diff --git a/.coderabbit.yaml b/.coderabbit.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85ed5cd3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.coderabbit.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# yaml-language-server: $schema=https://coderabbit.ai/integrations/schema.v2.json
+language: en-US
+reviews:
+  profile: chill
+  request_changes_workflow: false
+  high_level_summary: true
+  poem: false
+  review_status: true
+  auto_review:
+    enabled: true
+    drafts: false
+  path_filters:
+    - "!**/*.tsx"
+    - "!**/*.ts"
+    - "!**/*.js"
+    - "!**/*.svg"
+chat:
+  auto_reply: true
diff --git a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
index 80809e667..9b6a0edfd 100644
--- a/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
+++ b/.devcontainer/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.25-bookworm
+FROM golang:1.26.7-bookworm
 
 RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
     && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends\
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
         iptables=1.8.9-2 \
         libgl1-mesa-dev=22.3.6-1+deb12u1 \
         xorg-dev=1:7.7+23 \
-        libayatana-appindicator3-dev=0.5.92-1 \
     && apt-get clean \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
     && go install -v golang.org/x/tools/gopls@latest
diff --git a/.git-branches.toml b/.git-branches.toml
index d1818090f..4c34d7928 100644
--- a/.git-branches.toml
+++ b/.git-branches.toml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 [branches]
 main = "main"
 perennials = []
-perennial-regex = ""
+perennial-regex = "^release-"
 
 [create]
 new-branch-type = "feature"
diff --git a/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/ideas-feature-requests.yml b/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/ideas-feature-requests.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f57a62107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/ideas-feature-requests.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        ## Ideas & Feature Requests
+
+        Use this category for feature requests, enhancements, integrations, and product ideas.
+
+        NetBird uses community traction in discussions — upvotes, replies, affected users, and use-case detail — as an input when deciding what should become a maintainer-curated issue or roadmap item. A clear problem statement is more useful than a solution-only request.
+
+        Please search first and add your use case to an existing discussion when one already exists.
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: preflight
+    attributes:
+      label: Before posting
+      options:
+        - label: I searched existing discussions and issues for similar requests.
+          required: true
+        - label: I checked the documentation to confirm this is not already supported.
+          required: true
+        - label: This is a product idea or enhancement request, not a support question.
+          required: true
+        - label: I removed or anonymized sensitive details from examples and screenshots.
+          required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: area
+    attributes:
+      label: Product area
+      description: Select every area this request touches.
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Client / Agent
+        - CLI
+        - Desktop UI
+        - Mobile app
+        - Dashboard / Admin UI
+        - Management service / API
+        - Signal service
+        - Relay
+        - DNS
+        - Routes / Exit nodes
+        - NetBird SSH
+        - Access control policies
+        - Posture checks
+        - Identity provider / SSO
+        - Self-hosting / Deployment
+        - Kubernetes / Operator
+        - Terraform / Automation
+        - Documentation
+        - Other / not sure
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: problem
+    attributes:
+      label: Problem or use case
+      description: What are you trying to accomplish, and what is difficult or impossible today?
+      placeholder: |
+        As a ...
+        I want to ...
+        Because ...
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: proposal
+    attributes:
+      label: Proposed solution
+      description: Describe the behavior, workflow, API, UI, or integration you would like to see.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: alternatives
+    attributes:
+      label: Alternatives or workarounds considered
+      description: What have you tried today? Why is the current workaround not enough?
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: impact
+    attributes:
+      label: Community impact and priority
+      description: Help us understand who benefits and how urgent this is.
+      placeholder: |
+        - Number of users/teams/peers affected:
+        - Deployment type: Cloud / self-hosted / both
+        - Frequency: daily / weekly / occasional
+        - Blocking production adoption? yes/no
+        - Related comments, discussions, or customer requests:
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: examples
+    attributes:
+      label: Examples from other tools or products
+      description: If another tool solves this well, link or describe the behavior.
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: security
+    attributes:
+      label: Security, privacy, and compatibility considerations
+      description: Note any access-control, audit, data retention, network, platform, or backward-compatibility concerns.
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: implementation
+    attributes:
+      label: Implementation ideas
+      description: Optional. If you are familiar with the codebase or API, share possible implementation notes.
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: contribution
+    attributes:
+      label: Are you willing to help?
+      options:
+        - Yes, I can submit a PR if the approach is accepted.
+        - Yes, I can test or validate a proposed implementation.
+        - Yes, I can provide more use-case details.
+        - Not at this time.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional-context
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      description: Add screenshots, diagrams, links, or anything else that helps explain the request.
diff --git a/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/issue-triage.yml b/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/issue-triage.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b13ec066e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/issue-triage.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        ## Issue Triage
+
+        Use this category for reproducible bugs and regressions in NetBird.
+
+        The more context you include, the faster we can validate and act on your report. If you're not sure whether something is a bug, **Q&A / Support** is a good starting point — we can always move the conversation here once we've confirmed it's a product issue.
+
+        Intermittent issues are useful too. Include the trigger, frequency, timing, and any logs or debug evidence you have, and we'll work from there.
+
+        Please don't include secrets, tokens, private keys, internal hostnames, or public IPs. Security vulnerabilities should be reported through the repository security policy rather than a public discussion.
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: preflight
+    attributes:
+      label: Before posting
+      options:
+        - label: I searched existing discussions and issues, including closed ones, and checked the relevant docs.
+          required: true
+        - label: I believe this is a product bug rather than a configuration or setup question.
+          required: true
+        - label: I can reproduce this issue, or for intermittent issues I've included trigger, frequency, and timing details below.
+          required: true
+        - label: I removed or anonymized sensitive data from logs, screenshots, and configuration.
+          required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: area
+    attributes:
+      label: Affected area
+      description: Select every area this report touches.
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Client / Agent
+        - Reverse Proxy
+        - CLI
+        - Desktop UI
+        - Mobile app
+        - Peer connectivity
+        - DNS
+        - Routes / Exit nodes
+        - NetBird SSH
+        - Relay / Signal / NAT traversal
+        - Login / Authentication / IdP
+        - Dashboard / Admin UI
+        - Management service / API
+        - Access control policies / Posture checks
+        - Self-hosting / Deployment
+        - Kubernetes / Operator
+        - Documentation
+        - Other / not sure
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: deployment
+    attributes:
+      label: Deployment type
+      options:
+        - NetBird Cloud
+        - Self-hosted - quickstart script
+        - Self-hosted - advanced/custom deployment
+        - Local development build
+        - Not sure / environment I do not fully control
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: platform
+    attributes:
+      label: Operating system or environment
+      description: Select every environment involved in the reproduction.
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Linux
+        - macOS
+        - Windows
+        - Android
+        - iOS
+        - FreeBSD
+        - OpenWRT
+        - Docker
+        - Kubernetes
+        - Synology
+        - Browser
+        - Other / not sure
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: NetBird version and upgrade status
+      description: Run `netbird version` where applicable. For self-hosted deployments, include management, signal, relay, and dashboard versions if available. If you cannot test on a current/supported version, explain why.
+      placeholder: |
+        Example:
+        - Client: 0.30.2
+        - Management: 0.30.2
+        - Signal: 0.30.2
+        - Relay: 0.30.2
+        - Dashboard: 0.30.2
+        - Upgrade status: reproduced on current version / cannot upgrade because ...
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: regression
+    attributes:
+      label: Did this work before?
+      options:
+        - Yes, this worked before
+        - No, this never worked
+        - Not sure
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: regression-details
+    attributes:
+      label: Regression details
+      description: If this worked before, include the last known working version, first known broken version, and any recent upgrade, configuration, network, or IdP changes.
+      placeholder: |
+        - Last known working version:
+        - First known broken version:
+        - Recent changes:
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: summary
+    attributes:
+      label: Summary
+      description: Briefly describe the reproducible bug.
+      placeholder: What is broken?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: current-behavior
+    attributes:
+      label: Current behavior
+      description: What happens now? Include exact errors, timeouts, UI messages, or failed commands when possible.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected-behavior
+    attributes:
+      label: Expected behavior
+      description: What did you expect to happen instead?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: reproduction
+    attributes:
+      label: Steps to reproduce
+      description: Provide the smallest set of steps that reliably reproduces the bug. If the issue is intermittent, include the trigger, frequency, timing, and relevant timestamps.
+      placeholder: |
+        1. Configure ...
+        2. Run ...
+        3. Observe ...
+
+        For intermittent issues:
+        - Trigger:
+        - Frequency:
+        - Timing/timestamps:
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: environment
+    attributes:
+      label: Environment and topology
+      description: Include the relevant topology and software involved in the reproduction. For UI/docs-only reports, write `N/A` if this does not apply. Use `None`, `Unknown`, or `N/A` where appropriate.
+      placeholder: |
+        - Peer A:
+        - Peer B:
+        - Same LAN or different networks:
+        - NAT/CGNAT/corporate firewall/mobile network:
+        - Other VPN software:
+        - Firewall, DNS, or endpoint security software:
+        - Routes, DNS, policies, posture checks, or SSH rules involved:
+        - IdP, reverse proxy, or browser involved:
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: self-hosted-details
+    attributes:
+      label: Self-hosted details, if available
+      description: Optional. If you use self-hosting and have access to these details, include them. If you do not administer the environment, provide what you know and say what you cannot access.
+      placeholder: |
+        - Deployment method: quickstart / Docker Compose / Helm / operator / custom
+        - Management/signal/relay/dashboard versions:
+        - Reverse proxy:
+        - IdP/provider:
+        - STUN/TURN/coturn/relay details:
+        - Relevant component logs:
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Logs, status output, or debug evidence
+      description: |
+        For client, connectivity, DNS, route, relay/signal, or self-hosted reports, logs are essential — please include anonymized output from `netbird status -dA`, or a debug bundle via `netbird debug for 1m -AS -U`. Debug bundles are automatically deleted after 30 days.
+
+        For UI, dashboard, or documentation reports, leave the pre-filled `N/A`.
+      value: "N/A"
+      render: shell
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: related-reports
+    attributes:
+      label: Related issues or discussions
+      description: Optional. Link similar reports you found while searching, if any.
+      placeholder: |
+        - Related issue/discussion:
+        - Why this may be the same or different:
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: impact
+    attributes:
+      label: Impact
+      description: Optional. Help us understand priority. How many users, peers, environments, or workflows are affected? Is there a workaround?
+      placeholder: |
+        - Affected users/peers:
+        - Business or production impact:
+        - Workaround available:
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional-context
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      description: Add links to related discussions, issues, docs, screenshots, recordings, or anything else that may help validation.
diff --git a/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/q-a-support.yml b/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/q-a-support.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..725f8737c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/DISCUSSION_TEMPLATE/q-a-support.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        ## Q&A / Support
+
+        Use this category for questions about configuration, setup, self-hosted deployments, troubleshooting, and general NetBird usage.
+
+        This is community support and does not provide an SLA. For NetBird Cloud support, use the official support channel linked from the issue creation page. Please do not post secrets, tokens, private keys, internal hostnames, or public IPs unless you intentionally want them public.
+
+        If your question turns into a reproducible product defect, DevRel or a maintainer may ask you to open or move the conversation to Issue Triage.
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: preflight
+    attributes:
+      label: Before posting
+      options:
+        - label: I searched existing discussions and issues for similar questions.
+          required: true
+        - label: I reviewed the relevant NetBird documentation or troubleshooting guide.
+          required: true
+        - label: I removed or anonymized sensitive data from logs, screenshots, and configuration.
+          required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: topic
+    attributes:
+      label: Topic
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Getting started
+        - Self-hosting
+        - Client / Agent
+        - CLI
+        - Desktop UI
+        - Mobile app
+        - Dashboard / Admin UI
+        - DNS
+        - Routes / Exit nodes
+        - NetBird SSH
+        - Relay
+        - Access control policies
+        - Posture checks
+        - Identity provider / SSO
+        - API
+        - Kubernetes / Operator
+        - Terraform / Automation
+        - Documentation
+        - Other / not sure
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: deployment
+    attributes:
+      label: Deployment type
+      options:
+        - NetBird Cloud
+        - Self-hosted - quickstart script
+        - Self-hosted - advanced/custom deployment
+        - Local development build
+        - Not sure
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: platform
+    attributes:
+      label: Operating system or environment
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - Linux
+        - macOS
+        - Windows
+        - Android
+        - iOS
+        - FreeBSD
+        - OpenWRT
+        - Docker
+        - Kubernetes
+        - Synology
+        - Browser
+        - Other / not sure
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: input
+    id: version
+    attributes:
+      label: NetBird version
+      description: Run `netbird version` where applicable. For self-hosted deployments, include component versions if relevant.
+      placeholder: "Example: client 0.30.2, management 0.30.2"
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: question
+    attributes:
+      label: Question
+      description: What are you trying to understand or accomplish?
+      placeholder: Describe your question clearly.
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: goal
+    attributes:
+      label: Desired outcome
+      description: What would a successful answer help you do?
+      placeholder: |
+        I want to configure ...
+        I expected ...
+        I need help deciding ...
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: attempted
+    attributes:
+      label: What have you tried?
+      description: Include commands, documentation links, configuration attempts, or troubleshooting steps already tried.
+      placeholder: |
+        - Read ...
+        - Ran ...
+        - Changed ...
+        - Observed ...
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: environment
+    attributes:
+      label: Relevant environment details
+      description: Include redacted topology, IdP/provider, reverse proxy, firewall, DNS, route, policy, or self-hosted setup details that may affect the answer.
+      placeholder: |
+        - Deployment:
+        - Components involved:
+        - Network/topology:
+        - Related config:
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: logs
+    attributes:
+      label: Logs or output
+      description: Optional. Include anonymized logs, command output, screenshots, or `netbird status -dA` if relevant.
+      render: shell
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional-context
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      description: Add links, diagrams, screenshots, or other details that may help the community answer.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-issue-report.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-issue-report.md
deleted file mode 100644
index df670db06..000000000
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug-issue-report.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Bug/Issue report
-about: Create a report to help us improve
-title: ''
-labels: ['triage-needed']
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-**Describe the problem**
-
-A clear and concise description of what the problem is.
-
-**To Reproduce**
-
-Steps to reproduce the behavior:
-1. Go to '...'
-2. Click on '....'
-3. Scroll down to '....'
-4. See error
-
-**Expected behavior**
-
-A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen.
-
-**Are you using NetBird Cloud?**
-
-Please specify whether you use NetBird Cloud or self-host NetBird's control plane.
-
-**NetBird version**
-
-`netbird version`
-
-**Is any other VPN software installed?**
-
-If yes, which one?
-
-**Debug output**
-
-To help us resolve the problem, please attach the following anonymized status output
-
-  netbird status -dA
-
-Create and upload a debug bundle, and share the returned file key:
-
-  netbird debug for 1m -AS -U
-
-*Uploaded files are automatically deleted after 30 days.*
-
-
-Alternatively, create the file only and attach it here manually:
-
-  netbird debug for 1m -AS
-
-
-**Screenshots**
-
-If applicable, add screenshots to help explain your problem.
-
-**Additional context**
-
-Add any other context about the problem here.
-
-**Have you tried these troubleshooting steps?**
-- [ ] Reviewed [client troubleshooting](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/troubleshooting-client) (if applicable)
-- [ ] Checked for newer NetBird versions
-- [ ] Searched for similar issues on GitHub (including closed ones)
-- [ ] Restarted the NetBird client
-- [ ] Disabled other VPN software
-- [ ] Checked firewall settings
-
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
index e9ffaf8a3..ee3e84df6 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
-blank_issues_enabled: true
+blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
-  - name: Community Support
+  - name: Start an Issue Triage discussion
+    url: https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions/new?category=issue-triage
+    about: Report a bug, regression, or unexpected behavior so DevRel can validate it before it becomes an issue.
+  - name: Propose an idea or feature request
+    url: https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions/new?category=ideas-feature-requests
+    about: Share feature requests, enhancements, and integration ideas for community feedback and prioritization.
+  - name: Ask a Q&A / Support question
+    url: https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions/new?category=q-a-support
+    about: Get help with setup, configuration, self-hosting, troubleshooting, and general usage.
+  - name: Security vulnerability disclosure
+    url: https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/security/policy
+    about: Please do not report security vulnerabilities in public issues or discussions.
+  - name: Community Support Forum
     url: https://forum.netbird.io/
-    about: Community support forum
+    about: Community support forum.
   - name: Cloud Support
     url: https://docs.netbird.io/help/report-bug-issues
-    about: Contact us for support
-  - name: Client/Connection Troubleshooting
+    about: Contact NetBird for Cloud support.
+  - name: Client / Connection Troubleshooting
     url: https://docs.netbird.io/help/troubleshooting-client
-    about: See our client troubleshooting guide for help addressing common issues
+    about: See the client troubleshooting guide for common connectivity issues.
   - name: Self-host Troubleshooting
     url: https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/troubleshooting
-    about: See our self-host troubleshooting guide for help addressing common issues
+    about: See the self-host troubleshooting guide for common deployment issues.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 4a3e5782c..000000000
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
----
-name: Feature request
-about: Suggest an idea for this project
-title: ''
-labels: ['feature-request']
-assignees: ''
-
----
-
-**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**
-A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
-
-**Describe the solution you'd like**
-A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
-
-**Describe alternatives you've considered**
-A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
-
-**Additional context**
-Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/validated_issue.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/validated_issue.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a21b73b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/validated_issue.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+name: Validated issue
+description: Maintainer/DevRel only. Create an issue after a discussion has been validated or for internally validated work.
+title: "[Validated]: "
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        ## Discussion-first issue policy
+
+        Issues are maintainer-curated work items. Community reports and feature requests should start in [Discussions](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions) so DevRel can validate, reproduce, and route them before engineering time is committed.
+
+        Use this form when:
+        - A discussion has been validated and should become actionable work.
+        - A maintainer is opening internally validated work that can bypass the discussion-first flow.
+
+        Issues opened without a relevant validated discussion or maintainer context may be closed and redirected to Discussions.
+
+  - type: checkboxes
+    id: validation-checks
+    attributes:
+      label: Validation checklist
+      options:
+        - label: This issue is linked to a validated discussion, or it is being opened directly by a maintainer.
+          required: true
+        - label: The report has enough context for engineering to act on it without re-triaging from scratch.
+          required: true
+        - label: Sensitive data, secrets, private keys, internal hostnames, and public IPs have been removed or intentionally disclosed.
+          required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: issue-type
+    attributes:
+      label: Issue type
+      options:
+        - Bug / Regression
+        - Feature / Enhancement
+        - Documentation
+        - Maintenance / Refactor
+        - Cross-repository coordination
+        - Other
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: input
+    id: source-discussion
+    attributes:
+      label: Source discussion
+      description: Link the GitHub Discussion that was validated. Maintainers bypassing the flow can write "Maintainer-created" and explain why below.
+      placeholder: https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions/1234
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: input
+    id: validation-owner
+    attributes:
+      label: Validation owner
+      description: GitHub handle of the DevRel team member or maintainer who validated this work.
+      placeholder: "@username"
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: dropdown
+    id: target-repository
+    attributes:
+      label: Target repository
+      description: Where should the implementation work happen?
+      options:
+        - netbirdio/netbird
+        - netbirdio/dashboard
+        - netbirdio/kubernetes-operator
+        - netbirdio/docs
+        - Multiple repositories
+        - Unknown / needs routing
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: summary
+    attributes:
+      label: Summary
+      description: Concise description of the validated work.
+      placeholder: What needs to be fixed, changed, documented, or built?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: evidence
+    attributes:
+      label: Validation evidence
+      description: For bugs, include reproduction status, affected versions, logs, and environment. For features, include community traction, affected users, and alignment notes.
+      placeholder: |
+        - Reproduced by:
+        - Affected versions / platforms:
+        - Community signal:
+        - Related logs or screenshots:
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: scope
+    attributes:
+      label: Proposed scope
+      description: Describe what is in scope and, if helpful, what is explicitly out of scope.
+      placeholder: |
+        In scope:
+        - ...
+
+        Out of scope:
+        - ...
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: acceptance-criteria
+    attributes:
+      label: Acceptance criteria
+      description: What must be true for this issue to be closed?
+      placeholder: |
+        - [ ] ...
+        - [ ] ...
+    validations:
+      required: true
+
+  - type: textarea
+    id: additional-context
+    attributes:
+      label: Additional context
+      description: Links to related PRs, docs, issues in other repositories, roadmap items, or implementation notes.
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..647e04936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 3
+    groups:
+      actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
+    ignore:
+      # git-town/action v1.3.x crashes on cyclic PR graphs (self-loop main->main
+      # fork PRs) via its topological-sort visualization. Pinned to v1.2.1 in
+      # git-town.yml; block v1.3.x until upstream tolerates cyclic edges.
+      - dependency-name: "git-town/action"
+        update-types:
+          - "version-update:semver-minor"
+          - "version-update:semver-major"
+
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directories:
+      - "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 15
+    groups:
+      golang-x-packages:
+        patterns:
+          - "golang.org/x/*"
+      aws-sdk:
+        patterns:
+          - "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/*"
+      pion:
+        patterns:
+          - "github.com/pion/*"
+      gorm:
+        patterns:
+          - "gorm.io/*"
+      otel:
+        patterns:
+          - "go.opentelemetry.io/*"
+      testcontainers:
+        patterns:
+          - "github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/*"
+      wireguard:
+        patterns:
+          - "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard*"
diff --git a/.github/pull_request_template.md b/.github/pull_request_template.md
index 9d6bc96eb..9b796f262 100644
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 
 ## Issue ticket number and link
 
+<!--
+Required for anything that changes behavior. Link the issue (or the validated
+discussion it came from) that the NetBird team already agreed on. See
+https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#ticket-first-pr-second
+-->
+
 ## Stack
 
 <!-- branch-stack -->
@@ -12,6 +18,9 @@
 - [ ] Is a feature enhancement
 - [ ] It is a refactor
 - [ ] Created tests that fail without the change (if possible)
+- [ ] I ran and tested this change locally — I did not rely on CI to find out whether it works
+- [ ] This PR has a single purpose (not a fix + refactor + feature in one)
+- [ ] This change is a trivial fix, **OR** it links an issue the NetBird team agreed on beforehand. Changes to the public API, gRPC protocols, functionality behavior, CLI / service flags, or new features always need that agreement first. See [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#ticket-first-pr-second).
 
 > By submitting this pull request, you confirm that you have read and agree to the terms of the [Contributor License Agreement](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/CONTRIBUTOR_LICENSE_AGREEMENT.md).
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/agent-network-e2e.yml b/.github/workflows/agent-network-e2e.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9501c5fba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/agent-network-e2e.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+name: Agent Network E2E
+
+on:
+  # Nightly at 03:00 UTC, plus on demand from the Actions tab.
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 3 * * *"
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      bedrock_model:
+        description: >-
+          Bedrock inference-profile id to drive the matrix with, exactly as
+          AWS issues it. Leave empty for the Sonnet 4.6 default.
+        required: false
+        default: ""
+      test_pattern:
+        description: >-
+          Package pattern to run. Defaults to the whole suite; narrow it to one
+          package (e.g. ./e2e/agentnetwork/...) when a run only needs that
+          package's answer and not the sixteen minutes the container suite costs.
+        required: false
+        default: "./e2e/..."
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  e2e:
+    name: Agent Network E2E
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4a3601121dd01d1626a1e23e37211e3254c1c06c # v6.4.0
+        with:
+          go-version-file: "go.mod"
+
+      # Container-driver builder so the harness can build the combined/proxy/
+      # client images from source with a local layer cache.
+      - name: Set up Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 # v4.1.0
+
+      # Persist the Docker layer cache across runs. This caches the base, apt,
+      # and go-mod-download layers; the Go compile still re-runs, as BuildKit
+      # mount caches cannot be exported to the GitHub cache.
+      - name: Cache Docker layers
+        uses: actions/cache@27d5ce7f107fe9357f9df03efb73ab90386fccae # v5.0.5
+        with:
+          path: /tmp/.buildx-cache
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-anet-e2e-buildx-${{ hashFiles('go.sum', 'combined/Dockerfile.multistage', 'proxy/Dockerfile.multistage', 'e2e/harness/Dockerfile.client') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-anet-e2e-buildx-
+
+      - name: Run agent-network e2e
+        env:
+          # Build the images from source (this branch's code) with the shared
+          # local layer cache.
+          NB_E2E_BUILDX_CACHE: /tmp/.buildx-cache
+          # Provider credentials. Each provider scenario skips if its
+          # token (and URL, for gateways) is unset, so partial coverage is fine.
+          OPENAI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.E2E_OPENAI_TOKEN }}
+          ANTHROPIC_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.E2E_ANTHROPIC_TOKEN }}
+          # Moonshot AI platform key (platform.kimi.ai); drives both Kimi wire
+          # shapes (OpenAI /v1 and Anthropic /anthropic) through kimi_api.
+          KIMI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.E2E_KIMI_TOKEN }}
+          VERCEL_URL: ${{ secrets.E2E_VERCEL_URL }}
+          VERCEL_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.E2E_VERCEL_TOKEN }}
+          OPENROUTER_URL: ${{ secrets.E2E_OPENROUTER_URL }}
+          OPENROUTER_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.E2E_OPENROUTER_TOKEN }}
+          CLOUDFLARE_URL: ${{ secrets.E2E_CLOUDFLARE_URL }}
+          CLOUDFLARE_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.E2E_CLOUDFLARE_TOKEN }}
+          AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK: ${{ secrets.E2E_AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK }}
+          AWS_REGION: ${{ secrets.E2E_AWS_REGION }}
+          # Bedrock model override: dispatch input wins, then the repo variable, else the test default.
+          AWS_BEDROCK_MODEL: ${{ inputs.bedrock_model || vars.E2E_AWS_BEDROCK_MODEL }}
+          # Vertex (Anthropic-on-Vertex): SA + project required; region defaults
+          # to "global", model to a pinned claude snapshot.
+          GOOGLE_VERTEX_SA_BASE64: ${{ secrets.E2E_GOOGLE_VERTEX_SA_BASE64 }}
+          GOOGLE_VERTEX_PROJECT: ${{ secrets.E2E_GOOGLE_VERTEX_PROJECT }}
+          GOOGLE_VERTEX_REGION: ${{ secrets.E2E_GOOGLE_VERTEX_REGION }}
+          GOOGLE_VERTEX_MODEL: ${{ secrets.E2E_GOOGLE_VERTEX_MODEL }}
+          # Read through an env var rather than interpolated into the run
+          # script: a dispatch input reaching a shell command directly is a
+          # script-injection seam, however trusted the dispatcher.
+          TEST_PATTERN: ${{ inputs.test_pattern || './e2e/...' }}
+        run: go test -tags e2e -timeout 40m -v "$TEST_PATTERN"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/buf.yml b/.github/workflows/buf.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc7629534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/buf.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+name: protobuf checks
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - "release-*"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - ".github/workflows/buf.yml"
+      - "**/buf.yaml"
+      - "**/buf.lock"
+      - "**/buf.gen.yaml"
+      - "**.proto"
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pull-requests: read
+jobs:
+  buf:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: bufbuild/buf-action@8c6a16e16f12ba20b6470afa9c2ba9b5ba8c97c3 # v1.5.0
+        with:
+          push: false
+          archive: false
+          pr_comment: false
+          lint: false
+          format: false
+          # A push that creates a branch carries no `before` commit, so the
+          # action's default baseline is the all-zero SHA and `buf breaking`
+          # dies cloning it. Skipping costs nothing: every commit on a freshly
+          # cut release branch should have already passed this check on main.
+          breaking: ${{ !github.event.created }}
+          # The alternative is to compare against the default branch instead of
+          # skipping. Not used: buf clones the baseline when the job runs, so a
+          # main that has moved on since the branch was cut reads as protos
+          # deleted on the release branch. Resolving to an empty string on every
+          # other event is what keeps the action's own default in place, which
+          # stacked pull requests need.
+          # breaking_against: >-
+          #   ${{ github.event.created
+          #     && format('{0}#format=git,branch={1}',
+          #               github.event.repository.clone_url,
+          #               github.event.repository.default_branch)
+          #     || '' }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml b/.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml
index a721cb516..81d293e4f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml
@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@ name: Check License Dependencies
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches: [ main ]
+    branches: [main, "release-*"]
     paths:
-      - 'go.mod'
-      - 'go.sum'
-      - '.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml'
+      - "go.mod"
+      - "go.sum"
+      - ".github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml"
   pull_request:
     paths:
-      - 'go.mod'
-      - 'go.sum'
-      - '.github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml'
+      - "go.mod"
+      - "go.sum"
+      - ".github/workflows/check-license-dependencies.yml"
 
 jobs:
   check-internal-dependencies:
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Check for problematic license dependencies
         run: |
@@ -56,55 +59,57 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
-    - name: Set up Go
-      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-      with:
-        go-version-file: 'go.mod'
-        cache: true
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
+        with:
+          go-version-file: "go.mod"
+          cache: true
 
-    - name: Install go-licenses
-      run: go install github.com/google/go-licenses@v1.6.0
+      - name: Install go-licenses
+        run: go install github.com/google/go-licenses@v1.6.0
 
-    - name: Check for GPL/AGPL licensed dependencies
-      run: |
-        echo "Checking for GPL/AGPL/LGPL licensed dependencies..."
-        echo ""
-
-        # Check all Go packages for copyleft licenses, excluding internal netbird packages
-        COPYLEFT_DEPS=$(go-licenses report ./... 2>/dev/null | grep -E 'GPL|AGPL|LGPL' | grep -v 'github.com/netbirdio/netbird/' || true)
-
-        if [ -n "$COPYLEFT_DEPS" ]; then
-          echo "Found copyleft licensed dependencies:"
-          echo "$COPYLEFT_DEPS"
+      - name: Check for GPL/AGPL licensed dependencies
+        run: |
+          echo "Checking for GPL/AGPL/LGPL licensed dependencies..."
           echo ""
 
-          # Filter out dependencies that are only pulled in by internal AGPL packages
-          INCOMPATIBLE=""
-          while IFS=',' read -r package url license; do
-            if echo "$license" | grep -qE 'GPL-[0-9]|AGPL-[0-9]|LGPL-[0-9]'; then
-              # Find ALL packages that import this GPL package using go list
-              IMPORTERS=$(go list -json -deps ./... 2>/dev/null | jq -r "select(.Imports[]? == \"$package\") | .ImportPath")
+          # Check all Go packages for copyleft licenses, excluding internal netbird packages
+          COPYLEFT_DEPS=$(go-licenses report ./... 2>/dev/null | grep -E 'GPL|AGPL|LGPL' | grep -v 'github.com/netbirdio/netbird/' || true)
 
-              # Check if any importer is NOT in management/signal/relay
-              BSD_IMPORTER=$(echo "$IMPORTERS" | grep -v "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/\(management\|signal\|relay\|proxy\|combined\|tools/idp-migrate\)" | head -1)
-
-              if [ -n "$BSD_IMPORTER" ]; then
-                echo "❌ $package ($license) is imported by BSD-licensed code: $BSD_IMPORTER"
-                INCOMPATIBLE="${INCOMPATIBLE}${package},${url},${license}\n"
-              else
-                echo "✓ $package ($license) is only used by internal AGPL packages - OK"
-              fi
-            fi
-          done <<< "$COPYLEFT_DEPS"
-
-          if [ -n "$INCOMPATIBLE" ]; then
+          if [ -n "$COPYLEFT_DEPS" ]; then
+            echo "Found copyleft licensed dependencies:"
+            echo "$COPYLEFT_DEPS"
             echo ""
-            echo "❌ INCOMPATIBLE licenses found that are used by BSD-licensed code:"
-            echo -e "$INCOMPATIBLE"
-            exit 1
-          fi
-        fi
 
-        echo "✅ All external license dependencies are compatible with BSD-3-Clause"
+            # Filter out dependencies that are only pulled in by internal AGPL packages
+            INCOMPATIBLE=""
+            while IFS=',' read -r package url license; do
+              if echo "$license" | grep -qE 'GPL-[0-9]|AGPL-[0-9]|LGPL-[0-9]'; then
+                # Find ALL packages that import this GPL package using go list
+                IMPORTERS=$(go list -json -deps ./... 2>/dev/null | jq -r "select(.Imports[]? == \"$package\") | .ImportPath")
+
+                # Check if any importer is NOT in management/signal/relay
+                BSD_IMPORTER=$(echo "$IMPORTERS" | grep -v "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/\(management\|signal\|relay\|proxy\|combined\|tools/idp-migrate\)" | head -1)
+
+                if [ -n "$BSD_IMPORTER" ]; then
+                  echo "❌ $package ($license) is imported by BSD-licensed code: $BSD_IMPORTER"
+                  INCOMPATIBLE="${INCOMPATIBLE}${package},${url},${license}\n"
+                else
+                  echo "✓ $package ($license) is only used by internal AGPL packages - OK"
+                fi
+              fi
+            done <<< "$COPYLEFT_DEPS"
+
+            if [ -n "$INCOMPATIBLE" ]; then
+              echo ""
+              echo "❌ INCOMPATIBLE licenses found that are used by BSD-licensed code:"
+              echo -e "$INCOMPATIBLE"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+          fi
+
+          echo "✅ All external license dependencies are compatible with BSD-3-Clause"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs-ack.yml b/.github/workflows/docs-ack.yml
index f11142a36..7e34e2f8a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/docs-ack.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docs-ack.yml
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Verify docs PR exists (and is open or merged)
         if: steps.validate.outputs.mode == 'added'
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         id: verify
         with:
           pr_number: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.pr_number }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/forum.yml b/.github/workflows/forum.yml
index a26a72586..75543ef8b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/forum.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/forum.yml
@@ -8,11 +8,10 @@ jobs:
   post:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: roots/discourse-topic-github-release-action@main
+      - uses: roots/discourse-topic-github-release-action@557d74ea05b6cc0c47f555c1d5d28a89d904005b # v1.1.0
         with:
           discourse-api-key: ${{ secrets.DISCOURSE_RELEASES_API_KEY }}
           discourse-base-url: https://forum.netbird.io
           discourse-author-username: NetBird
           discourse-category: 17
-          discourse-tags:
-            releases
+          discourse-tags: releases
diff --git a/.github/workflows/frontend-ui.yml b/.github/workflows/frontend-ui.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..014c5c2ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/frontend-ui.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+name: UI Frontend
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "client/ui/frontend/**"
+      - "client/ui/i18n/**"
+      - "client/ui/**/*.go"
+      - ".github/workflows/frontend-ui.yml"
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+      - "release-*"
+    paths:
+      - "client/ui/frontend/**"
+      - "client/ui/i18n/**"
+      - "client/ui/**/*.go"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  lint-and-build:
+    name: Lint & Build
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        working-directory: client/ui/frontend
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Set up Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "22"
+
+      - name: Set up pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@a3252b78c470c02df07e9d59298aecedc3ccdd6d # v3.0.0
+        with:
+          version: 11
+
+      # Bindings are generated by wails3 from the Go service definitions and
+      # are not checked in (see client/ui/frontend/bindings/). Without them,
+      # typecheck/build fail on missing module imports.
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@4b73464bb391d4059bd26b0524d20df3927bd417 # v6.3.0
+        with:
+          go-version-file: "go.mod"
+          cache: false
+
+      # wails3 CLI links against GTK4 / WebKitGTK 6.0 via its internal/operatingsystem
+      # package, so the dev libraries must be present before `go install`.
+      - name: Install Wails Linux system dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+            pkg-config \
+            libgtk-4-dev \
+            libwebkitgtk-6.0-dev
+
+      - name: Install wails3 CLI
+        # Version derived from go.mod so the binding generator always matches
+        # the wails runtime the daemon links against.
+        working-directory: ${{ github.workspace }}
+        run: |
+          WAILS_VERSION=$(go list -m -f '{{.Version}}' github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3)
+          go install github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/cmd/wails3@$WAILS_VERSION
+
+      - name: Get pnpm store directory
+        id: pnpm-store
+        run: echo "path=$(pnpm store path --silent)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Cache pnpm store
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.pnpm-store.outputs.path }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-pnpm-${{ hashFiles('client/ui/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-pnpm-
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile --ignore-scripts
+
+      - name: Generate Wails bindings
+        run: pnpm run bindings
+
+      - name: Lint, typecheck, format
+        run: pnpm check
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: pnpm build
diff --git a/.github/workflows/git-town.yml b/.github/workflows/git-town.yml
index 699ed7d93..160c2ea38 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/git-town.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/git-town.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: Git Town
 on:
   pull_request:
     branches:
-      - '**'
+      - "**"
 
 jobs:
   git-town:
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: write
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: git-town/action@v1.2.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - uses: git-town/action@3d8b878379abb1ee393fb49865a28b4a6c2cd3b0 # v1.2.1
         with:
           skip-single-stacks: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golang-test-darwin.yml b/.github/workflows/golang-test-darwin.yml
index 0528ed086..c17d8e775 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golang-test-darwin.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golang-test-darwin.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+      - "release-*"
   pull_request:
 
 concurrency:
@@ -16,16 +17,18 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: macos-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: ~/go/pkg/mod
           key: macos-gotest-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
@@ -43,5 +46,19 @@ jobs:
         run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
 
       - name: Test
-        run: NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} CI=true go test -tags=devcert -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' -timeout 5m -p 1 $(go list ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined)
+        # Exclude client/ui: its main.go uses //go:embed all:frontend/dist,
+        # which fails to compile until the frontend has been built. The Wails UI
+        # has no Go-side unit tests, and its release pipeline runs `pnpm build`
+        # before goreleaser.
+        # `go list -e` lets the listing succeed even though the embed fails to
+        # resolve; the grep then drops the broken package by path. Without -e,
+        # go list aborts with empty stdout and `go test` falls back to the repo
+        # root, which has no Go files.
+        run: NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} CI=true go test -coverprofile=coverage.txt -tags 'devcert privileged' -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' -timeout 5m -p 1 $(go list -e ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined -e /client/ui -e /client/testutil/privileged)
 
+      - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f #v7.0.0
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          slug: netbirdio/netbird
+          flags: unit,client
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml b/.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml
index 2c029b117..65c39147a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golang-test-freebsd.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+      - "release-*"
   pull_request:
 
 concurrency:
@@ -15,20 +16,31 @@ jobs:
     name: "Client / Unit"
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Read Go version from go.mod
+        id: goversion
+        run: echo "version=$(awk '/^go / {print $2}' go.mod)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
       - name: Test in FreeBSD
         id: test
-        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@v1
+        env:
+          GO_VERSION: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.version }}
+        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@b84ab5559b5a1bb4b8ee2737d2506a16e1737636 # v1.4.8
         with:
           usesh: true
           copyback: false
-          release: "14.2"
+          release: "15.0"
+          envs: "GO_VERSION"
           prepare: |
             pkg install -y curl pkgconf xorg
-            GO_TARBALL="go1.25.3.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
+            GO_TARBALL="go${GO_VERSION}.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
             GO_URL="https://go.dev/dl/$GO_TARBALL"
             curl -vLO "$GO_URL"
-            tar -C /usr/local -vxzf "$GO_TARBALL"            
+            tar -C /usr/local -vxzf "$GO_TARBALL"
 
           # -x - to print all executed commands
           # -e - to faile on first error
@@ -37,14 +49,14 @@ jobs:
             export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$HOME/go/bin
             time go build -o netbird client/main.go
             # check all component except management, since we do not support management server on freebsd
-            time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./base62/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 1m -failfast ./base62/...
             # NOTE: without -p1 `client/internal/dns` will fail because of `listen udp4 :33100: bind: address already in use`
-            time go test -timeout 8m -failfast -v -p 1 ./client/...
-            time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./dns/...
-            time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./encryption/...
-            time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./formatter/...
-            time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./client/iface/...
-            time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./route/...
-            time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./sharedsock/...
-            time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./util/...
-            time go test -timeout 1m -failfast ./version/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 8m -failfast -v -p 1 ./client/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 1m -failfast ./dns/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 1m -failfast ./encryption/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 1m -failfast ./formatter/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 1m -failfast ./client/iface/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 1m -failfast ./route/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 1m -failfast ./sharedsock/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 1m -failfast ./util/...
+            time go test -tags privileged -timeout 1m -failfast ./version/...
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml b/.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml
index 450c44aea..f24dfbe9d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+      - "release-*"
   pull_request:
 
 concurrency:
@@ -18,9 +19,11 @@ jobs:
       management: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.management }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@fbd0ab8f3e69293af611ebaee6363fc25e6d187d # v4.0.1
         id: filter
         with:
           filters: |
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
               - 'management/**'
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -36,10 +39,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         id: cache
         with:
           path: |
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-4-dev libwebkitgtk-6.0-dev libsoup-3.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
 
       - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
         if: steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
@@ -113,14 +116,16 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ '386','amd64' ]
+        arch: ["386", "amd64"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -128,10 +133,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -141,7 +146,7 @@ jobs:
             ${{ runner.os }}-gotest-cache-
 
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-4-dev libwebkitgtk-6.0-dev libsoup-3.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev gcc-multilib libpcap-dev
 
       - name: Install 32-bit libpcap
         if: matrix.arch == '386'
@@ -154,18 +159,36 @@ jobs:
         run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
 
       - name: Test
-        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} CI=true go test -tags devcert -exec 'sudo' -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined)
+        # Exclude client/ui: its main.go uses //go:embed all:frontend/dist,
+        # which fails to compile until the frontend has been built. The Wails UI
+        # has no Go-side unit tests, and its release pipeline runs `pnpm build`
+        # before goreleaser.
+        # `go list -e` lets the listing succeed even though the embed fails to
+        # resolve; the grep then drops the broken package by path. Without -e,
+        # go list aborts with empty stdout and `go test` falls back to the repo
+        # root, which has no Go files.
+        run: CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} CI=true go test -coverprofile=coverage.txt -tags 'devcert privileged' -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,CGO_ENABLED' -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list -e ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined -e /client/ui -e /client/testutil/privileged)
+
+      - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
+        if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f #v7.0.0
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          slug: netbirdio/netbird
+          flags: unit,client
 
   test_client_on_docker:
     name: "Client (Docker) / Unit"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -177,7 +200,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "modcache_dir=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         id: cache-restore
         with:
           path: |
@@ -210,11 +233,11 @@ jobs:
             -e GOCACHE=${CONTAINER_GOCACHE} \
             -e GOMODCACHE=${CONTAINER_GOMODCACHE} \
             -e CONTAINER=${CONTAINER} \
-            golang:1.25-alpine \
+            golang:1.26.7-alpine \
             sh -c ' \
               apk update; apk add --no-cache \
                 ca-certificates iptables ip6tables dbus dbus-dev libpcap-dev build-base; \
-              go test -buildvcs=false -tags devcert -v -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list -buildvcs=false ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined -e /client/ui -e /upload-server)
+              go test -buildvcs=false -tags "devcert privileged" -v -timeout 10m -p 1 $(go list -e -buildvcs=false ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined -e /client/ui -e /upload-server -e /client/testutil/privileged)
             '
 
   test_relay:
@@ -231,10 +254,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -246,10 +271,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -268,23 +293,33 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
           go test ${{ matrix.raceFlag }} \
-            -exec 'sudo' \
+            -exec 'sudo' -coverprofile=coverage.txt \
             -timeout 10m -p 1 ./relay/... ./shared/relay/...
 
+      - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
+        if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f #v7.0.0
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          slug: netbirdio/netbird
+          flags: unit,relay
+
   test_proxy:
     name: "Proxy / Unit"
     needs: [build-cache]
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ '386','amd64' ]
+        arch: ["386", "amd64"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -298,7 +333,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -316,7 +351,15 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
-          go test -timeout 10m -p 1 ./proxy/...
+          go test -timeout 10m -p 1 -coverprofile=coverage.txt ./proxy/...
+
+      - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
+        if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f #v7.0.0
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          slug: netbirdio/netbird
+          flags: unit,proxy
 
   test_signal:
     name: "Signal / Unit"
@@ -324,14 +367,16 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ '386','amd64' ]
+        arch: ["386", "amd64"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -343,10 +388,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -365,24 +410,34 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
           go test \
-            -exec 'sudo' \
+            -exec 'sudo' -coverprofile=coverage.txt \
             -timeout 10m ./signal/... ./shared/signal/...
 
+      - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
+        if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f #v7.0.0
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          slug: netbirdio/netbird
+          flags: unit,signal
+
   test_management:
     name: "Management / Unit"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ 'amd64' ]
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres', 'mysql' ]
+        arch: ["amd64"]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres", "mysql"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -390,10 +445,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -410,7 +465,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Login to Docker hub
         if: github.event.pull_request && github.event.pull_request.head.repo && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == '' || github.repository == github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name || !github.head_ref
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
@@ -427,23 +482,31 @@ jobs:
         run: docker pull mlsmaycon/warmed-mysql:8
 
       - name: Test
-        run: |          
+        run: |
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
           NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
             CI=true \
-          go test -tags=devcert \
+          go test -tags=devcert -coverprofile=coverage.txt \
             -exec "sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE" \
             -timeout 20m ./management/... ./shared/management/...
 
+      - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
+        if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f #v7.0.0
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          slug: netbirdio/netbird
+          flags: unit,management
+
   benchmark:
     name: "Management / Benchmark"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     if: ${{ needs.build-cache.outputs.management == 'true' || github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ 'amd64' ]
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres' ]
+        arch: ["amd64"]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Create Docker network
@@ -474,10 +537,12 @@ jobs:
             prom/prometheus
 
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -485,10 +550,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -505,7 +570,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Login to Docker hub
         if: github.event.pull_request && github.event.pull_request.head.repo && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == '' || github.repository == github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name || !github.head_ref
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
@@ -522,20 +587,21 @@ jobs:
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
           NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
           CI=true \
-          GIT_BRANCH=${{ github.ref_name }} \
           go test -tags devcert -run=^$ -bench=. \
           -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE,GIT_BRANCH,GITHUB_RUN_ID' \
           -timeout 20m ./management/... ./shared/management/... $(go list ./management/... ./shared/management/... | grep -v -e /management/server/http)
+        env:
+          GIT_BRANCH: ${{ github.ref_name }}
 
   api_benchmark:
     name: "Management / Benchmark (API)"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     if: ${{ needs.build-cache.outputs.management == 'true' || github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ 'amd64' ]
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres' ]
+        arch: ["amd64"]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Create Docker network
@@ -566,10 +632,12 @@ jobs:
             prom/prometheus
 
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -577,10 +645,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -597,7 +665,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Login to Docker hub
         if: github.event.pull_request && github.event.pull_request.head.repo && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == '' || github.repository == github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name || !github.head_ref
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
@@ -614,29 +682,32 @@ jobs:
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
           NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
           CI=true \
-          GIT_BRANCH=${{ github.ref_name }} \
           go test -tags=benchmark \
             -run=^$ \
             -bench=. \
             -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE,GIT_BRANCH,GITHUB_RUN_ID' \
             -timeout 20m ./management/server/http/...
+        env:
+          GIT_BRANCH: ${{ github.ref_name }}
 
   api_integration_test:
     name: "Management / Integration"
-    needs: [ build-cache ]
+    needs: [build-cache]
     if: ${{ needs.build-cache.outputs.management == 'true' || github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        arch: [ 'amd64' ]
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres']
+        arch: ["amd64"]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
@@ -644,10 +715,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Get Go environment
         run: |
           echo "cache=$(go env GOCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV     
+          echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -659,6 +730,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
 
+      - name: Run Mage
+        uses: magefile/mage-action@a662bd8c29d8106879588cfff83b2faf6e6f59db # v4.0.0
+        with:
+          install-only: true
+
       - name: check git status
         run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
 
@@ -667,6 +743,12 @@ jobs:
           CGO_ENABLED=1 GOARCH=${{ matrix.arch }} \
           NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE=${{ matrix.store }} \
           CI=true \
-          go test -tags=integration \
-          -exec 'sudo --preserve-env=CI,NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE' \
-          -timeout 20m ./management/server/http/...
+          mage integrationtest:all -gotestflags="-coverprofile=coverage.txt"
+
+      - name: Upload coverage reports to Codecov
+        if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@fb8b3582c8e4def4969c97caa2f19720cb33a72f #v7.0.0
+        with:
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+          slug: netbirdio/netbird
+          flags: integration,management
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golang-test-windows.yml b/.github/workflows/golang-test-windows.yml
index 8e672043d..fb7b745d2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golang-test-windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golang-test-windows.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+      - "release-*"
   pull_request:
 
 env:
@@ -18,10 +19,12 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         id: go
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
           echo "modcache=$(go env GOMODCACHE)" >> $env:GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ${{ env.cache }}
@@ -44,16 +47,15 @@ jobs:
             ${{ runner.os }}-go-
 
       - name: Download wintun
-        uses: carlosperate/download-file-action@v2
         id: download-wintun
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/win-download-and-verify@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
         with:
-          file-url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/wintun/wintun-0.14.1.zip
-          file-name: wintun.zip
-          location: ${{ env.downloadPath }}
-          sha256: '07c256185d6ee3652e09fa55c0b673e2624b565e02c4b9091c79ca7d2f24ef51'
+          url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/wintun/wintun-0.14.1.zip
+          destination: ${{ env.downloadPath }}\wintun.zip
+          sha256: 07c256185d6ee3652e09fa55c0b673e2624b565e02c4b9091c79ca7d2f24ef51
 
       - name: Decompressing wintun files
-        run: tar -zvxf "${{ steps.download-wintun.outputs.file-path }}" -C ${{ env.downloadPath }}
+        run: tar -xvf "${{ steps.download-wintun.outputs.file-path }}" -C ${{ env.downloadPath }}
 
       - run: mv ${{ env.downloadPath }}/wintun/bin/amd64/wintun.dll 'C:\Windows\System32\'
 
@@ -64,10 +66,17 @@ jobs:
       - run: PsExec64 -s -w ${{ github.workspace }} C:\hostedtoolcache\windows\go\${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}\x64\bin\go.exe env -w GOCACHE=${{ env.modcache }}
       - run: PsExec64 -s -w ${{ github.workspace }} C:\hostedtoolcache\windows\go\${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}\x64\bin\go.exe mod tidy
       - name: Generate test script
+        # Exclude client/ui: its main.go uses //go:embed all:frontend/dist,
+        # which fails to compile until the frontend has been built. The Wails UI
+        # has no Go-side unit tests, and its release pipeline runs `pnpm build`
+        # before goreleaser.
+        # `go list -e` lets the listing succeed even though the embed fails to
+        # resolve; the Where-Object pipeline then drops the broken package by
+        # path. Without -e, go list aborts with empty stdout.
         run: |
-          $packages = go list ./... | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/management' } | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/relay' } | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/signal' } | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/proxy' } | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/combined' }
+          $packages = go list -e ./... | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/management' } | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/relay' } | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/signal' } | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/proxy' } | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/combined' } | Where-Object { $_ -notmatch '/client/ui' }
           $goExe = "C:\hostedtoolcache\windows\go\${{ steps.go.outputs.go-version }}\x64\bin\go.exe"
-          $cmd = "$goExe test -tags=devcert -timeout 10m -p 1 $($packages -join ' ') > test-out.txt 2>&1"
+          $cmd = "$goExe test -tags `"devcert privileged`" -timeout 10m -p 1 $($packages -join ' ') > test-out.txt 2>&1"
           Set-Content -Path "${{ github.workspace }}\run-tests.cmd" -Value $cmd
 
       - name: test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml b/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
index 62dfe9bce..586e1235b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
@@ -15,12 +15,22 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: codespell
-        uses: codespell-project/actions-codespell@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
         with:
-          ignore_words_list: erro,clienta,hastable,iif,groupd,testin,groupe,cros,ans,deriver,te,userA
-          skip: go.mod,go.sum,**/proxy/web/**
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: codespell
+        uses: codespell-project/actions-codespell@8f01853be192eb0f849a5c7d721450e7a467c579 # v2.2
+        with:
+          ignore_words_list: erro,clienta,hastable,iif,groupd,testin,groupe,cros,ans,deriver,te,userA,ede,additionals,flate,recordin,unparseable
+          # Non-English UI translations trip codespell on real foreign words
+          # (de: "Sie", "oder", "ist"). Only en/common.json is the source of
+          # truth that should be spell-checked. List each translated locale
+          # dir below and add new ones as languages are added under
+          # client/ui/i18n/locales/. Single-star globs are matched per path
+          # segment by codespell and behave the same across versions; the
+          # recursive "**" form did not take effect with the codespell shipped
+          # by this action.
+          skip: go.mod,go.sum,*/proxy/web/*,*pnpm-lock.yaml,*package-lock.json,*/locales/de/*,*/locales/es/*,*/locales/fr/*,*/locales/hu/*,*/locales/it/*,*/locales/pt/*,*/locales/ru/*,*/locales/zh-CN/*,*/i18n/TRANSLATING.md
   golangci:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -35,27 +45,38 @@ jobs:
             display_name: Linux
     name: ${{ matrix.display_name }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 15
+    timeout-minutes: 25
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Check for duplicate constants
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
         run: |
           ! awk '/const \(/,/)/{print $0}' management/server/activity/codes.go | grep -o '= [0-9]*' | sort | uniq -d | grep .
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
       - name: Install dependencies
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev libpcap-dev
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-4-dev libwebkitgtk-6.0-dev libsoup-3.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev libpcap-dev
+      - name: Stub Wails frontend bundle
+        # client/ui/main.go has //go:embed all:frontend/dist. The
+        # directory is produced by `pnpm run build` and is gitignored, so
+        # lint-only runs (no frontend toolchain) need a placeholder file
+        # for the embed pattern to match.
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p client/ui/frontend/dist
+          touch client/ui/frontend/dist/.embed-placeholder
       - name: golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@4afd733a84b1f43292c63897423277bb7f4313a9 # v8.0.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@82606bf257cbaff209d206a39f5134f0cfbfd2ee #v9.2.1
         with:
           version: latest
           skip-cache: true
           skip-save-cache: true
           cache-invalidation-interval: 0
-          args: --timeout=12m
+          args: --timeout=20m
diff --git a/.github/workflows/install-script-test.yml b/.github/workflows/install-script-test.yml
index 22d002a48..61709501c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/install-script-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/install-script-test.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+      - "release-*"
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - "release_files/install.sh"
@@ -22,7 +23,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: run install script
         env:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/mobile-build-validation.yml b/.github/workflows/mobile-build-validation.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 8325fbf2d..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/mobile-build-validation.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-name: Mobile
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-  pull_request:
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  android_build:
-    name: "Android / Build"
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version-file: "go.mod"
-      - name: Setup Android SDK
-        uses: android-actions/setup-android@v3
-        with:
-          cmdline-tools-version: 8512546
-      - name: Setup Java
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
-        with:
-          java-version: "11"
-          distribution: "adopt"
-      - name: NDK Cache
-        id: ndk-cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/ndk
-          key: ndk-cache-23.1.7779620
-      - name: Setup NDK
-        run: /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/cmdline-tools/7.0/bin/sdkmanager --install "ndk;23.1.7779620"
-      - name: install gomobile
-        run: go install golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.0.0-20251113184115-a159579294ab
-      - name: gomobile init
-        run: gomobile init
-      - name: build android netbird lib
-        run: PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH) gomobile bind -o $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/netbird.aar -javapkg=io.netbird.gomobile -ldflags="-checklinkname=0 -X golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/ipc.socketDirectory=/data/data/io.netbird.client/cache/wireguard -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version=buildtest"  $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/client/android
-        env:
-          CGO_ENABLED: 0
-          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: /usr/local/lib/android/sdk/ndk/23.1.7779620
-  ios_build:
-    name: "iOS / Build"
-    runs-on: macos-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version-file: "go.mod"
-      - name: install gomobile
-        run: go install golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.0.0-20251113184115-a159579294ab
-      - name: gomobile init
-        run: gomobile init
-      - name: build iOS netbird lib
-        run: PATH=$PATH:$(go env GOPATH) gomobile bind -target=ios -bundleid=io.netbird.framework -ldflags="-X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version=buildtest" -o ./NetBirdSDK.xcframework ./client/ios/NetBirdSDK
-        env:
-          CGO_ENABLED: 0
diff --git a/.github/workflows/no-new-replace.yml b/.github/workflows/no-new-replace.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b906ce450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/no-new-replace.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+name: No New Replace Directives
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "go.mod"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  check-replace-directives:
+    name: check-replace-directives
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+
+      - name: Compare replace directives against the base branch
+        env:
+          BASE_SHA: ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          # A replace directive only applies when this module is the main
+          # module. Anything importing netbird as a library, the embedded
+          # clients among them, resolves the replaced path upstream instead and
+          # fails to build against whatever the replacement provides. Requiring
+          # a fork under its own module path avoids that; a replace does not.
+          #
+          # go.mod is parsed rather than diffed so that reordering, comments and
+          # single-line versus block syntax do not register as changes.
+          #
+          # Versions are part of the key because a replace can be scoped to one
+          # version of a module. Keyed on paths alone, retargeting such a
+          # directive at a different version would read as unchanged.
+          list_replaces() {
+            go mod edit -json "$1" \
+              | jq -r '
+                  def ref: .Path + (if (.Version // "") == "" then "" else " " + .Version end);
+                  (.Replace // [])[] | "\(.Old | ref) => \(.New | ref)"
+                ' \
+              | sort
+          }
+
+          git show "${BASE_SHA}:go.mod" > /tmp/base-go.mod
+          list_replaces /tmp/base-go.mod > /tmp/base-replaces
+          list_replaces go.mod > /tmp/head-replaces
+
+          added=$(comm -13 /tmp/base-replaces /tmp/head-replaces)
+          if [ -n "$added" ]; then
+            echo "::error::This PR adds a replace directive to go.mod:"
+            echo "$added" | sed 's/^/  /'
+            echo ""
+            echo "A replace directive applies only to the main module, so it does not"
+            echo "reach anything that imports netbird as a library. Require the module"
+            echo "under a path you control instead, as done for github.com/netbirdio/go-nat."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          removed=$(comm -23 /tmp/base-replaces /tmp/head-replaces)
+          if [ -n "$removed" ]; then
+            echo "This PR removes replace directives:"
+            echo "$removed" | sed 's/^/  /'
+          fi
+          echo "No new replace directives."
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
index a2e6ce219..24d81b50f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml
@@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Validate PR title prefix
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             const title = context.payload.pull_request.title;
             const allowedTags = [
               'management',
               'client',
+              'android',
+              'ios',
               'signal',
               'proxy',
               'relay',
diff --git a/.github/workflows/proto-version-check.yml b/.github/workflows/proto-version-check.yml
index ea300419d..fd2c2c908 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/proto-version-check.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/proto-version-check.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Check for proto tool version changes
-        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
         with:
           script: |
             const files = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.listFiles, {
@@ -20,34 +20,83 @@ jobs:
               per_page: 100,
             });
 
-            const pbFiles = files.filter(f => f.filename.endsWith('.pb.go'));
-            const missingPatch = pbFiles.filter(f => !f.patch).map(f => f.filename);
-            if (missingPatch.length > 0) {
-              core.setFailed(
-                `Cannot inspect patch data for:\n` +
-                missingPatch.map(f => `- ${f}`).join('\n') +
-                `\nThis can happen with very large PRs. Verify proto versions manually.`
-              );
+            // Cover renamed .pb.go files in addition to plain edits.
+            // Renamed entries land under the new path with previous_filename
+            // pointing at the base-side name, so we read the base content
+            // from the old path when present.
+            const changedPbFiles = files
+              .filter(f => (f.status === 'modified' || f.status === 'renamed')
+                && f.filename.endsWith('.pb.go'))
+              .map(f => ({
+                headPath: f.filename,
+                basePath: f.previous_filename || f.filename,
+              }));
+            if (changedPbFiles.length === 0) {
+              console.log('No modified or renamed .pb.go files to check');
               return;
             }
-            const versionPattern = /^[+-]\s*\/\/\s+protoc(?:-gen-go)?\s+v[\d.]+/;
-            const violations = [];
 
-            for (const file of pbFiles) {
-              const changed = file.patch
-                .split('\n')
-                .filter(line => versionPattern.test(line));
-              if (changed.length > 0) {
+            // Matches the generator version headers protoc writes at the top
+            // of generated files:
+            //   //   protoc           v3.21.12
+            //   //   protoc-gen-go    v1.26.0
+            //   // - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.6.1   (grpc files prefix with "- ")
+            // The optional "- " prefix and the optional -gen-go / -gen-go-grpc
+            // suffixes keep the *_grpc.pb.go headers in scope.
+            const versionPattern = /^\s*\/\/\s+(?:-\s+)?protoc(?:-gen-go(?:-grpc)?)?\s+v[\d.]+/;
+            const baseSha = context.payload.pull_request.base.sha;
+            const headSha = context.payload.pull_request.head.sha;
+
+            async function getVersionHeader(path, ref) {
+              try {
+                const res = await github.rest.repos.getContent({
+                  owner: context.repo.owner,
+                  repo: context.repo.repo,
+                  path,
+                  ref,
+                });
+                if (!res.data.content) {
+                  return { ok: false, reason: 'no inline content (file too large)' };
+                }
+                const content = Buffer.from(res.data.content, 'base64').toString('utf8');
+                const lines = content
+                  .split('\n')
+                  .slice(0, 20)
+                  .filter(line => versionPattern.test(line));
+                return { ok: true, lines };
+              } catch (e) {
+                return { ok: false, reason: e.message };
+              }
+            }
+
+            const violations = [];
+            for (const file of changedPbFiles) {
+              const [base, head] = await Promise.all([
+                getVersionHeader(file.basePath, baseSha),
+                getVersionHeader(file.headPath, headSha),
+              ]);
+              if (!base.ok || !head.ok) {
+                core.warning(
+                  `Skipping ${file.headPath}: base=${base.ok ? 'ok' : base.reason}, head=${head.ok ? 'ok' : head.reason}`
+                );
+                continue;
+              }
+              if (base.lines.join('\n') !== head.lines.join('\n')) {
                 violations.push({
-                  file: file.filename,
-                  lines: changed,
+                  file: file.basePath === file.headPath
+                    ? file.headPath
+                    : `${file.basePath} → ${file.headPath}`,
+                  base: base.lines,
+                  head: head.lines,
                 });
               }
             }
 
             if (violations.length > 0) {
               const details = violations.map(v =>
-                `${v.file}:\n${v.lines.map(l => '  ' + l).join('\n')}`
+                `${v.file}:\n` +
+                `  base:\n${v.base.map(l => '    ' + l).join('\n') || '    (none)'}\n` +
+                `  head:\n${v.head.map(l => '    ' + l).join('\n') || '    (none)'}`
               ).join('\n\n');
 
               core.setFailed(
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 5ada1033d..c1bbe9c44 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@ on:
       - "v*"
     branches:
       - main
+      - "release-*"
   pull_request:
 
 env:
-  SIGN_PIPE_VER: "v0.1.2"
-  GORELEASER_VER: "v2.14.3"
+  SIGN_PIPE_VER: "v0.1.8"
+  GORELEASER_VER: "v2.16.0"
   PRODUCT_NAME: "NetBird"
   COPYRIGHT: "NetBird GmbH"
+  flags: ""
+  SKIP_PUBLISH: "true"
+  SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH: "false"
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
@@ -24,13 +28,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Generate FreeBSD port diff
-        run: bash release_files/freebsd-port-diff.sh
+        run: bash -x release_files/freebsd-port-diff.sh
 
       - name: Generate FreeBSD port issue body
-        run: bash release_files/freebsd-port-issue-body.sh
+        run: bash -x release_files/freebsd-port-issue-body.sh
 
       - name: Check if diff was generated
         id: check_diff
@@ -51,19 +57,26 @@ jobs:
           echo "Generated files for version: $VERSION"
           cat netbird-*.diff
 
+      - name: Read Go version from go.mod
+        id: goversion
+        run: echo "version=$(awk '/^go / {print $2}' go.mod)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
       - name: Test FreeBSD port
         if: steps.check_diff.outputs.diff_exists == 'true'
-        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@v1
+        env:
+          GO_VERSION: ${{ steps.goversion.outputs.version }}
+        uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@b84ab5559b5a1bb4b8ee2737d2506a16e1737636 # v1.4.8
         with:
           usesh: true
           copyback: false
           release: "15.0"
+          envs: "GO_VERSION"
           prepare: |
             # Install required packages
-            pkg install -y git curl portlint go
+            pkg install -y git curl portlint
 
             # Install Go for building
-            GO_TARBALL="go1.25.5.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
+            GO_TARBALL="go${GO_VERSION}.freebsd-amd64.tar.gz"
             GO_URL="https://go.dev/dl/$GO_TARBALL"
             curl -LO "$GO_URL"
             tar -C /usr/local -xzf "$GO_TARBALL"
@@ -93,19 +106,19 @@ jobs:
 
             # Show patched Makefile
             version=$(cat security/netbird/Makefile | grep -E '^DISTVERSION=' | awk '{print $NF}')
-            
+
             cd /usr/ports/security/netbird
             export BATCH=yes
             make package
             pkg add ./work/pkg/netbird-*.pkg
-            
+
             netbird version | grep "$version"
 
             echo "FreeBSD port test completed successfully!"
 
       - name: Upload FreeBSD port files
         if: steps.check_diff.outputs.diff_exists == 'true'
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: freebsd-port-files
           path: |
@@ -114,30 +127,52 @@ jobs:
           retention-days: 30
 
   release:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest-m
-    env:
-      flags: ""
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-8-core
+    outputs:
+      release_artifact_url: ${{ steps.upload_release.outputs.artifact-url }}
+      linux_packages_artifact_url: ${{ steps.upload_linux_packages.outputs.artifact-url }}
+      windows_packages_artifact_url: ${{ steps.upload_windows_packages.outputs.artifact-url }}
+      macos_packages_artifact_url: ${{ steps.upload_macos_packages.outputs.artifact-url }}
+      ghcr_images: ${{ steps.tag_and_push_images.outputs.images_markdown }}
     steps:
-      - name: Parse semver string
-        id: semver_parser
-        uses: booxmedialtd/ws-action-parse-semver@v1
-        with:
-          input_string: ${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && github.ref) || 'refs/tags/v0.0.0' }}
-          version_extractor_regex: '\/v(.*)$'
-
-      - if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
-        run: echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0 # It is required for GoReleaser to work properly
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Parse semver string
+        id: semver_parser
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/parse-semver@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
+
+      - name: Set snapshot flag
+        if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+        run: | 
+          echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Set build vars
+        if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ "x-${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.prerelease }}" == "x-" && "x-${{ github.repository }}" == "x-netbirdio/netbird" ]]; then
+            echo "x-${{ github.repository }}" 
+            echo "x-${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.prerelease }}"
+            echo "SKIP_PUBLISH=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          else
+            echo "x-${{ github.repository }}" 
+            echo "x-${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.prerelease }}"
+          fi
+          
+          if [[ "x-${{ github.repository }}" != "x-netbirdio/netbird" ]]; then
+            echo "SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH=true" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          fi
+
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ~/go/pkg/mod
@@ -147,21 +182,23 @@ jobs:
             ${{ runner.os }}-go-releaser-
       - name: Install modules
         run: go mod tidy
+      - name: run openapi generator
+        run: bash shared/management/http/api/generate.sh
       - name: check git status
         run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
       - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@06116385d9baf250c9f4dcb4858b16962ea869c3 #v4.1.0
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@d7f5e7f509e45cec5c76c4d5afdd7de93d0b3df5 #v4.1.0
       - name: Login to Docker hub
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
-        uses: docker/login-action@v1
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_TOKEN }}
       - name: Log in to the GitHub container registry
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@650006c6eb7dba73a995cc03b0b2d7f5ca915bee # v4.2.0
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{ github.actor }}
@@ -178,14 +215,14 @@ jobs:
           echo "GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE=/tmp/gpg-rpm-signing-key.asc" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Install goversioninfo
-        run: go install github.com/josephspurrier/goversioninfo/cmd/goversioninfo@233067e
+        run: go install github.com/josephspurrier/goversioninfo/cmd/goversioninfo@b66839b # v1.7.0
       - name: Generate windows syso amd64
-        run: goversioninfo  -icon client/ui/assets/netbird.ico -manifest client/manifest.xml -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }} -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/resources_windows_amd64.syso
+        run: goversioninfo  -icon client/ui/build/windows/icon.ico -manifest client/manifest.xml -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }} -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/resources_windows_amd64.syso
       - name: Generate windows syso arm64
-        run: goversioninfo -arm -64 -icon client/ui/assets/netbird.ico -manifest client/manifest.xml -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }} -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/resources_windows_arm64.syso
+        run: goversioninfo -arm -64 -icon client/ui/build/windows/icon.ico -manifest client/manifest.xml -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }} -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/resources_windows_arm64.syso
       - name: Run GoReleaser
         id: goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v4
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@5daf1e915a5f0af01ddbcd89a43b8061ff4f1a89 # v7.2.2
         with:
           version: ${{ env.GORELEASER_VER }}
           args: release --clean ${{ env.flags }}
@@ -196,6 +233,8 @@ jobs:
           UPLOAD_YUM_SECRET: ${{ secrets.PKG_UPLOAD_SECRET }}
           GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE: ${{ env.GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE }}
           NFPM_NETBIRD_RPM_PASSPHRASE: ${{ secrets.GPG_RPM_PASSPHRASE }}
+          SKIP_PUBLISH: ${{ env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}
+          SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH: ${{ env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}
       - name: Verify RPM signatures
         run: |
           docker run --rm -v $(pwd)/dist:/dist fedora:41 bash -c '
@@ -213,18 +252,40 @@ jobs:
         if: always()
         run: rm -f /tmp/gpg-rpm-signing-key.asc
       - name: Tag and push images (amd64 only)
+        id: tag_and_push_images
         if: |
           (github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository) ||
-          (github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main')
+          (github.event_name == 'push' && (github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' || startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/heads/release-')))
         run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          # $GITHUB_REF / $GITHUB_EVENT_NAME are read from the runner
+          # environment rather than substituted into this script with the
+          # workflow expression syntax: branch names may legally contain
+          # $(…), and interpolating github.ref would execute it.
           resolve_tags() {
-            if [[ "${{ github.event_name }}" == "pull_request" ]]; then
+            if [[ "$GITHUB_EVENT_NAME" == "pull_request" ]]; then
               echo "pr-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}"
-            else
+            elif [[ "$GITHUB_REF" == "refs/heads/main" ]]; then
               echo "main sha-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+            else
+              # Release branches get an immutable sha-* tag only — the floating
+              # "main" tag must never move from a release branch.
+              echo "sha-$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
             fi
           }
 
+          ghcr_package_url() {
+            local image="$1" package encoded_package
+            package="${image#ghcr.io/}"
+            package="${package#*/}"
+            package="${package%%:*}"
+            encoded_package="${package//\//%2F}"
+            echo "https://github.com/orgs/netbirdio/packages/container/package/${encoded_package}"
+          }
+
+          image_refs=()
+
           tag_and_push() {
             local src="$1" img_name tag dst
             img_name="${src%%:*}"
@@ -233,36 +294,60 @@ jobs:
               echo "Tagging ${src} -> ${dst}"
               docker tag "$src" "$dst"
               docker push "$dst"
+              image_refs+=("$dst")
             done
           }
 
-          export -f tag_and_push resolve_tags
+          cat > /tmp/goreleaser-artifacts.json <<'JSON'
+          ${{ steps.goreleaser.outputs.artifacts }}
+          JSON
 
-          echo '${{ steps.goreleaser.outputs.artifacts }}' | \
-            jq -r '.[] | select(.type == "Docker Image") | select(.goarch == "amd64") | .name' | \
-            grep '^ghcr.io/' | while read -r SRC; do
-              tag_and_push "$SRC"
-            done
+          # dockers_v2 artifacts have no top-level goarch field, so match the
+          # per-platform -amd64 tag suffix instead; it works for both the old
+          # dockers and the new dockers_v2 image naming.
+          mapfile -t src_images < <(
+            jq -r '.[] | select(.type == "Docker Image") | .name | select(startswith("ghcr.io/") and endswith("-amd64"))' /tmp/goreleaser-artifacts.json
+          )
+
+          for src in "${src_images[@]}"; do
+            tag_and_push "$src"
+          done
+
+          {
+            echo "images_markdown<<EOF"
+            if [[ ${#image_refs[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+              echo "_No GHCR images were pushed._"
+            else
+              printf '%s\n' "${image_refs[@]}" | sort -u | while read -r image; do
+                printf -- '- [`%s`](%s)\n' "$image" "$(ghcr_package_url "$image")"
+              done
+            fi
+            echo "EOF"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - name: upload non tags for debug purposes
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        id: upload_release
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: release
           path: dist/
           retention-days: 7
       - name: upload linux packages
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        id: upload_linux_packages
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: linux-packages
           path: dist/netbird_linux**
           retention-days: 7
       - name: upload windows packages
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        id: upload_windows_packages
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: windows-packages
           path: dist/netbird_windows**
           retention-days: 7
       - name: upload macos packages
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        id: upload_macos_packages
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: macos-packages
           path: dist/netbird_darwin**
@@ -270,28 +355,43 @@ jobs:
 
   release_ui:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      release_ui_artifact_url: ${{ steps.upload_release_ui.outputs.artifact-url }}
     steps:
-      - name: Parse semver string
-        id: semver_parser
-        uses: booxmedialtd/ws-action-parse-semver@v1
-        with:
-          input_string: ${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && github.ref) || 'refs/tags/v0.0.0' }}
-          version_extractor_regex: '\/v(.*)$'
-
-      - if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
-        run: echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0 # It is required for GoReleaser to work properly
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Parse semver string
+        id: semver_parser
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/parse-semver@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
+
+      - name: Set snapshot flag
+        if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+        run: |
+          echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Set build vars
+        if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ "x-${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.prerelease }}" == "x-" && "x-${{ github.repository }}" == "x-netbirdio/netbird" ]]; then
+            echo "x-${{ github.repository }}" 
+            echo "x-${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.prerelease }}"
+            echo "SKIP_PUBLISH=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          else
+            echo "x-${{ github.repository }}" 
+            echo "x-${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.prerelease }}"
+          fi
 
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ~/go/pkg/mod
@@ -306,8 +406,18 @@ jobs:
       - name: check git status
         run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
 
+      - name: Set up Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: '22'
+
+      - name: Set up pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@a3252b78c470c02df07e9d59298aecedc3ccdd6d # v3.0.0
+        with:
+          version: 11
+
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libappindicator3-dev gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1 libxxf86vm-dev gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-4-dev libwebkitgtk-6.0-dev libsoup-3.0-dev gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64
 
       - name: Decode GPG signing key
         if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
@@ -325,14 +435,20 @@ jobs:
           tar -xf llvm-mingw-20250709-ucrt-ubuntu-22.04-x86_64.tar.xz
           echo "/tmp/llvm-mingw-20250709-ucrt-ubuntu-22.04-x86_64/bin" >> $GITHUB_PATH
       - name: Install goversioninfo
-        run: go install github.com/josephspurrier/goversioninfo/cmd/goversioninfo@233067e
+        run: go install github.com/josephspurrier/goversioninfo/cmd/goversioninfo@b66839b # v1.7.0
+      - name: Install wails3 CLI
+        # Version derived from go.mod so the binding generator always matches
+        # the wails runtime the binary links against.
+        run: |
+          WAILS_VERSION=$(go list -m -f '{{.Version}}' github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3)
+          go install github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/cmd/wails3@$WAILS_VERSION
       - name: Generate windows syso amd64
-        run: goversioninfo -64 -icon client/ui/assets/netbird.ico -manifest client/ui/manifest.xml -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }}-"UI" -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/ui/resources_windows_amd64.syso
+        run: goversioninfo -64 -icon client/ui/build/windows/icon.ico -manifest client/ui/build/windows/wails.exe.manifest -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }}-"UI" -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/ui/resources_windows_amd64.syso
       - name: Generate windows syso arm64
-        run: goversioninfo -arm -64 -icon client/ui/assets/netbird.ico -manifest client/ui/manifest.xml -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }}-"UI" -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/ui/resources_windows_arm64.syso
+        run: goversioninfo -arm -64 -icon client/ui/build/windows/icon.ico -manifest client/ui/build/windows/wails.exe.manifest -product-name ${{ env.PRODUCT_NAME }}-"UI" -copyright "${{ env.COPYRIGHT }}" -ver-major ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }} -ver-minor ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }} -ver-patch ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }} -ver-build 0 -file-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -product-version ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}.0 -o client/ui/resources_windows_arm64.syso
 
       - name: Run GoReleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v4
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@5daf1e915a5f0af01ddbcd89a43b8061ff4f1a89 # v7.2.2
         with:
           version: ${{ env.GORELEASER_VER }}
           args: release --config .goreleaser_ui.yaml --clean ${{ env.flags }}
@@ -343,6 +459,7 @@ jobs:
           UPLOAD_YUM_SECRET: ${{ secrets.PKG_UPLOAD_SECRET }}
           GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE: ${{ env.GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE }}
           NFPM_NETBIRD_UI_RPM_PASSPHRASE: ${{ secrets.GPG_RPM_PASSPHRASE }}
+          SKIP_PUBLISH: ${{ env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}
       - name: Verify RPM signatures
         run: |
           docker run --rm -v $(pwd)/dist:/dist fedora:41 bash -c '
@@ -360,28 +477,158 @@ jobs:
         if: always()
         run: rm -f /tmp/gpg-rpm-signing-key.asc
       - name: upload non tags for debug purposes
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        id: upload_release_ui
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: release-ui
           path: dist/
           retention-days: 3
 
-  release_ui_darwin:
-    runs-on: macos-latest
+  release_ui_gtk3:
+    # Legacy GTK3/WebKit2GTK 4.1 UI build for distros without WebKitGTK 6.0
+    # (Ubuntu 22.04, Debian 12, RHEL 9, Fedora <=39). Runs on ubuntu-22.04 so
+    # the binary links against the oldest supported glibc.
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    outputs:
+      release_ui_gtk3_artifact_url: ${{ steps.upload_release_ui_gtk3.outputs.artifact-url }}
     steps:
-      - if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
-        run: echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0 # It is required for GoReleaser to work properly
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Parse semver string
+        id: semver_parser
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/parse-semver@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
+
+      - name: Set snapshot flag
+        if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+        run: |
+          echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Set build vars
+        if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+        run: |
+          if [[ "x-${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.prerelease }}" == "x-" && "x-${{ github.repository }}" == "x-netbirdio/netbird" ]]; then
+            echo "x-${{ github.repository }}"
+            echo "x-${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.prerelease }}"
+            echo "SKIP_PUBLISH=false" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          else
+            echo "x-${{ github.repository }}"
+            echo "x-${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.prerelease }}"
+          fi
+
       - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
           cache: false
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        # Restore-only from the release_ui cache written by trusted runs; the
+        # module cache is identical (same go.sum) and stale build-cache
+        # entries just miss.
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/go/pkg/mod
+            ~/.cache/go-build
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-ui-go-releaser-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-ui-go-releaser-
+
+      - name: Install modules
+        run: go mod tidy
+
+      - name: check git status
+        run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
+
+      - name: Set up Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4
+        with:
+          node-version: '22'
+
+      - name: Set up pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@a3252b78c470c02df07e9d59298aecedc3ccdd6d # v3.0.0
+        with:
+          version: 11
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev
+
+      - name: Decode GPG signing key
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository
+        env:
+          GPG_RPM_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_RPM_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+        run: |
+          echo "$GPG_RPM_PRIVATE_KEY" | base64 -d > /tmp/gpg-rpm-signing-key.asc
+          echo "GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE=/tmp/gpg-rpm-signing-key.asc" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Install wails3 CLI
+        # Version derived from go.mod so the binding generator always matches
+        # the wails runtime the binary links against.
+        # -tags gtk3: the CLI links the wails runtime's cgo packages, and the
+        # default tags request gtk4/webkitgtk-6.0 pkg-config entries that do
+        # not exist on ubuntu-22.04.
+        run: |
+          WAILS_VERSION=$(go list -m -f '{{.Version}}' github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3)
+          go install -tags gtk3 github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/cmd/wails3@$WAILS_VERSION
+
+      - name: Run GoReleaser
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@5daf1e915a5f0af01ddbcd89a43b8061ff4f1a89 # v7.2.2
+        with:
+          version: ${{ env.GORELEASER_VER }}
+          args: release --config .goreleaser_ui_gtk3.yaml --clean ${{ env.flags }}
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          UPLOAD_DEBIAN_SECRET: ${{ secrets.PKG_UPLOAD_SECRET }}
+          UPLOAD_YUM_SECRET: ${{ secrets.PKG_UPLOAD_SECRET }}
+          GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE: ${{ env.GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE }}
+          NFPM_NETBIRD_UI_RPM_GTK3_PASSPHRASE: ${{ secrets.GPG_RPM_PASSPHRASE }}
+          SKIP_PUBLISH: ${{ env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}
+      - name: Verify RPM signatures
+        run: |
+          docker run --rm -v $(pwd)/dist:/dist fedora:41 bash -c '
+            dnf install -y -q rpm-sign curl >/dev/null 2>&1
+            curl -sSL https://pkgs.netbird.io/yum/repodata/repomd.xml.key -o /tmp/rpm-pub.key
+            rpm --import /tmp/rpm-pub.key
+            echo "=== Verifying RPM signatures ==="
+            for rpm_file in /dist/*.rpm; do
+              [ -f "$rpm_file" ] || continue
+              echo "--- $(basename $rpm_file) ---"
+              rpm -K "$rpm_file"
+            done
+          '
+      - name: Clean up GPG key
+        if: always()
+        run: rm -f /tmp/gpg-rpm-signing-key.asc
+      - name: upload non tags for debug purposes
+        id: upload_release_ui_gtk3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: release-ui-gtk3
+          path: dist/
+          retention-days: 3
+
+  release_ui_darwin:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    outputs:
+      release_ui_darwin_artifact_url: ${{ steps.upload_release_ui_darwin.outputs.artifact-url }}
+    steps:
+      - if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
+        run: echo "flags=--snapshot" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0 # It is required for GoReleaser to work properly
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
+        with:
+          go-version-file: "go.mod"
+          cache: false
+      - name: Cache Go modules
+        uses: actions/cache@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: |
             ~/go/pkg/mod
@@ -393,28 +640,293 @@ jobs:
         run: go mod tidy
       - name: check git status
         run: git --no-pager diff --exit-code
+      - name: Set up Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: '22'
+      - name: Set up pnpm
+        uses: pnpm/action-setup@a3252b78c470c02df07e9d59298aecedc3ccdd6d # v3.0.0
+        with:
+          version: 11
+      - name: Install wails3 CLI
+        # Version derived from go.mod so the binding generator always matches
+        # the wails runtime the binary links against.
+        run: |
+          WAILS_VERSION=$(go list -m -f '{{.Version}}' github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3)
+          go install github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/cmd/wails3@$WAILS_VERSION
       - name: Run GoReleaser
         id: goreleaser
-        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@v4
+        uses: goreleaser/goreleaser-action@5daf1e915a5f0af01ddbcd89a43b8061ff4f1a89 # v7.2.2
         with:
           version: ${{ env.GORELEASER_VER }}
           args: release --config .goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml --clean ${{ env.flags }}
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: upload non tags for debug purposes
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        id: upload_release_ui_darwin
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
         with:
           name: release-ui-darwin
           path: dist/
           retention-days: 3
 
+  test_windows_installer:
+    name: "Windows Installer / Build Test"
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    needs: [release, release_ui]
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - arch: amd64
+            wintun_arch: amd64
+          - arch: arm64
+            wintun_arch: arm64
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: powershell
+    env:
+      PackageWorkdir: netbird_windows_${{ matrix.arch }}
+      downloadPath: '${{ github.workspace }}\temp'
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Parse semver string
+        id: semver_parser
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/parse-semver@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
+
+      - name: Add 7-Zip to PATH
+        run: echo "C:\Program Files\7-Zip" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+
+      - name: Download release artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: release
+          path: release
+
+      - name: Download UI release artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
+        with:
+          name: release-ui
+          path: release-ui
+
+      - name: Stage binaries into dist
+        run: |
+          $workdir = "dist\${{ env.PackageWorkdir }}"
+          New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $workdir | Out-Null
+          $client = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path release -Filter "netbird_*_windows_${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.gz" | Select-Object -First 1
+          $ui = Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Path release-ui -Filter "netbird-ui-windows_*_windows_${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.gz" | Select-Object -First 1
+          if (-not $client) { Write-Host "::error::client tarball not found for ${{ matrix.arch }}"; exit 1 }
+          if (-not $ui) { Write-Host "::error::ui tarball not found for ${{ matrix.arch }}"; exit 1 }
+          Write-Host "Client: $($client.FullName)"
+          Write-Host "UI:     $($ui.FullName)"
+          tar -zvxf $client.FullName -C $workdir
+          tar -zvxf $ui.FullName -C $workdir
+          Get-ChildItem $workdir
+
+      - name: Download wintun
+        id: download-wintun
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/win-download-and-verify@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
+        with:
+          url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/wintun/wintun-0.14.1.zip
+          destination: ${{ env.downloadPath }}\wintun.zip
+          sha256: 07c256185d6ee3652e09fa55c0b673e2624b565e02c4b9091c79ca7d2f24ef51
+
+      - name: Decompress wintun files
+        run: tar -xvf "${{ env.downloadPath }}\wintun.zip" -C ${{ env.downloadPath }}
+
+      - name: Move wintun.dll into dist
+        run: mv ${{ env.downloadPath }}\wintun\bin\${{ matrix.wintun_arch }}\wintun.dll ${{ github.workspace }}\dist\${{ env.PackageWorkdir }}\
+
+      - name: Download EnVar plugin for NSIS
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/win-download-and-verify@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
+        with:
+          url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/nsis/EnVar_plugin.zip
+          destination: ${{ github.workspace }}\envar_plugin.zip
+          sha256: e9aa92de351345ed82795251d838f1ae9041ba35af9d381a5780c7843b01f56a
+
+      - name: Extract EnVar plugin
+        run: 7z x -o"${{ github.workspace }}/NSIS_Plugins" "${{ github.workspace }}/envar_plugin.zip"
+
+      - name: Download ShellExecAsUser plugin for NSIS (amd64 only)
+        if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        uses: netbirdio/shared-actions/actions/win-download-and-verify@be5df6047383da2236e02243cceb857d8567c27e # v0.0.2
+        with:
+          url: https://pkgs.netbird.io/nsis/ShellExecAsUser_amd64-Unicode.7z
+          destination: ${{ github.workspace }}\ShellExecAsUser_amd64-Unicode.7z
+          sha256: 0a55ea25c7330a92cec028eda8afcaf1b1a7092e0dfb77c21c8f654564b4ff9d
+
+      - name: Extract ShellExecAsUser plugin (amd64 only)
+        if: matrix.arch == 'amd64'
+        run: 7z x -o"${{ github.workspace }}/NSIS_Plugins" "${{ github.workspace }}/ShellExecAsUser_amd64-Unicode.7z"
+
+      - name: Set up Go for wails3 CLI
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version-file: "go.mod"
+          cache: false
+
+      - name: Install wails3 CLI
+        # Version derived from go.mod so the bootstrapper payload always
+        # matches the wails runtime the binary links against.
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          WAILS_VERSION=$(go list -m -f '{{.Version}}' github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3)
+          go install github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/cmd/wails3@$WAILS_VERSION
+
+      - name: Stage WebView2 bootstrapper for installers
+        # Both client/installer.nsis and client/netbird.wxs reference
+        # client/MicrosoftEdgeWebview2Setup.exe. wails3 writes it there.
+        # The signing pipeline (netbirdio/sign-pipelines) does the same
+        # step for release builds; this mirrors it for PR sanity testing.
+        shell: bash
+        run: wails3 generate webview2bootstrapper -dir client
+
+      - name: Build NSIS installer
+        shell: pwsh
+        env:
+          APPVER: ${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.major }}.${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.minor }}.${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.patch }}.${{ github.run_id }}
+        run: |
+          $nsisPluginDir = "C:\Program Files (x86)\NSIS\Plugins\x86-unicode"
+          $srcPlugins    = "${{ github.workspace }}\NSIS_Plugins\Plugins"
+          Get-ChildItem -Path $srcPlugins -Recurse -Filter *.dll |
+            Copy-Item -Destination $nsisPluginDir -Force
+          & "C:\Program Files (x86)\NSIS\makensis.exe" /V4 "/DARCH=${{ matrix.arch }}" client\installer.nsis
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "makensis failed with exit code $LASTEXITCODE" }
+
+      - name: Rename NSIS installer
+        run: mv netbird-installer.exe netbird_installer_test_windows_${{ matrix.arch }}.exe
+
+      - name: Install WiX
+        run: |
+          dotnet tool install --global wix --version 6.0.2
+          wix extension add WixToolset.Util.wixext/6.0.2
+
+      - name: Build MSI installer
+        env:
+          NETBIRD_VERSION: "${{ steps.semver_parser.outputs.fullversion }}"
+        run: wix build -arch ${{ matrix.arch == 'amd64' && 'x64' || 'arm64' }} -ext WixToolset.Util.wixext -o netbird_installer_test_windows_${{ matrix.arch }}.msi .\client\netbird.wxs -d ProcessorArchitecture=${{ matrix.arch == 'amd64' && 'x64' || 'arm64' }} -d ArchSuffix=${{ matrix.arch }}
+
+      - name: Upload installer artifacts
+        if: always()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a #v7.0.1
+        with:
+          name: windows-installer-test-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: |
+            netbird_installer_test_windows_${{ matrix.arch }}.exe
+            netbird_installer_test_windows_${{ matrix.arch }}.msi
+          retention-days: 3
+
+  comment_release_artifacts:
+    name: Comment release artifacts
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [release, release_ui, release_ui_gtk3, release_ui_darwin]
+    if: ${{ always() && github.event_name == 'pull_request' && github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name == github.repository }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Create or update PR comment
+        uses: actions/github-script@3a2844b7e9c422d3c10d287c895573f7108da1b3 # v9.0.0
+        env:
+          RELEASE_RESULT: ${{ needs.release.result }}
+          RELEASE_UI_RESULT: ${{ needs.release_ui.result }}
+          RELEASE_UI_GTK3_RESULT: ${{ needs.release_ui_gtk3.result }}
+          RELEASE_UI_DARWIN_RESULT: ${{ needs.release_ui_darwin.result }}
+          RELEASE_ARTIFACT_URL: ${{ needs.release.outputs.release_artifact_url }}
+          LINUX_PACKAGES_ARTIFACT_URL: ${{ needs.release.outputs.linux_packages_artifact_url }}
+          WINDOWS_PACKAGES_ARTIFACT_URL: ${{ needs.release.outputs.windows_packages_artifact_url }}
+          MACOS_PACKAGES_ARTIFACT_URL: ${{ needs.release.outputs.macos_packages_artifact_url }}
+          RELEASE_UI_ARTIFACT_URL: ${{ needs.release_ui.outputs.release_ui_artifact_url }}
+          RELEASE_UI_GTK3_ARTIFACT_URL: ${{ needs.release_ui_gtk3.outputs.release_ui_gtk3_artifact_url }}
+          RELEASE_UI_DARWIN_ARTIFACT_URL: ${{ needs.release_ui_darwin.outputs.release_ui_darwin_artifact_url }}
+          GHCR_IMAGES_MARKDOWN: ${{ needs.release.outputs.ghcr_images }}
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          script: |
+            const marker = '<!-- netbird-release-artifacts -->';
+            const { owner, repo } = context.repo;
+            const issue_number = context.payload.pull_request.number;
+            const runUrl = `${context.serverUrl}/${owner}/${repo}/actions/runs/${context.runId}`;
+            const shortSha = context.payload.pull_request.head.sha.slice(0, 7);
+
+            const artifactCell = (url, result) => {
+              if (url) return `[Download](${url})`;
+              return result && result !== 'success' ? `_Not available (${result})_` : '_Not available_';
+            };
+
+            const artifacts = [
+              ['All release artifacts', process.env.RELEASE_ARTIFACT_URL, process.env.RELEASE_RESULT],
+              ['Linux packages', process.env.LINUX_PACKAGES_ARTIFACT_URL, process.env.RELEASE_RESULT],
+              ['Windows packages', process.env.WINDOWS_PACKAGES_ARTIFACT_URL, process.env.RELEASE_RESULT],
+              ['macOS packages', process.env.MACOS_PACKAGES_ARTIFACT_URL, process.env.RELEASE_RESULT],
+              ['UI artifacts', process.env.RELEASE_UI_ARTIFACT_URL, process.env.RELEASE_UI_RESULT],
+              ['UI GTK3 artifacts', process.env.RELEASE_UI_GTK3_ARTIFACT_URL, process.env.RELEASE_UI_GTK3_RESULT],
+              ['UI macOS artifacts', process.env.RELEASE_UI_DARWIN_ARTIFACT_URL, process.env.RELEASE_UI_DARWIN_RESULT],
+            ];
+
+            const artifactRows = artifacts
+              .map(([name, url, result]) => `| ${name} | ${artifactCell(url, result)} |`)
+              .join('\n');
+
+            const ghcrImages = (process.env.GHCR_IMAGES_MARKDOWN || '').trim() || '_No GHCR images were pushed._';
+
+            const body = [
+              marker,
+              '## Release artifacts',
+              '',
+              `Built for PR head \`${shortSha}\` in [workflow run #${process.env.GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER}](${runUrl}).`,
+              '',
+              '| Artifact | Link |',
+              '| --- | --- |',
+              artifactRows,
+              '',
+              '### GHCR images (amd64)',
+              ghcrImages,
+              '',
+              '_This comment is updated by the Release workflow. Artifact links expire according to the workflow retention policy._',
+            ].join('\n');
+
+            const comments = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listComments, {
+              owner,
+              repo,
+              issue_number,
+              per_page: 100,
+            });
+
+            const previous = comments.find(comment =>
+              comment.user?.type === 'Bot' && comment.body?.includes(marker)
+            );
+
+            if (previous) {
+              await github.rest.issues.updateComment({
+                owner,
+                repo,
+                comment_id: previous.id,
+                body,
+              });
+              core.info(`Updated release artifacts comment ${previous.id}`);
+            } else {
+              const { data } = await github.rest.issues.createComment({
+                owner,
+                repo,
+                issue_number,
+                body,
+              });
+              core.info(`Created release artifacts comment ${data.id}`);
+            }
+
   trigger_signer:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: [release, release_ui, release_ui_darwin]
+    needs: [release, release_ui, release_ui_gtk3, release_ui_darwin, test_windows_installer]
     if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
     steps:
       - name: Trigger binaries sign pipelines
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@v1
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
           workflow: Sign bin and installer
           repo: netbirdio/sign-pipelines
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync-main.yml b/.github/workflows/sync-main.yml
index e36e35a2d..5805fcf57 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/sync-main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sync-main.yml
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Trigger main branch sync
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@v1
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
           workflow: sync-main.yml
           repo: ${{ secrets.UPSTREAM_REPO }}
           token: ${{ secrets.NC_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          inputs: '{ "sha": "${{ github.sha }}" }'
\ No newline at end of file
+          inputs: '{ "sha": "${{ github.sha }}" }'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sync-tag.yml b/.github/workflows/sync-tag.yml
index 1cc553b12..608f3c6d7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/sync-tag.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sync-tag.yml
@@ -3,21 +3,50 @@ name: sync tag
 on:
   push:
     tags:
-      - 'v*'
+      - "v*"
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+# The receiving bump-netbird workflows expect the short tag form
+# (e.g. v0.30.0), not refs/tags/v0.30.0 — github.ref_name, not github.ref.
 jobs:
-  trigger_sync_tag:
+  trigger_android_bump:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event.created && !github.event.deleted && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && !contains(github.ref_name, '-')
     steps:
-      - name: Trigger release tag sync
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@v1
+      - name: Trigger android-client submodule bump
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
-          workflow: sync-tag.yml
+          workflow: bump-netbird.yml
           ref: main
-          repo: ${{ secrets.UPSTREAM_REPO }}
+          repo: netbirdio/android-client
           token: ${{ secrets.NC_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref_name }}" }'
\ No newline at end of file
+          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref_name }}" }'
+
+  trigger_ios_bump:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event.created && !github.event.deleted && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && !contains(github.ref_name, '-')
+    steps:
+      - name: Trigger ios-client submodule bump
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
+        with:
+          workflow: bump-netbird.yml
+          ref: main
+          repo: netbirdio/ios-client
+          token: ${{ secrets.NC_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref_name }}" }'
+
+  trigger_dashboard_bump:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event.created && !github.event.deleted && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && !contains(github.ref_name, '-')
+    steps:
+      - name: Trigger dashboard wasm client bump
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
+        with:
+          workflow: bump-netbird.yml
+          ref: main
+          repo: netbirdio/dashboard
+          token: ${{ secrets.NC_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref_name }}" }'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml b/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml
index e2f950731..1313379ee 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+      - "release-*"
   pull_request:
     paths:
-      - 'infrastructure_files/**'
-      - '.github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml'
-      - 'management/cmd/**'
-      - 'signal/cmd/**'
+      - "infrastructure_files/**"
+      - ".github/workflows/test-infrastructure-files.yml"
+      - "management/cmd/**"
+      - "signal/cmd/**"
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        store: [ 'sqlite', 'postgres', 'mysql' ]
+        store: ["sqlite", "postgres", "mysql"]
     services:
       postgres:
         image: ${{ (matrix.store == 'postgres') && 'postgres' || '' }}
@@ -68,15 +69,17 @@ jobs:
         run: sudo apt-get install -y curl
 
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
 
       - name: Cache Go modules
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@2c8a9bd7457de244a408f35966fab2fb45fda9c8 # v6.0.0
         with:
           path: ~/go/pkg/mod
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
@@ -139,8 +142,8 @@ jobs:
           CI_NETBIRD_IDP_MGMT_CLIENT_SECRET: testing.client.secret
           CI_NETBIRD_SIGNAL_PORT: 12345
           CI_NETBIRD_STORE_CONFIG_ENGINE: ${{ matrix.store }}
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN: '${{ env.NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN }}$'
-          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN: '${{ env.NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN }}$'
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN: "${{ env.NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN }}$"
+          NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN: "${{ env.NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN }}$"
           CI_NETBIRD_MGMT_IDP_SIGNKEY_REFRESH: false
           CI_NETBIRD_TURN_EXTERNAL_IP: "1.2.3.4"
           CI_NETBIRD_MGMT_DISABLE_DEFAULT_POLICY: false
@@ -205,7 +208,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build management docker image
         working-directory: management
         run: |
-          docker build -t netbirdio/management:latest .
+          docker build -t netbirdio/management:latest --build-arg TARGETPLATFORM=. .
 
       - name: Build signal binary
         working-directory: signal
@@ -214,7 +217,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build signal docker image
         working-directory: signal
         run: |
-          docker build -t netbirdio/signal:latest .
+          docker build -t netbirdio/signal:latest --build-arg TARGETPLATFORM=. .
 
       - name: Build relay binary
         working-directory: relay
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build relay docker image
         working-directory: relay
         run: |
-          docker build -t netbirdio/relay:latest .
+          docker build -t netbirdio/relay:latest --build-arg TARGETPLATFORM=. .
 
       - name: run docker compose up
         working-directory: infrastructure_files/artifacts
@@ -247,76 +250,44 @@ jobs:
           docker compose exec management ls -l /var/lib/netbird/ | grep -i GeoLite2-City_[0-9]*.mmdb
           docker compose exec management ls -l /var/lib/netbird/ | grep -i geonames_[0-9]*.db
 
-  test-getting-started-script:
+  test-legacy-getting-started-scripts:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Install jq
-        run: sudo apt-get install -y jq
-
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
 
-      - name: run script with Zitadel PostgreSQL
-        run: NETBIRD_DOMAIN=use-ip bash -x infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
-
-      - name: test Caddy file gen postgres
-        run: test -f Caddyfile
-
-      - name: test docker-compose file gen postgres
-        run: test -f docker-compose.yml
-
-      - name: test management.json file gen postgres
-        run: test -f management.json
-
-      - name: test turnserver.conf file gen postgres
+      - name: Verify fresh-install session cookie key hardening
         run: |
-          set -x
-          test -f turnserver.conf
-          grep external-ip turnserver.conf
+          grep -Fxq '  SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 32)' infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh
+          grep -Fxq '    sessionCookieEncryptionKey: "$SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY"' infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh
+          grep -Fxq '  install -m 600 /dev/null config.yaml' infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh
+          grep -Fxq '  openssl rand -base64 32' infrastructure_files/getting-started-enterprise.sh
+          grep -Fxq '  NETBIRD_SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(rand_b64_key)' infrastructure_files/getting-started-enterprise.sh
+          grep -Fxq '    sessionCookieEncryptionKey: "${NETBIRD_SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY}"' infrastructure_files/getting-started-enterprise.sh
 
-      - name: test zitadel.env file gen postgres
-        run: test -f zitadel.env
-
-      - name: test dashboard.env file gen postgres
-        run: test -f dashboard.env
-
-      - name: test relay.env file gen postgres
-        run: test -f relay.env
-
-      - name: test zdb.env file gen postgres
-        run: test -f zdb.env
-
-      - name: Postgres run cleanup
+      - name: Verify Dex retirement notice
         run: |
-          docker compose down --volumes --rmi all
-          rm -rf docker-compose.yml Caddyfile zitadel.env dashboard.env machinekey/zitadel-admin-sa.token turnserver.conf management.json zdb.env
+          if infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh >stdout.txt 2>stderr.txt; then
+            echo "Expected the retired Dex installer to fail"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          test ! -s stdout.txt
+          grep -Fq "Dex support is not deprecated." stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/local" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "removed in NetBird v0.80" stderr.txt
 
-      - name: run script with Zitadel CockroachDB
-        run: bash -x infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
-        env:
-          NETBIRD_DOMAIN: use-ip
-          ZITADEL_DATABASE: cockroach
-
-      - name: test Caddy file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f Caddyfile
-
-      - name: test docker-compose file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f docker-compose.yml
-
-      - name: test management.json file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f management.json
-
-      - name: test turnserver.conf file gen CockroachDB
+      - name: Verify Zitadel retirement notice
         run: |
-          set -x
-          test -f turnserver.conf
-          grep external-ip turnserver.conf
-
-      - name: test zitadel.env file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f zitadel.env
-
-      - name: test dashboard.env file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f dashboard.env
-
-      - name: test relay.env file gen CockroachDB
-        run: test -f relay.env
+          if bash infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh >stdout.txt 2>stderr.txt; then
+            echo "Expected the retired Zitadel installer to fail"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          test ! -s stdout.txt
+          grep -Fq "Zitadel support and existing Zitadel deployments are not deprecated." stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/zitadel" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-guide" stderr.txt
+          grep -Fq "removed in NetBird v0.80" stderr.txt
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ui-translations.yml b/.github/workflows/ui-translations.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d3b12f2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ui-translations.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: UI Translations
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "client/ui/i18n/locales/**"
+      - "client/ui/i18n/check-translations.mjs"
+      - ".github/workflows/ui-translations.yml"
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - "client/ui/i18n/locales/**"
+      - "client/ui/i18n/check-translations.mjs"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.actor_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  check-translations:
+    name: Check translation key parity
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6.0.2
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Set up Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: "22"
+
+      # English (en) is the source of truth for translation keys; every other
+      # locale declared in _index.json must carry the exact same key set.
+      - name: Check translation key parity
+        run: node client/ui/i18n/check-translations.mjs
diff --git a/.github/workflows/update-docs.yml b/.github/workflows/update-docs.yml
index 26f3b8f02..ff4f0a86a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/update-docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/update-docs.yml
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ name: update docs
 on:
   push:
     tags:
-      - 'v*'
+      - "v*"
     paths:
-      - 'shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml'
+      - "shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml"
 
 jobs:
   trigger_docs_api_update:
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ jobs:
     if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
     steps:
       - name: Trigger API pages generation
-        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@v1
+        uses: benc-uk/workflow-dispatch@31e2b3319479a63f0ab15bf800eff9e913504e26 # v1.3.2
         with:
           workflow: generate api pages
           repo: netbirdio/docs
           ref: "refs/heads/main"
           token: ${{ secrets.SIGN_GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref }}" }'
\ No newline at end of file
+          inputs: '{ "tag": "${{ github.ref }}" }'
diff --git a/.github/workflows/wasm-build-validation.yml b/.github/workflows/wasm-build-validation.yml
index 81ae36e78..5f21472e5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/wasm-build-validation.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/wasm-build-validation.yml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
+      - "release-*"
   pull_request:
 
 concurrency:
@@ -19,15 +20,17 @@ jobs:
       GOARCH: wasm
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
       - name: Install dependencies
-        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-3-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev libpcap-dev
+        run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y -q libgtk-4-dev libwebkitgtk-6.0-dev libsoup-3.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev xorg-dev libpcap-dev
       - name: Install golangci-lint
-        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@4afd733a84b1f43292c63897423277bb7f4313a9 # v8.0.0
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@82606bf257cbaff209d206a39f5134f0cfbfd2ee #v9.2.1
         with:
           version: latest
           install-mode: binary
@@ -42,9 +45,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@924ae3a1cded613372ab5595356fb5720e22ba16 # v6.5.0
         with:
           go-version-file: "go.mod"
       - name: Build Wasm client
@@ -61,8 +66,7 @@ jobs:
 
           echo "Size: ${SIZE} bytes (${SIZE_MB} MB)"
 
-          if [ ${SIZE} -gt 58720256 ]; then
-            echo "Wasm binary size (${SIZE_MB}MB) exceeds 56MB limit!"
+          if [ ${SIZE} -gt 62914560 ]; then
+            echo "Wasm binary size (${SIZE_MB}MB) exceeds 60MB limit!"
             exit 1
           fi
-
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index a0f128933..305f3cb50 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+.claude
 .idea
 .run
 *.iml
@@ -33,3 +34,4 @@ infrastructure_files/setup-*.env
 vendor/
 /netbird
 client/netbird-electron/
+management/server/types/testdata/
diff --git a/.golangci.yaml b/.golangci.yaml
index d81ad1377..e350b9de7 100644
--- a/.golangci.yaml
+++ b/.golangci.yaml
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@ linters:
     govet:
       enable:
         - nilness
+      disable:
+        # The inline analyzer flags x/exp/maps Clone/Clear with //go:fix inline
+        # directives but cannot perform the rewrite due to generic type
+        # parameter inference limitations in the Go inliner.
+        - inline
       enable-all: false
     revive:
       rules:
@@ -109,6 +114,16 @@ linters:
       - linters:
           - staticcheck
         text: "QF1012"
+      # client/ui/main.go uses //go:embed all:frontend/dist; the
+      # directory is populated by `pnpm build` in the release pipeline
+      # and missing at lint time, so the embed parses to "no matching
+      # files found" — surfaced by golangci-lint's typecheck pre-pass.
+      # Suppress just that one diagnostic; the rest of the package
+      # (services/, tray.go, grpc.go, ...) still gets linted normally.
+      - linters:
+          - typecheck
+        path: client/ui/main\.go
+        text: "pattern all:frontend/dist"
     paths:
       - third_party$
       - builtin$
diff --git a/.goreleaser.yaml b/.goreleaser.yaml
index 5ea479148..c5d260376 100644
--- a/.goreleaser.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 version: 2
-
+env:
+  - SKIP_PUBLISH={{ if index .Env "SKIP_PUBLISH" }}{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}{{ else }}true{{ end }}
+  - SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH={{ if index .Env "SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH" }}{{ .Env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}{{ else }}false{{ end }}
 project_name: netbird
 builds:
   - id: netbird-wasm
@@ -74,6 +76,8 @@ builds:
       - amd64
       - arm64
       - arm
+    goarm:
+      - 7
     ldflags:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
@@ -88,6 +92,8 @@ builds:
       - amd64
       - arm64
       - arm
+    goarm:
+      - 7
     ldflags:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
@@ -102,6 +108,8 @@ builds:
       - amd64
       - arm64
       - arm
+    goarm:
+      - 7
     ldflags:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
@@ -122,6 +130,8 @@ builds:
       - amd64
       - arm64
       - arm
+    goarm:
+      - 7
     ldflags:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
@@ -136,6 +146,8 @@ builds:
       - amd64
       - arm64
       - arm
+    goarm:
+      - 7
     ldflags:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
@@ -150,6 +162,8 @@ builds:
       - amd64
       - arm64
       - arm
+    goarm:
+      - 7
     ldflags:
       - -s -w -X main.Version={{.Version}} -X main.Commit={{.Commit}} -X main.BuildDate={{.CommitDate}}
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
@@ -170,6 +184,8 @@ builds:
       - amd64
       - arm64
       - arm
+    goarm:
+      - 7
     ldflags:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
@@ -196,6 +212,7 @@ nfpms:
     description: Netbird client.
     homepage: https://netbird.io/
     license: BSD-3-Clause
+    vendor: NetBird
     id: netbird_deb
     bindir: /usr/bin
     builds:
@@ -210,6 +227,7 @@ nfpms:
     description: Netbird client.
     homepage: https://netbird.io/
     license: BSD-3-Clause
+    vendor: NetBird
     id: netbird_rpm
     bindir: /usr/bin
     builds:
@@ -222,670 +240,192 @@ nfpms:
     rpm:
       signature:
         key_file: '{{ if index .Env "GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE" }}{{ .Env.GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE }}{{ end }}'
-dockers:
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-    ids:
-      - netbird
-    goarch: amd64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: client/Dockerfile
-    extra_files:
-      - client/netbird-entrypoint.sh
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-    ids:
-      - netbird
-    goarch: arm64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: client/Dockerfile
-    extra_files:
-      - client/netbird-entrypoint.sh
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm
-    ids:
-      - netbird
-    goarch: arm
-    goarm: 6
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: client/Dockerfile
-    extra_files:
-      - client/netbird-entrypoint.sh
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-amd64
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-amd64
-    ids:
-      - netbird
-    goarch: amd64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: client/Dockerfile-rootless
-    extra_files:
-      - client/netbird-entrypoint.sh
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm64v8
-    ids:
-      - netbird
-    goarch: arm64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: client/Dockerfile-rootless
-    extra_files:
-      - client/netbird-entrypoint.sh
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm
-    ids:
-      - netbird
-    goarch: arm
-    goarm: 6
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: client/Dockerfile-rootless
-    extra_files:
-      - client/netbird-entrypoint.sh
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-    ids:
-      - netbird-relay
-    goarch: amd64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: relay/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-    ids:
-      - netbird-relay
-    goarch: arm64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: relay/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm
-    ids:
-      - netbird-relay
-    goarch: arm
-    goarm: 6
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: relay/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-    ids:
-      - netbird-signal
-    goarch: amd64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: signal/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-    ids:
-      - netbird-signal
-    goarch: arm64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: signal/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm
-    ids:
-      - netbird-signal
-    goarch: arm
-    goarm: 6
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: signal/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-    ids:
-      - netbird-mgmt
-    goarch: amd64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: management/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-    ids:
-      - netbird-mgmt
-    goarch: arm64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: management/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm
-    ids:
-      - netbird-mgmt
-    goarch: arm
-    goarm: 6
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: management/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-amd64
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-amd64
-    ids:
-      - netbird-mgmt
-    goarch: amd64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: management/Dockerfile.debug
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm64v8
-    ids:
-      - netbird-mgmt
-    goarch: arm64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: management/Dockerfile.debug
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm
-    ids:
-      - netbird-mgmt
-    goarch: arm
-    goarm: 6
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: management/Dockerfile.debug
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-    ids:
-      - netbird-upload
-    goarch: amd64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-    ids:
-      - netbird-upload
-    goarch: arm64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
-    ids:
-      - netbird-upload
-    goarch: arm
-    goarm: 6
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-    ids:
-      - netbird-server
-    goarch: amd64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: combined/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-    ids:
-      - netbird-server
-    goarch: arm64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: combined/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm
-    ids:
-      - netbird-server
-    goarch: arm
-    goarm: 6
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: combined/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-    ids:
-      - netbird-proxy
-    goarch: amd64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: proxy/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/amd64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-    ids:
-      - netbird-proxy
-    goarch: arm64
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: proxy/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm64"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-  - image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm
-    ids:
-      - netbird-proxy
-    goarch: arm
-    goarm: 6
-    use: buildx
-    dockerfile: proxy/Dockerfile
-    build_flag_templates:
-      - "--platform=linux/arm"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.created={{.Date}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.title={{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.version={{.Version}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.revision={{.FullCommit}}"
-      - "--label=org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/netbirdio/{{.ProjectName}}"
-      - "--label=maintainer=dev@netbird.io"
-docker_manifests:
-  - name_template: netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/netbird:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/netbird:rootless-latest
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm
-      - netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/relay:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/signal:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/management:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/management:debug-latest
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm
-      - netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-amd64
-  - name_template: netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/upload:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/netbird-server:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:rootless-latest
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird:{{ .Version }}-rootless-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:debug-latest
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management:{{ .Version }}-debug-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: netbirdio/reverse-proxy:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-amd64
-
-  - name_template: ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:latest
-    image_templates:
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm64v8
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-arm
-      - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy:{{ .Version }}-amd64
+dockers_v2:
+   - id: netbird
+     disable: "{{ .Env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}"
+     ids:
+       - netbird
+     images:
+       - netbirdio/netbird
+       - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird
+     tags:
+       - "{{ .Version }}"
+       - "{{ if eq .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH \"false\" }}latest{{ end }}"
+     dockerfile: client/Dockerfile
+     extra_files:
+       - client/netbird-entrypoint.sh
+     platforms:
+       - linux/amd64
+       - linux/arm64
+       - linux/arm/6
+     annotations:
+       "org.opencontainers.image.created": "{{.Date}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.title": "{{.ProjectName}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{.Version}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{.FullCommit}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.source": "{{.GitURL}}"
+       "maintainer": "dev@netbird.io"
+   - id: netbird-rootless
+     disable: "{{ .Env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}"
+     ids:
+       - netbird
+     images:
+       - netbirdio/netbird
+       - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird
+     tags:
+       - "{{ .Version }}-rootless"
+       - "{{ if eq .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH \"false\" }}rootless-latest{{ end }}"
+     dockerfile: client/Dockerfile-rootless
+     extra_files:
+       - client/netbird-entrypoint.sh
+     platforms:
+       - linux/amd64
+       - linux/arm64
+       - linux/arm/6
+     annotations:
+       "org.opencontainers.image.created": "{{.Date}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.title": "{{.ProjectName}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{.Version}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{.FullCommit}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.source": "{{.GitURL}}"
+       "maintainer": "dev@netbird.io"
+   - id: relay
+     disable: "{{ .Env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}"
+     ids:
+       - netbird-relay
+     images:
+       - netbirdio/relay
+       - ghcr.io/netbirdio/relay
+     tags:
+       - "{{ .Version }}"
+       - "{{ if eq .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH \"false\" }}latest{{ end }}"
+     dockerfile: relay/Dockerfile
+     platforms:
+       - linux/amd64
+       - linux/arm64
+       - linux/arm
+     annotations:
+       "org.opencontainers.image.created": "{{.Date}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.title": "{{.ProjectName}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{.Version}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{.FullCommit}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.source": "{{.GitURL}}"
+       "maintainer": "dev@netbird.io"
+   - id: signal
+     disable: "{{ .Env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}"
+     ids:
+       - netbird-signal
+     images:
+       - netbirdio/signal
+       - ghcr.io/netbirdio/signal
+     tags:
+       - "{{ .Version }}"
+       - "{{ if eq .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH \"false\" }}latest{{ end }}"
+     dockerfile: signal/Dockerfile
+     platforms:
+       - linux/amd64
+       - linux/arm64
+       - linux/arm
+     annotations:
+       "org.opencontainers.image.created": "{{.Date}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.title": "{{.ProjectName}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{.Version}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{.FullCommit}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.source": "{{.GitURL}}"
+       "maintainer": "dev@netbird.io"
+   - id: management
+     disable: "{{ .Env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}"
+     ids:
+       - netbird-mgmt
+     images:
+       - netbirdio/management
+       - ghcr.io/netbirdio/management
+     tags:
+       - "{{ .Version }}"
+       - "{{ if eq .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH \"false\" }}latest{{ end }}"
+     dockerfile: management/Dockerfile
+     platforms:
+       - linux/amd64
+       - linux/arm64
+       - linux/arm
+     annotations:
+       "org.opencontainers.image.created": "{{.Date}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.title": "{{.ProjectName}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{.Version}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{.FullCommit}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.source": "{{.GitURL}}"
+       "maintainer": "dev@netbird.io"
+   - id: upload
+     disable: "{{ .Env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}"
+     ids:
+       - netbird-upload
+     images:
+       - netbirdio/upload
+       - ghcr.io/netbirdio/upload
+     tags:
+       - "{{ .Version }}"
+       - "{{ if eq .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH \"false\" }}latest{{ end }}"
+     dockerfile: upload-server/Dockerfile
+     platforms:
+       - linux/amd64
+       - linux/arm64
+       - linux/arm
+     annotations:
+       "org.opencontainers.image.created": "{{.Date}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.title": "{{.ProjectName}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{.Version}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{.FullCommit}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.source": "{{.GitURL}}"
+       "maintainer": "dev@netbird.io"
+   - id: netbird-server
+     disable: "{{ .Env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}"
+     ids:
+       - netbird-server
+     images:
+       - netbirdio/netbird-server
+       - ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server
+     tags:
+       - "{{ .Version }}"
+       - "{{ if eq .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH \"false\" }}latest{{ end }}"
+     dockerfile: combined/Dockerfile
+     platforms:
+       - linux/amd64
+       - linux/arm64
+       - linux/arm
+     annotations:
+       "org.opencontainers.image.created": "{{.Date}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.title": "{{.ProjectName}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{.Version}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{.FullCommit}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.source": "{{.GitURL}}"
+       "maintainer": "dev@netbird.io"
+   - id: netbird-proxy
+     disable: "{{ .Env.SKIP_DOCKER_PUSH }}"
+     ids:
+       - netbird-proxy
+     images:
+       - netbirdio/reverse-proxy
+       - ghcr.io/netbirdio/reverse-proxy
+     tags:
+       - "{{ .Version }}"
+       - "{{ if eq .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH \"false\" }}latest{{ end }}"
+     dockerfile: proxy/Dockerfile
+     platforms:
+       - linux/amd64
+       - linux/arm64
+       - linux/arm
+     annotations:
+       "org.opencontainers.image.created": "{{.Date}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.title": "{{.ProjectName}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.version": "{{.Version}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.revision": "{{.FullCommit}}"
+       "org.opencontainers.image.source": "{{.GitURL}}"
+       "maintainer": "dev@netbird.io"
 
 brews:
   - ids:
       - default
+    skip_upload: "{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}"
     repository:
       owner: netbirdio
       name: homebrew-tap
@@ -902,6 +442,7 @@ brews:
 
 uploads:
   - name: debian
+    skip: "{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}"
     ids:
       - netbird_deb
     mode: archive
@@ -910,6 +451,7 @@ uploads:
     method: PUT
 
   - name: yum
+    skip: "{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}"
     ids:
       - netbird_rpm
     mode: archive
@@ -922,9 +464,20 @@ checksum:
     - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
     - glob: ./release_files/install.sh
     - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh
+    - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started-enterprise.sh
+    - glob: ./infrastructure_files/migrate-to-enterprise.sh
 
 release:
+  # The signing pipeline (netbirdio/sign-pipelines, dispatched by
+  # trigger_signer) marks the release latest once the Windows and macOS
+  # artifacts are signed. Without this override goreleaser marks it latest
+  # at publish time, while those artifacts are still unsigned.
+  make_latest: false
+  # Mark x.y.z-rc.* and other prerelease tags as prereleases on GitHub.
+  prerelease: auto
   extra_files:
     - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
     - glob: ./release_files/install.sh
     - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh
+    - glob: ./infrastructure_files/getting-started-enterprise.sh
+    - glob: ./infrastructure_files/migrate-to-enterprise.sh
diff --git a/.goreleaser_ui.yaml b/.goreleaser_ui.yaml
index 470f1deaa..24903188f 100644
--- a/.goreleaser_ui.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser_ui.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,16 @@
 version: 2
-
+env:
+  - SKIP_PUBLISH={{ if index .Env "SKIP_PUBLISH" }}{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}{{ else }}true{{ end }}
 project_name: netbird-ui
+
+before:
+  hooks:
+    # Bindings are gitignored; regenerate before the frontend build so
+    # the @wailsio/runtime Vite plugin can resolve them (vite refuses to
+    # build without them).
+    - sh -c 'cd client/ui && wails3 generate bindings -clean=true -ts'
+    - sh -c 'cd client/ui/frontend && pnpm install --frozen-lockfile && pnpm build'
+
 builds:
   - id: netbird-ui
     dir: client/ui
@@ -14,6 +24,8 @@ builds:
     ldflags:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    tags:
+      - production
 
   - id: netbird-ui-windows-amd64
     dir: client/ui
@@ -29,6 +41,8 @@ builds:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
       - -H windowsgui
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    tags:
+      - production
 
   - id: netbird-ui-windows-arm64
     dir: client/ui
@@ -45,6 +59,8 @@ builds:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
       - -H windowsgui
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    tags:
+      - production
 
 archives:
   - id: linux-arch
@@ -61,6 +77,8 @@ nfpms:
   - maintainer: Netbird <dev@netbird.io>
     description: Netbird client UI.
     homepage: https://netbird.io/
+    license: BSD-3-Clause
+    vendor: NetBird
     id: netbird_ui_deb
     package_name: netbird-ui
     builds:
@@ -70,16 +88,26 @@ nfpms:
     scripts:
       postinstall: "release_files/ui-post-install.sh"
     contents:
-      - src: client/ui/build/netbird.desktop
-        dst: /usr/share/applications/netbird.desktop
-      - src: client/ui/assets/netbird.png
+      - src: client/ui/build/linux/netbird.desktop
+        dst: /usr/share/applications/org.wails.netbird.desktop
+      - src: client/ui/build/appicon.png
         dst: /usr/share/pixmaps/netbird.png
+      # Names the polkit action for the elevation prompt the app raises when an
+      # unprivileged user changes a privileged setting; without it the dialog
+      # shows a raw command line.
+      - src: client/ui/build/linux/polkit/io.netbird.settings.policy
+        dst: /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/io.netbird.settings.policy
     dependencies:
-      - netbird
+      - netbird (>= 0.75.0)
+      - libgtk-4-1 (>= 4.14)
+      - libwebkitgtk-6.0-4
+      - xdg-utils
 
   - maintainer: Netbird <dev@netbird.io>
     description: Netbird client UI.
     homepage: https://netbird.io/
+    license: BSD-3-Clause
+    vendor: NetBird
     id: netbird_ui_rpm
     package_name: netbird-ui
     builds:
@@ -89,18 +117,28 @@ nfpms:
     scripts:
       postinstall: "release_files/ui-post-install.sh"
     contents:
-      - src: client/ui/build/netbird.desktop
-        dst: /usr/share/applications/netbird.desktop
-      - src: client/ui/assets/netbird.png
+      - src: client/ui/build/linux/netbird.desktop
+        dst: /usr/share/applications/org.wails.netbird.desktop
+      - src: client/ui/build/appicon.png
         dst: /usr/share/pixmaps/netbird.png
+      # Names the polkit action for the elevation prompt the app raises when an
+      # unprivileged user changes a privileged setting; without it the dialog
+      # shows a raw command line.
+      - src: client/ui/build/linux/polkit/io.netbird.settings.policy
+        dst: /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/io.netbird.settings.policy
     dependencies:
-      - netbird
+      - netbird >= 0.75.0
+      - (gtk4 >= 4.14 or libgtk-4-1 >= 4.14)
+      - (webkitgtk6.0 or libwebkitgtk-6_0-4)
+      - xdg-utils
+
     rpm:
       signature:
         key_file: '{{ if index .Env "GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE" }}{{ .Env.GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE }}{{ end }}'
 
 uploads:
   - name: debian
+    skip: "{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}"
     ids:
       - netbird_ui_deb
     mode: archive
@@ -109,9 +147,18 @@ uploads:
     method: PUT
 
   - name: yum
+    skip: "{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}"
     ids:
       - netbird_ui_rpm
     mode: archive
     target: https://pkgs.wiretrustee.com/yum/{{ .Arch }}{{ if .Arm }}{{ .Arm }}{{ end }}
     username: dev@wiretrustee.com
     method: PUT
+
+release:
+  # Uploads into the release created by the main .goreleaser.yaml run.
+  # make_latest stays false everywhere: the signing pipeline
+  # (netbirdio/sign-pipelines) marks the release latest after the Windows
+  # and macOS artifacts are signed.
+  make_latest: false
+  prerelease: auto
diff --git a/.goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml b/.goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml
index 0a0082075..8ca0e8da6 100644
--- a/.goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser_ui_darwin.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,15 @@
 version: 2
 
 project_name: netbird-ui
+
+before:
+  hooks:
+    # Bindings are gitignored; regenerate before the frontend build so
+    # the @wailsio/runtime Vite plugin can resolve them (vite refuses to
+    # build without them).
+    - sh -c 'cd client/ui && wails3 generate bindings -clean=true -ts'
+    - sh -c 'cd client/ui/frontend && pnpm install --frozen-lockfile && pnpm build'
+
 builds:
   - id: netbird-ui-darwin
     dir: client/ui
@@ -21,7 +30,7 @@ builds:
       - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
     mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
     tags:
-      - load_wgnt_from_rsrc
+      - production
 
 universal_binaries:
   - id: netbird-ui-darwin
@@ -34,3 +43,11 @@ checksum:
   name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}_darwin_checksums.txt"
 changelog:
   disable: true
+
+release:
+  # Uploads into the release created by the main .goreleaser.yaml run.
+  # make_latest stays false everywhere: the signing pipeline
+  # (netbirdio/sign-pipelines) marks the release latest after the Windows
+  # and macOS artifacts are signed.
+  make_latest: false
+  prerelease: auto
diff --git a/.goreleaser_ui_gtk3.yaml b/.goreleaser_ui_gtk3.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9b2ca650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.goreleaser_ui_gtk3.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+version: 2
+env:
+  - SKIP_PUBLISH={{ if index .Env "SKIP_PUBLISH" }}{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}{{ else }}true{{ end }}
+project_name: netbird-ui
+
+before:
+  hooks:
+    # Bindings are gitignored; regenerate before the frontend build so
+    # the @wailsio/runtime Vite plugin can resolve them (vite refuses to
+    # build without them).
+    # -f '-tags gtk3': the generator type-checks client/ui, whose cgo imports
+    # would otherwise resolve gtk4/webkitgtk-6.0 pkg-config entries that do
+    # not exist on ubuntu-22.04.
+    - sh -c 'cd client/ui && wails3 generate bindings -clean=true -ts -f "-tags gtk3"'
+    - sh -c 'cd client/ui/frontend && pnpm install --frozen-lockfile && pnpm build'
+
+builds:
+  # Legacy GTK3 / WebKit2GTK 4.1 build for distros without WebKitGTK 6.0
+  # (Ubuntu 22.04, Debian 12, RHEL 9, Fedora <=39). The gtk3 tag flips the
+  # Wails Linux backend to the GTK3 stack and swaps our GTK4-only XEmbed
+  # tray host for the pure-Go stub (client/ui/xembed_host_gtk3_linux.go).
+  # Must be built on the oldest supported glibc (ubuntu-22.04 runner).
+  - id: netbird-ui-gtk3
+    dir: client/ui
+    binary: netbird-ui
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=1
+    goos:
+      - linux
+    goarch:
+      - amd64
+    ldflags:
+      - -s -w -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version={{.Version}} -X main.commit={{.Commit}} -X main.date={{.CommitDate}} -X main.builtBy=goreleaser
+    mod_timestamp: "{{ .CommitTimestamp }}"
+    tags:
+      - production
+      - gtk3
+
+archives:
+  - id: linux-gtk3-arch
+    name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}-linux-gtk3_{{ .Version }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}"
+    builds:
+      - netbird-ui-gtk3
+
+nfpms:
+  # Mutually-exclusive alternative to the GTK4 netbird-ui package -- both
+  # ship the same /usr/bin/netbird-ui from the shared stable/yum repos, so
+  # this one carries its own name and conflicts with the GTK4 package.
+  - maintainer: Netbird <dev@netbird.io>
+    description: Netbird client UI.
+    homepage: https://netbird.io/
+    license: BSD-3-Clause
+    vendor: NetBird
+    id: netbird_ui_deb_gtk3
+    package_name: netbird-ui-gtk3
+    file_name_template: "{{ .PackageName }}_{{ .Version }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}"
+    builds:
+      - netbird-ui-gtk3
+    formats:
+      - deb
+    scripts:
+      postinstall: "release_files/ui-post-install.sh"
+    contents:
+      - src: client/ui/build/linux/netbird.desktop
+        dst: /usr/share/applications/org.wails.netbird.desktop
+      - src: client/ui/build/appicon.png
+        dst: /usr/share/pixmaps/netbird.png
+    conflicts:
+      - netbird-ui
+    replaces:
+      - netbird-ui
+    dependencies:
+      - netbird (>= 0.75.0)
+      - libgtk-3-0
+      - libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0
+      - xdg-utils
+
+  - maintainer: Netbird <dev@netbird.io>
+    description: Netbird client UI.
+    homepage: https://netbird.io/
+    license: BSD-3-Clause
+    vendor: NetBird
+    id: netbird_ui_rpm_gtk3
+    package_name: netbird-ui-gtk3
+    file_name_template: "{{ .PackageName }}_{{ .Version }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}"
+    builds:
+      - netbird-ui-gtk3
+    formats:
+      - rpm
+    scripts:
+      postinstall: "release_files/ui-post-install.sh"
+    contents:
+      - src: client/ui/build/linux/netbird.desktop
+        dst: /usr/share/applications/org.wails.netbird.desktop
+      - src: client/ui/build/appicon.png
+        dst: /usr/share/pixmaps/netbird.png
+    # No `replaces` here: nfpm maps it to rpm Obsoletes, which would make
+    # dnf swap installed GTK4 netbird-ui packages for this one on upgrade.
+    conflicts:
+      - netbird-ui
+    dependencies:
+      - netbird >= 0.75.0
+      - (gtk3 or libgtk-3-0)
+      - (webkit2gtk4.1 or libwebkit2gtk-4_1-0)
+      - xdg-utils
+
+    rpm:
+      signature:
+        key_file: '{{ if index .Env "GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE" }}{{ .Env.GPG_RPM_KEY_FILE }}{{ end }}'
+
+# The GTK4 UI job shares project_name, so the default checksum file name would
+# collide with it on the shared GitHub release.
+checksum:
+  name_template: "{{ .ProjectName }}_gtk3_checksums.txt"
+
+changelog:
+  disable: true
+
+uploads:
+  - name: debian
+    skip: "{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}"
+    ids:
+      - netbird_ui_deb_gtk3
+    mode: archive
+    target: https://pkgs.wiretrustee.com/debian/pool/{{ .ArtifactName }};deb.distribution=stable;deb.component=main;deb.architecture={{ if .Arm }}armhf{{ else }}{{ .Arch }}{{ end }};deb.package=
+    username: dev@wiretrustee.com
+    method: PUT
+
+  - name: yum
+    skip: "{{ .Env.SKIP_PUBLISH }}"
+    ids:
+      - netbird_ui_rpm_gtk3
+    mode: archive
+    target: https://pkgs.wiretrustee.com/yum/{{ .Arch }}{{ if .Arm }}{{ .Arm }}{{ end }}
+    username: dev@wiretrustee.com
+    method: PUT
+
+release:
+  # Uploads into the release created by the main .goreleaser.yaml run.
+  # make_latest stays false everywhere: the signing pipeline
+  # (netbirdio/sign-pipelines) marks the release latest after the Windows
+  # and macOS artifacts are signed.
+  make_latest: false
+  prerelease: auto
diff --git a/.mcp.json b/.mcp.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5497acb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,783 @@
+# NetBird Agent Guidelines
+
+**NetBird** is an open source connectivity platform: a WireGuard®-based overlay
+network with a control plane. The **agent** (`client/`) runs on user machines as
+a privileged daemon and manages the WireGuard interface, routing, firewall, and
+DNS. **Management** (`management/`) is the control plane and REST/gRPC API,
+**Signal** (`signal/`) brokers peer handshakes, **Relay** (`relay/`) carries
+traffic when a direct tunnel is impossible, and **Proxy** (`proxy/`) is the
+identity-aware proxy behind Agent Network.
+
+This file applies to the whole repository, and is the single source of truth for
+agent guidance here. `CLAUDE.md` is a one-line pointer to it — keep the guidance
+in this file, not duplicated there.
+
+## Contents
+
+- [STOP and ask the user before](#stop-and-ask-the-user-before)
+- [Quick reference](#quick-reference)
+- [Structure](#structure)
+- [Where to look](#where-to-look)
+- [Security](#security)
+- [Agent conventions](#agent-conventions)
+- [Repo-wide principles](#repo-wide-principles)
+- [Type safety](#type-safety)
+- [Concurrency and lifecycle](#concurrency-and-lifecycle)
+- [Error handling](#error-handling)
+- [Comments](#comments)
+- [Testing](#testing)
+- [Pitfalls](#pitfalls)
+- [Commits, PRs, releases](#commits-prs-releases)
+- [After you push: CI and review bots](#after-you-push-ci-and-review-bots)
+- [Discussion and support](#discussion-and-support)
+
+## STOP and ask the user before
+
+- **Opening a pull request for anything beyond a trivial fix, without an agreed
+  ticket.** Ask the user directly: *"Is there a discussion or issue for this
+  change?"* NetBird is discussion-first — community reports start in
+  [Discussions](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions), DevRel
+  validates them, and only validated discussions become issues. A PR that
+  changes behavior with no linked issue may be closed on arrival. If there is no
+  ticket, offer to draft the discussion post **instead of** the PR, and wait for
+  the user's call. Only typos, broken links, documentation corrections, and
+  one-line fixes that already have an issue can skip this.
+- **Designing in any high-risk area** (see
+  [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md#high-risk-areas)): public API and OpenAPI
+  schema, gRPC protos, behavior existing deployments would notice after an
+  upgrade, peer connectivity (ICE, NAT traversal, relay selection, WireGuard® or
+  Rosenpass key handling), client system integration (routing, firewall, DNS,
+  interface), authentication and authorization, CLI or service flags, config
+  file format, daemon IPC, store schema and migrations, or a new feature. The
+  design gets agreed in the ticket before code is written.
+- **Writing a store migration or changing a persisted model.** Migrations are
+  one-way in the field and both the GORM and pgx paths may need the change.
+- **Hand-editing generated code.** `*.pb.go`, `*.gen.go`, and mocks are outputs.
+  Edit the source (`.proto`, `openapi.yml`) and rerun the matching
+  `generate.sh`.
+- **Adding, removing, or bumping a dependency**, and never vendor a fork.
+- **Weakening a security control** — authentication, authorization, certificate
+  verification, privilege dropping, or peer identity checks — even when it is
+  the fastest way to make a test pass.
+- **Force-pushing to `main`**, force-pushing any branch that is already under
+  review, amending pushed commits, or bypassing hooks with `--no-verify`.
+
+## Quick reference
+
+```bash
+# Build
+go build ./...
+cd client && CGO_ENABLED=0 go build .        # agent
+cd management && go build .                  # management service
+cd signal && go build .                      # signal service
+
+# Verify (run before every push)
+go fmt ./...
+make lint            # golangci-lint on files changed vs origin/main (also the pre-push hook)
+make lint-all        # full-repository lint, matches CI
+make test-unit       # host-safe unit tests, -tags devcert, no sudo
+make test-privileged # privileged-tagged suite in a Docker container with NET_ADMIN
+make setup-hooks     # wire make lint into .githooks/pre-push
+
+# Narrow runs
+go test ./client/internal/dns/...
+go test -race -run TestPeerConn ./client/internal/peer/...
+PRIV_RUN=TestNftablesManager PRIV_PKGS=./client/firewall/nftables/... make test-privileged
+
+# Code generation (never hand-edit the output)
+./shared/management/http/api/generate.sh   # REST types from openapi.yml
+./shared/management/proto/generate.sh
+./shared/signal/proto/generate.sh
+./client/proto/generate.sh
+./flow/proto/generate.sh
+
+# Run locally (lab only, never on a machine you rely on)
+sudo ./client/netbird up --log-level debug --log-file console
+sudo ./client/netbird down                   # teardown: restores routing, firewall, DNS
+./signal/signal run --log-level debug --log-file console
+./management/management management --log-level debug --log-file console --config ./management.json
+```
+
+`netbird up` needs root and rewrites the host's routing table, firewall rules,
+DNS configuration, and WireGuard® interface. Run it only in a disposable test
+environment (a VM, container, or throwaway host) that you can rebuild, never on
+a workstation or server whose connectivity matters. Run `sudo netbird down`
+before you stop working, before rebuilding the binary, and on every failure
+path, so the host's networking state is restored instead of left half-applied.
+See [Pitfalls](#pitfalls) for why cleanup on every exit path matters.
+
+## Structure
+
+```text
+netbird/
+├── client/              NetBird agent
+│   ├── cmd/             agent CLI
+│   ├── internal/        agent business logic (engine, peer, dns, routemanager, ...)
+│   ├── server/          daemon for background execution
+│   ├── proto/           daemon gRPC protos
+│   ├── iface/           WireGuard® interface management
+│   ├── firewall/        nftables, iptables, pf, WFP, userspace backends
+│   ├── ssh/             built-in SSH server and client
+│   ├── ui/              desktop UI (Wails v3 + React)
+│   ├── android/, ios/   mobile bindings
+│   ├── wasm/            WebAssembly build
+│   └── mdm/, system/    MDM policy, host information
+├── management/          control plane
+│   └── server/          account, peer, groups, networks, posture, permissions,
+│                        settings, store, http (REST), idp, integrations, migration
+├── signal/              handshake broker (peer/, server/)
+├── relay/               relay service (protocol/, server/, healthcheck/)
+├── proxy/               identity-aware proxy (llm/, acme/, accesslog/, middleware/, tcp/, udp/)
+├── agent-network/       Agent Network overview
+├── shared/              imported by both agent and services
+│   ├── management/      proto/, client/, http/api (OpenAPI + generated types)
+│   ├── signal/          proto/, client/
+│   └── relay/, auth/, sshauth/, metrics/
+├── e2e/                 end-to-end suites and harness
+├── encryption/, dns/, route/, stun/, sharedsock/, util/, flow/
+├── infrastructure_files/  docker compose and getting-started templates
+└── release_files/       files packaged into releases
+```
+
+## Where to look
+
+| Task                        | Location                                                     |
+| --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| REST API / OpenAPI          | `shared/management/http/api/` + `management/server/http/`    |
+| Management gRPC protocol    | `shared/management/proto/`                                   |
+| Signal protocol             | `shared/signal/proto/`                                       |
+| Daemon IPC protocol         | `client/proto/`                                              |
+| Peer connection and NAT     | `client/internal/peer/`                                      |
+| Network map handling        | `client/internal/engine.go`, `shared/management/networkmap/` |
+| Routing                     | `client/internal/routemanager/`, `route/`                    |
+| Firewall backends           | `client/firewall/`                                           |
+| DNS                         | `client/internal/dns/`, `dns/`                               |
+| WireGuard® interface        | `client/iface/`                                              |
+| Persistence and migrations  | `management/server/store/`, `management/server/migration/`   |
+| IdP integrations            | `management/server/idp/`                                     |
+| Permissions model           | `management/server/permissions/`                             |
+| LLM routing / Agent Network | `proxy/internal/llm/`, `agent-network/`                      |
+| End-to-end tests            | `e2e/`                                                       |
+
+## Security
+
+### Never fail open
+
+When a security check — access control, an IP restriction, an auth decision —
+hits an error such as an unparseable value, an unavailable lookup, or a state it
+does not recognize, it must **deny**. Never skip the check or allow the request
+through because the check itself failed, and make the `default` and unknown cases
+of a security-related `switch` deny rather than fall through.
+
+### Daemon RPC input is untrusted
+
+The agent runs as root (LocalSystem on Windows), so a daemon RPC crosses a
+privilege boundary: treat every field as untrusted input rather than as something
+the UI or CLI validated on the way in.
+
+When you add or change an RPC, ask what the handler does with caller input while
+running as root. If the answer touches a filesystem path, a URL or host, or a
+privileged state change, it needs a gate **in the handler** — a check in the client
+that normally calls it is not a check at all.
+
+- **A caller-supplied path the daemon opens.** Never `os.Open` it as root.
+  Constrain it, then open it *as the caller* with `ipcauth.OpenOwnedFile`, which
+  opens `O_NOFOLLOW`, requires a regular file, and refuses a file the caller does
+  not own — so a symlink or hardlink aimed at a root-only file is rejected.
+- **A caller-supplied URL or host the daemon fetches.** Restrict the scheme and
+  allow only known hosts for unprivileged callers. Prefer a lexical host
+  allowlist plus TLS verification over "resolve the host, then reject private
+  IPs": the resolve-then-trust pattern has a DNS-rebinding race (public IP at
+  check time, attacker IP at connect time), while a name allowlist has no IP
+  check to race. Never accept `http://` where `https://` is expected.
+- **A privileged state change** (SSH root login, management URL, deregistration)
+  gates on the caller identity from `ipcauth.CallerIdentity(ctx)`.
+
+Caller identity comes from the kernel — `SO_PEERCRED`, `LOCAL_PEERCRED`, or the
+named-pipe client token — and never from an RPC field. When
+`ipcauth.CallerIdentity` reports that it could not determine an identity, **deny**;
+do not fall back to treating the caller as the transport peer.
+
+## Agent conventions
+
+### Three networking modes
+
+Where packets actually flow depends on the mode the agent is running in. The
+three are not interchangeable, so establish which one a change applies to — and
+what it should do in the other two — before you write it.
+
+- **kernel mode** (Linux only): in-kernel WireGuard®. The kernel handles both
+  peer-to-peer and routed traffic, and ACLs are iptables or nftables rules. The
+  client programs kernel facilities but never sees the traffic itself.
+- **userspace mode** (wireguard-go with a TUN): wireguard-go runs in-process. The
+  kernel handles peer-to-peer traffic once it leaves the TUN, while routed traffic
+  — exit nodes and network routes — goes through the userspace forwarder, which
+  terminates the connection and re-establishes it over OS sockets. Used on
+  platforms without kernel WireGuard® or when the user opts out.
+- **netstack mode**: wireguard-go in-process with no TUN and no kernel
+  networking. The forwarder does all routing by stitching userspace sockets, and
+  listeners such as the embedded SSH and DNS servers bind on a gVisor netstack.
+  Used where the process cannot create a TUN device, such as the embedded client
+  (`client/embed/`) and the WASM build.
+
+### The overlay interface is not "WireGuard"
+
+Do not put "WireGuard" in identifiers or comments unless the code is genuinely
+coupled to WireGuard® specifically — a wireguard-go call, a handshake field, a
+kernel WireGuard® netlink attribute. For the interface, the host, peers, or
+traffic in general, say "the NetBird interface", "the interface", or "the overlay".
+Most firewall, routing, and DNS code is transport-agnostic, so a WireGuard®
+reference there is simply inaccurate and rots as the transports change.
+
+### IPv6 is a soft feature
+
+The IPv6 overlay is opt-in dual-stack, and capability can change at runtime. Treat
+it as soft rather than a requirement:
+
+- Gate local v6 paths on the interface accessor (`wgIface.Address().HasIPv6()`),
+  not on raw state fields, and skip the v6 path when the host has no v6 rather
+  than returning an error.
+- Treat an empty or unparseable peer v6 address as "no v6 for that peer" and skip
+  it, keeping the v4 path working.
+- Never let a missing v6 break v4. Fail-closed is for security checks; a
+  capability mismatch skips the v6 work and carries on.
+
+### Environment variables
+
+Name the variable in a constant and parse booleans with `strconv.ParseBool` rather
+than comparing strings inline, so an unexpected value is logged instead of
+silently meaning false:
+
+```go
+const EnvDisableFeature = "NB_DISABLE_FEATURE"
+
+func isDisabledByEnv() bool {
+    val := os.Getenv(EnvDisableFeature)
+    if val == "" {
+        return false
+    }
+    disabled, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
+    if err != nil {
+        log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", EnvDisableFeature, err)
+        return false
+    }
+    return disabled
+}
+```
+
+### Validating against protocol specs
+
+When a change depends on what a protocol actually mandates, read the specification
+text from the [IETF datatracker](https://datatracker.ietf.org/) rather than a
+summary, and check that you have the current RFC — the widely cited one for a
+protocol is often superseded. Cite the section, not just the document, so a
+reviewer can jump straight to the rule.
+
+## Repo-wide principles
+
+1. **Run `go fmt` on every modified Go file.** Formatting is not optional.
+2. **Zero unaddressed linter warnings.** Fix what `golangci-lint` reports on code
+   you touch, and delete imports, helpers, and parameters your refactor orphaned.
+   Exception: unused parameters in shared code may be consumed by builds outside
+   this repository — do not remove them, ask instead.
+3. **Function comments are mandatory for exported functions**, written as full
+   sentences with a period, starting with the identifier name.
+4. **Prefer private functions and constants.** Export only what a caller outside
+   the package genuinely needs.
+5. **Early returns and guard clauses.** Handle errors and edge cases first
+   instead of nesting `if`/`else` chains.
+6. **Split complex functions.** If a function trips a complexity warning, break
+   it into named helpers rather than silencing the warning.
+7. **Avoid LLM-slop tells:** em dashes, hedging narration, restating the diff in
+   prose, trailing summaries. Defaults, not absolute bans. Applies to code,
+   comments, commit messages, and PR descriptions alike.
+8. **Concurrency: do a two-pass race analysis after every change** that touches
+   shared state, including reads of existing maps and slices. Guard them with a
+   mutex (or an atomic or channel where that fits better), keep critical
+   sections short, and run `go test -race` on the touched packages. See
+   [Concurrency and lifecycle](#concurrency-and-lifecycle) for the failure modes
+   to check for.
+9. **Cross-platform builds must keep working.** The agent targets Linux, macOS,
+   Windows, FreeBSD, Android, and iOS. When you add a platform-specific file,
+   add the counterpart or a build-tagged fallback for the others.
+10. **Never hand-edit generated files.** Change the source and regenerate.
+11. **Never log secrets** — private keys, setup keys, tokens, PAT values — and
+    keep peer IPs and hostnames out of logs above debug level.
+
+## Type safety
+
+**No bare primitives for domain concepts.** A `string` parameter for an account
+ID next to a `string` parameter for a peer ID is two bugs waiting to happen,
+because the compiler cannot catch the swap. Declare the type once and use it
+throughout, converting only at the boundaries where data enters or leaves —
+protobuf, gRPC, HTTP, an external library.
+
+```go
+type ServiceID string
+type AccountID string
+
+// Internal: typed all the way through
+func (r *Router) RemoveRoute(host SNIHost, svcID ServiceID) { ... }
+
+// Proto boundary: convert once, on the way in and on the way out
+svcID := ServiceID(mapping.GetId())
+req.ServiceId = string(svcID)
+```
+
+- **IP addresses are `netip.Addr`**, not `string` and not `net.IP`. Parse at the
+  boundary and pass the typed value inward.
+- **Always `Unmap()`** after parsing an address, after converting from `net.IP`,
+  and after extracting one from `RemoteAddr()`. This normalizes a v4-mapped v6
+  address (`::ffff:10.1.2.3`) to plain v4 so IPv4 rules match it. A stored or
+  compared mapped address silently fails to match those rules.
+- **Ports are `uint16`** internally; use `int` only where a library forces it and
+  convert immediately.
+- **Enums are a typed string with constants**, so the valid set is discoverable
+  and a typo fails to compile.
+- **Map keys follow the same rule**, and must be a real type (`type ServiceID
+  string`) rather than an alias (`type serviceID = string`) — an alias silently
+  accepts bare strings.
+
+## Concurrency and lifecycle
+
+Beyond the mutex hygiene in the principles above, check for these failure
+modes.
+
+- **Never read a struct field inside a goroutine** when another goroutine may nil
+  or reassign it. Pass the value as a parameter, or capture it into a local before
+  launching. This matters most when `Stop()` nils a field without waiting for the
+  goroutine to finish.
+
+  ```go
+  go func(ifaceName string) {   // good: passed in, cannot be nilled underneath
+      m.Start(ctx, ifaceName)
+  }(iface.Name())
+  ```
+
+- **Never wait on a channel while holding a lock the sender needs.** Copy what you
+  need out from under the lock, release it, then wait.
+
+  ```go
+  func (m *Manager) Stop() {
+      m.mu.Lock()
+      cancel, done := m.cancel, m.done
+      m.mu.Unlock()
+      if cancel != nil {
+          cancel()
+          <-done
+      }
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **`Stop`/`Close` must be idempotent** — guard on an already-stopped flag or a
+  nil cancel — and must release the state they guarded. Clear maps and caches;
+  a cancelled goroutine holding a live map still pins that memory. Note that a
+  nil map only panics on writes; reads and iteration behave like an empty map,
+  so where post-close use must be rejected, check the stopped flag explicitly.
+- **Publish coupled state only after every fallible step succeeds.** When several
+  fields form an invariant, build them into locals and assign them to the receiver
+  at the end. Assigning as you go leaves the object half-initialized when a later
+  step fails, so a readiness predicate reports ready while a coupled field is nil.
+  If an earlier step already had an external side effect — a created chain, an
+  opened handle, an inserted rule — roll it back before returning the error.
+- **Clean up what you own on constructor error paths.** Once a constructor has
+  started something, every later error path must undo it: cancel a goroutine and
+  wait for it to exit, stop a ticker, close a watcher. The object is never
+  returned, so its `Close` will never run.
+- **A failed `Start` must undo everything it started.** When a component brings up
+  several subsystems in sequence — connection manager, watchers, routing, DNS,
+  flow, persisted state — a failure partway through has to tear down the ones
+  already running, not just close the handle the error came from. Put the
+  already-started guard *before* that teardown path, so a rejected second `Start`
+  cannot dismantle the one that is running.
+
+## Error handling
+
+Use single-assignment form when the error is only needed inside the `if`:
+
+```go
+// Good
+if err := someCall(); err != nil {
+    return fmt.Errorf("context: %w", err)
+}
+
+// Bad - unnecessary split
+err := someCall()
+if err != nil {
+    return fmt.Errorf("context: %w", err)
+}
+```
+
+Use multiple assignment when the value is needed after the block:
+
+```go
+result, err := someCall()
+if err != nil {
+    return fmt.Errorf("context: %w", err)
+}
+```
+
+Add short, meaningful context, and **do not** start `fmt.Errorf` messages with
+obvious words like "failed to" or "error":
+
+```go
+// Good
+return fmt.Errorf("parse remote address: %w", err)
+return fmt.Errorf("listen on %s: %w", addr, err)
+
+// Bad
+return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse remote address: %w", err)
+return fmt.Errorf("error listening on %s: %w", addr, err)
+
+// "failed" is fine in log messages
+log.Debugf("failed to parse remote address: %v", err)
+```
+
+Skip the wrapping when a function only extracts or delegates and the wrap would
+add nothing:
+
+```go
+func parseAddr(addr string) (string, int, error) {
+    host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+    if err != nil {
+        return "", 0, err
+    }
+    // ...
+}
+```
+
+Log the errors you choose not to act on:
+
+- `log.Debugf()` for errors that do not affect program flow but help debugging.
+- `log.Tracef()` for very verbose errors that would otherwise spam logs.
+- **Never ignore** errors from writes, network sends, or critical cleanup.
+- Close errors may be ignored for read-only operations; log them at debug for
+  writes.
+
+**Do not log and return the same error.** It gets reported twice, from two places,
+and the second reader cannot tell whether it happened once or twice. Return it and
+let the caller decide. The exception is an API handler that has already written a
+response. Internal helpers return errors rather than logging and swallowing them.
+
+**Never return a typed nil as an error.** A nil `*MyError` stored in an `error`
+interface is not nil, so `err != nil` is true and callers take the failure path on
+success. Return the error only where it is actually set:
+
+```go
+if _, err := conn.Write(buf); err != nil {   // good
+    return err
+}
+return nil
+```
+
+**Accumulate with `multierror` when an operation should continue past individual
+failures** — teardown, cleanup, or setup where partial success is acceptable.
+`client/errors.FormatErrorOrNil` returns nil for an empty accumulator, so callers
+still see a plain nil on full success:
+
+```go
+func (m *Manager) Cleanup() error {
+    var merr *multierror.Error
+    for _, r := range m.resources {
+        if err := r.Close(); err != nil {
+            merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("close %s: %w", r.Name, err))
+        }
+    }
+    return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+```
+
+| Scenario              | Approach              | Why                                       |
+| --------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
+| Cleanup / teardown    | Accumulate            | Clean up as much as possible              |
+| Setup with rollback   | Abort on first error  | Partial state is invalid; undo what stuck |
+| Setup with partial OK | Accumulate            | Degraded operation is still useful        |
+
+## Comments
+
+Comment the **why**, never the **what**. Default to no comment, and add one only
+when a hidden constraint or workaround would surprise a future reader. Never
+reference the current task, PR, or your own changes in a comment.
+
+```go
+// Bad - trailing comments explaining the obvious
+defer localConn.Close() // Close the connection
+if err != nil {         // Check if error occurred
+
+// Good
+defer localConn.Close()
+
+// Good - explains a non-obvious constraint
+// Use incremental checksum update per RFC 1624 for performance.
+checksum = updateChecksum(checksum, oldPort, newPort)
+```
+
+### Length budget
+
+Neither of these is linter-enforced, so they are conventions the surrounding code
+mostly follows rather than hard limits:
+
+- **Around 90 characters per line.** Wrap the comment rather than running well past
+  it.
+- **Roughly 250 characters per comment**, about three wrapped lines. Doc comments
+  on exported identifiers may exceed it when the API genuinely needs the
+  explanation; inline comments inside a function body rarely should.
+
+The budget is a smell detector, not a rule to game. Do not compress a needed
+explanation into cryptic shorthand to fit — if a block of code needs more than
+250 characters of prose, the code is doing too much. Fix the code:
+
+- **Extract a named function.** A well-named function replaces the comment: the
+  name says *what*, the body shows *how*, and the comment you no longer write
+  was the *what* anyway. Clean Code calls this "explain yourself in code".
+- **Extract a named constant or predicate.** `if isExpiredSetupKey(key)` needs
+  no comment; `if key.ExpiresAt.Before(now) && !key.Revoked && key.UsageLimit > 0`
+  does.
+- **Keep the surviving comment for the why** — the RFC, the kernel quirk, the
+  ordering constraint. That part is usually one or two lines.
+
+### Long switch and if/else chains
+
+A `switch` whose cases carry multi-line explanations is the usual place this
+budget is breached, and the comment is a symptom. In order of preference:
+
+1. **Extract each case body into a named function.** The case becomes one line,
+   the name carries the meaning, and the switch reads as a table of contents.
+2. **Replace the switch with a lookup table** — `map[Kind]handlerFunc` — when the
+   branches are uniform. Adding a case stops meaning editing a growing function.
+3. **Replace conditional with polymorphism** when branches vary by type and the
+   same switch shape starts appearing in more than one place. Clean Code's rule
+   of thumb: tolerate a switch statement if it appears **once**, is buried in a
+   factory that returns an interface, and no other switch dispatches on the same
+   type. A second switch over the same enum is the signal to introduce the
+   interface.
+
+Do not restructure a switch purely to satisfy the budget when the cases are one
+line each and self-evident — a flat, boring `switch` over an enum is fine and
+needs no comments at all.
+
+Explanatory comments in tests are welcome — they document the scenario being set
+up, and the 250-character budget does not apply to them.
+
+## Testing
+
+- **Unit tests** live beside the code as `_test.go`. `make test-unit` runs the
+  host-safe set with `-tags devcert` and no sudo.
+- **Privileged tests** carry the `privileged` build tag and mutate host
+  networking. They run through `make test-privileged`, inside a Docker container
+  with `NET_ADMIN`. Never bypass that harness by running them directly on the
+  host.
+- **End-to-end suites** live in `e2e/` with a shared harness.
+- **Test real behavior, not API existence.** Assert on the observable end state
+  a consumer would see — bytes that arrived, the packet after translation, the
+  row after the write — not merely that a method exists or returns an error.
+- **Avoid mocks for code we own.** Exercise the real store, manager, or
+  controller and assert what the caller actually receives.
+- **`require` for setup and preconditions, `assert` for the conditions under
+  test.** Use `require` whenever a later line would panic or be meaningless
+  otherwise.
+- **Message guidance:** optional for `NoError`/`Error`; always give context for
+  comparison, boolean, and collection assertions.
+- **Reproduce a bug before fixing it.** Write the test, watch it fail *for the
+  reason you expect* — a test that fails for an unrelated reason proves nothing —
+  then apply the fix and confirm it passes. Add the thin surrounding cases while
+  you are there.
+- **Use `t.Setenv`** rather than `os.Setenv` so the previous value is restored on
+  cleanup. To test the unset case, call `t.Setenv` first to register the restore,
+  then `os.Unsetenv`.
+- **Prefer `t.Cleanup` over `defer`** in any test with parallel subtests: the
+  parent function returns, running its `defer`s, while parallel subtests are
+  still suspended. Sequential subtests finish inside `t.Run`, so `defer` is safe
+  there, but `t.Cleanup` works in both cases.
+- **Explanatory comments in tests are welcome.** Describe the scenario being set
+  up; the comment budget below does not apply to them.
+
+```go
+server, err := StartTestServer()
+require.NoError(t, err, "Test server setup must succeed")
+defer server.Close()
+
+result, err := client.DoOperation()
+assert.NoError(t, err)
+assert.Equal(t, expectedResult, result, "Result should match expected")
+```
+
+## Pitfalls
+
+- **The agent runs as root.** Anything touching routing, firewall, DNS, or the
+  interface can take a user's machine off the network. Prefer a reversible
+  change and make sure cleanup runs on every exit path.
+- **Management has two account loaders** (GORM and pgx). Adding a relation to an
+  account often means updating both, or it silently comes back empty in
+  production.
+- **`go test ./...` without `-tags devcert` skips tests** that need the
+  development certificate. Use `make test-unit`.
+- **`make lint` only checks the diff against `origin/main`.** CI runs
+  `make lint-all`; run it too before pushing a large change.
+- **Protos are consumed by released clients.** An old agent must keep working
+  against a new Management, so fields are added, never renumbered or removed.
+- **Windows requires the wintun driver**, and the daemon serves a named pipe
+  (`npipe://netbird`) rather than loopback TCP. Loopback TCP carries no caller
+  identity, so privileged operations are refused over it.
+
+## Commits, PRs, releases
+
+- **PR titles must start with a bracketed tag.** Before you propose a title,
+  **read [`.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml`](.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml)
+  and take the allowed tags from the `allowedTags` array in that file.** It is
+  the only source of truth, it changes as components are added, and the check
+  runs on every title edit — a tag that is not in that array is a red build. Do
+  not rely on a list memorized from anywhere else, including this file.
+
+  ```text
+  [client] Authorize daemon IPC callers by their local identity
+  [management,client] Add MDM policy support
+  ```
+
+  Multiple tags are comma-separated inside one pair of brackets. Match the tag
+  to the component you actually changed, not to the one you read the most.
+
+- **Use the repository's PR template.** Fill in
+  [`.github/pull_request_template.md`](.github/pull_request_template.md) rather
+  than replacing it with your own summary: describe the change, link the issue,
+  tick the checklist honestly (including "ran locally" and "single purpose"),
+  and complete the documentation section. Do not tick a box you have not
+  verified, and do not delete rows that do not apply — the docs gate in CI reads
+  that section and fails when it is missing.
+
+- **Keep the PR description short.** Under 1000 words on top of the template's
+  own text, and usually far less — a few paragraphs. Reviewers read the diff;
+  the description exists to explain what the diff cannot say for itself. This is
+  well below what an agent will produce by default, so cut before you post.
+
+- **Body: why before what.** Lead with the problem and the reason for this
+  approach, then the shape of the change. No bullet list of files changed, no
+  per-function walkthrough, no restating the diff in prose, no trailing summary
+  section, no self-congratulatory closing line.
+
+- **No `Co-Authored-By` or tool-attribution trailers in the PR description**,
+  and none in commits either. Contributors own their contributions. Whatever
+  tooling produced the diff, the person opening the PR is its author: they have
+  read every line, they can explain why it works, they can answer review
+  questions without going back to a model, and they are accountable for the
+  consequences of merging it. Do not add a trailer, footer, or description line
+  that spreads that ownership onto a tool.
+
+- **Commit subjects follow the same `[scope] Subject` convention.** Keep the
+  subject short, and use the body for why before what. No bullet lists of files
+  changed.
+
+- **Push review fixes as separate commits.** The PR is squashed on merge, so
+  there is no reason to rewrite history mid-review; many small commits make the
+  re-review readable.
+
+- **Do not force-push a branch that is under review.** A force-push detaches
+  existing review comments from the lines they were written against, destroys
+  the "changes since your last review" diff a reviewer relies on, and discards
+  the CI history that showed which commit broke what. Add commits instead —
+  including for fixups and reverts. Force-push only when there is no
+  alternative: a rebase to clear a genuine conflict, or removing a secret or a
+  large binary that was committed by mistake. When you must, ask the user first,
+  then say so in a PR comment so reviewers know their anchors moved. Never
+  force-push `main`, and never force-push a branch you do not own.
+
+- **One PR, one purpose.** Split refactors out of fixes and fixes out of
+  features.
+
+- **Keep the PR small.** Size is the single strongest predictor of how long a PR
+  waits. Aim for **under ~400 changed lines across under ~20 files**; past
+  roughly **1000 lines or 50 files** a community PR is likely to be sent back to
+  be split, or left unreviewed until it is. Large PRs from outside the core team
+  may be blocked outright when the size was never agreed in the ticket —
+  reviewing a sprawling change against a privileged networking daemon is a
+  security risk in itself, not just a time cost.
+
+  Judge the size by hand-written code: exclude generated output, `go.sum`,
+  vendored files, and test fixtures from the estimate, but do not use their
+  presence to argue a 3000-line PR is small.
+
+  When a change genuinely cannot be small — a protocol migration, a
+  cross-component rename — agree the split in the ticket **before** writing
+  code, and land it as a sequence of PRs that each build, test, and make sense
+  on their own. Propose that split to the user rather than opening one large PR
+  and hoping.
+
+  Prefer GitHub's stacked pull requests for such a sequence, rather than
+  hand-managing base branches: open each PR against the branch below it instead of
+  `main`, so every PR's diff shows only its own change. Merging a layer retargets
+  the PRs above it, and branch protections and required checks on the base branch
+  still apply to each one.
+
+- **User-facing changes need a docs PR** in
+  [netbirdio/docs](https://github.com/netbirdio/docs), linked from the PR
+  description.
+
+## After you push: CI and review bots
+
+Opening the PR is not the end of the task. Watch the run, read what the bots
+say, and drive the PR to green before you report the work as done.
+
+```bash
+gh pr checks <pr>            --watch    # all checks, live
+gh run view <run-id> --log-failed       # only the failing steps
+gh pr view <pr> --comments              # bot and human review comments
+```
+
+**Never report a change as finished while checks are pending or red**, and never
+describe a red PR as passing. If you ran out of turn before CI finished, say
+which checks were still running.
+
+### The checks
+
+- **Go tests** — `golang-test-{linux,darwin,windows,freebsd}.yml`, sharded per
+  component. A failure in a component you did not touch is usually a real
+  interaction, not noise; read the log before assuming flake.
+- **golangci-lint** — `golangci-lint.yml` runs the full repository, while
+  `make lint` only checks your diff. A clean local lint does not guarantee green
+  CI on a large change.
+- **PR Title Check** — `pr-title-check.yml`, see above.
+- **Codecov** — uploaded from the Linux test workflow with per-component flags
+  (`unit,client`, `unit,management`, `unit,relay`, `unit,proxy`, `unit,signal`,
+  `integration,management`). Coverage on new code should not go backwards. Add
+  tests for the paths you introduced; do not adjust thresholds or exclude files
+  to clear the report.
+- **CodeRabbit** — configured in [`.coderabbit.yaml`](.coderabbit.yaml): `chill`
+  profile, auto-review on every non-draft PR, TypeScript/JavaScript/SVG paths
+  filtered out. Chat auto-reply is on, so `@coderabbitai` in a comment reaches
+  it.
+- **SonarCloud** — project `netbirdio_netbird`, quality gate on new code (bugs,
+  vulnerabilities, code smells, duplication, coverage).
+- **Snyk** — dependency and code scanning.
+
+Sonar and Snyk report as GitHub App checks rather than workflows in this
+repository, so their detail lives on the PR check, not in the Actions logs.
+
+### Handling bot findings
+
+- **Read every comment and act on it.** Either fix it, or reply with the reason
+  it does not apply. Do not bulk-resolve threads to clear the count, and do not
+  silently ignore a finding because the check is advisory.
+- **Bots are frequently wrong here.** NetBird has privileged, platform-specific,
+  and concurrency-heavy code that static analysis reads poorly. A confident
+  CodeRabbit or Sonar comment can still be nonsense. Verify the claim against
+  the code before you change anything — never edit correct code just to silence
+  a bot.
+- **Security findings get the opposite default.** For a Snyk or Sonar
+  vulnerability, or a CodeRabbit comment about authentication, authorization,
+  certificate verification, or key handling, assume it is real until you have
+  disproved it. Surface it to the user rather than dismissing it yourself.
+- **A new vulnerable dependency is a stop.** Bumping or replacing dependencies
+  needs the user's decision, as above.
+- **Never change a workflow, threshold, lint exclusion, or bot config to make a
+  check pass.** If a check is genuinely wrong, say so and let the user decide.
+- **Do not paper over flakes with blind re-runs.** Identify the failure first. If
+  it is a known flake, name it; if you cannot tell, report it as unresolved
+  rather than re-running until it goes green.
+
+## Discussion and support
+
+- Discussions: <https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions>
+- Slack: <https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url>
+- Docs: <https://docs.netbird.io>
+- Security: <https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/security/policy> — never in public
+- Contribution process: [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md)
diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..764f406be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+See [AGENTS.md](AGENTS.md) for the agent guidelines in this repository.
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index efc7d9460..aef749cfa 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Contributing to NetBird
 
-Thanks for your interest in contributing to NetBird. 
+Thanks for your interest in contributing to NetBird.
 
 There are many ways that you can contribute:
 - Reporting issues
@@ -8,11 +8,99 @@ There are many ways that you can contribute:
 - Sharing use cases in slack or Reddit
 - Bug fix or feature enhancement
 
-If you haven't already, join our slack workspace [here](https://join.slack.com/t/netbirdio/shared_invite/zt-vrahf41g-ik1v7fV8du6t0RwxSrJ96A), we would love to discuss topics that need community contribution and enhancements to existing features.
+If you haven't already, join our slack workspace [here](https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url), we would love to discuss topics that need community contribution and enhancements to existing features.
+
+## Ticket first, PR second
+
+**Open a ticket and wait for feedback before you open a pull request.** Every PR
+that changes behavior must link to an issue the NetBird team has agreed on. A PR
+that arrives without one may be closed and redirected to a discussion, no matter
+how good the code is.
+
+Issues in this repository are maintainer-curated work items, so the flow starts
+in [Discussions](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions):
+
+1. **Open a discussion.** Use
+   [Issue Triage](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions/new?category=issue-triage)
+   for a bug, regression, or unexpected behavior, and
+   [Ideas & Feature Requests](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions/new?category=ideas-feature-requests)
+   for a feature, enhancement, or integration idea. Setup and usage questions
+   belong in
+   [Q&A / Support](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions/new?category=q-a-support).
+   Never report a security vulnerability in public — follow the
+   [security policy](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/security/policy)
+   instead.
+2. **Wait for feedback.** DevRel validates and reproduces the report, and a
+   maintainer confirms the direction. We may ask for more detail or propose a
+   different approach. Validated discussions become issues.
+3. **Then write the code**, following the approach agreed in the issue, and open
+   the PR linking that issue.
+
+Trivial fixes — a typo, a broken link, a documentation correction, or a one-line
+fix that already has an issue — can go straight to a PR. Everything else starts
+with a ticket. When in doubt, ask in the discussion or on
+[Slack](https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url); an hour of conversation up front
+regularly saves a week of rework.
+
+### High-risk areas
+
+These always need the design discussed and agreed in the issue **before** you
+write code:
+
+- **Public API** — REST / management API, OpenAPI schema, dashboard-facing contracts
+- **gRPC protocols** — management, signal, relay, and client daemon protos
+- **Functionality behavior** — anything existing deployments would experience differently after an upgrade
+- **Peer connectivity** — ICE and NAT traversal, relay selection, WireGuard® and Rosenpass key handling
+- **Client system integration** — routing, firewall, DNS, and interface management
+- **Authentication and authorization** — IdP integration, tokens, permissions, cryptography
+- **CLI / service flags**, configuration file format, and daemon IPC
+- **Store and database schema** — models and migrations
+- **New features**
+
+These surfaces are NetBird's contract with operators, self-hosters, and
+downstream integrators, and changes to them have compatibility, security, and
+release-planning implications. Agreeing on the direction early lets the PR
+review focus on implementation rather than design.
+
+Typical bug fixes, internal refactors, documentation updates, and tests do not
+need a design discussion, but should still be tied to an issue so the work is
+visible and nobody duplicates it.
+
+### Using AI coding agents
+
+We have no policy for or against using an AI agent to write NetBird code. That
+choice is yours, and we are not going to interrogate anyone about their tools.
+
+What we do have is a lot of incoming contributions that were plainly drafted with
+one, and enough experience reviewing them to see the same avoidable problems
+again and again: no ticket behind the change, a diff far too large to review, a
+description longer than the code it describes, an approach that was never going
+to be accepted, and an author who cannot answer questions about their own PR.
+None of that is caused by the tooling — it is what happens when a tool is pointed
+at a repository whose expectations it has never been told.
+
+So rather than a rule, there is a guide. [AGENTS.md](AGENTS.md) restates the
+expectations from this document in the form agents read automatically
+(`CLAUDE.md` points to it), so pointing your tool at the repository is usually
+enough. Among other things it tells the agent to ask you for the
+discussion or issue before drafting a PR, to keep the change small and
+single-purpose, to run the tests locally, to use this repository's PR template
+and title tags, and to write a description a reviewer can get through.
+
+The guardrails are the point, and they are the same ones we apply to everyone: an
+agreed ticket, a change you have actually run, a diff small enough to review with
+care, and an author who can explain it. Whatever wrote the diff, you are its
+author — you own every line you submit and the consequences of opening a PR with it.
+
+We may assess whether a contribution is maintainable and whether its merged code
+aligns with our security standards and design expectations.
 
 ## Contents
 
 - [Contributing to NetBird](#contributing-to-netbird)
+    - [Ticket first, PR second](#ticket-first-pr-second)
+        - [High-risk areas](#high-risk-areas)
+        - [Using AI coding agents](#using-ai-coding-agents)
     - [Contents](#contents)
     - [Code of conduct](#code-of-conduct)
     - [Directory structure](#directory-structure)
@@ -23,6 +111,8 @@ If you haven't already, join our slack workspace [here](https://join.slack.com/t
         - [Build and start](#build-and-start)
         - [Test suite](#test-suite)
     - [Checklist before submitting a PR](#checklist-before-submitting-a-pr)
+    - [When we close a PR](#when-we-close-a-pr)
+    - [Translations](#translations)
     - [Other project repositories](#other-project-repositories)
     - [Contributor License Agreement](#contributor-license-agreement)
 
@@ -35,32 +125,64 @@ unacceptable behavior to community@netbird.io.
 
 ## Directory structure
 
-The NetBird project monorepo is organized to maintain most of its individual dependencies code within their directories, except for a few auxiliary or shared packages.
+The NetBird project monorepo keeps most of each component's code within its own
+directory, except for a few auxiliary or shared packages. Protocol definitions
+and the client-side service clients live under [/shared](/shared), because both
+the agent and the services import them.
 
-The most important directories are:
+**Agent**
 
-- [/.github](/.github) - Github actions workflow files and issue templates
 - [/client](/client) - NetBird agent code
-- [/client/cmd](/client/cmd) - NetBird agent cli code
+- [/client/cmd](/client/cmd) - NetBird agent CLI code
 - [/client/internal](/client/internal) - NetBird agent business logic code
-- [/client/proto](/client/proto) - NetBird agent daemon GRPC proto files
 - [/client/server](/client/server) - NetBird agent daemon code for background execution
-- [/client/ui](/client/ui) - NetBird agent UI code
-- [/encryption](/encryption) - Contain main encryption code for agent communication
-- [/iface](/iface) - Wireguard® interface code
-- [/infrastructure_files](/infrastructure_files) - Getting started files containing docker and template scripts
+- [/client/proto](/client/proto) - NetBird agent daemon gRPC proto files
+- [/client/iface](/client/iface) - WireGuard® interface code
+- [/client/firewall](/client/firewall) - Platform firewall backends (nftables, iptables, pf, WFP, userspace)
+- [/client/ssh](/client/ssh) - Built-in SSH server and client
+- [/client/ui](/client/ui) - NetBird agent UI code (Wails v3 + React)
+- [/client/android](/client/android), [/client/ios](/client/ios) - Mobile platform bindings
+- [/client/wasm](/client/wasm) - WebAssembly build of the agent
+- [/client/mdm](/client/mdm) - MDM-delivered policy handling
+- [/client/system](/client/system) - Host and system information collection
+
+**Control plane services**
+
 - [/management](/management) - Management service code
-- [/management/client](/management/client) - Management service client code which is imported by the agent code
-- [/management/proto](/management/proto) - Management service GRPC proto files
 - [/management/server](/management/server) - Management service server code
 - [/management/server/http](/management/server/http) - Management service REST API code
+- [/management/server/store](/management/server/store) - Persistence layer and migrations
 - [/management/server/idp](/management/server/idp) - Management service IDP management code
-- [/release_files](/release_files) - Files that goes into release packages
+- [/management/server/peer](/management/server/peer), [/management/server/groups](/management/server/groups), [/management/server/networks](/management/server/networks), [/management/server/posture](/management/server/posture), [/management/server/permissions](/management/server/permissions) - Core domain packages
 - [/signal](/signal) - Signal service code
-- [/signal/client](/signal/client) - Signal service client code which is imported by the agent code
 - [/signal/peer](/signal/peer) - Signal service peer message logic
-- [/signal/proto](/signal/proto) - Signal service GRPC proto files
 - [/signal/server](/signal/server) - Signal service server code
+- [/relay](/relay) - Relay service code
+- [/relay/protocol](/relay/protocol) - Relay wire protocol
+- [/proxy](/proxy) - Identity-aware proxy used by Agent Network (LLM routing, ACME, access logs)
+- [/agent-network](/agent-network) - Agent Network overview and documentation
+- [/upload-server](/upload-server) - Debug bundle upload service
+
+**Shared code**
+
+- [/shared/management/proto](/shared/management/proto) - Management service gRPC proto files
+- [/shared/management/client](/shared/management/client) - Management service client code which is imported by the agent code
+- [/shared/management/http/api](/shared/management/http/api) - OpenAPI specification and generated REST API types
+- [/shared/signal/proto](/shared/signal/proto) - Signal service gRPC proto files
+- [/shared/signal/client](/shared/signal/client) - Signal service client code which is imported by the agent code
+- [/shared/relay](/shared/relay) - Relay client and shared relay types
+- [/shared/auth](/shared/auth), [/shared/sshauth](/shared/sshauth) - Shared authentication primitives
+- [/encryption](/encryption) - Contain main encryption code for agent communication
+- [/dns](/dns), [/route](/route), [/stun](/stun), [/sharedsock](/sharedsock), [/util](/util) - Shared networking and utility primitives
+- [/flow](/flow) - Flow event protocol shared by the agent and Management
+
+**Build, test, and packaging**
+
+- [/.github](/.github) - Github actions workflow files, issue templates, and the pull request template
+- [/e2e](/e2e) - End-to-end test suites and harness
+- [/infrastructure_files](/infrastructure_files) - Getting started files containing docker and template scripts
+- [/release_files](/release_files) - Files that goes into release packages
+- [/tools](/tools) - Development and maintenance tooling
 
 
 ## Development setup
@@ -70,13 +192,21 @@ dependencies are installed. Here is a short guide on how that can be done.
 
 ### Requirements
 
-#### Go 1.21
+#### Go 1.26
 
 Follow the installation guide from https://go.dev/
 
-#### UI client - Fyne toolkit 
+#### UI client - Wails v3 + React
 
-We use the fyne toolkit in our UI client. You can follow its requirement guide to have all its dependencies installed: https://developer.fyne.io/started/#prerequisites
+The desktop UI client (`client/ui`) is built with [Wails v3](https://v3.wails.io/) and a React frontend rendered in a WebView. To build it you need:
+
+- Go ≥ 1.26
+- Node ≥ 20 and **pnpm** (`corepack enable && corepack prepare pnpm@latest --activate`)
+- The `wails3` CLI: `go install github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/cmd/wails3@latest`
+- The `task` runner: `go install github.com/go-task/task/v3/cmd/task@latest`
+- Linux only: `libwebkitgtk-6.0-dev`, `libgtk-4-dev`, `libsoup-3.0-dev`
+
+All UI build, dev-loop, and cross-compile commands are described in the [UI client](#ui-client) section below.
 
 #### gRPC
 You can follow the instructions from the quickstarter guide https://grpc.io/docs/languages/go/quickstart/#prerequisites and then run the `generate.sh` files located in each `proto` directory to generate changes.
@@ -205,6 +335,49 @@ To start NetBird the client in the foreground:
 sudo ./client up --log-level debug --log-file console
 ```
 > On Windows use a powershell with administrator privileges
+
+#### UI client
+
+The desktop UI lives in `client/ui` and is built with Wails v3 (see [Requirements](#ui-client---wails-v3--react)). All commands run from `client/ui`.
+
+Live-reload development (Vite + Go binary + `*.go` watcher):
+
+```
+cd client/ui
+task dev
+```
+
+Pass daemon flags after `--`, pointing the UI at the socket the daemon serves:
+
+```
+task dev -- --daemon-addr=unix:///var/run/netbird.sock   # Linux, macOS
+task dev -- --daemon-addr=npipe://netbird                # Windows
+```
+
+On Windows the daemon serves a named pipe (`npipe://netbird`). Which path that
+ends up being depends on what the daemon may create: as a service or elevated it
+serves `\\.\pipe\ProtectedPrefix\Administrators\netbird`, which no unprivileged
+process can take from it, and otherwise it falls back to `\\.\pipe\netbird`.
+Clients try both and check who owns the pipe before using the plain one. Avoid
+`tcp://127.0.0.1:41731`: loopback TCP carries no caller identity, so the daemon
+refuses the operations that require an administrator and you will not exercise
+those paths.
+
+Production build (frontend assets embedded into the binary, output in `client/ui/bin/`):
+
+```
+cd client/ui
+task build
+```
+
+Cross-compile the Windows binary from Linux (requires the mingw-w64 toolchain, e.g. `sudo apt install gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64`):
+
+```
+CGO_ENABLED=1 task windows:build
+```
+
+> macOS cross-compile from Linux is not supported (signing and notarization need a real Mac).
+
 #### Signal service
 
 To start NetBird's signal, execute:
@@ -242,10 +415,10 @@ Create dist directory
 mkdir -p dist/netbird_windows_amd64
 ```
 
-UI client
+UI client (built with Wails v3 — see the [UI client](#ui-client) section above)
 ```shell
-CC=x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build -o netbird-ui.exe -ldflags "-s -w -H windowsgui" ./client/ui
-mv netbird-ui.exe ./dist/netbird_windows_amd64/
+(cd client/ui && CGO_ENABLED=1 task windows:build)
+mv client/ui/bin/netbird-ui.exe ./dist/netbird_windows_amd64/
 ```
 
 Client
@@ -274,25 +447,183 @@ The installer `netbird-installer.exe` will be created in root directory.
 
 ### Test suite
 
-The tests can be started via:
+The host-safe unit tests run as a normal user and leave host networking
+untouched:
 
 ```
-cd netbird
-go test -exec sudo ./...
+make test-unit
 ```
+
+Tests that need root and mutate host networking (firewall, routing, interface
+management) carry the `privileged` build tag and run inside a
+`--privileged --cap-add=NET_ADMIN` Docker container:
+
+```
+make test-privileged
+```
+
+Narrow a privileged run with environment variables:
+
+```
+PRIV_RUN=TestNftablesManager PRIV_PKGS=./client/firewall/nftables/... make test-privileged
+```
+
+Single packages can be run directly, adding `-race` when the change touches
+shared state:
+
+```
+go test -race ./client/internal/dns/...
+```
+
 > On Windows use a powershell with administrator privileges
 
-> Non-GTK environments will need the `libayatana-appindicator3-dev` (debian/ubuntu) package installed
-
 ## Checklist before submitting a PR
-As a critical network service and open-source project, we must enforce a few things before submitting the pull-requests:
+
+As a critical network service and open source project, we must enforce a few
+things before submitting a pull request. The
+[pull request template](/.github/pull_request_template.md) mirrors this list —
+fill it in rather than deleting it.
+
+### Link the issue
+
+The PR description must link the agreed issue (or the validated discussion it
+came from). See [Ticket first, PR second](#ticket-first-pr-second).
+
+### Run it locally
+
+**If you can't run it, you can't submit it.** Build the affected components and
+exercise the change on a real setup — see [Build and start](#build-and-start).
+"CI will tell me" is not acceptable for a VPN agent that runs as root on other
+people's machines.
+
+### Green CI, and answer the bots
+
+We do not start reviewing while CI is red. Get the pipeline green first — a
+failing build, lint, or test means the PR is not ready for review.
+
+Alongside the test workflows, your PR is reviewed by CodeRabbit and scanned by
+SonarCloud, Snyk, and Codecov. Read what they report and either fix it or reply
+with why it does not apply; please do not resolve the threads without a
+response. They are not always right — this codebase has privileged,
+platform-specific, and concurrency-heavy paths that static analysis reads poorly
+— so push back when a finding is wrong rather than changing correct code to
+silence it. Security and dependency findings are the exception: treat those as
+real until shown otherwise. Do not edit workflows, thresholds, or scanner
+configuration to make a check pass.
+
+### One PR, one purpose
+
+Bug fix, refactor, feature: separate PRs. Mixed PRs are slow to review, hard to
+revert, and may be closed with a request to split them.
+
+### Keep it small
+
+Size is the strongest predictor of how long a PR waits for review. Aim for under
+roughly 400 changed lines across under 20 files. Past about 1000 lines or 50
+files, expect to be asked to split the change — and large PRs from outside the
+core team may be blocked until the scope has been agreed in a ticket. This is
+not only about reviewer time: NetBird's agent runs as root on other people's
+machines, and a sprawling diff cannot be reviewed with the care that deserves.
+
+Measure by hand-written code, excluding generated output, `go.sum`, and
+fixtures. If a change genuinely cannot be small — a protocol migration, a
+cross-component rename — agree the split in the issue before you start, and land
+it as a series of PRs that each build and make sense on their own.
+
+### Avoid force-pushing during review
+
+Once a PR is open, push new commits instead of rewriting history. A force-push
+detaches existing review comments from their lines, throws away the
+"changes since your last review" diff, and loses the CI history that showed
+which commit broke what. Since we squash on merge, there is nothing to gain from
+a tidy branch history.
+
+Force-pushing is sometimes unavoidable — rebasing to clear a real conflict, or
+removing a secret or large binary committed by mistake. When that happens, leave
+a comment on the PR so reviewers know their anchors moved.
+
+### Quality checks
+
+Run these from the repository root before pushing:
+
+```shell
+go fmt ./...
+make lint        # golangci-lint on files changed against origin/main
+make lint-all    # full-repository lint, matches CI
+make test-unit   # host-safe unit tests
+```
+
+`make setup-hooks` wires `make lint` into a pre-push hook so the fast lint runs
+automatically. If your change touches privileged paths (firewall, routing,
+interface management), also run `make test-privileged`, which executes the
+`privileged`-tagged suite inside a Docker container with `NET_ADMIN`.
+
+### Code standards
+
 - Keep functions as simple as possible, with a single purpose
 - Use private functions and constants where possible
 - Comment on any new public functions
 - Add unit tests for any new public function
+- Comment the **why**, not the **what** — explain non-obvious decisions, invariants, and constraints, not the line below
+- Keep comments within 90 characters per line and roughly 250 characters per comment; when a block needs more explanation than that, extract a named function instead of writing a longer comment (see [AGENTS.md](AGENTS.md#length-budget))
+
+### PR title and commits
+
+PR titles must start with a bracketed tag, enforced by
+[pr-title-check.yml](/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml):
+
+```text
+[client] Authorize daemon IPC callers by their local identity
+[management,client] Add MDM policy support
+```
+
+Use a comma-separated list inside a single pair of brackets when a change spans
+components. The `allowedTags` array in
+[pr-title-check.yml](/.github/workflows/pr-title-check.yml) is the source of
+truth — at the time of writing it accepts `management`, `client`, `signal`,
+`proxy`, `relay`, `misc`, `infrastructure`, `self-hosted`, and `doc`.
+
+Commit subjects follow the same convention — keep them short and put the
+reasoning in the body, why before what, with no bullet list of files changed.
+
+Keep the PR description itself under 1000 words on top of the template text.
+Reviewers read the diff; the description explains what the diff cannot.
 
 > When pushing fixes to the PR comments, please push as separate commits; we will squash the PR before merging, so there is no need to squash it before pushing it, and we are more than okay with 10-100 commits in a single PR. This helps review the fixes to the requested changes.
 
+### Documentation
+
+User-facing changes need a matching PR in
+[netbirdio/docs](https://github.com/netbirdio/docs); link it in the PR
+description, or state why documentation is not needed.
+
+## When we close a PR
+
+We would rather redirect early than let a PR sit. We may close one if:
+
+- It changes behavior with no linked issue, or the approach was never agreed with a maintainer
+- The change was clearly never run or tested locally
+- CI has been red without a response
+- It mixes unrelated purposes, or the purpose is not clear
+- It is far too large to review and the scope was never agreed in a ticket
+- The author cannot answer questions about their own change — including PRs that read as unreviewed model output, where review turns into a relay between the maintainer and an LLM. Tooling is fine; unreviewed output is not, you are responsible for the code you sign your name to
+- There has been no activity for 14 days after we requested changes
+
+A closed PR is not a rejected idea. Take it back to the
+[discussion](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions), settle the
+approach, and reopen the work from there.
+
+## Translations
+
+Desktop UI translations are not contributed through pull requests. Translate on
+[Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/project/netbird) instead: no ticket needed, just
+join the project and pick your language. Crowdin syncs with this repository and
+opens the service PRs itself, so hand-edited locale files would conflict with
+the next sync. Style, terminology, and review guidance live in
+[client/ui/i18n/TRANSLATING.md](client/ui/i18n/TRANSLATING.md). To request a
+language the project does not offer yet, ask on the Crowdin project page or in
+a [discussion](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions).
+
 ## Other project repositories
 
 NetBird project is composed of 3 main repositories:
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 5d52b94fa..0a4fad2f2 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.PHONY: lint lint-all lint-install setup-hooks
+.PHONY: lint lint-all lint-install setup-hooks test-unit test-privileged
 GOLANGCI_LINT := $(shell pwd)/bin/golangci-lint
 
 # Install golangci-lint locally if needed
@@ -25,3 +25,15 @@ setup-hooks:
 	@git config core.hooksPath .githooks
 	@chmod +x .githooks/pre-push
 	@echo "✅ Git hooks configured! Pre-push will now run 'make lint'"
+
+# Host-safe unit tests: excludes the privileged-tagged tests (root / system-mutating).
+# Runs as a normal user with no sudo and leaves host networking untouched.
+test-unit:
+	@go test -tags devcert -timeout 10m ./...
+
+# Privileged suite: runs the `privileged`-tagged tests inside a --privileged
+# --cap-add=NET_ADMIN container via the ory/dockertest harness. Requires Docker.
+# Narrow the run with env vars, e.g.:
+#   PRIV_RUN=TestNftablesManager PRIV_PKGS=./client/firewall/nftables/... make test-privileged
+test-privileged:
+	@go test -tags 'devcert privileged' -timeout 30m -run TestRunPrivilegedSuiteInDocker -v ./client/testutil/privileged/...
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index dc84af2fd..336332043 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,54 +1,46 @@
 
 <div align="center">
-<br/>
-  <br/>
-<p align="center">
-  <img width="234" src="docs/media/logo-full.png"/>
-</p>
-  <p>
-   <a href="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD--3-blue)">
-       <img src="https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=netbirdio_netbird&metric=alert_status" />
-     </a> 
-     <a href="https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/LICENSE">
-       <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD--3-blue" />
-     </a> 
-    <br>
+  <p align="center">
+    <img width="234" src="docs/media/logo-full.png" alt="NetBird logo"/>
+  </p>
+  <p align="center">
+    <a href="https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=netbirdio_netbird">
+      <img src="https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=netbirdio_netbird&metric=alert_status" alt="SonarCloud alert status"/>
+    </a>
+    <a href="https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/blob/main/LICENSE">
+      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/license-BSD--3-blue" alt="BSD-3 License"/>
+    </a>
     <a href="https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url">
-        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/slack-@netbird-red.svg?logo=slack"/>
-     </a>
+      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/slack-@netbird-red.svg?logo=slack" alt="NetBird Slack"/>
+    </a>
     <a href="https://forum.netbird.io">
-        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community forum-@netbird-red.svg?logo=discourse"/>
-     </a>  
-     <br>
+      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/community%20forum-@netbird-red.svg?logo=discourse" alt="Community forum"/>
+    </a>
     <a href="https://gurubase.io/g/netbird">
-        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Gurubase-Ask%20NetBird%20Guru-006BFF"/>
-     </a>    
+      <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Gurubase-Ask%20NetBird%20Guru-006BFF" alt="Gurubase: Ask NetBird Guru"/>
+    </a>
   </p>
 </div>
 
-
 <p align="center">
-<strong>
-  Start using NetBird at <a href="https://netbird.io/pricing">netbird.io</a>
+  <strong>
+    Start using NetBird at <a href="https://netbird.io/pricing">netbird.io</a>
+    <br/>
+    See <a href="https://docs.netbird.io/">Documentation</a>
+    <br/>
+    Join our <a href="https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url">Slack channel</a> or our <a href="https://forum.netbird.io">Community forum</a>
+  </strong>
   <br/>
-  See <a href="https://netbird.io/docs/">Documentation</a>
   <br/>
-   Join our <a href="https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url">Slack channel</a> or our <a href="https://forum.netbird.io">Community forum</a>
-  <br/>
- 
-</strong>
-<br>
-<strong>
-  🚀 <a href="https://careers.netbird.io">We are hiring! Join us at careers.netbird.io</a>
-</strong>
-<br>
-<br>
-<a href="https://registry.terraform.io/providers/netbirdio/netbird/latest">
-    New: NetBird terraform provider
-  </a> 
+  <strong>
+    🚀 <a href="https://netbird.io/careers">We are hiring! Join us at https://netbird.io/careers</a>
+  </strong>
 </p>
 
-<br>
+> ### 🤖 NetBird Agent Network (Beta)
+> Identity-aware access control for AI agents — keyless access to LLM APIs and private
+> resources over the encrypted NetBird tunnel. See [`agent-network/`](agent-network/) or
+> read the docs at **[netbird.ai](https://netbird.ai)**.
 
 **NetBird combines a configuration-free peer-to-peer private network and a centralized access control system in a single platform, making it easy to create secure private networks for your organization or home.**
 
@@ -56,92 +48,92 @@
 
 **Secure.** NetBird enables secure remote access by applying granular access policies while allowing you to manage them intuitively from a single place. Works universally on any infrastructure.
 
-### Open Source Network Security in a Single Platform
-
 https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/10cec749-bb56-4ab3-97af-4e38850108d2
 
-### Self-Host NetBird (Video)
+### Self-host NetBird (video)
+
 [![Watch the video](https://img.youtube.com/vi/bZAgpT6nzaQ/0.jpg)](https://youtu.be/bZAgpT6nzaQ)
 
 ### Key features
 
-| Connectivity | Management | Security | Automation| Platforms |
-|----|----|----|----|----|
-| <ul><li>- \[x] Kernel WireGuard</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Admin Web UI](https://github.com/netbirdio/dashboard)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [SSO & MFA support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/installation#running-net-bird-with-sso-login)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Public API](https://docs.netbird.io/api)</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Linux</ul></li> |
-| <ul><li>- \[x] Peer-to-peer connections</ul></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Auto peer discovery and configuration</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Access control - groups & rules](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-network-access)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Setup keys for bulk network provisioning](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Mac</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li>- \[x] Connection relay fallback</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [IdP integrations](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Activity logging](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/audit-events-logging)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Self-hosting quickstart script](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Windows</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li>- \[x] [Routes to external networks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/routing-traffic-to-private-networks)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Private DNS](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-dns-in-your-network)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Device posture checks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-posture-checks)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] IdP groups sync with JWT</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Android</ui></li> |
-| <ul><li>- \[x] NAT traversal with BPF</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] [Multiuser support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/add-users-to-your-network)</ui></li> | <ul><li>- \[x] Peer-to-peer encryption</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] iOS</ui></li> |
-||| <ul><li>- \[x] [Quantum-resistance with Rosenpass](https://netbird.io/knowledge-hub/the-first-quantum-resistant-mesh-vpn)</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] OpenWRT</ui></li> |
-||| <ul><li>- \[x] [Periodic re-authentication](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/enforce-periodic-user-authentication)</ui></li> || <ul><li>- \[x] [Serverless](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/netbird-on-faas)</ui></li> |
-||||| <ul><li>- \[x] Docker</ui></li> |
+| Connectivity | Management | Security | Automation | Platforms |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| ✓ [Kernel WireGuard](https://docs.netbird.io/about-netbird/why-wireguard-with-netbird) | ✓ [Admin Web UI](https://github.com/netbirdio/dashboard) | ✓ [SSO & MFA support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/installation#running-net-bird-with-sso-login) | ✓ [Public API](https://docs.netbird.io/api) | ✓ [Linux](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/linux) |
+| ✓ [Peer-to-peer connections](https://docs.netbird.io/about-netbird/how-netbird-works) | ✓ Auto peer discovery and configuration | ✓ [Access control: groups & rules](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-network-access) | ✓ [Setup keys for bulk provisioning](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/register-machines-using-setup-keys) | ✓ [macOS](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/macos) |
+| ✓ Connection relay fallback | ✓ [IdP integrations](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers) | ✓ [Activity logging](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/audit-events-logging) | ✓ [Self-hosting quickstart script](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart) | ✓ [Windows](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/windows) |
+| ✓ [Routes to external networks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/routing-traffic-to-private-networks) | ✓ [Private DNS](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-dns-in-your-network) | ✓ [Traffic events](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/activity/traffic-events-logging) | ✓ [IdP groups sync with JWT](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/team/idp-sync) | ✓ [Android](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/android) |
+| ✓ [Domain-based DNS routes](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/dns/dns-aliases-for-routed-networks) | ✓ [Custom DNS zones](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/dns/custom-zones) | ✓ [Device posture checks](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/manage-posture-checks) | ✓ [Terraform provider](https://registry.terraform.io/providers/netbirdio/netbird/latest) | ✓ [Android TV](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/android-tv) |
+| ✓ [Exit nodes](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/network-routes/use-cases/exit-nodes) | ✓ [Multiuser support](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/add-users-to-your-network) | ✓ Peer-to-peer encryption | ✓ [Ansible collection](https://github.com/netbirdio/ansible-netbird) | ✓ [iOS](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/ios) |
+| ✓ [IPv6 dual-stack overlay](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/settings/ipv6) | ✓ [Multi-account profile switching](https://docs.netbird.io/client/profiles) | ✓ [SSH with central access policies](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/peers/ssh) | | ✓ [Apple TV](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/tvos) |
+| ✓ [Browser SSH & RDP](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/peers/browser-client) | | ✓ [Quantum-resistance with Rosenpass](https://netbird.io/knowledge-hub/the-first-quantum-resistant-mesh-vpn) | | ✓ FreeBSD |
+| ✓ [Reverse proxy with auto-TLS](https://docs.netbird.io/manage/reverse-proxy) | | ✓ [Periodic re-authentication](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/enforce-periodic-user-authentication) | | ✓ [pfSense](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/pfsense) |
+| | | | | ✓ [OPNsense](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/opnsense) |
+| | | | | ✓ [MikroTik RouterOS](https://docs.netbird.io/use-cases/homelab/client-on-mikrotik-router) |
+| | | | | ✓ OpenWRT |
+| | | | | ✓ [Synology](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/synology) |
+| | | | | ✓ [TrueNAS](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/truenas) |
+| | | | | ✓ [Proxmox](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/proxmox-ve) |
+| | | | | ✓ [Raspberry Pi](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/raspberrypi) |
+| | | | | ✓ [Serverless](https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/netbird-on-faas) |
+| | | | | ✓ [Container](https://docs.netbird.io/get-started/install/docker) |
 
 ### Quickstart with NetBird Cloud
 
-- Download and install NetBird at [https://app.netbird.io/install](https://app.netbird.io/install)
-- Follow the steps to sign-up with Google, Microsoft, GitHub or your email address.
-- Check NetBird [admin UI](https://app.netbird.io/).
-- Add more machines.
+- Download and install NetBird at [https://app.netbird.io/install](https://app.netbird.io/install).
+- Follow the steps to sign up with Google, Microsoft, GitHub or your email address.
+- Check the NetBird [admin UI](https://app.netbird.io/).
 
 ### Quickstart with self-hosted NetBird
 
-> This is the quickest way to try self-hosted NetBird. It should take around 5 minutes to get started if you already have a public domain and a VM.
-Follow the [Advanced guide with a custom identity provider](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-guide#advanced-guide-with-a-custom-identity-provider) for installations with different IDPs.
+This is the quickest way to try self-hosted NetBird. It should take around 5 minutes to get started if you already have a public domain and a VM. Follow the [Advanced guide with a custom identity provider](https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-guide#advanced-guide-with-a-custom-identity-provider) for installations with different IdPs.
 
 **Infrastructure requirements:**
-- A Linux VM with at least **1CPU** and **2GB** of memory.
-- The VM should be publicly accessible on TCP ports **80** and **443** and UDP port: **3478**.
-- **Public domain** name pointing to the VM.
+- A Linux VM with at least **1 CPU** and **2 GB** of memory.
+- The VM should be publicly accessible on TCP ports **80** and **443** and UDP port **3478**.
+- A **public domain** name pointing to the VM.
 
 **Software requirements:**
-- Docker installed on the VM with the docker-compose plugin ([Docker installation guide](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/)) or docker with docker-compose in version 2 or higher.
-- [jq](https://jqlang.github.io/jq/) installed. In most distributions
-  Usually available in the official repositories and can be installed with `sudo apt install jq` or `sudo yum install jq`
-- [curl](https://curl.se/) installed.
-  Usually available in the official repositories and can be installed with `sudo apt install curl` or `sudo yum install curl`
+- Docker with the Compose plugin (Compose v2 or higher). See the [Docker installation guide](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/).
 
 **Steps**
 - Download and run the installation script:
 ```bash
 export NETBIRD_DOMAIN=netbird.example.com; curl -fsSL https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/latest/download/getting-started.sh | bash
 ```
-- Once finished, you can manage the resources via `docker-compose`
 
 ### A bit on NetBird internals
--  Every machine in the network runs [NetBird Agent (or Client)](client/) that manages WireGuard.
--  Every agent connects to [Management Service](management/) that holds network state, manages peer IPs, and distributes network updates to agents (peers).
--  NetBird agent uses WebRTC ICE implemented in [pion/ice library](https://github.com/pion/ice) to discover connection candidates when establishing a peer-to-peer connection between machines.
--  Connection candidates are discovered with the help of [STUN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STUN) servers.
--  Agents negotiate a connection through [Signal Service](signal/) passing p2p encrypted messages with candidates.
--  Sometimes the NAT traversal is unsuccessful due to strict NATs (e.g. mobile carrier-grade NAT) and a p2p connection isn't possible. When this occurs the system falls back to a relay server called [TURN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traversal_Using_Relays_around_NAT), and a secure WireGuard tunnel is established via the TURN server. 
- 
-[Coturn](https://github.com/coturn/coturn) is the one that has been successfully used for STUN and TURN in NetBird setups.
+- Every machine in the network runs the [NetBird agent](client/), which manages WireGuard.
+- Every agent connects to the [Management Service](management/), which holds network state, manages peer IPs, and distributes updates to agents.
+- Agents use ICE (via [pion/ice](https://github.com/pion/ice)) to discover connection candidates for peer-to-peer connections.
+- Candidates are discovered with the help of [STUN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STUN) servers.
+- Agents negotiate a connection through the [Signal Service](signal/), exchanging end-to-end encrypted messages with candidates.
+- When NAT traversal fails (e.g. mobile carrier-grade NAT) and a direct p2p connection isn't possible, the system falls back to a [Relay Service](relay/) and a secure WireGuard tunnel is established through it.
 
 <p float="left" align="middle">
-  <img src="https://docs.netbird.io/docs-static/img/about-netbird/high-level-dia.png" width="700"/>
+  <img src="https://docs.netbird.io/docs-static/img/about-netbird/high-level-dia.png" width="700" alt="NetBird high-level architecture diagram"/>
 </p>
 
 See a complete [architecture overview](https://docs.netbird.io/about-netbird/how-netbird-works#architecture) for details.
 
 ### Community projects
--  [NetBird installer script](https://github.com/physk/netbird-installer)
--  [NetBird ansible collection by Dominion Solutions](https://galaxy.ansible.com/ui/repo/published/dominion_solutions/netbird/)
--  [netbird-tui](https://github.com/n0pashkov/netbird-tui) — terminal UI for managing NetBird peers, routes, and settings
+- [NetBird installer script](https://github.com/physk/netbird-installer)
+- [netbird-tui](https://github.com/n0pashkov/netbird-tui) - terminal UI for managing NetBird peers, routes, and settings
+- [caddy-netbird](https://github.com/lixmal/caddy-netbird) - Caddy plugin that embeds a NetBird client for proxying HTTP and TCP/UDP traffic through NetBird networks
 
 **Note**: The `main` branch may be in an *unstable or even broken state* during development.
 For stable versions, see [releases](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases).
 
 ### Support acknowledgement
 
-In November 2022, NetBird joined the [StartUpSecure program](https://www.forschung-it-sicherheit-kommunikationssysteme.de/foerderung/bekanntmachungen/startup-secure) sponsored by The Federal Ministry of Education and Research of The Federal Republic of Germany. Together with [CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security](https://cispa.de/en) NetBird brings the security best practices and simplicity to private networking.
+In November 2022, NetBird joined the [StartUpSecure program](https://www.forschung-it-sicherheit-kommunikationssysteme.de/foerderung/bekanntmachungen/startup-secure) sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of the Federal Republic of Germany. Together with the [CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security](https://cispa.de/en), NetBird brings security best practices and simplicity to private networking.
 
 ![CISPA_Logo_BLACK_EN_RZ_RGB (1)](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/700848/203091324-c6d311a0-22b5-4b05-a288-91cbc6cdcc46.png)
 
-### Testimonials
-We use open-source technologies like [WireGuard®](https://www.wireguard.com/), [Pion ICE (WebRTC)](https://github.com/pion/ice), [Coturn](https://github.com/coturn/coturn), and [Rosenpass](https://rosenpass.eu). We very much appreciate the work these guys are doing and we'd greatly appreciate if you could support them in any way (e.g., by giving a star or a contribution).
+### Acknowledgements
+We build on open source technologies like [WireGuard®](https://www.wireguard.com/), [Pion ICE](https://github.com/pion/ice), and [Rosenpass](https://rosenpass.eu). We greatly appreciate the work these projects are doing, and we'd love it if you could support them too (e.g., by starring or contributing).
 
 ### Legal
-This repository is licensed under BSD-3-Clause license that applies to all parts of the repository except for the directories management/, signal/ and relay/.
+This repository is licensed under the BSD-3-Clause license, which applies to all parts of the repository except for the directories management/, signal/ and relay/.
 Those directories are licensed under the GNU Affero General Public License version 3.0 (AGPLv3). See the respective LICENSE files inside each directory.
 
 _WireGuard_ and the _WireGuard_ logo are [registered trademarks](https://www.wireguard.com/trademark-policy/) of Jason A. Donenfeld.
diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md
index 745c66e61..cbcc975ba 100644
--- a/SECURITY.md
+++ b/SECURITY.md
@@ -1,12 +1,70 @@
 # Security Policy
 
-NetBird's goal is to provide a secure network. If you find a vulnerability or bug, please report it by opening an issue [here](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/issues/new?assignees=&labels=&template=bug-issue-report.md&title=) or by contacting us by email.
-
-There has yet to be an official bug bounty program for the NetBird project.
-
-## Supported Versions
-- We currently support only the latest version
+NetBird's goal is to provide a secure network. The client runs as a privileged service on every machine it is installed on,
+so we take reports about it seriously and we publish what we fix.
 
 ## Reporting a Vulnerability
 
-Please report security issues to `security@netbird.io`
+**Please do not open a public issue for a security vulnerability.** Public issues are visible to everyone, including before
+a fix is available.
+
+Report security issues one of these two ways:
+
+- **GitHub private vulnerability reporting** — [open a private report](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/security/advisories/new)
+  on this repository. This is the preferred route: it keeps the discussion, the draft advisory, and the credit in one place.
+- **Email** — `security@netbird.io`.
+
+If the finding affects NetBird Cloud or our hosted infrastructure rather than the open source code, email us rather than
+filing a repository report.
+
+### What to include
+
+A report is easier to act on when it contains:
+
+- The affected component (client, management, signal, relay, dashboard) and the version or commit you tested
+- The platform and configuration, where relevant — operating system, self-hosted or NetBird Cloud, container or host install
+- What an attacker needs before they can exploit it: network position, an account, local access, a specific privilege level
+- Steps to reproduce, and a proof of concept if you have one
+- The impact you believe it has
+
+Partial reports are still welcome. If you are unsure whether something is a security issue, send it to `security@netbird.io`
+and let us make that call.
+
+## What to expect from us
+
+- **We acknowledge your report** and tell you whether we can reproduce it.
+- **We work with you on severity and scope.** If we assess it differently than you do, we will explain why rather than
+  silently downgrade it.
+- **We fix and release**, then publish a [GitHub Security Advisory](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/security/advisories)
+  naming the affected version range and the patched version.
+- **We credit reporters who want to be credited.** Tell us the name or handle you would like used, or that you would rather
+  stay anonymous.
+- **We keep you in the loop** until the advisory is published.
+
+We ask that you give us a reasonable opportunity to ship a fix before disclosing the issue publicly, and that you avoid
+accessing, modifying, or exfiltrating data belonging to other people while testing. Testing against your own installation
+or your own account is always fine.
+
+## Supported Versions
+
+We support the latest release. Security fixes ship in the next version rather than as backports to older releases, so
+upgrading to the current release is how you get them.
+
+Release notifications are available by watching [releases](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases).
+
+## Published advisories
+
+Every vulnerability we fix is published as a GitHub Security Advisory on the
+[advisories page](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/security/advisories), including the affected version range, the
+patched version, and the reporter's credit. Advisories for the Go module are also distributed through the Go vulnerability
+database, so `govulncheck` will report them against your dependencies.
+
+## Bug bounty
+
+There is no official bug bounty program for the NetBird project. We credit reporters in advisories, and we are grateful for
+the work, but we cannot currently offer payment for reports.
+
+## Non-security bugs
+
+For bugs that are not security issues, please use the
+[issue tracker](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions/new/choose).
diff --git a/agent-network/README.md b/agent-network/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..029ada299
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent-network/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+# NetBird Agent Network
+
+Agent Network is NetBird's access control layer for AI agents and the people who run them. 
+It gives every agent a real identity, tied to an identity provider (IdP), and governs what it can reach: LLM APIs and 
+AI gateways it can call, and the internal resources it can access. Traffic flows only over the encrypted NetBird tunnel, 
+scoped by policy, with no API keys or other credentials to leak. It also gives you control over cost and token usage.
+
+Because every LLM request passes through an
+identity-aware proxy, you can:
+
+- **Set spending and rate limits** per agent, per user, or per team — with hard caps
+  that stop requests once a budget is reached.
+- **Restrict models and providers** so agents can only call approved (and cost-appropriate)
+  endpoints, keeping expensive models off-limits unless explicitly allowed.
+- **Attribute usage** by tracking token consumption and cost per identity, group, or cost center so every
+  request is tied back to the agent and person responsible.
+- **Reuse your existing AI gateway** — point the proxy at a gateway you already run,
+  keeping its routing and config in place while it adds identity on top, so you skip
+  API key distribution.
+
+https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/44d18286-d8ab-49f8-a457-98ccd66f3268
+
+> **Beta.** Agent Network is in beta, but it's stable and already running in
+> production environments. It's fully open source and can be self-hosted on your own
+> infrastructure, with no vendor lock-in and no data leaving your environment.
+
+## How it works
+
+Say you have a simple use case: your Engineering or IT team needs access to Claude Code or Codex, and you want visibility into usage plus the ability to enforce budgets.
+How can you do that without creating a dedicated API key for every team?
+
+With Agent Network you get a private endpoint inside your network, for example: https://mirror.netbird.ai
+Teams configure their agents to point to that endpoint instead of using individual API keys directly. 
+
+This endpoint is only reachable when users are connected to your NetBird network and authenticated through your IdP. Otherwise, it is not accessible from the public internet.
+You can then use this private endpoint to configure your AI agents, whether that is Claude Code, Codex, or another tool.
+
+## Quickstart
+
+Full step-by-step setup:
+**https://docs.netbird.io/agent-network/quickstart**
+
+## Client settings that don't follow the endpoint
+
+Most of an agent's traffic follows the base URL you hand it, but a few
+client-side checks call their vendor directly and never reach the proxy. On a
+network that blocks direct egress they fail even though inference works, so
+they are worth setting once when you roll the endpoint out.
+
+For Claude Code:
+
+- **Fast mode** checks availability against `api.anthropic.com` rather than the
+  configured base URL. Set `CLAUDE_CODE_SKIP_FAST_MODE_ORG_CHECK=1` when the
+  agent authenticates with `ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN` alone (the usual shape when
+  the proxy injects the real provider key) or when a TLS-inspecting proxy
+  answers the check itself. Set
+  `CLAUDE_CODE_SKIP_FAST_MODE_NETWORK_ERRORS=1` when the network refuses the
+  connection outright. Fast mode is an Anthropic-API feature, so it is
+  unavailable on a Bedrock- or Vertex-backed endpoint whatever you set.
+- **Model discovery** is off by default. Set
+  `CLAUDE_CODE_ENABLE_GATEWAY_MODEL_DISCOVERY=1` for the picker to list the
+  models your policies authorise; the proxy filters the response to that set.
+  The client gives discovery a three-second budget and treats any redirect as
+  a failure, so the endpoint must serve `/v1/models` directly.
+- **The WebFetch domain safety check** also calls `api.anthropic.com` directly
+  and is unaffected by the variables above.
+
+Allowing direct egress to `api.anthropic.com` covers the network cases but not
+the credential one, where the check reaches Anthropic and is rejected because
+the agent presents a proxy-issued key.
+
+## Architecture 
+
+Agent Network is built on two existing NetBird capabilities:
+
+- **Overlay network** — the encrypted WireGuard mesh between peers.
+- **Reverse proxy** — a NetBird peer that terminates LLM requests, establishes the
+  caller's identity, evaluates policies/limits/guardrails, injects the upstream provider
+  key server-side, forwards to the API or gateway, and records usage.
+
+LLM traffic is routed through the proxy's identity-aware pipeline, while internal
+resources (databases, internal APIs, self-hosted models) are reached directly over
+peer-to-peer WireGuard tunnels, governed by the same identities and access policies.
+
+<img width="4720" height="2218" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1afa5da1-4b82-4f8a-a7a8-f417efadf1eb" />
+
+
+## Where the code lives
+
+There is no separate "agent-network" service — it reuses the reverse-proxy and management
+components:
+
+- [`proxy/`](../proxy) — the NetBird reverse proxy that serves the agent network endpoint
+  and runs the per-request middleware pipeline.
+- [`management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/`](../management/internals/modules/reverseproxy)
+  — the management-side control plane: providers, policies, guardrails, limits, routing,
+  and usage/access logs.
+
+## Access roles
+
+Agent Network permissions build on the account permission matrix
+([`management/server/permissions/`](../management/server/permissions)). The
+`agent_network` area is split into dotted submodules (`agent_network.providers`,
+`.policies`, `.guardrails`, `.budgets`, `.usage`, `.logs`, `.settings`); a role may
+grant a single submodule or the parent, which cascades to all of them.
+
+Two roles delegate Agent Network access without account-admin rights:
+
+- **`agent_network_admin`** — full control over the whole `agent_network` area plus
+  read-only users, groups, peers, and account info (needed to build policies).
+  Nothing else in the account.
+- **`usage_viewer`** — the regular User baseline plus read on
+  `agent_network.usage` (the aggregated usage and cost overview) and read-only
+  access to the resources the usage filters resolve against: users, groups,
+  peers, and the provider list (connection config redacted — no upstream URLs
+  or operator-supplied header values). No policies, and no account-wide
+  request-level access logs; like any caller, it still reads its own requests
+  through the self-scoped endpoints below.
+
+Every authenticated user, regardless of role, can read the caller-scoped
+self-service endpoint `GET /api/agent-network/agent-config` (the endpoint, providers,
+and models the caller's own policies allow — what a local AI tool needs and nothing
+more). The regular usage and access-log endpoints self-scope instead of denying:
+a caller without the account-wide grant gets their own rows back, so "my usage"
+and "my requests" are the same endpoints the admin dashboard uses. The provider
+list self-scopes the same way — a caller without the providers grant gets the
+providers their own policies authorize, reduced to the display surface, with
+each provider's model list cut to what the caller's policy guardrails and the
+provider's declared models effectively permit (the same computation the setup
+answer and the proxy use). This feeds the dashboard's provider and model
+filters. Role
+definitions live in
+[`management/server/permissions/roles/`](../management/server/permissions/roles).
+
+## Documentation
+
+Full documentation, architecture, and quickstart:
+**https://docs.netbird.io/agent-network**
diff --git a/client/Dockerfile b/client/Dockerfile
index 64d5ba04f..478b2d0e2 100644
--- a/client/Dockerfile
+++ b/client/Dockerfile
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #   sudo podman build -t localhost/netbird:latest -f client/Dockerfile --ignorefile .dockerignore-client .
 #   sudo podman run --rm -it --cap-add={BPF,NET_ADMIN,NET_RAW} localhost/netbird:latest
 
-FROM alpine:3.23.3
+FROM alpine:3.24
 # iproute2: busybox doesn't display ip rules properly
 RUN apk add --no-cache \
     bash \
@@ -17,10 +17,11 @@ ENV \
     NETBIRD_BIN="/usr/local/bin/netbird" \
     NB_LOG_FILE="console,/var/log/netbird/client.log" \
     NB_DAEMON_ADDR="unix:///var/run/netbird.sock" \
+    NB_ENABLE_CAPTURE="false" \
     NB_ENTRYPOINT_SERVICE_TIMEOUT="30"
 
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/bin/netbird-entrypoint.sh" ]
-
-ARG NETBIRD_BINARY=netbird
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+ARG NETBIRD_BINARY=$TARGETPLATFORM/netbird
 COPY client/netbird-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/netbird-entrypoint.sh
 COPY "${NETBIRD_BINARY}"  /usr/local/bin/netbird
diff --git a/client/Dockerfile-rootless b/client/Dockerfile-rootless
index 69d00aaf2..8141af6ed 100644
--- a/client/Dockerfile-rootless
+++ b/client/Dockerfile-rootless
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #   podman build -t localhost/netbird:latest -f client/Dockerfile --ignorefile .dockerignore-client .
 #   podman run --rm -it --cap-add={BPF,NET_ADMIN,NET_RAW} localhost/netbird:latest
 
-FROM alpine:3.22.0
+FROM alpine:3.24
 
 RUN apk add --no-cache \
       bash \
@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@ ENV \
     NB_DAEMON_ADDR="unix:///var/lib/netbird/netbird.sock" \
     NB_LOG_FILE="console,/var/lib/netbird/client.log" \
     NB_DISABLE_DNS="true" \
+    NB_ENABLE_CAPTURE="false" \
     NB_ENTRYPOINT_SERVICE_TIMEOUT="30"
 
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/bin/netbird-entrypoint.sh" ]
-
-ARG NETBIRD_BINARY=netbird
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+ARG NETBIRD_BINARY=$TARGETPLATFORM/netbird
 COPY client/netbird-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/netbird-entrypoint.sh
 COPY "${NETBIRD_BINARY}"  /usr/local/bin/netbird
diff --git a/client/android/client.go b/client/android/client.go
index 37e17a363..e47a1c13d 100644
--- a/client/android/client.go
+++ b/client/android/client.go
@@ -7,13 +7,16 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"slices"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	nbAnonymize "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/debug"
@@ -24,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
@@ -31,10 +35,12 @@ import (
 	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/upload-server/types"
 )
 
-// ConnectionListener export internal Listener for mobile
-type ConnectionListener interface {
-	peer.Listener
-}
+// AnonymizeLevelDefault and AnonymizeLevelStrict are the accepted
+// anonymizeLevel values for DebugBundle.
+const (
+	AnonymizeLevelDefault = nbAnonymize.LevelDefaultString
+	AnonymizeLevelStrict  = nbAnonymize.LevelStrictString
+)
 
 // TunAdapter export internal TunAdapter for mobile
 type TunAdapter interface {
@@ -56,6 +62,12 @@ type DnsReadyListener interface {
 	dns.ReadyListener
 }
 
+// TunSettings is a snapshot of the settings the TUN device is rebuilt with
+type TunSettings struct {
+	Routes        string
+	SearchDomains string
+}
+
 func init() {
 	formatter.SetLogcatFormatter(log.StandardLogger())
 }
@@ -70,18 +82,51 @@ type Client struct {
 	deviceName            string
 	uiVersion             string
 	networkChangeListener listener.NetworkChangeListener
+	// netMgr outlives engine restarts: it mirrors the OS connectivity, not
+	// the engine lifecycle. Run and RunWithoutLogin inject its state and
+	// sweeper into each new ConnectClient.
+	netMgr *netevents.Manager
 
 	stateMu       sync.RWMutex
 	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient
 	config        *profilemanager.Config
 	cacheDir      string
+
+	// mdmSource holds the per-Client MDM policy source and its change
+	// detector as one unit. Set by SetMDMPolicyFetcher (called from the
+	// Kotlin side). Each Run passes the loader to the resolved Config so
+	// applyMDMPolicy picks up the active overlay. Nil means "MDM
+	// enforcement off for this Client".
+	mdmSource atomic.Pointer[mdmSource]
+
+	// Identifies the running profile for the SSO login hint; see profile_state.go.
+	cfgPath string
+
+	stateChangeMu    sync.Mutex
+	stateChangeSubID string
+	eventSub         *peer.EventSubscription
+	// Closed to stop the watch goroutines from delivering buffered items to a
+	// listener that has been removed or replaced. See stopStateChangeWatchLocked.
+	stateChangeDone chan struct{}
+
+	// Latched "the server wants an interactive login": survives the engine
+	// restarts that replace the run loop's context state. See Client.Status.
+	// Guarded by loginRequiredMu together with loginCleared, which counts
+	// clears so a stale observation cannot re-latch over one.
+	loginRequiredMu sync.Mutex
+	loginRequired   bool
+	loginCleared    uint64
+
+	extendMu     sync.Mutex
+	extendCancel context.CancelFunc
 }
 
-func (c *Client) setState(cfg *profilemanager.Config, cacheDir string, cc *internal.ConnectClient) {
+func (c *Client) setState(cfg *profilemanager.Config, cacheDir string, cfgPath string, cc *internal.ConnectClient) {
 	c.stateMu.Lock()
 	defer c.stateMu.Unlock()
 	c.config = cfg
 	c.cacheDir = cacheDir
+	c.cfgPath = cfgPath
 	c.connectClient = cc
 }
 
@@ -91,6 +136,16 @@ func (c *Client) stateSnapshot() (*profilemanager.Config, string, *internal.Conn
 	return c.config, c.cacheDir, c.connectClient
 }
 
+// authSnapshot returns the config together with the path it was loaded from, in
+// one lock: the path identifies the profile whose account email backs the login
+// hint, so reading it separately could pair one profile's config with another's
+// hint when a profile switch lands in between.
+func (c *Client) authSnapshot() (*profilemanager.Config, string, *internal.ConnectClient) {
+	c.stateMu.RLock()
+	defer c.stateMu.RUnlock()
+	return c.config, c.cfgPath, c.connectClient
+}
+
 func (c *Client) getConnectClient() *internal.ConnectClient {
 	c.stateMu.RLock()
 	defer c.stateMu.RUnlock()
@@ -102,14 +157,17 @@ func NewClient(androidSDKVersion int, deviceName string, uiVersion string, tunAd
 	execWorkaround(androidSDKVersion)
 
 	net.SetAndroidProtectSocketFn(tunAdapter.ProtectSocket)
+	system.SetIFaceDiscover(iFaceDiscover)
+	recorder := peer.NewRecorder("")
 	return &Client{
 		deviceName:            deviceName,
 		uiVersion:             uiVersion,
 		tunAdapter:            tunAdapter,
 		iFaceDiscover:         iFaceDiscover,
-		recorder:              peer.NewRecorder(""),
+		recorder:              recorder,
 		ctxCancelLock:         &sync.Mutex{},
 		networkChangeListener: networkChangeListener,
+		netMgr:                netevents.NewManager(recorder),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -129,6 +187,7 @@ func (c *Client) Run(platformFiles PlatformFiles, urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroid
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
 	c.recorder.UpdateManagementAddress(cfg.ManagementURL.String())
 	c.recorder.UpdateRosenpass(cfg.RosenpassEnabled, cfg.RosenpassPermissive)
 
@@ -143,16 +202,23 @@ func (c *Client) Run(platformFiles PlatformFiles, urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroid
 	defer c.ctxCancel()
 	c.ctxCancelLock.Unlock()
 
-	auth := NewAuthWithConfig(ctx, cfg)
+	auth := NewAuthWithConfig(ctx, cfg, cfgFile)
 	err = auth.login(urlOpener, isAndroidTV)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
 	// todo do not throw error in case of cancelled context
 	ctx = internal.CtxInitState(ctx)
-	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder)
-	c.setState(cfg, cacheDir, connectClient)
+
+	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder,
+		internal.WithNetEvents(c.netMgr))
+	c.setState(cfg, cacheDir, cfgFile, connectClient)
+	// This path runs the interactive SSO flow, so reaching here means the peer
+	// is authenticated again — release the latch Status() reports from. Clear
+	// only once the fresh connect client is installed: until then Status()
+	// still reads the previous run's context state, which holds the NeedsLogin
+	// that prompted this login, and would re-latch what was just cleared.
+	c.clearLoginRequired()
 	return connectClient.RunOnAndroid(c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, slices.Clone(dns.items), dnsReadyListener, stateFile, cacheDir)
 }
 
@@ -173,6 +239,7 @@ func (c *Client) RunWithoutLogin(platformFiles PlatformFiles, dns *DNSList, dnsR
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
 	c.recorder.UpdateManagementAddress(cfg.ManagementURL.String())
 	c.recorder.UpdateRosenpass(cfg.RosenpassEnabled, cfg.RosenpassPermissive)
 
@@ -186,8 +253,9 @@ func (c *Client) RunWithoutLogin(platformFiles PlatformFiles, dns *DNSList, dnsR
 
 	// todo do not throw error in case of cancelled context
 	ctx = internal.CtxInitState(ctx)
-	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder)
-	c.setState(cfg, cacheDir, connectClient)
+	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder,
+		internal.WithNetEvents(c.netMgr))
+	c.setState(cfg, cacheDir, cfgFile, connectClient)
 	return connectClient.RunOnAndroid(c.tunAdapter, c.iFaceDiscover, c.networkChangeListener, slices.Clone(dns.items), dnsReadyListener, stateFile, cacheDir)
 }
 
@@ -216,9 +284,49 @@ func (c *Client) RenewTun(fd int) error {
 	return e.RenewTun(fd)
 }
 
+func (c *Client) GetTunSettings() (*TunSettings, error) {
+	cc := c.getConnectClient()
+	if cc == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("engine not running")
+	}
+
+	e := cc.Engine()
+	if e == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("engine not initialized")
+	}
+
+	routes, searchDomains := e.TunSettings()
+	return &TunSettings{
+		Routes:        strings.Join(routes, ";"),
+		SearchDomains: strings.Join(searchDomains, ";"),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// SetNetworkAvailable feeds OS-reported network availability into the client.
+// While unavailable, the internal reconnect loops suspend their attempts and
+// the connection listener reports NoNetwork instead of Connecting; when
+// availability returns, the loops resume immediately with a fresh backoff.
+// Losing the last network also sweeps the registered connections: nothing can
+// redial while offline, so the stale sockets would otherwise stay silently
+// "connected" until their own timeouts and the client would keep reporting
+// Connected with no network at all.
+func (c *Client) SetNetworkAvailable(available bool) {
+	c.netMgr.SetNetworkAvailable(available)
+}
+
+// NotifyNetworkChange marks the management, signal and relay connections
+// stale after the OS switched networks and schedules a sweep that cuts
+// whatever has not redialed on the new network by then. The engine and the
+// TUN device stay untouched.
+func (c *Client) NotifyNetworkChange() {
+	c.netMgr.NotifyNetworkChange()
+}
+
 // DebugBundle generates a debug bundle, uploads it, and returns the upload key.
-// It works both with and without a running engine.
-func (c *Client) DebugBundle(platformFiles PlatformFiles, anonymize bool) (string, error) {
+// It works both with and without a running engine. anonymizeLevel is "default"
+// or "strict"; strict also anonymizes internal IP ranges, peer names, and
+// WireGuard public keys, and implies anonymize.
+func (c *Client) DebugBundle(platformFiles PlatformFiles, anonymize bool, anonymizeLevel string) (string, error) {
 	cfg, cacheDir, cc := c.stateSnapshot()
 
 	// If the engine hasn't been started, load config from disk
@@ -230,6 +338,7 @@ func (c *Client) DebugBundle(platformFiles PlatformFiles, anonymize bool) (strin
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
 		}
+		c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
 		cacheDir = platformFiles.CacheDir()
 	}
 
@@ -237,6 +346,7 @@ func (c *Client) DebugBundle(platformFiles PlatformFiles, anonymize bool) (strin
 		InternalConfig: cfg,
 		StatusRecorder: c.recorder,
 		TempDir:        cacheDir,
+		StatePath:      platformFiles.StateFilePath(),
 	}
 
 	if cc != nil {
@@ -247,6 +357,9 @@ func (c *Client) DebugBundle(platformFiles PlatformFiles, anonymize bool) (strin
 		deps.SyncResponse = resp
 
 		if e := cc.Engine(); e != nil {
+			deps.RefreshStatus = func() {
+				e.RunHealthProbes(context.Background(), true)
+			}
 			if cm := e.GetClientMetrics(); cm != nil {
 				deps.ClientMetrics = cm
 			}
@@ -257,6 +370,7 @@ func (c *Client) DebugBundle(platformFiles PlatformFiles, anonymize bool) (strin
 		deps,
 		debug.BundleConfig{
 			Anonymize:         anonymize,
+			AnonymizeLevel:    nbAnonymize.ParseLevel(anonymizeLevel),
 			IncludeSystemInfo: true,
 		},
 	)
@@ -274,7 +388,7 @@ func (c *Client) DebugBundle(platformFiles PlatformFiles, anonymize bool) (strin
 	uploadCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	key, err := debug.UploadDebugBundle(uploadCtx, types.DefaultBundleURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String(), path)
+	key, err := debug.UploadDebugBundle(uploadCtx, types.DefaultBundleURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String(), path, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("upload debug bundle: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -296,15 +410,37 @@ func (c *Client) SetInfoLogLevel() {
 // PeersList return with the list of the PeerInfos
 func (c *Client) PeersList() *PeerInfoArray {
 
+	// The recorder only caches transfer counters and handshake times; nothing
+	// refreshes them on its own, so without this they read as zero. The desktop
+	// daemon does the same before serving a full peer status.
+	if err := c.recorder.RefreshWireGuardStats(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to refresh WireGuard stats: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	fullStatus := c.recorder.GetFullStatus()
 
 	peerInfos := make([]PeerInfo, len(fullStatus.Peers))
 	for n, p := range fullStatus.Peers {
 		pi := PeerInfo{
-			p.IP,
-			p.FQDN,
-			int(p.ConnStatus),
-			PeerRoutes{routes: maps.Keys(p.GetRoutes())},
+			IP:         p.IP,
+			IPv6:       p.IPv6,
+			FQDN:       p.FQDN,
+			ConnStatus: int(p.ConnStatus),
+			Routes:     PeerRoutes{routes: maps.Keys(p.GetRoutes())},
+
+			PubKey:                     p.PubKey,
+			Latency:                    formatDuration(p.Latency),
+			LatencyMs:                  p.Latency.Milliseconds(),
+			BytesRx:                    p.BytesRx,
+			BytesTx:                    p.BytesTx,
+			ConnStatusUpdate:           formatTime(p.ConnStatusUpdate),
+			Relayed:                    p.Relayed,
+			RosenpassEnabled:           p.RosenpassEnabled,
+			LastWireguardHandshake:     formatTime(p.LastWireguardHandshake),
+			LocalIceCandidateType:      p.LocalIceCandidateType,
+			RemoteIceCandidateType:     p.RemoteIceCandidateType,
+			LocalIceCandidateEndpoint:  p.LocalIceCandidateEndpoint,
+			RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint: p.RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint,
 		}
 		peerInfos[n] = pi
 	}
@@ -336,43 +472,84 @@ func (c *Client) Networks() *NetworkArray {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	routesMap := routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
+	v6Merged := route.V6ExitMergeSet(routesMap)
+	resolvedDomains := c.recorder.GetResolvedDomainsStates()
+
 	networkArray := &NetworkArray{
 		items: make([]Network, 0),
 	}
 
-	resolvedDomains := c.recorder.GetResolvedDomainsStates()
-
-	for id, routes := range routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID() {
+	for id, routes := range routesMap {
 		if len(routes) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-
-		r := routes[0]
-		domains := c.getNetworkDomainsFromRoute(r, resolvedDomains)
-		netStr := r.Network.String()
-
-		if r.IsDynamic() {
-			netStr = r.Domains.SafeString()
-		}
-
-		routePeer, err := c.recorder.GetPeer(routes[0].Peer)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("could not get peer info for %s: %v", routes[0].Peer, err)
+		if _, skip := v6Merged[id]; skip {
 			continue
 		}
-		network := Network{
-			Name:       string(id),
-			Network:    netStr,
-			Peer:       routePeer.FQDN,
-			Status:     routePeer.ConnStatus.String(),
-			IsSelected: routeSelector.IsSelected(id),
-			Domains:    domains,
+
+		network := c.buildNetwork(id, routes, routeSelector.IsSelected(id), resolvedDomains, v6Merged)
+		if network == nil {
+			continue
 		}
-		networkArray.Add(network)
+		networkArray.Add(*network)
 	}
 	return networkArray
 }
 
+func (c *Client) buildNetwork(id route.NetID, routes []*route.Route, selected bool, resolvedDomains map[domain.Domain]peer.ResolvedDomainInfo, v6Merged map[route.NetID]struct{}) *Network {
+	r := routes[0]
+	netStr := r.Network.String()
+	if r.IsDynamic() {
+		netStr = r.Domains.SafeString()
+	}
+
+	routePeer, err := c.findBestRoutePeer(routes)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("could not get peer info for route %s: %v", id, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	network := &Network{
+		Name:       string(id),
+		Network:    netStr,
+		Peer:       routePeer.FQDN,
+		Status:     routePeer.ConnStatus.String(),
+		IsSelected: selected,
+		Domains:    c.getNetworkDomainsFromRoute(r, resolvedDomains),
+	}
+
+	if route.IsV4DefaultRoute(r.Network) && route.HasV6ExitPair(id, v6Merged) {
+		network.Network = "0.0.0.0/0, ::/0"
+	}
+
+	return network
+}
+
+// findBestRoutePeer returns the peer actively routing traffic for the given
+// HA route group. Falls back to the first connected peer, then the first peer.
+func (c *Client) findBestRoutePeer(routes []*route.Route) (peer.State, error) {
+	netStr := routes[0].Network.String()
+
+	fullStatus := c.recorder.GetFullStatus()
+	for _, p := range fullStatus.Peers {
+		if _, ok := p.GetRoutes()[netStr]; ok {
+			return p, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		p, err := c.recorder.GetPeer(r.Peer)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if p.ConnStatus == peer.StatusConnected {
+			return p, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return c.recorder.GetPeer(routes[0].Peer)
+}
+
 // OnUpdatedHostDNS update the DNS servers addresses for root zones
 func (c *Client) OnUpdatedHostDNS(list *DNSList) error {
 	dnsServer, err := dns.GetServerDns()
@@ -386,7 +563,11 @@ func (c *Client) OnUpdatedHostDNS(list *DNSList) error {
 
 // SetConnectionListener set the network connection listener
 func (c *Client) SetConnectionListener(listener ConnectionListener) {
-	c.recorder.SetConnectionListener(listener)
+	if listener == nil {
+		c.recorder.RemoveConnectionListener()
+		return
+	}
+	c.recorder.SetConnectionListener(connectionListenerAdapter{listener})
 }
 
 // RemoveConnectionListener remove connection listener
@@ -394,10 +575,6 @@ func (c *Client) RemoveConnectionListener() {
 	c.recorder.RemoveConnectionListener()
 }
 
-func (c *Client) toggleRoute(command routeCommand) error {
-	return command.toggleRoute()
-}
-
 func (c *Client) getRouteManager() (routemanager.Manager, error) {
 	client := c.getConnectClient()
 	if client == nil {
@@ -417,22 +594,22 @@ func (c *Client) getRouteManager() (routemanager.Manager, error) {
 	return manager, nil
 }
 
-func (c *Client) SelectRoute(route string) error {
+func (c *Client) SelectRoute(id string) error {
 	manager, err := c.getRouteManager()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return c.toggleRoute(selectRouteCommand{route: route, manager: manager})
+	return manager.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{route.NetID(id)}, true)
 }
 
-func (c *Client) DeselectRoute(route string) error {
+func (c *Client) DeselectRoute(id string) error {
 	manager, err := c.getRouteManager()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return c.toggleRoute(deselectRouteCommand{route: route, manager: manager})
+	return manager.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{route.NetID(id)})
 }
 
 // getNetworkDomainsFromRoute extracts domains from a route and enriches each domain
@@ -467,3 +644,28 @@ func exportEnvList(list *EnvList) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// formatDuration renders a duration for display, trimming the fractional part
+// to two digits so latencies read as "12.34ms" rather than "12.345678ms".
+func formatDuration(d time.Duration) string {
+	ds := d.String()
+	dotIndex := strings.Index(ds, ".")
+	if dotIndex == -1 {
+		return ds
+	}
+
+	endIndex := min(dotIndex+3, len(ds))
+
+	// Skip the remaining digits so only the unit suffix is appended back.
+	unitStart := endIndex
+	for unitStart < len(ds) && ds[unitStart] >= '0' && ds[unitStart] <= '9' {
+		unitStart++
+	}
+	return ds[:endIndex] + ds[unitStart:]
+}
+
+// formatTime renders a timestamp in UTC using a fixed layout. The zero time is
+// passed through as-is so the UI can recognise it and show "never" instead.
+func formatTime(t time.Time) string {
+	return t.UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")
+}
diff --git a/client/android/client_mdm.go b/client/android/client_mdm.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d043b85d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/client_mdm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+type mdmSource struct {
+	loader   *mdm.Loader
+	detector *mdm.ChangeDetector
+}
+
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this Client; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (c *Client) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(p PolicyFetcher) {
+	loader := loaderFor(p)
+	c.mdmSource.Store(&mdmSource{loader: loader, detector: mdm.NewChangeDetector(loader)})
+}
+
+// HasMDMPolicyChanged re-reads the managed configuration and reports whether
+// it changed since the last observation; call it from the native OS-change
+// notification and restart the engine only on true.
+func (c *Client) HasMDMPolicyChanged() bool {
+	src := c.mdmSource.Load()
+	if src == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return src.detector.Changed()
+}
+
+// GetRestrictionsJSON returns the UI enforcement snapshot derived from the
+// active MDM policy, in the JSON shape shared with the desktop frontend.
+func (c *Client) GetRestrictionsJSON() (string, error) {
+	return mdm.BuildRestrictions(c.mdmLoader().Load()).JSON()
+}
+
+func (c *Client) applyMDMOverlay(cfg *profilemanager.Config) {
+	loader := c.mdmLoader()
+	if cfg == nil || loader == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(loader.Load())
+}
+
+func (c *Client) mdmLoader() *mdm.Loader {
+	if src := c.mdmSource.Load(); src != nil {
+		return src.loader
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/android/connection_listener.go b/client/android/connection_listener.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77c47574b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/connection_listener.go
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+// Client state values delivered via ConnectionListener.OnStateChanged,
+// re-exported as basic constants so gomobile emits them into the generated
+// Java bindings. They mirror peer.ClientState*: append-only, never reorder.
+const (
+	ClientStateDisconnected  = int(peer.ClientStateDisconnected)
+	ClientStateConnected     = int(peer.ClientStateConnected)
+	ClientStateConnecting    = int(peer.ClientStateConnecting)
+	ClientStateDisconnecting = int(peer.ClientStateDisconnecting)
+	ClientStateNoNetwork     = int(peer.ClientStateNoNetwork)
+)
+
+// ConnectionListener export internal Listener for mobile. It mirrors
+// peer.Listener with OnStateChanged taking a plain int (one of the
+// ClientState* constants), because gomobile cannot bind named types.
+type ConnectionListener interface {
+	OnStateChanged(state int)
+	OnConnected()
+	OnDisconnected()
+	OnConnecting()
+	OnDisconnecting()
+	OnAddressChanged(string, string)
+	OnPeersListChanged(int)
+}
+
+// connectionListenerAdapter adapts the gomobile-facing ConnectionListener to
+// peer.Listener, converting the typed state to the int the binding carries.
+type connectionListenerAdapter struct {
+	ConnectionListener
+}
+
+func (a connectionListenerAdapter) OnStateChanged(state peer.ClientState) {
+	a.ConnectionListener.OnStateChanged(int(state))
+}
diff --git a/client/android/env_list.go b/client/android/env_list.go
index a0a4d7040..d0e0a1e78 100644
--- a/client/android/env_list.go
+++ b/client/android/env_list.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ var (
 	EnvKeyNBForceRelay = peer.EnvKeyNBForceRelay
 
 	// EnvKeyNBLazyConn Exported for Android java client to configure lazy connection
-	EnvKeyNBLazyConn = lazyconn.EnvEnableLazyConn
+	EnvKeyNBLazyConn = lazyconn.EnvLazyConn
 
 	// EnvKeyNBInactivityThreshold Exported for Android java client to configure connection inactivity threshold
 	EnvKeyNBInactivityThreshold = lazyconn.EnvInactivityThreshold
diff --git a/client/android/login.go b/client/android/login.go
index a9422cdbf..155c6eadd 100644
--- a/client/android/login.go
+++ b/client/android/login.go
@@ -4,8 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mobile"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 )
 
@@ -36,15 +40,31 @@ type Auth struct {
 }
 
 // NewAuth instantiate Auth struct and validate the management URL
-func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string) (*Auth, error) {
-	inputCfg := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-		ManagementURL: mgmURL,
+//
+// The configuration at cfgPath is reused when one is already there, and only created when it is
+// not. Building a fresh in-memory config unconditionally gives the client a new WireGuard key on
+// every call: the peer registers under that key, the key is written out, and any peer registered by
+// an earlier call is orphaned on the server. It also breaks a client that enrols and then runs from
+// the persisted config, because the identity it registered is not the one it runs with — the
+// management stream rejects it with "no peer auth method provided".
+//
+// Auth is constructed under the active MDM policy: the policy is overlaid on
+// the resolved config so the login runs against the enforced values, while
+// the persisted config keeps the caller-supplied ones; a caller-supplied
+// management URL is ignored while MDM manages that key. A nil fetcher
+// disables MDM enforcement.
+func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string, fetcher PolicyFetcher) (*Auth, error) {
+	policy := loaderFor(fetcher).Load()
+	inputCfg := profilemanager.ConfigInput{ConfigPath: cfgPath}
+	if _, managed := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); !managed {
+		inputCfg.ManagementURL = mgmURL
 	}
 
-	cfg, err := profilemanager.CreateInMemoryConfig(inputCfg)
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(inputCfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(policy)
 
 	return &Auth{
 		ctx:     context.Background(),
@@ -53,17 +73,18 @@ func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string) (*Auth, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// NewAuthWithConfig instantiate Auth based on existing config
-func NewAuthWithConfig(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config) *Auth {
+// NewAuthWithConfig instantiate Auth based on existing config. cfgPath is the
+// file the config was loaded from; it identifies the profile whose account email
+// backs the login_hint.
+func NewAuthWithConfig(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config, cfgPath string) *Auth {
 	return &Auth{
-		ctx:    ctx,
-		config: config,
+		ctx:     ctx,
+		config:  config,
+		cfgPath: cfgPath,
 	}
 }
 
-// SaveConfigIfSSOSupported test the connectivity with the management server by retrieving the server device flow info.
-// If it returns a flow info than save the configuration and return true. If it gets a codes.NotFound, it means that SSO
-// is not supported and returns false without saving the configuration. For other errors return false.
+// SaveConfigIfSSOSupported reports whether the management server supports SSO; the config is already persisted by NewAuth.
 func (a *Auth) SaveConfigIfSSOSupported(listener SSOListener) {
 	go func() {
 		sso, err := a.saveConfigIfSSOSupported()
@@ -87,15 +108,10 @@ func (a *Auth) saveConfigIfSSOSupported() (bool, error) {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to check SSO support: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if !supportsSSO {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	err = profilemanager.WriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
-	return true, err
+	return supportsSSO, nil
 }
 
-// LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig test the connectivity with the management server with the setup key.
+// LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig registers the peer with the setup key; the config is already persisted by NewAuth.
 func (a *Auth) LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(resultListener ErrListener, setupKey string, deviceName string) {
 	go func() {
 		err := a.loginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey, deviceName)
@@ -120,8 +136,7 @@ func (a *Auth) loginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey string, deviceName string
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	return profilemanager.WriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Login try register the client on the server
@@ -150,12 +165,14 @@ func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool) error {
 	}
 
 	jwtToken := ""
+	email := ""
 	if needsLogin {
 		tokenInfo, err := a.foregroundGetTokenInfo(authClient, urlOpener, isAndroidTV)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("interactive sso login failed: %v", err)
 		}
 		jwtToken = tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()
+		email = tokenInfo.Email
 	}
 
 	err, _ = authClient.Login(a.ctx, "", jwtToken)
@@ -163,27 +180,62 @@ func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// Stored after Login, not before: a rejected token must not leave a hint
+	// pointing at an account that cannot be used.
+	if email != "" && a.cfgPath != "" {
+		if err := mobile.WriteProfileEmail(a.cfgPath, email); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to store profile account email: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	go urlOpener.OnLoginSuccess()
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (a *Auth) foregroundGetTokenInfo(authClient *auth.Auth, urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
-	oAuthFlow, err := authClient.GetOAuthFlow(a.ctx, isAndroidTV)
+	oAuthFlow, err := authClient.GetOAuthFlow(a.ctx, isAndroidTV, profileLoginHint(a.cfgPath))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get OAuth flow: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	flowInfo, err := oAuthFlow.RequestAuthInfo(context.TODO())
+	return runOAuthFlow(a.ctx, oAuthFlow, urlOpener, nil)
+}
+
+// profileLoginHint returns the stored account email for the profile at cfgPath.
+// An empty hint is deliberate, not a fallback: a fresh profile leaves the
+// choice to the IdP. Switching accounts is done by switching or removing
+// profiles, not by logging out — logout keeps the email.
+func profileLoginHint(cfgPath string) string {
+	if cfgPath == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return mobile.ReadProfileEmail(cfgPath)
+}
+
+// runOAuthFlow drives an already acquired OAuth flow to a token: requests the
+// flow info, presents the verification URL through the opener and waits for
+// the browser round-trip. Open is called synchronously — it is what marks the
+// surface as opened on the client side, and a fast token's OnLoginSuccess is
+// a no-op until it has, so the dismissal would be dropped rather than
+// delayed. Openers must therefore not block: they post their UI work and
+// return. onWaiting, when set, runs after the URL is shown, right before the
+// blocking wait.
+func runOAuthFlow(ctx context.Context, flow auth.OAuthFlow, urlOpener URLOpener, onWaiting func()) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
+	flowInfo, err := flow.RequestAuthInfo(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting a request OAuth flow info failed: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request auth info: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	go urlOpener.Open(flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete, flowInfo.UserCode)
+	urlOpener.Open(flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete, flowInfo.UserCode)
 
-	tokenInfo, err := oAuthFlow.WaitToken(a.ctx, flowInfo)
+	if onWaiting != nil {
+		onWaiting()
+	}
+
+	tokenInfo, err := flow.WaitToken(ctx, flowInfo)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("waiting for browser login failed: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wait for token: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return &tokenInfo, nil
diff --git a/client/android/login_test.go b/client/android/login_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..130a846fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/login_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package android
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// NewAuth must reuse the configuration already at cfgPath rather than building a fresh one.
+//
+// Creating a new in-memory config on every call gives the client a new WireGuard private key each
+// time. The peer registers under that key and the key is written out, so a peer registered by an
+// earlier call is orphaned on the server — a client that enrols twice leaves two entries and owns
+// neither. It also breaks enrol-then-run: RunWithoutLogin reloads the configuration from disk, so
+// the identity that registered is not the identity that runs, and the management stream rejects it
+// with "no peer auth method provided, please use a setup key or interactive SSO login".
+func TestNewAuth_ReusesPersistedIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	cfgPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+
+	first, err := NewAuth(cfgPath, "https://api.example.com:443", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first NewAuth: %v", err)
+	}
+	if first.config.PrivateKey == "" {
+		t.Fatal("first NewAuth produced no private key")
+	}
+
+	second, err := NewAuth(cfgPath, "https://api.example.com:443", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("second NewAuth: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if second.config.PrivateKey != first.config.PrivateKey {
+		t.Errorf("private key changed between calls: a second enrolment would orphan the peer registered by the first")
+	}
+}
+
+// A missing configuration is still created, so a first enrolment works unchanged.
+func TestNewAuth_CreatesConfigWhenAbsent(t *testing.T) {
+	cfgPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+
+	auth, err := NewAuth(cfgPath, "https://api.example.com:443", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewAuth: %v", err)
+	}
+	if auth.config == nil || auth.config.PrivateKey == "" {
+		t.Fatal("NewAuth did not create a usable configuration")
+	}
+	if auth.cfgPath != cfgPath {
+		t.Errorf("cfgPath = %q, want %q", auth.cfgPath, cfgPath)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/android/mdm.go b/client/android/mdm.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..617d8f7cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/mdm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package android
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+// PolicyFetcher is implemented by the native layer to return the current
+// managed configuration as a JSON-encoded object string; "" means no MDM
+// source is present.
+type PolicyFetcher interface {
+	FetchJSON() string
+}
+
+func loaderFor(p PolicyFetcher) *mdm.Loader {
+	if p == nil {
+		return mdm.NewJSONLoader(nil)
+	}
+	return mdm.NewJSONLoader(p.FetchJSON)
+}
diff --git a/client/android/peer_notifier.go b/client/android/peer_notifier.go
index 4ec22f3ab..f525055bb 100644
--- a/client/android/peer_notifier.go
+++ b/client/android/peer_notifier.go
@@ -12,11 +12,30 @@ const (
 )
 
 // PeerInfo describe information about the peers. It designed for the UI usage
+//
+// The fields below ConnStatus back the peer detail screen. Durations and times
+// are pre-formatted into strings so the UI does not have to know Go's layouts;
+// Latency is additionally exposed as LatencyMs for colour coding.
 type PeerInfo struct {
 	IP         string
+	IPv6       string
 	FQDN       string
 	ConnStatus int
 	Routes     PeerRoutes
+
+	PubKey                     string
+	Latency                    string
+	LatencyMs                  int64
+	BytesRx                    int64
+	BytesTx                    int64
+	ConnStatusUpdate           string
+	Relayed                    bool
+	RosenpassEnabled           bool
+	LastWireguardHandshake     string
+	LocalIceCandidateType      string
+	RemoteIceCandidateType     string
+	LocalIceCandidateEndpoint  string
+	RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint string
 }
 
 func (p *PeerInfo) GetPeerRoutes() *PeerRoutes {
diff --git a/client/android/preferences.go b/client/android/preferences.go
index c3c8eb3fb..5ce31026c 100644
--- a/client/android/preferences.go
+++ b/client/android/preferences.go
@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 package android
 
 import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 )
 
 // Preferences exports a subset of the internal config for gomobile
 type Preferences struct {
 	configInput profilemanager.ConfigInput
+	mdmLoader   atomic.Pointer[mdm.Loader]
 }
 
 // NewPreferences creates a new Preferences instance
@@ -14,11 +18,30 @@ func NewPreferences(configPath string) *Preferences {
 	ci := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
 		ConfigPath: configPath,
 	}
-	return &Preferences{ci}
+	return &Preferences{configInput: ci}
+}
+
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this Preferences instance; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (p *Preferences) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(f PolicyFetcher) {
+	p.mdmLoader.Store(loaderFor(f))
+}
+
+// GetRestrictionsJSON returns the UI enforcement snapshot derived from the
+// active MDM policy, in the JSON shape shared with the desktop frontend.
+func (p *Preferences) GetRestrictionsJSON() (string, error) {
+	return mdm.BuildRestrictions(p.policy()).JSON()
+}
+
+func (p *Preferences) policy() *mdm.Policy {
+	return p.mdmLoader.Load().Load()
 }
 
 // GetManagementURL reads URL from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetManagementURL() (string, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); ok {
+		return mdm.CanonicalURL(v), nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.ManagementURL != "" {
 		return p.configInput.ManagementURL, nil
 	}
@@ -27,7 +50,7 @@ func (p *Preferences) GetManagementURL() (string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	return cfg.ManagementURL.String(), err
+	return cfg.ManagementURL.String(), nil
 }
 
 // SetManagementURL stores the given URL and waits for commit
@@ -53,17 +76,21 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetAdminURL(url string) {
 	p.configInput.AdminURL = url
 }
 
-// GetPreSharedKey reads pre-shared key from config file
-func (p *Preferences) GetPreSharedKey() (string, error) {
+// HasPreSharedKey reports whether a pre-shared key is staged, persisted, or
+// enforced by MDM; the key itself is never handed to the native layer.
+func (p *Preferences) HasPreSharedKey() (bool, error) {
+	if _, ok := p.policy().GetString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey); ok {
+		return true, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.PreSharedKey != nil {
-		return *p.configInput.PreSharedKey, nil
+		return *p.configInput.PreSharedKey != "", nil
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return false, err
 	}
-	return cfg.PreSharedKey, err
+	return cfg.PreSharedKey != "", nil
 }
 
 // SetPreSharedKey stores the given key and waits for commit
@@ -78,6 +105,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetRosenpassEnabled(enabled bool) {
 
 // GetRosenpassEnabled reads Rosenpass enabled status from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassEnabled() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.RosenpassEnabled != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.RosenpassEnabled, nil
 	}
@@ -96,6 +126,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetRosenpassPermissive(permissive bool) {
 
 // GetRosenpassPermissive reads Rosenpass permissive setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassPermissive() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.RosenpassPermissive != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.RosenpassPermissive, nil
 	}
@@ -109,6 +142,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassPermissive() (bool, error) {
 
 // GetDisableClientRoutes reads disable client routes setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetDisableClientRoutes() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.DisableClientRoutes != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.DisableClientRoutes, nil
 	}
@@ -127,6 +163,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetDisableClientRoutes(disable bool) {
 
 // GetDisableServerRoutes reads disable server routes setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetDisableServerRoutes() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.DisableServerRoutes != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.DisableServerRoutes, nil
 	}
@@ -181,6 +220,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetDisableFirewall(disable bool) {
 
 // GetServerSSHAllowed reads server SSH allowed setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetServerSSHAllowed() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.ServerSSHAllowed != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.ServerSSHAllowed, nil
 	}
@@ -291,6 +333,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetEnableSSHRemotePortForwarding(enabled bool) {
 
 // GetBlockInbound reads block inbound setting from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetBlockInbound() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.BlockInbound != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.BlockInbound, nil
 	}
@@ -307,8 +352,52 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetBlockInbound(block bool) {
 	p.configInput.BlockInbound = &block
 }
 
+// GetDisableIPv6 reads disable IPv6 setting from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetDisableIPv6() (bool, error) {
+	if p.configInput.DisableIPv6 != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.DisableIPv6, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return cfg.DisableIPv6, err
+}
+
+// SetDisableIPv6 stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetDisableIPv6(disable bool) {
+	p.configInput.DisableIPv6 = &disable
+}
+
+// GetRemoteJobsAllowed reads the remote jobs opt-in from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetRemoteJobsAllowed() (bool, error) {
+	policy := p.policy()
+	if !policy.HasKey(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed) && p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(policy)
+	if cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return *cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed, nil
+}
+
+// SetRemoteJobsAllowed stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetRemoteJobsAllowed(allowed bool) {
+	p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed = &allowed
+}
+
 // Commit writes out the changes to the config file
 func (p *Preferences) Commit() error {
+	if err := profilemanager.CheckMDMConflicts(p.configInput, p.policy()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(p.configInput)
 	return err
 }
diff --git a/client/android/preferences_test.go b/client/android/preferences_test.go
index 2bbccef86..d9f5b1918 100644
--- a/client/android/preferences_test.go
+++ b/client/android/preferences_test.go
@@ -28,14 +28,13 @@ func TestPreferences_DefaultValues(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid default management url: %s", defaultVar)
 	}
 
-	var preSharedKey string
-	preSharedKey, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read default preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read default preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if preSharedKey != "" {
-		t.Errorf("invalid preshared key: %s", preSharedKey)
+	if hasPSK {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key presence on fresh config")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -65,13 +64,13 @@ func TestPreferences_ReadUncommitedValues(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	p.SetPreSharedKey(exampleString)
-	resp, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if resp != exampleString {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key: %s", resp)
+	if !hasPSK {
+		t.Errorf("expected preshared key presence after staging one")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -109,12 +108,12 @@ func TestPreferences_Commit(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected management url: %s", resp)
 	}
 
-	resp, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if resp != examplePresharedKey {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key: %s", resp)
+	if !hasPSK {
+		t.Errorf("expected preshared key presence after commit")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/client/android/profile_manager.go b/client/android/profile_manager.go
index 60e4d5c32..4bc60c453 100644
--- a/client/android/profile_manager.go
+++ b/client/android/profile_manager.go
@@ -3,42 +3,37 @@
 package android
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mobile"
 )
 
 const (
-	// Android-specific config filename (different from desktop default.json)
-	defaultConfigFilename = "netbird.cfg"
-	// Subdirectory for non-default profiles (must match Java Preferences.java)
-	profilesSubdir = "profiles"
-	// Android uses a single user context per app (non-empty username required by ServiceManager)
+	// Android uses a single user context per app.
 	androidUsername = "android"
 )
 
-// Profile represents a profile for gomobile
+// Profile represents a profile for gomobile.
 type Profile struct {
-	Name     string
+	ID   string
+	Name string
+	// Email is the account this profile last logged in with, "" if it never
+	// completed an SSO login. Kept across logouts; cleared when the profile is
+	// removed. See client/mobile/profile_state.go.
+	Email    string
 	IsActive bool
 }
 
-// ProfileArray wraps profiles for gomobile compatibility
+// ProfileArray wraps profiles for gomobile compatibility (gomobile cannot
+// bind Go slices directly).
 type ProfileArray struct {
 	items []*Profile
 }
 
-// Length returns the number of profiles
+// Length returns the number of profiles.
 func (p *ProfileArray) Length() int {
 	return len(p.items)
 }
 
-// Get returns the profile at index i
+// Get returns the profile at index i, or nil if out of range.
 func (p *ProfileArray) Get(i int) *Profile {
 	if i < 0 || i >= len(p.items) {
 		return nil
@@ -46,212 +41,104 @@ func (p *ProfileArray) Get(i int) *Profile {
 	return p.items[i]
 }
 
-/*
-
-/data/data/io.netbird.client/files/           ← configDir parameter
-├── netbird.cfg                                 ← Default profile config
-├── state.json                                  ← Default profile state
-├── active_profile.json                         ← Active profile tracker (JSON with Name + Username)
-└── profiles/                                   ← Subdirectory for non-default profiles
-    ├── work.json                              ← Work profile config
-    ├── work.state.json                        ← Work profile state
-    ├── personal.json                          ← Personal profile config
-    └── personal.state.json                    ← Personal profile state
-*/
-
-// ProfileManager manages profiles for Android
-// It wraps the internal profilemanager to provide Android-specific behavior
+// ProfileManager adapts the shared mobile profile manager (client/mobile) to
+// gomobile-friendly types. See that package for the on-disk layout and
+// semantics.
 type ProfileManager struct {
-	configDir  string
-	serviceMgr *profilemanager.ServiceManager
+	impl *mobile.ProfileManager
 }
 
-// NewProfileManager creates a new profile manager for Android
+// NewProfileManager creates a new profile manager for Android. configDir is
+// the app's files directory.
 func NewProfileManager(configDir string) *ProfileManager {
-	// Set the default config path for Android (stored in root configDir, not profiles/)
-	defaultConfigPath := filepath.Join(configDir, defaultConfigFilename)
-
-	// Set global paths for Android
-	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = configDir
-	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = defaultConfigPath
-	profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = filepath.Join(configDir, "active_profile.json")
-
-	// Create ServiceManager with profiles/ subdirectory
-	// This avoids modifying the global ConfigDirOverride for profile listing
-	profilesDir := filepath.Join(configDir, profilesSubdir)
-	serviceMgr := profilemanager.NewServiceManagerWithProfilesDir(defaultConfigPath, profilesDir)
-
-	return &ProfileManager{
-		configDir:  configDir,
-		serviceMgr: serviceMgr,
-	}
+	return &ProfileManager{impl: mobile.NewProfileManager(configDir, androidUsername)}
 }
 
-// ListProfiles returns all available profiles
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this ProfileManager; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(f PolicyFetcher) {
+	pm.impl.SetMDMLoader(loaderFor(f))
+}
+
+// ListProfiles returns all available profiles, including the default profile,
+// with their active status set.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) ListProfiles() (*ProfileArray, error) {
-	// Use ServiceManager (looks in profiles/ directory, checks active_profile.json for IsActive)
-	internalProfiles, err := pm.serviceMgr.ListProfiles(androidUsername)
+	profiles, err := pm.impl.ListProfiles()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list profiles: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	// Convert internal profiles to Android Profile type
-	var profiles []*Profile
-	for _, p := range internalProfiles {
-		profiles = append(profiles, &Profile{
-			Name:     p.Name,
-			IsActive: p.IsActive,
-		})
+	items := make([]*Profile, 0, len(profiles))
+	for i := range profiles {
+		items = append(items, fromMobileProfile(&profiles[i]))
 	}
-
-	return &ProfileArray{items: profiles}, nil
+	return &ProfileArray{items: items}, nil
 }
 
-// GetActiveProfile returns the currently active profile name
-func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveProfile() (string, error) {
-	// Use ServiceManager to stay consistent with ListProfiles
-	// ServiceManager uses active_profile.json
-	activeState, err := pm.serviceMgr.GetActiveProfileState()
+// GetActiveProfile returns the currently active profile.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveProfile() (*Profile, error) {
+	p, err := pm.impl.GetActiveProfile()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return activeState.Name, nil
+	return fromMobileProfile(p), nil
 }
 
-// SwitchProfile switches to a different profile
-func (pm *ProfileManager) SwitchProfile(profileName string) error {
-	// Use ServiceManager to stay consistent with ListProfiles
-	// ServiceManager uses active_profile.json
-	err := pm.serviceMgr.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     profileName,
-		Username: androidUsername,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to switch profile: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("switched to profile: %s", profileName)
-	return nil
+// SwitchProfile records the given profile ID as the active profile. The caller
+// must stop the VPN tunnel before switching.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SwitchProfile(id string) error {
+	return pm.impl.SwitchProfile(id)
 }
 
-// AddProfile creates a new profile
+// AddProfile creates a new profile with the given display name and a
+// generated ID.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) AddProfile(profileName string) error {
-	// Use ServiceManager (creates profile in profiles/ directory)
-	if err := pm.serviceMgr.AddProfile(profileName, androidUsername); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to add profile: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("created new profile: %s", profileName)
-	return nil
+	_, err := pm.impl.AddProfile(profileName)
+	return err
 }
 
-// LogoutProfile logs out from a profile (clears authentication)
-func (pm *ProfileManager) LogoutProfile(profileName string) error {
-	profileName = sanitizeProfileName(profileName)
-
-	configPath, err := pm.getProfileConfigPath(profileName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// Check if profile exists
-	if _, err := os.Stat(configPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("profile '%s' does not exist", profileName)
-	}
-
-	// Read current config using internal profilemanager
-	config, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(configPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read profile config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Clear authentication by removing private key and SSH key
-	config.PrivateKey = ""
-	config.SSHKey = ""
-
-	// Save config using internal profilemanager
-	if err := profilemanager.WriteOutConfig(configPath, config); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to save config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("logged out from profile: %s", profileName)
-	return nil
+// RenameProfile changes the display name of the profile identified by id. The
+// on-disk filename (the ID) is left unchanged.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) RenameProfile(id string, newName string) error {
+	return pm.impl.RenameProfile(id, newName)
 }
 
-// RemoveProfile deletes a profile
-func (pm *ProfileManager) RemoveProfile(profileName string) error {
-	// Use ServiceManager (removes profile from profiles/ directory)
-	if err := pm.serviceMgr.RemoveProfile(profileName, androidUsername); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove profile: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("removed profile: %s", profileName)
-	return nil
+// LogoutProfile clears authentication data for a profile, forcing a re-login.
+// The management URL and other settings are preserved.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) LogoutProfile(id string) error {
+	return pm.impl.LogoutProfile(id)
 }
 
-// getProfileConfigPath returns the config file path for a profile
-// This is needed for Android-specific path handling (netbird.cfg for default profile)
-func (pm *ProfileManager) getProfileConfigPath(profileName string) (string, error) {
-	if profileName == "" || profileName == profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
-		// Android uses netbird.cfg for default profile instead of default.json
-		// Default profile is stored in root configDir, not in profiles/
-		return filepath.Join(pm.configDir, defaultConfigFilename), nil
-	}
-
-	// Non-default profiles are stored in profiles subdirectory
-	// This matches the Java Preferences.java expectation
-	profileName = sanitizeProfileName(profileName)
-	profilesDir := filepath.Join(pm.configDir, profilesSubdir)
-	return filepath.Join(profilesDir, profileName+".json"), nil
+// RemoveProfile deletes a profile. The default profile and the active profile
+// cannot be removed.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) RemoveProfile(id string) error {
+	return pm.impl.RemoveProfile(id)
 }
 
-// GetConfigPath returns the config file path for a given profile
-// Java should call this instead of constructing paths with Preferences.configFile()
-func (pm *ProfileManager) GetConfigPath(profileName string) (string, error) {
-	return pm.getProfileConfigPath(profileName)
+// GetConfigPath returns the config file path for the given profile ID. Java
+// should call this instead of constructing paths with Preferences.configFile().
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetConfigPath(id string) (string, error) {
+	return pm.impl.GetConfigPath(id)
 }
 
-// GetStateFilePath returns the state file path for a given profile
-// Java should call this instead of constructing paths with Preferences.stateFile()
-func (pm *ProfileManager) GetStateFilePath(profileName string) (string, error) {
-	if profileName == "" || profileName == profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
-		return filepath.Join(pm.configDir, "state.json"), nil
-	}
-
-	profileName = sanitizeProfileName(profileName)
-	profilesDir := filepath.Join(pm.configDir, profilesSubdir)
-	return filepath.Join(profilesDir, profileName+".state.json"), nil
+// GetStateFilePath returns the state file path for the given profile ID. Java
+// should call this instead of constructing paths with Preferences.stateFile().
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetStateFilePath(id string) (string, error) {
+	return pm.impl.GetStateFilePath(id)
 }
 
-// GetActiveConfigPath returns the config file path for the currently active profile
-// Java should call this instead of Preferences.getActiveProfileName() + Preferences.configFile()
+// GetActiveConfigPath returns the config file path for the currently active
+// profile.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveConfigPath() (string, error) {
-	activeProfile, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile: %w", err)
-	}
-	return pm.GetConfigPath(activeProfile)
+	return pm.impl.GetActiveConfigPath()
 }
 
-// GetActiveStateFilePath returns the state file path for the currently active profile
-// Java should call this instead of Preferences.getActiveProfileName() + Preferences.stateFile()
+// GetActiveStateFilePath returns the state file path for the currently active
+// profile.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveStateFilePath() (string, error) {
-	activeProfile, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile: %w", err)
-	}
-	return pm.GetStateFilePath(activeProfile)
+	return pm.impl.GetActiveStateFilePath()
 }
 
-// sanitizeProfileName removes invalid characters from profile name
-func sanitizeProfileName(name string) string {
-	// Keep only alphanumeric, underscore, and hyphen
-	var result strings.Builder
-	for _, r := range name {
-		if (r >= 'a' && r <= 'z') || (r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z') ||
-			(r >= '0' && r <= '9') || r == '_' || r == '-' {
-			result.WriteRune(r)
-		}
-	}
-	return result.String()
+func fromMobileProfile(p *mobile.Profile) *Profile {
+	return &Profile{ID: p.ID, Name: p.Name, Email: p.Email, IsActive: p.IsActive}
 }
diff --git a/client/android/profile_prefs.go b/client/android/profile_prefs.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a761ebbcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/profile_prefs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+)
+
+type prefsStore interface {
+	Get(namespace string, v any) (bool, error)
+	Put(namespace string, v any) error
+}
+
+type profilePrefs struct {
+	prefs *profilemanager.Prefs
+}
+
+func newProfilePrefs(configDir, profileID string) (*profilePrefs, error) {
+	if configDir == "" || profileID == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("profile prefs require a config dir and profile ID")
+	}
+	prefs, err := NewProfileManager(configDir).impl.ProfilePrefs(profileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &profilePrefs{prefs: prefs}, nil
+}
+
+func (p *profilePrefs) Get(namespace string, v any) (bool, error) {
+	return p.prefs.Get(namespace, v)
+}
+
+func (p *profilePrefs) Put(namespace string, v any) error {
+	return p.prefs.Put(namespace, v)
+}
diff --git a/client/android/route_command.go b/client/android/route_command.go
deleted file mode 100644
index b47d5ca6c..000000000
--- a/client/android/route_command.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-//go:build android
-
-package android
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
-)
-
-func executeRouteToggle(id string, manager routemanager.Manager,
-	operationName string,
-	routeOperation func(routes []route.NetID, allRoutes []route.NetID) error) error {
-	netID := route.NetID(id)
-	routes := []route.NetID{netID}
-
-	log.Debugf("%s with id: %s", operationName, id)
-
-	if err := routeOperation(routes, maps.Keys(manager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID())); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("error when %s: %s", operationName, err)
-		return fmt.Errorf("error %s: %w", operationName, err)
-	}
-
-	manager.TriggerSelection(manager.GetClientRoutes())
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-type routeCommand interface {
-	toggleRoute() error
-}
-
-type selectRouteCommand struct {
-	route   string
-	manager routemanager.Manager
-}
-
-func (s selectRouteCommand) toggleRoute() error {
-	routeSelector := s.manager.GetRouteSelector()
-	if routeSelector == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no route selector available")
-	}
-
-	routeOperation := func(routes []route.NetID, allRoutes []route.NetID) error {
-		return routeSelector.SelectRoutes(routes, true, allRoutes)
-	}
-
-	return executeRouteToggle(s.route, s.manager, "selecting route", routeOperation)
-}
-
-type deselectRouteCommand struct {
-	route   string
-	manager routemanager.Manager
-}
-
-func (d deselectRouteCommand) toggleRoute() error {
-	routeSelector := d.manager.GetRouteSelector()
-	if routeSelector == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no route selector available")
-	}
-
-	return executeRouteToggle(d.route, d.manager, "deselecting route", routeSelector.DeselectRoutes)
-}
diff --git a/client/android/session.go b/client/android/session.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5da09c93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// StateChangeListener receives client state notifications.
+//
+// OnStateChanged is a payload-free wake-up whenever the state snapshot
+// changed: connection state, the run-loop status label (e.g. NeedsLogin) or
+// the session deadline. It mirrors the daemon's SubscribeStatus stream
+// trigger — on each signal the consumer pulls the fresh values via
+// Status() / SessionExpiresAtUnix().
+//
+// OnSessionExpiring forwards the engine's session-expiry warnings, fired at
+// sessionwatch.WarningLead before the deadline and again at FinalWarningLead
+// (finalWarning true). The second one is suppressed when the user dismissed
+// the first via DismissSessionWarning. The daemon turns the same events into
+// its tray notification.
+type StateChangeListener interface {
+	OnStateChanged()
+	OnSessionExpiring(expiresAtUnix int64, leadMinutes int64, finalWarning bool)
+}
+
+// Status returns the connect run-loop's status label — the same value the
+// desktop daemon serves in StatusResponse.Status. "NeedsLogin" means the
+// management server rejected the peer and an interactive login is required.
+//
+// The label is latched: the run loop keeps its status in a per-run context
+// state, which a restart replaces with a fresh Idle one, so an engine restart
+// (network change, always-on) would otherwise erase the fact that the peer
+// still needs to log in. Only a successful interactive login or extend clears
+// it — see clearLoginRequired.
+func (c *Client) Status() string {
+	latched, generation := c.loginRequiredState()
+	if latched {
+		return string(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
+	}
+	cc := c.getConnectClient()
+	if cc == nil {
+		return string(internal.StatusIdle)
+	}
+	status := cc.Status()
+	if status == internal.StatusNeedsLogin {
+		c.latchLoginRequired(generation)
+	}
+	return string(status)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) loginRequiredState() (bool, uint64) {
+	c.loginRequiredMu.Lock()
+	defer c.loginRequiredMu.Unlock()
+	return c.loginRequired, c.loginCleared
+}
+
+// latchLoginRequired records a NeedsLogin observation, unless a clear landed
+// while the caller was reading the run loop's status: cc.Status() is read
+// outside the lock, so a login or extend completing in that window would
+// otherwise be undone by this stale observation, stranding the UI on
+// "login required" over a healthy session.
+func (c *Client) latchLoginRequired(observedGeneration uint64) {
+	c.loginRequiredMu.Lock()
+	defer c.loginRequiredMu.Unlock()
+	if c.loginCleared != observedGeneration {
+		return
+	}
+	c.loginRequired = true
+}
+
+// clearLoginRequired releases the latch after a successful interactive login
+// or session extend, and invalidates any observation already in flight.
+func (c *Client) clearLoginRequired() {
+	c.loginRequiredMu.Lock()
+	defer c.loginRequiredMu.Unlock()
+	c.loginRequired = false
+	c.loginCleared++
+}
+
+// SessionExpiresAtUnix returns the SSO session deadline as unix seconds, or 0
+// when no deadline is known (not SSO-registered, expiry disabled, or the
+// engine has not received one yet). A past value means the session expired.
+// Mirror of StatusResponse.sessionExpiresAt on the desktop daemon.
+func (c *Client) SessionExpiresAtUnix() int64 {
+	deadline := c.recorder.GetSessionExpiresAt()
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return deadline.Unix()
+}
+
+// SetStateChangeListener registers the state notification listener.
+// Replaces any previously registered listener; remove it with
+// RemoveStateChangeListener.
+func (c *Client) SetStateChangeListener(listener StateChangeListener) {
+	c.stateChangeMu.Lock()
+	defer c.stateChangeMu.Unlock()
+	c.stopStateChangeWatchLocked()
+	if listener == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Both subscriptions are buffered (one pending tick, ten pending events),
+	// so unsubscribing is not enough to stop callbacks: the loops would drain
+	// what is already queued and deliver it to a listener the caller has
+	// already removed or replaced. Gate every callback on this registration's
+	// own signal, which is closed before unsubscribing.
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	c.stateChangeDone = done
+
+	id, ch := c.recorder.SubscribeToStateChanges()
+	c.stateChangeSubID = id
+	// The channel is closed by UnsubscribeFromStateChanges, which ends the
+	// goroutine. Ticks are coalesced (buffer of one), so a burst of changes
+	// wakes the listener once.
+	go func() {
+		for range ch {
+			select {
+			case <-done:
+				return
+			default:
+			}
+			listener.OnStateChanged()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	c.eventSub = c.recorder.SubscribeToEvents()
+	go watchSessionWarnings(c.eventSub, listener, done)
+}
+
+// RemoveStateChangeListener unregisters the state notification listener.
+func (c *Client) RemoveStateChangeListener() {
+	c.stateChangeMu.Lock()
+	defer c.stateChangeMu.Unlock()
+	c.stopStateChangeWatchLocked()
+}
+
+// DismissSessionWarning records the user's "Dismiss" on the first expiry
+// warning and suppresses the final one for the current deadline. A refreshed
+// deadline re-arms both. No-op while the engine is not running.
+func (c *Client) DismissSessionWarning() {
+	cc := c.getConnectClient()
+	if cc == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	engine := cc.Engine()
+	if engine == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	engine.DismissSessionWarning()
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSession runs the interactive SSO flow to obtain a fresh JWT and
+// asks the management server to extend the session deadline. The tunnel is
+// untouched: no resync, no reconnect. Async; the result arrives on the
+// listener. Mirror of the daemon's RequestExtendAuthSession /
+// WaitExtendAuthSession RPC pair, with URLOpener playing the "UI opens the
+// browser" role.
+//
+// Only one flow may be in flight: the PKCE step binds a fixed loopback port,
+// so a second concurrent flow would fail on that bind. Call
+// CancelExtendAuthSession when the user abandons the browser.
+func (c *Client) ExtendAuthSession(urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool, resultListener ErrListener) {
+	ctx, err := c.beginExtend()
+	if err != nil {
+		resultListener.OnError(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		defer c.endExtend()
+		if err := c.extendAuthSession(ctx, urlOpener, isAndroidTV); err != nil {
+			resultListener.OnError(err)
+			return
+		}
+		resultListener.OnSuccess()
+	}()
+}
+
+// CancelExtendAuthSession aborts an in-flight ExtendAuthSession. The tunnel is
+// left alone — unlike the login flow, which cancels the whole client context
+// by stopping the engine. Without this the abandoned PKCE wait keeps its
+// loopback port for the full flow timeout and blocks every later attempt.
+// No-op when no flow is running.
+func (c *Client) CancelExtendAuthSession() {
+	c.extendMu.Lock()
+	defer c.extendMu.Unlock()
+	if c.extendCancel != nil {
+		c.extendCancel()
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Client) stopStateChangeWatchLocked() {
+	// Signal first, unsubscribe second: closing the channels only stops new
+	// items, and the loops would still hand whatever is buffered to a listener
+	// that is no longer registered.
+	if c.stateChangeDone != nil {
+		close(c.stateChangeDone)
+		c.stateChangeDone = nil
+	}
+	if c.stateChangeSubID != "" {
+		c.recorder.UnsubscribeFromStateChanges(c.stateChangeSubID)
+		c.stateChangeSubID = ""
+	}
+	if c.eventSub != nil {
+		// Closes the channel, which ends watchSessionWarnings.
+		c.recorder.UnsubscribeFromEvents(c.eventSub)
+		c.eventSub = nil
+	}
+}
+
+// watchSessionWarnings forwards the engine's session-expiry warnings to the
+// listener. The event stream also carries unrelated traffic — network-map
+// updates on every sync, DNS and route errors — so everything but an
+// AUTHENTICATION event carrying the session-warning marker is dropped. Exits
+// when the subscription is closed by UnsubscribeFromEvents, or earlier when
+// done is closed — the stream buffers up to ten events, and a deregistered
+// listener must not receive the ones already queued.
+func watchSessionWarnings(sub *peer.EventSubscription, listener StateChangeListener, done <-chan struct{}) {
+	for ev := range sub.Events() {
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+			return
+		default:
+		}
+		if ev.GetCategory() != cProto.SystemEvent_AUTHENTICATION {
+			continue
+		}
+		meta := ev.GetMetadata()
+		if meta[sessionwatch.MetaSessionWarning] != "true" {
+			// Other AUTHENTICATION events exist (e.g. a deadline rejected as
+			// out of range); they carry no warning marker.
+			continue
+		}
+		deadline, err := sessionwatch.ParseExpiresAt(meta[sessionwatch.MetaSessionExpiresAt])
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("session warning event with unparsable deadline: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		lead, err := sessionwatch.ParseLeadMinutes(meta[sessionwatch.MetaSessionLeadMinutes])
+		if err != nil {
+			// Informational only — the deadline above is what drives the UI.
+			lead = 0
+		}
+		listener.OnSessionExpiring(deadline.Unix(), int64(lead),
+			meta[sessionwatch.MetaSessionFinal] == "true")
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Client) beginExtend() (context.Context, error) {
+	c.extendMu.Lock()
+	defer c.extendMu.Unlock()
+	if c.extendCancel != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("session extend already in progress")
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	c.extendCancel = cancel
+	return ctx, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) endExtend() {
+	c.extendMu.Lock()
+	defer c.extendMu.Unlock()
+	if c.extendCancel != nil {
+		c.extendCancel()
+		c.extendCancel = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Client) extendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, urlOpener URLOpener, isAndroidTV bool) error {
+	cfg, cfgPath, cc := c.authSnapshot()
+	if cfg == nil || cc == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("engine is not running")
+	}
+	engine := cc.Engine()
+	if engine == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("engine is not initialized")
+	}
+
+	authClient, err := auth.NewAuth(ctx, cfg.PrivateKey, cfg.ManagementURL, cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create auth client: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer authClient.Close()
+
+	// Passing the config path makes the flow pick up the login_hint: an extend
+	// renews the session of the account already signed in, so it must not stop to
+	// offer a choice.
+	a := NewAuthWithConfig(ctx, cfg, cfgPath)
+	tokenInfo, err := a.foregroundGetTokenInfo(authClient, urlOpener, isAndroidTV)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("interactive sso login failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := engine.ExtendAuthSession(ctx, tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	c.clearLoginRequired()
+
+	go urlOpener.OnLoginSuccess()
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/android/split_tunnel.go b/client/android/split_tunnel.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60e1ceeb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/split_tunnel.go
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package android
+
+// SplitTunnelMode is which of the two selections, if either, the tunnel applies.
+// Its values land in the profile's stored preferences, so the constants below
+// are append-only and must never be reordered.
+type SplitTunnelMode int
+
+const (
+	modeOff SplitTunnelMode = iota
+	modeExclude
+	modeInclude
+)
+
+// The same modes as basic ints. gomobile drops a constant whose type is not a
+// basic one, so these are what reaches the generated Java bindings, and they
+// keep the Android side tied to the values above instead of repeating 0, 1, 2.
+const (
+	SplitTunnelModeOff     = int(modeOff)
+	SplitTunnelModeExclude = int(modeExclude)
+	SplitTunnelModeInclude = int(modeInclude)
+)
+
+type splitTunnelSection struct {
+	Mode     SplitTunnelMode `json:"mode"`
+	Excluded []string        `json:"excluded"`
+	Included []string        `json:"included"`
+}
+
+// PackageList wraps []string for gomobile compatibility.
+type PackageList struct {
+	items []string
+}
+
+// NewPackageList creates an empty list to fill via Add.
+func NewPackageList() *PackageList {
+	return &PackageList{}
+}
+
+// Add appends a package name, ignoring empty ones.
+func (l *PackageList) Add(s string) {
+	if s == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	l.items = append(l.items, s)
+}
+
+// Size returns the number of entries.
+func (l *PackageList) Size() int {
+	return len(l.items)
+}
+
+// Get returns the entry at index i, or an empty string when out of range.
+func (l *PackageList) Get(i int) string {
+	if i < 0 || i >= len(l.items) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return l.items[i]
+}
+
+// SplitTunnelSettings is one profile's choice of which applications the tunnel
+// carries. The two selections are kept apart because the platform applies one
+// or the other and never both, and so that switching mode does not throw away
+// the picks made in the other one.
+//
+// Mode is an int rather than a SplitTunnelMode because gomobile carries only
+// basic types across the binding. It holds one of the SplitTunnelMode*
+// constants.
+type SplitTunnelSettings struct {
+	Mode     int
+	Excluded *PackageList
+	Included *PackageList
+}
+
+// NewSplitTunnelSettings creates settings that carry every application.
+func NewSplitTunnelSettings() *SplitTunnelSettings {
+	return &SplitTunnelSettings{
+		Mode:     SplitTunnelModeOff,
+		Excluded: NewPackageList(),
+		Included: NewPackageList(),
+	}
+}
+
+func packagesOf(list *PackageList) []string {
+	if list == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(list.items))
+	out = append(out, list.items...)
+	return out
+}
+
+// normalizeSplitTunnelMode maps anything outside the known set to off, so a mode
+// written by a newer build degrades to carrying every application rather than to
+// some other mode's behaviour.
+func normalizeSplitTunnelMode(mode SplitTunnelMode) SplitTunnelMode {
+	switch mode {
+	case modeExclude, modeInclude:
+		return mode
+	default:
+		return modeOff
+	}
+}
+
+func settingsFromSection(section splitTunnelSection) *SplitTunnelSettings {
+	out := NewSplitTunnelSettings()
+	out.Mode = int(normalizeSplitTunnelMode(section.Mode))
+	for _, pkg := range section.Excluded {
+		out.Excluded.Add(pkg)
+	}
+	for _, pkg := range section.Included {
+		out.Included.Add(pkg)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func sectionFromSettings(settings *SplitTunnelSettings) splitTunnelSection {
+	if settings == nil {
+		settings = NewSplitTunnelSettings()
+	}
+	return splitTunnelSection{
+		Mode:     normalizeSplitTunnelMode(SplitTunnelMode(settings.Mode)),
+		Excluded: packagesOf(settings.Excluded),
+		Included: packagesOf(settings.Included),
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/android/split_tunnel_store.go b/client/android/split_tunnel_store.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f54e0c8ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/split_tunnel_store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+const splitTunnelNamespace = "split-tunnel"
+
+// SplitTunnelStore reads and writes a profile's split tunnelling settings.
+type SplitTunnelStore struct {
+	prefs prefsStore
+}
+
+// NewSplitTunnelStore opens the split tunnelling store of the given profile.
+func NewSplitTunnelStore(configDir, profileID string) (*SplitTunnelStore, error) {
+	prefs, err := newProfilePrefs(configDir, profileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &SplitTunnelStore{prefs: prefs}, nil
+}
+
+// Load returns the stored settings, or settings that carry every application
+// when the profile has none saved.
+func (s *SplitTunnelStore) Load() (*SplitTunnelSettings, error) {
+	var section splitTunnelSection
+	if _, err := s.prefs.Get(splitTunnelNamespace, &section); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return settingsFromSection(section), nil
+}
+
+// Save replaces the stored settings.
+func (s *SplitTunnelStore) Save(settings *SplitTunnelSettings) error {
+	return s.prefs.Put(splitTunnelNamespace, sectionFromSettings(settings))
+}
diff --git a/client/android/split_tunnel_test.go b/client/android/split_tunnel_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf6e0267e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/split_tunnel_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package android
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestNormalizeSplitTunnelMode(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		mode SplitTunnelMode
+		want SplitTunnelMode
+	}{
+		{name: "exclude is kept", mode: modeExclude, want: modeExclude},
+		{name: "include is kept", mode: modeInclude, want: modeInclude},
+		{name: "off is kept", mode: modeOff, want: modeOff},
+		{name: "a mode from a newer build falls back to off", mode: SplitTunnelMode(7), want: modeOff},
+		{name: "a negative mode falls back to off", mode: SplitTunnelMode(-1), want: modeOff},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := normalizeSplitTunnelMode(tt.mode); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("normalizeSplitTunnelMode(%d) = %d, want %d", tt.mode, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// The constants the Android side reads must stay the values the store writes:
+// gomobile carries the ints below, not the typed constants they mirror.
+func TestSplitTunnelModeConstantsMirrorTheTypedOnes(t *testing.T) {
+	if SplitTunnelModeOff != int(modeOff) {
+		t.Errorf("off = %d, want %d", SplitTunnelModeOff, modeOff)
+	}
+	if SplitTunnelModeExclude != int(modeExclude) {
+		t.Errorf("exclude = %d, want %d", SplitTunnelModeExclude, modeExclude)
+	}
+	if SplitTunnelModeInclude != int(modeInclude) {
+		t.Errorf("include = %d, want %d", SplitTunnelModeInclude, modeInclude)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSettingsFromSection(t *testing.T) {
+	got := settingsFromSection(splitTunnelSection{
+		Mode:     modeExclude,
+		Excluded: []string{"com.example.a", "com.example.b"},
+		Included: []string{"com.example.c"},
+	})
+
+	if got.Mode != SplitTunnelModeExclude {
+		t.Errorf("mode = %d, want %d", got.Mode, SplitTunnelModeExclude)
+	}
+	if got.Excluded.Size() != 2 || got.Excluded.Get(0) != "com.example.a" {
+		t.Errorf("excluded = %v, want the two stored packages", packagesOf(got.Excluded))
+	}
+	if got.Included.Size() != 1 || got.Included.Get(0) != "com.example.c" {
+		t.Errorf("included = %v, want the stored package", packagesOf(got.Included))
+	}
+}
+
+// A profile that has never stored anything decodes into an empty section, and
+// must come back as settings that carry every application rather than as nil
+// lists the caller would have to guard against.
+func TestSettingsFromEmptySectionCarriesEverything(t *testing.T) {
+	got := settingsFromSection(splitTunnelSection{})
+
+	if got.Mode != SplitTunnelModeOff {
+		t.Errorf("mode = %d, want %d", got.Mode, SplitTunnelModeOff)
+	}
+	if got.Excluded == nil || got.Included == nil {
+		t.Fatal("both selections must be usable lists, not nil")
+	}
+	if got.Excluded.Size() != 0 || got.Included.Size() != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("selections = %v/%v, want both empty", packagesOf(got.Excluded), packagesOf(got.Included))
+	}
+}
+
+// The section is what the profile's preference file holds, so the mode has to
+// survive a JSON round trip as the number the constants name.
+func TestSectionEncodesTheModeAsItsNumber(t *testing.T) {
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(sectionFromSettings(&SplitTunnelSettings{Mode: SplitTunnelModeInclude}))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal section: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var back splitTunnelSection
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &back); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal section: %v", err)
+	}
+	if back.Mode != modeInclude {
+		t.Errorf("mode = %d, want %d, from %s", back.Mode, modeInclude, raw)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSectionFromSettingsRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := NewSplitTunnelSettings()
+	settings.Mode = SplitTunnelModeInclude
+	settings.Included.Add("com.example.a")
+	settings.Excluded.Add("com.example.b")
+
+	section := sectionFromSettings(settings)
+	back := settingsFromSection(section)
+
+	if back.Mode != SplitTunnelModeInclude {
+		t.Errorf("mode = %d, want %d", back.Mode, SplitTunnelModeInclude)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(packagesOf(back.Included), []string{"com.example.a"}) {
+		t.Errorf("included = %v, want [com.example.a]", packagesOf(back.Included))
+	}
+	// The inactive selection survives, so switching mode back does not make the
+	// user pick their applications again.
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(packagesOf(back.Excluded), []string{"com.example.b"}) {
+		t.Errorf("excluded = %v, want [com.example.b]", packagesOf(back.Excluded))
+	}
+}
+
+// A mode the Java side never sets, such as one left by a newer build, must not
+// reach the stored section either.
+func TestSectionFromSettingsNormalizesAnUnknownMode(t *testing.T) {
+	section := sectionFromSettings(&SplitTunnelSettings{Mode: 7})
+
+	if section.Mode != modeOff {
+		t.Errorf("mode = %d, want %d", section.Mode, modeOff)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSectionFromNilSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	section := sectionFromSettings(nil)
+
+	if section.Mode != modeOff {
+		t.Errorf("mode = %d, want %d", section.Mode, modeOff)
+	}
+	if len(section.Excluded) != 0 || len(section.Included) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("selections = %v/%v, want both empty", section.Excluded, section.Included)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPackageListIgnoresEmptyAndBounds(t *testing.T) {
+	list := NewPackageList()
+	list.Add("com.example.a")
+	list.Add("")
+
+	if list.Size() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("size = %d, want 1", list.Size())
+	}
+	if list.Get(-1) != "" || list.Get(5) != "" {
+		t.Error("out of range access must return an empty string")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/android/ssh_client.go b/client/android/ssh_client.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2822b6539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/ssh_client.go
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	gossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/detection"
+)
+
+const (
+	sshDialTimeout      = 30 * time.Second
+	sshDetectionTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+)
+
+// PasswordRequiredMarker tells Java to prompt for a password and retry. It is
+// a string because gomobile flattens errors to their message, so a sentinel
+// value would not survive the binding.
+const PasswordRequiredMarker = "netbird-ssh-password-required"
+
+// HostKeyUnknownMarker tells Java to show the fingerprint and, on confirmation,
+// retry with TrustHostKey set. The presented fingerprint is appended after the
+// marker so the prompt can display it and the retry can guard against a key
+// that changed between the two connects. Only regular (non-NetBird) servers
+// reach this: NetBird peers verify against the registry.
+const HostKeyUnknownMarker = "netbird-ssh-hostkey-unknown"
+
+var (
+	errPasswordRequired = errors.New(PasswordRequiredMarker)
+	errClientClosed     = errors.New("ssh client closed")
+)
+
+// errHostKeyUnknown carries the presented fingerprint so Connect can build the
+// marker message the Java side parses.
+type errHostKeyUnknown struct {
+	fingerprint string
+}
+
+func (e *errHostKeyUnknown) Error() string {
+	return HostKeyUnknownMarker + ":" + e.fingerprint
+}
+
+// SSHTerminalListener receives SSH session events. It is implemented in Java.
+//
+// All callbacks are invoked from goroutines and may run concurrently with each
+// other; the implementation must be safe to call from any thread.
+type SSHTerminalListener interface {
+	OnConnected()
+	OnData(data []byte)
+	OnClose(reason string)
+	OnError(message string)
+}
+
+// SSHClient is a NetBird-aware SSH client exposed to Java via gomobile.
+//
+// It dials through the running NetBird tunnel and runs a standard SSH session
+// on top with PTY enabled. Host-key verification uses the NetBird-provided
+// peer SSH host keys, identical to the desktop client.
+type SSHClient struct {
+	nb        *Client
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	listener  SSHTerminalListener
+	urlOpener URLOpener
+
+	sshClient *gossh.Client
+	session   *gossh.Session
+	stdin     io.WriteCloser
+	closed    bool
+
+	// gen identifies the current connection attempt. Connect and Close bump it,
+	// so an in-flight dial or a reader left over from a previous connection
+	// finds itself stale and stays silent instead of publishing OnConnected or
+	// OnClose for a connection the caller already abandoned.
+	gen        uint64
+	dialCancel context.CancelFunc
+
+	// knownHostsConfigDir and knownHostsProfile locate the TOFU store for
+	// regular SSH servers in the profile's preferences. Java supplies them,
+	// since an overlay IP is a different host under a different profile. Empty
+	// until set: without them a regular server cannot be verified and Connect
+	// refuses one.
+	knownHostsConfigDir string
+	knownHostsProfile   string
+	// trustHostKey carries the fingerprint the user confirmed on a previous
+	// attempt, so the retry accepts exactly that key and persists it.
+	trustHostKey string
+}
+
+// NewSSHClient creates a new SSH client bound to the running NetBird Client.
+func NewSSHClient(c *Client) *SSHClient {
+	return &SSHClient{nb: c}
+}
+
+// SetListener registers the Java listener. Must be called before Connect to
+// receive any events.
+func (s *SSHClient) SetListener(l SSHTerminalListener) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.listener = l
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// SetURLOpener registers the Java URL opener used to display the device-code
+// authorization page in a Custom Tabs window when the target peer requires
+// JWT authentication. Must be set before Connect to be effective.
+func (s *SSHClient) SetURLOpener(opener URLOpener) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.urlOpener = opener
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// SetKnownHostsStore points the TOFU host-key store at a profile's preferences.
+// Must be set before connecting to a regular SSH server; without it such a
+// server cannot be verified and Connect refuses one.
+func (s *SSHClient) SetKnownHostsStore(configDir, profileID string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.knownHostsConfigDir = configDir
+	s.knownHostsProfile = profileID
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// TrustHostKey records the fingerprint the user confirmed for a regular server,
+// so the next Connect accepts that exact key and adds it to the known-hosts
+// store. Passing a fingerprint that no longer matches makes the connect fail
+// rather than trust a key that changed since the prompt.
+func (s *SSHClient) TrustHostKey(fingerprint string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.trustHostKey = fingerprint
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Connect dials the SSH server through the NetBird tunnel and performs the
+// SSH handshake. It auto-detects the server type via SSH banner inspection
+// and selects the appropriate authentication path:
+//
+//   - NetBird-SSH server requiring JWT: launches the OAuth 2.0 device-code
+//     flow, opens the verification URL through the registered URLOpener, and
+//     uses the resulting token as the SSH password. Host-key verification
+//     uses the NetBird peer registry.
+//   - NetBird-SSH server without JWT: authenticates with the NetBird SSH
+//     private key. Host-key verification uses the NetBird peer registry.
+//   - Regular SSH server (e.g. OpenSSH): authenticates with the NetBird key
+//     first (so a user-installed NetBird public key works), then falls back
+//     to the supplied password if non-empty. Host-key verification is
+//     trust-on-first-use against the per-profile known-hosts store.
+//
+// The password parameter is only consulted for regular SSH servers.
+func (s *SSHClient) Connect(host string, port int, user, password string) error {
+	if port < 1 || port > 65535 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid port: %d", port)
+	}
+
+	cfg, cfgPath, cc := s.nb.authSnapshot()
+	if cc == nil {
+		return errors.New("netbird client not running")
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return errors.New("netbird config not loaded")
+	}
+	engine := cc.Engine()
+	if engine == nil {
+		return errors.New("netbird engine not available")
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.gen++
+	gen := s.gen
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	serverType := detectServerType(host, port)
+	log.Debugf("SSH server type: %s", serverType)
+
+	authMethods, hostKeyCallback, err := s.buildAuth(cfg, cfgPath, engine, serverType, password)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	clientConfig := &gossh.ClientConfig{
+		User:            user,
+		Auth:            authMethods,
+		HostKeyCallback: hostKeyCallback,
+		Timeout:         sshDialTimeout,
+	}
+	err = s.dialAndHandshake(gen, host, port, clientConfig)
+
+	// An unknown host key is a prompt, not a failure: return the marker intact
+	// (rootCause would unwrap it) so Java can show the fingerprint and retry.
+	var unknownHost *errHostKeyUnknown
+	if errors.As(err, &unknownHost) {
+		return errors.New(unknownHost.Error())
+	}
+
+	// A regular server may still accept a password, so let the caller ask for
+	// one instead of failing. NetBird servers never use a password, so a
+	// failure there is genuine.
+	if err != nil && serverType != detection.ServerTypeNetBirdJWT &&
+		serverType != detection.ServerTypeNetBirdNoJWT && isAuthFailure(err) &&
+		passwordCouldHelp(err, password != "") {
+		return errPasswordRequired
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return rootCause(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// StartSession requests a PTY and starts an interactive shell. Output from
+// the session is forwarded to the listener via OnData.
+func (s *SSHClient) StartSession(cols, rows int) error {
+	err := s.startSession(cols, rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Infof("SSH: start session failed: %v", err)
+		return rootCause(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Write sends data to the SSH session stdin.
+func (s *SSHClient) Write(data []byte) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	stdin := s.stdin
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if stdin == nil {
+		return errors.New("ssh session not started")
+	}
+	if _, err := stdin.Write(data); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write stdin: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Resize updates the PTY window size.
+func (s *SSHClient) Resize(cols, rows int) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	session := s.session
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if session == nil {
+		return errors.New("ssh session not started")
+	}
+	return session.WindowChange(rows, cols)
+}
+
+// Reset makes a closed client usable for another Connect: Close leaves the
+// one-shot guard set, and clearing it lets the same client back a reconnect.
+func (s *SSHClient) Reset() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.closed = false
+}
+
+// Close terminates the SSH session and underlying connection. Safe to call
+// multiple times.
+func (s *SSHClient) Close() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.gen++
+	if s.dialCancel != nil {
+		s.dialCancel()
+		s.dialCancel = nil
+	}
+	sshClient := s.sshClient
+	session := s.session
+	stdin := s.stdin
+	s.sshClient = nil
+	s.session = nil
+	s.stdin = nil
+	notify := !s.closed
+	s.closed = true
+	listener := s.listener
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if stdin != nil {
+		if err := stdin.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("ssh: stdin close: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if session != nil {
+		if err := session.Close(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			log.Debugf("ssh: session close: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	var firstErr error
+	if sshClient != nil {
+		if err := sshClient.Close(); err != nil {
+			firstErr = err
+		}
+	}
+	if notify && listener != nil {
+		listener.OnClose("closed by client")
+	}
+	return firstErr
+}
+
+func (s *SSHClient) startSession(cols, rows int) error {
+	log.Debugf("SSH: starting session %dx%d", cols, rows)
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	sshClient := s.sshClient
+	gen := s.gen
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if sshClient == nil {
+		return errors.New("ssh client not connected")
+	}
+
+	pty, err := nbssh.StartPTYSession(sshClient, cols, rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if gen != s.gen {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		closeQuiet(pty.Session, "stale session")
+		return errClientClosed
+	}
+	s.session = pty.Session
+	s.stdin = pty.Stdin
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	readerDone := make(chan string, 2)
+	go func() { readerDone <- s.readLoop(pty.Stdout, "stdout") }()
+	go func() { readerDone <- s.readLoop(pty.Stderr, "stderr") }()
+	go func() {
+		reason := <-readerDone
+		if second := <-readerDone; reason == "" {
+			reason = second
+		}
+		s.notifyClose(gen, reason)
+	}()
+	log.Debug("SSH: session started, shell running")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SSHClient) buildAuth(cfg *profilemanager.Config, cfgPath string, engine *internal.Engine,
+	serverType detection.ServerType, password string) ([]gossh.AuthMethod, gossh.HostKeyCallback, error) {
+
+	switch serverType {
+	case detection.ServerTypeNetBirdJWT:
+		token, err := s.requestJWTToken(cfg, cfgPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("jwt: %w", err)
+		}
+		auths := []gossh.AuthMethod{gossh.Password(token)}
+		return auths, nbssh.CreateHostKeyCallback(nbssh.PeerKeyLookup(engine.GetPeerSSHKey)), nil
+
+	case detection.ServerTypeNetBirdNoJWT:
+		if cfg.SSHKey == "" {
+			return nil, nil, errors.New("no NetBird SSH key available")
+		}
+		signer, err := gossh.ParsePrivateKey([]byte(cfg.SSHKey))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("parse netbird ssh key: %w", err)
+		}
+		auths := []gossh.AuthMethod{gossh.PublicKeys(signer)}
+		return auths, nbssh.CreateHostKeyCallback(nbssh.PeerKeyLookup(engine.GetPeerSSHKey)), nil
+
+	case detection.ServerTypeRegular:
+		var auths []gossh.AuthMethod
+		if cfg.SSHKey != "" {
+			if signer, err := gossh.ParsePrivateKey([]byte(cfg.SSHKey)); err == nil {
+				auths = append(auths, gossh.PublicKeys(signer))
+			} else {
+				log.Debugf("ssh: parse netbird key for regular auth: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+		if password != "" {
+			pw := password
+			auths = append(auths, gossh.Password(pw))
+			auths = append(auths, gossh.KeyboardInteractive(func(_, _ string, questions []string, _ []bool) ([]string, error) {
+				answers := make([]string, len(questions))
+				for i := range questions {
+					answers[i] = pw
+				}
+				return answers, nil
+			}))
+		}
+		if len(auths) == 0 {
+			// Nothing to offer at all: ask for a password rather than failing,
+			// so the caller can retry once the user supplies one.
+			return nil, nil, errPasswordRequired
+		}
+		callback, err := s.tofuHostKeyCallback()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		return auths, callback, nil
+
+	default:
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported SSH server type: %v", serverType)
+	}
+}
+
+// tofuHostKeyCallback verifies a regular server's host key against the
+// per-profile known-hosts store. An unknown host returns errHostKeyUnknown so
+// Java can show the fingerprint and, once confirmed, retry with the key
+// trusted; a changed key is rejected outright, as OpenSSH does. When the user
+// has confirmed a fingerprint, the callback accepts exactly that key and
+// appends it to the store.
+func (s *SSHClient) tofuHostKeyCallback() (gossh.HostKeyCallback, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	configDir := s.knownHostsConfigDir
+	profileID := s.knownHostsProfile
+	trusted := s.trustHostKey
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if configDir == "" || profileID == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("no known-hosts store configured for regular SSH")
+	}
+
+	store, err := openKnownHostsStore(configDir, profileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load known-hosts store: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return func(hostname string, remote net.Addr, key gossh.PublicKey) error {
+		verdict, err := store.verify(hostname, remote, key)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if verdict == hostKeyMatched {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if verdict == hostKeyChanged {
+			return fmt.Errorf("SSH host key changed for %s (possible attack)", hostname)
+		}
+
+		fingerprint := gossh.FingerprintSHA256(key)
+		if trusted == "" {
+			return &errHostKeyUnknown{fingerprint: fingerprint}
+		}
+		if trusted != fingerprint {
+			return fmt.Errorf("SSH host key changed since it was confirmed for %s", hostname)
+		}
+		if err := store.append(hostname, remote, key); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("persist trusted host key: %w", err)
+		}
+		// The confirmation is spent: now that the key is stored, a later
+		// reconnect must verify against the file, not re-accept this fingerprint.
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		s.trustHostKey = ""
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SSHClient) requestJWTToken(cfg *profilemanager.Config, cfgPath string) (string, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	urlOpener := s.urlOpener
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if urlOpener == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("URL opener not configured for JWT auth")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	flow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, cfg, false, true, profileLoginHint(cfgPath))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("create oauth flow: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// The status callback covers the browser round-trip, which would
+	// otherwise leave the terminal blank.
+	tokenInfo, err := runOAuthFlow(ctx, flow, urlOpener, func() {
+		s.notifyStatus("Waiting for browser authentication...")
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	token := tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()
+	if token == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("empty token returned by IdP")
+	}
+
+	// Tells the client the browser round-trip is over so it can dismiss the
+	// surface it opened, the same way the login and session-extend flows do.
+	// Without it the Custom Tab stays in front of the terminal even though the
+	// token has already been collected.
+	urlOpener.OnLoginSuccess()
+
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SSHClient) dialAndHandshake(gen uint64, host string, port int, clientConfig *gossh.ClientConfig) error {
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(port))
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), sshDialTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if gen != s.gen {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return errClientClosed
+	}
+	s.dialCancel = cancel
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var dialer net.Dialer
+	conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("dial %s: %w", addr, err)
+	}
+
+	client, err := nbssh.Handshake(ctx, conn, addr, clientConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if gen != s.gen {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		closeQuiet(client, "stale ssh client")
+		return errClientClosed
+	}
+	s.sshClient = client
+	listener := s.listener
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if listener != nil {
+		listener.OnConnected()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SSHClient) readLoop(r io.Reader, name string) string {
+	buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+	for {
+		n, err := r.Read(buf)
+		if n > 0 {
+			s.mu.Lock()
+			listener := s.listener
+			s.mu.Unlock()
+			if listener != nil {
+				chunk := make([]byte, n)
+				copy(chunk, buf[:n])
+				listener.OnData(chunk)
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			// EOF is a normal shell exit, so report it without a reason.
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				return ""
+			}
+			log.Debugf("ssh %s read: %v", name, err)
+			return rootCause(err).Error()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// notifyStatus writes a progress line to the terminal through the normal
+// output path, so long steps are visible while nothing else is arriving.
+func (s *SSHClient) notifyStatus(text string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	listener := s.listener
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if listener != nil {
+		listener.OnData([]byte("\r\n\x1b[33m" + text + "\x1b[0m\r\n"))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *SSHClient) notifyClose(gen uint64, reason string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if gen != s.gen || s.closed {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	s.closed = true
+	listener := s.listener
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if listener != nil {
+		listener.OnClose(reason)
+	}
+}
+
+func closeQuiet(c io.Closer, label string) {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := c.Close(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		log.Debugf("ssh: close %s: %v", label, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func detectServerType(host string, port int) detection.ServerType {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), sshDetectionTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{}
+	serverType, err := detection.DetectSSHServerType(ctx, dialer, host, port)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("ssh: server detection failed: %v (assuming regular SSH)", err)
+		return detection.ServerTypeRegular
+	}
+	return serverType
+}
+
+// rootCause returns the innermost error of a %w chain, so the terminal shows
+// "i/o timeout" rather than every layer that added context on the way up.
+func rootCause(err error) error {
+	for {
+		// A joined error has no single root, so keep it as-is.
+		if _, ok := err.(interface{ Unwrap() []error }); ok {
+			return err
+		}
+		next := errors.Unwrap(err)
+		if next == nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		err = next
+	}
+}
+
+// isAuthFailure distinguishes credential rejection from dial, timeout and
+// host-key errors, which retrying with a password would not fix.
+func isAuthFailure(err error) bool {
+	if errors.Is(err, errPasswordRequired) {
+		return true
+	}
+	var partial *gossh.PartialSuccessError
+	if errors.As(err, &partial) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unable to authenticate")
+}
+
+// passwordCouldHelp reports whether prompting for a password again can change
+// the outcome. gossh lists a method under "attempted methods" only when the
+// server offered it, so a supplied password that was never attempted means the
+// server does not accept passwords and the real error should surface instead.
+func passwordCouldHelp(err error, passwordOffered bool) bool {
+	if !passwordOffered {
+		return true
+	}
+	msg := err.Error()
+	return strings.Contains(msg, "password") || strings.Contains(msg, "keyboard-interactive")
+}
diff --git a/client/android/ssh_known_hosts.go b/client/android/ssh_known_hosts.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eea90fd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/ssh_known_hosts.go
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	gossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/knownhosts"
+)
+
+const knownHostsNamespace = "ssh"
+
+const (
+	hostKeyUnknown hostKeyVerdict = iota
+	hostKeyMatched
+	hostKeyChanged
+)
+
+var knownHostsMu sync.Mutex
+
+type hostKeyVerdict uint8
+
+type knownHostsSection struct {
+	KnownHosts []string `json:"knownHosts"`
+}
+
+type knownHostsStore struct {
+	prefs prefsStore
+}
+
+// RemoveKnownHost deletes every known-hosts entry for host:port from the
+// profile's store, so a host trusted for a session that is being deleted does
+// not linger. Java calls this only once no session targets that host, so a
+// shared host stays trusted. A missing entry is not an error: the goal state
+// is "absent".
+func RemoveKnownHost(configDir, profileID, host string, port int) error {
+	store, err := openKnownHostsStore(configDir, profileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return store.removeHost(host, port)
+}
+
+func openKnownHostsStore(configDir, profileID string) (*knownHostsStore, error) {
+	prefs, err := newProfilePrefs(configDir, profileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &knownHostsStore{prefs: prefs}, nil
+}
+
+func (st *knownHostsStore) verify(hostname string, remote net.Addr, key gossh.PublicKey) (hostKeyVerdict, error) {
+	lines, err := st.lines()
+	if err != nil {
+		return hostKeyUnknown, err
+	}
+	targets := knownHostsTargets(hostname, remote)
+
+	verdict := hostKeyUnknown
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		pubKey, ok := knownHostsLineKey(line, targets)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if pubKey.Type() == key.Type() && bytes.Equal(pubKey.Marshal(), key.Marshal()) {
+			return hostKeyMatched, nil
+		}
+		verdict = hostKeyChanged
+	}
+	return verdict, nil
+}
+
+func (st *knownHostsStore) append(hostname string, remote net.Addr, key gossh.PublicKey) error {
+	line := knownhosts.Line(knownHostsTargets(hostname, remote), key)
+
+	knownHostsMu.Lock()
+	defer knownHostsMu.Unlock()
+
+	lines, err := st.lines()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return st.prefs.Put(knownHostsNamespace, knownHostsSection{KnownHosts: append(lines, line)})
+}
+
+func (st *knownHostsStore) removeHost(host string, port int) error {
+	target := knownhosts.Normalize(net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(port)))
+
+	knownHostsMu.Lock()
+	defer knownHostsMu.Unlock()
+
+	lines, err := st.lines()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	kept := make([]string, 0, len(lines))
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if knownHostsLineMatches(line, target) {
+			continue
+		}
+		kept = append(kept, line)
+	}
+	if len(kept) == len(lines) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return st.prefs.Put(knownHostsNamespace, knownHostsSection{KnownHosts: kept})
+}
+
+func (st *knownHostsStore) lines() ([]string, error) {
+	var section knownHostsSection
+	if _, err := st.prefs.Get(knownHostsNamespace, &section); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return section.KnownHosts, nil
+}
+
+func knownHostsTargets(hostname string, remote net.Addr) []string {
+	targets := []string{knownhosts.Normalize(hostname)}
+	if remote != nil {
+		if normalized := knownhosts.Normalize(remote.String()); normalized != targets[0] {
+			targets = append(targets, normalized)
+		}
+	}
+	return targets
+}
+
+func knownHostsLineKey(line string, targets []string) (gossh.PublicKey, bool) {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+	if trimmed == "" || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#") {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	_, hosts, pubKey, _, _, err := gossh.ParseKnownHosts([]byte(trimmed))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	for _, host := range hosts {
+		for _, target := range targets {
+			if host == target {
+				return pubKey, true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// knownHostsLineMatches reports whether a known-hosts line's address list
+// contains the normalized target. Comment and blank lines never match.
+func knownHostsLineMatches(line, target string) bool {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(line)
+	if trimmed == "" || strings.HasPrefix(trimmed, "#") {
+		return false
+	}
+	fields := strings.Fields(trimmed)
+	if len(fields) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, addr := range strings.Split(fields[0], ",") {
+		if addr == target {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/android/ssh_sessions.go b/client/android/ssh_sessions.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44b5464e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/android/ssh_sessions.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//go:build android
+
+package android
+
+const (
+	sshSessionsNamespace = "ssh-sessions"
+	maxStoredSSHSessions = 50
+)
+
+type sshSessionRecord struct {
+	ID   string `json:"id"`
+	Host string `json:"host"`
+	Port int    `json:"port"`
+	User string `json:"user"`
+}
+
+type sshSessionsSection struct {
+	Sessions []sshSessionRecord `json:"sessions"`
+}
+
+// SSHSessionEntry is one stored SSH session, without any credential.
+type SSHSessionEntry struct {
+	ID   string
+	Host string
+	Port int
+	User string
+}
+
+// SSHSessionArray wraps stored SSH sessions for gomobile compatibility.
+type SSHSessionArray struct {
+	items []*SSHSessionEntry
+}
+
+// NewSSHSessionArray creates an empty session array to fill via Add.
+func NewSSHSessionArray() *SSHSessionArray {
+	return &SSHSessionArray{}
+}
+
+// Add appends a session entry, oldest first.
+func (a *SSHSessionArray) Add(id, host string, port int, user string) {
+	a.items = append(a.items, &SSHSessionEntry{ID: id, Host: host, Port: port, User: user})
+}
+
+// Length returns the number of entries.
+func (a *SSHSessionArray) Length() int {
+	return len(a.items)
+}
+
+// Get returns the entry at index i, or nil when out of range.
+func (a *SSHSessionArray) Get(i int) *SSHSessionEntry {
+	if i < 0 || i >= len(a.items) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return a.items[i]
+}
+
+// SSHSessionStore reads and writes a profile's stored SSH sessions.
+type SSHSessionStore struct {
+	prefs prefsStore
+}
+
+// NewSSHSessionStore opens the session store of the given profile.
+func NewSSHSessionStore(configDir, profileID string) (*SSHSessionStore, error) {
+	prefs, err := newProfilePrefs(configDir, profileID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &SSHSessionStore{prefs: prefs}, nil
+}
+
+// Load returns the stored sessions, oldest first.
+func (s *SSHSessionStore) Load() (*SSHSessionArray, error) {
+	var section sshSessionsSection
+	if _, err := s.prefs.Get(sshSessionsNamespace, &section); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	out := NewSSHSessionArray()
+	for _, record := range section.Sessions {
+		if record.ID == "" || record.Host == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		out.Add(record.ID, record.Host, record.Port, record.User)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// Save replaces the stored sessions, keeping only the newest entries when the
+// list exceeds the storage cap.
+func (s *SSHSessionStore) Save(sessions *SSHSessionArray) error {
+	var items []*SSHSessionEntry
+	if sessions != nil {
+		items = sessions.items
+	}
+	if len(items) > maxStoredSSHSessions {
+		items = items[len(items)-maxStoredSSHSessions:]
+	}
+
+	records := make([]sshSessionRecord, 0, len(items))
+	for _, item := range items {
+		records = append(records, sshSessionRecord{ID: item.ID, Host: item.Host, Port: item.Port, User: item.User})
+	}
+	return s.prefs.Put(sshSessionsNamespace, sshSessionsSection{Sessions: records})
+}
diff --git a/client/anonymize/anonymize.go b/client/anonymize/anonymize.go
index 89e653300..c5d43ed55 100644
--- a/client/anonymize/anonymize.go
+++ b/client/anonymize/anonymize.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package anonymize
 
 import (
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/big"
 	"net"
@@ -9,46 +10,148 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"regexp"
 	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )
 
 const anonTLD = ".domain"
 
+// Level selects how much the anonymizer redacts. Levels are ordered: a higher
+// level redacts strictly more. On the wire (protos, flags) levels travel as
+// their string form.
+type Level int
+
+const (
+	// LevelDefault anonymizes public IP addresses, IPv6 ULA, domains, and MAC
+	// addresses. Internal IPv4 ranges (RFC 1918, CGNAT, link-local) are
+	// preserved so support can reason about the real topology.
+	LevelDefault Level = iota
+	// LevelStrict additionally anonymizes internal IP ranges, peer names, and
+	// WireGuard public keys.
+	LevelStrict
+)
+
+// LevelDefaultString and LevelStrictString are the wire forms of the levels,
+// for boundaries that pass levels as strings (flags, protos, mobile bindings).
+const (
+	LevelDefaultString = "default"
+	LevelStrictString  = "strict"
+)
+
+// ParseLevel maps s to a Level. Empty means LevelDefault; anything
+// unrecognized maps to LevelStrict so an unknown request never yields less
+// anonymization than intended.
+func ParseLevel(s string) Level {
+	switch strings.ToLower(s) {
+	case "", LevelDefaultString:
+		return LevelDefault
+	default:
+		return LevelStrict
+	}
+}
+
+// String returns the wire form of the level: "default" or "strict".
+func (l Level) String() string {
+	if l >= LevelStrict {
+		return LevelStrictString
+	}
+	return LevelDefaultString
+}
+
+// protectedDomains are NetBird-operated suffixes that stay recognizable in an
+// anonymized bundle. At LevelStrict the labels in front of them (the peer
+// name) are still replaced, except under netbird.io, which only hosts
+// NetBird infrastructure (api, signal, flow), never peer names.
+var protectedDomains = []string{"netbird.io", "netbird.selfhosted", "netbird.cloud", "netbird.stage"}
+
+const infraDomain = "netbird.io"
+
+var (
+	macColonRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`\b[0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{2}){5}\b`)
+	macDashRegex  = regexp.MustCompile(`\b[0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?:-[0-9a-fA-F]{2}){5}\b`)
+	wgKeyRegex    = regexp.MustCompile(`\b[A-Za-z0-9+/]{43}=`)
+)
+
 type Anonymizer struct {
 	ipAnonymizer     map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr
 	domainAnonymizer map[string]string
-	currentAnonIPv4  netip.Addr
-	currentAnonIPv6  netip.Addr
-	startAnonIPv4    netip.Addr
-	startAnonIPv6    netip.Addr
+	// domainOrder caches the keys of domainAnonymizer sorted longest-first
+	// for AnonymizeString; it is rebuilt when the map gains entries.
+	domainOrder     []string
+	labelAnonymizer map[string]string
+	labelAnonymized map[string]struct{}
+	labelCounter    uint32
+	macAnonymizer   map[string]string
+	macCounter      uint32
+	wgKeyAnonymizer map[string]string
+	wgKeyAnonymized map[string]struct{}
+	currentAnonIPv4 netip.Addr
+	currentAnonIPv6 netip.Addr
+	startAnonIPv4   netip.Addr
+	startAnonIPv6   netip.Addr
+
+	// LevelStrict also anonymizes internal ranges (RFC 1918, CGNAT,
+	// link-local), replacing them from the dedicated internal pools below so
+	// a reader can still tell an internal address from a public one.
+	level                   Level
+	currentAnonInternalIPv4 netip.Addr
+	currentAnonInternalIPv6 netip.Addr
+	startAnonInternalIPv4   netip.Addr
+	startAnonInternalIPv6   netip.Addr
 
 	domainKeyRegex *regexp.Regexp
 }
 
 func DefaultAddresses() (netip.Addr, netip.Addr) {
-	// 198.51.100.0, 100::
-	return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{198, 51, 100, 0}), netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0x01})
+	// 198.51.100.0 (RFC 5737 TEST-NET-2), 2001:db8:ffff:: (RFC 3849 documentation, last /48)
+	// The old start 100:: (discard, RFC 6666) is now used for fake IPs on Android.
+	return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{198, 51, 100, 0}), netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8:ffff::")
+}
+
+// InternalAddresses returns the pool starts used in strict mode for internal
+// ranges. Both are reserved ranges that cannot collide with real addressing:
+// 198.18.0.0 (RFC 2544 benchmarking), 2001:db8:1:: (RFC 3849 documentation).
+func InternalAddresses() (netip.Addr, netip.Addr) {
+	return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{198, 18, 0, 0}), netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8:1::")
 }
 
 func NewAnonymizer(startIPv4, startIPv6 netip.Addr) *Anonymizer {
+	internalIPv4, internalIPv6 := InternalAddresses()
 	return &Anonymizer{
 		ipAnonymizer:     map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr{},
 		domainAnonymizer: map[string]string{},
+		labelAnonymizer:  map[string]string{},
+		labelAnonymized:  map[string]struct{}{},
+		macAnonymizer:    map[string]string{},
+		wgKeyAnonymizer:  map[string]string{},
+		wgKeyAnonymized:  map[string]struct{}{},
 		currentAnonIPv4:  startIPv4,
 		currentAnonIPv6:  startIPv6,
 		startAnonIPv4:    startIPv4,
 		startAnonIPv6:    startIPv6,
 
+		level:                   LevelDefault,
+		currentAnonInternalIPv4: internalIPv4,
+		currentAnonInternalIPv6: internalIPv6,
+		startAnonInternalIPv4:   internalIPv4,
+		startAnonInternalIPv6:   internalIPv6,
+
 		domainKeyRegex: regexp.MustCompile(`\bdomain=([^\s,:"]+)`),
 	}
 }
 
+// SetLevel selects the anonymization level. The zero value of a new
+// Anonymizer is LevelDefault.
+func (a *Anonymizer) SetLevel(level Level) {
+	a.level = level
+}
+
 func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeIP(ip netip.Addr) netip.Addr {
+	// Normalize 4-in-6 addresses so ::ffff:192.168.1.1 classifies and maps
+	// like 192.168.1.1.
+	ip = ip.Unmap()
+
 	if ip.IsLoopback() ||
-		ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() ||
-		ip.IsLinkLocalMulticast() ||
-		ip.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast() ||
-		ip.IsPrivate() ||
 		ip.IsUnspecified() ||
 		ip.IsMulticast() ||
 		isWellKnown(ip) ||
@@ -57,18 +160,100 @@ func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeIP(ip netip.Addr) netip.Addr {
 		return ip
 	}
 
+	if isInternal(ip) && a.level < LevelStrict {
+		return ip
+	}
+
 	if _, ok := a.ipAnonymizer[ip]; !ok {
-		if ip.Is4() {
-			a.ipAnonymizer[ip] = a.currentAnonIPv4
-			a.currentAnonIPv4 = a.currentAnonIPv4.Next()
-		} else {
-			a.ipAnonymizer[ip] = a.currentAnonIPv6
-			a.currentAnonIPv6 = a.currentAnonIPv6.Next()
-		}
+		a.ipAnonymizer[ip] = a.nextAnonIP(ip)
 	}
 	return a.ipAnonymizer[ip]
 }
 
+func (a *Anonymizer) nextAnonIP(ip netip.Addr) netip.Addr {
+	// At the strict level, internal addresses (including IPv6 ULA, matched
+	// by IsPrivate) come from the internal pools so they remain recognizable
+	// as internal without disclosing the real values.
+	if a.level >= LevelStrict && (isInternal(ip) || ip.IsPrivate()) {
+		if ip.Is4() {
+			anon := a.currentAnonInternalIPv4
+			a.currentAnonInternalIPv4 = a.currentAnonInternalIPv4.Next()
+			return anon
+		}
+		anon := a.currentAnonInternalIPv6
+		a.currentAnonInternalIPv6 = a.currentAnonInternalIPv6.Next()
+		return anon
+	}
+
+	if ip.Is4() {
+		anon := a.currentAnonIPv4
+		a.currentAnonIPv4 = a.currentAnonIPv4.Next()
+		return anon
+	}
+	anon := a.currentAnonIPv6
+	a.currentAnonIPv6 = a.currentAnonIPv6.Next()
+	return anon
+}
+
+// AnonymizeMAC replaces a MAC address with a consistent placeholder from the
+// locally administered range starting at 02:00:00:00:00:01, at every
+// anonymization level. Broadcast, multicast, all-zero, and already assigned
+// placeholder addresses are preserved. The colon and dash spellings of the
+// same address share one placeholder; the output keeps the input's separator.
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeMAC(mac string) string {
+	hw, err := net.ParseMAC(mac)
+	if err != nil || len(hw) != 6 {
+		return mac
+	}
+
+	if isWellKnownMAC(hw) || a.isAnonymizedMAC(hw) {
+		return mac
+	}
+
+	key := hw.String()
+	anon, ok := a.macAnonymizer[key]
+	if !ok {
+		a.macCounter++
+		anon = fmt.Sprintf("02:00:00:%02x:%02x:%02x", byte(a.macCounter>>16), byte(a.macCounter>>8), byte(a.macCounter))
+		a.macAnonymizer[key] = anon
+	}
+
+	if strings.Contains(mac, "-") {
+		anon = strings.ReplaceAll(anon, ":", "-")
+	}
+	return anon
+}
+
+// isAnonymizedMAC reports whether hw is a placeholder this anonymizer already
+// handed out, so a second pass over anonymized output leaves it unchanged.
+func (a *Anonymizer) isAnonymizedMAC(hw net.HardwareAddr) bool {
+	if hw[0] != 0x02 || hw[1] != 0 || hw[2] != 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	value := uint32(hw[3])<<16 | uint32(hw[4])<<8 | uint32(hw[5])
+	return value <= a.macCounter
+}
+
+// AnonymizeWGKey replaces a WireGuard public key with a consistent random
+// placeholder of the same shape. Keys are only anonymized at LevelStrict;
+// placeholders already handed out pass through unchanged.
+func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeWGKey(key string) string {
+	if a.level < LevelStrict || !looksLikeWGKey(key) {
+		return key
+	}
+	if _, ok := a.wgKeyAnonymized[key]; ok {
+		return key
+	}
+
+	anon, ok := a.wgKeyAnonymizer[key]
+	if !ok {
+		anon = generateAnonymousKey()
+		a.wgKeyAnonymizer[key] = anon
+		a.wgKeyAnonymized[anon] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return anon
+}
+
 func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeUDPAddr(addr net.UDPAddr) net.UDPAddr {
 	// Convert IP to netip.Addr
 	ip, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(addr.IP)
@@ -87,15 +272,20 @@ func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeUDPAddr(addr net.UDPAddr) net.UDPAddr {
 
 // isInAnonymizedRange checks if an IP is within the range of already assigned anonymized IPs
 func (a *Anonymizer) isInAnonymizedRange(ip netip.Addr) bool {
-	if ip.Is4() && ip.Compare(a.startAnonIPv4) >= 0 && ip.Compare(a.currentAnonIPv4) <= 0 {
-		return true
-	} else if !ip.Is4() && ip.Compare(a.startAnonIPv6) >= 0 && ip.Compare(a.currentAnonIPv6) <= 0 {
-		return true
+	if ip.Is4() {
+		return inPoolRange(ip, a.startAnonIPv4, a.currentAnonIPv4) ||
+			inPoolRange(ip, a.startAnonInternalIPv4, a.currentAnonInternalIPv4)
 	}
-	return false
+	return inPoolRange(ip, a.startAnonIPv6, a.currentAnonIPv6) ||
+		inPoolRange(ip, a.startAnonInternalIPv6, a.currentAnonInternalIPv6)
 }
 
 func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeIPString(ip string) string {
+	// Handle CIDR notation (e.g. "2001:db8::/32")
+	if prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(ip); err == nil {
+		return a.AnonymizeIP(prefix.Addr()).String() + "/" + strconv.Itoa(prefix.Bits())
+	}
+
 	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ip)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ip
@@ -111,14 +301,23 @@ func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeDomain(domain string) string {
 		baseDomain = domain[:len(domain)-1]
 	}
 
-	if strings.HasSuffix(baseDomain, "netbird.io") ||
-		strings.HasSuffix(baseDomain, "netbird.selfhosted") ||
-		strings.HasSuffix(baseDomain, "netbird.cloud") ||
-		strings.HasSuffix(baseDomain, "netbird.stage") ||
-		strings.HasSuffix(baseDomain, anonTLD) {
+	if strings.HasSuffix(baseDomain, anonTLD) {
 		return domain
 	}
 
+	// A reverse zone names an address prefix, so it follows the address rules,
+	// which also keeps its digit labels intact.
+	if zone, ok := a.anonymizeReverseZone(baseDomain); ok {
+		return withTrailingDot(zone, hasDot)
+	}
+
+	if suffix := protectedSuffix(baseDomain); suffix != "" {
+		if a.level < LevelStrict || baseDomain == suffix || suffix == infraDomain {
+			return domain
+		}
+		return withTrailingDot(a.anonymizePeerName(baseDomain, suffix), hasDot)
+	}
+
 	parts := strings.Split(baseDomain, ".")
 	if len(parts) < 2 {
 		return domain
@@ -134,12 +333,53 @@ func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeDomain(domain string) string {
 	}
 
 	result := strings.Replace(baseDomain, baseForLookup, anonymized, 1)
-	if hasDot {
-		result += "."
+	if a.level >= LevelStrict && len(parts) > 2 {
+		prefix := strings.TrimSuffix(baseDomain, "."+baseForLookup)
+		result = a.anonymizeLabels(prefix, "host") + "." + anonymized
+		// The full mapping feeds AnonymizeString so seeded FQDNs are caught
+		// in log lines as a whole, labels included.
+		a.domainAnonymizer[baseDomain] = result
+	}
+	return withTrailingDot(result, hasDot)
+}
+
+// anonymizePeerName replaces the labels in front of a protected suffix with
+// numbered peer placeholders, keeping the suffix, and records the full
+// mapping for string replacement in logs. The numbering keeps a peer
+// recognizable across the whole bundle without disclosing its name.
+func (a *Anonymizer) anonymizePeerName(baseDomain, suffix string) string {
+	prefix := strings.TrimSuffix(baseDomain, "."+suffix)
+	result := a.anonymizeLabels(prefix, "peer") + "." + suffix
+	if result != baseDomain {
+		a.domainAnonymizer[baseDomain] = result
 	}
 	return result
 }
 
+// anonymizeLabels replaces each dot-separated label with a consistent
+// numbered placeholder ("<placeholder>-<n>"). Wildcard labels and
+// placeholders already handed out pass through unchanged.
+func (a *Anonymizer) anonymizeLabels(prefix, placeholder string) string {
+	labels := strings.Split(prefix, ".")
+	for i, label := range labels {
+		if label == "*" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := a.labelAnonymized[label]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		anon, ok := a.labelAnonymizer[label]
+		if !ok {
+			a.labelCounter++
+			anon = fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", placeholder, a.labelCounter)
+			a.labelAnonymizer[label] = anon
+			a.labelAnonymized[anon] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		labels[i] = anon
+	}
+	return strings.Join(labels, ".")
+}
+
 func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeURI(uri string) string {
 	u, err := url.Parse(uri)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -150,7 +390,7 @@ func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeURI(uri string) string {
 	if u.Opaque != "" {
 		host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Opaque)
 		if err == nil {
-			anonymizedHost = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", a.AnonymizeDomain(host), port)
+			anonymizedHost = net.JoinHostPort(a.AnonymizeDomain(host), port)
 		} else {
 			anonymizedHost = a.AnonymizeDomain(u.Opaque)
 		}
@@ -158,7 +398,7 @@ func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeURI(uri string) string {
 	} else if u.Host != "" {
 		host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(u.Host)
 		if err == nil {
-			anonymizedHost = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", a.AnonymizeDomain(host), port)
+			anonymizedHost = net.JoinHostPort(a.AnonymizeDomain(host), port)
 		} else {
 			anonymizedHost = a.AnonymizeDomain(u.Host)
 		}
@@ -171,17 +411,75 @@ func (a *Anonymizer) AnonymizeString(str string) string {
 	ipv4Regex := regexp.MustCompile(`\b(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}\b`)
 	ipv6Regex := regexp.MustCompile(`\b([0-9a-fA-F:]+:+[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4})(?:%[0-9a-zA-Z]+)?(?:\/[0-9]{1,3})?(?::[0-9]{1,5})?\b`)
 
+	// Reverse zones go first and are then held out of the passes below: their
+	// labels are digits, which the address patterns would otherwise consume.
+	str, restoreZones := a.replaceReverseZones(str)
+
 	str = ipv4Regex.ReplaceAllStringFunc(str, a.AnonymizeIPString)
 	str = ipv6Regex.ReplaceAllStringFunc(str, a.AnonymizeIPString)
 
-	for domain, anonDomain := range a.domainAnonymizer {
-		str = strings.ReplaceAll(str, domain, anonDomain)
+	for _, domain := range a.sortedDomains() {
+		str = strings.ReplaceAll(str, domain, a.domainAnonymizer[domain])
 	}
 
 	str = a.AnonymizeSchemeURI(str)
 	str = a.AnonymizeDNSLogLine(str)
 
-	return str
+	// MAC handling runs after the IP passes so preserved IPv6 addresses are
+	// already out of the way; the separator guard skips matches embedded in a
+	// longer colon- or dash-separated sequence (such as an IPv6 tail).
+	str = a.anonymizeMACsInString(str, macColonRegex, ':')
+	str = a.anonymizeMACsInString(str, macDashRegex, '-')
+
+	if a.level >= LevelStrict {
+		str = wgKeyRegex.ReplaceAllStringFunc(str, a.AnonymizeWGKey)
+	}
+
+	return restoreZones(str)
+}
+
+// sortedDomains returns the domain mappings longest-first, so a full-FQDN
+// mapping (strict level) is applied before the base-domain mapping it
+// contains. The order is rebuilt only when domainAnonymizer has grown.
+func (a *Anonymizer) sortedDomains() []string {
+	if len(a.domainOrder) == len(a.domainAnonymizer) {
+		return a.domainOrder
+	}
+
+	a.domainOrder = a.domainOrder[:0]
+	for domain := range a.domainAnonymizer {
+		a.domainOrder = append(a.domainOrder, domain)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(a.domainOrder, func(x, y string) int {
+		if d := len(y) - len(x); d != 0 {
+			return d
+		}
+		return strings.Compare(x, y)
+	})
+	return a.domainOrder
+}
+
+// anonymizeMACsInString replaces MAC addresses matched by re, skipping
+// matches that directly adjoin another sep so a six-group run inside a longer
+// separated sequence is left alone.
+func (a *Anonymizer) anonymizeMACsInString(str string, re *regexp.Regexp, sep byte) string {
+	matches := re.FindAllStringIndex(str, -1)
+	if len(matches) == 0 {
+		return str
+	}
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	last := 0
+	for _, m := range matches {
+		if (m[0] > 0 && str[m[0]-1] == sep) || (m[1] < len(str) && str[m[1]] == sep) {
+			continue
+		}
+		b.WriteString(str[last:m[0]])
+		b.WriteString(a.AnonymizeMAC(str[m[0]:m[1]]))
+		last = m[1]
+	}
+	b.WriteString(str[last:])
+	return b.String()
 }
 
 // AnonymizeSchemeURI finds and anonymizes URIs with ws, wss, rel, rels, stun, stuns, turn, and turns schemes.
@@ -232,10 +530,79 @@ func isWellKnown(addr netip.Addr) bool {
 		"128.0.0.0", "8000::", // 2nd split subnet for default routes
 	}
 
-	if slices.Contains(wellKnown, addr.String()) {
+	return slices.Contains(wellKnown, addr.String())
+}
+
+// isInternal reports whether ip identifies a host only within the local
+// network: IPv4 private (RFC 1918), CGNAT (RFC 6598), and link-local (v4 and
+// v6). These are preserved at the default level so support can reason about
+// the real topology, and replaced from the internal pools at the strict
+// level. IPv6 ULA is deliberately not internal: its random global ID uniquely
+// fingerprints the network, so it is anonymized at every level.
+func isInternal(ip netip.Addr) bool {
+	return (ip.Is4() && ip.IsPrivate()) ||
+		ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() ||
+		isCGNAT(ip)
+}
+
+func inPoolRange(ip, start, current netip.Addr) bool {
+	return ip.Compare(start) >= 0 && ip.Compare(current) <= 0
+}
+
+// isWellKnownMAC reports whether hw carries no stable host identity: all-zero
+// or a group address (broadcast and multicast).
+func isWellKnownMAC(hw net.HardwareAddr) bool {
+	if hw[0]&1 == 1 {
 		return true
 	}
+	for _, b := range hw {
+		if b != 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
 
+// looksLikeWGKey reports whether s has the shape of a WireGuard key:
+// 44 base64 characters decoding to 32 bytes.
+func looksLikeWGKey(s string) bool {
+	if len(s) != 44 || s[43] != '=' {
+		return false
+	}
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(s)
+	return err == nil && len(decoded) == 32
+}
+
+func generateAnonymousKey() string {
+	buf := make([]byte, 32)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(buf); err != nil {
+		return strings.Repeat("A", 43) + "="
+	}
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(buf)
+}
+
+// protectedSuffix returns the protected NetBird suffix baseDomain ends with,
+// or empty. The match is label-anchored so an unrelated domain that merely
+// ends in the same characters is not preserved.
+func protectedSuffix(baseDomain string) string {
+	for _, d := range protectedDomains {
+		if baseDomain == d || strings.HasSuffix(baseDomain, "."+d) {
+			return d
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func withTrailingDot(domain string, hasDot bool) string {
+	if hasDot {
+		return domain + "."
+	}
+	return domain
+}
+
+// isCGNAT reports whether addr is in 100.64.0.0/10 (RFC 6598), the range
+// NetBird assigns overlay peer addresses from.
+func isCGNAT(addr netip.Addr) bool {
 	cgnatRangeStart := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 0})
 	cgnatRange := netip.PrefixFrom(cgnatRangeStart, 10)
 
diff --git a/client/anonymize/anonymize_test.go b/client/anonymize/anonymize_test.go
index ff2e48869..7c3c7bcf8 100644
--- a/client/anonymize/anonymize_test.go
+++ b/client/anonymize/anonymize_test.go
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package anonymize_test
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"net/netip"
 	"regexp"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 
 func TestAnonymizeIP(t *testing.T) {
 	startIPv4 := netip.MustParseAddr("198.51.100.0")
-	startIPv6 := netip.MustParseAddr("100::")
+	startIPv6 := netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8:ffff::")
 	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(startIPv4, startIPv6)
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -26,9 +29,9 @@ func TestAnonymizeIP(t *testing.T) {
 		{"Second Public IPv4", "4.3.2.1", "198.51.100.1"},
 		{"Repeated IPv4", "1.2.3.4", "198.51.100.0"},
 		{"Private IPv4", "192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.1"},
-		{"First Public IPv6", "2607:f8b0:4005:805::200e", "100::"},
-		{"Second Public IPv6", "a::b", "100::1"},
-		{"Repeated IPv6", "2607:f8b0:4005:805::200e", "100::"},
+		{"First Public IPv6", "2607:f8b0:4005:805::200e", "2001:db8:ffff::"},
+		{"Second Public IPv6", "a::b", "2001:db8:ffff::1"},
+		{"Repeated IPv6", "2607:f8b0:4005:805::200e", "2001:db8:ffff::"},
 		{"Private IPv6", "fe80::1", "fe80::1"},
 		{"In Range IPv4", "198.51.100.2", "198.51.100.2"},
 	}
@@ -44,6 +47,301 @@ func TestAnonymizeIP(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestParseLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input  string
+		expect anonymize.Level
+	}{
+		{"", anonymize.LevelDefault},
+		{"default", anonymize.LevelDefault},
+		{"DEFAULT", anonymize.LevelDefault},
+		{"strict", anonymize.LevelStrict},
+		{"STRICT", anonymize.LevelStrict},
+		// Unknown values must never yield less anonymization than requested.
+		{"garbage", anonymize.LevelStrict},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run("input="+tc.input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, anonymize.ParseLevel(tc.input), "parsed level should match")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeIP_DefaultLevelInternalRanges(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		ip     string
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{"RFC1918 10/8", "10.1.2.3", "10.1.2.3"},
+		{"RFC1918 172.16/12", "172.16.5.5", "172.16.5.5"},
+		{"RFC1918 192.168/16", "192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.1"},
+		{"CGNAT", "100.64.0.5", "100.64.0.5"},
+		{"IPv4 link-local", "169.254.1.1", "169.254.1.1"},
+		{"IPv6 link-local", "fe80::1", "fe80::1"},
+		// ULA is anonymized even at the default level: its random global ID
+		// uniquely fingerprints the network, unlike shared RFC 1918 space.
+		{"IPv6 ULA", "fd12:3456:789a::1", "2001:db8:ffff::"},
+		// 4-in-6 addresses classify like their unmapped IPv4 form.
+		{"4-in-6 RFC1918", "::ffff:192.168.1.1", "192.168.1.1"},
+		{"4-in-6 CGNAT", "::ffff:100.64.0.5", "100.64.0.5"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := anonymizer.AnonymizeIP(netip.MustParseAddr(tc.ip))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, result.String(), "default level should preserve internal ranges except ULA")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeIP_StrictLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+	anonymizer.SetLevel(anonymize.LevelStrict)
+
+	// Order matters: internal pool addresses are assigned sequentially.
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		ip     string
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{"RFC1918 192.168/16", "192.168.1.1", "198.18.0.0"},
+		{"Second RFC1918", "192.168.1.2", "198.18.0.1"},
+		{"Repeated RFC1918", "192.168.1.1", "198.18.0.0"},
+		{"RFC1918 10/8", "10.1.2.3", "198.18.0.2"},
+		{"RFC1918 172.16/12", "172.16.5.5", "198.18.0.3"},
+		{"CGNAT", "100.64.0.5", "198.18.0.4"},
+		{"IPv4 link-local", "169.254.1.1", "198.18.0.5"},
+		{"Public IPv4 uses public pool", "1.2.3.4", "198.51.100.0"},
+		{"IPv6 link-local", "fe80::1", "2001:db8:1::"},
+		{"IPv6 ULA", "fd12:3456:789a::1", "2001:db8:1::1"},
+		{"Public IPv6 uses public pool", "2607:f8b0:4005:805::200e", "2001:db8:ffff::"},
+		{"Loopback IPv4", "127.0.0.1", "127.0.0.1"},
+		{"Loopback IPv6", "::1", "::1"},
+		{"Unspecified", "0.0.0.0", "0.0.0.0"},
+		{"Multicast", "224.0.0.251", "224.0.0.251"},
+		{"Well known resolver", "8.8.8.8", "8.8.8.8"},
+		{"Well known split marker", "128.0.0.0", "128.0.0.0"},
+		{"In internal pool range", "198.18.0.3", "198.18.0.3"},
+		{"In public pool range", "198.51.100.0", "198.51.100.0"},
+		{"4-in-6 repeated RFC1918", "::ffff:192.168.1.1", "198.18.0.0"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := anonymizer.AnonymizeIP(netip.MustParseAddr(tc.ip))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, result.String(), "strict level should replace internal ranges from the internal pools")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeString_StrictInternalIPs(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+	anonymizer.SetLevel(anonymize.LevelStrict)
+
+	input := "route 10.20.30.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 src 100.64.0.7"
+	firstPass := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(input)
+	secondPass := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(firstPass)
+
+	assert.NotContains(t, firstPass, "10.20.30.0", "private network address should be anonymized")
+	assert.NotContains(t, firstPass, "192.168.1.1", "private gateway should be anonymized")
+	assert.NotContains(t, firstPass, "100.64.0.7", "CGNAT address should be anonymized")
+	assert.Contains(t, firstPass, "/24", "prefix length should be preserved")
+	assert.Equal(t, firstPass, secondPass, "second pass should not further anonymize the string")
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeMAC(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	first := anonymizer.AnonymizeMAC("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:0f")
+	assert.Equal(t, "02:00:00:00:00:01", first, "first MAC should get the first placeholder")
+	assert.Equal(t, first, anonymizer.AnonymizeMAC("aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:0f"), "repeated MAC should map to the same placeholder")
+	assert.Equal(t, first, anonymizer.AnonymizeMAC("AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:0F"), "case should not affect the mapping")
+	assert.Equal(t, "02-00-00-00-00-01", anonymizer.AnonymizeMAC("AA-BB-CC-DD-EE-0F"), "dash form should keep its separator but share the mapping")
+
+	second := anonymizer.AnonymizeMAC("10:22:33:44:55:66")
+	assert.Equal(t, "02:00:00:00:00:02", second, "second distinct MAC should get the next placeholder")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		mac  string
+	}{
+		{"Broadcast", "ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff"},
+		{"IPv4 multicast", "01:00:5e:00:00:fb"},
+		{"IPv6 multicast", "33:33:00:00:00:01"},
+		{"All zero", "00:00:00:00:00:00"},
+		{"Assigned placeholder", "02:00:00:00:00:01"},
+		{"Invalid", "not-a-mac"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.mac, anonymizer.AnonymizeMAC(tc.mac), "should be preserved")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeString_MACAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		input  string
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "nftables ether rule",
+			input:  "ether saddr aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff drop",
+			expect: "ether saddr 02:00:00:00:00:01 drop",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "Windows dash form",
+			input:  "Physical Address : AA-BB-CC-DD-EE-FF",
+			expect: "Physical Address : 02-00-00-00-00-01",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "IPv6 address tail is not treated as MAC",
+			input:  "addr fe80:0:11:22:33:44:55:66 scope link",
+			expect: "addr fe80:0:11:22:33:44:55:66 scope link",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "broadcast MAC preserved",
+			input:  "dst ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff type ARP",
+			expect: "dst ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff type ARP",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(tc.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, result, "MAC addresses should be anonymized at every level")
+			assert.Equal(t, result, anonymizer.AnonymizeString(result), "second pass should not change the result")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeWGKey(t *testing.T) {
+	key := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x42}, 32))
+
+	t.Run("default level preserves keys", func(t *testing.T) {
+		anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+		assert.Equal(t, key, anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey(key), "default level should not touch WireGuard keys")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("strict level replaces keys", func(t *testing.T) {
+		anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+		anonymizer.SetLevel(anonymize.LevelStrict)
+
+		anon := anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey(key)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, key, anon, "strict level should replace the key")
+		assert.Regexp(t, `^[A-Za-z0-9+/]{43}=$`, anon, "placeholder should keep the WireGuard key shape")
+		assert.Equal(t, anon, anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey(key), "repeated key should map to the same placeholder")
+		assert.Equal(t, anon, anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey(anon), "an assigned placeholder should pass through unchanged")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "not-a-key", anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey("not-a-key"), "non-key values should be preserved")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeString_WGKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	key := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x42}, 32))
+	input := "peer " + key + " handshake completed"
+
+	t.Run("default level preserves keys", func(t *testing.T) {
+		anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+		assert.Equal(t, input, anonymizer.AnonymizeString(input), "default level should not touch WireGuard keys in strings")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("strict level replaces keys", func(t *testing.T) {
+		anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+		anonymizer.SetLevel(anonymize.LevelStrict)
+
+		firstPass := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(input)
+		assert.NotContains(t, firstPass, key, "the key should not survive strict anonymization")
+		assert.Equal(t, anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey(key), extractKey(t, firstPass), "string replacement should be consistent with AnonymizeWGKey")
+		assert.Equal(t, firstPass, anonymizer.AnonymizeString(firstPass), "second pass should not change the result")
+	})
+}
+
+func extractKey(t *testing.T, logLine string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	fields := strings.Fields(logLine)
+	require.Len(t, fields, 4, "log line should keep its structure")
+	return fields[1]
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeDomain_StrictLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+	anonymizer.SetLevel(anonymize.LevelStrict)
+
+	t.Run("netbird peer name", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("my-laptop.netbird.cloud")
+		assert.Regexp(t, `^peer-\d+\.netbird\.cloud$`, result, "peer name should be anonymized, suffix kept")
+		assert.NotContains(t, result, "my-laptop", "the peer name should not survive")
+		assert.Equal(t, result, anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("my-laptop.netbird.cloud"), "repeated domain should map consistently")
+		assert.Equal(t, result, anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain(result), "an anonymized domain should pass through unchanged")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bare netbird domain", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "netbird.cloud", anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("netbird.cloud"), "the bare protected suffix should be preserved")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("netbird infrastructure preserved", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "api.netbird.io", anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("api.netbird.io"),
+			"netbird.io hosts infrastructure, not peer names, and should stay readable")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("leading labels of other domains", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("host1.corp.example.com")
+		assert.Regexp(t, `^host-\d+\.host-\d+\.anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain$`, result, "every label should be anonymized")
+		for _, label := range []string{"host1", "corp", "example"} {
+			assert.NotContains(t, result, label, "no original label should survive")
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, result, anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("host1.corp.example.com"), "repeated domain should map consistently")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("same label maps consistently across domains", func(t *testing.T) {
+		first := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("shared.one.com")
+		second := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("shared.two.com")
+		assert.Equal(t, strings.Split(first, ".")[0], strings.Split(second, ".")[0], "the shared host label should get one placeholder")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("wildcard label preserved", func(t *testing.T) {
+		result := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("*.example.com")
+		assert.Regexp(t, `^\*\.anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain$`, result, "the wildcard label should stay a wildcard")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeDomain_DefaultLevelKeepsPeerNames(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "my-laptop.netbird.cloud", anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("my-laptop.netbird.cloud"),
+		"default level should preserve netbird FQDNs including the peer name")
+	assert.Regexp(t, `^sub\.anon-[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.domain$`, anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("sub.example.com"),
+		"default level should keep subdomain labels")
+}
+
+func TestAnonymizeString_StrictPeerNames(t *testing.T) {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+	anonymizer.SetLevel(anonymize.LevelStrict)
+
+	// Seed like the bundle generator does from the status: base first, then
+	// the full FQDN, so replacement must prefer the longer mapping.
+	anonBase := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("example.com")
+	anonPeer := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("peer1.netbird.cloud")
+	anonHost := anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain("host1.example.com")
+
+	logLine := "connected to peer1.netbird.cloud via host1.example.com endpoint"
+	firstPass := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(logLine)
+	assert.NotContains(t, firstPass, "peer1", "the peer name should not survive in logs")
+	assert.NotContains(t, firstPass, "host1", "the host label should not survive in logs")
+	assert.Contains(t, firstPass, anonPeer, "the seeded peer mapping should be applied")
+	assert.Contains(t, firstPass, anonHost, "the seeded host mapping should be applied, not just the base mapping")
+	assert.NotContains(t, firstPass, "host1."+anonBase, "the base mapping must not preempt the longer FQDN mapping")
+	assert.Equal(t, firstPass, anonymizer.AnonymizeString(firstPass), "second pass should not change the result")
+}
+
 func TestAnonymizeDNSLogLine(t *testing.T) {
 	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{})
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -274,17 +572,27 @@ func TestAnonymizeString_IPAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name:   "IPv6 Address",
 			input:  "Access attempted from 2001:db8::ff00:42",
-			expect: "Access attempted from 100::",
+			expect: "Access attempted from 2001:db8:ffff::",
 		},
 		{
 			name:   "IPv6 Address with Port",
 			input:  "Access attempted from [2001:db8::ff00:42]:8080",
-			expect: "Access attempted from [100::]:8080",
+			expect: "Access attempted from [2001:db8:ffff::]:8080",
 		},
 		{
 			name:   "Both IPv4 and IPv6",
 			input:  "IPv4: 142.108.0.1 and IPv6: 2001:db8::ff00:43",
-			expect: "IPv4: 198.51.100.1 and IPv6: 100::1",
+			expect: "IPv4: 198.51.100.1 and IPv6: 2001:db8:ffff::1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "STUN URI with IPv6",
+			input:  "Connecting to stun:[2001:db8::ff00:42]:3478",
+			expect: "Connecting to stun:[2001:db8:ffff::]:3478",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "HTTPS URI with IPv6",
+			input:  "Visit https://[2001:db8::ff00:42]:443/path",
+			expect: "Visit https://[2001:db8:ffff::]:443/path",
 		},
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/anonymize/reverse_zone.go b/client/anonymize/reverse_zone.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b521b71b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/anonymize/reverse_zone.go
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+package anonymize
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"net/netip"
+	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+const (
+	reverseZoneSuffixV4 = ".in-addr.arpa"
+	reverseZoneSuffixV6 = ".ip6.arpa"
+
+	v6Nibbles = 32
+	v4Octets  = 4
+)
+
+// reverseZoneRegexes match a reverse zone or a full reverse name in free text.
+// They are applied before the address passes of AnonymizeString, whose IPv4
+// pattern would otherwise consume the digit labels of a zone and replace parts
+// of it with unrelated addresses.
+var reverseZoneRegexes = []*regexp.Regexp{
+	regexp.MustCompile(`(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){1,4}in-addr\.arpa\b`),
+	regexp.MustCompile(`(?:[0-9a-fA-F]\.){1,32}ip6\.arpa\b`),
+}
+
+// anonymizeReverseZone maps a reverse zone to the zone of the anonymized form
+// of the prefix it encodes, so it follows the address rules rather than the
+// domain ones: the zone of an address that is preserved is preserved too, and
+// the zone of one that is replaced names the replacement. This keeps a reverse
+// zone recognizable as such, and consistent with the addresses it belongs to
+// elsewhere in the same output. It reports false for anything that is not a
+// reverse zone.
+func (a *Anonymizer) anonymizeReverseZone(domain string) (string, bool) {
+	prefix, labelCount, suffix, ok := parseReverseZone(domain)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	anonymized := a.AnonymizeIP(prefix)
+	if anonymized == prefix {
+		return domain, true
+	}
+
+	return reverseZoneName(anonymized, labelCount) + suffix, true
+}
+
+// replaceReverseZones anonymizes every reverse zone in str and swaps each one
+// for a placeholder, returning a function that puts the anonymized zones back.
+// The placeholders carry no dots, digits or colons, so no later pass matches
+// them.
+func (a *Anonymizer) replaceReverseZones(str string) (string, func(string) string) {
+	var zones []string
+
+	for _, re := range reverseZoneRegexes {
+		str = re.ReplaceAllStringFunc(str, func(match string) string {
+			zone, ok := a.anonymizeReverseZone(match)
+			if !ok {
+				return match
+			}
+
+			zones = append(zones, zone)
+			return reverseZonePlaceholder(len(zones) - 1)
+		})
+	}
+
+	if len(zones) == 0 {
+		return str, func(s string) string { return s }
+	}
+
+	return str, func(s string) string {
+		for i, zone := range zones {
+			s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, reverseZonePlaceholder(i), zone)
+		}
+		return s
+	}
+}
+
+func reverseZonePlaceholder(index int) string {
+	return "\x00reversezone" + strconv.Itoa(index) + "\x00"
+}
+
+// parseReverseZone turns a reverse zone into the address of the prefix its
+// labels spell backwards, padding the absent low-order part with zeroes, and
+// returns the label count and zone suffix so the name can be rebuilt.
+func parseReverseZone(domain string) (netip.Addr, int, string, bool) {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(domain)
+
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasSuffix(lower, reverseZoneSuffixV4):
+		labels := strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(lower, reverseZoneSuffixV4), ".")
+		addr, ok := reverseZoneAddrV4(labels)
+		return addr, len(labels), reverseZoneSuffixV4, ok
+	case strings.HasSuffix(lower, reverseZoneSuffixV6):
+		labels := strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(lower, reverseZoneSuffixV6), ".")
+		addr, ok := reverseZoneAddrV6(labels)
+		return addr, len(labels), reverseZoneSuffixV6, ok
+	default:
+		return netip.Addr{}, 0, "", false
+	}
+}
+
+func reverseZoneAddrV4(labels []string) (netip.Addr, bool) {
+	if len(labels) == 0 || len(labels) > v4Octets {
+		return netip.Addr{}, false
+	}
+
+	var octets [v4Octets]byte
+	for i, label := range labels {
+		octet, err := strconv.ParseUint(label, 10, 8)
+		if err != nil {
+			return netip.Addr{}, false
+		}
+		octets[len(labels)-1-i] = byte(octet)
+	}
+
+	return netip.AddrFrom4(octets), true
+}
+
+func reverseZoneAddrV6(labels []string) (netip.Addr, bool) {
+	if len(labels) == 0 || len(labels) > v6Nibbles {
+		return netip.Addr{}, false
+	}
+
+	nibbles := make([]byte, 0, v6Nibbles)
+	for i := len(labels) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		if len(labels[i]) != 1 || !isHexDigit(labels[i][0]) {
+			return netip.Addr{}, false
+		}
+		nibbles = append(nibbles, labels[i][0])
+	}
+	for len(nibbles) < v6Nibbles {
+		nibbles = append(nibbles, '0')
+	}
+
+	var groups []string
+	for i := 0; i < len(nibbles); i += 4 {
+		groups = append(groups, string(nibbles[i:i+4]))
+	}
+
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(strings.Join(groups, ":"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, false
+	}
+
+	return addr, true
+}
+
+// reverseZoneName spells the first labelCount labels of addr backwards, the
+// inverse of parseReverseZone, without the zone suffix.
+func reverseZoneName(addr netip.Addr, labelCount int) string {
+	labels := make([]string, 0, labelCount)
+
+	if addr.Is4() {
+		octets := addr.As4()
+		for i := labelCount - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			labels = append(labels, strconv.Itoa(int(octets[i])))
+		}
+		return strings.Join(labels, ".")
+	}
+
+	address := addr.As16()
+	nibbles := hex.EncodeToString(address[:])
+	for i := labelCount - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		labels = append(labels, string(nibbles[i]))
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(labels, ".")
+}
+
+func isHexDigit(c byte) bool {
+	return c >= '0' && c <= '9' || c >= 'a' && c <= 'f' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'F'
+}
diff --git a/client/anonymize/reverse_zone_test.go b/client/anonymize/reverse_zone_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c3b8954a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/anonymize/reverse_zone_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package anonymize
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func newLeveledAnonymizer(level Level) *Anonymizer {
+	a := NewAnonymizer(DefaultAddresses())
+	a.SetLevel(level)
+	return a
+}
+
+// TestAnonymizeDomainReverseZone covers reverse zones going through the address
+// rules instead of the domain ones, so a zone stays a zone and an address that
+// is preserved keeps the zone that names it.
+func TestAnonymizeDomainReverseZone(t *testing.T) {
+	// 100.64.0.0/10 is the overlay range, which is CGNAT: preserved at the
+	// default level and replaced from the internal pool at the strict one
+	const overlayZone = "64.100.in-addr.arpa"
+
+	t.Run("overlay zone preserved at the default level", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+		assert.Equal(t, overlayZone, a.AnonymizeDomain(overlayZone), "should keep the zone of a preserved address")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("private zone preserved at the default level", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+		assert.Equal(t, "168.192.in-addr.arpa", a.AnonymizeDomain("168.192.in-addr.arpa"), "should keep the zone of a private address")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("overlay zone replaced at the strict level", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelStrict)
+
+		got := a.AnonymizeDomain(overlayZone)
+		require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(got, reverseZoneSuffixV4), "should stay a reverse zone, got %q", got)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, overlayZone, got, "should replace the encoded prefix")
+		assert.Len(t, strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(got, reverseZoneSuffixV4), "."), 2,
+			"should keep the label count, got %q", got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("public zone replaced at the default level", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+
+		got := a.AnonymizeDomain("113.0.203.in-addr.arpa")
+		require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(got, reverseZoneSuffixV4), "should stay a reverse zone, got %q", got)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, "113.0.203.in-addr.arpa", got, "should replace a public prefix")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("zone of an address keeps that address mapping", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+
+		anonymizedAddr := a.AnonymizeIPString("203.0.113.7")
+		got := a.AnonymizeDomain("7.113.0.203.in-addr.arpa")
+
+		octets := strings.Split(anonymizedAddr, ".")
+		want := octets[3] + "." + octets[2] + "." + octets[1] + "." + octets[0] + reverseZoneSuffixV4
+		assert.Equal(t, want, got, "should name the same replacement as the address itself")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ipv6 nibble labels stay single digits", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+
+		zone := "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.0" + reverseZoneSuffixV6
+		got := a.AnonymizeDomain(zone)
+
+		require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(got, reverseZoneSuffixV6), "should stay a reverse zone, got %q", got)
+		labels := strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(got, reverseZoneSuffixV6), ".")
+		assert.Len(t, labels, 28, "should keep every nibble label, got %q", got)
+		for _, label := range labels {
+			assert.Len(t, label, 1, "nibble label %q should stay a single digit", label)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("trailing dot is kept", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+		assert.Equal(t, "64.100.in-addr.arpa.", a.AnonymizeDomain("64.100.in-addr.arpa."), "should keep the trailing dot")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a domain that only looks like a zone is anonymized as a domain", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+
+		got := a.AnonymizeDomain("not-a-zone.in-addr.arpa")
+		assert.NotContains(t, got, "in-addr.arpa", "should fall back to domain anonymization")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAnonymizeStringReverseZone verifies that a zone inside free text, such as
+// a DNS log line, is not chewed up by the address passes. The IPv4 pattern
+// matches any run of dotted digits, which a reverse zone is made of.
+func TestAnonymizeStringReverseZone(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("ipv6 zone survives the address passes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+
+		zone := "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.0" + reverseZoneSuffixV6
+		got := a.AnonymizeString("question: domain=" + zone + " type=PTR")
+
+		assert.Contains(t, got, "type=PTR", "should keep the rest of the line")
+		assert.NotContains(t, got, "198.51.100", "should not rewrite nibble labels as an address")
+
+		labels := strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(got, "question: domain="), reverseZoneSuffixV6+" type=PTR"), ".")
+		assert.Len(t, labels, 28, "should keep every nibble label, got %q", got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserved ipv4 zone is untouched", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+
+		line := "reverse zone 64.100.in-addr.arpa registered"
+		assert.Equal(t, line, a.AnonymizeString(line), "should keep the zone of a preserved address")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("public ipv4 zone is replaced consistently", func(t *testing.T) {
+		a := newLeveledAnonymizer(LevelDefault)
+
+		got := a.AnonymizeString("zone 113.0.203.in-addr.arpa and address 203.0.113.7")
+		assert.NotContains(t, got, "113.0.203.in-addr.arpa", "should replace the zone")
+		assert.NotContains(t, got, "203.0.113.7", "should replace the address")
+		assert.Contains(t, got, reverseZoneSuffixV4, "should keep the zone suffix")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestParseReverseZone(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		zone   string
+		addr   string
+		labels int
+	}{
+		{name: "v4 two labels", zone: "0.100" + reverseZoneSuffixV4, addr: "100.0.0.0", labels: 2},
+		{name: "v4 three labels", zone: "1.168.192" + reverseZoneSuffixV4, addr: "192.168.1.0", labels: 3},
+		{name: "v4 full address", zone: "7.113.0.203" + reverseZoneSuffixV4, addr: "203.0.113.7", labels: 4},
+		{
+			name:   "v6 prefix",
+			zone:   "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.0.0" + reverseZoneSuffixV6,
+			addr:   "2::",
+			labels: 28,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			addr, labels, suffix, ok := parseReverseZone(tc.zone)
+			require.True(t, ok, "should decode the reverse zone")
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.addr, addr.String(), "should decode to the encoded prefix")
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.labels, labels, "should count the labels")
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.zone, reverseZoneName(addr, labels)+suffix, "should re-encode to the original zone")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseReverseZoneRejectsNonZones(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []string{
+		"example.com",
+		"in-addr.arpa",
+		"x.100" + reverseZoneSuffixV4,
+		"256" + reverseZoneSuffixV4,
+		"1.2.3.4.5" + reverseZoneSuffixV4,
+		"ab" + reverseZoneSuffixV6,
+		"g" + reverseZoneSuffixV6,
+	}
+
+	for _, zone := range tests {
+		t.Run(zone, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, _, _, ok := parseReverseZone(zone)
+			assert.False(t, ok, "should reject %q", zone)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/capture.go b/client/cmd/capture.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95caaa5cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/capture.go
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/capture"
+)
+
+var captureCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "capture",
+	Short: "Capture packets on the WireGuard interface",
+	Long: `Captures decrypted packets flowing through the WireGuard interface.
+
+Default output is human-readable text. Use --pcap or --output for pcap binary.
+Requires --enable-capture to be set at service install or reconfigure time.
+
+Examples:
+  netbird debug capture
+  netbird debug capture host 100.64.0.1 and port 443
+  netbird debug capture tcp
+  netbird debug capture icmp
+  netbird debug capture src host 10.0.0.1 and dst port 80
+  netbird debug capture -o capture.pcap
+  netbird debug capture --pcap | tshark -r -
+  netbird debug capture --pcap | tcpdump -r - -n`,
+	Args: cobra.ArbitraryArgs,
+	RunE: runCapture,
+}
+
+func init() {
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(captureCmd)
+
+	captureCmd.Flags().Bool("pcap", false, "Force pcap binary output (default when --output is set)")
+	captureCmd.Flags().BoolP("verbose", "v", false, "Show seq/ack, TTL, window, total length")
+	captureCmd.Flags().Bool("ascii", false, "Print payload as ASCII after each packet (useful for HTTP)")
+	captureCmd.Flags().Uint32("snap-len", 0, "Max bytes per packet (0 = full)")
+	captureCmd.Flags().DurationP("duration", "d", 0, "Capture duration (0 = until interrupted)")
+	captureCmd.Flags().StringP("output", "o", "", "Write pcap to file instead of stdout")
+}
+
+func runCapture(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+			cmd.PrintErrf(errCloseConnection, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+
+	req, err := buildCaptureRequest(cmd, args)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := signal.NotifyContext(cmd.Context(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.StartCapture(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return handleCaptureError(err)
+	}
+
+	// First Recv is the empty acceptance message from the server. If the
+	// device is unavailable (kernel WG, not connected, capture disabled),
+	// the server returns an error instead.
+	if _, err := stream.Recv(); err != nil {
+		return handleCaptureError(err)
+	}
+
+	out, cleanup, err := captureOutput(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if req.TextOutput {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("Capturing packets... Press Ctrl+C to stop.\n")
+	} else {
+		cmd.PrintErrf("Capturing packets (pcap)... Press Ctrl+C to stop.\n")
+	}
+
+	streamErr := streamCapture(ctx, cmd, stream, out)
+	cleanupErr := cleanup()
+	if streamErr != nil {
+		return streamErr
+	}
+	return cleanupErr
+}
+
+func buildCaptureRequest(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) (*proto.StartCaptureRequest, error) {
+	req := &proto.StartCaptureRequest{}
+
+	if len(args) > 0 {
+		expr := strings.Join(args, " ")
+		if _, err := capture.ParseFilter(expr); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid filter: %w", err)
+		}
+		req.FilterExpr = expr
+	}
+
+	if snap, _ := cmd.Flags().GetUint32("snap-len"); snap > 0 {
+		req.SnapLen = snap
+	}
+	if d, _ := cmd.Flags().GetDuration("duration"); d != 0 {
+		if d < 0 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("duration must not be negative")
+		}
+		req.Duration = durationpb.New(d)
+	}
+	req.Verbose, _ = cmd.Flags().GetBool("verbose")
+	req.Ascii, _ = cmd.Flags().GetBool("ascii")
+
+	outPath, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+	forcePcap, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("pcap")
+	req.TextOutput = !forcePcap && outPath == ""
+
+	return req, nil
+}
+
+func streamCapture(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, stream proto.DaemonService_StartCaptureClient, out io.Writer) error {
+	for {
+		pkt, err := stream.Recv()
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				cmd.PrintErrf("\nCapture stopped.\n")
+				return nil //nolint:nilerr // user interrupted
+			}
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				cmd.PrintErrf("\nCapture finished.\n")
+				return nil
+			}
+			return handleCaptureError(err)
+		}
+		if _, err := out.Write(pkt.GetData()); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("write output: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// captureOutput returns the writer for capture data and a cleanup function
+// that finalizes the file. Errors from the cleanup must be propagated.
+func captureOutput(cmd *cobra.Command) (io.Writer, func() error, error) {
+	outPath, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+	if outPath == "" {
+		return os.Stdout, func() error { return nil }, nil
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Dir(outPath), filepath.Base(outPath)+".*.tmp")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("create output file: %w", err)
+	}
+	tmpPath := f.Name()
+	return f, func() error {
+		var merr *multierror.Error
+		if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("close output file: %w", err))
+		}
+		fi, statErr := os.Stat(tmpPath)
+		if statErr != nil || fi.Size() == 0 {
+			if rmErr := os.Remove(tmpPath); rmErr != nil && !os.IsNotExist(rmErr) {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove empty output file: %w", rmErr))
+			}
+			return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+		}
+		if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, outPath); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("rename output file: %w", err))
+			return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+		}
+		cmd.PrintErrf("Wrote %s\n", outPath)
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func handleCaptureError(err error) error {
+	if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s", s.Message())
+	}
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/daemon_error.go b/client/cmd/daemon_error.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d5b1307e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/daemon_error.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc/errdetails"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+)
+
+// daemonCallError prepares a daemon error for display. A refusal the daemon
+// raised because the operation needs root/administrator is already guidance
+// written for the user, so it is surfaced on its own instead of buried under the
+// gRPC envelope and the name of the RPC that hit it. Anything else is wrapped
+// with context as usual.
+func daemonCallError(context string, err error) error {
+	if guidance, ok := privilegeGuidance(err); ok {
+		return errors.New(guidance)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", context, err)
+}
+
+// privilegeGuidance renders the daemon's privilege refusal as a summary and the
+// command that performs the operation with the privileges it needs. It reports
+// false for any other error.
+func privilegeGuidance(err error) (string, bool) {
+	info, ok := privilegeErrorInfo(err)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	summary := info.GetMetadata()[ipcauth.ErrorMetaSummary]
+	command := info.GetMetadata()[ipcauth.ErrorMetaCommand]
+	if summary == "" {
+		// Detail without a summary: fall back to the status message, which
+		// carries the same text.
+		summary = strings.TrimSpace(gstatus.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+	if command == "" {
+		return summary, true
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s\n\n    %s\n", summary, command), true
+}
+
+// privilegeErrorInfo returns the daemon's privilege-refusal detail, if the error
+// carries one.
+func privilegeErrorInfo(err error) (*errdetails.ErrorInfo, bool) {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	for _, detail := range gstatus.Convert(err).Details() {
+		info, ok := detail.(*errdetails.ErrorInfo)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if info.GetReason() == ipcauth.ErrorReasonPrivilegeRequired && info.GetDomain() == ipcauth.ErrorDomain {
+			return info, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/debug.go b/client/cmd/debug.go
index e3d3afe5f..98fe53626 100644
--- a/client/cmd/debug.go
+++ b/client/cmd/debug.go
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protojson"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/debug"
@@ -18,15 +20,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/upload-server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
 const errCloseConnection = "Failed to close connection: %v"
 
 var (
-	logFileCount        uint32
-	systemInfoFlag      bool
-	uploadBundleFlag    bool
-	uploadBundleURLFlag string
+	logFileCount             uint32
+	systemInfoFlag           bool
+	uploadBundleFlag         bool
+	uploadBundleURLFlag      string
+	uploadBundleInsecureFlag bool
 )
 
 var debugCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -83,7 +87,79 @@ var persistenceCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	RunE:    setSyncResponsePersistence,
 }
 
+var debugConfigCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:     "config",
+	Example: "  netbird debug config",
+	Short:   "Dump the effective configuration",
+	Long:    "Prints the daemon's resolved configuration (after applying defaults, file, env, CLI input, and MDM policy overrides) as JSON. Includes the list of MDM-managed fields.",
+	RunE:    debugConfigDump,
+}
+
+// debugConfigDump implements `netbird debug config`. It resolves the
+// active profile, queries the daemon for the effective configuration
+// via GetConfig, and prints the resulting GetConfigResponse as JSON
+// (via protojson with EmitUnpopulated=true so the output is stable
+// across runs and includes zero-valued fields).
+//
+// Useful for verifying MDM enforcement end-to-end: the response's
+// mDMManagedFields array is the single source of truth for "which
+// fields is the daemon currently enforcing from the MDM source", and
+// every config field side-by-side with that list confirms the merge
+// result. Secrets in the response (e.g. PreSharedKey) are already
+// redacted by the daemon-side handler.
+func debugConfigDump(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
+	activeProf, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
+	}
+	currUser, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf(errCloseConnection, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	resp, err := client.GetConfig(cmd.Context(), &proto.GetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName: string(activeProf.ID),
+		Username:    currUser.Username,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get config: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+
+	// Use protojson so well-known fields render correctly; emit defaults so
+	// the operator sees every field even when zero/empty.
+	m := protojson.MarshalOptions{Multiline: true, Indent: "  ", EmitUnpopulated: true}
+	out, err := m.Marshal(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal config: %w", err)
+	}
+	cmd.Println(string(out))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// debugBundle requests the daemon to create a debug bundle and prints
+// the resulting local file path and, if uploaded, the uploaded file
+// key. It uses the package flags (anonymize, system info, log file
+// count, CLI version, optional upload URL) to configure the bundle
+// request. Returns an error if the RPC fails or if the daemon reports
+// an upload failure reason.
 func debugBundle(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	anonymizeEnabled, anonymizeLevel, err := effectiveAnonymize()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -96,16 +172,19 @@ func debugBundle(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 
 	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
 	request := &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
-		Anonymize:    anonymizeFlag,
-		SystemInfo:   systemInfoFlag,
-		LogFileCount: logFileCount,
+		Anonymize:      anonymizeEnabled,
+		AnonymizeLevel: anonymizeLevel.String(),
+		SystemInfo:     systemInfoFlag,
+		LogFileCount:   logFileCount,
+		CliVersion:     version.NetbirdVersion(),
 	}
 	if uploadBundleFlag {
 		request.UploadURL = uploadBundleURLFlag
+		request.UploadInsecure = uploadBundleInsecureFlag
 	}
 	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), request)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bundle debug: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+		return daemonCallError("bundle debug", err)
 	}
 	cmd.Printf("Local file:\n%s\n", resp.GetPath())
 
@@ -155,6 +234,11 @@ func runForDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid duration format: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	anonymizeEnabled, anonymizeLevel, err := effectiveAnonymize()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -239,11 +323,50 @@ func runForDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}()
 	}
 
+	captureStarted := false
+	if wantCapture, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("capture"); wantCapture {
+		captureTimeout := duration + 30*time.Second
+		const maxBundleCapture = 10 * time.Minute
+		if captureTimeout > maxBundleCapture {
+			captureTimeout = maxBundleCapture
+		}
+		_, err := client.StartBundleCapture(cmd.Context(), &proto.StartBundleCaptureRequest{
+			Timeout: durationpb.New(captureTimeout),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			cmd.PrintErrf("Failed to start packet capture: %v\n", status.Convert(err).Message())
+		} else {
+			captureStarted = true
+			cmd.Println("Packet capture started.")
+			// Safety: always stop on exit, even if the normal stop below runs too.
+			defer func() {
+				if captureStarted {
+					stopCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+					defer cancel()
+					if _, err := client.StopBundleCapture(stopCtx, &proto.StopBundleCaptureRequest{}); err != nil {
+						cmd.PrintErrf("Failed to stop packet capture: %v\n", err)
+					}
+				}
+			}()
+		}
+	}
+
 	if waitErr := waitForDurationOrCancel(cmd.Context(), duration, cmd); waitErr != nil {
 		return waitErr
 	}
 	cmd.Println("\nDuration completed")
 
+	if captureStarted {
+		stopCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		if _, err := client.StopBundleCapture(stopCtx, &proto.StopBundleCaptureRequest{}); err != nil {
+			cmd.PrintErrf("Failed to stop packet capture: %v\n", err)
+		} else {
+			captureStarted = false
+			cmd.Println("Packet capture stopped.")
+		}
+	}
+
 	if cpuProfilingStarted {
 		if _, err := client.StopCPUProfile(cmd.Context(), &proto.StopCPUProfileRequest{}); err != nil {
 			cmd.PrintErrf("Failed to stop CPU profiling: %v\n", err)
@@ -255,16 +378,19 @@ func runForDuration(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	cmd.Println("Creating debug bundle...")
 
 	request := &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
-		Anonymize:    anonymizeFlag,
-		SystemInfo:   systemInfoFlag,
-		LogFileCount: logFileCount,
+		Anonymize:      anonymizeEnabled,
+		AnonymizeLevel: anonymizeLevel.String(),
+		SystemInfo:     systemInfoFlag,
+		LogFileCount:   logFileCount,
+		CliVersion:     version.NetbirdVersion(),
 	}
 	if uploadBundleFlag {
 		request.UploadURL = uploadBundleURLFlag
+		request.UploadInsecure = uploadBundleInsecureFlag
 	}
 	resp, err := client.DebugBundle(cmd.Context(), request)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bundle debug: %v", status.Convert(err).Message())
+		return daemonCallError("bundle debug", err)
 	}
 
 	if needsRestoreUp {
@@ -392,6 +518,7 @@ func generateDebugBundle(config *profilemanager.Config, recorder *peer.Status, c
 			SyncResponse:   syncResponse,
 			LogPath:        logFilePath,
 			CPUProfile:     nil,
+			DaemonVersion:  version.NetbirdVersion(), // acting as daemon
 		},
 		debug.BundleConfig{
 			IncludeSystemInfo: true,
@@ -411,9 +538,12 @@ func init() {
 	debugBundleCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&systemInfoFlag, "system-info", "S", true, "Adds system information to the debug bundle")
 	debugBundleCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&uploadBundleFlag, "upload-bundle", "U", false, "Uploads the debug bundle to a server")
 	debugBundleCmd.Flags().StringVar(&uploadBundleURLFlag, "upload-bundle-url", types.DefaultBundleURL, "Service URL to get an URL to upload the debug bundle")
+	debugBundleCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&uploadBundleInsecureFlag, "upload-bundle-insecure", false, "Allow uploading to an http or untrusted-TLS upload server (self-hosted); requires root")
 
 	forCmd.Flags().Uint32VarP(&logFileCount, "log-file-count", "C", 1, "Number of rotated log files to include in debug bundle")
 	forCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&systemInfoFlag, "system-info", "S", true, "Adds system information to the debug bundle")
 	forCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&uploadBundleFlag, "upload-bundle", "U", false, "Uploads the debug bundle to a server")
 	forCmd.Flags().StringVar(&uploadBundleURLFlag, "upload-bundle-url", types.DefaultBundleURL, "Service URL to get an URL to upload the debug bundle")
+	forCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&uploadBundleInsecureFlag, "upload-bundle-insecure", false, "Allow uploading to an http or untrusted-TLS upload server (self-hosted); requires root")
+	forCmd.Flags().Bool("capture", false, "Capture packets during the debug duration and include in bundle")
 }
diff --git a/client/cmd/jobs.go b/client/cmd/jobs.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36aab3570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/jobs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package cmd
+
+// remoteJobsAllowedFlag opts this peer into running remote jobs (e.g. debug
+// bundles) requested by the management server. It defaults to false: remote
+// jobs are an explicit opt-in, and enabling it is a privileged change (see the
+// daemon gate in client/server), mirroring the SSH server opt-in.
+const remoteJobsAllowedFlag = "allow-remote-jobs"
+
+var remoteJobsAllowed bool
+
+func init() {
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&remoteJobsAllowed, remoteJobsAllowedFlag, false, "Allow the management server to run remote jobs (e.g. debug bundles) on this peer")
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/kubernetes.go b/client/cmd/kubernetes.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc91477c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/kubernetes.go
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/goccy/go-yaml"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+const (
+	KubernetesDNSSuffix = "netbird-kubeapi-proxy"
+)
+
+var kubernetesCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "kubernetes",
+	Short: "Kubernetes cluster commands.",
+	Long:  "Kubernetes cluster commands.",
+}
+
+var kubernetesListCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "list",
+	RunE:  kubernetesList,
+	Short: "List Kubernetes clusters.",
+	Long:  "List Kubernetes clusters by discovering NetBird peers running netbird-kubeapi-proxy.",
+}
+
+var kubernetesWriteKubeconfigCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "write-kubeconfig",
+	RunE:  kubernetesWriteKubeconfig,
+	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	Short: "Write kubeconfig for a Kubernetes cluster.",
+	Long:  "Updates kubeconfig in place to allow token-less access to the Kubernetes cluster through NetBird.",
+}
+
+func init() {
+	kubernetesWriteKubeconfigCmd.Flags().String("kubeconfig", "", "path to kubeconfig file")
+}
+
+func kubernetesList(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	statusResp, err := client.Status(cmd.Context(), &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	kcs, err := getKubernetesClusters(cmd.Context(), statusResp.FullStatus.Peers, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(kcs) == 0 {
+		cmd.Println("No Kubernetes clusters available.")
+		return nil
+	}
+	cmd.Println("Available Kubernetes clusters:")
+	for _, k := range kcs {
+		cmd.Printf("\n  - Name: %s\n    FQDN: %s\n    Version: %s\n", k.name, k.url.Host, k.version)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func kubernetesWriteKubeconfig(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	kubeconfigPath, err := resolveKubeconfigPath(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	conn, err := getClient(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	statusResp, err := client.Status(cmd.Context(), &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	clusterName := args[0]
+	kcs, err := getKubernetesClusters(cmd.Context(), statusResp.FullStatus.Peers, clusterName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(kcs) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("kubernetes cluster named %s not found", clusterName)
+	}
+	if len(kcs) > 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("too many Kubernetes clusters returned")
+	}
+	err = writeKubeconfig(kubeconfigPath, kcs[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type kubernetesCluster struct {
+	name    string
+	url     *url.URL
+	version string
+}
+
+func getKubernetesClusters(ctx context.Context, peers []*proto.PeerState, nameFilter string) ([]kubernetesCluster, error) {
+	transport := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
+	transport.TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+	}
+	httpClient := &http.Client{
+		Transport: transport,
+	}
+	resolver := net.Resolver{
+		// Required so both DNS records are returned.
+		// https://github.com/golang/go/issues/17093
+		PreferGo: true,
+	}
+
+	kcs := []kubernetesCluster{}
+	attempted := map[string]struct{}{}
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		fqdns, err := resolver.LookupAddr(ctx, peer.IP)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for _, fqdn := range fqdns {
+			if _, ok := attempted[fqdn]; ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			attempted[fqdn] = struct{}{}
+			comps := strings.Split(fqdn, ".")
+			if len(comps) < 2 {
+				continue
+			}
+			if comps[1] != KubernetesDNSSuffix {
+				continue
+			}
+			if nameFilter != "" && nameFilter != comps[0] {
+				continue
+			}
+			clusterURL, clusterVersion, err := fingerprintClusters(ctx, httpClient, fqdn)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("could not fingerprint Kubernetes cluster %s %q", fqdn, err)
+				continue
+			}
+			kc := kubernetesCluster{
+				name:    comps[0],
+				url:     clusterURL,
+				version: clusterVersion,
+			}
+			if nameFilter != "" {
+				return []kubernetesCluster{kc}, nil
+			}
+			kcs = append(kcs, kc)
+		}
+	}
+	return kcs, nil
+}
+
+func fingerprintClusters(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, fqdn string) (*url.URL, string, error) {
+	clusterURL, err := url.Parse("https://" + fqdn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	versionURL, err := clusterURL.Parse("/version")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, versionURL.String(), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("expected %d response but got %s", http.StatusOK, resp.Status)
+	}
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	versionData := map[string]string{}
+	err = json.Unmarshal(b, &versionData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	version, ok := versionData["gitVersion"]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, "", errors.New("no version found in response")
+	}
+	return clusterURL, version, nil
+}
+
+func resolveKubeconfigPath(cmd *cobra.Command) (string, error) {
+	if cmd.Flags().Changed("kubeconfig") {
+		path, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("kubeconfig")
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return path, nil
+	}
+	if env := os.Getenv("KUBECONFIG"); env != "" {
+		return env, nil
+	}
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("could not determine home directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".kube", "config"), nil
+}
+
+func writeKubeconfig(kubeconfigPath string, kc kubernetesCluster) error {
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(kubeconfigPath)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return err
+	}
+	var cfg map[string]any
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(b, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = map[string]any{
+			"apiVersion": "v1",
+			"kind":       "Config",
+		}
+	}
+
+	cfg["clusters"] = appendWithName(cfg["clusters"], map[string]any{
+		"name": kc.name,
+		"cluster": map[string]any{
+			"server":                   kc.url.String(),
+			"insecure-skip-tls-verify": true,
+		},
+	})
+	cfg["users"] = appendWithName(cfg["users"], map[string]any{
+		"name": "netbird",
+		"user": map[string]any{
+			"token": "none",
+		},
+	})
+	cfg["contexts"] = appendWithName(cfg["contexts"], map[string]any{
+		"name": kc.name,
+		"context": map[string]any{
+			"cluster":   kc.name,
+			"user":      "netbird",
+			"namespace": "default",
+		},
+	})
+	cfg["current-context"] = kc.name
+
+	out, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(kubeconfigPath, out, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func appendWithName(data any, add map[string]any) any {
+	if data == nil {
+		return []any{add}
+	}
+	v, ok := data.([]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return []any{add}
+	}
+	i := slices.IndexFunc(v, func(item any) bool {
+		m, ok := item.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return false
+		}
+		return m["name"] == add["name"]
+	})
+	if i == -1 {
+		return append(v, add)
+	}
+	v[i] = add
+	return v
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/kubernetes_test.go b/client/cmd/kubernetes_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c40d20996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/kubernetes_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestFingerprintClusters(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	srv := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		//nolint: errcheck
+		w.Write([]byte(`{"gitVersion": "foobar"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	clusterURL, clusterVersion, err := fingerprintClusters(t.Context(), srv.Client(), srv.Listener.Addr().String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, srv.URL, clusterURL.String())
+	require.Equal(t, "foobar", clusterVersion)
+}
+
+func TestResolveKubeconfigPath(t *testing.T) {
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("could not determine home directory: %v", err)
+	}
+	defaultPath := filepath.Join(home, ".kube", "config")
+	path, err := resolveKubeconfigPath(&cobra.Command{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, defaultPath, path)
+
+	flagPath := "flag-path"
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.Flags().String("kubeconfig", "", "")
+	err = cmd.Flags().Set("kubeconfig", flagPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	path, err = resolveKubeconfigPath(cmd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, flagPath, path)
+
+	envPath := "env-path"
+	t.Setenv("KUBECONFIG", envPath)
+	path, err = resolveKubeconfigPath(&cobra.Command{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, envPath, path)
+}
+
+func TestWriteKubeconfig(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		existing string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty file",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "existing content",
+			existing: `apiVersion: v1
+clusters:
+- cluster:
+    insecure-skip-tls-verify: true
+    server: https://foobar.com
+  name: foo
+current-context: test
+kind: Config
+users: []
+`,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			kubeconfigPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config")
+			err := os.WriteFile(kubeconfigPath, []byte(tt.existing), 0o644)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			kc := kubernetesCluster{
+				name: "foo",
+				url:  &url.URL{Scheme: "https", Host: "example.com"},
+			}
+			err = writeKubeconfig(kubeconfigPath, kc)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			b, err := os.ReadFile(kubeconfigPath)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			expected := `apiVersion: v1
+clusters:
+- cluster:
+    insecure-skip-tls-verify: true
+    server: https://example.com
+  name: foo
+contexts:
+- context:
+    cluster: foo
+    namespace: default
+    user: netbird
+  name: foo
+current-context: foo
+kind: Config
+users:
+- name: netbird
+  user:
+    token: none
+`
+			require.Equal(t, expected, string(b))
+		})
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/login.go b/client/cmd/login.go
index 4521a67c9..11867be09 100644
--- a/client/cmd/login.go
+++ b/client/cmd/login.go
@@ -4,27 +4,38 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"os/user"
-	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
+// extendSessionFlag drives the `netbird login --extend` flow: refresh the
+// SSO session expiry on the management server without tearing down the
+// tunnel. Mutually exclusive with setup-key login (a setup-key cannot
+// refresh an SSO-tracked peer — see auth.errSetupKeyOnSSOExpiredPeer).
+var extendSessionFlag bool
+
 func init() {
 	loginCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&noBrowser, noBrowserFlag, false, noBrowserDesc)
+	loginCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&showQR, showQRFlag, false, showQRDesc)
 	loginCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&profileName, profileNameFlag, "", profileNameDesc)
 	loginCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&configPath, "config", "c", "", "(DEPRECATED) Netbird config file location")
+	loginCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&extendSessionFlag, "extend", false,
+		"refresh the SSO session expiry without tearing down the tunnel (requires an active connection)")
 }
 
 var loginCmd = &cobra.Command{
@@ -42,7 +53,7 @@ var loginCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			// nolint
 			ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, system.DeviceNameCtxKey, hostName)
 		}
-		username, err := user.Current()
+		username, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -59,6 +70,16 @@ var loginCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return err
 		}
 
+		if extendSessionFlag {
+			if providedSetupKey != "" {
+				return fmt.Errorf("--extend cannot be combined with a setup key; setup keys can only enrol new peers")
+			}
+			if err := doExtendSession(ctx, cmd, activeProf); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("extend session failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+
 		// workaround to run without service
 		if util.FindFirstLogPath(logFiles) == "" {
 			if err := doForegroundLogin(ctx, cmd, providedSetupKey, activeProf); err != nil {
@@ -71,7 +92,7 @@ var loginCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return fmt.Errorf("daemon login failed: %v", err)
 		}
 
-		cmd.Println("Logging successfully")
+		cmd.Println("Login successful")
 
 		return nil
 	},
@@ -94,17 +115,19 @@ func doDaemonLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, providedSetupKey str
 		dnsLabelsReq = dnsLabelsValidated.ToSafeStringList()
 	}
 
+	handle := activeProf.ID.String()
+
 	loginRequest := proto.LoginRequest{
 		SetupKey:            providedSetupKey,
 		ManagementUrl:       managementURL,
-		IsUnixDesktopClient: isUnixRunningDesktop(),
+		IsUnixDesktopClient: util.HasGraphicalSession(),
 		Hostname:            hostName,
 		DnsLabels:           dnsLabelsReq,
-		ProfileName:         &activeProf.Name,
+		ProfileName:         &handle,
 		Username:            &username,
 	}
 
-	profileState, err := pm.GetProfileState(activeProf.Name)
+	profileState, err := pm.GetProfileState(activeProf.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to get profile state for login hint: %v", err)
 	} else if profileState.Email != "" {
@@ -148,13 +171,73 @@ func doDaemonLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, providedSetupKey str
 	return nil
 }
 
+// doExtendSession drives the daemon's RequestExtendAuthSession /
+// WaitExtendAuthSession pair. The user is sent through a regular SSO flow
+// (browser + verification URL) and the resulting JWT is forwarded to the
+// management server's ExtendAuthSession RPC. The tunnel stays up
+// throughout — no Down/Up, no network-map resync.
+func doExtendSession(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, activeProf *profilemanager.Profile) error {
+	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(ctx, daemonAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		//nolint
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to daemon error: %v\n"+
+			"If the daemon is not running please run: "+
+			"\nnetbird service install \nnetbird service start\n", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+
+	// the CLI runs in the user's session, the daemon does not: tell it what we can see
+	req := &proto.RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest{HasGraphicalSession: util.HasGraphicalSession()}
+	// Pre-fill the IdP login hint from the resolved profile so the user
+	// doesn't have to retype their email. Best-effort: we still proceed
+	// without a hint if the lookup fails.
+	pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
+	if profState, perr := pm.GetProfileState(activeProf.ID); perr == nil && profState.Email != "" {
+		req.Hint = &profState.Email
+	}
+
+	startResp, err := client.RequestExtendAuthSession(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("start extend session: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	uri := startResp.GetVerificationURIComplete()
+	if uri == "" {
+		uri = startResp.GetVerificationURI()
+	}
+	openURL(cmd, uri, startResp.GetUserCode(), noBrowser, showQR)
+
+	waitResp, err := client.WaitExtendAuthSession(ctx, &proto.WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest{
+		DeviceCode: startResp.GetDeviceCode(),
+		UserCode:   startResp.GetUserCode(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wait for extend session: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if ts := waitResp.GetSessionExpiresAt(); ts.IsValid() && !ts.AsTime().IsZero() {
+		deadline := ts.AsTime().Local()
+		cmd.Printf("Session extended. New expiry: %s\n", deadline.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05 MST"))
+	} else {
+		// Management reported the peer is not eligible (e.g. login
+		// expiration disabled on the account). Surface that fact
+		// instead of pretending the call succeeded.
+		cmd.Println("Session extension call completed, but the management server did not return a new deadline (peer may not be SSO-tracked or login expiration is disabled).")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func getActiveProfile(ctx context.Context, pm *profilemanager.ProfileManager, profileName string, username string) (*profilemanager.Profile, error) {
 	// switch profile if provided
 
 	if profileName != "" {
-		if err := switchProfileOnDaemon(ctx, pm, profileName, username); err != nil {
+		prof, err := switchProfileOnDaemon(ctx, pm, profileName, username)
+		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("switch profile: %v", err)
 		}
+		return prof, nil
 	}
 
 	activeProf, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
@@ -168,21 +251,19 @@ func getActiveProfile(ctx context.Context, pm *profilemanager.ProfileManager, pr
 	return activeProf, nil
 }
 
-func switchProfileOnDaemon(ctx context.Context, pm *profilemanager.ProfileManager, profileName string, username string) error {
-	err := switchProfile(context.Background(), profileName, username)
+func switchProfileOnDaemon(ctx context.Context, pm *profilemanager.ProfileManager, handle string, username string) (*profilemanager.Profile, error) {
+	resolvedID, err := switchProfile(ctx, handle, username)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("switch profile on daemon: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("switch profile on daemon: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	err = pm.SwitchProfile(profileName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("switch profile: %v", err)
+	if err := pm.SwitchProfile(resolvedID); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("switch profile: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(ctx, daemonAddr)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to connect to service CLI interface %v", err)
-		return err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to service CLI interface: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -190,24 +271,28 @@ func switchProfileOnDaemon(ctx context.Context, pm *profilemanager.ProfileManage
 
 	status, err := client.Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get daemon status: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to get daemon status: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
 		if _, err := client.Down(ctx, &proto.DownRequest{}); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("call service down method: %v", err)
-			return err
+			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return &profilemanager.Profile{ID: resolvedID}, nil
 }
 
-func switchProfile(ctx context.Context, profileName string, username string) error {
+// switchProfile asks the daemon to switch to the profile identified by
+// handle (a name, ID, or unique ID prefix). Returns the resolved profile
+// ID so the caller can update the local active-profile state without
+// re-resolving the handle.
+func switchProfile(ctx context.Context, handle string, username string) (profilemanager.ID, error) {
 	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(ctx, daemonAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		//nolint
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to daemon error: %v\n"+
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to daemon error: %v\n"+
 			"If the daemon is not running please run: "+
 			"\nnetbird service install \nnetbird service start\n", err)
 	}
@@ -215,15 +300,15 @@ func switchProfile(ctx context.Context, profileName string, username string) err
 
 	client := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
 
-	_, err = client.SwitchProfile(ctx, &proto.SwitchProfileRequest{
-		ProfileName: &profileName,
+	resp, err := client.SwitchProfile(ctx, &proto.SwitchProfileRequest{
+		ProfileName: &handle,
 		Username:    &username,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("switch profile failed: %v", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("switch profile failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return profilemanager.ID(resp.Id), nil
 }
 
 func doForegroundLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, setupKey string, activeProf *profilemanager.Profile) error {
@@ -246,17 +331,30 @@ func doForegroundLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, setupKey string,
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("read config file %s: %v", configFilePath, err)
 	}
+	// CLI standalone login: profilemanager no longer auto-applies MDM,
+	// so layer in the OS-native policy here. Desktop builds construct
+	// a Loader with no fetcher — the build-tagged loadPlatform reads
+	// the registry/plist directly.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewLoader(nil).Load())
 
-	err = foregroundLogin(ctx, cmd, config, setupKey, activeProf.Name)
+	// Mirror runInForegroundMode: recover residual state (DNS, firewall,
+	// ssh config, legacy routing) from a previous unclean shutdown and
+	// enable advanced routing before dialing management.
+	if err := server.RestoreResidualState(ctx, profilemanager.NewServiceManager(configFilePath).GetStatePath()); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to restore residual state: %v", err)
+	}
+	nbnet.Init()
+
+	err = foregroundLogin(ctx, cmd, config, setupKey, activeProf.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("foreground login failed: %v", err)
 	}
-	cmd.Println("Logging successfully")
+	cmd.Println("Login successful")
 	return nil
 }
 
 func handleSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, loginResp *proto.LoginResponse, client proto.DaemonServiceClient, pm *profilemanager.ProfileManager) error {
-	openURL(cmd, loginResp.VerificationURIComplete, loginResp.UserCode, noBrowser)
+	openURL(cmd, loginResp.VerificationURIComplete, loginResp.UserCode, noBrowser, showQR)
 
 	resp, err := client.WaitSSOLogin(ctx, &proto.WaitSSOLoginRequest{UserCode: loginResp.UserCode, Hostname: hostName})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -275,7 +373,7 @@ func handleSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, loginResp *proto.Lo
 	return nil
 }
 
-func foregroundLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *profilemanager.Config, setupKey, profileName string) error {
+func foregroundLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *profilemanager.Config, setupKey string, profileID profilemanager.ID) error {
 	authClient, err := auth.NewAuth(ctx, config.PrivateKey, config.ManagementURL, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create auth client: %v", err)
@@ -289,7 +387,7 @@ func foregroundLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *profileman
 
 	jwtToken := ""
 	if setupKey == "" && needsLogin {
-		tokenInfo, err := foregroundGetTokenInfo(ctx, cmd, config, profileName)
+		tokenInfo, err := foregroundGetTokenInfo(ctx, cmd, config, profileID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("interactive sso login failed: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -304,17 +402,17 @@ func foregroundLogin(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *profileman
 	return nil
 }
 
-func foregroundGetTokenInfo(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *profilemanager.Config, profileName string) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
+func foregroundGetTokenInfo(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *profilemanager.Config, profileID profilemanager.ID) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
 	hint := ""
 	pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
-	profileState, err := pm.GetProfileState(profileName)
+	profileState, err := pm.GetProfileState(profileID)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to get profile state for login hint: %v", err)
 	} else if profileState.Email != "" {
 		hint = profileState.Email
 	}
 
-	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, config, isUnixRunningDesktop(), false, hint)
+	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, config, util.HasGraphicalSession(), false, hint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -324,7 +422,7 @@ func foregroundGetTokenInfo(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *pro
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting a request OAuth flow info failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	openURL(cmd, flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete, flowInfo.UserCode, noBrowser)
+	openURL(cmd, flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete, flowInfo.UserCode, noBrowser, showQR)
 
 	tokenInfo, err := oAuthFlow.WaitToken(context.TODO(), flowInfo)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -334,7 +432,7 @@ func foregroundGetTokenInfo(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, config *pro
 	return &tokenInfo, nil
 }
 
-func openURL(cmd *cobra.Command, verificationURIComplete, userCode string, noBrowser bool) {
+func openURL(cmd *cobra.Command, verificationURIComplete, userCode string, noBrowser, showQR bool) {
 	var codeMsg string
 	if userCode != "" && !strings.Contains(verificationURIComplete, userCode) {
 		codeMsg = fmt.Sprintf("and enter the code %s to authenticate.", userCode)
@@ -348,6 +446,12 @@ func openURL(cmd *cobra.Command, verificationURIComplete, userCode string, noBro
 			verificationURIComplete + " " + codeMsg)
 	}
 
+	if showQR {
+		if f, ok := cmd.OutOrStdout().(*os.File); ok && term.IsTerminal(int(f.Fd())) {
+			printQRCode(f, verificationURIComplete)
+		}
+	}
+
 	cmd.Println("")
 
 	if !noBrowser {
@@ -358,14 +462,6 @@ func openURL(cmd *cobra.Command, verificationURIComplete, userCode string, noBro
 	}
 }
 
-// isUnixRunningDesktop checks if a Linux OS is running desktop environment
-func isUnixRunningDesktop() bool {
-	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {
-		return false
-	}
-	return os.Getenv("DESKTOP_SESSION") != "" || os.Getenv("XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP") != ""
-}
-
 func setEnvAndFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 	SetFlagsFromEnvVars(rootCmd)
 
diff --git a/client/cmd/login_test.go b/client/cmd/login_test.go
index 47522e189..0aa1856b1 100644
--- a/client/cmd/login_test.go
+++ b/client/cmd/login_test.go
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ func TestLogin(t *testing.T) {
 	profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = tempDir + "/active_profile.json"
 	sm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
 	err = sm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     "default",
+		ID:       "default",
 		Username: currUser.Username,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/client/cmd/logout.go b/client/cmd/logout.go
index 1a5281acb..cf2a4e446 100644
--- a/client/cmd/logout.go
+++ b/client/cmd/logout.go
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"os/user"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ var logoutCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		if profileName != "" {
 			req.ProfileName = &profileName
 
-			currUser, err := user.Current()
+			currUser, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ var logoutCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		}
 
 		if _, err := daemonClient.Logout(ctx, req); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("deregister: %v", err)
+			return daemonCallError("deregister", err)
 		}
 
 		cmd.Println("Deregistered successfully")
diff --git a/client/cmd/profile.go b/client/cmd/profile.go
index d6e81760f..2d6653537 100644
--- a/client/cmd/profile.go
+++ b/client/cmd/profile.go
@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os/user"
+	"strings"
+	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
@@ -14,6 +18,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
+var profileListShowID bool
+
 var profileCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "profile",
 	Short: "Manage NetBird client profiles",
@@ -31,27 +37,40 @@ var profileListCmd = &cobra.Command{
 var profileAddCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "add <profile_name>",
 	Short: "Add a new profile",
-	Long:  `Add a new profile to the NetBird client. The profile name must be unique.`,
+	Long:  `Add a new profile. Profile name is free-form, a unique ID is generated for the on-disk config file.`,
 	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 	RunE:  addProfileFunc,
 }
 
+var profileRenameCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "rename <profile> <new_profile_name>",
+	Short: "Renames an existing profile",
+	Long:  `Renames an existing profile (by a name, ID, or unique ID prefix). Profile name is free-form.`,
+	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(2),
+	RunE:  renameProfileFunc,
+}
+
 var profileRemoveCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "remove <profile_name>",
-	Short: "Remove a profile",
-	Long:  `Remove a profile from the NetBird client. The profile must not be inactive.`,
-	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
-	RunE:  removeProfileFunc,
+	Use:     "remove <profile>",
+	Short:   "Remove a profile",
+	Long:    `Remove a profile by name, ID, or unique ID prefix.`,
+	Aliases: []string{"rm"},
+	Args:    cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	RunE:    removeProfileFunc,
 }
 
 var profileSelectCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "select <profile_name>",
+	Use:   "select <profile>",
 	Short: "Select a profile",
-	Long:  `Make the specified profile active. This will switch the client to use the selected profile's configuration.`,
+	Long:  `Make the specified profile active. Accepts a name, ID, or unique ID prefix.`,
 	Args:  cobra.ExactArgs(1),
 	RunE:  selectProfileFunc,
 }
 
+func init() {
+	profileListCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&profileListShowID, "show-id", false, "show the profile ID column")
+}
+
 func setupCmd(cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 	SetFlagsFromEnvVars(rootCmd)
 	SetFlagsFromEnvVars(cmd)
@@ -65,6 +84,7 @@ func setupCmd(cmd *cobra.Command) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
 func listProfilesFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 	if err := setupCmd(cmd); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -76,32 +96,40 @@ func listProfilesFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 	}
 	defer conn.Close()
 
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
+	currUser, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	daemonClient := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
 
-	profiles, err := daemonClient.ListProfiles(cmd.Context(), &proto.ListProfilesRequest{
+	resp, err := daemonClient.ListProfiles(cmd.Context(), &proto.ListProfilesRequest{
 		Username: currUser.Username,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// list profiles, add a tick if the profile is active
-	cmd.Println("Found", len(profiles.Profiles), "profiles:")
-	for _, profile := range profiles.Profiles {
-		// use a cross to indicate the passive profiles
-		activeMarker := "✗"
-		if profile.IsActive {
-			activeMarker = "✓"
-		}
-		cmd.Println(activeMarker, profile.Name)
+	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(cmd.OutOrStdout(), 0, 0, 2, ' ', 0)
+	if profileListShowID {
+		fmt.Fprintln(tw, "ID\tNAME\tACTIVE")
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintln(tw, "NAME\tACTIVE")
 	}
-
-	return nil
+	for _, profile := range resp.Profiles {
+		marker := ""
+		if profile.IsActive {
+			marker = "✓"
+		}
+		name := profilemanager.StripCtrlChars(profile.Name)
+		id := profilemanager.ID(profile.Id)
+		if profileListShowID {
+			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%s\n", id.ShortID(), name, marker)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\n", name, marker)
+		}
+	}
+	return tw.Flush()
 }
 
 func addProfileFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -109,33 +137,90 @@ func addProfileFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	currUser, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(cmd.Context(), daemonAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connect to service CLI interface: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	daemonClient := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	profileName := args[0]
+
+	id, err := addProfileOnDaemon(cmd.Context(), daemonClient, profileName, currUser.Username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dupCount, _ := countProfilesWithName(cmd.Context(), daemonClient, currUser.Username, profileName)
+	if dupCount > 1 {
+		cmd.Printf("Warning: %d other profile(s) already use the name %q.\n", dupCount-1, profileName)
+		cmd.Println("Use `netbird profile list --show-id` to disambiguate later.")
+	}
+
+	cmd.Printf("Profile added: %s  %s\n", id.ShortID(), profilemanager.StripCtrlChars(profileName))
+	return nil
+
+}
+
+func renameProfileFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	if err := setupCmd(cmd); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(cmd.Context(), daemonAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("connect to service CLI interface: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer conn.Close()
 
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
+	currUser, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	daemonClient := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	handle := args[0]
+	newProfilename := args[1]
 
-	profileName := args[0]
-
-	_, err = daemonClient.AddProfile(cmd.Context(), &proto.AddProfileRequest{
-		ProfileName: profileName,
-		Username:    currUser.Username,
+	resp, err := daemonClient.RenameProfile(cmd.Context(), &proto.RenameProfileRequest{
+		Handle:         handle,
+		Username:       currUser.Username,
+		NewProfileName: newProfilename,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return wrapAmbiguityError(err, handle)
 	}
 
-	cmd.Println("Profile added successfully:", profileName)
+	dupCount, _ := countProfilesWithName(cmd.Context(), daemonClient, currUser.Username, newProfilename)
+	if dupCount > 1 {
+		cmd.Printf("Warning: %d other profile(s) already use the name %q.\n", dupCount-1, newProfilename)
+		cmd.Println("Use `netbird profile list --show-id` to disambiguate later.")
+	}
+
+	cmd.Printf("Profile renamed from %s to %s\n", profilemanager.StripCtrlChars(resp.OldProfileName), profilemanager.StripCtrlChars(newProfilename))
+
 	return nil
 }
 
+func countProfilesWithName(ctx context.Context, c proto.DaemonServiceClient, username, name string) (int, error) {
+	resp, err := c.ListProfiles(ctx, &proto.ListProfilesRequest{Username: username})
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for _, p := range resp.Profiles {
+		if p.Name == name {
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
 func removeProfileFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	if err := setupCmd(cmd); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -147,24 +232,23 @@ func removeProfileFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}
 	defer conn.Close()
 
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
+	currUser, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	daemonClient := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
+	handle := args[0]
 
-	profileName := args[0]
-
-	_, err = daemonClient.RemoveProfile(cmd.Context(), &proto.RemoveProfileRequest{
-		ProfileName: profileName,
+	resp, err := daemonClient.RemoveProfile(cmd.Context(), &proto.RemoveProfileRequest{
+		ProfileName: handle,
 		Username:    currUser.Username,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return wrapAmbiguityError(err, handle)
 	}
 
-	cmd.Println("Profile removed successfully:", profileName)
+	cmd.Printf("Profile removed: %s\n", resp.Id)
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -174,9 +258,9 @@ func selectProfileFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}
 
 	profileManager := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
-	profileName := args[0]
+	handle := args[0]
 
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
+	currUser, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -191,32 +275,15 @@ func selectProfileFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	daemonClient := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
 
-	profiles, err := daemonClient.ListProfiles(ctx, &proto.ListProfilesRequest{
-		Username: currUser.Username,
+	switchResp, err := daemonClient.SwitchProfile(ctx, &proto.SwitchProfileRequest{
+		ProfileName: &handle,
+		Username:    &currUser.Username,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("list profiles: %w", err)
+		return wrapAmbiguityError(err, handle)
 	}
 
-	var profileExists bool
-
-	for _, profile := range profiles.Profiles {
-		if profile.Name == profileName {
-			profileExists = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !profileExists {
-		return fmt.Errorf("profile %s does not exist", profileName)
-	}
-
-	if err := switchProfile(cmd.Context(), profileName, currUser.Username); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = profileManager.SwitchProfile(profileName)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := profileManager.SwitchProfile(profilemanager.ID(switchResp.Id)); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -231,6 +298,46 @@ func selectProfileFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	cmd.Println("Profile switched successfully to:", profileName)
+	id := profilemanager.ID(switchResp.Id)
+	cmd.Printf("Profile switched to: %s\n", id.ShortID())
 	return nil
 }
+
+// wrapAmbiguityError turns the daemon's gRPC InvalidArgument errors
+// (which carry the resolver's message verbatim) into CLI-friendly text
+// that points the user at --show-id.
+func wrapAmbiguityError(err error, handle string) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	st, ok := gstatus.FromError(err)
+	if !ok {
+		return err
+	}
+	switch st.Code() {
+	case codes.InvalidArgument:
+		msg := st.Message()
+		if strings.Contains(msg, "ambiguous") {
+			return errors.New(msg + "\nRun `netbird profile list --show-id` to see IDs, then select by ID prefix:\n  netbird profile select|remove <id-prefix>")
+		}
+	case codes.NotFound:
+		return fmt.Errorf("profile %q not found", handle)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// addProfileOnDaemon issues the AddProfile RPC on an existing daemon client
+// and returns the new profile's ID. It is the single entry point for profile
+// creation, shared by `netbird profile add` and the `netbird up --profile
+// <name>` auto-create path.
+func addProfileOnDaemon(ctx context.Context, client proto.DaemonServiceClient, profileName, username string) (profilemanager.ID, error) {
+	resp, err := client.AddProfile(ctx, &proto.AddProfileRequest{
+		ProfileName: profileName,
+		Username:    username,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("add profile failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return profilemanager.ID(resp.Id), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/qr.go b/client/cmd/qr.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b2c489ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/qr.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/mdp/qrterminal/v3"
+)
+
+// printQRCode prints a QR code for the given URL to the writer.
+// Called only when the user explicitly requests QR output via --qr.
+func printQRCode(w io.Writer, url string) {
+	if url == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	qrterminal.GenerateWithConfig(url, qrterminal.Config{
+		Level:          qrterminal.M,
+		Writer:         w,
+		HalfBlocks:     true,
+		BlackChar:      qrterminal.BLACK_BLACK,
+		WhiteChar:      qrterminal.WHITE_WHITE,
+		BlackWhiteChar: qrterminal.BLACK_WHITE,
+		WhiteBlackChar: qrterminal.WHITE_BLACK,
+		QuietZone:      qrterminal.QUIET_ZONE,
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/qr_test.go b/client/cmd/qr_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d12705b9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/qr_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPrintQRCode_EmptyURL(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	printQRCode(&buf, "")
+
+	if buf.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Error("expected no output for empty URL")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrintQRCode_WritesOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	printQRCode(&buf, "https://example.com/auth")
+
+	if buf.Len() == 0 {
+		t.Error("expected QR code output for non-empty URL")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/root.go b/client/cmd/root.go
index c872fe9f6..be6479440 100644
--- a/client/cmd/root.go
+++ b/client/cmd/root.go
@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
 	daddr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/localmetrics"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 )
 
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ const (
 	dnsResolverAddress       = "dns-resolver-address"
 	enableRosenpassFlag      = "enable-rosenpass"
 	rosenpassPermissiveFlag  = "rosenpass-permissive"
+	enableLocalMetricsFlag   = "enable-local-metrics"
+	localMetricsAddressFlag  = "local-metrics-address"
 	preSharedKeyFlag         = "preshared-key"
 	interfaceNameFlag        = "interface-name"
 	wireguardPortFlag        = "wireguard-port"
@@ -70,12 +73,18 @@ var (
 	autoConnectDisabled     bool
 	extraIFaceBlackList     []string
 	anonymizeFlag           bool
+	anonymizeLevelFlag      string
 	dnsRouteInterval        time.Duration
-	lazyConnEnabled         bool
-	mtu                     uint16
-	profilesDisabled        bool
-	updateSettingsDisabled  bool
-	networksDisabled        bool
+	// lazyConnEnabled is the parse target for the deprecated --enable-lazy-connection
+	// flag. The flag is inert; the value is no longer read (use NB_LAZY_CONN instead).
+	lazyConnEnabled        bool
+	mtu                    uint16
+	profilesDisabled       bool
+	updateSettingsDisabled bool
+	captureEnabled         bool
+	networksDisabled       bool
+	localMetricsEnabled    bool
+	localMetricsAddr       string
 
 	rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		Use:          "netbird",
@@ -88,13 +97,16 @@ var (
 			// Don't resolve for service commands — they create the socket, not connect to it.
 			if !isServiceCmd(cmd) {
 				daemonAddr = daddr.ResolveUnixDaemonAddr(daemonAddr)
+				daemonAddr = daddr.ResolveDaemonAddr(daemonAddr)
 			}
 			return nil
 		},
 	}
 )
 
-// Execute executes the root command.
+// Execute runs the appropriate Cobra command for the CLI.
+// If the process is the update binary it delegates to updateCmd; otherwise it runs the root command.
+// It returns any error produced during command execution.
 func Execute() error {
 	if isUpdateBinary() {
 		return updateCmd.Execute()
@@ -102,6 +114,16 @@ func Execute() error {
 	return rootCmd.Execute()
 }
 
+// init initialises package-level defaults and configures the root
+// Cobra command tree. Sets platform-specific config / log directory
+// paths (including legacy Wiretrustee fallbacks) and a default daemon
+// address; registers persistent CLI flags (daemon address,
+// management / admin URLs, logging, setup key (file and inline,
+// mutually exclusive), preshared key, hostname, anonymise, config
+// path); attaches top-level and nested subcommands to the root
+// command; and registers `up`-specific persistent flags (external IP
+// maps, custom DNS resolver address, Rosenpass options, auto-connect
+// disabling, lazy connection).
 func init() {
 	defaultConfigPathDir = "/etc/netbird/"
 	defaultLogFileDir = "/var/log/netbird/"
@@ -128,10 +150,10 @@ func init() {
 
 	defaultDaemonAddr := "unix:///var/run/netbird.sock"
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		defaultDaemonAddr = "tcp://127.0.0.1:41731"
+		defaultDaemonAddr = daddr.WindowsPipeAddr
 	}
 
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&daemonAddr, "daemon-addr", defaultDaemonAddr, "Daemon service address to serve CLI requests [unix|tcp]://[path|host:port]")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&daemonAddr, "daemon-addr", defaultDaemonAddr, "Daemon service address to serve CLI requests [unix|tcp|npipe]://[path|host:port|name]")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&managementURL, "management-url", "m", "", fmt.Sprintf("Management Service URL [http|https]://[host]:[port] (default \"%s\")", profilemanager.DefaultManagementURL))
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&adminURL, "admin-url", "", fmt.Sprintf("Admin Panel URL [http|https]://[host]:[port] (default \"%s\")", profilemanager.DefaultAdminURL))
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&logLevel, "log-level", "l", "info", "sets NetBird log level")
@@ -141,8 +163,9 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive("setup-key", "setup-key-file")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&preSharedKey, preSharedKeyFlag, "", "Sets WireGuard PreSharedKey property. If set, then only peers that have the same key can communicate.")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&hostName, "hostname", "n", "", "Sets a custom hostname for the device")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&anonymizeFlag, "anonymize", "A", false, "anonymize IP addresses and non-netbird.io domains in logs and status output")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&configPath, "config", "c", defaultConfigPath, "Overrides the default profile file location")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&anonymizeFlag, "anonymize", "A", false, "anonymize public IP addresses, MAC addresses, and non-netbird.io domains in logs and status output; private, CGNAT, and link-local IP ranges are kept (see --anonymize-level strict)")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&anonymizeLevelFlag, "anonymize-level", "", "anonymization level: \"default\" or \"strict\"; strict also anonymizes private, CGNAT, and link-local IP ranges, peer names, and WireGuard public keys. Setting this flag implies --anonymize")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&configPath, "config", "c", profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath, "Overrides the default profile file location")
 
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(upCmd)
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(downCmd)
@@ -167,10 +190,17 @@ func init() {
 	logCmd.AddCommand(logLevelCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(forCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(persistenceCmd)
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugConfigCmd)
+
+	// kubernetes commands
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(kubernetesCmd)
+	kubernetesCmd.AddCommand(kubernetesListCmd)
+	kubernetesCmd.AddCommand(kubernetesWriteKubeconfigCmd)
 
 	// profile commands
 	profileCmd.AddCommand(profileListCmd)
 	profileCmd.AddCommand(profileAddCmd)
+	profileCmd.AddCommand(profileRenameCmd)
 	profileCmd.AddCommand(profileRemoveCmd)
 	profileCmd.AddCommand(profileSelectCmd)
 
@@ -190,7 +220,10 @@ func init() {
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&rosenpassEnabled, enableRosenpassFlag, false, "[Experimental] Enable Rosenpass feature. If enabled, the connection will be post-quantum secured via Rosenpass.")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&rosenpassPermissive, rosenpassPermissiveFlag, false, "[Experimental] Enable Rosenpass in permissive mode to allow this peer to accept WireGuard connections without requiring Rosenpass functionality from peers that do not have Rosenpass enabled.")
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&autoConnectDisabled, disableAutoConnectFlag, false, "Disables auto-connect feature. If enabled, then the client won't connect automatically when the service starts.")
-	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&lazyConnEnabled, enableLazyConnectionFlag, false, "[Experimental] Enable the lazy connection feature. If enabled, the client will establish connections on-demand. Note: this setting may be overridden by management configuration.")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&localMetricsEnabled, enableLocalMetricsFlag, false, "Enables a local Prometheus /metrics endpoint exposing connection state (peers, latency, P2P vs relay).")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&localMetricsAddr, localMetricsAddressFlag, localmetrics.DefaultListenAddress, "Listen address of the local Prometheus /metrics endpoint.")
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&lazyConnEnabled, enableLazyConnectionFlag, false, "Deprecated: no longer used. Lazy connections are controlled by the server and the NB_LAZY_CONN environment variable.")
+	_ = upCmd.PersistentFlags().MarkDeprecated(enableLazyConnectionFlag, "no longer used; lazy connections are controlled by the server and the NB_LAZY_CONN environment variable")
 
 }
 
@@ -246,12 +279,10 @@ func DialClientGRPCServer(ctx context.Context, addr string) (*grpc.ClientConn, e
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	return grpc.DialContext(
-		ctx,
-		strings.TrimPrefix(addr, "tcp://"),
-		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
-		grpc.WithBlock(),
-	)
+	target, opts := daddr.DialTarget(addr)
+	opts = append(opts, grpc.WithBlock())
+
+	return grpc.DialContext(ctx, target, opts...)
 }
 
 // WithBackOff execute function in backoff cycle.
@@ -272,6 +303,19 @@ var CLIBackOffSettings = &backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
 	Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
 }
 
+// effectiveAnonymize resolves the --anonymize and --anonymize-level flags:
+// setting a level implies anonymization, and an invalid level is rejected.
+func effectiveAnonymize() (bool, anonymize.Level, error) {
+	if anonymizeLevelFlag == "" {
+		return anonymizeFlag, anonymize.LevelDefault, nil
+	}
+	level := anonymize.ParseLevel(anonymizeLevelFlag)
+	if !strings.EqualFold(anonymizeLevelFlag, level.String()) {
+		return false, anonymize.LevelDefault, fmt.Errorf("invalid anonymize level %q: use %q or %q", anonymizeLevelFlag, anonymize.LevelDefault.String(), anonymize.LevelStrict.String())
+	}
+	return true, level, nil
+}
+
 func getSetupKey() (string, error) {
 	if setupKeyPath != "" && setupKey == "" {
 		return getSetupKeyFromFile(setupKeyPath)
diff --git a/client/cmd/service.go b/client/cmd/service.go
index f1123ce8c..7410d60ea 100644
--- a/client/cmd/service.go
+++ b/client/cmd/service.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -22,15 +23,26 @@ var serviceCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "Manage the NetBird daemon service",
 }
 
+const defaultJSONSocket = "unix:///var/run/netbird-http.sock"
+
 var (
-	serviceName    string
-	serviceEnvVars []string
+	serviceName      string
+	serviceEnvVars   []string
+	jsonSocket       string
+	enableJSONSocket bool
 )
 
 type program struct {
-	ctx              context.Context
-	cancel           context.CancelFunc
-	serv             *grpc.Server
+	ctx      context.Context
+	cancel   context.CancelFunc
+	serv     *grpc.Server
+	jsonServ *http.Server
+	// jsonClient is the gateway's own connection to the daemon. It is held so
+	// shutting the gateway down also closes it: nothing else references it once
+	// the handlers are registered, so its transport goroutines would otherwise
+	// outlive the server.
+	jsonClient       *grpc.ClientConn
+	jsonServMu       sync.Mutex
 	serverInstance   *server.Server
 	serverInstanceMu sync.Mutex
 }
@@ -44,7 +56,10 @@ func init() {
 	serviceCmd.AddCommand(runCmd, startCmd, stopCmd, restartCmd, svcStatusCmd, installCmd, uninstallCmd, reconfigureCmd, resetParamsCmd)
 	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&profilesDisabled, "disable-profiles", false, "Disables profiles feature. If enabled, the client will not be able to change or edit any profile. To persist this setting, use: netbird service install --disable-profiles")
 	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&updateSettingsDisabled, "disable-update-settings", false, "Disables update settings feature. If enabled, the client will not be able to change or edit any settings. To persist this setting, use: netbird service install --disable-update-settings")
+	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&captureEnabled, "enable-capture", false, "Enables packet capture via 'netbird debug capture'. To persist, use: netbird service install --enable-capture")
 	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&networksDisabled, "disable-networks", false, "Disables network selection. If enabled, the client will not allow listing, selecting, or deselecting networks. To persist, use: netbird service install --disable-networks")
+	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&enableJSONSocket, "enable-json-socket", false, "Enables the HTTP/JSON API socket served by grpc-gateway. To persist, use: netbird service install --enable-json-socket")
+	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&jsonSocket, "json-socket", defaultJSONSocket, "HTTP/JSON API socket address [unix|tcp]://[path|host:port]. Requires --enable-json-socket to serve. To persist, use: netbird service install --enable-json-socket --json-socket")
 
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&serviceName, "service", "s", defaultServiceName, "Netbird system service name")
 	serviceEnvDesc := `Sets extra environment variables for the service. ` +
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_controller.go b/client/cmd/service_controller.go
index 0943b6184..e9a0e055f 100644
--- a/client/cmd/service_controller.go
+++ b/client/cmd/service_controller.go
@@ -5,9 +5,7 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
+	"runtime"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/kardianos/service"
@@ -16,69 +14,159 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
+func validateJSONSocketFlags() error {
+	if serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed("json-socket") && !enableJSONSocket {
+		return fmt.Errorf("--json-socket requires --enable-json-socket to configure the daemon JSON gateway")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// daemonServerOptions installs the transport credentials that expose each
+// caller's kernel-authenticated identity to the handlers, which is what lets
+// the daemon require root/administrator for privileged operations.
+//
+// The handshake exchanges no bytes, so older CLI and UI binaries still
+// interoperate. Callers on a TCP socket carry no identity at all: the daemon
+// keeps serving them, and the privileged operations deny them, so a warning is
+// logged to make the loss of functionality visible.
+func daemonServerOptions(network string) []grpc.ServerOption {
+	if network == "tcp" {
+		log.Warnf("daemon is listening on TCP (%s): callers carry no verifiable identity over TCP, "+
+			"so privileged operations (SSH root login, SSH auth, enabling the SSH server, management URL changes, "+
+			"deregistration) will be denied, and the SSH JWT cache is neither filled nor served. "+
+			"Use a unix socket, or npipe:// on Windows", daemonAddr)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	creds := ipcauth.NewTransportCredentials() //nolint:staticcheck
+	if creds == nil {                          //nolint:staticcheck // nil only on platforms without a peer-identity primitive
+		log.Warnf("daemon IPC has no peer-identity primitive on %s: privileged operations will be denied "+
+			"and the SSH JWT cache is neither filled nor served", runtime.GOOS)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return []grpc.ServerOption{grpc.Creds(creds)}
+}
+
 func (p *program) Start(svc service.Service) error {
 	// Start should not block. Do the actual work async.
 	log.Info("starting NetBird service") //nolint
 
+	if err := validateJSONSocketFlags(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	// Collect static system and platform information
 	system.UpdateStaticInfoAsync()
 
-	// in any case, even if configuration does not exists we run daemon to serve CLI gRPC API.
-	p.serv = grpc.NewServer()
-
-	split := strings.Split(daemonAddr, "://")
-	switch split[0] {
-	case "unix":
-		// cleanup failed close
-		stat, err := os.Stat(split[1])
-		if err == nil && !stat.IsDir() {
-			if err := os.Remove(split[1]); err != nil {
-				log.Debugf("remove socket file: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-	case "tcp":
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported daemon address protocol: %v", split[0])
+	// A daemon installed before named-pipe support has the loopback TCP address
+	// persisted. Move it to the named pipe so an upgraded daemon can identify
+	// its callers instead of silently serving an unauthenticated socket.
+	if migrated, ok := daemonaddr.MigrateLegacy(daemonAddr); ok {
+		log.Infof("daemon address %q predates named-pipe support, listening on %q so callers can be identified", daemonAddr, migrated)
+		daemonAddr = migrated
 	}
 
-	listen, err := net.Listen(split[0], split[1])
+	network, _, err := parseListenAddress(daemonAddr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listen daemon interface: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse daemon address: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	// in any case, even if configuration does not exists we run daemon to serve CLI gRPC API.
+	p.serv = grpc.NewServer(daemonServerOptions(network)...)
+
+	daemonListener, jsonListener, err := listenDaemonSockets()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	go func() {
-		defer listen.Close()
-
-		if split[0] == "unix" {
-			if err := os.Chmod(split[1], 0666); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed setting daemon permissions: %v", split[1])
-				return
-			}
-		}
-
-		serverInstance := server.New(p.ctx, util.FindFirstLogPath(logFiles), configPath, profilesDisabled, updateSettingsDisabled, networksDisabled)
-		if err := serverInstance.Start(); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to start daemon: %v", err)
-		}
-		proto.RegisterDaemonServiceServer(p.serv, serverInstance)
-
-		p.serverInstanceMu.Lock()
-		p.serverInstance = serverInstance
-		p.serverInstanceMu.Unlock()
-
-		log.Printf("started daemon server: %v", split[1])
-		if err := p.serv.Serve(listen); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to serve daemon requests: %v", err)
+		// Fatal here rather than inside serve, so serve's deferred listener
+		// closes run before the process exits.
+		if err := p.serve(daemonListener, jsonListener); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 	return nil
 }
 
+// listenDaemonSockets opens the daemon control socket and, when it is enabled, the
+// JSON gateway socket. The control socket is closed again if the second one fails,
+// so a failed start leaves nothing listening. The returned JSON listener is nil
+// when the socket is disabled.
+func listenDaemonSockets() (*socketListener, *socketListener, error) {
+	daemonListener, err := listenOnAddress(daemonAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("listen daemon interface: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !enableJSONSocket {
+		removeStaleUnixSocketForAddress(jsonSocket)
+		return daemonListener, nil, nil
+	}
+
+	jsonListener, err := listenOnAddress(jsonSocket)
+	if err != nil {
+		if cerr := daemonListener.Close(); cerr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close daemon listener: %v", cerr)
+		}
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("listen daemon JSON interface: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return daemonListener, jsonListener, nil
+}
+
+// serve brings up the daemon server on an already-open control socket and blocks
+// until it stops. jsonListener is nil when the JSON socket is disabled. A returned
+// error means the daemon cannot run at all and the caller is expected to exit; the
+// failures it recovers from on its own are logged here.
+func (p *program) serve(daemonListener, jsonListener *socketListener) error {
+	defer daemonListener.Close()
+	if jsonListener != nil {
+		defer jsonListener.Close()
+	}
+
+	// chmodUnixSocket is a no-op for a nil listener and for a non-unix one.
+	if err := daemonListener.chmodUnixSocket("daemon"); err != nil {
+		log.Error(err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := jsonListener.chmodUnixSocket("daemon JSON"); err != nil {
+		log.Error(err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	serverInstance := server.New(p.ctx, util.FindFirstLogPath(logFiles), configPath, profilesDisabled, updateSettingsDisabled, captureEnabled, networksDisabled)
+	if err := serverInstance.Start(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("start daemon: %w", err)
+	}
+	proto.RegisterDaemonServiceServer(p.serv, serverInstance)
+
+	p.serverInstanceMu.Lock()
+	p.serverInstance = serverInstance
+	p.serverInstanceMu.Unlock()
+
+	if jsonListener == nil {
+		log.Debug("daemon JSON socket disabled")
+	} else if err := p.startJSONGateway(jsonListener, daemonAddr); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("start daemon JSON server: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("started daemon server: %v", daemonListener.address)
+	if err := p.serv.Serve(daemonListener.Listener); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to serve daemon requests: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (p *program) Stop(srv service.Service) error {
 	p.serverInstanceMu.Lock()
 	if p.serverInstance != nil {
@@ -92,6 +180,25 @@ func (p *program) Stop(srv service.Service) error {
 
 	p.cancel()
 
+	p.jsonServMu.Lock()
+	jsonServ, jsonClient := p.jsonServ, p.jsonClient
+	p.jsonServMu.Unlock()
+	if jsonClient != nil {
+		if err := jsonClient.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close daemon JSON gateway client: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if jsonServ != nil {
+		shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
+		if err := jsonServ.Shutdown(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to stop daemon JSON server gracefully: %v", err)
+			if err := jsonServ.Close(); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to close daemon JSON server: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+		shutdownCancel()
+	}
+
 	if p.serv != nil {
 		p.serv.Stop()
 	}
@@ -102,7 +209,7 @@ func (p *program) Stop(srv service.Service) error {
 }
 
 // Common setup for service control commands
-func setupServiceControlCommand(cmd *cobra.Command, ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc) (service.Service, error) {
+func setupServiceControlCommand(cmd *cobra.Command, ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, consoleLog bool) (service.Service, error) {
 	// rootCmd env vars are already applied by PersistentPreRunE.
 	SetFlagsFromEnvVars(serviceCmd)
 
@@ -112,8 +219,14 @@ func setupServiceControlCommand(cmd *cobra.Command, ctx context.Context, cancel
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if err := util.InitLog(logLevel, logFiles...); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("init log: %w", err)
+	if consoleLog {
+		if err := util.InitLog(logLevel, util.LogConsole); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("init log: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if err := util.InitLog(logLevel, logFiles...); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("init log: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
@@ -138,10 +251,13 @@ var runCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		SetupCloseHandler(ctx, cancel)
 		SetupDebugHandler(ctx, nil, nil, nil, util.FindFirstLogPath(logFiles))
 
-		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel)
+		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if err := validateJSONSocketFlags(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
 		return s.Run()
 	},
@@ -152,10 +268,13 @@ var startCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "starts NetBird service",
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
-		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel)
+		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if err := validateJSONSocketFlags(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
 		if err := s.Start(); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("start service: %w", err)
@@ -170,7 +289,7 @@ var stopCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "stops NetBird service",
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
-		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel)
+		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -188,10 +307,13 @@ var restartCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "restarts NetBird service",
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
-		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel)
+		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if err := validateJSONSocketFlags(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 
 		if err := s.Restart(); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("restart service: %w", err)
@@ -206,7 +328,7 @@ var svcStatusCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "shows NetBird service status",
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(cmd.Context())
-		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel)
+		s, err := setupServiceControlCommand(cmd, ctx, cancel, true)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_installer.go b/client/cmd/service_installer.go
index 5ada6f633..ae2dfb9fa 100644
--- a/client/cmd/service_installer.go
+++ b/client/cmd/service_installer.go
@@ -59,10 +59,18 @@ func buildServiceArguments() []string {
 		args = append(args, "--disable-update-settings")
 	}
 
+	if captureEnabled {
+		args = append(args, "--enable-capture")
+	}
+
 	if networksDisabled {
 		args = append(args, "--disable-networks")
 	}
 
+	if enableJSONSocket {
+		args = append(args, "--enable-json-socket", "--json-socket", jsonSocket)
+	}
+
 	return args
 }
 
@@ -102,6 +110,10 @@ func configurePlatformSpecificSettings(svcConfig *service.Config) error {
 
 // Create fully configured service config for install/reconfigure
 func createServiceConfigForInstall() (*service.Config, error) {
+	if err := validateJSONSocketFlags(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	svcConfig, err := newSVCConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create service config: %w", err)
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_json_gateway.go b/client/cmd/service_json_gateway.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6864f338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/service_json_gateway.go
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+//go:build !ios && !android
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// jsonPeerIdentity is the context key under which the connecting HTTP client's
+// identity is stashed for the lifetime of its connection.
+type jsonPeerIdentity struct{}
+
+// jsonPeerIdentityValue pairs the identity with whether it could be read at
+// all, so an unreadable identity is forwarded as "unknown" rather than omitted.
+type jsonPeerIdentityValue struct {
+	id    ipcauth.Identity
+	known bool
+}
+
+// jsonConnContext reads the identity of the client connecting to the JSON
+// socket and stashes it on the connection's context. The gateway re-dials the
+// daemon in-process, so the daemon would otherwise see every JSON request as
+// coming from the daemon itself.
+func jsonConnContext(ctx context.Context, c net.Conn) context.Context {
+	value := jsonPeerIdentityValue{}
+	id, err := ipcauth.ConnIdentity(c)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("json gateway: cannot read HTTP client identity, privileged operations will be denied for this connection: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		value.id = id
+		value.known = true
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, jsonPeerIdentity{}, value)
+}
+
+// forwardIdentity stamps the HTTP client's identity onto every call the gateway
+// makes to the daemon.
+//
+// It is an interceptor on the gateway's client connection rather than a
+// runtime.WithMetadata annotator because grpc-gateway skips annotators when no
+// request header maps to metadata, which an HTTP/1.0 request with no Host header
+// over a unix socket achieves. The daemon would then receive no marker, see its own
+// identity as the transport peer, and authorize the request as the daemon itself.
+// An interceptor runs for every RPC whatever the request looked like.
+func forwardIdentity(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+	value, ok := ctx.Value(jsonPeerIdentity{}).(jsonPeerIdentityValue)
+	if !ok {
+		// No ConnContext ran for this request, so forward an unknown identity:
+		// the daemon must not mistake its own identity for the client's.
+		return ipcauth.WithForwardedIdentity(ctx, ipcauth.Identity{}, false)
+	}
+	return ipcauth.WithForwardedIdentity(ctx, value.id, value.known)
+}
+
+func forwardIdentityUnary(ctx context.Context, method string, req, reply any, cc *grpc.ClientConn, invoker grpc.UnaryInvoker, opts ...grpc.CallOption) error {
+	return invoker(forwardIdentity(ctx), method, req, reply, cc, opts...)
+}
+
+func forwardIdentityStream(ctx context.Context, desc *grpc.StreamDesc, cc *grpc.ClientConn, method string, streamer grpc.Streamer, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ClientStream, error) {
+	return streamer(forwardIdentity(ctx), desc, cc, method, opts...)
+}
+
+// reservedHeaderWarning limits the dropped-header warning to the first occurrence.
+var reservedHeaderWarning sync.Once
+
+// jsonIncomingHeaderMatcher keeps an HTTP client from supplying the metadata the
+// gateway uses to forward its identity. grpc-gateway turns "Grpc-Metadata-<key>"
+// headers into gRPC metadata and joins them ahead of what its annotators add, so
+// without this filter a JSON client could send its own x-netbird-fwd-uid and the
+// daemon would authorize that instead of the client's real identity.
+func jsonIncomingHeaderMatcher(key string) (string, bool) {
+	mapped, ok := runtime.DefaultHeaderMatcher(key)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if ipcauth.IsReservedForwardKey(mapped) {
+		// Warn once: any client can send these on every request, so warning each
+		// time hands it a way to fill the log. The rest are debug-level.
+		reservedHeaderWarning.Do(func() {
+			log.Warnf("json gateway: dropping reserved header %q from a request: only the gateway may set the caller's identity", key)
+		})
+		log.Debugf("json gateway: dropping reserved header %q", key)
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return mapped, true
+}
+
+func (p *program) startJSONGateway(jsonListener *socketListener, daemonEndpoint string) error {
+	if jsonListener.network == "tcp" {
+		log.Warnf("daemon JSON socket is listening on TCP (%s): callers carry no verifiable identity over TCP, "+
+			"so privileged operations will be denied for JSON clients", jsonListener.address)
+	}
+
+	mux := runtime.NewServeMux(runtime.WithIncomingHeaderMatcher(jsonIncomingHeaderMatcher))
+
+	// grpc.NewClient does not connect until the first request, so registering
+	// the handler here cannot block daemon startup.
+	target, opts := daemonaddr.DialTarget(daemonEndpoint)
+	opts = append(opts,
+		grpc.WithChainUnaryInterceptor(forwardIdentityUnary),
+		grpc.WithChainStreamInterceptor(forwardIdentityStream),
+	)
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(target, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create daemon client for JSON gateway: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := proto.RegisterDaemonServiceHandler(p.ctx, mux, conn); err != nil {
+		if cerr := conn.Close(); cerr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close daemon client after failed JSON gateway registration: %v", cerr)
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	jsonServer := &http.Server{
+		Handler:           mux,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
+		BaseContext: func(net.Listener) context.Context {
+			return p.ctx
+		},
+		ConnContext: jsonConnContext,
+	}
+
+	p.jsonServMu.Lock()
+	p.jsonServ = jsonServer
+	p.jsonClient = conn
+	p.jsonServMu.Unlock()
+
+	go func() {
+		log.Printf("started daemon JSON server: %v", jsonListener.address)
+		if err := jsonServer.Serve(jsonListener.Listener); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+			log.Errorf("failed to serve daemon JSON requests: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_json_gateway_test.go b/client/cmd/service_json_gateway_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfeef1c46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/service_json_gateway_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+//go:build !windows && !ios && !android
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/peer"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+)
+
+// The JSON gateway runs inside the daemon and re-dials it locally, so every JSON
+// request reaches a handler with the daemon's own identity as the transport peer.
+// The gateway therefore forwards its HTTP client's identity as metadata, and the
+// daemon authorizes that instead of itself. These tests drive the real wiring
+// (jsonConnContext, forwardIdentity, jsonIncomingHeaderMatcher) and check the
+// identity a handler would end up authorizing.
+
+// daemonSideCtx is what a handler sees for a gateway-relayed call. The transport
+// peer must be this process's own identity: the gateway is the daemon, so the two
+// cannot differ, and hardcoding root here instead would describe a state that
+// never occurs.
+func daemonSideCtx(t *testing.T, md metadata.MD) context.Context {
+	t.Helper()
+	self, err := ipcauth.CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot read this process's identity: %v", err)
+	}
+	ctx := peer.NewContext(context.Background(), &peer.Peer{
+		AuthInfo: ipcauth.AuthInfo{
+			CommonAuthInfo: credentials.CommonAuthInfo{SecurityLevel: credentials.NoSecurity},
+			Identity:       self,
+		},
+	})
+	return metadata.NewIncomingContext(ctx, md)
+}
+
+// gatewayMetadata reproduces what the daemon receives for a JSON request: the
+// mux annotates the context from the request's headers, then the interceptor on the
+// gateway's client connection stamps the caller's identity. The order matters,
+// since the interceptor must win over anything a header put there.
+func gatewayMetadata(t *testing.T, req *http.Request, ctx context.Context) metadata.MD {
+	t.Helper()
+	mux := runtime.NewServeMux(runtime.WithIncomingHeaderMatcher(jsonIncomingHeaderMatcher))
+	annotated, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req,
+		"/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig",
+		runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("annotate: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	md, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(forwardIdentity(annotated))
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("the interceptor produced no metadata")
+	}
+	return md
+}
+
+// clientCtx is the connection context jsonConnContext would have produced for an
+// HTTP client whose identity the gateway could read.
+func clientCtx(id ipcauth.Identity, known bool) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(context.Background(), jsonPeerIdentity{},
+		jsonPeerIdentityValue{id: id, known: known})
+}
+
+// An HTTP client must not be able to name its own identity. grpc-gateway turns
+// Grpc-Metadata-<key> headers into gRPC metadata, so without the header filter and
+// the interceptor overwriting the reserved keys, this request would authorize as
+// uid 0.
+func TestJSONGateway_ForgedIdentityHeaderIsDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://localhost/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Grpc-Metadata-X-Netbird-Fwd-Uid", "0")
+	req.Header.Set("Grpc-Metadata-X-Netbird-Fwd-Gid", "0")
+	req.Header.Set("Grpc-Metadata-X-Netbird-Fwd", "1")
+	req.Header.Set("Grpc-Metadata-X-Netbird-Fwd-Sid", "S-1-5-18")
+
+	caller := ipcauth.Identity{UID: 31000, GID: 31000}
+	md := gatewayMetadata(t, req, clientCtx(caller, true))
+
+	id, ok := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(daemonSideCtx(t, md))
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("the forwarded identity should be usable")
+	}
+	if id.IsPrivileged() {
+		t.Errorf("forged header was believed: authorized as %v", id)
+	}
+	if id.UID != caller.UID {
+		t.Errorf("authorized as uid %d, want the real client %d", id.UID, caller.UID)
+	}
+}
+
+// A request with no headers at all (HTTP/1.0 needs no Host, and a unix socket
+// yields no host:port) makes grpc-gateway produce no metadata whatsoever and skip
+// its annotators: "if len(pairs) == 0 { return ctx, nil, nil }" in
+// runtime/context.go. That is why the identity is stamped by an interceptor
+// instead. This is the case that previously reached the gate as the daemon itself.
+func TestJSONGateway_HeaderlessRequestIsStillMarkedForwarded(t *testing.T) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://localhost/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	req.Header = http.Header{}
+	req.Host = ""
+
+	caller := ipcauth.Identity{UID: 31000, GID: 31000}
+	ctx := clientCtx(caller, true)
+
+	// Pin the skip path itself: if grpc-gateway ever produced a pair here, this
+	// test would still pass below while no longer covering what it was written for.
+	mux := runtime.NewServeMux(runtime.WithIncomingHeaderMatcher(jsonIncomingHeaderMatcher))
+	annotated, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req,
+		"/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig",
+		runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("annotate: %v", err)
+	}
+	if md, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(annotated); ok {
+		t.Fatalf("grpc-gateway produced metadata %v for a headerless request; "+
+			"this test no longer covers the annotator-skip path", md)
+	}
+
+	md := gatewayMetadata(t, req, ctx)
+
+	id, ok := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(daemonSideCtx(t, md))
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("the forwarded identity should be usable")
+	}
+	if id.UID != caller.UID || id.IsPrivileged() {
+		t.Errorf("authorized as %v, want the real client uid %d", id, caller.UID)
+	}
+}
+
+// When the gateway cannot read its client's identity (a TCP JSON socket, say) it
+// forwards the marker alone. The daemon must then report "unidentified" so the
+// privileged operations refuse, rather than falling back to the gateway's own
+// identity.
+func TestJSONGateway_UnreadableClientIdentityIsUnidentified(t *testing.T) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://localhost/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	md := gatewayMetadata(t, req, clientCtx(ipcauth.Identity{}, false))
+
+	if id, ok := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(daemonSideCtx(t, md)); ok {
+		t.Errorf("a request with no client identity was authorized as %v", id)
+	}
+}
+
+// A request that never passed through jsonConnContext (no stashed identity) must
+// also come out unidentified rather than as the daemon.
+func TestJSONGateway_MissingConnContextIsUnidentified(t *testing.T) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://localhost/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	md := gatewayMetadata(t, req, context.Background())
+
+	if id, ok := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(daemonSideCtx(t, md)); ok {
+		t.Errorf("a request with no connection context was authorized as %v", id)
+	}
+}
+
+// End to end over a real unix socket: the gateway reads the connecting client's
+// identity from the socket itself, so a client cannot present anything else.
+func TestJSONGateway_IdentityComesFromTheSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	mux := runtime.NewServeMux(runtime.WithIncomingHeaderMatcher(jsonIncomingHeaderMatcher))
+
+	type observed struct {
+		md metadata.MD
+	}
+	seen := make(chan observed, 1)
+
+	srv := &http.Server{
+		Handler: http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			ctx, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(r.Context(), mux, r,
+				"/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig",
+				runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig"))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("annotate: %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+			md, _ := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(forwardIdentity(ctx))
+			seen <- observed{md: md}
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		}),
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
+		ConnContext:       jsonConnContext,
+	}
+
+	sock := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "http.sock")
+	ln, err := net.Listen("unix", sock)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := srv.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("close server: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+	go func() {
+		if err := srv.Serve(ln); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			t.Logf("serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("unix", sock)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("close conn: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// Forge the identity headers on the wire as well.
+	request := "POST /daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
+		"Host: localhost\r\n" +
+		"Grpc-Metadata-X-Netbird-Fwd: 1\r\n" +
+		"Grpc-Metadata-X-Netbird-Fwd-Uid: 0\r\n" +
+		"Content-Length: 0\r\n\r\n"
+	if _, err := conn.Write([]byte(request)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case got := <-seen:
+		self, err := ipcauth.CurrentProcessIdentity()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Skipf("cannot read this process's identity: %v", err)
+		}
+		// The socket peer is this test process, so that is the identity the
+		// gateway must forward, not the uid 0 the request asked for.
+		if uids := got.md.Get("x-netbird-fwd-uid"); len(uids) != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("x-netbird-fwd-uid = %v, want exactly the gateway's own value", uids)
+		}
+		id, ok := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(daemonSideCtx(t, got.md))
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatal("the forwarded identity should be usable")
+		}
+		if id.UID != self.UID {
+			t.Errorf("authorized as uid %d, want the socket peer %d", id.UID, self.UID)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("the gateway never handled the request")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_json_socket_test.go b/client/cmd/service_json_socket_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b39794d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/service_json_socket_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+//go:build !ios && !android
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func preserveJSONSocketTestState(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	origJSONSocket := jsonSocket
+	origEnableJSONSocket := enableJSONSocket
+	origChanged := map[string]bool{}
+	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
+		origChanged[flag.Name] = flag.Changed
+	})
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		jsonSocket = origJSONSocket
+		enableJSONSocket = origEnableJSONSocket
+		serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
+			flag.Changed = origChanged[flag.Name]
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestJSONSocketFlagsArePositiveEnableOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.NotNil(t, serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("enable-json-socket"))
+	assert.NotNil(t, serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("json-socket"))
+	assert.Nil(t, serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("disable-json-socket"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "false", serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("enable-json-socket").DefValue)
+}
+
+func TestBuildServiceArgumentsDefaultDisablesJSONSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	preserveJSONSocketTestState(t)
+
+	enableJSONSocket = false
+	jsonSocket = "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080"
+
+	args := buildServiceArguments()
+
+	assert.NotContains(t, args, "--enable-json-socket")
+	assert.NotContains(t, args, "--json-socket")
+}
+
+func TestBuildServiceArgumentsIncludesJSONSocketWhenEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	preserveJSONSocketTestState(t)
+
+	enableJSONSocket = true
+	jsonSocket = "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080"
+
+	args := buildServiceArguments()
+
+	enableIndex := indexOfArg(args, "--enable-json-socket")
+	jsonIndex := indexOfArg(args, "--json-socket")
+	require.NotEqual(t, -1, enableIndex)
+	require.NotEqual(t, -1, jsonIndex)
+	require.Less(t, enableIndex, jsonIndex)
+	require.Less(t, jsonIndex+1, len(args))
+	assert.Equal(t, "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080", args[jsonIndex+1])
+}
+
+func TestJSONSocketWithoutEnableValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	preserveJSONSocketTestState(t)
+
+	enableJSONSocket = false
+	require.NoError(t, serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Set("json-socket", "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080"))
+
+	err := validateJSONSocketFlags()
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "--enable-json-socket")
+}
+
+func TestJSONSocketWithEnableValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	preserveJSONSocketTestState(t)
+
+	require.NoError(t, serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Set("enable-json-socket", "true"))
+	require.NoError(t, serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Set("json-socket", "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080"))
+
+	assert.NoError(t, validateJSONSocketFlags())
+}
+
+func TestJSONSocketServiceParamsPersistEnableAndAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	preserveJSONSocketTestState(t)
+	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
+		flag.Changed = false
+	})
+
+	enableJSONSocket = true
+	jsonSocket = "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080"
+
+	params := currentServiceParams()
+	require.True(t, params.EnableJSONSocket)
+	require.Equal(t, "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080", params.JSONSocket)
+
+	enableJSONSocket = false
+	jsonSocket = defaultJSONSocket
+	applyServiceParams(testServiceEnvCommand(), params)
+
+	assert.True(t, enableJSONSocket)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080", jsonSocket)
+}
+
+func TestRemoveStaleUnixSocketDoesNotRemoveRegularFile(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "netbird-http.sock")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("not a socket"), 0600))
+
+	removeStaleUnixSocket(path)
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte("not a socket"), data)
+}
+
+func TestRemoveStaleUnixSocketRemovesSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("unix sockets are not available on Windows")
+	}
+
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "netbird-http.sock")
+	addr := &net.UnixAddr{Name: path, Net: "unix"}
+	listener, err := net.ListenUnix("unix", addr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	listener.SetUnlinkOnClose(false)
+	require.NoError(t, listener.Close())
+
+	_, err = os.Lstat(path)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "test setup must leave a stale Unix socket path")
+
+	removeStaleUnixSocket(path)
+
+	_, err = os.Lstat(path)
+	assert.True(t, os.IsNotExist(err), "expected stale Unix socket to be removed, got %v", err)
+}
+
+func TestRemoveStaleUnixSocketDoesNotRemoveLiveSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("unix sockets are not available on Windows")
+	}
+
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "netbird-http.sock")
+	listener, err := net.Listen("unix", path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer listener.Close()
+
+	removeStaleUnixSocket(path)
+
+	_, err = os.Lstat(path)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "expected live Unix socket to be preserved")
+}
+
+func testServiceEnvCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.Flags().StringSlice("service-env", nil, "")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func indexOfArg(args []string, arg string) int {
+	for i, candidate := range args {
+		if candidate == arg {
+			return i
+		}
+	}
+	return -1
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_params.go b/client/cmd/service_params.go
index 5a86aebc6..750b22ae6 100644
--- a/client/cmd/service_params.go
+++ b/client/cmd/service_params.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/configs"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
@@ -23,12 +24,15 @@ const serviceParamsFile = "service.json"
 type serviceParams struct {
 	LogLevel              string            `json:"log_level"`
 	DaemonAddr            string            `json:"daemon_addr"`
+	JSONSocket            string            `json:"json_socket"`
 	ManagementURL         string            `json:"management_url,omitempty"`
 	ConfigPath            string            `json:"config_path,omitempty"`
 	LogFiles              []string          `json:"log_files,omitempty"`
 	DisableProfiles       bool              `json:"disable_profiles,omitempty"`
 	DisableUpdateSettings bool              `json:"disable_update_settings,omitempty"`
+	EnableCapture         bool              `json:"enable_capture,omitempty"`
 	DisableNetworks       bool              `json:"disable_networks,omitempty"`
+	EnableJSONSocket      bool              `json:"enable_json_socket,omitempty"`
 	ServiceEnvVars        map[string]string `json:"service_env_vars,omitempty"`
 }
 
@@ -74,12 +78,15 @@ func currentServiceParams() *serviceParams {
 	params := &serviceParams{
 		LogLevel:              logLevel,
 		DaemonAddr:            daemonAddr,
+		JSONSocket:            jsonSocket,
 		ManagementURL:         managementURL,
 		ConfigPath:            configPath,
 		LogFiles:              logFiles,
 		DisableProfiles:       profilesDisabled,
 		DisableUpdateSettings: updateSettingsDisabled,
+		EnableCapture:         captureEnabled,
 		DisableNetworks:       networksDisabled,
+		EnableJSONSocket:      enableJSONSocket,
 	}
 
 	if len(serviceEnvVars) > 0 {
@@ -111,15 +118,29 @@ func applyServiceParams(cmd *cobra.Command, params *serviceParams) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// For fields with non-empty defaults (log-level, daemon-addr), keep the
-	// != "" guard so that an older service.json missing the field doesn't
-	// clobber the default with an empty string.
+	// For fields with non-empty defaults, keep the != "" guard so that an older
+	// service.json missing the field doesn't clobber the default with an empty string.
 	if !rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed("log-level") && params.LogLevel != "" {
 		logLevel = params.LogLevel
 	}
 
 	if !rootCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed("daemon-addr") && params.DaemonAddr != "" {
 		daemonAddr = params.DaemonAddr
+		// An install that predates named-pipe support has the loopback TCP
+		// address saved. Callers carry no identity over TCP, so move it to the
+		// pipe instead of restoring a socket the daemon cannot authorize on.
+		if migrated, ok := daemonaddr.MigrateLegacy(daemonAddr); ok {
+			cmd.Printf("Moving the saved daemon address from %s to %s so the daemon can identify its callers\n", daemonAddr, migrated)
+			daemonAddr = migrated
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed("json-socket") && params.JSONSocket != "" {
+		jsonSocket = params.JSONSocket
+	}
+
+	if !serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed("enable-json-socket") {
+		enableJSONSocket = params.EnableJSONSocket
 	}
 
 	// For optional fields where empty means "use default", always apply so
@@ -144,6 +165,10 @@ func applyServiceParams(cmd *cobra.Command, params *serviceParams) {
 		updateSettingsDisabled = params.DisableUpdateSettings
 	}
 
+	if !serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed("enable-capture") {
+		captureEnabled = params.EnableCapture
+	}
+
 	if !serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().Changed("disable-networks") {
 		networksDisabled = params.DisableNetworks
 	}
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_params_test.go b/client/cmd/service_params_test.go
index 7e04e5abe..94f98a0ce 100644
--- a/client/cmd/service_params_test.go
+++ b/client/cmd/service_params_test.go
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ func TestSaveAndLoadServiceParams(t *testing.T) {
 	params := &serviceParams{
 		LogLevel:              "debug",
 		DaemonAddr:            "unix:///var/run/netbird.sock",
+		JSONSocket:            "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080",
+		EnableJSONSocket:      true,
 		ManagementURL:         "https://my.server.com",
 		ConfigPath:            "/etc/netbird/config.json",
 		LogFiles:              []string{"/var/log/netbird/client.log", "console"},
@@ -63,6 +65,8 @@ func TestSaveAndLoadServiceParams(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, params.LogLevel, loaded.LogLevel)
 	assert.Equal(t, params.DaemonAddr, loaded.DaemonAddr)
+	assert.Equal(t, params.JSONSocket, loaded.JSONSocket)
+	assert.Equal(t, params.EnableJSONSocket, loaded.EnableJSONSocket)
 	assert.Equal(t, params.ManagementURL, loaded.ManagementURL)
 	assert.Equal(t, params.ConfigPath, loaded.ConfigPath)
 	assert.Equal(t, params.LogFiles, loaded.LogFiles)
@@ -101,6 +105,8 @@ func TestLoadServiceParams_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCurrentServiceParams(t *testing.T) {
 	origLogLevel := logLevel
 	origDaemonAddr := daemonAddr
+	origJSONSocket := jsonSocket
+	origEnableJSONSocket := enableJSONSocket
 	origManagementURL := managementURL
 	origConfigPath := configPath
 	origLogFiles := logFiles
@@ -110,6 +116,8 @@ func TestCurrentServiceParams(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		logLevel = origLogLevel
 		daemonAddr = origDaemonAddr
+		jsonSocket = origJSONSocket
+		enableJSONSocket = origEnableJSONSocket
 		managementURL = origManagementURL
 		configPath = origConfigPath
 		logFiles = origLogFiles
@@ -120,6 +128,8 @@ func TestCurrentServiceParams(t *testing.T) {
 
 	logLevel = "trace"
 	daemonAddr = "tcp://127.0.0.1:9999"
+	jsonSocket = "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080"
+	enableJSONSocket = true
 	managementURL = "https://mgmt.example.com"
 	configPath = "/tmp/test-config.json"
 	logFiles = []string{"/tmp/test.log"}
@@ -131,6 +141,8 @@ func TestCurrentServiceParams(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, "trace", params.LogLevel)
 	assert.Equal(t, "tcp://127.0.0.1:9999", params.DaemonAddr)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080", params.JSONSocket)
+	assert.True(t, params.EnableJSONSocket)
 	assert.Equal(t, "https://mgmt.example.com", params.ManagementURL)
 	assert.Equal(t, "/tmp/test-config.json", params.ConfigPath)
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"/tmp/test.log"}, params.LogFiles)
@@ -142,6 +154,8 @@ func TestCurrentServiceParams(t *testing.T) {
 func TestApplyServiceParams_OnlyUnchangedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	origLogLevel := logLevel
 	origDaemonAddr := daemonAddr
+	origJSONSocket := jsonSocket
+	origEnableJSONSocket := enableJSONSocket
 	origManagementURL := managementURL
 	origConfigPath := configPath
 	origLogFiles := logFiles
@@ -151,6 +165,8 @@ func TestApplyServiceParams_OnlyUnchangedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		logLevel = origLogLevel
 		daemonAddr = origDaemonAddr
+		jsonSocket = origJSONSocket
+		enableJSONSocket = origEnableJSONSocket
 		managementURL = origManagementURL
 		configPath = origConfigPath
 		logFiles = origLogFiles
@@ -162,6 +178,8 @@ func TestApplyServiceParams_OnlyUnchangedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	// Reset all flags to defaults.
 	logLevel = "info"
 	daemonAddr = "unix:///var/run/netbird.sock"
+	jsonSocket = defaultJSONSocket
+	enableJSONSocket = false
 	managementURL = ""
 	configPath = "/etc/netbird/config.json"
 	logFiles = []string{"/var/log/netbird/client.log"}
@@ -184,6 +202,8 @@ func TestApplyServiceParams_OnlyUnchangedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	saved := &serviceParams{
 		LogLevel:              "debug",
 		DaemonAddr:            "tcp://127.0.0.1:5555",
+		JSONSocket:            "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080",
+		EnableJSONSocket:      true,
 		ManagementURL:         "https://saved.example.com",
 		ConfigPath:            "/saved/config.json",
 		LogFiles:              []string{"/saved/client.log"},
@@ -201,6 +221,8 @@ func TestApplyServiceParams_OnlyUnchangedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// All other fields were not Changed, so they should use saved values.
 	assert.Equal(t, "tcp://127.0.0.1:5555", daemonAddr)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tcp://127.0.0.1:8080", jsonSocket)
+	assert.True(t, enableJSONSocket)
 	assert.Equal(t, "https://saved.example.com", managementURL)
 	assert.Equal(t, "/saved/config.json", configPath)
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"/saved/client.log"}, logFiles)
@@ -212,14 +234,17 @@ func TestApplyServiceParams_OnlyUnchangedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 func TestApplyServiceParams_BooleanRevertToFalse(t *testing.T) {
 	origProfilesDisabled := profilesDisabled
 	origUpdateSettingsDisabled := updateSettingsDisabled
+	origEnableJSONSocket := enableJSONSocket
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		profilesDisabled = origProfilesDisabled
 		updateSettingsDisabled = origUpdateSettingsDisabled
+		enableJSONSocket = origEnableJSONSocket
 	})
 
 	// Simulate current state where booleans are true (e.g. set by previous install).
 	profilesDisabled = true
 	updateSettingsDisabled = true
+	enableJSONSocket = true
 
 	// Reset Changed state so flags appear unset.
 	serviceCmd.PersistentFlags().VisitAll(func(f *pflag.Flag) {
@@ -238,6 +263,7 @@ func TestApplyServiceParams_BooleanRevertToFalse(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.False(t, profilesDisabled, "saved false should override current true")
 	assert.False(t, updateSettingsDisabled, "saved false should override current true")
+	assert.False(t, enableJSONSocket, "saved false should override current true")
 }
 
 func TestApplyServiceParams_ClearManagementURL(t *testing.T) {
@@ -530,12 +556,15 @@ func fieldToGlobalVar(field string) string {
 	m := map[string]string{
 		"LogLevel":              "logLevel",
 		"DaemonAddr":            "daemonAddr",
+		"JSONSocket":            "jsonSocket",
 		"ManagementURL":         "managementURL",
 		"ConfigPath":            "configPath",
 		"LogFiles":              "logFiles",
 		"DisableProfiles":       "profilesDisabled",
 		"DisableUpdateSettings": "updateSettingsDisabled",
+		"EnableCapture":         "captureEnabled",
 		"DisableNetworks":       "networksDisabled",
+		"EnableJSONSocket":      "enableJSONSocket",
 		"ServiceEnvVars":        "serviceEnvVars",
 	}
 	if v, ok := m[field]; ok {
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_pipe_other.go b/client/cmd/service_pipe_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7cc72469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/service_pipe_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+)
+
+// listenNamedPipe is Windows-only: no other platform serves the daemon on a
+// named pipe.
+func listenNamedPipe(string) (net.Listener, string, error) {
+	return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("named pipes are only supported on Windows")
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_pipe_windows.go b/client/cmd/service_pipe_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6e860f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/service_pipe_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+)
+
+// listenNamedPipe creates the daemon control pipe and reports the path it ended
+// up on. The security descriptor lets any local caller connect, as a Unix socket
+// at 0666 does, and the privileged operations are authorized separately from the
+// caller's token.
+//
+// The protected name comes first so that an unprivileged process cannot take the
+// name before the service does. Creating it requires being an administrator or
+// LocalSystem, so a daemon an ordinary user runs themselves, as in netstack mode,
+// falls back to the plain name; clients try both and check who serves them.
+func listenNamedPipe(name string) (net.Listener, string, error) {
+	var errs []error
+	for _, path := range daemonaddr.PipePaths(name) {
+		listener, err := winio.ListenPipe(path, &winio.PipeConfig{
+			SecurityDescriptor: ipcauth.DefaultPipeSDDL(),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("not serving the daemon on %s: %v", path, err)
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", path, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		return listener, path, nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, "", errors.Join(errs...)
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_privileged_test.go b/client/cmd/service_privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..075d7f378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/service_privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/kardianos/service"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+const (
+	serviceStartTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+	serviceStopTimeout  = 5 * time.Second
+	statusPollInterval  = 500 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+// waitForServiceStatus waits for service to reach expected status with timeout
+func waitForServiceStatus(expectedStatus service.Status, timeout time.Duration) (bool, error) {
+	cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	ctx, timeoutCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer timeoutCancel()
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(statusPollInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for service status %v", expectedStatus)
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			status, err := s.Status()
+			if err != nil {
+				// Continue polling on transient errors
+				continue
+			}
+			if status == expectedStatus {
+				return true, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestServiceLifecycle tests the complete service lifecycle
+func TestServiceLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	// TODO: Add support for Windows and macOS
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {
+		t.Skipf("Skipping service lifecycle test on unsupported OS: %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	}
+
+	if os.Getenv("CONTAINER") == "true" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping service lifecycle test in container environment")
+	}
+
+	originalServiceName := serviceName
+	serviceName = "netbirdtest" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().Unix())
+	defer func() {
+		serviceName = originalServiceName
+	}()
+
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath = fmt.Sprintf("%s/netbird-test-config.json", tempDir)
+	logLevel = "info"
+	daemonAddr = fmt.Sprintf("unix://%s/netbird-test.sock", tempDir)
+
+	// Ensure cleanup even if a subtest fails and Stop/Uninstall subtests don't run.
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("cleanup: create service config: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("cleanup: create service: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// If the subtests already cleaned up, there's nothing to do.
+		if _, err := s.Status(); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		if err := s.Stop(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("cleanup: stop service: %v", err)
+		}
+		if err := s.Uninstall(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("cleanup: uninstall service: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	t.Run("Install", func(t *testing.T) {
+		installCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := installCmd.RunE(installCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+
+		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		status, err := s.Status()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, service.StatusUnknown, status)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Start", func(t *testing.T) {
+		startCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := startCmd.RunE(startCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, running)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Restart", func(t *testing.T) {
+		restartCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := restartCmd.RunE(restartCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, running)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Reconfigure", func(t *testing.T) {
+		originalLogLevel := logLevel
+		logLevel = "debug"
+		defer func() {
+			logLevel = originalLogLevel
+		}()
+
+		reconfigureCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := reconfigureCmd.RunE(reconfigureCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, running)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Stop", func(t *testing.T) {
+		stopCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := stopCmd.RunE(stopCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		stopped, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusStopped, serviceStopTimeout)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, stopped)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Uninstall", func(t *testing.T) {
+		uninstallCmd.SetContext(ctx)
+		err := uninstallCmd.RunE(uninstallCmd, []string{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+
+		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		_, err = s.Status()
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_socket.go b/client/cmd/service_socket.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf3122f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/service_socket.go
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+//go:build !ios && !android
+
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type socketListener struct {
+	net.Listener
+	network string
+	address string
+}
+
+func listenOnAddress(addr string) (*socketListener, error) {
+	network, address, err := parseListenAddress(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if network == "npipe" {
+		listener, path, err := listenNamedPipe(address) //nolint:staticcheck
+		if err != nil {                                 //nolint:staticcheck // always errors on non-Windows builds
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return &socketListener{Listener: listener, network: network, address: path}, nil
+	}
+
+	if network == "unix" {
+		removeStaleUnixSocket(address)
+	}
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen(network, address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &socketListener{Listener: listener, network: network, address: address}, nil
+}
+
+func parseListenAddress(addr string) (string, string, error) {
+	network, address, ok := strings.Cut(addr, "://")
+	if !ok || network == "" || address == "" {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("address must be in [unix|tcp|npipe]://[path|host:port|name] format: %q", addr)
+	}
+
+	switch network {
+	case "unix", "tcp", "npipe":
+		return network, address, nil
+	default:
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported daemon address protocol: %v", network)
+	}
+}
+
+func removeStaleUnixSocket(path string) {
+	stat, err := os.Lstat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			log.Debugf("stat socket file: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if stat.Mode()&os.ModeSocket == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !isStaleUnixSocket(path) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("remove socket file: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func isStaleUnixSocket(path string) bool {
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("unix", path, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	if err == nil {
+		if closeErr := conn.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close unix socket probe: %v", closeErr)
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) || os.IsPermission(err) || os.IsTimeout(err) {
+		log.Debugf("not removing unix socket %s after probe error: %v", path, err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return errors.Is(err, syscall.ECONNREFUSED)
+}
+
+func removeStaleUnixSocketForAddress(addr string) {
+	network, address, err := parseListenAddress(addr)
+	if err != nil || network != "unix" {
+		return
+	}
+	removeStaleUnixSocket(address)
+}
+
+func (l *socketListener) chmodUnixSocket(description string) error {
+	if l == nil || l.network != "unix" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Chmod(l.address, 0666); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed setting %s permissions for %s: %w", description, l.address, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/service_test.go b/client/cmd/service_test.go
index ce6f71550..22eba206d 100644
--- a/client/cmd/service_test.go
+++ b/client/cmd/service_test.go
@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"runtime"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/kardianos/service"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
@@ -31,186 +27,6 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	os.Exit(m.Run())
 }
 
-const (
-	serviceStartTimeout = 10 * time.Second
-	serviceStopTimeout  = 5 * time.Second
-	statusPollInterval  = 500 * time.Millisecond
-)
-
-// waitForServiceStatus waits for service to reach expected status with timeout
-func waitForServiceStatus(expectedStatus service.Status, timeout time.Duration) (bool, error) {
-	cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	ctx, timeoutCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
-	defer timeoutCancel()
-
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(statusPollInterval)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return false, fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for service status %v", expectedStatus)
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			status, err := s.Status()
-			if err != nil {
-				// Continue polling on transient errors
-				continue
-			}
-			if status == expectedStatus {
-				return true, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// TestServiceLifecycle tests the complete service lifecycle
-func TestServiceLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
-	// TODO: Add support for Windows and macOS
-	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {
-		t.Skipf("Skipping service lifecycle test on unsupported OS: %s", runtime.GOOS)
-	}
-
-	if os.Getenv("CONTAINER") == "true" {
-		t.Skip("Skipping service lifecycle test in container environment")
-	}
-
-	originalServiceName := serviceName
-	serviceName = "netbirdtest" + fmt.Sprintf("%d", time.Now().Unix())
-	defer func() {
-		serviceName = originalServiceName
-	}()
-
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-	configPath = fmt.Sprintf("%s/netbird-test-config.json", tempDir)
-	logLevel = "info"
-	daemonAddr = fmt.Sprintf("unix://%s/netbird-test.sock", tempDir)
-
-	// Ensure cleanup even if a subtest fails and Stop/Uninstall subtests don't run.
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("cleanup: create service config: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		defer cancel()
-		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("cleanup: create service: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		// If the subtests already cleaned up, there's nothing to do.
-		if _, err := s.Status(); err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		if err := s.Stop(); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("cleanup: stop service: %v", err)
-		}
-		if err := s.Uninstall(); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("cleanup: uninstall service: %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	t.Run("Install", func(t *testing.T) {
-		installCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := installCmd.RunE(installCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		defer cancel()
-
-		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		status, err := s.Status()
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotEqual(t, service.StatusUnknown, status)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Start", func(t *testing.T) {
-		startCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := startCmd.RunE(startCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, running)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Restart", func(t *testing.T) {
-		restartCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := restartCmd.RunE(restartCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, running)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Reconfigure", func(t *testing.T) {
-		originalLogLevel := logLevel
-		logLevel = "debug"
-		defer func() {
-			logLevel = originalLogLevel
-		}()
-
-		reconfigureCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := reconfigureCmd.RunE(reconfigureCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		running, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusRunning, serviceStartTimeout)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, running)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Stop", func(t *testing.T) {
-		stopCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := stopCmd.RunE(stopCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		stopped, err := waitForServiceStatus(service.StatusStopped, serviceStopTimeout)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, stopped)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Uninstall", func(t *testing.T) {
-		uninstallCmd.SetContext(ctx)
-		err := uninstallCmd.RunE(uninstallCmd, []string{})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		cfg, err := newSVCConfig()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		ctxSvc, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		defer cancel()
-
-		s, err := newSVC(newProgram(ctxSvc, cancel), cfg)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		_, err = s.Status()
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-}
-
 // TestServiceEnvVars tests environment variable parsing
 func TestServiceEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
diff --git a/client/cmd/ssh.go b/client/cmd/ssh.go
index 0acf0b133..d6e052e08 100644
--- a/client/cmd/ssh.go
+++ b/client/cmd/ssh.go
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ func parseHostnameAndCommand(args []string) error {
 }
 
 func runSSH(ctx context.Context, addr string, cmd *cobra.Command) error {
-	target := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", addr, port)
+	target := net.JoinHostPort(strings.Trim(addr, "[]"), strconv.Itoa(port))
 	c, err := sshclient.Dial(ctx, target, username, sshclient.DialOptions{
 		KnownHostsFile:     knownHostsFile,
 		IdentityFile:       identityFile,
@@ -787,10 +787,10 @@ func isUnixSocket(path string) bool {
 	return strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") || strings.HasPrefix(path, "./")
 }
 
-// normalizeLocalHost converts "*" to "0.0.0.0" for binding to all interfaces.
+// normalizeLocalHost converts "*" to "" for binding to all interfaces (dual-stack).
 func normalizeLocalHost(host string) string {
 	if host == "*" {
-		return "0.0.0.0"
+		return ""
 	}
 	return host
 }
diff --git a/client/cmd/ssh_test.go b/client/cmd/ssh_test.go
index 43291fa87..16ffadb90 100644
--- a/client/cmd/ssh_test.go
+++ b/client/cmd/ssh_test.go
@@ -527,10 +527,10 @@ func TestParsePortForward(t *testing.T) {
 		{
 			name:           "wildcard bind all interfaces",
 			spec:           "*:8080:localhost:80",
-			expectedLocal:  "0.0.0.0:8080",
+			expectedLocal:  ":8080",
 			expectedRemote: "localhost:80",
 			expectError:    false,
-			description:    "Wildcard * should bind to all interfaces (0.0.0.0)",
+			description:    "Wildcard * should bind to all interfaces (dual-stack)",
 		},
 		{
 			name:           "wildcard for port only",
diff --git a/client/cmd/status.go b/client/cmd/status.go
index c35a06eb3..f2e5bcc66 100644
--- a/client/cmd/status.go
+++ b/client/cmd/status.go
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	nbstatus "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/status"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 var (
 	detailFlag           bool
 	ipv4Flag             bool
+	ipv6Flag             bool
 	jsonFlag             bool
 	yamlFlag             bool
 	ipsFilter            []string
@@ -42,15 +43,16 @@ func init() {
 	ipsFilterMap = make(map[string]struct{})
 	prefixNamesFilterMap = make(map[string]struct{})
 	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&detailFlag, "detail", "d", false, "display detailed status information in human-readable format")
-	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&jsonFlag, "json", false, "display detailed status information in json format")
-	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&yamlFlag, "yaml", false, "display detailed status information in yaml format")
-	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&ipv4Flag, "ipv4", false, "display only NetBird IPv4 of this peer, e.g., --ipv4 will output 100.64.0.33")
-	statusCmd.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive("detail", "json", "yaml", "ipv4")
-	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVar(&ipsFilter, "filter-by-ips", []string{}, "filters the detailed output by a list of one or more IPs, e.g., --filter-by-ips 100.64.0.100,100.64.0.200")
-	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVar(&prefixNamesFilter, "filter-by-names", []string{}, "filters the detailed output by a list of one or more peer FQDN or hostnames, e.g., --filter-by-names peer-a,peer-b.netbird.cloud")
-	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&statusFilter, "filter-by-status", "", "filters the detailed output by connection status(idle|connecting|connected), e.g., --filter-by-status connected")
-	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&connectionTypeFilter, "filter-by-connection-type", "", "filters the detailed output by connection type (P2P|Relayed), e.g., --filter-by-connection-type P2P")
-	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&checkFlag, "check", "", "run a health check and exit with code 0 on success, 1 on failure (live|ready|startup)")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&jsonFlag, "json", "j", false, "display detailed status information in json format")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&yamlFlag, "yaml", "y", false, "display detailed status information in yaml format")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&ipv4Flag, "ipv4", "4", false, "display only NetBird IPv4 of this peer, e.g., --ipv4 will output 100.64.0.33")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&ipv6Flag, "ipv6", "6", false, "display only NetBird IPv6 of this peer")
+	statusCmd.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive("detail", "json", "yaml", "ipv4", "ipv6")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVarP(&ipsFilter, "filter-by-ips", "I", []string{}, "filters the detailed output by a list of one or more IPs (v4 or v6), e.g., --filter-by-ips 100.64.0.100,fd00::1")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringSliceVarP(&prefixNamesFilter, "filter-by-names", "N", []string{}, "filters the detailed output by a list of one or more peer FQDN or hostnames, e.g., --filter-by-names peer-a,peer-b.netbird.cloud")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&statusFilter, "filter-by-status", "S", "", "filters the detailed output by connection status(idle|connecting|connected), e.g., --filter-by-status connected")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&connectionTypeFilter, "filter-by-connection-type", "T", "", "filters the detailed output by connection type (P2P|Relayed), e.g., --filter-by-connection-type P2P")
+	statusCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&checkFlag, "check", "C", "", "run a health check and exit with code 0 on success, 1 on failure (live|ready|startup)")
 }
 
 func statusFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -101,14 +103,32 @@ func statusFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
-	var profName string
-	if activeProf, err := pm.GetActiveProfile(); err == nil {
-		profName = activeProf.Name
+	if ipv6Flag {
+		ipv6 := resp.GetFullStatus().GetLocalPeerState().GetIpv6()
+		if ipv6 != "" {
+			cmd.Print(parseInterfaceIP(ipv6))
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Resolve the active profile's display name via the daemon, which runs
+	// as root and can read the per-user profile files. The local profile
+	// manager only knows the active profile ID, not its display name.
+	profName := getActiveProfileName(ctx)
+
+	var sessionExpiresAt time.Time
+	if ts := resp.GetSessionExpiresAt(); ts.IsValid() {
+		sessionExpiresAt = ts.AsTime().UTC()
+	}
+
+	anonymizeEnabled, anonymizeLevel, err := effectiveAnonymize()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	var outputInformationHolder = nbstatus.ConvertToStatusOutputOverview(resp.GetFullStatus(), nbstatus.ConvertOptions{
-		Anonymize:            anonymizeFlag,
+		Anonymize:            anonymizeEnabled,
+		AnonymizeLevel:       anonymizeLevel,
 		DaemonVersion:        resp.GetDaemonVersion(),
 		DaemonStatus:         nbstatus.ParseDaemonStatus(status),
 		StatusFilter:         statusFilter,
@@ -117,6 +137,7 @@ func statusFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		IPsFilter:            ipsFilterMap,
 		ConnectionTypeFilter: connectionTypeFilter,
 		ProfileName:          profName,
+		SessionExpiresAt:     sessionExpiresAt,
 	})
 	var statusOutputString string
 	switch {
@@ -157,6 +178,25 @@ func getStatus(ctx context.Context, fullPeerStatus bool, shouldRunProbes bool) (
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
+// getActiveProfileName asks the daemon for the active profile's display
+// name. The daemon runs as root and can read the per-user profile files to
+// resolve the ID to its human-readable name. Returns an empty string on any
+// error so status output degrades gracefully.
+func getActiveProfileName(ctx context.Context) string {
+	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(ctx, daemonAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	resp, err := proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn).GetActiveProfile(ctx, &proto.GetActiveProfileRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return resp.GetProfileName()
+}
+
 func parseFilters() error {
 	switch strings.ToLower(statusFilter) {
 	case "", "idle", "connecting", "connected":
diff --git a/client/cmd/system.go b/client/cmd/system.go
index f63432401..b386fe4ae 100644
--- a/client/cmd/system.go
+++ b/client/cmd/system.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ const (
 	disableFirewallFlag     = "disable-firewall"
 	blockLANAccessFlag      = "block-lan-access"
 	blockInboundFlag        = "block-inbound"
+	disableIPv6Flag         = "disable-ipv6"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ var (
 	disableFirewall     bool
 	blockLANAccess      bool
 	blockInbound        bool
+	disableIPv6         bool
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -39,4 +41,7 @@ func init() {
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&blockInbound, blockInboundFlag, false,
 		"Block inbound connections. If enabled, the client will not allow any inbound connections to the local machine nor routed networks.\n"+
 			"This overrides any policies received from the management service.")
+
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&disableIPv6, disableIPv6Flag, false,
+		"Disable IPv6 overlay. If enabled, the client won't request or use an IPv6 overlay address.")
 }
diff --git a/client/cmd/testutil_test.go b/client/cmd/testutil_test.go
index 095a108ff..d78758a45 100644
--- a/client/cmd/testutil_test.go
+++ b/client/cmd/testutil_test.go
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *config.Config, testFile string) (*grp
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	iv, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(ctx, peersmanager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
+	iv, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(ctx, peersmanager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
 
 	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *config.Config, testFile string) (*grp
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := mgmt.NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersmanager), config)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersmanager), config, nil)
 
 	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(ctx, config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, iv, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock, false, cacheStore)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T, config *config.Config, testFile string) (*grp
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil)
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ func startClientDaemon(
 	s := grpc.NewServer()
 
 	server := client.New(ctx,
-		"", "", false, false, false)
+		"", "", false, false, false, false)
 	if err := server.Start(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
diff --git a/client/cmd/up.go b/client/cmd/up.go
index f5766522a..f5fac9749 100644
--- a/client/cmd/up.go
+++ b/client/cmd/up.go
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"os/user"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
@@ -39,15 +42,21 @@ const (
 	noBrowserFlag = "no-browser"
 	noBrowserDesc = "do not open the browser for SSO login"
 
+	showQRFlag = "qr"
+	showQRDesc = "show QR code for the SSO login URL (useful for headless machines without browser access)"
+
 	profileNameFlag = "profile"
 	profileNameDesc = "profile name to use for the login. If not specified, the last used profile will be used."
 )
 
+var errDaemonActiveProfileUnsupported = errors.New("daemon does not support active profile lookup")
+
 var (
 	foregroundMode     bool
 	dnsLabels          []string
 	dnsLabelsValidated domain.List
 	noBrowser          bool
+	showQR             bool
 	profileName        string
 	configPath         string
 
@@ -80,6 +89,7 @@ func init() {
 	)
 
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&noBrowser, noBrowserFlag, false, noBrowserDesc)
+	upCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&showQR, showQRFlag, false, showQRDesc)
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&profileName, profileNameFlag, "", profileNameDesc)
 	upCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&configPath, "config", "c", "", "(DEPRECATED) NetBird config file location. ")
 
@@ -115,30 +125,25 @@ func upFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
 
-	username, err := user.Current()
+	username, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	var activeProf *profilemanager.Profile
 	var profileSwitched bool
 	// switch profile if provided
 	if profileName != "" {
-		err = switchProfile(cmd.Context(), profileName, username.Username)
+		activeProf, err = switchOrCreateProfile(cmd.Context(), pm, profileName, username.Username)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("switch profile: %v", err)
 		}
-
-		err = pm.SwitchProfile(profileName)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("switch profile: %v", err)
-		}
-
 		profileSwitched = true
-	}
-
-	activeProf, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
+	} else {
+		activeProf, err = pm.GetActiveProfile()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if foregroundMode {
@@ -147,6 +152,54 @@ func upFunc(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return runInDaemonMode(ctx, cmd, pm, activeProf, profileSwitched)
 }
 
+// switchOrCreateProfile switches the active profile to the one identified by
+// handle, creating it first when it does not exist yet. This restores the
+// pre-0.73 behaviour where `netbird up --profile <name>` auto-creates a
+// missing profile instead of failing. Returns the daemon-resolved profile so
+// callers act on it directly instead of re-reading the local state, which is
+// not updated under sudo.
+func switchOrCreateProfile(ctx context.Context, pm *profilemanager.ProfileManager, handle, username string) (*profilemanager.Profile, error) {
+	resolvedID, err := switchProfile(ctx, handle, username)
+	if err != nil {
+		st, ok := gstatus.FromError(err)
+		if !ok || st.Code() != codes.NotFound {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// Don't fail immediately on a create error: a concurrent run may
+		// have created the profile between the NotFound above and this
+		// call, in which case the retried switch still succeeds. Only
+		// surface the create error if the switch also fails.
+		_, createErr := createProfile(ctx, handle, username)
+		if resolvedID, err = switchProfile(ctx, handle, username); err != nil {
+			if createErr != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("create profile: %w", createErr)
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := pm.SwitchProfile(resolvedID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &profilemanager.Profile{ID: resolvedID}, nil
+}
+
+// createProfile dials the daemon and creates a new profile with the given
+// display name, returning its generated ID. Use addProfileOnDaemon directly
+// when a daemon client is already available to reuse the connection.
+func createProfile(ctx context.Context, profileName, username string) (profilemanager.ID, error) {
+	conn, err := DialClientGRPCServer(ctx, daemonAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		//nolint
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to daemon error: %v\n"+
+			"If the daemon is not running please run: "+
+			"\nnetbird service install \nnetbird service start\n", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	return addProfileOnDaemon(ctx, proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn), profileName, username)
+}
+
 func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, activeProf *profilemanager.Profile) error {
 	// override the default profile filepath if provided
 	if configPath != "" {
@@ -182,10 +235,32 @@ func runInForegroundMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, activeProf *pr
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get config file: %v", err)
 	}
+	// CLI foreground path runs without the daemon Server: layer in the
+	// active MDM policy explicitly so a forced ManagementURL / PSK /
+	// other managed key actually takes effect on this run.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewLoader(nil).Load())
 
 	_, _ = profilemanager.UpdateOldManagementURL(ctx, config, configFilePath)
 
-	err = foregroundLogin(ctx, cmd, config, providedSetupKey, activeProf.Name)
+	// Restore residual state left by a previous run that did not shut down
+	// cleanly, mirroring what the daemon does before connecting: it recovers
+	// DNS config (a stale resolv.conf takeover can make the management
+	// hostname unresolvable), firewall rules, ssh config and legacy routing.
+	// Route cleanup itself happens at engine start; nbnet.Init() below lets
+	// the management dial bypass a leftover fwmark rule until then.
+	// Foreground mode is particularly exposed in containers: a crashed
+	// container restarts inside the same (pod) network namespace, so stale
+	// state survives while the process does not.
+	if err := server.RestoreResidualState(ctx, profilemanager.NewServiceManager(configPath).GetStatePath()); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to restore residual state: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Enable advanced routing (as the daemon does on startup) so the
+	// management dial bypasses a leftover fwmark rule instead of being
+	// shunted into a stale routing table.
+	nbnet.Init()
+
+	err = foregroundLogin(ctx, cmd, config, providedSetupKey, activeProf.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("foreground login failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -238,6 +313,30 @@ func runInDaemonMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, pm *profilemanager
 		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get daemon status: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	// Under sudo the invoking user's local active-profile mirror is never
+	// written (the SwitchProfile write is a no-op), and plain root has no
+	// invoking user at all — so the mirror read into activeProf above is stale
+	// or defaulted and must not drive the daemon. With no --profile to make the
+	// choice explicit, take the profile the daemon already holds for this user
+	// instead: it stays on the user's current profile rather than silently
+	// switching to the mirror's default, and refuses when the daemon is on
+	// another user's profile.
+	if profileName == "" && !profilemanager.MirrorIsAuthoritative() {
+		u, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
+		}
+		resolved, err := daemonActiveProfileForUser(ctx, client, u.Username)
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, errDaemonActiveProfileUnsupported):
+			log.Warnf("keeping the locally resolved profile: %v", err)
+		case err != nil:
+			return err
+		default:
+			activeProf = resolved
+		}
+	}
+
 	if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
 		if !profileSwitched {
 			cmd.Println("Already connected")
@@ -250,18 +349,18 @@ func runInDaemonMode(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, pm *profilemanager
 		}
 	}
 
-	username, err := user.Current()
+	username, err := profilemanager.InvokingUser()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// set the new config
-	req := setupSetConfigReq(customDNSAddressConverted, cmd, activeProf.Name, username.Username)
+	req := setupSetConfigReq(customDNSAddressConverted, cmd, activeProf.ID.String(), username.Username)
 	if _, err := client.SetConfig(ctx, req); err != nil {
 		if st, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && st.Code() == codes.Unavailable {
-			log.Warnf("setConfig method is not available in the daemon")
+			log.Warnf("setConfig method is not available in the daemon: %s", st.Message())
 		} else {
-			return fmt.Errorf("call service setConfig method: %v", err)
+			return daemonCallError("call service setConfig method", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -284,10 +383,11 @@ func doDaemonUp(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, client proto.DaemonServ
 		return fmt.Errorf("setup login request: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	loginRequest.ProfileName = &activeProf.Name
+	profileID := activeProf.ID.String()
+	loginRequest.ProfileName = &profileID
 	loginRequest.Username = &username
 
-	profileState, err := pm.GetProfileState(activeProf.Name)
+	profileState, err := pm.GetProfileState(activeProf.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to get profile state for login hint: %v", err)
 	} else if profileState.Email != "" {
@@ -314,7 +414,7 @@ func doDaemonUp(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, client proto.DaemonServ
 	}
 
 	if loginErr != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", loginErr)
+		return daemonCallError("login failed", loginErr)
 	}
 
 	if loginResp.NeedsSSOLogin {
@@ -324,35 +424,30 @@ func doDaemonUp(ctx context.Context, cmd *cobra.Command, client proto.DaemonServ
 	}
 
 	if _, err := client.Up(ctx, &proto.UpRequest{
-		ProfileName: &activeProf.Name,
+		ProfileName: &profileID,
 		Username:    &username,
 	}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("call service up method: %v", err)
+		return daemonCallError("call service up method", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func setupSetConfigReq(customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command, profileName, username string) *proto.SetConfigRequest {
-	var req proto.SetConfigRequest
-	req.ProfileName = profileName
-	req.Username = username
-
-	req.ManagementUrl = managementURL
-	req.AdminURL = adminURL
-	req.NatExternalIPs = natExternalIPs
-	req.CustomDNSAddress = customDNSAddressConverted
-	req.ExtraIFaceBlacklist = extraIFaceBlackList
-	req.DnsLabels = dnsLabelsValidated.ToPunycodeList()
-	req.CleanDNSLabels = dnsLabels != nil && len(dnsLabels) == 0
-	req.CleanNATExternalIPs = natExternalIPs != nil && len(natExternalIPs) == 0
-
-	if cmd.Flag(enableRosenpassFlag).Changed {
-		req.RosenpassEnabled = &rosenpassEnabled
-	}
-	if cmd.Flag(rosenpassPermissiveFlag).Changed {
-		req.RosenpassPermissive = &rosenpassPermissive
+// setBoolPtrIfChanged points dst at a copy of val when the named bool flag was
+// explicitly set on cmd. It collapses the repeated
+// "if cmd.Flag(x).Changed { field = &val }" pattern in the request builders into
+// a single call, keeping their cognitive complexity within bounds.
+func setBoolPtrIfChanged(cmd *cobra.Command, name string, dst **bool, val bool) {
+	if cmd.Flag(name).Changed {
+		dst2 := val
+		*dst = &dst2
 	}
+}
+
+// setSSHSetConfigFields copies the SSH server flags the user actually
+// passed into req, leaving the rest unset so the daemon keeps the
+// persisted values.
+func setSSHSetConfigFields(req *proto.SetConfigRequest, cmd *cobra.Command) {
 	if cmd.Flag(serverSSHAllowedFlag).Changed {
 		req.ServerSSHAllowed = &serverSSHAllowed
 	}
@@ -375,6 +470,31 @@ func setupSetConfigReq(customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command, pro
 		sshJWTCacheTTL32 := int32(sshJWTCacheTTL)
 		req.SshJWTCacheTTL = &sshJWTCacheTTL32
 	}
+}
+
+func setupSetConfigReq(customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command, profileName, username string) *proto.SetConfigRequest {
+	var req proto.SetConfigRequest
+	req.ProfileName = profileName
+	req.Username = username
+
+	req.ManagementUrl = managementURL
+	req.AdminURL = adminURL
+	req.NatExternalIPs = natExternalIPs
+	req.CustomDNSAddress = customDNSAddressConverted
+	req.ExtraIFaceBlacklist = extraIFaceBlackList
+	req.DnsLabels = dnsLabelsValidated.ToPunycodeList()
+	req.CleanDNSLabels = dnsLabels != nil && len(dnsLabels) == 0
+	req.CleanNATExternalIPs = natExternalIPs != nil && len(natExternalIPs) == 0
+
+	if cmd.Flag(enableRosenpassFlag).Changed {
+		req.RosenpassEnabled = &rosenpassEnabled
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(rosenpassPermissiveFlag).Changed {
+		req.RosenpassPermissive = &rosenpassPermissive
+	}
+	setSSHSetConfigFields(&req, cmd)
+	setBoolPtrIfChanged(cmd, remoteJobsAllowedFlag, &req.RemoteJobsAllowed, remoteJobsAllowed)
+
 	if cmd.Flag(interfaceNameFlag).Changed {
 		if err := parseInterfaceName(interfaceName); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("parse interface name: %v", err)
@@ -430,8 +550,15 @@ func setupSetConfigReq(customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command, pro
 		req.BlockInbound = &blockInbound
 	}
 
-	if cmd.Flag(enableLazyConnectionFlag).Changed {
-		req.LazyConnectionEnabled = &lazyConnEnabled
+	if cmd.Flag(disableIPv6Flag).Changed {
+		req.DisableIpv6 = &disableIPv6
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(enableLocalMetricsFlag).Changed {
+		req.EnableLocalMetrics = &localMetricsEnabled
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(localMetricsAddressFlag).Changed {
+		req.LocalMetricsAddress = &localMetricsAddr
 	}
 
 	return &req
@@ -458,6 +585,7 @@ func setupConfig(customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command, configFil
 	if cmd.Flag(serverSSHAllowedFlag).Changed {
 		ic.ServerSSHAllowed = &serverSSHAllowed
 	}
+	setBoolPtrIfChanged(cmd, remoteJobsAllowedFlag, &ic.RemoteJobsAllowed, remoteJobsAllowed)
 
 	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRootFlag).Changed {
 		ic.EnableSSHRoot = &enableSSHRoot
@@ -547,12 +675,49 @@ func setupConfig(customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command, configFil
 		ic.BlockInbound = &blockInbound
 	}
 
-	if cmd.Flag(enableLazyConnectionFlag).Changed {
-		ic.LazyConnectionEnabled = &lazyConnEnabled
+	if cmd.Flag(disableIPv6Flag).Changed {
+		ic.DisableIPv6 = &disableIPv6
 	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(enableLocalMetricsFlag).Changed {
+		ic.LocalMetricsEnabled = &localMetricsEnabled
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(localMetricsAddressFlag).Changed {
+		ic.LocalMetricsAddress = &localMetricsAddr
+	}
+
 	return &ic, nil
 }
 
+// setSSHLoginFields copies the SSH server flags the user actually passed
+// into req, leaving the rest unset so the daemon keeps the persisted
+// values.
+func setSSHLoginFields(req *proto.LoginRequest, cmd *cobra.Command) {
+	if cmd.Flag(serverSSHAllowedFlag).Changed {
+		req.ServerSSHAllowed = &serverSSHAllowed
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRootFlag).Changed {
+		req.EnableSSHRoot = &enableSSHRoot
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHSFTPFlag).Changed {
+		req.EnableSSHSFTP = &enableSSHSFTP
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHLocalPortForwardFlag).Changed {
+		req.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding = &enableSSHLocalPortForward
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRemotePortForwardFlag).Changed {
+		req.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding = &enableSSHRemotePortForward
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(disableSSHAuthFlag).Changed {
+		req.DisableSSHAuth = &disableSSHAuth
+	}
+	if cmd.Flag(sshJWTCacheTTLFlag).Changed {
+		sshJWTCacheTTL32 := int32(sshJWTCacheTTL)
+		req.SshJWTCacheTTL = &sshJWTCacheTTL32
+	}
+}
+
 func setupLoginRequest(providedSetupKey string, customDNSAddressConverted []byte, cmd *cobra.Command) (*proto.LoginRequest, error) {
 	loginRequest := proto.LoginRequest{
 		SetupKey:            providedSetupKey,
@@ -560,7 +725,7 @@ func setupLoginRequest(providedSetupKey string, customDNSAddressConverted []byte
 		NatExternalIPs:      natExternalIPs,
 		CleanNATExternalIPs: natExternalIPs != nil && len(natExternalIPs) == 0,
 		CustomDNSAddress:    customDNSAddressConverted,
-		IsUnixDesktopClient: isUnixRunningDesktop(),
+		IsUnixDesktopClient: util.HasGraphicalSession(),
 		Hostname:            hostName,
 		ExtraIFaceBlacklist: extraIFaceBlackList,
 		DnsLabels:           dnsLabels,
@@ -579,39 +744,21 @@ func setupLoginRequest(providedSetupKey string, customDNSAddressConverted []byte
 		loginRequest.RosenpassPermissive = &rosenpassPermissive
 	}
 
-	if cmd.Flag(serverSSHAllowedFlag).Changed {
-		loginRequest.ServerSSHAllowed = &serverSSHAllowed
-	}
-
-	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRootFlag).Changed {
-		loginRequest.EnableSSHRoot = &enableSSHRoot
-	}
-
-	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHSFTPFlag).Changed {
-		loginRequest.EnableSSHSFTP = &enableSSHSFTP
-	}
-
-	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHLocalPortForwardFlag).Changed {
-		loginRequest.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding = &enableSSHLocalPortForward
-	}
-
-	if cmd.Flag(enableSSHRemotePortForwardFlag).Changed {
-		loginRequest.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding = &enableSSHRemotePortForward
-	}
-
-	if cmd.Flag(disableSSHAuthFlag).Changed {
-		loginRequest.DisableSSHAuth = &disableSSHAuth
-	}
-
-	if cmd.Flag(sshJWTCacheTTLFlag).Changed {
-		sshJWTCacheTTL32 := int32(sshJWTCacheTTL)
-		loginRequest.SshJWTCacheTTL = &sshJWTCacheTTL32
-	}
+	setSSHLoginFields(&loginRequest, cmd)
+	setBoolPtrIfChanged(cmd, remoteJobsAllowedFlag, &loginRequest.RemoteJobsAllowed, remoteJobsAllowed)
 
 	if cmd.Flag(disableAutoConnectFlag).Changed {
 		loginRequest.DisableAutoConnect = &autoConnectDisabled
 	}
 
+	if cmd.Flag(enableLocalMetricsFlag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.EnableLocalMetrics = &localMetricsEnabled
+	}
+
+	if cmd.Flag(localMetricsAddressFlag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.LocalMetricsAddress = &localMetricsAddr
+	}
+
 	if cmd.Flag(interfaceNameFlag).Changed {
 		if err := parseInterfaceName(interfaceName); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -661,9 +808,10 @@ func setupLoginRequest(providedSetupKey string, customDNSAddressConverted []byte
 		loginRequest.BlockInbound = &blockInbound
 	}
 
-	if cmd.Flag(enableLazyConnectionFlag).Changed {
-		loginRequest.LazyConnectionEnabled = &lazyConnEnabled
+	if cmd.Flag(disableIPv6Flag).Changed {
+		loginRequest.DisableIpv6 = &disableIPv6
 	}
+
 	return &loginRequest, nil
 }
 
@@ -782,3 +930,31 @@ func isValidAddrPort(input string) bool {
 	_, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(input)
 	return err == nil
 }
+
+// daemonActiveProfileForUser returns the profile the daemon currently holds for
+// username, for the no --profile case where the local mirror is not
+// authoritative (sudo or plain root). It returns that profile when the daemon
+// owns it for this user or when the profile is unowned (empty username, as on a
+// fresh install), so the caller acts on the daemon's real state instead of the
+// stale mirror. It denies with a --profile hint when the daemon is on another
+// user's profile, when the lookup fails, or when the daemon reports no active
+// profile. Returns errDaemonActiveProfileUnsupported when the daemon predates
+// the RPC; the caller keeps the mirror-derived profile in that case.
+func daemonActiveProfileForUser(ctx context.Context, client proto.DaemonServiceClient, username string) (*profilemanager.Profile, error) {
+	active, err := client.GetActiveProfile(ctx, &proto.GetActiveProfileRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		if st, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && st.Code() == codes.Unimplemented {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", errDaemonActiveProfileUnsupported, err)
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pass --profile to choose the profile explicitly: the daemon's active profile could not be verified: %v", err)
+	}
+	if active.GetId() == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pass --profile to choose the profile explicitly: the daemon reported no active profile")
+	}
+	if active.GetUsername() != "" && active.GetUsername() != username {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
+			"pass --profile to choose the profile explicitly: the daemon's active profile is %q (user %q) but this invocation runs for %q",
+			active.GetProfileName(), active.GetUsername(), username)
+	}
+	return &profilemanager.Profile{ID: profilemanager.ID(active.GetId())}, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/up_daemon_test.go b/client/cmd/up_daemon_test.go
index 682a45365..ea4cdf162 100644
--- a/client/cmd/up_daemon_test.go
+++ b/client/cmd/up_daemon_test.go
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ func TestUpDaemon(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	sm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
-	err = sm.AddProfile("test1", currUser.Username)
+	created, err := sm.AddProfile("test1", currUser.Username)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to add profile: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 
 	err = sm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     "test1",
+		ID:       created.ID,
 		Username: currUser.Username,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/client/cmd/up_test.go b/client/cmd/up_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b5f9fbea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/cmd/up_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+type fakeActiveProfileClient struct {
+	proto.DaemonServiceClient
+	resp *proto.GetActiveProfileResponse
+	err  error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeActiveProfileClient) GetActiveProfile(_ context.Context, _ *proto.GetActiveProfileRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.GetActiveProfileResponse, error) {
+	return f.resp, f.err
+}
+
+func TestDaemonActiveProfileForUserReturnsOwnProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeActiveProfileClient{resp: &proto.GetActiveProfileResponse{Id: "default", ProfileName: "default", Username: "root"}}
+	prof, err := daemonActiveProfileForUser(context.Background(), client, "root")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, prof)
+	assert.Equal(t, profilemanager.ID("default"), prof.ID)
+}
+
+func TestDaemonActiveProfileForUserReturnsUnownedProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeActiveProfileClient{resp: &proto.GetActiveProfileResponse{Id: "default", ProfileName: "default", Username: ""}}
+	prof, err := daemonActiveProfileForUser(context.Background(), client, "root")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, prof)
+	assert.Equal(t, profilemanager.ID("default"), prof.ID)
+}
+
+func TestDaemonActiveProfileForUserKeepsDaemonProfileOverStaleMirror(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeActiveProfileClient{resp: &proto.GetActiveProfileResponse{Id: "ab12", ProfileName: "work", Username: "misha"}}
+	prof, err := daemonActiveProfileForUser(context.Background(), client, "misha")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, prof)
+	assert.Equal(t, profilemanager.ID("ab12"), prof.ID)
+}
+
+func TestDaemonActiveProfileForUserRejectsOtherUsersProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeActiveProfileClient{resp: &proto.GetActiveProfileResponse{Id: "ab12", ProfileName: "work", Username: "misha"}}
+	prof, err := daemonActiveProfileForUser(context.Background(), client, "root")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, prof)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "--profile")
+}
+
+func TestDaemonActiveProfileForUserRejectsOtherUsersDefaultProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeActiveProfileClient{resp: &proto.GetActiveProfileResponse{Id: "default", ProfileName: "default", Username: "misha"}}
+	prof, err := daemonActiveProfileForUser(context.Background(), client, "root")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, prof)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "--profile")
+}
+
+func TestDaemonActiveProfileForUserRejectsLookupError(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeActiveProfileClient{err: gstatus.Error(codes.Internal, "boom")}
+	prof, err := daemonActiveProfileForUser(context.Background(), client, "root")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, prof)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "--profile")
+}
+
+func TestDaemonActiveProfileForUserRejectsEmptyResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeActiveProfileClient{resp: &proto.GetActiveProfileResponse{}}
+	prof, err := daemonActiveProfileForUser(context.Background(), client, "root")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, prof)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "--profile")
+}
+
+func TestDaemonActiveProfileForUserKeepsMirrorWhenDaemonWithoutRPC(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &fakeActiveProfileClient{err: gstatus.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "unknown method")}
+	prof, err := daemonActiveProfileForUser(context.Background(), client, "root")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, errDaemonActiveProfileUnsupported)
+	assert.Nil(t, prof)
+}
diff --git a/client/cmd/version.go b/client/cmd/version.go
index 249854444..5deeae1a0 100644
--- a/client/cmd/version.go
+++ b/client/cmd/version.go
@@ -12,7 +12,13 @@ var (
 		Short: "Print the NetBird's client application version",
 		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 			cmd.SetOut(cmd.OutOrStdout())
-			cmd.Println(version.NetbirdVersion())
+			out := version.NetbirdVersion()
+			if version.IsDevelopmentVersion(out) {
+				if commit := version.NetbirdCommit(); commit != "" {
+					out += "-" + commit
+				}
+			}
+			cmd.Println(out)
 		},
 	}
 )
diff --git a/client/configs/configs.go b/client/configs/configs.go
index 8f9c3ba28..a1ecf0feb 100644
--- a/client/configs/configs.go
+++ b/client/configs/configs.go
@@ -6,6 +6,11 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 )
 
+// UILogFile is the file name the desktop UI writes its log to. It is defined
+// here so the UI (writer), the daemon's RegisterUILog validation, and the debug
+// bundle collector all share one definition.
+const UILogFile = "gui-client.log"
+
 var StateDir string
 
 func init() {
diff --git a/client/embed/capture.go b/client/embed/capture.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30f9b496f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/embed/capture.go
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package embed
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/capture"
+)
+
+// CaptureOptions configures a packet capture session.
+type CaptureOptions struct {
+	// Output receives pcap-formatted data. Nil disables pcap output.
+	Output io.Writer
+	// TextOutput receives human-readable packet summaries. Nil disables text output.
+	TextOutput io.Writer
+	// Filter is a BPF-like filter expression (e.g. "host 10.0.0.1 and tcp port 443").
+	// Empty captures all packets.
+	Filter string
+	// Verbose adds seq/ack, TTL, window, and total length to text output.
+	Verbose bool
+	// ASCII dumps transport payload as printable ASCII after each packet line.
+	ASCII bool
+}
+
+// CaptureStats reports capture session counters.
+type CaptureStats struct {
+	Packets int64
+	Bytes   int64
+	Dropped int64
+}
+
+// CaptureSession represents an active packet capture. Call Stop to end the
+// capture and flush buffered packets.
+type CaptureSession struct {
+	sess   *capture.Session
+	engine *internal.Engine
+}
+
+// Stop ends the capture, flushes remaining packets, and detaches from the device.
+// Safe to call multiple times.
+func (cs *CaptureSession) Stop() {
+	if cs.engine != nil {
+		_ = cs.engine.SetCapture(nil)
+		cs.engine = nil
+	}
+	if cs.sess != nil {
+		cs.sess.Stop()
+	}
+}
+
+// Stats returns current capture counters.
+func (cs *CaptureSession) Stats() CaptureStats {
+	s := cs.sess.Stats()
+	return CaptureStats{
+		Packets: s.Packets,
+		Bytes:   s.Bytes,
+		Dropped: s.Dropped,
+	}
+}
+
+// Done returns a channel that is closed when the capture's writer goroutine
+// has fully exited and all buffered packets have been flushed.
+func (cs *CaptureSession) Done() <-chan struct{} {
+	return cs.sess.Done()
+}
diff --git a/client/embed/embed.go b/client/embed/embed.go
index 88f7e541c..5a3d540ec 100644
--- a/client/embed/embed.go
+++ b/client/embed/embed.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
 	wgnetstack "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
@@ -20,10 +21,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
-	sshcommon "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/capture"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -65,7 +68,7 @@ type Options struct {
 	PrivateKey string
 	// ManagementURL overrides the default management server URL
 	ManagementURL string
-	// PreSharedKey is the pre-shared key for the WireGuard interface
+	// PreSharedKey is the pre-shared key for the tunnel interface
 	PreSharedKey string
 	// LogOutput is the output destination for logs (defaults to os.Stderr if nil)
 	LogOutput io.Writer
@@ -79,11 +82,31 @@ type Options struct {
 	StatePath string
 	// DisableClientRoutes disables the client routes
 	DisableClientRoutes bool
+	// DisableIPv6 disables IPv6 overlay addressing
+	DisableIPv6 bool
 	// BlockInbound blocks all inbound connections from peers
 	BlockInbound bool
-	// WireguardPort is the port for the WireGuard interface. Use 0 for a random port.
+	// EnableRosenpass enables the Rosenpass post-quantum key exchange.
+	EnableRosenpass bool
+	// RosenpassPermissive lets a Rosenpass-enabled peer still connect to peers
+	// that do not run Rosenpass (falling back to the plain WireGuard PSK).
+	RosenpassPermissive bool
+	// BlockLANAccess blocks the embedded peer from reaching the host's
+	// LAN (RFC 1918, link-local, loopback) when it's used as a routing
+	// peer. Mirrors profilemanager.ConfigInput.BlockLANAccess. Useful
+	// when the embedded client must never act as a stepping stone into
+	// the host's local network (e.g. the proxy's overlay peer).
+	BlockLANAccess bool
+	// LazyConnectionEnabled is a tri-state local override for lazy connections,
+	// mirroring the NB_LAZY_CONN env var. Nil defers to the management feature
+	// flag; a set value overrides it in both directions. A short-lived client
+	// that reaches only a few known peers can set this to false, so its peers
+	// connect eagerly and the first request does not wait for the connection to
+	// be established.
+	LazyConnectionEnabled *bool
+	// WireguardPort is the port for the tunnel interface. Use 0 for a random port.
 	WireguardPort *int
-	// MTU is the MTU for the WireGuard interface.
+	// MTU is the MTU for the tunnel interface.
 	// Valid values are in the range 576..8192 bytes.
 	// If non-nil, this value overrides any value stored in the config file.
 	// If nil, the existing config MTU (if non-zero) is preserved; otherwise it defaults to 1280.
@@ -91,6 +114,26 @@ type Options struct {
 	MTU *uint16
 	// DNSLabels defines additional DNS labels configured in the peer.
 	DNSLabels []string
+	// Performance configures the tunnel's buffer pool cap and batch size.
+	Performance Performance
+}
+
+// Performance configures the embedded client's tunnel memory/throughput knobs.
+//
+// These settings are process-global: any non-nil field also becomes the
+// default for Clients constructed by later embed.New calls in the same
+// process. Nil fields are ignored.
+type Performance struct {
+	// PreallocatedBuffersPerPool caps the per-tunnel buffer pool. Zero
+	// leaves the pool unbounded. Lower values trade throughput for a
+	// tighter memory ceiling. May also be changed on a running Client via
+	// Client.SetPerformance, provided this field was nonzero at construction.
+	PreallocatedBuffersPerPool *uint32
+	// MaxBatchSize overrides the number of packets the tunnel reads or
+	// writes per syscall, which also bounds eager buffer allocation per
+	// worker. Zero uses the platform default. Applied at construction
+	// only; ignored by Client.SetPerformance.
+	MaxBatchSize *uint32
 }
 
 // validateCredentials checks that exactly one credential type is provided
@@ -170,7 +213,11 @@ func New(opts Options) (*Client, error) {
 		PreSharedKey:        &opts.PreSharedKey,
 		DisableServerRoutes: &t,
 		DisableClientRoutes: &opts.DisableClientRoutes,
+		DisableIPv6:         &opts.DisableIPv6,
 		BlockInbound:        &opts.BlockInbound,
+		BlockLANAccess:      &opts.BlockLANAccess,
+		RosenpassEnabled:    &opts.EnableRosenpass,
+		RosenpassPermissive: &opts.RosenpassPermissive,
 		WireguardPort:       opts.WireguardPort,
 		MTU:                 opts.MTU,
 		DNSLabels:           parsedLabels,
@@ -183,11 +230,31 @@ func New(opts Options) (*Client, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create config: %w", err)
 	}
+	// Embedded path runs without the daemon Server: apply the active
+	// MDM policy explicitly so a forced ManagementURL / PSK / other
+	// managed key takes effect on this embedded engine instance.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewLoader(nil).Load())
 
 	if opts.PrivateKey != "" {
 		config.PrivateKey = opts.PrivateKey
 	}
 
+	if opts.LazyConnectionEnabled != nil {
+		// Runtime-only override, read back through lazyconn.ParseState; a set value
+		// wins over the management feature flag in both directions.
+		config.LazyConnection = "off"
+		if *opts.LazyConnectionEnabled {
+			config.LazyConnection = "on"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if opts.Performance.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool != nil {
+		wgdevice.SetPreallocatedBuffersPerPool(*opts.Performance.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool)
+	}
+	if opts.Performance.MaxBatchSize != nil {
+		wgdevice.SetMaxBatchSizeOverride(*opts.Performance.MaxBatchSize)
+	}
+
 	return &Client{
 		deviceName: opts.DeviceName,
 		setupKey:   opts.SetupKey,
@@ -240,6 +307,12 @@ func (c *Client) Start(startCtx context.Context) error {
 
 	select {
 	case <-startCtx.Done():
+		// ConnectClient.Stop now cancels its own run context and waits for the
+		// run loop to tear the engine down, so this cancel() is no longer
+		// required to break the deadlock and could be removed. It is kept as a
+		// defensive belt-and-suspenders: cancelling the parent context first
+		// guarantees the run loop is unblocked even if Stop's contract regresses.
+		cancel()
 		if stopErr := client.Stop(); stopErr != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("stop error after context done. Stop error: %w. Context done: %w", stopErr, startCtx.Err())
 		}
@@ -332,7 +405,7 @@ func (c *Client) ListenTCP(address string) (net.Listener, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("split host port: %w", err)
 	}
-	listenAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", addr, port)
+	listenAddr := net.JoinHostPort(addr.String(), port)
 
 	tcpAddr, err := net.ResolveTCPAddr("tcp", listenAddr)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -353,7 +426,7 @@ func (c *Client) ListenUDP(address string) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("split host port: %w", err)
 	}
-	listenAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", addr, port)
+	listenAddr := net.JoinHostPort(addr.String(), port)
 
 	udpAddr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", listenAddr)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -401,6 +474,21 @@ func (c *Client) Expose(ctx context.Context, req ExposeRequest) (*ExposeSession,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// IdentityForIP looks up a remote peer by its tunnel IP using the
+// embedded client's status recorder. Returns the peer's WireGuard public
+// key and FQDN. ok=false means the IP doesn't belong to an active peer
+// — offline roster peers are treated as unknown, same as foreign IPs.
+func (c *Client) IdentityForIP(ip netip.Addr) (pubKey, fqdn string, ok bool) {
+	if !ip.IsValid() || c.recorder == nil {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	state, found := c.recorder.PeerStateByIP(ip.String())
+	if !found {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	return state.PubKey, state.FQDN, true
+}
+
 // Status returns the current status of the client.
 func (c *Client) Status() (peer.FullStatus, error) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
@@ -410,7 +498,7 @@ func (c *Client) Status() (peer.FullStatus, error) {
 	if connect != nil {
 		engine := connect.Engine()
 		if engine != nil {
-			_ = engine.RunHealthProbes(false)
+			_ = engine.RunHealthProbes(context.Background(), false)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -461,12 +549,72 @@ func (c *Client) VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress string, key []byte) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	storedKey, found := engine.GetPeerSSHKey(peerAddress)
-	if !found {
-		return sshcommon.ErrPeerNotFound
+	return nbssh.PeerKeyLookup(engine.GetPeerSSHKey).VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress, key)
+}
+
+// SetPerformance retunes a running Client. Only PreallocatedBuffersPerPool
+// takes effect, and only when it was nonzero at construction;
+// MaxBatchSize is construction-only and returns an error if set here.
+//
+// Returns ErrClientNotStarted / ErrEngineNotStarted if the Client is not
+// running yet.
+func (c *Client) SetPerformance(t Performance) error {
+	if t.MaxBatchSize != nil {
+		return errors.New("MaxBatchSize is construction-only and cannot be changed at runtime")
+	}
+	engine, err := c.getEngine()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return engine.SetPerformance(internal.Performance{
+		PreallocatedBuffersPerPool: t.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool,
+	})
+}
+
+// StartCapture begins capturing packets on this client's tunnel device.
+// Only one capture can be active at a time; starting a new one stops the previous.
+// Call StopCapture (or CaptureSession.Stop) to end it.
+func (c *Client) StartCapture(opts CaptureOptions) (*CaptureSession, error) {
+	engine, err := c.getEngine()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return sshcommon.VerifyHostKey(storedKey, key, peerAddress)
+	var matcher capture.Matcher
+	if opts.Filter != "" {
+		m, err := capture.ParseFilter(opts.Filter)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse filter: %w", err)
+		}
+		matcher = m
+	}
+
+	sess, err := capture.NewSession(capture.Options{
+		Output:     opts.Output,
+		TextOutput: opts.TextOutput,
+		Matcher:    matcher,
+		Verbose:    opts.Verbose,
+		ASCII:      opts.ASCII,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create capture session: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := engine.SetCapture(sess); err != nil {
+		sess.Stop()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set capture: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &CaptureSession{sess: sess, engine: engine}, nil
+}
+
+// StopCapture stops the active capture session if one is running.
+func (c *Client) StopCapture() error {
+	engine, err := c.getEngine()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return engine.SetCapture(nil)
 }
 
 // getEngine safely retrieves the engine from the client with proper locking.
diff --git a/client/embed/embed_test.go b/client/embed/embed_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce0edde5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/embed/embed_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package embed
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	mgmt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+const testSetupKey = "A2C8E62B-38F5-4553-B31E-DD66C696CEBB"
+
+// TestClientStartTimeoutRollback reproduces a deadlock between Engine.Start and
+// Engine.Stop. The signal endpoint accepts gRPC connections but never serves the
+// SignalExchange service, so Engine.Start parks in WaitStreamConnected while
+// holding the engine mutex. When the Start context expires, the rollback path
+// calls ConnectClient.Stop, which must not block forever acquiring that mutex.
+func TestClientStartTimeoutRollback(t *testing.T) {
+	signalAddr := startBlackholeSignal(t)
+	mgmAddr := startManagement(t, signalAddr)
+
+	wgPort := 0
+	client, err := New(Options{
+		DeviceName:    "embed-rollback-test",
+		SetupKey:      testSetupKey,
+		ManagementURL: "http://" + mgmAddr,
+		WireguardPort: &wgPort,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "embed client creation must succeed")
+
+	startCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	startErr := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		startErr <- client.Start(startCtx)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-startErr:
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	case <-time.After(60 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("client.Start did not return after its context expired: Engine.Stop deadlocked against Engine.Start waiting for the signal stream")
+	}
+}
+
+// startBlackholeSignal starts a gRPC server without the SignalExchange service
+// registered. Connections succeed, but the signal stream can never be
+// established, which keeps Engine.Start parked in WaitStreamConnected.
+func startBlackholeSignal(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	s := grpc.NewServer()
+	go func() {
+		if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(s.Stop)
+
+	return lis.Addr().String()
+}
+
+func startManagement(t *testing.T, signalAddr string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cfg := &config.Config{
+		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
+		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
+		Relay: &config.Relay{
+			Addresses:      []string{"127.0.0.1:1234"},
+			CredentialsTTL: util.Duration{Duration: time.Hour},
+			Secret:         "222222222222222222",
+		},
+		Signal: &config.Host{
+			Proto: "http",
+			URI:   signalAddr,
+		},
+		Datadir:    t.TempDir(),
+		HttpConfig: nil,
+	}
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	s := grpc.NewServer()
+
+	testStore, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", cfg.Datadir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
+
+	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(testStore)
+	peersManager := peers.NewManager(testStore)
+	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, testStore, peersManager)
+
+	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	iv, err := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, nil, eventStore, cacheStore)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
+	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetExtraSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.ExtraSettings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
+
+	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
+	requestBuffer := mgmt.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), testStore)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), testStore, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(testStore, peersManager), cfg, nil)
+	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(context.Background(), cfg, testStore, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, iv, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(updateManager, cfg.TURNConfig, cfg.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(cfg, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mgmtServer)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(s.Stop)
+
+	return lis.Addr().String()
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/allower_other.go b/client/firewall/allower_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d2ec9094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/allower_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build android || (!linux && !windows)
+
+package firewall
+
+import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter"
+
+// interfaceAllower returns no allower: these platforms have no host firewall to
+// open for the interface.
+func interfaceAllower(IFaceMapper, uint16) uspfilter.InterfaceAllower {
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/allower_windows.go b/client/firewall/allower_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9efa18a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/allower_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package firewall
+
+import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter"
+
+// interfaceAllower returns the Windows netsh-based interface allower.
+func interfaceAllower(iface IFaceMapper, _ uint16) uspfilter.InterfaceAllower {
+	return uspfilter.NewWindowsInterfaceAllower(iface)
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/create.go b/client/firewall/create.go
index 24f12bc6d..cb68a0d04 100644
--- a/client/firewall/create.go
+++ b/client/firewall/create.go
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
@@ -21,13 +19,11 @@ func NewFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, _ *statemanager.Manager, flowLogger nftypes.
 	}
 
 	// use userspace packet filtering firewall
-	fm, err := uspfilter.Create(iface, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	err = fm.AllowNetbird()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to allow netbird interface traffic: %v", err)
-	}
-	return fm, nil
+	return uspfilter.Create(uspfilter.Config{
+		IFace:               iface,
+		DisableServerRoutes: disableServerRoutes,
+		FlowLogger:          flowLogger,
+		MTU:                 mtu,
+		InterfaceAllower:    interfaceAllower(iface, mtu),
+	})
 }
diff --git a/client/firewall/create_linux.go b/client/firewall/create_linux.go
index d916ebad4..d585e85d7 100644
--- a/client/firewall/create_linux.go
+++ b/client/firewall/create_linux.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	nbnftables "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/nftables"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
@@ -29,47 +30,107 @@ const (
 	NFTABLES
 )
 
-// SKIP_NFTABLES_ENV is the environment variable to skip nftables check
-const SKIP_NFTABLES_ENV = "NB_SKIP_NFTABLES_CHECK"
+// SkipNftablesEnv is the environment variable to skip nftables check
+const SkipNftablesEnv = "NB_SKIP_NFTABLES_CHECK"
+
+// errNoFirewallManager indicates no kernel firewall backend is present,
+// as opposed to a backend that exists but failed to create or initialize.
+var errNoFirewallManager = errors.New("no firewall manager found")
 
 // FWType is the type for the firewall type
 type FWType int
 
 func NewFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, stateManager *statemanager.Manager, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, disableServerRoutes bool, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
-	// We run in userspace mode and force userspace firewall was requested. We don't attempt native firewall.
-	if iface.IsUserspaceBind() && forceUserspaceFirewall() {
-		log.Info("forcing userspace firewall")
-		return createUserspaceFirewall(iface, nil, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
+	// Userspace firewall without a native counterpart: routing is handled
+	// entirely in userspace. The interface is opened in the kernel's foreign
+	// filter chains via a table-less allower, except in netstack mode where no
+	// kernel interface exists.
+	if netstack.IsEnabled() || (iface.IsUserspaceBind() && forceUserspaceFirewall()) {
+		if netstack.IsEnabled() {
+			log.Info("netstack mode, using userspace firewall")
+		} else {
+			log.Info("forcing userspace firewall")
+		}
+		cfg := uspfilter.Config{
+			IFace:               iface,
+			DisableServerRoutes: disableServerRoutes,
+			FlowLogger:          flowLogger,
+			MTU:                 mtu,
+			InterfaceAllower:    interfaceAllower(iface, mtu),
+		}
+
+		return uspfilter.Create(cfg)
 	}
 
 	// Use native firewall for either kernel or userspace, the interface appears identical to netfilter
-	fm, err := createNativeFirewall(iface, stateManager, disableServerRoutes, mtu)
-
-	// Kernel cannot fall back to anything else, need to return error
-	if !iface.IsUserspaceBind() {
-		return fm, err
-	}
-
-	// Fall back to the userspace packet filter if native is unavailable
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to create native firewall: %v. Proceeding with userspace", err)
-		return createUserspaceFirewall(iface, nil, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
-	}
-
-	// Native firewall handles packet filtering, but the userspace WireGuard bind
-	// needs a device filter for DNS interception hooks. Install a minimal
-	// hooks-only filter that passes all traffic through to the kernel firewall.
-	if err := iface.SetFilter(&uspfilter.HooksFilter{}); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to set hooks filter, DNS via memory hooks will not work: %v", err)
+	fm, err := createNativeFirewall(iface, stateManager, mtu)
+	switch {
+	case err == nil && !iface.IsUserspaceBind():
+		// Nothing to do, fall through
+	case err == nil && iface.IsUserspaceBind():
+		// Native firewall handles packet filtering, but the userspace WireGuard bind
+		// needs a device filter for DNS interception hooks. Install a minimal
+		// hooks-only filter that passes all traffic through to the kernel firewall.
+		if err := iface.SetFilter(&uspfilter.HooksFilter{}); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to set hooks filter, DNS via memory hooks will not work: %v", err)
+		}
+	case err != nil && !iface.IsUserspaceBind():
+		// Kernel cannot fall back to anything else, need to return error
+		return nil, err
+	case err != nil && iface.IsUserspaceBind():
+		// Fall back to the userspace packet filter if native is unavailable
+		logNativeFirewallUnavailable(err)
+		return uspfilter.Create(uspfilter.Config{
+			IFace:               iface,
+			DisableServerRoutes: disableServerRoutes,
+			FlowLogger:          flowLogger,
+			MTU:                 mtu,
+			InterfaceAllower:    interfaceAllower(iface, mtu),
+		})
 	}
 
 	return fm, nil
 }
 
-func createNativeFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, stateManager *statemanager.Manager, routes bool, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
+// interfaceAllower selects how the userspace firewall opens the interface in
+// foreign kernel chains: nftables when available (which also opens foreign nft
+// tables), else iptables (the legacy fallback, filter INPUT only), else nil.
+// firewalld trust is applied separately by the manager. Netstack has no kernel
+// interface to open.
+func interfaceAllower(iface IFaceMapper, mtu uint16) uspfilter.InterfaceAllower {
+	if netstack.IsEnabled() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	nftAllower, err := nbnftables.NewInterfaceAllower(iface, mtu)
+	if err == nil {
+		return nftAllower
+	}
+	log.Infof("no nftables interface allower: %v", err)
+
+	iptAllower, err := nbiptables.NewInterfaceAllower(iface)
+	if err == nil {
+		return iptAllower
+	}
+	log.Infof("no iptables interface allower: %v", err)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// logNativeFirewallUnavailable logs the fallback to userspace at info level
+// when no kernel firewall backend exists, and at warn level otherwise.
+func logNativeFirewallUnavailable(err error) {
+	if errors.Is(err, errNoFirewallManager) {
+		log.Infof("no native firewall backend available: %v. Proceeding with userspace", err)
+	} else {
+		log.Warnf("failed to create native firewall: %v. Proceeding with userspace", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func createNativeFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, stateManager *statemanager.Manager, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
 	fm, err := createFW(iface, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create firewall: %s", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create firewall: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if err = fm.Init(stateManager); err != nil {
@@ -88,29 +149,10 @@ func createFW(iface IFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
 		log.Info("creating an nftables firewall manager")
 		return nbnftables.Create(iface, mtu)
 	default:
-		log.Info("no firewall manager found, trying to use userspace packet filtering firewall")
-		return nil, errors.New("no firewall manager found")
+		return nil, errNoFirewallManager
 	}
 }
 
-func createUserspaceFirewall(iface IFaceMapper, fm firewall.Manager, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, mtu uint16) (firewall.Manager, error) {
-	var errUsp error
-	if fm != nil {
-		fm, errUsp = uspfilter.CreateWithNativeFirewall(iface, fm, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
-	} else {
-		fm, errUsp = uspfilter.Create(iface, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
-	}
-
-	if errUsp != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create userspace firewall: %s", errUsp)
-	}
-
-	if err := fm.AllowNetbird(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to allow netbird interface traffic: %v", err)
-	}
-	return fm, nil
-}
-
 // check returns the firewall type based on common lib checks. It returns UNKNOWN if no firewall is found.
 func check() FWType {
 	useIPTABLES := false
@@ -132,35 +174,38 @@ func check() FWType {
 		}
 	}
 
-	nf := nftables.Conn{}
-	if chains, err := nf.ListChains(); err == nil && os.Getenv(SKIP_NFTABLES_ENV) != "true" {
-		if !useIPTABLES {
-			return NFTABLES
-		}
-
-		// search for chains where table is filter
-		// if we find one, we assume that nftables manager can be used with iptables
-		for _, chain := range chains {
-			if chain.Table.Name == "filter" {
+	// Honor the skip env before probing nftables at all.
+	if os.Getenv(SkipNftablesEnv) != "true" {
+		nf := nftables.Conn{}
+		if chains, err := nf.ListChains(); err == nil {
+			if !useIPTABLES {
 				return NFTABLES
 			}
-		}
 
-		// check tables for the following constraints:
-		// 1. there is no chain in nftables for the filter table and there is at least one chain in iptables, we assume that nftables manager can not be used
-		// 2. there is no tables or more than one table, we assume that nftables manager can be used
-		// 3. there is only one table and its name is filter, we assume that nftables manager can not be used, since there was no chain in it
-		// 4. if we find an error we log and continue with iptables check
-		nbTablesList, err := nf.ListTables()
-		switch {
-		case err == nil && len(iptablesChains) > 0:
-			return IPTABLES
-		case err == nil && len(nbTablesList) != 1:
-			return NFTABLES
-		case err == nil && len(nbTablesList) == 1 && nbTablesList[0].Name == "filter":
-			return IPTABLES
-		case err != nil:
-			log.Errorf("failed to list nftables tables on fw manager discovery: %s", err)
+			// search for chains where table is filter
+			// if we find one, we assume that nftables manager can be used with iptables
+			for _, chain := range chains {
+				if chain.Table.Name == "filter" {
+					return NFTABLES
+				}
+			}
+
+			// check tables for the following constraints:
+			// 1. there is no chain in nftables for the filter table and there is at least one chain in iptables, we assume that nftables manager can not be used
+			// 2. there is no tables or more than one table, we assume that nftables manager can be used
+			// 3. there is only one table and its name is filter, we assume that nftables manager can not be used, since there was no chain in it
+			// 4. if we find an error we log and continue with iptables check
+			nbTablesList, err := nf.ListTables()
+			switch {
+			case err == nil && len(iptablesChains) > 0:
+				return IPTABLES
+			case err == nil && len(nbTablesList) != 1:
+				return NFTABLES
+			case err == nil && len(nbTablesList) == 1 && nbTablesList[0].Name == "filter":
+				return IPTABLES
+			case err != nil:
+				log.Errorf("failed to list nftables tables on fw manager discovery: %s", err)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -176,15 +221,21 @@ func isIptablesClientAvailable(client *iptables.IPTables) bool {
 	return err == nil
 }
 
+// forceUserspaceFirewall reports whether the userspace firewall is forced.
+// NB_FORCE_USERSPACE_ROUTER is an alias: forcing userspace routing implies the
+// userspace firewall, since the two are no longer separable.
 func forceUserspaceFirewall() bool {
-	val := os.Getenv(EnvForceUserspaceFirewall)
+	return envForceBool(EnvForceUserspaceFirewall) || envForceBool(uspfilter.EnvForceUserspaceRouter)
+}
+
+func envForceBool(name string) bool {
+	val := os.Getenv(name)
 	if val == "" {
 		return false
 	}
-
 	force, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", EnvForceUserspaceFirewall, err)
+		log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", name, err)
 		return false
 	}
 	return force
diff --git a/client/firewall/firewalld/firewalld.go b/client/firewall/firewalld/firewalld.go
index 188ea61dd..38a4efdbc 100644
--- a/client/firewall/firewalld/firewalld.go
+++ b/client/firewall/firewalld/firewalld.go
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 // its wg interface into firewalld's "trusted" zone. This is required because
 // firewalld's nftables chains are created with NFT_CHAIN_OWNER on recent
 // versions, which returns EPERM to any other process that tries to insert
-// rules into them. The workaround mirrors what Tailscale does: let firewalld
-// itself add the accept rules to its own chains by trusting the interface.
+// rules into them. Trusting the interface makes firewalld itself add the
+// accept rules to its own chains instead.
 package firewalld
 
 // TrustedZone is the firewalld zone name used for interfaces whose traffic
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/acl_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/acl_linux.go
deleted file mode 100644
index e629f7881..000000000
--- a/client/firewall/iptables/acl_linux.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,529 +0,0 @@
-package iptables
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"slices"
-
-	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	ipset "github.com/lrh3321/ipset-go"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
-)
-
-const (
-	tableName = "filter"
-
-	// rules chains contains the effective ACL rules
-	chainNameInputRules = "NETBIRD-ACL-INPUT"
-
-	// mangleFwdKey is the entries map key for mangle FORWARD guard rules that prevent
-	// external DNAT from bypassing ACL rules.
-	mangleFwdKey = "MANGLE-FORWARD"
-)
-
-type aclEntries map[string][][]string
-
-type entry struct {
-	spec     []string
-	position int
-}
-
-type aclManager struct {
-	iptablesClient  *iptables.IPTables
-	wgIface         iFaceMapper
-	entries         aclEntries
-	optionalEntries map[string][]entry
-	ipsetStore      *ipsetStore
-
-	stateManager *statemanager.Manager
-}
-
-func newAclManager(iptablesClient *iptables.IPTables, wgIface iFaceMapper) (*aclManager, error) {
-	return &aclManager{
-		iptablesClient:  iptablesClient,
-		wgIface:         wgIface,
-		entries:         make(map[string][][]string),
-		optionalEntries: make(map[string][]entry),
-		ipsetStore:      newIpsetStore(),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
-	m.stateManager = stateManager
-
-	m.seedInitialEntries()
-	m.seedInitialOptionalEntries()
-
-	if err := m.cleanChains(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("clean chains: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := m.createDefaultChains(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create default chains: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m.updateState()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) AddPeerFiltering(
-	id []byte,
-	ip net.IP,
-	protocol firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-	ipsetName string,
-) ([]firewall.Rule, error) {
-	chain := chainNameInputRules
-
-	ipsetName = transformIPsetName(ipsetName, sPort, dPort, action)
-	specs := filterRuleSpecs(ip, string(protocol), sPort, dPort, action, ipsetName)
-
-	mangleSpecs := slices.Clone(specs)
-	mangleSpecs = append(mangleSpecs,
-		"-i", m.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-m", "addrtype", "--dst-type", "LOCAL",
-		"-j", "MARK", "--set-xmark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
-	)
-
-	specs = append(specs, "-j", actionToStr(action))
-	if ipsetName != "" {
-		if ipList, ipsetExists := m.ipsetStore.ipset(ipsetName); ipsetExists {
-			if err := m.addToIPSet(ipsetName, ip); err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("add IP to ipset: %w", err)
-			}
-			// if ruleset already exists it means we already have the firewall rule
-			// so we need to update IPs in the ruleset and return new fw.Rule object for ACL manager.
-			ipList.addIP(ip.String())
-			return []firewall.Rule{&Rule{
-				ruleID:    uuid.New().String(),
-				ipsetName: ipsetName,
-				ip:        ip.String(),
-				chain:     chain,
-				specs:     specs,
-			}}, nil
-		}
-
-		if err := m.flushIPSet(ipsetName); err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, ipset.ErrSetNotExist) {
-				log.Debugf("flush ipset %s before use: %v", ipsetName, err)
-			} else {
-				log.Errorf("flush ipset %s before use: %v", ipsetName, err)
-			}
-		}
-		if err := m.createIPSet(ipsetName); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create ipset: %w", err)
-		}
-		if err := m.addToIPSet(ipsetName, ip); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("add IP to ipset: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		ipList := newIpList(ip.String())
-		m.ipsetStore.addIpList(ipsetName, ipList)
-	}
-
-	ok, err := m.iptablesClient.Exists(tableFilter, chain, specs...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to check rule: %w", err)
-	}
-	if ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("rule already exists")
-	}
-
-	// Insert DROP rules at the beginning, append ACCEPT rules at the end
-	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
-		// Insert at the beginning of the chain (position 1)
-		err = m.iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chain, 1, specs...)
-	} else {
-		err = m.iptablesClient.Append(tableFilter, chain, specs...)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if err := m.iptablesClient.Append(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, mangleSpecs...); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to add mangle rule: %v", err)
-		mangleSpecs = nil
-	}
-
-	rule := &Rule{
-		ruleID:      uuid.New().String(),
-		specs:       specs,
-		mangleSpecs: mangleSpecs,
-		ipsetName:   ipsetName,
-		ip:          ip.String(),
-		chain:       chain,
-	}
-
-	m.updateState()
-
-	return []firewall.Rule{rule}, nil
-}
-
-// DeletePeerRule from the firewall by rule definition
-func (m *aclManager) DeletePeerRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	r, ok := rule.(*Rule)
-	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid rule type")
-	}
-
-	shouldDestroyIpset := false
-	if ipsetList, ok := m.ipsetStore.ipset(r.ipsetName); ok {
-		// delete IP from ruleset IPs list and ipset
-		if _, ok := ipsetList.ips[r.ip]; ok {
-			ip := net.ParseIP(r.ip)
-			if ip == nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("parse IP %s", r.ip)
-			}
-			if err := m.delFromIPSet(r.ipsetName, ip); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("delete ip from ipset: %w", err)
-			}
-			delete(ipsetList.ips, r.ip)
-		}
-
-		// if after delete, set still contains other IPs,
-		// no need to delete firewall rule and we should exit here
-		if len(ipsetList.ips) != 0 {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		// we delete last IP from the set, that means we need to delete
-		// set itself and associated firewall rule too
-		m.ipsetStore.deleteIpset(r.ipsetName)
-		shouldDestroyIpset = true
-	}
-
-	if err := m.iptablesClient.Delete(tableName, r.chain, r.specs...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete rule: %s, %v: %w", r.chain, r.specs, err)
-	}
-
-	if r.mangleSpecs != nil {
-		if err := m.iptablesClient.Delete(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, r.mangleSpecs...); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to delete mangle rule: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if shouldDestroyIpset {
-		if err := m.destroyIPSet(r.ipsetName); err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, ipset.ErrBusy) || errors.Is(err, ipset.ErrSetNotExist) {
-				log.Debugf("destroy empty ipset: %v", err)
-			} else {
-				log.Errorf("destroy empty ipset: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	m.updateState()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) Reset() error {
-	if err := m.cleanChains(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("clean chains: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	m.updateState()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// todo write less destructive cleanup mechanism
-func (m *aclManager) cleanChains() error {
-	ok, err := m.iptablesClient.ChainExists(tableName, chainNameInputRules)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to list chains: %s", err)
-		return err
-	}
-	if ok {
-		for _, rule := range m.entries["INPUT"] {
-			err := m.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableName, "INPUT", rule...)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to delete rule: %v, %s", rule, err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		for _, rule := range m.entries["FORWARD"] {
-			err := m.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableName, "FORWARD", rule...)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to delete rule: %v, %s", rule, err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		err = m.iptablesClient.ClearAndDeleteChain(tableName, chainNameInputRules)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("failed to clear and delete %s chain: %s", chainNameInputRules, err)
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	ok, err = m.iptablesClient.ChainExists("mangle", "PREROUTING")
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("list chains: %w", err)
-	}
-	if ok {
-		for _, rule := range m.entries["PREROUTING"] {
-			err := m.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists("mangle", "PREROUTING", rule...)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to delete rule: %v, %s", rule, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, rule := range m.entries[mangleFwdKey] {
-		if err := m.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainFORWARD, rule...); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to delete mangle FORWARD guard rule: %v, %s", rule, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, ipsetName := range m.ipsetStore.ipsetNames() {
-		if err := m.flushIPSet(ipsetName); err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, ipset.ErrSetNotExist) {
-				log.Debugf("flush ipset %q during reset: %v", ipsetName, err)
-			} else {
-				log.Errorf("flush ipset %q during reset: %v", ipsetName, err)
-			}
-		}
-		if err := m.destroyIPSet(ipsetName); err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, ipset.ErrBusy) || errors.Is(err, ipset.ErrSetNotExist) {
-				log.Debugf("destroy ipset %q during reset: %v", ipsetName, err)
-			} else {
-				log.Errorf("destroy ipset %q during reset: %v", ipsetName, err)
-			}
-		}
-		m.ipsetStore.deleteIpset(ipsetName)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) createDefaultChains() error {
-	// chain netbird-acl-input-rules
-	if err := m.iptablesClient.NewChain(tableName, chainNameInputRules); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to create '%s' chain: %s", chainNameInputRules, err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for chainName, rules := range m.entries {
-		// mangle FORWARD guard rules are handled separately below
-		if chainName == mangleFwdKey {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, rule := range rules {
-			if err := m.iptablesClient.InsertUnique(tableName, chainName, 1, rule...); err != nil {
-				log.Debugf("failed to create input chain jump rule: %s", err)
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for chainName, entries := range m.optionalEntries {
-		for _, entry := range entries {
-			if err := m.iptablesClient.InsertUnique(tableName, chainName, entry.position, entry.spec...); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to insert optional entry %v: %v", entry.spec, err)
-				continue
-			}
-			m.entries[chainName] = append(m.entries[chainName], entry.spec)
-		}
-	}
-	clear(m.optionalEntries)
-
-	// Insert mangle FORWARD guard rules to prevent external DNAT bypass.
-	for _, rule := range m.entries[mangleFwdKey] {
-		if err := m.iptablesClient.AppendUnique(tableMangle, chainFORWARD, rule...); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to add mangle FORWARD guard rule: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// seedInitialEntries adds default rules to the entries map, rules are inserted on pos 1, hence the order is reversed.
-// We want to make sure our traffic is not dropped by existing rules.
-
-// The existing FORWARD rules/policies decide outbound traffic towards our interface.
-// In case the FORWARD policy is set to "drop", we add an established/related rule to allow return traffic for the inbound rule.
-func (m *aclManager) seedInitialEntries() {
-	established := getConntrackEstablished()
-
-	m.appendToEntries("INPUT", []string{"-i", m.wgIface.Name(), "-j", "DROP"})
-	m.appendToEntries("INPUT", []string{"-i", m.wgIface.Name(), "-j", chainNameInputRules})
-	m.appendToEntries("INPUT", append([]string{"-i", m.wgIface.Name()}, established...))
-
-	// Inbound is handled by our ACLs, the rest is dropped.
-	// For outbound we respect the FORWARD policy. However, we need to allow established/related traffic for inbound rules.
-	m.appendToEntries("FORWARD", []string{"-i", m.wgIface.Name(), "-j", "DROP"})
-
-	m.appendToEntries("FORWARD", []string{"-o", m.wgIface.Name(), "-j", chainRTFWDOUT})
-	m.appendToEntries("FORWARD", []string{"-i", m.wgIface.Name(), "-j", chainRTFWDIN})
-
-	// Mangle FORWARD guard: when external DNAT redirects traffic from the wg interface, it
-	// traverses FORWARD instead of INPUT, bypassing ACL rules. ACCEPT rules in filter FORWARD
-	// can be inserted above ours. Mangle runs before filter, so these guard rules enforce the
-	// ACL mark check where it cannot be overridden.
-	m.appendToEntries(mangleFwdKey, []string{
-		"-i", m.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED",
-		"-j", "ACCEPT",
-	})
-	m.appendToEntries(mangleFwdKey, []string{
-		"-i", m.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "DNAT",
-		"-m", "mark", "!", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
-		"-j", "DROP",
-	})
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) seedInitialOptionalEntries() {
-	m.optionalEntries["FORWARD"] = []entry{
-		{
-			spec:     []string{"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected), "-j", "ACCEPT"},
-			position: 2,
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) appendToEntries(chainName string, spec []string) {
-	m.entries[chainName] = append(m.entries[chainName], spec)
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) updateState() {
-	if m.stateManager == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	var currentState *ShutdownState
-	if existing := m.stateManager.GetState(currentState); existing != nil {
-		if existingState, ok := existing.(*ShutdownState); ok {
-			currentState = existingState
-		}
-	}
-	if currentState == nil {
-		currentState = &ShutdownState{}
-	}
-
-	currentState.Lock()
-	defer currentState.Unlock()
-
-	currentState.ACLEntries = m.entries
-	currentState.ACLIPsetStore = m.ipsetStore
-
-	if err := m.stateManager.UpdateState(currentState); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update state: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-// filterRuleSpecs returns the specs of a filtering rule
-func filterRuleSpecs(ip net.IP, protocol string, sPort, dPort *firewall.Port, action firewall.Action, ipsetName string) (specs []string) {
-	// don't use IP matching if IP is 0.0.0.0
-	matchByIP := !ip.IsUnspecified()
-
-	if matchByIP {
-		if ipsetName != "" {
-			specs = append(specs, "-m", "set", "--set", ipsetName, "src")
-		} else {
-			specs = append(specs, "-s", ip.String())
-		}
-	}
-	if protocol != "all" {
-		specs = append(specs, "-p", protocol)
-	}
-	specs = append(specs, applyPort("--sport", sPort)...)
-	specs = append(specs, applyPort("--dport", dPort)...)
-	return specs
-}
-
-func actionToStr(action firewall.Action) string {
-	if action == firewall.ActionAccept {
-		return "ACCEPT"
-	}
-	return "DROP"
-}
-
-func transformIPsetName(ipsetName string, sPort, dPort *firewall.Port, action firewall.Action) string {
-	if ipsetName == "" {
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	actionSuffix := ""
-	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
-		actionSuffix = "-drop"
-	}
-
-	switch {
-	case sPort != nil && dPort != nil:
-		return ipsetName + "-sport-dport" + actionSuffix
-	case sPort != nil:
-		return ipsetName + "-sport" + actionSuffix
-	case dPort != nil:
-		return ipsetName + "-dport" + actionSuffix
-	default:
-		return ipsetName + actionSuffix
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) createIPSet(name string) error {
-	opts := ipset.CreateOptions{
-		Replace: true,
-	}
-
-	if err := ipset.Create(name, ipset.TypeHashNet, opts); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create ipset %s: %w", name, err)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("created ipset %s with type hash:net", name)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) addToIPSet(name string, ip net.IP) error {
-	cidr := uint8(32)
-	if ip.To4() == nil {
-		cidr = 128
-	}
-
-	entry := &ipset.Entry{
-		IP:      ip,
-		CIDR:    cidr,
-		Replace: true,
-	}
-
-	if err := ipset.Add(name, entry); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add IP to ipset %s: %w", name, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) delFromIPSet(name string, ip net.IP) error {
-	cidr := uint8(32)
-	if ip.To4() == nil {
-		cidr = 128
-	}
-
-	entry := &ipset.Entry{
-		IP:   ip,
-		CIDR: cidr,
-	}
-
-	if err := ipset.Del(name, entry); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete IP from ipset %s: %w", name, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) flushIPSet(name string) error {
-	return ipset.Flush(name)
-}
-
-func (m *aclManager) destroyIPSet(name string) error {
-	return ipset.Destroy(name)
-}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/chains_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/chains_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58bfa8c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/chains_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package iptables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+)
+
+func (r *family) createContainers() error {
+	for _, chainInfo := range []struct {
+		chain string
+		table string
+	}{
+		{chainRTFwdIn, tableFilter},
+		{chainRTFwdOut, tableFilter},
+		{chainRTPre, tableMangle},
+		{chainRTNAT, tableNat},
+		{chainRTRdr, tableNat},
+		{chainRTMSSClamp, tableMangle},
+	} {
+		// Fallback: clear chains that survived an unclean shutdown.
+		if ok, _ := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain); ok {
+			if err := r.iptablesClient.ClearAndDeleteChain(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("clear stale chain %s in %s: %v", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err)
+			}
+		}
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.NewChain(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("create chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := r.insertEstablishedRule(chainRTFwdIn); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("insert established rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.insertEstablishedRule(chainRTFwdOut); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("insert established rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.addPostroutingRules(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add static nat rules: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.addJumpRules(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add jump rules: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.addMSSClampingRules(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add MSS clamping rules: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) addJumpRules() error {
+	// Jump to nat chain
+	natRule := jumpRuleSpec(chainRTNAT)
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainPostrouting, 1, natRule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add nat postrouting jump rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[jumpNATPost] = natRule
+
+	// Jump to mangle prerouting chain
+	preRule := jumpRuleSpec(chainRTPre)
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainPrerouting, 1, preRule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add mangle prerouting jump rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[jumpManglePre] = preRule
+
+	// Jump to nat prerouting chain
+	rdrRule := jumpRuleSpec(chainRTRdr)
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainPrerouting, 1, rdrRule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add nat prerouting jump rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[jumpNATPre] = rdrRule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) setupDataPlaneMark() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	preRule := []string{
+		"-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "NEW",
+		"-j", "CONNMARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.DataPlaneMarkIn),
+	}
+
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.AppendUnique(tableMangle, chainPrerouting, preRule...); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add mangle prerouting rule: %w", err))
+	} else {
+		r.rules[markManglePre] = preRule
+	}
+
+	postRule := []string{
+		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "NEW",
+		"-j", "CONNMARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.DataPlaneMarkOut),
+	}
+
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.AppendUnique(tableMangle, chainPostrouting, postRule...); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add mangle postrouting rule: %w", err))
+	} else {
+		r.rules[markManglePost] = postRule
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// seedInitialEntries adds default rules to the entries map. Rules are
+// inserted at position 1, so the order here is reversed.
+//
+// Existing FORWARD policy decides outbound traffic towards our
+// interface. If FORWARD policy is "drop", we add an
+// established/related rule to allow return traffic for inbound rules.
+func (r *family) seedInitialEntries() {
+	established := getConntrackEstablished()
+
+	r.appendToEntries(chainInput, []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name(), "-j", "DROP"})
+	r.appendToEntries(chainInput, []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name(), "-j", chainACLInput})
+	r.appendToEntries(chainInput, append([]string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name()}, established...))
+
+	r.appendToEntries(chainForward, []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name(), "-j", "DROP"})
+	r.appendToEntries(chainForward, []string{"-o", r.wgIface.Name(), "-j", chainRTFwdOut})
+	r.appendToEntries(chainForward, []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name(), "-j", chainRTFwdIn})
+
+	// Mangle FORWARD guard: when external DNAT redirects traffic from
+	// the wg interface, it traverses FORWARD instead of INPUT,
+	// bypassing ACL rules. ACCEPT rules in filter FORWARD can be
+	// inserted above ours. Mangle runs before filter, so these guard
+	// rules enforce the ACL mark check where it cannot be overridden.
+	r.appendToEntries(mangleForwardKey, []string{
+		"-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED",
+		"-j", "ACCEPT",
+	})
+	r.appendToEntries(mangleForwardKey, []string{
+		"-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "DNAT",
+		"-m", "mark", "!", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
+		"-j", "DROP",
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *family) seedInitialOptionalEntries() {
+	r.optionalEntries[chainForward] = []entry{
+		{
+			spec:     []string{"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected), "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+			position: 2,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *family) appendToEntries(chain chainKey, spec ruleSpec) {
+	r.entries[chain] = append(r.entries[chain], spec)
+}
+
+func (r *family) createDefaultChains() error {
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.NewChain(tableFilter, chainACLInput); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create %s chain: %w", chainACLInput, err)
+	}
+
+	for chain, rules := range r.entries {
+		// mangle FORWARD guard rules are handled separately below
+		if chain == mangleForwardKey {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, rule := range rules {
+			if err := r.iptablesClient.InsertUnique(tableFilter, string(chain), 1, rule...); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("insert jump rule into %s: %w", chain, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for chain, entries := range r.optionalEntries {
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			if err := r.iptablesClient.InsertUnique(tableFilter, string(chain), entry.position, entry.spec...); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to insert optional entry %v: %v", entry.spec, err)
+				continue
+			}
+			r.entries[chain] = append(r.entries[chain], entry.spec)
+		}
+	}
+	clear(r.optionalEntries)
+
+	// Insert mangle FORWARD guard rules to prevent external DNAT bypass.
+	for _, rule := range r.entries[mangleForwardKey] {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.AppendUnique(tableMangle, chainForward, rule...); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to add mangle FORWARD guard rule: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) cleanUpDefaultForwardRules() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	// cleanJumpRules removes the OUTPUT jump to NETBIRD-NAT-OUTPUT among
+	// the others, so the chain below deletes cleanly instead of failing
+	// with "device or resource busy".
+	if err := r.cleanJumpRules(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("clean jump rules: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	for _, chainInfo := range []struct {
+		chain string
+		table string
+	}{
+		{chainRTFwdIn, tableFilter},
+		{chainRTFwdOut, tableFilter},
+		{chainRTPre, tableMangle},
+		{chainRTNAT, tableNat},
+		{chainRTRdr, tableNat},
+		{chainNATOutput, tableNat},
+		{chainRTMSSClamp, tableMangle},
+	} {
+		ok, err := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain)
+		if err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("check chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		if ok {
+			if err := r.iptablesClient.ClearAndDeleteChain(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("clear and delete chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) cleanJumpRules() error {
+	// locations maps each jump rule to the built-in table and chain it
+	// was inserted into, plus the netbird chain it targets.
+	locations := map[firewall.RuleID]struct{ table, chain, target string }{
+		jumpNATPost:   {tableNat, chainPostrouting, chainRTNAT},
+		jumpManglePre: {tableMangle, chainPrerouting, chainRTPre},
+		jumpNATPre:    {tableNat, chainPrerouting, chainRTRdr},
+		jumpMSSClamp:  {tableMangle, chainForward, chainRTMSSClamp},
+		jumpNATOutput: {tableNat, chainOutput, chainNATOutput},
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for ruleID, loc := range locations {
+		rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]
+		if !exists {
+			// Untracked (e.g. fresh start after an unclean shutdown with no
+			// restored state): if the target chain survived, remove the stale
+			// jump to it so the chain can be deleted.
+			ok, err := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(loc.table, loc.target)
+			if err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("check chain %s in table %s: %w", loc.target, loc.table, err))
+				continue
+			}
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			rule = jumpRuleSpec(loc.target)
+		}
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(loc.table, loc.chain, rule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete rule from chain %s in table %s: %w", loc.chain, loc.table, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// jumpRuleSpec builds the iptables rule spec that jumps to target. Create
+// and cleanup sites share it so the installed and deleted specs cannot drift.
+func jumpRuleSpec(target string) []string {
+	return []string{"-j", target}
+}
+
+func (r *family) cleanAclChains() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := r.cleanInputAclChain(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, rule := range r.entries[mangleForwardKey] {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainForward, rule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete mangle %s guard rule %v: %w", chainForward, rule, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) cleanInputAclChain() error {
+	ok, err := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(tableFilter, chainACLInput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("check chain %s: %w", chainACLInput, err)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, rule := range r.entries[chainInput] {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, chainInput, rule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete %s rule %v: %w", chainInput, rule, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, rule := range r.entries[chainForward] {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, chainForward, rule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete %s rule %v: %w", chainForward, rule, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.ClearAndDeleteChain(tableFilter, chainACLInput); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("clear and delete %s chain: %w", chainACLInput, err))
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) cleanupDataPlaneMark() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	if preRule, exists := r.rules[markManglePre]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainPrerouting, preRule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove mangle prerouting rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			delete(r.rules, markManglePre)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if postRule, exists := r.rules[markManglePost]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainPostrouting, postRule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove mangle postrouting rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			delete(r.rules, markManglePost)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/dnat_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/dnat_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eca8386c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/dnat_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package iptables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+)
+
+func (r *family) AddDNATRule(rule firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error) {
+	ruleID := rule.ID()
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID+dnatSuffix]; exists {
+		return rule, nil
+	}
+
+	toDestination := rule.TranslatedAddress.String()
+	switch {
+	case len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 0:
+		// no translated port, use original port
+	case len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 1:
+		toDestination += fmt.Sprintf(":%d", rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0])
+	case rule.TranslatedPort.IsRange && len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 2:
+		// need the "/originalport" suffix to avoid dnat port randomization
+		toDestination += fmt.Sprintf(":%d-%d/%d", rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0], rule.TranslatedPort.Values[1], rule.DestinationPort.Values[0])
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid translated port: %v", rule.TranslatedPort)
+	}
+
+	proto := strings.ToLower(string(rule.Protocol))
+
+	rules := make(map[firewall.RuleID]ruleInfo, 3)
+
+	// DNAT rule
+	dnatRule := []string{
+		"!", "-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-p", proto,
+		"-j", "DNAT",
+		"--to-destination", toDestination,
+	}
+	dnatRule = append(dnatRule, applyPort("--dport", &rule.DestinationPort)...)
+	rules[ruleID+dnatSuffix] = ruleInfo{
+		table: tableNat,
+		chain: chainRTRdr,
+		rule:  dnatRule,
+	}
+
+	// SNAT rule
+	snatRule := []string{
+		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-p", proto,
+		"-d", rule.TranslatedAddress.String(),
+		"-j", "MASQUERADE",
+	}
+	snatRule = append(snatRule, applyPort("--dport", &rule.TranslatedPort)...)
+	rules[ruleID+snatSuffix] = ruleInfo{
+		table: tableNat,
+		chain: chainRTNAT,
+		rule:  snatRule,
+	}
+
+	// Forward filtering rule, if fwd policy is DROP
+	forwardRule := []string{
+		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-p", proto,
+		"-d", rule.TranslatedAddress.String(),
+		"-j", "ACCEPT",
+	}
+	forwardRule = append(forwardRule, applyPort("--dport", &rule.TranslatedPort)...)
+	rules[ruleID+fwdSuffix] = ruleInfo{
+		table: tableFilter,
+		chain: chainRTFwdOut,
+		rule:  forwardRule,
+	}
+
+	for key, ruleInfo := range rules {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(ruleInfo.table, ruleInfo.chain, ruleInfo.rule...); err != nil {
+			r.cleanupFailedDNATAdd(rules)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("add rule %s: %w", key, err)
+		}
+		r.rules[key] = ruleInfo.rule
+	}
+
+	if err := r.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(r.v6); err != nil {
+		r.cleanupFailedDNATAdd(rules)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("enable forwarding: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	r.updateState()
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+// cleanupFailedDNATAdd removes the bookkeeping written by a partially applied
+// AddDNATRule before rolling back the kernel rules, so no entries remain that
+// never got a forwarding refcount. rollbackRules re-adds entries it failed to
+// remove from the kernel.
+func (r *family) cleanupFailedDNATAdd(rules map[firewall.RuleID]ruleInfo) {
+	for key := range rules {
+		delete(r.rules, key)
+	}
+	if err := r.rollbackRules(rules); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("rollback failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *family) rollbackRules(rules map[firewall.RuleID]ruleInfo) error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for key, ruleInfo := range rules {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(ruleInfo.table, ruleInfo.chain, ruleInfo.rule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("rollback rule %s: %w", key, err))
+			// On rollback error, add to rules map for next cleanup
+			r.rules[key] = ruleInfo.rule
+		}
+	}
+	if merr != nil {
+		r.updateState()
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
+	ruleID := rule.ID()
+
+	_, hadDNAT := r.rules[ruleID+dnatSuffix]
+	_, hadSNAT := r.rules[ruleID+snatSuffix]
+	_, hadFWD := r.rules[ruleID+fwdSuffix]
+	if !hadDNAT && !hadSNAT && !hadFWD {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	if dnatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID+dnatSuffix]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, chainRTRdr, dnatRule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete DNAT rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			delete(r.rules, ruleID+dnatSuffix)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if snatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID+snatSuffix]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, chainRTNAT, snatRule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete SNAT rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			delete(r.rules, ruleID+snatSuffix)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if fwdRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID+fwdSuffix]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableFilter, chainRTFwdOut, fwdRule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete forward rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			delete(r.rules, ruleID+fwdSuffix)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Release the refcount only once all rules are gone from the kernel. On
+	// partial failure the failed entries stay in r.rules so a retry can remove
+	// them and release then.
+	if merr == nil {
+		r.releaseForwarding()
+	}
+
+	r.updateState()
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// releaseForwarding drops one IP forwarding reference, logging any error.
+func (r *family) releaseForwarding() {
+	if err := r.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(r.v6); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("release IP forwarding: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *family) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	ruleID := firewall.RuleID(fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, originalPort, translatedPort))
+
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	dnatRule := []string{
+		"-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-p", strings.ToLower(protoForFamily(protocol, r.v6)),
+		"--dport", strconv.Itoa(int(originalPort)),
+		"-d", localAddr.String(),
+		"-m", "addrtype", "--dst-type", "LOCAL",
+		"-j", "DNAT",
+		"--to-destination", ":" + strconv.Itoa(int(translatedPort)),
+	}
+
+	info := ruleInfo{
+		table: tableNat,
+		chain: chainRTRdr,
+		rule:  dnatRule,
+	}
+
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(info.table, info.chain, info.rule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[ruleID] = info.rule
+
+	r.updateState()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
+func (r *family) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	ruleID := firewall.RuleID(fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, originalPort, translatedPort))
+
+	if dnatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, chainRTRdr, dnatRule...); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("delete inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+	}
+
+	r.updateState()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ensureNATOutputChain lazily creates the OUTPUT NAT chain and jump rule on first use.
+func (r *family) ensureNATOutputChain() error {
+	if _, exists := r.rules[jumpNATOutput]; exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	chainExists, err := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(tableNat, chainNATOutput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("check chain %s: %w", chainNATOutput, err)
+	}
+	if !chainExists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.NewChain(tableNat, chainNATOutput); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("create chain %s: %w", chainNATOutput, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	jumpRule := jumpRuleSpec(chainNATOutput)
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainOutput, 1, jumpRule...); err != nil {
+		if !chainExists {
+			if delErr := r.iptablesClient.ClearAndDeleteChain(tableNat, chainNATOutput); delErr != nil {
+				log.Warnf("failed to rollback chain %s: %v", chainNATOutput, delErr)
+			}
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("add OUTPUT jump rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[jumpNATOutput] = jumpRule
+
+	r.updateState()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AddOutputDNAT adds an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule for locally-generated traffic.
+func (r *family) AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	ruleID := firewall.RuleID(fmt.Sprintf("output-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, originalPort, translatedPort))
+
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := r.ensureNATOutputChain(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dnatRule := []string{
+		"-p", strings.ToLower(protoForFamily(protocol, localAddr.Is6())),
+		"--dport", strconv.Itoa(int(originalPort)),
+		"-d", localAddr.String(),
+		"-j", "DNAT",
+		"--to-destination", ":" + strconv.Itoa(int(translatedPort)),
+	}
+
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableNat, chainNATOutput, dnatRule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add output DNAT rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[ruleID] = dnatRule
+
+	r.updateState()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveOutputDNAT removes an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule.
+func (r *family) RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	ruleID := firewall.RuleID(fmt.Sprintf("output-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, originalPort, translatedPort))
+
+	if dnatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, chainNATOutput, dnatRule...); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("delete output DNAT rule: %w", err)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+	}
+
+	r.updateState()
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/dnat_refcount_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/iptables/dnat_refcount_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40ebc6cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/dnat_refcount_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package iptables
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+)
+
+func iptRefcountIfaceV4() *iFaceMock {
+	return &iFaceMock{
+		NameFunc: func() string { return "wt-refcount" },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.0/24"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func iptRefcountIfaceDual() *iFaceMock {
+	return &iFaceMock{
+		NameFunc: func() string { return "wt-refcount" },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.0/24"),
+				IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+				IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func newIptRefcountManager(t *testing.T, dual bool) *Manager {
+	t.Helper()
+	var ifMock *iFaceMock
+	if dual {
+		ifMock = iptRefcountIfaceDual()
+	} else {
+		ifMock = iptRefcountIfaceV4()
+	}
+	m, err := Create(ifMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create manager")
+	require.NoError(t, m.Init(nil), "init manager")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil), "close manager")
+	})
+	return m
+}
+
+func iptDnatV4(port uint16) fw.ForwardRule {
+	return fw.ForwardRule{
+		Protocol:          fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		DestinationPort:   fw.Port{Values: []uint16{port}},
+		TranslatedAddress: netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.2"),
+		TranslatedPort:    fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+	}
+}
+
+func iptDnatV6(port uint16) fw.ForwardRule {
+	return fw.ForwardRule{
+		Protocol:          fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		DestinationPort:   fw.Port{Values: []uint16{port}},
+		TranslatedAddress: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
+		TranslatedPort:    fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIptablesRouting_RepeatedEnableSingleReference verifies that EnableRouting
+// (called on every network-map update) holds at most one reference per family
+// and a single DisableRouting drops both back to zero.
+func TestIptablesRouting_RepeatedEnableSingleReference(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newIptRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.EnableRouting(), "first enable")
+	require.NoError(t, m.EnableRouting(), "second enable")
+	require.NoError(t, m.EnableRouting(), "third enable")
+	v4, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "repeated enable holds a single v4 reference")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "repeated enable holds a single v6 reference")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DisableRouting(), "disable")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "single disable releases the v4 reference")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "single disable releases the v6 reference")
+}
+
+// TestIptablesRouting_DisableKeepsDNATReference verifies that an unpaired
+// DisableRouting does not release references held by active DNAT rules.
+func TestIptablesRouting_DisableKeepsDNATReference(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newIptRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(iptDnatV6(9095))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 dnat")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DisableRouting(), "unpaired disable")
+	_, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "DNAT-held reference survives unpaired DisableRouting")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1), "delete v6 dnat")
+	_, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "delete releases the DNAT reference")
+}
+
+// TestIptablesDNAT_RefcountBalancedV4 covers a Balanced Add/Delete pair on v4.
+func TestIptablesDNAT_RefcountBalancedV4(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newIptRefcountManager(t, false)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(iptDnatV4(7081))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v4 dnat 1")
+	v4, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "v4 refcount after first add")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unchanged")
+
+	r2, err := m.AddDNATRule(iptDnatV4(7082))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v4 dnat 2")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, v4, "v4 refcount after second add")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unchanged")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1))
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "v4 refcount after first delete")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unchanged")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r2))
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "v4 refcount after second delete")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unchanged")
+}
+
+// TestIptablesDNAT_RefcountBalancedV6 checks the v6 path increments v6 only and
+// decrements back to zero.
+func TestIptablesDNAT_RefcountBalancedV6(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newIptRefcountManager(t, true)
+	require.NotNil(t, m.family6, "v6 family")
+	require.Same(t, m.family4.ipFwdState, m.family6.ipFwdState, "shared state")
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(iptDnatV6(9081))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 dnat 1")
+	v4, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "v6 refcount after first add")
+
+	r2, err := m.AddDNATRule(iptDnatV6(9082))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 dnat 2")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "v4 refcount unchanged")
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, v6, "v6 refcount after second add")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1))
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "v4 refcount unchanged")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "v6 refcount after first delete")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r2))
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount after second delete")
+}
+
+// TestIptablesDNAT_DuplicateAddNoLeak verifies the duplicate-rule path returns
+// without bumping the refcount.
+func TestIptablesDNAT_DuplicateAddNoLeak(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newIptRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	rule := iptDnatV4(7083)
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(rule)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	v4, _ := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4)
+
+	_, err = m.AddDNATRule(rule)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "duplicate add")
+	v4, _ = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "duplicate add must not increment")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1))
+	v4, _ = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "single delete must drop to zero")
+}
+
+// TestIptablesDNAT_DeleteMissingNoUnderflow verifies Delete on an unknown rule
+// neither errors nor releases the refcount.
+func TestIptablesDNAT_DeleteMissingNoUnderflow(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newIptRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	phantom := iptDnatV4(7099)
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(&phantom), "delete missing v4")
+	v4, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6)
+
+	phantom6 := iptDnatV6(9099)
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(&phantom6), "delete missing v6")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6)
+
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(iptDnatV4(7100))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	v4, _ = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "real add still increments after phantom delete")
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1))
+}
+
+// TestIptablesDNAT_DoubleDeleteNoUnderflow verifies a second Delete on the same
+// rule is a no-op.
+func TestIptablesDNAT_DoubleDeleteNoUnderflow(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newIptRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(iptDnatV6(9083))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6)
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1), "first delete")
+	_, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6)
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1), "second delete must be no-op")
+	_, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "double delete must not underflow")
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/family_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/family_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5ed8cc20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/family_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package iptables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"maps"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+)
+
+// constants needed to manage and create iptable rules
+const (
+	tableFilter = "filter"
+	tableNat    = "nat"
+	tableMangle = "mangle"
+
+	// chainACLInput is the peer ACL chain that holds installed
+	// peer-filtering rules.
+	chainACLInput = "NETBIRD-ACL-INPUT"
+
+	// mangleForwardKey is the entries map key for mangle FORWARD guard
+	// rules that prevent external DNAT from bypassing ACL rules.
+	mangleForwardKey chainKey = "MANGLE-FORWARD"
+
+	chainInput       = "INPUT"
+	chainPostrouting = "POSTROUTING"
+	chainPrerouting  = "PREROUTING"
+	chainForward     = "FORWARD"
+	chainRTNAT       = "NETBIRD-RT-NAT"
+	chainRTFwdIn     = "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-IN"
+	chainRTFwdOut    = "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-OUT"
+	chainRTPre       = "NETBIRD-RT-PRE"
+	chainRTRdr       = "NETBIRD-RT-RDR"
+	chainNATOutput   = "NETBIRD-NAT-OUTPUT"
+	chainRTMSSClamp  = "NETBIRD-RT-MSSCLAMP"
+
+	jumpManglePre  = "jump-mangle-pre"
+	jumpNATPre     = "jump-nat-pre"
+	jumpNATPost    = "jump-nat-post"
+	jumpNATOutput  = "jump-nat-output"
+	jumpMSSClamp   = "jump-mss-clamp"
+	markManglePre  = "mark-mangle-pre"
+	markManglePost = "mark-mangle-post"
+	matchSet       = "--match-set"
+
+	dnatSuffix firewall.RuleID = "_dnat"
+	snatSuffix firewall.RuleID = "_snat"
+	fwdSuffix  firewall.RuleID = "_fwd"
+
+	// ipv4TCPHeaderSize is the minimum IPv4 (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation.
+	ipv4TCPHeaderSize = 40
+	// ipv6TCPHeaderSize is the minimum IPv6 (40) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation.
+	ipv6TCPHeaderSize = 60
+)
+
+type ruleInfo struct {
+	chain string
+	table string
+	rule  []string
+}
+
+type routeRules map[firewall.RuleID][]string
+
+// ruleSpec is a single iptables rule expressed as its argument list
+// (e.g. {"-i", "wg0", "-j", "DROP"}).
+type ruleSpec []string
+
+// chainKey identifies the chain a seeded entry belongs to. It holds
+// built-in chain names ("INPUT", "FORWARD", "PREROUTING") plus the
+// synthetic mangleForwardKey bucket for the mangle FORWARD guard rules.
+type chainKey string
+
+// aclEntries maps a chain to the rules seeded into it to jump into or
+// guard the netbird ACL chains.
+type aclEntries map[chainKey][]ruleSpec
+
+type entry struct {
+	spec     ruleSpec
+	position int
+}
+
+// ipsetCounter is the shared hash:net refcounter used by peer and
+// route ACLs alike. The ipset library does not support comments, so
+// the key is just the set name (string).
+type ipsetCounter = refcounter.Counter[string, []netip.Prefix, struct{}]
+
+// family holds the per-address-family iptables state. One instance
+// handles route ACLs, peer ACLs, NAT, DNAT, and MSS clamping for a
+// single family; the top-level Manager owns one for v4 and another
+// for v6.
+type family struct {
+	iptablesClient *iptables.IPTables
+	wgIface        iFaceMapper
+	v6             bool
+
+	// Peer ACL chain bookkeeping.
+	entries         aclEntries
+	optionalEntries map[chainKey][]entry
+
+	// filters holds peer + route filter rules keyed by content hash.
+	// AddFilterRule writes here; DeleteFilterRule looks up by id.
+	filters      map[nbid.RuleID]*Rule
+	ipsetCounter *ipsetCounter
+	// ipsetSupported records whether the kernel can create the hash:net
+	// sets the source matches rely on; probed once at init. When false,
+	// multi-source rules expand to one rule per source prefix.
+	ipsetSupported bool
+
+	// rules holds NAT, jump, and MSS-clamping rules (auxiliary
+	// plumbing that isn't a filter rule).
+	rules routeRules
+
+	// Routing / NAT.
+	legacyManagement bool
+	mtu              uint16
+	ipFwdState       *ipfwdstate.IPForwardingState
+
+	stateManager *statemanager.Manager
+}
+
+func newFamily(iptablesClient *iptables.IPTables, wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*family, error) {
+	r := &family{
+		iptablesClient:  iptablesClient,
+		wgIface:         wgIface,
+		v6:              iptablesClient.Proto() == iptables.ProtocolIPv6,
+		entries:         make(aclEntries),
+		optionalEntries: make(map[chainKey][]entry),
+		filters:         make(map[nbid.RuleID]*Rule),
+		rules:           make(routeRules),
+		mtu:             mtu,
+		ipFwdState:      ipfwdstate.NewIPForwardingState(wgIface.Name()),
+	}
+
+	r.ipsetCounter = refcounter.New(
+		func(name string, sources []netip.Prefix) (struct{}, error) {
+			return struct{}{}, r.createIpSet(name, sources)
+		},
+		func(name string, _ struct{}) error {
+			return r.deleteIpSet(name)
+		},
+	)
+
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+// init wires the family to the state manager and installs both the
+// route ACL containers and the peer ACL chain skeleton.
+func (r *family) init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
+	r.stateManager = stateManager
+
+	r.ipsetSupported = r.probeIPSetSupport()
+
+	if err := r.cleanUpDefaultForwardRules(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to clean up rules from FORWARD chain: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.createContainers(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create containers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.setupDataPlaneMark(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to set up data plane mark: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	r.seedInitialEntries()
+	r.seedInitialOptionalEntries()
+
+	if err := r.cleanAclChains(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("clean acl chains: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := r.createDefaultChains(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create default chains: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	r.updateState()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Reset tears down all firewall state owned by this family. ACL
+// chain cleanup runs before route-chain cleanup because the route
+// chains are still referenced by FORWARD jumps installed during
+// seedInitialEntries; deleting them first would trip EBUSY.
+func (r *family) Reset() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := r.cleanAclChains(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.cleanUpDefaultForwardRules(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.ipsetCounter.Flush(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.cleanupDataPlaneMark(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	clear(r.rules)
+	clear(r.filters)
+	r.updateState()
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) updateState() {
+	if r.stateManager == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var currentState *ShutdownState
+	if existing := r.stateManager.GetState(currentState); existing != nil {
+		if existingState, ok := existing.(*ShutdownState); ok {
+			currentState = existingState
+		}
+	}
+	if currentState == nil {
+		currentState = &ShutdownState{}
+	}
+
+	currentState.Lock()
+	defer currentState.Unlock()
+
+	// Clone the rule maps so the persisted state holds a private snapshot.
+	// The live maps keep being mutated by subsequent rule operations while
+	// the state manager marshals the state from its periodic-save goroutine.
+	// Sharing the maps by reference races the two and aborts the process with
+	// a concurrent map iteration and write. The ipset counter guards itself
+	// during marshaling, so it can be shared directly.
+	if r.v6 {
+		currentState.RouteRules6 = maps.Clone(r.rules)
+		currentState.RouteIPsetCounter6 = r.ipsetCounter
+		currentState.ACLEntries6 = maps.Clone(r.entries)
+	} else {
+		currentState.RouteRules = maps.Clone(r.rules)
+		currentState.RouteIPsetCounter = r.ipsetCounter
+		currentState.ACLEntries = maps.Clone(r.entries)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.stateManager.UpdateState(currentState); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update state: %v", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/filter_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/filter_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc606da2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/filter_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package iptables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+)
+
+// AddFilterRule installs a packet-filtering rule. With destination
+// empty, the rule goes to the peer ACL input chain plus a paired
+// mangle PREROUTING rule for the redirect mark. With destination set
+// (prefix or named set), it goes to the route ACL forward chain.
+// Multi-source rules collapse to one iptables rule via the shared
+// hash:net ipset.
+func (r *family) AddFilterRule(
+	id []byte,
+	sources []netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
+	proto firewall.Protocol,
+	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	dPort *firewall.Port,
+	action firewall.Action,
+) (firewall.Rule, error) {
+	ruleID := nbid.GenerateRuleID(sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	if existing, ok := r.filters[ruleID]; ok {
+		return existing, nil
+	}
+
+	rule, err := r.installFilterRules(ruleID, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action, r.ipsetSupported)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	r.filters[ruleID] = rule
+	r.updateState()
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+// installFilterRules resolves the source matches and installs one
+// iptables rule per match. It is more than one rule only when useIPSet
+// is false and a multi-source rule has to be expanded per prefix.
+func (r *family) installFilterRules(
+	ruleID nbid.RuleID,
+	sources []netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
+	proto firewall.Protocol,
+	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	dPort *firewall.Port,
+	action firewall.Action,
+	useIPSet bool,
+) (*Rule, error) {
+	srcMatches, err := r.applySourceMatches(sources, useIPSet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply source match: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rule, err := r.installFilterRule(ruleID, srcMatches, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	if err != nil {
+		for _, srcMatch := range srcMatches {
+			r.dropSourceMatch(srcMatch)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) hasRule(id nbid.RuleID) bool {
+	_, ok := r.filters[id]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// hasDNATRule reports whether this family owns the DNAT rule set for
+// the given user id. DNAT rules live in r.rules under the well-known
+// "<id>_dnat" key; the lookup here is used by Manager.DeleteDNATRule
+// to pick the right family.
+func (r *family) hasDNATRule(id firewall.RuleID) bool {
+	_, ok := r.rules[id+dnatSuffix]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// DeleteFilterRule removes a previously installed filter rule. The
+// rule's stored chain/table identify where to delete from; source set
+// references are recovered from the spec via findSets and dropped
+// from the shared ipset counter.
+func (r *family) DeleteFilterRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
+	ruleID := rule.ID()
+	pr, ok := r.filters[ruleID]
+	if !ok {
+		log.Debugf("filter rule %s not found", ruleID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// DeleteIfExists keeps the deletes idempotent so a retry after a
+	// partial failure does not error on the parts already removed.
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, fs := range pr.allSpecs() {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, pr.chain, fs.specs...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete rule from %s: %w", pr.chain, err))
+		}
+		if fs.mangleSpecs != nil {
+			if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainRTPre, fs.mangleSpecs...); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete mangle rule: %w", err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if merr != nil {
+		// Leave the rule tracked so the caller retries the remaining part.
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+	}
+
+	// The rule is gone from iptables, so untrack it regardless of how the
+	// refcount decrement goes, but surface decrement failures so callers
+	// see the ipset desync. Only the primary spec can reference sets: the
+	// per-prefix expansion never uses them.
+	delete(r.filters, ruleID)
+	r.updateState()
+	if err := r.decrementSetCounter(pr.specs); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("drop source set references: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// findSets scans an iptables rule spec for "-m set --match-set <name>
+// <dir>" fragments and returns the named sets in occurrence order.
+// Used at delete time to drop ipsetCounter references.
+func findSets(rule []string) []string {
+	var sets []string
+	for i, arg := range rule {
+		if arg == "-m" && i+3 < len(rule) && rule[i+1] == "set" && rule[i+2] == matchSet {
+			sets = append(sets, rule[i+3])
+		}
+	}
+	return sets
+}
+
+// sourceNetwork classifies a source-prefix list into the firewall.Network
+// shape the rest of the spec-builder consumes: empty for match-any, a
+// single prefix inline, or an ipset for multiple sources.
+func sourceNetwork(sources []netip.Prefix) firewall.Network {
+	switch {
+	case len(sources) == 0:
+		return firewall.Network{}
+	case len(sources) == 1 && sources[0].Bits() == 0:
+		return firewall.Network{}
+	case len(sources) == 1:
+		return firewall.Network{Prefix: sources[0]}
+	default:
+		return firewall.Network{Set: firewall.NewPrefixSet(sources)}
+	}
+}
+
+// applySourceMatches returns one source match fragment per iptables
+// rule needed for the sources: normally a single fragment (a set match,
+// a direct -s match, or nil for match-any), and one -s fragment per
+// prefix when a multi-source rule cannot use ipset. Per-prefix rules
+// are the only form a kernel without the ipset modules can express.
+func (r *family) applySourceMatches(sources []netip.Prefix, useIPSet bool) ([][]string, error) {
+	network := sourceNetwork(sources)
+	if !network.IsSet() || useIPSet {
+		match, err := r.applySourceMatch(network, sources)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return [][]string{match}, nil
+	}
+
+	matches := make([][]string, 0, len(sources))
+	for _, source := range sources {
+		matches = append(matches, []string{"-s", source.String()})
+	}
+	return matches, nil
+}
+
+// applySourceMatch returns the iptables match fragment for the rule's
+// source. For a Set it increments the shared ipset's refcount; for a
+// Prefix it emits a direct -s match; for the wildcard it returns nil.
+func (r *family) applySourceMatch(network firewall.Network, prefixes []netip.Prefix) ([]string, error) {
+	switch {
+	case network.IsSet():
+		if r.ipsetCounter == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("multi-source peer rule requires shared ipset counter")
+		}
+		name := r.ipsetName(network.Set.HashedName())
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(name, prefixes); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("ipset increment %s: %w", name, err)
+		}
+		return []string{"-m", "set", matchSet, name, "src"}, nil
+	case network.IsPrefix():
+		return []string{"-s", network.Prefix.String()}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// dropSourceMatch undoes whatever applySourceMatch reserved when
+// installing a rule fails. Safe to call when the spec is empty or holds
+// only inline matchers. Decrement errors are logged but not returned:
+// the install error is what the caller needs to see.
+func (r *family) dropSourceMatch(srcMatch []string) {
+	if r.ipsetCounter == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, name := range findSets(srcMatch) {
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(name); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("rollback ipset decrement %s: %v", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// decrementSetCounter drops ipset references owned by a raw rule spec
+// stored in r.rules (NAT / legacy route entries). It returns an error
+// aggregate so the caller surfaces decrement failures.
+func (r *family) decrementSetCounter(rule []string) error {
+	if r.ipsetCounter == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, name := range findSets(rule) {
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(name); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("decrement counter: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// installFilterRule assembles and writes the iptables filter-chain
+// rules for one filter rule, one per source match fragment. With
+// destination empty the rules land in the peer ACL input chain and each
+// gets a paired mangle PREROUTING rule for the redirect mark. With
+// destination set the rules land in the route ACL forward chain and
+// there is no mangle pairing.
+func (r *family) installFilterRule(
+	ruleID nbid.RuleID,
+	srcMatches [][]string,
+	destination firewall.Network,
+	protocol firewall.Protocol,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
+	action firewall.Action,
+) (*Rule, error) {
+	isRoute := !destination.IsZero()
+
+	proto := protoForFamily(protocol, r.v6)
+
+	var destExp []string
+	if isRoute {
+		var err error
+		destExp, err = r.applyNetwork("-d", destination, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply network -d: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	matchSpecs := filterMatchSpecs(proto, sPort, dPort)
+
+	chain := chainACLInput
+	if isRoute {
+		chain = chainRTFwdIn
+	}
+
+	var installed []filterSpecs
+	for _, srcMatch := range srcMatches {
+		specs := slices.Clone(srcMatch)
+		specs = append(specs, destExp...)
+		specs = append(specs, matchSpecs...)
+
+		var mangleSpecs []string
+		if !isRoute {
+			mangleSpecs = slices.Clone(specs)
+			mangleSpecs = append(mangleSpecs,
+				"-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
+				"-m", "addrtype", "--dst-type", "LOCAL",
+				"-j", "MARK", "--set-xmark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
+			)
+		}
+
+		specs = append(specs, "-j", actionToStr(action))
+
+		if err := r.insertFilterRule(chain, action, specs); err != nil {
+			// Leave nothing half-installed: the caller sees an error, so a
+			// partial rule would silently keep matching without being tracked.
+			r.removeFilterSpecs(chain, installed)
+			r.dropSourceMatch(destExp)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("install filter rule on %s: %w", chain, err)
+		}
+
+		// The mangle redirect-mark rule is best effort: the filter rule itself
+		// is what enforces the ACL, so a mangle failure must not undo it. Drop
+		// the spec so teardown does not try to remove a rule that was not added.
+		if mangleSpecs != nil {
+			if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableMangle, chainRTPre, mangleSpecs...); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("add mangle rule: %v", err)
+				mangleSpecs = nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		installed = append(installed, filterSpecs{specs: specs, mangleSpecs: mangleSpecs})
+	}
+
+	return &Rule{
+		id:          ruleID,
+		specs:       installed[0].specs,
+		mangleSpecs: installed[0].mangleSpecs,
+		extraRules:  installed[1:],
+		chain:       chain,
+		v6:          r.v6,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// insertFilterRule writes one assembled rule spec into the given ACL
+// chain. Peer ACL drops are inserted at position 1 so they precede the
+// chain's catch-all; route ACL drops are inserted at position 2 to sit
+// immediately after the established/related accept rule.
+func (r *family) insertFilterRule(chain string, action firewall.Action, specs []string) error {
+	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
+		pos := 1
+		if chain == chainRTFwdIn {
+			pos = 2
+		}
+		return r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chain, pos, specs...)
+	}
+	return r.iptablesClient.Append(tableFilter, chain, specs...)
+}
+
+// removeFilterSpecs deletes the already-installed rules of a partially
+// applied filter rule.
+func (r *family) removeFilterSpecs(chain string, installed []filterSpecs) {
+	for _, fs := range installed {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, chain, fs.specs...); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("delete partial filter rule: %v", err)
+		}
+		if fs.mangleSpecs != nil {
+			if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainRTPre, fs.mangleSpecs...); err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("delete partial mangle rule: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// applyNetwork resolves a firewall.Network into the iptables match
+// fragment for the given direction flag (-s or -d). Set networks
+// increment the shared ipset refcount; prefixes emit a direct match;
+// an empty network returns no spec ("match any").
+func (r *family) applyNetwork(flag string, network firewall.Network, prefixes []netip.Prefix) ([]string, error) {
+	direction := "src"
+	if flag == "-d" {
+		direction = "dst"
+	}
+
+	if network.IsSet() {
+		// A destination set is populated later from DNS results, so unlike a
+		// source set it cannot be expanded into per-prefix rules. Without
+		// ipset such a rule is not expressible; report it instead of
+		// installing something broader than the policy allows.
+		if flag == "-d" && !r.ipsetSupported {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("destination set %s requires ipset (ip_set_hash_net and xt_set)", network.Set.HashedName())
+		}
+
+		name := r.ipsetName(network.Set.HashedName())
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(name, prefixes); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		return []string{"-m", "set", matchSet, name, direction}, nil
+	}
+	if network.IsPrefix() {
+		return []string{flag, network.Prefix.String()}, nil
+	}
+
+	// nolint:nilnil
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// protoForFamily translates ICMP to ICMPv6 for ip6tables.
+// ip6tables requires "ipv6-icmp" (or "icmpv6") instead of "icmp".
+func protoForFamily(protocol firewall.Protocol, v6 bool) string {
+	if v6 && protocol == firewall.ProtocolICMP {
+		return "ipv6-icmp"
+	}
+	return string(protocol)
+}
+
+// filterMatchSpecs returns the proto/port match fragment for a
+// filtering rule. The source match (-s or -m set) is built by the
+// caller and prepended.
+func filterMatchSpecs(protocol string, sPort, dPort *firewall.Port) (specs []string) {
+	if protocol != "all" {
+		specs = append(specs, "-p", protocol)
+	}
+	specs = append(specs, applyPort("--sport", sPort)...)
+	specs = append(specs, applyPort("--dport", dPort)...)
+	return specs
+}
+
+func actionToStr(action firewall.Action) string {
+	if action == firewall.ActionAccept {
+		return "ACCEPT"
+	}
+	return "DROP"
+}
+
+func applyPort(flag string, port *firewall.Port) []string {
+	if port == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if port.IsRange && len(port.Values) == 2 {
+		return []string{flag, fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", port.Values[0], port.Values[1])}
+	}
+
+	if len(port.Values) > 1 {
+		portList := make([]string, len(port.Values))
+		for i, p := range port.Values {
+			portList[i] = strconv.Itoa(int(p))
+		}
+		return []string{"-m", "multiport", flag, strings.Join(portList, ",")}
+	}
+
+	return []string{flag, strconv.Itoa(int(port.Values[0]))}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/interface_allower_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/interface_allower_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40e9728e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/interface_allower_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package iptables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+)
+
+// InterfaceAllower opens the NetBird interface on the iptables filter INPUT
+// chain so the host firewall doesn't drop traffic the userspace firewall
+// handles. It is the fallback used when nftables is unavailable (an
+// iptables-legacy host).
+//
+// It opens INPUT only: the userspace router never forwards in the kernel.
+// firewalld trust is handled by the uspfilter manager, not here.
+type InterfaceAllower struct {
+	ifaceName string
+	ipt4      *iptables.IPTables
+	// ipt6 is nil when the interface has no IPv6 overlay address.
+	ipt6 *iptables.IPTables
+}
+
+// NewInterfaceAllower builds an iptables allower for the interface. It returns
+// an error when iptables is unavailable, so the caller can fall back to
+// firewalld trust.
+func NewInterfaceAllower(wgIface iFaceMapper) (*InterfaceAllower, error) {
+	ipt4, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iptables not available: %w", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := ipt4.ListChains(tableFilter); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iptables filter table not available: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	a := &InterfaceAllower{ifaceName: wgIface.Name(), ipt4: ipt4}
+
+	// Missing v6 must not break the v4 path: open v4 only and continue.
+	if wgIface.Address().HasIPv6() {
+		ipt6, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv6)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("ip6tables not available, opening interface on v4 only: %v", err)
+		} else if _, err := ipt6.ListChains(tableFilter); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("ip6tables filter table not available, opening interface on v4 only: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			a.ipt6 = ipt6
+		}
+	}
+
+	return a, nil
+}
+
+// Apply inserts the interface accept rule on the filter INPUT chain. It removes
+// any stale rule first so an unclean exit (e.g. SIGKILL, where Close never ran)
+// is recovered deterministically rather than accumulating duplicates.
+func (a *InterfaceAllower) Apply() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, ipt := range a.clients() {
+		if err := ipt.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, chainInput, a.inputRule()...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("clean stale interface accept rule: %w", err))
+		}
+		if err := ipt.Insert(tableFilter, chainInput, 1, a.inputRule()...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add interface accept rule: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// Close removes the interface accept rule.
+func (a *InterfaceAllower) Close() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, ipt := range a.clients() {
+		if err := ipt.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, chainInput, a.inputRule()...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove interface accept rule: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (a *InterfaceAllower) inputRule() []string {
+	return []string{"-i", a.ifaceName, "-j", "ACCEPT"}
+}
+
+func (a *InterfaceAllower) clients() []*iptables.IPTables {
+	clients := []*iptables.IPTables{a.ipt4}
+	if a.ipt6 != nil {
+		clients = append(clients, a.ipt6)
+	}
+	return clients
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/ipset_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/ipset_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a3685af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/ipset_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package iptables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	"github.com/lrh3321/ipset-go"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+)
+
+// probeIPSetSupport checks whether the kernel can create the ipset type
+// used for source and destination matches. On kernels lacking the
+// required ipset hash module, set creation fails (e.g. "invalid
+// argument"), which would otherwise fail every multi-source rule and
+// leave traffic the policy permits blocked by the catch-all drop. When
+// unsupported, multi-source rules fall back to one rule per prefix.
+func (r *family) probeIPSetSupport() bool {
+	// Use a unique name so concurrent processes don't collide and we only ever
+	// destroy the set we created ourselves. ipset names are limited to 31 chars,
+	// so use a short random suffix.
+	probeName := "nb-probe-" + uuid.New().String()[:8]
+
+	if err := r.createIPSet(probeName); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("ipset is not available (failed to create probe set: %v); "+
+			"falling back to per-IP iptables ACL rules. Ensure the kernel provides "+
+			"the ipset hash:net module (ip_set_hash_net) for better performance with large rule sets", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if err := r.destroyIPSet(probeName); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("destroy ipset probe set %q: %v", probeName, err)
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func (r *family) createIpSet(setName string, sources []netip.Prefix) error {
+	if err := r.createIPSet(setName); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create set %s: %w", setName, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, prefix := range sources {
+		if err := r.addPrefixToIPSet(setName, prefix); err != nil {
+			// The refcounter records nothing when this callback errors,
+			// so destroy the set or it leaks in the kernel. A partial
+			// source set would also fail-open for deny rules, so the
+			// rule must fail rather than install with a missing source.
+			if derr := r.destroyIPSet(setName); derr != nil {
+				log.Warnf("rollback ipset %s after add failure: %v", setName, derr)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("add element to set %s: %w", setName, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) deleteIpSet(setName string) error {
+	if err := r.destroyIPSet(setName); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("destroy set %s: %w", setName, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("deleted unused ipset %s", setName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	name := r.ipsetName(set.HashedName())
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		if err := r.addPrefixToIPSet(name, prefix); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add prefix to ipset: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	if merr == nil {
+		log.Debugf("updated set %s with prefixes %v", name, prefixes)
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) ipsetName(name string) string {
+	if r.v6 {
+		return name + "-v6"
+	}
+	return name
+}
+
+func (r *family) createIPSet(name string) error {
+	opts := ipset.CreateOptions{
+		Replace: true,
+	}
+	if r.v6 {
+		opts.Family = ipset.FamilyIPV6
+	}
+
+	if err := ipset.Create(name, ipset.TypeHashNet, opts); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create ipset %s: %w", name, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("created ipset %s with type hash:net", name)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) addPrefixToIPSet(name string, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	addr := prefix.Addr()
+	ip := addr.AsSlice()
+
+	entry := &ipset.Entry{
+		IP:      ip,
+		CIDR:    uint8(prefix.Bits()),
+		Replace: true,
+	}
+
+	if err := ipset.Add(name, entry); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add prefix to ipset %s: %w", name, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) destroyIPSet(name string) error {
+	return ipset.Destroy(name)
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux.go
index 7d8cd7f8c..49b88f1ea 100644
--- a/client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux.go
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package iptables
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -18,16 +17,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
 
-// Manager of iptables firewall
+// Manager of iptables firewall. Per-family state (peer ACLs, route
+// ACLs, NAT, DNAT, MSS clamping) lives on family; Manager dispatches
+// by family and provides the public firewall.Manager surface.
 type Manager struct {
 	mutex sync.Mutex
 
 	wgIface iFaceMapper
 
 	ipv4Client   *iptables.IPTables
-	aclMgr       *aclManager
-	router       *router
+	family4      *family
 	rawSupported bool
+
+	// IPv6 counterparts, nil when no v6 overlay
+	ipv6Client *iptables.IPTables
+	family6    *family
 }
 
 // iFaceMapper defines subset methods of interface required for manager
@@ -48,25 +52,51 @@ func Create(wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
 		ipv4Client: iptablesClient,
 	}
 
-	m.router, err = newRouter(iptablesClient, wgIface, mtu)
+	m.family4, err = newFamily(iptablesClient, wgIface, mtu)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create router: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create family: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	m.aclMgr, err = newAclManager(iptablesClient, wgIface)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create acl manager: %w", err)
+	if wgIface.Address().HasIPv6() {
+		if err := m.createIPv6Components(wgIface, mtu); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create IPv6 firewall: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return m, nil
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) createIPv6Components(wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) error {
+	ip6Client, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv6)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("init ip6tables: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	family6, err := newFamily(ip6Client, wgIface, mtu)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create v6 family: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Share the same IP forwarding state with the v4 family, since the
+	// forwarding refcounter is per-family but shared between both families.
+	family6.ipFwdState = m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	m.ipv6Client = ip6Client
+	m.family6 = family6
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) hasIPv6() bool {
+	return m.ipv6Client != nil
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) Init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	state := &ShutdownState{
 		InterfaceState: &InterfaceState{
 			NameStr:   m.wgIface.Name(),
 			WGAddress: m.wgIface.Address(),
-			MTU:       m.router.mtu,
+			MTU:       m.family4.mtu,
 		},
 	}
 	stateManager.RegisterState(state)
@@ -74,13 +104,8 @@ func (m *Manager) Init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update state: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := m.router.init(stateManager); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("router init: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := m.aclMgr.init(stateManager); err != nil {
-		// TODO: cleanup router
-		return fmt.Errorf("acl manager init: %w", err)
+	if err := m.initChains(stateManager); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	if err := m.initNoTrackChain(); err != nil {
@@ -103,55 +128,78 @@ func (m *Manager) Init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// AddPeerFiltering adds a rule to the firewall
-//
-// Comment will be ignored because some system this feature is not supported
-func (m *Manager) AddPeerFiltering(
-	id []byte,
-	ip net.IP,
-	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-	ipsetName string,
-) ([]firewall.Rule, error) {
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+// initChains initializes the per-family firewall state for both
+// address families, rolling back on failure.
+func (m *Manager) initChains(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
+	type initStep struct {
+		name string
+		r    *family
+	}
 
-	return m.aclMgr.AddPeerFiltering(id, ip, proto, sPort, dPort, action, ipsetName)
+	steps := []initStep{{"v4", m.family4}}
+	if m.hasIPv6() {
+		steps = append(steps, initStep{"v6", m.family6})
+	}
+
+	var initialized []initStep
+	for _, s := range steps {
+		if err := s.r.init(stateManager); err != nil {
+			for i := len(initialized) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+				if rerr := initialized[i].r.Reset(); rerr != nil {
+					log.Warnf("rollback %s: %v", initialized[i].name, rerr)
+				}
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s init: %w", s.name, err)
+		}
+		initialized = append(initialized, s)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
+// AddFilterRule installs a packet-filtering rule. See firewall.Manager
+// docs for destination semantics. Sources are a single address family;
+// the rule is dispatched to the matching v4 / v6 backend.
+func (m *Manager) AddFilterRule(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
 	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
+	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	if destination.IsPrefix() && !destination.Prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Prefix.Addr().String())
+	if len(sources) == 0 {
+		return nil, firewall.ErrNoSources
 	}
 
-	return m.router.AddRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
-}
-
-// DeletePeerRule from the firewall by rule definition
-func (m *Manager) DeletePeerRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.aclMgr.DeletePeerRule(rule)
+	fam := m.family4
+	if isIPv6Rule(sources, destination) {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("add filtering: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		fam = m.family6
+	}
+	return fam.AddFilterRule(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
+// DeleteFilterRule removes a rule previously added via AddFilterRule.
+// The rule is looked up by id in each family's filter cache.
+func (m *Manager) DeleteFilterRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.DeleteRouteRule(rule)
+	id := rule.ID()
+	if m.family4.hasRule(id) {
+		return m.family4.DeleteFilterRule(rule)
+	}
+	if m.hasIPv6() && m.family6.hasRule(id) {
+		return m.family6.DeleteFilterRule(rule)
+	}
+	log.Debugf("filter rule %s not found in any family", id)
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) IsServerRouteSupported() bool {
@@ -166,18 +214,68 @@ func (m *Manager) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.AddNatRule(pair)
+	if pair.Destination.IsPrefix() && pair.Destination.Prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add NAT rule: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.AddNatRule(pair)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.family4.AddNatRule(pair); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Dynamic routes need NAT in both tables since resolved IPs can be
+	// either v4 or v6. This covers both DomainSet (modern) and the legacy
+	// wildcard 0.0.0.0/0 destination where the client resolves DNS.
+	if m.hasIPv6() && pair.Dynamic {
+		v6Pair := firewall.ToV6NatPair(pair)
+		if err := m.family6.AddNatRule(v6Pair); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add v6 NAT rule: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.RemoveNatRule(pair)
+	if pair.Destination.IsPrefix() && pair.Destination.Prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return m.family6.RemoveNatRule(pair)
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := m.family4.RemoveNatRule(pair); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove v4 NAT rule: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	if m.hasIPv6() && pair.Dynamic {
+		v6Pair := firewall.ToV6NatPair(pair)
+		if err := m.family6.RemoveNatRule(v6Pair); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove v6 NAT rule: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy bool) error {
-	return firewall.SetLegacyManagement(m.router, isLegacy)
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if err := firewall.SetLegacyManagement(m.family4, isLegacy); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if m.hasIPv6() {
+		return firewall.SetLegacyManagement(m.family6, isLegacy)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Reset firewall to the default state
@@ -191,11 +289,14 @@ func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("cleanup notrack chain: %w", err))
 	}
 
-	if err := m.aclMgr.Reset(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("reset acl manager: %w", err))
+	if m.hasIPv6() {
+		if err := m.family6.Reset(); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("reset v6 family: %w", err))
+		}
 	}
-	if err := m.router.Reset(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("reset router: %w", err))
+
+	if err := m.family4.Reset(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("reset family: %w", err))
 	}
 
 	// Appending to merr intentionally blocks DeleteState below so ShutdownState
@@ -214,30 +315,6 @@ func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-// AllowNetbird allows netbird interface traffic.
-// This is called when USPFilter wraps the native firewall, adding blanket accept
-// rules so that packet filtering is handled in userspace instead of by netfilter.
-func (m *Manager) AllowNetbird() error {
-	_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(
-		nil,
-		net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0},
-		firewall.ProtocolALL,
-		nil,
-		nil,
-		firewall.ActionAccept,
-		"",
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("allow netbird interface traffic: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := firewalld.TrustInterface(m.wgIface.Name()); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to trust interface in firewalld: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Flush doesn't need to be implemented for this manager
 func (m *Manager) Flush() error { return nil }
 
@@ -247,17 +324,12 @@ func (m *Manager) SetLogLevel(log.Level) {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) EnableRouting() error {
-	if err := m.router.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("enable IP forwarding: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
+	// v6 only when the overlay actually has v6.
+	return m.family4.ipFwdState.RequestRouting(m.hasIPv6())
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
-	if err := m.router.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("disable IP forwarding: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
+	return m.family4.ipFwdState.ReleaseRouting()
 }
 
 // AddDNATRule adds a DNAT rule
@@ -265,7 +337,13 @@ func (m *Manager) AddDNATRule(rule firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error)
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.AddDNATRule(rule)
+	if rule.TranslatedAddress.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("add DNAT rule: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.AddDNATRule(rule)
+	}
+	return m.family4.AddDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
 // DeleteDNATRule deletes a DNAT rule
@@ -273,7 +351,10 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
+	if m.hasIPv6() && !m.family4.hasDNATRule(rule.ID()) {
+		return m.family6.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
+	}
+	return m.family4.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
 // UpdateSet updates the set with the given prefixes
@@ -281,44 +362,87 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
+	var v4Prefixes, v6Prefixes []netip.Prefix
+	for _, p := range prefixes {
+		if p.Addr().Is6() {
+			v6Prefixes = append(v6Prefixes, p)
+		} else {
+			v4Prefixes = append(v4Prefixes, p)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := m.family4.UpdateSet(set, v4Prefixes); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if m.hasIPv6() && len(v6Prefixes) > 0 {
+		if err := m.family6.UpdateSet(set, v6Prefixes); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("update v6 set: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
-func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add inbound DNAT: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
+	}
+	return m.family4.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
 // RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
-func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove inbound DNAT: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
+	}
+	return m.family4.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
 // AddOutputDNAT adds an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule for locally-generated traffic.
-func (m *Manager) AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.AddOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add output DNAT: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.AddOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
+	}
+	return m.family4.AddOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
 // RemoveOutputDNAT removes an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule.
-func (m *Manager) RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove output DNAT: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
+	}
+	return m.family4.RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
 const (
 	chainNameRaw = "NETBIRD-RAW"
-	chainOUTPUT  = "OUTPUT"
+	chainOutput  = "OUTPUT"
 	tableRaw     = "raw"
 )
 
@@ -393,15 +517,15 @@ func (m *Manager) initNoTrackChain() error {
 
 	jumpRule := []string{"-j", chainNameRaw}
 
-	if err := m.ipv4Client.InsertUnique(tableRaw, chainOUTPUT, 1, jumpRule...); err != nil {
+	if err := m.ipv4Client.InsertUnique(tableRaw, chainOutput, 1, jumpRule...); err != nil {
 		if delErr := m.ipv4Client.DeleteChain(tableRaw, chainNameRaw); delErr != nil {
 			log.Debugf("delete orphan chain: %v", delErr)
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("add output jump rule: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := m.ipv4Client.InsertUnique(tableRaw, chainPREROUTING, 1, jumpRule...); err != nil {
-		if delErr := m.ipv4Client.DeleteIfExists(tableRaw, chainOUTPUT, jumpRule...); delErr != nil {
+	if err := m.ipv4Client.InsertUnique(tableRaw, chainPrerouting, 1, jumpRule...); err != nil {
+		if delErr := m.ipv4Client.DeleteIfExists(tableRaw, chainOutput, jumpRule...); delErr != nil {
 			log.Debugf("delete output jump rule: %v", delErr)
 		}
 		if delErr := m.ipv4Client.DeleteChain(tableRaw, chainNameRaw); delErr != nil {
@@ -428,11 +552,11 @@ func (m *Manager) cleanupNoTrackChain() error {
 
 	jumpRule := []string{"-j", chainNameRaw}
 
-	if err := m.ipv4Client.DeleteIfExists(tableRaw, chainOUTPUT, jumpRule...); err != nil {
+	if err := m.ipv4Client.DeleteIfExists(tableRaw, chainOutput, jumpRule...); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove output jump rule: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := m.ipv4Client.DeleteIfExists(tableRaw, chainPREROUTING, jumpRule...); err != nil {
+	if err := m.ipv4Client.DeleteIfExists(tableRaw, chainPrerouting, jumpRule...); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting jump rule: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -447,3 +571,13 @@ func (m *Manager) cleanupNoTrackChain() error {
 func getConntrackEstablished() []string {
 	return []string{"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-j", "ACCEPT"}
 }
+
+// isIPv6Rule reports whether the rule belongs to the IPv6 family, from
+// the destination prefix when set, otherwise from the (single-family)
+// sources.
+func isIPv6Rule(sources []netip.Prefix, destination firewall.Network) bool {
+	if destination.IsPrefix() {
+		return destination.Prefix.Addr().Is6()
+	}
+	return len(sources) > 0 && sources[0].Addr().Is6()
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux_test.go
index cc4bda0e0..9f53352e1 100644
--- a/client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/manager_linux_test.go
@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package iptables
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
+	"github.com/lrh3321/ipset-go"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
 var ifaceMock = &iFaceMock{
@@ -65,47 +70,37 @@ func TestIptablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	}()
 
-	var rule2 []fw.Rule
+	var rule2 fw.Rule
 	t.Run("add second rule", func(t *testing.T) {
 		ip := netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.3")
 		port := &fw.Port{
 			IsRange: true,
 			Values:  []uint16{8043, 8046},
 		}
-		rule2, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", port, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+		rule2, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, "tcp", port, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 
-		for _, r := range rule2 {
-			rr := r.(*Rule)
-			checkRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, rr.chain, true, rr.specs...)
-		}
+		rr := rule2.(*Rule)
+		checkRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, rr.chain, true, rr.specs...)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("delete second rule", func(t *testing.T) {
-		for _, r := range rule2 {
-			err := manager.DeletePeerRule(r)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "failed to delete rule")
-		}
-
-		require.Empty(t, manager.aclMgr.ipsetStore.ipsets, "rulesets index after removed second rule must be empty")
+		require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule2), "failed to delete rule")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("reset check", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// add second rule
 		ip := netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.3")
 		port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{5353}}
-		_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "udp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+		_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, "udp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 
 		err = manager.Close(nil)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to reset")
 
-		ok, err := ipv4Client.ChainExists("filter", chainNameInputRules)
+		ok, err := ipv4Client.ChainExists("filter", chainACLInput)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed check chain exists")
-
-		if ok {
-			require.NoErrorf(t, err, "chain '%v' still exists after Close", chainNameInputRules)
-		}
+		require.Falsef(t, ok, "chain %q still exists after Close", chainACLInput)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -126,15 +121,13 @@ func TestIptablesManagerDenyRules(t *testing.T) {
 		ip := netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.3")
 		port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}}
 
-		rule, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionDrop, "deny-ssh")
+		rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionDrop)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add deny rule")
-		require.NotEmpty(t, rule, "deny rule should not be empty")
+		require.NotNil(t, rule, "deny rule should not be nil")
 
 		// Verify the rule was added by checking iptables
-		for _, r := range rule {
-			rr := r.(*Rule)
-			checkRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, rr.chain, true, rr.specs...)
-		}
+		rr := rule.(*Rule)
+		checkRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, rr.chain, true, rr.specs...)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("deny rule precedence test", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -142,36 +135,40 @@ func TestIptablesManagerDenyRules(t *testing.T) {
 		port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
 
 		// Add accept rule first
-		_, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "accept-http")
+		_, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add accept rule")
 
 		// Add deny rule second for same IP/port - this should take precedence
-		_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionDrop, "deny-http")
+		_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionDrop)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add deny rule")
 
 		// Inspect the actual iptables rules to verify deny rule comes before accept rule
-		rules, err := ipv4Client.List("filter", chainNameInputRules)
+		rules, err := ipv4Client.List("filter", chainACLInput)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to list iptables rules")
 
 		// Debug: print all rules
-		t.Logf("All iptables rules in chain %s:", chainNameInputRules)
+		t.Logf("All iptables rules in chain %s:", chainACLInput)
 		for i, rule := range rules {
 			t.Logf("  [%d] %s", i, rule)
 		}
 
+		// Single-source rules emit a direct `-s <ip>/32 ... --dport 80`
+		// match. Match on that shape instead of the legacy
+		// per-(action,port) ipset names ("deny-http"/"accept-http")
+		// that this test predates.
+		srcMatch := fmt.Sprintf("-s %s/32", ip)
 		var denyRuleIndex, acceptRuleIndex = -1, -1
 		for i, rule := range rules {
-			if strings.Contains(rule, "DROP") {
-				t.Logf("Found DROP rule at index %d: %s", i, rule)
-				if strings.Contains(rule, "deny-http") && strings.Contains(rule, "80") {
-					denyRuleIndex = i
-				}
+			if !strings.Contains(rule, srcMatch) || !strings.Contains(rule, "--dport 80") {
+				continue
 			}
-			if strings.Contains(rule, "ACCEPT") {
+			if strings.Contains(rule, "-j DROP") {
+				t.Logf("Found DROP rule at index %d: %s", i, rule)
+				denyRuleIndex = i
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(rule, "-j ACCEPT") {
 				t.Logf("Found ACCEPT rule at index %d: %s", i, rule)
-				if strings.Contains(rule, "accept-http") && strings.Contains(rule, "80") {
-					acceptRuleIndex = i
-				}
+				acceptRuleIndex = i
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -196,7 +193,6 @@ func TestIptablesManagerIPSet(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	// just check on the local interface
 	manager, err := Create(mock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
@@ -210,27 +206,39 @@ func TestIptablesManagerIPSet(t *testing.T) {
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	}()
 
-	var rule2 []fw.Rule
-	t.Run("add second rule", func(t *testing.T) {
+	var rule2 fw.Rule
+	t.Run("single source uses direct -s match (no ipset)", func(t *testing.T) {
 		ip := netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.3")
 		port := &fw.Port{
 			Values: []uint16{443},
 		}
-		rule2, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", port, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "default")
-		for _, r := range rule2 {
-			require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
-			require.Equal(t, r.(*Rule).ipsetName, "default-sport", "ipset name must be set")
-			require.Equal(t, r.(*Rule).ip, "10.20.0.3", "ipset IP must be set")
-		}
+		rule2, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, "tcp", port, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
+		require.NotNil(t, rule2)
+		require.Contains(t, rule2.(*Rule).specs, "-s",
+			"single-source rule should use direct -s match, not an ipset")
+		require.Empty(t, findSets(rule2.(*Rule).specs),
+			"single-source rule should not allocate a shared ipset")
 	})
 
-	t.Run("delete second rule", func(t *testing.T) {
-		for _, r := range rule2 {
-			err := manager.DeletePeerRule(r)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "failed to delete rule")
+	t.Run("delete single-source rule", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule2), "failed to delete rule")
+	})
 
-			require.Empty(t, manager.aclMgr.ipsetStore.ipsets, "rulesets index after removed second rule must be empty")
+	t.Run("multi-source uses shared ipset", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sources := []netip.Prefix{
+			netip.PrefixFrom(netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.3"), 32),
+			netip.PrefixFrom(netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.4"), 32),
+			netip.PrefixFrom(netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.5"), 32),
 		}
+		port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}}
+		multi, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, sources, fw.Network{}, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add multi-source rule")
+		require.NotNil(t, multi, "multi-source rule must produce one iptables rule")
+		sets := findSets(multi.(*Rule).specs)
+		require.Len(t, sets, 1, "multi-source rule must reference exactly one ipset")
+
+		require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(multi))
 	})
 
 	t.Run("reset check", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -239,9 +247,324 @@ func TestIptablesManagerIPSet(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+// TestIptablesFilterIPSetFallback verifies that when the kernel lacks
+// ipset support, a multi-source rule falls back to one iptables rule
+// per source prefix instead of silently leaving the chain empty. See
+// discussion #6125.
+func TestIptablesFilterIPSetFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	ipv4Client, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	// Simulate a kernel without the ipset hash module.
+	manager.family4.ipsetSupported = false
+
+	sources := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.42/32"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.43/32"),
+	}
+	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}}
+
+	rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, sources, fw.Network{}, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "AddFilterRule should succeed via fallback")
+
+	rr := rule.(*Rule)
+	all := rr.allSpecs()
+	require.Len(t, all, len(sources), "each source prefix needs its own rule")
+	for i, fs := range all {
+		joined := strings.Join(fs.specs, " ")
+		require.Contains(t, joined, "-s "+sources[i].String(), "fallback rule must match by source prefix")
+		require.NotContains(t, joined, matchSet, "fallback rule must not use ipset matching")
+
+		// The rule must actually be present in the ACL chain (not silently dropped).
+		checkRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, rr.chain, true, fs.specs...)
+
+		// Every expanded peer rule keeps its own redirect-mark pairing.
+		require.NotNil(t, fs.mangleSpecs, "peer rule must carry a mangle pairing")
+		checkTableRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, tableMangle, chainRTPre, true, fs.mangleSpecs...)
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule), "failed to delete fallback rule")
+	for _, fs := range all {
+		checkRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, rr.chain, false, fs.specs...)
+		checkTableRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, tableMangle, chainRTPre, false, fs.mangleSpecs...)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIptablesFilterDestinationSetRequiresIPSet documents that a dynamic
+// (domain) destination cannot be expressed without ipset: its prefixes are only
+// known after DNS resolution, so there is nothing to expand into per-prefix
+// rules. The call must report that rather than install a broader rule than the
+// policy allows.
+func TestIptablesFilterDestinationSetRequiresIPSet(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	manager.family4.ipsetSupported = false
+
+	destination := fw.Network{Set: fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.com"})}
+
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16")},
+		destination, fw.ProtocolALL, nil, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.Error(t, err, "a domain destination is not expressible without ipset")
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "requires ipset")
+}
+
+// TestIptablesNatRuleDropsSourceSetOnDestinationFailure covers a marking rule
+// whose source set is created but whose destination set is not: the source
+// reference has to go back, or the set it created stays in the kernel with a
+// count nothing will ever drop.
+func TestIptablesNatRuleDropsSourceSetOnDestinationFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	sourceSet := fw.NewPrefixSet([]netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("100.0.0.0/16"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.0.0/16"),
+	})
+	destSet := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.org"})
+
+	// Poison the destination set's name so its hash:net creation fails after
+	// the source set has already been created.
+	poisoned := manager.family4.ipsetName(destSet.HashedName())
+	require.NoError(t, ipset.Create(poisoned, ipset.TypeHashIP, ipset.CreateOptions{}))
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := ipset.Destroy(poisoned); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("destroy poisoned set %s: %v", poisoned, err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	pair := fw.RouterPair{
+		ID:          "nat-source-set-test",
+		Source:      fw.Network{Set: sourceSet},
+		Destination: fw.Network{Set: destSet},
+		Masquerade:  true,
+		Dynamic:     true,
+	}
+
+	require.Error(t, manager.AddNatRule(pair), "the destination set must fail to be created")
+
+	_, ok := manager.family4.ipsetCounter.Get(manager.family4.ipsetName(sourceSet.HashedName()))
+	require.False(t, ok, "the source set reference must be released")
+}
+
+// TestIptablesNatRuleReAddKeepsSetReferences re-adds the same NAT rule the way
+// a repeated network-map update does. The marking rule's set references must not
+// grow, or RemoveNatRule can never drop the count to zero and the set stays in
+// the kernel for the rest of the process lifetime.
+func TestIptablesNatRuleReAddKeepsSetReferences(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	set := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.com"})
+	pair := fw.RouterPair{
+		ID:          "nat-reference-test",
+		Source:      fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.0.0.0/16")},
+		Destination: fw.Network{Set: set},
+		Masquerade:  true,
+		Dynamic:     true,
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, manager.AddNatRule(pair), "add nat rule")
+	name := manager.family4.ipsetName(set.HashedName())
+	first, ok := manager.family4.ipsetCounter.Get(name)
+	require.True(t, ok, "the marking rule must hold a reference to its set")
+
+	require.NoError(t, manager.AddNatRule(pair), "re-add nat rule")
+	second, ok := manager.family4.ipsetCounter.Get(name)
+	require.True(t, ok, "the set must still be referenced")
+	require.Equal(t, first.Count, second.Count, "re-adding the same rule must not add references")
+
+	require.NoError(t, manager.RemoveNatRule(pair), "remove nat rule")
+	_, ok = manager.family4.ipsetCounter.Get(name)
+	require.False(t, ok, "removing the rule must drop the last reference")
+}
+
+// TestIptablesRouteFilterIPSetFallback covers the route ACL side of the
+// fallback: with a destination set, the expanded per-source rules land
+// in the route forward chain and are all removed on delete.
+func TestIptablesRouteFilterIPSetFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	ipv4Client, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	manager.family4.ipsetSupported = false
+
+	sources := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
+	}
+	destination := fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")}
+	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}}
+
+	rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, sources, destination, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "route ACL must install without ipset")
+
+	rr := rule.(*Rule)
+	require.Equal(t, chainRTFwdIn, rr.chain, "route rule must land in the forward chain")
+
+	all := rr.allSpecs()
+	require.Len(t, all, len(sources), "each source prefix needs its own rule")
+	for i, fs := range all {
+		joined := strings.Join(fs.specs, " ")
+		require.Contains(t, joined, "-s "+sources[i].String(), "fallback rule must match by source prefix")
+		require.NotContains(t, joined, matchSet, "fallback rule must not use ipset matching")
+		require.Nil(t, fs.mangleSpecs, "route rules have no mangle pairing")
+
+		checkRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, rr.chain, true, fs.specs...)
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule), "failed to delete fallback rule")
+	for _, fs := range all {
+		checkRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, rr.chain, false, fs.specs...)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIptablesCloseRemovesAllState exercises a spread of rule kinds and then
+// asserts Close puts every table it touches back exactly as it found it. A
+// leaked chain, jump, or ipset survives the daemon and nothing can remove it
+// afterwards, since the tracking that knew about it is gone.
+func TestIptablesCloseRemovesAllState(t *testing.T) {
+	ipv4Client, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	before := snapshotIptables(t, ipv4Client)
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	// A failed assertion below returns before the Close under test, which would
+	// leave this test's chains and sets in the kernel for the next one.
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := manager.Close(nil); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("close after failure: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	sources := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.42/32"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.43/32"),
+	}
+
+	// A multi-source peer rule: shared ipset plus the mangle redirect pairing.
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, sources, fw.Network{}, "tcp",
+		nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add peer rule")
+
+	// A route rule with a dynamic destination: a second set, in the forward chain.
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, sources,
+		fw.Network{Set: fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.com"})},
+		fw.ProtocolALL, nil, nil, fw.ActionDrop)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add route rule")
+
+	// NAT marking for a routed destination, both directions.
+	pair := fw.RouterPair{
+		ID:          "cleanup-test",
+		Source:      fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.0.0.0/16")},
+		Destination: fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.55.0/24")},
+		Masquerade:  true,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, manager.AddNatRule(pair), "add nat rule")
+	require.NoError(t, manager.EnableRouting(), "enable routing")
+
+	// A DNAT redirect, which also holds a forwarding reference.
+	dnat := fw.ForwardRule{
+		Protocol:          fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		DestinationPort:   fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}},
+		TranslatedAddress: netip.MustParseAddr("10.20.0.44"),
+		TranslatedPort:    fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+	}
+	_, err = manager.AddDNATRule(dnat)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add dnat rule")
+
+	require.NotEqual(t, before, snapshotIptables(t, ipv4Client), "the manager must have installed state")
+
+	// Everything above stays in place, so Close is what has to remove it.
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil), "close")
+
+	after := snapshotIptables(t, ipv4Client)
+	require.Equal(t, before.chains, after.chains, "Close must remove every chain it created")
+	require.Equal(t, before.rules, after.rules, "Close must remove every rule it created")
+	require.Equal(t, before.sets, after.sets, "Close must destroy every ipset it created")
+}
+
+// iptablesState is a snapshot of the tables the manager writes to, used to
+// compare the kernel before and after a manager lifetime.
+type iptablesState struct {
+	chains map[string][]string
+	rules  map[string][]string
+	sets   []string
+}
+
+func snapshotIptables(t *testing.T, client *iptables.IPTables) iptablesState {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	state := iptablesState{
+		chains: map[string][]string{},
+		rules:  map[string][]string{},
+	}
+
+	for _, table := range []string{tableFilter, tableNat, tableMangle, tableRaw} {
+		chains, err := client.ListChains(table)
+		require.NoErrorf(t, err, "list chains in %s", table)
+		slices.Sort(chains)
+		state.chains[table] = chains
+
+		for _, chain := range chains {
+			rules, err := client.List(table, chain)
+			require.NoErrorf(t, err, "list rules in %s/%s", table, chain)
+			state.rules[table+"/"+chain] = rules
+		}
+	}
+
+	sets, err := ipset.ListAll()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "list ipsets")
+	for _, set := range sets {
+		state.sets = append(state.sets, set.SetName)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(state.sets)
+
+	return state
+}
+
 func checkRuleSpecs(t *testing.T, ipv4Client *iptables.IPTables, chainName string, mustExists bool, rulespec ...string) {
 	t.Helper()
-	exists, err := ipv4Client.Exists("filter", chainName, rulespec...)
+	checkTableRuleSpecs(t, ipv4Client, tableFilter, chainName, mustExists, rulespec...)
+}
+
+func checkTableRuleSpecs(t *testing.T, ipv4Client *iptables.IPTables, table, chainName string, mustExists bool, rulespec ...string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	exists, err := ipv4Client.Exists(table, chainName, rulespec...)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to check rule")
 	require.Falsef(t, !exists && mustExists, "rule '%v' does not exist", rulespec)
 	require.Falsef(t, exists && !mustExists, "rule '%v' exist", rulespec)
@@ -281,7 +604,7 @@ func TestIptablesCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 			start := time.Now()
 			for i := 0; i < testMax; i++ {
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{uint16(1000 + i)}}
-				_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
 
 				require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 			}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/router_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/router_linux.go
deleted file mode 100644
index a7c4f67dd..000000000
--- a/client/firewall/iptables/router_linux.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1111 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !android
-
-package iptables
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
-	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
-	ipset "github.com/lrh3321/ipset-go"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
-	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
-	nbid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
-)
-
-// constants needed to manage and create iptable rules
-const (
-	tableFilter = "filter"
-	tableNat    = "nat"
-	tableMangle = "mangle"
-
-	chainPOSTROUTING        = "POSTROUTING"
-	chainPREROUTING         = "PREROUTING"
-	chainFORWARD            = "FORWARD"
-	chainRTNAT              = "NETBIRD-RT-NAT"
-	chainRTFWDIN            = "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-IN"
-	chainRTFWDOUT           = "NETBIRD-RT-FWD-OUT"
-	chainRTPRE              = "NETBIRD-RT-PRE"
-	chainRTRDR              = "NETBIRD-RT-RDR"
-	chainNATOutput          = "NETBIRD-NAT-OUTPUT"
-	chainRTMSSCLAMP         = "NETBIRD-RT-MSSCLAMP"
-	routingFinalForwardJump = "ACCEPT"
-	routingFinalNatJump     = "MASQUERADE"
-
-	jumpManglePre  = "jump-mangle-pre"
-	jumpNatPre     = "jump-nat-pre"
-	jumpNatPost    = "jump-nat-post"
-	jumpNatOutput  = "jump-nat-output"
-	jumpMSSClamp   = "jump-mss-clamp"
-	markManglePre  = "mark-mangle-pre"
-	markManglePost = "mark-mangle-post"
-	matchSet       = "--match-set"
-
-	dnatSuffix = "_dnat"
-	snatSuffix = "_snat"
-	fwdSuffix  = "_fwd"
-
-	// ipTCPHeaderMinSize represents minimum IP (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation
-	ipTCPHeaderMinSize = 40
-)
-
-type ruleInfo struct {
-	chain string
-	table string
-	rule  []string
-}
-
-type routeFilteringRuleParams struct {
-	Source      firewall.Network
-	Destination firewall.Network
-	Proto       firewall.Protocol
-	SPort       *firewall.Port
-	DPort       *firewall.Port
-	Direction   firewall.RuleDirection
-	Action      firewall.Action
-}
-
-type routeRules map[string][]string
-
-// the ipset library currently does not support comments, so we use the name only (string)
-type ipsetCounter = refcounter.Counter[string, []netip.Prefix, struct{}]
-
-type router struct {
-	iptablesClient   *iptables.IPTables
-	rules            routeRules
-	ipsetCounter     *ipsetCounter
-	wgIface          iFaceMapper
-	legacyManagement bool
-	mtu              uint16
-
-	stateManager *statemanager.Manager
-	ipFwdState   *ipfwdstate.IPForwardingState
-}
-
-func newRouter(iptablesClient *iptables.IPTables, wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*router, error) {
-	r := &router{
-		iptablesClient: iptablesClient,
-		rules:          make(map[string][]string),
-		wgIface:        wgIface,
-		mtu:            mtu,
-		ipFwdState:     ipfwdstate.NewIPForwardingState(),
-	}
-
-	r.ipsetCounter = refcounter.New(
-		func(name string, sources []netip.Prefix) (struct{}, error) {
-			return struct{}{}, r.createIpSet(name, sources)
-		},
-		func(name string, _ struct{}) error {
-			return r.deleteIpSet(name)
-		},
-	)
-
-	return r, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
-	r.stateManager = stateManager
-
-	if err := r.cleanUpDefaultForwardRules(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to clean up rules from FORWARD chain: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.createContainers(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create containers: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.setupDataPlaneMark(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to set up data plane mark: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
-	id []byte,
-	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination firewall.Network,
-	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-	ruleKey := nbid.GenerateRouteRuleKey(sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
-	if _, ok := r.rules[string(ruleKey)]; ok {
-		return ruleKey, nil
-	}
-
-	var source firewall.Network
-	if len(sources) > 1 {
-		source.Set = firewall.NewPrefixSet(sources)
-	} else if len(sources) > 0 {
-		source.Prefix = sources[0]
-	}
-
-	params := routeFilteringRuleParams{
-		Source:      source,
-		Destination: destination,
-		Proto:       proto,
-		SPort:       sPort,
-		DPort:       dPort,
-		Action:      action,
-	}
-
-	rule, err := r.genRouteRuleSpec(params, sources)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate route rule spec: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Insert DROP rules at the beginning, append ACCEPT rules at the end
-	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
-		// after the established rule
-		err = r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, 2, rule...)
-	} else {
-		err = r.iptablesClient.Append(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, rule...)
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add route rule: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	r.rules[string(ruleKey)] = rule
-
-	r.updateState()
-
-	return ruleKey, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	ruleKey := rule.ID()
-
-	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, rule...); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("delete route rule: %v", err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-
-		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		log.Debugf("route rule %s not found", ruleKey)
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) decrementSetCounter(rule []string) error {
-	sets := r.findSets(rule)
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	for _, setName := range sets {
-		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("decrement counter: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) findSets(rule []string) []string {
-	var sets []string
-	for i, arg := range rule {
-		if arg == "-m" && i+3 < len(rule) && rule[i+1] == "set" && rule[i+2] == matchSet {
-			sets = append(sets, rule[i+3])
-		}
-	}
-	return sets
-}
-
-func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, sources []netip.Prefix) error {
-	if err := r.createIPSet(setName); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create set %s: %w", setName, err)
-	}
-
-	for _, prefix := range sources {
-		if err := r.addPrefixToIPSet(setName, prefix); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add element to set %s: %w", setName, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string) error {
-	if err := r.destroyIPSet(setName); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("destroy set %s: %w", setName, err)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Deleted unused ipset %s", setName)
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AddNatRule inserts an iptables rule pair into the nat chain
-func (r *router) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if r.legacyManagement {
-		log.Warnf("This peer is connected to a NetBird Management service with an older version. Allowing all traffic for %s", pair.Destination)
-		if err := r.addLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add legacy routing rule: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !pair.Masquerade {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := r.addNatRule(pair); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add nat rule: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.addNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add inverse nat rule: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// RemoveNatRule removes an iptables rule pair from forwarding and nat chains
-func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if pair.Masquerade {
-		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove nat rule: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if err := r.removeNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove inverse nat rule: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy routing rule: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// addLegacyRouteRule adds a legacy routing rule for mgmt servers pre route acls
-func (r *router) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, pair)
-
-	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	rule := []string{"-s", pair.Source.String(), "-d", pair.Destination.String(), "-j", routingFinalForwardJump}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, rule...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
-	}
-
-	r.rules[ruleKey] = rule
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) removeLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, pair)
-
-	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, rule...); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s: %v", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-
-		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetLegacyManagement returns the current legacy management mode
-func (r *router) GetLegacyManagement() bool {
-	return r.legacyManagement
-}
-
-// SetLegacyManagement sets the route manager to use legacy management mode
-func (r *router) SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy bool) {
-	r.legacyManagement = isLegacy
-}
-
-// RemoveAllLegacyRouteRules removes all legacy routing rules for mgmt servers pre route acls
-func (r *router) RemoveAllLegacyRouteRules() error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	for k, rule := range r.rules {
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, firewall.ForwardingFormatPrefix) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, rule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule: %v", err))
-		} else {
-			delete(r.rules, k)
-		}
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) Reset() error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	if err := r.cleanUpDefaultForwardRules(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.ipsetCounter.Flush(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.cleanupDataPlaneMark(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
-	}
-
-	r.rules = make(map[string][]string)
-	r.updateState()
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) cleanUpDefaultForwardRules() error {
-	if err := r.cleanJumpRules(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("clean jump rules: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Debug("flushing routing related tables")
-
-	// Remove jump rules from built-in chains before deleting custom chains,
-	// otherwise the chain deletion fails with "device or resource busy".
-	jumpRule := []string{"-j", chainNATOutput}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, "OUTPUT", jumpRule...); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("clean OUTPUT jump rule: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, chainInfo := range []struct {
-		chain string
-		table string
-	}{
-		{chainRTFWDIN, tableFilter},
-		{chainRTFWDOUT, tableFilter},
-		{chainRTPRE, tableMangle},
-		{chainRTNAT, tableNat},
-		{chainRTRDR, tableNat},
-		{chainNATOutput, tableNat},
-		{chainRTMSSCLAMP, tableMangle},
-	} {
-		ok, err := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("check chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err)
-		} else if ok {
-			if err = r.iptablesClient.ClearAndDeleteChain(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("clear and delete chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) createContainers() error {
-	for _, chainInfo := range []struct {
-		chain string
-		table string
-	}{
-		{chainRTFWDIN, tableFilter},
-		{chainRTFWDOUT, tableFilter},
-		{chainRTPRE, tableMangle},
-		{chainRTNAT, tableNat},
-		{chainRTRDR, tableNat},
-		{chainRTMSSCLAMP, tableMangle},
-	} {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.NewChain(chainInfo.table, chainInfo.chain); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create chain %s in table %s: %w", chainInfo.chain, chainInfo.table, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := r.insertEstablishedRule(chainRTFWDIN); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("insert established rule: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.insertEstablishedRule(chainRTFWDOUT); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("insert established rule: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.addPostroutingRules(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add static nat rules: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.addJumpRules(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add jump rules: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.addMSSClampingRules(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to add MSS clamping rules: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// setupDataPlaneMark configures the fwmark for the data plane
-func (r *router) setupDataPlaneMark() error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	preRule := []string{
-		"-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "NEW",
-		"-j", "CONNMARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.DataPlaneMarkIn),
-	}
-
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.AppendUnique(tableMangle, chainPREROUTING, preRule...); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add mangle prerouting rule: %w", err))
-	} else {
-		r.rules[markManglePre] = preRule
-	}
-
-	postRule := []string{
-		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "NEW",
-		"-j", "CONNMARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.DataPlaneMarkOut),
-	}
-
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.AppendUnique(tableMangle, chainPOSTROUTING, postRule...); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add mangle postrouting rule: %w", err))
-	} else {
-		r.rules[markManglePost] = postRule
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) cleanupDataPlaneMark() error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	if preRule, exists := r.rules[markManglePre]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainPREROUTING, preRule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove mangle prerouting rule: %w", err))
-		} else {
-			delete(r.rules, markManglePre)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if postRule, exists := r.rules[markManglePost]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainPOSTROUTING, postRule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove mangle postrouting rule: %w", err))
-		} else {
-			delete(r.rules, markManglePost)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) addPostroutingRules() error {
-	// First rule for outbound masquerade
-	rule1 := []string{
-		"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
-		"!", "-o", "lo",
-		"-j", routingFinalNatJump,
-	}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableNat, chainRTNAT, rule1...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add outbound masquerade rule: %v", err)
-	}
-	r.rules["static-nat-outbound"] = rule1
-
-	// Second rule for return traffic masquerade
-	rule2 := []string{
-		"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
-		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-j", routingFinalNatJump,
-	}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableNat, chainRTNAT, rule2...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add return masquerade rule: %v", err)
-	}
-	r.rules["static-nat-return"] = rule2
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// addMSSClampingRules adds MSS clamping rules to prevent fragmentation for forwarded traffic.
-// TODO: Add IPv6 support
-func (r *router) addMSSClampingRules() error {
-	mss := r.mtu - ipTCPHeaderMinSize
-
-	// Add jump rule from FORWARD chain in mangle table to our custom chain
-	jumpRule := []string{
-		"-j", chainRTMSSCLAMP,
-	}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainFORWARD, 1, jumpRule...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add jump to MSS clamp chain: %w", err)
-	}
-	r.rules[jumpMSSClamp] = jumpRule
-
-	ruleOut := []string{
-		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-p", "tcp",
-		"--tcp-flags", "SYN,RST", "SYN",
-		"-j", "TCPMSS",
-		"--set-mss", fmt.Sprintf("%d", mss),
-	}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableMangle, chainRTMSSCLAMP, ruleOut...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add outbound MSS clamp rule: %w", err)
-	}
-	r.rules["mss-clamp-out"] = ruleOut
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) insertEstablishedRule(chain string) error {
-	establishedRule := getConntrackEstablished()
-
-	err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chain, 1, establishedRule...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to insert established rule: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	ruleKey := "established-" + chain
-	r.rules[ruleKey] = establishedRule
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) addJumpRules() error {
-	// Jump to nat chain
-	natRule := []string{"-j", chainRTNAT}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, 1, natRule...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add nat postrouting jump rule: %v", err)
-	}
-	r.rules[jumpNatPost] = natRule
-
-	// Jump to mangle prerouting chain
-	preRule := []string{"-j", chainRTPRE}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainPREROUTING, 1, preRule...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add mangle prerouting jump rule: %v", err)
-	}
-	r.rules[jumpManglePre] = preRule
-
-	// Jump to nat prerouting chain
-	rdrRule := []string{"-j", chainRTRDR}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, chainPREROUTING, 1, rdrRule...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add nat prerouting jump rule: %v", err)
-	}
-	r.rules[jumpNatPre] = rdrRule
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) cleanJumpRules() error {
-	for _, ruleKey := range []string{jumpNatPost, jumpManglePre, jumpNatPre, jumpMSSClamp} {
-		if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-			var table, chain string
-			switch ruleKey {
-			case jumpNatPost:
-				table = tableNat
-				chain = chainPOSTROUTING
-			case jumpManglePre:
-				table = tableMangle
-				chain = chainPREROUTING
-			case jumpNatPre:
-				table = tableNat
-				chain = chainPREROUTING
-			case jumpMSSClamp:
-				table = tableMangle
-				chain = chainFORWARD
-			default:
-				return fmt.Errorf("unknown jump rule: %s", ruleKey)
-			}
-
-			if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(table, chain, rule...); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("delete rule from chain %s in table %s, err: %v", chain, table, err)
-			}
-			delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, pair)
-
-	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, rule...); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error while removing existing marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-	}
-
-	markValue := nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade
-	if pair.Inverse {
-		markValue = nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn
-	}
-
-	rule := []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name()}
-	if pair.Inverse {
-		rule = []string{"!", "-i", r.wgIface.Name()}
-	}
-
-	rule = append(rule,
-		"-m", "conntrack",
-		"--ctstate", "NEW",
-	)
-	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-s", pair.Source, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("apply network -s: %w", err)
-	}
-	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-d", pair.Destination, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("apply network -d: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	rule = append(rule, sourceExp...)
-	rule = append(rule, destExp...)
-	rule = append(rule,
-		"-j", "MARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", markValue),
-	)
-
-	// Ensure nat rules come first, so the mark can be overwritten.
-	// Currently overwritten by the dst-type LOCAL rules for redirected traffic.
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, 1, rule...); err != nil {
-		// TODO: rollback ipset counter
-		return fmt.Errorf("error while adding marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
-	}
-
-	r.rules[ruleKey] = rule
-
-	r.updateState()
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, pair)
-
-	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, rule...); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error while removing marking rule for %s: %v", pair.Destination, err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-
-		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		log.Debugf("marking rule %s not found", ruleKey)
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) updateState() {
-	if r.stateManager == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	var currentState *ShutdownState
-	if existing := r.stateManager.GetState(currentState); existing != nil {
-		if existingState, ok := existing.(*ShutdownState); ok {
-			currentState = existingState
-		}
-	}
-	if currentState == nil {
-		currentState = &ShutdownState{}
-	}
-
-	currentState.Lock()
-	defer currentState.Unlock()
-
-	currentState.RouteRules = r.rules
-	currentState.RouteIPsetCounter = r.ipsetCounter
-
-	if err := r.stateManager.UpdateState(currentState); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update state: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func (r *router) AddDNATRule(rule firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-	if err := r.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ruleKey := rule.ID()
-	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleKey+dnatSuffix]; exists {
-		return rule, nil
-	}
-
-	toDestination := rule.TranslatedAddress.String()
-	switch {
-	case len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 0:
-		// no translated port, use original port
-	case len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 1:
-		toDestination += fmt.Sprintf(":%d", rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0])
-	case rule.TranslatedPort.IsRange && len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 2:
-		// need the "/originalport" suffix to avoid dnat port randomization
-		toDestination += fmt.Sprintf(":%d-%d/%d", rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0], rule.TranslatedPort.Values[1], rule.DestinationPort.Values[0])
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid translated port: %v", rule.TranslatedPort)
-	}
-
-	proto := strings.ToLower(string(rule.Protocol))
-
-	rules := make(map[string]ruleInfo, 3)
-
-	// DNAT rule
-	dnatRule := []string{
-		"!", "-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-p", proto,
-		"-j", "DNAT",
-		"--to-destination", toDestination,
-	}
-	dnatRule = append(dnatRule, applyPort("--dport", &rule.DestinationPort)...)
-	rules[ruleKey+dnatSuffix] = ruleInfo{
-		table: tableNat,
-		chain: chainRTRDR,
-		rule:  dnatRule,
-	}
-
-	// SNAT rule
-	snatRule := []string{
-		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-p", proto,
-		"-d", rule.TranslatedAddress.String(),
-		"-j", "MASQUERADE",
-	}
-	snatRule = append(snatRule, applyPort("--dport", &rule.TranslatedPort)...)
-	rules[ruleKey+snatSuffix] = ruleInfo{
-		table: tableNat,
-		chain: chainRTNAT,
-		rule:  snatRule,
-	}
-
-	// Forward filtering rule, if fwd policy is DROP
-	forwardRule := []string{
-		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-p", proto,
-		"-d", rule.TranslatedAddress.String(),
-		"-j", "ACCEPT",
-	}
-	forwardRule = append(forwardRule, applyPort("--dport", &rule.TranslatedPort)...)
-	rules[ruleKey+fwdSuffix] = ruleInfo{
-		table: tableFilter,
-		chain: chainRTFWDOUT,
-		rule:  forwardRule,
-	}
-
-	for key, ruleInfo := range rules {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(ruleInfo.table, ruleInfo.chain, ruleInfo.rule...); err != nil {
-			if rollbackErr := r.rollbackRules(rules); rollbackErr != nil {
-				log.Errorf("rollback failed: %v", rollbackErr)
-			}
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("add rule %s: %w", key, err)
-		}
-		r.rules[key] = ruleInfo.rule
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-	return rule, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) rollbackRules(rules map[string]ruleInfo) error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	for key, ruleInfo := range rules {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(ruleInfo.table, ruleInfo.chain, ruleInfo.rule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("rollback rule %s: %w", key, err))
-			// On rollback error, add to rules map for next cleanup
-			r.rules[key] = ruleInfo.rule
-		}
-	}
-	if merr != nil {
-		r.updateState()
-	}
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	if err := r.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("%v", err)
-	}
-
-	ruleKey := rule.ID()
-
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	if dnatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey+dnatSuffix]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, chainRTRDR, dnatRule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete DNAT rule: %w", err))
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey+dnatSuffix)
-	}
-
-	if snatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey+snatSuffix]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, chainRTNAT, snatRule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete SNAT rule: %w", err))
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey+snatSuffix)
-	}
-
-	if fwdRule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey+fwdSuffix]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, fwdRule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete forward rule: %w", err))
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey+fwdSuffix)
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) genRouteRuleSpec(params routeFilteringRuleParams, sources []netip.Prefix) ([]string, error) {
-	var rule []string
-
-	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-s", params.Source, sources)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply network -s: %w", err)
-
-	}
-	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-d", params.Destination, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply network -d: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	rule = append(rule, sourceExp...)
-	rule = append(rule, destExp...)
-
-	if params.Proto != firewall.ProtocolALL {
-		rule = append(rule, "-p", strings.ToLower(string(params.Proto)))
-		rule = append(rule, applyPort("--sport", params.SPort)...)
-		rule = append(rule, applyPort("--dport", params.DPort)...)
-	}
-
-	rule = append(rule, "-j", actionToStr(params.Action))
-
-	return rule, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) applyNetwork(flag string, network firewall.Network, prefixes []netip.Prefix) ([]string, error) {
-	direction := "src"
-	if flag == "-d" {
-		direction = "dst"
-	}
-
-	if network.IsSet() {
-		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(network.Set.HashedName(), prefixes); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return []string{"-m", "set", matchSet, network.Set.HashedName(), direction}, nil
-	}
-	if network.IsPrefix() {
-		return []string{flag, network.Prefix.String()}, nil
-	}
-
-	// nolint:nilnil
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
-		// TODO: Implement IPv6 support
-		if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
-			log.Tracef("skipping IPv6 prefix %s: IPv6 support not yet implemented", prefix)
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := r.addPrefixToIPSet(set.HashedName(), prefix); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add prefix to ipset: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-	if merr == nil {
-		log.Debugf("updated set %s with prefixes %v", set.HashedName(), prefixes)
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-// AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
-func (r *router) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
-
-	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	dnatRule := []string{
-		"-i", r.wgIface.Name(),
-		"-p", strings.ToLower(string(protocol)),
-		"--dport", strconv.Itoa(int(sourcePort)),
-		"-d", localAddr.String(),
-		"-m", "addrtype", "--dst-type", "LOCAL",
-		"-j", "DNAT",
-		"--to-destination", ":" + strconv.Itoa(int(targetPort)),
-	}
-
-	ruleInfo := ruleInfo{
-		table: tableNat,
-		chain: chainRTRDR,
-		rule:  dnatRule,
-	}
-
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(ruleInfo.table, ruleInfo.chain, ruleInfo.rule...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
-	}
-	r.rules[ruleID] = ruleInfo.rule
-
-	r.updateState()
-	return nil
-}
-
-// RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
-func (r *router) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
-
-	if dnatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, chainRTRDR, dnatRule...); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("delete inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-	return nil
-}
-
-// ensureNATOutputChain lazily creates the OUTPUT NAT chain and jump rule on first use.
-func (r *router) ensureNATOutputChain() error {
-	if _, exists := r.rules[jumpNatOutput]; exists {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	chainExists, err := r.iptablesClient.ChainExists(tableNat, chainNATOutput)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("check chain %s: %w", chainNATOutput, err)
-	}
-	if !chainExists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.NewChain(tableNat, chainNATOutput); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create chain %s: %w", chainNATOutput, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	jumpRule := []string{"-j", chainNATOutput}
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableNat, "OUTPUT", 1, jumpRule...); err != nil {
-		if !chainExists {
-			if delErr := r.iptablesClient.ClearAndDeleteChain(tableNat, chainNATOutput); delErr != nil {
-				log.Warnf("failed to rollback chain %s: %v", chainNATOutput, delErr)
-			}
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("add OUTPUT jump rule: %w", err)
-	}
-	r.rules[jumpNatOutput] = jumpRule
-
-	r.updateState()
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AddOutputDNAT adds an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule for locally-generated traffic.
-func (r *router) AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("output-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
-
-	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := r.ensureNATOutputChain(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	dnatRule := []string{
-		"-p", strings.ToLower(string(protocol)),
-		"--dport", strconv.Itoa(int(sourcePort)),
-		"-d", localAddr.String(),
-		"-j", "DNAT",
-		"--to-destination", ":" + strconv.Itoa(int(targetPort)),
-	}
-
-	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableNat, chainNATOutput, dnatRule...); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add output DNAT rule: %w", err)
-	}
-	r.rules[ruleID] = dnatRule
-
-	r.updateState()
-	return nil
-}
-
-// RemoveOutputDNAT removes an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule.
-func (r *router) RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("output-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
-
-	if dnatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
-		if err := r.iptablesClient.Delete(tableNat, chainNATOutput, dnatRule...); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("delete output DNAT rule: %w", err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
-	}
-
-	r.updateState()
-	return nil
-}
-
-func applyPort(flag string, port *firewall.Port) []string {
-	if port == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if port.IsRange && len(port.Values) == 2 {
-		return []string{flag, fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", port.Values[0], port.Values[1])}
-	}
-
-	if len(port.Values) > 1 {
-		portList := make([]string, len(port.Values))
-		for i, p := range port.Values {
-			portList[i] = strconv.Itoa(int(p))
-		}
-		return []string{"-m", "multiport", flag, strings.Join(portList, ",")}
-	}
-
-	return []string{flag, strconv.Itoa(int(port.Values[0]))}
-}
-
-func (r *router) createIPSet(name string) error {
-	opts := ipset.CreateOptions{
-		Replace: true,
-	}
-
-	if err := ipset.Create(name, ipset.TypeHashNet, opts); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create ipset %s: %w", name, err)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("created ipset %s with type hash:net", name)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) addPrefixToIPSet(name string, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
-	addr := prefix.Addr()
-	ip := addr.AsSlice()
-
-	entry := &ipset.Entry{
-		IP:      ip,
-		CIDR:    uint8(prefix.Bits()),
-		Replace: true,
-	}
-
-	if err := ipset.Add(name, entry); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add prefix to ipset %s: %w", name, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) destroyIPSet(name string) error {
-	return ipset.Destroy(name)
-}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go
index 6707573be..6c4ae9425 100644
--- a/client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/router_linux_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build !android && privileged
 
 package iptables
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 	iptablesClient, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to init iptables client")
 
-	manager, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := newFamily(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "should return a valid iptables manager")
 	require.NoError(t, manager.init(nil))
 
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RestoreOrCreateContainers(t *testing.T) {
 	// 11. MSS clamping rule for outbound traffic
 	require.Len(t, manager.rules, 11, "should have created rules map")
 
-	exists, err := manager.iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING, "-j", chainRTNAT)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainPOSTROUTING)
+	exists, err := manager.iptablesClient.Exists(tableNat, chainPostrouting, "-j", chainRTNAT)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableNat, chainPostrouting)
 	require.True(t, exists, "postrouting jump rule should exist")
 
-	exists, err = manager.iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainPREROUTING, "-j", chainRTPRE)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainPREROUTING)
+	exists, err = manager.iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainPrerouting, "-j", chainRTPre)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainPrerouting)
 	require.True(t, exists, "prerouting jump rule should exist")
 
 	pair := firewall.RouterPair{
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 			iptablesClient, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "failed to init iptables client")
 
-			manager, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := newFamily(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 			require.NoError(t, manager.init(nil))
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 			err = manager.AddNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "marking rule should be inserted")
 
-			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, testCase.InputPair)
+			natRuleKey := testCase.InputPair.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat)
 			markingRule := []string{
 				"-i", ifaceMock.Name(),
 				"-m", "conntrack",
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ func TestIptablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 				fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
 			}
 
-			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, markingRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPRE)
+			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPre, markingRule...)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPre)
 			if testCase.InputPair.Masquerade {
 				require.True(t, exists, "marking rule should be created")
 				foundRule, found := manager.rules[natRuleKey]
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Check inverse rule
 			inversePair := firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair)
-			inverseRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, inversePair)
+			inverseRuleKey := inversePair.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat)
 			inverseMarkingRule := []string{
 				"!", "-i", ifaceMock.Name(),
 				"-m", "conntrack",
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ func TestIptablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 				fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
 			}
 
-			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, inverseMarkingRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPRE)
+			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPre, inverseMarkingRule...)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPre)
 			if testCase.InputPair.Masquerade {
 				require.True(t, exists, "inverse marking rule should be created")
 				foundRule, found := manager.rules[inverseRuleKey]
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(testCase.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			iptablesClient, _ := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 
-			manager, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := newFamily(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 			require.NoError(t, manager.init(nil))
 			defer func() {
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 			err = manager.RemoveNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 
-			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, testCase.InputPair)
+			natRuleKey := testCase.InputPair.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat)
 			markingRule := []string{
 				"-i", ifaceMock.Name(),
 				"-m", "conntrack",
@@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 				fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
 			}
 
-			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, markingRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPRE)
+			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPre, markingRule...)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPre)
 			require.False(t, exists, "marking rule should not exist")
 
 			_, found := manager.rules[natRuleKey]
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Check inverse rule removal
 			inversePair := firewall.GetInversePair(testCase.InputPair)
-			inverseRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat, inversePair)
+			inverseRuleKey := inversePair.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat)
 			inverseMarkingRule := []string{
 				"!", "-i", ifaceMock.Name(),
 				"-m", "conntrack",
@@ -201,8 +201,8 @@ func TestIptablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 				fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
 			}
 
-			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPRE, inverseMarkingRule...)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPRE)
+			exists, err = iptablesClient.Exists(tableMangle, chainRTPre, inverseMarkingRule...)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "should be able to query the iptables %s table and %s chain", tableMangle, chainRTPre)
 			require.False(t, exists, "inverse marking rule should not exist")
 
 			_, found = manager.rules[inverseRuleKey]
@@ -219,13 +219,13 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 	iptablesClient, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(iptables.ProtocolIPv4)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create iptables client")
 
-	r, err := newRouter(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create router manager")
+	r, err := newFamily(iptablesClient, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create family manager")
 	require.NoError(t, r.init(nil))
 
 	defer func() {
 		err := r.Reset()
-		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to reset router")
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to reset family")
 	}()
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -334,62 +334,30 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination}, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "AddRouteFiltering failed")
+			ruleKey, err := r.AddFilterRule(nil, tt.sources, firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination}, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "AddFilterRule failed")
 
-			// Check if the rule is in the internal map
-			rule, ok := r.rules[ruleKey.ID()]
-			assert.True(t, ok, "Rule not found in internal map")
+			stored, ok := r.filters[ruleKey.ID()]
+			require.True(t, ok, "rule not stored in filters")
+			t.Logf("Internal rule: %v", stored.specs)
 
-			// Log the internal rule
-			t.Logf("Internal rule: %v", rule)
-
-			// Check if the rule exists in iptables
-			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableFilter, chainRTFWDIN, rule...)
+			exists, err := iptablesClient.Exists(tableFilter, chainRTFwdIn, stored.specs...)
 			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to check rule existence")
 			assert.True(t, exists, "Rule not found in iptables")
 
-			var source firewall.Network
-			if len(tt.sources) > 1 {
-				source.Set = firewall.NewPrefixSet(tt.sources)
-			} else if len(tt.sources) > 0 {
-				source.Prefix = tt.sources[0]
-			}
-			// Verify rule content
-			params := routeFilteringRuleParams{
-				Source:      source,
-				Destination: firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination},
-				Proto:       tt.proto,
-				SPort:       tt.sPort,
-				DPort:       tt.dPort,
-				Action:      tt.action,
-			}
-
-			expectedRule, err := r.genRouteRuleSpec(params, nil)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate expected rule spec")
-
 			if tt.expectSet {
 				setName := firewall.NewPrefixSet(tt.sources).HashedName()
-				expectedRule, err = r.genRouteRuleSpec(params, nil)
-				require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to generate expected rule spec with set")
-
-				// Check if the set was created
 				_, exists := r.ipsetCounter.Get(setName)
 				assert.True(t, exists, "IPSet not created")
+				assert.NotEmpty(t, findSets(stored.specs), "Rule should reference an ipset")
 			}
 
-			assert.Equal(t, expectedRule, rule, "Rule content mismatch")
-
-			// Clean up
-			err = r.DeleteRouteRule(ruleKey)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to delete rule")
+			require.NoError(t, r.DeleteFilterRule(ruleKey), "Failed to delete rule")
 		})
 	}
 }
 
 func TestFindSetNameInRule(t *testing.T) {
-	r := &router{}
-
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name     string
 		rule     []string
@@ -430,7 +398,7 @@ func TestFindSetNameInRule(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := r.findSets(tc.rule)
+			result := findSets(tc.rule)
 
 			if len(result) != len(tc.expected) {
 				t.Errorf("Expected %d sets, got %d. Sets found: %v", len(tc.expected), len(result), result)
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/routing_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/routing_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c63be4e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/routing_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package iptables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+)
+
+func (r *family) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	if r.legacyManagement {
+		log.Warnf("This peer is connected to a NetBird Management service with an older version. Allowing all traffic for %s", pair.Destination)
+		if err := r.addLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add legacy routing rule: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if pair.Masquerade {
+		if err := r.addNatRule(pair); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add nat rule: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := r.addNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add inverse nat rule: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	r.updateState()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveNatRule removes an iptables rule pair from forwarding and nat chains
+func (r *family) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	if pair.Masquerade {
+		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove nat rule: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := r.removeNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove inverse nat rule: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy routing rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	r.updateState()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// addLegacyRouteRule adds a legacy routing rule for mgmt servers pre route acls
+func (r *family) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	ruleID := pair.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat)
+
+	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	rule := []string{"-s", pair.Source.String(), "-d", pair.Destination.String(), "-j", "ACCEPT"}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableFilter, chainRTFwdIn, rule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s: %w", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
+	}
+
+	r.rules[ruleID] = rule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) removeLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	ruleID := pair.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat)
+
+	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, chainRTFwdIn, rule...); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s: %w", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetLegacyManagement returns the current legacy management mode
+func (r *family) GetLegacyManagement() bool {
+	return r.legacyManagement
+}
+
+// SetLegacyManagement sets the route manager to use legacy management mode
+func (r *family) SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy bool) {
+	r.legacyManagement = isLegacy
+}
+
+// RemoveAllLegacyRouteRules removes all legacy routing rules for mgmt servers pre route acls
+func (r *family) RemoveAllLegacyRouteRules() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for k, rule := range r.rules {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(string(k), firewall.ForwardingFormatPrefix) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableFilter, chainRTFwdIn, rule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			delete(r.rules, k)
+		}
+	}
+
+	r.updateState()
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) addPostroutingRules() error {
+	// First rule for outbound masquerade
+	rule1 := []string{
+		"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
+		"!", "-o", "lo",
+		"-j", "MASQUERADE",
+	}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableNat, chainRTNAT, rule1...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add outbound masquerade rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules["static-nat-outbound"] = rule1
+
+	// Second rule for return traffic masquerade
+	rule2 := []string{
+		"-m", "mark", "--mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
+		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-j", "MASQUERADE",
+	}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableNat, chainRTNAT, rule2...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add return masquerade rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules["static-nat-return"] = rule2
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// addMSSClampingRules adds MSS clamping rules to prevent fragmentation for forwarded traffic.
+func (r *family) addMSSClampingRules() error {
+	overhead := uint16(ipv4TCPHeaderSize)
+	if r.v6 {
+		overhead = ipv6TCPHeaderSize
+	}
+	mss := r.mtu - overhead
+
+	// Add jump rule from FORWARD chain in mangle table to our custom chain
+	jumpRule := jumpRuleSpec(chainRTMSSClamp)
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainForward, 1, jumpRule...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add jump to MSS clamp chain: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules[jumpMSSClamp] = jumpRule
+
+	ruleOut := []string{
+		"-o", r.wgIface.Name(),
+		"-p", "tcp",
+		"--tcp-flags", "SYN,RST", "SYN",
+		"-j", "TCPMSS",
+		"--set-mss", fmt.Sprintf("%d", mss),
+	}
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Append(tableMangle, chainRTMSSClamp, ruleOut...); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add outbound MSS clamp rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	r.rules["mss-clamp-out"] = ruleOut
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) insertEstablishedRule(chain string) error {
+	establishedRule := getConntrackEstablished()
+
+	err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableFilter, chain, 1, establishedRule...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("insert established rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ruleID := firewall.RuleID("established-" + chain)
+	r.rules[ruleID] = establishedRule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) (err error) {
+	ruleID := pair.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat)
+
+	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		if derr := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainRTPre, rule...); derr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove existing marking rule for %s: %w", pair.Destination, derr)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+
+		// Drop the replaced spec's set references only once the new spec has
+		// taken its own, so a set both specs share is not destroyed and
+		// recreated, which would lose the prefixes UpdateSet put in it.
+		defer func() {
+			if derr := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); derr != nil && err == nil {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", derr)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	markValue := nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade
+	if pair.Inverse {
+		markValue = nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn
+	}
+
+	rule := []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name()}
+	if pair.Inverse {
+		rule = []string{"!", "-i", r.wgIface.Name()}
+	}
+
+	rule = append(rule,
+		"-m", "conntrack",
+		"--ctstate", "NEW",
+	)
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-s", pair.Source, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply network -s: %w", err)
+	}
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork("-d", pair.Destination, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.dropSourceMatch(sourceExp)
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply network -d: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rule = append(rule, sourceExp...)
+	rule = append(rule, destExp...)
+	rule = append(rule,
+		"-j", "MARK", "--set-mark", fmt.Sprintf("%#x", markValue),
+	)
+
+	// Ensure nat rules come first, so the mark can be overwritten.
+	// Currently overwritten by the dst-type LOCAL rules for redirected traffic.
+	if err := r.iptablesClient.Insert(tableMangle, chainRTPre, 1, rule...); err != nil {
+		r.dropSourceMatch(rule)
+		return fmt.Errorf("add marking rule for %s: %w", pair.Destination, err)
+	}
+
+	r.rules[ruleID] = rule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	ruleID := pair.GenKey(firewall.NatFormat)
+
+	if rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		if err := r.iptablesClient.DeleteIfExists(tableMangle, chainRTPre, rule...); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove marking rule for %s: %w", pair.Destination, err)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrement ipset counter: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		log.Debugf("marking rule %s not found", ruleID)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/rule.go b/client/firewall/iptables/rule.go
index aa4d2d079..33bcbd1d2 100644
--- a/client/firewall/iptables/rule.go
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/rule.go
@@ -1,17 +1,37 @@
 package iptables
 
-// Rule to handle management of rules
-type Rule struct {
-	ruleID    string
-	ipsetName string
+import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 
+// Rule to handle management of rules. Source set membership (when the
+// rule was built against a shared hash:net ipset) is encoded in specs;
+// DeleteFilterRule recovers it via findSets so the refcounter can drop
+// the right reference.
+type Rule struct {
+	id          manager.RuleID
 	specs       []string
 	mangleSpecs []string
-	ip          string
-	chain       string
+	// extraRules holds the rules beyond the first when the ipset
+	// fallback expands a multi-source rule into one rule per prefix.
+	extraRules []filterSpecs
+	chain      string
+	v6         bool
 }
 
-// GetRuleID returns the rule id
-func (r *Rule) ID() string {
-	return r.ruleID
+// filterSpecs is one installed iptables rule: its filter-table spec and
+// the paired mangle redirect-mark spec (nil for route rules or when the
+// mangle rule could not be added).
+type filterSpecs struct {
+	specs       []string
+	mangleSpecs []string
+}
+
+// allSpecs returns the spec pairs of every iptables rule backing this
+// Rule, the primary one first.
+func (r *Rule) allSpecs() []filterSpecs {
+	return append([]filterSpecs{{specs: r.specs, mangleSpecs: r.mangleSpecs}}, r.extraRules...)
+}
+
+// ID returns the rule id
+func (r *Rule) ID() manager.RuleID {
+	return r.id
 }
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/rulestore_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/rulestore_linux.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 004c512a4..000000000
--- a/client/firewall/iptables/rulestore_linux.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-package iptables
-
-import "encoding/json"
-
-type ipList struct {
-	ips map[string]struct{}
-}
-
-func newIpList(ip string) *ipList {
-	ips := make(map[string]struct{})
-	ips[ip] = struct{}{}
-
-	return &ipList{
-		ips: ips,
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *ipList) addIP(ip string) {
-	s.ips[ip] = struct{}{}
-}
-
-// MarshalJSON implements json.Marshaler
-func (s *ipList) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		IPs map[string]struct{} `json:"ips"`
-	}{
-		IPs: s.ips,
-	})
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON implements json.Unmarshaler
-func (s *ipList) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	temp := struct {
-		IPs map[string]struct{} `json:"ips"`
-	}{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &temp); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	s.ips = temp.IPs
-
-	if temp.IPs == nil {
-		temp.IPs = make(map[string]struct{})
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-type ipsetStore struct {
-	ipsets map[string]*ipList
-}
-
-func newIpsetStore() *ipsetStore {
-	return &ipsetStore{
-		ipsets: make(map[string]*ipList),
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) ipset(ipsetName string) (*ipList, bool) {
-	r, ok := s.ipsets[ipsetName]
-	return r, ok
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) addIpList(ipsetName string, list *ipList) {
-	s.ipsets[ipsetName] = list
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) deleteIpset(ipsetName string) {
-	delete(s.ipsets, ipsetName)
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) ipsetNames() []string {
-	names := make([]string, 0, len(s.ipsets))
-	for name := range s.ipsets {
-		names = append(names, name)
-	}
-	return names
-}
-
-// MarshalJSON implements json.Marshaler
-func (s *ipsetStore) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return json.Marshal(struct {
-		IPSets map[string]*ipList `json:"ipsets"`
-	}{
-		IPSets: s.ipsets,
-	})
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON implements json.Unmarshaler
-func (s *ipsetStore) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	temp := struct {
-		IPSets map[string]*ipList `json:"ipsets"`
-	}{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &temp); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	s.ipsets = temp.IPSets
-
-	if temp.IPSets == nil {
-		temp.IPSets = make(map[string]*ipList)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/state_linux.go b/client/firewall/iptables/state_linux.go
index 121c755e9..00bf1cebd 100644
--- a/client/firewall/iptables/state_linux.go
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/state_linux.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 )
@@ -27,11 +29,13 @@ type ShutdownState struct {
 
 	InterfaceState *InterfaceState `json:"interface_state,omitempty"`
 
-	RouteRules        routeRules    `json:"route_rules,omitempty"`
-	RouteIPsetCounter *ipsetCounter `json:"route_ipset_counter,omitempty"`
+	RouteRules         routeRules    `json:"route_rules,omitempty"`
+	RouteRules6        routeRules    `json:"route_rules_v6,omitempty"`
+	RouteIPsetCounter  *ipsetCounter `json:"route_ipset_counter,omitempty"`
+	RouteIPsetCounter6 *ipsetCounter `json:"route_ipset_counter_v6,omitempty"`
 
-	ACLEntries    aclEntries  `json:"acl_entries,omitempty"`
-	ACLIPsetStore *ipsetStore `json:"acl_ipset_store,omitempty"`
+	ACLEntries  aclEntries `json:"acl_entries,omitempty"`
+	ACLEntries6 aclEntries `json:"acl_entries_v6,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (s *ShutdownState) Name() string {
@@ -49,17 +53,33 @@ func (s *ShutdownState) Cleanup() error {
 	}
 
 	if s.RouteRules != nil {
-		ipt.router.rules = s.RouteRules
+		ipt.family4.rules = s.RouteRules
 	}
 	if s.RouteIPsetCounter != nil {
-		ipt.router.ipsetCounter.LoadData(s.RouteIPsetCounter)
+		ipt.family4.ipsetCounter.LoadData(s.RouteIPsetCounter)
 	}
 
 	if s.ACLEntries != nil {
-		ipt.aclMgr.entries = s.ACLEntries
+		ipt.family4.entries = s.ACLEntries
 	}
-	if s.ACLIPsetStore != nil {
-		ipt.aclMgr.ipsetStore = s.ACLIPsetStore
+
+	// Clean up v6 state even if the current run has no IPv6.
+	// The previous run may have left ip6tables rules behind.
+	if !ipt.hasIPv6() {
+		if err := ipt.createIPv6Components(s.InterfaceState, mtu); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to create v6 components for cleanup: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if ipt.hasIPv6() {
+		if s.RouteRules6 != nil {
+			ipt.family6.rules = s.RouteRules6
+		}
+		if s.RouteIPsetCounter6 != nil {
+			ipt.family6.ipsetCounter.LoadData(s.RouteIPsetCounter6)
+		}
+		if s.ACLEntries6 != nil {
+			ipt.family6.entries = s.ACLEntries6
+		}
 	}
 
 	if err := ipt.Close(nil); err != nil {
diff --git a/client/firewall/iptables/testhelpers_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/iptables/testhelpers_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe44f7cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/iptables/testhelpers_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package iptables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+)
+
+func pfx(ip net.IP) []netip.Prefix {
+	if ip == nil {
+		return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)}
+	}
+	if ip.IsUnspecified() {
+		if ip.To4() != nil {
+			return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)}
+		}
+		return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)}
+	}
+	a, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
+	if !ok {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid IP length: %d", len(ip)))
+	}
+	a = a.Unmap()
+	return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(a, a.BitLen())}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/manager/firewall.go b/client/firewall/manager/firewall.go
index d65d717b3..97a94d0f5 100644
--- a/client/firewall/manager/firewall.go
+++ b/client/firewall/manager/firewall.go
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package manager
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"sort"
 
@@ -11,6 +11,16 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
 
+// ErrIPv6NotInitialized is returned when an IPv6 address is passed to a firewall
+// method but the IPv6 firewall components were not initialized.
+var ErrIPv6NotInitialized = errors.New("IPv6 firewall not initialized")
+
+// ErrNoSources is returned when AddFilterRule is called with an empty
+// source list. "Match any source" must be expressed explicitly with a
+// /0 prefix; an empty list is a caller error and is rejected rather
+// than silently widening the rule to every source.
+var ErrNoSources = errors.New("rule has no sources")
+
 const (
 	ForwardingFormatPrefix = "netbird-fwd-"
 	ForwardingFormat       = "netbird-fwd-%s-%t"
@@ -18,13 +28,18 @@ const (
 	NatFormat              = "netbird-nat-%s-%t"
 )
 
+// RuleID identifies a firewall rule. It is a typed string so the
+// compiler catches accidental mixing with arbitrary string keys. It is
+// only an identifier and does not implement Rule.
+type RuleID string
+
 // Rule abstraction should be implemented by each firewall manager
 //
 // Each firewall type for different OS can use different type
 // of the properties to hold data of the created rule
 type Rule interface {
 	// ID returns the rule id
-	ID() string
+	ID() RuleID
 }
 
 // RuleDirection is the traffic direction which a rule is applied
@@ -86,6 +101,13 @@ func (d Network) IsPrefix() bool {
 	return d.Prefix.IsValid()
 }
 
+// IsZero returns true if the network designates no destination, i.e. it
+// is the zero value. A zero Network is the peer-rule sentinel; a non-zero
+// one carries a prefix or set destination.
+func (d Network) IsZero() bool {
+	return !d.IsPrefix() && !d.IsSet()
+}
+
 // Manager is the high level abstraction of a firewall manager
 //
 // It declares methods which handle actions required by the
@@ -93,46 +115,42 @@ func (d Network) IsPrefix() bool {
 type Manager interface {
 	Init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error
 
-	// AllowNetbird allows netbird interface traffic
-	AllowNetbird() error
-
-	// AddPeerFiltering adds a rule to the firewall
+	// AddFilterRule adds a packet-filtering rule to the firewall.
 	//
-	// If comment argument is empty firewall manager should set
-	// rule ID as comment for the rule
+	// If destination is the zero Network, the rule applies to traffic
+	// inbound to this node, i.e. peer ACL semantics, installed in
+	// the kernel's input chain. If destination is set (prefix or
+	// set), the rule applies to forwarded traffic with that
+	// destination, route ACL semantics, installed in the forward
+	// chain.
 	//
-	// Note: Callers should call Flush() after adding rules to ensure
-	// they are applied to the kernel and rule handles are refreshed.
-	AddPeerFiltering(
+	// sources must be a single address family; the caller splits mixed
+	// families and calls once per family. "Match any source" must be
+	// expressed with an explicit /0 prefix; an empty sources list is
+	// rejected with ErrNoSources so a zeroed list can never widen a
+	// rule to every source.
+	//
+	// Note: callers should call Flush() after adding rules.
+	AddFilterRule(
 		id []byte,
-		ip net.IP,
+		sources []netip.Prefix,
+		destination Network,
 		proto Protocol,
 		sPort *Port,
 		dPort *Port,
 		action Action,
-		ipsetName string,
-	) ([]Rule, error)
+	) (Rule, error)
 
-	// DeletePeerRule from the firewall by rule definition
-	DeletePeerRule(rule Rule) error
+	// DeleteFilterRule removes a filtering rule previously added via
+	// AddFilterRule. The rule's own type identifies whether it lives
+	// in the peer (input) or route (forward) path.
+	DeleteFilterRule(rule Rule) error
 
 	// IsServerRouteSupported returns true if the firewall supports server side routing operations
 	IsServerRouteSupported() bool
 
 	IsStateful() bool
 
-	AddRouteFiltering(
-		id []byte,
-		sources []netip.Prefix,
-		destination Network,
-		proto Protocol,
-		sPort, dPort *Port,
-		action Action,
-	) (Rule, error)
-
-	// DeleteRouteRule deletes a routing rule
-	DeleteRouteRule(rule Rule) error
-
 	// AddNatRule inserts a routing NAT rule
 	AddNatRule(pair RouterPair) error
 
@@ -164,26 +182,25 @@ type Manager interface {
 	UpdateSet(hash Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error
 
 	// AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services
-	AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error
+	AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error
 
 	// RemoveInboundDNAT removes inbound DNAT rule
-	RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error
+	RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error
 
 	// AddOutputDNAT adds an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule for locally-generated traffic.
-	// localAddr must be IPv4; the underlying iptables/nftables backends are IPv4-only.
-	AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error
+	AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error
 
 	// RemoveOutputDNAT removes an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule.
-	// localAddr must be IPv4; the underlying iptables/nftables backends are IPv4-only.
-	RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error
+	RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error
 
 	// SetupEBPFProxyNoTrack creates static notrack rules for eBPF proxy loopback traffic.
 	// This prevents conntrack from interfering with WireGuard proxy communication.
 	SetupEBPFProxyNoTrack(proxyPort, wgPort uint16) error
 }
 
-func GenKey(format string, pair RouterPair) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(format, pair.ID, pair.Inverse)
+// GenKey builds the rule id for this pair from the given format.
+func (p RouterPair) GenKey(format string) RuleID {
+	return RuleID(fmt.Sprintf(format, p.ID, p.Inverse))
 }
 
 // LegacyManager defines the interface for legacy management operations
@@ -239,6 +256,20 @@ func MergeIPRanges(prefixes []netip.Prefix) []netip.Prefix {
 	return merged
 }
 
+// UnmapPrefix normalizes a v4-mapped v6 prefix (::ffff:a.b.c.d) to its
+// plain v4 form, shifting the prefix length out of the 96-bit mapped
+// range. Other prefixes are returned unchanged. Keeping prefixes
+// unmapped ensures v4 rules match consistently and the match builders
+// read the correct address length.
+func UnmapPrefix(p netip.Prefix) netip.Prefix {
+	addr := p.Addr()
+	if !addr.Is4In6() {
+		return p
+	}
+	bits := max(p.Bits()-96, 0)
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr.Unmap(), bits)
+}
+
 // SortPrefixes sorts the given slice of netip.Prefix in place.
 // It sorts first by IP address, then by prefix length (most specific to least specific).
 func SortPrefixes(prefixes []netip.Prefix) {
diff --git a/client/firewall/manager/forward_rule.go b/client/firewall/manager/forward_rule.go
index 21a43520e..c2e9e5c60 100644
--- a/client/firewall/manager/forward_rule.go
+++ b/client/firewall/manager/forward_rule.go
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ type ForwardRule struct {
 	TranslatedPort    Port
 }
 
-func (r ForwardRule) ID() string {
+func (r ForwardRule) ID() RuleID {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("%s;%s;%s;%s",
 		r.Protocol,
 		r.DestinationPort.String(),
 		r.TranslatedAddress.String(),
 		r.TranslatedPort.String())
-	return id
+	return RuleID(id)
 }
 
 func (r ForwardRule) String() string {
diff --git a/client/firewall/manager/routerpair.go b/client/firewall/manager/routerpair.go
index 079c051d9..096f8b9bb 100644
--- a/client/firewall/manager/routerpair.go
+++ b/client/firewall/manager/routerpair.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package manager
 
 import (
+	"net/netip"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
@@ -10,6 +12,10 @@ type RouterPair struct {
 	Destination Network
 	Masquerade  bool
 	Inverse     bool
+	// Dynamic indicates the route is domain-based. NAT rules for dynamic
+	// routes are duplicated to the v6 table so that resolved AAAA records
+	// are masqueraded correctly.
+	Dynamic bool
 }
 
 func GetInversePair(pair RouterPair) RouterPair {
@@ -20,5 +26,17 @@ func GetInversePair(pair RouterPair) RouterPair {
 		Destination: pair.Source,
 		Masquerade:  pair.Masquerade,
 		Inverse:     true,
+		Dynamic:     pair.Dynamic,
 	}
 }
+
+// ToV6NatPair creates a v6 counterpart of a v4 NAT pair with `::/0` source
+// and, for prefix destinations, `::/0` destination.
+func ToV6NatPair(pair RouterPair) RouterPair {
+	v6 := pair
+	v6.Source = Network{Prefix: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)}
+	if v6.Destination.IsPrefix() {
+		v6.Destination = Network{Prefix: netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)}
+	}
+	return v6
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/manager/set.go b/client/firewall/manager/set.go
index dda93bf47..fa55471ea 100644
--- a/client/firewall/manager/set.go
+++ b/client/firewall/manager/set.go
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func (h Set) Comment() string {
 
 // NewPrefixSet generates a unique name for an ipset based on the given prefixes.
 func NewPrefixSet(prefixes []netip.Prefix) Set {
-	// sort for consistent naming
+	prefixes = slices.Clone(prefixes)
 	SortPrefixes(prefixes)
 
 	hash := sha256.New()
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/acl_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/acl_linux.go
deleted file mode 100644
index a9d066e2f..000000000
--- a/client/firewall/nftables/acl_linux.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,721 +0,0 @@
-package nftables
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"slices"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/google/nftables"
-	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
-	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-
-	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
-)
-
-const (
-
-	// rules chains contains the effective ACL rules
-	chainNameInputRules = "netbird-acl-input-rules"
-
-	// filter chains contains the rules that jump to the rules chains
-	chainNameInputFilter       = "netbird-acl-input-filter"
-	chainNameForwardFilter     = "netbird-acl-forward-filter"
-	chainNameManglePrerouting  = "netbird-mangle-prerouting"
-	chainNameManglePostrouting = "netbird-mangle-postrouting"
-)
-
-const flushError = "flush: %w"
-
-var (
-	anyIP = []byte{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
-)
-
-type AclManager struct {
-	rConn              *nftables.Conn
-	sConn              *nftables.Conn
-	wgIface            iFaceMapper
-	routingFwChainName string
-
-	workTable       *nftables.Table
-	chainInputRules *nftables.Chain
-	chainPrerouting *nftables.Chain
-
-	ipsetStore *ipsetStore
-	rules      map[string]*Rule
-}
-
-func newAclManager(table *nftables.Table, wgIface iFaceMapper, routingFwChainName string) (*AclManager, error) {
-	// sConn is used for creating sets and adding/removing elements from them
-	// it's differ then rConn (which does create new conn for each flush operation)
-	// and is permanent. Using same connection for both type of operations
-	// overloads netlink with high amount of rules ( > 10000)
-	sConn, err := nftables.New(nftables.AsLasting())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create nf conn: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return &AclManager{
-		rConn:              &nftables.Conn{},
-		sConn:              sConn,
-		wgIface:            wgIface,
-		workTable:          table,
-		routingFwChainName: routingFwChainName,
-
-		ipsetStore: newIpsetStore(),
-		rules:      make(map[string]*Rule),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) init(workTable *nftables.Table) error {
-	m.workTable = workTable
-	return m.createDefaultChains()
-}
-
-// AddPeerFiltering rule to the firewall
-//
-// If comment argument is empty firewall manager should set
-// rule ID as comment for the rule
-func (m *AclManager) AddPeerFiltering(
-	id []byte,
-	ip net.IP,
-	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-	ipsetName string,
-) ([]firewall.Rule, error) {
-	var ipset *nftables.Set
-	if ipsetName != "" {
-		var err error
-		ipset, err = m.addIpToSet(ipsetName, ip)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	newRules := make([]firewall.Rule, 0, 2)
-	ioRule, err := m.addIOFiltering(ip, proto, sPort, dPort, action, ipset)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	newRules = append(newRules, ioRule)
-	return newRules, nil
-}
-
-// DeletePeerRule from the firewall by rule definition
-func (m *AclManager) DeletePeerRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	r, ok := rule.(*Rule)
-	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid rule type")
-	}
-
-	if r.nftSet == nil {
-		if err := m.rConn.DelRule(r.nftRule); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to delete rule: %v", err)
-		}
-		if r.mangleRule != nil {
-			if err := m.rConn.DelRule(r.mangleRule); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to delete mangle rule: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-		delete(m.rules, r.ID())
-		return m.rConn.Flush()
-	}
-
-	ips, ok := m.ipsetStore.ips(r.nftSet.Name)
-	if !ok {
-		if err := m.rConn.DelRule(r.nftRule); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to delete rule: %v", err)
-		}
-		if r.mangleRule != nil {
-			if err := m.rConn.DelRule(r.mangleRule); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to delete mangle rule: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-		delete(m.rules, r.ID())
-		return m.rConn.Flush()
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := ips[r.ip.String()]; ok {
-		err := m.sConn.SetDeleteElements(r.nftSet, []nftables.SetElement{{Key: r.ip.To4()}})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("delete elements for set %q: %v", r.nftSet.Name, err)
-		}
-		if err := m.sConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("flush error of set delete element, %s", r.nftSet.Name)
-			return err
-		}
-		m.ipsetStore.DeleteIpFromSet(r.nftSet.Name, r.ip)
-	}
-
-	// if after delete, set still contains other IPs,
-	// no need to delete firewall rule and we should exit here
-	if len(ips) > 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := m.rConn.DelRule(r.nftRule); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to delete rule: %v", err)
-	}
-	if r.mangleRule != nil {
-		if err := m.rConn.DelRule(r.mangleRule); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to delete mangle rule: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	delete(m.rules, r.ID())
-	m.ipsetStore.DeleteReferenceFromIpSet(r.nftSet.Name)
-
-	if m.ipsetStore.HasReferenceToSet(r.nftSet.Name) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// we delete last IP from the set, that means we need to delete
-	// set itself and associated firewall rule too
-	m.rConn.FlushSet(r.nftSet)
-	m.rConn.DelSet(r.nftSet)
-	m.ipsetStore.deleteIpset(r.nftSet.Name)
-	return nil
-}
-
-// createDefaultAllowRules creates default allow rules for the input and output chains
-func (m *AclManager) createDefaultAllowRules() error {
-	expIn := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Verdict{
-			Kind: expr.VerdictAccept,
-		},
-	}
-
-	_ = m.rConn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    m.workTable,
-		Chain:    m.chainInputRules,
-		Position: 0,
-		Exprs:    expIn,
-	})
-
-	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Flush rule/chain/set operations from the buffer
-//
-// Method also get all rules after flush and refreshes handle values in the rulesets
-func (m *AclManager) Flush() error {
-	if err := m.flushWithBackoff(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := m.refreshRuleHandles(m.chainInputRules, false); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to refresh rule handles ipv4 input chain: %v", err)
-	}
-	if err := m.refreshRuleHandles(m.chainPrerouting, true); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to refresh rule handles prerouting chain: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) addIOFiltering(
-	ip net.IP,
-	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-	ipset *nftables.Set,
-) (*Rule, error) {
-	ruleId := generatePeerRuleId(ip, proto, sPort, dPort, action, ipset)
-	if r, ok := m.rules[ruleId]; ok {
-		return &Rule{
-			nftRule:    r.nftRule,
-			mangleRule: r.mangleRule,
-			nftSet:     r.nftSet,
-			ruleID:     r.ruleID,
-			ip:         ip,
-		}, nil
-	}
-
-	var expressions []expr.Any
-
-	if proto != firewall.ProtocolALL {
-		expressions = append(expressions, &expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
-			Offset:       uint32(9),
-			Len:          uint32(1),
-		})
-
-		protoData, err := protoToInt(proto)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		expressions = append(expressions, &expr.Cmp{
-			Register: 1,
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Data:     []byte{protoData},
-		})
-	}
-
-	rawIP := ip.To4()
-	// check if rawIP contains zeroed IPv4 0.0.0.0 value
-	// in that case not add IP match expression into the rule definition
-	if !bytes.HasPrefix(anyIP, rawIP) {
-		// source address position
-		addrOffset := uint32(12)
-
-		expressions = append(expressions,
-			&expr.Payload{
-				DestRegister: 1,
-				Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
-				Offset:       addrOffset,
-				Len:          4,
-			},
-		)
-		// add individual IP for match if no ipset defined
-		if ipset == nil {
-			expressions = append(expressions,
-				&expr.Cmp{
-					Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-					Register: 1,
-					Data:     rawIP,
-				},
-			)
-		} else {
-			expressions = append(expressions,
-				&expr.Lookup{
-					SourceRegister: 1,
-					SetName:        ipset.Name,
-					SetID:          ipset.ID,
-				},
-			)
-		}
-	}
-
-	expressions = append(expressions, applyPort(sPort, true)...)
-	expressions = append(expressions, applyPort(dPort, false)...)
-
-	mainExpressions := slices.Clone(expressions)
-
-	switch action {
-	case firewall.ActionAccept:
-		mainExpressions = append(mainExpressions, &expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictAccept})
-	case firewall.ActionDrop:
-		mainExpressions = append(mainExpressions, &expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictDrop})
-	}
-
-	userData := []byte(ruleId)
-
-	chain := m.chainInputRules
-	rule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    m.workTable,
-		Chain:    chain,
-		Exprs:    mainExpressions,
-		UserData: userData,
-	}
-
-	// Insert DROP rules at the beginning, append ACCEPT rules at the end
-	var nftRule *nftables.Rule
-	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
-		nftRule = m.rConn.InsertRule(rule)
-	} else {
-		nftRule = m.rConn.AddRule(rule)
-	}
-
-	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush input rule %s: %v", ruleId, err)
-	}
-
-	ruleStruct := &Rule{
-		nftRule: nftRule,
-		// best effort mangle rule
-		mangleRule: m.createPreroutingRule(expressions, userData),
-		nftSet:     ipset,
-		ruleID:     ruleId,
-		ip:         ip,
-	}
-	m.rules[ruleId] = ruleStruct
-	if ipset != nil {
-		m.ipsetStore.AddReferenceToIpset(ipset.Name)
-	}
-
-	return ruleStruct, nil
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) createPreroutingRule(expressions []expr.Any, userData []byte) *nftables.Rule {
-	if m.chainPrerouting == nil {
-		log.Warn("prerouting chain is not created")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	preroutingExprs := slices.Clone(expressions)
-
-	// interface
-	preroutingExprs = append([]expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(m.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-	}, preroutingExprs...)
-
-	// local destination and mark
-	preroutingExprs = append(preroutingExprs,
-		&expr.Fib{
-			Register:       1,
-			ResultADDRTYPE: true,
-			FlagDADDR:      true,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(unix.RTN_LOCAL),
-		},
-
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
-		},
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:            expr.MetaKeyMARK,
-			Register:       1,
-			SourceRegister: true,
-		},
-	)
-
-	nfRule := m.rConn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    m.workTable,
-		Chain:    m.chainPrerouting,
-		Exprs:    preroutingExprs,
-		UserData: userData,
-	})
-
-	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to flush mangle rule %s: %v", string(userData), err)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return nfRule
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) createDefaultChains() (err error) {
-	// chainNameInputRules
-	chain := m.createChain(chainNameInputRules)
-	err = m.rConn.Flush()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to create chain (%s): %s", chain.Name, err)
-		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
-	}
-	m.chainInputRules = chain
-
-	// netbird-acl-input-filter
-	// type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;
-	chain = m.createFilterChainWithHook(chainNameInputFilter, nftables.ChainHookInput)
-	m.addJumpRule(chain, m.chainInputRules.Name, expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME) // to netbird-acl-input-rules
-	m.addDropExpressions(chain, expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME)
-	err = m.rConn.Flush()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to create chain (%s): %s", chain.Name, err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// netbird-acl-forward-filter
-	chainFwFilter := m.createFilterChainWithHook(chainNameForwardFilter, nftables.ChainHookForward)
-	m.addJumpRulesToRtForward(chainFwFilter) // to netbird-rt-fwd
-	m.addDropExpressions(chainFwFilter, expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME)
-
-	err = m.rConn.Flush()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to create chain (%s): %s", chainNameForwardFilter, err)
-		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := m.allowRedirectedTraffic(chainFwFilter); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to allow redirected traffic: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Makes redirected traffic originally destined for the host itself (now subject to the forward filter)
-// go through the input filter as well. This will enable e.g. Docker services to keep working by accessing the
-// netbird peer IP.
-func (m *AclManager) allowRedirectedTraffic(chainFwFilter *nftables.Chain) error {
-	// Chain is created by route manager
-	// TODO: move creation to a common place
-	m.chainPrerouting = &nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameManglePrerouting,
-		Table:    m.workTable,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
-	}
-
-	m.addFwmarkToForward(chainFwFilter)
-
-	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) addFwmarkToForward(chainFwFilter *nftables.Chain) {
-	m.rConn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table: m.workTable,
-		Chain: chainFwFilter,
-		Exprs: []expr.Any{
-			&expr.Meta{
-				Key:      expr.MetaKeyMARK,
-				Register: 1,
-			},
-			&expr.Cmp{
-				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-				Register: 1,
-				Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
-			},
-			&expr.Verdict{
-				Kind: expr.VerdictAccept,
-			},
-		},
-	})
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) addJumpRulesToRtForward(chainFwFilter *nftables.Chain) {
-	expressions := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(m.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-		&expr.Verdict{
-			Kind:  expr.VerdictJump,
-			Chain: m.routingFwChainName,
-		},
-	}
-
-	_ = m.rConn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table: m.workTable,
-		Chain: chainFwFilter,
-		Exprs: expressions,
-	})
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) createChain(name string) *nftables.Chain {
-	chain := &nftables.Chain{
-		Name:  name,
-		Table: m.workTable,
-	}
-
-	chain = m.rConn.AddChain(chain)
-
-	insertReturnTrafficRule(m.rConn, m.workTable, chain)
-
-	return chain
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) createFilterChainWithHook(name string, hookNum *nftables.ChainHook) *nftables.Chain {
-	polAccept := nftables.ChainPolicyAccept
-	chain := &nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     name,
-		Table:    m.workTable,
-		Hooknum:  hookNum,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
-		Policy:   &polAccept,
-	}
-
-	return m.rConn.AddChain(chain)
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) addDropExpressions(chain *nftables.Chain, ifaceKey expr.MetaKey) []expr.Any {
-	expressions := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{Key: ifaceKey, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(m.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-		&expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictDrop},
-	}
-	_ = m.rConn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table: m.workTable,
-		Chain: chain,
-		Exprs: expressions,
-	})
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) addJumpRule(chain *nftables.Chain, to string, ifaceKey expr.MetaKey) {
-	expressions := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{Key: ifaceKey, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(m.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-		&expr.Verdict{
-			Kind:  expr.VerdictJump,
-			Chain: to,
-		},
-	}
-
-	_ = m.rConn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table: chain.Table,
-		Chain: chain,
-		Exprs: expressions,
-	})
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) addIpToSet(ipsetName string, ip net.IP) (*nftables.Set, error) {
-	ipset, err := m.rConn.GetSetByName(m.workTable, ipsetName)
-	rawIP := ip.To4()
-	if err != nil {
-		if ipset, err = m.createSet(m.workTable, ipsetName); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("get set name: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		m.ipsetStore.newIpset(ipset.Name)
-	}
-
-	if m.ipsetStore.IsIpInSet(ipset.Name, ip) {
-		return ipset, nil
-	}
-
-	if err := m.sConn.SetAddElements(ipset, []nftables.SetElement{{Key: rawIP}}); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add set element for the first time: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	m.ipsetStore.AddIpToSet(ipset.Name, ip)
-
-	if err := m.sConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush add elements: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return ipset, nil
-}
-
-// createSet in given table by name
-func (m *AclManager) createSet(table *nftables.Table, name string) (*nftables.Set, error) {
-	ipset := &nftables.Set{
-		Name:    name,
-		Table:   table,
-		Dynamic: true,
-		KeyType: nftables.TypeIPAddr,
-	}
-
-	if err := m.rConn.AddSet(ipset, nil); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create set: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush created set: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return ipset, nil
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) flushWithBackoff() (err error) {
-	backoff := 4
-	backoffTime := 1000 * time.Millisecond
-	for i := 0; ; i++ {
-		err = m.rConn.Flush()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("failed to flush nftables: %v", err)
-			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "busy") {
-				return
-			}
-			log.Error("failed to flush nftables, retrying...")
-			if i == backoff-1 {
-				return err
-			}
-			time.Sleep(backoffTime)
-			backoffTime *= 2
-			continue
-		}
-		break
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func (m *AclManager) refreshRuleHandles(chain *nftables.Chain, mangle bool) error {
-	if m.workTable == nil || chain == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	list, err := m.rConn.GetRules(m.workTable, chain)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, rule := range list {
-		if len(rule.UserData) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-		split := bytes.Split(rule.UserData, []byte(" "))
-		r, ok := m.rules[string(split[0])]
-		if ok {
-			if mangle {
-				*r.mangleRule = *rule
-			} else {
-				*r.nftRule = *rule
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func generatePeerRuleId(ip net.IP, proto firewall.Protocol, sPort *firewall.Port, dPort *firewall.Port, action firewall.Action, ipset *nftables.Set) string {
-	rulesetID := ":" + string(proto) + ":"
-	if sPort != nil {
-		rulesetID += sPort.String()
-	}
-	rulesetID += ":"
-	if dPort != nil {
-		rulesetID += dPort.String()
-	}
-	rulesetID += ":"
-	rulesetID += strconv.Itoa(int(action))
-	if ipset == nil {
-		return "ip:" + ip.String() + rulesetID
-	}
-	return "set:" + ipset.Name + rulesetID
-}
-
-func ifname(n string) []byte {
-	b := make([]byte, 16)
-	copy(b, n+"\x00")
-	return b
-}
-
-func protoToInt(protocol firewall.Protocol) (uint8, error) {
-	switch protocol {
-	case firewall.ProtocolTCP:
-		return unix.IPPROTO_TCP, nil
-	case firewall.ProtocolUDP:
-		return unix.IPPROTO_UDP, nil
-	case firewall.ProtocolICMP:
-		return unix.IPPROTO_ICMP, nil
-	}
-
-	return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported protocol: %s", protocol)
-}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/addr_family_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/addr_family_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c90d704a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/addr_family_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+)
+
+var (
+	// afIPv4 defines IPv4 header layout and nftables types.
+	afIPv4 = addrFamily{
+		protoOffset:   9,
+		srcAddrOffset: 12,
+		dstAddrOffset: 16,
+		addrLen:       net.IPv4len,
+		totalBits:     8 * net.IPv4len,
+		setKeyType:    nftables.TypeIPAddr,
+		tableFamily:   nftables.TableFamilyIPv4,
+		icmpProto:     unix.IPPROTO_ICMP,
+	}
+	// afIPv6 defines IPv6 header layout and nftables types.
+	afIPv6 = addrFamily{
+		protoOffset:   6,
+		srcAddrOffset: 8,
+		dstAddrOffset: 24,
+		addrLen:       net.IPv6len,
+		totalBits:     8 * net.IPv6len,
+		setKeyType:    nftables.TypeIP6Addr,
+		tableFamily:   nftables.TableFamilyIPv6,
+		icmpProto:     unix.IPPROTO_ICMPV6,
+	}
+)
+
+// addrFamily holds protocol-specific constants for nftables expression building.
+type addrFamily struct {
+	// protoOffset is the IP header offset for the protocol/next-header field (9 for v4, 6 for v6)
+	protoOffset uint32
+	// srcAddrOffset is the IP header offset for the source address (12 for v4, 8 for v6)
+	srcAddrOffset uint32
+	// dstAddrOffset is the IP header offset for the destination address (16 for v4, 24 for v6)
+	dstAddrOffset uint32
+	// addrLen is the byte length of addresses (4 for v4, 16 for v6)
+	addrLen uint32
+	// totalBits is the address size in bits (32 for v4, 128 for v6)
+	totalBits int
+	// setKeyType is the nftables set data type for addresses
+	setKeyType nftables.SetDatatype
+	// tableFamily is the nftables table family
+	tableFamily nftables.TableFamily
+	// icmpProto is the ICMP protocol number for this family (1 for v4, 58 for v6)
+	icmpProto uint8
+}
+
+// familyForAddr returns the address family for the given IP.
+func familyForAddr(is4 bool) addrFamily {
+	if is4 {
+		return afIPv4
+	}
+	return afIPv6
+}
+
+// protoNum converts a firewall protocol to the IP protocol number,
+// using the correct ICMP variant for the address family.
+func (af addrFamily) protoNum(protocol firewall.Protocol) (uint8, error) {
+	switch protocol {
+	case firewall.ProtocolTCP:
+		return unix.IPPROTO_TCP, nil
+	case firewall.ProtocolUDP:
+		return unix.IPPROTO_UDP, nil
+	case firewall.ProtocolICMP:
+		return af.icmpProto, nil
+	case firewall.ProtocolALL:
+		return 0, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported protocol: %s", protocol)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/chains_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/chains_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71f0c60f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/chains_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,880 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/firewalld"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+)
+
+func (r *family) createContainers() error {
+	r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:  chainNameRoutingFw,
+		Table: r.workTable,
+	})
+
+	prio := *nftables.ChainPriorityNATSource - 1
+	r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameRoutingNat,
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPostrouting,
+		Priority: &prio,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
+	})
+
+	r.chains[chainNameRoutingRdr] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameRoutingRdr,
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityNATDest,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
+	})
+
+	r.chains[chainNameManglePostrouting] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameManglePostrouting,
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPostrouting,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+	})
+
+	r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameManglePrerouting,
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+	})
+
+	r.chains[chainNameMangleForward] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameMangleForward,
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookForward,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+	})
+
+	insertReturnTrafficRule(r.conn, r.workTable, r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw])
+
+	r.addPostroutingRules()
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initialize tables: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.addMSSClampingRules(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add MSS clamping rules: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Kernel routing opens both INPUT and FORWARD.
+	if err := r.openInterface(true); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to open interface in foreign chains: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := firewalld.TrustInterface(r.wgIface.Name()); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to trust interface in firewalld: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to refresh rules: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// setupDataPlaneMark configures the fwmark for the data plane
+func (r *family) setupDataPlaneMark() error {
+	if r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting] == nil || r.chains[chainNameManglePostrouting] == nil {
+		return errors.New("no mangle chains found")
+	}
+
+	ctNew := getCtNewExprs()
+	preExprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+	}
+	preExprs = append(preExprs, ctNew...)
+	preExprs = append(preExprs,
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.DataPlaneMarkIn),
+		},
+		&expr.Ct{
+			Key:            expr.CtKeyMARK,
+			Register:       1,
+			SourceRegister: true,
+		},
+	)
+
+	preNftRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting],
+		Exprs: preExprs,
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(preNftRule)
+
+	postExprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+	}
+	postExprs = append(postExprs, ctNew...)
+	postExprs = append(postExprs,
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.DataPlaneMarkOut),
+		},
+		&expr.Ct{
+			Key:            expr.CtKeyMARK,
+			Register:       1,
+			SourceRegister: true,
+		},
+	)
+
+	postNftRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameManglePostrouting],
+		Exprs: postExprs,
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(postNftRule)
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// openInterface adds passthrough accept rules for the NetBird interface to the
+// kernel's filter table and external chains so they don't drop our traffic.
+// includeForward also opens the FORWARD chains (kernel routing); when false only
+// INPUT is opened, which is all the userspace router needs since it never
+// forwards in the kernel.
+func (r *family) openInterface(includeForward bool) error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := r.acceptFilterTableRules(includeForward); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.acceptExternalChainsRules(includeForward); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add accept rules to external chains: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) acceptFilterTableRules(includeForward bool) error {
+	if r.filterTable == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	fw := "iptables"
+
+	defer func() {
+		log.Debugf("Used %s to add accept input/forward rules", fw)
+	}()
+
+	// Try iptables first and fallback to nftables if iptables is not available.
+	// Use the correct protocol (iptables vs ip6tables) for the address family.
+	ipt, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(r.iptablesProto())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Will use nftables to manipulate the filter table because iptables is not available: %v", err)
+
+		fw = "nftables"
+		return r.acceptFilterRulesNftables(r.filterTable, includeForward)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.acceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt, includeForward); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("iptables failed (table may be incompatible), falling back to nftables: %v", err)
+		fw = "nftables"
+		return r.acceptFilterRulesNftables(r.filterTable, includeForward)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) acceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables, includeForward bool) error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if includeForward {
+		for _, rule := range r.getAcceptForwardRules() {
+			if err := ipt.Insert("filter", chainNameForward, 1, rule...); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add iptables forward rule: %v", err))
+			} else {
+				log.Debugf("added iptables forward rule: %v", rule)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	inputRule := r.getAcceptInputRule()
+	if err := ipt.Insert("filter", chainNameInput, 1, inputRule...); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add iptables input rule: %v", err))
+	} else {
+		log.Debugf("added iptables input rule: %v", inputRule)
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) getAcceptForwardRules() [][]string {
+	intf := r.wgIface.Name()
+	return [][]string{
+		{"-i", intf, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+		{"-o", intf, "-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *family) getAcceptInputRule() []string {
+	return []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name(), "-j", "ACCEPT"}
+}
+
+// acceptFilterRulesNftables adds accept rules to the ip filter table using nftables.
+// This is used when iptables is not available.
+func (r *family) acceptFilterRulesNftables(table *nftables.Table, includeForward bool) error {
+	intf := ifname(r.wgIface.Name())
+
+	if includeForward {
+		forwardChain := &nftables.Chain{
+			Name:     chainNameForward,
+			Table:    table,
+			Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+			Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookForward,
+			Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter,
+		}
+		r.insertForwardAcceptRules(forwardChain, intf)
+	}
+
+	inputChain := &nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameInput,
+		Table:    table,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookInput,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter,
+	}
+	r.insertInputAcceptRule(inputChain, intf)
+
+	return r.conn.Flush()
+}
+
+// acceptExternalChainsRules adds accept rules to external chains (non-netbird, non-iptables tables).
+// It dynamically finds chains at call time to handle chains that may have been created after startup.
+func (r *family) acceptExternalChainsRules(includeForward bool) error {
+	chains := r.findExternalChains()
+	if len(chains) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	intf := ifname(r.wgIface.Name())
+	for _, chain := range chains {
+		r.applyExternalChainAccept(chain, intf, includeForward)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush external chain rules: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) applyExternalChainAccept(chain *nftables.Chain, intf []byte, includeForward bool) {
+	if chain.Hooknum == nil {
+		log.Debugf("skipping external chain %s/%s: hooknum is nil", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("adding accept rules to external %s chain: %s %s/%s",
+		hookName(chain.Hooknum), familyName(chain.Table.Family), chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
+
+	switch *chain.Hooknum {
+	case *nftables.ChainHookForward:
+		if includeForward {
+			r.insertForwardAcceptRules(chain, intf)
+		}
+	case *nftables.ChainHookInput:
+		r.insertInputAcceptRule(chain, intf)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *family) insertForwardAcceptRules(chain *nftables.Chain, intf []byte) {
+	existing, err := r.existingNetbirdRulesInChain(chain)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("skip forward accept rules in %s/%s: %v", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name, err)
+		return
+	}
+	r.insertForwardIifRule(chain, intf, existing)
+	r.insertForwardOifEstablishedRule(chain, intf, existing)
+}
+
+func (r *family) insertForwardIifRule(chain *nftables.Chain, intf []byte, existing map[string]bool) {
+	if existing[userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif] {
+		return
+	}
+	r.conn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: chain.Table,
+		Chain: chain,
+		Exprs: []expr.Any{
+			&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
+			&expr.Cmp{Op: expr.CmpOpEq, Register: 1, Data: intf},
+			&expr.Counter{},
+			&expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictAccept},
+		},
+		UserData: []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif),
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *family) insertForwardOifEstablishedRule(chain *nftables.Chain, intf []byte, existing map[string]bool) {
+	if existing[userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif] {
+		return
+	}
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{Op: expr.CmpOpEq, Register: 1, Data: intf},
+	}
+	r.conn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    chain.Table,
+		Chain:    chain,
+		Exprs:    append(exprs, getEstablishedExprs(2)...),
+		UserData: []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif),
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *family) insertInputAcceptRule(chain *nftables.Chain, intf []byte) {
+	existing, err := r.existingNetbirdRulesInChain(chain)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("skip input accept rule in %s/%s: %v", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if existing[userDataAcceptInputRule] {
+		return
+	}
+	r.conn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: chain.Table,
+		Chain: chain,
+		Exprs: []expr.Any{
+			&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
+			&expr.Cmp{Op: expr.CmpOpEq, Register: 1, Data: intf},
+			&expr.Counter{},
+			&expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictAccept},
+		},
+		UserData: []byte(userDataAcceptInputRule),
+	})
+}
+
+// existingNetbirdRulesInChain returns the set of netbird-owned UserData tags present in a chain; callers must bail on error since InsertRule is additive.
+func (r *family) existingNetbirdRulesInChain(chain *nftables.Chain) (map[string]bool, error) {
+	rules, err := r.conn.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list rules: %w", err)
+	}
+	present := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, rule := range rules {
+		if !isNetbirdAcceptRuleTag(rule.UserData) {
+			continue
+		}
+		present[string(rule.UserData)] = true
+	}
+	return present, nil
+}
+
+func isNetbirdAcceptRuleTag(userData []byte) bool {
+	switch string(userData) {
+	case userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif,
+		userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif,
+		userDataAcceptInputRule:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (r *family) removeAcceptFilterRules() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := r.removeFilterTableRules(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.removeExternalChainsRules(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove external chain rules: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) removeFilterTableRules() error {
+	if r.filterTable == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ipt, err := iptables.NewWithProtocol(r.iptablesProto())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("iptables not available, using nftables to remove filter rules: %v", err)
+		return r.removeAcceptRulesFromTable(r.filterTable)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.removeAcceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("iptables removal failed (table may be incompatible), falling back to nftables: %v", err)
+		return r.removeAcceptRulesFromTable(r.filterTable)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) removeAcceptRulesFromTable(table *nftables.Table) error {
+	chains, err := r.conn.ListChainsOfTableFamily(table.Family)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list chains: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, chain := range chains {
+		if chain.Table.Name != table.Name {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if chain.Name != chainNameForward && chain.Name != chainNameInput {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := r.removeAcceptRulesFromChain(table, chain); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r.conn.Flush()
+}
+
+func (r *family) removeAcceptRulesFromChain(table *nftables.Table, chain *nftables.Chain) error {
+	rules, err := r.conn.GetRules(table, chain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get rules from %s/%s: %v", table.Name, chain.Name, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, rule := range rules {
+		if bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif)) ||
+			bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif)) ||
+			bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptInputRule)) {
+			if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("delete rule from %s/%s: %v", table.Name, chain.Name, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// removeExternalChainsRules removes our accept rules from all external chains.
+// This is deterministic - it scans for chains at removal time rather than relying on saved state,
+// ensuring cleanup works even after a crash or if chains changed.
+func (r *family) removeExternalChainsRules() error {
+	chains := r.findExternalChains()
+	if len(chains) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, chain := range chains {
+		if err := r.removeAcceptRulesFromChain(chain.Table, chain); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove rules from external chain %s/%s: %w", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("flush external chain %s/%s: %w", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// findExternalChains scans for chains from non-netbird tables that have FORWARD or INPUT hooks.
+// This is used both at startup (to know where to add rules) and at cleanup (to ensure deterministic removal).
+func (r *family) findExternalChains() []*nftables.Chain {
+	var chains []*nftables.Chain
+
+	families := []nftables.TableFamily{r.af.tableFamily, nftables.TableFamilyINet}
+
+	for _, family := range families {
+		allChains, err := r.conn.ListChainsOfTableFamily(family)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("list chains for family %d: %v", family, err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, chain := range allChains {
+			if r.isExternalChain(chain) {
+				chains = append(chains, chain)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return chains
+}
+
+func (r *family) isExternalChain(chain *nftables.Chain) bool {
+	if r.workTable != nil && chain.Table.Name == r.workTable.Name {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Skip firewalld-owned chains. Firewalld creates its chains with the
+	// NFT_CHAIN_OWNER flag, so inserting rules into them returns EPERM.
+	// We delegate acceptance to firewalld by trusting the interface instead.
+	if chain.Table.Name == firewalldTableName {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Skip iptables/ip6tables-managed tables (adding nft-native rules breaks iptables-save compat)
+	if (chain.Table.Family == nftables.TableFamilyIPv4 || chain.Table.Family == nftables.TableFamilyIPv6) && isIptablesTable(chain.Table.Name) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if chain.Type != nftables.ChainTypeFilter {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if chain.Hooknum == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return *chain.Hooknum == *nftables.ChainHookForward || *chain.Hooknum == *nftables.ChainHookInput
+}
+
+func isIptablesTable(name string) bool {
+	switch name {
+	case tableNameFilter, tableNat, tableMangle, tableRaw, tableSecurity:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (r *family) removeAcceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables) error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	for _, rule := range r.getAcceptForwardRules() {
+		if err := ipt.DeleteIfExists("filter", chainNameForward, rule...); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove iptables forward rule: %v", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	inputRule := r.getAcceptInputRule()
+	if err := ipt.DeleteIfExists("filter", chainNameInput, inputRule...); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove iptables input rule: %v", err))
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// Flush rule/chain/set operations from the buffer
+//
+// Method also get all rules after flush and refreshes handle values in the rulesets
+func (r *family) Flush() error {
+	if err := r.flushWithBackoff(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := r.refreshRuleHandles(r.chainInputRules, false); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to refresh rule handles ipv4 input chain: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := r.refreshRuleHandles(r.chainPrerouting, true); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to refresh rule handles prerouting chain: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// queuePreroutingRule builds the prerouting mangle rule that marks
+// redirected traffic and queues it on the connection without flushing,
+// so the caller can commit it in the same transaction as the rule it
+// pairs with. Returns nil when the prerouting chain is absent, in which
+// case nothing is queued.
+func (r *family) queuePreroutingRule(expressions []expr.Any, userData []byte) *nftables.Rule {
+	if r.chainPrerouting == nil {
+		log.Warn("prerouting chain is not created")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	preroutingExprs := slices.Clone(expressions)
+
+	// interface
+	preroutingExprs = append([]expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+	}, preroutingExprs...)
+
+	// local destination and mark
+	preroutingExprs = append(preroutingExprs,
+		&expr.Fib{
+			Register:       1,
+			ResultADDRTYPE: true,
+			FlagDADDR:      true,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(unix.RTN_LOCAL),
+		},
+
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
+		},
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:            expr.MetaKeyMARK,
+			Register:       1,
+			SourceRegister: true,
+		},
+	)
+
+	return r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Chain:    r.chainPrerouting,
+		Exprs:    preroutingExprs,
+		UserData: userData,
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *family) createDefaultChains() (err error) {
+	// chainNameInputRules
+	chain := r.createChain(chainNameInputRules)
+	err = r.conn.Flush()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to create chain (%s): %s", chain.Name, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+	}
+	r.chainInputRules = chain
+
+	// netbird-acl-input-filter
+	// type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;
+	chain = r.createFilterChainWithHook(chainNameInputFilter, nftables.ChainHookInput)
+	r.addJumpRule(chain, r.chainInputRules.Name, expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME) // to netbird-acl-input-rules
+	r.addDropExpressions(chain, expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME)
+	err = r.conn.Flush()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to create chain (%s): %s", chain.Name, err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// netbird-acl-forward-filter
+	chainFwFilter := r.createFilterChainWithHook(chainNameForwardFilter, nftables.ChainHookForward)
+	r.addJumpRulesToRtForward(chainFwFilter) // to netbird-rt-fwd
+	r.addDropExpressions(chainFwFilter, expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME)
+
+	err = r.conn.Flush()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to create chain (%s): %s", chainNameForwardFilter, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.allowRedirectedTraffic(chainFwFilter); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to allow redirected traffic: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Makes redirected traffic originally destined for the host itself (now subject to the forward filter)
+// go through the input filter as well. This will enable e.g. Docker services to keep working by accessing the
+// netbird peer IP.
+func (r *family) allowRedirectedTraffic(chainFwFilter *nftables.Chain) error {
+	r.chainPrerouting = r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting]
+
+	r.addFwmarkToForward(chainFwFilter)
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) addFwmarkToForward(chainFwFilter *nftables.Chain) {
+	r.conn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: chainFwFilter,
+		Exprs: []expr.Any{
+			&expr.Meta{
+				Key:      expr.MetaKeyMARK,
+				Register: 1,
+			},
+			&expr.Cmp{
+				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+				Register: 1,
+				Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkRedirected),
+			},
+			&expr.Verdict{
+				Kind: expr.VerdictAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *family) addJumpRulesToRtForward(chainFwFilter *nftables.Chain) {
+	expressions := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Verdict{
+			Kind:  expr.VerdictJump,
+			Chain: r.routingFwChainName,
+		},
+	}
+
+	_ = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: chainFwFilter,
+		Exprs: expressions,
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *family) createChain(name string) *nftables.Chain {
+	chain := &nftables.Chain{
+		Name:  name,
+		Table: r.workTable,
+	}
+
+	chain = r.conn.AddChain(chain)
+
+	insertReturnTrafficRule(r.conn, r.workTable, chain)
+
+	return chain
+}
+
+func (r *family) createFilterChainWithHook(name string, hookNum *nftables.ChainHook) *nftables.Chain {
+	polAccept := nftables.ChainPolicyAccept
+	chain := &nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     name,
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Hooknum:  hookNum,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+		Policy:   &polAccept,
+	}
+
+	return r.conn.AddChain(chain)
+}
+
+func (r *family) addDropExpressions(chain *nftables.Chain, ifaceKey expr.MetaKey) []expr.Any {
+	expressions := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{Key: ifaceKey, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictDrop},
+	}
+	_ = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: chain,
+		Exprs: expressions,
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) addJumpRule(chain *nftables.Chain, to string, ifaceKey expr.MetaKey) {
+	expressions := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{Key: ifaceKey, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Verdict{
+			Kind:  expr.VerdictJump,
+			Chain: to,
+		},
+	}
+
+	_ = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: chain.Table,
+		Chain: chain,
+		Exprs: expressions,
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *family) flushWithBackoff() (err error) {
+	backoff := 4
+	backoffTime := 1000 * time.Millisecond
+	for i := 0; ; i++ {
+		err = r.conn.Flush()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to flush nftables: %v", err)
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "busy") {
+				return
+			}
+			log.Error("failed to flush nftables, retrying...")
+			if i == backoff-1 {
+				return err
+			}
+			time.Sleep(backoffTime)
+			backoffTime *= 2
+			continue
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (r *family) refreshRuleHandles(chain *nftables.Chain, mangle bool) error {
+	if r.workTable == nil || chain == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	list, err := r.conn.GetRules(r.workTable, chain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, rule := range list {
+		if len(rule.UserData) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		pr, ok := r.filters[firewall.RuleID(rule.UserData)]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if mangle {
+			if pr.mangleRule != nil {
+				*pr.mangleRule = *rule
+			}
+		} else {
+			*pr.nftRule = *rule
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/dnat_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/dnat_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8eae694a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/dnat_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/xt"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+)
+
+func (r *family) AddDNATRule(rule firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error) {
+	ruleID := rule.ID()
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID+dnatSuffix]; exists {
+		return rule, nil
+	}
+
+	protoNum, err := r.af.protoNum(rule.Protocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Request forwarding before queueing rules: addDnatRedirect/addDnatMasq
+	// buffer netlink messages on r.conn that the next caller's Flush would
+	// commit if we returned without flushing them ourselves.
+	if err := r.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(r.isV6()); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("enable forwarding: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.addDnatRedirect(rule, protoNum, ruleID); err != nil {
+		r.releaseForwarding()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := r.addDnatMasq(rule, protoNum, ruleID); err != nil {
+		r.releaseForwarding()
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID+dnatSuffix)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Unlike iptables, there's no point in adding "out" rules in the forward chain here as our policy is ACCEPT.
+	// To overcome DROP policies in other chains, we'd have to add rules to the chains there.
+	// We also cannot just add "oif <iface> accept" there and filter in our own table as we don't know what is supposed to be allowed.
+	// TODO: find chains with drop policies and add rules there
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		r.releaseForwarding()
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID+dnatSuffix)
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID+snatSuffix)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush rules: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &rule, nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) addDnatRedirect(rule firewall.ForwardRule, protoNum uint8, ruleID firewall.RuleID) error {
+	dnatExprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
+		},
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+			Offset:       2,
+			Len:          2,
+		},
+	}
+	portExprs, err := r.applyPort(&rule.DestinationPort, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply destination port: %w", err)
+	}
+	dnatExprs = append(dnatExprs, portExprs...)
+
+	// shifted translated port is not supported in nftables, so we hand this over to xtables
+	if rule.TranslatedPort.IsRange && len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 2 {
+		if rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0] != rule.DestinationPort.Values[0] ||
+			rule.TranslatedPort.Values[1] != rule.DestinationPort.Values[1] {
+			return r.addXTablesRedirect(dnatExprs, ruleID, rule)
+		}
+	}
+
+	additionalExprs, regProtoMin, regProtoMax, err := r.handleTranslatedPort(rule)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	dnatExprs = append(dnatExprs, additionalExprs...)
+
+	dnatExprs = append(dnatExprs,
+		&expr.NAT{
+			Type:        expr.NATTypeDestNAT,
+			Family:      uint32(r.af.tableFamily),
+			RegAddrMin:  1,
+			RegProtoMin: regProtoMin,
+			RegProtoMax: regProtoMax,
+		},
+	)
+
+	dnatRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingRdr],
+		Exprs:    dnatExprs,
+		UserData: []byte(ruleID + dnatSuffix),
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(dnatRule)
+	r.rules[ruleID+dnatSuffix] = dnatRule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) handleTranslatedPort(rule firewall.ForwardRule) ([]expr.Any, uint32, uint32, error) {
+	switch {
+	case rule.TranslatedPort.IsRange && len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 2:
+		return r.handlePortRange(rule)
+	case len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 0:
+		return r.handleAddressOnly(rule)
+	case len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 1:
+		return r.handleSinglePort(rule)
+	default:
+		return nil, 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid translated port: %v", rule.TranslatedPort)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *family) handlePortRange(rule firewall.ForwardRule) ([]expr.Any, uint32, uint32, error) {
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
+		},
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 2,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0]),
+		},
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 3,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(rule.TranslatedPort.Values[1]),
+		},
+	}
+	return exprs, 2, 3, nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) handleAddressOnly(rule firewall.ForwardRule) ([]expr.Any, uint32, uint32, error) {
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
+		},
+	}
+	return exprs, 0, 0, nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) handleSinglePort(rule firewall.ForwardRule) ([]expr.Any, uint32, uint32, error) {
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
+		},
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 2,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0]),
+		},
+	}
+	return exprs, 2, 0, nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) addXTablesRedirect(dnatExprs []expr.Any, ruleID firewall.RuleID, rule firewall.ForwardRule) error {
+	dnatExprs = append(dnatExprs,
+		&expr.Counter{},
+		&expr.Target{
+			Name: "DNAT",
+			Rev:  2,
+			Info: &xt.NatRange2{
+				NatRange: xt.NatRange{
+					Flags:   uint(xt.NatRangeMapIPs | xt.NatRangeProtoSpecified | xt.NatRangeProtoOffset),
+					MinIP:   rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
+					MaxIP:   rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
+					MinPort: rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0],
+					MaxPort: rule.TranslatedPort.Values[1],
+				},
+				BasePort: rule.DestinationPort.Values[0],
+			},
+		},
+	)
+
+	natTable := &nftables.Table{
+		Name:   tableNat,
+		Family: r.af.tableFamily,
+	}
+	dnatRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table: natTable,
+		Chain: &nftables.Chain{
+			Name:     chainNameNatPrerouting,
+			Table:    natTable,
+			Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
+			Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
+			Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityNATDest,
+		},
+		Exprs:    dnatExprs,
+		UserData: []byte(ruleID + dnatSuffix),
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(dnatRule)
+	r.rules[ruleID+dnatSuffix] = dnatRule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) addDnatMasq(rule firewall.ForwardRule, protoNum uint8, ruleID firewall.RuleID) error {
+	portExprs, err := r.applyPort(&rule.TranslatedPort, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply translated port: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	masqExprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
+		},
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
+			Offset:       r.af.dstAddrOffset,
+			Len:          r.af.addrLen,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	masqExprs = append(masqExprs, portExprs...)
+	masqExprs = append(masqExprs, &expr.Masq{})
+
+	masqRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
+		Exprs:    masqExprs,
+		UserData: []byte(ruleID + snatSuffix),
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(masqRule)
+	r.rules[ruleID+snatSuffix] = masqRule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
+	ruleID := rule.ID()
+
+	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	var needsFlush bool
+	var found bool
+
+	if dnatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID+dnatSuffix]; exists {
+		found = true
+		if dnatRule.Handle == 0 {
+			log.Warnf("dnat rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleID+dnatSuffix)
+			delete(r.rules, ruleID+dnatSuffix)
+		} else if err := r.conn.DelRule(dnatRule); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete dnat rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			needsFlush = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if masqRule, exists := r.rules[ruleID+snatSuffix]; exists {
+		found = true
+		if masqRule.Handle == 0 {
+			log.Warnf("snat rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleID+snatSuffix)
+			delete(r.rules, ruleID+snatSuffix)
+		} else if err := r.conn.DelRule(masqRule); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete snat rule: %w", err))
+		} else {
+			needsFlush = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if needsFlush {
+		if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if merr != nil {
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+	}
+
+	delete(r.rules, ruleID+dnatSuffix)
+	delete(r.rules, ruleID+snatSuffix)
+
+	// Release once, only if the rule was present and removed.
+	if found {
+		r.releaseForwarding()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// releaseForwarding drops one IP forwarding reference, logging any error.
+func (r *family) releaseForwarding() {
+	if err := r.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(r.isV6()); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("release IP forwarding: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// isV6 reports whether this family handles the IPv6 table.
+func (r *family) isV6() bool {
+	return r.af.tableFamily == nftables.TableFamilyIPv6
+}
+
+func (r *family) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	ruleID := firewall.RuleID(fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, originalPort, translatedPort))
+
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	protoNum, err := r.af.protoNum(protocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 2},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 2,
+			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
+		},
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 3,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+			Offset:       2,
+			Len:          2,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 3,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(originalPort),
+		},
+	}
+
+	bits := 32
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		bits = 128
+	}
+	exprs = append(exprs, prefixMatchExprs(r.af, netip.PrefixFrom(localAddr, bits), false)...)
+
+	exprs = append(exprs,
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     localAddr.AsSlice(),
+		},
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 2,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(translatedPort),
+		},
+		&expr.NAT{
+			Type:        expr.NATTypeDestNAT,
+			Family:      uint32(r.af.tableFamily),
+			RegAddrMin:  1,
+			RegProtoMin: 2,
+			RegProtoMax: 0,
+		},
+	)
+
+	dnatRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingRdr],
+		Exprs:    exprs,
+		UserData: []byte(ruleID),
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(dnatRule)
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	r.rules[ruleID] = dnatRule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
+func (r *family) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
+	}
+
+	ruleID := firewall.RuleID(fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, originalPort, translatedPort))
+
+	rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]
+	if !exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if rule.Handle == 0 {
+		log.Warnf("inbound DNAT rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleID)
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("delete inbound DNAT rule %s: %w", ruleID, err)
+	}
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush delete inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ensureNATOutputChain lazily creates the OUTPUT NAT chain on first use.
+func (r *family) ensureNATOutputChain() error {
+	if _, exists := r.chains[chainNameNATOutput]; exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	r.chains[chainNameNATOutput] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameNATOutput,
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookOutput,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityNATDest,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
+	})
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		delete(r.chains, chainNameNATOutput)
+		return fmt.Errorf("create NAT output chain: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AddOutputDNAT adds an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule for locally-generated traffic.
+func (r *family) AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	ruleID := firewall.RuleID(fmt.Sprintf("output-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, originalPort, translatedPort))
+
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := r.ensureNATOutputChain(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	protoNum, err := r.af.protoNum(protocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
+		},
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 2,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+			Offset:       2,
+			Len:          2,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 2,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(originalPort),
+		},
+	}
+
+	bits := 32
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		bits = 128
+	}
+	exprs = append(exprs, prefixMatchExprs(r.af, netip.PrefixFrom(localAddr, bits), false)...)
+
+	exprs = append(exprs,
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     localAddr.AsSlice(),
+		},
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 2,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(translatedPort),
+		},
+		&expr.NAT{
+			Type:        expr.NATTypeDestNAT,
+			Family:      uint32(r.af.tableFamily),
+			RegAddrMin:  1,
+			RegProtoMin: 2,
+		},
+	)
+
+	dnatRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameNATOutput],
+		Exprs:    exprs,
+		UserData: []byte(ruleID),
+	}
+	r.conn.AddRule(dnatRule)
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add output DNAT rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	r.rules[ruleID] = dnatRule
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveOutputDNAT removes an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule.
+func (r *family) RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
+	}
+
+	ruleID := firewall.RuleID(fmt.Sprintf("output-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, originalPort, translatedPort))
+
+	rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]
+	if !exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if rule.Handle == 0 {
+		log.Warnf("output DNAT rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleID)
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("delete output DNAT rule %s: %w", ruleID, err)
+	}
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush delete output DNAT rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/dnat_refcount_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/nftables/dnat_refcount_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdc24e77f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/dnat_refcount_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+)
+
+func nftRefcountIfaceV4() *iFaceMock {
+	return &iFaceMock{
+		NameFunc: func() string { return "wt-refcount" },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.96.0.0/16"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func nftRefcountIfaceDual() *iFaceMock {
+	return &iFaceMock{
+		NameFunc: func() string { return "wt-refcount" },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.96.0.0/16"),
+				IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+				IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func newNftRefcountManager(t *testing.T, dual bool) *Manager {
+	t.Helper()
+	if check() != NFTABLES {
+		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
+	}
+	var ifMock *iFaceMock
+	if dual {
+		ifMock = nftRefcountIfaceDual()
+	} else {
+		ifMock = nftRefcountIfaceV4()
+	}
+	m, err := Create(ifMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create manager")
+	require.NoError(t, m.Init(nil), "init manager")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil), "close manager")
+	})
+	return m
+}
+
+func dnatV4(port uint16) fw.ForwardRule {
+	return fw.ForwardRule{
+		Protocol:          fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		DestinationPort:   fw.Port{Values: []uint16{port}},
+		TranslatedAddress: netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.2"),
+		TranslatedPort:    fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+	}
+}
+
+func dnatV6(port uint16) fw.ForwardRule {
+	return fw.ForwardRule{
+		Protocol:          fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		DestinationPort:   fw.Port{Values: []uint16{port}},
+		TranslatedAddress: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
+		TranslatedPort:    fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNftablesDNAT_RefcountBalancedV4 verifies that Add/Delete pairs leave the
+// v4 refcount at zero.
+func TestNftablesDNAT_RefcountBalancedV4(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newNftRefcountManager(t, false)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(dnatV4(8081))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v4 dnat 1")
+	v4, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "v4 refcount after first add")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unchanged")
+
+	r2, err := m.AddDNATRule(dnatV4(8082))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v4 dnat 2")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, v4, "v4 refcount after second add")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unchanged")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1), "delete v4 dnat 1")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "v4 refcount after first delete")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unchanged")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r2), "delete v4 dnat 2")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "v4 refcount after second delete")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unchanged")
+}
+
+// TestNftablesDNAT_RefcountBalancedV6 verifies the v6 path increments v6 only
+// and decrements back to zero on Delete.
+func TestNftablesDNAT_RefcountBalancedV6(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newNftRefcountManager(t, true)
+	require.NotNil(t, m.family6, "v6 family")
+	require.Same(t, m.family4.ipFwdState, m.family6.ipFwdState, "shared state")
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(dnatV6(9091))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 dnat 1")
+	v4, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "v4 refcount unchanged")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "v6 refcount after first add")
+
+	r2, err := m.AddDNATRule(dnatV6(9092))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 dnat 2")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, v6, "v6 refcount after second add")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1), "delete v6 dnat 1")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "v4 refcount unchanged")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "v6 refcount after first delete")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r2), "delete v6 dnat 2")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount after second delete")
+}
+
+// TestNftablesDNAT_DuplicateAddNoLeak verifies that a duplicate Add (same
+// ForwardRule) does not double-increment the refcount.
+func TestNftablesDNAT_DuplicateAddNoLeak(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newNftRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	rule := dnatV4(8083)
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(rule)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v4 dnat")
+	v4, _ := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4)
+
+	// duplicate add: same rule ID, must be a no-op for the refcount.
+	_, err = m.AddDNATRule(rule)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "duplicate add")
+	v4, _ = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "duplicate add must not increment")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1), "delete v4 dnat")
+	v4, _ = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "single delete must drop to zero")
+}
+
+// TestNftablesDNAT_DeleteMissingNoUnderflow verifies deleting a rule that was
+// never added does not underflow the refcount.
+func TestNftablesDNAT_DeleteMissingNoUnderflow(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newNftRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	// Construct a Rule reference for something never added. The router stores
+	// rules by ID(), and DeleteDNATRule looks them up in r.rules; a missing
+	// entry must be a no-op rather than calling Release.
+	phantom := dnatV4(8099)
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(&phantom), "delete missing v4 dnat")
+	v4, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "v4 refcount unaffected by missing delete")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unaffected")
+
+	phantom6 := dnatV6(9099)
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(&phantom6), "delete missing v6 dnat")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "v6 refcount unaffected by missing delete")
+
+	// And after a phantom delete, a real add still results in count=1.
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(dnatV4(8100))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v4 dnat after phantom delete")
+	v4, _ = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "real add still increments after phantom delete")
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1))
+}
+
+// TestNftablesRouting_RepeatedEnableSingleReference verifies that EnableRouting
+// (called on every network-map update) holds at most one reference per family
+// and a single DisableRouting drops both back to zero.
+func TestNftablesRouting_RepeatedEnableSingleReference(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newNftRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.EnableRouting(), "first enable")
+	require.NoError(t, m.EnableRouting(), "second enable")
+	require.NoError(t, m.EnableRouting(), "third enable")
+	v4, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "repeated enable holds a single v4 reference")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "repeated enable holds a single v6 reference")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DisableRouting(), "disable")
+	v4, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "single disable releases the v4 reference")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "single disable releases the v6 reference")
+}
+
+// TestNftablesRouting_DisableKeepsDNATReference verifies that an unpaired
+// DisableRouting does not release references held by active DNAT rules.
+func TestNftablesRouting_DisableKeepsDNATReference(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newNftRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(dnatV6(9095))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 dnat")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DisableRouting(), "unpaired disable")
+	_, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "DNAT-held reference survives unpaired DisableRouting")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1), "delete v6 dnat")
+	_, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "delete releases the DNAT reference")
+}
+
+// TestNftablesDNAT_DoubleDeleteNoUnderflow verifies that deleting the same rule
+// twice does not underflow the refcount (the second delete is a no-op).
+func TestNftablesDNAT_DoubleDeleteNoUnderflow(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newNftRefcountManager(t, true)
+	state := m.family4.ipFwdState
+
+	r1, err := m.AddDNATRule(dnatV6(9093))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, v6 := state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6)
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1), "first delete")
+	_, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6)
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteDNATRule(r1), "second delete must be no-op")
+	_, v6 = state.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "double delete must not underflow")
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_integration_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_integration_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c4e3f44d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_integration_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestExternalChainMonitorRootIntegration verifies that adding a new chain
+// in an external (non-netbird) filter table triggers the reconciler.
+// Requires CAP_NET_ADMIN; skip otherwise.
+func TestExternalChainMonitorRootIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
+		t.Skip("root required")
+	}
+
+	calls := make(chan struct{}, 8)
+	var count atomic.Int32
+	rec := &countingReconciler{calls: calls, count: &count}
+
+	m := newExternalChainMonitor(rec)
+	m.start()
+	t.Cleanup(m.stop)
+
+	// Give the netlink subscription a moment to register.
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	conn := &nftables.Conn{}
+	table := conn.AddTable(&nftables.Table{
+		Name:   "nbmon_integration_test",
+		Family: nftables.TableFamilyINet,
+	})
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		cleanup := &nftables.Conn{}
+		cleanup.DelTable(table)
+		_ = cleanup.Flush()
+	})
+
+	chain := conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     "filter_INPUT",
+		Table:    table,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookInput,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+	})
+	_ = chain
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Flush(), "create external test chain")
+
+	select {
+	case <-calls:
+		// success
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("reconcile was not invoked after creating an external chain")
+	}
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, count.Load(), int32(1))
+}
+
+type countingReconciler struct {
+	calls chan struct{}
+	count *atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (c *countingReconciler) reconcileExternalChains() error {
+	c.count.Add(1)
+	select {
+	case c.calls <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c91c95cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	externalMonitorReconcileDelay = 500 * time.Millisecond
+	externalMonitorInitInterval   = 5 * time.Second
+	externalMonitorMaxInterval    = 5 * time.Minute
+	externalMonitorRandomization  = 0.5
+)
+
+// externalChainReconciler re-applies passthrough accept rules to external
+// nftables chains. Implementations must be safe to call from the monitor
+// goroutine; the Manager locks its mutex internally.
+type externalChainReconciler interface {
+	reconcileExternalChains() error
+}
+
+// externalChainMonitor watches nftables netlink events and triggers a
+// reconcile when a new table or chain appears (e.g. after
+// `firewall-cmd --reload`). Netlink errors trigger exponential-backoff
+// reconnect.
+type externalChainMonitor struct {
+	reconciler externalChainReconciler
+
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+	done   chan struct{}
+}
+
+func newExternalChainMonitor(r externalChainReconciler) *externalChainMonitor {
+	return &externalChainMonitor{reconciler: r}
+}
+
+func (m *externalChainMonitor) start() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if m.cancel != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	m.cancel = cancel
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	m.done = done
+
+	go m.run(ctx, done)
+}
+
+func (m *externalChainMonitor) stop() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	cancel := m.cancel
+	done := m.done
+	m.cancel = nil
+	m.done = nil
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if cancel == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	cancel()
+	<-done
+}
+
+func (m *externalChainMonitor) run(ctx context.Context, done chan struct{}) {
+	defer close(done)
+
+	bo := &backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
+		InitialInterval:     externalMonitorInitInterval,
+		RandomizationFactor: externalMonitorRandomization,
+		Multiplier:          backoff.DefaultMultiplier,
+		MaxInterval:         externalMonitorMaxInterval,
+		MaxElapsedTime:      0,
+		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
+	}
+	bo.Reset()
+
+	for ctx.Err() == nil {
+		err := m.watch(ctx)
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		delay := bo.NextBackOff()
+		log.Warnf("external chain monitor: %v, reconnecting in %s", err, delay)
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-time.After(delay):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *externalChainMonitor) watch(ctx context.Context) error {
+	events, closeMon, err := m.subscribe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer closeMon()
+
+	debounce := time.NewTimer(time.Hour)
+	if !debounce.Stop() {
+		<-debounce.C
+	}
+	defer debounce.Stop()
+
+	pending := false
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil
+		case <-debounce.C:
+			pending = false
+			m.reconcile()
+		case ev, ok := <-events:
+			if !ok {
+				return errors.New("monitor channel closed")
+			}
+			if ev.Error != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("monitor event: %w", ev.Error)
+			}
+			if !isRelevantMonitorEvent(ev) {
+				continue
+			}
+			resetDebounce(debounce, pending)
+			pending = true
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *externalChainMonitor) subscribe() (chan *nftables.MonitorEvent, func(), error) {
+	conn := &nftables.Conn{}
+	mon := nftables.NewMonitor(
+		nftables.WithMonitorAction(nftables.MonitorActionNew),
+		nftables.WithMonitorObject(nftables.MonitorObjectChains|nftables.MonitorObjectTables),
+	)
+	events, err := conn.AddMonitor(mon)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("add netlink monitor: %w", err)
+	}
+	return events, func() { _ = mon.Close() }, nil
+}
+
+// resetDebounce reschedules a pending debounce timer without leaking a stale
+// fire on its channel. pending must reflect whether the timer is armed.
+func resetDebounce(t *time.Timer, pending bool) {
+	if pending && !t.Stop() {
+		select {
+		case <-t.C:
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+	t.Reset(externalMonitorReconcileDelay)
+}
+
+func (m *externalChainMonitor) reconcile() {
+	if err := m.reconciler.reconcileExternalChains(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("reconcile external chain rules: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// isRelevantMonitorEvent returns true for table/chain creation events on
+// families we care about. The reconciler filters to actual external filter
+// chains.
+func isRelevantMonitorEvent(ev *nftables.MonitorEvent) bool {
+	switch ev.Type {
+	case nftables.MonitorEventTypeNewChain:
+		chain, ok := ev.Data.(*nftables.Chain)
+		if !ok || chain == nil || chain.Table == nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		return isMonitoredFamily(chain.Table.Family)
+	case nftables.MonitorEventTypeNewTable:
+		table, ok := ev.Data.(*nftables.Table)
+		if !ok || table == nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		return isMonitoredFamily(table.Family)
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isMonitoredFamily(family nftables.TableFamily) bool {
+	switch family {
+	case nftables.TableFamilyIPv4, nftables.TableFamilyIPv6, nftables.TableFamilyINet:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a37faca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/external_chain_monitor_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestIsMonitoredFamily(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		family nftables.TableFamily
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{nftables.TableFamilyIPv4, true},
+		{nftables.TableFamilyIPv6, true},
+		{nftables.TableFamilyINet, true},
+		{nftables.TableFamilyARP, false},
+		{nftables.TableFamilyBridge, false},
+		{nftables.TableFamilyNetdev, false},
+		{nftables.TableFamilyUnspecified, false},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		assert.Equal(t, tc.want, isMonitoredFamily(tc.family), "family=%d", tc.family)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsRelevantMonitorEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	inetTable := &nftables.Table{Name: "firewalld", Family: nftables.TableFamilyINet}
+	ipTable := &nftables.Table{Name: "filter", Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4}
+	arpTable := &nftables.Table{Name: "arp", Family: nftables.TableFamilyARP}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		ev   *nftables.MonitorEvent
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "new chain in inet firewalld",
+			ev: &nftables.MonitorEvent{
+				Type: nftables.MonitorEventTypeNewChain,
+				Data: &nftables.Chain{Name: "filter_INPUT", Table: inetTable},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "new chain in ip filter",
+			ev: &nftables.MonitorEvent{
+				Type: nftables.MonitorEventTypeNewChain,
+				Data: &nftables.Chain{Name: "INPUT", Table: ipTable},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "new chain in unwatched arp family",
+			ev: &nftables.MonitorEvent{
+				Type: nftables.MonitorEventTypeNewChain,
+				Data: &nftables.Chain{Name: "x", Table: arpTable},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "new table inet",
+			ev: &nftables.MonitorEvent{
+				Type: nftables.MonitorEventTypeNewTable,
+				Data: inetTable,
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "del chain (we only act on new)",
+			ev: &nftables.MonitorEvent{
+				Type: nftables.MonitorEventTypeDelChain,
+				Data: &nftables.Chain{Name: "filter_INPUT", Table: inetTable},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "chain with nil table",
+			ev: &nftables.MonitorEvent{
+				Type: nftables.MonitorEventTypeNewChain,
+				Data: &nftables.Chain{Name: "x"},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "nil data",
+			ev: &nftables.MonitorEvent{
+				Type: nftables.MonitorEventTypeNewChain,
+				Data: (*nftables.Chain)(nil),
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, isRelevantMonitorEvent(tc.ev))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// fakeReconciler records reconcile invocations for debounce tests.
+type fakeReconciler struct {
+	calls chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (f *fakeReconciler) reconcileExternalChains() error {
+	f.calls <- struct{}{}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestExternalChainMonitorStopWithoutStart(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newExternalChainMonitor(&fakeReconciler{calls: make(chan struct{}, 1)})
+	// Must not panic or block.
+	m.stop()
+}
+
+func TestExternalChainMonitorDoubleStart(t *testing.T) {
+	// start() twice should be a no-op; stop() cleans up once.
+	// We avoid exercising the netlink watch loop here because it needs root.
+	m := newExternalChainMonitor(&fakeReconciler{calls: make(chan struct{}, 1)})
+
+	// Replace run with a stub that just waits for cancel, so start() stays
+	// deterministic without opening a netlink socket.
+	origDone := make(chan struct{})
+	m.done = origDone
+	m.cancel = func() { close(origDone) }
+
+	// Second start should be a no-op (cancel already set).
+	m.start()
+	assert.NotNil(t, m.cancel)
+
+	m.stop()
+	assert.Nil(t, m.cancel)
+	assert.Nil(t, m.done)
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/family_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/family_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a5df3ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/family_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/firewalld"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+)
+
+const (
+	tableNat      = "nat"
+	tableMangle   = "mangle"
+	tableRaw      = "raw"
+	tableSecurity = "security"
+
+	chainNameNatPrerouting = "PREROUTING"
+	chainNameRoutingFw     = "netbird-rt-fwd"
+	chainNameRoutingNat    = "netbird-rt-postrouting"
+	chainNameRoutingRdr    = "netbird-rt-redirect"
+	chainNameNATOutput     = "netbird-nat-output"
+	chainNameForward       = "FORWARD"
+	chainNameMangleForward = "netbird-mangle-forward"
+
+	// Peer ACL chain names.
+	chainNameInputRules        = "netbird-acl-input-rules"
+	chainNameInputFilter       = "netbird-acl-input-filter"
+	chainNameForwardFilter     = "netbird-acl-forward-filter"
+	chainNameManglePrerouting  = "netbird-mangle-prerouting"
+	chainNameManglePostrouting = "netbird-mangle-postrouting"
+
+	flushError = "flush: %w"
+
+	firewalldTableName = "firewalld"
+
+	userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif = "frwacceptiif"
+	userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif = "frwacceptoif"
+	userDataAcceptInputRule      = "inputaccept"
+
+	dnatSuffix firewall.RuleID = "_dnat"
+	snatSuffix firewall.RuleID = "_snat"
+
+	// ipv4TCPHeaderSize is the minimum IPv4 (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation.
+	ipv4TCPHeaderSize = 40
+	// ipv6TCPHeaderSize is the minimum IPv6 (40) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation.
+	ipv6TCPHeaderSize = 60
+
+	// maxPrefixesSet 1638 prefixes start to fail, taking some margin
+	maxPrefixesSet       = 1500
+	refreshRulesMapError = "refresh rules map: %w"
+)
+
+var (
+	errFilterTableNotFound = fmt.Errorf("'filter' table not found")
+)
+
+type setInput struct {
+	set      firewall.Set
+	prefixes []netip.Prefix
+}
+
+// family holds the per-address-family nftables state. One instance
+// handles route ACLs, peer ACLs, NAT, DNAT, and MSS clamping for a
+// single family; the top-level Manager owns one for v4 and another
+// for v6. The name predates the peer-ACL absorption; it's effectively
+// the per-family backend now.
+type family struct {
+	conn        *nftables.Conn
+	workTable   *nftables.Table
+	filterTable *nftables.Table
+	chains      map[string]*nftables.Chain
+
+	// filters holds peer + route filter rules keyed by content hash.
+	// AddFilterRule writes here; DeleteFilterRule looks up by id.
+	filters map[firewall.RuleID]*Rule
+
+	// rules holds NAT, DNAT, and external accept rules (auxiliary
+	// plumbing that isn't a filter rule).
+	rules map[firewall.RuleID]*nftables.Rule
+
+	// Peer ACL chain handles.
+	chainInputRules    *nftables.Chain
+	chainPrerouting    *nftables.Chain
+	routingFwChainName string
+
+	ipsetCounter *refcounter.Counter[string, setInput, *nftables.Set]
+
+	af               addrFamily
+	wgIface          iFaceMapper
+	ipFwdState       *ipfwdstate.IPForwardingState
+	legacyManagement bool
+	mtu              uint16
+}
+
+func newFamily(workTable *nftables.Table, wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) *family {
+	r := &family{
+		conn:               &nftables.Conn{},
+		workTable:          workTable,
+		chains:             make(map[string]*nftables.Chain),
+		filters:            make(map[firewall.RuleID]*Rule),
+		rules:              make(map[firewall.RuleID]*nftables.Rule),
+		routingFwChainName: chainNameRoutingFw,
+		af:                 familyForAddr(workTable.Family == nftables.TableFamilyIPv4),
+		wgIface:            wgIface,
+		ipFwdState:         ipfwdstate.NewIPForwardingState(wgIface.Name()),
+		mtu:                mtu,
+	}
+
+	r.ipsetCounter = refcounter.New(
+		r.createIpSet,
+		r.deleteIpSet,
+	)
+
+	var err error
+	r.filterTable, err = r.loadFilterTable()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("ip filter table not found: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return r
+}
+
+func (r *family) init(workTable *nftables.Table) error {
+	r.workTable = workTable
+
+	if err := r.removeAcceptFilterRules(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to clean up rules from filter table: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.createContainers(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create containers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.setupDataPlaneMark(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to set up data plane mark: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.createDefaultChains(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create default acl chains: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Reset cleans existing nftables filter table rules from the system
+func (r *family) Reset() error {
+	// clear without deleting the ipsets, the nf table will be deleted by the caller
+	r.ipsetCounter.Clear()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := r.removeAcceptFilterRules(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove accept filter rules: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	if err := firewalld.UntrustInterface(r.wgIface.Name()); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.removeNatPreroutingRules(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove filter prerouting rules: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) loadFilterTable() (*nftables.Table, error) {
+	tables, err := r.conn.ListTablesOfFamily(r.af.tableFamily)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list tables: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, table := range tables {
+		if table.Name == "filter" {
+			return table, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, errFilterTableNotFound
+}
+
+func hookName(hook *nftables.ChainHook) string {
+	if hook == nil {
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+	switch *hook {
+	case *nftables.ChainHookForward:
+		return chainNameForward
+	case *nftables.ChainHookInput:
+		return chainNameInput
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("hook(%d)", *hook)
+	}
+}
+
+func familyName(family nftables.TableFamily) string {
+	switch family {
+	case nftables.TableFamilyIPv4:
+		return "ip"
+	case nftables.TableFamilyIPv6:
+		return "ip6"
+	case nftables.TableFamilyINet:
+		return "inet"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("family(%d)", family)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *family) iptablesProto() iptables.Protocol {
+	if r.af.tableFamily == nftables.TableFamilyIPv6 {
+		return iptables.ProtocolIPv6
+	}
+	return iptables.ProtocolIPv4
+}
+
+func (r *family) refreshRulesMap() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	newRules := make(map[firewall.RuleID]*nftables.Rule)
+	for _, chain := range r.chains {
+		rules, err := r.conn.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
+		if err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("list rules for chain %s: %w", chain.Name, err))
+			// preserve existing entries for this chain since we can't verify their state
+			for k, v := range r.rules {
+				if v.Chain != nil && v.Chain.Name == chain.Name {
+					newRules[k] = v
+				}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, rule := range rules {
+			if len(rule.UserData) > 0 {
+				newRules[firewall.RuleID(rule.UserData)] = rule
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	r.rules = newRules
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/filter_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/filter_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebd238063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/filter_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
+)
+
+// AddFilterRule installs one nftables packet-filter rule. With
+// destination empty the rule goes to the peer ACL input chain plus a
+// paired prerouting mangle rule for the redirect mark. With
+// destination set (prefix or named set) it goes to the route ACL
+// forward chain. Multi-source rules collapse to one nftables rule
+// backed by the shared refcounted hash:net set.
+func (r *family) AddFilterRule(
+	id []byte,
+	sources []netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
+	proto firewall.Protocol,
+	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	dPort *firewall.Port,
+	action firewall.Action,
+) (firewall.Rule, error) {
+	isRoute := !destination.IsZero()
+
+	ruleID := nbid.GenerateRuleID(sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	if existing, ok := r.filters[ruleID]; ok {
+		return existing, nil
+	}
+
+	srcExprs, err := r.applyNetwork(sourceNetwork(sources), sources, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var exprs []expr.Any
+	if isRoute {
+		exprs, err = r.buildRouteFilterExprs(srcExprs, destination, proto, sPort, dPort)
+	} else {
+		exprs, err = r.buildPeerFilterExprs(srcExprs, proto, sPort, dPort)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		r.dropNetworkMatch(srcExprs)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	mainExprs := slices.Clone(exprs)
+	verdict := expr.VerdictAccept
+	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
+		verdict = expr.VerdictDrop
+	}
+	mainExprs = append(mainExprs, &expr.Verdict{Kind: verdict})
+
+	chain := r.chainInputRules
+	if isRoute {
+		chain = r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw]
+	}
+
+	userData := []byte(ruleID)
+
+	// Build the paired prerouting mangle rule before flushing so both
+	// rules commit in one transaction. An anonymous port set binds to
+	// exactly one rule, so the mangle rule needs its own expression list
+	// with fresh sets, not a clone of the main rule's. Guard on the
+	// prerouting chain first: building the expressions queues the port
+	// set, so skipping the build when there is no chain to bind it to
+	// keeps an unbound set out of the connection batch.
+	var mangleRule *nftables.Rule
+	if !isRoute && r.chainPrerouting != nil {
+		mangleExprs, err := r.buildPeerFilterExprs(srcExprs, proto, sPort, dPort)
+		if err != nil {
+			r.dropNetworkMatch(exprs)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("build mangle rule: %w", err)
+		}
+		mangleRule = r.queuePreroutingRule(mangleExprs, userData)
+	}
+
+	nftRule := &nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Chain:    chain,
+		Exprs:    mainExprs,
+		UserData: userData,
+	}
+	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
+		nftRule = r.conn.InsertRule(nftRule)
+	} else {
+		nftRule = r.conn.AddRule(nftRule)
+	}
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		r.dropNetworkMatch(exprs)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+	}
+
+	rule := &Rule{
+		nftRule:    nftRule,
+		mangleRule: mangleRule,
+		sources:    sources,
+		id:         ruleID,
+	}
+	r.filters[ruleID] = rule
+
+	log.Debugf("added filter rule: sources=%v, destination=%v, proto=%v, sPort=%v, dPort=%v, action=%v",
+		sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+// buildPeerFilterExprs assembles the input-chain (peer ACL) match: the
+// IP-header protocol byte read via Payload, then source, then ports
+// (no counter), matching the historical peer shape so per-rule kernel
+// state is identical to pre-unification.
+func (r *family) buildPeerFilterExprs(
+	srcExprs []expr.Any,
+	proto firewall.Protocol,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
+) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	var exprs []expr.Any
+
+	if proto != firewall.ProtocolALL {
+		protoNum, err := r.af.protoNum(proto)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
+		}
+		exprs = append(exprs,
+			&expr.Payload{
+				DestRegister: 1,
+				Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
+				Offset:       r.af.protoOffset,
+				Len:          1,
+			},
+			&expr.Cmp{Op: expr.CmpOpEq, Register: 1, Data: []byte{protoNum}},
+		)
+	}
+	exprs = append(exprs, srcExprs...)
+
+	portExprs, err := r.applyPorts(sPort, dPort)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	exprs = append(exprs, portExprs...)
+	return exprs, nil
+}
+
+// buildRouteFilterExprs assembles the forward-chain (route ACL) match:
+// source, then destination, then optional proto/ports, then a counter.
+func (r *family) buildRouteFilterExprs(
+	srcExprs []expr.Any,
+	destination firewall.Network,
+	proto firewall.Protocol,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
+) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	exprs := append([]expr.Any{}, srcExprs...)
+
+	destExprs, err := r.applyNetwork(destination, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
+	}
+	exprs = append(exprs, destExprs...)
+
+	if proto != firewall.ProtocolALL {
+		protoNum, err := r.af.protoNum(proto)
+		if err != nil {
+			r.dropNetworkMatch(destExprs)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
+		}
+		exprs = append(exprs,
+			&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
+			&expr.Cmp{Op: expr.CmpOpEq, Register: 1, Data: []byte{protoNum}},
+		)
+
+		portExprs, err := r.applyPorts(sPort, dPort)
+		if err != nil {
+			r.dropNetworkMatch(destExprs)
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		exprs = append(exprs, portExprs...)
+	}
+
+	exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Counter{})
+	return exprs, nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) hasRule(id firewall.RuleID) bool {
+	_, ok := r.filters[id]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (r *family) hasDNATRule(id firewall.RuleID) bool {
+	_, ok := r.rules[id+dnatSuffix]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// DeleteFilterRule removes a previously installed filter rule. Source
+// set references are recovered from the stored rule's expressions via
+// findSets and dropped from the shared refcounter.
+func (r *family) DeleteFilterRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
+	ruleID := rule.ID()
+	pr, ok := r.filters[ruleID]
+	if !ok {
+		log.Debugf("filter rule %s not found", ruleID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// A freshly added rule carries no handle until it is read back from
+	// the kernel, and Flush only refreshes the peer chains. Pull live
+	// handles for this rule's chain before deciding it is stale so route
+	// rules (which Flush never refreshes) can actually be deleted. A
+	// refresh failure aborts the delete without touching tracking state,
+	// so the caller can retry while the rule may still exist in the kernel.
+	if pr.nftRule.Handle == 0 {
+		if err := r.refreshRuleHandles(pr.nftRule.Chain, false); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("refresh handles for chain %s: %w", pr.nftRule.Chain.Name, err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Refresh the mangle handle independently: the main rule's handle can
+	// be populated while the prerouting refresh during Flush failed, and
+	// gating the mangle refresh on the main handle would leak the mangle
+	// rule on delete.
+	if pr.mangleRule != nil && pr.mangleRule.Handle == 0 {
+		if err := r.refreshRuleHandles(r.chainPrerouting, true); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("refresh mangle handles: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if pr.nftRule.Handle == 0 {
+		log.Warnf("filter rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleID)
+		// The paired mangle rule can still be in the kernel with a live
+		// handle. Dropping the tracking entry without removing it would
+		// leave a prerouting rule that nothing can find again.
+		if err := r.deleteMangleRule(pr, ruleID); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		r.dropNetworkMatch(pr.nftRule.Exprs)
+		delete(r.filters, ruleID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.DelRule(pr.nftRule); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("queue rule delete: %v", err)
+	}
+	r.queueMangleDelete(pr)
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush delete %s: %w", ruleID, err)
+	}
+
+	r.dropNetworkMatch(pr.nftRule.Exprs)
+	delete(r.filters, ruleID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// deleteMangleRule removes the prerouting rule paired with a filter rule on
+// its own, for the paths that drop the filter rule's tracking without queueing
+// a delete for it.
+func (r *family) deleteMangleRule(pr *Rule, ruleID firewall.RuleID) error {
+	if pr.mangleRule == nil || pr.mangleRule.Handle == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	r.queueMangleDelete(pr)
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("flush mangle delete %s: %w", ruleID, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// queueMangleDelete queues the delete of the rule's prerouting counterpart, if
+// it has one. The caller commits it.
+func (r *family) queueMangleDelete(pr *Rule) {
+	if pr.mangleRule == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := r.conn.DelRule(pr.mangleRule); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("queue mangle rule delete: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *family) decrementSetCounter(rule *nftables.Rule) error {
+	if r.ipsetCounter == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	sets := findSets(rule)
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, setName := range sets {
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// dropNetworkMatch undoes whatever the source/destination match
+// reserved. Safe to call when the spec is empty or holds only inline
+// matchers.
+func (r *family) dropNetworkMatch(exprs []expr.Any) {
+	if r.ipsetCounter == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, e := range exprs {
+		lookup, ok := e.(*expr.Lookup)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(lookup.SetName); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("rollback ipset decrement %s: %v", lookup.SetName, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *family) applyNetwork(
+	network firewall.Network,
+	setPrefixes []netip.Prefix,
+	isSource bool,
+) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	if network.IsSet() {
+		exprs, err := r.getIpSet(network.Set, setPrefixes, isSource)
+		if err != nil {
+			side := "destination"
+			if isSource {
+				side = "source"
+			}
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s set: %w", side, err)
+		}
+		return exprs, nil
+	}
+
+	if network.IsPrefix() {
+		return prefixMatchExprs(r.af, network.Prefix, isSource), nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// applyPort builds the transport-header port match. A single value
+// compares directly, a range uses a range expression, and multiple
+// values go through an anonymous constant set: consecutive cmp
+// expressions AND together, so chained equality comparisons could
+// never match more than one port. The set is queued on the
+// connection and committed by the caller's flush together with the
+// rule that binds it.
+func (r *family) applyPort(port *firewall.Port, isSource bool) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	if port == nil || len(port.Values) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// dst port
+	offset := uint32(2)
+	if isSource {
+		// src port
+		offset = 0
+	}
+
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+			Offset:       offset,
+			Len:          2,
+		},
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case port.IsRange && len(port.Values) == 2:
+		exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Range{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			FromData: binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(port.Values[0]),
+			ToData:   binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(port.Values[1]),
+		})
+	case len(port.Values) == 1:
+		exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(port.Values[0]),
+		})
+	default:
+		lookup, err := r.anonymousPortSet(port.Values)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		exprs = append(exprs, lookup)
+	}
+
+	return exprs, nil
+}
+
+// anonymousPortSet queues an anonymous constant set holding the given
+// ports on the connection and returns a lookup against it. The set is
+// committed by the caller's flush together with the rule that binds it.
+func (r *family) anonymousPortSet(values []uint16) (*expr.Lookup, error) {
+	set := &nftables.Set{
+		Anonymous: true,
+		Constant:  true,
+		Table:     r.workTable,
+		KeyType:   nftables.TypeInetService,
+	}
+	elements := make([]nftables.SetElement, 0, len(values))
+	for _, p := range values {
+		elements = append(elements, nftables.SetElement{Key: binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(p)})
+	}
+	if err := r.conn.AddSet(set, elements); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add anonymous port set: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &expr.Lookup{
+		SourceRegister: 1,
+		SetID:          set.ID,
+		SetName:        set.Name,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// applyPorts builds the source then destination port matches.
+func (r *family) applyPorts(sPort, dPort *firewall.Port) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	sPortExprs, err := r.applyPort(sPort, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply source port: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	dPortExprs, err := r.applyPort(dPort, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply destination port: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return append(sPortExprs, dPortExprs...), nil
+}
+
+// prefixMatchExprs is the family-aware match sequence for a CIDR
+// prefix. /0 returns nil; a host prefix (full bit length for the
+// family) skips the bitwise step since the mask is all-ones. Shared
+// between family and aclManager so both treat single prefixes
+// identically.
+func prefixMatchExprs(af addrFamily, prefix netip.Prefix, isSource bool) []expr.Any {
+	offset := af.dstAddrOffset
+	if isSource {
+		offset = af.srcAddrOffset
+	}
+
+	ones := prefix.Bits()
+	if ones == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	payload := &expr.Payload{
+		DestRegister: 1,
+		Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
+		Offset:       offset,
+		Len:          af.addrLen,
+	}
+	cmp := &expr.Cmp{
+		Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+		Register: 1,
+		Data:     prefix.Masked().Addr().AsSlice(),
+	}
+
+	if ones == af.totalBits {
+		return []expr.Any{payload, cmp}
+	}
+
+	mask := net.CIDRMask(ones, af.totalBits)
+	xor := make([]byte, af.addrLen)
+	return []expr.Any{
+		payload,
+		&expr.Bitwise{
+			DestRegister:   1,
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			Len:            af.addrLen,
+			Mask:           mask,
+			Xor:            xor,
+		},
+		cmp,
+	}
+}
+
+func getCtNewExprs() []expr.Any {
+	return []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Ct{
+			Key:      expr.CtKeySTATE,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Bitwise{
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			DestRegister:   1,
+			Len:            4,
+			Mask:           binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(expr.CtStateBitNEW),
+			Xor:            binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(0),
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// sourceNetwork classifies a source-prefix list into the firewall.Network
+// shape the rest of the spec-builder consumes: empty for match-any, a
+// single prefix inline, or an ipset for multiple sources.
+func sourceNetwork(sources []netip.Prefix) firewall.Network {
+	switch {
+	case len(sources) == 0:
+		return firewall.Network{}
+	case len(sources) == 1 && sources[0].Bits() == 0:
+		return firewall.Network{}
+	case len(sources) == 1:
+		return firewall.Network{Prefix: sources[0]}
+	default:
+		return firewall.Network{Set: firewall.NewPrefixSet(sources)}
+	}
+}
+
+func ifname(n string) []byte {
+	b := make([]byte, 16)
+	copy(b, n+"\x00")
+	return b
+}
+
+// findSets scans an nftables rule's expressions for expr.Lookup and
+// returns the named sets in occurrence order. Used at delete time to
+// drop ipsetCounter references; peer and route ACLs go through it.
+func findSets(rule *nftables.Rule) []string {
+	var sets []string
+	for _, e := range rule.Exprs {
+		if lookup, ok := e.(*expr.Lookup); ok {
+			sets = append(sets, lookup.SetName)
+		}
+	}
+	return sets
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/interface_allower_integration_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/nftables/interface_allower_integration_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d4bc6187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/interface_allower_integration_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+)
+
+// TestInterfaceAllowerInputOnly verifies the userspace-mode allower opens the
+// interface on the INPUT hook of foreign chains only (not FORWARD, since the
+// userspace router never forwards in the kernel), creates no netbird work
+// table, and removes its rules on Close.
+func TestInterfaceAllowerInputOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Geteuid() != 0 {
+		t.Skip("root required")
+	}
+
+	require.False(t, ipTableExists(t, getTableName()), "precondition: no stale netbird table")
+
+	conn := &nftables.Conn{}
+	extTable := conn.AddTable(&nftables.Table{Name: "nbtest_extchains", Family: nftables.TableFamilyINet})
+	inputChain := conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name: "ext_input", Table: extTable,
+		Hooknum: nftables.ChainHookInput, Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter, Type: nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+	})
+	forwardChain := conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
+		Name: "ext_forward", Table: extTable,
+		Hooknum: nftables.ChainHookForward, Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter, Type: nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Flush(), "create external table and chains")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		c := &nftables.Conn{}
+		c.DelTable(extTable)
+		_ = c.Flush()
+	})
+
+	allower, err := NewInterfaceAllower(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create allower")
+	require.NoError(t, allower.Apply(), "apply")
+
+	require.True(t, chainHasUserData(t, extTable, inputChain, userDataAcceptInputRule),
+		"external INPUT chain should get the accept rule")
+	require.Len(t, listRules(t, extTable, forwardChain), 0,
+		"external FORWARD chain must not be opened in userspace mode")
+	require.False(t, ipTableExists(t, getTableName()),
+		"allower must not create a netbird work table")
+
+	require.NoError(t, allower.Close(), "close")
+	require.False(t, chainHasUserData(t, extTable, inputChain, userDataAcceptInputRule),
+		"accept rule should be removed on close")
+}
+
+func listRules(t *testing.T, table *nftables.Table, chain *nftables.Chain) []*nftables.Rule {
+	t.Helper()
+	c := &nftables.Conn{}
+	rules, err := c.GetRules(table, chain)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return rules
+}
+
+func chainHasUserData(t *testing.T, table *nftables.Table, chain *nftables.Chain, ud string) bool {
+	for _, r := range listRules(t, table, chain) {
+		if bytes.Equal(r.UserData, []byte(ud)) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func ipTableExists(t *testing.T, name string) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+	c := &nftables.Conn{}
+	for _, fam := range []nftables.TableFamily{nftables.TableFamilyIPv4, nftables.TableFamilyIPv6} {
+		tbls, err := c.ListTablesOfFamily(fam)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		for _, tb := range tbls {
+			if tb.Name == name {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/interface_allower_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/interface_allower_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7232e2bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/interface_allower_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+)
+
+// InterfaceAllower opens the NetBird interface in the kernel's filter table and
+// external chains and keeps them reconciled via a netlink monitor, so the host
+// firewall doesn't drop traffic the NetBird firewall handles. It is used by the
+// userspace firewall, where routing happens in the forwarder, so only INPUT is
+// opened (the userspace router never forwards in the kernel).
+//
+// It owns its own families/connection and never creates a netbird work table.
+// firewalld trust is handled by the caller, not here. Its operations are serial
+// (Apply before the monitor starts; reconciles run on the single monitor
+// goroutine; Close stops the monitor before removing), so it needs no locking.
+//
+// TODO: this opens nftables and the iptables-nft filter table (detected via
+// nft), but not a legacy-iptables ruleset running in parallel with nftables.
+// Such a host would keep its legacy filter chains closed for the interface.
+type InterfaceAllower struct {
+	family4    *family
+	family6    *family
+	extMonitor *externalChainMonitor
+}
+
+// NewInterfaceAllower builds an allower for the given interface. It returns an
+// error when nftables is unavailable (e.g. an iptables-legacy host), so the
+// caller can fall back to firewalld trust.
+func NewInterfaceAllower(wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*InterfaceAllower, error) {
+	tableName := getTableName()
+
+	family4 := newFamily(&nftables.Table{Name: tableName, Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4}, wgIface, mtu)
+
+	// Probe nftables availability before committing to this backend.
+	if _, err := family4.conn.ListChainsOfTableFamily(nftables.TableFamilyINet); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nftables not available: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	a := &InterfaceAllower{family4: family4}
+
+	if wgIface.Address().HasIPv6() {
+		a.family6 = newFamily(&nftables.Table{Name: tableName, Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv6}, wgIface, mtu)
+	}
+
+	a.extMonitor = newExternalChainMonitor(a)
+	return a, nil
+}
+
+// Apply opens the interface (INPUT only) in the foreign filter chains and starts
+// reconciling them on nftables changes.
+func (a *InterfaceAllower) Apply() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, f := range a.families() {
+		// Remove any stale accepts first so a prior unclean exit (e.g. SIGKILL,
+		// where Close never ran) is recovered deterministically rather than
+		// accumulating duplicate rules on the iptables filter table.
+		if err := f.removeAcceptFilterRules(); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("clean stale accept rules: %w", err))
+		}
+		if err := f.openInterface(false); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	a.extMonitor.start()
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// families returns the configured address families (v4, and v6 when present).
+func (a *InterfaceAllower) families() []*family {
+	families := []*family{a.family4}
+	if a.family6 != nil {
+		families = append(families, a.family6)
+	}
+	return families
+}
+
+// reconcileExternalChains re-applies the INPUT accepts to external chains. It
+// implements externalChainReconciler for the monitor.
+func (a *InterfaceAllower) reconcileExternalChains() error {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, f := range a.families() {
+		if err := f.acceptExternalChainsRules(false); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// Close stops the monitor and removes the accept rules.
+func (a *InterfaceAllower) Close() error {
+	a.extMonitor.stop()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, f := range a.families() {
+		if err := f.removeAcceptFilterRules(); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/ipset_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/ipset_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34783bbeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/ipset_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+)
+
+func (r *family) getIpSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix, isSource bool) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	ref, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(set.HashedName(), setInput{
+		set:      set,
+		prefixes: prefixes,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return r.getIpSetExprs(ref, isSource)
+}
+
+func (r *family) createIpSet(setName string, input setInput) (*nftables.Set, error) {
+	// overlapping prefixes will result in an error, so we need to merge them
+	prefixes := firewall.MergeIPRanges(input.prefixes)
+
+	nfset := &nftables.Set{
+		Name:    setName,
+		Comment: input.set.Comment(),
+		Table:   r.workTable,
+		// required for prefixes
+		Interval: true,
+		KeyType:  r.af.setKeyType,
+	}
+
+	elements := r.convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
+	nElements := len(elements)
+
+	maxElements := maxPrefixesSet * 2
+	initialElements := elements[:min(maxElements, nElements)]
+
+	if err := r.conn.AddSet(nfset, initialElements); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding set %s: %w", setName, err)
+	}
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
+	}
+	log.Debugf("Created new ipset: %s with %d initial prefixes (total prefixes %d)", setName, len(initialElements)/2, len(prefixes))
+
+	// The set is committed now. If a later batch fails, destroy it: the
+	// refcounter records nothing on a create-callback error, so it would
+	// otherwise leak, and a partial source set fails-open for deny rules.
+	if err := r.addRemainingElements(nfset, elements, maxElements); err != nil {
+		if derr := r.deleteIpSet(setName, nfset); derr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("rollback ipset %s after add failure: %v", setName, derr)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Created new ipset: %s with %d prefixes", setName, len(prefixes))
+	return nfset, nil
+}
+
+// addRemainingElements adds element batches beyond the initial one in
+// maxElements-sized chunks, flushing each. Called after the set has been
+// created with its first batch.
+func (r *family) addRemainingElements(nfset *nftables.Set, elements []nftables.SetElement, maxElements int) error {
+	nElements := len(elements)
+	for subStart := maxElements; subStart < nElements; subStart += maxElements {
+		subEnd := min(subStart+maxElements, nElements)
+		subElement := elements[subStart:subEnd]
+		nSubPrefixes := len(subElement) / 2
+		log.Tracef("Adding new prefixes (%d) in ipset: %s", nSubPrefixes, nfset.Name)
+		if err := r.conn.SetAddElements(nfset, subElement); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error adding prefixes (%d) to set %s: %w", nSubPrefixes, nfset.Name, err)
+		}
+		if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
+		}
+		log.Debugf("Added new prefixes (%d) in ipset: %s", nSubPrefixes, nfset.Name)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes []netip.Prefix) []nftables.SetElement {
+	var elements []nftables.SetElement
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		// nftables needs half-open intervals [firstIP, lastIP) for prefixes
+		// e.g. 10.0.0.0/24 becomes [10.0.0.0, 10.0.1.0), 10.1.1.1/32 becomes [10.1.1.1, 10.1.1.2) etc
+		firstIP := prefix.Addr()
+
+		// For a /0 the last address is the broadcast and its Next() overflows
+		// to an invalid Addr with an empty key, so wrap to the zero address,
+		// which nftables reads as the open end of a full-range interval.
+		var lastKey []byte
+		if prefix.Bits() == 0 {
+			lastKey = make([]byte, r.af.addrLen)
+		} else {
+			lastKey = calculateLastIP(prefix).Next().AsSlice()
+		}
+
+		// the nft tool also adds a zero-address IntervalEnd element, see https://github.com/google/nftables/issues/247
+		// nftables.SetElement{Key: make([]byte, r.af.addrLen), IntervalEnd: true},
+		elements = append(elements,
+			nftables.SetElement{Key: firstIP.AsSlice()},
+			nftables.SetElement{Key: lastKey, IntervalEnd: true},
+		)
+	}
+	return elements
+}
+
+// calculateLastIP determines the last IP in a given prefix.
+func calculateLastIP(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
+	masked := prefix.Masked()
+	if masked.Addr().Is4() {
+		hostMask := ^uint32(0) >> masked.Bits()
+		lastIP := uint32FromNetipAddr(masked.Addr()) | hostMask
+		return netip.AddrFrom4(uint32ToBytes(lastIP))
+	}
+
+	// IPv6: set host bits to all 1s
+	b := masked.Addr().As16()
+	bits := masked.Bits()
+	for i := bits; i < 128; i++ {
+		b[i/8] |= 1 << (7 - i%8)
+	}
+	return netip.AddrFrom16(b)
+}
+
+// Utility function to convert netip.Addr to uint32.
+func uint32FromNetipAddr(addr netip.Addr) uint32 {
+	b := addr.As4()
+	return binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
+}
+
+// Utility function to convert uint32 to a netip-compatible byte slice.
+func uint32ToBytes(ip uint32) [4]byte {
+	var b [4]byte
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[:], ip)
+	return b
+}
+
+func (r *family) deleteIpSet(setName string, nfset *nftables.Set) error {
+	r.conn.DelSet(nfset)
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("Deleted unused ipset %s", setName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
+	nfset, err := r.conn.GetSetByName(r.workTable, set.HashedName())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get set %s: %w", set.HashedName(), err)
+	}
+
+	// Overlapping prefixes (e.g. duplicate resolved addresses) make the
+	// interval set reject the batch, so merge them as createIpSet does.
+	prefixes = firewall.MergeIPRanges(prefixes)
+	elements := r.convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
+
+	// Add in batches sized like createIpSet so a large update does not
+	// exceed the netlink message size limit.
+	maxElements := maxPrefixesSet * 2
+	for start := 0; start < len(elements); start += maxElements {
+		end := min(start+maxElements, len(elements))
+		if err := r.conn.SetAddElements(nfset, elements[start:end]); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add elements to set %s: %w", set.HashedName(), err)
+		}
+		if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("updated set %s with %d prefixes", set.HashedName(), len(prefixes))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *family) getIpSetExprs(ref refcounter.Ref[*nftables.Set], isSource bool) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	// dst offset by default
+	offset := r.af.dstAddrOffset
+	if isSource {
+		// src offset
+		offset = r.af.srcAddrOffset
+	}
+
+	return []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
+			Offset:       offset,
+			Len:          r.af.addrLen,
+		},
+		&expr.Lookup{
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			SetName:        ref.Out.Name,
+			SetID:          ref.Out.ID,
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/ipset_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/nftables/ipset_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ab2f6c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/ipset_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestConvertPrefixesToSetWildcard verifies that a /0 prefix produces a
+// usable interval. The last address of a /0 is the broadcast, whose Next()
+// overflows to an invalid Addr with an empty key; the IntervalEnd must wrap
+// to the zero address instead so nftables sees a full-range interval.
+func TestConvertPrefixesToSetWildcard(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		af     addrFamily
+		prefix string
+	}{
+		{"IPv4 /0", afIPv4, "0.0.0.0/0"},
+		{"IPv6 /0", afIPv6, "::/0"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			r := &family{af: tt.af}
+			elements := r.convertPrefixesToSet([]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix(tt.prefix)})
+
+			require.Len(t, elements, 2, "expected start and interval-end element")
+			assert.False(t, elements[0].IntervalEnd, "first element is the interval start")
+			assert.True(t, elements[1].IntervalEnd, "second element is the interval end")
+			assert.Len(t, elements[1].Key, int(tt.af.addrLen), "interval-end key must be a zero address, not empty")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/ipsetstore_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/ipsetstore_linux.go
deleted file mode 100644
index a6c2e9496..000000000
--- a/client/firewall/nftables/ipsetstore_linux.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-package nftables
-
-import (
-	"net"
-)
-
-type ipsetStore struct {
-	ipsetReference map[string]int
-	ipsets         map[string]map[string]struct{} // ipsetName -> list of ips
-}
-
-func newIpsetStore() *ipsetStore {
-	return &ipsetStore{
-		ipsetReference: make(map[string]int),
-		ipsets:         make(map[string]map[string]struct{}),
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) ips(ipsetName string) (map[string]struct{}, bool) {
-	r, ok := s.ipsets[ipsetName]
-	return r, ok
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) newIpset(ipsetName string) map[string]struct{} {
-	s.ipsetReference[ipsetName] = 0
-	ipList := make(map[string]struct{})
-	s.ipsets[ipsetName] = ipList
-	return ipList
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) deleteIpset(ipsetName string) {
-	delete(s.ipsetReference, ipsetName)
-	delete(s.ipsets, ipsetName)
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) DeleteIpFromSet(ipsetName string, ip net.IP) {
-	ipList, ok := s.ipsets[ipsetName]
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	delete(ipList, ip.String())
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) AddIpToSet(ipsetName string, ip net.IP) {
-	ipList, ok := s.ipsets[ipsetName]
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	ipList[ip.String()] = struct{}{}
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) IsIpInSet(ipsetName string, ip net.IP) bool {
-	ipList, ok := s.ipsets[ipsetName]
-	if !ok {
-		return false
-	}
-	_, ok = ipList[ip.String()]
-	return ok
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) AddReferenceToIpset(ipsetName string) {
-	s.ipsetReference[ipsetName]++
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) DeleteReferenceFromIpSet(ipsetName string) {
-	r, ok := s.ipsetReference[ipsetName]
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	if r == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-	s.ipsetReference[ipsetName]--
-}
-
-func (s *ipsetStore) HasReferenceToSet(ipsetName string) bool {
-	if _, ok := s.ipsetReference[ipsetName]; !ok {
-		return false
-	}
-	if s.ipsetReference[ipsetName] == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return true
-}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/legacy_rule_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/nftables/legacy_rule_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc2f1c7a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/legacy_rule_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestBuildLegacyRouteRuleExpressions(t *testing.T) {
+	sourcePayload := &expr.Payload{}
+	sourceCmp := &expr.Cmp{}
+	destinationPayload := &expr.Payload{}
+	destinationCmp := &expr.Cmp{}
+	nilSourceDestination := &expr.Payload{}
+	nilDestinationSource := &expr.Cmp{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		source      []expr.Any
+		destination []expr.Any
+		matches     []expr.Any
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "both non-empty",
+			source:      []expr.Any{sourcePayload, sourceCmp},
+			destination: []expr.Any{destinationPayload, destinationCmp},
+			matches:     []expr.Any{sourcePayload, sourceCmp, destinationPayload, destinationCmp},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "nil source",
+			destination: []expr.Any{nilSourceDestination},
+			matches:     []expr.Any{nilSourceDestination},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "nil destination",
+			source:  []expr.Any{nilDestinationSource},
+			matches: []expr.Any{nilDestinationSource},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "both nil",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := buildLegacyRouteRuleExpressions(tt.source, tt.destination)
+
+			require.Len(t, got, len(tt.matches)+2)
+			for i, match := range tt.matches {
+				require.Same(t, match, got[i])
+			}
+
+			require.IsType(t, &expr.Counter{}, got[len(tt.matches)])
+			verdict, ok := got[len(tt.matches)+1].(*expr.Verdict)
+			require.True(t, ok)
+			require.Equal(t, expr.VerdictAccept, verdict.Kind)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux.go
index 8cd5cc6b3..dbd5e4fa2 100644
--- a/client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux.go
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package nftables
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
@@ -11,10 +10,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/nftables"
 	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
 	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/firewalld"
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
@@ -43,16 +43,22 @@ type iFaceMapper interface {
 	Address() wgaddr.Address
 }
 
-// Manager of iptables firewall
+// Manager of nftables firewall. Per-family state (peer ACLs, route
+// ACLs, NAT, DNAT, MSS clamping) lives on family; Manager dispatches
+// by family and provides the public firewall.Manager surface.
 type Manager struct {
 	mutex   sync.Mutex
 	rConn   *nftables.Conn
 	wgIface iFaceMapper
 
-	router                 *router
-	aclManager             *AclManager
+	family4 *family
+	// IPv6 counterpart, nil when no v6 overlay.
+	family6 *family
+
 	notrackOutputChain     *nftables.Chain
 	notrackPreroutingChain *nftables.Chain
+
+	extMonitor *externalChainMonitor
 }
 
 // Create nftables firewall manager
@@ -62,124 +68,233 @@ func Create(wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
 		wgIface: wgIface,
 	}
 
-	workTable := &nftables.Table{Name: getTableName(), Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4}
+	tableName := getTableName()
+	workTable := &nftables.Table{Name: tableName, Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4}
 
-	var err error
-	m.router, err = newRouter(workTable, wgIface, mtu)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create router: %w", err)
+	m.family4 = newFamily(workTable, wgIface, mtu)
+
+	if wgIface.Address().HasIPv6() {
+		m.createIPv6Components(tableName, wgIface, mtu)
 	}
 
-	m.aclManager, err = newAclManager(workTable, wgIface, chainNameRoutingFw)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create acl manager: %w", err)
-	}
+	m.extMonitor = newExternalChainMonitor(m)
 
 	return m, nil
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) createIPv6Components(tableName string, wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) {
+	workTable6 := &nftables.Table{Name: tableName, Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv6}
+
+	m.family6 = newFamily(workTable6, wgIface, mtu)
+
+	// Share the per-family forwarding refcounter with the v4 family so a v4
+	// rule and a v6 rule against the same state machine cooperate cleanly.
+	m.family6.ipFwdState = m.family4.ipFwdState
+}
+
+// hasIPv6 reports whether the manager has IPv6 components initialized.
+func (m *Manager) hasIPv6() bool {
+	return m.family6 != nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) initIPv6() error {
+	workTable6, err := m.createWorkTableFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv6)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create v6 work table: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.family6.init(workTable6); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("v6 family init: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Init nftables firewall manager
 func (m *Manager) Init(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
+	if err := m.initFirewall(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	m.persistState(stateManager)
+
+	// Start after initFirewall has installed the baseline external-chain
+	// accept rules. start() is idempotent across Init/Close/Init cycles.
+	m.extMonitor.start()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// reconcileExternalChains re-applies passthrough accept rules to external
+// filter chains for both IPv4 and IPv6 routers. Called by the monitor when
+// tables or chains appear (e.g. after firewalld reloads). Kernel routing opens
+// both INPUT and FORWARD.
+func (m *Manager) reconcileExternalChains() error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	if m.family4 != nil {
+		if err := m.family4.acceptExternalChainsRules(true); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("v4: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	if m.hasIPv6() {
+		if err := m.family6.acceptExternalChainsRules(true); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("v6: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) initFirewall() (err error) {
 	workTable, err := m.createWorkTable()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create work table: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := m.router.init(workTable); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("router init: %w", err)
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			m.rollbackInit()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := m.family4.init(workTable); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("family init: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := m.aclManager.init(workTable); err != nil {
-		// TODO: cleanup router
-		return fmt.Errorf("acl manager init: %w", err)
+	if m.hasIPv6() {
+		if err := m.initIPv6(); err != nil {
+			// Peer has a v6 address: v6 firewall MUST work or we risk fail-open.
+			return fmt.Errorf("init IPv6 firewall (required because peer has IPv6 address): %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if err := m.initNoTrackChains(workTable); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("raw priority chains not available, notrack rules will be disabled: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	return nil
+}
+
+// persistState saves the current interface state for potential recreation on restart.
+// Unlike iptables, which requires tracking individual rules, nftables maintains
+// a known state (our netbird table plus a few static rules). This allows for easy
+// cleanup using Close() without needing to store specific rules.
+func (m *Manager) persistState(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
 	stateManager.RegisterState(&ShutdownState{})
 
-	// We only need to record minimal interface state for potential recreation.
-	// Unlike iptables, which requires tracking individual rules, nftables maintains
-	// a known state (our netbird table plus a few static rules). This allows for easy
-	// cleanup using Close() without needing to store specific rules.
 	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{
 		InterfaceState: &InterfaceState{
 			NameStr:   m.wgIface.Name(),
 			WGAddress: m.wgIface.Address(),
-			MTU:       m.router.mtu,
+			MTU:       m.family4.mtu,
 		},
 	}); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update state: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// persist early
 	go func() {
 		if err := stateManager.PersistState(context.Background()); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to persist state: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
-
-	return nil
 }
 
-// AddPeerFiltering rule to the firewall
-//
-// If comment argument is empty firewall manager should set
-// rule ID as comment for the rule
-func (m *Manager) AddPeerFiltering(
-	id []byte,
-	ip net.IP,
-	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-	ipsetName string,
-) ([]firewall.Rule, error) {
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	rawIP := ip.To4()
-	if rawIP == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", ip.String())
+// rollbackInit performs best-effort cleanup of already-initialized state when Init fails partway through.
+func (m *Manager) rollbackInit() {
+	if err := m.family4.Reset(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("rollback family: %v", err)
+	}
+	if m.hasIPv6() {
+		if err := m.family6.Reset(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("rollback v6 family: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := m.cleanupNetbirdTables(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("cleanup tables: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("flush: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	return m.aclManager.AddPeerFiltering(id, ip, proto, sPort, dPort, action, ipsetName)
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
+// AddFilterRule installs a packet-filtering rule.
+//
+// Destination semantics: zero Network → input chain (peer ACL);
+// set Network → forward chain (route ACL).
+//
+// Sources are a single address family; the rule is dispatched to the
+// matching per-family backend.
+func (m *Manager) AddFilterRule(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
 	destination firewall.Network,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
+	sPort *firewall.Port,
+	dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	if destination.IsPrefix() && !destination.Prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported IP version: %s", destination.Prefix.Addr().String())
+	if len(sources) == 0 {
+		return nil, firewall.ErrNoSources
 	}
 
-	return m.router.AddRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
-}
-
-// DeletePeerRule from the firewall by rule definition
-func (m *Manager) DeletePeerRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.aclManager.DeletePeerRule(rule)
+	fam := m.family4
+	if isIPv6Rule(sources, destination) {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("add filtering: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		fam = m.family6
+	}
+	return fam.AddFilterRule(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
 }
 
-// DeleteRouteRule deletes a routing rule
-func (m *Manager) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
+// DeleteFilterRule removes a filtering rule. The owning family is found
+// by id in the in-memory filter maps, which are the only tracking for
+// filter rules. family.DeleteFilterRule is idempotent when the id is
+// absent.
+func (m *Manager) DeleteFilterRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.DeleteRouteRule(rule)
+	fam, err := m.familyForRuleID(rule.ID(), (*family).hasRule, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return fam.DeleteFilterRule(rule)
+}
+
+// familyForRuleID picks the family holding the rule with the given id, using
+// the supplied lookup. With refresh set, a miss in both cached maps reloads
+// the NAT/DNAT rule maps from the kernel once and re-checks before falling
+// back to the v4 family. Filter rules are tracked only in memory and have no
+// kernel-backed reload, so their callers pass refresh as false.
+func (m *Manager) familyForRuleID(id firewall.RuleID, has func(*family, firewall.RuleID) bool, refresh bool) (*family, error) {
+	if has(m.family4, id) {
+		return m.family4, nil
+	}
+	if !m.hasIPv6() {
+		return m.family4, nil
+	}
+	if has(m.family6, id) {
+		return m.family6, nil
+	}
+	if !refresh {
+		return m.family4, nil
+	}
+	if err := m.family4.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refresh v4 rules: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := m.family6.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refresh v6 rules: %w", err)
+	}
+	if has(m.family6, id) && !has(m.family4, id) {
+		return m.family6, nil
+	}
+	return m.family4, nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) IsServerRouteSupported() bool {
@@ -194,64 +309,103 @@ func (m *Manager) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.AddNatRule(pair)
+	if pair.Destination.IsPrefix() && pair.Destination.Prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add NAT rule: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.AddNatRule(pair)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.family4.AddNatRule(pair); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Dynamic routes need NAT in both tables since resolved IPs can be
+	// either v4 or v6. This covers both DomainSet (modern) and the legacy
+	// wildcard 0.0.0.0/0 destination where the client resolves DNS.
+	// On v6 failure we keep the v4 NAT rule rather than rolling back: half
+	// connectivity is better than none, and RemoveNatRule is content-keyed
+	// so the eventual cleanup still works.
+	if m.hasIPv6() && pair.Dynamic {
+		v6Pair := firewall.ToV6NatPair(pair)
+		if err := m.family6.AddNatRule(v6Pair); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add v6 NAT rule: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.RemoveNatRule(pair)
-}
-
-// AllowNetbird allows netbird interface traffic.
-// This is called when USPFilter wraps the native firewall, adding blanket accept
-// rules so that packet filtering is handled in userspace instead of by netfilter.
-func (m *Manager) AllowNetbird() error {
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	if err := m.aclManager.createDefaultAllowRules(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create default allow rules: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("flush allow input netbird rules: %w", err)
+	if pair.Destination.IsPrefix() && pair.Destination.Prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return m.family6.RemoveNatRule(pair)
 	}
 
-	if err := firewalld.TrustInterface(m.wgIface.Name()); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to trust interface in firewalld: %v", err)
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := m.family4.RemoveNatRule(pair); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove v4 NAT rule: %w", err))
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	if m.hasIPv6() && pair.Dynamic {
+		v6Pair := firewall.ToV6NatPair(pair)
+		if err := m.family6.RemoveNatRule(v6Pair); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove v6 NAT rule: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
 // SetLegacyManagement sets the route manager to use legacy management
 func (m *Manager) SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy bool) error {
-	return firewall.SetLegacyManagement(m.router, isLegacy)
+	if err := firewall.SetLegacyManagement(m.family4, isLegacy); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if m.hasIPv6() {
+		return firewall.SetLegacyManagement(m.family6, isLegacy)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Close closes the firewall manager
 func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
+	m.extMonitor.stop()
+
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if err := m.router.Reset(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("reset router: %v", err)
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if err := m.family4.Reset(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("reset family: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	if m.hasIPv6() {
+		if err := m.family6.Reset(); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("reset v6 family: %w", err))
+		}
 	}
 
 	if err := m.cleanupNetbirdTables(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cleanup netbird tables: %v", err)
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("cleanup netbird tables: %v", err))
 	}
 
 	if err := m.rConn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err))
 	}
 
 	if err := stateManager.DeleteState(&ShutdownState{}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete state: %v", err)
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete state: %v", err))
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) cleanupNetbirdTables() error {
@@ -275,17 +429,12 @@ func (m *Manager) SetLogLevel(log.Level) {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) EnableRouting() error {
-	if err := m.router.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("enable IP forwarding: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
+	// v6 only when the overlay actually has v6.
+	return m.family4.ipFwdState.RequestRouting(m.hasIPv6())
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
-	if err := m.router.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("disable IP forwarding: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
+	return m.family4.ipFwdState.ReleaseRouting()
 }
 
 // Flush rule/chain/set operations from the buffer
@@ -296,10 +445,16 @@ func (m *Manager) Flush() error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if err := m.aclManager.Flush(); err != nil {
+	if err := m.family4.Flush(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if m.hasIPv6() {
+		if err := m.family6.Flush(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("flush v6 family: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if err := m.refreshNoTrackChains(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to refresh notrack chains: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -312,7 +467,13 @@ func (m *Manager) AddDNATRule(rule firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error)
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.AddDNATRule(rule)
+	if rule.TranslatedAddress.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("add DNAT rule: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.AddDNATRule(rule)
+	}
+	return m.family4.AddDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
 // DeleteDNATRule deletes a DNAT rule
@@ -320,7 +481,11 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
+	r, err := m.familyForRuleID(rule.ID(), (*family).hasDNATRule, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return r.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
 }
 
 // UpdateSet updates the set with the given prefixes
@@ -328,39 +493,82 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
+	var v4Prefixes, v6Prefixes []netip.Prefix
+	for _, p := range prefixes {
+		if p.Addr().Is6() {
+			v6Prefixes = append(v6Prefixes, p)
+		} else {
+			v4Prefixes = append(v4Prefixes, p)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := m.family4.UpdateSet(set, v4Prefixes); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if m.hasIPv6() && len(v6Prefixes) > 0 {
+		if err := m.family6.UpdateSet(set, v6Prefixes); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("update v6 set: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
-func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add inbound DNAT: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
+	}
+	return m.family4.AddInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
 // RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
-func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove inbound DNAT: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
+	}
+	return m.family4.RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
 // AddOutputDNAT adds an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule for locally-generated traffic.
-func (m *Manager) AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.AddOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("add output DNAT: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.AddOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
+	}
+	return m.family4.AddOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
 // RemoveOutputDNAT removes an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule.
-func (m *Manager) RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.router.RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	if localAddr.Is6() {
+		if !m.hasIPv6() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("remove output DNAT: %w", firewall.ErrIPv6NotInitialized)
+		}
+		return m.family6.RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
+	}
+	return m.family4.RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
 const (
@@ -534,7 +742,11 @@ func (m *Manager) refreshNoTrackChains() error {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) createWorkTable() (*nftables.Table, error) {
-	tables, err := m.rConn.ListTablesOfFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
+	return m.createWorkTableFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) createWorkTableFamily(family nftables.TableFamily) (*nftables.Table, error) {
+	tables, err := m.rConn.ListTablesOfFamily(family)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list of tables: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -546,7 +758,7 @@ func (m *Manager) createWorkTable() (*nftables.Table, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	table := m.rConn.AddTable(&nftables.Table{Name: getTableName(), Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4})
+	table := m.rConn.AddTable(&nftables.Table{Name: tableName, Family: family})
 	err = m.rConn.Flush()
 	return table, err
 }
@@ -585,3 +797,14 @@ func getEstablishedExprs(register uint32) []expr.Any {
 		},
 	}
 }
+
+// isIPv6Rule reports whether the rule belongs to the v6 table. For a
+// prefix destination the destination family decides; otherwise the
+// (single-family) sources do, since management duplicates rules per
+// family.
+func isIPv6Rule(sources []netip.Prefix, destination firewall.Network) bool {
+	if destination.IsPrefix() {
+		return destination.Prefix.Addr().Is6()
+	}
+	return len(sources) > 0 && sources[0].Addr().Is6()
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux_test.go
index d48e4ba88..0ca56409e 100644
--- a/client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/manager_linux_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package nftables
 
 import (
@@ -70,13 +72,13 @@ func TestNftablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 
 	testClient := &nftables.Conn{}
 
-	rule, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}}, fw.ActionDrop, "")
+	rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}}, fw.ActionDrop)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 
 	err = manager.Flush()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to flush")
 
-	rules, err := testClient.GetRules(manager.aclManager.workTable, manager.aclManager.chainInputRules)
+	rules, err := testClient.GetRules(manager.family4.workTable, manager.family4.chainInputRules)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to get rules")
 
 	require.Len(t, rules, 2, "expected 2 rules")
@@ -147,15 +149,12 @@ func TestNftablesManager(t *testing.T) {
 	// Compare connection tracking rule at position 1 (pushed down by DROP rule insertion)
 	compareExprsIgnoringCounters(t, rules[1].Exprs, expectedExprs1)
 
-	for _, r := range rule {
-		err = manager.DeletePeerRule(r)
-		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to delete rule")
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule), "failed to delete rule")
 
 	err = manager.Flush()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to flush")
 
-	rules, err = testClient.GetRules(manager.aclManager.workTable, manager.aclManager.chainInputRules)
+	rules, err = testClient.GetRules(manager.family4.workTable, manager.family4.chainInputRules)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to get rules")
 	// established rule remains
 	require.Len(t, rules, 1, "expected 1 rules after deletion")
@@ -180,47 +179,39 @@ func TestNftablesManagerRuleOrder(t *testing.T) {
 	testClient := &nftables.Conn{}
 
 	// Add accept rule first
-	_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept, "accept-http")
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add accept rule")
 
 	// Add deny rule second for the same traffic
-	_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop, "deny-http")
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add deny rule")
 
 	err = manager.Flush()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to flush")
 
-	rules, err := testClient.GetRules(manager.aclManager.workTable, manager.aclManager.chainInputRules)
+	rules, err := testClient.GetRules(manager.family4.workTable, manager.family4.chainInputRules)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to get rules")
 
 	t.Logf("Found %d rules in nftables chain", len(rules))
 
-	// Find the accept and deny rules and verify deny comes before accept
+	// Single-source rules emit a direct payload+cmp on the source IP
+	// (no set lookup). Match by source-IP + port + verdict instead of
+	// the legacy per-(action,port) set names ("deny-http"/"accept-http")
+	// that this test predates.
+	wantSrc := ip.AsSlice()
 	var acceptRuleIndex, denyRuleIndex = -1, -1
 	for i, rule := range rules {
-		hasAcceptHTTPSet := false
-		hasDenyHTTPSet := false
-		hasPort80 := false
+		var hasSrc, hasPort80 bool
 		var action string
-
 		for _, e := range rule.Exprs {
-			// Check for set lookup
-			if lookup, ok := e.(*expr.Lookup); ok {
-				switch lookup.SetName {
-				case "accept-http":
-					hasAcceptHTTPSet = true
-				case "deny-http":
-					hasDenyHTTPSet = true
+			if cmp, ok := e.(*expr.Cmp); ok && cmp.Op == expr.CmpOpEq {
+				if bytes.Equal(cmp.Data, wantSrc) {
+					hasSrc = true
 				}
-
-			}
-			// Check for port 80
-			if cmp, ok := e.(*expr.Cmp); ok {
-				if cmp.Op == expr.CmpOpEq && len(cmp.Data) == 2 && binary.BigEndian.Uint16(cmp.Data) == 80 {
+				if len(cmp.Data) == 2 && binary.BigEndian.Uint16(cmp.Data) == 80 {
 					hasPort80 = true
 				}
 			}
-			// Check for verdict
 			if verdict, ok := e.(*expr.Verdict); ok {
 				switch verdict.Kind {
 				case expr.VerdictAccept:
@@ -231,11 +222,15 @@ func TestNftablesManagerRuleOrder(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if hasAcceptHTTPSet && hasPort80 && action == "ACCEPT" {
-			t.Logf("Rule [%d]: accept-http set + Port 80 + ACCEPT", i)
+		if !hasSrc || !hasPort80 {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch action {
+		case "ACCEPT":
+			t.Logf("Rule [%d]: src=%s port=80 ACCEPT", i, ip)
 			acceptRuleIndex = i
-		} else if hasDenyHTTPSet && hasPort80 && action == "DROP" {
-			t.Logf("Rule [%d]: deny-http set + Port 80 + DROP", i)
+		case "DROP":
+			t.Logf("Rule [%d]: src=%s port=80 DROP", i, ip)
 			denyRuleIndex = i
 		}
 	}
@@ -279,7 +274,7 @@ func TestNFtablesCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 			start := time.Now()
 			for i := 0; i < testMax; i++ {
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{uint16(1000 + i)}}
-				_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 
 				if i%100 == 0 {
@@ -361,10 +356,10 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptables(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.1")
-	_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add peer filtering rule")
 
-	_, err = manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(
 		nil,
 		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.2.0/24")},
 		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24")},
@@ -383,10 +378,138 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptables(t *testing.T) {
 	err = manager.AddNatRule(pair)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add NAT rule")
 
+	dnatRule, err := manager.AddDNATRule(fw.ForwardRule{
+		Protocol:          fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		DestinationPort:   fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}},
+		TranslatedAddress: netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.2"),
+		TranslatedPort:    fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add DNAT rule")
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteDNATRule(dnatRule), "failed to delete DNAT rule")
+	})
+
 	stdout, stderr = runIptablesSave(t)
 	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
 }
 
+func TestNftablesManagerIPv6CompatibilityWithIp6tables(t *testing.T) {
+	if check() != NFTABLES {
+		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
+	}
+
+	for _, bin := range []string{"ip6tables", "ip6tables-save", "iptables-save"} {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(bin); err != nil {
+			t.Skipf("%s not available on this system: %v", bin, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Seed ip6 tables in the nft backend. Docker may not create them.
+	seedIp6tables(t)
+
+	ifaceMockV6 := &iFaceMock{
+		NameFunc: func() string { return "wt-test" },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.96.0.0/16"),
+				IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+				IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMockV6, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create manager")
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil), "close manager")
+
+		stdout, stderr := runIp6tablesSave(t)
+		verifyIp6tablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
+	})
+
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 peer filtering rule")
+
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1::/64")},
+		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/48")},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 route filtering rule")
+
+	err = manager.AddNatRule(fw.RouterPair{
+		Source:      fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64")},
+		Destination: fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/48")},
+		Masquerade:  true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 NAT rule")
+
+	dnatRule, err := manager.AddDNATRule(fw.ForwardRule{
+		Protocol:          fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		DestinationPort:   fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}},
+		TranslatedAddress: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
+		TranslatedPort:    fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 DNAT rule")
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteDNATRule(dnatRule), "delete v6 DNAT rule")
+	})
+
+	stdout, stderr := runIptablesSave(t)
+	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
+
+	stdout, stderr = runIp6tablesSave(t)
+	verifyIp6tablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
+}
+
+func seedIp6tables(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, tc := range []struct{ table, chain string }{
+		{"filter", "FORWARD"},
+		{"nat", "POSTROUTING"},
+		{"mangle", "FORWARD"},
+	} {
+		add := exec.Command("ip6tables", "-t", tc.table, "-A", tc.chain, "-j", "ACCEPT")
+		require.NoError(t, add.Run(), "seed ip6tables -t %s", tc.table)
+		del := exec.Command("ip6tables", "-t", tc.table, "-D", tc.chain, "-j", "ACCEPT")
+		require.NoError(t, del.Run(), "unseed ip6tables -t %s", tc.table)
+	}
+}
+
+func runIp6tablesSave(t *testing.T) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	cmd := exec.Command("ip6tables-save")
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+	require.NoError(t, cmd.Run(), "ip6tables-save failed")
+	return stdout.String(), stderr.String()
+}
+
+func verifyIp6tablesOutput(t *testing.T, stdout, stderr string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, msg := range []string{
+		"Table `nat' is incompatible",
+		"Table `mangle' is incompatible",
+		"Table `filter' is incompatible",
+	} {
+		require.NotContains(t, stdout, msg,
+			"ip6tables-save stdout reports incompatibility: %s", stdout)
+		require.NotContains(t, stderr, msg,
+			"ip6tables-save stderr reports incompatibility: %s", stderr)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptablesFor6kPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
 	if check() != NFTABLES {
 		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
@@ -422,7 +545,7 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptablesFor6kPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
 			prefixes = append(prefixes, netip.PrefixFrom(addr, 24))
 		}
 	}
-	_, err = manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(
 		nil,
 		prefixes,
 		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.2.0.0/24")},
@@ -437,7 +560,7 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptablesFor6kPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
 	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
 }
 
-func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptablesForEmptyPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
+func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptablesForWildcardSource(t *testing.T) {
 	if check() != NFTABLES {
 		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
 	}
@@ -463,9 +586,9 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptablesForEmptyPrefixes(t *testing.T)
 		verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
 	})
 
-	_, err = manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(
 		nil,
-		[]netip.Prefix{},
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.2.0.0/24")},
 		fw.ProtocolTCP,
 		nil,
@@ -478,6 +601,73 @@ func TestNftablesManagerCompatibilityWithIptablesForEmptyPrefixes(t *testing.T)
 	verifyIptablesOutput(t, stdout, stderr)
 }
 
+func TestNftablesManagerMultiPortFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	if check() != NFTABLES {
+		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil), "failed to reset manager state")
+	})
+
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("100.96.0.1")
+
+	rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 443}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add multi-port rule")
+
+	testClient := &nftables.Conn{}
+	rules, err := testClient.GetRules(manager.family4.workTable, manager.family4.chainInputRules)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to get rules")
+
+	var lookup *expr.Lookup
+	for _, kernelRule := range rules {
+		if string(kernelRule.UserData) != string(rule.ID()) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, e := range kernelRule.Exprs {
+			if l, ok := e.(*expr.Lookup); ok {
+				lookup = l
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, lookup, "multi-port rule must match ports via a set lookup")
+
+	sets, err := testClient.GetSets(manager.family4.workTable)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to get sets")
+
+	var portSet *nftables.Set
+	for _, s := range sets {
+		if s.Name == lookup.SetName {
+			portSet = s
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, portSet, "anonymous port set not found in kernel")
+
+	portSet.Table = manager.family4.workTable
+	elements, err := testClient.GetSetElements(portSet)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to get set elements")
+
+	ports := make(map[uint16]bool)
+	for _, e := range elements {
+		require.Len(t, e.Key, 2, "port set element key should be 2 bytes")
+		ports[binary.BigEndian.Uint16(e.Key)] = true
+	}
+	require.True(t, ports[80], "port set should contain port 80")
+	require.True(t, ports[443], "port set should contain port 443")
+
+	require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule), "failed to delete rule")
+
+	rules, err = testClient.GetRules(manager.family4.workTable, manager.family4.chainInputRules)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to get rules after delete")
+	for _, kernelRule := range rules {
+		require.NotEqual(t, string(rule.ID()), string(kernelRule.UserData), "rule should be removed from kernel")
+	}
+}
+
 func compareExprsIgnoringCounters(t *testing.T, got, want []expr.Any) {
 	t.Helper()
 	require.Equal(t, len(got), len(want), "expression count mismatch")
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/router_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/router_linux.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 8cc0d2792..000000000
--- a/client/firewall/nftables/router_linux.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2157 +0,0 @@
-package nftables
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/coreos/go-iptables/iptables"
-	"github.com/google/nftables"
-	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
-	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
-	"github.com/google/nftables/xt"
-	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-
-	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/firewalld"
-	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
-	nbid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
-)
-
-const (
-	tableNat      = "nat"
-	tableMangle   = "mangle"
-	tableRaw      = "raw"
-	tableSecurity = "security"
-
-	chainNameNatPrerouting = "PREROUTING"
-	chainNameRoutingFw     = "netbird-rt-fwd"
-	chainNameRoutingNat    = "netbird-rt-postrouting"
-	chainNameRoutingRdr    = "netbird-rt-redirect"
-	chainNameNATOutput     = "netbird-nat-output"
-	chainNameForward       = "FORWARD"
-	chainNameMangleForward = "netbird-mangle-forward"
-
-	firewalldTableName = "firewalld"
-
-	userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif = "frwacceptiif"
-	userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif = "frwacceptoif"
-	userDataAcceptInputRule      = "inputaccept"
-
-	dnatSuffix = "_dnat"
-	snatSuffix = "_snat"
-
-	// ipTCPHeaderMinSize represents minimum IP (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation
-	ipTCPHeaderMinSize = 40
-
-	// maxPrefixesSet 1638 prefixes start to fail, taking some margin
-	maxPrefixesSet       = 1500
-	refreshRulesMapError = "refresh rules map: %w"
-)
-
-var (
-	errFilterTableNotFound = fmt.Errorf("'filter' table not found")
-)
-
-type setInput struct {
-	set      firewall.Set
-	prefixes []netip.Prefix
-}
-
-type router struct {
-	conn        *nftables.Conn
-	workTable   *nftables.Table
-	filterTable *nftables.Table
-	chains      map[string]*nftables.Chain
-	// rules is useful to avoid duplicates and to get missing attributes that we don't have when adding new rules
-	rules        map[string]*nftables.Rule
-	ipsetCounter *refcounter.Counter[string, setInput, *nftables.Set]
-
-	wgIface          iFaceMapper
-	ipFwdState       *ipfwdstate.IPForwardingState
-	legacyManagement bool
-	mtu              uint16
-}
-
-func newRouter(workTable *nftables.Table, wgIface iFaceMapper, mtu uint16) (*router, error) {
-	r := &router{
-		conn:       &nftables.Conn{},
-		workTable:  workTable,
-		chains:     make(map[string]*nftables.Chain),
-		rules:      make(map[string]*nftables.Rule),
-		wgIface:    wgIface,
-		ipFwdState: ipfwdstate.NewIPForwardingState(),
-		mtu:        mtu,
-	}
-
-	r.ipsetCounter = refcounter.New(
-		r.createIpSet,
-		r.deleteIpSet,
-	)
-
-	var err error
-	r.filterTable, err = r.loadFilterTable()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("ip filter table not found: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return r, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) init(workTable *nftables.Table) error {
-	r.workTable = workTable
-
-	if err := r.removeAcceptFilterRules(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to clean up rules from filter table: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.createContainers(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create containers: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.setupDataPlaneMark(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to set up data plane mark: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Reset cleans existing nftables filter table rules from the system
-func (r *router) Reset() error {
-	// clear without deleting the ipsets, the nf table will be deleted by the caller
-	r.ipsetCounter.Clear()
-
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
-	if err := r.removeAcceptFilterRules(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove accept filter rules: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	if err := firewalld.UntrustInterface(r.wgIface.Name()); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.removeNatPreroutingRules(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove filter prerouting rules: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) removeNatPreroutingRules() error {
-	table := &nftables.Table{
-		Name:   tableNat,
-		Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4,
-	}
-	chain := &nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameNatPrerouting,
-		Table:    table,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityNATDest,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
-	}
-	rules, err := r.conn.GetRules(table, chain)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get rules from nat table: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
-	// Delete rules that have our UserData suffix
-	for _, rule := range rules {
-		if len(rule.UserData) == 0 || !strings.HasSuffix(string(rule.UserData), dnatSuffix) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete rule %s: %w", rule.UserData, err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err))
-	}
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) loadFilterTable() (*nftables.Table, error) {
-	tables, err := r.conn.ListTablesOfFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list tables: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, table := range tables {
-		if table.Name == "filter" {
-			return table, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil, errFilterTableNotFound
-}
-
-func hookName(hook *nftables.ChainHook) string {
-	if hook == nil {
-		return "unknown"
-	}
-	switch *hook {
-	case *nftables.ChainHookForward:
-		return chainNameForward
-	case *nftables.ChainHookInput:
-		return chainNameInput
-	default:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("hook(%d)", *hook)
-	}
-}
-
-func familyName(family nftables.TableFamily) string {
-	switch family {
-	case nftables.TableFamilyIPv4:
-		return "ip"
-	case nftables.TableFamilyIPv6:
-		return "ip6"
-	case nftables.TableFamilyINet:
-		return "inet"
-	default:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("family(%d)", family)
-	}
-}
-
-func (r *router) createContainers() error {
-	r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
-		Name:  chainNameRoutingFw,
-		Table: r.workTable,
-	})
-
-	prio := *nftables.ChainPriorityNATSource - 1
-	r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameRoutingNat,
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPostrouting,
-		Priority: &prio,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
-	})
-
-	r.chains[chainNameRoutingRdr] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameRoutingRdr,
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityNATDest,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
-	})
-
-	r.chains[chainNameManglePostrouting] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameManglePostrouting,
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPostrouting,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
-	})
-
-	r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameManglePrerouting,
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
-	})
-
-	r.chains[chainNameMangleForward] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameMangleForward,
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookForward,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityMangle,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
-	})
-
-	insertReturnTrafficRule(r.conn, r.workTable, r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw])
-
-	r.addPostroutingRules()
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("initialize tables: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.addMSSClampingRules(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to add MSS clamping rules: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.acceptForwardRules(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to add accept rules for the forward chain: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := firewalld.TrustInterface(r.wgIface.Name()); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to trust interface in firewalld: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to refresh rules: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// setupDataPlaneMark configures the fwmark for the data plane
-func (r *router) setupDataPlaneMark() error {
-	if r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting] == nil || r.chains[chainNameManglePostrouting] == nil {
-		return errors.New("no mangle chains found")
-	}
-
-	ctNew := getCtNewExprs()
-	preExprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-	}
-	preExprs = append(preExprs, ctNew...)
-	preExprs = append(preExprs,
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.DataPlaneMarkIn),
-		},
-		&expr.Ct{
-			Key:            expr.CtKeyMARK,
-			Register:       1,
-			SourceRegister: true,
-		},
-	)
-
-	preNftRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table: r.workTable,
-		Chain: r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting],
-		Exprs: preExprs,
-	}
-	r.conn.AddRule(preNftRule)
-
-	postExprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-	}
-	postExprs = append(postExprs, ctNew...)
-	postExprs = append(postExprs,
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.DataPlaneMarkOut),
-		},
-		&expr.Ct{
-			Key:            expr.CtKeyMARK,
-			Register:       1,
-			SourceRegister: true,
-		},
-	)
-
-	postNftRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table: r.workTable,
-		Chain: r.chains[chainNameManglePostrouting],
-		Exprs: postExprs,
-	}
-	r.conn.AddRule(postNftRule)
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("flush: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AddRouteFiltering appends a nftables rule to the routing chain
-func (r *router) AddRouteFiltering(
-	id []byte,
-	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination firewall.Network,
-	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort *firewall.Port,
-	dPort *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-
-	ruleKey := nbid.GenerateRouteRuleKey(sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
-	if _, ok := r.rules[string(ruleKey)]; ok {
-		return ruleKey, nil
-	}
-
-	chain := r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw]
-	var exprs []expr.Any
-
-	var source firewall.Network
-	switch {
-	case len(sources) == 1 && sources[0].Bits() == 0:
-		// If it's 0.0.0.0/0, we don't need to add any source matching
-	case len(sources) == 1:
-		// If there's only one source, we can use it directly
-		source.Prefix = sources[0]
-	default:
-		// If there are multiple sources, use a set
-		source.Set = firewall.NewPrefixSet(sources)
-	}
-
-	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(source, sources, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
-	}
-	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
-
-	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(destination, nil, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
-	}
-	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
-
-	// Handle protocol
-	if proto != firewall.ProtocolALL {
-		protoNum, err := protoToInt(proto)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
-		}
-		exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1})
-		exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
-		})
-
-		exprs = append(exprs, applyPort(sPort, true)...)
-		exprs = append(exprs, applyPort(dPort, false)...)
-	}
-
-	exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Counter{})
-
-	var verdict expr.VerdictKind
-	if action == firewall.ActionAccept {
-		verdict = expr.VerdictAccept
-	} else {
-		verdict = expr.VerdictDrop
-	}
-	exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Verdict{Kind: verdict})
-
-	rule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    chain,
-		Exprs:    exprs,
-		UserData: []byte(ruleKey),
-	}
-
-	// Insert DROP rules at the beginning, append ACCEPT rules at the end
-	if action == firewall.ActionDrop {
-		// TODO: Insert after the established rule
-		rule = r.conn.InsertRule(rule)
-	} else {
-		rule = r.conn.AddRule(rule)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
-	}
-
-	r.rules[string(ruleKey)] = rule
-
-	log.Debugf("added route rule: sources=%v, destination=%v, proto=%v, sPort=%v, dPort=%v, action=%v", sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
-
-	return ruleKey, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) getIpSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix, isSource bool) ([]expr.Any, error) {
-	ref, err := r.ipsetCounter.Increment(set.HashedName(), setInput{
-		set:      set,
-		prefixes: prefixes,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create or get ipset: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return getIpSetExprs(ref, isSource)
-}
-
-func (r *router) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
-	}
-
-	ruleKey := rule.ID()
-	nftRule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]
-	if !exists {
-		log.Debugf("route rule %s not found", ruleKey)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if nftRule.Handle == 0 {
-		log.Warnf("route rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleKey)
-		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(nftRule); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("decrement set counter for stale rule %s: %v", ruleKey, err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := r.deleteNftRule(nftRule, ruleKey); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.decrementSetCounter(nftRule); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) createIpSet(setName string, input setInput) (*nftables.Set, error) {
-	// overlapping prefixes will result in an error, so we need to merge them
-	prefixes := firewall.MergeIPRanges(input.prefixes)
-
-	nfset := &nftables.Set{
-		Name:    setName,
-		Comment: input.set.Comment(),
-		Table:   r.workTable,
-		// required for prefixes
-		Interval: true,
-		KeyType:  nftables.TypeIPAddr,
-	}
-
-	elements := convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
-	nElements := len(elements)
-
-	maxElements := maxPrefixesSet * 2
-	initialElements := elements[:min(maxElements, nElements)]
-
-	if err := r.conn.AddSet(nfset, initialElements); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding set %s: %w", setName, err)
-	}
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
-	}
-	log.Debugf("Created new ipset: %s with %d initial prefixes (total prefixes %d)", setName, len(initialElements)/2, len(prefixes))
-
-	var subEnd int
-	for subStart := maxElements; subStart < nElements; subStart += maxElements {
-		subEnd = min(subStart+maxElements, nElements)
-		subElement := elements[subStart:subEnd]
-		nSubPrefixes := len(subElement) / 2
-		log.Tracef("Adding new prefixes (%d) in ipset: %s", nSubPrefixes, setName)
-		if err := r.conn.SetAddElements(nfset, subElement); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding prefixes (%d) to set %s: %w", nSubPrefixes, setName, err)
-		}
-		if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush error: %w", err)
-		}
-		log.Debugf("Added new prefixes (%d) in ipset: %s", nSubPrefixes, setName)
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("Created new ipset: %s with %d prefixes", setName, len(prefixes))
-	return nfset, nil
-}
-
-func convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes []netip.Prefix) []nftables.SetElement {
-	var elements []nftables.SetElement
-	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
-		// TODO: Implement IPv6 support
-		if prefix.Addr().Is6() {
-			log.Tracef("skipping IPv6 prefix %s: IPv6 support not yet implemented", prefix)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// nftables needs half-open intervals [firstIP, lastIP) for prefixes
-		// e.g. 10.0.0.0/24 becomes [10.0.0.0, 10.0.1.0), 10.1.1.1/32 becomes [10.1.1.1, 10.1.1.2) etc
-		firstIP := prefix.Addr()
-		lastIP := calculateLastIP(prefix).Next()
-
-		elements = append(elements,
-			// the nft tool also adds a line like this, see https://github.com/google/nftables/issues/247
-			// nftables.SetElement{Key: []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, IntervalEnd: true},
-			nftables.SetElement{Key: firstIP.AsSlice()},
-			nftables.SetElement{Key: lastIP.AsSlice(), IntervalEnd: true},
-		)
-	}
-	return elements
-}
-
-// calculateLastIP determines the last IP in a given prefix.
-func calculateLastIP(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
-	hostMask := ^uint32(0) >> prefix.Masked().Bits()
-	lastIP := uint32FromNetipAddr(prefix.Addr()) | hostMask
-
-	return netip.AddrFrom4(uint32ToBytes(lastIP))
-}
-
-// Utility function to convert netip.Addr to uint32.
-func uint32FromNetipAddr(addr netip.Addr) uint32 {
-	b := addr.As4()
-	return binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
-}
-
-// Utility function to convert uint32 to a netip-compatible byte slice.
-func uint32ToBytes(ip uint32) [4]byte {
-	var b [4]byte
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[:], ip)
-	return b
-}
-
-func (r *router) deleteIpSet(setName string, nfset *nftables.Set) error {
-	r.conn.DelSet(nfset)
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Deleted unused ipset %s", setName)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) decrementSetCounter(rule *nftables.Rule) error {
-	sets := r.findSets(rule)
-
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	for _, setName := range sets {
-		if _, err := r.ipsetCounter.Decrement(setName); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) findSets(rule *nftables.Rule) []string {
-	var sets []string
-	for _, e := range rule.Exprs {
-		if lookup, ok := e.(*expr.Lookup); ok {
-			sets = append(sets, lookup.SetName)
-		}
-	}
-	return sets
-}
-
-func (r *router) deleteNftRule(rule *nftables.Rule, ruleKey string) error {
-	if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete rule %s: %w", ruleKey, err)
-	}
-	delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-
-	log.Debugf("removed route rule %s", ruleKey)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AddNatRule appends a nftables rule pair to the nat chain
-func (r *router) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
-	}
-
-	if r.legacyManagement {
-		log.Warnf("This peer is connected to a NetBird Management service with an older version. Allowing all traffic for %s", pair.Destination)
-		if err := r.addLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add legacy routing rule: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if pair.Masquerade {
-		if err := r.addNatRule(pair); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add nat rule: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if err := r.addNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add inverse nat rule: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		r.rollbackRules(pair)
-		return fmt.Errorf("insert rules for %s: %w", pair.Destination, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// rollbackRules cleans up unflushed rules and their set counters after a flush failure.
-func (r *router) rollbackRules(pair firewall.RouterPair) {
-	keys := []string{
-		firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, pair),
-		firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, pair),
-		firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, firewall.GetInversePair(pair)),
-	}
-	for _, key := range keys {
-		rule, ok := r.rules[key]
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("rollback set counter for %s: %v", key, err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, key)
-	}
-}
-
-// addNatRule inserts a nftables rule to the conn client flush queue
-func (r *router) addNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Source, nil, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Destination, nil, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	op := expr.CmpOpEq
-	if pair.Inverse {
-		op = expr.CmpOpNeq
-	}
-
-	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       op,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-	}
-	// We only care about NEW connections to mark them and later identify them in the postrouting chain for masquerading.
-	// Masquerading will take care of the conntrack state, which means we won't need to mark established connections.
-	exprs = append(exprs, getCtNewExprs()...)
-
-	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
-	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
-
-	var markValue uint32 = nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade
-	if pair.Inverse {
-		markValue = nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn
-	}
-
-	exprs = append(exprs,
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(markValue),
-		},
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:            expr.MetaKeyMARK,
-			SourceRegister: true,
-			Register:       1,
-		},
-	)
-
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, pair)
-
-	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Ensure nat rules come first, so the mark can be overwritten.
-	// Currently overwritten by the dst-type LOCAL rules for redirected traffic.
-	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting],
-		Exprs:    exprs,
-		UserData: []byte(ruleKey),
-	})
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// addPostroutingRules adds the masquerade rules
-func (r *router) addPostroutingRules() {
-	// First masquerade rule for traffic coming in from WireGuard interface
-	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		// Match on the first fwmark
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyMARK,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
-		},
-
-		// We need to exclude the loopback interface as this changes the ebpf proxy port
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname("lo"),
-		},
-		&expr.Counter{},
-		&expr.Masq{},
-	}
-
-	r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table: r.workTable,
-		Chain: r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
-		Exprs: exprs,
-	})
-
-	// Second masquerade rule for traffic going out through WireGuard interface
-	exprs2 := []expr.Any{
-		// Match on the second fwmark
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyMARK,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
-		},
-
-		// Match WireGuard interface
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-		&expr.Counter{},
-		&expr.Masq{},
-	}
-
-	r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table: r.workTable,
-		Chain: r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
-		Exprs: exprs2,
-	})
-}
-
-// addMSSClampingRules adds MSS clamping rules to prevent fragmentation for forwarded traffic.
-// TODO: Add IPv6 support
-func (r *router) addMSSClampingRules() error {
-	mss := r.mtu - ipTCPHeaderMinSize
-
-	exprsOut := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-		&expr.Meta{
-			Key:      expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     []byte{unix.IPPROTO_TCP},
-		},
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
-			Offset:       13,
-			Len:          1,
-		},
-		&expr.Bitwise{
-			DestRegister:   1,
-			SourceRegister: 1,
-			Len:            1,
-			Mask:           []byte{0x02},
-			Xor:            []byte{0x00},
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     []byte{0x00},
-		},
-		&expr.Counter{},
-		&expr.Exthdr{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Type:         2,
-			Offset:       2,
-			Len:          2,
-			Op:           expr.ExthdrOpTcpopt,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpGt,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(uint16(mss)),
-		},
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(uint16(mss)),
-		},
-		&expr.Exthdr{
-			SourceRegister: 1,
-			Type:           2,
-			Offset:         2,
-			Len:            2,
-			Op:             expr.ExthdrOpTcpopt,
-		},
-	}
-
-	r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table: r.workTable,
-		Chain: r.chains[chainNameMangleForward],
-		Exprs: exprsOut,
-	})
-
-	return r.conn.Flush()
-}
-
-// addLegacyRouteRule adds a legacy routing rule for mgmt servers pre route acls
-func (r *router) addLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Source, nil, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Destination, nil, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Counter{},
-		&expr.Verdict{
-			Kind: expr.VerdictAccept,
-		},
-	}
-
-	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
-	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
-
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, pair)
-
-	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]; exists {
-		if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy routing rule: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	r.rules[ruleKey] = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw],
-		Exprs:    exprs,
-		UserData: []byte(ruleKey),
-	})
-	return nil
-}
-
-// removeLegacyRouteRule removes a legacy routing rule for mgmt servers pre route acls
-func (r *router) removeLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat, pair)
-
-	rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]
-	if !exists {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if rule.Handle == 0 {
-		log.Warnf("legacy forwarding rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleKey)
-		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("decrement set counter for stale rule %s: %v", ruleKey, err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s: %w", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("removed legacy forwarding rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
-
-	delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-
-	if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetLegacyManagement returns the route manager's legacy management mode
-func (r *router) GetLegacyManagement() bool {
-	return r.legacyManagement
-}
-
-// SetLegacyManagement sets the route manager to use legacy management mode
-func (r *router) SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy bool) {
-	r.legacyManagement = isLegacy
-}
-
-// RemoveAllLegacyRouteRules removes all legacy routing rules for mgmt servers pre route acls
-func (r *router) RemoveAllLegacyRouteRules() error {
-	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
-	}
-
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	for k, rule := range r.rules {
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, firewall.ForwardingFormatPrefix) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule: %v", err))
-		} else {
-			delete(r.rules, k)
-		}
-
-	}
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-// acceptForwardRules adds iif/oif rules in the filter table/forward chain to make sure
-// that our traffic is not dropped by existing rules there.
-// The existing FORWARD rules/policies decide outbound traffic towards our interface.
-// In case the FORWARD policy is set to "drop", we add an established/related rule to allow return traffic for the inbound rule.
-// This method also adds INPUT chain rules to allow traffic to the local interface.
-func (r *router) acceptForwardRules() error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
-	if err := r.acceptFilterTableRules(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.acceptExternalChainsRules(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add accept rules to external chains: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) acceptFilterTableRules() error {
-	if r.filterTable == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	fw := "iptables"
-
-	defer func() {
-		log.Debugf("Used %s to add accept forward and input rules", fw)
-	}()
-
-	// Try iptables first and fallback to nftables if iptables is not available
-	ipt, err := iptables.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		// iptables is not available but the filter table exists
-		log.Warnf("Will use nftables to manipulate the filter table because iptables is not available: %v", err)
-
-		fw = "nftables"
-		return r.acceptFilterRulesNftables(r.filterTable)
-	}
-
-	return r.acceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt)
-}
-
-func (r *router) acceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables) error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
-	for _, rule := range r.getAcceptForwardRules() {
-		if err := ipt.Insert("filter", chainNameForward, 1, rule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add iptables forward rule: %v", err))
-		} else {
-			log.Debugf("added iptables forward rule: %v", rule)
-		}
-	}
-
-	inputRule := r.getAcceptInputRule()
-	if err := ipt.Insert("filter", chainNameInput, 1, inputRule...); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("add iptables input rule: %v", err))
-	} else {
-		log.Debugf("added iptables input rule: %v", inputRule)
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) getAcceptForwardRules() [][]string {
-	intf := r.wgIface.Name()
-	return [][]string{
-		{"-i", intf, "-j", "ACCEPT"},
-		{"-o", intf, "-m", "conntrack", "--ctstate", "RELATED,ESTABLISHED", "-j", "ACCEPT"},
-	}
-}
-
-func (r *router) getAcceptInputRule() []string {
-	return []string{"-i", r.wgIface.Name(), "-j", "ACCEPT"}
-}
-
-// acceptFilterRulesNftables adds accept rules to the ip filter table using nftables.
-// This is used when iptables is not available.
-func (r *router) acceptFilterRulesNftables(table *nftables.Table) error {
-	intf := ifname(r.wgIface.Name())
-
-	forwardChain := &nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameForward,
-		Table:    table,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookForward,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter,
-	}
-	r.insertForwardAcceptRules(forwardChain, intf)
-
-	inputChain := &nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameInput,
-		Table:    table,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeFilter,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookInput,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityFilter,
-	}
-	r.insertInputAcceptRule(inputChain, intf)
-
-	return r.conn.Flush()
-}
-
-// acceptExternalChainsRules adds accept rules to external chains (non-netbird, non-iptables tables).
-// It dynamically finds chains at call time to handle chains that may have been created after startup.
-func (r *router) acceptExternalChainsRules() error {
-	chains := r.findExternalChains()
-	if len(chains) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	intf := ifname(r.wgIface.Name())
-
-	for _, chain := range chains {
-		if chain.Hooknum == nil {
-			log.Debugf("skipping external chain %s/%s: hooknum is nil", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		log.Debugf("adding accept rules to external %s chain: %s %s/%s",
-			hookName(chain.Hooknum), familyName(chain.Table.Family), chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
-
-		switch *chain.Hooknum {
-		case *nftables.ChainHookForward:
-			r.insertForwardAcceptRules(chain, intf)
-		case *nftables.ChainHookInput:
-			r.insertInputAcceptRule(chain, intf)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("flush external chain rules: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) insertForwardAcceptRules(chain *nftables.Chain, intf []byte) {
-	iifRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table: chain.Table,
-		Chain: chain,
-		Exprs: []expr.Any{
-			&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
-			&expr.Cmp{
-				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-				Register: 1,
-				Data:     intf,
-			},
-			&expr.Counter{},
-			&expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictAccept},
-		},
-		UserData: []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif),
-	}
-	r.conn.InsertRule(iifRule)
-
-	oifExprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     intf,
-		},
-	}
-	oifRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    chain.Table,
-		Chain:    chain,
-		Exprs:    append(oifExprs, getEstablishedExprs(2)...),
-		UserData: []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif),
-	}
-	r.conn.InsertRule(oifRule)
-}
-
-func (r *router) insertInputAcceptRule(chain *nftables.Chain, intf []byte) {
-	inputRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table: chain.Table,
-		Chain: chain,
-		Exprs: []expr.Any{
-			&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
-			&expr.Cmp{
-				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-				Register: 1,
-				Data:     intf,
-			},
-			&expr.Counter{},
-			&expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictAccept},
-		},
-		UserData: []byte(userDataAcceptInputRule),
-	}
-	r.conn.InsertRule(inputRule)
-}
-
-func (r *router) removeAcceptFilterRules() error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
-	if err := r.removeFilterTableRules(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.removeExternalChainsRules(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove external chain rules: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) removeFilterTableRules() error {
-	if r.filterTable == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	ipt, err := iptables.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("iptables not available, using nftables to remove filter rules: %v", err)
-		return r.removeAcceptRulesFromTable(r.filterTable)
-	}
-
-	return r.removeAcceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt)
-}
-
-func (r *router) removeAcceptRulesFromTable(table *nftables.Table) error {
-	chains, err := r.conn.ListChainsOfTableFamily(table.Family)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("list chains: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, chain := range chains {
-		if chain.Table.Name != table.Name {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if chain.Name != chainNameForward && chain.Name != chainNameInput {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if err := r.removeAcceptRulesFromChain(table, chain); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return r.conn.Flush()
-}
-
-func (r *router) removeAcceptRulesFromChain(table *nftables.Table, chain *nftables.Chain) error {
-	rules, err := r.conn.GetRules(table, chain)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get rules from %s/%s: %v", table.Name, chain.Name, err)
-	}
-
-	for _, rule := range rules {
-		if bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleIif)) ||
-			bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptForwardRuleOif)) ||
-			bytes.Equal(rule.UserData, []byte(userDataAcceptInputRule)) {
-			if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("delete rule from %s/%s: %v", table.Name, chain.Name, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// removeExternalChainsRules removes our accept rules from all external chains.
-// This is deterministic - it scans for chains at removal time rather than relying on saved state,
-// ensuring cleanup works even after a crash or if chains changed.
-func (r *router) removeExternalChainsRules() error {
-	chains := r.findExternalChains()
-	if len(chains) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	for _, chain := range chains {
-		if err := r.removeAcceptRulesFromChain(chain.Table, chain); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("remove rules from external chain %s/%s: %v", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name, err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return r.conn.Flush()
-}
-
-// findExternalChains scans for chains from non-netbird tables that have FORWARD or INPUT hooks.
-// This is used both at startup (to know where to add rules) and at cleanup (to ensure deterministic removal).
-func (r *router) findExternalChains() []*nftables.Chain {
-	var chains []*nftables.Chain
-
-	families := []nftables.TableFamily{nftables.TableFamilyIPv4, nftables.TableFamilyINet}
-
-	for _, family := range families {
-		allChains, err := r.conn.ListChainsOfTableFamily(family)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("list chains for family %d: %v", family, err)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, chain := range allChains {
-			if r.isExternalChain(chain) {
-				chains = append(chains, chain)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return chains
-}
-
-func (r *router) isExternalChain(chain *nftables.Chain) bool {
-	if r.workTable != nil && chain.Table.Name == r.workTable.Name {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// Skip firewalld-owned chains. Firewalld creates its chains with the
-	// NFT_CHAIN_OWNER flag, so inserting rules into them returns EPERM.
-	// We delegate acceptance to firewalld by trusting the interface instead.
-	if chain.Table.Name == firewalldTableName {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	// Skip all iptables-managed tables in the ip family
-	if chain.Table.Family == nftables.TableFamilyIPv4 && isIptablesTable(chain.Table.Name) {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	if chain.Type != nftables.ChainTypeFilter {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	if chain.Hooknum == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return *chain.Hooknum == *nftables.ChainHookForward || *chain.Hooknum == *nftables.ChainHookInput
-}
-
-func isIptablesTable(name string) bool {
-	switch name {
-	case tableNameFilter, tableNat, tableMangle, tableRaw, tableSecurity:
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (r *router) removeAcceptFilterRulesIptables(ipt *iptables.IPTables) error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
-	for _, rule := range r.getAcceptForwardRules() {
-		if err := ipt.DeleteIfExists("filter", chainNameForward, rule...); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove iptables forward rule: %v", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	inputRule := r.getAcceptInputRule()
-	if err := ipt.DeleteIfExists("filter", chainNameInput, inputRule...); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove iptables input rule: %v", err))
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-// RemoveNatRule removes the prerouting mark rule
-func (r *router) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
-	}
-
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
-	if pair.Masquerade {
-		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule: %w", err))
-		}
-
-		if err := r.removeNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove inverse prerouting rule: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove legacy routing rule: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	// Set counters are decremented in the sub-methods above before flush. If flush fails,
-	// counters will be off until the next successful removal or refresh cycle.
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("flush remove nat rules %s: %w", pair.Destination, err))
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	ruleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, pair)
-
-	rule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey]
-	if !exists {
-		log.Debugf("prerouting rule %s not found", ruleKey)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if rule.Handle == 0 {
-		log.Warnf("prerouting rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleKey)
-		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("decrement set counter for stale rule %s: %v", ruleKey, err)
-		}
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule %s -> %s: %w", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("removed prerouting rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
-
-	delete(r.rules, ruleKey)
-
-	if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// refreshRulesMap rebuilds the rule map from the kernel. This removes stale entries
-// (e.g. from failed flushes) and updates handles for all existing rules.
-func (r *router) refreshRulesMap() error {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	newRules := make(map[string]*nftables.Rule)
-	for _, chain := range r.chains {
-		rules, err := r.conn.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
-		if err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("list rules for chain %s: %w", chain.Name, err))
-			// preserve existing entries for this chain since we can't verify their state
-			for k, v := range r.rules {
-				if v.Chain != nil && v.Chain.Name == chain.Name {
-					newRules[k] = v
-				}
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, rule := range rules {
-			if len(rule.UserData) > 0 {
-				newRules[string(rule.UserData)] = rule
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	r.rules = newRules
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) AddDNATRule(rule firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-	if err := r.ipFwdState.RequestForwarding(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ruleKey := rule.ID()
-	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleKey+dnatSuffix]; exists {
-		return rule, nil
-	}
-
-	protoNum, err := protoToInt(rule.Protocol)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.addDnatRedirect(rule, protoNum, ruleKey); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	r.addDnatMasq(rule, protoNum, ruleKey)
-
-	// Unlike iptables, there's no point in adding "out" rules in the forward chain here as our policy is ACCEPT.
-	// To overcome DROP policies in other chains, we'd have to add rules to the chains there.
-	// We also cannot just add "oif <iface> accept" there and filter in our own table as we don't know what is supposed to be allowed.
-	// TODO: find chains with drop policies and add rules there
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("flush rules: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return &rule, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) addDnatRedirect(rule firewall.ForwardRule, protoNum uint8, ruleKey string) error {
-	dnatExprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
-		},
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
-			Offset:       2,
-			Len:          2,
-		},
-	}
-	dnatExprs = append(dnatExprs, applyPort(&rule.DestinationPort, false)...)
-
-	// shifted translated port is not supported in nftables, so we hand this over to xtables
-	if rule.TranslatedPort.IsRange && len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 2 {
-		if rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0] != rule.DestinationPort.Values[0] ||
-			rule.TranslatedPort.Values[1] != rule.DestinationPort.Values[1] {
-			return r.addXTablesRedirect(dnatExprs, ruleKey, rule)
-		}
-	}
-
-	additionalExprs, regProtoMin, regProtoMax, err := r.handleTranslatedPort(rule)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	dnatExprs = append(dnatExprs, additionalExprs...)
-
-	dnatExprs = append(dnatExprs,
-		&expr.NAT{
-			Type:        expr.NATTypeDestNAT,
-			Family:      uint32(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4),
-			RegAddrMin:  1,
-			RegProtoMin: regProtoMin,
-			RegProtoMax: regProtoMax,
-		},
-	)
-
-	dnatRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingRdr],
-		Exprs:    dnatExprs,
-		UserData: []byte(ruleKey + dnatSuffix),
-	}
-	r.conn.AddRule(dnatRule)
-	r.rules[ruleKey+dnatSuffix] = dnatRule
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) handleTranslatedPort(rule firewall.ForwardRule) ([]expr.Any, uint32, uint32, error) {
-	switch {
-	case rule.TranslatedPort.IsRange && len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 2:
-		return r.handlePortRange(rule)
-	case len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 0:
-		return r.handleAddressOnly(rule)
-	case len(rule.TranslatedPort.Values) == 1:
-		return r.handleSinglePort(rule)
-	default:
-		return nil, 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid translated port: %v", rule.TranslatedPort)
-	}
-}
-
-func (r *router) handlePortRange(rule firewall.ForwardRule) ([]expr.Any, uint32, uint32, error) {
-	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
-		},
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 2,
-			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0]),
-		},
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 3,
-			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(rule.TranslatedPort.Values[1]),
-		},
-	}
-	return exprs, 2, 3, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) handleAddressOnly(rule firewall.ForwardRule) ([]expr.Any, uint32, uint32, error) {
-	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
-		},
-	}
-	return exprs, 0, 0, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) handleSinglePort(rule firewall.ForwardRule) ([]expr.Any, uint32, uint32, error) {
-	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
-		},
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 2,
-			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0]),
-		},
-	}
-	return exprs, 2, 0, nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) addXTablesRedirect(dnatExprs []expr.Any, ruleKey string, rule firewall.ForwardRule) error {
-	dnatExprs = append(dnatExprs,
-		&expr.Counter{},
-		&expr.Target{
-			Name: "DNAT",
-			Rev:  2,
-			Info: &xt.NatRange2{
-				NatRange: xt.NatRange{
-					Flags:   uint(xt.NatRangeMapIPs | xt.NatRangeProtoSpecified | xt.NatRangeProtoOffset),
-					MinIP:   rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
-					MaxIP:   rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
-					MinPort: rule.TranslatedPort.Values[0],
-					MaxPort: rule.TranslatedPort.Values[1],
-				},
-				BasePort: rule.DestinationPort.Values[0],
-			},
-		},
-	)
-
-	dnatRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table: &nftables.Table{
-			Name:   tableNat,
-			Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv4,
-		},
-		Chain: &nftables.Chain{
-			Name:     chainNameNatPrerouting,
-			Table:    r.filterTable,
-			Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
-			Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
-			Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityNATDest,
-		},
-		Exprs:    dnatExprs,
-		UserData: []byte(ruleKey + dnatSuffix),
-	}
-	r.conn.AddRule(dnatRule)
-	r.rules[ruleKey+dnatSuffix] = dnatRule
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (r *router) addDnatMasq(rule firewall.ForwardRule, protoNum uint8, ruleKey string) {
-	masqExprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
-		},
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
-			Offset:       16,
-			Len:          4,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     rule.TranslatedAddress.AsSlice(),
-		},
-	}
-
-	masqExprs = append(masqExprs, applyPort(&rule.TranslatedPort, false)...)
-	masqExprs = append(masqExprs, &expr.Masq{})
-
-	masqRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
-		Exprs:    masqExprs,
-		UserData: []byte(ruleKey + snatSuffix),
-	}
-	r.conn.AddRule(masqRule)
-	r.rules[ruleKey+snatSuffix] = masqRule
-}
-
-func (r *router) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	if err := r.ipFwdState.ReleaseForwarding(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("%v", err)
-	}
-
-	ruleKey := rule.ID()
-
-	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
-	}
-
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-	var needsFlush bool
-
-	if dnatRule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey+dnatSuffix]; exists {
-		if dnatRule.Handle == 0 {
-			log.Warnf("dnat rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleKey+dnatSuffix)
-			delete(r.rules, ruleKey+dnatSuffix)
-		} else if err := r.conn.DelRule(dnatRule); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete dnat rule: %w", err))
-		} else {
-			needsFlush = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if masqRule, exists := r.rules[ruleKey+snatSuffix]; exists {
-		if masqRule.Handle == 0 {
-			log.Warnf("snat rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleKey+snatSuffix)
-			delete(r.rules, ruleKey+snatSuffix)
-		} else if err := r.conn.DelRule(masqRule); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete snat rule: %w", err))
-		} else {
-			needsFlush = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if needsFlush {
-		if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err))
-		}
-	}
-
-	if merr == nil {
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey+dnatSuffix)
-		delete(r.rules, ruleKey+snatSuffix)
-	}
-
-	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
-}
-
-func (r *router) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
-	nfset, err := r.conn.GetSetByName(r.workTable, set.HashedName())
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get set %s: %w", set.HashedName(), err)
-	}
-
-	elements := convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
-	if err := r.conn.SetAddElements(nfset, elements); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add elements to set %s: %w", set.HashedName(), err)
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(flushError, err)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("updated set %s with prefixes %v", set.HashedName(), prefixes)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
-func (r *router) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
-
-	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	protoNum, err := protoToInt(protocol)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
-		},
-		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 2},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 2,
-			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
-		},
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 3,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
-			Offset:       2,
-			Len:          2,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 3,
-			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(sourcePort),
-		},
-	}
-
-	exprs = append(exprs, applyPrefix(netip.PrefixFrom(localAddr, 32), false)...)
-
-	exprs = append(exprs,
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     localAddr.AsSlice(),
-		},
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 2,
-			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(targetPort),
-		},
-		&expr.NAT{
-			Type:        expr.NATTypeDestNAT,
-			Family:      uint32(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4),
-			RegAddrMin:  1,
-			RegProtoMin: 2,
-			RegProtoMax: 0,
-		},
-	)
-
-	dnatRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingRdr],
-		Exprs:    exprs,
-		UserData: []byte(ruleID),
-	}
-	r.conn.AddRule(dnatRule)
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	r.rules[ruleID] = dnatRule
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
-func (r *router) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
-	}
-
-	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("inbound-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
-
-	rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]
-	if !exists {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if rule.Handle == 0 {
-		log.Warnf("inbound DNAT rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleID)
-		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete inbound DNAT rule %s: %w", ruleID, err)
-	}
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("flush delete inbound DNAT rule: %w", err)
-	}
-	delete(r.rules, ruleID)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// ensureNATOutputChain lazily creates the OUTPUT NAT chain on first use.
-func (r *router) ensureNATOutputChain() error {
-	if _, exists := r.chains[chainNameNATOutput]; exists {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	r.chains[chainNameNATOutput] = r.conn.AddChain(&nftables.Chain{
-		Name:     chainNameNATOutput,
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookOutput,
-		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityNATDest,
-		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
-	})
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		delete(r.chains, chainNameNATOutput)
-		return fmt.Errorf("create NAT output chain: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AddOutputDNAT adds an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule for locally-generated traffic.
-func (r *router) AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("output-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
-
-	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := r.ensureNATOutputChain(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	protoNum, err := protoToInt(protocol)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("convert protocol to number: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	exprs := []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Meta{Key: expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO, Register: 1},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     []byte{protoNum},
-		},
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 2,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
-			Offset:       2,
-			Len:          2,
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 2,
-			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(sourcePort),
-		},
-	}
-
-	exprs = append(exprs, applyPrefix(netip.PrefixFrom(localAddr, 32), false)...)
-
-	exprs = append(exprs,
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     localAddr.AsSlice(),
-		},
-		&expr.Immediate{
-			Register: 2,
-			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(targetPort),
-		},
-		&expr.NAT{
-			Type:        expr.NATTypeDestNAT,
-			Family:      uint32(nftables.TableFamilyIPv4),
-			RegAddrMin:  1,
-			RegProtoMin: 2,
-		},
-	)
-
-	dnatRule := &nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameNATOutput],
-		Exprs:    exprs,
-		UserData: []byte(ruleID),
-	}
-	r.conn.AddRule(dnatRule)
-
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add output DNAT rule: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	r.rules[ruleID] = dnatRule
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// RemoveOutputDNAT removes an OUTPUT chain DNAT rule.
-func (r *router) RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
-	}
-
-	ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("output-dnat-%s-%s-%d-%d", localAddr.String(), protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
-
-	rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]
-	if !exists {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if rule.Handle == 0 {
-		log.Warnf("output DNAT rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleID)
-		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete output DNAT rule %s: %w", ruleID, err)
-	}
-	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("flush delete output DNAT rule: %w", err)
-	}
-	delete(r.rules, ruleID)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// applyNetwork generates nftables expressions for networks (CIDR) or sets
-func (r *router) applyNetwork(
-	network firewall.Network,
-	setPrefixes []netip.Prefix,
-	isSource bool,
-) ([]expr.Any, error) {
-	if network.IsSet() {
-		exprs, err := r.getIpSet(network.Set, setPrefixes, isSource)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("source: %w", err)
-		}
-		return exprs, nil
-	}
-
-	if network.IsPrefix() {
-		return applyPrefix(network.Prefix, isSource), nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-// applyPrefix generates nftables expressions for a CIDR prefix
-func applyPrefix(prefix netip.Prefix, isSource bool) []expr.Any {
-	// dst offset
-	offset := uint32(16)
-	if isSource {
-		// src offset
-		offset = 12
-	}
-
-	ones := prefix.Bits()
-	// 0.0.0.0/0 doesn't need extra expressions
-	if ones == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	mask := net.CIDRMask(ones, 32)
-
-	return []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
-			Offset:       offset,
-			Len:          4,
-		},
-		// netmask
-		&expr.Bitwise{
-			DestRegister:   1,
-			SourceRegister: 1,
-			Len:            4,
-			Mask:           mask,
-			Xor:            []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
-		},
-		// net address
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     prefix.Masked().Addr().AsSlice(),
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func applyPort(port *firewall.Port, isSource bool) []expr.Any {
-	if port == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var exprs []expr.Any
-
-	offset := uint32(2) // Default offset for destination port
-	if isSource {
-		offset = 0 // Offset for source port
-	}
-
-	exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Payload{
-		DestRegister: 1,
-		Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
-		Offset:       offset,
-		Len:          2,
-	})
-
-	if port.IsRange && len(port.Values) == 2 {
-		// Handle port range
-		exprs = append(exprs,
-			&expr.Range{
-				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-				Register: 1,
-				FromData: binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(port.Values[0]),
-				ToData:   binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(port.Values[1]),
-			},
-		)
-	} else {
-		// Handle single port or multiple ports
-		for i, p := range port.Values {
-			if i > 0 {
-				// Add a bitwise OR operation between port checks
-				exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Bitwise{
-					SourceRegister: 1,
-					DestRegister:   1,
-					Len:            4,
-					Mask:           []byte{0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff},
-					Xor:            []byte{0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00},
-				})
-			}
-			exprs = append(exprs, &expr.Cmp{
-				Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
-				Register: 1,
-				Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(p),
-			})
-		}
-	}
-
-	return exprs
-}
-
-func getCtNewExprs() []expr.Any {
-	return []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Ct{
-			Key:      expr.CtKeySTATE,
-			Register: 1,
-		},
-		&expr.Bitwise{
-			SourceRegister: 1,
-			DestRegister:   1,
-			Len:            4,
-			Mask:           binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(expr.CtStateBitNEW),
-			Xor:            binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(0),
-		},
-		&expr.Cmp{
-			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
-			Register: 1,
-			Data:     []byte{0, 0, 0, 0},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func getIpSetExprs(ref refcounter.Ref[*nftables.Set], isSource bool) ([]expr.Any, error) {
-
-	// dst offset
-	offset := uint32(16)
-	if isSource {
-		// src offset
-		offset = 12
-	}
-
-	return []expr.Any{
-		&expr.Payload{
-			DestRegister: 1,
-			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseNetworkHeader,
-			Offset:       offset,
-			Len:          4,
-		},
-		&expr.Lookup{
-			SourceRegister: 1,
-			SetName:        ref.Out.Name,
-			SetID:          ref.Out.ID,
-		},
-	}, nil
-}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go
index f0e34d211..49dbfc8f2 100644
--- a/client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/router_linux_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build !android && privileged
 
 package nftables
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, testCase := range test.InsertRuleTestCases {
 		t.Run(testCase.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			// need fw manager to init both acl mgr and router for all chains to be present
+			// need fw manager to init both acl mgr and family for all chains to be present
 			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 
 			nftablesTestingClient := &nftables.Conn{}
 
-			rtr := manager.router
+			rtr := manager.family4
 			err = rtr.AddNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "pair should be inserted")
 
@@ -90,8 +90,9 @@ func TestNftablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 
 				// Build CIDR matching expressions
-				sourceExp := applyPrefix(testCase.InputPair.Source.Prefix, true)
-				destExp := applyPrefix(testCase.InputPair.Destination.Prefix, false)
+				testRouter := &family{af: afIPv4}
+				sourceExp := prefixMatchExprs(testRouter.af, testCase.InputPair.Source.Prefix, true)
+				destExp := prefixMatchExprs(testRouter.af, testCase.InputPair.Destination.Prefix, false)
 
 				// Combine all expressions in the correct order
 				// nolint:gocritic
@@ -99,14 +100,14 @@ func TestNftablesManager_AddNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 				testingExpression = append(testingExpression, sourceExp...)
 				testingExpression = append(testingExpression, destExp...)
 
-				natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, testCase.InputPair)
+				natRuleKey := testCase.InputPair.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat)
 				found := 0
 				for _, chain := range rtr.chains {
 					if chain.Name == chainNameManglePrerouting {
 						rules, err := nftablesTestingClient.GetRules(chain.Table, chain)
 						require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules for %s table and %s chain", chain.Table.Name, chain.Name)
 						for _, rule := range rules {
-							if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
+							if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && firewall.RuleID(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
 								// Compare expressions up to the mark setting expressions
 								require.ElementsMatchf(t, rule.Exprs[:len(testingExpression)], testingExpression, "prerouting nat rule elements should match")
 								found = 1
@@ -134,19 +135,19 @@ func TestNftablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			require.NoError(t, manager.Init(nil))
 
-			rtr := manager.router
+			rtr := manager.family4
 
-			// First add the NAT rule using the router's method
+			// First add the NAT rule using the family's method
 			err = rtr.AddNatRule(testCase.InputPair)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should add NAT rule")
 
 			// Verify the rule was added
-			natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, testCase.InputPair)
+			natRuleKey := testCase.InputPair.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat)
 			found := false
 			rules, err := rtr.conn.GetRules(rtr.workTable, rtr.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting])
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules")
 			for _, rule := range rules {
-				if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
+				if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && firewall.RuleID(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
 					found = true
 					break
 				}
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ func TestNftablesManager_RemoveNatRule(t *testing.T) {
 			rules, err = rtr.conn.GetRules(rtr.workTable, rtr.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting])
 			require.NoError(t, err, "should list rules after removal")
 			for _, rule := range rules {
-				if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
+				if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && firewall.RuleID(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
 					found = true
 					break
 				}
@@ -199,11 +200,10 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	defer deleteWorkTable()
 
-	r, err := newRouter(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create router")
+	r := newFamily(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, r.init(workTable))
 
-	defer func(r *router) {
+	defer func(r *family) {
 		require.NoError(t, r.Reset(), "Failed to reset rules")
 	}(r)
 
@@ -313,16 +313,16 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(nil, tt.sources, firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination}, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
-			require.NoError(t, err, "AddRouteFiltering failed")
+			ruleKey, err := r.AddFilterRule(nil, tt.sources, firewall.Network{Prefix: tt.destination}, tt.proto, tt.sPort, tt.dPort, tt.action)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "AddFilterRule failed")
 
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
-				require.NoError(t, r.DeleteRouteRule(ruleKey), "Failed to delete rule")
+				require.NoError(t, r.DeleteFilterRule(ruleKey), "Failed to delete rule")
 			})
 
-			// Check if the rule is in the internal map
-			rule, ok := r.rules[ruleKey.ID()]
-			assert.True(t, ok, "Rule not found in internal map")
+			stored, ok := r.filters[id.RuleID(ruleKey.ID())]
+			require.True(t, ok, "Rule not found in filters map")
+			rule := stored.nftRule
 
 			t.Log("Internal rule expressions:")
 			for i, expr := range rule.Exprs {
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ func TestRouter_AddRouteFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 
 			var nftRule *nftables.Rule
 			for _, rule := range rules {
-				if string(rule.UserData) == ruleKey.ID() {
+				if firewall.RuleID(rule.UserData) == ruleKey.ID() {
 					nftRule = rule
 					break
 				}
@@ -366,12 +366,11 @@ func TestNftablesCreateIpSet(t *testing.T) {
 
 	defer deleteWorkTable()
 
-	r, err := newRouter(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create router")
+	r := newFamily(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, r.init(workTable))
 
 	defer func() {
-		require.NoError(t, r.Reset(), "Failed to reset router")
+		require.NoError(t, r.Reset(), "Failed to reset family")
 	}()
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -508,6 +507,187 @@ func TestNftablesCreateIpSet(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestNftablesUpdateSetMergesOverlapping verifies that UpdateSet merges
+// overlapping prefixes before adding them. An interval set rejects
+// overlapping elements, so without the merge a batch holding a /32 already
+// covered by a /24, or a duplicate address as DNS resolution can produce,
+// would fail.
+func TestNftablesUpdateSetMergesOverlapping(t *testing.T) {
+	if check() != NFTABLES {
+		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
+	}
+
+	workTable, err := createWorkTable()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create work table")
+	defer deleteWorkTable()
+
+	r := newFamily(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, r.init(workTable))
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, r.Reset(), "reset family")
+	}()
+
+	initial := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")}
+	set := firewall.NewPrefixSet(initial)
+
+	created, err := r.createIpSet(set.HashedName(), setInput{prefixes: initial})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create ip set")
+	require.NotNil(t, created)
+
+	overlapping := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.1/32"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.1/32"),
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, r.UpdateSet(set, overlapping), "UpdateSet must merge overlapping prefixes")
+
+	fetchedSet, err := r.conn.GetSetByName(r.workTable, set.HashedName())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "fetch updated set")
+	elements, err := r.conn.GetSetElements(fetchedSet)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "get set elements")
+
+	starts := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, elem := range elements {
+		if elem.IntervalEnd {
+			continue
+		}
+		starts[netip.AddrFrom4(*(*[4]byte)(elem.Key)).String()] = true
+	}
+	// The /32s are covered by the /24, so the update adds one interval and
+	// leaves the one created earlier in place.
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]bool{"10.0.0.0": true, "192.168.1.0": true}, starts,
+		"merged set must hold the original and the merged interval")
+}
+
+func TestNftablesCreateIpSet_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	if check() != NFTABLES {
+		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
+	}
+
+	workTable, err := createWorkTableIPv6()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create v6 work table")
+	defer deleteWorkTableIPv6()
+
+	r := newFamily(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, r.init(workTable))
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, r.Reset(), "Failed to reset family")
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		sources  []netip.Prefix
+		expected []netip.Prefix
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "Single IPv6",
+			sources: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::1/128")},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Multiple IPv6 Subnets",
+			sources: []netip.Prefix{
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/48"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("fe80::/10"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Overlapping IPv6",
+			sources: []netip.Prefix{
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/48"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::1/128"),
+			},
+			expected: []netip.Prefix{
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/48"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Mixed prefix lengths",
+			sources: []netip.Prefix{
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8:1::/48"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8:2::1/128"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:abcd::/32"),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			setName := firewall.NewPrefixSet(tt.sources).HashedName()
+			set, err := r.createIpSet(setName, setInput{prefixes: tt.sources})
+			require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create IPv6 set")
+			require.NotNil(t, set)
+
+			assert.Equal(t, setName, set.Name)
+			assert.True(t, set.Interval)
+			assert.Equal(t, nftables.TypeIP6Addr, set.KeyType)
+
+			fetchedSet, err := r.conn.GetSetByName(r.workTable, setName)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to fetch created set")
+
+			elements, err := r.conn.GetSetElements(fetchedSet)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to get set elements")
+
+			uniquePrefixes := make(map[string]bool)
+			for _, elem := range elements {
+				if !elem.IntervalEnd && len(elem.Key) == 16 {
+					ip := netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(elem.Key))
+					uniquePrefixes[ip.String()] = true
+				}
+			}
+
+			expectedCount := len(tt.expected)
+			if expectedCount == 0 {
+				expectedCount = len(tt.sources)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, expectedCount, len(uniquePrefixes), "unique prefix count mismatch")
+
+			r.conn.DelSet(set)
+			require.NoError(t, r.conn.Flush())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func createWorkTableIPv6() (*nftables.Table, error) {
+	sConn, err := nftables.New(nftables.AsLasting())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	tables, err := sConn.ListTablesOfFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv6)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for _, t := range tables {
+		if t.Name == tableNameNetbird {
+			sConn.DelTable(t)
+		}
+	}
+
+	table := sConn.AddTable(&nftables.Table{Name: tableNameNetbird, Family: nftables.TableFamilyIPv6})
+	err = sConn.Flush()
+	return table, err
+}
+
+func deleteWorkTableIPv6() {
+	sConn, err := nftables.New(nftables.AsLasting())
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	tables, err := sConn.ListTablesOfFamily(nftables.TableFamilyIPv6)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, t := range tables {
+		if t.Name == tableNameNetbird {
+			sConn.DelTable(t)
+			_ = sConn.Flush()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func verifyRule(t *testing.T, rule *nftables.Rule, sources []netip.Prefix, destination netip.Prefix, proto firewall.Protocol, sPort, dPort *firewall.Port, direction firewall.RuleDirection, action firewall.Action, expectSet bool) {
 	t.Helper()
 
@@ -617,6 +797,14 @@ func containsPort(exprs []expr.Any, port *firewall.Port, isSource bool) bool {
 					}
 				}
 			}
+		case *expr.Lookup:
+			// Multiple discrete ports compile to an anonymous set lookup
+			// rather than a chain of comparisons. The set's id and name are
+			// assigned dynamically, so matching the lookup is enough here;
+			// the set elements are verified separately.
+			if !port.IsRange && len(port.Values) > 1 {
+				portMatchFound = true
+			}
 		}
 		if payloadFound && portMatchFound {
 			return true
@@ -627,7 +815,7 @@ func containsPort(exprs []expr.Any, port *firewall.Port, isSource bool) bool {
 
 func containsProtocol(exprs []expr.Any, proto firewall.Protocol) bool {
 	var metaFound, cmpFound bool
-	expectedProto, _ := protoToInt(proto)
+	expectedProto, _ := afIPv4.protoNum(proto)
 	for _, e := range exprs {
 		switch ex := e.(type) {
 		case *expr.Meta:
@@ -730,13 +918,12 @@ func TestRouter_RefreshRulesMap_RemovesStaleEntries(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer deleteWorkTable()
 
-	r, err := newRouter(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	r := newFamily(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, r.init(workTable))
 	defer func() { require.NoError(t, r.Reset()) }()
 
 	// Add a real rule to the kernel
-	ruleKey, err := r.AddRouteFiltering(
+	ruleKey, err := r.AddFilterRule(
 		nil,
 		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
 		firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")},
@@ -747,11 +934,11 @@ func TestRouter_RefreshRulesMap_RemovesStaleEntries(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		require.NoError(t, r.DeleteRouteRule(ruleKey))
+		require.NoError(t, r.DeleteFilterRule(ruleKey))
 	})
 
 	// Inject a stale entry with Handle=0 (simulates store-before-flush failure)
-	staleKey := "stale-rule-that-does-not-exist"
+	staleKey := firewall.RuleID("stale-rule-that-does-not-exist")
 	r.rules[staleKey] = &nftables.Rule{
 		Table:    r.workTable,
 		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw],
@@ -771,6 +958,54 @@ func TestRouter_RefreshRulesMap_RemovesStaleEntries(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotZero(t, realRule.Handle, "real rule should have a valid handle")
 }
 
+// TestRouter_DeleteRouteRule_RemovesKernelRule verifies a route filter
+// rule is actually removed from the kernel on delete. The route chain is
+// not refreshed by Flush, so the stored rule carries a zero handle;
+// DeleteFilterRule must pull live handles itself before issuing the
+// delete or the kernel rule leaks. Regression test for that path.
+func TestRouter_DeleteRouteRule_RemovesKernelRule(t *testing.T) {
+	if check() != NFTABLES {
+		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
+	}
+
+	workTable, err := createWorkTable()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer deleteWorkTable()
+
+	r := newFamily(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, r.init(workTable))
+	defer func() { require.NoError(t, r.Reset()) }()
+
+	ruleKey, err := r.AddFilterRule(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+		firewall.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")},
+		firewall.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		&firewall.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+		firewall.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	countKernelRules := func() int {
+		list, err := r.conn.GetRules(r.workTable, r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw])
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		n := 0
+		for _, rule := range list {
+			if string(rule.UserData) == string(ruleKey.ID()) {
+				n++
+			}
+		}
+		return n
+	}
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, countKernelRules(), "rule should be present in the kernel after add")
+
+	require.NoError(t, r.DeleteFilterRule(ruleKey))
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, countKernelRules(), "rule must be removed from the kernel after delete")
+	assert.NotContains(t, r.filters, ruleKey.ID(), "filters map entry should be cleared")
+}
+
 func TestRouter_DeleteRouteRule_StaleHandle(t *testing.T) {
 	if check() != NFTABLES {
 		t.Skip("nftables not supported on this system")
@@ -780,24 +1015,27 @@ func TestRouter_DeleteRouteRule_StaleHandle(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer deleteWorkTable()
 
-	r, err := newRouter(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	r := newFamily(workTable, ifaceMock, iface.DefaultMTU)
 	require.NoError(t, r.init(workTable))
 	defer func() { require.NoError(t, r.Reset()) }()
 
 	// Inject a stale entry with Handle=0
-	staleKey := "stale-route-rule"
-	r.rules[staleKey] = &nftables.Rule{
-		Table:    r.workTable,
-		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw],
-		Handle:   0,
-		UserData: []byte(staleKey),
+	staleKey := id.RuleID("stale-route-rule")
+	staleRule := &Rule{
+		nftRule: &nftables.Rule{
+			Table:    r.workTable,
+			Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw],
+			Handle:   0,
+			UserData: []byte(staleKey),
+		},
+		id: staleKey,
 	}
+	r.filters[staleKey] = staleRule
 
-	// DeleteRouteRule should not return an error for stale handles
-	err = r.DeleteRouteRule(id.RuleID(staleKey))
+	// DeleteFilterRule should not return an error for stale handles
+	err = r.DeleteFilterRule(staleRule)
 	assert.NoError(t, err, "deleting a stale rule should not error")
-	assert.NotContains(t, r.rules, staleKey, "stale entry should be cleaned up")
+	assert.NotContains(t, r.filters, staleKey, "stale entry should be cleaned up")
 }
 
 func TestRouter_AddNatRule_WithStaleEntry(t *testing.T) {
@@ -819,7 +1057,7 @@ func TestRouter_AddNatRule_WithStaleEntry(t *testing.T) {
 		Masquerade:  true,
 	}
 
-	rtr := manager.router
+	rtr := manager.family4
 
 	// First add succeeds
 	err = rtr.AddNatRule(pair)
@@ -829,11 +1067,11 @@ func TestRouter_AddNatRule_WithStaleEntry(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	// Corrupt the handle to simulate stale state
-	natRuleKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, pair)
+	natRuleKey := pair.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat)
 	if rule, exists := rtr.rules[natRuleKey]; exists {
 		rule.Handle = 0
 	}
-	inverseKey := firewall.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat, firewall.GetInversePair(pair))
+	inverseKey := firewall.GetInversePair(pair).GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat)
 	if rule, exists := rtr.rules[inverseKey]; exists {
 		rule.Handle = 0
 	}
@@ -848,9 +1086,61 @@ func TestRouter_AddNatRule_WithStaleEntry(t *testing.T) {
 
 	found := 0
 	for _, rule := range rules {
-		if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && string(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
+		if len(rule.UserData) > 0 && firewall.RuleID(rule.UserData) == natRuleKey {
 			found++
 		}
 	}
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, found, "NAT rule should exist in kernel")
 }
+
+func TestCalculateLastIP(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		prefix string
+		want   string
+	}{
+		{"10.0.0.0/24", "10.0.0.255"},
+		{"10.0.0.0/32", "10.0.0.0"},
+		{"0.0.0.0/0", "255.255.255.255"},
+		{"192.168.1.0/28", "192.168.1.15"},
+		{"fd00::/64", "fd00::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff"},
+		{"fd00::/128", "fd00::"},
+		{"2001:db8::/48", "2001:db8:0:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff"},
+		{"::/0", "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.prefix, func(t *testing.T) {
+			prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix(tt.prefix)
+			got := calculateLastIP(prefix)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got.String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertPrefixesToSet_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &family{af: afIPv6}
+	prefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::1/128"),
+	}
+
+	elements := r.convertPrefixesToSet(prefixes)
+
+	// Each prefix produces 2 elements (start + end)
+	require.Len(t, elements, 4)
+
+	// fd00::/64 start
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::").As16(), [16]byte(elements[0].Key))
+	assert.False(t, elements[0].IntervalEnd)
+
+	// fd00::/64 end (fd00:0:0:1::, one past the last)
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:0:0:1::").As16(), [16]byte(elements[1].Key))
+	assert.True(t, elements[1].IntervalEnd)
+
+	// 2001:db8::1/128 start
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1").As16(), [16]byte(elements[2].Key))
+	assert.False(t, elements[2].IntervalEnd)
+
+	// 2001:db8::1/128 end (2001:db8::2)
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::2").As16(), [16]byte(elements[3].Key))
+	assert.True(t, elements[3].IntervalEnd)
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/routing_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/routing_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4115c94bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/routing_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/google/nftables"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/binaryutil"
+	"github.com/google/nftables/expr"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+)
+
+func (r *family) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
+	}
+
+	// Resolve every rule's match expressions before queueing any of them: a
+	// message buffered on the shared connection cannot be un-queued, so
+	// returning an error after queueing would leave the next caller's Flush
+	// to commit a rule nothing tracks.
+	var legacyExprs []expr.Any
+	if r.legacyManagement {
+		log.Warnf("This peer is connected to a NetBird Management service with an older version. Allowing all traffic for %s", pair.Destination)
+
+		var err error
+		legacyExprs, err = r.legacyRouteRuleExprs(pair)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("build legacy routing rule: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	inverse := firewall.GetInversePair(pair)
+	var natExprs, inverseExprs []expr.Any
+	if pair.Masquerade {
+		var err error
+		natExprs, err = r.natRuleExprs(pair)
+		if err != nil {
+			r.dropNetworkMatch(legacyExprs)
+			return fmt.Errorf("build nat rule: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		inverseExprs, err = r.natRuleExprs(inverse)
+		if err != nil {
+			r.dropNetworkMatch(legacyExprs)
+			r.dropNetworkMatch(natExprs)
+			return fmt.Errorf("build inverse nat rule: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if legacyExprs != nil {
+		r.queueLegacyRouteRule(pair, legacyExprs)
+	}
+	if pair.Masquerade {
+		r.queueNatRule(pair, natExprs)
+		r.queueNatRule(inverse, inverseExprs)
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		r.rollbackRules(pair)
+		return fmt.Errorf("insert rules for %s: %w", pair.Destination, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// rollbackRules cleans up unflushed rules and their set counters after a flush failure.
+func (r *family) rollbackRules(pair firewall.RouterPair) {
+	keys := []firewall.RuleID{
+		pair.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat),
+		pair.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat),
+		firewall.GetInversePair(pair).GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat),
+	}
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		rule, ok := r.rules[key]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("rollback set counter for %s: %v", key, err)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, key)
+	}
+}
+
+// natRuleExprs resolves the match expressions of the pair's prerouting
+// marking rule. It reserves the ipset references the matches need but queues
+// nothing on the connection, so its error paths leave the connection clean.
+func (r *family) natRuleExprs(pair firewall.RouterPair) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Source, nil, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Destination, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.dropNetworkMatch(sourceExp)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	op := expr.CmpOpEq
+	if pair.Inverse {
+		op = expr.CmpOpNeq
+	}
+
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyIIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       op,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+	}
+	// We only care about NEW connections to mark them and later identify them in the postrouting chain for masquerading.
+	// Masquerading will take care of the conntrack state, which means we won't need to mark established connections.
+	exprs = append(exprs, getCtNewExprs()...)
+
+	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
+	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
+
+	markValue := nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade
+	if pair.Inverse {
+		markValue = nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn
+	}
+
+	exprs = append(exprs,
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(markValue),
+		},
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:            expr.MetaKeyMARK,
+			SourceRegister: true,
+			Register:       1,
+		},
+	)
+
+	return exprs, nil
+}
+
+// queueNatRule replaces any tracked rule for the pair and queues the new
+// prerouting marking rule on the connection. Failures are logged rather than
+// returned: the caller has already queued messages that only a Flush can
+// commit, so it must not return early.
+func (r *family) queueNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair, exprs []expr.Any) {
+	ruleID := pair.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat)
+
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
+			// The rule this replaces may still be in the kernel. Keep tracking
+			// it and skip the new one: overwriting the entry would leave the old
+			// rule installed with nothing that can find it again, while keeping
+			// it lets the next update retry the whole replacement.
+			log.Errorf("replace prerouting rule %s: %v", ruleID, err)
+			r.dropNetworkMatch(exprs)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Ensure nat rules come first, so the mark can be overwritten.
+	// Currently overwritten by the dst-type LOCAL rules for redirected traffic.
+	r.rules[ruleID] = r.conn.InsertRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameManglePrerouting],
+		Exprs:    exprs,
+		UserData: []byte(ruleID),
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *family) addPostroutingRules() {
+	// First masquerade rule for traffic coming in from WireGuard interface
+	exprs := []expr.Any{
+		// Match on the first fwmark
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyMARK,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade),
+		},
+
+		// We need to exclude the loopback interface as this changes the ebpf proxy port
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname("lo"),
+		},
+		&expr.Counter{},
+		&expr.Masq{},
+	}
+
+	r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
+		Exprs: exprs,
+	})
+
+	// Second masquerade rule for traffic going out through WireGuard interface
+	exprs2 := []expr.Any{
+		// Match on the second fwmark
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyMARK,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.NativeEndian.PutUint32(nbnet.PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn),
+		},
+
+		// Match WireGuard interface
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Counter{},
+		&expr.Masq{},
+	}
+
+	r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameRoutingNat],
+		Exprs: exprs2,
+	})
+}
+
+// addMSSClampingRules adds MSS clamping rules to prevent fragmentation for forwarded traffic.
+func (r *family) addMSSClampingRules() error {
+	overhead := uint16(ipv4TCPHeaderSize)
+	if r.af.tableFamily == nftables.TableFamilyIPv6 {
+		overhead = ipv6TCPHeaderSize
+	}
+	if r.mtu <= overhead {
+		log.Debugf("MTU %d too small for MSS clamping (overhead %d), skipping", r.mtu, overhead)
+		return nil
+	}
+	mss := r.mtu - overhead
+
+	exprsOut := []expr.Any{
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyOIFNAME,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     ifname(r.wgIface.Name()),
+		},
+		&expr.Meta{
+			Key:      expr.MetaKeyL4PROTO,
+			Register: 1,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpEq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     []byte{unix.IPPROTO_TCP},
+		},
+		&expr.Payload{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Base:         expr.PayloadBaseTransportHeader,
+			Offset:       13,
+			Len:          1,
+		},
+		&expr.Bitwise{
+			DestRegister:   1,
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			Len:            1,
+			Mask:           []byte{0x02},
+			Xor:            []byte{0x00},
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpNeq,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     []byte{0x00},
+		},
+		&expr.Counter{},
+		&expr.Exthdr{
+			DestRegister: 1,
+			Type:         2,
+			Offset:       2,
+			Len:          2,
+			Op:           expr.ExthdrOpTcpopt,
+		},
+		&expr.Cmp{
+			Op:       expr.CmpOpGt,
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(uint16(mss)),
+		},
+		&expr.Immediate{
+			Register: 1,
+			Data:     binaryutil.BigEndian.PutUint16(uint16(mss)),
+		},
+		&expr.Exthdr{
+			SourceRegister: 1,
+			Type:           2,
+			Offset:         2,
+			Len:            2,
+			Op:             expr.ExthdrOpTcpopt,
+		},
+	}
+
+	r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table: r.workTable,
+		Chain: r.chains[chainNameMangleForward],
+		Exprs: exprsOut,
+	})
+
+	return r.conn.Flush()
+}
+
+func buildLegacyRouteRuleExpressions(sourceExp, destExp []expr.Any) []expr.Any {
+	exprs := make([]expr.Any, 0, len(sourceExp)+len(destExp)+2)
+	exprs = append(exprs, sourceExp...)
+	exprs = append(exprs, destExp...)
+	exprs = append(exprs,
+		&expr.Counter{},
+		&expr.Verdict{Kind: expr.VerdictAccept},
+	)
+	return exprs
+}
+
+// legacyRouteRuleExprs resolves the match expressions of the pair's legacy
+// forwarding rule, queueing nothing on the connection.
+func (r *family) legacyRouteRuleExprs(pair firewall.RouterPair) ([]expr.Any, error) {
+	sourceExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Source, nil, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply source: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	destExp, err := r.applyNetwork(pair.Destination, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		r.dropNetworkMatch(sourceExp)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("apply destination: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return buildLegacyRouteRuleExpressions(sourceExp, destExp), nil
+}
+
+// queueLegacyRouteRule replaces any tracked rule for the pair and queues the
+// new legacy forwarding rule. Failures are logged for the same reason as in
+// queueNatRule.
+func (r *family) queueLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair, exprs []expr.Any) {
+	ruleID := pair.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat)
+
+	if _, exists := r.rules[ruleID]; exists {
+		if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
+			// Keep the old rule tracked instead of losing it, as in queueNatRule.
+			log.Errorf("replace legacy forwarding rule %s: %v", ruleID, err)
+			r.dropNetworkMatch(exprs)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	r.rules[ruleID] = r.conn.AddRule(&nftables.Rule{
+		Table:    r.workTable,
+		Chain:    r.chains[chainNameRoutingFw],
+		Exprs:    exprs,
+		UserData: []byte(ruleID),
+	})
+}
+
+// removeLegacyRouteRule removes a legacy routing rule for mgmt servers pre route acls
+func (r *family) removeLegacyRouteRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	ruleID := pair.GenKey(firewall.ForwardingFormat)
+
+	rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]
+	if !exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return r.deleteLegacyRuleEntry(ruleID, rule)
+}
+
+// deleteLegacyRuleEntry removes one legacy forwarding rule and drops its
+// ipset references. It also clears stale entries that never got a handle.
+func (r *family) deleteLegacyRuleEntry(ruleID firewall.RuleID, rule *nftables.Rule) error {
+	if rule.Handle == 0 {
+		log.Warnf("legacy forwarding rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleID)
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("decrement set counter for stale rule %s: %v", ruleID, err)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove legacy forwarding rule %s: %w", ruleID, err)
+	}
+
+	delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+
+	if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetLegacyManagement returns the route manager's legacy management mode
+func (r *family) GetLegacyManagement() bool {
+	return r.legacyManagement
+}
+
+// SetLegacyManagement sets the route manager to use legacy management mode
+func (r *family) SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy bool) {
+	r.legacyManagement = isLegacy
+}
+
+// RemoveAllLegacyRouteRules removes all legacy routing rules for mgmt servers pre route acls
+func (r *family) RemoveAllLegacyRouteRules() error {
+	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	var found bool
+	for k, rule := range r.rules {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(string(k), firewall.ForwardingFormatPrefix) {
+			continue
+		}
+		found = true
+		if err := r.deleteLegacyRuleEntry(k, rule); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Commit the queued deletes here instead of leaving them for whichever
+	// caller flushes next: the tracking entries are already gone, so an
+	// uncommitted delete would leave a rule in the kernel that nothing can
+	// find again.
+	if found {
+		if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) removeNatPreroutingRules() error {
+	table := &nftables.Table{
+		Name:   tableNat,
+		Family: r.af.tableFamily,
+	}
+	chain := &nftables.Chain{
+		Name:     chainNameNatPrerouting,
+		Table:    table,
+		Hooknum:  nftables.ChainHookPrerouting,
+		Priority: nftables.ChainPriorityNATDest,
+		Type:     nftables.ChainTypeNAT,
+	}
+	rules, err := r.conn.GetRules(table, chain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get rules from nat table: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	// Delete rules that have our UserData suffix
+	for _, rule := range rules {
+		if len(rule.UserData) == 0 || !strings.HasSuffix(string(rule.UserData), string(dnatSuffix)) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete rule %s: %w", rule.UserData, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf(flushError, err))
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	if err := r.refreshRulesMap(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf(refreshRulesMapError, err)
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if pair.Masquerade {
+		if err := r.removeNatRule(pair); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule: %w", err))
+		}
+
+		if err := r.removeNatRule(firewall.GetInversePair(pair)); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove inverse prerouting rule: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := r.removeLegacyRouteRule(pair); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove legacy routing rule: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	// Set counters are decremented in the sub-methods above before flush. If flush fails,
+	// counters will be off until the next successful removal or refresh cycle.
+	if err := r.conn.Flush(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("flush remove nat rules %s: %w", pair.Destination, err))
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *family) removeNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	ruleID := pair.GenKey(firewall.PreroutingFormat)
+
+	rule, exists := r.rules[ruleID]
+	if !exists {
+		log.Debugf("prerouting rule %s not found", ruleID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if rule.Handle == 0 {
+		log.Warnf("prerouting rule %s has no handle, removing stale entry", ruleID)
+		if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("decrement set counter for stale rule %s: %v", ruleID, err)
+		}
+		delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := r.conn.DelRule(rule); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove prerouting rule %s -> %s: %w", pair.Source, pair.Destination, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("removed prerouting rule %s -> %s", pair.Source, pair.Destination)
+
+	delete(r.rules, ruleID)
+
+	if err := r.decrementSetCounter(rule); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("decrement set counter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/rule_linux.go b/client/firewall/nftables/rule_linux.go
index a90b74e36..8f3c0aebc 100644
--- a/client/firewall/nftables/rule_linux.go
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/rule_linux.go
@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
 package nftables
 
 import (
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 
 	"github.com/google/nftables"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 )
 
-// Rule to handle management of rules
+// Rule wraps an installed filter rule (peer or route). Source set
+// membership is encoded in the rule's expressions; DeleteFilterRule
+// recovers the set name via findSets so the refcounter can drop the
+// right reference. mangleRule is set only for peer rules.
 type Rule struct {
 	nftRule    *nftables.Rule
 	mangleRule *nftables.Rule
-	nftSet     *nftables.Set
-	ruleID     string
-	ip         net.IP
+	// sources is the canonical source list this rule was created for.
+	sources []netip.Prefix
+	id      manager.RuleID
 }
 
-// GetRuleID returns the rule id
-func (r *Rule) ID() string {
-	return r.ruleID
+// ID returns the rule id
+func (r *Rule) ID() manager.RuleID {
+	return r.id
 }
diff --git a/client/firewall/nftables/testhelpers_linux_test.go b/client/firewall/nftables/testhelpers_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72db3f7d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/nftables/testhelpers_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package nftables
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+)
+
+func pfx(ip net.IP) []netip.Prefix {
+	if ip == nil {
+		return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)}
+	}
+	if ip.IsUnspecified() {
+		if ip.To4() != nil {
+			return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)}
+		}
+		return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)}
+	}
+	a, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
+	if !ok {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid IP length: %d", len(ip)))
+	}
+	a = a.Unmap()
+	return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(a, a.BitLen())}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird.go
deleted file mode 100644
index b120cdf12..000000000
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !windows
-
-package uspfilter
-
-import (
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/firewalld"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
-)
-
-// Close cleans up the firewall manager by removing all rules and closing trackers
-func (m *Manager) Close(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	m.resetState()
-
-	if m.nativeFirewall != nil {
-		return m.nativeFirewall.Close(stateManager)
-	}
-	if err := firewalld.UntrustInterface(m.wgIface.Name()); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to untrust interface in firewalld: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// AllowNetbird allows netbird interface traffic
-func (m *Manager) AllowNetbird() error {
-	if m.nativeFirewall != nil {
-		return m.nativeFirewall.AllowNetbird()
-	}
-	if err := firewalld.TrustInterface(m.wgIface.Name()); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to trust interface in firewalld: %v", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/common/iface.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/common/iface.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c06eb3f7..000000000
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/common/iface.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-package common
-
-import (
-	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
-)
-
-// IFaceMapper defines subset methods of interface required for manager
-type IFaceMapper interface {
-	Name() string
-	SetFilter(device.PacketFilter) error
-	Address() wgaddr.Address
-	GetWGDevice() *wgdevice.Device
-	GetDevice() *device.FilteredDevice
-}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/cap_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/cap_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ee6b72e7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/cap_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package conntrack
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestTCPCapEvicts(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvTCPMaxEntries, "4")
+
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+	require.Equal(t, 4, tracker.maxEntries)
+
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(src, dst, uint16(10000+i), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
+	}
+	require.LessOrEqual(t, len(tracker.connections), 4,
+		"TCP table must not exceed the configured cap")
+	require.Greater(t, len(tracker.connections), 0,
+		"some entries must remain after eviction")
+
+	// The most recently admitted flow must be present: eviction must make
+	// room for new entries, not silently drop them.
+	require.Contains(t, tracker.connections,
+		ConnKey{SrcIP: src, DstIP: dst, SrcPort: uint16(10009), DstPort: 80},
+		"newest TCP flow must be admitted after eviction")
+	// A pre-cap flow must have been evicted to fit the last one.
+	require.NotContains(t, tracker.connections,
+		ConnKey{SrcIP: src, DstIP: dst, SrcPort: uint16(10000), DstPort: 80},
+		"oldest TCP flow should have been evicted")
+}
+
+func TestTCPCapPrefersTombstonedForEviction(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvTCPMaxEntries, "3")
+
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+
+	// Fill to cap with 3 live connections.
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(src, dst, uint16(20000+i), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
+	}
+	require.Len(t, tracker.connections, 3)
+
+	// Tombstone one by sending RST through IsValidInbound.
+	tombstonedKey := ConnKey{SrcIP: src, DstIP: dst, SrcPort: 20001, DstPort: 80}
+	require.True(t, tracker.IsValidInbound(dst, src, 80, 20001, TCPRst|TCPAck, 0))
+	require.True(t, tracker.connections[tombstonedKey].IsTombstone())
+
+	// Another live connection forces eviction. The tombstone must go first.
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(src, dst, uint16(29999), 80, TCPSyn, 0)
+
+	_, tombstonedStillPresent := tracker.connections[tombstonedKey]
+	require.False(t, tombstonedStillPresent,
+		"tombstoned entry should be evicted before live entries")
+	require.LessOrEqual(t, len(tracker.connections), 3)
+
+	// Both live pre-cap entries must survive: eviction must prefer the
+	// tombstone, not just satisfy the size bound by dropping any entry.
+	require.Contains(t, tracker.connections,
+		ConnKey{SrcIP: src, DstIP: dst, SrcPort: uint16(20000), DstPort: 80},
+		"live entries must not be evicted while a tombstone exists")
+	require.Contains(t, tracker.connections,
+		ConnKey{SrcIP: src, DstIP: dst, SrcPort: uint16(20002), DstPort: 80},
+		"live entries must not be evicted while a tombstone exists")
+}
+
+func TestUDPCapEvicts(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvUDPMaxEntries, "5")
+
+	tracker := NewUDPTracker(DefaultUDPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+	require.Equal(t, 5, tracker.maxEntries)
+
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+
+	for i := 0; i < 12; i++ {
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(src, dst, uint16(30000+i), 53, 0)
+	}
+	require.LessOrEqual(t, len(tracker.connections), 5)
+	require.Greater(t, len(tracker.connections), 0)
+
+	require.Contains(t, tracker.connections,
+		ConnKey{SrcIP: src, DstIP: dst, SrcPort: uint16(30011), DstPort: 53},
+		"newest UDP flow must be admitted after eviction")
+	require.NotContains(t, tracker.connections,
+		ConnKey{SrcIP: src, DstIP: dst, SrcPort: uint16(30000), DstPort: 53},
+		"oldest UDP flow should have been evicted")
+}
+
+func TestICMPCapEvicts(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvICMPMaxEntries, "3")
+
+	tracker := NewICMPTracker(DefaultICMPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+	require.Equal(t, 3, tracker.maxEntries)
+
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+
+	echoReq := layers.CreateICMPv4TypeCode(uint8(layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoRequest), 0)
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		tracker.TrackOutbound(src, dst, uint16(i), echoReq, nil, 64)
+	}
+	require.LessOrEqual(t, len(tracker.connections), 3)
+	require.Greater(t, len(tracker.connections), 0)
+
+	require.Contains(t, tracker.connections,
+		ICMPConnKey{SrcIP: src, DstIP: dst, ID: uint16(7)},
+		"newest ICMP flow must be admitted after eviction")
+	require.NotContains(t, tracker.connections,
+		ICMPConnKey{SrcIP: src, DstIP: dst, ID: uint16(0)},
+		"oldest ICMP flow should have been evicted")
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/common.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/common.go
index 7be0dd78f..e497a0bff 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/common.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/common.go
@@ -1,16 +1,63 @@
 package conntrack
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 
+	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 )
 
+// evictSampleSize bounds how many map entries we scan per eviction call.
+// Keeps eviction O(1) even at cap under sustained load; the sampled-LRU
+// heuristic is good enough for a conntrack table that only overflows under
+// abuse.
+const evictSampleSize = 8
+
+// envDuration parses an os.Getenv(name) as a time.Duration. Falls back to
+// def on empty or invalid; logs a warning on invalid.
+func envDuration(logger *nblog.Logger, name string, def time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	v := os.Getenv(name)
+	if v == "" {
+		return def
+	}
+	d, err := time.ParseDuration(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.Warn3("invalid %s=%q: %v, using default", name, v, err)
+		return def
+	}
+	if d <= 0 {
+		logger.Warn2("invalid %s=%q: must be positive, using default", name, v)
+		return def
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+// envInt parses an os.Getenv(name) as an int. Falls back to def on empty,
+// invalid, or non-positive. Logs a warning on invalid input.
+func envInt(logger *nblog.Logger, name string, def int) int {
+	v := os.Getenv(name)
+	if v == "" {
+		return def
+	}
+	n, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		logger.Warn3("invalid %s=%q: %v, using default", name, v, err)
+		return def
+	case n <= 0:
+		logger.Warn2("invalid %s=%q: must be positive, using default", name, v)
+		return def
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
 // BaseConnTrack provides common fields and locking for all connection types
 type BaseConnTrack struct {
 	FlowId    uuid.UUID
@@ -64,5 +111,7 @@ type ConnKey struct {
 }
 
 func (c ConnKey) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d → %s:%d", c.SrcIP.Unmap(), c.SrcPort, c.DstIP.Unmap(), c.DstPort)
+	return net.JoinHostPort(c.SrcIP.Unmap().String(), strconv.Itoa(int(c.SrcPort))) +
+		" → " +
+		net.JoinHostPort(c.DstIP.Unmap().String(), strconv.Itoa(int(c.DstPort)))
 }
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/common_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/common_test.go
index d868dd1fb..7e67b98fa 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/common_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/common_test.go
@@ -13,6 +13,54 @@ import (
 var logger = log.NewFromLogrus(logrus.StandardLogger())
 var flowLogger = netflow.NewManager(nil, []byte{}, nil).GetLogger()
 
+func TestConnKey_String(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		key    ConnKey
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "IPv4",
+			key: ConnKey{
+				SrcIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				DstIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+				SrcPort: 12345,
+				DstPort: 80,
+			},
+			expect: "192.168.1.1:12345 → 10.0.0.1:80",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6",
+			key: ConnKey{
+				SrcIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				DstIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::2"),
+				SrcPort: 54321,
+				DstPort: 443,
+			},
+			expect: "[2001:db8::1]:54321 → [2001:db8::2]:443",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv4-mapped IPv6 unmaps",
+			key: ConnKey{
+				SrcIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("::ffff:10.0.0.1"),
+				DstIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("::ffff:10.0.0.2"),
+				SrcPort: 1000,
+				DstPort: 2000,
+			},
+			expect: "10.0.0.1:1000 → 10.0.0.2:2000",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := tc.key.String()
+			if got != tc.expect {
+				t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, tc.expect)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // Memory pressure tests
 func BenchmarkMemoryPressure(b *testing.B) {
 	b.Run("TCPHighLoad", func(b *testing.B) {
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/defaults_desktop.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/defaults_desktop.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f07f5984
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/defaults_desktop.go
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build !ios && !android
+
+package conntrack
+
+// Default per-tracker entry caps on desktop/server platforms. These mirror
+// typical Linux netfilter nf_conntrack_max territory with ample headroom.
+const (
+	DefaultMaxTCPEntries  = 65536
+	DefaultMaxUDPEntries  = 16384
+	DefaultMaxICMPEntries = 2048
+)
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/defaults_mobile.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/defaults_mobile.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9e05d229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/defaults_mobile.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build ios || android
+
+package conntrack
+
+// Default per-tracker entry caps on mobile platforms. iOS network extensions
+// are capped at ~50 MB; Android runs under aggressive memory pressure. These
+// values keep conntrack footprint well under 5 MB worst case (TCPConnTrack
+// is ~200 B plus map overhead).
+const (
+	DefaultMaxTCPEntries  = 4096
+	DefaultMaxUDPEntries  = 2048
+	DefaultMaxICMPEntries = 512
+)
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/icmp.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/icmp.go
index 50b663642..3c96548b5 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/icmp.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/icmp.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -21,9 +22,14 @@ const (
 	// ICMPCleanupInterval is how often we check for stale ICMP connections
 	ICMPCleanupInterval = 15 * time.Second
 
-	// MaxICMPPayloadLength is the maximum length of ICMP payload we consider for original packet info,
-	// which includes the IP header (20 bytes) and transport header (8 bytes)
-	MaxICMPPayloadLength = 28
+	// MaxICMPPayloadLength is the maximum length of ICMP payload we consider for original packet info.
+	// IPv4: 20-byte header + 8-byte transport = 28 bytes.
+	// IPv6: 40-byte header + 8-byte transport = 48 bytes.
+	MaxICMPPayloadLength = 48
+	// minICMPPayloadIPv4 is the minimum embedded packet length for IPv4 ICMP errors.
+	minICMPPayloadIPv4 = 28
+	// minICMPPayloadIPv6 is the minimum embedded packet length for IPv6 ICMP errors.
+	minICMPPayloadIPv6 = 48
 )
 
 // ICMPConnKey uniquely identifies an ICMP connection
@@ -44,6 +50,9 @@ type ICMPConnTrack struct {
 	ICMPCode uint8
 }
 
+// EnvICMPMaxEntries caps the ICMP conntrack table size.
+const EnvICMPMaxEntries = "NB_CONNTRACK_ICMP_MAX"
+
 // ICMPTracker manages ICMP connection states
 type ICMPTracker struct {
 	logger        *nblog.Logger
@@ -52,6 +61,7 @@ type ICMPTracker struct {
 	cleanupTicker *time.Ticker
 	tickerCancel  context.CancelFunc
 	mutex         sync.RWMutex
+	maxEntries    int
 	flowLogger    nftypes.FlowLogger
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +75,7 @@ type ICMPInfo struct {
 
 // String implements fmt.Stringer for lazy evaluation in log messages
 func (info ICMPInfo) String() string {
-	if info.isErrorMessage() && info.PayloadLen >= MaxICMPPayloadLength {
+	if info.isErrorMessage() && info.PayloadLen >= minICMPPayloadIPv4 {
 		if origInfo := info.parseOriginalPacket(); origInfo != "" {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("%s (original: %s)", info.TypeCode, origInfo)
 		}
@@ -74,42 +84,72 @@ func (info ICMPInfo) String() string {
 	return info.TypeCode.String()
 }
 
-// isErrorMessage returns true if this ICMP type carries original packet info
+// isErrorMessage returns true if this ICMP type carries original packet info.
+// Covers both ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 error types. Without a family field we match
+// both sets; type 3 overlaps (v4 DestUnreachable / v6 TimeExceeded) so it's
+// kept as a literal.
 func (info ICMPInfo) isErrorMessage() bool {
 	typ := info.TypeCode.Type()
-	return typ == 3 || // Destination Unreachable
-		typ == 5 || // Redirect
-		typ == 11 || // Time Exceeded
-		typ == 12 // Parameter Problem
+	// ICMPv4 error types
+	if typ == layers.ICMPv4TypeDestinationUnreachable ||
+		typ == layers.ICMPv4TypeRedirect ||
+		typ == layers.ICMPv4TypeTimeExceeded ||
+		typ == layers.ICMPv4TypeParameterProblem {
+		return true
+	}
+	// ICMPv6 error types (type 3 already matched above as v4 DestUnreachable)
+	if typ == layers.ICMPv6TypeDestinationUnreachable ||
+		typ == layers.ICMPv6TypePacketTooBig ||
+		typ == layers.ICMPv6TypeParameterProblem {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // parseOriginalPacket extracts info about the original packet from ICMP payload
 func (info ICMPInfo) parseOriginalPacket() string {
-	if info.PayloadLen < MaxICMPPayloadLength {
+	if info.PayloadLen == 0 {
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	// TODO: handle IPv6
-	if version := (info.PayloadData[0] >> 4) & 0xF; version != 4 {
+	version := (info.PayloadData[0] >> 4) & 0xF
+
+	var protocol uint8
+	var srcIP, dstIP net.IP
+	var transportData []byte
+
+	switch version {
+	case 4:
+		if info.PayloadLen < minICMPPayloadIPv4 {
+			return ""
+		}
+		protocol = info.PayloadData[9]
+		srcIP = net.IP(info.PayloadData[12:16])
+		dstIP = net.IP(info.PayloadData[16:20])
+		transportData = info.PayloadData[20:]
+	case 6:
+		if info.PayloadLen < minICMPPayloadIPv6 {
+			return ""
+		}
+		// Next Header field in IPv6 header
+		protocol = info.PayloadData[6]
+		srcIP = net.IP(info.PayloadData[8:24])
+		dstIP = net.IP(info.PayloadData[24:40])
+		transportData = info.PayloadData[40:]
+	default:
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	protocol := info.PayloadData[9]
-	srcIP := net.IP(info.PayloadData[12:16])
-	dstIP := net.IP(info.PayloadData[16:20])
-
-	transportData := info.PayloadData[20:]
-
 	switch nftypes.Protocol(protocol) {
 	case nftypes.TCP:
 		srcPort := uint16(transportData[0])<<8 | uint16(transportData[1])
 		dstPort := uint16(transportData[2])<<8 | uint16(transportData[3])
-		return fmt.Sprintf("TCP %s:%d → %s:%d", srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
+		return "TCP " + net.JoinHostPort(srcIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(srcPort))) + " → " + net.JoinHostPort(dstIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(dstPort)))
 
 	case nftypes.UDP:
 		srcPort := uint16(transportData[0])<<8 | uint16(transportData[1])
 		dstPort := uint16(transportData[2])<<8 | uint16(transportData[3])
-		return fmt.Sprintf("UDP %s:%d → %s:%d", srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
+		return "UDP " + net.JoinHostPort(srcIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(srcPort))) + " → " + net.JoinHostPort(dstIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(dstPort)))
 
 	case nftypes.ICMP:
 		icmpType := transportData[0]
@@ -135,6 +175,7 @@ func NewICMPTracker(timeout time.Duration, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nfty
 		timeout:       timeout,
 		cleanupTicker: time.NewTicker(ICMPCleanupInterval),
 		tickerCancel:  cancel,
+		maxEntries:    envInt(logger, EnvICMPMaxEntries, DefaultMaxICMPEntries),
 		flowLogger:    flowLogger,
 	}
 
@@ -221,7 +262,9 @@ func (t *ICMPTracker) track(
 
 	// non echo requests don't need tracking
 	if typ != uint8(layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoRequest) {
-		t.logger.Trace3("New %s ICMP connection %s - %s", direction, key, icmpInfo)
+		if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			t.logger.Trace3("New %s ICMP connection %s - %s", direction, key, icmpInfo)
+		}
 		t.sendStartEvent(direction, srcIP, dstIP, typ, code, ruleId, size)
 		return
 	}
@@ -240,16 +283,22 @@ func (t *ICMPTracker) track(
 	conn.UpdateCounters(direction, size)
 
 	t.mutex.Lock()
+	if t.maxEntries > 0 && len(t.connections) >= t.maxEntries {
+		t.evictOneLocked()
+	}
 	t.connections[key] = conn
 	t.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	t.logger.Trace3("New %s ICMP connection %s - %s", direction, key, icmpInfo)
+	if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		t.logger.Trace3("New %s ICMP connection %s - %s", direction, key, icmpInfo)
+	}
 	t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, conn, ruleId)
 }
 
-// IsValidInbound checks if an inbound ICMP Echo Reply matches a tracked request
+// IsValidInbound checks if an inbound ICMP Echo Reply matches a tracked request.
+// Accepts both ICMPv4 (type 0) and ICMPv6 (type 129) echo replies.
 func (t *ICMPTracker) IsValidInbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, id uint16, icmpType uint8, size int) bool {
-	if icmpType != uint8(layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoReply) {
+	if icmpType != uint8(layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoReply) && icmpType != uint8(layers.ICMPv6TypeEchoReply) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -286,6 +335,34 @@ func (t *ICMPTracker) cleanupRoutine(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
+// evictOneLocked removes one entry to make room. Caller must hold t.mutex.
+// Bounded sample scan: picks the oldest among up to evictSampleSize entries.
+func (t *ICMPTracker) evictOneLocked() {
+	var candKey ICMPConnKey
+	var candSeen int64
+	haveCand := false
+	sampled := 0
+
+	for k, c := range t.connections {
+		seen := c.lastSeen.Load()
+		if !haveCand || seen < candSeen {
+			candKey = k
+			candSeen = seen
+			haveCand = true
+		}
+		sampled++
+		if sampled >= evictSampleSize {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if haveCand {
+		if evicted := t.connections[candKey]; evicted != nil {
+			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, evicted, nil)
+		}
+		delete(t.connections, candKey)
+	}
+}
+
 func (t *ICMPTracker) cleanup() {
 	t.mutex.Lock()
 	defer t.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -294,13 +371,22 @@ func (t *ICMPTracker) cleanup() {
 		if conn.timeoutExceeded(t.timeout) {
 			delete(t.connections, key)
 
-			t.logger.Trace5("Removed ICMP connection %s (timeout) [in: %d Pkts/%d B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
-				key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+			if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+				t.logger.Trace5("Removed ICMP connection %s (timeout) [in: %d Pkts/%d B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+					key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+			}
 			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+func icmpProtocolForAddr(ip netip.Addr) nftypes.Protocol {
+	if ip.Is6() {
+		return nftypes.ICMPv6
+	}
+	return nftypes.ICMP
+}
+
 // Close stops the cleanup routine and releases resources
 func (t *ICMPTracker) Close() {
 	t.tickerCancel()
@@ -316,7 +402,7 @@ func (t *ICMPTracker) sendEvent(typ nftypes.Type, conn *ICMPConnTrack, ruleID []
 		Type:      typ,
 		RuleID:    ruleID,
 		Direction: conn.Direction,
-		Protocol:  nftypes.ICMP, // TODO: adjust for IPv6/icmpv6
+		Protocol:  icmpProtocolForAddr(conn.SourceIP),
 		SourceIP:  conn.SourceIP,
 		DestIP:    conn.DestIP,
 		ICMPType:  conn.ICMPType,
@@ -334,7 +420,7 @@ func (t *ICMPTracker) sendStartEvent(direction nftypes.Direction, srcIP netip.Ad
 		Type:      nftypes.TypeStart,
 		RuleID:    ruleID,
 		Direction: direction,
-		Protocol:  nftypes.ICMP,
+		Protocol:  icmpProtocolForAddr(srcIP),
 		SourceIP:  srcIP,
 		DestIP:    dstIP,
 		ICMPType:  typ,
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/icmp_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/icmp_test.go
index b15b42cf0..6d1f87162 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/icmp_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/icmp_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,42 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
+func TestICMPConnKey_String(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		key    ICMPConnKey
+		expect string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "IPv4",
+			key: ICMPConnKey{
+				SrcIP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+				DstIP: netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+				ID:    1234,
+			},
+			expect: "192.168.1.1 → 10.0.0.1 (id 1234)",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6",
+			key: ICMPConnKey{
+				SrcIP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+				DstIP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::2"),
+				ID:    5678,
+			},
+			expect: "2001:db8::1 → 2001:db8::2 (id 5678)",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := tc.key.String()
+			if got != tc.expect {
+				t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, tc.expect)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func BenchmarkICMPTracker(b *testing.B) {
 	b.Run("TrackOutbound", func(b *testing.B) {
 		tracker := NewICMPTracker(DefaultICMPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp.go
index 335a3abab..9edc9af22 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp.go
@@ -38,6 +38,27 @@ const (
 	TCPHandshakeTimeout = 60 * time.Second
 	// TCPCleanupInterval is how often we check for stale connections
 	TCPCleanupInterval = 5 * time.Minute
+	// FinWaitTimeout bounds FIN_WAIT_1 / FIN_WAIT_2 / CLOSING states.
+	// Matches Linux netfilter nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait.
+	FinWaitTimeout = 60 * time.Second
+	// CloseWaitTimeout bounds CLOSE_WAIT. Matches Linux default; apps
+	// holding CloseWait longer than this should bump the env var.
+	CloseWaitTimeout = 60 * time.Second
+	// LastAckTimeout bounds LAST_ACK. Matches Linux default.
+	LastAckTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+)
+
+// Env vars to override per-state teardown timeouts. Values parsed by
+// time.ParseDuration (e.g. "120s", "2m"). Invalid values fall back to the
+// defaults above with a warning.
+const (
+	EnvTCPFinWaitTimeout   = "NB_CONNTRACK_TCP_FIN_WAIT_TIMEOUT"
+	EnvTCPCloseWaitTimeout = "NB_CONNTRACK_TCP_CLOSE_WAIT_TIMEOUT"
+	EnvTCPLastAckTimeout   = "NB_CONNTRACK_TCP_LAST_ACK_TIMEOUT"
+
+	// EnvTCPMaxEntries caps the TCP conntrack table size. Oldest entries
+	// (tombstones first) are evicted when the cap is reached.
+	EnvTCPMaxEntries = "NB_CONNTRACK_TCP_MAX"
 )
 
 // TCPState represents the state of a TCP connection
@@ -133,14 +154,18 @@ func (t *TCPConnTrack) SetTombstone() {
 
 // TCPTracker manages TCP connection states
 type TCPTracker struct {
-	logger        *nblog.Logger
-	connections   map[ConnKey]*TCPConnTrack
-	mutex         sync.RWMutex
-	cleanupTicker *time.Ticker
-	tickerCancel  context.CancelFunc
-	timeout       time.Duration
-	waitTimeout   time.Duration
-	flowLogger    nftypes.FlowLogger
+	logger           *nblog.Logger
+	connections      map[ConnKey]*TCPConnTrack
+	mutex            sync.RWMutex
+	cleanupTicker    *time.Ticker
+	tickerCancel     context.CancelFunc
+	timeout          time.Duration
+	waitTimeout      time.Duration
+	finWaitTimeout   time.Duration
+	closeWaitTimeout time.Duration
+	lastAckTimeout   time.Duration
+	maxEntries       int
+	flowLogger       nftypes.FlowLogger
 }
 
 // NewTCPTracker creates a new TCP connection tracker
@@ -155,13 +180,17 @@ func NewTCPTracker(timeout time.Duration, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftyp
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 
 	tracker := &TCPTracker{
-		logger:        logger,
-		connections:   make(map[ConnKey]*TCPConnTrack),
-		cleanupTicker: time.NewTicker(TCPCleanupInterval),
-		tickerCancel:  cancel,
-		timeout:       timeout,
-		waitTimeout:   waitTimeout,
-		flowLogger:    flowLogger,
+		logger:           logger,
+		connections:      make(map[ConnKey]*TCPConnTrack),
+		cleanupTicker:    time.NewTicker(TCPCleanupInterval),
+		tickerCancel:     cancel,
+		timeout:          timeout,
+		waitTimeout:      waitTimeout,
+		finWaitTimeout:   envDuration(logger, EnvTCPFinWaitTimeout, FinWaitTimeout),
+		closeWaitTimeout: envDuration(logger, EnvTCPCloseWaitTimeout, CloseWaitTimeout),
+		lastAckTimeout:   envDuration(logger, EnvTCPLastAckTimeout, LastAckTimeout),
+		maxEntries:       envInt(logger, EnvTCPMaxEntries, DefaultMaxTCPEntries),
+		flowLogger:       flowLogger,
 	}
 
 	go tracker.cleanupRoutine(ctx)
@@ -209,6 +238,12 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) track(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, fla
 	if exists || flags&TCPSyn == 0 {
 		return
 	}
+	// Reject illegal SYN combinations (SYN+FIN, SYN+RST, …) so they don't
+	// create spurious conntrack entries. Not mandated by RFC 9293 but a
+	// common hardening (Linux netfilter/nftables rejects these too).
+	if !isValidFlagCombination(flags) {
+		return
+	}
 
 	conn := &TCPConnTrack{
 		BaseConnTrack: BaseConnTrack{
@@ -225,20 +260,65 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) track(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, fla
 	conn.state.Store(int32(TCPStateNew))
 	conn.DNATOrigPort.Store(uint32(origPort))
 
-	if origPort != 0 {
-		t.logger.Trace4("New %s TCP connection: %s (port DNAT %d -> %d)", direction, key, origPort, dstPort)
-	} else {
-		t.logger.Trace2("New %s TCP connection: %s", direction, key)
+	if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		if origPort != 0 {
+			t.logger.Trace4("New %s TCP connection: %s (port DNAT %d -> %d)", direction, key, origPort, dstPort)
+		} else {
+			t.logger.Trace2("New %s TCP connection: %s", direction, key)
+		}
 	}
 	t.updateState(key, conn, flags, direction, size)
 
 	t.mutex.Lock()
+	if t.maxEntries > 0 && len(t.connections) >= t.maxEntries {
+		t.evictOneLocked()
+	}
 	t.connections[key] = conn
 	t.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, conn, ruleID)
 }
 
+// evictOneLocked removes one entry to make room. Caller must hold t.mutex.
+// Bounded scan: samples up to evictSampleSize pseudo-random entries (Go map
+// iteration order is randomized), preferring a tombstone. If no tombstone
+// found in the sample, evicts the oldest among the sampled entries. O(1)
+// worst case — cheap enough to run on every insert at cap during abuse.
+func (t *TCPTracker) evictOneLocked() {
+	var candKey ConnKey
+	var candSeen int64
+	haveCand := false
+	sampled := 0
+
+	for k, c := range t.connections {
+		if c.IsTombstone() {
+			delete(t.connections, k)
+			return
+		}
+		seen := c.lastSeen.Load()
+		if !haveCand || seen < candSeen {
+			candKey = k
+			candSeen = seen
+			haveCand = true
+		}
+		sampled++
+		if sampled >= evictSampleSize {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if haveCand {
+		if evicted := t.connections[candKey]; evicted != nil {
+			// TypeEnd is already emitted at the state transition to
+			// TimeWait and when a connection is tombstoned. Only emit
+			// here when we're reaping a still-active flow.
+			if evicted.GetState() != TCPStateTimeWait && !evicted.IsTombstone() {
+				t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, evicted, nil)
+			}
+		}
+		delete(t.connections, candKey)
+	}
+}
+
 // IsValidInbound checks if an inbound TCP packet matches a tracked connection
 func (t *TCPTracker) IsValidInbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, flags uint8, size int) bool {
 	key := ConnKey{
@@ -256,12 +336,19 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) IsValidInbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort ui
 		return false
 	}
 
+	// Reject illegal flag combinations regardless of state. These never belong
+	// to a legitimate flow and must not advance or tear down state.
+	if !isValidFlagCombination(flags) {
+		if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelWarn) {
+			t.logger.Warn3("TCP illegal flag combination %x for connection %s (state %s)", flags, key, conn.GetState())
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
 	currentState := conn.GetState()
 	if !t.isValidStateForFlags(currentState, flags) {
-		t.logger.Warn3("TCP state %s is not valid with flags %x for connection %s", currentState, flags, key)
-		// allow all flags for established for now
-		if currentState == TCPStateEstablished {
-			return true
+		if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelWarn) {
+			t.logger.Warn3("TCP state %s is not valid with flags %x for connection %s", currentState, flags, key)
 		}
 		return false
 	}
@@ -270,116 +357,208 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) IsValidInbound(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort ui
 	return true
 }
 
-// updateState updates the TCP connection state based on flags
+// updateState updates the TCP connection state based on flags.
 func (t *TCPTracker) updateState(key ConnKey, conn *TCPConnTrack, flags uint8, packetDir nftypes.Direction, size int) {
-	conn.UpdateLastSeen()
 	conn.UpdateCounters(packetDir, size)
 
+	// Malformed flag combinations must not refresh lastSeen or drive state,
+	// otherwise spoofed packets keep a dead flow alive past its timeout.
+	if !isValidFlagCombination(flags) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	conn.UpdateLastSeen()
+
 	currentState := conn.GetState()
 
 	if flags&TCPRst != 0 {
-		if conn.CompareAndSwapState(currentState, TCPStateClosed) {
-			conn.SetTombstone()
-			t.logger.Trace6("TCP connection reset: %s (dir: %s) [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
-				key, packetDir, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
-			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
-		}
+		// Hardening beyond RFC 9293 §3.10.7.4: without sequence tracking we
+		// cannot apply the RFC 5961 in-window RST check, so we conservatively
+		// reject RSTs that the spec would accept (TIME-WAIT with in-window
+		// SEQ, SynSent from same direction as own SYN, etc.).
+		t.handleRst(key, conn, currentState, packetDir)
 		return
 	}
 
-	var newState TCPState
-	switch currentState {
-	case TCPStateNew:
-		if flags&TCPSyn != 0 && flags&TCPAck == 0 {
-			if conn.Direction == nftypes.Egress {
-				newState = TCPStateSynSent
-			} else {
-				newState = TCPStateSynReceived
-			}
-		}
+	newState := nextState(currentState, conn.Direction, packetDir, flags)
+	if newState == 0 || !conn.CompareAndSwapState(currentState, newState) {
+		return
+	}
+	t.onTransition(key, conn, currentState, newState, packetDir)
+}
 
-	case TCPStateSynSent:
-		if flags&TCPSyn != 0 && flags&TCPAck != 0 {
-			if packetDir != conn.Direction {
-				newState = TCPStateEstablished
-			} else {
-				// Simultaneous open
-				newState = TCPStateSynReceived
-			}
-		}
+// handleRst processes a RST segment. Late RSTs in TimeWait and spoofed RSTs
+// from the SYN direction are ignored; otherwise the flow is tombstoned.
+func (t *TCPTracker) handleRst(key ConnKey, conn *TCPConnTrack, currentState TCPState, packetDir nftypes.Direction) {
+	// TimeWait exists to absorb late segments; don't let a late RST
+	// tombstone the entry and break same-4-tuple reuse.
+	if currentState == TCPStateTimeWait {
+		return
+	}
+	// A RST from the same direction as the SYN cannot be a legitimate
+	// response and must not tear down a half-open connection.
+	if currentState == TCPStateSynSent && packetDir == conn.Direction {
+		return
+	}
+	if !conn.CompareAndSwapState(currentState, TCPStateClosed) {
+		return
+	}
+	conn.SetTombstone()
+	if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		t.logger.Trace6("TCP connection reset: %s (dir: %s) [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+			key, packetDir, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+	}
+	t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
+}
 
-	case TCPStateSynReceived:
-		if flags&TCPAck != 0 && flags&TCPSyn == 0 {
-			if packetDir == conn.Direction {
-				newState = TCPStateEstablished
-			}
-		}
+// stateTransition describes one state's transition logic. It receives the
+// packet's flags plus whether the packet direction matches the connection's
+// origin direction (same=true means same side as the SYN initiator). Return 0
+// for no transition.
+type stateTransition func(flags uint8, connDir nftypes.Direction, same bool) TCPState
 
-	case TCPStateEstablished:
-		if flags&TCPFin != 0 {
-			if packetDir == conn.Direction {
-				newState = TCPStateFinWait1
-			} else {
-				newState = TCPStateCloseWait
-			}
-		}
+// stateTable maps each state to its transition function. Centralized here so
+// nextState stays trivial and each rule is easy to read in isolation.
+var stateTable = map[TCPState]stateTransition{
+	TCPStateNew:         transNew,
+	TCPStateSynSent:     transSynSent,
+	TCPStateSynReceived: transSynReceived,
+	TCPStateEstablished: transEstablished,
+	TCPStateFinWait1:    transFinWait1,
+	TCPStateFinWait2:    transFinWait2,
+	TCPStateClosing:     transClosing,
+	TCPStateCloseWait:   transCloseWait,
+	TCPStateLastAck:     transLastAck,
+}
 
-	case TCPStateFinWait1:
-		if packetDir != conn.Direction {
-			switch {
-			case flags&TCPFin != 0 && flags&TCPAck != 0:
-				newState = TCPStateClosing
-			case flags&TCPFin != 0:
-				newState = TCPStateClosing
-			case flags&TCPAck != 0:
-				newState = TCPStateFinWait2
-			}
-		}
+// nextState returns the target TCP state for the given current state and
+// packet, or 0 if the packet does not trigger a transition.
+func nextState(currentState TCPState, connDir, packetDir nftypes.Direction, flags uint8) TCPState {
+	fn, ok := stateTable[currentState]
+	if !ok {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return fn(flags, connDir, packetDir == connDir)
+}
 
-	case TCPStateFinWait2:
-		if flags&TCPFin != 0 {
-			newState = TCPStateTimeWait
+func transNew(flags uint8, connDir nftypes.Direction, _ bool) TCPState {
+	if flags&TCPSyn != 0 && flags&TCPAck == 0 {
+		if connDir == nftypes.Egress {
+			return TCPStateSynSent
 		}
+		return TCPStateSynReceived
+	}
+	return 0
+}
 
-	case TCPStateClosing:
-		if flags&TCPAck != 0 {
-			newState = TCPStateTimeWait
+func transSynSent(flags uint8, _ nftypes.Direction, same bool) TCPState {
+	if flags&TCPSyn != 0 && flags&TCPAck != 0 {
+		if same {
+			return TCPStateSynReceived // simultaneous open
 		}
+		return TCPStateEstablished
+	}
+	return 0
+}
 
-	case TCPStateCloseWait:
-		if flags&TCPFin != 0 {
-			newState = TCPStateLastAck
-		}
+func transSynReceived(flags uint8, _ nftypes.Direction, same bool) TCPState {
+	if flags&TCPAck != 0 && flags&TCPSyn == 0 && same {
+		return TCPStateEstablished
+	}
+	return 0
+}
 
-	case TCPStateLastAck:
-		if flags&TCPAck != 0 {
-			newState = TCPStateClosed
-		}
+func transEstablished(flags uint8, _ nftypes.Direction, same bool) TCPState {
+	if flags&TCPFin == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if same {
+		return TCPStateFinWait1
+	}
+	return TCPStateCloseWait
+}
+
+// transFinWait1 handles the active-close peer response. A FIN carrying our
+// ACK piggybacked goes straight to TIME-WAIT (RFC 9293 §3.10.7.4, FIN-WAIT-1:
+// "if our FIN has been ACKed... enter the TIME-WAIT state"); a lone FIN moves
+// to CLOSING; a pure ACK of our FIN moves to FIN-WAIT-2.
+func transFinWait1(flags uint8, _ nftypes.Direction, same bool) TCPState {
+	if same {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if flags&TCPFin != 0 && flags&TCPAck != 0 {
+		return TCPStateTimeWait
+	}
+	switch {
+	case flags&TCPFin != 0:
+		return TCPStateClosing
+	case flags&TCPAck != 0:
+		return TCPStateFinWait2
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// transFinWait2 ignores own-side FIN retransmits; only the peer's FIN advances.
+func transFinWait2(flags uint8, _ nftypes.Direction, same bool) TCPState {
+	if flags&TCPFin != 0 && !same {
+		return TCPStateTimeWait
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// transClosing completes a simultaneous close on the peer's ACK.
+func transClosing(flags uint8, _ nftypes.Direction, same bool) TCPState {
+	if flags&TCPAck != 0 && !same {
+		return TCPStateTimeWait
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// transCloseWait only advances to LastAck when WE send FIN, ignoring peer retransmits.
+func transCloseWait(flags uint8, _ nftypes.Direction, same bool) TCPState {
+	if flags&TCPFin != 0 && same {
+		return TCPStateLastAck
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// transLastAck closes the flow only on the peer's ACK (not our own ACK retransmits).
+func transLastAck(flags uint8, _ nftypes.Direction, same bool) TCPState {
+	if flags&TCPAck != 0 && !same {
+		return TCPStateClosed
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// onTransition handles logging and flow-event emission after a successful
+// state transition. TimeWait and Closed are terminal for flow accounting.
+func (t *TCPTracker) onTransition(key ConnKey, conn *TCPConnTrack, from, to TCPState, packetDir nftypes.Direction) {
+	traceOn := t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace)
+	if traceOn {
+		t.logger.Trace4("TCP connection %s transitioned from %s to %s (dir: %s)", key, from, to, packetDir)
 	}
 
-	if newState != 0 && conn.CompareAndSwapState(currentState, newState) {
-		t.logger.Trace4("TCP connection %s transitioned from %s to %s (dir: %s)", key, currentState, newState, packetDir)
-
-		switch newState {
-		case TCPStateTimeWait:
+	switch to {
+	case TCPStateTimeWait:
+		if traceOn {
 			t.logger.Trace5("TCP connection %s completed [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
 				key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
-			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
-
-		case TCPStateClosed:
-			conn.SetTombstone()
+		}
+		t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
+	case TCPStateClosed:
+		conn.SetTombstone()
+		if traceOn {
 			t.logger.Trace5("TCP connection %s closed gracefully [in: %d Pkts/%d, B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
 				key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
-			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 		}
+		t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 	}
 }
 
-// isValidStateForFlags checks if the TCP flags are valid for the current connection state
+// isValidStateForFlags checks if the TCP flags are valid for the current
+// connection state. Caller must have already verified the flag combination is
+// legal via isValidFlagCombination.
 func (t *TCPTracker) isValidStateForFlags(state TCPState, flags uint8) bool {
-	if !isValidFlagCombination(flags) {
-		return false
-	}
 	if flags&TCPRst != 0 {
 		if state == TCPStateSynSent {
 			return flags&TCPAck != 0
@@ -449,15 +628,24 @@ func (t *TCPTracker) cleanup() {
 			timeout = t.waitTimeout
 		case TCPStateEstablished:
 			timeout = t.timeout
+		case TCPStateFinWait1, TCPStateFinWait2, TCPStateClosing:
+			timeout = t.finWaitTimeout
+		case TCPStateCloseWait:
+			timeout = t.closeWaitTimeout
+		case TCPStateLastAck:
+			timeout = t.lastAckTimeout
 		default:
+			// SynSent / SynReceived / New
 			timeout = TCPHandshakeTimeout
 		}
 
 		if conn.timeoutExceeded(timeout) {
 			delete(t.connections, key)
 
-			t.logger.Trace6("Cleaned up timed-out TCP connection %s (%s) [in: %d Pkts/%d, B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
-				key, conn.GetState(), conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+			if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+				t.logger.Trace6("Cleaned up timed-out TCP connection %s (%s) [in: %d Pkts/%d, B out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+					key, conn.GetState(), conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+			}
 
 			// event already handled by state change
 			if currentState != TCPStateTimeWait {
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp_rst_bugs_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp_rst_bugs_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81d4f5710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp_rst_bugs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package conntrack
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// RST hygiene tests: the tracker currently closes the flow on any RST that
+// matches the 4-tuple, regardless of direction or state. These tests cover
+// the minimum checks we want (no SEQ tracking).
+
+func TestTCPRstInSynSentWrongDirection(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+	key := ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}
+
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPSyn, 0)
+	conn := tracker.connections[key]
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateSynSent, conn.GetState())
+
+	// A RST arriving in the same direction as the SYN (i.e. TrackOutbound)
+	// cannot be a legitimate response. It must not close the connection.
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPRst|TCPAck, 0)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateSynSent, conn.GetState(),
+		"RST in same direction as SYN must not close connection")
+	require.False(t, conn.IsTombstone())
+}
+
+func TestTCPRstInTimeWaitIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+	key := ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}
+
+	// Drive to TIME-WAIT via active close.
+	establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+	require.True(t, tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0))
+	require.True(t, tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0))
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 0)
+
+	conn := tracker.connections[key]
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateTimeWait, conn.GetState())
+	require.False(t, conn.IsTombstone(), "TIME-WAIT must not be tombstoned")
+
+	// Late RST during TIME-WAIT must not tombstone the entry (TIME-WAIT
+	// exists to absorb late segments).
+	tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPRst, 0)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateTimeWait, conn.GetState(),
+		"RST in TIME-WAIT must not transition state")
+	require.False(t, conn.IsTombstone(),
+		"RST in TIME-WAIT must not tombstone the entry")
+}
+
+func TestTCPIllegalFlagCombos(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+	key := ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}
+
+	establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+	conn := tracker.connections[key]
+
+	// Illegal combos must be rejected and must not change state.
+	combos := []struct {
+		name  string
+		flags uint8
+	}{
+		{"SYN+RST", TCPSyn | TCPRst},
+		{"FIN+RST", TCPFin | TCPRst},
+		{"SYN+FIN", TCPSyn | TCPFin},
+		{"SYN+FIN+RST", TCPSyn | TCPFin | TCPRst},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range combos {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			before := conn.GetState()
+			valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, c.flags, 0)
+			require.False(t, valid, "illegal flag combo must be rejected: %s", c.name)
+			require.Equal(t, before, conn.GetState(),
+				"illegal flag combo must not change state")
+			require.False(t, conn.IsTombstone())
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp_state_bugs_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp_state_bugs_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32112cd58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/tcp_state_bugs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+package conntrack
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// These tests exercise cases where the TCP state machine currently advances
+// on retransmitted or wrong-direction segments and tears the flow down
+// prematurely. They are expected to fail until the direction checks are added.
+
+func TestTCPCloseWaitRetransmittedPeerFIN(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+	key := ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}
+
+	establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+	// Peer sends FIN -> CloseWait (our app has not yet closed).
+	valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+	require.True(t, valid)
+	conn := tracker.connections[key]
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateCloseWait, conn.GetState())
+
+	// Peer retransmits their FIN (ACK may have been delayed). We have NOT
+	// sent our FIN yet, so state must remain CloseWait.
+	valid = tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+	require.True(t, valid, "retransmitted peer FIN must still be accepted")
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateCloseWait, conn.GetState(),
+		"retransmitted peer FIN must not advance CloseWait to LastAck")
+
+	// Our app finally closes -> LastAck.
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateLastAck, conn.GetState())
+
+	// Peer ACK closes.
+	valid = tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0)
+	require.True(t, valid)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateClosed, conn.GetState())
+}
+
+func TestTCPFinWait2RetransmittedOwnFIN(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+	key := ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}
+
+	establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+	// We initiate close.
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+	valid := tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0)
+	require.True(t, valid)
+	conn := tracker.connections[key]
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateFinWait2, conn.GetState())
+
+	// Stray retransmit of our own FIN (same direction as originator) must
+	// NOT advance FinWait2 to TimeWait; only the peer's FIN should.
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateFinWait2, conn.GetState(),
+		"own FIN retransmit must not advance FinWait2 to TimeWait")
+
+	// Peer FIN -> TimeWait.
+	valid = tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+	require.True(t, valid)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateTimeWait, conn.GetState())
+}
+
+func TestTCPLastAckDirectionCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+	key := ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}
+
+	establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+	// Drive to LastAck: peer FIN -> CloseWait, our FIN -> LastAck.
+	require.True(t, tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0))
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+	conn := tracker.connections[key]
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateLastAck, conn.GetState())
+
+	// Our own ACK retransmit (same direction as originator) must NOT close.
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 0)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateLastAck, conn.GetState(),
+		"own ACK retransmit in LastAck must not transition to Closed")
+
+	// Peer's ACK -> Closed.
+	require.True(t, tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0))
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateClosed, conn.GetState())
+}
+
+func TestTCPFinWait1OwnAckDoesNotAdvance(t *testing.T) {
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+	key := ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}
+
+	establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)
+	conn := tracker.connections[key]
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateFinWait1, conn.GetState())
+
+	// Our own ACK retransmit (same direction as originator) must not advance.
+	tracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPAck, 0)
+	require.Equal(t, TCPStateFinWait1, conn.GetState(),
+		"own ACK in FinWait1 must not advance to FinWait2")
+}
+
+func TestTCPPerStateTeardownTimeouts(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify cleanup reaps entries in each teardown state at the configured
+	// per-state timeout, not at the single handshake timeout.
+	t.Setenv(EnvTCPFinWaitTimeout, "50ms")
+	t.Setenv(EnvTCPCloseWaitTimeout, "80ms")
+	t.Setenv(EnvTCPLastAckTimeout, "30ms")
+
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+
+	// Drives a connection to the target state, forces its lastSeen well
+	// beyond the configured timeout, runs cleanup, and asserts reaping.
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		// drive takes a fresh tracker and returns the conn key after
+		// transitioning the flow into the intended teardown state.
+		drive func(t *testing.T, tr *TCPTracker, srcIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16) (ConnKey, TCPState)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "FinWait1",
+			drive: func(t *testing.T, tr *TCPTracker, srcIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16) (ConnKey, TCPState) {
+				establishConnection(t, tr, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+				tr.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0) // → FinWait1
+				return ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}, TCPStateFinWait1
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "FinWait2",
+			drive: func(t *testing.T, tr *TCPTracker, srcIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16) (ConnKey, TCPState) {
+				establishConnection(t, tr, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+				tr.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)              // FinWait1
+				require.True(t, tr.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0))   // → FinWait2
+				return ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}, TCPStateFinWait2
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "CloseWait",
+			drive: func(t *testing.T, tr *TCPTracker, srcIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16) (ConnKey, TCPState) {
+				establishConnection(t, tr, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+				require.True(t, tr.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)) // → CloseWait
+				return ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}, TCPStateCloseWait
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "LastAck",
+			drive: func(t *testing.T, tr *TCPTracker, srcIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16) (ConnKey, TCPState) {
+				establishConnection(t, tr, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+				require.True(t, tr.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)) // CloseWait
+				tr.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0)                   // → LastAck
+				return ConnKey{SrcIP: srcIP, DstIP: dstIP, SrcPort: srcPort, DstPort: dstPort}, TCPStateLastAck
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Use a unique source port per subtest so nothing aliases.
+	port := uint16(12345)
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+			defer tracker.Close()
+
+			require.Equal(t, 50*time.Millisecond, tracker.finWaitTimeout)
+			require.Equal(t, 80*time.Millisecond, tracker.closeWaitTimeout)
+			require.Equal(t, 30*time.Millisecond, tracker.lastAckTimeout)
+
+			srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+			port++
+			key, wantState := c.drive(t, tracker, srcIP, port)
+			conn := tracker.connections[key]
+			require.NotNil(t, conn)
+			require.Equal(t, wantState, conn.GetState())
+
+			// Age the entry past the largest per-state timeout.
+			conn.lastSeen.Store(time.Now().Add(-500 * time.Millisecond).UnixNano())
+			tracker.cleanup()
+			_, exists := tracker.connections[key]
+			require.False(t, exists, "%s entry should be reaped", c.name)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTCPEstablishedPSHACKInFinStates(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verifies FIN|PSH|ACK and bare ACK keepalives are not dropped in FIN
+	// teardown states, which some stacks emit during close.
+	tracker := NewTCPTracker(DefaultTCPTimeout, logger, flowLogger)
+	defer tracker.Close()
+
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")
+	srcPort := uint16(12345)
+	dstPort := uint16(80)
+
+	establishConnection(t, tracker, srcIP, dstIP, srcPort, dstPort)
+
+	// Peer FIN -> CloseWait.
+	require.True(t, tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPAck, 0))
+
+	// Peer pushes trailing data + FIN|PSH|ACK (legal).
+	require.True(t, tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPFin|TCPPush|TCPAck, 100),
+		"FIN|PSH|ACK in CloseWait must be accepted")
+
+	// Bare ACK keepalive from peer in CloseWait must be accepted.
+	require.True(t, tracker.IsValidInbound(dstIP, srcIP, dstPort, srcPort, TCPAck, 0),
+		"bare ACK in CloseWait must be accepted")
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/udp.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/udp.go
index a3b6a418b..335c5832a 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/udp.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack/udp.go
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ const (
 	DefaultUDPTimeout = 30 * time.Second
 	// UDPCleanupInterval is how often we check for stale connections
 	UDPCleanupInterval = 15 * time.Second
+
+	// EnvUDPMaxEntries caps the UDP conntrack table size.
+	EnvUDPMaxEntries = "NB_CONNTRACK_UDP_MAX"
 )
 
 // UDPConnTrack represents a UDP connection state
@@ -34,6 +37,7 @@ type UDPTracker struct {
 	cleanupTicker *time.Ticker
 	tickerCancel  context.CancelFunc
 	mutex         sync.RWMutex
+	maxEntries    int
 	flowLogger    nftypes.FlowLogger
 }
 
@@ -51,6 +55,7 @@ func NewUDPTracker(timeout time.Duration, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftyp
 		timeout:       timeout,
 		cleanupTicker: time.NewTicker(UDPCleanupInterval),
 		tickerCancel:  cancel,
+		maxEntries:    envInt(logger, EnvUDPMaxEntries, DefaultMaxUDPEntries),
 		flowLogger:    flowLogger,
 	}
 
@@ -117,13 +122,18 @@ func (t *UDPTracker) track(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort uint16, d
 	conn.UpdateCounters(direction, size)
 
 	t.mutex.Lock()
+	if t.maxEntries > 0 && len(t.connections) >= t.maxEntries {
+		t.evictOneLocked()
+	}
 	t.connections[key] = conn
 	t.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if origPort != 0 {
-		t.logger.Trace4("New %s UDP connection: %s (port DNAT %d -> %d)", direction, key, origPort, dstPort)
-	} else {
-		t.logger.Trace2("New %s UDP connection: %s", direction, key)
+	if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		if origPort != 0 {
+			t.logger.Trace4("New %s UDP connection: %s (port DNAT %d -> %d)", direction, key, origPort, dstPort)
+		} else {
+			t.logger.Trace2("New %s UDP connection: %s", direction, key)
+		}
 	}
 	t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, conn, ruleID)
 }
@@ -151,6 +161,34 @@ func (t *UDPTracker) IsValidInbound(srcIP netip.Addr, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort
 	return true
 }
 
+// evictOneLocked removes one entry to make room. Caller must hold t.mutex.
+// Bounded sample: picks the oldest among up to evictSampleSize entries.
+func (t *UDPTracker) evictOneLocked() {
+	var candKey ConnKey
+	var candSeen int64
+	haveCand := false
+	sampled := 0
+
+	for k, c := range t.connections {
+		seen := c.lastSeen.Load()
+		if !haveCand || seen < candSeen {
+			candKey = k
+			candSeen = seen
+			haveCand = true
+		}
+		sampled++
+		if sampled >= evictSampleSize {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if haveCand {
+		if evicted := t.connections[candKey]; evicted != nil {
+			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, evicted, nil)
+		}
+		delete(t.connections, candKey)
+	}
+}
+
 // cleanupRoutine periodically removes stale connections
 func (t *UDPTracker) cleanupRoutine(ctx context.Context) {
 	defer t.cleanupTicker.Stop()
@@ -173,8 +211,10 @@ func (t *UDPTracker) cleanup() {
 		if conn.timeoutExceeded(t.timeout) {
 			delete(t.connections, key)
 
-			t.logger.Trace5("Removed UDP connection %s (timeout) [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
-				key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+			if t.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+				t.logger.Trace5("Removed UDP connection %s (timeout) [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]",
+					key, conn.PacketsRx.Load(), conn.BytesRx.Load(), conn.PacketsTx.Load(), conn.BytesTx.Load())
+			}
 			t.sendEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, conn, nil)
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter.go
index 24b3d0167..5e1366c1f 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"slices"
@@ -18,15 +17,20 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/gopacket"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
 
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/firewalld"
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/common"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder"
 	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	nbid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
@@ -35,8 +39,10 @@ import (
 const (
 	layerTypeAll = 255
 
-	// ipTCPHeaderMinSize represents minimum IP (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation
-	ipTCPHeaderMinSize = 40
+	// ipv4TCPHeaderMinSize represents minimum IPv4 (20) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation
+	ipv4TCPHeaderMinSize = 40
+	// ipv6TCPHeaderMinSize represents minimum IPv6 (40) + TCP (20) header size for MSS calculation
+	ipv6TCPHeaderMinSize = 60
 )
 
 // serviceKey represents a protocol/port combination for netstack service registry
@@ -55,7 +61,10 @@ const (
 	// EnvDisableMSSClamping disables TCP MSS clamping for forwarded traffic.
 	EnvDisableMSSClamping = "NB_DISABLE_MSS_CLAMPING"
 
-	// EnvForceUserspaceRouter forces userspace routing even if native routing is available.
+	// EnvForceUserspaceRouter is a deprecated alias for
+	// NB_FORCE_USERSPACE_FIREWALL: the userspace firewall always routes in
+	// userspace, so forcing one forces the other. Kept for backward
+	// compatibility.
 	EnvForceUserspaceRouter = "NB_FORCE_USERSPACE_ROUTER"
 
 	// EnvEnableLocalForwarding enables forwarding of local traffic to the native stack for internal (non-NetBird) interfaces.
@@ -67,14 +76,20 @@ const (
 	EnvEnableNetstackLocalForwarding = "NB_ENABLE_NETSTACK_LOCAL_FORWARDING"
 )
 
-var errNatNotSupported = errors.New("nat not supported with userspace firewall")
+// errNotSupported is returned by firewall operations that only make sense with
+// a kernel firewall (kernel NAT/DNAT, eBPF) and are not implemented in
+// userspace mode, where they should not be called.
+var errNotSupported = errors.New("not supported with userspace firewall")
 
-// RuleSet is a set of rules grouped by a string key
-type RuleSet map[string]PeerRule
+// peerRules is the canonical list-based storage for peer ACL rules.
+// Drop and accept rules live in separate slices; drop-before-accept
+// ordering comes from consulting the deny slice (and its index) before
+// the accept one.
+type peerRules []*PeerRule
 
-type RouteRules []*RouteRule
+type routeRules []*RouteRule
 
-func (r RouteRules) Sort() {
+func (r routeRules) Sort() {
 	slices.SortStableFunc(r, func(a, b *RouteRule) int {
 		// Deny rules come first
 		if a.action == firewall.ActionDrop && b.action != firewall.ActionDrop {
@@ -83,22 +98,74 @@ func (r RouteRules) Sort() {
 		if a.action != firewall.ActionDrop && b.action == firewall.ActionDrop {
 			return 1
 		}
-		return strings.Compare(a.id, b.id)
+		return strings.Compare(string(a.id), string(b.id))
 	})
 }
 
+// peerRuleSpec carries the parameters that define a peer filter rule,
+// threaded together through the build path so the builders take a single
+// argument instead of a long parameter list.
+type peerRuleSpec struct {
+	mgmtID  []byte
+	sources []netip.Prefix
+	ipLayer gopacket.LayerType
+	proto   firewall.Protocol
+	sPort   *firewall.Port
+	dPort   *firewall.Port
+	action  firewall.Action
+}
+
+// Iface is the network interface the userspace firewall attaches to: the
+// methods of the WireGuard device it actually uses.
+type Iface interface {
+	Name() string
+	Address() wgaddr.Address
+	SetFilter(device.PacketFilter) error
+	GetWGDevice() *wgdevice.Device
+}
+
+// InterfaceAllower opens the NetBird interface in the host firewall so it
+// doesn't drop traffic the userspace firewall handles, without taking over
+// packet filtering. Implementations (nftables, iptables, firewalld, the windows
+// netsh rule) are selected per platform and injected into Create; Apply runs at
+// creation and Close on teardown.
+type InterfaceAllower interface {
+	Apply() error
+	Close() error
+}
+
+// Config holds the dependencies and options for the userspace firewall.
+type Config struct {
+	// IFace is the overlay interface the filter attaches to.
+	IFace Iface
+	// InterfaceAllower opens the NetBird interface in foreign kernel filter
+	// chains so the kernel doesn't drop traffic the userspace firewall handles.
+	// Nil in netstack mode, on non-Linux platforms without a backend, or when
+	// neither nftables nor iptables is available. firewalld trust is applied by
+	// the manager regardless, since firewalld owns its own chains and we cannot
+	// insert into them.
+	InterfaceAllower InterfaceAllower
+	// DisableServerRoutes indicates whether server routes are disabled.
+	DisableServerRoutes bool
+	FlowLogger          nftypes.FlowLogger
+	MTU                 uint16
+}
+
 // Manager userspace firewall manager
 type Manager struct {
-	outgoingRules     map[netip.Addr]RuleSet
-	incomingDenyRules map[netip.Addr]RuleSet
-	incomingRules     map[netip.Addr]RuleSet
-	routeRules        RouteRules
-	routeRulesMap     map[nbid.RuleID]*RouteRule
-	decoders          sync.Pool
-	wgIface           common.IFaceMapper
-	nativeFirewall    firewall.Manager
+	decoders     sync.Pool
+	wgIface      Iface
+	ifaceAllower InterfaceAllower
+	mutex        sync.RWMutex
 
-	mutex sync.RWMutex
+	incomingDenyRules   peerRules
+	incomingAcceptRules peerRules
+	incomingDenyIndex   peerRuleIndex
+	incomingAcceptIndex peerRuleIndex
+	peerRulesMap        map[nbid.RuleID]*PeerRule
+
+	routeRules    routeRules
+	routeRulesMap map[nbid.RuleID]*RouteRule
 
 	// indicates whether server routes are disabled
 	disableServerRoutes bool
@@ -115,14 +182,16 @@ type Manager struct {
 
 	localipmanager *localIPManager
 
-	udpTracker  *conntrack.UDPTracker
-	icmpTracker *conntrack.ICMPTracker
-	tcpTracker  *conntrack.TCPTracker
-	forwarder   atomic.Pointer[forwarder.Forwarder]
-	logger      *nblog.Logger
-	flowLogger  nftypes.FlowLogger
+	udpTracker     *conntrack.UDPTracker
+	icmpTracker    *conntrack.ICMPTracker
+	tcpTracker     *conntrack.TCPTracker
+	fragments      *fragmentTracker
+	forwarder      atomic.Pointer[forwarder.Forwarder]
+	pendingCapture atomic.Pointer[forwarder.PacketCapture]
+	logger         *nblog.Logger
+	flowLogger     nftypes.FlowLogger
 
-	blockRule firewall.Rule
+	blockRules []firewall.Rule
 
 	// Internal 1:1 DNAT
 	dnatEnabled  atomic.Bool
@@ -137,9 +206,10 @@ type Manager struct {
 	netstackServices     map[serviceKey]struct{}
 	netstackServiceMutex sync.RWMutex
 
-	mtu             uint16
-	mssClampValue   uint16
-	mssClampEnabled bool
+	mtu               uint16
+	mssClampValueIPv4 uint16
+	mssClampValueIPv6 uint16
+	mssClampEnabled   bool
 
 	// Only one hook per protocol is supported. Outbound direction only.
 	udpHookOut atomic.Pointer[common.PacketHook]
@@ -156,27 +226,61 @@ type decoder struct {
 	icmp4   layers.ICMPv4
 	icmp6   layers.ICMPv6
 	decoded []gopacket.LayerType
-	parser  *gopacket.DecodingLayerParser
+	parser4 *gopacket.DecodingLayerParser
+	parser6 *gopacket.DecodingLayerParser
 
 	dnatOrigPort uint16
 }
 
-// Create userspace firewall manager constructor
-func Create(iface common.IFaceMapper, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
-	return create(iface, nil, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
+// decodePacket decodes packet data using the appropriate parser based on IP version.
+func (d *decoder) decodePacket(data []byte) error {
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("empty packet")
+	}
+	version := data[0] >> 4
+	switch version {
+	case 4:
+		return d.parser4.DecodeLayers(data, &d.decoded)
+	case 6:
+		return d.parser6.DecodeLayers(data, &d.decoded)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown IP version %d", version)
+	}
 }
 
-func CreateWithNativeFirewall(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
-	if nativeFirewall == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("native firewall is nil")
+// decodeTransport decodes the transport header of a first fragment (which
+// gopacket leaves undecoded) into the decoder and appends its layer type to
+// decoded, so the ACL pipeline can evaluate it like a normal packet. It returns
+// false if the protocol is unsupported or the header is truncated.
+func (d *decoder) decodeTransport(proto layers.IPProtocol, payload []byte) bool {
+	var l4 gopacket.DecodingLayer
+	var layerType gopacket.LayerType
+	var minLen int
+	switch proto {
+	case layers.IPProtocolTCP:
+		l4, layerType, minLen = &d.tcp, layers.LayerTypeTCP, 20
+	case layers.IPProtocolUDP:
+		l4, layerType, minLen = &d.udp, layers.LayerTypeUDP, 8
+	case layers.IPProtocolICMPv4:
+		l4, layerType, minLen = &d.icmp4, layers.LayerTypeICMPv4, 8
+	case layers.IPProtocolICMPv6:
+		l4, layerType, minLen = &d.icmp6, layers.LayerTypeICMPv6, 8
+	default:
+		return false
 	}
 
-	mgr, err := create(iface, nativeFirewall, disableServerRoutes, flowLogger, mtu)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	// Reject a fragment too small to hold the full transport header before
+	// decoding: it can't be ACL-evaluated (tiny-fragment attack), and skipping
+	// the decode avoids gopacket allocating an error on the drop path.
+	if len(payload) < minLen {
+		return false
 	}
 
-	return mgr, nil
+	if err := l4.DecodeFromBytes(payload, gopacket.NilDecodeFeedback); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	d.decoded = append(d.decoded, layerType)
+	return true
 }
 
 func parseCreateEnv() (bool, bool, bool) {
@@ -209,7 +313,7 @@ func parseCreateEnv() (bool, bool, bool) {
 	return disableConntrack, enableLocalForwarding, disableMSSClamping
 }
 
-func create(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableServerRoutes bool, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, mtu uint16) (*Manager, error) {
+func Create(cfg Config) (_ *Manager, err error) {
 	disableConntrack, enableLocalForwarding, disableMSSClamping := parseCreateEnv()
 
 	m := &Manager{
@@ -218,66 +322,160 @@ func create(iface common.IFaceMapper, nativeFirewall firewall.Manager, disableSe
 				d := &decoder{
 					decoded: []gopacket.LayerType{},
 				}
-				d.parser = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+				d.parser4 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
 					layers.LayerTypeIPv4,
 					&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
 				)
-				d.parser.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+				d.parser4.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+
+				d.parser6 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+					layers.LayerTypeIPv6,
+					&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
+				)
+				d.parser6.IgnoreUnsupported = true
 				return d
 			},
 		},
-		nativeFirewall:      nativeFirewall,
-		outgoingRules:       make(map[netip.Addr]RuleSet),
-		incomingDenyRules:   make(map[netip.Addr]RuleSet),
-		incomingRules:       make(map[netip.Addr]RuleSet),
-		wgIface:             iface,
+		wgIface:             cfg.IFace,
+		ifaceAllower:        cfg.InterfaceAllower,
 		localipmanager:      newLocalIPManager(),
-		disableServerRoutes: disableServerRoutes,
+		disableServerRoutes: cfg.DisableServerRoutes,
 		stateful:            !disableConntrack,
 		logger:              nblog.NewFromLogrus(log.StandardLogger()),
-		flowLogger:          flowLogger,
+		flowLogger:          cfg.FlowLogger,
 		netstack:            netstack.IsEnabled(),
 		localForwarding:     enableLocalForwarding,
+		peerRulesMap:        make(map[nbid.RuleID]*PeerRule),
 		routeRulesMap:       make(map[nbid.RuleID]*RouteRule),
 		dnatMappings:        make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr),
 		portDNATRules:       []portDNATRule{},
 		netstackServices:    make(map[serviceKey]struct{}),
-		mtu:                 mtu,
+		mtu:                 cfg.MTU,
 	}
 	m.routingEnabled.Store(false)
 
+	// Release the allower (and its monitor) if setup fails after it was wired in.
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			m.closeAllowerOnError()
+		}
+	}()
+
 	if !disableMSSClamping {
-		m.mssClampEnabled = true
-		m.mssClampValue = mtu - ipTCPHeaderMinSize
+		m.enableMSSClamping(cfg.MTU)
 	}
-	if err := m.localipmanager.UpdateLocalIPs(iface); err != nil {
+	if err := m.localipmanager.UpdateLocalIPs(cfg.IFace); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("update local IPs: %w", err)
 	}
-	if disableConntrack {
-		log.Info("conntrack is disabled")
-	} else {
-		m.udpTracker = conntrack.NewUDPTracker(conntrack.DefaultUDPTimeout, m.logger, flowLogger)
-		m.icmpTracker = conntrack.NewICMPTracker(conntrack.DefaultICMPTimeout, m.logger, flowLogger)
-		m.tcpTracker = conntrack.NewTCPTracker(conntrack.DefaultTCPTimeout, m.logger, flowLogger)
-	}
+	m.fragments = newFragmentTracker(m.logger)
+	m.setupConntrack(disableConntrack)
 	if m.netstack && m.localForwarding {
 		if err := m.initForwarder(); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to initialize forwarder: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
-	if err := iface.SetFilter(m); err != nil {
+	if err := cfg.IFace.SetFilter(m); err != nil {
+		m.fragments.Close()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set filter: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	m.openHostFirewall(cfg.IFace.Name())
+
 	return m, nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) blockInvalidRouted(iface common.IFaceMapper) (firewall.Rule, error) {
+// closeAllowerOnError releases the allower (and its monitor) when Create fails
+// after the allower was wired in.
+func (m *Manager) closeAllowerOnError() {
+	if m.ifaceAllower == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := m.ifaceAllower.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("close interface allower after failed firewall setup: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// enableMSSClamping enables MSS clamping and computes the per-family clamp values.
+func (m *Manager) enableMSSClamping(mtu uint16) {
+	m.mssClampEnabled = true
+	if mtu > ipv4TCPHeaderMinSize {
+		m.mssClampValueIPv4 = mtu - ipv4TCPHeaderMinSize
+	}
+	if mtu > ipv6TCPHeaderMinSize {
+		m.mssClampValueIPv6 = mtu - ipv6TCPHeaderMinSize
+	}
+}
+
+// setupConntrack initializes the stateful trackers unless conntrack is disabled.
+func (m *Manager) setupConntrack(disabled bool) {
+	if disabled {
+		log.Info("conntrack is disabled")
+		return
+	}
+	m.udpTracker = conntrack.NewUDPTracker(conntrack.DefaultUDPTimeout, m.logger, m.flowLogger)
+	m.icmpTracker = conntrack.NewICMPTracker(conntrack.DefaultICMPTimeout, m.logger, m.flowLogger)
+	m.tcpTracker = conntrack.NewTCPTracker(conntrack.DefaultTCPTimeout, m.logger, m.flowLogger)
+}
+
+// openHostFirewall opens the NetBird interface in the kernel firewall so it
+// doesn't drop traffic the userspace firewall handles. Best-effort: failures
+// here shouldn't prevent the firewall from coming up.
+func (m *Manager) openHostFirewall(ifaceName string) {
+	if m.ifaceAllower != nil {
+		if err := m.ifaceAllower.Apply(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to allow netbird interface traffic: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	// firewalld owns its own chains we can't insert into, so trust the interface
+	// there in addition to the allower. Netstack has no kernel interface.
+	if !m.netstack {
+		if err := firewalld.TrustInterface(ifaceName); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to trust interface in firewalld: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Close cleans up the firewall manager: removes rules, closes trackers, and
+// closes the interface allower.
+func (m *Manager) Close(*statemanager.Manager) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	m.resetState()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	if m.ifaceAllower != nil {
+		if err := m.ifaceAllower.Close(); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("close interface allower: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	if !m.netstack {
+		if err := firewalld.UntrustInterface(m.wgIface.Name()); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("untrust interface in firewalld: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// blockInvalidRouted installs drop rules for traffic to the wg overlay that
+// arrives via the routing path. v4 and v6 are independent: a v6 install
+// failure leaves v4 protection in place (and vice versa) so the returned
+// slice always contains whatever was successfully installed, even on error.
+// Callers must persist the slice so DisableRouting can clean partial state.
+func (m *Manager) blockInvalidRouted(iface Iface) ([]firewall.Rule, error) {
 	wgPrefix := iface.Address().Network
 	log.Debugf("blocking invalid routed traffic for %s", wgPrefix)
 
-	rule, err := m.addRouteFiltering(
+	sources := []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)}
+	v6Net := iface.Address().IPv6Net
+	if v6Net.IsValid() {
+		sources = append(sources, netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0))
+	}
+
+	var rules []firewall.Rule
+	v4Rule, err := m.addRouteRule(
 		nil,
-		[]netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)},
+		sources,
 		firewall.Network{Prefix: wgPrefix},
 		firewall.ProtocolALL,
 		nil,
@@ -285,29 +483,41 @@ func (m *Manager) blockInvalidRouted(iface common.IFaceMapper) (firewall.Rule, e
 		firewall.ActionDrop,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("block wg nte : %w", err)
+		return rules, fmt.Errorf("block wg v4 net: %w", err)
+	}
+	rules = append(rules, v4Rule)
+
+	if v6Net.IsValid() {
+		log.Debugf("blocking invalid routed traffic for %s", v6Net)
+		v6Rule, err := m.addRouteRule(
+			nil,
+			sources,
+			firewall.Network{Prefix: v6Net},
+			firewall.ProtocolALL,
+			nil,
+			nil,
+			firewall.ActionDrop,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return rules, fmt.Errorf("block wg v6 net: %w", err)
+		}
+		rules = append(rules, v6Rule)
 	}
 
 	// TODO: Block networks that we're a client of
 
-	return rule, nil
+	return rules, nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) determineRouting() error {
-	var disableUspRouting, forceUserspaceRouter bool
-	var err error
+	var disableUspRouting bool
 	if val := os.Getenv(EnvDisableUserspaceRouting); val != "" {
+		var err error
 		disableUspRouting, err = strconv.ParseBool(val)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", EnvDisableUserspaceRouting, err)
 		}
 	}
-	if val := os.Getenv(EnvForceUserspaceRouter); val != "" {
-		forceUserspaceRouter, err = strconv.ParseBool(val)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", EnvForceUserspaceRouter, err)
-		}
-	}
 
 	switch {
 	case disableUspRouting:
@@ -322,26 +532,11 @@ func (m *Manager) determineRouting() error {
 
 		log.Info("server routes are disabled")
 
-	case forceUserspaceRouter:
-		m.routingEnabled.Store(true)
-		m.nativeRouter.Store(false)
-
-		log.Info("userspace routing is forced")
-
-	case !m.netstack && m.nativeFirewall != nil:
-		// if the OS supports routing natively, then we don't need to filter/route ourselves
-		// netstack mode won't support native routing as there is no interface
-
-		m.routingEnabled.Store(true)
-		m.nativeRouter.Store(true)
-
-		log.Info("native routing is enabled")
-
 	default:
 		m.routingEnabled.Store(true)
 		m.nativeRouter.Store(false)
 
-		log.Info("userspace routing enabled by default")
+		log.Info("userspace routing enabled")
 	}
 
 	if m.routingEnabled.Load() && !m.nativeRouter.Load() {
@@ -351,6 +546,19 @@ func (m *Manager) determineRouting() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// SetPacketCapture sets or clears packet capture on the forwarder endpoint.
+// This captures outbound response packets that bypass the FilteredDevice in netstack mode.
+func (m *Manager) SetPacketCapture(pc forwarder.PacketCapture) {
+	if pc == nil {
+		m.pendingCapture.Store(nil)
+	} else {
+		m.pendingCapture.Store(&pc)
+	}
+	if fwder := m.forwarder.Load(); fwder != nil {
+		fwder.SetCapture(pc)
+	}
+}
+
 // initForwarder initializes the forwarder, it disables routing on errors
 func (m *Manager) initForwarder() error {
 	if m.forwarder.Load() != nil {
@@ -372,6 +580,11 @@ func (m *Manager) initForwarder() error {
 
 	m.forwarder.Store(forwarder)
 
+	// Re-load after store: a concurrent SetPacketCapture may have seen forwarder as nil and only updated pendingCapture.
+	if pc := m.pendingCapture.Load(); pc != nil {
+		forwarder.SetCapture(*pc)
+	}
+
 	log.Debug("forwarder initialized")
 
 	return nil
@@ -389,96 +602,118 @@ func (m *Manager) IsStateful() bool {
 	return m.stateful
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) AddNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
-		return m.nativeFirewall.AddNatRule(pair)
-	}
-
+func (m *Manager) AddNatRule(firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	// userspace routed packets are always SNATed to the inbound direction
 	// TODO: implement outbound SNAT
 	return nil
 }
 
 // RemoveNatRule removes a routing firewall rule
-func (m *Manager) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
-	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
-		return m.nativeFirewall.RemoveNatRule(pair)
-	}
+func (m *Manager) RemoveNatRule(firewall.RouterPair) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// AddPeerFiltering rule to the firewall
-//
-// If comment argument is empty firewall manager should set
-// rule ID as comment for the rule
-func (m *Manager) AddPeerFiltering(
+// addPeerRule installs an input-chain rule that matches packets
+// by source only. Called from AddFilterRule when the caller doesn't
+// specify a destination. Sources are expected to share one address
+// family; the family selects the ipLayer so the ICMP variant matches
+// what the decoder produces.
+func (m *Manager) addPeerRule(
 	id []byte,
-	ip net.IP,
+	sources []netip.Prefix,
 	proto firewall.Protocol,
 	sPort *firewall.Port,
 	dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
-	_ string,
-) ([]firewall.Rule, error) {
-	// TODO: fix in upper layers
-	i, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP: %s", ip)
-	}
-
-	i = i.Unmap()
-	r := PeerRule{
-		id:        uuid.New().String(),
-		mgmtId:    id,
-		ip:        i,
-		ipLayer:   layers.LayerTypeIPv6,
-		matchByIP: true,
-		drop:      action == firewall.ActionDrop,
-	}
-	if i.Is4() {
-		r.ipLayer = layers.LayerTypeIPv4
-	}
-
-	if s := r.ip.String(); s == "0.0.0.0" || s == "::" {
-		r.matchByIP = false
-	}
-
-	r.sPort = sPort
-	r.dPort = dPort
-
-	r.protoLayer = protoToLayer(proto, r.ipLayer)
-
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	var targetMap map[netip.Addr]RuleSet
-	if r.drop {
-		targetMap = m.incomingDenyRules
-	} else {
-		targetMap = m.incomingRules
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := targetMap[r.ip]; !ok {
-		targetMap[r.ip] = make(RuleSet)
-	}
-	targetMap[r.ip][r.id] = r
-	m.mutex.Unlock()
-	return []firewall.Rule{&r}, nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) AddRouteFiltering(
-	id []byte,
-	sources []netip.Prefix,
-	destination firewall.Network,
-	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	return m.addRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	// Sources are a single family; normalize v4-mapped prefixes to plain
+	// v4 and pick the matching IP layer. A /0 source matches any address
+	// of its own family only, mirroring the kernel backends.
+	normalized := make([]netip.Prefix, len(sources))
+	ipLayer := layers.LayerTypeIPv4
+	for i, p := range sources {
+		normalized[i] = firewall.UnmapPrefix(p)
+		if normalized[i].Addr().Is6() {
+			ipLayer = layers.LayerTypeIPv6
+		}
+	}
+	spec := peerRuleSpec{
+		mgmtID:  id,
+		sources: normalized,
+		ipLayer: ipLayer,
+		proto:   proto,
+		sPort:   sPort,
+		dPort:   dPort,
+		action:  action,
+	}
+	return m.addOnePeerRule(spec), nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) addRouteFiltering(
+// addOnePeerRule builds and registers a single-family peer rule, or
+// returns the existing rule when one with the same content key is
+// already installed. The caller must hold m.mutex. The content key is
+// the shared GenerateRuleID with an empty destination, so peer rules
+// dedup the same way route rules and the kernel backends do; it is
+// order-independent, so callers passing the same sources in any order
+// dedup to one rule.
+//
+// There is no refcount: a content key is installed once and deleted on
+// the first DeleteFilterRule for that key. The caller must therefore
+// key its own tracking by the returned rule id so add and delete stay
+// balanced per content key; the acl manager does this via
+// peerRulesPairs.
+func (m *Manager) addOnePeerRule(spec peerRuleSpec) *PeerRule {
+	ruleID := nbid.GenerateRuleID(spec.sources, firewall.Network{}, spec.proto, spec.sPort, spec.dPort, spec.action)
+	if existing, ok := m.peerRulesMap[ruleID]; ok {
+		return existing
+	}
+
+	rule := m.buildPeerRule(ruleID, spec)
+	m.registerPeerRule(rule)
+	return rule
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) buildPeerRule(ruleID nbid.RuleID, spec peerRuleSpec) *PeerRule {
+	r := &PeerRule{
+		id:      ruleID,
+		mgmtId:  spec.mgmtID,
+		sources: spec.sources,
+		action:  spec.action,
+		srcPort: spec.sPort,
+		dstPort: spec.dPort,
+	}
+	r.sourceAddrs = make(map[netip.Addr]struct{}, len(spec.sources))
+	for _, p := range spec.sources {
+		if p.Bits() == p.Addr().BitLen() {
+			r.sourceAddrs[p.Addr()] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	r.protoLayer = protoToLayer(spec.proto, spec.ipLayer)
+	return r
+}
+
+// registerPeerRule records a freshly built peer rule in the matching
+// slice, index, and dedup map. The caller must hold m.mutex.
+func (m *Manager) registerPeerRule(r *PeerRule) {
+	if r.action == firewall.ActionDrop {
+		m.incomingDenyRules = append(m.incomingDenyRules, r)
+		m.incomingDenyIndex.add(r)
+	} else {
+		m.incomingAcceptRules = append(m.incomingAcceptRules, r)
+		m.incomingAcceptIndex.add(r)
+	}
+	m.peerRulesMap[r.id] = r
+}
+
+// AddFilterRule is the unified entry point for both peer (input chain)
+// and route (forward chain) filtering rules. The destination
+// distinguishes the two semantics: a zero Network installs an
+// input-side rule that matches by source only; a set Network installs
+// a forward-side rule that also matches the destination.
+func (m *Manager) AddFilterRule(
 	id []byte,
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
 	destination firewall.Network,
@@ -486,23 +721,53 @@ func (m *Manager) addRouteFiltering(
 	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
 	action firewall.Action,
 ) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
-		return m.nativeFirewall.AddRouteFiltering(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	if len(sources) == 0 {
+		return nil, firewall.ErrNoSources
 	}
 
-	ruleKey := nbid.GenerateRouteRuleKey(sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	if destination.IsZero() {
+		return m.addPeerRule(id, sources, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	}
 
-	if existingRule, ok := m.routeRulesMap[ruleKey]; ok {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+	return m.addRouteRule(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+}
+
+// DeleteFilterRule deletes a filtering rule. The rule's underlying type
+// is used to route to the correct internal path.
+func (m *Manager) DeleteFilterRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if r, ok := rule.(*PeerRule); ok {
+		return m.deletePeerRuleLocked(r)
+	}
+
+	// Anything else is a route rule (matched on the forward path).
+	return m.deleteRouteRule(rule)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) addRouteRule(
+	id []byte,
+	sources []netip.Prefix,
+	destination firewall.Network,
+	proto firewall.Protocol,
+	sPort, dPort *firewall.Port,
+	action firewall.Action,
+) (firewall.Rule, error) {
+	ruleID := nbid.GenerateRuleID(sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+
+	if existingRule, ok := m.routeRulesMap[ruleID]; ok {
 		return existingRule, nil
 	}
 
 	rule := RouteRule{
-		// TODO: consolidate these IDs
-		id:         string(ruleKey),
+		id:         ruleID,
 		mgmtId:     id,
 		sources:    sources,
 		dstSet:     destination.Set,
-		protoLayer: protoToLayer(proto, layers.LayerTypeIPv4),
+		protoLayer: protoToLayer(proto, ipLayerFromPrefix(destination.Prefix)),
 		srcPort:    sPort,
 		dstPort:    dPort,
 		action:     action,
@@ -513,78 +778,58 @@ func (m *Manager) addRouteFiltering(
 
 	m.routeRules = append(m.routeRules, &rule)
 	m.routeRules.Sort()
-	m.routeRulesMap[ruleKey] = &rule
+	m.routeRulesMap[ruleID] = &rule
 
 	return &rule, nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) DeleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	return m.deleteRouteRule(rule)
-}
-
 func (m *Manager) deleteRouteRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
-		return m.nativeFirewall.DeleteRouteRule(rule)
+	ruleID := rule.ID()
+	trimmed, _, ok := removeRuleByID(m.routeRules, ruleID)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("route rule not found: %s", ruleID)
 	}
-
-	ruleKey := nbid.RuleID(rule.ID())
-	if _, ok := m.routeRulesMap[ruleKey]; !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("route rule not found: %s", ruleKey)
-	}
-
-	idx := slices.IndexFunc(m.routeRules, func(r *RouteRule) bool {
-		return r.id == string(ruleKey)
-	})
-	if idx < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("route rule not found in slice: %s", ruleKey)
-	}
-
-	m.routeRules = slices.Delete(m.routeRules, idx, idx+1)
-	delete(m.routeRulesMap, ruleKey)
+	m.routeRules = trimmed
+	delete(m.routeRulesMap, ruleID)
 	return nil
 }
 
-// DeletePeerRule from the firewall by rule definition
-func (m *Manager) DeletePeerRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+// deletePeerRuleLocked removes a peer rule from the matching slice,
+// index, and dedup map. The caller must hold m.mutex.
+func (m *Manager) deletePeerRuleLocked(r *PeerRule) error {
+	target, index := &m.incomingAcceptRules, &m.incomingAcceptIndex
+	if r.action == firewall.ActionDrop {
+		target, index = &m.incomingDenyRules, &m.incomingDenyIndex
+	}
 
-	r, ok := rule.(*PeerRule)
+	trimmed, stored, ok := removeRuleByID(*target, r.id)
 	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete rule: invalid rule type: %T", rule)
-	}
-
-	var sourceMap map[netip.Addr]RuleSet
-	if r.drop {
-		sourceMap = m.incomingDenyRules
-	} else {
-		sourceMap = m.incomingRules
-	}
-
-	if ruleset, ok := sourceMap[r.ip]; ok {
-		if _, exists := ruleset[r.id]; !exists {
-			return fmt.Errorf("delete rule: no rule with such id: %v", r.id)
-		}
-		delete(ruleset, r.id)
-		if len(ruleset) == 0 {
-			delete(sourceMap, r.ip)
-		}
-	} else {
 		return fmt.Errorf("delete rule: no rule with such id: %v", r.id)
 	}
-
+	*target = trimmed
+	index.remove(stored)
+	delete(m.peerRulesMap, r.id)
 	return nil
 }
 
-// SetLegacyManagement doesn't need to be implemented for this manager
-func (m *Manager) SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy bool) error {
-	if m.nativeFirewall == nil {
-		return nil
+// removeRuleByID removes the first rule whose id matches ruleID from
+// rules, preserving order. It returns the trimmed slice, the removed
+// rule, and whether a match was found.
+func removeRuleByID[S ~[]T, T firewall.Rule](rules S, ruleID firewall.RuleID) (S, T, bool) {
+	idx := slices.IndexFunc(rules, func(r T) bool { return r.ID() == ruleID })
+	var removed T
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return rules, removed, false
 	}
-	return m.nativeFirewall.SetLegacyManagement(isLegacy)
+	removed = rules[idx]
+	return slices.Delete(rules, idx, idx+1), removed, true
+}
+
+// SetLegacyManagement is a no-op for the userspace firewall: it only matters
+// when an old management server can't send route firewall rules, which the
+// userspace router doesn't rely on.
+func (m *Manager) SetLegacyManagement(bool) error {
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Flush doesn't need to be implemented for this manager
@@ -593,11 +838,14 @@ func (m *Manager) Flush() error { return nil }
 // resetState clears all firewall rules and closes connection trackers.
 // Must be called with m.mutex held.
 func (m *Manager) resetState() {
-	maps.Clear(m.outgoingRules)
-	maps.Clear(m.incomingDenyRules)
-	maps.Clear(m.incomingRules)
-	maps.Clear(m.routeRulesMap)
+	m.incomingDenyRules = m.incomingDenyRules[:0]
+	m.incomingAcceptRules = m.incomingAcceptRules[:0]
+	m.incomingDenyIndex.reset()
+	m.incomingAcceptIndex.reset()
+	clear(m.peerRulesMap)
+	clear(m.routeRulesMap)
 	m.routeRules = m.routeRules[:0]
+	m.blockRules = nil
 	m.udpHookOut.Store(nil)
 	m.tcpHookOut.Store(nil)
 
@@ -613,7 +861,12 @@ func (m *Manager) resetState() {
 		m.tcpTracker.Close()
 	}
 
+	if m.fragments != nil {
+		m.fragments.Close()
+	}
+
 	if fwder := m.forwarder.Load(); fwder != nil {
+		fwder.SetCapture(nil)
 		fwder.Stop()
 	}
 
@@ -626,21 +879,15 @@ func (m *Manager) resetState() {
 	}
 }
 
-// SetupEBPFProxyNoTrack creates notrack rules for eBPF proxy loopback traffic.
-func (m *Manager) SetupEBPFProxyNoTrack(proxyPort, wgPort uint16) error {
-	if m.nativeFirewall == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return m.nativeFirewall.SetupEBPFProxyNoTrack(proxyPort, wgPort)
+// SetupEBPFProxyNoTrack is not supported by the userspace firewall: eBPF isn't
+// used in userspace mode, so this should never be called.
+func (m *Manager) SetupEBPFProxyNoTrack(uint16, uint16) error {
+	return errNotSupported
 }
 
 // UpdateSet updates the rule destinations associated with the given set
 // by merging the existing prefixes with the new ones, then deduplicating.
 func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
-	if m.nativeRouter.Load() && m.nativeFirewall != nil {
-		return m.nativeFirewall.UpdateSet(set, prefixes)
-	}
-
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
@@ -656,11 +903,7 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateSet(set firewall.Set, prefixes []netip.Prefix) error {
 	}
 
 	destinations := matches[0].destinations
-	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
-		if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
-			destinations = append(destinations, prefix)
-		}
-	}
+	destinations = append(destinations, prefixes...)
 
 	slices.SortFunc(destinations, func(a, b netip.Prefix) int {
 		cmp := a.Addr().Compare(b.Addr())
@@ -699,7 +942,7 @@ func (m *Manager) filterOutbound(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	d := m.decoders.Get().(*decoder)
 	defer m.decoders.Put(d)
 
-	if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+	if err := d.decodePacket(packetData); err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -709,7 +952,9 @@ func (m *Manager) filterOutbound(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 
 	srcIP, dstIP := m.extractIPs(d)
 	if !srcIP.IsValid() {
-		m.logger.Error1("Unknown network layer: %v", d.decoded[0])
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelError) {
+			m.logger.Error1("Unknown network layer: %v", d.decoded[0])
+		}
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -740,11 +985,11 @@ func (m *Manager) extractIPs(d *decoder) (srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr) {
 	case layers.LayerTypeIPv4:
 		src, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(d.ip4.SrcIP)
 		dst, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(d.ip4.DstIP)
-		return src, dst
+		return src.Unmap(), dst.Unmap()
 	case layers.LayerTypeIPv6:
 		src, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(d.ip6.SrcIP)
 		dst, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(d.ip6.DstIP)
-		return src, dst
+		return src.Unmap(), dst.Unmap()
 	default:
 		return netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{}
 	}
@@ -783,12 +1028,32 @@ func (m *Manager) clampTCPMSS(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
+	var mssClampValue uint16
+	var ipHeaderSize int
+	switch d.decoded[0] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv4:
+		mssClampValue = m.mssClampValueIPv4
+		ipHeaderSize = int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
+		if ipHeaderSize < 20 {
+			return false
+		}
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv6:
+		mssClampValue = m.mssClampValueIPv6
+		ipHeaderSize = 40
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if mssClampValue == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
 	mssOptionIndex := -1
 	var currentMSS uint16
 	for i, opt := range d.tcp.Options {
 		if opt.OptionType == layers.TCPOptionKindMSS && len(opt.OptionData) == 2 {
 			currentMSS = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(opt.OptionData)
-			if currentMSS > m.mssClampValue {
+			if currentMSS > mssClampValue {
 				mssOptionIndex = i
 				break
 			}
@@ -799,20 +1064,17 @@ func (m *Manager) clampTCPMSS(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	ipHeaderSize := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
-	if ipHeaderSize < 20 {
+	if !m.updateMSSOption(packetData, d, mssOptionIndex, mssClampValue, ipHeaderSize) {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if !m.updateMSSOption(packetData, d, mssOptionIndex, ipHeaderSize) {
-		return false
+	if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		m.logger.Trace2("Clamped TCP MSS from %d to %d", currentMSS, mssClampValue)
 	}
-
-	m.logger.Trace2("Clamped TCP MSS from %d to %d", currentMSS, m.mssClampValue)
 	return true
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) updateMSSOption(packetData []byte, d *decoder, mssOptionIndex, ipHeaderSize int) bool {
+func (m *Manager) updateMSSOption(packetData []byte, d *decoder, mssOptionIndex int, mssClampValue uint16, ipHeaderSize int) bool {
 	tcpHeaderStart := ipHeaderSize
 	tcpOptionsStart := tcpHeaderStart + 20
 
@@ -827,7 +1089,7 @@ func (m *Manager) updateMSSOption(packetData []byte, d *decoder, mssOptionIndex,
 	}
 
 	mssValueOffset := optOffset + 2
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[mssValueOffset:mssValueOffset+2], m.mssClampValue)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[mssValueOffset:mssValueOffset+2], mssClampValue)
 
 	m.recalculateTCPChecksum(packetData, d, tcpHeaderStart)
 	return true
@@ -837,18 +1099,32 @@ func (m *Manager) recalculateTCPChecksum(packetData []byte, d *decoder, tcpHeade
 	tcpLayer := packetData[tcpHeaderStart:]
 	tcpLength := len(packetData) - tcpHeaderStart
 
+	// Zero out existing checksum
 	tcpLayer[16] = 0
 	tcpLayer[17] = 0
 
+	// Build pseudo-header checksum based on IP version
 	var pseudoSum uint32
-	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[0])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[1])
-	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[2])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[3])
-	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[0])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[1])
-	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[2])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[3])
-	pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.Protocol)
-	pseudoSum += uint32(tcpLength)
+	switch d.decoded[0] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv4:
+		pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[0])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[1])
+		pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[2])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.SrcIP[3])
+		pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[0])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[1])
+		pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[2])<<8 | uint32(d.ip4.DstIP[3])
+		pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip4.Protocol)
+		pseudoSum += uint32(tcpLength)
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv6:
+		for i := 0; i < 16; i += 2 {
+			pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip6.SrcIP[i])<<8 | uint32(d.ip6.SrcIP[i+1])
+		}
+		for i := 0; i < 16; i += 2 {
+			pseudoSum += uint32(d.ip6.DstIP[i])<<8 | uint32(d.ip6.DstIP[i+1])
+		}
+		pseudoSum += uint32(tcpLength)
+		pseudoSum += uint32(layers.IPProtocolTCP)
+	}
 
-	var sum = pseudoSum
+	sum := pseudoSum
 	for i := 0; i < tcpLength-1; i += 2 {
 		sum += uint32(tcpLayer[i])<<8 | uint32(tcpLayer[i+1])
 	}
@@ -886,6 +1162,9 @@ func (m *Manager) trackOutbound(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packetData
 		}
 	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
 		m.icmpTracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, d.icmp4.Id, d.icmp4.TypeCode, d.icmp4.Payload, size)
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+		id, tc := icmpv6EchoFields(d)
+		m.icmpTracker.TrackOutbound(srcIP, dstIP, id, tc, d.icmp6.Payload, size)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -899,6 +1178,9 @@ func (m *Manager) trackInbound(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, ruleID []byt
 		m.tcpTracker.TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP, uint16(d.tcp.SrcPort), uint16(d.tcp.DstPort), flags, ruleID, size, d.dnatOrigPort)
 	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
 		m.icmpTracker.TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP, d.icmp4.Id, d.icmp4.TypeCode, ruleID, d.icmp4.Payload, size)
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+		id, tc := icmpv6EchoFields(d)
+		m.icmpTracker.TrackInbound(srcIP, dstIP, id, tc, ruleID, d.icmp6.Payload, size)
 	}
 
 	d.dnatOrigPort = 0
@@ -929,17 +1211,24 @@ func (m *Manager) filterInbound(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	// TODO: pass fragments of routed packets to forwarder
+	// gopacket does not decode the transport header of any IP fragment, so
+	// fragments take a dedicated path: the first fragment's header is decoded
+	// and ACL-evaluated here, and the remaining fragments inherit its verdict.
 	if fragment {
-		m.logger.Trace4("packet is a fragment: src=%v dst=%v id=%v flags=%v",
-			srcIP, dstIP, d.ip4.Id, d.ip4.Flags)
-		return false
+		return m.filterInboundFragment(d, srcIP, dstIP, size)
 	}
 
+	return m.filterInboundDecoded(d, srcIP, dstIP, packetData, size)
+}
+
+// filterInboundDecoded runs the ACL, DNAT and conntrack pipeline on a fully
+// decoded (non-fragment) inbound packet. It returns true if the packet should
+// be dropped.
+func (m *Manager) filterInboundDecoded(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	// TODO: optimize port DNAT by caching matched rules in conntrack
 	if translated := m.translateInboundPortDNAT(packetData, d, srcIP, dstIP); translated {
 		// Re-decode after port DNAT translation to update port information
-		if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+		if err := d.decodePacket(packetData); err != nil {
 			m.logger.Error1("failed to re-decode packet after port DNAT: %v", err)
 			return true
 		}
@@ -948,7 +1237,7 @@ func (m *Manager) filterInbound(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 
 	if translated := m.translateInboundReverse(packetData, d); translated {
 		// Re-decode after translation to get original addresses
-		if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+		if err := d.decodePacket(packetData); err != nil {
 			m.logger.Error1("failed to re-decode packet after reverse DNAT: %v", err)
 			return true
 		}
@@ -966,31 +1255,226 @@ func (m *Manager) filterInbound(packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	return m.handleRoutedTraffic(d, srcIP, dstIP, packetData, size)
 }
 
+// fragmentMeta holds the reassembly identity and layout of an IP fragment,
+// extracted uniformly for IPv4 and IPv6.
+type fragmentMeta struct {
+	key fragmentKey
+	// offset is the fragment offset in 8-byte units (zero for the first
+	// fragment).
+	offset uint16
+	// moreFragments is the More Fragments bit. A first fragment with it unset is
+	// an IPv6 atomic fragment (a complete datagram, RFC 6946): it has no trailing
+	// fragments to inherit a verdict, so it must not be recorded.
+	moreFragments bool
+	proto         layers.IPProtocol
+	// l4payload is the fragmentable payload of this fragment. For the first
+	// fragment it starts with the transport header.
+	l4payload []byte
+	// headerEndOctets is the first fragment's payload length in 8-byte units:
+	// the smallest offset a trailing fragment may start at without overlapping
+	// the inspected transport header.
+	headerEndOctets uint16
+}
+
+// fragmentMetadata extracts the fragment identity and layout from a decoded IP
+// fragment. It returns false for fragments it can't interpret (e.g. an IPv6
+// fragment header shorter than 8 bytes), which are then dropped.
+func fragmentMetadata(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr) (fragmentMeta, bool) {
+	switch d.decoded[0] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv4:
+		payload := d.ip4.Payload
+		return fragmentMeta{
+			key:             fragmentKey{srcIP: srcIP, dstIP: dstIP, id: uint32(d.ip4.Id), proto: uint8(d.ip4.Protocol)},
+			offset:          d.ip4.FragOffset,
+			moreFragments:   d.ip4.Flags&layers.IPv4MoreFragments != 0,
+			proto:           d.ip4.Protocol,
+			l4payload:       payload,
+			headerEndOctets: octets(len(payload)),
+		}, true
+
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv6:
+		// IPv6 fragment extension header: 8 bytes, followed by the fragmentable
+		// payload. Layout: next header (1), reserved (1), offset+flags (2), id (4).
+		payload := d.ip6.Payload
+		if len(payload) < 8 {
+			return fragmentMeta{}, false
+		}
+		nextHeader := layers.IPProtocol(payload[0])
+		offsetFlags := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(payload[2:4])
+		id := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(payload[4:8])
+		l4 := payload[8:]
+		return fragmentMeta{
+			key:             fragmentKey{srcIP: srcIP, dstIP: dstIP, id: id, proto: uint8(nextHeader)},
+			offset:          offsetFlags >> 3,
+			moreFragments:   offsetFlags&1 != 0,
+			proto:           nextHeader,
+			l4payload:       l4,
+			headerEndOctets: octets(len(l4)),
+		}, true
+
+	default:
+		return fragmentMeta{}, false
+	}
+}
+
+// octets rounds a byte length up to whole 8-byte units, the granularity of the
+// IP fragment offset field.
+func octets(nbytes int) uint16 {
+	return uint16((nbytes + 7) / 8)
+}
+
+// filterInboundFragment decides the fate of an IP fragment. gopacket stops
+// decoding at the network layer for every fragment, so the first fragment's
+// transport header is decoded and ACL-evaluated here and its verdict recorded;
+// the remaining (headerless) fragments inherit that verdict. Anything that
+// cannot be tied to an allowed, non-overlapping first fragment is dropped.
+func (m *Manager) filterInboundFragment(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, size int) bool {
+	meta, ok := fragmentMetadata(d, srcIP, dstIP)
+	if !ok {
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			m.logger.Trace2("dropping unsupported fragment: src=%v dst=%v", srcIP, dstIP)
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if meta.offset != 0 {
+		return m.filterTrailingFragment(meta, srcIP, dstIP)
+	}
+
+	// A new first fragment supersedes any recorded verdict for this datagram, so
+	// a re-sent or overlapping offset-zero fragment can't inherit the old one.
+	m.fragments.poison(meta.key)
+
+	// First fragment: decode its transport header so the ACL can evaluate it. A
+	// decode failure means the fragment is too small to hold the full transport
+	// header (RFC 1858 §3 tiny-fragment attack); it can't be evaluated, so drop it.
+	if !d.decodeTransport(meta.proto, meta.l4payload) {
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			m.logger.Trace3("dropping first fragment without full L4 header: src=%v dst=%v id=%v",
+				srcIP, dstIP, meta.key.id)
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return m.filterFirstFragment(d, meta, srcIP, dstIP, size)
+}
+
+// filterTrailingFragment applies a recorded first-fragment verdict to a
+// non-first fragment.
+func (m *Manager) filterTrailingFragment(meta fragmentMeta, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr) bool {
+	switch m.fragments.verdict(meta.key, meta.offset) {
+	case fragmentAllow:
+		return false
+	case fragmentOverlap:
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			m.logger.Trace3("dropping overlapping fragment rewriting inspected header: src=%v dst=%v id=%v",
+				srcIP, dstIP, meta.key.id)
+		}
+		return true
+	default:
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			m.logger.Trace3("dropping fragment with no allowed first fragment: src=%v dst=%v id=%v",
+				srcIP, dstIP, meta.key.id)
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+// filterFirstFragment runs the verdict part of the inbound pipeline on a first
+// fragment with its transport header decoded. It mirrors filterInboundDecoded
+// but skips DNAT (port rewriting on fragments is unsupported) and forwarder
+// injection (fragments are left to the stack to reassemble, not forwarded).
+// Allowed fragments have their verdict recorded so the datagram's trailing
+// fragments inherit it.
+func (m *Manager) filterFirstFragment(d *decoder, meta fragmentMeta, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, size int) bool {
+	if m.stateful && m.isValidTrackedConnection(d, srcIP, dstIP, size) {
+		m.recordFirstFragment(meta)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if m.localipmanager.IsLocalIP(dstIP) {
+		ruleID, blocked := m.peerACLsBlock(srcIP, d, nil)
+		if blocked {
+			m.storeDropFlow("Dropping local first fragment (ACL denied): rule_id=%s proto=%v src=%s:%d dst=%s:%d",
+				d, srcIP, dstIP, ruleID, size)
+			return true
+		}
+		m.trackInbound(d, srcIP, dstIP, ruleID, size)
+		m.recordFirstFragment(meta)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !m.routingEnabled.Load() {
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			m.logger.Trace2("Dropping routed fragment (routing disabled): src=%s dst=%s", srcIP, dstIP)
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+	if m.nativeRouter.Load() {
+		m.trackInbound(d, srcIP, dstIP, nil, size)
+		m.recordFirstFragment(meta)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// TODO: pass fragments of routed packets to the forwarder; until then
+	// allowed routed fragments go to the native stack.
+	srcPort, dstPort := getPortsFromPacket(d)
+	ruleID, pass := m.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, d.decoded[1], srcPort, dstPort)
+	if !pass {
+		m.storeDropFlow("Dropping routed first fragment (ACL denied): rule_id=%s proto=%v src=%s:%d dst=%s:%d",
+			d, srcIP, dstIP, ruleID, size)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	m.recordFirstFragment(meta)
+	return false
+}
+
+// recordFirstFragment caches an allowed first fragment's verdict for its
+// trailing fragments to inherit. Atomic fragments (no More Fragments bit) are
+// complete datagrams with no trailing fragments, so they are not cached and
+// cannot exhaust the verdict table.
+func (m *Manager) recordFirstFragment(meta fragmentMeta) {
+	if !meta.moreFragments {
+		return
+	}
+	m.fragments.recordAllowed(meta.key, meta.headerEndOctets)
+}
+
+// storeDropFlow logs and records a netflow drop event for an inbound packet
+// denied by the ACLs. msg is the trace format taking rule id, protocol, source
+// and destination.
+func (m *Manager) storeDropFlow(msg string, d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, ruleID []byte, size int) {
+	pnum := getProtocolFromPacket(d)
+	srcPort, dstPort := getPortsFromPacket(d)
+
+	if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		m.logger.Trace6(msg, ruleID, pnum, srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
+	}
+
+	m.flowLogger.StoreEvent(nftypes.EventFields{
+		FlowID:     uuid.New(),
+		Type:       nftypes.TypeDrop,
+		RuleID:     ruleID,
+		Direction:  nftypes.Ingress,
+		Protocol:   pnum,
+		SourceIP:   srcIP,
+		DestIP:     dstIP,
+		SourcePort: srcPort,
+		DestPort:   dstPort,
+		// TODO: icmp type/code
+		RxPackets: 1,
+		RxBytes:   uint64(size),
+	})
+}
+
 // handleLocalTraffic handles local traffic.
 // If it returns true, the packet should be dropped.
 func (m *Manager) handleLocalTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	ruleID, blocked := m.peerACLsBlock(srcIP, d, packetData)
 	if blocked {
-		pnum := getProtocolFromPacket(d)
-		srcPort, dstPort := getPortsFromPacket(d)
-
-		m.logger.Trace6("Dropping local packet (ACL denied): rule_id=%s proto=%v src=%s:%d dst=%s:%d",
-			ruleID, pnum, srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
-
-		m.flowLogger.StoreEvent(nftypes.EventFields{
-			FlowID:     uuid.New(),
-			Type:       nftypes.TypeDrop,
-			RuleID:     ruleID,
-			Direction:  nftypes.Ingress,
-			Protocol:   pnum,
-			SourceIP:   srcIP,
-			DestIP:     dstIP,
-			SourcePort: srcPort,
-			DestPort:   dstPort,
-			// TODO: icmp type/code
-			RxPackets: 1,
-			RxBytes:   uint64(size),
-		})
+		m.storeDropFlow("Dropping local packet (ACL denied): rule_id=%s proto=%v src=%s:%d dst=%s:%d",
+			d, srcIP, dstIP, ruleID, size)
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -1025,8 +1509,10 @@ func (m *Manager) handleForwardedLocalTraffic(packetData []byte) bool {
 func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packetData []byte, size int) bool {
 	// Drop if routing is disabled
 	if !m.routingEnabled.Load() {
-		m.logger.Trace2("Dropping routed packet (routing disabled): src=%s dst=%s",
-			srcIP, dstIP)
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			m.logger.Trace2("Dropping routed packet (routing disabled): src=%s dst=%s",
+				srcIP, dstIP)
+		}
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -1041,25 +1527,8 @@ func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packe
 
 	ruleID, pass := m.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, protoLayer, srcPort, dstPort)
 	if !pass {
-		proto := getProtocolFromPacket(d)
-
-		m.logger.Trace6("Dropping routed packet (ACL denied): rule_id=%s proto=%v src=%s:%d dst=%s:%d",
-			ruleID, proto, srcIP, srcPort, dstIP, dstPort)
-
-		m.flowLogger.StoreEvent(nftypes.EventFields{
-			FlowID:     uuid.New(),
-			Type:       nftypes.TypeDrop,
-			RuleID:     ruleID,
-			Direction:  nftypes.Ingress,
-			Protocol:   proto,
-			SourceIP:   srcIP,
-			DestIP:     dstIP,
-			SourcePort: srcPort,
-			DestPort:   dstPort,
-			// TODO: icmp type/code
-			RxPackets: 1,
-			RxBytes:   uint64(size),
-		})
+		m.storeDropFlow("Dropping routed packet (ACL denied): rule_id=%s proto=%v src=%s:%d dst=%s:%d",
+			d, srcIP, dstIP, ruleID, size)
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -1080,6 +1549,48 @@ func (m *Manager) handleRoutedTraffic(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, packe
 	return true
 }
 
+// icmpv6EchoFields extracts the echo identifier from an ICMPv6 packet and maps
+// the ICMPv6 type code to an ICMPv4TypeCode so the ICMP conntrack can handle
+// both families uniformly. The echo ID is in the first two payload bytes.
+func icmpv6EchoFields(d *decoder) (id uint16, tc layers.ICMPv4TypeCode) {
+	if len(d.icmp6.Payload) >= 2 {
+		id = uint16(d.icmp6.Payload[0])<<8 | uint16(d.icmp6.Payload[1])
+	}
+	// Map ICMPv6 echo types to ICMPv4 equivalents for unified tracking.
+	switch d.icmp6.TypeCode.Type() {
+	case layers.ICMPv6TypeEchoRequest:
+		tc = layers.CreateICMPv4TypeCode(layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoRequest, 0)
+	case layers.ICMPv6TypeEchoReply:
+		tc = layers.CreateICMPv4TypeCode(layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoReply, 0)
+	default:
+		tc = layers.CreateICMPv4TypeCode(d.icmp6.TypeCode.Type(), d.icmp6.TypeCode.Code())
+	}
+	return id, tc
+}
+
+// protoLayerMatches checks if a packet's protocol layer matches a rule's expected
+// protocol layer. ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 are treated as equivalent when matching
+// ICMP rules since management sends a single ICMP rule for both families.
+func protoLayerMatches(ruleLayer, packetLayer gopacket.LayerType) bool {
+	if ruleLayer == packetLayer {
+		return true
+	}
+	if ruleLayer == layers.LayerTypeICMPv4 && packetLayer == layers.LayerTypeICMPv6 {
+		return true
+	}
+	if ruleLayer == layers.LayerTypeICMPv6 && packetLayer == layers.LayerTypeICMPv4 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func ipLayerFromPrefix(p netip.Prefix) gopacket.LayerType {
+	if p.Addr().Is6() {
+		return layers.LayerTypeIPv6
+	}
+	return layers.LayerTypeIPv4
+}
+
 func protoToLayer(proto firewall.Protocol, ipLayer gopacket.LayerType) gopacket.LayerType {
 	switch proto {
 	case firewall.ProtocolTCP:
@@ -1103,8 +1614,10 @@ func getProtocolFromPacket(d *decoder) nftypes.Protocol {
 		return nftypes.TCP
 	case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
 		return nftypes.UDP
-	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4, layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
 		return nftypes.ICMP
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+		return nftypes.ICMPv6
 	default:
 		return nftypes.ProtocolUnknown
 	}
@@ -1125,8 +1638,10 @@ func getPortsFromPacket(d *decoder) (srcPort, dstPort uint16) {
 // It returns true, false if the packet is valid and not a fragment.
 // It returns true, true if the packet is a fragment and valid.
 func (m *Manager) isValidPacket(d *decoder, packetData []byte) (bool, bool) {
-	if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
-		m.logger.Trace1("couldn't decode packet, err: %s", err)
+	if err := d.decodePacket(packetData); err != nil {
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			m.logger.Trace1("couldn't decode packet, err: %s", err)
+		}
 		return false, false
 	}
 
@@ -1138,10 +1653,21 @@ func (m *Manager) isValidPacket(d *decoder, packetData []byte) (bool, bool) {
 	}
 
 	// Fragments are also valid
-	if l == 1 && d.decoded[0] == layers.LayerTypeIPv4 {
-		ip4 := d.ip4
-		if ip4.Flags&layers.IPv4MoreFragments != 0 || ip4.FragOffset != 0 {
-			return true, true
+	if l == 1 {
+		switch d.decoded[0] {
+		case layers.LayerTypeIPv4:
+			if d.ip4.Flags&layers.IPv4MoreFragments != 0 || d.ip4.FragOffset != 0 {
+				return true, true
+			}
+		case layers.LayerTypeIPv6:
+			// IPv6 uses Fragment extension header (NextHeader=44). If gopacket
+			// only decoded the IPv6 layer, the transport is in a fragment.
+			// TODO: handle non-Fragment extension headers (HopByHop, Routing,
+			// DestOpts) by walking the chain. gopacket's parser does not
+			// support them as DecodingLayers; today we drop such packets.
+			if d.ip6.NextHeader == layers.IPProtocolIPv6Fragment {
+				return true, true
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1179,21 +1705,35 @@ func (m *Manager) isValidTrackedConnection(d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr,
 			size,
 		)
 
-		// TODO: ICMPv6
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+		id, _ := icmpv6EchoFields(d)
+		return m.icmpTracker.IsValidInbound(
+			srcIP,
+			dstIP,
+			id,
+			d.icmp6.TypeCode.Type(),
+			size,
+		)
 	}
 
 	return false
 }
 
-// isSpecialICMP returns true if the packet is a special ICMP packet that should be allowed
+// isSpecialICMP returns true if the packet is a special ICMP error packet that should be allowed.
 func (m *Manager) isSpecialICMP(d *decoder) bool {
-	if d.decoded[1] != layers.LayerTypeICMPv4 {
-		return false
+	switch d.decoded[1] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
+		icmpType := d.icmp4.TypeCode.Type()
+		return icmpType == layers.ICMPv4TypeDestinationUnreachable ||
+			icmpType == layers.ICMPv4TypeTimeExceeded
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+		icmpType := d.icmp6.TypeCode.Type()
+		return icmpType == layers.ICMPv6TypeDestinationUnreachable ||
+			icmpType == layers.ICMPv6TypePacketTooBig ||
+			icmpType == layers.ICMPv6TypeTimeExceeded ||
+			icmpType == layers.ICMPv6TypeParameterProblem
 	}
-
-	icmpType := d.icmp4.TypeCode.Type()
-	return icmpType == layers.ICMPv4TypeDestinationUnreachable ||
-		icmpType == layers.ICMPv4TypeTimeExceeded
+	return false
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) peerACLsBlock(srcIP netip.Addr, d *decoder, packetData []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
@@ -1204,20 +1744,12 @@ func (m *Manager) peerACLsBlock(srcIP netip.Addr, d *decoder, packetData []byte)
 		return nil, false
 	}
 
-	if mgmtId, filter, ok := validateRule(srcIP, packetData, m.incomingDenyRules[srcIP], d); ok {
+	if mgmtId, filter, ok := m.incomingDenyIndex.match(srcIP, d); ok {
 		return mgmtId, filter
 	}
-
-	if mgmtId, filter, ok := validateRule(srcIP, packetData, m.incomingRules[srcIP], d); ok {
+	if mgmtId, filter, ok := m.incomingAcceptIndex.match(srcIP, d); ok {
 		return mgmtId, filter
 	}
-	if mgmtId, filter, ok := validateRule(srcIP, packetData, m.incomingRules[netip.IPv4Unspecified()], d); ok {
-		return mgmtId, filter
-	}
-	if mgmtId, filter, ok := validateRule(srcIP, packetData, m.incomingRules[netip.IPv6Unspecified()], d); ok {
-		return mgmtId, filter
-	}
-
 	return nil, true
 }
 
@@ -1238,39 +1770,6 @@ func portsMatch(rulePort *firewall.Port, packetPort uint16) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func validateRule(ip netip.Addr, packetData []byte, rules map[string]PeerRule, d *decoder) ([]byte, bool, bool) {
-	payloadLayer := d.decoded[1]
-
-	for _, rule := range rules {
-		if rule.matchByIP && ip.Compare(rule.ip) != 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if rule.protoLayer == layerTypeAll {
-			return rule.mgmtId, rule.drop, true
-		}
-
-		if payloadLayer != rule.protoLayer {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		switch payloadLayer {
-		case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
-			if portsMatch(rule.sPort, uint16(d.tcp.SrcPort)) && portsMatch(rule.dPort, uint16(d.tcp.DstPort)) {
-				return rule.mgmtId, rule.drop, true
-			}
-		case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
-			if portsMatch(rule.sPort, uint16(d.udp.SrcPort)) && portsMatch(rule.dPort, uint16(d.udp.DstPort)) {
-				return rule.mgmtId, rule.drop, true
-			}
-		case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4, layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
-			return rule.mgmtId, rule.drop, true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil, false, false
-}
-
 // routeACLsPass returns true if the packet is allowed by the route ACLs
 func (m *Manager) routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, protoLayer gopacket.LayerType, srcPort, dstPort uint16) ([]byte, bool) {
 	m.mutex.RLock()
@@ -1285,8 +1784,7 @@ func (m *Manager) routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, protoLayer gopacket.Lay
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) ruleMatches(rule *RouteRule, srcAddr, dstAddr netip.Addr, protoLayer gopacket.LayerType, srcPort, dstPort uint16) bool {
-	// TODO: handle ipv6 vs ipv4 icmp rules
-	if rule.protoLayer != layerTypeAll && rule.protoLayer != protoLayer {
+	if rule.protoLayer != layerTypeAll && !protoLayerMatches(rule.protoLayer, protoLayer) {
 		return false
 	}
 
@@ -1347,13 +1845,17 @@ func (m *Manager) EnableRouting() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	rule, err := m.blockInvalidRouted(m.wgIface)
+	rules, err := m.blockInvalidRouted(m.wgIface)
+	m.blockRules = rules
 	if err != nil {
+		// Roll back so forwarding can't stay active without the full set of
+		// block rules.
+		if derr := m.disableRouting(); derr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("roll back routing after block rule failure: %v", derr)
+		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("block invalid routed: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	m.blockRule = rule
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -1361,6 +1863,10 @@ func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
 	m.mutex.Lock()
 	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
 
+	return m.disableRouting()
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) disableRouting() error {
 	fwder := m.forwarder.Load()
 	if fwder == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -1369,9 +1875,16 @@ func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
 	m.routingEnabled.Store(false)
 	m.nativeRouter.Store(false)
 
-	// don't stop forwarder if in use by netstack
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, rule := range m.blockRules {
+		if err := m.deleteRouteRule(rule); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete block rule: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	m.blockRules = nil
+
 	if m.netstack && m.localForwarding {
-		return nil
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 	}
 
 	fwder.Stop()
@@ -1379,14 +1892,7 @@ func (m *Manager) DisableRouting() error {
 
 	log.Debug("forwarder stopped")
 
-	if m.blockRule != nil {
-		if err := m.deleteRouteRule(m.blockRule); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("delete block rule: %w", err)
-		}
-		m.blockRule = nil
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
 // RegisterNetstackService registers a service as listening on the netstack for the given protocol and port
@@ -1440,7 +1946,8 @@ func (m *Manager) shouldForward(d *decoder, dstIP netip.Addr) bool {
 	}
 
 	// traffic to our other local interfaces (not NetBird IP) - always forward
-	if dstIP != m.wgIface.Address().IP {
+	addr := m.wgIface.Address()
+	if dstIP != addr.IP && (!addr.IPv6.IsValid() || dstIP != addr.IPv6) {
 		return true
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_bench_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_bench_test.go
index 10ff62ed3..72f3417f2 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_bench_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_bench_test.go
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func BenchmarkCoreFiltering(b *testing.B) {
 			stateful: false,
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
 				// Single rule allowing all traffic
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), fw.ProtocolALL, nil, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0")), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolALL, nil, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(b, err)
 			},
 			desc: "Baseline: Single 'allow all' rule without connection tracking",
@@ -114,15 +114,13 @@ func BenchmarkCoreFiltering(b *testing.B) {
 				// Add explicit rules matching return traffic pattern
 				for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ { // Simulate realistic ruleset size
 					ip := generateRandomIPs(1)[0]
-					_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(
+					_, err := m.AddFilterRule(
 						nil,
-						ip,
+						pfx(ip), fw.Network{},
 						fw.ProtocolTCP,
 						&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{uint16(1024 + i)}},
 						&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
-						fw.ActionAccept,
-						"",
-					)
+						fw.ActionAccept)
 					require.NoError(b, err)
 				}
 			},
@@ -133,15 +131,13 @@ func BenchmarkCoreFiltering(b *testing.B) {
 			stateful: true,
 			setupFunc: func(m *Manager) {
 				// Add some basic rules but rely on state for established connections
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(
 					nil,
-					net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"),
+					pfx(net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0")), fw.Network{},
 					fw.ProtocolTCP,
 					nil,
 					nil,
-					fw.ActionDrop,
-					"",
-				)
+					fw.ActionDrop)
 				require.NoError(b, err)
 			},
 			desc: "Connection tracking with established connections",
@@ -168,9 +164,12 @@ func BenchmarkCoreFiltering(b *testing.B) {
 				}
 
 				// Create manager and basic setup
-				manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
-					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-				}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+				manager, err := Create(Config{
+					IFace: &IFaceMock{
+						SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+					},
+					FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+				require.NoError(b, err)
 				defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 					require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 				})
@@ -208,9 +207,12 @@ func BenchmarkStateScaling(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, count := range connCounts {
 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("conns_%d", count), func(b *testing.B) {
-			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+			require.NoError(b, err)
 			b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -251,9 +253,12 @@ func BenchmarkEstablishmentOverhead(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, sc := range scenarios {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+			require.NoError(b, err)
 			b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -409,9 +414,12 @@ func BenchmarkRoutedNetworkReturn(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, sc := range scenarios {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+			require.NoError(b, err)
 			b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -536,9 +544,12 @@ func BenchmarkLongLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, os.Unsetenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK"))
 			}
 
-			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -546,7 +557,7 @@ func BenchmarkLongLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 			// Setup initial state based on scenario
 			if sc.rules {
 				// Single rule to allow all return traffic from port 80
-				_, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0")), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(b, err)
 			}
 
@@ -619,9 +630,12 @@ func BenchmarkShortLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, os.Unsetenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK"))
 			}
 
-			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
@@ -629,7 +643,7 @@ func BenchmarkShortLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 			// Setup initial state based on scenario
 			if sc.rules {
 				// Single rule to allow all return traffic from port 80
-				_, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0")), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(b, err)
 			}
 
@@ -730,16 +744,19 @@ func BenchmarkParallelLongLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, os.Unsetenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK"))
 			}
 
-			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
 
 			// Setup initial state based on scenario
 			if sc.rules {
-				_, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0")), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(b, err)
 			}
 
@@ -810,15 +827,18 @@ func BenchmarkParallelShortLivedConnections(b *testing.B) {
 				require.NoError(b, os.Unsetenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK"))
 			}
 
-			manager, _ := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer b.Cleanup(func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			})
 
 			if sc.rules {
-				_, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0")), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(b, err)
 			}
 
@@ -931,7 +951,7 @@ func BenchmarkRouteACLs(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, r := range rules {
 		dst := fw.Network{Prefix: r.dest}
-		_, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(nil, r.sources, dst, r.proto, nil, r.port, fw.ActionAccept)
+		_, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, r.sources, dst, r.proto, nil, r.port, fw.ActionAccept)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -1014,16 +1034,19 @@ func BenchmarkMSSClamping(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, sc := range scenarios {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			}()
 
 			manager.mssClampEnabled = true
-			manager.mssClampValue = 1240
+			manager.mssClampValueIPv4 = 1240
+			manager.mssClampValueIPv6 = 1220
 
 			srcIP := net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2")
 			dstIP := net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8")
@@ -1078,9 +1101,11 @@ func BenchmarkMSSClampingOverhead(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, sc := range scenarios {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -1088,7 +1113,8 @@ func BenchmarkMSSClampingOverhead(b *testing.B) {
 
 			manager.mssClampEnabled = sc.enabled
 			if sc.enabled {
-				manager.mssClampValue = 1240
+				manager.mssClampValueIPv4 = 1240
+				manager.mssClampValueIPv6 = 1220
 			}
 
 			srcIP := net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2")
@@ -1132,16 +1158,19 @@ func BenchmarkMSSClampingMemory(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, sc := range scenarios {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
 			}()
 
 			manager.mssClampEnabled = true
-			manager.mssClampValue = 1240
+			manager.mssClampValueIPv4 = 1240
+			manager.mssClampValueIPv6 = 1220
 
 			srcIP := net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2")
 			dstIP := net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8")
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_filter_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_filter_test.go
index a8efbac1c..57b59c9bc 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_filter_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_filter_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, manager)
 
@@ -496,40 +496,32 @@ func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			if tc.ruleAction == fw.ActionDrop {
 				// add general accept rule for the same IP to test drop rule precedence
-				rules, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(
+				rules, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 					nil,
-					net.ParseIP(tc.ruleIP),
+					pfx(net.ParseIP(tc.ruleIP)), fw.Network{},
 					fw.ProtocolALL,
 					nil,
 					nil,
-					fw.ActionAccept,
-					"",
-				)
+					fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.NotEmpty(t, rules)
+				require.NotNil(t, rules)
 				t.Cleanup(func() {
-					for _, rule := range rules {
-						require.NoError(t, manager.DeletePeerRule(rule))
-					}
+					require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rules))
 				})
 			}
 
-			rules, err := manager.AddPeerFiltering(
+			rules, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 				nil,
-				net.ParseIP(tc.ruleIP),
+				pfx(net.ParseIP(tc.ruleIP)), fw.Network{},
 				tc.ruleProto,
 				tc.ruleSrcPort,
 				tc.ruleDstPort,
-				tc.ruleAction,
-				"",
-			)
+				tc.ruleAction)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.NotEmpty(t, rules)
+			require.NotNil(t, rules)
 
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
-				for _, rule := range rules {
-					require.NoError(t, manager.DeletePeerRule(rule))
-				}
+				require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rules))
 			})
 
 			packet := createTestPacket(t, tc.srcIP, tc.dstIP, tc.proto, tc.srcPort, tc.dstPort)
@@ -539,53 +531,242 @@ func TestPeerACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestPeerACLFilteringIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	localIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.100")
+	localIPv6 := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::100")
+	wgNet := netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")
+	wgNetV6 := netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64")
+
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      localIP,
+				Network: wgNet,
+				IPv6:    localIPv6,
+				IPv6Net: wgNetV6,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil)) })
+
+	err = manager.UpdateLocalIPs()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name            string
+		srcIP           string
+		dstIP           string
+		proto           fw.Protocol
+		srcPort         uint16
+		dstPort         uint16
+		ruleIP          string
+		ruleProto       fw.Protocol
+		ruleDstPort     *fw.Port
+		ruleAction      fw.Action
+		shouldBeBlocked bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "IPv6: allow TCP from peer",
+			srcIP:           "fd00::1",
+			dstIP:           "fd00::100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "fd00::1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "IPv6: allow UDP from peer",
+			srcIP:           "fd00::1",
+			dstIP:           "fd00::100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         53,
+			ruleIP:          "fd00::1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "IPv6: allow ICMPv6 from peer",
+			srcIP:           "fd00::1",
+			dstIP:           "fd00::100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleIP:          "fd00::1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "IPv6: block TCP without rule",
+			srcIP:           "fd00::2",
+			dstIP:           "fd00::100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         443,
+			ruleIP:          "fd00::1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "IPv6: drop rule",
+			srcIP:           "fd00::1",
+			dstIP:           "fd00::100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         22,
+			ruleIP:          "fd00::1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolTCP,
+			ruleDstPort:     &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}},
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionDrop,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "IPv6: allow all protocols",
+			srcIP:           "fd00::1",
+			dstIP:           "fd00::100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolUDP,
+			srcPort:         12345,
+			dstPort:         9999,
+			ruleIP:          "fd00::1",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolALL,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "IPv6: v4 wildcard ICMP rule does not match ICMPv6",
+			srcIP:           "fd00::1",
+			dstIP:           "fd00::100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleIP:          "0.0.0.0",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "IPv4: v6 wildcard ICMP rule does not match ICMPv4",
+			srcIP:           "100.10.0.1",
+			dstIP:           "100.10.0.100",
+			proto:           fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleIP:          "::",
+			ruleProto:       fw.ProtocolICMP,
+			ruleAction:      fw.ActionAccept,
+			shouldBeBlocked: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("IPv6 implicit DROP (no rules)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		packet := createTestPacket(t, "fd00::1", "fd00::100", fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 443)
+		isDropped := manager.FilterInbound(packet, 0)
+		require.True(t, isDropped, "IPv6 packet should be dropped when no rules exist")
+	})
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tc.ruleAction == fw.ActionDrop {
+				rules, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP(tc.ruleIP)), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolALL, nil, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				t.Cleanup(func() {
+					require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rules))
+				})
+			}
+
+			rules, err := manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP(tc.ruleIP)), fw.Network{}, tc.ruleProto, nil, tc.ruleDstPort, tc.ruleAction)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, rules)
+			t.Cleanup(func() {
+				require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rules))
+			})
+
+			packet := createTestPacket(t, tc.srcIP, tc.dstIP, tc.proto, tc.srcPort, tc.dstPort)
+			isDropped := manager.FilterInbound(packet, 0)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.shouldBeBlocked, isDropped, "packet filter result mismatch")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func createTestPacket(t *testing.T, srcIP, dstIP string, proto fw.Protocol, srcPort, dstPort uint16) []byte {
 	t.Helper()
 
+	src := net.ParseIP(srcIP)
+	dst := net.ParseIP(dstIP)
+
 	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
 	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{
 		ComputeChecksums: true,
 		FixLengths:       true,
 	}
 
-	ipLayer := &layers.IPv4{
-		Version: 4,
-		TTL:     64,
-		SrcIP:   net.ParseIP(srcIP),
-		DstIP:   net.ParseIP(dstIP),
-	}
+	// Detect address family
+	isV6 := src.To4() == nil
 
 	var err error
-	switch proto {
-	case fw.ProtocolTCP:
-		ipLayer.Protocol = layers.IPProtocolTCP
-		tcp := &layers.TCP{
-			SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(srcPort),
-			DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort),
-		}
-		err = tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ipLayer)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipLayer, tcp)
 
-	case fw.ProtocolUDP:
-		ipLayer.Protocol = layers.IPProtocolUDP
-		udp := &layers.UDP{
-			SrcPort: layers.UDPPort(srcPort),
-			DstPort: layers.UDPPort(dstPort),
+	if isV6 {
+		ip6 := &layers.IPv6{
+			Version:  6,
+			HopLimit: 64,
+			SrcIP:    src,
+			DstIP:    dst,
 		}
-		err = udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ipLayer)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipLayer, udp)
 
-	case fw.ProtocolICMP:
-		ipLayer.Protocol = layers.IPProtocolICMPv4
-		icmp := &layers.ICMPv4{
-			TypeCode: layers.CreateICMPv4TypeCode(layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoRequest, 0),
+		switch proto {
+		case fw.ProtocolTCP:
+			ip6.NextHeader = layers.IPProtocolTCP
+			tcp := &layers.TCP{SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(srcPort), DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort)}
+			_ = tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip6)
+			err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip6, tcp)
+		case fw.ProtocolUDP:
+			ip6.NextHeader = layers.IPProtocolUDP
+			udp := &layers.UDP{SrcPort: layers.UDPPort(srcPort), DstPort: layers.UDPPort(dstPort)}
+			_ = udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip6)
+			err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip6, udp)
+		case fw.ProtocolICMP:
+			ip6.NextHeader = layers.IPProtocolICMPv6
+			icmp := &layers.ICMPv6{
+				TypeCode: layers.CreateICMPv6TypeCode(layers.ICMPv6TypeEchoRequest, 0),
+			}
+			_ = icmp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip6)
+			err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip6, icmp)
+		default:
+			err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip6)
+		}
+	} else {
+		ip4 := &layers.IPv4{
+			Version: 4,
+			TTL:     64,
+			SrcIP:   src,
+			DstIP:   dst,
 		}
-		err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipLayer, icmp)
 
-	default:
-		err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipLayer)
+		switch proto {
+		case fw.ProtocolTCP:
+			ip4.Protocol = layers.IPProtocolTCP
+			tcp := &layers.TCP{SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(srcPort), DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort)}
+			_ = tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip4)
+			err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip4, tcp)
+		case fw.ProtocolUDP:
+			ip4.Protocol = layers.IPProtocolUDP
+			udp := &layers.UDP{SrcPort: layers.UDPPort(srcPort), DstPort: layers.UDPPort(dstPort)}
+			_ = udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip4)
+			err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip4, udp)
+		case fw.ProtocolICMP:
+			ip4.Protocol = layers.IPProtocolICMPv4
+			icmp := &layers.ICMPv4{TypeCode: layers.CreateICMPv4TypeCode(layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoRequest, 0)}
+			err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip4, icmp)
+		default:
+			err = gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip4)
+		}
 	}
 
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -617,7 +798,7 @@ func setupRoutedManager(tb testing.TB, network string) *Manager {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(tb, err)
 	require.NoError(tb, manager.EnableRouting())
 	require.NotNil(tb, manager)
@@ -1222,7 +1403,7 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			if tc.rule.action == fw.ActionDrop {
 				// add general accept rule to test drop rule
-				rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+				rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 					nil,
 					[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 					fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
@@ -1232,13 +1413,13 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 					fw.ActionAccept,
 				)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				require.NotNil(t, rule)
+				require.NotEmpty(t, rule)
 				t.Cleanup(func() {
-					require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteRouteRule(rule))
+					require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule))
 				})
 			}
 
-			rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+			rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 				nil,
 				tc.rule.sources,
 				tc.rule.dest,
@@ -1248,10 +1429,10 @@ func TestRouteACLFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 				tc.rule.action,
 			)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			require.NotNil(t, rule)
+			require.NotEmpty(t, rule)
 
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
-				require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteRouteRule(rule))
+				require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule))
 			})
 
 			srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr(tc.srcIP)
@@ -1419,9 +1600,9 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var rules []fw.Rule
+			var addedRules []fw.Rule
 			for _, r := range tc.rules {
-				rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+				rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 					nil,
 					r.sources,
 					r.dest,
@@ -1432,12 +1613,12 @@ func TestRouteACLOrder(t *testing.T) {
 				)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				require.NotNil(t, rule)
-				rules = append(rules, rule)
+				addedRules = append(addedRules, rule)
 			}
 
 			t.Cleanup(func() {
-				for _, rule := range rules {
-					require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteRouteRule(rule))
+				for _, rule := range addedRules {
+					require.NoError(t, manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule))
 				}
 			})
 
@@ -1463,7 +1644,7 @@ func TestRouteACLSet(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -1472,7 +1653,7 @@ func TestRouteACLSet(t *testing.T) {
 	set := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.org"})
 
 	// Add rule that uses the set (initially empty)
-	rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		nil,
 		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 		fw.Network{Set: set},
@@ -1498,3 +1679,103 @@ func TestRouteACLSet(t *testing.T) {
 	_, isAllowed = manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, protoToLayer(fw.ProtocolTCP, layers.LayerTypeIPv4), 12345, 80)
 	require.True(t, isAllowed, "After set update, traffic to the added network should be allowed")
 }
+
+// TestRouteACLFilteringIPv6 tests IPv6 route ACL matching directly via routeACLsPass.
+// Note: full FilterInbound for routed IPv6 traffic drops at the forwarder stage (IPv4-only)
+// but the ACL decision itself is correct.
+func TestRouteACLFilteringIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := setupRoutedManager(t, "10.10.0.100/16")
+
+	v6Dst := netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:dead:beef::/48")
+	_, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/16")},
+		fw.Network{Prefix: v6Dst},
+		fw.ProtocolTCP,
+		nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}},
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(
+		nil,
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/16")},
+		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:dead:beef:1::/64")},
+		fw.ProtocolALL,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		fw.ActionDrop,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		srcIP   netip.Addr
+		dstIP   netip.Addr
+		proto   gopacket.LayerType
+		srcPort uint16
+		dstPort uint16
+		allowed bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "IPv6 TCP to allowed dest",
+			srcIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+			dstIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:dead:beef::80"),
+			proto:   layers.LayerTypeTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			allowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "IPv6 TCP wrong port",
+			srcIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+			dstIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:dead:beef::80"),
+			proto:   layers.LayerTypeTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 443,
+			allowed: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "IPv6 UDP not matched by TCP rule",
+			srcIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+			dstIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:dead:beef::80"),
+			proto:   layers.LayerTypeUDP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			allowed: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "IPv6 ICMPv6 matches ICMP rule via protoLayerMatches",
+			srcIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+			dstIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:dead:beef::80"),
+			proto:   layers.LayerTypeICMPv6,
+			allowed: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "IPv6 to denied subnet",
+			srcIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+			dstIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:dead:beef:1::1"),
+			proto:   layers.LayerTypeTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			allowed: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "IPv6 source outside allowed range",
+			srcIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fe80::1"),
+			dstIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:dead:beef::80"),
+			proto:   layers.LayerTypeTCP,
+			srcPort: 12345,
+			dstPort: 80,
+			allowed: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, pass := manager.routeACLsPass(tc.srcIP, tc.dstIP, tc.proto, tc.srcPort, tc.dstPort)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.allowed, pass, "route ACL result mismatch")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_routeacl_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_routeacl_test.go
index 68572a01c..2a0980e83 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_routeacl_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_routeacl_test.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func TestAddRouteFilteringReturnsExistingRule(t *testing.T) {
 	destination := fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")}
 
 	// Add rule first time
-	rule1, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule1, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		[]byte("policy-1"),
 		sources,
 		destination,
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestAddRouteFilteringReturnsExistingRule(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NotNil(t, rule1)
 
 	// Add the same rule again
-	rule2, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule2, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		[]byte("policy-1"),
 		sources,
 		destination,
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func TestAddRouteFilteringDifferentRulesGetDifferentIDs(t *testing.T) {
 	sources := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.1.0/24")}
 
 	// Add first rule
-	rule1, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule1, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		[]byte("policy-1"),
 		sources,
 		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func TestAddRouteFilteringDifferentRulesGetDifferentIDs(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Add different rule (different destination)
-	rule2, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule2, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		[]byte("policy-2"),
 		sources,
 		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.2.0/24")}, // Different!
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ func TestRouteRuleUpdateDoesNotCauseGap(t *testing.T) {
 	sources := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.1.0/24")}
 	destination := fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")}
 
-	rule1, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule1, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		[]byte("policy-1"),
 		sources,
 		destination,
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ func TestRouteRuleUpdateDoesNotCauseGap(t *testing.T) {
 	require.True(t, pass, "Traffic should pass with rule in place")
 
 	// Re-add same rule (simulates network map update)
-	rule2, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule2, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		[]byte("policy-1"),
 		sources,
 		destination,
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ func TestRouteRuleUpdateDoesNotCauseGap(t *testing.T) {
 	// won't delete rule1 during cleanup. If IDs differed, deleting rule1
 	// would remove the only matching rule and cause a traffic gap.
 	if rule1.ID() != rule2.ID() {
-		err = manager.DeleteRouteRule(rule1)
+		err = manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule1)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
 
@@ -156,6 +156,59 @@ func TestRouteRuleUpdateDoesNotCauseGap(t *testing.T) {
 		"Traffic should still pass after rule update - no gap should occur")
 }
 
+// TestBlockInvalidRoutedDualStack verifies that when the interface has an
+// IPv6 overlay address, blockInvalidRouted installs a block rule for both
+// the v4 and v6 WG prefixes and that routed traffic to the v6 prefix is
+// denied. The v4-only soft-skip path is covered by
+// TestBlockInvalidRoutedIdempotent, whose mock leaves IPv6Net invalid.
+func TestBlockInvalidRoutedDualStack(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	dev := mocks.NewMockDevice(ctrl)
+	dev.EXPECT().MTU().Return(1500, nil).AnyTimes()
+
+	wgNet := netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.1/16")
+	wgNet6 := netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234::1/64")
+
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      wgNet.Addr(),
+				Network: wgNet,
+				IPv6:    wgNet6.Addr(),
+				IPv6Net: wgNet6,
+			}
+		},
+		GetDeviceFunc: func() *device.FilteredDevice {
+			return &device.FilteredDevice{Device: dev}
+		},
+		GetWGDeviceFunc: func() *wgdevice.Device {
+			return &wgdevice.Device{}
+		},
+	}
+
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	})
+
+	rules, err := manager.blockInvalidRouted(ifaceMock)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, rules, 2, "dual-stack interface must produce a v4 and a v6 block rule")
+
+	manager.mutex.RLock()
+	ruleCount := len(manager.routeRules)
+	manager.mutex.RUnlock()
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, ruleCount, "should have one block rule per family")
+
+	// v6 routed traffic to the WG prefix must be denied.
+	srcIP := netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1")
+	dstIP := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::50")
+	_, pass := manager.routeACLsPass(srcIP, dstIP, layers.LayerTypeTCP, 12345, 80)
+	assert.False(t, pass, "block rule should deny routed traffic to the v6 WG prefix")
+}
+
 // TestBlockInvalidRoutedIdempotent verifies that blockInvalidRouted creates
 // exactly one drop rule for the WireGuard network prefix, and calling it again
 // returns the same rule without duplicating.
@@ -182,28 +235,28 @@ func TestBlockInvalidRoutedIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
 	})
 
 	// Call blockInvalidRouted directly multiple times
-	rule1, err := manager.blockInvalidRouted(ifaceMock)
+	rules1, err := manager.blockInvalidRouted(ifaceMock)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, rule1)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, rules1)
 
-	rule2, err := manager.blockInvalidRouted(ifaceMock)
+	rules2, err := manager.blockInvalidRouted(ifaceMock)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, rule2)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, rules2)
 
-	rule3, err := manager.blockInvalidRouted(ifaceMock)
+	rules3, err := manager.blockInvalidRouted(ifaceMock)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, rule3)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, rules3)
 
-	// All should return the same rule
-	assert.Equal(t, rule1.ID(), rule2.ID(), "Second call should return same rule")
-	assert.Equal(t, rule2.ID(), rule3.ID(), "Third call should return same rule")
+	// All calls should return the same v4 block rule (idempotent install).
+	assert.Equal(t, rules1[0].ID(), rules2[0].ID(), "Second call should return same v4 rule")
+	assert.Equal(t, rules2[0].ID(), rules3[0].ID(), "Third call should return same v4 rule")
 
 	// Should have exactly 1 route rule
 	manager.mutex.RLock()
@@ -245,7 +298,7 @@ func TestBlockRuleNotAccumulatedOnRepeatedEnableRouting(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -274,7 +327,7 @@ func TestRouteRuleCountStableAcrossUpdates(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Simulate 5 network map updates with the same route rule
 	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
-		rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+		rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 			[]byte("policy-1"),
 			sources,
 			destination,
@@ -304,7 +357,7 @@ func TestDeleteRouteRuleAfterIdempotentAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	destination := fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")}
 
 	// Add same rule twice
-	rule1, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule1, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		[]byte("policy-1"),
 		sources,
 		destination,
@@ -315,7 +368,7 @@ func TestDeleteRouteRuleAfterIdempotentAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	rule2, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule2, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		[]byte("policy-1"),
 		sources,
 		destination,
@@ -329,7 +382,7 @@ func TestDeleteRouteRuleAfterIdempotentAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, rule1.ID(), rule2.ID(), "Should return same rule ID")
 
 	// Delete using first reference
-	err = manager.DeleteRouteRule(rule1)
+	err = manager.DeleteFilterRule(rule1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify traffic no longer passes
@@ -364,7 +417,7 @@ func setupTestManager(t *testing.T) *Manager {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NoError(t, manager.EnableRouting())
 
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_test.go
index 5fb9fef0e..280ce9311 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/filter_test.go
@@ -78,18 +78,19 @@ func TestManagerCreate(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil)) })
 
 	if m == nil {
 		t.Error("Manager is nil")
 	}
 }
 
-func TestManagerAddPeerFiltering(t *testing.T) {
+func TestManagerAddFilterRule(t *testing.T) {
 	isSetFilterCalled := false
 	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error {
@@ -98,18 +99,19 @@ func TestManagerAddPeerFiltering(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil)) })
 
 	ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
 	proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
 	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
 	action := fw.ActionDrop
 
-	rule, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, port, action, "")
+	rule, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to add filtering: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -131,74 +133,47 @@ func TestManagerDeleteRule(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil)) })
 
 	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
 	proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
 	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
 	action := fw.ActionDrop
 
-	rule2, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip.AsSlice(), proto, nil, port, action, "")
+	rule2, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip.AsSlice()), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to add filtering: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Check rules exist in appropriate maps
-	for _, r := range rule2 {
-		peerRule, ok := r.(*PeerRule)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Errorf("rule should be a PeerRule")
-			continue
-		}
-		// Check if rule exists in deny or allow maps based on action
-		var found bool
-		if peerRule.drop {
-			_, found = m.incomingDenyRules[ip][r.ID()]
-		} else {
-			_, found = m.incomingRules[ip][r.ID()]
-		}
-		if !found {
-			t.Errorf("rule2 is not in the expected rules map")
+	peerRule, ok := rule2.(*PeerRule)
+	require.True(t, ok, "rule should be a peer rule")
+
+	inMap := func() bool {
+		if peerRule.action == fw.ActionDrop {
+			return findRuleByID(m.incomingDenyRules, ip, rule2.ID())
 		}
+		return findRuleByID(m.incomingAcceptRules, ip, rule2.ID())
 	}
 
-	for _, r := range rule2 {
-		err = m.DeletePeerRule(r)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("failed to delete rule: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-	}
+	require.True(t, inMap(), "rule2 should be in the expected rules list")
 
-	// Check rules are removed from appropriate maps
-	for _, r := range rule2 {
-		peerRule, ok := r.(*PeerRule)
-		if !ok {
-			t.Errorf("rule should be a PeerRule")
-			continue
-		}
-		// Check if rule is removed from deny or allow maps based on action
-		var found bool
-		if peerRule.drop {
-			_, found = m.incomingDenyRules[ip][r.ID()]
-		} else {
-			_, found = m.incomingRules[ip][r.ID()]
-		}
-		if found {
-			t.Errorf("rule2 should be removed from the rules map")
-		}
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteFilterRule(rule2), "failed to delete rule")
+
+	require.False(t, inMap(), "rule2 should be removed from the rules list")
 }
 
 func TestSetUDPPacketHook(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil)) })
 
@@ -220,9 +195,11 @@ func TestSetUDPPacketHook(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestSetTCPPacketHook(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil)) })
 
@@ -250,7 +227,7 @@ func TestPeerRuleLifecycleDenyRules(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil))
@@ -260,36 +237,34 @@ func TestPeerRuleLifecycleDenyRules(t *testing.T) {
 	addr := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
 
 	// Add multiple deny rules for different ports
-	rule1, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
-		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}}, fw.ActionDrop, "")
+	rule1, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}}, fw.ActionDrop)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	rule2, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
-		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop, "")
+	rule2, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	m.mutex.RLock()
-	denyCount := len(m.incomingDenyRules[addr])
+	denyCount := countRulesForAddr(m.incomingDenyRules, addr)
 	m.mutex.RUnlock()
 	require.Equal(t, 2, denyCount, "Should have exactly 2 deny rules")
 
 	// Delete the first deny rule
-	err = m.DeletePeerRule(rule1[0])
+	err = m.DeleteFilterRule(rule1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	m.mutex.RLock()
-	denyCount = len(m.incomingDenyRules[addr])
+	denyCount = countRulesForAddr(m.incomingDenyRules, addr)
 	m.mutex.RUnlock()
 	require.Equal(t, 1, denyCount, "Should have 1 deny rule after deleting first")
 
 	// Delete the second deny rule
-	err = m.DeletePeerRule(rule2[0])
+	err = m.DeleteFilterRule(rule2)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	m.mutex.RLock()
-	_, exists := m.incomingDenyRules[addr]
+	exists := countRulesForAddr(m.incomingDenyRules, addr) > 0
 	m.mutex.RUnlock()
-	require.False(t, exists, "Deny rules IP entry should be cleaned up when empty")
+	require.False(t, exists, "Deny rules should be cleaned up when empty")
 }
 
 // TestPeerRuleAddAndDeleteDontLeak verifies that repeatedly adding and deleting
@@ -299,7 +274,7 @@ func TestPeerRuleAddAndDeleteDontLeak(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil))
@@ -311,27 +286,21 @@ func TestPeerRuleAddAndDeleteDontLeak(t *testing.T) {
 	// Simulate 10 network map updates: add rule, delete old, add new
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
 		// Add a deny rule
-		rules, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
-			&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}}, fw.ActionDrop, "")
+		rules, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}}, fw.ActionDrop)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// Add an allow rule
-		allowRules, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
-			&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+		allowRules, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		// Delete them (simulating ACL manager cleanup)
-		for _, r := range rules {
-			require.NoError(t, m.DeletePeerRule(r))
-		}
-		for _, r := range allowRules {
-			require.NoError(t, m.DeletePeerRule(r))
-		}
+		require.NoError(t, m.DeleteFilterRule(rules))
+		require.NoError(t, m.DeleteFilterRule(allowRules))
 	}
 
 	m.mutex.RLock()
-	denyCount := len(m.incomingDenyRules[addr])
-	allowCount := len(m.incomingRules[addr])
+	denyCount := countRulesForAddr(m.incomingDenyRules, addr)
+	allowCount := countRulesForAddr(m.incomingAcceptRules, addr)
 	m.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	require.Equal(t, 0, denyCount, "No deny rules should remain after cleanup")
@@ -345,7 +314,7 @@ func TestMixedAllowDenyRulesSameIP(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil))
@@ -354,41 +323,39 @@ func TestMixedAllowDenyRulesSameIP(t *testing.T) {
 	ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
 
 	// Add allow rule for port 80
-	allowRule, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
-		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+	allowRule, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Add deny rule for port 22
-	denyRule, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
-		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}}, fw.ActionDrop, "")
+	denyRule, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{22}}, fw.ActionDrop)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	addr := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
 	m.mutex.RLock()
-	allowCount := len(m.incomingRules[addr])
-	denyCount := len(m.incomingDenyRules[addr])
+	allowCount := countRulesForAddr(m.incomingAcceptRules, addr)
+	denyCount := countRulesForAddr(m.incomingDenyRules, addr)
 	m.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	require.Equal(t, 1, allowCount, "Should have 1 allow rule")
 	require.Equal(t, 1, denyCount, "Should have 1 deny rule")
 
 	// Delete allow rule should not affect deny rule
-	err = m.DeletePeerRule(allowRule[0])
+	err = m.DeleteFilterRule(allowRule)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	m.mutex.RLock()
-	denyCountAfter := len(m.incomingDenyRules[addr])
+	denyCountAfter := countRulesForAddr(m.incomingDenyRules, addr)
 	m.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	require.Equal(t, 1, denyCountAfter, "Deny rule should still exist after deleting allow rule")
 
 	// Delete deny rule
-	err = m.DeletePeerRule(denyRule[0])
+	err = m.DeleteFilterRule(denyRule)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	m.mutex.RLock()
-	_, denyExists := m.incomingDenyRules[addr]
-	_, allowExists := m.incomingRules[addr]
+	denyExists := countRulesForAddr(m.incomingDenyRules, addr) > 0
+	allowExists := countRulesForAddr(m.incomingAcceptRules, addr) > 0
 	m.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	require.False(t, denyExists, "Deny rules should be empty")
@@ -400,7 +367,7 @@ func TestManagerReset(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -411,7 +378,7 @@ func TestManagerReset(t *testing.T) {
 	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
 	action := fw.ActionDrop
 
-	_, err = m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, port, action, "")
+	_, err = m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to add filtering: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -423,7 +390,7 @@ func TestManagerReset(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if len(m.outgoingRules) != 0 || len(m.incomingRules) != 0 || len(m.incomingDenyRules) != 0 {
+	if len(m.incomingAcceptRules) != 0 || len(m.incomingDenyRules) != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("rules are not empty")
 	}
 }
@@ -439,7 +406,7 @@ func TestNotMatchByIP(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to create Manager: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -449,7 +416,7 @@ func TestNotMatchByIP(t *testing.T) {
 	proto := fw.ProtocolUDP
 	action := fw.ActionAccept
 
-	_, err = m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, nil, action, "")
+	_, err = m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, nil, action)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to add filtering: %v", err)
 		return
@@ -502,7 +469,7 @@ func TestRemovePacketHook(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// creating manager instance
-	manager, err := Create(iface, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: iface, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create Manager: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -519,9 +486,11 @@ func TestRemovePacketHook(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProcessOutgoingHooks(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	manager.udpTracker.Close()
@@ -535,11 +504,16 @@ func TestProcessOutgoingHooks(t *testing.T) {
 			d := &decoder{
 				decoded: []gopacket.LayerType{},
 			}
-			d.parser = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+			d.parser4 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
 				layers.LayerTypeIPv4,
 				&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
 			)
-			d.parser.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+			d.parser4.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+			d.parser6 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+				layers.LayerTypeIPv6,
+				&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
+			)
+			d.parser6.IgnoreUnsupported = true
 			return d
 		},
 	}
@@ -601,7 +575,7 @@ func TestUSPFilterCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 			ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
 				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 			}
-			manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			time.Sleep(time.Second)
 
@@ -616,7 +590,7 @@ func TestUSPFilterCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 			start := time.Now()
 			for i := 0; i < testMax; i++ {
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{uint16(1000 + i)}}
-				_, err = manager.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept, "")
+				_, err = manager.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, "tcp", nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
 
 				require.NoError(t, err, "failed to add rule")
 			}
@@ -626,9 +600,11 @@ func TestUSPFilterCreatePerformance(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStatefulFirewall_UDPTracking(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	manager.udpTracker.Close() // Close the existing tracker
@@ -638,11 +614,16 @@ func TestStatefulFirewall_UDPTracking(t *testing.T) {
 			d := &decoder{
 				decoded: []gopacket.LayerType{},
 			}
-			d.parser = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+			d.parser4 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
 				layers.LayerTypeIPv4,
 				&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
 			)
-			d.parser.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+			d.parser4.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+			d.parser6 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+				layers.LayerTypeIPv6,
+				&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
+			)
+			d.parser6.IgnoreUnsupported = true
 			return d
 		},
 	}
@@ -835,7 +816,7 @@ func TestUpdateSetMerge(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -848,7 +829,7 @@ func TestUpdateSetMerge(t *testing.T) {
 		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
 	}
 
-	rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		nil,
 		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 		fw.Network{Set: set},
@@ -921,7 +902,7 @@ func TestUpdateSetDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
 		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -929,7 +910,7 @@ func TestUpdateSetDeduplication(t *testing.T) {
 
 	set := fw.NewDomainSet(domain.List{"example.org"})
 
-	rule, err := manager.AddRouteFiltering(
+	rule, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
 		nil,
 		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
 		fw.Network{Set: set},
@@ -1041,15 +1022,15 @@ func TestMSSClamping(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, 1280)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: 1280})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
 	}()
 
 	require.True(t, manager.mssClampEnabled, "MSS clamping should be enabled by default")
-	expectedMSSValue := uint16(1280 - ipTCPHeaderMinSize)
-	require.Equal(t, expectedMSSValue, manager.mssClampValue, "MSS clamp value should be MTU - 40")
+	require.Equal(t, uint16(1280-ipv4TCPHeaderMinSize), manager.mssClampValueIPv4, "IPv4 MSS clamp value should be MTU - 40")
+	require.Equal(t, uint16(1280-ipv6TCPHeaderMinSize), manager.mssClampValueIPv6, "IPv6 MSS clamp value should be MTU - 60")
 
 	err = manager.UpdateLocalIPs()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1067,7 +1048,7 @@ func TestMSSClamping(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Len(t, d.tcp.Options, 1, "Should have MSS option")
 		require.Equal(t, uint8(layers.TCPOptionKindMSS), uint8(d.tcp.Options[0].OptionType))
 		actualMSS := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(d.tcp.Options[0].OptionData)
-		require.Equal(t, expectedMSSValue, actualMSS, "MSS should be clamped to MTU - 40")
+		require.Equal(t, manager.mssClampValueIPv4, actualMSS, "MSS should be clamped to MTU - 40")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("SYN packet with low MSS unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1091,7 +1072,7 @@ func TestMSSClamping(t *testing.T) {
 		d := parsePacket(t, packet)
 		require.Len(t, d.tcp.Options, 1, "Should have MSS option")
 		actualMSS := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(d.tcp.Options[0].OptionData)
-		require.Equal(t, expectedMSSValue, actualMSS, "MSS in SYN-ACK should be clamped")
+		require.Equal(t, manager.mssClampValueIPv4, actualMSS, "MSS in SYN-ACK should be clamped")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("Non-SYN packet unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1233,7 +1214,7 @@ func TestShouldForward(t *testing.T) {
 		return wgaddr.Address{IP: wgIP, Network: netip.PrefixFrom(wgIP, 24)}
 	}
 
-	manager, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, nbiface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -1263,13 +1244,18 @@ func TestShouldForward(t *testing.T) {
 		d := &decoder{
 			decoded: []gopacket.LayerType{},
 		}
-		d.parser = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+		d.parser4 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
 			layers.LayerTypeIPv4,
 			&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
 		)
-		d.parser.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+		d.parser4.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+		d.parser6 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+			layers.LayerTypeIPv6,
+			&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
+		)
+		d.parser6.IgnoreUnsupported = true
 
-		err = d.parser.DecodeLayers(buf.Bytes(), &d.decoded)
+		err = d.decodePacket(buf.Bytes())
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		return d
@@ -1329,6 +1315,44 @@ func TestShouldForward(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
+	// Add IPv6 to the interface and test dual-stack cases
+	wgIPv6 := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	otherIPv6 := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	ifaceMock.AddressFunc = func() wgaddr.Address {
+		return wgaddr.Address{
+			IP:      wgIP,
+			Network: netip.PrefixFrom(wgIP, 24),
+			IPv6:    wgIPv6,
+			IPv6Net: netip.PrefixFrom(wgIPv6, 64),
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Re-create manager to pick up the new address with IPv6
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
+	manager, err = Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	v6Cases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		dstIP       netip.Addr
+		expected    bool
+		description string
+	}{
+		{"v6 traffic to other address", otherIPv6, true, "should forward v6 traffic not destined to our v6 address"},
+		{"v6 traffic to our v6 IP", wgIPv6, false, "should not forward traffic destined to our v6 address"},
+		{"v4 traffic to other with v6 configured", otherIP, true, "should forward v4 traffic when v6 configured"},
+		{"v4 traffic to our v4 IP with v6 configured", wgIP, false, "should not forward traffic to our v4 address"},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range v6Cases {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			manager.localForwarding = true
+			manager.netstack = false
+			decoder := createTCPDecoder(8080)
+			result := manager.shouldForward(decoder, tt.dstIP)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.expected, result, tt.description)
+		})
+	}
+
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			// Configure manager
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/endpoint.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/endpoint.go
index 692a24140..fab776f2a 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/endpoint.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/endpoint.go
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 package forwarder
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
@@ -12,12 +13,19 @@ import (
 	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
 )
 
+// PacketCapture captures raw packets for debugging. Implementations must be
+// safe for concurrent use and must not block.
+type PacketCapture interface {
+	Offer(data []byte, outbound bool)
+}
+
 // endpoint implements stack.LinkEndpoint and handles integration with the wireguard device
 type endpoint struct {
 	logger     *nblog.Logger
 	dispatcher stack.NetworkDispatcher
 	device     *wgdevice.Device
 	mtu        atomic.Uint32
+	capture    atomic.Pointer[PacketCapture]
 }
 
 func (e *endpoint) Attach(dispatcher stack.NetworkDispatcher) {
@@ -47,20 +55,31 @@ func (e *endpoint) LinkAddress() tcpip.LinkAddress {
 func (e *endpoint) WritePackets(pkts stack.PacketBufferList) (int, tcpip.Error) {
 	var written int
 	for _, pkt := range pkts.AsSlice() {
-		netHeader := header.IPv4(pkt.NetworkHeader().View().AsSlice())
-
 		data := stack.PayloadSince(pkt.NetworkHeader())
 		if data == nil {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		// Send the packet through WireGuard
-		address := netHeader.DestinationAddress()
-		err := e.device.CreateOutboundPacket(data.AsSlice(), address.AsSlice())
-		if err != nil {
+		raw := pkt.NetworkHeader().View().AsSlice()
+		if len(raw) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		var address tcpip.Address
+		if raw[0]>>4 == 6 {
+			address = header.IPv6(raw).DestinationAddress()
+		} else {
+			address = header.IPv4(raw).DestinationAddress()
+		}
+
+		pktBytes := data.AsSlice()
+		if err := e.device.CreateOutboundPacket(pktBytes, address.AsSlice()); err != nil {
 			e.logger.Error1("CreateOutboundPacket: %v", err)
 			continue
 		}
+
+		if pc := e.capture.Load(); pc != nil {
+			(*pc).Offer(pktBytes, true)
+		}
 		written++
 	}
 
@@ -103,5 +122,7 @@ type epID stack.TransportEndpointID
 
 func (i epID) String() string {
 	// src and remote is swapped
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d → %s:%d", i.RemoteAddress, i.RemotePort, i.LocalAddress, i.LocalPort)
+	return net.JoinHostPort(i.RemoteAddress.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(i.RemotePort))) +
+		" → " +
+		net.JoinHostPort(i.LocalAddress.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(i.LocalPort)))
 }
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder.go
index d17c3cd5c..7308b38bd 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder.go
@@ -5,23 +5,27 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/buffer"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv4"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/network/ipv6"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/icmp"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/udp"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/common"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/conntrack"
 	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 )
 
@@ -30,31 +34,48 @@ const (
 	defaultMaxInFlight   = 1024
 	iosReceiveWindow     = 16384
 	iosMaxInFlight       = 256
+
+	// envForceTCPRACK overrides the platform default for gVisor's RACK loss
+	// detection. Set to a truthy value to force RACK on, or a falsy value to
+	// force it off, on any platform.
+	envForceTCPRACK = "NB_FORCE_TCP_RACK"
 )
 
+// IFace provides the WireGuard device and overlay addresses the forwarder needs.
+type IFace interface {
+	GetWGDevice() *wgdevice.Device
+	Address() wgaddr.Address
+}
+
 type Forwarder struct {
 	logger     *nblog.Logger
 	flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger
 	// ruleIdMap is used to store the rule ID for a given connection
-	ruleIdMap        sync.Map
-	stack            *stack.Stack
-	endpoint         *endpoint
-	udpForwarder     *udpForwarder
-	ctx              context.Context
-	cancel           context.CancelFunc
-	ip               tcpip.Address
-	netstack         bool
-	hasRawICMPAccess bool
-	pingSemaphore    chan struct{}
+	ruleIdMap          sync.Map
+	stack              *stack.Stack
+	endpoint           *endpoint
+	udpForwarder       *udpForwarder
+	ctx                context.Context
+	cancel             context.CancelFunc
+	ip                 tcpip.Address
+	ipv6               tcpip.Address
+	netstack           bool
+	hasRawICMPAccess   bool
+	hasRawICMPv6Access bool
+	pingSemaphore      chan struct{}
 }
 
-func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, netstack bool, mtu uint16) (*Forwarder, error) {
+func New(iface IFace, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.FlowLogger, netstack bool, mtu uint16) (*Forwarder, error) {
 	s := stack.New(stack.Options{
-		NetworkProtocols: []stack.NetworkProtocolFactory{ipv4.NewProtocol},
+		NetworkProtocols: []stack.NetworkProtocolFactory{
+			ipv4.NewProtocol,
+			ipv6.NewProtocol,
+		},
 		TransportProtocols: []stack.TransportProtocolFactory{
 			tcp.NewProtocol,
 			udp.NewProtocol,
 			icmp.NewProtocol4,
+			icmp.NewProtocol6,
 		},
 		HandleLocal: false,
 	})
@@ -73,7 +94,7 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 	protoAddr := tcpip.ProtocolAddress{
 		Protocol: ipv4.ProtocolNumber,
 		AddressWithPrefix: tcpip.AddressWithPrefix{
-			Address:   tcpip.AddrFromSlice(iface.Address().IP.AsSlice()),
+			Address:   tcpip.AddrFrom4(iface.Address().IP.As4()),
 			PrefixLen: iface.Address().Network.Bits(),
 		},
 	}
@@ -82,6 +103,19 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to add protocol address: %s", err)
 	}
 
+	if v6 := iface.Address().IPv6; v6.IsValid() {
+		v6Addr := tcpip.ProtocolAddress{
+			Protocol: ipv6.ProtocolNumber,
+			AddressWithPrefix: tcpip.AddressWithPrefix{
+				Address:   tcpip.AddrFrom16(v6.As16()),
+				PrefixLen: iface.Address().IPv6Net.Bits(),
+			},
+		}
+		if err := s.AddProtocolAddress(nicID, v6Addr, stack.AddressProperties{}); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("add IPv6 protocol address: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	defaultSubnet, err := tcpip.NewSubnet(
 		tcpip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}),
 		tcpip.MaskFromBytes([]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}),
@@ -90,6 +124,14 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating default subnet: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	defaultSubnetV6, err := tcpip.NewSubnet(
+		tcpip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{}),
+		tcpip.MaskFromBytes(make([]byte, 16)),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating default v6 subnet: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	if err := s.SetPromiscuousMode(nicID, true); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set promiscuous mode: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -98,10 +140,8 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 	}
 
 	s.SetRouteTable([]tcpip.Route{
-		{
-			Destination: defaultSubnet,
-			NIC:         nicID,
-		},
+		{Destination: defaultSubnet, NIC: nicID},
+		{Destination: defaultSubnetV6, NIC: nicID},
 	})
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
@@ -114,7 +154,8 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 		ctx:           ctx,
 		cancel:        cancel,
 		netstack:      netstack,
-		ip:            tcpip.AddrFromSlice(iface.Address().IP.AsSlice()),
+		ip:            tcpip.AddrFrom4(iface.Address().IP.As4()),
+		ipv6:          addrFromNetipAddr(iface.Address().IPv6),
 		pingSemaphore: make(chan struct{}, 3),
 	}
 
@@ -125,13 +166,18 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 		maxInFlight = iosMaxInFlight
 	}
 
+	configureTCPRecovery(s)
+
 	tcpForwarder := tcp.NewForwarder(s, receiveWindow, maxInFlight, f.handleTCP)
 	s.SetTransportProtocolHandler(tcp.ProtocolNumber, tcpForwarder.HandlePacket)
 
 	udpForwarder := udp.NewForwarder(s, f.handleUDP)
 	s.SetTransportProtocolHandler(udp.ProtocolNumber, udpForwarder.HandlePacket)
 
-	s.SetTransportProtocolHandler(icmp.ProtocolNumber4, f.handleICMP)
+	// ICMP is handled directly in InjectIncomingPacket, bypassing gVisor's
+	// network layer. This avoids duplicate echo replies (v4) and the v6
+	// auto-reply bug where gVisor responds at the network layer before
+	// our transport handler fires.
 
 	f.checkICMPCapability()
 
@@ -139,9 +185,41 @@ func New(iface common.IFaceMapper, logger *nblog.Logger, flowLogger nftypes.Flow
 	return f, nil
 }
 
+// SetCapture sets or clears the packet capture on the forwarder endpoint.
+// This captures outbound packets that bypass the FilteredDevice (netstack forwarding).
+func (f *Forwarder) SetCapture(pc PacketCapture) {
+	if pc == nil {
+		f.endpoint.capture.Store(nil)
+		return
+	}
+	f.endpoint.capture.Store(&pc)
+}
+
 func (f *Forwarder) InjectIncomingPacket(payload []byte) error {
-	if len(payload) < header.IPv4MinimumSize {
-		return fmt.Errorf("packet too small: %d bytes", len(payload))
+	if len(payload) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty packet")
+	}
+
+	var protoNum tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
+	switch payload[0] >> 4 {
+	case 4:
+		if len(payload) < header.IPv4MinimumSize {
+			return fmt.Errorf("IPv4 packet too small: %d bytes", len(payload))
+		}
+		if f.handleICMPDirect(payload) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		protoNum = ipv4.ProtocolNumber
+	case 6:
+		if len(payload) < header.IPv6MinimumSize {
+			return fmt.Errorf("IPv6 packet too small: %d bytes", len(payload))
+		}
+		if f.handleICMPDirect(payload) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		protoNum = ipv6.ProtocolNumber
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown IP version: %d", payload[0]>>4)
 	}
 
 	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
@@ -150,11 +228,160 @@ func (f *Forwarder) InjectIncomingPacket(payload []byte) error {
 	defer pkt.DecRef()
 
 	if f.endpoint.dispatcher != nil {
-		f.endpoint.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket(ipv4.ProtocolNumber, pkt)
+		f.endpoint.dispatcher.DeliverNetworkPacket(protoNum, pkt)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+// handleICMPDirect intercepts ICMP packets from raw IP payloads before they
+// enter gVisor. It synthesizes the TransportEndpointID and PacketBuffer that
+// the existing handlers expect, then dispatches to handleICMP/handleICMPv6.
+// This bypasses gVisor's network layer which causes duplicate v4 echo replies
+// and auto-replies to all v6 echo requests in promiscuous mode.
+//
+// Unlike gVisor's network layer, this does not validate ICMP checksums or
+// reassemble IP fragments. Fragmented ICMP packets fall through to gVisor.
+func parseICMPv4(payload []byte) (ipHdrLen, icmpLen int, src, dst tcpip.Address, ok bool) {
+	if len(payload) < header.IPv4MinimumSize {
+		return 0, 0, src, dst, false
+	}
+	ip := header.IPv4(payload)
+	if ip.Protocol() != uint8(header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber) {
+		return 0, 0, src, dst, false
+	}
+	if ip.FragmentOffset() != 0 || ip.Flags()&header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments != 0 {
+		return 0, 0, src, dst, false
+	}
+	ipHdrLen = int(ip.HeaderLength())
+	totalLen := int(ip.TotalLength())
+	if ipHdrLen < header.IPv4MinimumSize || ipHdrLen > totalLen || totalLen > len(payload) {
+		return 0, 0, src, dst, false
+	}
+	icmpLen = totalLen - ipHdrLen
+	if icmpLen < header.ICMPv4MinimumSize {
+		return 0, 0, src, dst, false
+	}
+	return ipHdrLen, icmpLen, ip.SourceAddress(), ip.DestinationAddress(), true
+}
+
+func parseICMPv6(payload []byte) (ipHdrLen, icmpLen int, src, dst tcpip.Address, ok bool) {
+	if len(payload) < header.IPv6MinimumSize {
+		return 0, 0, src, dst, false
+	}
+	ip := header.IPv6(payload)
+	declaredLen := int(ip.PayloadLength())
+	hdrEnd := header.IPv6MinimumSize + declaredLen
+	if hdrEnd > len(payload) {
+		return 0, 0, src, dst, false
+	}
+	icmpStart, ok := skipIPv6ExtensionsToICMPv6(payload, ip.NextHeader(), hdrEnd)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, 0, src, dst, false
+	}
+	icmpLen = hdrEnd - icmpStart
+	if icmpLen < header.ICMPv6MinimumSize {
+		return 0, 0, src, dst, false
+	}
+	return icmpStart, icmpLen, ip.SourceAddress(), ip.DestinationAddress(), true
+}
+
+// skipIPv6ExtensionsToICMPv6 walks the IPv6 extension-header chain starting
+// after the fixed header. It advances past Hop-by-Hop, Routing, and
+// Destination Options headers (which share the NextHeader+ExtLen+6+ExtLen*8
+// layout) and returns the offset of the ICMPv6 payload. Fragment, ESP, AH,
+// and unknown identifiers are reported as not handleable so the caller can
+// defer to gVisor.
+func skipIPv6ExtensionsToICMPv6(payload []byte, next uint8, hdrEnd int) (int, bool) {
+	off := header.IPv6MinimumSize
+	for {
+		if next == uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber) {
+			return off, true
+		}
+		if !isWalkableIPv6ExtHdr(next) {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+		newOff, newNext, ok := advanceIPv6ExtHdr(payload, off, hdrEnd)
+		if !ok {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+		off = newOff
+		next = newNext
+	}
+}
+
+func isWalkableIPv6ExtHdr(id uint8) bool {
+	switch id {
+	case uint8(header.IPv6HopByHopOptionsExtHdrIdentifier),
+		uint8(header.IPv6RoutingExtHdrIdentifier),
+		uint8(header.IPv6DestinationOptionsExtHdrIdentifier):
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func advanceIPv6ExtHdr(payload []byte, off, hdrEnd int) (int, uint8, bool) {
+	if off+8 > hdrEnd {
+		return 0, 0, false
+	}
+	extLen := (int(payload[off+1]) + 1) * 8
+	if off+extLen > hdrEnd {
+		return 0, 0, false
+	}
+	return off + extLen, payload[off], true
+}
+
+func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPDirect(payload []byte) bool {
+	if len(payload) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	var (
+		ipHdrLen int
+		icmpLen  int
+		srcAddr  tcpip.Address
+		dstAddr  tcpip.Address
+		ok       bool
+	)
+	version := payload[0] >> 4
+	switch version {
+	case 4:
+		ipHdrLen, icmpLen, srcAddr, dstAddr, ok = parseICMPv4(payload)
+	case 6:
+		ipHdrLen, icmpLen, srcAddr, dstAddr, ok = parseICMPv6(payload)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Let gVisor handle ICMP destined for our own addresses natively.
+	// Its network-layer auto-reply is correct and efficient for local traffic.
+	if f.ip.Equal(dstAddr) || f.ipv6.Equal(dstAddr) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	id := stack.TransportEndpointID{
+		LocalAddress:  dstAddr,
+		RemoteAddress: srcAddr,
+	}
+
+	// Trim the buffer to the IP-declared length so gVisor doesn't see padding.
+	pkt := stack.NewPacketBuffer(stack.PacketBufferOptions{
+		Payload: buffer.MakeWithData(payload[:ipHdrLen+icmpLen]),
+	})
+	defer pkt.DecRef()
+
+	if _, ok := pkt.NetworkHeader().Consume(ipHdrLen); !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	if _, ok := pkt.TransportHeader().Consume(icmpLen); !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if version == 6 {
+		return f.handleICMPv6(id, pkt)
+	}
+	return f.handleICMP(id, pkt)
+}
+
 // Stop gracefully shuts down the forwarder
 func (f *Forwarder) Stop() {
 	f.cancel()
@@ -167,11 +394,14 @@ func (f *Forwarder) Stop() {
 	f.stack.Wait()
 }
 
-func (f *Forwarder) determineDialAddr(addr tcpip.Address) net.IP {
+func (f *Forwarder) determineDialAddr(addr tcpip.Address) netip.Addr {
 	if f.netstack && f.ip.Equal(addr) {
-		return net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1)
+		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})
 	}
-	return addr.AsSlice()
+	if f.netstack && f.ipv6.Equal(addr) {
+		return netip.IPv6Loopback()
+	}
+	return addrToNetipAddr(addr)
 }
 
 func (f *Forwarder) RegisterRuleID(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16, ruleID []byte) {
@@ -205,23 +435,78 @@ func buildKey(srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, srcPort, dstPort uint16) conntrack.ConnKe
 	}
 }
 
+// addrFromNetipAddr converts a netip.Addr to a gvisor tcpip.Address without allocating.
+func addrFromNetipAddr(addr netip.Addr) tcpip.Address {
+	if !addr.IsValid() {
+		return tcpip.Address{}
+	}
+	if addr.Is4() {
+		return tcpip.AddrFrom4(addr.As4())
+	}
+	return tcpip.AddrFrom16(addr.As16())
+}
+
+// addrToNetipAddr converts a gvisor tcpip.Address to netip.Addr without allocating.
+func addrToNetipAddr(addr tcpip.Address) netip.Addr {
+	switch addr.Len() {
+	case 4:
+		return netip.AddrFrom4(addr.As4())
+	case 16:
+		return netip.AddrFrom16(addr.As16())
+	default:
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+}
+
 // checkICMPCapability tests whether we have raw ICMP socket access at startup.
 func (f *Forwarder) checkICMPCapability() {
+	f.hasRawICMPAccess = probeRawICMP("ip4:icmp", "0.0.0.0", f.logger)
+	f.hasRawICMPv6Access = probeRawICMP("ip6:ipv6-icmp", "::", f.logger)
+}
+
+func probeRawICMP(network, addr string, logger *nblog.Logger) bool {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
 	defer cancel()
 
 	lc := net.ListenConfig{}
-	conn, err := lc.ListenPacket(ctx, "ip4:icmp", "0.0.0.0")
+	conn, err := lc.ListenPacket(ctx, network, addr)
 	if err != nil {
-		f.hasRawICMPAccess = false
-		f.logger.Debug("forwarder: No raw ICMP socket access, will use ping binary fallback")
-		return
+		logger.Debug1("forwarder: no raw %s socket access, will use ping binary fallback", network)
+		return false
 	}
 
 	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
-		f.logger.Debug1("forwarder: Failed to close ICMP capability test socket: %v", err)
+		logger.Debug2("forwarder: failed to close %s capability test socket: %v", network, err)
 	}
 
-	f.hasRawICMPAccess = true
-	f.logger.Debug("forwarder: Raw ICMP socket access available")
+	logger.Debug1("forwarder: raw %s socket access available", network)
+	return true
+}
+
+// configureTCPRecovery disables gVisor's RACK loss detection on Windows, where
+// it interacts poorly with the host and collapses throughput on routed TCP
+// connections (gVisor issue #9778). Other platforms keep the default. The
+// EnvForceTCPRACK environment variable overrides the platform default.
+func configureTCPRecovery(s *stack.Stack) {
+	disableRACK := runtime.GOOS == "windows"
+
+	if val := os.Getenv(envForceTCPRACK); val != "" {
+		force, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("parse %s: %v", envForceTCPRACK, err)
+		} else {
+			disableRACK = !force
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !disableRACK {
+		return
+	}
+
+	opt := tcpip.TCPRecovery(0)
+	if err := s.SetTransportProtocolOption(tcp.ProtocolNumber, &opt); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("disable TCP RACK loss detection: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	log.Info("forwarder: TCP RACK loss detection disabled")
 }
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad74e8493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/forwarder_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+package forwarder
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip"
+	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
+)
+
+const echoRequestSize = 8
+
+func makeIPv6(t *testing.T, src, dst netip.Addr, nextHdr uint8, payload []byte) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	buf := make([]byte, header.IPv6MinimumSize+len(payload))
+	ip := header.IPv6(buf)
+	ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
+		PayloadLength:     uint16(len(payload)),
+		TransportProtocol: 0, // overwritten below to allow any value
+		HopLimit:          64,
+		SrcAddr:           tcpipAddrFromNetip(src),
+		DstAddr:           tcpipAddrFromNetip(dst),
+	})
+	buf[6] = nextHdr
+	copy(buf[header.IPv6MinimumSize:], payload)
+	return buf
+}
+
+func tcpipAddrFromNetip(a netip.Addr) tcpip.Address {
+	b := a.As16()
+	return tcpip.AddrFrom16(b)
+}
+
+func echoRequest() []byte {
+	icmp := make([]byte, echoRequestSize)
+	icmp[0] = uint8(header.ICMPv6EchoRequest)
+	return icmp
+}
+
+// extHdr builds a generic IPv6 extension header (HBH/Routing/DestOpts) of the
+// given total octet length (must be multiple of 8, >= 8) with the given next
+// header.
+func extHdr(t *testing.T, next uint8, totalLen int) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, totalLen, 8)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, totalLen%8)
+	buf := make([]byte, totalLen)
+	buf[0] = next
+	buf[1] = uint8(totalLen/8 - 1)
+	return buf
+}
+
+func TestParseICMPv6_NoExtensions(t *testing.T) {
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	pkt := makeIPv6(t, src, dst, uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber), echoRequest())
+
+	off, icmpLen, _, _, ok := parseICMPv6(pkt)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, header.IPv6MinimumSize, off)
+	assert.Equal(t, echoRequestSize, icmpLen)
+}
+
+func TestParseICMPv6_SingleExtension(t *testing.T) {
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	hbh := extHdr(t, uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber), 8)
+	payload := append([]byte{}, hbh...)
+	payload = append(payload, echoRequest()...)
+	pkt := makeIPv6(t, src, dst, uint8(header.IPv6HopByHopOptionsExtHdrIdentifier), payload)
+
+	off, icmpLen, _, _, ok := parseICMPv6(pkt)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, header.IPv6MinimumSize+8, off)
+	assert.Equal(t, echoRequestSize, icmpLen)
+}
+
+func TestParseICMPv6_ChainedExtensions(t *testing.T) {
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	dest := extHdr(t, uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber), 16)
+	rt := extHdr(t, uint8(header.IPv6DestinationOptionsExtHdrIdentifier), 8)
+	hbh := extHdr(t, uint8(header.IPv6RoutingExtHdrIdentifier), 8)
+	payload := append(append(append([]byte{}, hbh...), rt...), dest...)
+	payload = append(payload, echoRequest()...)
+	pkt := makeIPv6(t, src, dst, uint8(header.IPv6HopByHopOptionsExtHdrIdentifier), payload)
+
+	off, icmpLen, _, _, ok := parseICMPv6(pkt)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, header.IPv6MinimumSize+8+8+16, off)
+	assert.Equal(t, echoRequestSize, icmpLen)
+}
+
+func TestParseICMPv6_FragmentDefersToGVisor(t *testing.T) {
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	pkt := makeIPv6(t, src, dst, uint8(header.IPv6FragmentExtHdrIdentifier), make([]byte, 8))
+
+	_, _, _, _, ok := parseICMPv6(pkt)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestParseICMPv6_TruncatedExtension(t *testing.T) {
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	// Extension claims 16 bytes but only 8 remain after the IP header.
+	hbh := []byte{uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber), 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
+	pkt := makeIPv6(t, src, dst, uint8(header.IPv6HopByHopOptionsExtHdrIdentifier), hbh)
+
+	_, _, _, _, ok := parseICMPv6(pkt)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestParseICMPv6_TruncatedICMPPayload(t *testing.T) {
+	src := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	dst := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	// PayloadLength claims 8 bytes of ICMPv6 but the buffer only holds 4.
+	pkt := makeIPv6(t, src, dst, uint8(header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber), make([]byte, 8))
+	pkt = pkt[:header.IPv6MinimumSize+4]
+
+	_, _, _, _, ok := parseICMPv6(pkt)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestParseICMPv4_RejectsShortIHL(t *testing.T) {
+	pkt := make([]byte, 28)
+	pkt[0] = 0x44 // version 4, IHL 4 (16 bytes - below minimum)
+	pkt[9] = uint8(header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber)
+	header.IPv4(pkt).SetTotalLength(28)
+
+	_, _, _, _, ok := parseICMPv4(pkt)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestParseICMPv4_RejectsTotalLenOverBuffer(t *testing.T) {
+	pkt := make([]byte, header.IPv4MinimumSize+header.ICMPv4MinimumSize)
+	ip := header.IPv4(pkt)
+	ip.Encode(&header.IPv4Fields{
+		TotalLength: uint16(len(pkt) + 16),
+		Protocol:    uint8(header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber),
+		TTL:         64,
+	})
+
+	_, _, _, _, ok := parseICMPv4(pkt)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestParseICMPv4_RejectsFragment(t *testing.T) {
+	pkt := make([]byte, header.IPv4MinimumSize+header.ICMPv4MinimumSize)
+	ip := header.IPv4(pkt)
+	ip.Encode(&header.IPv4Fields{
+		TotalLength: uint16(len(pkt)),
+		Protocol:    uint8(header.ICMPv4ProtocolNumber),
+		TTL:         64,
+		Flags:       header.IPv4FlagMoreFragments,
+	})
+
+	_, _, _, _, ok := parseICMPv4(pkt)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go
index cb3db325d..94a50570f 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/icmp.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/header"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/stack"
 
+	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 )
 
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt *stack.PacketBu
 	}
 
 	icmpData := stack.PayloadSince(pkt.TransportHeader()).AsSlice()
-	conn, err := f.forwardICMPPacket(id, icmpData, uint8(icmpHdr.Type()), uint8(icmpHdr.Code()), 100*time.Millisecond)
+	conn, err := f.forwardICMPPacket(id, icmpData, uint8(icmpHdr.Type()), uint8(icmpHdr.Code()), false, 100*time.Millisecond)
 	if err != nil {
 		f.logger.Error2("forwarder: Failed to forward ICMP packet for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		return true
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPEcho(flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointI
 			defer func() { <-f.pingSemaphore }()
 
 			if f.hasRawICMPAccess {
-				f.handleICMPViaSocket(flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, icmpData, rxBytes)
+				f.handleICMPViaSocket(flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, icmpData, rxBytes, false)
 			} else {
 				f.handleICMPViaPing(flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, icmpData, rxBytes)
 			}
@@ -72,18 +73,23 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPEcho(flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointI
 
 // forwardICMPPacket creates a raw ICMP socket and sends the packet, returning the connection.
 // The caller is responsible for closing the returned connection.
-func (f *Forwarder) forwardICMPPacket(id stack.TransportEndpointID, payload []byte, icmpType, icmpCode uint8, timeout time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+func (f *Forwarder) forwardICMPPacket(id stack.TransportEndpointID, payload []byte, icmpType, icmpCode uint8, v6 bool, timeout time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(f.ctx, timeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
+	network, listenAddr := "ip4:icmp", "0.0.0.0"
+	if v6 {
+		network, listenAddr = "ip6:ipv6-icmp", "::"
+	}
+
 	lc := net.ListenConfig{}
-	conn, err := lc.ListenPacket(ctx, "ip4:icmp", "0.0.0.0")
+	conn, err := lc.ListenPacket(ctx, network, listenAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create ICMP socket: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	dstIP := f.determineDialAddr(id.LocalAddress)
-	dst := &net.IPAddr{IP: dstIP}
+	dst := &net.IPAddr{IP: dstIP.AsSlice()}
 
 	if _, err = conn.WriteTo(payload, dst); err != nil {
 		if closeErr := conn.Close(); closeErr != nil {
@@ -92,17 +98,19 @@ func (f *Forwarder) forwardICMPPacket(id stack.TransportEndpointID, payload []by
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write ICMP packet: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	f.logger.Trace3("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP packet %v type %v code %v",
-		epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode)
+	if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		f.logger.Trace3("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP packet %v type %v code %v",
+			epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode)
+	}
 
 	return conn, nil
 }
 
-// handleICMPViaSocket handles ICMP echo requests using raw sockets.
-func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPViaSocket(flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpType, icmpCode uint8, icmpData []byte, rxBytes int) {
+// handleICMPViaSocket handles ICMP echo requests using raw sockets for both v4 and v6.
+func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPViaSocket(flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpType, icmpCode uint8, icmpData []byte, rxBytes int, v6 bool) {
 	sendTime := time.Now()
 
-	conn, err := f.forwardICMPPacket(id, icmpData, icmpType, icmpCode, 5*time.Second)
+	conn, err := f.forwardICMPPacket(id, icmpData, icmpType, icmpCode, v6, 5*time.Second)
 	if err != nil {
 		f.logger.Error2("forwarder: Failed to send ICMP packet for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
 		return
@@ -113,16 +121,22 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPViaSocket(flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndp
 		}
 	}()
 
-	txBytes := f.handleEchoResponse(conn, id)
+	txBytes := f.handleEchoResponse(conn, id, v6)
 	rtt := time.Since(sendTime).Round(10 * time.Microsecond)
 
-	f.logger.Trace4("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP echo reply %v type %v code %v (rtt=%v, raw socket)",
-		epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode, rtt)
+	if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		proto := "ICMP"
+		if v6 {
+			proto = "ICMPv6"
+		}
+		f.logger.Trace5("forwarder: Forwarded %s echo reply %v type %v code %v (rtt=%v, raw socket)",
+			proto, epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode, rtt)
+	}
 
 	f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, uint64(rxBytes), uint64(txBytes))
 }
 
-func (f *Forwarder) handleEchoResponse(conn net.PacketConn, id stack.TransportEndpointID) int {
+func (f *Forwarder) handleEchoResponse(conn net.PacketConn, id stack.TransportEndpointID, v6 bool) int {
 	if err := conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)); err != nil {
 		f.logger.Error1("forwarder: Failed to set read deadline for ICMP response: %v", err)
 		return 0
@@ -137,6 +151,19 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleEchoResponse(conn net.PacketConn, id stack.TransportEn
 		return 0
 	}
 
+	if v6 {
+		// Recompute checksum: the raw socket response has a checksum computed
+		// over the real endpoint addresses, but we inject with overlay addresses.
+		icmpHdr := header.ICMPv6(response[:n])
+		icmpHdr.SetChecksum(0)
+		icmpHdr.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(header.ICMPv6ChecksumParams{
+			Header: icmpHdr,
+			Src:    id.LocalAddress,
+			Dst:    id.RemoteAddress,
+		}))
+		return f.injectICMPv6Reply(id, response[:n])
+	}
+
 	return f.injectICMPReply(id, response[:n])
 }
 
@@ -150,19 +177,23 @@ func (f *Forwarder) sendICMPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.T
 		txPackets = 1
 	}
 
-	srcIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4())
-	dstIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4())
+	srcIp := addrToNetipAddr(id.RemoteAddress)
+	dstIp := addrToNetipAddr(id.LocalAddress)
+
+	proto := nftypes.ICMP
+	if srcIp.Is6() {
+		proto = nftypes.ICMPv6
+	}
 
 	fields := nftypes.EventFields{
 		FlowID:    flowID,
 		Type:      typ,
 		Direction: nftypes.Ingress,
-		Protocol:  nftypes.ICMP,
-		// TODO: handle ipv6
-		SourceIP: srcIp,
-		DestIP:   dstIp,
-		ICMPType: icmpType,
-		ICMPCode: icmpCode,
+		Protocol:  proto,
+		SourceIP:  srcIp,
+		DestIP:    dstIp,
+		ICMPType:  icmpType,
+		ICMPCode:  icmpCode,
 
 		RxBytes:   rxBytes,
 		TxBytes:   txBytes,
@@ -198,37 +229,183 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPViaPing(flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpoi
 	}
 	rtt := time.Since(pingStart).Round(10 * time.Microsecond)
 
-	f.logger.Trace3("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP echo request %v type %v code %v",
-		epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode)
+	if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		f.logger.Trace3("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP echo request %v type %v code %v",
+			epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode)
+	}
 
 	txBytes := f.synthesizeEchoReply(id, icmpData)
 
-	f.logger.Trace4("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP echo reply %v type %v code %v (rtt=%v, ping binary)",
+	if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		f.logger.Trace4("forwarder: Forwarded ICMP echo reply %v type %v code %v (rtt=%v, ping binary)",
+			epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode, rtt)
+	}
+
+	f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, uint64(rxBytes), uint64(txBytes))
+}
+
+// handleICMPv6 handles ICMPv6 packets from the network stack.
+func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPv6(id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer) bool {
+	icmpHdr := header.ICMPv6(pkt.TransportHeader().View().AsSlice())
+
+	flowID := uuid.New()
+	f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeStart, flowID, id, uint8(icmpHdr.Type()), uint8(icmpHdr.Code()), 0, 0)
+
+	if icmpHdr.Type() == header.ICMPv6EchoRequest {
+		return f.handleICMPv6Echo(flowID, id, pkt, uint8(icmpHdr.Type()), uint8(icmpHdr.Code()))
+	}
+
+	// For non-echo types (Destination Unreachable, Packet Too Big, etc), forward without waiting
+	if !f.hasRawICMPv6Access {
+		f.logger.Debug2("forwarder: Cannot handle ICMPv6 type %v without raw socket access for %v", icmpHdr.Type(), epID(id))
+		return false
+	}
+
+	icmpData := stack.PayloadSince(pkt.TransportHeader()).AsSlice()
+	conn, err := f.forwardICMPPacket(id, icmpData, uint8(icmpHdr.Type()), uint8(icmpHdr.Code()), true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	if err != nil {
+		f.logger.Error2("forwarder: Failed to forward ICMPv6 packet for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
+		return true
+	}
+	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		f.logger.Debug1("forwarder: Failed to close ICMPv6 socket: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+// handleICMPv6Echo handles ICMPv6 echo requests via raw socket or ping binary fallback.
+func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPv6Echo(flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, pkt *stack.PacketBuffer, icmpType, icmpCode uint8) bool {
+	select {
+	case f.pingSemaphore <- struct{}{}:
+		icmpData := stack.PayloadSince(pkt.TransportHeader()).ToSlice()
+		rxBytes := pkt.Size()
+
+		go func() {
+			defer func() { <-f.pingSemaphore }()
+
+			if f.hasRawICMPv6Access {
+				f.handleICMPViaSocket(flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, icmpData, rxBytes, true)
+			} else {
+				f.handleICMPv6ViaPing(flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, icmpData, rxBytes)
+			}
+		}()
+	default:
+		f.logger.Debug3("forwarder: ICMPv6 rate limit exceeded for %v type %v code %v", epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// handleICMPv6ViaPing uses the system ping6 binary for ICMPv6 echo.
+func (f *Forwarder) handleICMPv6ViaPing(flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpType, icmpCode uint8, icmpData []byte, rxBytes int) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(f.ctx, 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	dstIP := f.determineDialAddr(id.LocalAddress)
+	cmd := buildPingCommand(ctx, dstIP, 5*time.Second)
+
+	pingStart := time.Now()
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		f.logger.Warn4("forwarder: Ping6 failed for %v type %v code %v: %v", epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode, err)
+		return
+	}
+	rtt := time.Since(pingStart).Round(10 * time.Microsecond)
+
+	f.logger.Trace3("forwarder: Forwarded ICMPv6 echo request %v type %v code %v",
+		epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode)
+
+	txBytes := f.synthesizeICMPv6EchoReply(id, icmpData)
+
+	f.logger.Trace4("forwarder: Forwarded ICMPv6 echo reply %v type %v code %v (rtt=%v, ping binary)",
 		epID(id), icmpType, icmpCode, rtt)
 
 	f.sendICMPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, icmpType, icmpCode, uint64(rxBytes), uint64(txBytes))
 }
 
+// synthesizeICMPv6EchoReply creates an ICMPv6 echo reply and injects it back.
+func (f *Forwarder) synthesizeICMPv6EchoReply(id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpData []byte) int {
+	replyICMP := make([]byte, len(icmpData))
+	copy(replyICMP, icmpData)
+
+	replyHdr := header.ICMPv6(replyICMP)
+	replyHdr.SetType(header.ICMPv6EchoReply)
+	replyHdr.SetChecksum(0)
+	// ICMPv6Checksum computes the pseudo-header internally from Src/Dst.
+	// Header contains the full ICMP message, so PayloadCsum/PayloadLen are zero.
+	replyHdr.SetChecksum(header.ICMPv6Checksum(header.ICMPv6ChecksumParams{
+		Header: replyHdr,
+		Src:    id.LocalAddress,
+		Dst:    id.RemoteAddress,
+	}))
+
+	return f.injectICMPv6Reply(id, replyICMP)
+}
+
+// injectICMPv6Reply wraps an ICMPv6 payload in an IPv6 header and sends to the peer.
+func (f *Forwarder) injectICMPv6Reply(id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpPayload []byte) int {
+	ipHdr := make([]byte, header.IPv6MinimumSize)
+	ip := header.IPv6(ipHdr)
+	ip.Encode(&header.IPv6Fields{
+		PayloadLength:     uint16(len(icmpPayload)),
+		TransportProtocol: header.ICMPv6ProtocolNumber,
+		HopLimit:          64,
+		SrcAddr:           id.LocalAddress,
+		DstAddr:           id.RemoteAddress,
+	})
+
+	fullPacket := make([]byte, 0, len(ipHdr)+len(icmpPayload))
+	fullPacket = append(fullPacket, ipHdr...)
+	fullPacket = append(fullPacket, icmpPayload...)
+
+	if err := f.endpoint.device.CreateOutboundPacket(fullPacket, id.RemoteAddress.AsSlice()); err != nil {
+		f.logger.Error1("forwarder: Failed to send ICMPv6 reply to peer: %v", err)
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	if pc := f.endpoint.capture.Load(); pc != nil {
+		(*pc).Offer(fullPacket, true)
+	}
+
+	return len(fullPacket)
+}
+
+const (
+	pingBin  = "ping"
+	ping6Bin = "ping6"
+)
+
 // buildPingCommand creates a platform-specific ping command.
-func buildPingCommand(ctx context.Context, target net.IP, timeout time.Duration) *exec.Cmd {
+// Most platforms auto-detect IPv6 from raw addresses. macOS/iOS/OpenBSD require ping6.
+func buildPingCommand(ctx context.Context, target netip.Addr, timeout time.Duration) *exec.Cmd {
 	timeoutSec := int(timeout.Seconds())
 	if timeoutSec < 1 {
 		timeoutSec = 1
 	}
 
+	isV6 := target.Is6()
+	timeoutStr := fmt.Sprintf("%d", timeoutSec)
+
 	switch runtime.GOOS {
 	case "linux", "android":
-		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "ping", "-c", "1", "-W", fmt.Sprintf("%d", timeoutSec), "-q", target.String())
+		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, pingBin, "-c", "1", "-W", timeoutStr, "-q", target.String())
 	case "darwin", "ios":
-		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "ping", "-c", "1", "-t", fmt.Sprintf("%d", timeoutSec), "-q", target.String())
+		bin := pingBin
+		if isV6 {
+			bin = ping6Bin
+		}
+		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin, "-c", "1", "-t", timeoutStr, "-q", target.String())
 	case "freebsd":
-		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "ping", "-c", "1", "-t", fmt.Sprintf("%d", timeoutSec), target.String())
+		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, pingBin, "-c", "1", "-t", timeoutStr, target.String())
 	case "openbsd", "netbsd":
-		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "ping", "-c", "1", "-w", fmt.Sprintf("%d", timeoutSec), target.String())
+		bin := pingBin
+		if isV6 {
+			bin = ping6Bin
+		}
+		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, bin, "-c", "1", "-w", timeoutStr, target.String())
 	case "windows":
-		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "ping", "-n", "1", "-w", fmt.Sprintf("%d", timeoutSec*1000), target.String())
+		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, pingBin, "-n", "1", "-w", fmt.Sprintf("%d", timeoutSec*1000), target.String())
 	default:
-		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "ping", "-c", "1", target.String())
+		return exec.CommandContext(ctx, pingBin, "-c", "1", target.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -270,5 +447,9 @@ func (f *Forwarder) injectICMPReply(id stack.TransportEndpointID, icmpPayload []
 		return 0
 	}
 
+	if pc := f.endpoint.capture.Load(); pc != nil {
+		(*pc).Offer(fullPacket, true)
+	}
+
 	return len(fullPacket)
 }
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/tcp.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/tcp.go
index aef420061..c65ebcde0 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/tcp.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/tcp.go
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 package forwarder
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"sync"
+	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 
@@ -16,7 +12,9 @@ import (
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp"
 	"gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/waiter"
 
+	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/netrelay"
 )
 
 // handleTCP is called by the TCP forwarder for new connections.
@@ -33,12 +31,14 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleTCP(r *tcp.ForwarderRequest) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	dialAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", f.determineDialAddr(id.LocalAddress), id.LocalPort)
+	dialAddr := net.JoinHostPort(f.determineDialAddr(id.LocalAddress).String(), strconv.Itoa(int(id.LocalPort)))
 
 	outConn, err := (&net.Dialer{}).DialContext(f.ctx, "tcp", dialAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		r.Complete(true)
-		f.logger.Trace2("forwarder: dial error for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
+		if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			f.logger.Trace2("forwarder: dial error for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
+		}
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -61,64 +61,22 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleTCP(r *tcp.ForwarderRequest) {
 	inConn := gonet.NewTCPConn(&wq, ep)
 
 	success = true
-	f.logger.Trace1("forwarder: established TCP connection %v", epID(id))
+	if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		f.logger.Trace1("forwarder: established TCP connection %v", epID(id))
+	}
 
 	go f.proxyTCP(id, inConn, outConn, ep, flowID)
 }
 
 func (f *Forwarder) proxyTCP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, inConn *gonet.TCPConn, outConn net.Conn, ep tcpip.Endpoint, flowID uuid.UUID) {
+	// netrelay.Relay copies bidirectionally with proper half-close propagation
+	// and fully closes both conns before returning.
+	bytesFromInToOut, bytesFromOutToIn := netrelay.Relay(f.ctx, inConn, outConn, netrelay.Options{
+		Logger: f.logger,
+	})
 
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(f.ctx)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	go func() {
-		<-ctx.Done()
-		// Close connections and endpoint.
-		if err := inConn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
-			f.logger.Debug1("forwarder: inConn close error: %v", err)
-		}
-		if err := outConn.Close(); err != nil && !isClosedError(err) {
-			f.logger.Debug1("forwarder: outConn close error: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		ep.Close()
-	}()
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	wg.Add(2)
-
-	var (
-		bytesFromInToOut int64 // bytes from client to server (tx for client)
-		bytesFromOutToIn int64 // bytes from server to client (rx for client)
-		errInToOut       error
-		errOutToIn       error
-	)
-
-	go func() {
-		bytesFromInToOut, errInToOut = io.Copy(outConn, inConn)
-		cancel()
-		wg.Done()
-	}()
-
-	go func() {
-
-		bytesFromOutToIn, errOutToIn = io.Copy(inConn, outConn)
-		cancel()
-		wg.Done()
-	}()
-
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	if errInToOut != nil {
-		if !isClosedError(errInToOut) {
-			f.logger.Error2("proxyTCP: copy error (in → out) for %s: %v", epID(id), errInToOut)
-		}
-	}
-	if errOutToIn != nil {
-		if !isClosedError(errOutToIn) {
-			f.logger.Error2("proxyTCP: copy error (out → in) for %s: %v", epID(id), errOutToIn)
-		}
-	}
+	// Close the netstack endpoint after both conns are drained.
+	ep.Close()
 
 	var rxPackets, txPackets uint64
 	if tcpStats, ok := ep.Stats().(*tcp.Stats); ok {
@@ -127,21 +85,22 @@ func (f *Forwarder) proxyTCP(id stack.TransportEndpointID, inConn *gonet.TCPConn
 		txPackets = tcpStats.SegmentsReceived.Value()
 	}
 
-	f.logger.Trace5("forwarder: Removed TCP connection %s [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]", epID(id), rxPackets, bytesFromOutToIn, txPackets, bytesFromInToOut)
+	if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		f.logger.Trace5("forwarder: Removed TCP connection %s [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]", epID(id), rxPackets, bytesFromOutToIn, txPackets, bytesFromInToOut)
+	}
 
 	f.sendTCPEvent(nftypes.TypeEnd, flowID, id, uint64(bytesFromOutToIn), uint64(bytesFromInToOut), rxPackets, txPackets)
 }
 
 func (f *Forwarder) sendTCPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, rxBytes, txBytes, rxPackets, txPackets uint64) {
-	srcIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4())
-	dstIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4())
+	srcIp := addrToNetipAddr(id.RemoteAddress)
+	dstIp := addrToNetipAddr(id.LocalAddress)
 
 	fields := nftypes.EventFields{
-		FlowID:    flowID,
-		Type:      typ,
-		Direction: nftypes.Ingress,
-		Protocol:  nftypes.TCP,
-		// TODO: handle ipv6
+		FlowID:     flowID,
+		Type:       typ,
+		Direction:  nftypes.Ingress,
+		Protocol:   nftypes.TCP,
 		SourceIP:   srcIp,
 		DestIP:     dstIp,
 		SourcePort: id.RemotePort,
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/udp.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/udp.go
index f175e275b..d840ef06b 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/udp.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder/udp.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
-	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -125,7 +125,9 @@ func (f *udpForwarder) cleanup() {
 				delete(f.conns, idle.id)
 				f.Unlock()
 
-				f.logger.Trace1("forwarder: cleaned up idle UDP connection %v", epID(idle.id))
+				if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+					f.logger.Trace1("forwarder: cleaned up idle UDP connection %v", epID(idle.id))
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -144,7 +146,9 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleUDP(r *udp.ForwarderRequest) bool {
 	_, exists := f.udpForwarder.conns[id]
 	f.udpForwarder.RUnlock()
 	if exists {
-		f.logger.Trace1("forwarder: existing UDP connection for %v", epID(id))
+		if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+			f.logger.Trace1("forwarder: existing UDP connection for %v", epID(id))
+		}
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -158,7 +162,7 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleUDP(r *udp.ForwarderRequest) bool {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	dstAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", f.determineDialAddr(id.LocalAddress), id.LocalPort)
+	dstAddr := net.JoinHostPort(f.determineDialAddr(id.LocalAddress).String(), strconv.Itoa(int(id.LocalPort)))
 	outConn, err := (&net.Dialer{}).DialContext(f.ctx, "udp", dstAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		f.logger.Debug2("forwarder: UDP dial error for %v: %v", epID(id), err)
@@ -206,7 +210,9 @@ func (f *Forwarder) handleUDP(r *udp.ForwarderRequest) bool {
 	f.udpForwarder.Unlock()
 
 	success = true
-	f.logger.Trace1("forwarder: established UDP connection %v", epID(id))
+	if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		f.logger.Trace1("forwarder: established UDP connection %v", epID(id))
+	}
 
 	go f.proxyUDP(connCtx, pConn, id, ep)
 	return true
@@ -265,7 +271,9 @@ func (f *Forwarder) proxyUDP(ctx context.Context, pConn *udpPacketConn, id stack
 		txPackets = udpStats.PacketsReceived.Value()
 	}
 
-	f.logger.Trace5("forwarder: Removed UDP connection %s [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]", epID(id), rxPackets, rxBytes, txPackets, txBytes)
+	if f.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		f.logger.Trace5("forwarder: Removed UDP connection %s [in: %d Pkts/%d B, out: %d Pkts/%d B]", epID(id), rxPackets, rxBytes, txPackets, txBytes)
+	}
 
 	f.udpForwarder.Lock()
 	delete(f.udpForwarder.conns, id)
@@ -276,15 +284,14 @@ func (f *Forwarder) proxyUDP(ctx context.Context, pConn *udpPacketConn, id stack
 
 // sendUDPEvent stores flow events for UDP connections
 func (f *Forwarder) sendUDPEvent(typ nftypes.Type, flowID uuid.UUID, id stack.TransportEndpointID, rxBytes, txBytes, rxPackets, txPackets uint64) {
-	srcIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.RemoteAddress.As4())
-	dstIp := netip.AddrFrom4(id.LocalAddress.As4())
+	srcIp := addrToNetipAddr(id.RemoteAddress)
+	dstIp := addrToNetipAddr(id.LocalAddress)
 
 	fields := nftypes.EventFields{
-		FlowID:    flowID,
-		Type:      typ,
-		Direction: nftypes.Ingress,
-		Protocol:  nftypes.UDP,
-		// TODO: handle ipv6
+		FlowID:     flowID,
+		Type:       typ,
+		Direction:  nftypes.Ingress,
+		Protocol:   nftypes.UDP,
 		SourceIP:   srcIp,
 		DestIP:     dstIp,
 		SourcePort: id.RemotePort,
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/fragment.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/fragment.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..accc54365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/fragment.go
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
+)
+
+const (
+	// defaultFragmentTimeout bounds how long a first-fragment verdict is kept
+	// while the remaining fragments arrive. It mirrors the Linux IP reassembly
+	// timeout (net.ipv4.ipfrag_time).
+	defaultFragmentTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+	// fragmentCleanupInterval is how often expired verdicts are purged.
+	fragmentCleanupInterval = 10 * time.Second
+	// defaultMaxFragmentEntries caps the number of concurrently tracked
+	// fragmented datagrams. The table stays bounded because each datagram is a
+	// single small entry regardless of how many fragments it is split into, and
+	// the 13-bit IPv4 fragment-offset field limits any datagram to 64 KiB.
+	defaultMaxFragmentEntries = 16384
+
+	// EnvFragmentMaxEntries overrides defaultMaxFragmentEntries.
+	EnvFragmentMaxEntries = "NB_FRAGMENT_MAX_ENTRIES"
+)
+
+// fragmentVerdict is the decision for a trailing (headerless) fragment.
+type fragmentVerdict int
+
+const (
+	// fragmentDeny drops the fragment: no allowed first fragment is on record.
+	fragmentDeny fragmentVerdict = iota
+	// fragmentAllow passes the fragment: it belongs to an allowed datagram and
+	// does not overlap the already-inspected transport header.
+	fragmentAllow
+	// fragmentOverlap drops the fragment and poisons its datagram: it overlaps
+	// the transport header the ACL inspected (RFC 1858 §4, RFC 3128; RFC 5722
+	// requires discarding the whole datagram on overlap for IPv6).
+	fragmentOverlap
+)
+
+// fragmentKey identifies a fragmented datagram. It matches the RFC 791 / RFC
+// 8200 reassembly key: source, destination, protocol and identification. The id
+// is 32-bit to hold both the IPv4 (16-bit) and IPv6 (32-bit) identification.
+type fragmentKey struct {
+	srcIP netip.Addr
+	dstIP netip.Addr
+	id    uint32
+	proto uint8
+}
+
+// fragmentEntry records the verdict of an allowed first fragment.
+type fragmentEntry struct {
+	// headerEndOctets is the offset, in 8-byte units, at which the first
+	// fragment's payload ended. A trailing fragment starting before this
+	// overlaps bytes the ACL already inspected and is rejected.
+	headerEndOctets uint16
+	// recordedAt is when the first fragment was accepted. The verdict expires a
+	// fixed timeout later and is not refreshed, mirroring the kernel reassembly
+	// timer so a trailing-fragment flood can't keep a datagram alive.
+	recordedAt time.Time
+}
+
+// fragmentTracker records the ACL verdict of a datagram's first fragment so the
+// remaining fragments, which carry no L4 header, can inherit the decision
+// without reassembling the datagram. Only allowed first fragments are stored;
+// anything that cannot be tied to an allowed, non-overlapping first fragment is
+// dropped (fail closed).
+type fragmentTracker struct {
+	logger  *nblog.Logger
+	mutex   sync.Mutex
+	entries map[fragmentKey]fragmentEntry
+	timeout time.Duration
+	// maxEntries caps the table; atCapacity dedups the capacity warning until
+	// the table drains below the cap again.
+	maxEntries    int
+	atCapacity    bool
+	cleanupTicker *time.Ticker
+	cancel        context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+func newFragmentTracker(logger *nblog.Logger) *fragmentTracker {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t := &fragmentTracker{
+		logger:        logger,
+		entries:       make(map[fragmentKey]fragmentEntry),
+		timeout:       defaultFragmentTimeout,
+		maxEntries:    fragmentMaxEntries(logger),
+		cleanupTicker: time.NewTicker(fragmentCleanupInterval),
+		cancel:        cancel,
+	}
+	go t.cleanupRoutine(ctx)
+	return t
+}
+
+func fragmentMaxEntries(logger *nblog.Logger) int {
+	v := os.Getenv(EnvFragmentMaxEntries)
+	if v == "" {
+		return defaultMaxFragmentEntries
+	}
+	n, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
+	if err != nil || n <= 0 {
+		logger.Warn2("invalid %s=%q, using default", EnvFragmentMaxEntries, v)
+		return defaultMaxFragmentEntries
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+// recordAllowed stores the verdict of an allowed first fragment. headerEndOctets
+// is the first fragment's payload length in 8-byte units. When the table is full
+// the record is dropped, which fails closed: the datagram's trailing fragments
+// will be denied.
+func (t *fragmentTracker) recordAllowed(key fragmentKey, headerEndOctets uint16) {
+	t.mutex.Lock()
+	defer t.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if t.entries == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if _, ok := t.entries[key]; !ok && len(t.entries) >= t.maxEntries {
+		if !t.atCapacity {
+			t.atCapacity = true
+			t.logger.Warn2("fragment verdict table at capacity (%d/%d): trailing fragments of new datagrams will be dropped",
+				len(t.entries), t.maxEntries)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	t.entries[key] = fragmentEntry{
+		headerEndOctets: headerEndOctets,
+		recordedAt:      time.Now(),
+	}
+}
+
+// poison drops any recorded verdict for a datagram, so its later fragments are
+// denied until a new allowed first fragment is recorded. Called on every
+// offset-zero fragment to defeat offset-zero overlap rewrites (RFC 3128).
+func (t *fragmentTracker) poison(key fragmentKey) {
+	t.mutex.Lock()
+	defer t.mutex.Unlock()
+	delete(t.entries, key)
+}
+
+// verdict decides the fate of a trailing fragment at fragOffsetOctets (the IPv4
+// fragment offset, in 8-byte units). A fragment overlapping the inspected
+// header poisons the datagram: the entry is removed so all further fragments of
+// that datagram are denied too.
+func (t *fragmentTracker) verdict(key fragmentKey, fragOffsetOctets uint16) fragmentVerdict {
+	t.mutex.Lock()
+	defer t.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	entry, ok := t.entries[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return fragmentDeny
+	}
+	if time.Since(entry.recordedAt) > t.timeout {
+		delete(t.entries, key)
+		return fragmentDeny
+	}
+	if fragOffsetOctets < entry.headerEndOctets {
+		delete(t.entries, key)
+		return fragmentOverlap
+	}
+	return fragmentAllow
+}
+
+func (t *fragmentTracker) cleanupRoutine(ctx context.Context) {
+	defer t.cleanupTicker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-t.cleanupTicker.C:
+			t.cleanup()
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *fragmentTracker) cleanup() {
+	t.mutex.Lock()
+	defer t.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	for key, entry := range t.entries {
+		if time.Since(entry.recordedAt) > t.timeout {
+			delete(t.entries, key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(t.entries) < t.maxEntries {
+		t.atCapacity = false
+	}
+}
+
+// Close stops the cleanup routine and releases resources.
+func (t *fragmentTracker) Close() {
+	t.cancel()
+
+	t.mutex.Lock()
+	t.entries = nil
+	t.mutex.Unlock()
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/fragment_bench_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/fragment_bench_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9e6d2d13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/fragment_bench_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// benchFilterInbound drives filterInbound over a fixed packet in a tight loop.
+// Packets are built once, outside the timed region, so the benchmark measures
+// only pipeline cost, which is what an attacker can amplify.
+func benchFilterInbound(b *testing.B, pkt []byte) {
+	b.Helper()
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.SetBytes(int64(len(pkt)))
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		m := benchManager
+		m.filterInbound(pkt, len(pkt))
+	}
+}
+
+// benchManager is a package-level manager reused across fragment benchmarks so
+// setup cost stays out of the timed region.
+var benchManager *Manager
+
+func setupBenchManager(b *testing.B) *Manager {
+	b.Helper()
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(b)
+	allowUDP(b, m, 8080)
+	// Disable conntrack so the allowed-first-fragment path measures transport
+	// decode + ACL every iteration instead of matching the connection tracked
+	// on the first iteration.
+	m.stateful = false
+	benchManager = m
+	return m
+}
+
+// BenchmarkInbound_NormalPacket is the baseline: a full, non-fragmented UDP
+// packet that passes the ACL. Fragment paths should stay comparable to this.
+func BenchmarkInbound_NormalPacket(b *testing.B) {
+	setupBenchManager(b)
+	pkt := normalUDPPacket(b, 8080, 32)
+	benchFilterInbound(b, pkt)
+}
+
+// BenchmarkInbound_FirstFragmentAllowed measures the first-fragment path:
+// transport decode + ACL evaluation + verdict record.
+func BenchmarkInbound_FirstFragmentAllowed(b *testing.B) {
+	setupBenchManager(b)
+	pkt := firstFragmentUDP(b, 0x2000, 8080, 32)
+	benchFilterInbound(b, pkt)
+}
+
+// BenchmarkInbound_TrailingFragmentAllowed measures the common trailing-fragment
+// path: a single map lookup after the first fragment is on record.
+func BenchmarkInbound_TrailingFragmentAllowed(b *testing.B) {
+	m := setupBenchManager(b)
+	first := firstFragmentUDP(b, 0x3000, 8080, 32)
+	m.filterInbound(first, len(first))
+	pkt := trailingFragment(b, 0x3000, 5, false, 24)
+	benchFilterInbound(b, pkt)
+}
+
+// BenchmarkInbound_TrailingFragmentNoFirst is the primary DoS vector: an
+// attacker floods trailing fragments with no first fragment on record. Each is
+// a map miss and must be cheap.
+func BenchmarkInbound_TrailingFragmentNoFirst(b *testing.B) {
+	setupBenchManager(b)
+	pkt := trailingFragment(b, 0x4000, 185, false, 40)
+	benchFilterInbound(b, pkt)
+}
+
+// BenchmarkInbound_TinyFirstFragment measures the tiny-fragment drop path: a
+// first fragment too small to decode a transport header.
+func BenchmarkInbound_TinyFirstFragment(b *testing.B) {
+	setupBenchManager(b)
+	pkt := trailingFragment(b, 0x5000, 0, true, 4)
+	benchFilterInbound(b, pkt)
+}
+
+// BenchmarkInbound_TrailingFragmentDistinctIDs is the worst case for the
+// verdict table: an attacker varies the datagram id on every packet so no first
+// fragment ever matches. Verdict lookups always miss and nothing is recorded,
+// so the table cannot grow. Each iteration rewrites the id field in place.
+func BenchmarkInbound_TrailingFragmentDistinctIDs(b *testing.B) {
+	setupBenchManager(b)
+	pkt := trailingFragment(b, 0x6000, 185, false, 40)
+	m := benchManager
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.SetBytes(int64(len(pkt)))
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		// IPv4 identification field is at bytes 4:6.
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[4:6], uint16(i))
+		m.filterInbound(pkt, len(pkt))
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkInbound_FirstFragmentDistinctIDs measures sustained first-fragment
+// pressure with distinct ids: transport decode + ACL + verdict insert until the
+// table caps, exercising the map growth and capacity guard.
+func BenchmarkInbound_FirstFragmentDistinctIDs(b *testing.B) {
+	setupBenchManager(b)
+	pkt := firstFragmentUDP(b, 0x7000, 8080, 32)
+	m := benchManager
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.SetBytes(int64(len(pkt)))
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(pkt[4:6], uint16(i))
+		m.filterInbound(pkt, len(pkt))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/fragment_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/fragment_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f99864be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/fragment_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/gopacket"
+	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbiface "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+)
+
+const (
+	fragTestSrc   = "100.10.0.1"
+	fragTestDst   = "100.10.0.100"
+	fragTestSrcV6 = "fd00::1"
+	fragTestDstV6 = "fd00::100"
+)
+
+func newFragmentTestManager(tb testing.TB) *Manager {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr(fragTestDst),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
+				IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr(fragTestDstV6),
+				IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
+	require.NoError(tb, err)
+	require.NoError(tb, m.UpdateLocalIPs())
+	tb.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(tb, m.Close(nil)) })
+	return m
+}
+
+// firstFragmentUDPTo builds the first fragment of a fragmented UDP datagram to
+// the given destination: it carries the full UDP header plus payloadLen bytes
+// of data, with the More Fragments flag set and offset zero.
+func firstFragmentUDPTo(tb testing.TB, dst string, id uint16, dstPort uint16, payloadLen int) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ip := &layers.IPv4{
+		Version:  4,
+		TTL:      64,
+		Id:       id,
+		Protocol: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
+		SrcIP:    net.ParseIP(fragTestSrc),
+		DstIP:    net.ParseIP(dst),
+		Flags:    layers.IPv4MoreFragments,
+	}
+	udp := &layers.UDP{SrcPort: 40000, DstPort: layers.UDPPort(dstPort)}
+	require.NoError(tb, udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip))
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+	require.NoError(tb, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip, udp, gopacket.Payload(make([]byte, payloadLen))))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func firstFragmentUDP(tb testing.TB, id uint16, dstPort uint16, payloadLen int) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+	return firstFragmentUDPTo(tb, fragTestDst, id, dstPort, payloadLen)
+}
+
+// firstFragmentTCP builds the first fragment of a fragmented TCP datagram: the
+// full 20-byte TCP header plus 12 bytes of data, with the More Fragments flag
+// set and offset zero.
+func firstFragmentTCP(tb testing.TB, id uint16, dstPort uint16) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ip := &layers.IPv4{
+		Version:  4,
+		TTL:      64,
+		Id:       id,
+		Protocol: layers.IPProtocolTCP,
+		SrcIP:    net.ParseIP(fragTestSrc),
+		DstIP:    net.ParseIP(fragTestDst),
+		Flags:    layers.IPv4MoreFragments,
+	}
+	tcp := &layers.TCP{SrcPort: 40000, DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort), SYN: true, Window: 64240}
+	require.NoError(tb, tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip))
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+	require.NoError(tb, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip, tcp, gopacket.Payload(make([]byte, 12))))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// trailingFragmentTo builds a non-first fragment to the given destination: an
+// IPv4 header at the given fragment offset (in 8-byte units) carrying raw
+// payload and no L4 header.
+func trailingFragmentTo(tb testing.TB, dst string, proto layers.IPProtocol, id uint16, fragOffsetOctets uint16, moreFragments bool, payloadLen int) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ip := &layers.IPv4{
+		Version:    4,
+		TTL:        64,
+		Id:         id,
+		Protocol:   proto,
+		SrcIP:      net.ParseIP(fragTestSrc),
+		DstIP:      net.ParseIP(dst),
+		FragOffset: fragOffsetOctets,
+	}
+	if moreFragments {
+		ip.Flags = layers.IPv4MoreFragments
+	}
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{FixLengths: true}
+	require.NoError(tb, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip, gopacket.Payload(make([]byte, payloadLen))))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func trailingFragment(tb testing.TB, id uint16, fragOffsetOctets uint16, moreFragments bool, payloadLen int) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+	return trailingFragmentTo(tb, fragTestDst, layers.IPProtocolUDP, id, fragOffsetOctets, moreFragments, payloadLen)
+}
+
+// outboundUDPPacket builds a complete outbound UDP packet from the local
+// address, used to establish conntrack state for reply-direction tests.
+func outboundUDPPacket(tb testing.TB, srcPort, dstPort uint16) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ip := &layers.IPv4{
+		Version:  4,
+		TTL:      64,
+		Id:       1,
+		Protocol: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
+		SrcIP:    net.ParseIP(fragTestDst),
+		DstIP:    net.ParseIP(fragTestSrc),
+	}
+	udp := &layers.UDP{SrcPort: layers.UDPPort(srcPort), DstPort: layers.UDPPort(dstPort)}
+	require.NoError(tb, udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip))
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+	require.NoError(tb, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip, udp, gopacket.Payload(make([]byte, 16))))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// normalUDPPacket builds a complete, non-fragmented UDP packet for baseline
+// comparisons against the fragment paths.
+func normalUDPPacket(tb testing.TB, dstPort uint16, payloadLen int) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ip := &layers.IPv4{
+		Version:  4,
+		TTL:      64,
+		Id:       1,
+		Protocol: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
+		SrcIP:    net.ParseIP(fragTestSrc),
+		DstIP:    net.ParseIP(fragTestDst),
+	}
+	udp := &layers.UDP{SrcPort: 40000, DstPort: layers.UDPPort(dstPort)}
+	require.NoError(tb, udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip))
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+	require.NoError(tb, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip, udp, gopacket.Payload(make([]byte, payloadLen))))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func allowUDP(tb testing.TB, m *Manager, dstPort uint16) {
+	tb.Helper()
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP(fragTestSrc)), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolUDP, nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{dstPort}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(tb, err)
+}
+
+// TestFragment_TrailingWithoutFirstDropped is the core bypass repro: a trailing
+// fragment with no allowed first fragment on record must be dropped. Before the
+// fix, filterInbound returned false (allow) for any fragment.
+func TestFragment_TrailingWithoutFirstDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+
+	frag := trailingFragment(t, 0x1234, 185, false, 40)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(frag, len(frag)),
+		"trailing fragment without an allowed first fragment must be dropped")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_AllowedFirstPassesTrailing verifies that once a first fragment
+// passes the ACL, its trailing fragments inherit the allow verdict.
+func TestFragment_AllowedFirstPassesTrailing(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	allowUDP(t, m, 8080)
+
+	// First fragment: UDP header (8) + 32 payload = 40 octets -> headerEnd = 5.
+	first := firstFragmentUDP(t, 0x2222, 8080, 32)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)),
+		"allowed first fragment should pass and be recorded")
+
+	trailing := trailingFragment(t, 0x2222, 5, false, 24)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(trailing, len(trailing)),
+		"trailing fragment of an allowed datagram should pass")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_DeniedFirstDropsTrailing verifies that a first fragment blocked
+// by the ACL leaves no verdict, so its trailing fragments are dropped.
+func TestFragment_DeniedFirstDropsTrailing(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	// No accept rule: local traffic defaults to deny.
+
+	first := firstFragmentUDP(t, 0x3333, 9999, 32)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)),
+		"first fragment to a blocked port should be dropped by the ACL")
+
+	trailing := trailingFragment(t, 0x3333, 5, false, 24)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(trailing, len(trailing)),
+		"trailing fragment of a denied datagram must be dropped")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_OverlappingHeaderDropped covers the RFC 1858 §4 / RFC 3128
+// overlapping-fragment rewrite: a trailing fragment starting inside the range
+// the ACL already inspected is dropped and poisons the datagram. TCP is used so
+// the overlap lands on real header bytes (the flags at byte 13).
+func TestFragment_OverlappingHeaderDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP(fragTestSrc)), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// First fragment: TCP header (20) + 12 data = 32 bytes -> headerEnd = 4 octets.
+	first := firstFragmentTCP(t, 0x4444, 8080)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)))
+
+	// Overlapping fragment at offset 1 (byte 8) falls inside the inspected TCP
+	// header, so it could rewrite the flags or port on reassembly.
+	overlap := trailingFragmentTo(t, fragTestDst, layers.IPProtocolTCP, 0x4444, 1, true, 32)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(overlap, len(overlap)),
+		"fragment overlapping the inspected header must be dropped")
+
+	// The datagram is now poisoned: a later, non-overlapping fragment is also
+	// dropped because the verdict was removed.
+	later := trailingFragmentTo(t, fragTestDst, layers.IPProtocolTCP, 0x4444, 4, false, 24)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(later, len(later)),
+		"fragments after an overlap must be dropped (datagram poisoned)")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_OffsetZeroOverlapPoisons covers the RFC 3128 offset-zero rewrite:
+// an allowed first fragment followed by a denied offset-zero fragment for the
+// same datagram must not leave the earlier allow verdict in place.
+func TestFragment_OffsetZeroOverlapPoisons(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	allowUDP(t, m, 8080)
+
+	allowed := firstFragmentUDP(t, 0x5A5A, 8080, 32)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(allowed, len(allowed)),
+		"allowed first fragment should pass and be recorded")
+
+	// A second offset-zero fragment to a denied port supersedes the datagram's
+	// verdict; it is dropped and must not leave the allow in place.
+	denied := firstFragmentUDP(t, 0x5A5A, 9999, 32)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(denied, len(denied)),
+		"denied offset-zero fragment must be dropped")
+
+	trailing := trailingFragment(t, 0x5A5A, 5, false, 24)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(trailing, len(trailing)),
+		"trailing fragment must be denied after the datagram was poisoned")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_TinyFirstDropped covers the tiny-fragment attack: a first
+// fragment too small to contain the full transport header can't be
+// ACL-evaluated and must be dropped.
+func TestFragment_TinyFirstDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	allowUDP(t, m, 8080)
+
+	// IPv4 header + 4 raw bytes, MF set, offset 0: too small for the 8-byte UDP
+	// header, so it decodes to L3 only.
+	tiny := trailingFragment(t, 0x5555, 0, true, 4)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(tiny, len(tiny)),
+		"tiny first fragment without a full L4 header must be dropped")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_TCPFirstFragment verifies the TCP arm of the transport decode: a
+// first fragment carrying the full 20-byte TCP header is ACL-evaluated and its
+// trailing fragments inherit the verdict.
+func TestFragment_TCPFirstFragment(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP(fragTestSrc)), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// TCP header (20) + 12 data = 32 bytes -> headerEnd = 4 octets.
+	first := firstFragmentTCP(t, 0x6666, 8080)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)),
+		"allowed TCP first fragment should pass and be recorded")
+
+	trailing := trailingFragmentTo(t, fragTestDst, layers.IPProtocolTCP, 0x6666, 4, false, 24)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(trailing, len(trailing)),
+		"trailing fragment of an allowed TCP datagram should pass")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_TCPTinyFirstDropped verifies the TCP minimum header length: 12
+// bytes would satisfy a UDP header but falls short of the 20-byte TCP header.
+func TestFragment_TCPTinyFirstDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP(fragTestSrc)), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tiny := trailingFragmentTo(t, fragTestDst, layers.IPProtocolTCP, 0x7777, 0, true, 12)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(tiny, len(tiny)),
+		"first fragment shorter than the TCP header must be dropped")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_ConntrackAllowsFirstFragment verifies the conntrack branch: reply
+// fragments of an outbound-established UDP flow pass without any inbound rule.
+func TestFragment_ConntrackAllowsFirstFragment(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+
+	out := outboundUDPPacket(t, 12345, 40000)
+	require.False(t, m.filterOutbound(out, len(out)))
+
+	first := firstFragmentUDP(t, 0x8888, 12345, 32)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)),
+		"reply first fragment should pass via conntrack")
+
+	trailing := trailingFragment(t, 0x8888, 5, false, 24)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(trailing, len(trailing)),
+		"trailing fragment of a tracked flow should pass")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_RoutingDisabledDropsFragment verifies routed first fragments are
+// dropped when routing is disabled.
+func TestFragment_RoutingDisabledDropsFragment(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	m.routingEnabled.Store(false)
+
+	first := firstFragmentUDPTo(t, "198.51.100.10", 0x9999, 8080, 32)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)),
+		"routed first fragment must be dropped when routing is disabled")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_RouteACL verifies the route-ACL branch: fragments to a non-local
+// destination follow the route rules, allowed datagrams pass their trailing
+// fragments and denied ones don't.
+func TestFragment_RouteACL(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	m.routingEnabled.Store(true)
+	m.nativeRouter.Store(false)
+
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(
+		[]byte("rt-1"),
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16")},
+		fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("198.51.100.0/24")},
+		fw.ProtocolUDP,
+		nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}},
+		fw.ActionAccept,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	first := firstFragmentUDPTo(t, "198.51.100.10", 0xAAAA, 8080, 32)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)),
+		"route-ACL-allowed first fragment should pass")
+	trailing := trailingFragmentTo(t, "198.51.100.10", layers.IPProtocolUDP, 0xAAAA, 5, false, 24)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(trailing, len(trailing)),
+		"trailing fragment of an allowed routed datagram should pass")
+
+	denied := firstFragmentUDPTo(t, "198.51.100.10", 0xBBBB, 9999, 32)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(denied, len(denied)),
+		"route-ACL-denied first fragment must be dropped")
+	deniedTrailing := trailingFragmentTo(t, "198.51.100.10", layers.IPProtocolUDP, 0xBBBB, 5, false, 24)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(deniedTrailing, len(deniedTrailing)),
+		"trailing fragment of a denied routed datagram must be dropped")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_ExpiredVerdictDropsTrailing verifies a verdict older than the
+// tracker timeout no longer admits trailing fragments.
+func TestFragment_ExpiredVerdictDropsTrailing(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	allowUDP(t, m, 8080)
+
+	first := firstFragmentUDP(t, 0xCCCC, 8080, 32)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)))
+
+	m.fragments.mutex.Lock()
+	for key, entry := range m.fragments.entries {
+		entry.recordedAt = time.Now().Add(-defaultFragmentTimeout - time.Second)
+		m.fragments.entries[key] = entry
+	}
+	m.fragments.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	trailing := trailingFragment(t, 0xCCCC, 5, false, 24)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(trailing, len(trailing)),
+		"trailing fragment after verdict expiry must be dropped")
+}
+
+// TestFragment_CapacityFailsClosed verifies the table cap: at capacity, new
+// datagram verdicts are not recorded (their trailing fragments are dropped)
+// while already-recorded datagrams keep working.
+func TestFragment_CapacityFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	allowUDP(t, m, 8080)
+
+	m.fragments.mutex.Lock()
+	m.fragments.maxEntries = 1
+	m.fragments.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	first1 := firstFragmentUDP(t, 0x0101, 8080, 32)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first1, len(first1)))
+
+	first2 := firstFragmentUDP(t, 0x0202, 8080, 32)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first2, len(first2)),
+		"first fragment itself still passes at capacity")
+
+	trailing2 := trailingFragment(t, 0x0202, 5, false, 24)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(trailing2, len(trailing2)),
+		"trailing fragment of an unrecorded datagram must be dropped at capacity")
+
+	trailing1 := trailingFragment(t, 0x0101, 5, false, 24)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(trailing1, len(trailing1)),
+		"already-recorded datagram should keep passing at capacity")
+}
+
+// v6FragmentHeader builds the 8-byte IPv6 fragment extension header for the
+// given inner protocol, offset (8-byte units), More Fragments bit and id.
+func v6FragmentHeader(proto layers.IPProtocol, offsetOctets uint16, moreFragments bool, id uint32) []byte {
+	offsetFlags := offsetOctets << 3
+	if moreFragments {
+		offsetFlags |= 1
+	}
+	hdr := make([]byte, 8)
+	hdr[0] = uint8(proto)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(hdr[2:4], offsetFlags)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(hdr[4:8], id)
+	return hdr
+}
+
+func v6UDPHeader(dstPort uint16, dataLen int) []byte {
+	hdr := make([]byte, 8)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(hdr[0:2], 40000)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(hdr[2:4], dstPort)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(hdr[4:6], uint16(8+dataLen))
+	return hdr
+}
+
+// firstFragmentUDPv6 builds the first fragment of a fragmented IPv6 UDP
+// datagram: fragment header (offset 0, More Fragments set) + full UDP header +
+// data.
+func firstFragmentUDPv6(tb testing.TB, id uint32, dstPort uint16, dataLen int) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+	return fragmentUDPv6(tb, id, dstPort, dataLen, true)
+}
+
+// fragmentUDPv6 builds an offset-zero IPv6 UDP fragment. With moreFragments
+// false it is an atomic fragment (a complete datagram, RFC 6946).
+func fragmentUDPv6(tb testing.TB, id uint32, dstPort uint16, dataLen int, moreFragments bool) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ip := &layers.IPv6{
+		Version:    6,
+		NextHeader: layers.IPProtocolIPv6Fragment,
+		HopLimit:   64,
+		SrcIP:      net.ParseIP(fragTestSrcV6),
+		DstIP:      net.ParseIP(fragTestDstV6),
+	}
+	payload := append(v6FragmentHeader(layers.IPProtocolUDP, 0, moreFragments, id), v6UDPHeader(dstPort, dataLen)...)
+	payload = append(payload, make([]byte, dataLen)...)
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	require.NoError(tb, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, gopacket.SerializeOptions{FixLengths: true}, ip, gopacket.Payload(payload)))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// trailingFragmentV6 builds a non-first IPv6 fragment: fragment header at the
+// given offset carrying raw data and no transport header.
+func trailingFragmentV6(tb testing.TB, id uint32, offsetOctets uint16, moreFragments bool, dataLen int) []byte {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	ip := &layers.IPv6{
+		Version:    6,
+		NextHeader: layers.IPProtocolIPv6Fragment,
+		HopLimit:   64,
+		SrcIP:      net.ParseIP(fragTestSrcV6),
+		DstIP:      net.ParseIP(fragTestDstV6),
+	}
+	payload := append(v6FragmentHeader(layers.IPProtocolUDP, offsetOctets, moreFragments, id), make([]byte, dataLen)...)
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	require.NoError(tb, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, gopacket.SerializeOptions{FixLengths: true}, ip, gopacket.Payload(payload)))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// TestFragmentV6_TrailingWithoutFirstDropped verifies the IPv6 bypass is closed:
+// a trailing fragment with no allowed first fragment is dropped.
+func TestFragmentV6_TrailingWithoutFirstDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+
+	frag := trailingFragmentV6(t, 0xAABBCCDD, 100, false, 40)
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(frag, len(frag)),
+		"IPv6 trailing fragment without an allowed first fragment must be dropped")
+}
+
+// TestFragmentV6_AllowedFirstPassesTrailing verifies IPv6 fragments are
+// evaluated like IPv4: an allowed first fragment lets its trailing fragments
+// through.
+func TestFragmentV6_AllowedFirstPassesTrailing(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP(fragTestSrcV6)), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolUDP, nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// First fragment: UDP header (8) + 32 data = 40 octets -> headerEnd = 5.
+	first := firstFragmentUDPv6(t, 0xAABBCCDD, 8080, 32)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)),
+		"allowed IPv6 first fragment should pass and be recorded")
+
+	trailing := trailingFragmentV6(t, 0xAABBCCDD, 5, false, 24)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(trailing, len(trailing)),
+		"trailing fragment of an allowed IPv6 datagram should pass")
+}
+
+// TestFragmentV6_AtomicNotCached verifies an IPv6 atomic fragment (fragment
+// header with offset 0 and no More Fragments, a complete datagram per RFC 6946)
+// is evaluated but not recorded, so a flood of allowed atomic fragments can't
+// exhaust the verdict table.
+func TestFragmentV6_AtomicNotCached(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newFragmentTestManager(t)
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(net.ParseIP(fragTestSrcV6)), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolUDP, nil,
+		&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{8080}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	atomic := fragmentUDPv6(t, 0xA70301C, 8080, 16, false)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(atomic, len(atomic)),
+		"allowed IPv6 atomic fragment should pass")
+
+	m.fragments.mutex.Lock()
+	n := len(m.fragments.entries)
+	m.fragments.mutex.Unlock()
+	require.Zero(t, n, "atomic fragment must not create a verdict entry")
+
+	// A genuine fragmented datagram (More Fragments set) is still recorded.
+	first := fragmentUDPv6(t, 0xBEEF, 8080, 32, true)
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(first, len(first)))
+	m.fragments.mutex.Lock()
+	n = len(m.fragments.entries)
+	m.fragments.mutex.Unlock()
+	require.Equal(t, 1, n, "genuine first fragment must record a verdict")
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/hooks_filter.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/hooks_filter.go
index 8d3cc0f5c..f3adf5f8b 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/hooks_filter.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/hooks_filter.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ const (
 	ipv4HeaderMinLen = 20
 	ipv4ProtoOffset  = 9
 	ipv4FlagsOffset  = 6
-	ipv4DstOffset    = 16
 	ipProtoUDP       = 17
 	ipProtoTCP       = 6
 	ipv4FragOffMask  = 0x1fff
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird_windows.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/interface_allower_windows.go
similarity index 55%
rename from client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird_windows.go
rename to client/firewall/uspfilter/interface_allower_windows.go
index 6aef2ecfd..7f525e28c 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/allow_netbird_windows.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/interface_allower_windows.go
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"syscall"
 
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 )
 
 type action string
@@ -18,49 +19,74 @@ const (
 	firewallRuleName        = "Netbird"
 )
 
-// Close cleans up the firewall manager by removing all rules and closing trackers
-func (m *Manager) Close(*statemanager.Manager) error {
-	m.mutex.Lock()
-	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+// WindowsInterfaceAllower opens the NetBird interface in the Windows firewall
+// via netsh advfirewall rules. It implements InterfaceAllower for the userspace
+// firewall on Windows.
+type WindowsInterfaceAllower struct {
+	iface Iface
+}
 
-	m.resetState()
+// NewWindowsInterfaceAllower builds the Windows netsh-based interface allower.
+func NewWindowsInterfaceAllower(iface Iface) *WindowsInterfaceAllower {
+	return &WindowsInterfaceAllower{iface: iface}
+}
 
+// Apply adds inbound-allow netsh rules for the interface's addresses.
+func (a *WindowsInterfaceAllower) Apply() error {
 	if !isWindowsFirewallReachable() {
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	if !isFirewallRuleActive(firewallRuleName) {
-		return nil
+		if err := manageFirewallRule(firewallRuleName,
+			addRule,
+			"dir=in",
+			"enable=yes",
+			"action=allow",
+			"profile=any",
+			"localip="+a.iface.Address().IP.String(),
+		); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 
-	if err := manageFirewallRule(firewallRuleName, deleteRule); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't remove windows firewall: %w", err)
+	if v6 := a.iface.Address().IPv6; v6.IsValid() && !isFirewallRuleActive(firewallRuleName+"-v6") {
+		if err := manageFirewallRule(firewallRuleName+"-v6",
+			addRule,
+			"dir=in",
+			"enable=yes",
+			"action=allow",
+			"profile=any",
+			"localip="+v6.String(),
+		); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// AllowNetbird allows netbird interface traffic
-func (m *Manager) AllowNetbird() error {
+// Close removes the netsh rules added by Apply.
+func (a *WindowsInterfaceAllower) Close() error {
 	if !isWindowsFirewallReachable() {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	var merr *multierror.Error
 	if isFirewallRuleActive(firewallRuleName) {
-		return nil
+		if err := manageFirewallRule(firewallRuleName, deleteRule); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove windows firewall rule: %w", err))
+		}
 	}
-	return manageFirewallRule(firewallRuleName,
-		addRule,
-		"dir=in",
-		"enable=yes",
-		"action=allow",
-		"profile=any",
-		"localip="+m.wgIface.Address().IP.String(),
-	)
+	if isFirewallRuleActive(firewallRuleName + "-v6") {
+		if err := manageFirewallRule(firewallRuleName+"-v6", deleteRule); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove windows v6 firewall rule: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
 func manageFirewallRule(ruleName string, action action, extraArgs ...string) error {
-
 	args := []string{"advfirewall", "firewall", string(action), "rule", "name=" + ruleName}
 	if action == addRule {
 		args = append(args, extraArgs...)
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip.go
index f63fe3e45..869832732 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip.go
@@ -4,89 +4,30 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/common"
 )
 
-type localIPManager struct {
-	mu sync.RWMutex
-
-	// fixed-size high array for upper byte of a IPv4 address
-	ipv4Bitmap [256]*ipv4LowBitmap
+// localIPSnapshot is an immutable snapshot of local IP addresses, swapped
+// atomically so reads are lock-free.
+type localIPSnapshot struct {
+	ips map[netip.Addr]struct{}
 }
 
-// ipv4LowBitmap is a map for the low 16 bits of a IPv4 address
-type ipv4LowBitmap struct {
-	bitmap [8192]uint32
+type localIPManager struct {
+	snapshot atomic.Pointer[localIPSnapshot]
 }
 
 func newLocalIPManager() *localIPManager {
-	return &localIPManager{}
+	m := &localIPManager{}
+	m.snapshot.Store(&localIPSnapshot{
+		ips: make(map[netip.Addr]struct{}),
+	})
+	return m
 }
 
-func (m *localIPManager) setBitmapBit(ip net.IP) {
-	ipv4 := ip.To4()
-	if ipv4 == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	high := uint16(ipv4[0])
-	low := (uint16(ipv4[1]) << 8) | (uint16(ipv4[2]) << 4) | uint16(ipv4[3])
-
-	index := low / 32
-	bit := low % 32
-
-	if m.ipv4Bitmap[high] == nil {
-		m.ipv4Bitmap[high] = &ipv4LowBitmap{}
-	}
-
-	m.ipv4Bitmap[high].bitmap[index] |= 1 << bit
-}
-
-func (m *localIPManager) setBitInBitmap(ip netip.Addr, bitmap *[256]*ipv4LowBitmap, ipv4Set map[netip.Addr]struct{}, ipv4Addresses *[]netip.Addr) {
-	if !ip.Is4() {
-		return
-	}
-	ipv4 := ip.AsSlice()
-
-	high := uint16(ipv4[0])
-	low := (uint16(ipv4[1]) << 8) | (uint16(ipv4[2]) << 4) | uint16(ipv4[3])
-
-	if bitmap[high] == nil {
-		bitmap[high] = &ipv4LowBitmap{}
-	}
-
-	index := low / 32
-	bit := low % 32
-	bitmap[high].bitmap[index] |= 1 << bit
-
-	if _, exists := ipv4Set[ip]; !exists {
-		ipv4Set[ip] = struct{}{}
-		*ipv4Addresses = append(*ipv4Addresses, ip)
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *localIPManager) checkBitmapBit(ip []byte) bool {
-	high := uint16(ip[0])
-	low := (uint16(ip[1]) << 8) | (uint16(ip[2]) << 4) | uint16(ip[3])
-
-	if m.ipv4Bitmap[high] == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	index := low / 32
-	bit := low % 32
-	return (m.ipv4Bitmap[high].bitmap[index] & (1 << bit)) != 0
-}
-
-func (m *localIPManager) processIP(ip netip.Addr, bitmap *[256]*ipv4LowBitmap, ipv4Set map[netip.Addr]struct{}, ipv4Addresses *[]netip.Addr) error {
-	m.setBitInBitmap(ip, bitmap, ipv4Set, ipv4Addresses)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *localIPManager) processInterface(iface net.Interface, bitmap *[256]*ipv4LowBitmap, ipv4Set map[netip.Addr]struct{}, ipv4Addresses *[]netip.Addr) {
+func processInterface(iface net.Interface, ips map[netip.Addr]struct{}, addresses *[]netip.Addr) {
 	addrs, err := iface.Addrs()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("get addresses for interface %s failed: %v", iface.Name, err)
@@ -104,39 +45,40 @@ func (m *localIPManager) processInterface(iface net.Interface, bitmap *[256]*ipv
 			continue
 		}
 
-		addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
+		parsed, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
 		if !ok {
 			log.Warnf("invalid IP address %s in interface %s", ip.String(), iface.Name)
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if err := m.processIP(addr.Unmap(), bitmap, ipv4Set, ipv4Addresses); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("process IP failed: %v", err)
-		}
+		parsed = parsed.Unmap()
+		ips[parsed] = struct{}{}
+		*addresses = append(*addresses, parsed)
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *localIPManager) UpdateLocalIPs(iface common.IFaceMapper) (err error) {
+// UpdateLocalIPs rebuilds the local IP snapshot and swaps it in atomically.
+func (m *localIPManager) UpdateLocalIPs(iface Iface) (err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r != nil {
 			err = fmt.Errorf("panic: %v", r)
 		}
 	}()
 
-	var newIPv4Bitmap [256]*ipv4LowBitmap
-	ipv4Set := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{})
-	var ipv4Addresses []netip.Addr
+	ips := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{})
+	var addresses []netip.Addr
 
-	// 127.0.0.0/8
-	newIPv4Bitmap[127] = &ipv4LowBitmap{}
-	for i := 0; i < 8192; i++ {
-		// #nosec G602 -- bitmap is defined as [8192]uint32, loop range is correct
-		newIPv4Bitmap[127].bitmap[i] = 0xFFFFFFFF
-	}
+	// loopback
+	ips[netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1})] = struct{}{}
+	ips[netip.IPv6Loopback()] = struct{}{}
 
 	if iface != nil {
-		if err := m.processIP(iface.Address().IP, &newIPv4Bitmap, ipv4Set, &ipv4Addresses); err != nil {
-			return err
+		ip := iface.Address().IP
+		ips[ip] = struct{}{}
+		addresses = append(addresses, ip)
+		if v6 := iface.Address().IPv6; v6.IsValid() {
+			ips[v6] = struct{}{}
+			addresses = append(addresses, v6)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -147,25 +89,24 @@ func (m *localIPManager) UpdateLocalIPs(iface common.IFaceMapper) (err error) {
 		// TODO: filter out down interfaces (net.FlagUp). Also handle the reverse
 		// case where an interface comes up between refreshes.
 		for _, intf := range interfaces {
-			m.processInterface(intf, &newIPv4Bitmap, ipv4Set, &ipv4Addresses)
+			processInterface(intf, ips, &addresses)
 		}
 	}
 
-	m.mu.Lock()
-	m.ipv4Bitmap = newIPv4Bitmap
-	m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.snapshot.Store(&localIPSnapshot{ips: ips})
 
-	log.Debugf("Local IPv4 addresses: %v", ipv4Addresses)
+	log.Debugf("Local IP addresses: %v", addresses)
 	return nil
 }
 
+// IsLocalIP checks if the given IP is a local address. Lock-free on the read path.
 func (m *localIPManager) IsLocalIP(ip netip.Addr) bool {
-	if !ip.Is4() {
-		return false
+	s := m.snapshot.Load()
+
+	if ip.Is4() && ip.As4()[0] == 127 {
+		return true
 	}
 
-	m.mu.RLock()
-	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	return m.checkBitmapBit(ip.AsSlice())
+	_, found := s.ips[ip]
+	return found
 }
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip_bench_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip_bench_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14e12bd08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip_bench_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+)
+
+func setupManager(b *testing.B) *localIPManager {
+	b.Helper()
+	m := newLocalIPManager()
+	mock := &IFaceMock{
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"),
+				IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+				IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	if err := m.UpdateLocalIPs(mock); err != nil {
+		b.Fatalf("UpdateLocalIPs: %v", err)
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+func BenchmarkIsLocalIP_v4_hit(b *testing.B) {
+	m := setupManager(b)
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		m.IsLocalIP(ip)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkIsLocalIP_v4_miss(b *testing.B) {
+	m := setupManager(b)
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8")
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		m.IsLocalIP(ip)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkIsLocalIP_v6_hit(b *testing.B) {
+	m := setupManager(b)
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		m.IsLocalIP(ip)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkIsLocalIP_v6_miss(b *testing.B) {
+	m := setupManager(b)
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1")
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		m.IsLocalIP(ip)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkIsLocalIP_loopback(b *testing.B) {
+	m := setupManager(b)
+	ip := netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		m.IsLocalIP(ip)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip_test.go
index 6653947fa..0dc524c41 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/localip_test.go
@@ -72,14 +72,45 @@ func TestLocalIPManager(t *testing.T) {
 			expected: false,
 		},
 		{
-			name: "IPv6 address",
+			name: "IPv6 address matches",
 			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
-				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("fe80::1"),
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"),
+				IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+				IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+			},
+			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6 address does not match",
+			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"),
+				IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+				IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+			},
+			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::99"),
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "No aliasing between similar IPs",
+			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
 				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
 			},
-			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("fe80::1"),
+			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.0.17"),
 			expected: false,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6 loopback",
+			setupAddr: wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"),
+			},
+			testIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("::1"),
+			expected: true,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -171,90 +202,3 @@ func TestLocalIPManager_AllInterfaces(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-// MapImplementation is a version using map[string]struct{}
-type MapImplementation struct {
-	localIPs map[string]struct{}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkIPChecks(b *testing.B) {
-	interfaces := make([]net.IP, 16)
-	for i := range interfaces {
-		interfaces[i] = net.IPv4(10, 0, byte(i>>8), byte(i))
-	}
-
-	// Setup bitmap
-	bitmapManager := newLocalIPManager()
-	for _, ip := range interfaces[:8] { // Add half of IPs
-		bitmapManager.setBitmapBit(ip)
-	}
-
-	// Setup map version
-	mapManager := &MapImplementation{
-		localIPs: make(map[string]struct{}),
-	}
-	for _, ip := range interfaces[:8] {
-		mapManager.localIPs[ip.String()] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	b.Run("Bitmap_Hit", func(b *testing.B) {
-		ip := interfaces[4]
-		b.ResetTimer()
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			bitmapManager.checkBitmapBit(ip)
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("Bitmap_Miss", func(b *testing.B) {
-		ip := interfaces[12]
-		b.ResetTimer()
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			bitmapManager.checkBitmapBit(ip)
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("Map_Hit", func(b *testing.B) {
-		ip := interfaces[4]
-		b.ResetTimer()
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			// nolint:gosimple
-			_ = mapManager.localIPs[ip.String()]
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("Map_Miss", func(b *testing.B) {
-		ip := interfaces[12]
-		b.ResetTimer()
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			// nolint:gosimple
-			_ = mapManager.localIPs[ip.String()]
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func BenchmarkWGPosition(b *testing.B) {
-	wgIP := net.ParseIP("10.10.0.1")
-
-	// Create two managers - one checks WG IP first, other checks it last
-	b.Run("WG_First", func(b *testing.B) {
-		bm := newLocalIPManager()
-		bm.setBitmapBit(wgIP)
-		b.ResetTimer()
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			bm.checkBitmapBit(wgIP)
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.Run("WG_Last", func(b *testing.B) {
-		bm := newLocalIPManager()
-		// Fill with other IPs first
-		for i := 0; i < 15; i++ {
-			bm.setBitmapBit(net.IPv4(10, 0, byte(i>>8), byte(i)))
-		}
-		bm.setBitmapBit(wgIP) // Add WG IP last
-		b.ResetTimer()
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			bm.checkBitmapBit(wgIP)
-		}
-	})
-}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/log/log.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/log/log.go
index c6ca55e70..03e7d4809 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/log/log.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/log/log.go
@@ -53,16 +53,17 @@ var levelStrings = map[Level]string{
 }
 
 type logMessage struct {
-	level  Level
-	format string
-	arg1   any
-	arg2   any
-	arg3   any
-	arg4   any
-	arg5   any
-	arg6   any
-	arg7   any
-	arg8   any
+	level    Level
+	argCount uint8
+	format   string
+	arg1     any
+	arg2     any
+	arg3     any
+	arg4     any
+	arg5     any
+	arg6     any
+	arg7     any
+	arg8     any
 }
 
 // Logger is a high-performance, non-blocking logger
@@ -107,6 +108,13 @@ func (l *Logger) SetLevel(level Level) {
 	log.Debugf("Set uspfilter logger loglevel to %v", levelStrings[level])
 }
 
+// Enabled reports whether the given level is currently logged. Callers on the
+// hot path should guard log sites with this to avoid boxing arguments into
+// any when the level is off.
+func (l *Logger) Enabled(level Level) bool {
+	return l.level.Load() >= uint32(level)
+}
+
 func (l *Logger) Error(format string) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelError) {
 		select {
@@ -155,7 +163,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Trace(format string) {
 func (l *Logger) Error1(format string, arg1 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelError) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelError, format: format, arg1: arg1}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelError, argCount: 1, format: format, arg1: arg1}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -164,7 +172,16 @@ func (l *Logger) Error1(format string, arg1 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Error2(format string, arg1, arg2 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelError) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelError, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelError, argCount: 2, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2}:
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *Logger) Warn2(format string, arg1, arg2 any) {
+	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelWarn) {
+		select {
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelWarn, argCount: 2, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -173,7 +190,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Error2(format string, arg1, arg2 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Warn3(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelWarn) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelWarn, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelWarn, argCount: 3, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -182,7 +199,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Warn3(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Warn4(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelWarn) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelWarn, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelWarn, argCount: 4, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -191,7 +208,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Warn4(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Debug1(format string, arg1 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelDebug) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelDebug, format: format, arg1: arg1}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelDebug, argCount: 1, format: format, arg1: arg1}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -200,7 +217,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Debug1(format string, arg1 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Debug2(format string, arg1, arg2 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelDebug) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelDebug, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelDebug, argCount: 2, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -209,16 +226,59 @@ func (l *Logger) Debug2(format string, arg1, arg2 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Debug3(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelDebug) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelDebug, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelDebug, argCount: 3, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// Debugf is the variadic shape. Dispatches to Debug/Debug1/Debug2/Debug3
+// to avoid allocating an args slice on the fast path when the arg count is
+// known (0-3). Args beyond 3 land on the general variadic path; callers on
+// the hot path should prefer DebugN for known counts.
+func (l *Logger) Debugf(format string, args ...any) {
+	if l.level.Load() < uint32(LevelDebug) {
+		return
+	}
+	switch len(args) {
+	case 0:
+		l.Debug(format)
+	case 1:
+		l.Debug1(format, args[0])
+	case 2:
+		l.Debug2(format, args[0], args[1])
+	case 3:
+		l.Debug3(format, args[0], args[1], args[2])
+	default:
+		l.sendVariadic(LevelDebug, format, args)
+	}
+}
+
+// sendVariadic packs a slice of arguments into a logMessage and non-blocking
+// enqueues it. Used for arg counts beyond the fixed-arity fast paths. Args
+// beyond the 8-arg slot limit are dropped so callers don't produce silently
+// empty log lines via uint8 wraparound in argCount.
+func (l *Logger) sendVariadic(level Level, format string, args []any) {
+	const maxArgs = 8
+	n := len(args)
+	if n > maxArgs {
+		n = maxArgs
+	}
+	msg := logMessage{level: level, argCount: uint8(n), format: format}
+	slots := [maxArgs]*any{&msg.arg1, &msg.arg2, &msg.arg3, &msg.arg4, &msg.arg5, &msg.arg6, &msg.arg7, &msg.arg8}
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		*slots[i] = args[i]
+	}
+	select {
+	case l.msgChannel <- msg:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
 func (l *Logger) Trace1(format string, arg1 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelTrace) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, format: format, arg1: arg1}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, argCount: 1, format: format, arg1: arg1}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -227,7 +287,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Trace1(format string, arg1 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Trace2(format string, arg1, arg2 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelTrace) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, argCount: 2, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -236,7 +296,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Trace2(format string, arg1, arg2 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Trace3(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelTrace) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, argCount: 3, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -245,7 +305,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Trace3(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Trace4(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelTrace) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, argCount: 4, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -254,7 +314,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Trace4(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Trace5(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelTrace) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4, arg5: arg5}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, argCount: 5, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4, arg5: arg5}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -263,7 +323,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Trace5(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Trace6(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelTrace) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4, arg5: arg5, arg6: arg6}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, argCount: 6, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4, arg5: arg5, arg6: arg6}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -273,7 +333,7 @@ func (l *Logger) Trace6(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6 any) {
 func (l *Logger) Trace8(format string, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5, arg6, arg7, arg8 any) {
 	if l.level.Load() >= uint32(LevelTrace) {
 		select {
-		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4, arg5: arg5, arg6: arg6, arg7: arg7, arg8: arg8}:
+		case l.msgChannel <- logMessage{level: LevelTrace, argCount: 8, format: format, arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2, arg3: arg3, arg4: arg4, arg5: arg5, arg6: arg6, arg7: arg7, arg8: arg8}:
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -286,35 +346,8 @@ func (l *Logger) formatMessage(buf *[]byte, msg logMessage) {
 	*buf = append(*buf, levelStrings[msg.level]...)
 	*buf = append(*buf, ' ')
 
-	// Count non-nil arguments for switch
-	argCount := 0
-	if msg.arg1 != nil {
-		argCount++
-		if msg.arg2 != nil {
-			argCount++
-			if msg.arg3 != nil {
-				argCount++
-				if msg.arg4 != nil {
-					argCount++
-					if msg.arg5 != nil {
-						argCount++
-						if msg.arg6 != nil {
-							argCount++
-							if msg.arg7 != nil {
-								argCount++
-								if msg.arg8 != nil {
-									argCount++
-								}
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	var formatted string
-	switch argCount {
+	switch msg.argCount {
 	case 0:
 		formatted = msg.format
 	case 1:
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat.go
index 8ed32eb5e..06312aabf 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat.go
@@ -11,10 +11,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nblog "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/log"
 )
 
-var ErrIPv4Only = errors.New("only IPv4 is supported for DNAT")
-
 var (
 	errInvalidIPHeaderLength = errors.New("invalid IP header length")
 )
@@ -25,10 +24,33 @@ const (
 	destinationPortOffset = 2
 
 	// IP address offsets in IPv4 header
-	sourceIPOffset      = 12
-	destinationIPOffset = 16
+	ipv4SrcOffset = 12
+	ipv4DstOffset = 16
+
+	// IP address offsets in IPv6 header
+	ipv6SrcOffset = 8
+	ipv6DstOffset = 24
+
+	// IPv6 fixed header length
+	ipv6HeaderLen = 40
 )
 
+// ipHeaderLen returns the IP header length based on the decoded layer type.
+func ipHeaderLen(d *decoder) (int, error) {
+	switch d.decoded[0] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv4:
+		n := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
+		if n < 20 {
+			return 0, errInvalidIPHeaderLength
+		}
+		return n, nil
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv6:
+		return ipv6HeaderLen, nil
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unknown IP layer: %v", d.decoded[0])
+	}
+}
+
 // ipv4Checksum calculates IPv4 header checksum.
 func ipv4Checksum(header []byte) uint16 {
 	if len(header) < 20 {
@@ -234,19 +256,22 @@ func (m *Manager) translateOutboundDNAT(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	dstIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[16], packetData[17], packetData[18], packetData[19]})
-
+	_, dstIP := extractPacketIPs(packetData, d)
 	translatedIP, exists := m.getDNATTranslation(dstIP)
 	if !exists {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if err := m.rewritePacketIP(packetData, d, translatedIP, destinationIPOffset); err != nil {
-		m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite packet destination: %v", err)
+	if err := m.rewritePacketIP(packetData, d, translatedIP, false); err != nil {
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelError) {
+			m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite packet destination: %v", err)
+		}
 		return false
 	}
 
-	m.logger.Trace2("DNAT: %s -> %s", dstIP, translatedIP)
+	if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		m.logger.Trace2("DNAT: %s -> %s", dstIP, translatedIP)
+	}
 	return true
 }
 
@@ -256,54 +281,115 @@ func (m *Manager) translateInboundReverse(packetData []byte, d *decoder) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	srcIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[12], packetData[13], packetData[14], packetData[15]})
-
+	srcIP, _ := extractPacketIPs(packetData, d)
 	originalIP, exists := m.findReverseDNATMapping(srcIP)
 	if !exists {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if err := m.rewritePacketIP(packetData, d, originalIP, sourceIPOffset); err != nil {
-		m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite packet source: %v", err)
+	if err := m.rewritePacketIP(packetData, d, originalIP, true); err != nil {
+		if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelError) {
+			m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite packet source: %v", err)
+		}
 		return false
 	}
 
-	m.logger.Trace2("Reverse DNAT: %s -> %s", srcIP, originalIP)
+	if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelTrace) {
+		m.logger.Trace2("Reverse DNAT: %s -> %s", srcIP, originalIP)
+	}
 	return true
 }
 
-// rewritePacketIP replaces an IP address (source or destination) in the packet and updates checksums.
-func (m *Manager) rewritePacketIP(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newIP netip.Addr, ipOffset int) error {
+// extractPacketIPs extracts src and dst IP addresses directly from raw packet bytes.
+func extractPacketIPs(packetData []byte, d *decoder) (src, dst netip.Addr) {
+	switch d.decoded[0] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv4:
+		src = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[ipv4SrcOffset], packetData[ipv4SrcOffset+1], packetData[ipv4SrcOffset+2], packetData[ipv4SrcOffset+3]})
+		dst = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[ipv4DstOffset], packetData[ipv4DstOffset+1], packetData[ipv4DstOffset+2], packetData[ipv4DstOffset+3]})
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv6:
+		src = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(packetData[ipv6SrcOffset : ipv6SrcOffset+16]))
+		dst = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(packetData[ipv6DstOffset : ipv6DstOffset+16]))
+	}
+	return src, dst
+}
+
+// rewritePacketIP replaces a source (isSource=true) or destination IP address in the packet and updates checksums.
+func (m *Manager) rewritePacketIP(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newIP netip.Addr, isSource bool) error {
+	hdrLen, err := ipHeaderLen(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	switch d.decoded[0] {
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv4:
+		return m.rewriteIPv4(packetData, d, newIP, hdrLen, isSource)
+	case layers.LayerTypeIPv6:
+		return m.rewriteIPv6(packetData, d, newIP, hdrLen, isSource)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown IP layer: %v", d.decoded[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) rewriteIPv4(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newIP netip.Addr, hdrLen int, isSource bool) error {
 	if !newIP.Is4() {
-		return ErrIPv4Only
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot write IPv6 address into IPv4 packet")
+	}
+
+	offset := ipv4DstOffset
+	if isSource {
+		offset = ipv4SrcOffset
 	}
 
 	var oldIP [4]byte
-	copy(oldIP[:], packetData[ipOffset:ipOffset+4])
+	copy(oldIP[:], packetData[offset:offset+4])
 	newIPBytes := newIP.As4()
+	copy(packetData[offset:offset+4], newIPBytes[:])
 
-	copy(packetData[ipOffset:ipOffset+4], newIPBytes[:])
-
-	ipHeaderLen := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
-	if ipHeaderLen < 20 || ipHeaderLen > len(packetData) {
-		return errInvalidIPHeaderLength
-	}
-
+	// Recalculate IPv4 header checksum
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[10:12], 0)
-	ipChecksum := ipv4Checksum(packetData[:ipHeaderLen])
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[10:12], ipChecksum)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[10:12], ipv4Checksum(packetData[:hdrLen]))
 
+	// Update transport checksums incrementally
 	if len(d.decoded) > 1 {
 		switch d.decoded[1] {
 		case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
-			m.updateTCPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen, oldIP[:], newIPBytes[:])
+			m.updateTCPChecksum(packetData, hdrLen, oldIP[:], newIPBytes[:])
 		case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
-			m.updateUDPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen, oldIP[:], newIPBytes[:])
+			m.updateUDPChecksum(packetData, hdrLen, oldIP[:], newIPBytes[:])
 		case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
-			m.updateICMPChecksum(packetData, ipHeaderLen)
+			m.updateICMPChecksum(packetData, hdrLen)
 		}
 	}
+	return nil
+}
 
+func (m *Manager) rewriteIPv6(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newIP netip.Addr, hdrLen int, isSource bool) error {
+	if !newIP.Is6() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot write IPv4 address into IPv6 packet")
+	}
+
+	offset := ipv6DstOffset
+	if isSource {
+		offset = ipv6SrcOffset
+	}
+
+	var oldIP [16]byte
+	copy(oldIP[:], packetData[offset:offset+16])
+	newIPBytes := newIP.As16()
+	copy(packetData[offset:offset+16], newIPBytes[:])
+
+	// IPv6 has no header checksum, only update transport checksums
+	if len(d.decoded) > 1 {
+		switch d.decoded[1] {
+		case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
+			m.updateTCPChecksum(packetData, hdrLen, oldIP[:], newIPBytes[:])
+		case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
+			m.updateUDPChecksum(packetData, hdrLen, oldIP[:], newIPBytes[:])
+		case layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+			// ICMPv6 checksum includes pseudo-header with addresses, use incremental update
+			m.updateICMPv6Checksum(packetData, hdrLen, oldIP[:], newIPBytes[:])
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -351,6 +437,20 @@ func (m *Manager) updateICMPChecksum(packetData []byte, ipHeaderLen int) {
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(icmpData[2:4], checksum)
 }
 
+// updateICMPv6Checksum updates ICMPv6 checksum after address change.
+// ICMPv6 uses a pseudo-header (like TCP/UDP), so incremental update applies.
+func (m *Manager) updateICMPv6Checksum(packetData []byte, ipHeaderLen int, oldIP, newIP []byte) {
+	icmpStart := ipHeaderLen
+	if len(packetData) < icmpStart+4 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	checksumOffset := icmpStart + 2
+	oldChecksum := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packetData[checksumOffset : checksumOffset+2])
+	newChecksum := incrementalUpdate(oldChecksum, oldIP, newIP)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(packetData[checksumOffset:checksumOffset+2], newChecksum)
+}
+
 // incrementalUpdate performs incremental checksum update per RFC 1624.
 func incrementalUpdate(oldChecksum uint16, oldBytes, newBytes []byte) uint16 {
 	sum := uint32(^oldChecksum)
@@ -387,30 +487,24 @@ func incrementalUpdate(oldChecksum uint16, oldBytes, newBytes []byte) uint16 {
 }
 
 // AddDNATRule adds outbound DNAT rule for forwarding external traffic to NetBird network.
-func (m *Manager) AddDNATRule(rule firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error) {
-	if m.nativeFirewall == nil {
-		return nil, errNatNotSupported
-	}
-	return m.nativeFirewall.AddDNATRule(rule)
+func (m *Manager) AddDNATRule(firewall.ForwardRule) (firewall.Rule, error) {
+	return nil, errNotSupported
 }
 
 // DeleteDNATRule deletes outbound DNAT rule.
-func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(rule firewall.Rule) error {
-	if m.nativeFirewall == nil {
-		return errNatNotSupported
-	}
-	return m.nativeFirewall.DeleteDNATRule(rule)
+func (m *Manager) DeleteDNATRule(firewall.Rule) error {
+	return errNotSupported
 }
 
 // addPortRedirection adds a port redirection rule.
-func (m *Manager) addPortRedirection(targetIP netip.Addr, protocol gopacket.LayerType, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) addPortRedirection(targetIP netip.Addr, protocol gopacket.LayerType, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.portDNATMutex.Lock()
 	defer m.portDNATMutex.Unlock()
 
 	rule := portDNATRule{
 		protocol:   protocol,
-		origPort:   sourcePort,
-		targetPort: targetPort,
+		origPort:   originalPort,
+		targetPort: translatedPort,
 		targetIP:   targetIP,
 	}
 
@@ -421,8 +515,7 @@ func (m *Manager) addPortRedirection(targetIP netip.Addr, protocol gopacket.Laye
 }
 
 // AddInboundDNAT adds an inbound DNAT rule redirecting traffic from NetBird peers to local services.
-// TODO: also delegate to nativeFirewall when available for kernel WG mode
-func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	var layerType gopacket.LayerType
 	switch protocol {
 	case firewall.ProtocolTCP:
@@ -433,16 +526,16 @@ func (m *Manager) AddInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protoco
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported protocol: %s", protocol)
 	}
 
-	return m.addPortRedirection(localAddr, layerType, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	return m.addPortRedirection(localAddr, layerType, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
 // removePortRedirection removes a port redirection rule.
-func (m *Manager) removePortRedirection(targetIP netip.Addr, protocol gopacket.LayerType, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) removePortRedirection(targetIP netip.Addr, protocol gopacket.LayerType, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	m.portDNATMutex.Lock()
 	defer m.portDNATMutex.Unlock()
 
 	m.portDNATRules = slices.DeleteFunc(m.portDNATRules, func(rule portDNATRule) bool {
-		return rule.protocol == protocol && rule.origPort == sourcePort && rule.targetPort == targetPort && rule.targetIP.Compare(targetIP) == 0
+		return rule.protocol == protocol && rule.origPort == originalPort && rule.targetPort == translatedPort && rule.targetIP.Compare(targetIP) == 0
 	})
 
 	if len(m.portDNATRules) == 0 {
@@ -453,7 +546,7 @@ func (m *Manager) removePortRedirection(targetIP netip.Addr, protocol gopacket.L
 }
 
 // RemoveInboundDNAT removes an inbound DNAT rule.
-func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
+func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error {
 	var layerType gopacket.LayerType
 	switch protocol {
 	case firewall.ProtocolTCP:
@@ -464,23 +557,19 @@ func (m *Manager) RemoveInboundDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Prot
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported protocol: %s", protocol)
 	}
 
-	return m.removePortRedirection(localAddr, layerType, sourcePort, targetPort)
+	return m.removePortRedirection(localAddr, layerType, originalPort, translatedPort)
 }
 
-// AddOutputDNAT delegates to the native firewall if available.
-func (m *Manager) AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	if m.nativeFirewall == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("output DNAT not supported without native firewall")
-	}
-	return m.nativeFirewall.AddOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+// AddOutputDNAT is not supported by the userspace firewall: it backs kernel DNS
+// redirection, but userspace DNS is served in-process on the gVisor netstack, so
+// this should never be called.
+func (m *Manager) AddOutputDNAT(netip.Addr, firewall.Protocol, uint16, uint16) error {
+	return errNotSupported
 }
 
-// RemoveOutputDNAT delegates to the native firewall if available.
-func (m *Manager) RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error {
-	if m.nativeFirewall == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return m.nativeFirewall.RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr, protocol, sourcePort, targetPort)
+// RemoveOutputDNAT is a no-op for the userspace firewall (see AddOutputDNAT).
+func (m *Manager) RemoveOutputDNAT(netip.Addr, firewall.Protocol, uint16, uint16) error {
+	return nil
 }
 
 // translateInboundPortDNAT applies port-specific DNAT translation to inbound packets.
@@ -521,7 +610,9 @@ func (m *Manager) applyPortRule(packetData []byte, d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP neti
 		}
 
 		if err := rewriteFn(packetData, d, rule.targetPort, destinationPortOffset); err != nil {
-			m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite port: %v", err)
+			if m.logger.Enabled(nblog.LevelError) {
+				m.logger.Error1("failed to rewrite port: %v", err)
+			}
 			return false
 		}
 		d.dnatOrigPort = rule.origPort
@@ -532,12 +623,12 @@ func (m *Manager) applyPortRule(packetData []byte, d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP neti
 
 // rewriteTCPPort rewrites a TCP port (source or destination) and updates checksum.
 func (m *Manager) rewriteTCPPort(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newPort uint16, portOffset int) error {
-	ipHeaderLen := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
-	if ipHeaderLen < 20 || ipHeaderLen > len(packetData) {
-		return errInvalidIPHeaderLength
+	hdrLen, err := ipHeaderLen(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	tcpStart := ipHeaderLen
+	tcpStart := hdrLen
 	if len(packetData) < tcpStart+4 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("packet too short for TCP header")
 	}
@@ -563,12 +654,12 @@ func (m *Manager) rewriteTCPPort(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newPort uint16,
 
 // rewriteUDPPort rewrites a UDP port (source or destination) and updates checksum.
 func (m *Manager) rewriteUDPPort(packetData []byte, d *decoder, newPort uint16, portOffset int) error {
-	ipHeaderLen := int(d.ip4.IHL) * 4
-	if ipHeaderLen < 20 || ipHeaderLen > len(packetData) {
-		return errInvalidIPHeaderLength
+	hdrLen, err := ipHeaderLen(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	udpStart := ipHeaderLen
+	udpStart := hdrLen
 	if len(packetData) < udpStart+8 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("packet too short for UDP header")
 	}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_bench_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_bench_test.go
index d2599e577..422c6b849 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_bench_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_bench_test.go
@@ -64,9 +64,11 @@ func BenchmarkDNATTranslation(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, sc := range scenarios {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -124,9 +126,11 @@ func BenchmarkDNATTranslation(b *testing.B) {
 
 // BenchmarkDNATConcurrency tests DNAT performance under concurrent load
 func BenchmarkDNATConcurrency(b *testing.B) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(b, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -196,9 +200,11 @@ func BenchmarkDNATScaling(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, count := range mappingCounts {
 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("mappings_%d", count), func(b *testing.B) {
-			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -308,9 +314,11 @@ func BenchmarkChecksumUpdate(b *testing.B) {
 
 // BenchmarkDNATMemoryAllocations checks for memory allocations in DNAT operations
 func BenchmarkDNATMemoryAllocations(b *testing.B) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(b, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -342,12 +350,17 @@ func BenchmarkDNATMemoryAllocations(b *testing.B) {
 
 		// Parse the packet fresh each time to get a clean decoder
 		d := &decoder{decoded: []gopacket.LayerType{}}
-		d.parser = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+		d.parser4 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
 			layers.LayerTypeIPv4,
 			&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
 		)
-		d.parser.IgnoreUnsupported = true
-		err = d.parser.DecodeLayers(testPacket, &d.decoded)
+		d.parser4.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+		d.parser6 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+			layers.LayerTypeIPv6,
+			&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
+		)
+		d.parser6.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+		err = d.decodePacket(testPacket)
 		assert.NoError(b, err)
 
 		manager.translateOutboundDNAT(testPacket, d)
@@ -371,12 +384,17 @@ func BenchmarkDirectIPExtraction(b *testing.B) {
 	b.Run("decoder_extraction", func(b *testing.B) {
 		// Create decoder once for comparison
 		d := &decoder{decoded: []gopacket.LayerType{}}
-		d.parser = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+		d.parser4 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
 			layers.LayerTypeIPv4,
 			&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
 		)
-		d.parser.IgnoreUnsupported = true
-		err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packet, &d.decoded)
+		d.parser4.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+		d.parser6 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+			layers.LayerTypeIPv6,
+			&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
+		)
+		d.parser6.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+		err := d.decodePacket(packet)
 		assert.NoError(b, err)
 
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
@@ -471,9 +489,11 @@ func BenchmarkPortDNAT(b *testing.B) {
 
 	for _, sc := range scenarios {
 		b.Run(sc.name, func(b *testing.B) {
-			manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-				SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-			}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+			manager, err := Create(Config{
+				IFace: &IFaceMock{
+					SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+				},
+				FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 			require.NoError(b, err)
 			defer func() {
 				require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil))
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_stateful_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_stateful_test.go
index 21c6da06e..5fa5da027 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_stateful_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_stateful_test.go
@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ import (
 
 // TestPortDNATBasic tests basic port DNAT functionality
 func TestPortDNATBasic(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -49,9 +51,11 @@ func TestPortDNATBasic(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestPortDNATMultipleRules tests multiple port DNAT rules
 func TestPortDNATMultipleRules(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_test.go
index 50743d006..5b5840383 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/nat_test.go
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ import (
 
 // TestDNATTranslationCorrectness verifies DNAT translation works correctly
 func TestDNATTranslationCorrectness(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -86,22 +88,29 @@ func parsePacket(t testing.TB, packetData []byte) *decoder {
 	d := &decoder{
 		decoded: []gopacket.LayerType{},
 	}
-	d.parser = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+	d.parser4 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
 		layers.LayerTypeIPv4,
 		&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
 	)
-	d.parser.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+	d.parser4.IgnoreUnsupported = true
+	d.parser6 = gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
+		layers.LayerTypeIPv6,
+		&d.eth, &d.ip4, &d.ip6, &d.icmp4, &d.icmp6, &d.tcp, &d.udp,
+	)
+	d.parser6.IgnoreUnsupported = true
 
-	err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded)
+	err := d.decodePacket(packetData)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return d
 }
 
 // TestDNATMappingManagement tests adding/removing DNAT mappings
 func TestDNATMappingManagement(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -147,9 +156,11 @@ func TestDNATMappingManagement(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestInboundPortDNAT(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
@@ -197,9 +208,11 @@ func TestInboundPortDNAT(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestInboundPortDNATNegative(t *testing.T) {
-	manager, err := Create(&IFaceMock{
-		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
-	}, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer func() {
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Close(nil))
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_acl_bench_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_acl_bench_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcb0ca5c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_acl_bench_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+//go:build uspbench
+
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/gopacket"
+	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+)
+
+// BenchmarkPeerACLMatch measures the per-packet cost of the peer ACL
+// matcher (peerACLsBlock) across realistic shapes: M distinct policy
+// rules, each with K source peers in its set.
+//
+// With the reverse-source index, miss cost is independent of M and
+// hit cost grows only with the number of rules touching a single
+// srcIP, not with total rule count.
+func BenchmarkPeerACLMatch(b *testing.B) {
+	shapes := []struct{ M, K int }{
+		{1, 100}, {10, 100}, {50, 100}, {100, 100}, {100, 1000},
+	}
+	families := []struct {
+		name string
+		v6   bool
+	}{{"v4", false}, {"v6", true}}
+
+	for _, fam := range families {
+		for _, s := range shapes {
+			b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/M=%d/K=%d/hit", fam.name, s.M, s.K), func(b *testing.B) {
+				runPeerACLBench(b, s.M, s.K, true, fam.v6)
+			})
+			b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/M=%d/K=%d/miss", fam.name, s.M, s.K), func(b *testing.B) {
+				runPeerACLBench(b, s.M, s.K, false, fam.v6)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func runPeerACLBench(b *testing.B, m, k int, hit, v6 bool) {
+	log.SetOutput(io.Discard) // keep manager logs out of the benchmark output
+
+	// Miss packets are dropped, so they always traverse the full peer
+	// ACL matcher (every bucket) without short-circuiting and without
+	// touching conntrack. Disable conntrack for the miss case so it
+	// measures the matcher, not established-state lookups. The hit case
+	// keeps conntrack on: an accepted packet reaches trackInbound, which
+	// needs the trackers conntrack creates.
+	if !hit {
+		b.Setenv("NB_DISABLE_CONNTRACK", "1")
+	}
+
+	bits := 32
+	genPkt := generatePacket
+	addrs := uniqueAddrs
+	if v6 {
+		bits = 128
+		genPkt = generatePacket6
+		addrs = uniqueAddrs6
+	}
+
+	// dstIP must be a local IP so filterInbound takes the local-traffic
+	// path (handleLocalTraffic → peerACLsBlock) we are measuring; an
+	// address the manager doesn't own would be treated as routed and
+	// short-circuit before the peer matcher.
+	dstIP := addrs(1, 2)[0]
+	mockAddr := wgaddr.Address{IP: dstIP, Network: netip.PrefixFrom(dstIP, bits)}
+	if v6 {
+		// The local-IP manager needs a valid v4 address too; expose the v6
+		// dst as the interface's IPv6 so IsLocalIP recognizes it.
+		mockAddr = wgaddr.Address{
+			IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+			Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"),
+			IPv6:    dstIP,
+			IPv6Net: netip.PrefixFrom(dstIP, bits),
+		}
+	}
+	manager, err := Create(Config{
+		IFace: &IFaceMock{
+			SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+			AddressFunc:   func() wgaddr.Address { return mockAddr },
+		},
+		FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+	require.NoError(b, err)
+	b.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(b, manager.Close(nil)) })
+
+	// Generate M policies × K source peers, all distinct.
+	all := addrs(m*k, 1)
+	for i := 0; i < m; i++ {
+		sources := make([]netip.Prefix, k)
+		for j, a := range all[i*k : (i+1)*k] {
+			sources[j] = netip.PrefixFrom(a, bits)
+		}
+		_, err := manager.AddFilterRule(
+			nil, sources, fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
+			&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{uint16(80 + i)}},
+			fw.ActionAccept)
+		require.NoError(b, err)
+	}
+
+	// Hit: cycle through real sources, picking the matching policy's port.
+	// Miss: a source from a disjoint range, port 80 (matches no policy).
+	var pktFn func(i int) []byte
+	if hit {
+		pktFn = func(i int) []byte {
+			policy := i % m
+			src := all[policy*k+(i%k)]
+			return genPkt(b, src.AsSlice(), dstIP.AsSlice(),
+				uint16(1024+i%60000), uint16(80+policy), layers.IPProtocolTCP)
+		}
+	} else {
+		miss := addrs(4096, 99)
+		pktFn = func(i int) []byte {
+			return genPkt(b, miss[i%len(miss)].AsSlice(), dstIP.AsSlice(),
+				uint16(1024+i%60000), 80, layers.IPProtocolTCP)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Pre-build a pool to avoid allocations dominating the measurement.
+	pool := make([][]byte, 1024)
+	for i := range pool {
+		pool[i] = pktFn(i)
+	}
+
+	// Confirm the matcher is actually exercised: a hit packet must be
+	// allowed and a miss packet dropped. Without this the benchmark
+	// could silently time the routed early-return instead.
+	require.Equal(b, !hit, manager.filterInbound(pool[0], 0),
+		"benchmark must reach the peer ACL matcher")
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		manager.filterInbound(pool[i%len(pool)], 0)
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkPeerACLIndexMemory reports the resident memory cost of
+// the source-keyed index across realistic deployment shapes. Two
+// dimensions matter: (M, K), the number of policies × peers-per-policy,
+// and overlap, the fraction of peers shared between policies.
+//
+// The output uses ReportMetric("bytes/rule") so the cost can be
+// compared across shapes directly. Total bytes = bytes/rule * M.
+func BenchmarkPeerACLIndexMemory(b *testing.B) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		M, K        int
+		overlapFrac float64 // 0 = disjoint per-policy sources, 1 = all share the same pool
+	}{
+		{"M=10/K=100/disjoint", 10, 100, 0},
+		{"M=100/K=100/disjoint", 100, 100, 0},
+		{"M=100/K=1000/disjoint", 100, 1000, 0},
+		{"M=100/K=1000/overlap=0.5", 100, 1000, 0.5},
+		{"M=100/K=1000/overlap=1.0", 100, 1000, 1.0},
+		{"M=1000/K=100/overlap=1.0", 1000, 100, 1.0},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		b.Run(c.name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				mgr, err := Create(Config{
+					IFace: &IFaceMock{
+						SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+					},
+					FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
+				require.NoError(b, err)
+
+				populateIndexedRules(b, mgr, c.M, c.K, c.overlapFrac)
+
+				runtime.GC()
+				var ms runtime.MemStats
+				runtime.ReadMemStats(&ms)
+				before := ms.HeapAlloc
+
+				// Drop the manager's external roots so we can isolate
+				// the index cost. We hold the manager itself live; the
+				// index is what we measure on the second pass.
+				mgr.incomingAcceptIndex.reset()
+				mgr.incomingDenyIndex.reset()
+				mgr.incomingAcceptRules = mgr.incomingAcceptRules[:0]
+				mgr.incomingDenyRules = mgr.incomingDenyRules[:0]
+				runtime.GC()
+				runtime.ReadMemStats(&ms)
+				after := ms.HeapAlloc
+
+				delta := int64(before) - int64(after)
+				if delta < 0 {
+					delta = 0
+				}
+				b.ReportMetric(float64(delta)/float64(c.M), "bytes/rule")
+				b.ReportMetric(float64(delta), "bytes/total")
+
+				require.NoError(b, mgr.Close(nil))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func populateIndexedRules(b *testing.B, mgr *Manager, m, k int, overlapFrac float64) {
+	b.Helper()
+	pool := uniqueAddrs(k+m*k, 1) // big enough universe
+	sharedLen := int(float64(k) * overlapFrac)
+	if sharedLen > k {
+		sharedLen = k
+	}
+	shared := pool[:sharedLen]
+	uniquePool := pool[sharedLen:]
+
+	for i := 0; i < m; i++ {
+		sources := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, k)
+		for _, a := range shared {
+			sources = append(sources, netip.PrefixFrom(a, 32))
+		}
+		// each policy gets (k-sharedLen) addresses unique to it from the unique pool
+		unique := uniquePool[i*(k-sharedLen) : (i+1)*(k-sharedLen)]
+		for _, a := range unique {
+			sources = append(sources, netip.PrefixFrom(a, 32))
+		}
+		_, err := mgr.AddFilterRule(
+			nil, sources, fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil,
+			&fw.Port{Values: []uint16{uint16(80 + i)}},
+			fw.ActionAccept)
+		require.NoError(b, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// uniqueAddrs returns n distinct addrs. Seeds 1, 2 are used for
+// policy sources / dst; seed 99 puts misses in 10/8.
+func uniqueAddrs(n int, seed int64) []netip.Addr {
+	out := make([]netip.Addr, 0, n)
+	seen := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{}, n)
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))
+	miss := seed == 99
+	for len(out) < n {
+		var b [4]byte
+		if miss {
+			b[0] = 10
+			b[1] = byte(r.Intn(256))
+		} else {
+			b[0] = 100
+			b[1] = byte(64 + r.Intn(63))
+		}
+		b[2] = byte(r.Intn(256))
+		b[3] = byte(1 + r.Intn(254))
+		a := netip.AddrFrom4(b)
+		if _, ok := seen[a]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[a] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, a)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// uniqueAddrs6 mirrors uniqueAddrs for IPv6: sources come from the ULA
+// range fd00::/8, the miss set (seed 99) from 2001:db8::/32 so it is
+// disjoint from any source.
+func uniqueAddrs6(n int, seed int64) []netip.Addr {
+	out := make([]netip.Addr, 0, n)
+	seen := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{}, n)
+	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))
+	miss := seed == 99
+	for len(out) < n {
+		var b [16]byte
+		if miss {
+			b[0], b[1], b[2], b[3] = 0x20, 0x01, 0x0d, 0xb8
+		} else {
+			b[0] = 0xfd
+		}
+		for x := 8; x < 16; x++ {
+			b[x] = byte(r.Intn(256))
+		}
+		a := netip.AddrFrom16(b)
+		if _, ok := seen[a]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[a] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, a)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// generatePacket6 builds an IPv6 TCP/UDP packet, mirroring
+// generatePacket for the v4 case.
+func generatePacket6(b *testing.B, srcIP, dstIP net.IP, srcPort, dstPort uint16, protocol layers.IPProtocol) []byte {
+	b.Helper()
+
+	ipv6 := &layers.IPv6{
+		Version:    6,
+		HopLimit:   64,
+		NextHeader: protocol,
+		SrcIP:      srcIP,
+		DstIP:      dstIP,
+	}
+
+	var transportLayer gopacket.SerializableLayer
+	switch protocol {
+	case layers.IPProtocolTCP:
+		tcp := &layers.TCP{
+			SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(srcPort),
+			DstPort: layers.TCPPort(dstPort),
+			SYN:     true,
+		}
+		require.NoError(b, tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ipv6))
+		transportLayer = tcp
+	case layers.IPProtocolUDP:
+		udp := &layers.UDP{
+			SrcPort: layers.UDPPort(srcPort),
+			DstPort: layers.UDPPort(dstPort),
+		}
+		require.NoError(b, udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ipv6))
+		transportLayer = udp
+	}
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+	require.NoError(b, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ipv6, transportLayer, gopacket.Payload("test")))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_acl_dedup_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_acl_dedup_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..696766d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_acl_dedup_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbiface "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+)
+
+func newTestManager(t *testing.T) *Manager {
+	t.Helper()
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+	}
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create manager")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil)) })
+	return m
+}
+
+// TestAddPeerFiltering_DeduplicatesIdenticalRules verifies that adding
+// the same peer rule twice does not create two backing rules. The acl
+// manager keys its own cache, but the firewall backend must be
+// idempotent on its own so a double-apply cannot leak rules, matching
+// the route path and the kernel backends.
+func TestAddPeerFiltering_DeduplicatesIdenticalRules(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(t)
+
+	ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
+	proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
+	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
+	action := fw.ActionDrop
+
+	first, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "first add")
+
+	second, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "second add")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, first.ID(), second.ID(), "duplicate add should return the same rule id")
+	assert.Len(t, m.incomingDenyRules, 1, "duplicate add must not create a second backing rule")
+}
+
+// TestDeletePeerFiltering_NoRefcountSingleDeleteRemoves locks the
+// backend's owner accounting for the same-owner case: a content key
+// installed twice by the same owner registers one owner claim, so the
+// first DeleteFilterRule removes the rule. Owner counting only kicks
+// in for distinct management rule IDs (see the peer owner tests); the
+// acl manager keys its tracking per (policy, content) and deletes once
+// per key, so adds and deletes stay balanced.
+func TestDeletePeerFiltering_NoRefcountSingleDeleteRemoves(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(t)
+
+	ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
+	proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
+	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
+	action := fw.ActionDrop
+
+	first, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "first add")
+
+	second, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "second add")
+	require.Equal(t, first.ID(), second.ID(), "dedup to one rule")
+	require.Len(t, m.incomingDenyRules, 1, "still one backing rule after duplicate add")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteFilterRule(first), "delete once")
+	assert.Empty(t, m.incomingDenyRules, "single delete removes the backing rule (no refcount)")
+	assert.NotContains(t, m.peerRulesMap, first.ID(), "dedup map entry cleared")
+}
+
+// TestAddPeerFiltering_DeterministicID verifies the peer rule id is a
+// content hash, not a random UUID: identical inputs produce the same id
+// across independent managers. A random id breaks caller-side dedup.
+func TestAddPeerFiltering_DeterministicID(t *testing.T) {
+	ip := net.ParseIP("10.0.0.5")
+	proto := fw.ProtocolUDP
+	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}}
+	action := fw.ActionAccept
+
+	m1 := newTestManager(t)
+	r1, err := m1.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	m2 := newTestManager(t)
+	r2, err := m2.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, r1.ID(), r2.ID(), "same inputs must produce the same rule id")
+}
+
+// TestAddPeerFiltering_DistinctRulesNotDeduped verifies that rules
+// differing only by port are kept separate.
+func TestAddPeerFiltering_DistinctRulesNotDeduped(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(t)
+
+	ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
+	proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
+	action := fw.ActionAccept
+
+	r80, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	r443, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{443}}, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, r80.ID(), r443.ID(), "different ports must produce different rule ids")
+	assert.Len(t, m.incomingAcceptRules, 2, "distinct rules must both be stored")
+}
+
+// TestAddPeerFiltering_SourceVsDestPortNotDeduped verifies that a rule
+// matching on source port and one matching on destination port for the
+// same selector do not collide: the port lands in a different slot, so
+// the content key must differ.
+func TestAddPeerFiltering_SourceVsDestPortNotDeduped(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(t)
+
+	ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
+	proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
+	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
+	action := fw.ActionAccept
+
+	dPortRule, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sPortRule, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, port, nil, action)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, dPortRule.ID(), sPortRule.ID(), "source-port and dest-port matches must produce different rule ids")
+}
+
+// TestAddFilterRule_EmptySourcesRejected verifies that an empty source
+// list is rejected rather than treated as "match any". "Match any" must
+// be an explicit /0, so a zeroed list can never silently widen a rule to
+// every source.
+func TestAddFilterRule_EmptySourcesRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(t)
+
+	proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
+	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
+
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, nil, fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, fw.ErrNoSources, "empty sources must be rejected")
+	assert.Empty(t, m.incomingAcceptRules, "no rule should be stored for empty sources")
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_acl_ipv6_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_acl_ipv6_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..282b44ebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_acl_ipv6_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/gopacket"
+	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	nbiface "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+)
+
+func newV6TestManager(t *testing.T, localV6 string) *Manager {
+	t.Helper()
+	ifaceMock := &IFaceMock{
+		SetFilterFunc: func(device.PacketFilter) error { return nil },
+		AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address {
+			return wgaddr.Address{
+				IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.10.0.100"),
+				Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.10.0.0/16"),
+				IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr(localV6),
+				IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"),
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: nbiface.DefaultMTU})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create manager")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, m.Close(nil)) })
+	return m
+}
+
+func v6UDPPacket(t *testing.T, src, dst string, dstPort uint16) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	ip6 := &layers.IPv6{
+		Version:    6,
+		HopLimit:   64,
+		NextHeader: layers.IPProtocolUDP,
+		SrcIP:      net.ParseIP(src),
+		DstIP:      net.ParseIP(dst),
+	}
+	udp := &layers.UDP{SrcPort: 51334, DstPort: layers.UDPPort(dstPort)}
+	require.NoError(t, udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip6))
+
+	buf := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
+	opts := gopacket.SerializeOptions{ComputeChecksums: true, FixLengths: true}
+	require.NoError(t, gopacket.SerializeLayers(buf, opts, ip6, udp, gopacket.Payload("test")))
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// TestPeerACL_IPv6HostRule verifies the source index resolves /128 v6
+// rules: a matching v6 source is accepted, a non-matching one is
+// denied by the default. This is the end-to-end proof that the index
+// is not v4-only.
+func TestPeerACL_IPv6HostRule(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newV6TestManager(t, "fd00::100")
+
+	src := net.ParseIP("fd00::1")
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(src), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolUDP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 accept rule")
+
+	require.False(t, m.filterInbound(v6UDPPacket(t, "fd00::1", "fd00::100", 53), 0),
+		"v6 packet from the allowed /128 source must be accepted")
+	require.True(t, m.filterInbound(v6UDPPacket(t, "fd00::2", "fd00::100", 53), 0),
+		"v6 packet from an unlisted source must be denied by default")
+}
+
+// TestPeerACL_IPv6IndexBuckets verifies that v6 sources land in the
+// right index bucket: a /128 in bySource keyed by its address, and
+// coarser prefixes (including ::/0) in the nonHost slice.
+func TestPeerACL_IPv6IndexBuckets(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newV6TestManager(t, "fd00::100")
+	port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}}
+
+	host := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(host, 128)}, fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolUDP, nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, m.incomingAcceptIndex.bySource, host, "/128 v6 source must be indexed by address")
+
+	_, err = m.AddFilterRule(nil, []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:dead::/64")}, fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolUDP, nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, m.incomingAcceptIndex.nonHost, 1, "coarser v6 prefix must land in nonHost")
+
+	_, err = m.AddFilterRule(nil, []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")}, fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolUDP, nil, port, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, m.incomingAcceptIndex.nonHost, 2, "::/0 source must also land in nonHost")
+}
+
+// TestPeerACL_IPv4MappedSourceNormalized verifies a v4-mapped v6
+// source prefix is normalized to v4 so a plain v4 packet matches it.
+func TestPeerACL_IPv4MappedSourceNormalized(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(t)
+
+	mapped := netip.MustParseAddr("::ffff:192.168.1.1")
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(mapped, mapped.BitLen())}, fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolUDP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	v4 := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
+	assert.Contains(t, m.incomingAcceptIndex.bySource, v4, "v4-mapped v6 source must be indexed as plain v4")
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_family_scope_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_family_scope_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cf3498fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_family_scope_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	fw "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+)
+
+// peerACLCheck decodes the packet and runs it through the peer ACLs,
+// returning the attributed management rule id and the drop verdict.
+func peerACLCheck(t *testing.T, m *Manager, packet []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	d := m.decoders.Get().(*decoder)
+	defer m.decoders.Put(d)
+	require.NoError(t, d.decodePacket(packet))
+	src, _ := m.extractIPs(d)
+	return m.peerACLsBlock(src, d, packet)
+}
+
+// TestPeerACL_MultiValuePortMatchesEachListedPort guards the multi-value
+// port path: a rule listing several discrete destination ports must
+// match a packet to each listed port and drop one that is not listed.
+// Management currently splits a multi-port policy into one rule per port
+// (and the wire format carries a single port), so this list shape is not
+// emitted today; the test locks correct matching in case that changes.
+func TestPeerACL_MultiValuePortMatchesEachListedPort(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(t)
+
+	src := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
+	ports := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80, 443}}
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(src), fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, ports, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add multi-value port rule")
+
+	for _, p := range []uint16{80, 443} {
+		_, blocked := peerACLCheck(t, m, createTestPacket(t, "192.168.1.1", "10.0.0.2", fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, p))
+		assert.False(t, blocked, "packet to listed port %d must match the rule", p)
+	}
+
+	_, blocked := peerACLCheck(t, m, createTestPacket(t, "192.168.1.1", "10.0.0.2", fw.ProtocolTCP, 12345, 8080))
+	assert.True(t, blocked, "packet to a port not in the list must not match the rule")
+}
+
+// TestPeerACL_MatchAnyIsFamilyScoped verifies that a /0 source matches
+// only packets of its own family: 0.0.0.0/0 must not match IPv6 packets
+// and ::/0 must not match IPv4 packets, matching kernel backend
+// semantics.
+func TestPeerACL_MatchAnyIsFamilyScoped(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(t)
+
+	v4Packet := createTestPacket(t, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", fw.ProtocolUDP, 12345, 53)
+	v6Packet := v6UDPPacket(t, "fd00::1", "fd00::100", 53)
+
+	v4Any := []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)}
+	rule, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, v4Any, fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolALL, nil, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v4 /0 rule")
+
+	_, blocked := peerACLCheck(t, m, v4Packet)
+	assert.False(t, blocked, "0.0.0.0/0 must match IPv4 packets")
+	_, blocked = peerACLCheck(t, m, v6Packet)
+	assert.True(t, blocked, "0.0.0.0/0 must not match IPv6 packets")
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.DeleteFilterRule(rule))
+
+	v6Any := []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)}
+	_, err = m.AddFilterRule(nil, v6Any, fw.Network{}, fw.ProtocolALL, nil, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add v6 /0 rule")
+
+	_, blocked = peerACLCheck(t, m, v6Packet)
+	assert.False(t, blocked, "::/0 must match IPv6 packets")
+	_, blocked = peerACLCheck(t, m, v4Packet)
+	assert.True(t, blocked, "::/0 must not match IPv4 packets")
+}
+
+// TestRouteACL_MixedFamilyZeroSourcesStayFamilySafe verifies the route
+// path keeps per-prefix family matching when a single rule carries both
+// 0.0.0.0/0 and ::/0 sources, as blockInvalidRouted does.
+func TestRouteACL_MixedFamilyZeroSourcesStayFamilySafe(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(t)
+
+	sources := []netip.Prefix{
+		netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0),
+		netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0),
+	}
+
+	_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, sources, fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")},
+		fw.ProtocolALL, nil, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = m.AddFilterRule(nil, sources, fw.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1::/64")},
+		fw.ProtocolALL, nil, nil, fw.ActionAccept)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	v4Src := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")
+	v6Src := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+
+	_, pass := m.routeACLsPass(v4Src, netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.5"), 255, 0, 0)
+	assert.True(t, pass, "v4 source must match the v4 destination rule via 0.0.0.0/0")
+	_, pass = m.routeACLsPass(v6Src, netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1::5"), 255, 0, 0)
+	assert.True(t, pass, "v6 source must match the v6 destination rule via ::/0")
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_index.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_index.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..552ffd2d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/peer_index.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/google/gopacket"
+	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
+
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+)
+
+// peerRuleIndex is the source-side dispatcher consulted on the packet
+// hot path. It splits rules into two buckets by the shape of their
+// source list:
+//
+//   - bySource: every source is a host prefix (/32 for v4, /128 for
+//     v6). Keyed by the concrete source address, so a hit guarantees
+//     the source filter passes and the matcher goes straight to
+//     proto/port checks. This is the common case for peer ACLs.
+//   - nonHost: any source list with a prefix coarser than a host,
+//     including a /0 "match any". Walked linearly with a per-rule
+//     Contains() check. Expected small or empty for typical peer ACLs.
+//
+// Maintained incrementally by add/remove, never rebuilt.
+type peerRuleIndex struct {
+	bySource map[netip.Addr][]*PeerRule
+	nonHost  []*PeerRule
+}
+
+func (i *peerRuleIndex) add(r *PeerRule) {
+	if hasNonHostSource(r) {
+		i.nonHost = append(i.nonHost, r)
+		return
+	}
+	if i.bySource == nil {
+		i.bySource = make(map[netip.Addr][]*PeerRule)
+	}
+	for a := range r.sourceAddrs {
+		i.bySource[a] = append(i.bySource[a], r)
+	}
+}
+
+func (i *peerRuleIndex) remove(r *PeerRule) {
+	if hasNonHostSource(r) {
+		i.nonHost = slices.DeleteFunc(i.nonHost, eqRule(r))
+		return
+	}
+	if i.bySource == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for a := range r.sourceAddrs {
+		entries := slices.DeleteFunc(i.bySource[a], eqRule(r))
+		if len(entries) == 0 {
+			delete(i.bySource, a)
+		} else {
+			i.bySource[a] = entries
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (i *peerRuleIndex) reset() {
+	i.bySource = nil
+	i.nonHost = i.nonHost[:0]
+}
+
+// match returns the first rule matching src and the decoded packet.
+// Host rules are found by direct map lookup; nonHost rules run a
+// per-rule source Contains() check. Containment is family-scoped, so
+// a /0 source matches every address of its own family only (0.0.0.0/0
+// never matches v6 sources and ::/0 never matches v4). Within either
+// bucket the matcher runs the proto/port filter.
+func (i *peerRuleIndex) match(src netip.Addr, d *decoder) ([]byte, bool, bool) {
+	payloadLayer := d.decoded[1]
+
+	for _, rule := range i.bySource[src] {
+		if id, drop, ok := matchProto(rule, d, payloadLayer); ok {
+			return id, drop, true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, rule := range i.nonHost {
+		if !prefixesContain(rule.sources, src) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if id, drop, ok := matchProto(rule, d, payloadLayer); ok {
+			return id, drop, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false, false
+}
+
+func eqRule(target *PeerRule) func(*PeerRule) bool {
+	return func(p *PeerRule) bool { return p == target }
+}
+
+// hasNonHostSource reports whether the rule has any source prefix
+// that is not a single host address. Called only at add/remove time,
+// not on the packet path.
+func hasNonHostSource(r *PeerRule) bool {
+	for _, p := range r.sources {
+		if p.Bits() != p.Addr().BitLen() {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// matchProto applies the proto/port half of a rule against the
+// decoded packet. Source matching is the caller's responsibility.
+func matchProto(rule *PeerRule, d *decoder, payloadLayer gopacket.LayerType) ([]byte, bool, bool) {
+	drop := rule.action == firewall.ActionDrop
+	if rule.protoLayer == layerTypeAll {
+		return rule.mgmtId, drop, true
+	}
+	if !protoLayerMatches(rule.protoLayer, payloadLayer) {
+		return nil, false, false
+	}
+	switch payloadLayer {
+	case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
+		if portsMatch(rule.srcPort, uint16(d.tcp.SrcPort)) && portsMatch(rule.dstPort, uint16(d.tcp.DstPort)) {
+			return rule.mgmtId, drop, true
+		}
+	case layers.LayerTypeUDP:
+		if portsMatch(rule.srcPort, uint16(d.udp.SrcPort)) && portsMatch(rule.dstPort, uint16(d.udp.DstPort)) {
+			return rule.mgmtId, drop, true
+		}
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4, layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+		return rule.mgmtId, drop, true
+	}
+	return nil, false, false
+}
+
+func prefixesContain(sources []netip.Prefix, src netip.Addr) bool {
+	for _, p := range sources {
+		if p.Contains(src) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/rule.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/rule.go
index 08d68a78e..6d73b19ac 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/rule.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/rule.go
@@ -10,24 +10,43 @@ import (
 
 // PeerRule to handle management of rules
 type PeerRule struct {
-	id         string
-	mgmtId     []byte
-	ip         netip.Addr
-	ipLayer    gopacket.LayerType
-	matchByIP  bool
-	protoLayer gopacket.LayerType
-	sPort      *firewall.Port
-	dPort      *firewall.Port
-	drop bool
+	id     firewall.RuleID
+	mgmtId []byte
+	// sources is the canonical list of source prefixes this rule
+	// matches against.
+	sources []netip.Prefix
+	// sourceAddrs is a fast-path membership set for host-prefix
+	// sources (/32 v4, /128 v6). Populated alongside sources;
+	// consulted before falling back to prefix scan.
+	sourceAddrs map[netip.Addr]struct{}
+	protoLayer  gopacket.LayerType
+	srcPort     *firewall.Port
+	dstPort     *firewall.Port
+	action      firewall.Action
+}
+
+// matchesSource reports whether the given source address is covered
+// by this rule's source list. Prefix containment is family-scoped, so
+// a /0 source matches every address of its own family only.
+func (r *PeerRule) matchesSource(src netip.Addr) bool {
+	if _, ok := r.sourceAddrs[src]; ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, p := range r.sources {
+		if p.Contains(src) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // ID returns the rule id
-func (r *PeerRule) ID() string {
+func (r *PeerRule) ID() firewall.RuleID {
 	return r.id
 }
 
 type RouteRule struct {
-	id           string
+	id           firewall.RuleID
 	mgmtId       []byte
 	sources      []netip.Prefix
 	dstSet       firewall.Set
@@ -39,6 +58,6 @@ type RouteRule struct {
 }
 
 // ID returns the rule id
-func (r *RouteRule) ID() string {
+func (r *RouteRule) ID() firewall.RuleID {
 	return r.id
 }
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/testhelpers_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/testhelpers_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0760f5ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/testhelpers_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package uspfilter
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+)
+
+// countRulesForAddr reports how many rules in the given slice match
+// the supplied source address.
+func countRulesForAddr(rules peerRules, src netip.Addr) int {
+	n := 0
+	for _, r := range rules {
+		if r.matchesSource(src) {
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+// findRuleByID returns true if the rules slice contains a rule with
+// the given id whose source set covers src.
+func findRuleByID(rules peerRules, src netip.Addr, id firewall.RuleID) bool {
+	for _, r := range rules {
+		if r.id == id && r.matchesSource(src) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// pfx converts a single net.IP into the []netip.Prefix form
+// AddFilterRule expects. A nil or unspecified address becomes a /0
+// ("match any") prefix in the matching family; any other address
+// becomes its /32 (or /128) host prefix.
+func pfx(ip net.IP) []netip.Prefix {
+	if ip == nil {
+		return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)}
+	}
+	if ip.IsUnspecified() {
+		if ip.To4() != nil {
+			return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)}
+		}
+		return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)}
+	}
+	a, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
+	a = a.Unmap()
+	return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(a, a.BitLen())}
+}
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer.go
index 69c2519bf..3c081314c 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer.go
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package uspfilter
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/gopacket"
@@ -112,10 +114,13 @@ func (t *PacketTrace) AddResultWithForwarder(stage PacketStage, message string,
 }
 
 func (p *PacketBuilder) Build() ([]byte, error) {
-	ip := p.buildIPLayer()
-	pktLayers := []gopacket.SerializableLayer{ip}
+	ipLayer, err := p.buildIPLayer()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	pktLayers := []gopacket.SerializableLayer{ipLayer}
 
-	transportLayer, err := p.buildTransportLayer(ip)
+	transportLayer, err := p.buildTransportLayer(ipLayer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -129,30 +134,43 @@ func (p *PacketBuilder) Build() ([]byte, error) {
 	return serializePacket(pktLayers)
 }
 
-func (p *PacketBuilder) buildIPLayer() *layers.IPv4 {
+func (p *PacketBuilder) buildIPLayer() (gopacket.SerializableLayer, error) {
+	if p.SrcIP.Is4() != p.DstIP.Is4() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("mixed address families: src=%s dst=%s", p.SrcIP, p.DstIP)
+	}
+	proto := getIPProtocolNumber(p.Protocol, p.SrcIP.Is6())
+	if p.SrcIP.Is6() {
+		return &layers.IPv6{
+			Version:    6,
+			HopLimit:   64,
+			NextHeader: proto,
+			SrcIP:      p.SrcIP.AsSlice(),
+			DstIP:      p.DstIP.AsSlice(),
+		}, nil
+	}
 	return &layers.IPv4{
 		Version:  4,
 		TTL:      64,
-		Protocol: layers.IPProtocol(getIPProtocolNumber(p.Protocol)),
+		Protocol: proto,
 		SrcIP:    p.SrcIP.AsSlice(),
 		DstIP:    p.DstIP.AsSlice(),
-	}
+	}, nil
 }
 
-func (p *PacketBuilder) buildTransportLayer(ip *layers.IPv4) ([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, error) {
+func (p *PacketBuilder) buildTransportLayer(ipLayer gopacket.SerializableLayer) ([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, error) {
 	switch p.Protocol {
 	case "tcp":
-		return p.buildTCPLayer(ip)
+		return p.buildTCPLayer(ipLayer)
 	case "udp":
-		return p.buildUDPLayer(ip)
+		return p.buildUDPLayer(ipLayer)
 	case "icmp":
-		return p.buildICMPLayer()
+		return p.buildICMPLayer(ipLayer)
 	default:
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported protocol: %s", p.Protocol)
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *PacketBuilder) buildTCPLayer(ip *layers.IPv4) ([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, error) {
+func (p *PacketBuilder) buildTCPLayer(ipLayer gopacket.SerializableLayer) ([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, error) {
 	tcp := &layers.TCP{
 		SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(p.SrcPort),
 		DstPort: layers.TCPPort(p.DstPort),
@@ -164,24 +182,44 @@ func (p *PacketBuilder) buildTCPLayer(ip *layers.IPv4) ([]gopacket.SerializableL
 		PSH:     p.TCPState != nil && p.TCPState.PSH,
 		URG:     p.TCPState != nil && p.TCPState.URG,
 	}
-	if err := tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set network layer for TCP checksum: %w", err)
+	if nl, ok := ipLayer.(gopacket.NetworkLayer); ok {
+		if err := tcp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(nl); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("set network layer for TCP checksum: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 	return []gopacket.SerializableLayer{tcp}, nil
 }
 
-func (p *PacketBuilder) buildUDPLayer(ip *layers.IPv4) ([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, error) {
+func (p *PacketBuilder) buildUDPLayer(ipLayer gopacket.SerializableLayer) ([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, error) {
 	udp := &layers.UDP{
 		SrcPort: layers.UDPPort(p.SrcPort),
 		DstPort: layers.UDPPort(p.DstPort),
 	}
-	if err := udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(ip); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set network layer for UDP checksum: %w", err)
+	if nl, ok := ipLayer.(gopacket.NetworkLayer); ok {
+		if err := udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(nl); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("set network layer for UDP checksum: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 	return []gopacket.SerializableLayer{udp}, nil
 }
 
-func (p *PacketBuilder) buildICMPLayer() ([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, error) {
+func (p *PacketBuilder) buildICMPLayer(ipLayer gopacket.SerializableLayer) ([]gopacket.SerializableLayer, error) {
+	if p.SrcIP.Is6() || p.DstIP.Is6() {
+		icmp := &layers.ICMPv6{
+			TypeCode: layers.CreateICMPv6TypeCode(p.ICMPType, p.ICMPCode),
+		}
+		if nl, ok := ipLayer.(gopacket.NetworkLayer); ok {
+			_ = icmp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(nl)
+		}
+		if p.ICMPType == layers.ICMPv6TypeEchoRequest || p.ICMPType == layers.ICMPv6TypeEchoReply {
+			echo := &layers.ICMPv6Echo{
+				Identifier: 1,
+				SeqNumber:  1,
+			}
+			return []gopacket.SerializableLayer{icmp, echo}, nil
+		}
+		return []gopacket.SerializableLayer{icmp}, nil
+	}
 	icmp := &layers.ICMPv4{
 		TypeCode: layers.CreateICMPv4TypeCode(p.ICMPType, p.ICMPCode),
 	}
@@ -204,14 +242,17 @@ func serializePacket(layers []gopacket.SerializableLayer) ([]byte, error) {
 	return buf.Bytes(), nil
 }
 
-func getIPProtocolNumber(protocol fw.Protocol) int {
+func getIPProtocolNumber(protocol fw.Protocol, isV6 bool) layers.IPProtocol {
 	switch protocol {
 	case fw.ProtocolTCP:
-		return int(layers.IPProtocolTCP)
+		return layers.IPProtocolTCP
 	case fw.ProtocolUDP:
-		return int(layers.IPProtocolUDP)
+		return layers.IPProtocolUDP
 	case fw.ProtocolICMP:
-		return int(layers.IPProtocolICMPv4)
+		if isV6 {
+			return layers.IPProtocolICMPv6
+		}
+		return layers.IPProtocolICMPv4
 	default:
 		return 0
 	}
@@ -234,7 +275,7 @@ func (m *Manager) TracePacket(packetData []byte, direction fw.RuleDirection) *Pa
 	trace := &PacketTrace{Direction: direction}
 
 	// Initial packet decoding
-	if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+	if err := d.decodePacket(packetData); err != nil {
 		trace.AddResult(StageReceived, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to decode packet: %v", err), false)
 		return trace
 	}
@@ -244,6 +285,14 @@ func (m *Manager) TracePacket(packetData []byte, direction fw.RuleDirection) *Pa
 	trace.SourceIP = srcIP
 	trace.DestinationIP = dstIP
 
+	// A fragment or otherwise truncated packet has no transport layer.
+	// The inbound datapath drops these via isValidPacket; the tracer must
+	// guard explicitly since every downstream stage reads d.decoded[1].
+	if len(d.decoded) < 2 {
+		trace.AddResult(StageReceived, "Packet has no transport layer (fragment or unsupported protocol)", false)
+		return trace
+	}
+
 	// Determine protocol and ports
 	switch d.decoded[1] {
 	case layers.LayerTypeTCP:
@@ -256,6 +305,8 @@ func (m *Manager) TracePacket(packetData []byte, direction fw.RuleDirection) *Pa
 		trace.DestinationPort = uint16(d.udp.DstPort)
 	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
 		trace.Protocol = "ICMP"
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+		trace.Protocol = "ICMPv6"
 	}
 
 	trace.AddResult(StageReceived, fmt.Sprintf("Received %s packet: %s:%d -> %s:%d",
@@ -319,6 +370,13 @@ func (m *Manager) buildConntrackStateMessage(d *decoder) string {
 			flags&conntrack.TCPFin != 0)
 	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv4:
 		msg += fmt.Sprintf(" (ICMP ID=%d, Seq=%d)", d.icmp4.Id, d.icmp4.Seq)
+	case layers.LayerTypeICMPv6:
+		var id, seq uint16
+		if len(d.icmp6.Payload) >= 4 {
+			id = uint16(d.icmp6.Payload[0])<<8 | uint16(d.icmp6.Payload[1])
+			seq = uint16(d.icmp6.Payload[2])<<8 | uint16(d.icmp6.Payload[3])
+		}
+		msg += fmt.Sprintf(" (ICMPv6 ID=%d, Seq=%d)", id, seq)
 	}
 	return msg
 }
@@ -395,7 +453,7 @@ func (m *Manager) handleRouteACLs(trace *PacketTrace, d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP n
 	trace.AddResult(StageRouteACL, msg, allowed)
 
 	if allowed && m.forwarder.Load() != nil {
-		m.addForwardingResult(trace, "proxy-remote", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", dstIP, dstPort), true)
+		m.addForwardingResult(trace, "proxy-remote", net.JoinHostPort(dstIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(dstPort))), true)
 	}
 
 	trace.AddResult(StageCompleted, msgProcessingCompleted, allowed)
@@ -415,7 +473,7 @@ func (m *Manager) traceOutbound(packetData []byte, trace *PacketTrace) *PacketTr
 	d := m.decoders.Get().(*decoder)
 	defer m.decoders.Put(d)
 
-	if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+	if err := d.decodePacket(packetData); err != nil {
 		trace.AddResult(StageCompleted, "Packet dropped - decode error", false)
 		return trace
 	}
@@ -434,7 +492,7 @@ func (m *Manager) traceOutbound(packetData []byte, trace *PacketTrace) *PacketTr
 func (m *Manager) handleInboundDNAT(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d *decoder, srcIP, dstIP *netip.Addr) bool {
 	portDNATApplied := m.traceInboundPortDNAT(trace, packetData, d)
 	if portDNATApplied {
-		if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+		if err := d.decodePacket(packetData); err != nil {
 			trace.AddResult(StageInboundPortDNAT, "Failed to re-decode after port DNAT", false)
 			return true
 		}
@@ -444,7 +502,7 @@ func (m *Manager) handleInboundDNAT(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d *de
 
 	nat1to1Applied := m.traceInbound1to1NAT(trace, packetData, d)
 	if nat1to1Applied {
-		if err := d.parser.DecodeLayers(packetData, &d.decoded); err != nil {
+		if err := d.decodePacket(packetData); err != nil {
 			trace.AddResult(StageInbound1to1NAT, "Failed to re-decode after 1:1 NAT", false)
 			return true
 		}
@@ -509,7 +567,7 @@ func (m *Manager) traceInbound1to1NAT(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d *
 		return false
 	}
 
-	srcIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[12], packetData[13], packetData[14], packetData[15]})
+	srcIP, _ := extractPacketIPs(packetData, d)
 
 	translated := m.translateInboundReverse(packetData, d)
 	if translated {
@@ -539,7 +597,7 @@ func (m *Manager) traceOutbound1to1NAT(trace *PacketTrace, packetData []byte, d
 		return false
 	}
 
-	dstIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{packetData[16], packetData[17], packetData[18], packetData[19]})
+	_, dstIP := extractPacketIPs(packetData, d)
 
 	translated := m.translateOutboundDNAT(packetData, d)
 	if translated {
diff --git a/client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer_test.go b/client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer_test.go
index 657f96fc0..27b5e3f9e 100644
--- a/client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer_test.go
+++ b/client/firewall/uspfilter/tracer_test.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		}
 
-		m, err := Create(ifaceMock, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+		m, err := Create(Config{IFace: ifaceMock, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		if !statefulMode {
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
 				action := fw.ActionAccept
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, port, action, "")
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
 				action := fw.ActionDrop
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, port, action, "")
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
 				action := fw.ActionAccept
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, port, action, "")
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
 				action := fw.ActionAccept
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, port, action, "")
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 
 				src := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}), 32)
 				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 17, 2}), 32)
-				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, fw.Network{Prefix: dst}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, fw.Network{Prefix: dst}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionAccept)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 
 				src := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}), 32)
 				dst := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 17, 2}), 32)
-				_, err := m.AddRouteFiltering(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, fw.Network{Prefix: dst}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop)
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, []netip.Prefix{src}, fw.Network{Prefix: dst}, fw.ProtocolTCP, nil, &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}, fw.ActionDrop)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				ip := net.ParseIP("1.1.1.1")
 				proto := fw.ProtocolICMP
 				action := fw.ActionAccept
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, nil, action, "")
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, nil, action)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				ip := net.ParseIP("1.1.1.1")
 				proto := fw.ProtocolICMP
 				action := fw.ActionDrop
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, nil, action, "")
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, nil, action)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				proto := fw.ProtocolUDP
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{53}}
 				action := fw.ActionAccept
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, port, action, "")
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ func TestTracePacket(t *testing.T) {
 				proto := fw.ProtocolTCP
 				port := &fw.Port{Values: []uint16{80}}
 				action := fw.ActionDrop
-				_, err := m.AddPeerFiltering(nil, ip, proto, nil, port, action, "")
+				_, err := m.AddFilterRule(nil, pfx(ip), fw.Network{}, proto, nil, port, action)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 			},
 			packetBuilder: func() *PacketBuilder {
diff --git a/client/grpc/dialer_generic.go b/client/grpc/dialer_generic.go
index 479575996..737787223 100644
--- a/client/grpc/dialer_generic.go
+++ b/client/grpc/dialer_generic.go
@@ -16,28 +16,52 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents/sweep"
 )
 
+// Sweeper registers in-flight dials for the network change sweep.
+type Sweeper interface {
+	StartDial(ctx context.Context) *sweep.Dial
+}
+
 func WithCustomDialer(_ bool, _ string) grpc.DialOption {
+	return grpc.WithContextDialer(dialContext)
+}
+
+// WithSweeper dials like WithCustomDialer but registers connections and
+// dials with the sweeper. Append it after WithCustomDialer: gRPC applies
+// dial options in order, so the later context dialer wins.
+func WithSweeper(sweeper Sweeper) grpc.DialOption {
 	return grpc.WithContextDialer(func(ctx context.Context, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-		if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
-			currentUser, err := user.Current()
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, status.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "failed to get current user: %v", err)
-			}
+		dial := sweeper.StartDial(ctx)
+		defer dial.Release()
 
-			// the custom dialer requires root permissions which are not required for use cases run as non-root
-			if currentUser.Uid != "0" {
-				log.Debug("Not running as root, using standard dialer")
-				dialer := &net.Dialer{}
-				return dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
-			}
-		}
-
-		conn, err := nbnet.NewDialer().DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
+		conn, err := dialContext(dial.Ctx(), addr)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("nbnet.NewDialer().DialContext: %w", err)
+			return nil, err
 		}
-		return conn, nil
+		return dial.WrapConn(conn)
 	})
 }
+
+func dialContext(ctx context.Context, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		currentUser, err := user.Current()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "failed to get current user: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// the custom dialer requires root permissions which are not required for use cases run as non-root
+		if currentUser.Uid != "0" {
+			log.Debug("Not running as root, using standard dialer")
+			dialer := &net.Dialer{}
+			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	conn, err := nbnet.NewDialer().DialContext(ctx, "tcp", addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nbnet.NewDialer().DialContext: %w", err)
+	}
+	return conn, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/grpc/dialer_js.go b/client/grpc/dialer_js.go
index b89ec3c21..4ff4ceb20 100644
--- a/client/grpc/dialer_js.go
+++ b/client/grpc/dialer_js.go
@@ -1,13 +1,26 @@
 package grpc
 
 import (
+	"context"
+
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents/sweep"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/wsproxy/client"
 )
 
+// Sweeper registers in-flight dials for the network change sweep.
+type Sweeper interface {
+	StartDial(ctx context.Context) *sweep.Dial
+}
+
 // WithCustomDialer returns a gRPC dial option that uses WebSocket transport for WASM/JS environments.
 // The component parameter specifies the WebSocket proxy component path (e.g., "/management", "/signal").
 func WithCustomDialer(tlsEnabled bool, component string) grpc.DialOption {
 	return client.WithWebSocketDialer(tlsEnabled, component)
 }
+
+// WithSweeper is a no-op on WASM/JS: there is no network change signal.
+func WithSweeper(_ Sweeper) grpc.DialOption {
+	return grpc.EmptyDialOption{}
+}
diff --git a/client/grpc/retry.go b/client/grpc/retry.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bb6037bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/grpc/retry.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+)
+
+// ChangeWatcher exposes OS network availability transitions.
+type ChangeWatcher interface {
+	Changed() <-chan struct{}
+}
+
+// Retry mirrors backoff.Retry, but the sleep between attempts also wakes on
+// OS network availability transitions: an operation cut down by a network
+// change retries the moment the network settles instead of sleeping through
+// the recovery. A nil watcher never fires, leaving plain backoff.Retry
+// behavior.
+func Retry(ctx context.Context, operation backoff.Operation, bo backoff.BackOff, watcher ChangeWatcher) error {
+	bo.Reset()
+	for {
+		err := operation()
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		var permanent *backoff.PermanentError
+		if errors.As(err, &permanent) {
+			return permanent.Err
+		}
+
+		next := bo.NextBackOff()
+		if next == backoff.Stop {
+			if cerr := ctx.Err(); cerr != nil {
+				return cerr
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+
+		var changed <-chan struct{}
+		if watcher != nil {
+			changed = watcher.Changed()
+		}
+		timer := time.NewTimer(next)
+		select {
+		case <-timer.C:
+		case <-changed:
+			timer.Stop()
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			timer.Stop()
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/grpc/retry_test.go b/client/grpc/retry_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..266bb93e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/grpc/retry_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents/netstate"
+)
+
+func TestRetryWakesOnNetworkChange(t *testing.T) {
+	ns := netstate.New()
+	attempts := 0
+	operation := func() error {
+		attempts++
+		if attempts == 1 {
+			return errors.New("cut by network change")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+		ns.Set(false)
+	}()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	err := Retry(context.Background(), operation, backoff.NewConstantBackOff(time.Minute), ns)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, attempts, "network change must cause one immediate retry")
+	assert.Less(t, time.Since(start), time.Second, "the transition must cut the minute-long sleep short")
+}
+
+func TestRetryPermanentError(t *testing.T) {
+	sentinel := errors.New("permission denied")
+	operation := func() error {
+		return backoff.Permanent(sentinel)
+	}
+
+	err := Retry(context.Background(), operation, backoff.NewConstantBackOff(time.Millisecond), nil)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, sentinel, "permanent errors must stop retries")
+}
+
+func TestRetryNilNetState(t *testing.T) {
+	attempts := 0
+	operation := func() error {
+		attempts++
+		if attempts < 3 {
+			return errors.New("transient")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err := Retry(context.Background(), operation, backoff.NewConstantBackOff(time.Millisecond), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, attempts, "nil network state must preserve timed retries")
+}
+
+func TestRetryStops(t *testing.T) {
+	failure := errors.New("still failing")
+	operation := func() error {
+		return failure
+	}
+
+	err := Retry(context.Background(), operation, &backoff.StopBackOff{}, nil)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, failure, "stop backoff must return the operation error")
+}
+
+func TestRetryCtxCancelDuringSleep(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	operation := func() error {
+		return errors.New("failing")
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+		cancel()
+	}()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	err := Retry(ctx, operation, backoff.NewConstantBackOff(time.Minute), netstate.New())
+
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "context cancellation must stop the retry loop")
+	assert.Less(t, time.Since(start), time.Second, "context cancellation must interrupt backoff sleep")
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go b/client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go
index bf79ecd79..cd1ed12f1 100644
--- a/client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go
+++ b/client/iface/bind/ice_bind.go
@@ -22,6 +22,16 @@ import (
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
+const (
+	// wgMsgTypeHandshakeInitiation is the lowest WireGuard message type.
+	wgMsgTypeHandshakeInitiation uint32 = 1
+	// wgMsgTypeTransport is the highest WireGuard message type.
+	wgMsgTypeTransport uint32 = 4
+	// wgMinMsgSize is the smallest WireGuard message: transport data with an empty
+	// payload, which is what a keepalive is.
+	wgMinMsgSize = 32
+)
+
 type receiverCreator struct {
 	iceBind *ICEBind
 }
@@ -41,17 +51,19 @@ type ICEBind struct {
 	*wgConn.StdNetBind
 
 	transportNet transport.Net
-	filterFn     udpmux.FilterFn
 	address      wgaddr.Address
 	mtu          uint16
 
 	endpoints   map[netip.Addr]net.Conn
 	endpointsMu sync.Mutex
 	recvChan    chan recvMessage
-	// every time when Close() is called (i.e. BindUpdate()) we need to close exit from the receiveRelayed and create a
-	// new closed channel. With the closedChanMu we can safely close the channel and create a new one
+	// Close() (i.e. BindUpdate()) closes closedChan to release receiveRelayed,
+	// and the following Open() installs a fresh one. closedChanMu guards both
+	// closedChan and closed: readers only ever hold it long enough to copy the
+	// channel, never across a blocking receive, so Open cannot be starved by a
+	// parked receiver.
 	closedChan       chan struct{}
-	closedChanMu     sync.RWMutex // protect the closeChan recreation from reading from it.
+	closedChanMu     sync.RWMutex
 	closed           bool
 	activityRecorder *ActivityRecorder
 
@@ -61,12 +73,11 @@ type ICEBind struct {
 	ipv6Conn *net.UDPConn
 }
 
-func NewICEBind(transportNet transport.Net, filterFn udpmux.FilterFn, address wgaddr.Address, mtu uint16) *ICEBind {
+func NewICEBind(transportNet transport.Net, address wgaddr.Address, mtu uint16) *ICEBind {
 	b, _ := wgConn.NewStdNetBind().(*wgConn.StdNetBind)
 	ib := &ICEBind{
 		StdNetBind:       b,
 		transportNet:     transportNet,
-		filterFn:         filterFn,
 		address:          address,
 		mtu:              mtu,
 		endpoints:        make(map[netip.Addr]net.Conn),
@@ -84,24 +95,41 @@ func NewICEBind(transportNet transport.Net, filterFn udpmux.FilterFn, address wg
 }
 
 func (s *ICEBind) Open(uport uint16) ([]wgConn.ReceiveFunc, uint16, error) {
-	s.closed = false
 	s.closedChanMu.Lock()
-	s.closedChan = make(chan struct{})
-	s.closedChanMu.Unlock()
+	defer s.closedChanMu.Unlock()
+
+	// Open the underlying bind before touching any state, so a failure leaves
+	// the current generation exactly as it was. Publishing the new generation
+	// first would strand it: StdNetBind rejects an Open while it is already
+	// open, and a Close arriving in that window would mark the bind closed
+	// while this call went on to install live sockets, after which every later
+	// Close returns early and never shuts them down.
 	fns, port, err := s.StdNetBind.Open(uport)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
+
+	// Release whoever is parked on the outgoing generation before replacing it.
+	// An Open that follows an Open rather than a Close would otherwise leave
+	// them waiting on a channel no later Close can reach.
+	if !s.closed {
+		close(s.closedChan)
+	}
+	s.closed = false
+	s.closedChan = make(chan struct{})
+
 	fns = append(fns, s.receiveRelayed)
 	return fns, port, nil
 }
 
 func (s *ICEBind) Close() error {
+	s.closedChanMu.Lock()
+	defer s.closedChanMu.Unlock()
+
 	if s.closed {
 		return nil
 	}
 	s.closed = true
-
 	close(s.closedChan)
 
 	s.muUDPMux.Lock()
@@ -113,6 +141,15 @@ func (s *ICEBind) Close() error {
 	return s.StdNetBind.Close()
 }
 
+// currentClosedChan copies the channel that signals the current Open
+// generation is closing. Callers select on the copy so the lock is never held
+// across a blocking receive, which would otherwise stall the next Open.
+func (s *ICEBind) currentClosedChan() chan struct{} {
+	s.closedChanMu.RLock()
+	defer s.closedChanMu.RUnlock()
+	return s.closedChan
+}
+
 func (s *ICEBind) ActivityRecorder() *ActivityRecorder {
 	return s.activityRecorder
 }
@@ -142,8 +179,10 @@ func (b *ICEBind) RemoveEndpoint(fakeIP netip.Addr) {
 }
 
 func (b *ICEBind) ReceiveFromEndpoint(ctx context.Context, ep *Endpoint, buf []byte) {
+	closedChan := b.currentClosedChan()
+
 	select {
-	case <-b.closedChan:
+	case <-closedChan:
 		return
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		return
@@ -218,8 +257,15 @@ func (s *ICEBind) createReceiverFn(pc wgConn.BatchReader, conn *net.UDPConn, rxO
 		for i := 0; i < numMsgs; i++ {
 			msg := &(*msgs)[i]
 
-			// todo: handle err
-			if ok, _ := s.filterOutStunMessages(msg.Buffers, msg.N, msg.Addr); ok {
+			if ok, err := s.filterOutStunMessages(msg.Buffers, msg.N, msg.Addr); ok {
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Debugf("failed to handle STUN packet from %s: %v", msg.Addr, err)
+				}
+				// WireGuard reuses sizes and eps across reads and only skips a slot
+				// whose size is below the minimum message size. Leaving a consumed
+				// slot untouched makes it process this buffer again under the
+				// previous packet's length and endpoint.
+				sizes[i] = 0
 				continue
 			}
 			sizes[i] = msg.N
@@ -265,7 +311,6 @@ func (s *ICEBind) createOrUpdateMux() {
 		udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxParams{
 			UDPConn:   muxConn,
 			Net:       s.transportNet,
-			FilterFn:  s.filterFn,
 			WGAddress: s.address,
 			MTU:       s.mtu,
 		},
@@ -274,11 +319,16 @@ func (s *ICEBind) createOrUpdateMux() {
 
 func (s *ICEBind) filterOutStunMessages(buffers [][]byte, n int, addr net.Addr) (bool, error) {
 	for i := range buffers {
-		if !stun.IsMessage(buffers[i]) {
+		if n > len(buffers[i]) {
+			continue
+		}
+		pkt := buffers[i][:n]
+
+		if isWireGuardMsg(pkt) || !stun.IsMessage(pkt) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		msg, err := s.parseSTUNMessage(buffers[i][:n])
+		msg, err := s.parseSTUNMessage(pkt)
 		if err != nil {
 			buffers[i] = []byte{}
 			return true, err
@@ -314,11 +364,10 @@ func (s *ICEBind) parseSTUNMessage(raw []byte) (*stun.Message, error) {
 // receiveRelayed is a receive function that is used to receive packets from the relayed connection and forward to the
 // WireGuard. Critical part is do not block if the Closed() has been called.
 func (c *ICEBind) receiveRelayed(buffs [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []wgConn.Endpoint) (int, error) {
-	c.closedChanMu.RLock()
-	defer c.closedChanMu.RUnlock()
+	closedChan := c.currentClosedChan()
 
 	select {
-	case <-c.closedChan:
+	case <-closedChan:
 		return 0, net.ErrClosed
 	case msg, ok := <-c.recvChan:
 		if !ok {
@@ -350,18 +399,34 @@ func putMessages(msgs *[]ipv6.Message, msgsPool *sync.Pool) {
 	msgsPool.Put(msgs)
 }
 
-func isTransportPkg(buffers [][]byte, n int) bool {
-	// The first buffer should contain at least 4 bytes for type
-	if len(buffers[0]) < 4 {
-		return true
+// isWireGuardMsg reports whether the packet carries a WireGuard message header: a
+// little-endian uint32 message type in the range 1..4, which leaves the three bytes
+// after the type byte zero, in a packet long enough to hold any WireGuard message.
+//
+// A well formed STUN message cannot take that shape. Its length field sits in the two
+// bytes the type must leave zero, and for a message of at least wgMinMsgSize bytes that
+// field holds at least 12, so the two framings do not overlap. The test has to be this
+// tight because stun.IsMessage only looks at the magic cookie, which in a WireGuard
+// message overlaps the receiver index: a session whose index happens to equal the cookie
+// would otherwise have all of its inbound data misrouted to the STUN handler until the
+// next rekey.
+func isWireGuardMsg(pkt []byte) bool {
+	if len(pkt) < wgMinMsgSize {
+		return false
 	}
 
-	// WireGuard packet type is a little-endian uint32 at start
-	packetType := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(buffers[0][:4])
+	msgType := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(pkt[:4])
+	return msgType >= wgMsgTypeHandshakeInitiation && msgType <= wgMsgTypeTransport
+}
 
-	// Check if packetType matches known WireGuard message types
-	if packetType == 4 && n > 32 {
-		return true
+// isTransportPkg reports whether the packet is WireGuard transport data carrying a
+// payload, which is what counts as peer activity. A keepalive holds no payload and is
+// exactly wgMinMsgSize bytes.
+func isTransportPkg(buffers [][]byte, n int) bool {
+	if n < 4 || n > len(buffers[0]) {
+		return false
 	}
-	return false
+
+	msgType := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(buffers[0][:4])
+	return msgType == wgMsgTypeTransport && n > wgMinMsgSize
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/ice_bind_close_test.go b/client/iface/bind/ice_bind_close_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..829d27663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/bind/ice_bind_close_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	wgConn "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+)
+
+// startReceivers runs every receive function the way wireguard-go's device
+// does: one goroutine per function, all tracked by a single WaitGroup. After
+// calling Bind.Close, closeBindLocked waits on exactly that WaitGroup while
+// holding device.net, so a receive function that never returns wedges the
+// device and every goroutine that needs the same lock.
+func startReceivers(fns []wgConn.ReceiveFunc) *sync.WaitGroup {
+	wg, _ := startReceiversEntered(fns)
+	return wg
+}
+
+// startReceiversEntered also returns a channel closed once every receive
+// function has been called at least once. A receive function that has been
+// entered is either inside its blocking receive or about to be, which is a
+// stronger signal to synchronise on than a bare sleep.
+func startReceiversEntered(fns []wgConn.ReceiveFunc) (*sync.WaitGroup, <-chan struct{}) {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	var entered sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(len(fns))
+	entered.Add(len(fns))
+
+	for i := range fns {
+		go func(fn wgConn.ReceiveFunc) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			buffs := [][]byte{make([]byte, 1500)}
+			sizes := make([]int, 1)
+			eps := make([]wgConn.Endpoint, 1)
+			first := true
+			for {
+				if first {
+					entered.Done()
+					first = false
+				}
+				if _, err := fn(buffs, sizes, eps); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}(fns[i])
+	}
+
+	allEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		entered.Wait()
+		close(allEntered)
+	}()
+	return &wg, allEntered
+}
+
+// closeBounded runs Close off the caller's goroutine so a regression that
+// wedges it fails the test instead of hanging teardown, and reports whether it
+// returned in time.
+func closeBounded(iceBind *ICEBind, timeout time.Duration) bool {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		_ = iceBind.Close()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return true
+	case <-time.After(timeout):
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// isClosed reports whether the bind's current generation channel is closed.
+func isClosed(iceBind *ICEBind) bool {
+	iceBind.closedChanMu.RLock()
+	ch := iceBind.closedChan
+	iceBind.closedChanMu.RUnlock()
+	select {
+	case <-ch:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// receiversStopped reports whether every receive function returned before the
+// timeout, mirroring device.net.stopping.Wait() inside closeBindLocked.
+func receiversStopped(wg *sync.WaitGroup, timeout time.Duration) bool {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return true
+	case <-time.After(timeout):
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// TestICEBindCloseReleasesReceivers covers the contract closeBindLocked relies
+// on: once Close returns, every receive function handed out by Open must stop.
+func TestICEBindCloseReleasesReceivers(t *testing.T) {
+	iceBind := setupICEBind(t)
+
+	fns, _, err := iceBind.Open(0)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "opening the bind must succeed")
+
+	wg := startReceivers(fns)
+	require.NoError(t, iceBind.Close())
+
+	require.True(t, receiversStopped(wg, 5*time.Second),
+		"every receive function must return once Close returns")
+}
+
+// TestICEBindOpenDoesNotBlockOnParkedReceiver reproduces the deadlock that
+// wedges interface creation.
+//
+// receiveRelayed used to hold closedChanMu for the whole of its blocking
+// select, so a parked receiver kept the read lock indefinitely. Open takes the
+// same mutex for writing to install a fresh closedChan, so it could never
+// acquire it while a receiver was parked. wireguard-go reaches Open from
+// Device.IpcSet and Device.Up with device.net held, so the stall takes the
+// device's lock with it and every other device goroutine queues behind it.
+//
+// Failing here means Open never returned.
+func TestICEBindOpenDoesNotBlockOnParkedReceiver(t *testing.T) {
+	iceBind := setupICEBind(t)
+
+	fns, _, err := iceBind.Open(0)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "the first Open must succeed")
+
+	wg, entered := startReceiversEntered(fns)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		// Both bounded: a regression that wedges Close must surface as the
+		// assertion below, not as a hung teardown.
+		if !closeBounded(iceBind, 5*time.Second) {
+			t.Error("Close did not return during teardown; the bind lifecycle is wedged even though the assertion above passed")
+		}
+		if !receiversStopped(wg, 5*time.Second) {
+			t.Error("receive functions were still running after teardown Close, which is what closeBindLocked blocks on")
+		}
+	})
+
+	select {
+	case <-entered:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("receive functions never started")
+	}
+	// Entered is not yet parked, so still allow the blocking receive to be
+	// reached. Parking takes microseconds; this margin is six orders larger.
+	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	reopened := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		// The error is irrelevant; StdNetBind rejects a second Open. What
+		// matters is that the call returns at all.
+		_, _, _ = iceBind.Open(0)
+		close(reopened)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-reopened:
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Open blocked while a receive function was parked; wireguard-go makes this call with device.net held, which is what stalls interface creation")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestICEBindConcurrentOpenClose exercises Open and Close from separate
+// goroutines, the way Device.IpcSet and Device.Up reach the bind, and is meant
+// to be run under -race.
+//
+// closed and closedChan must be updated together. When they were not, Close
+// could observe a stale closed and either skip close(closedChan) and
+// StdNetBind.Close entirely, leaving the receive functions running, or race a
+// second Close and close the same channel twice.
+//
+// Receive functions are deliberately not started here: this test is about the
+// shared state, and parking them would turn a race report into a hang.
+func TestICEBindConcurrentOpenClose(t *testing.T) {
+	iceBind := setupICEBind(t)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+
+	// Release both loops together so the calls genuinely interleave rather
+	// than depending on goroutine start order.
+	start := make(chan struct{})
+
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		<-start
+		for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
+			_, _, _ = iceBind.Open(0)
+		}
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		<-start
+		for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
+			_ = iceBind.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	close(start)
+	wg.Wait()
+	require.NoError(t, iceBind.Close())
+	require.True(t, isClosed(iceBind), "the final Close must leave the current generation channel closed")
+}
+
+// TestICEBindCloseReleasesReceiversUnderConcurrentClose runs full Open, receive,
+// Close cycles with a second Close and an Open racing the first Close. Any
+// iteration where the receive functions outlive Close, or where the surviving
+// generation channel is left open, is the state closeBindLocked deadlocks on.
+func TestICEBindCloseReleasesReceiversUnderConcurrentClose(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("stress test")
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
+		iceBind := setupICEBind(t)
+
+		fns, _, err := iceBind.Open(0)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "iteration %d: opening the bind must succeed", i)
+		wg := startReceivers(fns)
+
+		start := make(chan struct{})
+		var racers sync.WaitGroup
+		racers.Add(3)
+		for c := 0; c < 2; c++ {
+			go func() {
+				defer racers.Done()
+				<-start
+				_ = iceBind.Close()
+			}()
+		}
+		// An Open overlapping the Closes is what produces a generation whose
+		// channel outlives the flag saying the bind is closed.
+		go func() {
+			defer racers.Done()
+			<-start
+			_, _, _ = iceBind.Open(0)
+		}()
+		close(start)
+		racers.Wait()
+
+		// Settle on a closed bind whatever order the racers landed in.
+		_ = iceBind.Close()
+
+		if !receiversStopped(wg, 5*time.Second) {
+			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: receive functions still running after Close; closeBindLocked would block here on device.net.stopping.Wait", i)
+		}
+		if !isClosed(iceBind) {
+			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: Close returned with the current generation channel still open, so nothing will ever release its receivers", i)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/ice_bind_test.go b/client/iface/bind/ice_bind_test.go
index f49e68508..0b8db7640 100644
--- a/client/iface/bind/ice_bind_test.go
+++ b/client/iface/bind/ice_bind_test.go
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ func setupICEBind(t *testing.T) *ICEBind {
 		IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
 		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/10"),
 	}
-	return NewICEBind(transportNet, nil, address, 1280)
+	return NewICEBind(transportNet, address, 1280)
 }
 
 func createDualStackConns(t *testing.T) (*net.UDPConn, *net.UDPConn) {
diff --git a/client/iface/bind/stun_filter_test.go b/client/iface/bind/stun_filter_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e118e0fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/bind/stun_filter_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+//go:build !js
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pion/stun/v3"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/net/ipv4"
+	wgConn "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
+)
+
+// magicCookieBytes is the STUN magic cookie as it appears on the wire. In a
+// WireGuard message the same offset holds the receiver (or sender) index, which is
+// a random uint32, so a session can draw exactly this value.
+var magicCookieBytes = []byte{0x21, 0x12, 0xA4, 0x42}
+
+const testBufSize = 1500
+
+// wgMsg builds a WireGuard message of the given type and size, with the index field
+// at bytes 4:8 set to index.
+func wgMsg(msgType uint32, size int, index []byte) []byte {
+	pkt := make([]byte, size)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(pkt[:4], msgType)
+	copy(pkt[4:8], index)
+	return pkt
+}
+
+// intoBuffer copies pkt into a full-size receive buffer, the way the kernel read
+// does, so tests see the same buffer/length split as the hot path.
+func intoBuffer(pkt []byte) [][]byte {
+	buf := make([]byte, testBufSize)
+	copy(buf, pkt)
+	return [][]byte{buf}
+}
+
+func TestFilterOutStunMessages_PassesWireGuardWithCookieShapedIndex(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		msgType uint32
+		size    int
+	}{
+		{"transport data", wgMsgTypeTransport, 128},
+		{"keepalive", wgMsgTypeTransport, wgMinMsgSize},
+		{"handshake initiation", wgMsgTypeHandshakeInitiation, 148},
+		{"handshake response", 2, 92},
+		{"cookie reply", 3, 64},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			pkt := wgMsg(tc.msgType, tc.size, magicCookieBytes)
+			require.True(t, stun.IsMessage(pkt), "precondition: pion sees this as STUN")
+
+			buffers := intoBuffer(pkt)
+			bind := &ICEBind{}
+
+			filtered, err := bind.filterOutStunMessages(buffers, tc.size, &net.UDPAddr{})
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.False(t, filtered, "WireGuard message must be handed to WireGuard, not the STUN handler")
+			assert.Len(t, buffers[0], testBufSize, "buffer must be left intact for WireGuard")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFilterOutStunMessages_FiltersRealSTUNMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	msg, err := stun.Build(stun.BindingRequest, stun.TransactionID, stun.Fingerprint)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	buffers := intoBuffer(msg.Raw)
+	bind := &ICEBind{}
+
+	filtered, err := bind.filterOutStunMessages(buffers, len(msg.Raw), &net.UDPAddr{})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, filtered, "STUN message must be consumed by the STUN handler")
+	assert.Empty(t, buffers[0], "consumed buffer must be emptied so WireGuard does not see it")
+}
+
+// TestIsWireGuardMsg_DisjointFromSTUN locks the invariant the filter relies on: a
+// well formed STUN message long enough to be a WireGuard message always has a
+// non-zero length field, so it cannot be mistaken for a WireGuard header.
+func TestIsWireGuardMsg_DisjointFromSTUN(t *testing.T) {
+	types := []stun.MessageType{
+		stun.BindingRequest,
+		stun.BindingSuccess,
+		stun.BindingError,
+		{Method: stun.MethodBinding, Class: stun.ClassIndication},
+	}
+
+	for _, msgType := range types {
+		// Long enough that the length guard is not what makes this pass.
+		msg, err := stun.Build(msgType, stun.TransactionID,
+			stun.NewUsername("remoteUfrag:localUfrag"), stun.Fingerprint)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(msg.Raw), wgMinMsgSize, "precondition: %s", msgType)
+		assert.False(t, isWireGuardMsg(msg.Raw),
+			"%s must not look like a WireGuard message", msgType)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsWireGuardMsg(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		pkt  []byte
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"transport data", wgMsg(wgMsgTypeTransport, 128, nil), true},
+		{"handshake initiation", wgMsg(wgMsgTypeHandshakeInitiation, 148, nil), true},
+		{"unknown type 5", wgMsg(5, 128, nil), false},
+		{"type 0", wgMsg(0, 128, nil), false},
+		{"non-zero reserved byte", []byte{0x04, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00}, false},
+		{"too short", []byte{0x04, 0x00, 0x00}, false},
+		{"empty", nil, false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, isWireGuardMsg(tc.pkt), "wrong classification for %s", tc.name)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFilterOutStunMessages_IgnoresBytesBeyondPacket guards against classifying on
+// buffer contents left over from an earlier, longer packet.
+func TestFilterOutStunMessages_IgnoresBytesBeyondPacket(t *testing.T) {
+	buf := make([]byte, testBufSize)
+	copy(buf[4:8], magicCookieBytes)
+	buffers := [][]byte{buf}
+	bind := &ICEBind{}
+
+	filtered, err := bind.filterOutStunMessages(buffers, 2, &net.UDPAddr{})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, filtered, "a 2 byte packet must not be classified from stale buffer bytes")
+}
+
+// TestReceiveFn_ClearsSizeOfConsumedPacket covers the accounting WireGuard relies
+// on: sizes is reused across reads, so a slot whose packet was consumed as STUN must
+// be reported as empty. Otherwise WireGuard reprocesses the same buffer under the
+// previous packet's length, which for a WireGuard-shaped packet means it is handled
+// twice.
+func TestReceiveFn_ClearsSizeOfConsumedPacket(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := listenUDP(t, "udp4", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	recvFn := receiverCreator{setupICEBind(t)}.CreateReceiverFn(
+		ipv4.NewPacketConn(conn), conn, false, createMsgPool(),
+	)
+
+	msg, err := stun.Build(stun.BindingRequest, stun.TransactionID, stun.Fingerprint)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sender := listenUDP(t, "udp4", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	defer sender.Close()
+	_, err = sender.WriteTo(msg.Raw, conn.LocalAddr())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(3*time.Second)))
+
+	bufs := [][]byte{make([]byte, 1500)}
+	// A leftover size from an earlier read, which is what makes the missing reset
+	// observable.
+	sizes := []int{148}
+	eps := make([]wgConn.Endpoint, 1)
+
+	n, err := recvFn(bufs, sizes, eps)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, n)
+	assert.Zero(t, sizes[0], "consumed STUN packet must not leave a size behind for WireGuard")
+}
+
+func TestIsTransportPkg(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		pkt  []byte
+		n    int
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"transport data with payload", wgMsg(wgMsgTypeTransport, 128, nil), 128, true},
+		{"keepalive", wgMsg(wgMsgTypeTransport, wgMinMsgSize, nil), wgMinMsgSize, false},
+		{"handshake initiation", wgMsg(wgMsgTypeHandshakeInitiation, 148, nil), 148, false},
+		{"stale type bytes beyond packet", wgMsg(wgMsgTypeTransport, 128, nil), 2, false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, isTransportPkg(intoBuffer(tc.pkt), tc.n),
+				"wrong activity classification for %s", tc.name)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFilterOutStunMessages_ConsumesSTUNWithWireGuardShapedType covers the one STUN
+// encoding whose leading bytes collide with a WireGuard message type: method 0x080 as a
+// request encodes to 0x0200, so the type byte reads as a handshake response and the byte
+// after it is zero. Only the length check keeps such a message out of WireGuard's hands.
+// pion implements no method in that range, so this is a synthetic worst case rather than
+// traffic ICE produces.
+func TestFilterOutStunMessages_ConsumesSTUNWithWireGuardShapedType(t *testing.T) {
+	msg, err := stun.Build(stun.NewType(stun.Method(0x080), stun.ClassRequest), stun.TransactionID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, []byte{0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}, msg.Raw[:4],
+		"precondition: the leading bytes read as a WireGuard message type")
+
+	buffers := intoBuffer(msg.Raw)
+	bind := &ICEBind{}
+
+	filtered, err := bind.filterOutStunMessages(buffers, len(msg.Raw), &net.UDPAddr{})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, filtered, "STUN message must be consumed despite its WireGuard-shaped type")
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/configurer/kernel_unix.go b/client/iface/configurer/kernel_unix.go
index a29fe181a..da69c2a35 100644
--- a/client/iface/configurer/kernel_unix.go
+++ b/client/iface/configurer/kernel_unix.go
@@ -17,12 +17,15 @@ import (
 
 type KernelConfigurer struct {
 	deviceName string
+	statsCache *statsCache
 }
 
 func NewKernelConfigurer(deviceName string) *KernelConfigurer {
-	return &KernelConfigurer{
+	c := &KernelConfigurer{
 		deviceName: deviceName,
 	}
+	c.statsCache = newStatsCache(statsCacheTTL, c.fetchStats)
+	return c
 }
 
 func (c *KernelConfigurer) ConfigureInterface(privateKey string, port int) error {
@@ -246,12 +249,6 @@ func (c *KernelConfigurer) configure(config wgtypes.Config) error {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	// validate if device with name exists
-	_, err = wg.Device(c.deviceName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	return wg.ConfigureDevice(c.deviceName, config)
 }
 
@@ -300,6 +297,14 @@ func (c *KernelConfigurer) FullStats() (*Stats, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *KernelConfigurer) GetStats() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
+	return c.statsCache.get()
+}
+
+func (c *KernelConfigurer) LastActivities() map[string]monotime.Time {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *KernelConfigurer) fetchStats() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
 	stats := make(map[string]WGStats)
 	wg, err := wgctrl.New()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -326,7 +331,3 @@ func (c *KernelConfigurer) GetStats() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
 	}
 	return stats, nil
 }
-
-func (c *KernelConfigurer) LastActivities() map[string]monotime.Time {
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/client/iface/configurer/stats_cache.go b/client/iface/configurer/stats_cache.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71a4e88fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/configurer/stats_cache.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package configurer
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sync/singleflight"
+)
+
+const statsCacheTTL = 1 * time.Second
+
+type statsCache struct {
+	ttl   time.Duration
+	fetch func() (map[string]WGStats, error)
+
+	mu       sync.RWMutex
+	value    map[string]WGStats
+	expireAt time.Time
+
+	sf singleflight.Group
+}
+
+func newStatsCache(ttl time.Duration, fetch func() (map[string]WGStats, error)) *statsCache {
+	return &statsCache{ttl: ttl, fetch: fetch}
+}
+
+func (c *statsCache) get() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	if c.value != nil && time.Now().Before(c.expireAt) {
+		value := c.value
+		c.mu.RUnlock()
+		return value, nil
+	}
+	c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	value, err, _ := c.sf.Do("stats", func() (interface{}, error) {
+		res, err := c.fetch()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		c.mu.Lock()
+		c.value = res
+		c.expireAt = time.Now().Add(c.ttl)
+		c.mu.Unlock()
+		return res, nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return value.(map[string]WGStats), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/configurer/stats_cache_test.go b/client/iface/configurer/stats_cache_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcee5cd52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/configurer/stats_cache_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package configurer
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestStatsCache_CachesWithinTTL(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls atomic.Int64
+	c := newStatsCache(50*time.Millisecond, func() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
+		calls.Add(1)
+		return map[string]WGStats{"p": {}}, nil
+	})
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		_, err := c.get()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), calls.Load(), "within TTL only one underlying fetch")
+
+	time.Sleep(60 * time.Millisecond)
+	_, err := c.get()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(2), calls.Load(), "after TTL expiry a fresh fetch happens")
+}
+
+func TestStatsCache_SingleFlight(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls atomic.Int64
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	c := newStatsCache(time.Minute, func() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
+		calls.Add(1)
+		<-release
+		return map[string]WGStats{}, nil
+	})
+
+	const n = 50
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			_, _ = c.get()
+		}()
+	}
+	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(release)
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), calls.Load(), "concurrent misses collapse into one fetch")
+}
+
+func TestStatsCache_ErrorNotCached(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls atomic.Int64
+	wantErr := errors.New("dump failed")
+	c := newStatsCache(time.Minute, func() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
+		calls.Add(1)
+		return nil, wantErr
+	})
+
+	_, err := c.get()
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, wantErr)
+	_, err = c.get()
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, wantErr)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(2), calls.Load(), "errors are not cached; each call retries")
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/configurer/usp.go b/client/iface/configurer/usp.go
index e3a96590c..2be1b861e 100644
--- a/client/iface/configurer/usp.go
+++ b/client/iface/configurer/usp.go
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ type WGUSPConfigurer struct {
 	device           *device.Device
 	deviceName       string
 	activityRecorder *bind.ActivityRecorder
+	statsCache       *statsCache
 
 	uapiListener net.Listener
 }
@@ -50,16 +51,19 @@ func NewUSPConfigurer(device *device.Device, deviceName string, activityRecorder
 		deviceName:       deviceName,
 		activityRecorder: activityRecorder,
 	}
+	wgCfg.statsCache = newStatsCache(statsCacheTTL, wgCfg.fetchStats)
 	wgCfg.startUAPI()
 	return wgCfg
 }
 
 func NewUSPConfigurerNoUAPI(device *device.Device, deviceName string, activityRecorder *bind.ActivityRecorder) *WGUSPConfigurer {
-	return &WGUSPConfigurer{
+	wgCfg := &WGUSPConfigurer{
 		device:           device,
 		deviceName:       deviceName,
 		activityRecorder: activityRecorder,
 	}
+	wgCfg.statsCache = newStatsCache(statsCacheTTL, wgCfg.fetchStats)
+	return wgCfg
 }
 
 func (c *WGUSPConfigurer) ConfigureInterface(privateKey string, port int) error {
@@ -119,7 +123,7 @@ func (c *WGUSPConfigurer) UpdatePeer(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix,
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse endpoint address: %w", err)
 		}
-		addrPort := netip.AddrPortFrom(addr, uint16(endpoint.Port))
+		addrPort := netip.AddrPortFrom(addr.Unmap(), uint16(endpoint.Port))
 		c.activityRecorder.UpsertAddress(peerKey, addrPort)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -348,6 +352,10 @@ func (t *WGUSPConfigurer) Close() {
 }
 
 func (t *WGUSPConfigurer) GetStats() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
+	return t.statsCache.get()
+}
+
+func (t *WGUSPConfigurer) fetchStats() (map[string]WGStats, error) {
 	ipc, err := t.device.IpcGet()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ipc get: %w", err)
@@ -494,7 +502,7 @@ func toBytes(s string) (int64, error) {
 
 func getFwmark() int {
 	if nbnet.AdvancedRouting() && runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
-		return nbnet.ControlPlaneMark
+		return int(nbnet.ControlPlaneMark)
 	}
 	return 0
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/device/adapter.go b/client/iface/device/adapter.go
index 6ebc05390..e3caaf930 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/adapter.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/adapter.go
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package device
 
 // TunAdapter is an interface for create tun device from external service
 type TunAdapter interface {
-	ConfigureInterface(address string, mtu int, dns string, searchDomains string, routes string) (int, error)
+	ConfigureInterface(address string, addressV6 string, mtu int, dns string, searchDomains string, routes string) (int, error)
 	UpdateAddr(address string) error
 	ProtectSocket(fd int32) bool
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/device/device_android.go b/client/iface/device/device_android.go
index 198343fbd..0ed1299ae 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/device_android.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/device_android.go
@@ -63,7 +63,12 @@ func (t *WGTunDevice) Create(routes []string, dns string, searchDomains []string
 		searchDomainsToString = ""
 	}
 
-	fd, err := t.tunAdapter.ConfigureInterface(t.address.String(), int(t.mtu), dns, searchDomainsToString, routesString)
+	ipv6Host := ""
+	if t.address.HasIPv6() {
+		ipv6Host = t.address.IPv6HostPrefix().String()
+	}
+
+	fd, err := t.tunAdapter.ConfigureInterface(t.address.HostPrefix().String(), ipv6Host, int(t.mtu), dns, searchDomainsToString, routesString)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to create Android interface: %s", err)
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/client/iface/device/device_darwin.go b/client/iface/device/device_darwin.go
index acd5f6f11..ac8f8a51b 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/device_darwin.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/device_darwin.go
@@ -131,23 +131,32 @@ func (t *TunDevice) Device() *device.Device {
 
 // assignAddr Adds IP address to the tunnel interface and network route based on the range provided
 func (t *TunDevice) assignAddr() error {
-	cmd := exec.Command("ifconfig", t.name, "inet", t.address.IP.String(), t.address.IP.String())
-	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("adding address command '%v' failed with output: %s", cmd.String(), out)
-		return err
+	if out, err := exec.Command("ifconfig", t.name, "inet", t.address.IP.String(), t.address.IP.String()).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add v4 address: %s: %w", string(out), err)
 	}
 
-	// dummy ipv6 so routing works
-	cmd = exec.Command("ifconfig", t.name, "inet6", "fe80::/64")
-	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("adding address command '%v' failed with output: %s", cmd.String(), out)
+	// Assign a dummy link-local so macOS enables IPv6 on the tun device.
+	// When a real overlay v6 is present, use that instead.
+	v6Addr := "fe80::/64"
+	if t.address.HasIPv6() {
+		v6Addr = t.address.IPv6String()
+	}
+	if out, err := exec.Command("ifconfig", t.name, "inet6", v6Addr).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to assign IPv6 address %s, continuing v4-only: %s: %v", v6Addr, string(out), err)
+		t.address.ClearIPv6()
 	}
 
-	routeCmd := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", t.address.Network.String(), "-interface", t.name)
-	if out, err := routeCmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("adding route command '%v' failed with output: %s", routeCmd.String(), out)
-		return err
+	if out, err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", t.address.Network.String(), "-interface", t.name).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add route %s via %s: %s: %w", t.address.Network, t.name, string(out), err)
 	}
+
+	if t.address.HasIPv6() {
+		if out, err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-inet6", "-net", t.address.IPv6Net.String(), "-interface", t.name).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to add route %s via %s, continuing v4-only: %s: %v", t.address.IPv6Net, t.name, string(out), err)
+			t.address.ClearIPv6()
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/iface/device/device_filter.go b/client/iface/device/device_filter.go
index 4357d1916..7d7493835 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/device_filter.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/device_filter.go
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 package device
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"runtime/debug"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 )
 
@@ -28,13 +32,25 @@ type PacketFilter interface {
 	SetTCPPacketHook(ip netip.Addr, dPort uint16, hook func(packet []byte) bool)
 }
 
+// PacketCapture captures raw packets for debugging. Implementations must be
+// safe for concurrent use and must not block.
+type PacketCapture interface {
+	// Offer submits a packet for capture. outbound is true for packets
+	// leaving the host (Read path), false for packets arriving (Write path).
+	Offer(data []byte, outbound bool)
+}
+
 // FilteredDevice to override Read or Write of packets
 type FilteredDevice struct {
 	tun.Device
 
-	filter    PacketFilter
-	mutex     sync.RWMutex
-	closeOnce sync.Once
+	filter  PacketFilter
+	capture atomic.Pointer[PacketCapture]
+	// panicHandler is invoked after a panic in the underlying device is
+	// recovered in Read or Write.
+	panicHandler atomic.Pointer[func()]
+	mutex        sync.RWMutex
+	closeOnce    sync.Once
 }
 
 // newDeviceFilter constructor function
@@ -60,23 +76,28 @@ func (d *FilteredDevice) Close() error {
 
 // Read wraps read method with filtering feature
 func (d *FilteredDevice) Read(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (n int, err error) {
-	if n, err = d.Device.Read(bufs, sizes, offset); err != nil {
+	if n, err = d.deviceRead(bufs, sizes, offset); err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
+
 	d.mutex.RLock()
 	filter := d.filter
 	d.mutex.RUnlock()
 
-	if filter == nil {
-		return
+	if filter != nil {
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+			if filter.FilterOutbound(bufs[i][offset:offset+sizes[i]], sizes[i]) {
+				bufs = append(bufs[:i], bufs[i+1:]...)
+				sizes = append(sizes[:i], sizes[i+1:]...)
+				n--
+				i--
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
-	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
-		if filter.FilterOutbound(bufs[i][offset:offset+sizes[i]], sizes[i]) {
-			bufs = append(bufs[:i], bufs[i+1:]...)
-			sizes = append(sizes[:i], sizes[i+1:]...)
-			n--
-			i--
+	if pc := d.capture.Load(); pc != nil {
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+			(*pc).Offer(bufs[i][offset:offset+sizes[i]], true)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -85,26 +106,69 @@ func (d *FilteredDevice) Read(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (n int, er
 
 // Write wraps write method with filtering feature
 func (d *FilteredDevice) Write(bufs [][]byte, offset int) (int, error) {
+	// Capture before filtering so dropped packets are still visible in captures.
+	if pc := d.capture.Load(); pc != nil {
+		for _, buf := range bufs {
+			(*pc).Offer(buf[offset:], false)
+		}
+	}
+
 	d.mutex.RLock()
 	filter := d.filter
 	d.mutex.RUnlock()
 
 	if filter == nil {
-		return d.Device.Write(bufs, offset)
+		return d.deviceWrite(bufs, offset)
 	}
 
 	filteredBufs := make([][]byte, 0, len(bufs))
 	dropped := 0
 	for _, buf := range bufs {
-		if !filter.FilterInbound(buf[offset:], len(buf)) {
-			filteredBufs = append(filteredBufs, buf)
+		if filter.FilterInbound(buf[offset:], len(buf)) {
 			dropped++
+		} else {
+			filteredBufs = append(filteredBufs, buf)
 		}
 	}
 
-	n, err := d.Device.Write(filteredBufs, offset)
-	n += dropped
-	return n, err
+	n, err := d.deviceWrite(filteredBufs, offset)
+	if err != nil {
+		return n, err
+	}
+	return n + dropped, nil
+}
+
+// deviceRead calls the underlying device Read, recovering from panics in the
+// wintun read path and converting them into errors.
+func (d *FilteredDevice) deviceRead(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (n int, err error) {
+	defer d.recoverFromPanic("read", &n, &err)
+	return d.Device.Read(bufs, sizes, offset)
+}
+
+// deviceWrite calls the underlying device Write, recovering from panics in the
+// wintun write path and converting them into errors.
+func (d *FilteredDevice) deviceWrite(bufs [][]byte, offset int) (n int, err error) {
+	defer d.recoverFromPanic("write", &n, &err)
+	return d.Device.Write(bufs, offset)
+}
+
+// recoverFromPanic converts a panic in the underlying device into a regular
+// error and invokes the registered panic handler. The wintun read path is
+// known to panic on zero-length packets that third-party filter drivers can
+// place in the ring.
+func (d *FilteredDevice) recoverFromPanic(op string, n *int, err *error) {
+	r := recover()
+	if r == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Errorf("recovered panic in tun device %s: %v\n%s", op, r, debug.Stack())
+	*n = 0
+	*err = fmt.Errorf("tun device %s panic: %v", op, r)
+
+	if handler := d.panicHandler.Load(); handler != nil {
+		(*handler)()
+	}
 }
 
 // SetFilter sets packet filter to device
@@ -113,3 +177,25 @@ func (d *FilteredDevice) SetFilter(filter PacketFilter) {
 	d.filter = filter
 	d.mutex.Unlock()
 }
+
+// SetPanicHandler registers a handler invoked after a recovered panic in Read
+// or Write. The device is unusable after such a panic; the handler should
+// trigger recreation of the interface. Pass nil to remove.
+func (d *FilteredDevice) SetPanicHandler(handler func()) {
+	if handler == nil {
+		d.panicHandler.Store(nil)
+		return
+	}
+	d.panicHandler.Store(&handler)
+}
+
+// SetCapture sets or clears the packet capture sink. Pass nil to disable.
+// Uses atomic store so the hot path (Read/Write) is a single pointer load
+// with no locking overhead when capture is off.
+func (d *FilteredDevice) SetCapture(pc PacketCapture) {
+	if pc == nil {
+		d.capture.Store(nil)
+		return
+	}
+	d.capture.Store(&pc)
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/device/device_filter_test.go b/client/iface/device/device_filter_test.go
index eef783542..a75ef90f9 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/device_filter_test.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/device_filter_test.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ func TestDeviceWrapperRead(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 			return
 		}
-		if n != 0 {
+		if n != 1 {
 			t.Errorf("expected n=1, got %d", n)
 			return
 		}
@@ -221,3 +221,60 @@ func TestDeviceWrapperRead(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 }
+
+func TestDeviceWrapperReadPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	tun := mocks.NewMockDevice(ctrl)
+	tun.EXPECT().Read(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		DoAndReturn(func(bufs [][]byte, sizes []int, offset int) (int, error) {
+			// Reproduce the wintun zero-length packet panic (index out of range).
+			packet := make([]byte, 0)
+			return int(packet[0]), nil
+		})
+
+	wrapped := newDeviceFilter(tun)
+
+	handlerCalled := false
+	wrapped.SetPanicHandler(func() { handlerCalled = true })
+
+	n, err := wrapped.Read([][]byte{{}}, []int{0}, 0)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected error from recovered panic, got nil")
+	}
+	if n != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected n=0, got %d", n)
+	}
+	if !handlerCalled {
+		t.Errorf("expected panic handler to be called")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDeviceWrapperWritePanic(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	tun := mocks.NewMockDevice(ctrl)
+	tun.EXPECT().Write(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		DoAndReturn(func(bufs [][]byte, offset int) (int, error) {
+			packet := make([]byte, 0)
+			return int(packet[0]), nil
+		})
+
+	wrapped := newDeviceFilter(tun)
+
+	handlerCalled := false
+	wrapped.SetPanicHandler(func() { handlerCalled = true })
+
+	n, err := wrapped.Write([][]byte{{0x45, 0x00}}, 0)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected error from recovered panic, got nil")
+	}
+	if n != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected n=0, got %d", n)
+	}
+	if !handlerCalled {
+		t.Errorf("expected panic handler to be called")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/device/device_ios.go b/client/iface/device/device_ios.go
index aa77cee45..8368c8dce 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/device_ios.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/device_ios.go
@@ -151,8 +151,11 @@ func (t *TunDevice) MTU() uint16 {
 	return t.mtu
 }
 
-func (t *TunDevice) UpdateAddr(_ wgaddr.Address) error {
-	// todo implement
+// UpdateAddr updates the device address. On iOS the tunnel is managed by the
+// NetworkExtension, so we only store the new value. The extension picks up the
+// change on the next tunnel reconfiguration.
+func (t *TunDevice) UpdateAddr(addr wgaddr.Address) error {
+	t.address = addr
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/iface/device/device_kernel_unix.go b/client/iface/device/device_kernel_unix.go
index 2a836f846..3c429fb96 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/device_kernel_unix.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/device_kernel_unix.go
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ type TunKernelDevice struct {
 	link       *wgLink
 	udpMuxConn net.PacketConn
 	udpMux     *udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault
-
-	filterFn udpmux.FilterFn
 }
 
 func NewKernelDevice(name string, address wgaddr.Address, wgPort int, key string, mtu uint16, transportNet transport.Net) *TunKernelDevice {
@@ -104,7 +102,6 @@ func (t *TunKernelDevice) Up() (*udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error) {
 	bindParams := udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxParams{
 		UDPConn:   nbnet.WrapPacketConn(rawSock),
 		Net:       t.transportNet,
-		FilterFn:  t.filterFn,
 		WGAddress: t.address,
 		MTU:       t.mtu,
 	}
@@ -173,7 +170,7 @@ func (t *TunKernelDevice) FilteredDevice() *FilteredDevice {
 
 // assignAddr Adds IP address to the tunnel interface
 func (t *TunKernelDevice) assignAddr() error {
-	return t.link.assignAddr(t.address)
+	return t.link.assignAddr(&t.address)
 }
 
 func (t *TunKernelDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
diff --git a/client/iface/device/device_netstack.go b/client/iface/device/device_netstack.go
index 1a92b148f..b3bce3925 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/device_netstack.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/device_netstack.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package device
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
@@ -63,8 +64,12 @@ func (t *TunNetstackDevice) create() (WGConfigurer, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("last ip: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	log.Debugf("netstack using address: %s", t.address.IP)
-	t.nsTun = nbnetstack.NewNetStackTun(t.listenAddress, t.address.IP, dnsAddr, int(t.mtu))
+	addresses := []netip.Addr{t.address.IP}
+	if t.address.HasIPv6() {
+		addresses = append(addresses, t.address.IPv6)
+	}
+	log.Debugf("netstack using addresses: %v", addresses)
+	t.nsTun = nbnetstack.NewNetStackTun(t.listenAddress, addresses, dnsAddr, int(t.mtu))
 	log.Debugf("netstack using dns address: %s", dnsAddr)
 	tunIface, net, err := t.nsTun.Create()
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/client/iface/device/device_usp_unix.go b/client/iface/device/device_usp_unix.go
index 24654fc03..04c265c49 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/device_usp_unix.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/device_usp_unix.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 )
 
-type USPDevice struct {
+type TunDevice struct {
 	name    string
 	address wgaddr.Address
 	port    int
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ type USPDevice struct {
 	configurer     WGConfigurer
 }
 
-func NewUSPDevice(name string, address wgaddr.Address, port int, key string, mtu uint16, iceBind *bind.ICEBind) *USPDevice {
+func NewTunDevice(name string, address wgaddr.Address, port int, key string, mtu uint16, iceBind *bind.ICEBind) *TunDevice {
 	log.Infof("using userspace bind mode")
 
-	return &USPDevice{
+	return &TunDevice{
 		name:    name,
 		address: address,
 		port:    port,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func NewUSPDevice(name string, address wgaddr.Address, port int, key string, mtu
 	}
 }
 
-func (t *USPDevice) Create() (WGConfigurer, error) {
+func (t *TunDevice) Create() (WGConfigurer, error) {
 	log.Info("create tun interface")
 	tunIface, err := tun.CreateTUN(t.name, int(t.mtu))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func (t *USPDevice) Create() (WGConfigurer, error) {
 	return t.configurer, nil
 }
 
-func (t *USPDevice) Up() (*udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error) {
+func (t *TunDevice) Up() (*udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error) {
 	if t.device == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("device is not ready yet")
 	}
@@ -95,12 +95,12 @@ func (t *USPDevice) Up() (*udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error) {
 	return udpMux, nil
 }
 
-func (t *USPDevice) UpdateAddr(address wgaddr.Address) error {
+func (t *TunDevice) UpdateAddr(address wgaddr.Address) error {
 	t.address = address
 	return t.assignAddr()
 }
 
-func (t *USPDevice) Close() error {
+func (t *TunDevice) Close() error {
 	if t.configurer != nil {
 		t.configurer.Close()
 	}
@@ -115,39 +115,39 @@ func (t *USPDevice) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (t *USPDevice) WgAddress() wgaddr.Address {
+func (t *TunDevice) WgAddress() wgaddr.Address {
 	return t.address
 }
 
-func (t *USPDevice) MTU() uint16 {
+func (t *TunDevice) MTU() uint16 {
 	return t.mtu
 }
 
-func (t *USPDevice) DeviceName() string {
+func (t *TunDevice) DeviceName() string {
 	return t.name
 }
 
-func (t *USPDevice) FilteredDevice() *FilteredDevice {
+func (t *TunDevice) FilteredDevice() *FilteredDevice {
 	return t.filteredDevice
 }
 
 // Device returns the wireguard device
-func (t *USPDevice) Device() *device.Device {
+func (t *TunDevice) Device() *device.Device {
 	return t.device
 }
 
 // assignAddr Adds IP address to the tunnel interface
-func (t *USPDevice) assignAddr() error {
+func (t *TunDevice) assignAddr() error {
 	link := newWGLink(t.name)
 
-	return link.assignAddr(t.address)
+	return link.assignAddr(&t.address)
 }
 
-func (t *USPDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
+func (t *TunDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
 	return nil
 }
 
 // GetICEBind returns the ICEBind instance
-func (t *USPDevice) GetICEBind() EndpointManager {
+func (t *TunDevice) GetICEBind() EndpointManager {
 	return t.iceBind
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/device/device_windows.go b/client/iface/device/device_windows.go
index 96350df8a..f52392fa2 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/device_windows.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/device_windows.go
@@ -87,7 +87,21 @@ func (t *TunDevice) Create() (WGConfigurer, error) {
 	err = nbiface.Set()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.device.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("got error when getting setting the interface mtu: %s", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set IPv4 interface MTU: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if t.address.HasIPv6() {
+		nbiface6, err := luid.IPInterface(windows.AF_INET6)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to get IPv6 interface for MTU, continuing v4-only: %v", err)
+			t.address.ClearIPv6()
+		} else {
+			nbiface6.NLMTU = uint32(t.mtu)
+			if err := nbiface6.Set(); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("failed to set IPv6 interface MTU, continuing v4-only: %v", err)
+				t.address.ClearIPv6()
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	err = t.assignAddr()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -178,8 +192,21 @@ func (t *TunDevice) GetInterfaceGUIDString() (string, error) {
 // assignAddr Adds IP address to the tunnel interface and network route based on the range provided
 func (t *TunDevice) assignAddr() error {
 	luid := winipcfg.LUID(t.nativeTunDevice.LUID())
-	log.Debugf("adding address %s to interface: %s", t.address.IP, t.name)
-	return luid.SetIPAddresses([]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix(t.address.String())})
+
+	v4Prefix := t.address.Prefix()
+	if t.address.HasIPv6() {
+		v6Prefix := t.address.IPv6Prefix()
+		log.Debugf("adding addresses %s, %s to interface: %s", v4Prefix, v6Prefix, t.name)
+		if err := luid.SetIPAddresses([]netip.Prefix{v4Prefix, v6Prefix}); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to assign dual-stack addresses, retrying v4-only: %v", err)
+			t.address.ClearIPv6()
+			return luid.SetIPAddresses([]netip.Prefix{v4Prefix})
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("adding address %s to interface: %s", v4Prefix, t.name)
+	return luid.SetIPAddresses([]netip.Prefix{v4Prefix})
 }
 
 func (t *TunDevice) GetNet() *netstack.Net {
diff --git a/client/iface/device/kernel_module.go b/client/iface/device/kernel_module.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 1bdd6f7c6..000000000
--- a/client/iface/device/kernel_module.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-//go:build (!linux && !freebsd) || android
-
-package device
-
-// WireGuardModuleIsLoaded check if we can load WireGuard mod (linux only)
-func WireGuardModuleIsLoaded() bool {
-	return false
-}
diff --git a/client/iface/device/kernel_module_freebsd.go b/client/iface/device/kernel_module_freebsd.go
deleted file mode 100644
index dd6c8b408..000000000
--- a/client/iface/device/kernel_module_freebsd.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package device
-
-// WireGuardModuleIsLoaded check if kernel support wireguard
-func WireGuardModuleIsLoaded() bool {
-	// Despite the fact FreeBSD natively support Wireguard (https://github.com/WireGuard/wireguard-freebsd)
-	//  we are currently do not use it, since it is required to add wireguard kernel support to
-	//   - https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/tree/main/sharedsock
-	//   - https://github.com/mdlayher/socket
-	// TODO: implement kernel space
-	return false
-}
-
-// ModuleTunIsLoaded check if tun module exist, if is not attempt to load it
-func ModuleTunIsLoaded() bool {
-	// Assume tun supported by freebsd kernel by default
-	// TODO: implement check for module loaded in kernel or build-it
-	return true
-}
diff --git a/client/iface/device/kernel_module_nonlinux.go b/client/iface/device/kernel_module_nonlinux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58d97080b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/device/kernel_module_nonlinux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build !linux || android
+
+package device
+
+// WireGuardModuleIsLoaded reports whether the kernel WireGuard module is available.
+func WireGuardModuleIsLoaded() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+// ModuleTunIsLoaded reports whether the tun device is available.
+func ModuleTunIsLoaded() bool {
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/device/wg_link_freebsd.go b/client/iface/device/wg_link_freebsd.go
index 1b06e0e15..87df89183 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/wg_link_freebsd.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/wg_link_freebsd.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package device
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
@@ -57,32 +58,32 @@ func (l *wgLink) up() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (l *wgLink) assignAddr(address wgaddr.Address) error {
+func (l *wgLink) assignAddr(address *wgaddr.Address) error {
 	link, err := freebsd.LinkByName(l.name)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("link by name: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	ip := address.IP.String()
-
-	// Convert prefix length to hex netmask
 	prefixLen := address.Network.Bits()
-	if !address.IP.Is4() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("IPv6 not supported for interface assignment")
-	}
-
 	maskBits := uint32(0xffffffff) << (32 - prefixLen)
 	mask := fmt.Sprintf("0x%08x", maskBits)
 
-	log.Infof("assign addr %s mask %s to %s interface", ip, mask, l.name)
+	log.Infof("assign addr %s mask %s to %s interface", address.IP, mask, l.name)
 
-	err = link.AssignAddr(ip, mask)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := link.AssignAddr(address.IP.String(), mask); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("assign addr: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = link.Up()
-	if err != nil {
+	if address.HasIPv6() {
+		log.Infof("assign IPv6 addr %s to %s interface", address.IPv6String(), l.name)
+		cmd := exec.Command("ifconfig", l.name, "inet6", address.IPv6String())
+		if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to assign IPv6 address %s to %s, continuing v4-only: %s: %v", address.IPv6String(), l.name, string(out), err)
+			address.ClearIPv6()
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := link.Up(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("up: %w", err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/iface/device/wg_link_linux.go b/client/iface/device/wg_link_linux.go
index d941cd022..6a02cb356 100644
--- a/client/iface/device/wg_link_linux.go
+++ b/client/iface/device/wg_link_linux.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ package device
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ func (l *wgLink) up() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (l *wgLink) assignAddr(address wgaddr.Address) error {
+func (l *wgLink) assignAddr(address *wgaddr.Address) error {
 	//delete existing addresses
 	list, err := netlink.AddrList(l, 0)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -110,20 +112,16 @@ func (l *wgLink) assignAddr(address wgaddr.Address) error {
 	}
 
 	name := l.attrs.Name
-	addrStr := address.String()
 
-	log.Debugf("adding address %s to interface: %s", addrStr, name)
-
-	addr, err := netlink.ParseAddr(addrStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("parse addr: %w", err)
+	if err := l.addAddr(name, address.Prefix()); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	err = netlink.AddrAdd(l, addr)
-	if os.IsExist(err) {
-		log.Infof("interface %s already has the address: %s", name, addrStr)
-	} else if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add addr: %w", err)
+	if address.HasIPv6() {
+		if err := l.addAddr(name, address.IPv6Prefix()); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to assign IPv6 address %s to %s, continuing v4-only: %v", address.IPv6Prefix(), name, err)
+			address.ClearIPv6()
+		}
 	}
 
 	// On linux, the link must be brought up
@@ -133,3 +131,22 @@ func (l *wgLink) assignAddr(address wgaddr.Address) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (l *wgLink) addAddr(ifaceName string, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	log.Debugf("adding address %s to interface: %s", prefix, ifaceName)
+
+	addr := &netlink.Addr{
+		IPNet: &net.IPNet{
+			IP:   prefix.Addr().AsSlice(),
+			Mask: net.CIDRMask(prefix.Bits(), prefix.Addr().BitLen()),
+		},
+	}
+
+	if err := netlink.AddrAdd(l, addr); os.IsExist(err) {
+		log.Infof("interface %s already has the address: %s", ifaceName, prefix)
+	} else if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add addr %s: %w", prefix, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/iface.go b/client/iface/iface.go
index 655dd1682..247f421a2 100644
--- a/client/iface/iface.go
+++ b/client/iface/iface.go
@@ -57,13 +57,12 @@ type wgProxyFactory interface {
 
 type WGIFaceOpts struct {
 	IFaceName    string
-	Address      string
+	Address      wgaddr.Address
 	WGPort       int
 	WGPrivKey    string
 	MTU          uint16
 	MobileArgs   *device.MobileIFaceArguments
 	TransportNet transport.Net
-	FilterFn     udpmux.FilterFn
 	DisableDNS   bool
 }
 
@@ -141,16 +140,11 @@ func (w *WGIface) Up() (*udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error) {
 }
 
 // UpdateAddr updates address of the interface
-func (w *WGIface) UpdateAddr(newAddr string) error {
+func (w *WGIface) UpdateAddr(newAddr wgaddr.Address) error {
 	w.mu.Lock()
 	defer w.mu.Unlock()
 
-	addr, err := wgaddr.ParseWGAddress(newAddr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return w.tun.UpdateAddr(addr)
+	return w.tun.UpdateAddr(newAddr)
 }
 
 // UpdatePeer updates existing Wireguard Peer or creates a new one if doesn't exist
diff --git a/client/iface/iface_new_windows.go b/client/iface/iface_new.go
similarity index 50%
rename from client/iface/iface_new_windows.go
rename to client/iface/iface_new.go
index dfd9028e7..96a0e670f 100644
--- a/client/iface/iface_new_windows.go
+++ b/client/iface/iface_new.go
@@ -1,33 +1,28 @@
+//go:build !linux && !ios && !android && !js
+
 package iface
 
 import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bind"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
-	wgaddr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgproxy"
 )
 
 // NewWGIFace Creates a new WireGuard interface instance
 func NewWGIFace(opts WGIFaceOpts) (*WGIface, error) {
-	wgAddress, err := wgaddr.ParseWGAddress(opts.Address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.FilterFn, wgAddress, opts.MTU)
+	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.Address, opts.MTU)
 
 	var tun WGTunDevice
 	if netstack.IsEnabled() {
-		tun = device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, netstack.ListenAddr())
+		tun = device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, opts.Address, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, netstack.ListenAddr())
 	} else {
-		tun = device.NewTunDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind)
+		tun = device.NewTunDevice(opts.IFaceName, opts.Address, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind)
 	}
 
-	wgIFace := &WGIface{
+	return &WGIface{
 		userspaceBind:  true,
 		tun:            tun,
 		wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU),
-	}
-	return wgIFace, nil
-
+	}, nil
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/iface_new_android.go b/client/iface/iface_new_android.go
index 3b68f63f2..ce8b4da23 100644
--- a/client/iface/iface_new_android.go
+++ b/client/iface/iface_new_android.go
@@ -4,23 +4,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bind"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgproxy"
 )
 
 // NewWGIFace Creates a new WireGuard interface instance
 func NewWGIFace(opts WGIFaceOpts) (*WGIface, error) {
-	wgAddress, err := wgaddr.ParseWGAddress(opts.Address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.FilterFn, wgAddress, opts.MTU)
+	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.Address, opts.MTU)
 
 	if netstack.IsEnabled() {
 		wgIFace := &WGIface{
 			userspaceBind:  true,
-			tun:            device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, netstack.ListenAddr()),
+			tun:            device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, opts.Address, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, netstack.ListenAddr()),
 			wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU),
 		}
 		return wgIFace, nil
@@ -28,7 +22,7 @@ func NewWGIFace(opts WGIFaceOpts) (*WGIface, error) {
 
 	wgIFace := &WGIface{
 		userspaceBind:  true,
-		tun:            device.NewTunDevice(wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, opts.MobileArgs.TunAdapter, opts.DisableDNS),
+		tun:            device.NewTunDevice(opts.Address, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, opts.MobileArgs.TunAdapter, opts.DisableDNS),
 		wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU),
 	}
 	return wgIFace, nil
diff --git a/client/iface/iface_new_darwin.go b/client/iface/iface_new_darwin.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f21ec950..000000000
--- a/client/iface/iface_new_darwin.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !ios
-
-package iface
-
-import (
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bind"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgproxy"
-)
-
-// NewWGIFace Creates a new WireGuard interface instance
-func NewWGIFace(opts WGIFaceOpts) (*WGIface, error) {
-	wgAddress, err := wgaddr.ParseWGAddress(opts.Address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.FilterFn, wgAddress, opts.MTU)
-
-	var tun WGTunDevice
-	if netstack.IsEnabled() {
-		tun = device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, netstack.ListenAddr())
-	} else {
-		tun = device.NewTunDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind)
-	}
-
-	wgIFace := &WGIface{
-		userspaceBind:  true,
-		tun:            tun,
-		wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU),
-	}
-	return wgIFace, nil
-}
diff --git a/client/iface/iface_new_freebsd.go b/client/iface/iface_new_freebsd.go
deleted file mode 100644
index a342bd579..000000000
--- a/client/iface/iface_new_freebsd.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-//go:build freebsd
-
-package iface
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bind"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgproxy"
-)
-
-// NewWGIFace Creates a new WireGuard interface instance
-func NewWGIFace(opts WGIFaceOpts) (*WGIface, error) {
-	wgAddress, err := wgaddr.ParseWGAddress(opts.Address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	wgIFace := &WGIface{}
-
-	if netstack.IsEnabled() {
-		iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.FilterFn, wgAddress, opts.MTU)
-		wgIFace.tun = device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, netstack.ListenAddr())
-		wgIFace.userspaceBind = true
-		wgIFace.wgProxyFactory = wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU)
-		return wgIFace, nil
-	}
-
-	if device.ModuleTunIsLoaded() {
-		iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.FilterFn, wgAddress, opts.MTU)
-		wgIFace.tun = device.NewUSPDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind)
-		wgIFace.userspaceBind = true
-		wgIFace.wgProxyFactory = wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU)
-		return wgIFace, nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't check or load tun module")
-}
diff --git a/client/iface/iface_new_ios.go b/client/iface/iface_new_ios.go
index 5d6a32e39..cedd55ce2 100644
--- a/client/iface/iface_new_ios.go
+++ b/client/iface/iface_new_ios.go
@@ -5,21 +5,15 @@ package iface
 import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bind"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgproxy"
 )
 
 // NewWGIFace Creates a new WireGuard interface instance
 func NewWGIFace(opts WGIFaceOpts) (*WGIface, error) {
-	wgAddress, err := wgaddr.ParseWGAddress(opts.Address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.FilterFn, wgAddress, opts.MTU)
+	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.Address, opts.MTU)
 
 	wgIFace := &WGIface{
-		tun:            device.NewTunDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, opts.MobileArgs.TunFd),
+		tun:            device.NewTunDevice(opts.IFaceName, opts.Address, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, opts.MobileArgs.TunFd),
 		userspaceBind:  true,
 		wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU),
 	}
diff --git a/client/iface/iface_new_js.go b/client/iface/iface_new_js.go
index ad913ab04..9f7a3ba62 100644
--- a/client/iface/iface_new_js.go
+++ b/client/iface/iface_new_js.go
@@ -4,21 +4,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bind"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgproxy"
 )
 
 // NewWGIFace creates a new WireGuard interface for WASM (always uses netstack mode)
 func NewWGIFace(opts WGIFaceOpts) (*WGIface, error) {
-	wgAddress, err := wgaddr.ParseWGAddress(opts.Address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	relayBind := bind.NewRelayBindJS()
 
 	wgIface := &WGIface{
-		tun:            device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, relayBind, netstack.ListenAddr()),
+		tun:            device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, opts.Address, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, relayBind, netstack.ListenAddr()),
 		userspaceBind:  true,
 		wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(relayBind, opts.MTU),
 	}
diff --git a/client/iface/iface_new_linux.go b/client/iface/iface_new_linux.go
index d84035403..2465130e6 100644
--- a/client/iface/iface_new_linux.go
+++ b/client/iface/iface_new_linux.go
@@ -3,44 +3,40 @@
 package iface
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
+	"errors"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bind"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgproxy"
 )
 
 // NewWGIFace Creates a new WireGuard interface instance
 func NewWGIFace(opts WGIFaceOpts) (*WGIface, error) {
-	wgAddress, err := wgaddr.ParseWGAddress(opts.Address)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	wgIFace := &WGIface{}
-
 	if netstack.IsEnabled() {
-		iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.FilterFn, wgAddress, opts.MTU)
-		wgIFace.tun = device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, netstack.ListenAddr())
-		wgIFace.userspaceBind = true
-		wgIFace.wgProxyFactory = wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU)
-		return wgIFace, nil
+		iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.Address, opts.MTU)
+		return &WGIface{
+			tun:            device.NewNetstackDevice(opts.IFaceName, opts.Address, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind, netstack.ListenAddr()),
+			userspaceBind:  true,
+			wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU),
+		}, nil
 	}
 
 	if device.WireGuardModuleIsLoaded() {
-		wgIFace.tun = device.NewKernelDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, opts.TransportNet)
-		wgIFace.wgProxyFactory = wgproxy.NewKernelFactory(opts.WGPort, opts.MTU)
-		return wgIFace, nil
-	}
-	if device.ModuleTunIsLoaded() {
-		iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.FilterFn, wgAddress, opts.MTU)
-		wgIFace.tun = device.NewUSPDevice(opts.IFaceName, wgAddress, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind)
-		wgIFace.userspaceBind = true
-		wgIFace.wgProxyFactory = wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU)
-		return wgIFace, nil
+		return &WGIface{
+			tun:            device.NewKernelDevice(opts.IFaceName, opts.Address, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, opts.TransportNet),
+			wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewKernelFactory(opts.WGPort, opts.MTU),
+		}, nil
 	}
 
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't check or load tun module")
+	if device.ModuleTunIsLoaded() {
+		iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(opts.TransportNet, opts.Address, opts.MTU)
+		return &WGIface{
+			tun:            device.NewTunDevice(opts.IFaceName, opts.Address, opts.WGPort, opts.WGPrivKey, opts.MTU, iceBind),
+			userspaceBind:  true,
+			wgProxyFactory: wgproxy.NewUSPFactory(iceBind, opts.MTU),
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, errors.New("tun module not available")
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/iface_test.go b/client/iface/iface_test.go
index 6bbfeaa63..89c8cd16e 100644
--- a/client/iface/iface_test.go
+++ b/client/iface/iface_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package iface
 
 import (
@@ -16,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
 )
 
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ func TestWGIface_UpdateAddr(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    ifaceName,
-		Address:      addr,
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(addr),
 		WGPort:       wgPort,
 		WGPrivKey:    key,
 		MTU:          DefaultMTU,
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ func TestWGIface_UpdateAddr(t *testing.T) {
 
 	//update WireGuard address
 	addr = "100.64.0.2/8"
-	err = iface.UpdateAddr(addr)
+	err = iface.UpdateAddr(wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(addr))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ func Test_CreateInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	opts := WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    ifaceName,
-		Address:      wgIP,
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgIP),
 		WGPort:       33100,
 		WGPrivKey:    key,
 		MTU:          DefaultMTU,
@@ -174,7 +177,7 @@ func Test_Close(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    ifaceName,
-		Address:      wgIP,
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgIP),
 		WGPort:       wgPort,
 		WGPrivKey:    key,
 		MTU:          DefaultMTU,
@@ -219,7 +222,7 @@ func TestRecreation(t *testing.T) {
 
 			opts := WGIFaceOpts{
 				IFaceName:    ifaceName,
-				Address:      wgIP,
+				Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgIP),
 				WGPort:       wgPort,
 				WGPrivKey:    key,
 				MTU:          DefaultMTU,
@@ -291,7 +294,7 @@ func Test_ConfigureInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	opts := WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    ifaceName,
-		Address:      wgIP,
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgIP),
 		WGPort:       wgPort,
 		WGPrivKey:    key,
 		MTU:          DefaultMTU,
@@ -347,7 +350,7 @@ func Test_UpdatePeer(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    ifaceName,
-		Address:      wgIP,
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgIP),
 		WGPort:       33100,
 		WGPrivKey:    key,
 		MTU:          DefaultMTU,
@@ -417,7 +420,7 @@ func Test_RemovePeer(t *testing.T) {
 
 	opts := WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    ifaceName,
-		Address:      wgIP,
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgIP),
 		WGPort:       33100,
 		WGPrivKey:    key,
 		MTU:          DefaultMTU,
@@ -461,6 +464,8 @@ func Test_RemovePeer(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func Test_ConnectPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("NB_DISABLE_EBPF_WG_PROXY", "true")
+
 	peer1ifaceName := fmt.Sprintf("utun%d", WgIntNumber+400)
 	peer1wgIP := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.99.99.17/30")
 	peer1Key, _ := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
@@ -482,7 +487,7 @@ func Test_ConnectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 
 	optsPeer1 := WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    peer1ifaceName,
-		Address:      peer1wgIP.String(),
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(peer1wgIP.String()),
 		WGPort:       peer1wgPort,
 		WGPrivKey:    peer1Key.String(),
 		MTU:          DefaultMTU,
@@ -502,12 +507,8 @@ func Test_ConnectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	localIP, err := getLocalIP()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	peer1endpoint, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", localIP, peer1wgPort))
+	localIP1 := "127.0.0.1"
+	peer1endpoint, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", localIP1, peer1wgPort))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -522,7 +523,7 @@ func Test_ConnectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 
 	optsPeer2 := WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    peer2ifaceName,
-		Address:      peer2wgIP.String(),
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(peer2wgIP.String()),
 		WGPort:       peer2wgPort,
 		WGPrivKey:    peer2Key.String(),
 		MTU:          DefaultMTU,
@@ -543,7 +544,8 @@ func Test_ConnectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	peer2endpoint, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", localIP, peer2wgPort))
+	localIP2 := "127.0.0.1"
+	peer2endpoint, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", localIP2, peer2wgPort))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -566,17 +568,17 @@ func Test_ConnectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	// todo: investigate why in some tests execution we need 30s
+	// The peers use userspace WireGuard (stdnet transport). A tight busy-loop
+	// here starves the wireguard-go goroutines that process the handshake, so
+	// poll on a ticker instead and yield the CPU between checks. WireGuard also
+	// only retries a lost handshake initiation every REKEY_TIMEOUT (5s), which
+	// is why the overall wait can occasionally stretch to tens of seconds.
 	timeout := 30 * time.Second
 	timeoutChannel := time.After(timeout)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
 
 	for {
-		select {
-		case <-timeoutChannel:
-			t.Fatalf("waiting for peer handshake timeout after %s", timeout.String())
-		default:
-		}
-
 		peer, gpErr := getPeer(peer1ifaceName, peer2Key.PublicKey().String())
 		if gpErr != nil {
 			t.Fatal(gpErr)
@@ -585,6 +587,12 @@ func Test_ConnectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Log("peers successfully handshake")
 			break
 		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-timeoutChannel:
+			t.Fatalf("waiting for peer handshake timeout after %s", timeout.String())
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		}
 	}
 
 }
@@ -612,28 +620,3 @@ func getPeer(ifaceName, peerPubKey string) (wgtypes.Peer, error) {
 	}
 	return wgtypes.Peer{}, fmt.Errorf("peer not found")
 }
-
-func getLocalIP() (string, error) {
-	// Get all interfaces
-	addrs, err := net.InterfaceAddrs()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	for _, addr := range addrs {
-		ipNet, ok := addr.(*net.IPNet)
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		if ipNet.IP.IsLoopback() {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if ipNet.IP.To4() == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		return ipNet.IP.String(), nil
-	}
-
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("no local IP found")
-}
diff --git a/client/iface/mocks/filter.go b/client/iface/mocks/filter.go
index 5ae98039c..ff3dd0c8a 100644
--- a/client/iface/mocks/filter.go
+++ b/client/iface/mocks/filter.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	reflect "reflect"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 // MockPacketFilter is a mock of PacketFilter interface.
diff --git a/client/iface/mocks/tun.go b/client/iface/mocks/tun.go
index 677c82b0b..519ee6005 100644
--- a/client/iface/mocks/tun.go
+++ b/client/iface/mocks/tun.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	os "os"
 	reflect "reflect"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	tun "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
 )
 
diff --git a/client/iface/netstack/env.go b/client/iface/netstack/env.go
index dd8cf29a3..b069301c1 100644
--- a/client/iface/netstack/env.go
+++ b/client/iface/netstack/env.go
@@ -3,14 +3,31 @@
 package netstack
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-const EnvUseNetstackMode = "NB_USE_NETSTACK_MODE"
+const (
+	EnvUseNetstackMode = "NB_USE_NETSTACK_MODE"
+
+	// EnvSocks5ListenerPort overrides the port the SOCKS5 proxy listens on.
+	EnvSocks5ListenerPort = "NB_SOCKS5_LISTENER_PORT"
+
+	// EnvSocks5ListenerAddress overrides the host/IP the SOCKS5 proxy binds to.
+	// The proxy is a bridge for local host applications into the userspace
+	// WireGuard netstack, so it binds to loopback by default. Override this only
+	// when the proxy must be reachable from other hosts (e.g. a container
+	// gateway); doing so exposes an unauthenticated SOCKS5 proxy on that
+	// address.
+	EnvSocks5ListenerAddress = "NB_SOCKS5_LISTENER_ADDRESS"
+
+	// defaultSocks5Host is the loopback address the SOCKS5 proxy binds to unless
+	// overridden via EnvSocks5ListenerAddress.
+	defaultSocks5Host = "127.0.0.1"
+)
 
 // IsEnabled todo: move these function to cmd layer
 func IsEnabled() bool {
@@ -18,24 +35,40 @@ func IsEnabled() bool {
 }
 
 func ListenAddr() string {
-	sPort := os.Getenv("NB_SOCKS5_LISTENER_PORT")
+	return net.JoinHostPort(listenHost(), strconv.Itoa(listenPort()))
+}
+
+// listenHost returns the host/IP the SOCKS5 proxy binds to. It defaults to
+// loopback and only honors EnvSocks5ListenerAddress when it holds a valid IP.
+func listenHost() string {
+	addr := os.Getenv(EnvSocks5ListenerAddress)
+	if addr == "" {
+		return defaultSocks5Host
+	}
+	if net.ParseIP(addr) == nil {
+		log.Warnf("invalid socks5 listener address %q, falling back to default: %s", addr, defaultSocks5Host)
+		return defaultSocks5Host
+	}
+	return addr
+}
+
+// listenPort returns the port the SOCKS5 proxy binds to, defaulting to
+// DefaultSocks5Port when EnvSocks5ListenerPort is unset or invalid.
+func listenPort() int {
+	sPort := os.Getenv(EnvSocks5ListenerPort)
 	if sPort == "" {
-		return listenAddr(DefaultSocks5Port)
+		return DefaultSocks5Port
 	}
 
 	port, err := strconv.Atoi(sPort)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("invalid socks5 listener port, unable to convert it to int, falling back to default: %d", DefaultSocks5Port)
-		return listenAddr(DefaultSocks5Port)
+		return DefaultSocks5Port
 	}
 	if port < 1 || port > 65535 {
 		log.Warnf("invalid socks5 listener port, it should be in the range 1-65535, falling back to default: %d", DefaultSocks5Port)
-		return listenAddr(DefaultSocks5Port)
+		return DefaultSocks5Port
 	}
 
-	return listenAddr(port)
-}
-
-func listenAddr(port int) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("0.0.0.0:%d", port)
+	return port
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/netstack/env_test.go b/client/iface/netstack/env_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1083435a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/netstack/env_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//go:build !js
+
+package netstack
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestListenAddr_DefaultsToLoopback(t *testing.T) {
+	// No env overrides: must bind loopback, never all interfaces.
+	got := ListenAddr()
+	want := net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", strconv.Itoa(DefaultSocks5Port))
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("ListenAddr() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListenAddr_AddressOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		env  string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{name: "valid override honored", env: "0.0.0.0", want: "0.0.0.0"},
+		{name: "valid specific ip honored", env: "10.0.0.5", want: "10.0.0.5"},
+		{name: "ipv6 loopback bracketed", env: "::1", want: "::1"},
+		{name: "invalid falls back to loopback", env: "not-an-ip", want: "127.0.0.1"},
+		{name: "empty falls back to loopback", env: "", want: "127.0.0.1"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(EnvSocks5ListenerAddress, tc.env)
+			want := net.JoinHostPort(tc.want, strconv.Itoa(DefaultSocks5Port))
+			if got := ListenAddr(); got != want {
+				t.Fatalf("ListenAddr() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListenAddr_PortOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		env  string
+		want int
+	}{
+		{name: "valid port honored", env: "1081", want: 1081},
+		{name: "non-numeric falls back", env: "abc", want: DefaultSocks5Port},
+		{name: "out of range falls back", env: "70000", want: DefaultSocks5Port},
+		{name: "zero falls back", env: "0", want: DefaultSocks5Port},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(EnvSocks5ListenerPort, tc.env)
+			want := net.JoinHostPort("127.0.0.1", strconv.Itoa(tc.want))
+			if got := ListenAddr(); got != want {
+				t.Fatalf("ListenAddr() = %q, want %q", got, want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/netstack/tun.go b/client/iface/netstack/tun.go
index 346ae29ec..8c7526bbb 100644
--- a/client/iface/netstack/tun.go
+++ b/client/iface/netstack/tun.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 const EnvSkipProxy = "NB_NETSTACK_SKIP_PROXY"
 
 type NetStackTun struct { //nolint:revive
-	address       netip.Addr
+	addresses     []netip.Addr
 	dnsAddress    netip.Addr
 	mtu           int
 	listenAddress string
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ type NetStackTun struct { //nolint:revive
 	tundev tun.Device
 }
 
-func NewNetStackTun(listenAddress string, address netip.Addr, dnsAddress netip.Addr, mtu int) *NetStackTun {
+func NewNetStackTun(listenAddress string, addresses []netip.Addr, dnsAddress netip.Addr, mtu int) *NetStackTun {
 	return &NetStackTun{
-		address:       address,
+		addresses:     addresses,
 		dnsAddress:    dnsAddress,
 		mtu:           mtu,
 		listenAddress: listenAddress,
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func NewNetStackTun(listenAddress string, address netip.Addr, dnsAddress netip.A
 
 func (t *NetStackTun) Create() (tun.Device, *netstack.Net, error) {
 	nsTunDev, tunNet, err := netstack.CreateNetTUN(
-		[]netip.Addr{t.address},
+		t.addresses,
 		[]netip.Addr{t.dnsAddress},
 		t.mtu)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/client/iface/udpmux/universal.go b/client/iface/udpmux/universal.go
index 89a7eefb9..77e1b1b35 100644
--- a/client/iface/udpmux/universal.go
+++ b/client/iface/udpmux/universal.go
@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -22,10 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 )
 
-// FilterFn is a function that filters out candidates based on the address.
-// If it returns true, the address is to be filtered. It also returns the prefix of matching route.
-type FilterFn func(address netip.Addr) (bool, netip.Prefix, error)
-
 // UniversalUDPMuxDefault handles STUN and TURN servers packets by wrapping the original UDPConn
 // It then passes packets to the UDPMux that does the actual connection muxing.
 type UniversalUDPMuxDefault struct {
@@ -43,7 +37,6 @@ type UniversalUDPMuxParams struct {
 	UDPConn               net.PacketConn
 	XORMappedAddrCacheTTL time.Duration
 	Net                   transport.Net
-	FilterFn              FilterFn
 	WGAddress             wgaddr.Address
 	MTU                   uint16
 }
@@ -68,7 +61,6 @@ func NewUniversalUDPMuxDefault(params UniversalUDPMuxParams) *UniversalUDPMuxDef
 		PacketConn: params.UDPConn,
 		mux:        m,
 		logger:     params.Logger,
-		filterFn:   params.FilterFn,
 		address:    params.WGAddress,
 	}
 
@@ -115,15 +107,12 @@ func (m *UniversalUDPMuxDefault) ReadFromConn(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
-// UDPConn is a wrapper around UDPMux conn that overrides ReadFrom and handles STUN/TURN packets
+// UDPConn is a wrapper around UDPMux conn that overrides WriteTo to drop packets destined for the overlay subnet.
 type UDPConn struct {
 	net.PacketConn
-	mux      *UniversalUDPMuxDefault
-	logger   logging.LeveledLogger
-	filterFn FilterFn
-	// TODO: reset cache on route changes
-	addrCache sync.Map
-	address   wgaddr.Address
+	mux     *UniversalUDPMuxDefault
+	logger  logging.LeveledLogger
+	address wgaddr.Address
 }
 
 // GetPacketConn returns the underlying PacketConn
@@ -132,65 +121,16 @@ func (u *UDPConn) GetPacketConn() net.PacketConn {
 }
 
 func (u *UDPConn) WriteTo(b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
-	if u.filterFn == nil {
+	udpAddr, ok := addr.(*net.UDPAddr)
+	if !ok {
 		return u.PacketConn.WriteTo(b, addr)
 	}
-
-	if isRouted, found := u.addrCache.Load(addr.String()); found {
-		return u.handleCachedAddress(isRouted.(bool), b, addr)
-	}
-
-	return u.handleUncachedAddress(b, addr)
-}
-
-func (u *UDPConn) handleCachedAddress(isRouted bool, b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
-	if isRouted {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("address %s is part of a routed network, refusing to write", addr)
-	}
-	return u.PacketConn.WriteTo(b, addr)
-}
-
-func (u *UDPConn) handleUncachedAddress(b []byte, addr net.Addr) (int, error) {
-	if err := u.performFilterCheck(addr); err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return u.PacketConn.WriteTo(b, addr)
-}
-
-func (u *UDPConn) performFilterCheck(addr net.Addr) error {
-	host, err := getHostFromAddr(addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to get host from address %s: %v", addr, err)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	a, err := netip.ParseAddr(host)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to parse address %s: %v", addr, err)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if u.address.Network.Contains(a) {
+	dst := udpAddr.AddrPort().Addr().Unmap()
+	if (u.address.Network.IsValid() && u.address.Network.Contains(dst)) || (u.address.IPv6Net.IsValid() && u.address.IPv6Net.Contains(dst)) {
 		log.Warnf("address %s is part of the NetBird network %s, refusing to write", addr, u.address)
-		return fmt.Errorf("address %s is part of the NetBird network %s, refusing to write", addr, u.address)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("address %s is part of the NetBird network %s, refusing to write", addr, u.address)
 	}
-
-	if isRouted, prefix, err := u.filterFn(a); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to check if address %s is routed: %v", addr, err)
-	} else {
-		u.addrCache.Store(addr.String(), isRouted)
-		if isRouted {
-			// Extra log, as the error only shows up with ICE logging enabled
-			log.Infof("address %s is part of routed network %s, refusing to write", addr, prefix)
-			return fmt.Errorf("address %s is part of routed network %s, refusing to write", addr, prefix)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func getHostFromAddr(addr net.Addr) (string, error) {
-	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr.String())
-	return host, err
+	return u.PacketConn.WriteTo(b, addr)
 }
 
 // GetSharedConn returns the shared udp conn
@@ -225,6 +165,13 @@ func (m *UniversalUDPMuxDefault) HandleSTUNMessage(msg *stun.Message, addr net.A
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	src := udpAddr.AddrPort().Addr().Unmap()
+	wg := m.params.WGAddress
+	if (wg.Network.IsValid() && wg.Network.Contains(src)) || (wg.IPv6Net.IsValid() && wg.IPv6Net.Contains(src)) {
+		log.Debugf("dropping STUN message from overlay source %s", udpAddr)
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	if m.isXORMappedResponse(msg, udpAddr.String()) {
 		err := m.handleXORMappedResponse(udpAddr, msg)
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/client/iface/wgaddr/address.go b/client/iface/wgaddr/address.go
index 078f8be95..148e724f4 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgaddr/address.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgaddr/address.go
@@ -3,12 +3,18 @@ package wgaddr
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
 )
 
 // Address WireGuard parsed address
 type Address struct {
 	IP      netip.Addr
 	Network netip.Prefix
+
+	// IPv6 overlay address, if assigned.
+	IPv6    netip.Addr
+	IPv6Net netip.Prefix
 }
 
 // ParseWGAddress parse a string ("1.2.3.4/24") address to WG Address
@@ -23,6 +29,73 @@ func ParseWGAddress(address string) (Address, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// HasIPv6 reports whether a v6 overlay address is assigned.
+func (addr Address) HasIPv6() bool {
+	return addr.IPv6.IsValid()
+}
+
 func (addr Address) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", addr.IP.String(), addr.Network.Bits())
+	return addr.Prefix().String()
+}
+
+// IPv6String returns the v6 address in CIDR notation, or empty string if none.
+func (addr Address) IPv6String() string {
+	if !addr.HasIPv6() {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return addr.IPv6Prefix().String()
+}
+
+// Prefix returns the v4 host address with its network prefix length (e.g. 100.64.0.1/16).
+func (addr Address) Prefix() netip.Prefix {
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr.IP, addr.Network.Bits())
+}
+
+// IPv6Prefix returns the v6 host address with its network prefix length, or a zero prefix if none.
+func (addr Address) IPv6Prefix() netip.Prefix {
+	if !addr.HasIPv6() {
+		return netip.Prefix{}
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr.IPv6, addr.IPv6Net.Bits())
+}
+
+// HostPrefix returns the v4 address as a single-host prefix.
+func (addr Address) HostPrefix() netip.Prefix {
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr.IP, addr.IP.BitLen())
+}
+
+// IPv6HostPrefix returns the v6 address as a single-host prefix, or an invalid prefix when no v6 overlay address is assigned.
+func (addr Address) IPv6HostPrefix() netip.Prefix {
+	if !addr.HasIPv6() {
+		return netip.Prefix{}
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr.IPv6, addr.IPv6.BitLen())
+}
+
+// SetIPv6FromCompact decodes a compact prefix (5 or 17 bytes) and sets the IPv6 fields.
+// Returns an error if the bytes are invalid. A nil or empty input is a no-op.
+//
+//nolint:recvcheck
+func (addr *Address) SetIPv6FromCompact(raw []byte) error {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	prefix, err := netiputil.DecodePrefix(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("decode v6 overlay address: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected IPv6 address, got %s", prefix.Addr())
+	}
+	addr.IPv6 = prefix.Addr()
+	addr.IPv6Net = prefix.Masked()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ClearIPv6 removes the IPv6 overlay address, leaving only v4.
+//
+//nolint:recvcheck
+func (addr *Address) ClearIPv6() {
+	addr.IPv6 = netip.Addr{}
+	addr.IPv6Net = netip.Prefix{}
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/wgaddr/address_test.go b/client/iface/wgaddr/address_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61478b24c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/wgaddr/address_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package wgaddr
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestAddress_HostPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("100.91.96.107/32"), addr.HostPrefix(), "v4 host prefix must be a single host")
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("100.91.0.0/16"), addr.Network, "network must keep the overlay prefix length")
+	assert.False(t, addr.IPv6HostPrefix().IsValid(), "no v6 overlay means no v6 host prefix")
+}
+
+func TestAddress_IPv6HostPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")
+	addr.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1")
+	addr.IPv6Net = netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234::/64")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234::1/128"), addr.IPv6HostPrefix(), "v6 host prefix must be a single host")
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/wgaddr/address_test_helpers.go b/client/iface/wgaddr/address_test_helpers.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87403e789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/wgaddr/address_test_helpers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package wgaddr
+
+// MustParseWGAddress parses and returns a WG Address, panicking on error.
+func MustParseWGAddress(address string) Address {
+	a, err := ParseWGAddress(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return a
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/bind/proxy.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/bind/proxy.go
index 9ac3ea6df..fcaee15c7 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/bind/proxy.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/bind/proxy.go
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"strings"
+
 	"sync"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -53,15 +53,15 @@ func NewProxyBind(bind Bind, mtu uint16) *ProxyBind {
 	return p
 }
 
-// AddTurnConn adds a new connection to the bind.
+// AddRelayedConn adds a new connection to the bind.
 // endpoint is the NetBird address of the remote peer. The SetEndpoint return with the address what will be used in the
 // WireGuard configuration.
 //
 // Parameters:
 //   - ctx: Context is used for proxyToLocal to avoid unnecessary error messages
 //   - nbAddr: The NetBird UDP address of the remote peer, it required to generate fake address
-//   - remoteConn: The established TURN connection to the remote peer
-func (p *ProxyBind) AddTurnConn(ctx context.Context, nbAddr *net.UDPAddr, remoteConn net.Conn) error {
+//   - remoteConn: The established relayed connection to the remote peer
+func (p *ProxyBind) AddRelayedConn(ctx context.Context, nbAddr *net.UDPAddr, remoteConn net.Conn) error {
 	fakeNetIP, err := fakeAddress(nbAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -136,6 +136,11 @@ func (p *ProxyBind) CloseConn() error {
 	return p.close()
 }
 
+// InjectPacket is a no-op for the userspace proxy: first-packet reinjection is kernel-only.
+func (p *ProxyBind) InjectPacket(_ []byte) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (p *ProxyBind) close() error {
 	if p.remoteConn == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -196,18 +201,25 @@ func (p *ProxyBind) proxyToLocal(ctx context.Context) {
 	}
 }
 
-// fakeAddress returns a fake address that is used to as an identifier for the peer.
-// The fake address is in the format of 127.1.x.x where x.x is the last two octets of the peer address.
+// fakeAddress returns a fake address that is used as an identifier for the peer.
+// The fake address is in the format of 127.1.x.x where x.x is derived from the
+// last two bytes of the peer address (works for both IPv4 and IPv6).
 func fakeAddress(peerAddress *net.UDPAddr) (*netip.AddrPort, error) {
-	octets := strings.Split(peerAddress.IP.String(), ".")
-	if len(octets) != 4 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP format")
+	if peerAddress == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nil peer address")
+	}
+	if peerAddress.Port < 0 || peerAddress.Port > 65535 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid UDP port: %d", peerAddress.Port)
 	}
 
-	fakeIP, err := netip.ParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("127.1.%s.%s", octets[2], octets[3]))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse new IP: %w", err)
+	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(peerAddress.IP)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP format")
 	}
+	addr = addr.Unmap()
+
+	raw := addr.As16()
+	fakeIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 1, raw[14], raw[15]})
 
 	netipAddr := netip.AddrPortFrom(fakeIP, uint16(peerAddress.Port))
 	return &netipAddr, nil
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/proxy.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/proxy.go
index 1b1a8ce1c..91c741c0d 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/proxy.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/proxy.go
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ type WGEBPFProxy struct {
 	proxyPort         int
 	mtu               uint16
 
-	ebpfManager   ebpfMgr.Manager
-	turnConnStore map[uint16]net.Conn
-	turnConnMutex sync.Mutex
+	ebpfManager      ebpfMgr.Manager
+	relayedConnStore map[uint16]net.Conn
+	relayedConnMutex sync.Mutex
 
 	lastUsedPort uint16
 	rawConnIPv4  net.PacketConn
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort int, mtu uint16) *WGEBPFProxy {
 		localWGListenPort: wgPort,
 		mtu:               mtu,
 		ebpfManager:       ebpf.GetEbpfManagerInstance(),
-		turnConnStore:     make(map[uint16]net.Conn),
+		relayedConnStore:  make(map[uint16]net.Conn),
 	}
 	return wgProxy
 }
@@ -110,14 +110,14 @@ func (p *WGEBPFProxy) Listen() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// AddTurnConn add new turn connection for the proxy
-func (p *WGEBPFProxy) AddTurnConn(turnConn net.Conn) (*net.UDPAddr, error) {
-	wgEndpointPort, err := p.storeTurnConn(turnConn)
+// AddRelayedConn add new relayed connection for the proxy
+func (p *WGEBPFProxy) AddRelayedConn(relayedConn net.Conn) (*net.UDPAddr, error) {
+	wgEndpointPort, err := p.storeRelayedConn(relayedConn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("turn conn added to wg proxy store: %s, endpoint port: :%d", turnConn.RemoteAddr(), wgEndpointPort)
+	log.Infof("relayed conn added to wg proxy store: %s, endpoint port: :%d", relayedConn.RemoteAddr(), wgEndpointPort)
 
 	wgEndpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
 		IP:   net.ParseIP(loopbackAddr),
@@ -186,48 +186,48 @@ func (p *WGEBPFProxy) readAndForwardPacket(buf []byte) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read UDP packet from WG: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	p.turnConnMutex.Lock()
-	conn, ok := p.turnConnStore[uint16(addr.Port)]
-	p.turnConnMutex.Unlock()
+	p.relayedConnMutex.Lock()
+	conn, ok := p.relayedConnStore[uint16(addr.Port)]
+	p.relayedConnMutex.Unlock()
 	if !ok {
 		if p.ctx.Err() == nil {
-			log.Debugf("turn conn not found by port because conn already has been closed: %d", addr.Port)
+			log.Debugf("relayed conn not found by port because conn already has been closed: %d", addr.Port)
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	if _, err := conn.Write(buf[:n]); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to forward local WG packet (%d) to remote turn conn: %w", addr.Port, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("forward local WG packet (%d) to remote relayed conn: %w", addr.Port, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (p *WGEBPFProxy) storeTurnConn(turnConn net.Conn) (uint16, error) {
-	p.turnConnMutex.Lock()
-	defer p.turnConnMutex.Unlock()
+func (p *WGEBPFProxy) storeRelayedConn(relayedConn net.Conn) (uint16, error) {
+	p.relayedConnMutex.Lock()
+	defer p.relayedConnMutex.Unlock()
 
 	np, err := p.nextFreePort()
 	if err != nil {
 		return np, err
 	}
-	p.turnConnStore[np] = turnConn
+	p.relayedConnStore[np] = relayedConn
 	return np, nil
 }
 
-func (p *WGEBPFProxy) removeTurnConn(turnConnID uint16) {
-	p.turnConnMutex.Lock()
-	defer p.turnConnMutex.Unlock()
+func (p *WGEBPFProxy) removeRelayedConn(relayedConnID uint16) {
+	p.relayedConnMutex.Lock()
+	defer p.relayedConnMutex.Unlock()
 
-	_, ok := p.turnConnStore[turnConnID]
+	_, ok := p.relayedConnStore[relayedConnID]
 	if ok {
-		log.Debugf("remove turn conn from store by port: %d", turnConnID)
+		log.Debugf("remove relayed conn from store by port: %d", relayedConnID)
 	}
-	delete(p.turnConnStore, turnConnID)
+	delete(p.relayedConnStore, relayedConnID)
 }
 
 func (p *WGEBPFProxy) nextFreePort() (uint16, error) {
-	if len(p.turnConnStore) == 65535 {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("reached maximum turn connection numbers")
+	if len(p.relayedConnStore) == 65535 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("reached maximum relayed connection numbers")
 	}
 generatePort:
 	if p.lastUsedPort == 65535 {
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ generatePort:
 		p.lastUsedPort++
 	}
 
-	if _, ok := p.turnConnStore[p.lastUsedPort]; ok {
+	if _, ok := p.relayedConnStore[p.lastUsedPort]; ok {
 		goto generatePort
 	}
 	return p.lastUsedPort, nil
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/proxy_test.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/proxy_test.go
index 3ec4f0eba..228c06c9b 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/proxy_test.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/proxy_test.go
@@ -9,32 +9,32 @@ import (
 func TestWGEBPFProxy_connStore(t *testing.T) {
 	wgProxy := NewWGEBPFProxy(1, 1280)
 
-	p, _ := wgProxy.storeTurnConn(nil)
+	p, _ := wgProxy.storeRelayedConn(nil)
 	if p != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("invalid initial port: %d", wgProxy.lastUsedPort)
 	}
 
 	numOfConns := 10
 	for i := 0; i < numOfConns; i++ {
-		p, _ = wgProxy.storeTurnConn(nil)
+		p, _ = wgProxy.storeRelayedConn(nil)
 	}
 	if p != uint16(numOfConns)+1 {
 		t.Errorf("invalid last used port: %d, expected: %d", p, numOfConns+1)
 	}
-	if len(wgProxy.turnConnStore) != numOfConns+1 {
-		t.Errorf("invalid store size: %d, expected: %d", len(wgProxy.turnConnStore), numOfConns+1)
+	if len(wgProxy.relayedConnStore) != numOfConns+1 {
+		t.Errorf("invalid store size: %d, expected: %d", len(wgProxy.relayedConnStore), numOfConns+1)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestWGEBPFProxy_portCalculation_overflow(t *testing.T) {
 	wgProxy := NewWGEBPFProxy(1, 1280)
 
-	_, _ = wgProxy.storeTurnConn(nil)
+	_, _ = wgProxy.storeRelayedConn(nil)
 	wgProxy.lastUsedPort = 65535
-	p, _ := wgProxy.storeTurnConn(nil)
+	p, _ := wgProxy.storeRelayedConn(nil)
 
-	if len(wgProxy.turnConnStore) != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("invalid store size: %d, expected: %d", len(wgProxy.turnConnStore), 2)
+	if len(wgProxy.relayedConnStore) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("invalid store size: %d, expected: %d", len(wgProxy.relayedConnStore), 2)
 	}
 
 	if p != 2 {
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ func TestWGEBPFProxy_portCalculation_maxConn(t *testing.T) {
 	wgProxy := NewWGEBPFProxy(1, 1280)
 
 	for i := 0; i < 65535; i++ {
-		_, _ = wgProxy.storeTurnConn(nil)
+		_, _ = wgProxy.storeRelayedConn(nil)
 	}
 
-	_, err := wgProxy.storeTurnConn(nil)
+	_, err := wgProxy.storeRelayedConn(nil)
 	if err == nil {
-		t.Errorf("invalid turn conn store calculation")
+		t.Errorf("invalid relayed conn store calculation")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/wrapper.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/wrapper.go
index 6e80945c4..f75e21aa6 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/wrapper.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/ebpf/wrapper.go
@@ -121,10 +121,10 @@ func NewProxyWrapper(proxy *WGEBPFProxy) *ProxyWrapper {
 	}
 }
 
-func (p *ProxyWrapper) AddTurnConn(ctx context.Context, _ *net.UDPAddr, remoteConn net.Conn) error {
-	addr, err := p.wgeBPFProxy.AddTurnConn(remoteConn)
+func (p *ProxyWrapper) AddRelayedConn(ctx context.Context, _ *net.UDPAddr, remoteConn net.Conn) error {
+	addr, err := p.wgeBPFProxy.AddRelayedConn(remoteConn)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add turn conn: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("add relayed conn: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	headers, err := NewPacketHeaders(p.wgeBPFProxy.localWGListenPort, addr)
@@ -219,6 +219,17 @@ func (p *ProxyWrapper) RedirectAs(endpoint *net.UDPAddr) {
 	p.pausedCond.L.Unlock()
 }
 
+// InjectPacket writes b to the remote peer over the underlying transport.
+func (p *ProxyWrapper) InjectPacket(b []byte) error {
+	if p.remoteConn == nil {
+		return errors.New("proxy not started")
+	}
+	if _, err := p.remoteConn.Write(b); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // CloseConn close the remoteConn and automatically remove the conn instance from the map
 func (p *ProxyWrapper) CloseConn() error {
 	if p.cancel == nil {
@@ -241,7 +252,7 @@ func (p *ProxyWrapper) CloseConn() error {
 }
 
 func (p *ProxyWrapper) proxyToLocal(ctx context.Context) {
-	defer p.wgeBPFProxy.removeTurnConn(uint16(p.wgRelayedEndpointAddr.Port))
+	defer p.wgeBPFProxy.removeRelayedConn(uint16(p.wgRelayedEndpointAddr.Port))
 
 	buf := make([]byte, p.wgeBPFProxy.mtu+bufsize.WGBufferOverhead)
 	for {
@@ -262,7 +273,7 @@ func (p *ProxyWrapper) proxyToLocal(ctx context.Context) {
 			if ctx.Err() != nil {
 				return
 			}
-			log.Errorf("failed to write out turn pkg to local conn: %v", err)
+			log.Errorf("failed to write out relayed pkg to local conn: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -275,7 +286,7 @@ func (p *ProxyWrapper) readFromRemote(ctx context.Context, buf []byte) (int, err
 		}
 		p.closeListener.Notify()
 		if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-			log.Errorf("failed to read from turn conn (endpoint: :%d): %s", p.wgRelayedEndpointAddr.Port, err)
+			log.Errorf("failed to read from relayed conn (endpoint: :%d): %s", p.wgRelayedEndpointAddr.Port, err)
 		}
 		return 0, err
 	}
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy.go
index 3c8dfd30e..b0033bffa 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 // Proxy is a transfer layer between the relayed connection and the WireGuard
 type Proxy interface {
-	AddTurnConn(ctx context.Context, endpoint *net.UDPAddr, remoteConn net.Conn) error
+	AddRelayedConn(ctx context.Context, endpoint *net.UDPAddr, remoteConn net.Conn) error
 	EndpointAddr() *net.UDPAddr // EndpointAddr returns the address of the WireGuard peer endpoint
 	Work()                      // Work start or resume the proxy
 	Pause()                     // Pause to forward the packages from remote connection to WireGuard. The opposite way still works.
@@ -18,4 +18,9 @@ type Proxy interface {
 	RedirectAs(endpoint *net.UDPAddr)
 	CloseConn() error
 	SetDisconnectListener(disconnected func())
+
+	// InjectPacket writes a raw packet directly to the remote peer over the underlying transport,
+	// bypassing WireGuard. Used to replay the captured lazyconn handshake initiation. Only the
+	// kernel-mode proxies act on it; the userspace proxy is a no-op since reinjection is kernel-only.
+	InjectPacket(b []byte) error
 }
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_linux_test.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_linux_test.go
index dd24d1cdc..e34dd3b6b 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_linux_test.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_linux_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build linux && !android
+//go:build linux && !android && privileged
 
 package wgproxy
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func seedProxyForProxyCloseByRemoteConn() ([]proxyInstance, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(nil, nil, wgAddress, 1280)
+	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(nil, wgAddress, 1280)
 	endpointAddress := &net.UDPAddr{
 		IP:   net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 1),
 		Port: 1234,
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_seed_test.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_seed_test.go
index ad375ccde..4fb9ed77a 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_seed_test.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_seed_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !linux
+//go:build !linux || !privileged
 
 package wgproxy
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func seedProxyForProxyCloseByRemoteConn() ([]proxyInstance, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(nil, nil, wgAddress, 1280)
+	iceBind := bind.NewICEBind(nil, wgAddress, 1280)
 	endpointAddress := &net.UDPAddr{
 		IP:   net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 1),
 		Port: 1234,
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_test.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_test.go
index 1aeab66b7..d86cdbe80 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_test.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/proxy_test.go
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func TestProxyCloseByRemoteConn(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			addr, _ := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "100.108.135.221:51892")
 			relayedConn := newMockConn()
-			err := tt.proxy.AddTurnConn(ctx, addr, relayedConn)
+			err := tt.proxy.AddRelayedConn(ctx, addr, relayedConn)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Errorf("error: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func redirectTraffic(t *testing.T, proxy Proxy, wgPort int, endPointAddr *net.UD
 		_ = relayedServer.Close()
 	}()
 
-	if err := proxy.AddTurnConn(context.Background(), endPointAddr, relayedConn); err != nil {
+	if err := proxy.AddRelayedConn(context.Background(), endPointAddr, relayedConn); err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("error: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer func() {
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/rawsocket/rawsocket.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/rawsocket/rawsocket.go
index bc785b43a..37aaa160f 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/rawsocket/rawsocket.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/rawsocket/rawsocket.go
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ import (
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-
-	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
 // PrepareSenderRawSocketIPv4 creates and configures a raw socket for sending IPv4 packets
@@ -60,14 +58,12 @@ func prepareSenderRawSocket(family int, isIPv4 bool) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("binding to lo interface failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Set the fwmark on the socket.
-	err = nbnet.SetSocketOpt(fd)
-	if err != nil {
-		if closeErr := syscall.Close(fd); closeErr != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to close raw socket fd: %v", closeErr)
-		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("setting fwmark failed: %w", err)
-	}
+	// The socket is bound to lo and only ever sends to the local WireGuard
+	// instance, a destination the local routing table resolves without help, so
+	// it carries no fwmark. Staying unmarked also keeps these packets out of
+	// third-party NAT rules that match on marks: such a rule rewriting the
+	// source would make WireGuard adopt the rewritten address as the peer
+	// endpoint.
 
 	// Convert the file descriptor to a PacketConn.
 	file := os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), fmt.Sprintf("fd %d", fd))
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/rawsocket/rawsocket_privileged_test.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/rawsocket/rawsocket_privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03748c6f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/rawsocket/rawsocket_privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+//go:build linux && !android && privileged
+
+package rawsocket
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+)
+
+// The sender sockets must stay unmarked: a NAT rule matching on fwmark that
+// rewrites the source of an injected packet makes WireGuard adopt the rewritten
+// address as the peer endpoint.
+func TestSenderRawSocketsCarryNoFwmark(t *testing.T) {
+	// the mark is only ever applied when advanced routing is available, so
+	// without it the assertion below would hold for the wrong reason
+	nbnet.Init()
+	if !nbnet.AdvancedRouting() {
+		t.Skip("advanced routing unsupported, the sockets carry no mark either way")
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		prepare func() (net.PacketConn, error)
+		// the proxy treats the IPv6 socket as optional, so a host without IPv6
+		// is a reason to skip rather than to fail
+		optional bool
+	}{
+		{name: "IPv4", prepare: PrepareSenderRawSocketIPv4},
+		{name: "IPv6", prepare: PrepareSenderRawSocketIPv6, optional: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			conn, err := tc.prepare()
+			if err != nil {
+				if tc.optional {
+					t.Skipf("prepare raw socket: %v", err)
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("prepare raw socket: %v", err)
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+					t.Logf("close raw socket: %v", err)
+				}
+			}()
+
+			syscallConn, ok := conn.(syscall.Conn)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("raw socket %T does not expose a syscall conn", conn)
+			}
+			raw, err := syscallConn.SyscallConn()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("syscall conn: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			var mark int
+			var markErr error
+			if err := raw.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+				mark, markErr = unix.GetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_MARK)
+			}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("control: %v", err)
+			}
+			if markErr != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("get SO_MARK: %v", markErr)
+			}
+
+			if mark != 0 {
+				t.Errorf("SO_MARK = %#x, want 0", mark)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/redirect_test.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/redirect_test.go
index b52eead25..f0d59cc64 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/redirect_test.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/redirect_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build linux && !android
+//go:build linux && !android && privileged
 
 package wgproxy
 
@@ -26,64 +26,6 @@ func compareUDPAddr(addr1, addr2 net.Addr) bool {
 	return udpAddr1.IP.Equal(udpAddr2.IP) && udpAddr1.Port == udpAddr2.Port
 }
 
-// TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv4 tests RedirectAs with eBPF proxy using IPv4 addresses
-func TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
-	wgPort := 51850
-	ebpfProxy := ebpf.NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort, 1280)
-	if err := ebpfProxy.Listen(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize ebpf proxy: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := ebpfProxy.Free(); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("failed to free ebpf proxy: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	proxy := ebpf.NewProxyWrapper(ebpfProxy)
-
-	// NetBird UDP address of the remote peer
-	nbAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.108.111.177"),
-		Port: 38746,
-	}
-
-	p2pEndpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("192.168.0.56"),
-		Port: 51820,
-	}
-
-	testRedirectAs(t, proxy, wgPort, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint)
-}
-
-// TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv6 tests RedirectAs with eBPF proxy using IPv6 addresses
-func TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
-	wgPort := 51851
-	ebpfProxy := ebpf.NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort, 1280)
-	if err := ebpfProxy.Listen(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize ebpf proxy: %v", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := ebpfProxy.Free(); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("failed to free ebpf proxy: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	proxy := ebpf.NewProxyWrapper(ebpfProxy)
-
-	// NetBird UDP address of the remote peer
-	nbAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.108.111.177"),
-		Port: 38746,
-	}
-
-	p2pEndpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("fe80::56"),
-		Port: 51820,
-	}
-
-	testRedirectAs(t, proxy, wgPort, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint)
-}
-
 // TestRedirectAs_UDP_IPv4 tests RedirectAs with UDP proxy using IPv4 addresses
 func TestRedirectAs_UDP_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
 	wgPort := 51852
@@ -177,9 +119,9 @@ func testRedirectAs(t *testing.T, proxy Proxy, wgPort int, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint *
 	}
 	defer relayConn.Close()
 
-	// Add TURN connection to proxy
-	if err := proxy.AddTurnConn(ctx, nbAddr, relayConn); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to add TURN connection: %v", err)
+	// Add relayed connection to proxy
+	if err := proxy.AddRelayedConn(ctx, nbAddr, relayConn); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to add relayed connection: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := proxy.CloseConn(); err != nil {
@@ -256,6 +198,64 @@ func testRedirectAs(t *testing.T, proxy Proxy, wgPort int, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint *
 	}
 }
 
+// TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv4 tests RedirectAs with eBPF proxy using IPv4 addresses
+func TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
+	wgPort := 51850
+	ebpfProxy := ebpf.NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort, 1280)
+	if err := ebpfProxy.Listen(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize ebpf proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := ebpfProxy.Free(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to free ebpf proxy: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	proxy := ebpf.NewProxyWrapper(ebpfProxy)
+
+	// NetBird UDP address of the remote peer
+	nbAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.108.111.177"),
+		Port: 38746,
+	}
+
+	p2pEndpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("192.168.0.56"),
+		Port: 51820,
+	}
+
+	testRedirectAs(t, proxy, wgPort, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint)
+}
+
+// TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv6 tests RedirectAs with eBPF proxy using IPv6 addresses
+func TestRedirectAs_eBPF_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	wgPort := 51851
+	ebpfProxy := ebpf.NewWGEBPFProxy(wgPort, 1280)
+	if err := ebpfProxy.Listen(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to initialize ebpf proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := ebpfProxy.Free(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("failed to free ebpf proxy: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	proxy := ebpf.NewProxyWrapper(ebpfProxy)
+
+	// NetBird UDP address of the remote peer
+	nbAddr := &net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.108.111.177"),
+		Port: 38746,
+	}
+
+	p2pEndpoint := &net.UDPAddr{
+		IP:   net.ParseIP("fe80::56"),
+		Port: 51820,
+	}
+
+	testRedirectAs(t, proxy, wgPort, nbAddr, p2pEndpoint)
+}
+
 // TestRedirectAs_Multiple_Switches tests switching between multiple endpoints
 func TestRedirectAs_Multiple_Switches(t *testing.T) {
 	wgPort := 51856
@@ -304,8 +304,8 @@ func TestRedirectAs_Multiple_Switches(t *testing.T) {
 		Port: 38746,
 	}
 
-	if err := proxy.AddTurnConn(ctx, nbAddr, relayConn); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to add TURN connection: %v", err)
+	if err := proxy.AddRelayedConn(ctx, nbAddr, relayConn); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to add relayed connection: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if err := proxy.CloseConn(); err != nil {
diff --git a/client/iface/wgproxy/udp/proxy.go b/client/iface/wgproxy/udp/proxy.go
index 6069d1960..a0895c8c7 100644
--- a/client/iface/wgproxy/udp/proxy.go
+++ b/client/iface/wgproxy/udp/proxy.go
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ func NewWGUDPProxy(wgPort int, mtu uint16) *WGUDPProxy {
 	return p
 }
 
-// AddTurnConn
+// AddRelayedConn dials the local WireGuard port and stores the relayed connection.
 // The provided Context must be non-nil. If the context expires before
 // the connection is complete, an error is returned. Once successfully
 // connected, any expiration of the context will not affect the
 // connection.
-func (p *WGUDPProxy) AddTurnConn(ctx context.Context, _ *net.UDPAddr, remoteConn net.Conn) error {
+func (p *WGUDPProxy) AddRelayedConn(ctx context.Context, _ *net.UDPAddr, remoteConn net.Conn) error {
 	dialer := net.Dialer{}
 	localConn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "udp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", p.localWGListenPort))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -147,6 +147,17 @@ func (p *WGUDPProxy) RedirectAs(endpoint *net.UDPAddr) {
 	p.sendPkg = p.srcFakerConn.SendPkg
 }
 
+// InjectPacket writes b to the remote peer over the underlying transport.
+func (p *WGUDPProxy) InjectPacket(b []byte) error {
+	if p.remoteConn == nil {
+		return errors.New("proxy not started")
+	}
+	if _, err := p.remoteConn.Write(b); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // CloseConn close the localConn
 func (p *WGUDPProxy) CloseConn() error {
 	if p.cancel == nil {
diff --git a/client/installer.nsis b/client/installer.nsis
index 96d60a785..eb2d7d5bd 100644
--- a/client/installer.nsis
+++ b/client/installer.nsis
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 !define DESCRIPTION "Connect your devices into a secure WireGuard-based overlay network with SSO, MFA, and granular access controls."
 !define INSTALLER_NAME "netbird-installer.exe"
 !define MAIN_APP_EXE "Netbird"
-!define ICON "ui\\assets\\netbird.ico"
+!define ICON "ui\\build\\windows\\icon.ico"
 !define BANNER "ui\\build\\banner.bmp"
 !define LICENSE_DATA "..\\LICENSE"
 
@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@
 !define UI_REG_APP_PATH "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths\${UI_APP_EXE}"
 !define UI_UNINSTALL_PATH "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\${UI_APP_NAME}"
 
-!define AUTOSTART_REG_KEY "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run"
-
 !define NETBIRD_DATA_DIR "$COMMONPROGRAMDATA\Netbird"
 
 Unicode True
@@ -79,8 +77,6 @@ ShowInstDetails Show
 
 !insertmacro MUI_PAGE_DIRECTORY
 
-Page custom AutostartPage AutostartPageLeave
-
 !insertmacro MUI_PAGE_INSTFILES
 
 !insertmacro MUI_PAGE_FINISH
@@ -97,40 +93,12 @@ UninstPage custom un.DeleteDataPage un.DeleteDataPageLeave
 
 !insertmacro MUI_LANGUAGE "English"
 
-; Variables for autostart option
-Var AutostartCheckbox
-Var AutostartEnabled
-
 ; Variables for uninstall data deletion option
 Var DeleteDataCheckbox
 Var DeleteDataEnabled
 
 ######################################################################
 
-; Function to create the autostart options page
-Function AutostartPage
-  !insertmacro MUI_HEADER_TEXT "Startup Options" "Configure how ${APP_NAME} launches with Windows."
-
-  nsDialogs::Create 1018
-  Pop $0
-
-  ${If} $0 == error
-    Abort
-  ${EndIf}
-
-  ${NSD_CreateCheckbox} 0 20u 100% 10u "Start ${APP_NAME} UI automatically when Windows starts"
-  Pop $AutostartCheckbox
-  ${NSD_Check} $AutostartCheckbox
-  StrCpy $AutostartEnabled "1"
-
-  nsDialogs::Show
-FunctionEnd
-
-; Function to handle leaving the autostart page
-Function AutostartPageLeave
-  ${NSD_GetState} $AutostartCheckbox $AutostartEnabled
-FunctionEnd
-
 ; Function to create the uninstall data deletion page
 Function un.DeleteDataPage
   !insertmacro MUI_HEADER_TEXT "Uninstall Options" "Choose whether to delete ${APP_NAME} data."
@@ -201,7 +169,16 @@ Pop $0
 
 Function .onInit
 StrCpy $INSTDIR "${INSTALL_DIR}"
+
+; Pre-0.70.1 installers ran without SetRegView, so their uninstall keys live
+; in the 32-bit view. Fall back to it so upgrades still find them.
+SetRegView 64
 ReadRegStr $R0 HKLM "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\$(^NAME)" "UninstallString"
+${If} $R0 == ""
+    SetRegView 32
+    ReadRegStr $R0 HKLM "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\$(^NAME)" "UninstallString"
+    SetRegView 64
+${EndIf}
 ${If} $R0 != ""
     # if silent install jump to uninstall step
     IfSilent uninstall
@@ -214,6 +191,10 @@ ${If} $R0 != ""
 
 ${EndIf}
 FunctionEnd
+
+Function un.onInit
+SetRegView 64
+FunctionEnd
 ######################################################################
 Section -MainProgram
     ${INSTALL_TYPE}
@@ -228,6 +209,7 @@ Section -MainProgram
     !else
         File /r "..\\dist\\netbird_windows_amd64\\"
     !endif
+    File "..\\client\\ui\\assets\\netbird.png"
 SectionEnd
 ######################################################################
 
@@ -244,16 +226,6 @@ WriteRegStr ${REG_ROOT} "${UNINSTALL_PATH}"  "Publisher" "${COMP_NAME}"
 
 WriteRegStr ${REG_ROOT} "${UI_REG_APP_PATH}" "" "$INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}"
 
-; Create autostart registry entry based on checkbox
-DetailPrint "Autostart enabled: $AutostartEnabled"
-${If} $AutostartEnabled == "1"
-    WriteRegStr HKCU "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}" "$INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}.exe"
-    DetailPrint "Added autostart registry entry: $INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}.exe"
-${Else}
-    DeleteRegValue HKCU "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
-    DetailPrint "Autostart not enabled by user"
-${EndIf}
-
 EnVar::SetHKLM
 EnVar::AddValueEx "path" "$INSTDIR"
 
@@ -262,6 +234,43 @@ CreateShortCut "$SMPROGRAMS\${APP_NAME}.lnk" "$INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}"
 CreateShortCut "$DESKTOP\${APP_NAME}.lnk" "$INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}"
 SectionEnd
 
+# Install the Microsoft Edge WebView2 runtime if it isn't already present.
+# Macro adapted from Wails3's NSIS template (wails_tools.nsh): a registry
+# probe followed by a silent install of the embedded evergreen bootstrapper.
+# The MicrosoftEdgeWebview2Setup.exe payload is staged next to this script
+# by the sign-pipelines build step (`wails3 generate webview2bootstrapper`).
+!macro nb.webview2runtime
+    SetRegView 64
+    # Per-machine install marker — populated when the runtime ships with
+    # Edge or has been installed by an admin previously.
+    ReadRegStr $0 HKLM "SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Clients\{F3017226-FE2A-4295-8BDF-00C3A9A7E4C5}" "pv"
+    ${If} $0 != ""
+        Goto webview2_ok
+    ${EndIf}
+    # Per-user fallback for HKCU installs.
+    ReadRegStr $0 HKCU "Software\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Clients\{F3017226-FE2A-4295-8BDF-00C3A9A7E4C5}" "pv"
+    ${If} $0 != ""
+        Goto webview2_ok
+    ${EndIf}
+
+    SetDetailsPrint both
+    DetailPrint "Installing: WebView2 Runtime"
+    SetDetailsPrint listonly
+
+    InitPluginsDir
+    CreateDirectory "$pluginsdir\webview2bootstrapper"
+    SetOutPath "$pluginsdir\webview2bootstrapper"
+    File "MicrosoftEdgeWebview2Setup.exe"
+    ExecWait '"$pluginsdir\webview2bootstrapper\MicrosoftEdgeWebview2Setup.exe" /silent /install'
+
+    SetDetailsPrint both
+    webview2_ok:
+!macroend
+
+Section -WebView2
+    !insertmacro nb.webview2runtime
+SectionEnd
+
 Section -Post
 ExecWait '"$INSTDIR\${MAIN_APP_EXE}" service install'
 ExecWait '"$INSTDIR\${MAIN_APP_EXE}" service start'
@@ -281,10 +290,6 @@ ExecWait '"$INSTDIR\${MAIN_APP_EXE}" service uninstall'
 DetailPrint "Terminating Netbird UI process..."
 ExecWait `taskkill /im ${UI_APP_EXE}.exe /f`
 
-; Remove autostart registry entry
-DetailPrint "Removing autostart registry entry if exists..."
-DeleteRegValue HKCU "${AUTOSTART_REG_KEY}" "${APP_NAME}"
-
 ; Handle data deletion based on checkbox
 DetailPrint "Checking if user requested data deletion..."
 ${If} $DeleteDataEnabled == "1"
@@ -306,9 +311,9 @@ DetailPrint "Deleting application files..."
 Delete "$INSTDIR\${UI_APP_EXE}"
 Delete "$INSTDIR\${MAIN_APP_EXE}"
 Delete "$INSTDIR\wintun.dll"
-!if ${ARCH} == "amd64"
+# Legacy: pre-Wails installs shipped opengl32.dll (Mesa3D for Fyne); remove
+# any leftover copy on uninstall so old upgrades don't leave it behind.
 Delete "$INSTDIR\opengl32.dll"
-!endif
 DetailPrint "Removing application directory..."
 RmDir /r "$INSTDIR"
 
@@ -321,6 +326,7 @@ DetailPrint "Removing registry keys..."
 DeleteRegKey ${REG_ROOT} "${REG_APP_PATH}"
 DeleteRegKey ${REG_ROOT} "${UNINSTALL_PATH}"
 DeleteRegKey ${REG_ROOT} "${UI_REG_APP_PATH}"
+DeleteRegKey HKCU "Software\Classes\AppUserModelId\${APP_NAME}"
 
 DetailPrint "Removing application directory from PATH..."
 EnVar::SetHKLM
diff --git a/client/internal/acl/dispatch_test.go b/client/internal/acl/dispatch_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be82e414f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/acl/dispatch_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+package acl
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall"
+	fwmgr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/mocks"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// TestNetworkZeroPrefixIsRoute guards the route-vs-peer dispatch
+// invariant: the backends classify a rule as a peer rule purely by the
+// absence of a destination (neither prefix nor set). A default route
+// (0.0.0.0/0 or ::/0) is a valid prefix and must therefore classify as
+// a route, not collapse into the peer path.
+func TestNetworkZeroPrefixIsRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, p := range []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "::/0", "10.0.0.0/8"} {
+		n := fwmgr.Network{Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix(p)}
+		assert.True(t, n.IsPrefix(), "%s must report IsPrefix", p)
+		assert.True(t, n.IsPrefix() || n.IsSet(), "%s must classify as a route", p)
+	}
+
+	// A zero-value Network is the only peer-rule shape.
+	var empty fwmgr.Network
+	assert.False(t, empty.IsPrefix(), "zero Network must not be a prefix")
+	assert.False(t, empty.IsSet(), "zero Network must not be a set")
+}
+
+// TestDetermineDestinationAlwaysRoute verifies determineDestination
+// never yields an empty Network for a valid route rule: every branch
+// (static prefix, default route, dynamic with/without domains, with and
+// without a local resolver) produces a destination that classifies as a
+// route. If this regresses, a route rule would be dispatched down the
+// peer path, which matches on source only.
+func TestDetermineDestinationAlwaysRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	v4 := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")}
+	v6 := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/48")}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		rule     *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule
+		resolver bool
+		sources  []netip.Prefix
+	}{
+		{"static prefix", &mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule{Destination: "192.168.0.0/16"}, false, v4},
+		{"static default route", &mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule{Destination: "0.0.0.0/0"}, false, v4},
+		{"dynamic with domains + resolver", &mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule{IsDynamic: true, Domains: []string{"example.com"}}, true, v4},
+		{"dynamic no domains + resolver (v4)", &mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule{IsDynamic: true}, true, v4},
+		{"dynamic no domains + resolver (v6)", &mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule{IsDynamic: true}, true, v6},
+		{"dynamic + no local resolver (v4)", &mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule{IsDynamic: true}, false, v4},
+		{"dynamic + no local resolver (v6)", &mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule{IsDynamic: true}, false, v6},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dest, err := determineDestination(tc.rule, tc.resolver, tc.sources)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.True(t, dest.IsPrefix() || dest.IsSet(),
+				"destination must classify as a route, got empty Network")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// countingFirewall wraps a real firewall.Manager and counts filter-rule
+// add/delete calls so a test can assert how many backing rules the acl
+// manager actually creates and tears down.
+type countingFirewall struct {
+	fwmgr.Manager
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	addCalls int
+	dels     int
+	ruleIDs  map[fwmgr.RuleID]struct{}
+}
+
+// distinctRules returns the number of distinct backing rules the
+// backend produced. Because the backend dedups identical content,
+// repeated AddFilterRule calls for the same rule resolve to one id.
+func (f *countingFirewall) distinctRules() int {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	return len(f.ruleIDs)
+}
+
+func (f *countingFirewall) AddFilterRule(id []byte, sources []netip.Prefix, destination fwmgr.Network, proto fwmgr.Protocol, sPort, dPort *fwmgr.Port, action fwmgr.Action) (fwmgr.Rule, error) {
+	rule, err := f.Manager.AddFilterRule(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+	if err == nil {
+		f.mu.Lock()
+		f.addCalls++
+		if f.ruleIDs == nil {
+			f.ruleIDs = make(map[fwmgr.RuleID]struct{})
+		}
+		if rule != nil {
+			f.ruleIDs[rule.ID()] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		f.mu.Unlock()
+	}
+	return rule, err
+}
+
+func (f *countingFirewall) DeleteFilterRule(r fwmgr.Rule) error {
+	err := f.Manager.DeleteFilterRule(r)
+	if err == nil {
+		f.mu.Lock()
+		f.dels++
+		delete(f.ruleIDs, r.ID())
+		f.mu.Unlock()
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func newCountingACL(t *testing.T) (*DefaultManager, *countingFirewall, func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", "true")
+	t.Setenv(firewall.EnvForceUserspaceFirewall, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	ifaceMock := mocks.NewMockIFaceMapper(ctrl)
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().IsUserspaceBind().Return(true).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().SetFilter(gomock.Any())
+	network := netip.MustParsePrefix("172.0.0.1/32")
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Name().Return("lo").AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Address().Return(wgaddr.Address{IP: network.Addr(), Network: network}).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
+
+	realFW, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	fw := &countingFirewall{Manager: realFW}
+	cleanup := func() {
+		require.NoError(t, realFW.Close(nil))
+		ctrl.Finish()
+	}
+	return NewDefaultManager(fw), fw, cleanup
+}
+
+// TestDuplicateContentPoliciesShareOneRule verifies the dedup contract
+// the backends rely on: two policies that authorize an identical flow
+// (same selector and sources) collapse to a single backing firewall
+// rule, and that rule survives until BOTH policies are gone. This is
+// why the backend can dedup on add without refcounting on delete: the
+// acl manager's pair key matches the backend's content key, so add and
+// delete stay balanced per content key across full-state reapplies.
+func TestDuplicateContentPoliciesShareOneRule(t *testing.T) {
+	acl, fw, cleanup := newCountingACL(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	ruleA := &mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+		PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+		PeerIP:    "10.0.0.1", //nolint:staticcheck
+		Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+		Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+		Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+		Port:      "443",
+	}
+	ruleB := &mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+		PolicyID:  []byte("policy-B"),
+		PeerIP:    "10.0.0.1", //nolint:staticcheck
+		Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+		Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+		Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+		Port:      "443",
+	}
+
+	// Both policies present: identical content collapses to one rule.
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(&mgmProto.NetworkMap{FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{ruleA, ruleB}, FirewallRulesIsEmpty: false}, false)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, fw.distinctRules(), "identical-content policies must produce one backing rule")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(acl.peerRulesPairs), "one content key, one pair")
+
+	// Drop policy A only: the shared rule is still authorized by B, so
+	// nothing is deleted.
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(&mgmProto.NetworkMap{FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{ruleB}, FirewallRulesIsEmpty: false}, false)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, fw.distinctRules(), "no new backing rule on reapply")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, fw.dels, "rule must survive while any policy still authorizes it")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
+
+	// Drop policy B too: now the content key has no authorizer and the
+	// single backing rule is removed exactly once.
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(&mgmProto.NetworkMap{FirewallRules: nil, FirewallRulesIsEmpty: true}, false)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, fw.dels, "rule removed once when last policy is gone")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, len(acl.peerRulesPairs))
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/acl/grouping_test.go b/client/internal/acl/grouping_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6cf29b59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/acl/grouping_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+package acl
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall"
+	fwmgr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/mocks"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
+)
+
+// TestGroupPeerRulesPolicyIDSeparates verifies that two FirewallRules
+// with identical selectors but different PolicyIDs do NOT get merged
+// into one group, so each policy's sources merge under its own
+// attribution id. (Identical-content groups may still dedup to one
+// backing rule at the backend; see TestDuplicateContentPoliciesShareOneRule.)
+func TestGroupPeerRulesPolicyIDSeparates(t *testing.T) {
+	rules := []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+		{
+			PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+			PeerIP:    "10.0.0.1",
+			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:      "443",
+		},
+		{
+			PolicyID:  []byte("policy-B"),
+			PeerIP:    "10.0.0.1",
+			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:      "443",
+		},
+	}
+
+	groups, denyErr, err := groupPeerRules(rules)
+	require.NoError(t, denyErr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 2, "rules with different PolicyIDs must produce separate groups")
+}
+
+// TestGroupPeerRulesFamilySeparates verifies that v4 and v6 rules
+// belonging to the same policy don't merge.
+func TestGroupPeerRulesFamilySeparates(t *testing.T) {
+	rules := []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+		{
+			PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+			PeerIP:    "10.0.0.1",
+			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:      "443",
+		},
+		{
+			PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+			PeerIP:    "2001:db8::1",
+			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:      "443",
+		},
+	}
+
+	groups, denyErr, err := groupPeerRules(rules)
+	require.NoError(t, denyErr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 2, "rules of different families must produce separate groups")
+
+	var sawV4, sawV6 bool
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		require.Len(t, g.sources, 1)
+		if g.sources[0].Addr().Is4() {
+			sawV4 = true
+		}
+		if g.sources[0].Addr().Is6() {
+			sawV6 = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, sawV4 && sawV6)
+}
+
+// TestGroupPeerRulesSplitsMixedFamilySingleRule verifies that a single
+// FirewallRule carrying both v4 and v6 source prefixes is split into one
+// group per family. Each backend keys a rule to a single family, so a
+// group whose sources span families would mismatch the other family's
+// sources. mgmt normally emits one rule per family; this guards against
+// a mixed-family rule slipping through.
+func TestGroupPeerRulesSplitsMixedFamilySingleRule(t *testing.T) {
+	srcs := [][]byte{
+		netiputil.EncodeAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")),
+		netiputil.EncodeAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1")),
+		netiputil.EncodeAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2")),
+		netiputil.EncodeAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::2")),
+	}
+	rules := []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+		{
+			PolicyID:       []byte("policy-A"),
+			SourcePrefixes: srcs,
+			Direction:      mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:         mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:       mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:           "443",
+		},
+	}
+
+	groups, denyErr, err := groupPeerRules(rules)
+	require.NoError(t, denyErr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 2, "mixed-family sources in one rule must split into two groups")
+
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		require.Len(t, g.sources, 2)
+		v6 := prefixIsV6(g.sources[0])
+		for _, s := range g.sources {
+			assert.Equal(t, v6, prefixIsV6(s), "every source in a group must share one family")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGroupPeerRulesMergesSameSelector verifies that rules sharing
+// every distinguishing field (policy, family, direction, action,
+// proto, port) collapse into a single multi-source group.
+func TestGroupPeerRulesMergesSameSelector(t *testing.T) {
+	mk := func(peerIP string) *mgmProto.FirewallRule {
+		return &mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+			PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+			PeerIP:    peerIP, //nolint:staticcheck
+			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:      "443",
+		}
+	}
+	rules := []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{mk("10.0.0.1"), mk("10.0.0.2"), mk("10.0.0.3")}
+
+	groups, denyErr, err := groupPeerRules(rules)
+	require.NoError(t, denyErr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 1)
+	require.Len(t, groups[0].sources, 3)
+}
+
+// TestGroupPeerRulesPortSeparates verifies that PortInfo is part of the
+// selector key: rules differing only in port must not merge, and a
+// single port must not merge with a range. A regression dropping the
+// port from the key would collapse rules for different ports into one.
+func TestGroupPeerRulesPortSeparates(t *testing.T) {
+	mkPort := func(peerIP string, port uint32) *mgmProto.FirewallRule {
+		return &mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+			PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+			PeerIP:    peerIP, //nolint:staticcheck
+			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			PortInfo:  &mgmProto.PortInfo{PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Port{Port: port}},
+		}
+	}
+
+	groups, denyErr, err := groupPeerRules([]*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+		mkPort("10.0.0.1", 80), mkPort("10.0.0.2", 80), mkPort("10.0.0.3", 443),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, denyErr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 2, "rules on different ports must not merge")
+
+	rangeRule := &mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+		PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+		PeerIP:    "10.0.0.4", //nolint:staticcheck
+		Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+		Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+		Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+		PortInfo:  &mgmProto.PortInfo{PortSelection: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range_{Range: &mgmProto.PortInfo_Range{Start: 80, End: 90}}},
+	}
+	groups, denyErr, err = groupPeerRules([]*mgmProto.FirewallRule{mkPort("10.0.0.1", 80), rangeRule})
+	require.NoError(t, denyErr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 2, "a single port and a range must not merge")
+}
+
+// TestGroupPeerRulesUsesSourcePrefixesWhenPresent verifies that the
+// new sourcePrefixes wire field is consumed and produces a
+// multi-source group in one shot (no client-side merging needed).
+func TestGroupPeerRulesUsesSourcePrefixesWhenPresent(t *testing.T) {
+	srcs := [][]byte{
+		netiputil.EncodeAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")),
+		netiputil.EncodeAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2")),
+		netiputil.EncodeAddr(netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.3")),
+	}
+	rules := []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+		{
+			PolicyID:       []byte("policy-A"),
+			SourcePrefixes: srcs,
+			Direction:      mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:         mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:       mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:           "443",
+		},
+	}
+
+	groups, denyErr, err := groupPeerRules(rules)
+	require.NoError(t, denyErr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 1)
+	require.Len(t, groups[0].sources, 3)
+}
+
+// TestGroupPeerRulesActionSeparates verifies the obvious: accept
+// and drop rules with the same selector don't merge.
+func TestGroupPeerRulesActionSeparates(t *testing.T) {
+	rules := []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+		{
+			PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+			PeerIP:    "10.0.0.1",
+			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:      "443",
+		},
+		{
+			PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+			PeerIP:    "10.0.0.1",
+			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP,
+			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:      "443",
+		},
+	}
+
+	groups, denyErr, err := groupPeerRules(rules)
+	require.NoError(t, denyErr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 2)
+}
+
+// failingDeleteFirewall wraps a real firewall.Manager and forces the
+// next N DeleteFilterRule calls to fail. Used to verify that the acl
+// manager retains rules whose deletion was rejected by the backend,
+// so they get retried on the next ApplyFiltering pass instead of
+// becoming orphans.
+type failingDeleteFirewall struct {
+	fwmgr.Manager
+	failCount int
+}
+
+func (f *failingDeleteFirewall) DeleteFilterRule(r fwmgr.Rule) error {
+	if f.failCount > 0 {
+		f.failCount--
+		return errors.New("simulated delete failure")
+	}
+	return f.Manager.DeleteFilterRule(r)
+}
+
+// TestApplyFilteringRetainsRulesOnDeleteFailure verifies that a
+// transient DeleteFilterRule error doesn't make the acl manager
+// forget about a rule. The rule must remain in peerRulesPairs so the
+// next ApplyFiltering pass attempts the delete again.
+func TestApplyFilteringRetainsRulesOnDeleteFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", "true")
+	t.Setenv(firewall.EnvForceUserspaceFirewall, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	ifaceMock := mocks.NewMockIFaceMapper(ctrl)
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().IsUserspaceBind().Return(true).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().SetFilter(gomock.Any())
+	network := netip.MustParsePrefix("172.0.0.1/32")
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Name().Return("lo").AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Address().Return(wgaddr.Address{IP: network.Addr(), Network: network}).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
+
+	realFW, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { require.NoError(t, realFW.Close(nil)) }()
+
+	fw := &failingDeleteFirewall{Manager: realFW}
+	acl := NewDefaultManager(fw)
+
+	// First pass: install a rule.
+	netmap1 := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
+		FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+			{
+				PolicyID:  []byte("policy-A"),
+				PeerIP:    "10.0.0.1",
+				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP,
+				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+				Port:      "22",
+			},
+		},
+		FirewallRulesIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(netmap1, false)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(acl.peerRulesPairs), "rule should be installed")
+
+	// Second pass: remove the rule from the map. The backend will
+	// fail the delete; the acl manager must retain the rule.
+	fw.failCount = 1
+	netmap2 := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{FirewallRules: nil, FirewallRulesIsEmpty: true}
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(netmap2, false)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(acl.peerRulesPairs),
+		"rule must be retained when DeleteFilterRule fails so it gets retried")
+
+	// Third pass: same map, backend no longer fails. The rule
+	// should now succeed in being removed.
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(netmap2, false)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, len(acl.peerRulesPairs), "retry should succeed")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/acl/id/id.go b/client/internal/acl/id/id.go
index 23451453e..952403bbd 100644
--- a/client/internal/acl/id/id.go
+++ b/client/internal/acl/id/id.go
@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 )
 
-type RuleID string
+// RuleID aliases manager.RuleID so existing nbid.RuleID references
+// keep working while the canonical type lives in the firewall package.
+type RuleID = manager.RuleID
 
-func (r RuleID) ID() string {
-	return string(r)
-}
-
-func GenerateRouteRuleKey(
+// GenerateRuleID returns a deterministic content hash identifying a filter rule.
+func GenerateRuleID(
 	sources []netip.Prefix,
 	destination manager.Network,
 	proto manager.Protocol,
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ func GenerateRouteRuleKey(
 	dPort *manager.Port,
 	action manager.Action,
 ) RuleID {
+	sources = slices.Clone(sources)
 	manager.SortPrefixes(sources)
 
 	h := sha256.New()
diff --git a/client/internal/acl/legacy_fallback_test.go b/client/internal/acl/legacy_fallback_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00ca013f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/acl/legacy_fallback_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package acl
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall"
+	fwmgr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/mocks"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// sourcesRecordingFirewall wraps a real firewall.Manager and records
+// the source prefixes of every AddFilterRule call.
+type sourcesRecordingFirewall struct {
+	fwmgr.Manager
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	sources [][]netip.Prefix
+}
+
+func (f *sourcesRecordingFirewall) AddFilterRule(id []byte, sources []netip.Prefix, destination fwmgr.Network, proto fwmgr.Protocol, sPort, dPort *fwmgr.Port, action fwmgr.Action) (fwmgr.Rule, error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	f.sources = append(f.sources, sources)
+	f.mu.Unlock()
+	return f.Manager.AddFilterRule(id, sources, destination, proto, sPort, dPort, action)
+}
+
+// TestLegacyManagementFallbackUsesMatchAnySources verifies the
+// allow-all fallback for old management servers (empty FirewallRules
+// without the FirewallRulesIsEmpty flag) reaches the firewall as /0
+// match-any sources. The fallback rule carries PeerIP 0.0.0.0; if that
+// were converted to a host prefix (0.0.0.0/32) it would match nothing
+// and all peer traffic would be dropped.
+func TestLegacyManagementFallbackUsesMatchAnySources(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", "true")
+	t.Setenv(firewall.EnvForceUserspaceFirewall, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	ifaceMock := mocks.NewMockIFaceMapper(ctrl)
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().IsUserspaceBind().Return(true).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().SetFilter(gomock.Any())
+	network := netip.MustParsePrefix("172.0.0.1/32")
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Name().Return("lo").AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Address().Return(wgaddr.Address{IP: network.Addr(), Network: network}).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
+
+	realFW, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { require.NoError(t, realFW.Close(nil)) }()
+
+	fw := &sourcesRecordingFirewall{Manager: realFW}
+	acl := NewDefaultManager(fw)
+
+	// Old management: no rules and no FirewallRulesIsEmpty flag.
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(&mgmProto.NetworkMap{FirewallRules: nil, FirewallRulesIsEmpty: false}, false)
+
+	fw.mu.Lock()
+	defer fw.mu.Unlock()
+	require.NotEmpty(t, fw.sources, "legacy fallback must install at least one allow-all rule")
+	for _, sources := range fw.sources {
+		require.NotEmpty(t, sources)
+		for _, p := range sources {
+			assert.Equal(t, 0, p.Bits(), "legacy fallback source %s must be a /0 match-any prefix", p)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/acl/manager.go b/client/internal/acl/manager.go
index dd6f9479a..6c544b345 100644
--- a/client/internal/acl/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/acl/manager.go
@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
 package acl
 
 import (
-	"crypto/md5"
-	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
@@ -19,10 +17,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/id"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
 )
 
 var ErrSourceRangesEmpty = errors.New("sources range is empty")
 
+// ErrNoRuleReturned is returned when the firewall backend reports success
+// from AddFilterRule but yields no rule to track.
+var ErrNoRuleReturned = errors.New("backend returned no rule")
+
 // Manager is a ACL rules manager
 type Manager interface {
 	ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag bool)
@@ -30,18 +33,49 @@ type Manager interface {
 
 // DefaultManager uses firewall manager to handle
 type DefaultManager struct {
-	firewall       firewall.Manager
-	ipsetCounter   int
-	peerRulesPairs map[id.RuleID][]firewall.Rule
-	routeRules     map[id.RuleID]struct{}
-	mutex          sync.Mutex
+	firewall           firewall.Manager
+	peerRulesPairs     map[id.RuleID][]firewall.Rule
+	routeRules         map[id.RuleID]firewall.Rule
+	previousConfigHash uint64
+	hasAppliedConfig   bool
+	mutex              sync.Mutex
+}
+
+// peerRuleGroup collapses a set of single-source FirewallRules sharing
+// the same selector into one multi-source rule to push to the backend.
+type peerRuleGroup struct {
+	direction mgmProto.RuleDirection
+	action    mgmProto.RuleAction
+	protocol  mgmProto.RuleProtocol
+	port      *mgmProto.PortInfo
+	// legacyPort is used only when PortInfo is empty (old management).
+	legacyPort string
+	policyID   []byte
+	sources    []netip.Prefix
+}
+
+// peerRuleKey is the comparable selector that decides which single-source
+// rules merge into one group. Rules with an equal key collapse into one
+// multi-source backend rule. PortInfo is flattened into its scalar fields
+// so the key compares by value; policyID keeps policies separate so two
+// policies authorizing different peers don't merge under one attribution.
+type peerRuleKey struct {
+	v6         bool
+	policyID   string
+	direction  mgmProto.RuleDirection
+	action     mgmProto.RuleAction
+	protocol   mgmProto.RuleProtocol
+	legacyPort string
+	port       uint16
+	rangeStart uint16
+	rangeEnd   uint16
 }
 
 func NewDefaultManager(fm firewall.Manager) *DefaultManager {
 	return &DefaultManager{
 		firewall:       fm,
 		peerRulesPairs: make(map[id.RuleID][]firewall.Rule),
-		routeRules:     make(map[id.RuleID]struct{}),
+		routeRules:     make(map[id.RuleID]firewall.Rule),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -57,6 +91,23 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRout
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Skip the full rebuild + flush when the inputs that drive the firewall
+	// state are byte-for-byte identical to the last successfully applied
+	// update. Management re-sends the same network map far more often than it
+	// actually changes (account-wide updates, peer meta churn), and rebuilding
+	// every peer/route ACL and flushing the firewall on every such sync is the
+	// dominant client-side cost when nothing changed. Mirrors the same guard the
+	// DNS server already uses (previousConfigHash). Only the fields ApplyFiltering
+	// consumes participate in the hash, so an unrelated map change cannot mask a
+	// real ACL change.
+	hash, err := d.firewallConfigHash(networkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("unable to hash firewall configuration, applying unconditionally: %v", err)
+	} else if d.hasAppliedConfig && d.previousConfigHash == hash {
+		log.Debugf("not applying the firewall configuration update as there is nothing new (hash: %d)", hash)
+		return
+	}
+
 	start := time.Now()
 	defer func() {
 		total := 0
@@ -68,18 +119,57 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) ApplyFiltering(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRout
 			time.Since(start), total)
 	}()
 
-	d.applyPeerACLs(networkMap)
-
-	if err := d.applyRouteACLs(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules, dnsRouteFeatureFlag); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to apply route ACLs: %v", err)
+	peerErr := d.applyPeerACLs(networkMap)
+	if peerErr != nil {
+		log.Errorf("apply peer ACLs: %v", peerErr)
 	}
 
-	if err := d.firewall.Flush(); err != nil {
-		log.Error("failed to flush firewall rules: ", err)
+	routeErr := d.applyRouteACLs(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules, dnsRouteFeatureFlag)
+	if routeErr != nil {
+		log.Errorf("apply route ACLs: %v", routeErr)
+	}
+
+	flushErr := d.firewall.Flush()
+	if flushErr != nil {
+		log.Error("failed to flush firewall rules: ", flushErr)
+	}
+
+	// Only remember the hash once the firewall actually reflects this config.
+	// If applying or flushing failed, leave the previous hash untouched so the
+	// next (possibly identical) update is not skipped and gets a chance to
+	// reconcile the firewall state.
+	if err == nil && peerErr == nil && routeErr == nil && flushErr == nil {
+		d.previousConfigHash = hash
+		d.hasAppliedConfig = true
+	} else {
+		d.hasAppliedConfig = false
 	}
 }
 
-func (d *DefaultManager) applyPeerACLs(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
+// firewallConfigHash hashes exactly the inputs ApplyFiltering uses to build the
+// firewall state, so an identical hash means an identical resulting ruleset.
+func (d *DefaultManager) firewallConfigHash(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag bool) (uint64, error) {
+	return hashstructure.Hash(struct {
+		PeerRules           []*mgmProto.FirewallRule
+		PeerRulesIsEmpty    bool
+		RouteRules          []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule
+		RouteRulesIsEmpty   bool
+		DNSRouteFeatureFlag bool
+	}{
+		PeerRules:           networkMap.GetFirewallRules(),
+		PeerRulesIsEmpty:    networkMap.GetFirewallRulesIsEmpty(),
+		RouteRules:          networkMap.GetRoutesFirewallRules(),
+		RouteRulesIsEmpty:   networkMap.GetRoutesFirewallRulesIsEmpty(),
+		DNSRouteFeatureFlag: dnsRouteFeatureFlag,
+	}, hashstructure.FormatV2, &hashstructure.HashOptions{
+		ZeroNil:         true,
+		IgnoreZeroValue: true,
+		SlicesAsSets:    true,
+		UseStringer:     true,
+	})
+}
+
+func (d *DefaultManager) applyPeerACLs(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 	rules := networkMap.FirewallRules
 
 	// if we got empty rules list but management not set networkMap.FirewallRulesIsEmpty flag
@@ -88,13 +178,13 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyPeerACLs(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
 		log.Warn("this peer is connected to a NetBird Management service with an older version. Allowing all traffic from connected peers")
 		rules = append(rules,
 			&mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				PeerIP:    "0.0.0.0",
+				PeerIP:    "0.0.0.0", //nolint:staticcheck
 				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
 				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
 				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
 			},
 			&mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				PeerIP:    "0.0.0.0",
+				PeerIP:    "0.0.0.0", //nolint:staticcheck
 				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT,
 				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
 				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
@@ -102,52 +192,167 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyPeerACLs(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) {
 		)
 	}
 
-	newRulePairs := make(map[id.RuleID][]firewall.Rule)
-	ipsetByRuleSelectors := make(map[string]string)
-
-	for _, r := range rules {
-		// if this rule is member of rule selection with more than DefaultIPsCountForSet
-		// it's IP address can be used in the ipset for firewall manager which supports it
-		selector := d.getRuleGroupingSelector(r)
-		ipsetName, ok := ipsetByRuleSelectors[selector]
-		if !ok {
-			d.ipsetCounter++
-			ipsetName = fmt.Sprintf("nb%07d", d.ipsetCounter)
-			ipsetByRuleSelectors[selector] = ipsetName
-		}
-		pairID, rulePair, err := d.protoRuleToFirewallRule(r, ipsetName)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to apply firewall rule: %+v, %v", r, err)
-			d.rollBack(newRulePairs)
-			break
-		}
-		if len(rulePair) > 0 {
-			d.peerRulesPairs[pairID] = rulePair
-			newRulePairs[pairID] = rulePair
-		}
+	// Group incoming single-source rules from management by their
+	// (direction, action, proto, port) selector and merge sources.
+	// One call to the firewall backend per merged rule.
+	// A deny we cannot decode would leave its traffic unblocked, so skip
+	// the whole pass and keep existing rules until the next sync.
+	groups, denyErr, err := groupPeerRules(rules)
+	if denyErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("decode deny rule sources: %w", denyErr)
 	}
 
+	newRulePairs := make(map[id.RuleID][]firewall.Rule)
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	if err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	// Apply denies first. A deny that fails to install is a security
+	// failure (fail-open), so if any deny errors we roll back the
+	// denies we already installed in this pass and bail out without
+	// installing any accept. Pre-existing rules stay untouched until
+	// the next successful pass clears them.
+	denies, accepts := splitDenyAccept(groups)
+	if err := d.installPeerGroups(denies, newRulePairs, true); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("install deny rules: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := d.installPeerGroups(accepts, newRulePairs, false); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
+	// Tear down rules that disappeared from the networkmap. Any rule
+	// the backend refuses to delete stays in our tracking so it gets
+	// retried on the next ApplyFiltering. Otherwise a transient
+	// delete failure would leak the rule in the firewall until the
+	// process exits.
 	for pairID, rules := range d.peerRulesPairs {
-		if _, ok := newRulePairs[pairID]; !ok {
-			for _, rule := range rules {
-				if err := d.firewall.DeletePeerRule(rule); err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("failed to delete peer firewall rule: %v", err)
-					continue
-				}
+		if _, ok := newRulePairs[pairID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		var remaining []firewall.Rule
+		for _, rule := range rules {
+			if err := d.firewall.DeleteFilterRule(rule); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete peer rule, will retry: %w", err))
+				remaining = append(remaining, rule)
 			}
-			delete(d.peerRulesPairs, pairID)
+		}
+		if len(remaining) > 0 {
+			newRulePairs[pairID] = remaining
 		}
 	}
 	d.peerRulesPairs = newRulePairs
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// installPeerGroups applies each group and records the resulting rule
+// pairs in newRulePairs. With atomic set (deny rules), a single failure
+// rolls back every rule installed in this call and returns, leaving the
+// firewall exactly as before: denies are fail-closed and must be applied
+// all-or-nothing. With atomic unset (accept rules), failures are
+// accumulated and the remaining groups still install, so one malformed
+// allow cannot drop every other legitimate allow in the pass.
+func (d *DefaultManager) installPeerGroups(groups []*peerRuleGroup, newRulePairs map[id.RuleID][]firewall.Rule, atomic bool) error {
+	var freshlyInstalled []id.RuleID
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		pairID, rulePair, err := d.applyPeerGroup(g)
+		if err != nil {
+			if atomic {
+				d.rollbackInstalled(freshlyInstalled)
+				return fmt.Errorf("apply firewall rule: %w", err)
+			}
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("apply firewall rule: %w", err))
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(rulePair) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, existed := d.peerRulesPairs[pairID]; !existed {
+			freshlyInstalled = append(freshlyInstalled, pairID)
+		}
+		d.peerRulesPairs[pairID] = rulePair
+		newRulePairs[pairID] = rulePair
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (d *DefaultManager) rollbackInstalled(pairIDs []id.RuleID) {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, pairID := range pairIDs {
+		// Keep any rule the backend refuses to delete tracked so it is
+		// retried on the next ApplyFiltering instead of leaking in the
+		// firewall with no tracking left to remove it.
+		var remaining []firewall.Rule
+		for _, rule := range d.peerRulesPairs[pairID] {
+			if err := d.firewall.DeleteFilterRule(rule); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("rule %s: %w", pairID, err))
+				remaining = append(remaining, rule)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(remaining) > 0 {
+			d.peerRulesPairs[pairID] = remaining
+		} else {
+			delete(d.peerRulesPairs, pairID)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("rollback peer rules: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *DefaultManager) applyPeerGroup(g *peerRuleGroup) (id.RuleID, []firewall.Rule, error) {
+	protocol, err := ConvertToFirewallProtocol(g.protocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("skipping firewall rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	action, err := convertFirewallAction(g.action)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("skipping firewall rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	port, err := resolveGroupPort(g)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	var fwRule firewall.Rule
+	switch g.direction {
+	case mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN:
+		fwRule, err = d.firewall.AddFilterRule(g.policyID, g.sources, firewall.Network{}, protocol, nil, port, action)
+	case mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT:
+		if d.firewall.IsStateful() {
+			return "", nil, nil
+		}
+		if shouldSkipInvertedRule(protocol, port) {
+			return "", nil, nil
+		}
+		fwRule, err = d.firewall.AddFilterRule(g.policyID, g.sources, firewall.Network{}, protocol, port, nil, action)
+	default:
+		return "", nil, errors.New("invalid direction")
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("add firewall rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	if fwRule == nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("add firewall rule: %w", ErrNoRuleReturned)
+	}
+
+	// Derive the pair id from the backend rule, like the route path:
+	// the backend dedups identical content, so two policies authorizing
+	// the same flow resolve to the same id and a single backing rule.
+	return fwRule.ID(), []firewall.Rule{fwRule}, nil
 }
 
 func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACLs(rules []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dynamicResolver bool) error {
-	newRouteRules := make(map[id.RuleID]struct{}, len(rules))
+	newRouteRules := make(map[id.RuleID]firewall.Rule, len(rules))
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 
-	// Apply new rules - firewall manager will return existing rule ID if already present
+	// Apply new rules - firewall manager will return the existing rule if already present
 	for _, rule := range rules {
-		id, err := d.applyRouteACL(rule, dynamicResolver)
+		addedRule, err := d.applyRouteACL(rule, dynamicResolver)
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, ErrSourceRangesEmpty) {
 				log.Debugf("skipping empty sources rule with destination %s: %v", rule.Destination, err)
@@ -156,16 +361,18 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACLs(rules []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dyn
 			}
 			continue
 		}
-		newRouteRules[id] = struct{}{}
+		newRouteRules[addedRule.ID()] = addedRule
 	}
 
-	// Clean up old firewall rules
-	for id := range d.routeRules {
-		if _, exists := newRouteRules[id]; !exists {
-			if err := d.firewall.DeleteRouteRule(id); err != nil {
-				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete route rule: %w", err))
-			}
-			// implicitly deleted from the map
+	// Tear down old route rules; retain ones the backend refused so a
+	// transient failure doesn't leave orphaned rules in the firewall.
+	for ruleID, rule := range d.routeRules {
+		if _, exists := newRouteRules[ruleID]; exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := d.firewall.DeleteFilterRule(rule); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("delete route rule, will retry: %w", err))
+			newRouteRules[ruleID] = rule
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -173,102 +380,202 @@ func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACLs(rules []*mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dyn
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACL(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dynamicResolver bool) (id.RuleID, error) {
+func (d *DefaultManager) applyRouteACL(rule *mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule, dynamicResolver bool) (firewall.Rule, error) {
 	if len(rule.SourceRanges) == 0 {
-		return "", ErrSourceRangesEmpty
+		return nil, ErrSourceRangesEmpty
 	}
 
 	var sources []netip.Prefix
 	for _, sourceRange := range rule.SourceRanges {
 		source, err := netip.ParsePrefix(sourceRange)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("parse source range: %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse source range: %w", err)
 		}
-		sources = append(sources, source)
+		sources = append(sources, firewall.UnmapPrefix(source))
 	}
 
 	destination, err := determineDestination(rule, dynamicResolver, sources)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("determine destination: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("determine destination: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	protocol, err := convertToFirewallProtocol(rule.Protocol)
+	protocol, err := ConvertToFirewallProtocol(rule.Protocol)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid protocol: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid protocol: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	action, err := convertFirewallAction(rule.Action)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid action: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid action: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	dPorts := convertPortInfo(rule.PortInfo)
 
-	addedRule, err := d.firewall.AddRouteFiltering(rule.PolicyID, sources, destination, protocol, nil, dPorts, action)
+	addedRule, err := d.firewall.AddFilterRule(rule.PolicyID, sources, destination, protocol, nil, dPorts, action)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("add route rule: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add route rule: %w", err)
+	}
+	if addedRule == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add route rule: %w", ErrNoRuleReturned)
 	}
 
-	return id.RuleID(addedRule.ID()), nil
+	return addedRule, nil
 }
 
-func (d *DefaultManager) protoRuleToFirewallRule(
-	r *mgmProto.FirewallRule,
-	ipsetName string,
-) (id.RuleID, []firewall.Rule, error) {
-	ip := net.ParseIP(r.PeerIP)
-	if ip == nil {
-		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address, skipping firewall rule")
+// splitDenyAccept partitions groups by action so denies can be
+// applied before accepts. Order within each bucket is preserved.
+func splitDenyAccept(groups []*peerRuleGroup) (denies, accepts []*peerRuleGroup) {
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		if g.action == mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP {
+			denies = append(denies, g)
+		} else {
+			accepts = append(accepts, g)
+		}
+	}
+	return denies, accepts
+}
+
+// groupPeerRules merges single-source rules sharing a selector into
+// multi-source groups. It splits source-decode failures by action:
+// denyErr is non-nil when a deny rule could not be decoded, which is a
+// fail-open risk the caller must treat as fatal for the pass; err
+// carries the tolerable accept-rule failures the caller can log and
+// continue past.
+func groupPeerRules(rules []*mgmProto.FirewallRule) (groups []*peerRuleGroup, denyErr error, err error) {
+	var denyMerr, acceptMerr *multierror.Error
+	byKey := make(map[peerRuleKey]*peerRuleGroup)
+	order := make([]peerRuleKey, 0)
+
+	for _, r := range rules {
+		srcs, decErr := extractRuleSources(r)
+		if decErr != nil {
+			if r.Action == mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP {
+				denyMerr = multierror.Append(denyMerr, decErr)
+			} else {
+				acceptMerr = multierror.Append(acceptMerr, decErr)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		// A single FirewallRule normally carries one address family, but
+		// split by family defensively: each backend keys a rule to one
+		// family and would mismatch sources of the other, so a group's
+		// sources must never span families.
+		v4, v6 := splitPrefixesByFamily(srcs)
+		for _, sub := range []struct {
+			isV6    bool
+			sources []netip.Prefix
+		}{{false, v4}, {true, v6}} {
+			if len(sub.sources) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			key := ruleGroupKey(r, sub.isV6)
+			g, ok := byKey[key]
+			if !ok {
+				g = &peerRuleGroup{
+					direction:  r.Direction,
+					action:     r.Action,
+					protocol:   r.Protocol,
+					port:       r.PortInfo,
+					legacyPort: r.Port,
+					policyID:   r.PolicyID,
+				}
+				byKey[key] = g
+				order = append(order, key)
+			}
+			g.sources = append(g.sources, sub.sources...)
+		}
 	}
 
-	protocol, err := convertToFirewallProtocol(r.Protocol)
+	out := make([]*peerRuleGroup, 0, len(order))
+	for _, k := range order {
+		out = append(out, byKey[k])
+	}
+	return out, nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(denyMerr), nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(acceptMerr)
+}
+
+func prefixIsV6(p netip.Prefix) bool {
+	return p.Addr().Is6() && !p.Addr().Is4In6()
+}
+
+// splitPrefixesByFamily partitions prefixes into IPv4 and IPv6 groups.
+func splitPrefixesByFamily(prefixes []netip.Prefix) (v4, v6 []netip.Prefix) {
+	for _, p := range prefixes {
+		if prefixIsV6(p) {
+			v6 = append(v6, p)
+		} else {
+			v4 = append(v4, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return v4, v6
+}
+
+// ruleGroupKey builds the selector key for a rule. v6 must reflect the
+// rule's source family: mgmt emits one rule per family and mixing them
+// would break ICMP-variant selection in uspfilter.
+func ruleGroupKey(r *mgmProto.FirewallRule, v6 bool) peerRuleKey {
+	k := peerRuleKey{
+		v6:         v6,
+		policyID:   string(r.PolicyID),
+		direction:  r.Direction,
+		action:     r.Action,
+		protocol:   r.Protocol,
+		legacyPort: r.Port,
+	}
+	if pi := r.PortInfo; pi != nil {
+		k.port = uint16(pi.GetPort())
+		if rng := pi.GetRange(); rng != nil {
+			k.rangeStart = uint16(rng.GetStart())
+			k.rangeEnd = uint16(rng.GetEnd())
+		}
+	}
+	return k
+}
+
+// extractRuleSources returns all source prefixes the rule applies to.
+// New management populates sourcePrefixes; older management sets PeerIP.
+func extractRuleSources(r *mgmProto.FirewallRule) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
+	if len(r.SourcePrefixes) > 0 {
+		out := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(r.SourcePrefixes))
+		for _, raw := range r.SourcePrefixes {
+			addr, err := netiputil.DecodeAddr(raw)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode source prefix: %w", err)
+			}
+			out = append(out, netip.PrefixFrom(addr.Unmap(), addr.Unmap().BitLen()))
+		}
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	peerIP := r.PeerIP //nolint:staticcheck // PeerIP is the legacy source field for old management servers
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(peerIP)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("skipping firewall rule: %s", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse peer IP %q: %w", peerIP, err)
 	}
-
-	action, err := convertFirewallAction(r.Action)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("skipping firewall rule: %s", err)
+	addr = addr.Unmap()
+	// An unspecified PeerIP means "any peer" (legacy management
+	// allow-all fallback); only a /0 prefix matches any source in the
+	// backends, a full-length prefix would match nothing.
+	if addr.IsUnspecified() {
+		return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(addr, 0)}, nil
 	}
+	return []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(addr, addr.BitLen())}, nil
+}
 
-	var port *firewall.Port
-	if !portInfoEmpty(r.PortInfo) {
-		port = convertPortInfo(r.PortInfo)
-	} else if r.Port != "" {
-		// old version of management, single port
-		value, err := strconv.Atoi(r.Port)
+func resolveGroupPort(g *peerRuleGroup) (*firewall.Port, error) {
+	if !portInfoEmpty(g.port) {
+		return convertPortInfo(g.port), nil
+	}
+	if g.legacyPort != "" {
+		value, err := strconv.ParseUint(g.legacyPort, 10, 16)
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid port: %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid port: %w", err)
 		}
-		port = &firewall.Port{
+		return &firewall.Port{
 			Values: []uint16{uint16(value)},
-		}
+		}, nil
 	}
-
-	ruleID := d.getPeerRuleID(ip, protocol, int(r.Direction), port, action)
-	if rulesPair, ok := d.peerRulesPairs[ruleID]; ok {
-		return ruleID, rulesPair, nil
-	}
-
-	var rules []firewall.Rule
-	switch r.Direction {
-	case mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN:
-		rules, err = d.addInRules(r.PolicyID, ip, protocol, port, action, ipsetName)
-	case mgmProto.RuleDirection_OUT:
-		if d.firewall.IsStateful() {
-			return "", nil, nil
-		}
-		// return traffic for outbound connections if firewall is stateless
-		rules, err = d.addOutRules(r.PolicyID, ip, protocol, port, action, ipsetName)
-	default:
-		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid direction, skipping firewall rule")
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", nil, err
-	}
-
-	return ruleID, rules, nil
+	// nolint:nilnil // a nil port legitimately means "no port restriction"
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 func portInfoEmpty(portInfo *mgmProto.PortInfo) bool {
@@ -287,75 +594,9 @@ func portInfoEmpty(portInfo *mgmProto.PortInfo) bool {
 	}
 }
 
-func (d *DefaultManager) addInRules(
-	id []byte,
-	ip net.IP,
-	protocol firewall.Protocol,
-	port *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-	ipsetName string,
-) ([]firewall.Rule, error) {
-	rule, err := d.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(id, ip, protocol, nil, port, action, ipsetName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add firewall rule: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return rule, nil
-}
-
-func (d *DefaultManager) addOutRules(
-	id []byte,
-	ip net.IP,
-	protocol firewall.Protocol,
-	port *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-	ipsetName string,
-) ([]firewall.Rule, error) {
-	if shouldSkipInvertedRule(protocol, port) {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	rule, err := d.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(id, ip, protocol, port, nil, action, ipsetName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add firewall rule: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return rule, nil
-}
-
-// getPeerRuleID() returns unique ID for the rule based on its parameters.
-func (d *DefaultManager) getPeerRuleID(
-	ip net.IP,
-	proto firewall.Protocol,
-	direction int,
-	port *firewall.Port,
-	action firewall.Action,
-) id.RuleID {
-	idStr := ip.String() + string(proto) + strconv.Itoa(direction) + strconv.Itoa(int(action))
-	if port != nil {
-		idStr += port.String()
-	}
-
-	return id.RuleID(hex.EncodeToString(md5.New().Sum([]byte(idStr))))
-}
-
-// getRuleGroupingSelector takes all rule properties except IP address to build selector
-func (d *DefaultManager) getRuleGroupingSelector(rule *mgmProto.FirewallRule) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v:%v:%s:%v", strconv.Itoa(int(rule.Direction)), rule.Action, rule.Protocol, rule.Port, rule.PortInfo)
-}
-
-func (d *DefaultManager) rollBack(newRulePairs map[id.RuleID][]firewall.Rule) {
-	log.Debugf("rollback ACL to previous state")
-	for _, rules := range newRulePairs {
-		for _, rule := range rules {
-			if err := d.firewall.DeletePeerRule(rule); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to delete new firewall rule (id: %v) during rollback: %v", rule.ID(), err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func convertToFirewallProtocol(protocol mgmProto.RuleProtocol) (firewall.Protocol, error) {
+// ConvertToFirewallProtocol maps a management rule protocol to the
+// firewall protocol type.
+func ConvertToFirewallProtocol(protocol mgmProto.RuleProtocol) (firewall.Protocol, error) {
 	switch protocol {
 	case mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP:
 		return firewall.ProtocolTCP, nil
diff --git a/client/internal/acl/manager_test.go b/client/internal/acl/manager_test.go
index 408ed992f..19bef9058 100644
--- a/client/internal/acl/manager_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/acl/manager_test.go
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 package acl
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall"
+	fwmanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl/mocks"
@@ -76,9 +78,9 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("add extra rules", func(t *testing.T) {
-		existedPairs := map[string]struct{}{}
+		existedPairs := map[fwmanager.RuleID]struct{}{}
 		for id := range acl.peerRulesPairs {
-			existedPairs[id.ID()] = struct{}{}
+			existedPairs[id] = struct{}{}
 		}
 
 		// remove first rule
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 		networkMap.FirewallRules = append(
 			networkMap.FirewallRules,
 			&mgmProto.FirewallRule{
-				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3",
+				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.3", //nolint:staticcheck
 				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
 				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP,
 				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ICMP,
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ func TestDefaultManager(t *testing.T) {
 		// check that old rule was removed
 		previousCount := 0
 		for id := range acl.peerRulesPairs {
-			if _, ok := existedPairs[id.ID()]; ok {
+			if _, ok := existedPairs[id]; ok {
 				previousCount++
 			}
 		}
@@ -485,3 +487,149 @@ func TestPortInfoEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// TestApplyFilteringSkipsUnchangedConfig verifies that an identical network map
+// re-applied is recognized as a no-op (hash unchanged), while a real change to
+// any firewall-relevant input forces a re-apply (hash changes). This is the
+// guard that prevents a full ruleset rebuild + flush on every redundant sync.
+func TestApplyFilteringSkipsUnchangedConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", "true")
+	t.Setenv(firewall.EnvForceUserspaceFirewall, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	ifaceMock := mocks.NewMockIFaceMapper(ctrl)
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().IsUserspaceBind().Return(true).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().SetFilter(gomock.Any())
+	network := netip.MustParsePrefix("172.0.0.1/32")
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Name().Return("lo").AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().Address().Return(wgaddr.Address{
+		IP:      network.Addr(),
+		Network: network,
+	}).AnyTimes()
+	ifaceMock.EXPECT().GetWGDevice().Return(nil).AnyTimes()
+
+	fw, err := firewall.NewFirewall(ifaceMock, nil, flowLogger, false, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		require.NoError(t, fw.Close(nil))
+	}()
+
+	acl := NewDefaultManager(fw)
+
+	networkMap := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
+		FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+			{
+				PeerIP:    "10.93.0.1",
+				Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+				Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+				Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+				Port:      "22",
+			},
+		},
+		FirewallRulesIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
+	require.True(t, acl.hasAppliedConfig, "config should be marked applied after first apply")
+	firstHash := acl.previousConfigHash
+	require.NotZero(t, firstHash)
+
+	// Re-applying the identical map must not change the recorded hash: the
+	// expensive rebuild path was skipped.
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
+	assert.Equal(t, firstHash, acl.previousConfigHash,
+		"identical re-apply must be a no-op (hash unchanged)")
+
+	// A real change must produce a different hash and re-apply.
+	networkMap.FirewallRules[0].Action = mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, false)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, firstHash, acl.previousConfigHash,
+		"changing a rule's action must force a re-apply (hash changed)")
+
+	// The dnsRouteFeatureFlag also participates in the hash.
+	changedHash := acl.previousConfigHash
+	acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, true)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, changedHash, acl.previousConfigHash,
+		"flipping dnsRouteFeatureFlag must force a re-apply (hash changed)")
+}
+
+func buildNetworkMap(peerRules, routeRules int) *mgmProto.NetworkMap {
+	nm := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
+		FirewallRulesIsEmpty:       peerRules == 0,
+		RoutesFirewallRulesIsEmpty: routeRules == 0,
+	}
+	for i := range peerRules {
+		nm.FirewallRules = append(nm.FirewallRules, &mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+			PeerIP:    fmt.Sprintf("10.%d.%d.%d", i>>16&0xff, i>>8&0xff, i&0xff), //nolint:staticcheck
+			Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN,
+			Action:    mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:  mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			Port:      fmt.Sprintf("%d", 1024+i%64511),
+		})
+	}
+	for i := range routeRules {
+		nm.RoutesFirewallRules = append(nm.RoutesFirewallRules, &mgmProto.RouteFirewallRule{
+			Destination:  fmt.Sprintf("192.168.%d.0/24", i%256),
+			SourceRanges: []string{fmt.Sprintf("10.0.%d.0/24", i%256)},
+			Action:       mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT,
+			Protocol:     mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL,
+		})
+	}
+	return nm
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFirewallConfigHash_Small(b *testing.B) {
+	d := &DefaultManager{}
+	nm := buildNetworkMap(10, 5)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for b.Loop() {
+		_, _ = d.firewallConfigHash(nm, false)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFirewallConfigHash_Medium(b *testing.B) {
+	d := &DefaultManager{}
+	nm := buildNetworkMap(100, 50)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for b.Loop() {
+		_, _ = d.firewallConfigHash(nm, false)
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkFirewallConfigHash_Large(b *testing.B) {
+	d := &DefaultManager{}
+	nm := buildNetworkMap(1000, 200)
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for b.Loop() {
+		_, _ = d.firewallConfigHash(nm, false)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFirewallConfigHashDeterministic verifies the hash is stable for equal
+// inputs and order-independent for the rule slices (management does not
+// guarantee rule order).
+func TestFirewallConfigHashDeterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	d := &DefaultManager{}
+
+	nm1 := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
+		FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+			{PeerIP: "10.0.0.1", Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN, Action: mgmProto.RuleAction_ACCEPT, Protocol: mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP, Port: "22"},
+			{PeerIP: "10.0.0.2", Direction: mgmProto.RuleDirection_IN, Action: mgmProto.RuleAction_DROP, Protocol: mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP, Port: "80"},
+		},
+	}
+	// Same rules, reversed order.
+	nm2 := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
+		FirewallRules: []*mgmProto.FirewallRule{
+			nm1.FirewallRules[1],
+			nm1.FirewallRules[0],
+		},
+	}
+
+	h1, err := d.firewallConfigHash(nm1, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	h2, err := d.firewallConfigHash(nm2, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, h1, h2, "hash must be order-independent for rule slices")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/acl/mocks/iface_mapper.go b/client/internal/acl/mocks/iface_mapper.go
index 95d5a2c58..f8cca1c2d 100644
--- a/client/internal/acl/mocks/iface_mapper.go
+++ b/client/internal/acl/mocks/iface_mapper.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ package mocks
 import (
 	reflect "reflect"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/auth.go b/client/internal/auth/auth.go
index bdfd07430..939df3a21 100644
--- a/client/internal/auth/auth.go
+++ b/client/internal/auth/auth.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package auth
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net/url"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -21,6 +22,25 @@ import (
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
+// peerLoginExpiredMsg is the exact phrase the management server returns
+// when a previously SSO-enrolled peer's login has expired. Sourced from
+// shared/management/status/error.go (NewPeerLoginExpiredError). Matched
+// by substring so a future server-side rewording that keeps the phrase
+// still triggers the friendly fallback in Login().
+const peerLoginExpiredMsg = "peer login has expired"
+
+// errSetupKeyOnSSOExpiredPeer replaces the raw management error when the
+// user runs `netbird login -k <setup-key>` against a peer that was
+// originally enrolled via SSO. Wrapped in a PermissionDenied gRPC status
+// so callers' existing isPermissionDenied / isAuthError checks still
+// classify it correctly (early-exit from retry backoff, StatusNeedsLogin
+// in the server state machine).
+var errSetupKeyOnSSOExpiredPeer = status.Error(
+	codes.PermissionDenied,
+	"this peer was originally enrolled via SSO and its session has expired. "+
+		"Setup keys can only enrol new peers — run `netbird up` (interactive SSO) to re-login.",
+)
+
 // Auth manages authentication operations with the management server
 // It maintains a long-lived connection and automatically handles reconnection with backoff
 type Auth struct {
@@ -118,26 +138,37 @@ func (a *Auth) IsSSOSupported(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
 
 // GetOAuthFlow returns an OAuth flow (PKCE or Device) using the existing management connection
 // This avoids creating a new connection to the management server
-func (a *Auth) GetOAuthFlow(ctx context.Context, forceDeviceAuth bool) (OAuthFlow, error) {
+func (a *Auth) GetOAuthFlow(ctx context.Context, forceDeviceAuth bool, hint string) (OAuthFlow, error) {
 	var flow OAuthFlow
-	var err error
 
-	err = a.withRetry(ctx, func(client *mgm.GrpcClient) error {
+	err := a.withRetry(ctx, func(client *mgm.GrpcClient) error {
 		if forceDeviceAuth {
-			flow, err = a.getDeviceFlow(client)
-			return err
+			deviceFlow, err := a.getDeviceFlow(client)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			deviceFlow.SetLoginHint(hint)
+			flow = deviceFlow
+			return nil
 		}
 
 		// Try PKCE flow first
-		flow, err = a.getPKCEFlow(client)
+		pkceFlow, err := a.getPKCEFlow(client)
 		if err != nil {
 			// If PKCE not supported, try Device flow
 			if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && (s.Code() == codes.NotFound || s.Code() == codes.Unimplemented) {
-				flow, err = a.getDeviceFlow(client)
-				return err
+				deviceFlow, err := a.getDeviceFlow(client)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				deviceFlow.SetLoginHint(hint)
+				flow = deviceFlow
+				return nil
 			}
 			return err
 		}
+		pkceFlow.SetLoginHint(hint)
+		flow = pkceFlow
 		return nil
 	})
 
@@ -184,6 +215,15 @@ func (a *Auth) Login(ctx context.Context, setupKey string, jwtToken string) (err
 			log.Debugf("peer registration required")
 			_, err = a.registerPeer(client, ctx, setupKey, jwtToken, pubSSHKey)
 			if err != nil {
+				// The peer pub-key is already on file with the management
+				// server (originally enrolled via SSO) and the session has
+				// expired. The setup-key path can only enrol new peers, so
+				// retrying with -k will keep failing. Replace the raw mgm
+				// message with an actionable hint that tells the user to
+				// re-authenticate via SSO instead.
+				if setupKey != "" && jwtToken == "" && isPeerLoginExpired(err) {
+					err = errSetupKeyOnSSOExpiredPeer
+				}
 				isAuthError = isPermissionDenied(err)
 				return err
 			}
@@ -321,12 +361,14 @@ func (a *Auth) setSystemInfoFlags(info *system.Info) {
 		a.config.DisableFirewall,
 		a.config.BlockLANAccess,
 		a.config.BlockInbound,
-		a.config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		a.config.DisableIPv6,
+		a.config.SyncMessageVersion,
 		a.config.EnableSSHRoot,
 		a.config.EnableSSHSFTP,
 		a.config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
 		a.config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
 		a.config.DisableSSHAuth,
+		a.config.RemoteJobsAllowed,
 	)
 }
 
@@ -473,3 +515,16 @@ func isLoginNeeded(err error) bool {
 func isRegistrationNeeded(err error) bool {
 	return isPermissionDenied(err)
 }
+
+// isPeerLoginExpired reports whether err is the management server's
+// "peer login has expired" PermissionDenied response. Used by Login to
+// detect the case where the caller passed a setup-key but the peer is
+// actually an SSO-enrolled record whose session needs refreshing — the
+// setup-key path cannot help there.
+func isPeerLoginExpired(err error) bool {
+	if !isPermissionDenied(err) {
+		return false
+	}
+	s, _ := status.FromError(err)
+	return strings.Contains(s.Message(), peerLoginExpiredMsg)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/auth_test.go b/client/internal/auth/auth_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e393beccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/auth/auth_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+func TestIsPeerLoginExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "nil",
+			err:  nil,
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "plain error (not a gRPC status)",
+			err:  errors.New("network read: connection reset"),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "PermissionDenied with different message",
+			err:  status.Error(codes.PermissionDenied, "user is blocked"),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Unauthenticated with the expected phrase",
+			// Wrong status code — must still return false.
+			err:  status.Error(codes.Unauthenticated, "peer login has expired, please log in once more"),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "exact server message",
+			err:  status.Error(codes.PermissionDenied, "peer login has expired, please log in once more"),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "phrase as substring",
+			// Future-proofing: if mgm reworords but keeps the phrase,
+			// the friendly fallback must still kick in.
+			err:  status.Error(codes.PermissionDenied, "session refused: peer login has expired (account=foo)"),
+			want: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := isPeerLoginExpired(tc.err); got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("isPeerLoginExpired(%v) = %v, want %v", tc.err, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestErrSetupKeyOnSSOExpiredPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	// Sentinel must surface as PermissionDenied so the upstream
+	// isPermissionDenied / isAuthError checks classify it correctly
+	// (short-circuit retry backoff, set StatusNeedsLogin).
+	if !isPermissionDenied(errSetupKeyOnSSOExpiredPeer) {
+		t.Fatalf("errSetupKeyOnSSOExpiredPeer must be a PermissionDenied gRPC error")
+	}
+
+	// Message must actually mention SSO and `netbird up` so it is
+	// actionable for the end user. Loose substring checks keep the
+	// test resilient to copy edits.
+	s, _ := status.FromError(errSetupKeyOnSSOExpiredPeer)
+	msg := strings.ToLower(s.Message())
+	for _, want := range []string{"sso", "netbird up"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(msg, want) {
+			t.Errorf("sentinel message should contain %q, got %q", want, s.Message())
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/device_flow.go b/client/internal/auth/device_flow.go
index e33765300..3592e589d 100644
--- a/client/internal/auth/device_flow.go
+++ b/client/internal/auth/device_flow.go
@@ -259,12 +259,18 @@ func (d *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) WaitToken(ctx context.Context, info AuthFlowIn
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
 	defer ticker.Stop()
 
+	log.Infof("device flow: waiting for user authorization, polling token endpoint every %s, code expires in %s", interval, timeout)
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	polls := 0
+
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-waitCtx.Done():
 			return TokenInfo{}, waitCtx.Err()
 		case <-ticker.C:
 
+			polls++
 			tokenResponse, err := d.requestToken(info)
 			if err != nil {
 				return TokenInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("parsing token response failed with error: %v", err)
@@ -272,10 +278,12 @@ func (d *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) WaitToken(ctx context.Context, info AuthFlowIn
 
 			if tokenResponse.Error != "" {
 				if tokenResponse.Error == "authorization_pending" {
+					log.Tracef("device flow: authorization still pending after poll %d", polls)
 					continue
 				} else if tokenResponse.Error == "slow_down" {
 					interval += (3 * time.Second)
 					ticker.Reset(interval)
+					log.Infof("device flow: IdP requested slow_down, polling interval increased to %s", interval)
 					continue
 				}
 
@@ -291,11 +299,22 @@ func (d *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) WaitToken(ctx context.Context, info AuthFlowIn
 				UseIDToken:   d.providerConfig.UseIDToken,
 			}
 
-			err = isValidAccessToken(tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse(), d.providerConfig.Audience)
+			err = validateTokenAudience(tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse(), d.providerConfig.Audience)
 			if err != nil {
 				return TokenInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("validate access token failed with error: %v", err)
 			}
 
+			// Same as the PKCE flow: the account the token belongs to is what
+			// callers store to send back as the login_hint. Without it a client
+			// driven through the device flow — Android TV and tvOS — never binds
+			// an account to its profile and every later login goes out blind.
+			if email, err := parseEmailFromIDToken(tokenInfo.IDToken); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("failed to parse email from ID token: %v", err)
+			} else {
+				tokenInfo.Email = email
+			}
+
+			log.Infof("device flow: user authorization confirmed after %d polls in %s", polls, time.Since(start).Round(time.Second))
 			return tokenInfo, err
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/oauth.go b/client/internal/auth/oauth.go
index a50a2ce6f..91329c98b 100644
--- a/client/internal/auth/oauth.go
+++ b/client/internal/auth/oauth.go
@@ -97,9 +97,7 @@ func authenticateWithPKCEFlow(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getting pkce authorization flow info failed with error: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if hint != "" {
-		pkceFlowInfo.SetLoginHint(hint)
-	}
+	pkceFlowInfo.SetLoginHint(hint)
 
 	return pkceFlowInfo, nil
 }
@@ -127,9 +125,7 @@ func authenticateWithDeviceCodeFlow(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.
 		}
 	}
 
-	if hint != "" {
-		deviceFlowInfo.SetLoginHint(hint)
-	}
+	deviceFlowInfo.SetLoginHint(hint)
 
 	return deviceFlowInfo, nil
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/pending_flow.go b/client/internal/auth/pending_flow.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..daeb18bc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/auth/pending_flow.go
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// PendingFlow stores an in-progress OAuth flow between the RPC that
+// initiates it (returns the verification URI to the UI) and the RPC
+// that waits for the user to complete it. The flow handle, the
+// device-code info, and the absolute expiry are kept together so the
+// waiting RPC can validate the device code and reuse the same flow.
+//
+// PendingFlow is safe for concurrent use; callers must not access the
+// stored fields directly.
+type PendingFlow struct {
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+	flow       OAuthFlow
+	info       AuthFlowInfo
+	expiresAt  time.Time
+	waitCancel context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+// NewPendingFlow returns an empty PendingFlow ready to be populated by Set.
+func NewPendingFlow() *PendingFlow {
+	return &PendingFlow{}
+}
+
+// Set stores the flow and its authorization info, computing the absolute
+// expiry from info.ExpiresIn (seconds, as returned by the IdP).
+func (p *PendingFlow) Set(flow OAuthFlow, info AuthFlowInfo) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	p.flow = flow
+	p.info = info
+	p.expiresAt = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(info.ExpiresIn) * time.Second)
+}
+
+// Get returns the stored flow, info, and whether a flow is currently
+// pending. Returns (nil, zero, false) after Clear or before Set.
+func (p *PendingFlow) Get() (OAuthFlow, AuthFlowInfo, bool) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	if p.flow == nil {
+		return nil, AuthFlowInfo{}, false
+	}
+	return p.flow, p.info, true
+}
+
+// ExpiresAt returns the absolute expiry of the pending flow. Returns
+// the zero time when no flow is pending.
+func (p *PendingFlow) ExpiresAt() time.Time {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	return p.expiresAt
+}
+
+// SetWaitCancel records the cancel function for the goroutine currently
+// blocked in WaitToken so a new RequestAuth can preempt it.
+func (p *PendingFlow) SetWaitCancel(cancel context.CancelFunc) {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	p.waitCancel = cancel
+}
+
+// CancelWait invokes and clears the stored wait-cancel, if any. Safe to
+// call when no wait is in progress.
+func (p *PendingFlow) CancelWait() {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	cancel := p.waitCancel
+	p.waitCancel = nil
+	p.mu.Unlock()
+	if cancel != nil {
+		cancel()
+	}
+}
+
+// Clear resets the pending flow to empty. Any stored wait-cancel is
+// dropped without being invoked — call CancelWait first if the waiting
+// goroutine must be stopped.
+func (p *PendingFlow) Clear() {
+	p.mu.Lock()
+	defer p.mu.Unlock()
+	p.flow = nil
+	p.info = AuthFlowInfo{}
+	p.expiresAt = time.Time{}
+	p.waitCancel = nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go b/client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go
index 2e16836d8..be64cc6a8 100644
--- a/client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go
+++ b/client/internal/auth/pkce_flow.go
@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@ func (p *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) WaitToken(ctx context.Context, info AuthFlowInfo
 	waitCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
+	log.Infof("pkce flow: waiting for authorization callback on %s, timeout %s", p.oAuthConfig.RedirectURL, timeout)
+
 	tokenChan := make(chan *oauth2.Token, 1)
 	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
 
@@ -221,6 +223,7 @@ func (p *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) WaitToken(ctx context.Context, info AuthFlowInfo
 func (p *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) startServer(server *http.Server, tokenChan chan<- *oauth2.Token, errChan chan<- error) {
 	mux := http.NewServeMux()
 	mux.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+		log.Infof("pkce flow: received authorization callback from IdP")
 		cert := p.providerConfig.ClientCertPair
 		if cert != nil {
 			tr := &http.Transport{
@@ -271,11 +274,18 @@ func (p *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) handleRequest(req *http.Request) (*oauth2.Token,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("authentication failed: missing code")
 	}
 
-	return p.oAuthConfig.Exchange(
+	exchangeStart := time.Now()
+	token, err := p.oAuthConfig.Exchange(
 		req.Context(),
 		code,
 		oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("code_verifier", p.codeVerifier),
 	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("pkce flow: authorization code exchanged for token in %s", time.Since(exchangeStart).Round(time.Millisecond))
+	return token, nil
 }
 
 func (p *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) parseOAuthToken(token *oauth2.Token) (TokenInfo, error) {
@@ -296,7 +306,7 @@ func (p *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) parseOAuthToken(token *oauth2.Token) (TokenInfo,
 		audience = p.providerConfig.ClientID
 	}
 
-	if err := isValidAccessToken(tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse(), audience); err != nil {
+	if err := validateTokenAudience(tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse(), audience); err != nil {
 		return TokenInfo{}, fmt.Errorf("authentication failed: invalid access token - %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -310,6 +320,11 @@ func (p *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) parseOAuthToken(token *oauth2.Token) (TokenInfo,
 	return tokenInfo, nil
 }
 
+// parseEmailFromIDToken extracts the email (or name) claim from an ID token
+// without verifying its signature. The value is best-effort and used only as a
+// UX convenience (login hint prefill and display); it never drives an
+// authorization decision. The authoritative identity is established server-side
+// from the signature-verified token.
 func parseEmailFromIDToken(token string) (string, error) {
 	parts := strings.Split(token, ".")
 	if len(parts) < 2 {
@@ -360,7 +375,13 @@ func isRedirectURLPortUsed(redirectURL string, excludedRanges []excludedPortRang
 		return true
 	}
 
-	addr := fmt.Sprintf(":%s", port)
+	// FreeBSD 15 disables connecting to INADDR_ANY (0.0.0.0) as a localhost
+	// alias by default, ensure explicit ip for localhost.
+	host := parsedURL.Hostname()
+	if host == "" {
+		host = "127.0.0.1"
+	}
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
 	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", addr, 3*time.Second)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch/event.go b/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch/event.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e55b26dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch/event.go
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package sessionwatch
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// internal event kinds are no longer exposed: the watcher drives the Sink
+// directly (NotifyStateChange on deadline change/clear, PublishEvent at
+// each warning lead). Tests use a mock Sink to observe what the watcher
+// emits.
+
+// Metadata keys attached by the daemon to session-warning SystemEvents.
+// The UI tray reads these to build a locale-aware notification without
+// relying on the daemon's locale-less UserMessage string, and to
+// disambiguate the T-WarningLead notification from the T-FinalWarningLead
+// fallback that auto-opens the SessionAboutToExpire dialog.
+const (
+	// MetaSessionWarning is set to "true" on both warning events (T-10 and
+	// T-2) so the UI can detect a session-warning SystemEvent without
+	// matching on the message text. Use MetaSessionFinal to distinguish
+	// the two.
+	MetaSessionWarning = "session_warning"
+	// MetaSessionFinal is set to "true" on the T-FinalWarningLead event
+	// only. Consumers that need to auto-open the SessionAboutToExpire
+	// dialog gate on this; T-WarningLead events leave the field unset.
+	MetaSessionFinal = "session_final_warning"
+	// MetaSessionExpiresAt carries the absolute UTC deadline encoded with
+	// FormatExpiresAt; consumers must decode with ParseExpiresAt so a
+	// future format change stays a single edit.
+	MetaSessionExpiresAt = "session_expires_at"
+	// MetaSessionLeadMinutes carries the lead in whole minutes (WarningLead
+	// for the T-10 event, FinalWarningLead for the T-2 event) so the UI
+	// can show "expires in ~N minutes" without hardcoding either constant.
+	MetaSessionLeadMinutes = "lead_minutes"
+	// MetaSessionDeadlineRejected is attached to the ERROR/AUTHENTICATION
+	// SystemEvent the daemon emits when it discards a deadline from the
+	// management server (pre-epoch, too far in the future, or past the
+	// clock-skew tolerance). The value is the rejection reason string.
+	// userMessage is left empty; the UI detects the event via this key
+	// and builds a localized notification — same pattern as the session
+	// warnings above.
+	MetaSessionDeadlineRejected = "session_deadline_rejected"
+)
+
+// expiresAtLayout is the wire format used for MetaSessionExpiresAt.
+// Producer and consumers both go through FormatExpiresAt/ParseExpiresAt
+// so this layout stays a single source of truth.
+const expiresAtLayout = time.RFC3339
+
+// FormatExpiresAt encodes a deadline for MetaSessionExpiresAt. Always
+// emits UTC so a consumer in another timezone reads the same wall-clock
+// deadline.
+func FormatExpiresAt(t time.Time) string {
+	return t.UTC().Format(expiresAtLayout)
+}
+
+// ParseExpiresAt decodes the MetaSessionExpiresAt value back to a UTC
+// time. Returns an error when the field is empty or malformed; the
+// caller decides whether to fall back (zero value) or propagate.
+func ParseExpiresAt(s string) (time.Time, error) {
+	t, err := time.Parse(expiresAtLayout, s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+	return t.UTC(), nil
+}
+
+// FormatLeadMinutes encodes a lead duration for MetaSessionLeadMinutes
+// as the integer count of whole minutes. Sub-minute residuals are
+// truncated — the field is informational ("expires in ~N minutes") and
+// fractional minutes don't change what the UI displays.
+func FormatLeadMinutes(d time.Duration) string {
+	return strconv.Itoa(int(d / time.Minute))
+}
+
+// ParseLeadMinutes decodes a MetaSessionLeadMinutes value. Returns 0
+// and the parse error for malformed input; consumers that prefer a
+// silent fallback can simply ignore the error.
+func ParseLeadMinutes(s string) (int, error) {
+	return strconv.Atoi(s)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch/watcher.go b/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch/watcher.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e685c28d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch/watcher.go
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+// Package sessionwatch tracks the SSO session expiry deadline that the
+// management server publishes via LoginResponse / SyncResponse and fires
+// two warning events at fixed lead times before expiry: an interactive
+// T-WarningLead notification and a dismiss-gated T-FinalWarningLead
+// fallback dialog.
+//
+// The watcher is idempotent: Update may be called as often as the network
+// map snapshots arrive. Repeating the same deadline is a no-op; a new
+// deadline reschedules the timers and arms a fresh warning cycle.
+//
+// Warning firing is edge-detected. Each unique deadline value fires each
+// warning callback at most once.
+package sessionwatch
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+const (
+	maxPastHorizon = 30 * 24 * time.Hour
+
+	// maxDeadlineHorizon caps how far in the future an accepted deadline
+	// can sit. A timestamp beyond this is almost certainly a protocol
+	// glitch, and silently arming a 100-year timer would hide the bug.
+	maxDeadlineHorizon = 10 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour
+
+	// WarningLead is how far before expiry the first (interactive)
+	// warning fires. Drives the T-10 OS notification with
+	// Extend/Dismiss actions.
+	WarningLead = 10 * time.Minute
+
+	// FinalWarningLead is how far before expiry the fallback final
+	// warning fires. Drives the auto-opened SessionAboutToExpire dialog,
+	// but only when the user has not dismissed the T-WarningLead warning
+	// for the same deadline. Must be strictly less than WarningLead.
+	FinalWarningLead = 2 * time.Minute
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrDeadlineBeforeEpoch is returned by Update when the supplied
+	// deadline pre-dates 1970-01-01.
+	ErrDeadlineBeforeEpoch = errors.New("session deadline before unix epoch")
+
+	// ErrDeadlineTooFarFuture is returned by Update when the supplied
+	// deadline is more than maxDeadlineHorizon in the future.
+	ErrDeadlineTooFarFuture = errors.New("session deadline too far in the future")
+
+	// ErrDeadlineInPast is returned by Update when the supplied deadline
+	// is more than maxPastHorizon in the past.
+	ErrDeadlineInPast = errors.New("session deadline in the past")
+)
+
+// StatusRecorder is the side-effect surface the watcher drives on every
+// state transition. Production wires this to peer.Status (SetSessionExpiresAt
+// for deadline change/clear, PublishEvent for the two warnings); tests pass
+// a fake recorder so the same surface is observable without an engine.
+//
+// While the watcher runs, it owns the deadline propagated to the recorder:
+// every set, clear and sanity-check rejection routes the value through
+// SetSessionExpiresAt, so the SubscribeStatus snapshot the UI reads can
+// never drift from the watcher's timer state. (SetSessionExpiresAt fans
+// out its own state-change notification, so no separate notify is needed.)
+// The recorder is server-scoped and outlives this engine-scoped watcher;
+// Close deliberately leaves the recorder value in place so transient engine
+// restarts don't blank it — the client run loop clears it on real teardown.
+//
+// PublishEvent's signature mirrors peer.Status.PublishEvent: the watcher
+// composes the metadata internally so the wire format (MetaSession*) is
+// owned by sessionwatch, not the caller.
+type StatusRecorder interface {
+	SetSessionExpiresAt(deadline time.Time)
+	PublishEvent(
+		severity cProto.SystemEvent_Severity,
+		category cProto.SystemEvent_Category,
+		message string,
+		userMessage string,
+		metadata map[string]string,
+	)
+}
+
+// Watcher observes the latest session deadline and fires two warnings
+// before it expires: the interactive T-WarningLead notification, and the
+// fallback T-FinalWarningLead dialog (suppressed when the user dismissed
+// the first one for the same deadline). Safe for concurrent use.
+type Watcher struct {
+	lead      time.Duration
+	finalLead time.Duration
+
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	current      time.Time
+	timer        *time.Timer
+	finalTimer   *time.Timer
+	firedAt      time.Time // deadline value the T-WarningLead callback last fired against
+	finalFiredAt time.Time // deadline value the T-FinalWarningLead callback last fired against
+	dismissedAt  time.Time // deadline value the user dismissed via Dismiss(); gates fireFinal
+	closed       bool
+	recorder     StatusRecorder
+}
+
+// New returns a watcher with the package defaults WarningLead and
+// FinalWarningLead. Pass nil for recorder to silence side effects (handy
+// in unit tests that exercise sanity checks without observing the publish
+// path).
+func New(recorder StatusRecorder) *Watcher {
+	return NewWithLeads(WarningLead, FinalWarningLead, recorder)
+}
+
+// NewWithLeads returns a watcher with custom lead times. Useful for tests.
+// final must be strictly less than lead; otherwise both timers fire in the
+// wrong order or simultaneously and the UI flow breaks. A zero final lead
+// disables the final-warning timer entirely (see armTimerLocked) so a
+// millisecond-scale deadline doesn't flush both timers in one tick.
+func NewWithLeads(lead, final time.Duration, recorder StatusRecorder) *Watcher {
+	return &Watcher{
+		lead:      lead,
+		finalLead: final,
+		recorder:  recorder,
+	}
+}
+
+// Update sets the latest deadline. Pass the zero time to clear (e.g. when
+// a Sync push from the server omits the field because login expiration
+// was disabled).
+//
+// Same-value updates are no-ops. A different non-zero value cancels any
+// pending timer, resets the "already fired" guards, and — when the
+// deadline lies in the future — arms fresh warning timers. A deadline
+// already in the past (within maxPastHorizon) is recorded as-is with no
+// timers: the session has expired and consumers render it that way.
+//
+// Returns one of the sentinel Err* values when the deadline fails the
+// sanity checks (pre-epoch, far future, or past beyond maxPastHorizon).
+// In every error case the watcher first clears its state so it stays
+// consistent with what the caller will push into its other sinks (e.g.
+// applySessionDeadline forces a zero deadline into the status recorder
+// after a non-nil error).
+func (w *Watcher) Update(deadline time.Time) error {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	if w.closed {
+		w.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		w.clearLocked()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	switch {
+	case deadline.Before(time.Unix(0, 0)):
+		w.clearLocked()
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrDeadlineBeforeEpoch, deadline)
+	case deadline.After(now.Add(maxDeadlineHorizon)):
+		w.clearLocked()
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrDeadlineTooFarFuture, deadline)
+	case deadline.Before(now.Add(-maxPastHorizon)):
+		w.clearLocked()
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v (now=%v)", ErrDeadlineInPast, deadline, now)
+	}
+
+	if deadline.Equal(w.current) {
+		w.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	w.stopTimerLocked()
+	w.current = deadline
+	// Reset every per-deadline guard so a refreshed deadline arms a fresh
+	// warning cycle: both edge triggers and the user Dismiss decision
+	// (the user agreed to the old deadline expiring; a new deadline
+	// restarts the contract).
+	w.firedAt = time.Time{}
+	w.finalFiredAt = time.Time{}
+	w.dismissedAt = time.Time{}
+
+	if deadline.After(now) {
+		w.armTimerLocked(deadline)
+	}
+	recorder := w.recorder
+	w.mu.Unlock()
+	if recorder != nil {
+		recorder.SetSessionExpiresAt(deadline)
+	}
+	log.Infof("auth session deadline set to: %s (in %s)", deadline.Format(time.RFC3339), time.Until(deadline).Round(time.Second))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Deadline returns the most recently observed deadline. Zero when no
+// deadline is currently tracked.
+func (w *Watcher) Deadline() time.Time {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+	return w.current
+}
+
+// Dismiss records the user's "Dismiss" action against the current deadline
+// and suppresses the upcoming final-warning callback for that deadline.
+// Idempotent: repeated calls are no-ops. A subsequent Update with a fresh
+// deadline resets the dismissal so the final-warning cycle re-arms.
+//
+// No-op when the watcher holds no deadline or has been closed.
+func (w *Watcher) Dismiss() {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+	if w.closed || w.current.IsZero() {
+		return
+	}
+	if w.dismissedAt.Equal(w.current) {
+		return
+	}
+	w.dismissedAt = w.current
+	// Cancel the armed final-warning timer eagerly. fireFinal would also
+	// gate on dismissedAt, but stopping the timer avoids a wakeup with
+	// nothing to do and makes the intent visible.
+	if w.finalTimer != nil {
+		w.finalTimer.Stop()
+		w.finalTimer = nil
+	}
+	log.Infof("auth session final-warning dismissed for deadline %s", w.current.Format(time.RFC3339))
+}
+
+// Close stops any pending timer. Update calls after Close are ignored.
+// The recorder keeps its deadline: the watcher is engine-scoped and closes
+// on every engine restart (network change, sleep/wake, stream errors)
+// while the SSO deadline stays valid across those, so clearing here would
+// blank the UI's "expires in" row on every transient reconnect. The
+// client run loop clears the server-scoped recorder when it exits for
+// real (Down, profile switch, permanent login failure).
+func (w *Watcher) Close() {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+	if w.closed {
+		return
+	}
+	w.closed = true
+	w.stopTimerLocked()
+	w.current = time.Time{}
+	w.firedAt = time.Time{}
+	w.finalFiredAt = time.Time{}
+	w.dismissedAt = time.Time{}
+}
+
+// clearLocked drops the tracked deadline and notifies the recorder so
+// downstream consumers (SubscribeStatus stream, UI) drop their anchor.
+// The caller must hold w.mu; this helper releases it before invoking
+// the recorder.
+func (w *Watcher) clearLocked() {
+	if w.current.IsZero() {
+		w.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	w.stopTimerLocked()
+	w.current = time.Time{}
+	w.firedAt = time.Time{}
+	w.finalFiredAt = time.Time{}
+	w.dismissedAt = time.Time{}
+	recorder := w.recorder
+	w.mu.Unlock()
+	if recorder != nil {
+		recorder.SetSessionExpiresAt(time.Time{})
+	}
+	log.Infof("auth session deadline cleared")
+}
+
+func (w *Watcher) stopTimerLocked() {
+	if w.timer != nil {
+		w.timer.Stop()
+		w.timer = nil
+	}
+	if w.finalTimer != nil {
+		w.finalTimer.Stop()
+		w.finalTimer = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *Watcher) armTimerLocked(deadline time.Time) {
+	w.timer = armOneShotLocked(deadline.Add(-w.lead), func() { w.fire(deadline) })
+	// finalLead <= 0 disables the final-warning timer entirely. Used by
+	// tests that predate the final-warning fallback so a millisecond-scale
+	// deadline does not flush both timers at once.
+	if w.finalLead > 0 {
+		w.finalTimer = armOneShotLocked(deadline.Add(-w.finalLead), func() { w.fireFinal(deadline) })
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *Watcher) fire(armedFor time.Time) {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	if w.closed || !w.current.Equal(armedFor) {
+		// Deadline moved while we were waiting (e.g. a successful extend).
+		// The reschedule path armed a fresh timer; this one is stale.
+		w.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	if !w.firedAt.IsZero() && w.firedAt.Equal(armedFor) {
+		w.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	w.firedAt = armedFor
+	recorder := w.recorder
+	w.mu.Unlock()
+	if recorder == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	log.Infof("auth session expiry soon warning fired")
+	publishWarning(recorder, armedFor, false)
+}
+
+// fireFinal mirrors fire for the T-FinalWarningLead timer with an extra
+// dismiss-gate: if the user dismissed the T-WarningLead notification for
+// this deadline, the final warning is suppressed entirely.
+func (w *Watcher) fireFinal(armedFor time.Time) {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	if w.closed || !w.current.Equal(armedFor) {
+		w.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	if !w.finalFiredAt.IsZero() && w.finalFiredAt.Equal(armedFor) {
+		w.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	if w.dismissedAt.Equal(armedFor) {
+		w.mu.Unlock()
+		log.Infof("auth session final-warning skipped (dismissed by user)")
+		return
+	}
+	w.finalFiredAt = armedFor
+	recorder := w.recorder
+	w.mu.Unlock()
+	if recorder == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	log.Infof("auth session final-warning fired")
+	publishWarning(recorder, armedFor, true)
+}
+
+// armOneShotLocked schedules cb at fireAt. When fireAt is already in the
+// past it dispatches on the next scheduler tick so a state-change recorder
+// notification (invoked after w.mu is released) lands first. Caller must
+// hold w.mu.
+func armOneShotLocked(fireAt time.Time, cb func()) *time.Timer {
+	delay := time.Until(fireAt)
+	if delay <= 0 {
+		return time.AfterFunc(0, cb)
+	}
+	return time.AfterFunc(delay, cb)
+}
+
+// publishWarning composes the SystemEvent for a watcher-fired warning and
+// pushes it through the recorder. Severity is CRITICAL on both — bypassing
+// the user's Notifications toggle is deliberate: missing the warning
+// window forces the post-mortem SessionExpired flow (tunnel torn down,
+// lock icon, manual re-login), which is the UX we are trying to avoid.
+func publishWarning(recorder StatusRecorder, deadline time.Time, final bool) {
+	lead := WarningLead
+	message := "session expiry warning"
+	meta := map[string]string{
+		MetaSessionWarning:   "true",
+		MetaSessionExpiresAt: FormatExpiresAt(deadline),
+	}
+	if final {
+		lead = FinalWarningLead
+		message = "session expiry final warning"
+		meta[MetaSessionFinal] = "true"
+	}
+	meta[MetaSessionLeadMinutes] = FormatLeadMinutes(lead)
+
+	recorder.PublishEvent(
+		cProto.SystemEvent_CRITICAL,
+		cProto.SystemEvent_AUTHENTICATION,
+		message,
+		"",
+		meta,
+	)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch/watcher_test.go b/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch/watcher_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b49a94b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch/watcher_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+package sessionwatch
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// fakeRecorder satisfies StatusRecorder and records every call so tests
+// can observe what the watcher emits. SetSessionExpiresAt and PublishEvent
+// land in the same ordered events slice (with the Kind distinguishing
+// them) so tests that care about ordering still work. lastDeadline holds
+// the most recent value passed to SetSessionExpiresAt so tests can assert
+// the recorder ended up cleared/set as expected.
+type fakeRecorder struct {
+	mu           sync.Mutex
+	events       []event
+	lastDeadline time.Time
+}
+
+type eventKind int
+
+const (
+	stateChange eventKind = iota
+	publish
+)
+
+type event struct {
+	kind eventKind
+	// Set only for publish events.
+	severity cProto.SystemEvent_Severity
+	category cProto.SystemEvent_Category
+	message  string
+	meta     map[string]string
+}
+
+// SetSessionExpiresAt mirrors peer.Status: a same-value write is a no-op,
+// a real change records the new value and fans out a state-change (the
+// production recorder calls notifyStateChange internally). The baseline
+// is the zero time, so an initial clear before any deadline is set emits
+// nothing — matching the real recorder.
+func (r *fakeRecorder) SetSessionExpiresAt(deadline time.Time) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	if r.lastDeadline.Equal(deadline) {
+		return
+	}
+	r.lastDeadline = deadline
+	r.events = append(r.events, event{kind: stateChange})
+}
+
+func (r *fakeRecorder) deadline() time.Time {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	return r.lastDeadline
+}
+
+func (r *fakeRecorder) PublishEvent(
+	severity cProto.SystemEvent_Severity,
+	category cProto.SystemEvent_Category,
+	message string,
+	_ string,
+	metadata map[string]string,
+) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	r.events = append(r.events, event{
+		kind:     publish,
+		severity: severity,
+		category: category,
+		message:  message,
+		meta:     metadata,
+	})
+}
+
+func (r *fakeRecorder) snapshot() []event {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]event, len(r.events))
+	copy(out, r.events)
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e event) isFinalWarning() bool {
+	return e.kind == publish && e.meta[MetaSessionFinal] == "true"
+}
+
+func (e event) isWarning() bool {
+	return e.kind == publish && e.meta[MetaSessionWarning] == "true" && e.meta[MetaSessionFinal] != "true"
+}
+
+func countWhere(events []event, pred func(event) bool) int {
+	n := 0
+	for _, e := range events {
+		if pred(e) {
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func waitForEvents(t *testing.T, r *fakeRecorder, want int) []event {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if got := r.snapshot(); len(got) >= want {
+			return got
+		}
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	got := r.snapshot()
+	t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for %d events, got %d: %+v", want, len(got), got)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// newWatcher builds a watcher with the final timer disabled (finalLead=0),
+// matching the lead-only behaviour the pre-final-warning tests assume.
+func newWatcher(lead time.Duration, r *fakeRecorder) *Watcher {
+	return NewWithLeads(lead, 0, r)
+}
+
+func TestUpdateZeroBeforeAnythingIsNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(50*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	_ = w.Update(time.Time{})
+
+	if got := r.snapshot(); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no events on initial zero, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateNonZeroFiresStateChange(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(50*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	d := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+
+	events := waitForEvents(t, r, 1)
+	if events[0].kind != stateChange {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stateChange, got %+v", events[0])
+	}
+	if !w.Deadline().Equal(d) {
+		t.Fatalf("deadline mismatch: %v vs %v", w.Deadline(), d)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSameDeadlineIsNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(50*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	d := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+
+	events := waitForEvents(t, r, 1)
+	if len(events) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 event for repeated same deadline, got %d: %+v", len(events), events)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWarningFiresOnceWithinLeadWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	lead := 50 * time.Millisecond
+	w := newWatcher(lead, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	// Deadline 80ms out — warning should fire after ~30ms.
+	d := time.Now().Add(80 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+
+	events := waitForEvents(t, r, 2)
+	if events[0].kind != stateChange {
+		t.Fatalf("event[0] should be stateChange, got %+v", events[0])
+	}
+	if !events[1].isWarning() {
+		t.Fatalf("event[1] should be a warning publish, got %+v", events[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWarningFiresImmediatelyWhenAlreadyInsideWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(time.Hour, r) // lead > delta => fire immediately
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	d := time.Now().Add(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+
+	events := waitForEvents(t, r, 2)
+	if !events[1].isWarning() {
+		t.Fatalf("expected immediate warning publish, got %+v", events[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewDeadlineCancelsPriorTimer(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	lead := 50 * time.Millisecond
+	w := newWatcher(lead, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	first := time.Now().Add(80 * time.Millisecond) // would fire warning ~30ms in
+	_ = w.Update(first)
+
+	// Replace with a far-future deadline before the warning fires.
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	second := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+	_ = w.Update(second)
+
+	// Wait past when first's warning would have fired.
+	time.Sleep(80 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	if n := countWhere(r.snapshot(), event.isWarning); n != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("warning fired for cancelled deadline: %+v", r.snapshot())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRefreshAfterFireArmsNewWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	lead := 150 * time.Millisecond
+	w := newWatcher(lead, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	// Warning fires ~20ms in; the deadline itself stays 150ms away so the
+	// replacement below lands well before it.
+	first := time.Now().Add(170 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Update(first)
+
+	// Wait for stateChange + warning of the first cycle.
+	waitForEvents(t, r, 2)
+
+	// Simulate a successful extend: brand new deadline.
+	second := time.Now().Add(60 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Update(second)
+
+	// 4 events total: stateChange, warning (first), stateChange, warning (second).
+	events := waitForEvents(t, r, 4)
+	if events[2].kind != stateChange {
+		t.Fatalf("event[2] should be stateChange for the new deadline, got %+v", events[2])
+	}
+	if !events[3].isWarning() {
+		t.Fatalf("event[3] should be a warning publish for the new deadline, got %+v", events[3])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateZeroAfterNonZeroClearsState(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(time.Hour, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	d := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+	waitForEvents(t, r, 1)
+
+	_ = w.Update(time.Time{})
+
+	events := waitForEvents(t, r, 2)
+	if events[1].kind != stateChange {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stateChange on clear, got %+v", events[1])
+	}
+	if !w.Deadline().IsZero() {
+		t.Fatalf("Deadline should be zero after clear")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRejectsBeforeEpoch(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(50*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	good := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+	if err := w.Update(good); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed Update: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err := w.Update(time.Unix(-100, 0))
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrDeadlineBeforeEpoch) {
+		t.Fatalf("want ErrDeadlineBeforeEpoch, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !w.Deadline().IsZero() {
+		t.Fatalf("rejected pre-epoch update must clear deadline; got %v", w.Deadline())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRejectsTooFarFuture(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(50*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	good := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+	if err := w.Update(good); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed Update: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	err := w.Update(time.Now().Add(50 * 365 * 24 * time.Hour))
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrDeadlineTooFarFuture) {
+		t.Fatalf("want ErrDeadlineTooFarFuture, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !w.Deadline().IsZero() {
+		t.Fatalf("rejected far-future update must clear deadline; got %v", w.Deadline())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRecentPastRecordedAsExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(50*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	d := time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)
+	if err := w.Update(d); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("recent-past Update should succeed, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !w.Deadline().Equal(d) {
+		t.Fatalf("expected deadline to be recorded, got %v want %v", w.Deadline(), d)
+	}
+	if got := r.deadline(); !got.Equal(d) {
+		t.Fatalf("recorder deadline = %v, want %v", got, d)
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(80 * time.Millisecond)
+	if n := countWhere(r.snapshot(), func(e event) bool { return e.kind == publish }); n != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("no warning events may fire for an already-past deadline, got %+v", r.snapshot())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateAncientPastRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(50*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	good := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+	if err := w.Update(good); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed Update: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Drain the stateChange from the seed.
+	waitForEvents(t, r, 1)
+
+	err := w.Update(time.Now().Add(-31 * 24 * time.Hour))
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrDeadlineInPast) {
+		t.Fatalf("want ErrDeadlineInPast, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !w.Deadline().IsZero() {
+		t.Fatalf("rejected ancient-past update must clear the deadline, got %v", w.Deadline())
+	}
+	events := waitForEvents(t, r, 2)
+	if events[1].kind != stateChange {
+		t.Fatalf("expected stateChange on clear, got %+v", events[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCloseSilencesUpdates(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(50*time.Millisecond, r)
+	w.Close()
+
+	if err := w.Update(time.Now().Add(time.Hour)); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Update after Close: want nil, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := r.snapshot(); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no events after Close, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCloseKeepsRecorderDeadline pins the reconnect-flap fix: the watcher
+// closes on every engine restart (network change, sleep/wake) while the
+// SSO deadline stays valid across those, so Close must leave the
+// server-scoped recorder's value in place. The client run loop clears the
+// recorder when it exits for real.
+func TestCloseKeepsRecorderDeadline(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(time.Hour, r)
+
+	d := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour)
+	if err := w.Update(d); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seed Update: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := r.deadline(); !got.Equal(d) {
+		t.Fatalf("recorder deadline after Update = %v, want %v", got, d)
+	}
+
+	w.Close()
+
+	if got := r.deadline(); !got.Equal(d) {
+		t.Fatalf("recorder deadline after Close = %v, want %v", got, d)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCloseWithoutDeadlineLeavesRecorderUntouched guards the symmetric
+// case: closing a watcher that never held a deadline must not emit a
+// redundant clear (the recorder may legitimately hold a value written by
+// some other path; the watcher only owns what it set).
+func TestCloseWithoutDeadlineLeavesRecorderUntouched(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := newWatcher(time.Hour, r)
+
+	w.Close()
+
+	if got := r.snapshot(); len(got) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no events from Close on an empty watcher, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFinalWarningFiresAfterRegularWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	// Warning fires at deadline-80ms, final at deadline-30ms.
+	w := NewWithLeads(80*time.Millisecond, 30*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	d := time.Now().Add(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+
+	// Expect stateChange + warning + final-warning.
+	events := waitForEvents(t, r, 3)
+
+	if countWhere(events, func(e event) bool { return e.kind == stateChange }) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 stateChange, got %+v", events)
+	}
+	if countWhere(events, event.isWarning) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 warning publish, got %+v", events)
+	}
+	if countWhere(events, event.isFinalWarning) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 final-warning publish, got %+v", events)
+	}
+
+	// Warning must precede final (same deadline, longer lead fires first).
+	var wIdx, fIdx int
+	for i, e := range events {
+		switch {
+		case e.isWarning():
+			wIdx = i
+		case e.isFinalWarning():
+			fIdx = i
+		}
+	}
+	if wIdx > fIdx {
+		t.Fatalf("warning must publish before final-warning, got order %+v", events)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDismissSuppressesFinalWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := NewWithLeads(80*time.Millisecond, 30*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	d := time.Now().Add(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+
+	// Wait for the warning publish so we know we're inside the warning
+	// window, then dismiss before the final timer would fire.
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if countWhere(r.snapshot(), event.isWarning) >= 1 {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(2 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	if countWhere(r.snapshot(), event.isWarning) < 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("warning did not publish in time, events=%+v", r.snapshot())
+	}
+
+	w.Dismiss()
+
+	// Now wait past when the final would have fired.
+	time.Sleep(120 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	if n := countWhere(r.snapshot(), event.isFinalWarning); n != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("final-warning published after Dismiss(), events=%+v", r.snapshot())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDismissResetByNewDeadline(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := NewWithLeads(80*time.Millisecond, 30*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	first := time.Now().Add(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Update(first)
+
+	// Dismiss against the first deadline.
+	w.Dismiss()
+
+	// Replace with a fresh deadline before the first's timers complete.
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	second := time.Now().Add(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Update(second)
+
+	// The second cycle must publish a final-warning (the dismiss state
+	// did not carry over).
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if countWhere(r.snapshot(), event.isFinalWarning) >= 1 {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	if countWhere(r.snapshot(), event.isFinalWarning) < 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("final-warning did not publish on fresh deadline after Dismiss reset, events=%+v", r.snapshot())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDismissBeforeUpdateIsNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &fakeRecorder{}
+	w := NewWithLeads(80*time.Millisecond, 30*time.Millisecond, r)
+	defer w.Close()
+
+	// No deadline tracked yet; Dismiss must be a no-op (no panic, no state).
+	w.Dismiss()
+
+	d := time.Now().Add(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Update(d)
+
+	// Final warning should still publish — Dismiss only acts on the current
+	// deadline, and there was none at the time of the call.
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if countWhere(r.snapshot(), event.isFinalWarning) >= 1 {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("final-warning did not publish after no-op pre-Update Dismiss, events=%+v", r.snapshot())
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/util.go b/client/internal/auth/util.go
index 31c81d701..1800584a2 100644
--- a/client/internal/auth/util.go
+++ b/client/internal/auth/util.go
@@ -20,14 +20,26 @@ func randomBytesInHex(count int) (string, error) {
 	return hex.EncodeToString(buf), nil
 }
 
-// isValidAccessToken is a simple validation of the access token
-func isValidAccessToken(token string, audience string) error {
+// validateTokenAudience checks that the token is a well-formed JWT whose
+// audience claim matches the expected audience.
+//
+// It does NOT verify the token's cryptographic signature and therefore must not
+// be treated as an authenticity check. The token is obtained by the client
+// directly from the IdP token endpoint over TLS, and its signature is verified
+// server-side by the management server against the IdP's JWKS
+// (see shared/auth/jwt/validator.go). This function is only a client-side
+// sanity check that the returned token targets the expected audience.
+func validateTokenAudience(token string, audience string) error {
 	if token == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("token received is empty")
 	}
 
-	encodedClaims := strings.Split(token, ".")[1]
-	claimsString, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(encodedClaims)
+	parts := strings.Split(token, ".")
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("token is not a well-formed JWT")
+	}
+
+	claimsString, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(parts[1])
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/auth/util_test.go b/client/internal/auth/util_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f225bb86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/auth/util_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// makeJWT builds an unsigned JWT-shaped string (header.payload.signature) with
+// the given claims payload. The signature part is arbitrary because
+// validateTokenAudience intentionally does not verify it.
+func makeJWT(t *testing.T, claims map[string]interface{}) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	header := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(`{"alg":"RS256","typ":"JWT"}`))
+	payloadBytes, err := json.Marshal(claims)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal claims: %v", err)
+	}
+	payload := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(payloadBytes)
+	return header + "." + payload + ".unverified-signature"
+}
+
+func TestValidateTokenAudience(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		token    string
+		audience string
+		wantErr  bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty token",
+			token:    "",
+			audience: "netbird",
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "not a JWT - no dots",
+			token:    "notajwt",
+			audience: "netbird",
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "not a JWT - two parts only",
+			token:    "header.payload",
+			audience: "netbird",
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "matching string audience",
+			token:    makeJWT(t, map[string]interface{}{"aud": "netbird"}),
+			audience: "netbird",
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "mismatching string audience",
+			token:    makeJWT(t, map[string]interface{}{"aud": "other"}),
+			audience: "netbird",
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "matching audience in array",
+			token:    makeJWT(t, map[string]interface{}{"aud": []interface{}{"other", "netbird"}}),
+			audience: "netbird",
+			wantErr:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "mismatching audience array",
+			token:    makeJWT(t, map[string]interface{}{"aud": []interface{}{"a", "b"}}),
+			audience: "netbird",
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "missing audience claim",
+			token:    makeJWT(t, map[string]interface{}{"sub": "user"}),
+			audience: "netbird",
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "invalid base64 payload",
+			token:    "header.!!!not-base64!!!.sig",
+			audience: "netbird",
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := validateTokenAudience(tc.token, tc.audience)
+			if tc.wantErr && err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error, got nil")
+			}
+			if !tc.wantErr && err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected no error, got %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestValidateTokenAudienceNoPanic guards the regression where a non-empty
+// token without the JWT dot structure caused an index-out-of-range panic.
+func TestValidateTokenAudienceNoPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	inputs := []string{"a", ".", "a.", "aaaa", "no-dots-here"}
+	for _, in := range inputs {
+		if err := validateTokenAudience(in, "netbird"); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected error for malformed token %q, got nil", in)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/conn_mgr.go b/client/internal/conn_mgr.go
index 112559132..8b01eabcf 100644
--- a/client/internal/conn_mgr.go
+++ b/client/internal/conn_mgr.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package internal
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"maps"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
@@ -14,6 +15,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peerstore"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// lazyForce is the resolved local decision for lazy connections, layered above the
+// management feature flag. lazyForceNone defers to management.
+type lazyForce int
+
+const (
+	lazyForceNone lazyForce = iota
+	lazyForceOn
+	lazyForceOff
 )
 
 // ConnMgr coordinates both lazy connections (established on-demand) and permanent peer connections.
@@ -24,86 +36,97 @@ import (
 // - Handling connection establishment based on peer signaling
 //
 // The implementation is not thread-safe; it is protected by engine.syncMsgMux.
+// The only exception is ActivatePeer, which is safe for concurrent use so the
+// DNS warm-up path can call it without contending on the engine mutex.
 type ConnMgr struct {
-	peerStore        *peerstore.Store
-	statusRecorder   *peer.Status
-	iface            lazyconn.WGIface
-	enabledLocally   bool
-	rosenpassEnabled bool
+	peerStore      *peerstore.Store
+	statusRecorder *peer.Status
+	iface          lazyconn.WGIface
+	force          lazyForce
+	// remoteLazyEnabled caches the account-wide lazy feature flag from management.
+	// It is the default for peers that do not carry a per-peer lazy hint.
+	remoteLazyEnabled bool
 
 	lazyConnMgr *manager.Manager
+	// lazyConnMgrMu guards the lazyConnMgr pointer for readers outside the
+	// engine loop (ActivatePeer). Writers hold it in addition to
+	// engine.syncMsgMux; all other reads stay under engine.syncMsgMux only.
+	lazyConnMgrMu sync.RWMutex
+
+	// reconcileRoutedIPs re-applies a peer's routed allowed IPs after its lazy wake endpoint is
+	// (re)armed (Mode A at arm time). Injected by the engine; nil disables the reconcile.
+	reconcileRoutedIPs func(peerKey string) error
+
+	// appliedExcludeList is the exclude set last handed to the lazy manager, kept so an
+	// unchanged set on the next sync skips the O(n) reconciliation.
+	appliedExcludeList map[string]bool
 
 	wg            sync.WaitGroup
 	lazyCtx       context.Context
 	lazyCtxCancel context.CancelFunc
 }
 
+// SetRoutedIPsReconciler injects the callback used to re-apply a peer's routed allowed IPs when
+// its lazy wake endpoint is (re)armed. Must be called before the lazy manager starts.
+func (e *ConnMgr) SetRoutedIPsReconciler(fn func(peerKey string) error) {
+	e.reconcileRoutedIPs = fn
+}
+
 func NewConnMgr(engineConfig *EngineConfig, statusRecorder *peer.Status, peerStore *peerstore.Store, iface lazyconn.WGIface) *ConnMgr {
 	e := &ConnMgr{
-		peerStore:        peerStore,
-		statusRecorder:   statusRecorder,
-		iface:            iface,
-		rosenpassEnabled: engineConfig.RosenpassEnabled,
-	}
-	if engineConfig.LazyConnectionEnabled || lazyconn.IsLazyConnEnabledByEnv() {
-		e.enabledLocally = true
+		peerStore:      peerStore,
+		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
+		iface:          iface,
+		force:          resolveLazyForce(engineConfig.LazyConnection),
 	}
 	return e
 }
 
-// Start initializes the connection manager and starts the lazy connection manager if enabled by env var or cmd line option.
+// Start initializes the connection manager. The lazy connection manager always runs so that
+// per-peer lazy defaults (e.g. proxy peers) work even when the account flag is off; the
+// account flag and the local override decide the default lazy state per peer (see
+// PeerLazyDefault). Rosenpass peers stay lazy-capable too: their connections just never idle
+// on their own, since rosenpass rekey traffic keeps them active.
 func (e *ConnMgr) Start(ctx context.Context) {
 	if e.lazyConnMgr != nil {
 		log.Errorf("lazy connection manager is already started")
 		return
 	}
 
-	if !e.enabledLocally {
-		log.Infof("lazy connection manager is disabled")
-		return
-	}
-
-	if e.rosenpassEnabled {
-		log.Warnf("rosenpass connection manager is enabled, lazy connection manager will not be started")
-		return
-	}
-
 	e.initLazyManager(ctx)
-	e.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(true)
+	e.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(e.PeerLazyDefault(mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateDefault))
 }
 
-// UpdatedRemoteFeatureFlag is called when the remote feature flag is updated.
-// If enabled, it initializes the lazy connection manager and start it. Do not need to call Start() again.
-// If disabled, then it closes the lazy connection manager and open the connections to all peers.
-func (e *ConnMgr) UpdatedRemoteFeatureFlag(ctx context.Context, enabled bool) error {
-	// do not disable lazy connection manager if it was enabled by env var
-	if e.enabledLocally {
-		return nil
+// UpdatedRemoteFeatureFlag caches the account-wide lazy feature flag. The manager itself is
+// not started or stopped here; the per-sync exclude-list reconciliation moves normal peers
+// between the lazy and always-active sets when the flag flips.
+func (e *ConnMgr) UpdatedRemoteFeatureFlag(_ context.Context, enabled bool) error {
+	e.remoteLazyEnabled = enabled
+	if e.isStartedWithLazyMgr() {
+		e.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(e.PeerLazyDefault(mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateDefault))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// PeerLazyDefault reports whether a peer should be lazy. The local override
+// (NB_LAZY_CONN/MDM) wins over everything; without a local override the
+// management per-peer state applies (LazyStateLazy/Eager force the decision),
+// and LazyStateDefault follows the account-wide flag.
+func (e *ConnMgr) PeerLazyDefault(state mgmProto.LazyState) bool {
+	switch e.force {
+	case lazyForceOn:
+		return true
+	case lazyForceOff:
+		return false
 	}
 
-	if enabled {
-		// if the lazy connection manager is already started, do not start it again
-		if e.lazyConnMgr != nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		if e.rosenpassEnabled {
-			log.Infof("rosenpass connection manager is enabled, lazy connection manager will not be started")
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		log.Warnf("lazy connection manager is enabled by management feature flag")
-		e.initLazyManager(ctx)
-		e.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(true)
-		return e.addPeersToLazyConnManager()
-	} else {
-		if e.lazyConnMgr == nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-		log.Infof("lazy connection manager is disabled by management feature flag")
-		e.closeManager(ctx)
-		e.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(false)
-		return nil
+	switch state {
+	case mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateLazy:
+		return true
+	case mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateEager:
+		return false
+	default:
+		return e.remoteLazyEnabled
 	}
 }
 
@@ -123,6 +146,13 @@ func (e *ConnMgr) SetExcludeList(ctx context.Context, peerIDs map[string]bool) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// The exclude set is recomputed every sync but rarely changes; skip the O(n)
+	// store lookups and reconciliation when it matches what was already applied.
+	if maps.Equal(peerIDs, e.appliedExcludeList) {
+		return
+	}
+	e.appliedExcludeList = maps.Clone(peerIDs)
+
 	excludedPeers := make([]lazyconn.PeerConfig, 0, len(peerIDs))
 
 	for peerID := range peerIDs {
@@ -158,12 +188,16 @@ func (e *ConnMgr) SetExcludeList(ctx context.Context, peerIDs map[string]bool) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (e *ConnMgr) AddPeerConn(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, conn *peer.Conn) (exists bool) {
+// AddPeerConn registers a peer connection. permanent requests an always-active connection
+// (the peer belongs to the exclude set: a forwarder, or a peer that is not lazy by policy).
+// Non-permanent peers are handed to the lazy manager. The subsequent SetExcludeList call
+// reconciles membership for existing peers across flag flips.
+func (e *ConnMgr) AddPeerConn(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, conn *peer.Conn, permanent bool) (exists bool) {
 	if success := e.peerStore.AddPeerConn(peerKey, conn); !success {
 		return true
 	}
 
-	if !e.isStartedWithLazyMgr() {
+	if !e.isStartedWithLazyMgr() || permanent {
 		if err := conn.Open(ctx); err != nil {
 			conn.Log.Errorf("failed to open connection: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -220,12 +254,20 @@ func (e *ConnMgr) RemovePeerConn(peerKey string) {
 	conn.Log.Infof("removed peer from lazy conn manager")
 }
 
+// ActivatePeer wakes an idle lazy connection. Unlike the rest of ConnMgr it is
+// safe for concurrent use: the lazy manager pointer is read under lazyConnMgrMu
+// and the manager itself is internally synchronized, so callers outside the
+// engine loop (DNS warm-up) do not need engine.syncMsgMux.
 func (e *ConnMgr) ActivatePeer(ctx context.Context, conn *peer.Conn) {
-	if !e.isStartedWithLazyMgr() {
+	e.lazyConnMgrMu.RLock()
+	lazyConnMgr := e.lazyConnMgr
+	started := lazyConnMgr != nil && e.lazyCtxCancel != nil
+	e.lazyConnMgrMu.RUnlock()
+	if !started {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if found := e.lazyConnMgr.ActivatePeer(conn.GetKey()); found {
+	if found := lazyConnMgr.ActivatePeer(conn.GetKey()); found {
 		if err := conn.Open(ctx); err != nil {
 			conn.Log.Errorf("failed to open connection: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -250,16 +292,26 @@ func (e *ConnMgr) Close() {
 
 	e.lazyCtxCancel()
 	e.wg.Wait()
+
+	e.lazyConnMgrMu.Lock()
 	e.lazyConnMgr = nil
+	e.lazyConnMgrMu.Unlock()
+
+	e.appliedExcludeList = nil
 }
 
 func (e *ConnMgr) initLazyManager(engineCtx context.Context) {
 	cfg := manager.Config{
 		InactivityThreshold: inactivityThresholdEnv(),
+		ReconcileAllowedIPs: e.reconcileRoutedIPs,
 	}
-	e.lazyConnMgr = manager.NewManager(cfg, engineCtx, e.peerStore, e.iface)
 
+	e.lazyConnMgrMu.Lock()
+	e.lazyConnMgr = manager.NewManager(cfg, engineCtx, e.peerStore, e.iface)
 	e.lazyCtx, e.lazyCtxCancel = context.WithCancel(engineCtx)
+	e.lazyConnMgrMu.Unlock()
+
+	e.appliedExcludeList = nil
 
 	e.wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -268,58 +320,49 @@ func (e *ConnMgr) initLazyManager(engineCtx context.Context) {
 	}()
 }
 
-func (e *ConnMgr) addPeersToLazyConnManager() error {
-	peers := e.peerStore.PeersPubKey()
-	lazyPeerCfgs := make([]lazyconn.PeerConfig, 0, len(peers))
-	for _, peerID := range peers {
-		var peerConn *peer.Conn
-		var exists bool
-		if peerConn, exists = e.peerStore.PeerConn(peerID); !exists {
-			log.Warnf("failed to find peer conn for peerID: %s", peerID)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		lazyPeerCfg := lazyconn.PeerConfig{
-			PublicKey:  peerID,
-			AllowedIPs: peerConn.WgConfig().AllowedIps,
-			PeerConnID: peerConn.ConnID(),
-			Log:        peerConn.Log,
-		}
-		lazyPeerCfgs = append(lazyPeerCfgs, lazyPeerCfg)
-	}
-
-	return e.lazyConnMgr.AddActivePeers(lazyPeerCfgs)
-}
-
-func (e *ConnMgr) closeManager(ctx context.Context) {
-	if e.lazyConnMgr == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	e.lazyCtxCancel()
-	e.wg.Wait()
-	e.lazyConnMgr = nil
-
-	for _, peerID := range e.peerStore.PeersPubKey() {
-		e.peerStore.PeerConnOpen(ctx, peerID)
-	}
-}
-
 func (e *ConnMgr) isStartedWithLazyMgr() bool {
 	return e.lazyConnMgr != nil && e.lazyCtxCancel != nil
 }
 
+// resolveLazyForce determines the local override. NB_LAZY_CONN takes precedence; when it
+// is unset the MDM policy override (mdmState) applies. Either wins in both directions over
+// the management feature flag; StateUnset for both defers to management.
+func resolveLazyForce(mdmState lazyconn.State) lazyForce {
+	state := lazyconn.EnvState()
+	if state == lazyconn.StateUnset {
+		state = mdmState
+	}
+
+	switch state {
+	case lazyconn.StateOn:
+		return lazyForceOn
+	case lazyconn.StateOff:
+		return lazyForceOff
+	default:
+		return lazyForceNone
+	}
+}
+
 func inactivityThresholdEnv() *time.Duration {
 	envValue := os.Getenv(lazyconn.EnvInactivityThreshold)
 	if envValue == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	parsedMinutes, err := strconv.Atoi(envValue)
-	if err != nil || parsedMinutes <= 0 {
-		return nil
+	// Documented format: a Go duration such as "30m" or "1h".
+	if d, err := time.ParseDuration(envValue); err == nil {
+		if d <= 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return &d
 	}
 
-	d := time.Duration(parsedMinutes) * time.Minute
-	return &d
+	// Backwards compatibility: a bare integer used to be interpreted as minutes.
+	if parsedMinutes, err := strconv.Atoi(envValue); err == nil && parsedMinutes > 0 {
+		d := time.Duration(parsedMinutes) * time.Minute
+		return &d
+	}
+
+	log.Warnf("invalid %s value %q: expected a Go duration such as 30m or 1h", lazyconn.EnvInactivityThreshold, envValue)
+	return nil
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/conn_mgr_test.go b/client/internal/conn_mgr_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3723b5ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/conn_mgr_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peerstore"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/monotime"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func TestResolveLazyForce(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		env    string
+		envSet bool
+		mdm    lazyconn.State
+		want   lazyForce
+	}{
+		{name: "env unset, mdm unset -> defer to management", mdm: lazyconn.StateUnset, want: lazyForceNone},
+		{name: "env on -> force on", env: "on", envSet: true, mdm: lazyconn.StateUnset, want: lazyForceOn},
+		{name: "env off -> force off", env: "off", envSet: true, mdm: lazyconn.StateUnset, want: lazyForceOff},
+		{name: "env unset, mdm on -> force on", mdm: lazyconn.StateOn, want: lazyForceOn},
+		{name: "env unset, mdm off -> force off", mdm: lazyconn.StateOff, want: lazyForceOff},
+		{name: "env on beats mdm off", env: "on", envSet: true, mdm: lazyconn.StateOff, want: lazyForceOn},
+		{name: "env off beats mdm on", env: "off", envSet: true, mdm: lazyconn.StateOn, want: lazyForceOff},
+		{name: "unrecognized env, mdm on -> mdm wins", env: "auto", envSet: true, mdm: lazyconn.StateOn, want: lazyForceOn},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(lazyconn.EnvLazyConn, tt.env)
+			if !tt.envSet {
+				os.Unsetenv(lazyconn.EnvLazyConn)
+			}
+
+			if got := resolveLazyForce(tt.mdm); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("resolveLazyForce(%v) = %v, want %v", tt.mdm, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type mockLazyWGIface struct{}
+
+func (mockLazyWGIface) RemovePeer(string) error { return nil }
+func (mockLazyWGIface) UpdatePeer(string, []netip.Prefix, time.Duration, *net.UDPAddr, *wgtypes.Key) error {
+	return nil
+}
+func (mockLazyWGIface) IsUserspaceBind() bool                    { return false }
+func (mockLazyWGIface) Address() wgaddr.Address                  { return wgaddr.Address{} }
+func (mockLazyWGIface) LastActivities() map[string]monotime.Time { return nil }
+func (mockLazyWGIface) MTU() uint16                              { return 1280 }
+
+// TestConnMgr_ActivatePeerConcurrentWithLifecycle exercises ActivatePeer from
+// non-engine goroutines (the DNS warm-up path) racing the manager lifecycle,
+// which stays on the engine loop. Run with -race: it fails if ActivatePeer
+// still requires engine.syncMsgMux for safety.
+func TestConnMgr_ActivatePeerConcurrentWithLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(lazyconn.EnvLazyConn, "on")
+
+	status := peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	store := peerstore.NewConnStore()
+	connMgr := NewConnMgr(&EngineConfig{}, status, store, mockLazyWGIface{})
+
+	conn := newTestPeerConn(t, "peerA")
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	connMgr.Start(ctx)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for range 4 {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-done:
+					return
+				default:
+					connMgr.ActivatePeer(ctx, conn)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Let the activators spin against the started manager, then tear it down
+	// underneath them and let them spin against the stopped manager.
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	connMgr.Close()
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	close(done)
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestInactivityThresholdEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		val  string
+		want *time.Duration
+	}{
+		{name: "unset", val: "", want: nil},
+		{name: "go duration minutes", val: "30m", want: durPtr(30 * time.Minute)},
+		{name: "go duration hours", val: "1h", want: durPtr(time.Hour)},
+		{name: "go duration seconds", val: "90s", want: durPtr(90 * time.Second)},
+		{name: "bare integer is minutes (backwards compat)", val: "5", want: durPtr(5 * time.Minute)},
+		{name: "zero duration", val: "0s", want: nil},
+		{name: "zero integer", val: "0", want: nil},
+		{name: "negative duration", val: "-5m", want: nil},
+		{name: "garbage", val: "abc", want: nil},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(lazyconn.EnvInactivityThreshold, tc.val)
+			got := inactivityThresholdEnv()
+			switch {
+			case tc.want == nil && got != nil:
+				t.Fatalf("want nil, got %v", *got)
+			case tc.want != nil && got == nil:
+				t.Fatalf("want %v, got nil", *tc.want)
+			case tc.want != nil && *got != *tc.want:
+				t.Fatalf("want %v, got %v", *tc.want, *got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPeerLazyDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		force         lazyForce
+		remoteEnabled bool
+		state         mgmProto.LazyState
+		want          bool
+	}{
+		{name: "force on wins over eager state", force: lazyForceOn, state: mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateEager, want: true},
+		{name: "force off wins over lazy state", force: lazyForceOff, remoteEnabled: true, state: mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateLazy, want: false},
+		{name: "none, default, account off -> active", force: lazyForceNone, state: mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateDefault, want: false},
+		{name: "none, default, account on -> lazy", force: lazyForceNone, remoteEnabled: true, state: mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateDefault, want: true},
+		{name: "none, lazy state, account off -> lazy", force: lazyForceNone, state: mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateLazy, want: true},
+		{name: "none, eager state, account on -> active", force: lazyForceNone, remoteEnabled: true, state: mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateEager, want: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			e := &ConnMgr{force: tt.force, remoteLazyEnabled: tt.remoteEnabled}
+			if got := e.PeerLazyDefault(tt.state); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("PeerLazyDefault(%v) = %v, want %v", tt.state, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func durPtr(d time.Duration) *time.Duration { return &d }
+
+// TestToExcludedLazyPeers covers the per-peer lazy classification (proxy vs
+// normal, across the force/account-flag matrix). Forwarder-target exclusion is
+// covered by TestToExcludedLazyPeers_ForwardTarget.
+func TestToExcludedLazyPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		normalKey = "normal"
+		lazyKey   = "lazy-state"
+		eagerKey  = "eager-state"
+	)
+
+	peers := []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+		{WgPubKey: normalKey, AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.1/32"}},
+		{WgPubKey: lazyKey, AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.2/32"}, LazyState: mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateLazy},
+		{WgPubKey: eagerKey, AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.3/32"}, LazyState: mgmProto.LazyState_LazyStateEager},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		force         lazyForce
+		remoteEnabled bool
+		want          map[string]bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "account off: lazy-state peer lazy, normal + eager active",
+			force: lazyForceNone, remoteEnabled: false,
+			want: map[string]bool{normalKey: true, eagerKey: true},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "account on: only eager-state peer active",
+			force: lazyForceNone, remoteEnabled: true,
+			want: map[string]bool{eagerKey: true},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "force off: everything active",
+			force: lazyForceOff, remoteEnabled: true,
+			want: map[string]bool{normalKey: true, lazyKey: true, eagerKey: true},
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "force on: nothing active",
+			force: lazyForceOn, remoteEnabled: false,
+			want: map[string]bool{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			e := &Engine{connMgr: &ConnMgr{force: tt.force, remoteLazyEnabled: tt.remoteEnabled}}
+			got := e.toExcludedLazyPeers(peers)
+
+			if len(got) != len(tt.want) {
+				t.Fatalf("toExcludedLazyPeers() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+			for k := range tt.want {
+				if !got[k] {
+					t.Fatalf("expected peer %s excluded, got %v", k, got)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/connect.go b/client/internal/connect.go
index ac498f719..88d829d2f 100644
--- a/client/internal/connect.go
+++ b/client/internal/connect.go
@@ -6,31 +6,39 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/metrics"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/tunnelnotifier"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updater"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updater/installer"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents"
 	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	sshconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/config"
@@ -50,6 +58,10 @@ var androidRunOverride func(c *ConnectClient, runningChan chan struct{}, logPath
 
 type ConnectClient struct {
 	ctx            context.Context
+	runCancel      context.CancelFunc
+	runExited      chan struct{}
+	runOnce        sync.Once
+	runStarted     atomic.Bool
 	config         *profilemanager.Config
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 
@@ -59,19 +71,42 @@ type ConnectClient struct {
 	updateManager *updater.Manager
 
 	persistSyncResponse bool
+
+	// netMgr gates every reconnection loop on OS-reported network
+	// availability and sweeps connections on network change.
+	netMgr *netevents.Manager
+}
+
+// ConnectClientOption configures optional ConnectClient behavior.
+type ConnectClientOption func(*ConnectClient)
+
+// WithNetEvents injects the OS network event handling.
+func WithNetEvents(events *netevents.Manager) ConnectClientOption {
+	return func(c *ConnectClient) { c.netMgr = events }
 }
 
 func NewConnectClient(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	config *profilemanager.Config,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
+	opts ...ConnectClientOption,
 ) *ConnectClient {
-	return &ConnectClient{
-		ctx:            ctx,
+	// Derive the run context here so Stop owns the cancel that unblocks the run
+	// loop. runCancel is set once at construction, so Stop can call it without
+	// racing the run loop's startup. Callers therefore need not cancel before Stop.
+	runCtx, runCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	c := &ConnectClient{
+		ctx:            runCtx,
+		runCancel:      runCancel,
+		runExited:      make(chan struct{}),
 		config:         config,
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 		engineMutex:    sync.Mutex{},
 	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(c)
+	}
+	return c
 }
 
 func (c *ConnectClient) SetUpdateManager(um *updater.Manager) {
@@ -96,11 +131,14 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) RunOnAndroid(
 	stateFilePath string,
 	cacheDir string,
 ) error {
+	notifier := tunnelnotifier.New(networkChangeListener, nil)
+	defer notifier.Close()
+
 	// in case of non Android os these variables will be nil
 	mobileDependency := MobileDependency{
 		TunAdapter:            tunAdapter,
 		IFaceDiscover:         iFaceDiscover,
-		NetworkChangeListener: networkChangeListener,
+		NetworkChangeListener: notifier,
 		HostDNSAddresses:      dnsAddresses,
 		DnsReadyListener:      dnsReadyListener,
 		StateFilePath:         stateFilePath,
@@ -113,23 +151,32 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) RunOniOS(
 	fileDescriptor int32,
 	networkChangeListener listener.NetworkChangeListener,
 	dnsManager dns.IosDnsManager,
-	dnsAddresses []netip.AddrPort,
 	stateFilePath string,
+	cacheDir string,
+	logFilePath string,
 ) error {
 	// Set GC percent to 5% to reduce memory usage as iOS only allows 50MB of memory for the extension.
 	debug.SetGCPercent(5)
 
+	notifier := tunnelnotifier.New(networkChangeListener, dnsManager)
+	defer notifier.Close()
+
 	mobileDependency := MobileDependency{
 		FileDescriptor:        fileDescriptor,
-		NetworkChangeListener: networkChangeListener,
-		DnsManager:            dnsManager,
-		HostDNSAddresses:      dnsAddresses,
+		NetworkChangeListener: notifier,
+		DnsManager:            notifier,
 		StateFilePath:         stateFilePath,
+		TempDir:               cacheDir,
 	}
-	return c.run(mobileDependency, nil, "")
+	return c.run(mobileDependency, nil, logFilePath)
 }
 
 func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan struct{}, logPath string) error {
+	// Mark the loop as started and signal exit on return so Stop can wait for
+	// the loop to finish (and skip the wait if the loop never ran).
+	c.runStarted.Store(true)
+	defer c.runOnce.Do(func() { close(c.runExited) })
+
 	defer func() {
 		if r := recover(); r != nil {
 			rec := c.statusRecorder
@@ -195,7 +242,7 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 	wrapErr := state.Wrap
 	myPrivateKey, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(c.config.PrivateKey)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed parsing Wireguard key %s: [%s]", c.config.PrivateKey, err.Error())
+		log.Errorf("failed parsing Wireguard key: %s", err)
 		return wrapErr(err)
 	}
 
@@ -235,13 +282,23 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		log.Errorf("failed to clean up temporary installer file: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	defer c.statusRecorder.ClientStop()
+	defer func() {
+		c.statusRecorder.SetSessionExpiresAt(time.Time{})
+		c.statusRecorder.ClientStop()
+	}()
 	operation := func() error {
 		// if context cancelled we not start new backoff cycle
 		if c.ctx.Err() != nil {
 			return nil
 		}
 
+		// suspend connection attempts while the OS reports no usable network
+		if waited, err := c.netMgr.Wait(c.ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil
+		} else if waited {
+			backOff.Reset()
+		}
+
 		state.Set(StatusConnecting)
 
 		engineCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(c.ctx)
@@ -253,8 +310,18 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		}()
 
 		log.Debugf("connecting to the Management service %s", c.config.ManagementURL.Host)
-		mgmClient, err := mgm.NewClient(engineCtx, c.config.ManagementURL.Host, myPrivateKey, mgmTlsEnabled)
+		mgmClient, err := mgm.NewClient(engineCtx, c.config.ManagementURL.Host, myPrivateKey, mgmTlsEnabled,
+			mgm.WithNetEvents(c.netMgr))
 		if err != nil {
+			// On daemon shutdown / Down() the parent context is cancelled
+			// and the dial fails with "context canceled". Wrapping that
+			// into state would leave the snapshot stuck at Connecting+err
+			// until the backoff loop wakes up — instead let the operation
+			// return cleanly so the deferred state.Set(StatusIdle) takes
+			// effect on the next iteration.
+			if c.ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return nil
+			}
 			return wrapErr(gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "failed connecting to Management Service : %s", err))
 		}
 		mgmNotifier := statusRecorderToMgmConnStateNotifier(c.statusRecorder)
@@ -285,7 +352,7 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 			log.Debug(err)
 			if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && (s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied) {
 				state.Set(StatusNeedsLogin)
-				_ = c.Stop()
+				c.runCancel()
 				return backoff.Permanent(wrapErr(err)) // unrecoverable error
 			}
 			return wrapErr(err)
@@ -293,6 +360,10 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		c.clientMetrics.RecordLoginDuration(engineCtx, time.Since(loginStarted), true)
 		c.statusRecorder.MarkManagementConnected()
 
+		if metricsConfig := loginResp.GetNetbirdConfig().GetMetrics(); metricsConfig != nil {
+			c.clientMetrics.UpdatePushFromMgm(c.ctx, metricsConfig.GetEnabled())
+		}
+
 		localPeerState := peer.LocalPeerState{
 			IP:              loginResp.GetPeerConfig().GetAddress(),
 			PubKey:          myPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(),
@@ -315,7 +386,7 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		}()
 
 		// with the global Netbird config in hand connect (just a connection, no stream yet) Signal
-		signalClient, err := connectToSignal(engineCtx, loginResp.GetNetbirdConfig(), myPrivateKey)
+		signalClient, err := connectToSignal(engineCtx, loginResp.GetNetbirdConfig(), myPrivateKey, c.netMgr)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Error(err)
 			return wrapErr(err)
@@ -333,6 +404,10 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		c.statusRecorder.MarkSignalConnected()
 
 		relayURLs, token := parseRelayInfo(loginResp)
+		if override, ok := peer.OverrideRelayURLs(); ok {
+			log.Infof("overriding relay URLs from %s: %v", peer.EnvKeyNBHomeRelayServers, override)
+			relayURLs = override
+		}
 		peerConfig := loginResp.GetPeerConfig()
 
 		engineConfig, err := createEngineConfig(myPrivateKey, c.config, peerConfig, logPath)
@@ -341,8 +416,14 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 			return wrapErr(err)
 		}
 		engineConfig.TempDir = mobileDependency.TempDir
+		// Leave StateDir empty when there is no state path so a disk-backed
+		// syncstore falls back to os.TempDir() instead of filepath.Dir("") == ".".
+		if path != "" {
+			engineConfig.StateDir = filepath.Dir(path)
+		}
 
-		relayManager := relayClient.NewManager(engineCtx, relayURLs, myPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), engineConfig.MTU)
+		relayManager := relayClient.NewManager(engineCtx, relayURLs, myPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), engineConfig.MTU,
+			relayClient.WithNetEvents(c.netMgr))
 		c.statusRecorder.SetRelayMgr(relayManager)
 		if len(relayURLs) > 0 {
 			if token != nil {
@@ -369,6 +450,8 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 			StateManager:   stateManager,
 			UpdateManager:  c.updateManager,
 			ClientMetrics:  c.clientMetrics,
+			MetricsCtx:     c.ctx,
+			NetMgr:         c.netMgr,
 		}, mobileDependency)
 		engine.SetSyncResponsePersistence(c.persistSyncResponse)
 		c.engine = engine
@@ -379,6 +462,10 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 			return wrapErr(err)
 		}
 
+		// Seed the session-expiry deadline from the LoginResponse. Subsequent
+		// changes flow in through SyncResponse and are applied in handleSync.
+		engine.ApplySessionDeadline(loginResp.GetSessionExpiresAt())
+
 		log.Infof("Netbird engine started, the IP is: %s", peerConfig.GetAddress())
 		state.Set(StatusConnected)
 
@@ -396,14 +483,10 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 		c.engine = nil
 		c.engineMutex.Unlock()
 
-		// todo: consider to remove this condition. Is not thread safe.
-		// We should always call Stop(), but we need to verify that it is idempotent
-		if engine.wgInterface != nil {
-			log.Infof("ensuring %s is removed, Netbird engine context cancelled", engine.wgInterface.Name())
+		log.Infof("ensuring wg interface is removed, Netbird engine context cancelled")
 
-			if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("Failed to stop engine: %v", err)
-			}
+		if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Failed to stop engine: %v", err)
 		}
 		c.statusRecorder.ClientTeardown()
 
@@ -419,12 +502,26 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) run(mobileDependency MobileDependency, runningChan chan
 	}
 
 	c.statusRecorder.ClientStart()
-	err = backoff.Retry(operation, backOff)
+	// Wrap the backoff with c.ctx so Down()/actCancel propagates into the
+	// inter-attempt sleep — otherwise a 15s MaxInterval can keep the retry
+	// loop alive long after the caller asked to give up, leaving the
+	// status stream stuck at Connecting.
+	err = backoff.Retry(operation, backoff.WithContext(backOff, c.ctx))
 	if err != nil {
+		// Once the client context is cancelled backoff.WithContext surfaces the
+		// bare context error, and any attempt torn down mid-flight reports the
+		// same. That cancellation is the caller asking us to stop (Stop, Down or
+		// an engine restart), so exit cleanly instead of handing back a failure
+		// the caller would have to distinguish from a real one.
+		if c.ctx.Err() != nil && errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			log.Info("exiting client retry loop, context cancelled")
+			return nil
+		}
+
 		log.Debugf("exiting client retry loop due to unrecoverable error: %s", err)
 		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && (s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied) {
 			state.Set(StatusNeedsLogin)
-			_ = c.Stop()
+			c.runCancel()
 		}
 		return err
 	}
@@ -502,11 +599,9 @@ func (c *ConnectClient) Status() StatusType {
 }
 
 func (c *ConnectClient) Stop() error {
-	engine := c.Engine()
-	if engine != nil {
-		if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("stop engine: %w", err)
-		}
+	c.runCancel()
+	if c.runStarted.Load() {
+		<-c.runExited
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -532,9 +627,20 @@ func createEngineConfig(key wgtypes.Key, config *profilemanager.Config, peerConf
 	if config.NetworkMonitor != nil {
 		nm = *config.NetworkMonitor
 	}
+	wgAddr, err := wgaddr.ParseWGAddress(peerConfig.Address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse overlay address %q: %w", peerConfig.Address, err)
+	}
+
+	if !config.DisableIPv6 {
+		if err := wgAddr.SetIPv6FromCompact(peerConfig.GetAddressV6()); err != nil {
+			log.Warn(err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	engineConf := &EngineConfig{
 		WgIfaceName:                   config.WgIface,
-		WgAddr:                        peerConfig.Address,
+		WgAddr:                        wgAddr,
 		IFaceBlackList:                config.IFaceBlackList,
 		DisableIPv6Discovery:          config.DisableIPv6Discovery,
 		WgPrivateKey:                  key,
@@ -546,6 +652,7 @@ func createEngineConfig(key wgtypes.Key, config *profilemanager.Config, peerConf
 		RosenpassEnabled:              config.RosenpassEnabled,
 		RosenpassPermissive:           config.RosenpassPermissive,
 		ServerSSHAllowed:              util.ReturnBoolWithDefaultTrue(config.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		RemoteJobsAllowed:             util.ReturnBoolWithDefaultFalse(config.RemoteJobsAllowed),
 		EnableSSHRoot:                 config.EnableSSHRoot,
 		EnableSSHSFTP:                 config.EnableSSHSFTP,
 		EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding:  config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
@@ -559,8 +666,10 @@ func createEngineConfig(key wgtypes.Key, config *profilemanager.Config, peerConf
 		DisableFirewall:     config.DisableFirewall,
 		BlockLANAccess:      config.BlockLANAccess,
 		BlockInbound:        config.BlockInbound,
+		DisableIPv6:         config.DisableIPv6,
+		SyncMessageVersion:  config.SyncMessageVersion,
 
-		LazyConnectionEnabled: config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		LazyConnection: lazyconn.ParseState(config.LazyConnection),
 
 		MTU:     selectMTU(config.MTU, peerConfig.Mtu),
 		LogPath: logPath,
@@ -603,7 +712,7 @@ func selectMTU(localMTU uint16, peerMTU int32) uint16 {
 }
 
 // connectToSignal creates Signal Service client and established a connection
-func connectToSignal(ctx context.Context, wtConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, ourPrivateKey wgtypes.Key) (*signal.GrpcClient, error) {
+func connectToSignal(ctx context.Context, wtConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, ourPrivateKey wgtypes.Key, netMgr *netevents.Manager) (*signal.GrpcClient, error) {
 	var sigTLSEnabled bool
 	if wtConfig.Signal.Protocol == mgmProto.HostConfig_HTTPS {
 		sigTLSEnabled = true
@@ -611,7 +720,8 @@ func connectToSignal(ctx context.Context, wtConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, ourP
 		sigTLSEnabled = false
 	}
 
-	signalClient, err := signal.NewClient(ctx, wtConfig.Signal.Uri, ourPrivateKey, sigTLSEnabled)
+	signalClient, err := signal.NewClient(ctx, wtConfig.Signal.Uri, ourPrivateKey, sigTLSEnabled,
+		signal.WithNetEvents(netMgr))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("error while connecting to the Signal Exchange Service %s: %s", wtConfig.Signal.Uri, err)
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "failed connecting to Signal Service : %s", err)
@@ -633,12 +743,14 @@ func loginToManagement(ctx context.Context, client mgm.Client, pubSSHKey []byte,
 		config.DisableFirewall,
 		config.BlockLANAccess,
 		config.BlockInbound,
-		config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		config.DisableIPv6,
+		config.SyncMessageVersion,
 		config.EnableSSHRoot,
 		config.EnableSSHSFTP,
 		config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
 		config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
 		config.DisableSSHAuth,
+		config.RemoteJobsAllowed,
 	)
 	return client.Login(sysInfo, pubSSHKey, config.DNSLabels)
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/connect_android_default.go b/client/internal/connect_android_default.go
index 190341c4a..b05e91fec 100644
--- a/client/internal/connect_android_default.go
+++ b/client/internal/connect_android_default.go
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ func (noopNetworkChangeListener) SetInterfaceIP(string) {
 	// network stack, not by OS-level interface configuration.
 }
 
+func (noopNetworkChangeListener) SetInterfaceIPv6(string) {
+	// No-op: same as SetInterfaceIP, IPv6 overlay is managed by userspace stack.
+}
+
 // noopDnsReadyListener is a stub for embed.Client on Android.
 // DNS readiness notifications are not needed in netstack/embed mode
 // since system DNS is disabled and DNS resolution happens externally.
diff --git a/client/internal/connect_test.go b/client/internal/connect_test.go
index c317c88d8..3212e6abf 100644
--- a/client/internal/connect_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/connect_test.go
@@ -5,65 +5,78 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
-func Test_freePort(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		port        int
-		want        int
-		shouldMatch bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "when port is 0 use random port",
-			port:        0,
-			want:        0,
-			shouldMatch: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "provided and available",
-			port:        51821,
-			want:        51821,
-			shouldMatch: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "provided and not available",
-			port:        51830,
-			want:        51830,
-			shouldMatch: false,
-		},
-	}
-	c1, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{Port: 0})
+// probeFreePort asks the OS for a free UDP port and immediately releases it.
+// The returned number is only a hint: nothing stops another process from
+// grabbing the same port before the caller gets a chance to bind it.
+//
+// A hardcoded port number is not an option here: any fixed number can fall
+// inside the ephemeral range and be held by an unrelated process on the test
+// runner.
+func probeFreePort(t *testing.T) int {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{Port: 0})
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("freePort error = %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to bind probe port: %v", err)
 	}
-	defer func(c1 *net.UDPConn) {
-		_ = c1.Close()
-	}(c1)
-
-	if tests[1].port == c1.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).Port {
-		tests[1].port++
-		tests[1].want++
-	}
-
-	tests[2].port = c1.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).Port
-	tests[2].want = c1.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).Port
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := freePort(tt.port)
-
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("got an error while getting free port: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if tt.shouldMatch && got != tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("got a different port %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
-			}
-
-			if !tt.shouldMatch && got == tt.want {
-				t.Errorf("got the same port %v, want a different port", tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-
+	port := conn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).Port
+	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to close probe port: %v", err)
 	}
+	return port
+}
+
+func Test_freePort(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("when port is 0 use random port", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, err := freePort(0)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("got an error while getting free port: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("got port 0, want a non-zero random port")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("provided and available", func(t *testing.T) {
+		const maxAttempts = 5
+
+		// The probed port is released before freePort binds it, so an
+		// unrelated process on the test runner can grab it in between,
+		// making freePort fall back to a different port. Retry with a
+		// freshly probed port instead of failing on a lost race.
+		for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt++ {
+			candidate := probeFreePort(t)
+
+			got, err := freePort(candidate)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("got an error while getting free port: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if got == candidate {
+				return
+			}
+			t.Logf("attempt %d: freePort returned %d instead of the requested %d, retrying", attempt, got, candidate)
+		}
+
+		t.Fatalf("freePort did not return the requested free port after %d attempts", maxAttempts)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("provided and not available", func(t *testing.T) {
+		busy, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{Port: 0})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("failed to bind busy port: %v", err)
+		}
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			_ = busy.Close()
+		})
+		busyPort := busy.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).Port
+
+		got, err := freePort(busyPort)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("got an error while getting free port: %v", err)
+		}
+		if got == busyPort {
+			t.Errorf("got the same port %v, want a different port", busyPort)
+		}
+	})
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/identity.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/identity.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6af515b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/identity.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package daemonaddr
+
+import "strings"
+
+// CarriesIdentity reports whether the control channel at addr conveys the
+// connecting process's identity to the daemon. A Unix socket carries peer
+// credentials and a named pipe carries the client's token. Nothing else does, TCP
+// included, and there the daemon can authorize a privileged operation for nobody
+// at all: see ResolveDaemonAddr, which says as much to anyone still reaching the
+// Windows daemon on the address it served before it had a pipe.
+//
+// A client uses this to tell whether becoming privileged would get it anywhere.
+// It answers from the scheme and nothing else, so an address it does not
+// recognise counts as carrying no identity.
+func CarriesIdentity(addr string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(addr, "unix://") || strings.HasPrefix(addr, pipeScheme)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/identity_test.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/identity_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2808b5017
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/identity_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package daemonaddr
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestCarriesIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		addr string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"unix:///var/run/netbird.sock", true},
+		{"unix:///var/run/netbird/default.sock", true},
+		{"npipe://netbird", true},
+		{`npipe://\\.\pipe\ProtectedPrefix\Administrators\netbird`, true},
+		{"tcp://127.0.0.1:41731", false},
+		{"tcp://localhost:41731", false},
+		{"", false},
+		{"/var/run/netbird.sock", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.addr, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, CarriesIdentity(tt.addr), "address %q", tt.addr)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c476f9ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package daemonaddr
+
+// DaemonRunsAsSelf reports whether the daemon listening at addr runs as this very
+// user. That is what makes an unprivileged daemon authorize this process for the
+// changes it otherwise restricts to root or an administrator, so a client can tell
+// up front whether those controls are usable instead of letting a save fail.
+//
+// It is answered from the ownership of the socket or pipe the daemon created, so it
+// costs no round trip and needs no cooperation from the daemon. Ownership that
+// cannot be read is reported as false, including for a TCP address, so a caller
+// reading this as "the daemon would allow it" fails closed. The daemon remains the
+// only thing that authorizes anything: this only decides what a client offers.
+func DaemonRunsAsSelf(addr string) bool {
+	return daemonRunsAsSelf(addr)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner_unix.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..493e6528d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package daemonaddr
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// daemonRunsAsSelf compares the owner of the daemon's Unix socket with this
+// process's uid. Root is not treated specially here: a root caller is privileged
+// on its own merits, and a root-owned socket says nothing about the caller.
+func daemonRunsAsSelf(addr string) bool {
+	path, ok := strings.CutPrefix(addr, "unix://")
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("stat daemon socket %s: %v", path, err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Only a socket says anything about a daemon. A directory or a leftover
+	// regular file at that path is not one, and reading it as "the daemon runs as
+	// us" would offer controls the daemon then refuses.
+	if info.Mode()&os.ModeSocket == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	return stat.Uid == uint32(os.Getuid())
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner_unix_test.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner_unix_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..363c7d95d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner_unix_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package daemonaddr
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// A socket this user created means the daemon runs as this user, which is the
+// rootless case where the daemon delegates its authority to its own identity.
+func TestDaemonRunsAsSelf_OwnSocket(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "netbird.sock")
+	ln, err := net.Listen("unix", path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("listen: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := ln.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("close listener: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if !DaemonRunsAsSelf("unix://" + path) {
+		t.Error("a socket owned by this user must count as the daemon running as us")
+	}
+}
+
+// Everything that is not a readable socket of ours has to answer false, because
+// the caller reads a true as "the daemon would authorize me".
+func TestDaemonRunsAsSelf_FailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// A socket owned by another user, which is what a root-run daemon looks like
+	// to an unprivileged client. Only assertable when we are not root ourselves.
+	rootOwned := "unix:///var/run/netbird.sock"
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/var/run/netbird.sock"); err == nil && os.Getuid() != 0 {
+		if DaemonRunsAsSelf(rootOwned) {
+			t.Error("a socket owned by another user must not count as ours")
+		}
+	}
+
+	for name, addr := range map[string]string{
+		"missing socket":  "unix://" + filepath.Join(dir, "absent.sock"),
+		"tcp address":     "tcp://127.0.0.1:41731",
+		"named pipe":      "npipe://netbird",
+		"empty":           "",
+		"no scheme":       filepath.Join(dir, "absent.sock"),
+		"directory":       "unix://" + dir,
+		"unknown scheme":  "http://localhost:8080",
+		"scheme only":     "unix://",
+		"relative socket": "unix://netbird.sock",
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if DaemonRunsAsSelf(addr) {
+				t.Errorf("%q must not count as a daemon running as us", addr)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner_windows.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cd2bba15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/owner_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package daemonaddr
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+)
+
+// daemonRunsAsSelf reads the owner of the daemon's pipe. A daemon running as the
+// service account owns its pipe as LocalSystem, and an elevated one as
+// BUILTIN\Administrators, so only a daemon the user started themselves matches.
+func daemonRunsAsSelf(addr string) bool {
+	name, ok := strings.CutPrefix(addr, pipeScheme)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, path := range PipePaths(name) {
+		// Bounded: this runs on the UI's path for deciding which controls to
+		// offer, so a pipe that does not answer promptly must not stall it. A
+		// timeout leaves the caller unprivileged, which only disables controls.
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), probeTimeout)
+		conn, err := dialPipe(ctx, path)
+		cancel()
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		owned := ipcauth.PipeOwnedBySelf(conn)
+		if cerr := conn.Close(); cerr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close daemon pipe %s after ownership check: %v", path, cerr)
+		}
+		return owned
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..51815ef5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe.go
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+package daemonaddr
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+)
+
+const (
+	// WindowsPipeAddr is the default daemon address on Windows. A named pipe
+	// carries the connecting process's token, which loopback TCP does not, so
+	// it is the only Windows transport on which the daemon can tell who is
+	// calling it.
+	WindowsPipeAddr = "npipe://netbird"
+
+	// legacyWindowsAddr is the loopback-TCP address the Windows daemon used
+	// before named-pipe support.
+	legacyWindowsAddr = "tcp://127.0.0.1:41731"
+
+	pipeScheme = "npipe://"
+
+	// protectedPrefix is the NPFS namespace in which only LocalSystem and
+	// members of BUILTIN\Administrators may create a pipe. A daemon running as
+	// the service account creates its pipe there so that an unprivileged process
+	// cannot pre-create the name, which would keep the daemon from starting and
+	// leave callers talking to the squatter. Opening such a pipe needs no
+	// privilege, so unprivileged clients still reach the daemon.
+	protectedPrefix = `ProtectedPrefix\Administrators\`
+)
+
+// DialTarget returns the gRPC dial target and transport options for a daemon
+// address. The npipe scheme needs a context dialer because gRPC has no
+// named-pipe resolver; unix and tcp are handled by gRPC itself.
+func DialTarget(addr string) (string, []grpc.DialOption) {
+	opts := []grpc.DialOption{grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials())}
+
+	if name, ok := strings.CutPrefix(addr, pipeScheme); ok {
+		paths := PipePaths(name)
+		opts = append(opts, grpc.WithContextDialer(func(ctx context.Context, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return dialPipePaths(ctx, paths)
+		}))
+		return "passthrough:///netbird-daemon-pipe", opts
+	}
+
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(addr, "tcp://"), opts
+}
+
+// PipePath maps an npipe address name ("netbird", from "npipe://netbird") to a
+// Windows named-pipe path (\\.\pipe\netbird). A fully qualified path is left as
+// is.
+func PipePath(name string) string {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(name, `\\`) {
+		return name
+	}
+	return `\\.\pipe\` + name
+}
+
+// PipePaths returns the paths a daemon control pipe may live at for an npipe
+// address name, in the order both sides must try them: the protected name first,
+// then the plain one.
+//
+// The daemon serves the first it can create, which is the protected name when it
+// runs as the service account and the plain one when it runs as an ordinary user,
+// as it does in netstack mode. Clients therefore have to try both, and because a
+// client cannot tell from the name alone who created the pipe, the plain name is
+// only usable once the server's identity has been checked: see
+// verifyPipeServer.
+//
+// A fully qualified path is what the operator asked for and is used as is.
+func PipePaths(name string) []string {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(name, `\\`) {
+		return []string{name}
+	}
+	return []string{PipePath(protectedPrefix + name), PipePath(name)}
+}
+
+// IsProtectedPipePath reports whether a pipe path is in the namespace only an
+// administrator or LocalSystem can create in, which is what lets a client trust
+// such a pipe from its name alone.
+func IsProtectedPipePath(path string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(path, `\\.\pipe\`+protectedPrefix)
+}
+
+// MigrateLegacy upgrades the pre-named-pipe Windows daemon address to the named
+// pipe, reporting whether it rewrote the address. Existing installs persist the
+// daemon address, so without this an upgraded daemon would keep listening on
+// loopback TCP, where callers carry no identity and privileged operations would
+// have to be refused for everyone. Only the exact legacy default is rewritten:
+// a deliberately chosen custom address is left alone.
+func MigrateLegacy(addr string) (string, bool) {
+	return migrateLegacyForOS(runtime.GOOS, addr)
+}
+
+func migrateLegacyForOS(goos, addr string) (string, bool) {
+	if goos == "windows" && addr == legacyWindowsAddr {
+		return WindowsPipeAddr, true
+	}
+	return addr, false
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe_other.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04e8e7331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package daemonaddr
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+)
+
+// dialPipePaths is Windows-only: no other platform serves the daemon on a named
+// pipe.
+func dialPipePaths(context.Context, []string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("named pipes are only supported on Windows")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe_test.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9dfd90f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package daemonaddr
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// The protected name must be tried before the plain one on both sides: it is the
+// one an unprivileged process cannot create, so preferring it is what keeps a
+// squatter from owning the name the service daemon would otherwise use.
+func TestPipePaths_PrefersTheProtectedName(t *testing.T) {
+	got := PipePaths("netbird")
+	want := []string{
+		`\\.\pipe\ProtectedPrefix\Administrators\netbird`,
+		`\\.\pipe\netbird`,
+	}
+	if !slices.Equal(got, want) {
+		t.Errorf("PipePaths = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+// An operator who passes a full path chose exactly one pipe, so neither side may
+// look anywhere else.
+func TestPipePaths_QualifiedPathIsUsedAsIs(t *testing.T) {
+	path := `\\.\pipe\custom-netbird`
+	got := PipePaths(path)
+	if !slices.Equal(got, []string{path}) {
+		t.Errorf("PipePaths = %q, want just %q", got, path)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe_windows.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cd10a6c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/pipe_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package daemonaddr
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+)
+
+// dialPipePaths connects to the first path that answers with a pipe server this
+// client may trust, and returns the last error when none does.
+func dialPipePaths(ctx context.Context, paths []string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		conn, err := dialPipe(ctx, path)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("dial daemon pipe %s: %v", path, err)
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// A pipe in the protected namespace could only have been created by an
+		// administrator or LocalSystem, so its name is the guarantee. Any other
+		// name has to be checked, because any local user can create one.
+		if !IsProtectedPipePath(path) {
+			if err := ipcauth.PipeServerTrusted(conn); err != nil {
+				if closeErr := conn.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+					log.Debugf("close untrusted pipe %s: %v", path, closeErr)
+				}
+				lastErr = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", path, err)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		return conn, nil
+	}
+
+	if lastErr == nil {
+		lastErr = errors.New("no daemon pipe to connect to")
+	}
+	return nil, lastErr
+}
+
+// dialPipe connects to the daemon control pipe at SECURITY_IDENTIFICATION.
+// winio's plain DialPipe connects at SECURITY_ANONYMOUS, under which the daemon
+// cannot read the caller's token at all. Identification lets the daemon read the
+// caller's SID and groups without granting it the ability to act as the caller.
+func dialPipe(ctx context.Context, path string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	access := uint32(windows.GENERIC_READ | windows.GENERIC_WRITE)
+	return winio.DialPipeAccessImpLevel(ctx, path, access, winio.PipeImpLevelIdentification)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/resolve_pipe_other.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/resolve_pipe_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1aede8453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/resolve_pipe_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package daemonaddr
+
+// ResolveDaemonAddr is a no-op off Windows, where there is no named-pipe
+// default to fall back from.
+func ResolveDaemonAddr(addr string) string {
+	return addr
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/daemonaddr/resolve_pipe_windows.go b/client/internal/daemonaddr/resolve_pipe_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d12ddb15d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/daemonaddr/resolve_pipe_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package daemonaddr
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// probeTimeout bounds each transport probe. Both are local, so a daemon that is
+// listening answers immediately and one that is not fails immediately.
+const probeTimeout = 300 * time.Millisecond
+
+// ResolveDaemonAddr keeps a client on the named pipe and never silently moves it
+// off. When the pipe does not answer it checks the legacy loopback TCP address, so
+// a client meeting a daemon that has not restarted since the upgrade can say what
+// is wrong, but it does not connect there.
+//
+// Using that address automatically would be a downgrade the user never asked for:
+// any local process can bind 127.0.0.1 while the daemon is not listening, and the
+// transport carries no caller identity, so a client that accepted whatever answered
+// would hand a setup key, a pre-shared key or an SSO prompt to a local impostor. An
+// operator who needs the legacy address during the upgrade window can still pass
+// --daemon-addr explicitly, which is a deliberate choice and still refuses the
+// privileged operations.
+//
+// Only the pipe address is resolved. A custom address is left alone, though passing
+// --daemon-addr npipe://netbird explicitly is indistinguishable from the default
+// here, so it is treated the same way.
+func ResolveDaemonAddr(addr string) string {
+	if addr != WindowsPipeAddr {
+		return addr
+	}
+
+	for _, path := range PipePaths("netbird") {
+		if pipeAvailable(path) {
+			return addr
+		}
+	}
+
+	if tcpAvailable(legacyWindowsAddr) {
+		log.Warnf("the daemon is not serving %s, but something is listening on the legacy %s. "+
+			"Restart the NetBird service so it serves the pipe. That address is not used automatically: "+
+			"any local user can bind it and it carries no caller identity, so pass --daemon-addr %s "+
+			"explicitly if you accept that",
+			WindowsPipeAddr, legacyWindowsAddr, legacyWindowsAddr)
+	}
+
+	return addr
+}
+
+func pipeAvailable(path string) bool {
+	timeout := probeTimeout
+	conn, err := winio.DialPipe(path, &timeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("close daemon pipe probe: %v", err)
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func tcpAvailable(addr string) bool {
+	host := addr
+	if _, after, ok := strings.Cut(addr, "://"); ok {
+		host = after
+	}
+
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", host, probeTimeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("close daemon TCP probe: %v", err)
+	}
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug.go b/client/internal/debug/debug.go
index bddb9a69e..b362ae293 100644
--- a/client/internal/debug/debug.go
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protojson"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
@@ -30,11 +31,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updater/installer"
 	nbstatus "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/status"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
 )
 
-const readmeContent = `Netbird debug bundle
-This debug bundle contains the following files.
-If the --anonymize flag is set, the files are anonymized to protect sensitive information.
+const readmeContent = `This debug bundle contains the following files.
+If anonymization is enabled (--anonymize / --anonymize-level), the files are anonymized to protect sensitive information.
 
 status.txt: Anonymized status information of the NetBird client.
 client.log: Most recent, anonymized client log file of the NetBird client.
@@ -43,10 +44,14 @@ netbird.out: Most recent, anonymized stdout log file of the NetBird client.
 routes.txt: Detailed system routing table in tabular format including destination, gateway, interface, metrics, and protocol information, if --system-info flag was provided.
 interfaces.txt: Anonymized network interface information, if --system-info flag was provided.
 ip_rules.txt: Detailed IP routing rules in tabular format including priority, source, destination, interfaces, table, and action information (Linux only), if --system-info flag was provided.
-iptables.txt: Anonymized iptables rules with packet counters, if --system-info flag was provided.
-nftables.txt: Anonymized nftables rules with packet counters, if --system-info flag was provided.
+iptables.txt: Anonymized iptables (IPv4) rules with packet counters, if --system-info flag was provided.
+ip6tables.txt: Anonymized ip6tables (IPv6) rules with packet counters, if --system-info flag was provided.
+ipset.txt: Anonymized ipset list output, if --system-info flag was provided.
+nftables.txt: Anonymized nftables rules with packet counters across all families (ip, ip6, inet, etc.), if --system-info flag was provided.
+sysctls.txt: Forwarding, reverse-path filter, source-validation, and conntrack accounting sysctl values that the NetBird client may read or modify, if --system-info flag was provided (Linux only).
 resolv.conf: DNS resolver configuration from /etc/resolv.conf (Unix systems only), if --system-info flag was provided.
 scutil_dns.txt: DNS configuration from scutil --dns (macOS only), if --system-info flag was provided.
+dns_windows.txt: Anonymized NRPT rules and policy table in effect, DNS client policy, and per-interface and per-adapter DNS configuration (Windows only), if --system-info flag was provided.
 resolved_domains.txt: Anonymized resolved domain IP addresses from the status recorder.
 config.txt: Anonymized configuration information of the NetBird client.
 network_map.json: Anonymized sync response containing peer configurations, routes, DNS settings, and firewall rules.
@@ -61,24 +66,38 @@ allocs.prof: Allocations profiling information.
 threadcreate.prof: Thread creation profiling information.
 cpu.prof: CPU profiling information.
 stack_trace.txt: Complete stack traces of all goroutines at the time of bundle creation.
+capture.pcap: Packet capture in pcap format. Only present when capture was running during bundle collection. Omitted from anonymized bundles because it contains raw decrypted packet data.
 
 
 Anonymization Process
-The files in this bundle have been anonymized to protect sensitive information. Here's how the anonymization was applied:
+The files in this bundle have been anonymized to protect sensitive information. The level applied to this bundle is recorded at the top of this file. Here's how the anonymization was applied:
 
 IP Addresses
 
-IPv4 addresses are replaced with addresses starting from 198.51.100.0
-IPv6 addresses are replaced with addresses starting from 100::
+Default level:
+- Public IPv4 addresses are replaced with addresses starting from 198.51.100.0
+- Public IPv6 addresses are replaced with addresses starting from 2001:db8:ffff::
+- IPv6 unique local addresses (fc00::/7) are anonymized as well: their random global ID uniquely identifies the network.
+- IP addresses from internal IPv4 ranges and well-known addresses are not anonymized (e.g. 8.8.8.8, 100.64.0.0/10, addresses starting with 192.168., 172.16., 10., 169.254., fe80::).
+
+Strict level (--anonymize-level strict), in addition to the default level:
+- Private (RFC 1918), CGNAT (100.64.0.0/10), and link-local (169.254.0.0/16, fe80::/10) addresses are anonymized too.
+- Internal IPv4 addresses are replaced with addresses starting from 198.18.0.0 and internal IPv6 addresses with addresses starting from 2001:db8:1::, so internal addresses remain distinguishable from public ones.
+- Addresses are mapped in order of first appearance: subnet structure, allocation scheme, and gateway conventions are not preserved. Prefix lengths of networks are preserved.
+- Peer names in front of NetBird domains are replaced with numbered placeholders (e.g. peer-1.netbird.cloud), and subdomain labels of other domains with host-N placeholders.
+- WireGuard public keys are replaced with consistent placeholder keys.
 
-IP addresses from non public ranges and well known addresses are not anonymized (e.g. 8.8.8.8, 100.64.0.0/10, addresses starting with 192.168., 172.16., 10., etc.).
 Reoccuring IP addresses are replaced with the same anonymized address.
 
 Note: The anonymized IP addresses in the status file do not match those in the log and routes files. However, the anonymized IP addresses are consistent within the status file and across the routes and log files.
 
+MAC Addresses
+MAC addresses are replaced at every anonymization level with consistent placeholders counting up from 02:00:00:00:00:01. Broadcast, multicast, and all-zero addresses are kept. At the default level a preserved IPv6 link-local address may still embed a MAC address (EUI-64); the strict level anonymizes those addresses.
+
 Domains
 All domain names (except for the netbird domains) are replaced with randomly generated strings ending in ".domain". Anonymized domains are consistent across all files in the bundle.
 Reoccuring domain names are replaced with the same anonymized domain.
+At the strict level, the peer name labels in front of netbird domains are anonymized as well.
 
 Sync Response
 The network_map.json file contains the following anonymized information:
@@ -162,22 +181,33 @@ The config.txt file contains anonymized configuration information of the NetBird
 Other non-sensitive configuration options are included without anonymization.
 
 Firewall Rules (Linux only)
-The bundle includes two separate firewall rule files:
+The bundle includes the following firewall-related files:
 
 iptables.txt:
-- Complete iptables ruleset with packet counters using 'iptables -v -n -L'
+- IPv4 iptables ruleset with packet counters using 'iptables-save' and 'iptables -v -n -L'
 - Includes all tables (filter, nat, mangle, raw, security)
 - Shows packet and byte counters for each rule
 - All IP addresses are anonymized
 - Chain names, table names, and other non-sensitive information remain unchanged
 
+ip6tables.txt:
+- IPv6 ip6tables ruleset with packet counters using 'ip6tables-save' and 'ip6tables -v -n -L'
+- Same table coverage and anonymization as iptables.txt
+- Omitted when ip6tables is not installed or no IPv6 rules are present
+
+ipset.txt:
+- Output of 'ipset list' (family-agnostic)
+- IP addresses are anonymized; set names and types remain unchanged
+
 nftables.txt:
-- Complete nftables ruleset obtained via 'nft -a list ruleset'
+- Complete nftables ruleset across all families (ip, ip6, inet, arp, bridge, netdev) via 'nft -a list ruleset'
 - Includes rule handle numbers and packet counters
-- All tables, chains, and rules are included
-- Shows packet and byte counters for each rule
-- All IP addresses are anonymized
-- Chain names, table names, and other non-sensitive information remain unchanged
+- All IP addresses are anonymized; chain/table names remain unchanged
+
+sysctls.txt:
+- Forwarding (IPv4 + IPv6, global and per-interface), reverse-path filter, source-validation, conntrack accounting, and TCP-related sysctls that netbird may read or modify
+- Per-interface keys are enumerated from /proc/sys/net/ipv{4,6}/conf
+- Interface names anonymized when --anonymize is set
 
 IP Rules (Linux only)
 The ip_rules.txt file contains detailed IP routing rule information:
@@ -208,6 +238,13 @@ scutil_dns.txt (macOS only):
 - Shows DNS configuration for all network interfaces
 - Includes search domains, nameservers, and DNS resolver settings
 - All IP addresses and domain names are anonymized
+
+dns_windows.txt (Windows only):
+- Lists the NRPT rules of both policy stores, the local one and the group policy one, marking the rules the client created
+- Follows them with the policy table the resolver has loaded, which differs from the rules while a change has not been picked up yet
+- Includes the DNS client group policy, the global TCP/IP and Dnscache parameters, and the DNS values of every interface that has any
+- Ends with the resolver configuration in effect per adapter, from GetAdaptersAddresses
+- All IP addresses and domain names are anonymized
 `
 
 const (
@@ -215,6 +252,12 @@ const (
 	errorLogFile  = "netbird.err"
 	stdoutLogFile = "netbird.out"
 
+	// Rotated-log glob prefixes (base log name without extension) passed to
+	// addRotatedLogFiles. The daemon's own log and the GUI log live in the same
+	// dir, so the prefixes must be disjoint to keep their rotated siblings apart.
+	clientLogPrefix = "client"
+	uiLogPrefix     = "gui-client"
+
 	darwinErrorLogPath  = "/var/log/netbird.out.log"
 	darwinStdoutLogPath = "/var/log/netbird.err.log"
 )
@@ -224,6 +267,20 @@ type MetricsExporter interface {
 	Export(w io.Writer) error
 }
 
+// LogOpener opens a log file for inclusion in the bundle. It exists so that log
+// files whose path was supplied by an IPC caller can be opened under a check
+// the daemon defines, instead of being opened with the daemon's privileges
+// unconditionally.
+type LogOpener func(path string) (*os.File, error)
+
+func openLogFile(path string) (*os.File, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return f, nil
+}
+
 type BundleGenerator struct {
 	anonymizer *anonymize.Anonymizer
 
@@ -232,12 +289,19 @@ type BundleGenerator struct {
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 	syncResponse   *mgmProto.SyncResponse
 	logPath        string
+	uiLogPath      string
+	uiLogOpener    LogOpener
 	tempDir        string
+	statePath      string
 	cpuProfile     []byte
+	capturePath    string
 	refreshStatus  func() // Optional callback to refresh status before bundle generation
 	clientMetrics  MetricsExporter
+	daemonVersion  string
+	cliVersion     string
 
 	anonymize         bool
+	anonymizeLevel    anonymize.Level
 	includeSystemInfo bool
 	logFileCount      uint32
 
@@ -245,7 +309,10 @@ type BundleGenerator struct {
 }
 
 type BundleConfig struct {
-	Anonymize         bool
+	Anonymize bool
+	// AnonymizeLevel selects how much the anonymizer redacts.
+	// anonymize.LevelStrict implies Anonymize.
+	AnonymizeLevel    anonymize.Level
 	IncludeSystemInfo bool
 	LogFileCount      uint32
 }
@@ -255,10 +322,21 @@ type GeneratorDependencies struct {
 	StatusRecorder *peer.Status
 	SyncResponse   *mgmProto.SyncResponse
 	LogPath        string
-	TempDir        string // Directory for temporary bundle zip files. If empty, os.TempDir() is used.
-	CPUProfile     []byte
-	RefreshStatus  func() // Optional callback to refresh status before bundle generation
-	ClientMetrics  MetricsExporter
+	UILogPath      string // Absolute path to the desktop UI's gui-client.log, reported via RegisterUILog. Empty if no UI registered one.
+	// UILogOpener opens the UI log and its rotated siblings. The path comes from
+	// a local IPC caller, so the daemon must not open it with plain os.Open: the
+	// opener is where the caller's right to that file is enforced. Defaults to
+	// os.Open, which is only correct where the path is not caller-supplied
+	// (mobile).
+	UILogOpener   LogOpener
+	TempDir       string // Directory for temporary bundle zip files. If empty, os.TempDir() is used.
+	StatePath     string // Path to the state file. If empty, the ServiceManager default path is used.
+	CPUProfile    []byte
+	CapturePath   string
+	RefreshStatus func()
+	ClientMetrics MetricsExporter
+	DaemonVersion string
+	CliVersion    string
 }
 
 func NewBundleGenerator(deps GeneratorDependencies, cfg BundleConfig) *BundleGenerator {
@@ -268,19 +346,34 @@ func NewBundleGenerator(deps GeneratorDependencies, cfg BundleConfig) *BundleGen
 		logFileCount = 1
 	}
 
+	uiLogOpener := deps.UILogOpener
+	if uiLogOpener == nil {
+		uiLogOpener = openLogFile
+	}
+
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+	anonymizer.SetLevel(cfg.AnonymizeLevel)
+
 	return &BundleGenerator{
-		anonymizer: anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses()),
+		anonymizer: anonymizer,
 
 		internalConfig: deps.InternalConfig,
 		statusRecorder: deps.StatusRecorder,
 		syncResponse:   deps.SyncResponse,
 		logPath:        deps.LogPath,
+		uiLogPath:      deps.UILogPath,
+		uiLogOpener:    uiLogOpener,
 		tempDir:        deps.TempDir,
+		statePath:      deps.StatePath,
 		cpuProfile:     deps.CPUProfile,
+		capturePath:    deps.CapturePath,
 		refreshStatus:  deps.RefreshStatus,
 		clientMetrics:  deps.ClientMetrics,
+		daemonVersion:  deps.DaemonVersion,
+		cliVersion:     deps.CliVersion,
 
-		anonymize:         cfg.Anonymize,
+		anonymize:         cfg.Anonymize || cfg.AnonymizeLevel >= anonymize.LevelStrict,
+		anonymizeLevel:    cfg.AnonymizeLevel,
 		includeSystemInfo: cfg.IncludeSystemInfo,
 		logFileCount:      logFileCount,
 	}
@@ -346,6 +439,10 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) createArchive() error {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add CPU profile to debug bundle: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := g.addCaptureFile(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add capture file to debug bundle: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	if err := g.addStackTrace(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add stack trace to debug bundle: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -378,6 +475,10 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) createArchive() error {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add logs to debug bundle: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := g.addUILog(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add UI log to debug bundle: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	if err := g.addUpdateLogs(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add updater logs: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -402,13 +503,23 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addSystemInfo() {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add firewall rules to debug bundle: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := g.addSysctls(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to add sysctls to debug bundle: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	if err := g.addDNSInfo(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to add DNS info to debug bundle: %v", err)
 	}
 }
 
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addReadme() error {
-	readmeReader := strings.NewReader(readmeContent)
+	level := "none (anonymization disabled)"
+	if g.anonymize {
+		level = g.anonymizeLevel.String()
+	}
+	header := fmt.Sprintf("Netbird debug bundle\nAnonymization level applied to this bundle: %s\n", level)
+
+	readmeReader := strings.NewReader(header + readmeContent)
 	if err := g.addFileToZip(readmeReader, "README.txt"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add README file to zip: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -429,11 +540,13 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addStatus() error {
 
 		fullStatus := g.statusRecorder.GetFullStatus()
 		protoFullStatus := nbstatus.ToProtoFullStatus(fullStatus)
-		protoFullStatus.Events = g.statusRecorder.GetEventHistory()
 		overview := nbstatus.ConvertToStatusOutputOverview(protoFullStatus, nbstatus.ConvertOptions{
-			Anonymize:   g.anonymize,
-			ProfileName: profName,
+			Anonymize:      g.anonymize,
+			AnonymizeLevel: g.anonymizeLevel,
+			ProfileName:    profName,
+			DaemonVersion:  g.daemonVersion,
 		})
+		overview.CliVersion = g.cliVersion
 		statusOutput := overview.FullDetailSummary()
 
 		statusReader := strings.NewReader(statusOutput)
@@ -480,6 +593,14 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addConfig() error {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Surface the set of MDM-enforced keys so a support engineer reading
+	// the bundle can tell which field values are user-set vs MDM-overridden.
+	// Same semantics as the mDMManagedFields list returned by the
+	// GetConfig RPC consumed by `netbird debug config`.
+	if managed := g.internalConfig.Policy().ManagedKeys(); len(managed) > 0 {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("MDMManagedFields: %v\n", managed))
+	}
+
 	configReader := strings.NewReader(configContent.String())
 	if err := g.addFileToZip(configReader, "config.txt"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add config file to zip: %w", err)
@@ -575,6 +696,9 @@ func isSensitiveEnvVar(key string) bool {
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addCommonConfigFields(configContent *strings.Builder) {
 	configContent.WriteString("NetBird Client Configuration:\n\n")
 
+	if key, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(g.internalConfig.PrivateKey); err == nil {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("PublicKey: %s\n", g.anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey(key.PublicKey().String())))
+	}
 	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("WgIface: %s\n", g.internalConfig.WgIface))
 	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("WgPort: %d\n", g.internalConfig.WgPort))
 	if g.internalConfig.NetworkMonitor != nil {
@@ -587,6 +711,9 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addCommonConfigFields(configContent *strings.Builder)
 	if g.internalConfig.ServerSSHAllowed != nil {
 		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("ServerSSHAllowed: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.ServerSSHAllowed))
 	}
+	if g.internalConfig.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("RemoteJobsAllowed: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.RemoteJobsAllowed))
+	}
 	if g.internalConfig.EnableSSHRoot != nil {
 		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("EnableSSHRoot: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.EnableSSHRoot))
 	}
@@ -599,6 +726,12 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addCommonConfigFields(configContent *strings.Builder)
 	if g.internalConfig.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil {
 		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding))
 	}
+	if g.internalConfig.DisableSSHAuth != nil {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DisableSSHAuth: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.DisableSSHAuth))
+	}
+	if g.internalConfig.SSHJWTCacheTTL != nil {
+		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("SSHJWTCacheTTL: %d\n", *g.internalConfig.SSHJWTCacheTTL))
+	}
 
 	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DisableClientRoutes: %v\n", g.internalConfig.DisableClientRoutes))
 	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DisableServerRoutes: %v\n", g.internalConfig.DisableServerRoutes))
@@ -606,6 +739,10 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addCommonConfigFields(configContent *strings.Builder)
 	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DisableFirewall: %v\n", g.internalConfig.DisableFirewall))
 	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("BlockLANAccess: %v\n", g.internalConfig.BlockLANAccess))
 	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("BlockInbound: %v\n", g.internalConfig.BlockInbound))
+	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DisableIPv6: %v\n", g.internalConfig.DisableIPv6))
+	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("LocalMetricsEnabled: %v\n", g.internalConfig.LocalMetricsEnabled))
+	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("LocalMetricsAddress: %s\n", g.internalConfig.LocalMetricsAddress))
+	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("SyncMessageVersion: %v\n", g.internalConfig.SyncMessageVersion))
 
 	if g.internalConfig.DisableNotifications != nil {
 		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("DisableNotifications: %v\n", *g.internalConfig.DisableNotifications))
@@ -624,7 +761,8 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addCommonConfigFields(configContent *strings.Builder)
 		configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("ClientCertKeyPath: %s\n", g.internalConfig.ClientCertKeyPath))
 	}
 
-	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("LazyConnectionEnabled: %v\n", g.internalConfig.LazyConnectionEnabled))
+	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("LazyConnection: %q\n", g.internalConfig.LazyConnection))
+	configContent.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("MTU: %d\n", g.internalConfig.MTU))
 }
 
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addProf() (err error) {
@@ -669,6 +807,29 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addCPUProfile() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addCaptureFile() error {
+	if g.capturePath == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if g.anonymize {
+		log.Info("skipping capture file in anonymized bundle (contains raw packet data)")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Open(g.capturePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open capture file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	if err := g.addFileToZip(f, "capture.pcap"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add capture file to zip: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addStackTrace() error {
 	buf := make([]byte, 5242880) // 5 MB buffer
 	n := runtime.Stack(buf, true)
@@ -736,6 +897,8 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addSyncResponse() error {
 		AllowPartial:    true,
 	}
 
+	g.maskSecrets()
+
 	jsonBytes, err := options.Marshal(g.syncResponse)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("generate json: %w", err)
@@ -748,9 +911,33 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addSyncResponse() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (g *BundleGenerator) maskSecrets() {
+	if g.syncResponse == nil || g.syncResponse.NetbirdConfig == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if g.syncResponse.NetbirdConfig.Flow != nil {
+		g.syncResponse.NetbirdConfig.Flow.TokenPayload = maskedValue
+
+	}
+
+	if g.syncResponse.NetbirdConfig.Relay != nil {
+		g.syncResponse.NetbirdConfig.Relay.TokenPayload = maskedValue
+	}
+
+	for i := range g.syncResponse.NetbirdConfig.Turns {
+		if g.syncResponse.NetbirdConfig.Turns[i] != nil {
+			g.syncResponse.NetbirdConfig.Turns[i].Password = maskedValue
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addStateFile() error {
-	sm := profilemanager.NewServiceManager("")
-	path := sm.GetStatePath()
+	path := g.statePath
+	if path == "" {
+		sm := profilemanager.NewServiceManager("")
+		path = sm.GetStatePath()
+	}
 	if path == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -805,6 +992,11 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addUpdateLogs() error {
 		}
 
 		baseName := filepath.Base(logFile)
+		data, err = g.anonymizeBytes(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("skipping update log file %s: %v", baseName, err)
+			continue
+		}
 		if err := g.addFileToZip(bytes.NewReader(data), filepath.Join("update-logs", baseName)); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("add update log file %s to zip: %w", baseName, err)
 		}
@@ -832,6 +1024,13 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addCorruptedStateFiles() error {
 		}
 
 		fileName := filepath.Base(match)
+		// Corrupted state files usually fail structured JSON anonymization,
+		// so run them through the string anonymizer instead.
+		data, err = g.anonymizeBytes(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("skipping corrupted state file %s: %v", fileName, err)
+			continue
+		}
 		if err := g.addFileToZip(bytes.NewReader(data), "corrupted_states/"+fileName); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to add corrupted state file %s to zip: %v", fileName, err)
 			continue
@@ -843,6 +1042,27 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addCorruptedStateFiles() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// anonymizeBytes runs raw file content through the string anonymizer line by
+// line when anonymization is enabled. It errors instead of returning partial
+// content, so a caller never adds an unanonymized fallback to the bundle.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) anonymizeBytes(data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if !g.anonymize {
+		return data, nil
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(data))
+	scanner.Buffer(make([]byte, 1024*1024), 1024*1024)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		buf.WriteString(g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(scanner.Text()))
+		buf.WriteByte('\n')
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("anonymize content: %w", err)
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addMetrics() error {
 	if g.clientMetrics == nil {
 		log.Debugf("skipping metrics in debug bundle: no metrics collector")
@@ -875,11 +1095,11 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addLogfile() error {
 
 	logDir := filepath.Dir(g.logPath)
 
-	if err := g.addSingleLogfile(g.logPath, clientLogFile); err != nil {
+	if err := g.addSingleLogfile(openLogFile, g.logPath, clientLogFile); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add client log file to zip: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	g.addRotatedLogFiles(logDir)
+	g.addRotatedLogFiles(openLogFile, logDir, clientLogPrefix)
 
 	stdErrLogPath := filepath.Join(logDir, errorLogFile)
 	stdoutLogPath := filepath.Join(logDir, stdoutLogFile)
@@ -888,20 +1108,39 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addLogfile() error {
 		stdoutLogPath = darwinStdoutLogPath
 	}
 
-	if err := g.addSingleLogfile(stdErrLogPath, errorLogFile); err != nil {
+	if err := g.addSingleLogfile(openLogFile, stdErrLogPath, errorLogFile); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed to add %s to zip: %v", errorLogFile, err)
 	}
 
-	if err := g.addSingleLogfile(stdoutLogPath, stdoutLogFile); err != nil {
+	if err := g.addSingleLogfile(openLogFile, stdoutLogPath, stdoutLogFile); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("Failed to add %s to zip: %v", stdoutLogFile, err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// addUILog adds the desktop UI's gui-client.log (and its rotated siblings) to
+// the bundle. The path is reported by the UI via RegisterUILog; empty when no
+// UI registered one (e.g. headless / server). Missing file is non-fatal — the
+// UI only writes it while the daemon is in debug, so it's often absent.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addUILog() error {
+	if g.uiLogPath == "" {
+		log.Debugf("no UI log path registered, skipping in debug bundle")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := g.addSingleLogfile(g.uiLogOpener, g.uiLogPath, configs.UILogFile); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add UI log file to zip: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	g.addRotatedLogFiles(g.uiLogOpener, filepath.Dir(g.uiLogPath), uiLogPrefix)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // addSingleLogfile adds a single log file to the archive
-func (g *BundleGenerator) addSingleLogfile(logPath, targetName string) error {
-	logFile, err := os.Open(logPath)
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addSingleLogfile(open LogOpener, logPath, targetName string) error {
+	logFile, err := open(logPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("open log file %s: %w", targetName, err)
 	}
@@ -926,8 +1165,8 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addSingleLogfile(logPath, targetName string) error {
 }
 
 // addSingleLogFileGz adds a single gzipped log file to the archive
-func (g *BundleGenerator) addSingleLogFileGz(logPath, targetName string) error {
-	f, err := os.Open(logPath)
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addSingleLogFileGz(open LogOpener, logPath, targetName string) error {
+	f, err := open(logPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("open gz log file %s: %w", targetName, err)
 	}
@@ -971,13 +1210,16 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addSingleLogFileGz(logPath, targetName string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// addRotatedLogFiles adds rotated log files to the bundle based on logFileCount
-func (g *BundleGenerator) addRotatedLogFiles(logDir string) {
+// addRotatedLogFiles adds rotated log files to the bundle based on logFileCount.
+// prefix is the base log name without extension (e.g. "client", "gui-client");
+// the glob matches both files rotated by us and by logrotate on linux.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addRotatedLogFiles(open LogOpener, logDir, prefix string) {
 	if g.logFileCount == 0 {
 		return
 	}
 
-	pattern := filepath.Join(logDir, "client-*.log.gz")
+	// This pattern matches both logs rotated by us and logrotate on linux
+	pattern := filepath.Join(logDir, prefix+"*.log.*")
 	files, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("failed to glob rotated logs: %v", err)
@@ -1010,7 +1252,12 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addRotatedLogFiles(logDir string) {
 
 	for i := 0; i < maxFiles; i++ {
 		name := filepath.Base(files[i])
-		if err := g.addSingleLogFileGz(files[i], name); err != nil {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(name, ".gz") {
+			err = g.addSingleLogFileGz(open, files[i], name)
+		} else {
+			err = g.addSingleLogfile(open, files[i], name)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed to add rotated log %s: %v", name, err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -1252,6 +1499,21 @@ func anonymizePeerConfig(config *mgmProto.PeerConfig, anonymizer *anonymize.Anon
 		config.Address = anonymizer.AnonymizeIP(addr).String()
 	}
 
+	if len(config.GetAddressV6()) > 0 {
+		v6Prefix, err := netiputil.DecodePrefix(config.GetAddressV6())
+		if err != nil {
+			config.AddressV6 = nil
+		} else {
+			anonV6 := anonymizer.AnonymizeIP(v6Prefix.Addr())
+			b, err := netiputil.EncodePrefix(netip.PrefixFrom(anonV6, v6Prefix.Bits()))
+			if err != nil {
+				config.AddressV6 = nil
+			} else {
+				config.AddressV6 = b
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	anonymizeSSHConfig(config.SshConfig)
 
 	config.Dns = anonymizer.AnonymizeString(config.Dns)
@@ -1273,6 +1535,7 @@ func anonymizeRemotePeer(peer *mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig, anonymizer *anonymize.
 	}
 
 	peer.Fqdn = anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain(peer.Fqdn)
+	peer.WgPubKey = anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey(peer.WgPubKey)
 
 	anonymizeSSHConfig(peer.SshConfig)
 }
@@ -1354,8 +1617,20 @@ func anonymizeFirewallRule(rule *mgmProto.FirewallRule, anonymizer *anonymize.An
 		return
 	}
 
+	//nolint:staticcheck // PeerIP used for backward compatibility
 	if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(rule.PeerIP); err == nil {
-		rule.PeerIP = anonymizer.AnonymizeIP(addr).String()
+		rule.PeerIP = anonymizer.AnonymizeIP(addr).String() //nolint:staticcheck
+	}
+
+	for i, raw := range rule.GetSourcePrefixes() {
+		p, err := netiputil.DecodePrefix(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		anonAddr := anonymizer.AnonymizeIP(p.Addr())
+		if b, err := netiputil.EncodePrefix(netip.PrefixFrom(anonAddr, p.Bits())); err == nil {
+			rule.SourcePrefixes[i] = b
+		}
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug_ios.go b/client/internal/debug/debug_ios.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..001d64241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug_ios.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//go:build ios
+
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// swiftLogFile is the Swift app log written by the iOS app into the same log
+// directory as the Go client log, so it can be collected into the bundle.
+const swiftLogFile = "swift-log.log"
+
+// addPlatformLog collects logs for the iOS debug bundle. iOS has no logcat or
+// systemd journal, so we rely on file-based logs. addLogfile handles the Go
+// client log (logPath) with rotation, the stderr/stdout companions and
+// anonymization. The iOS app writes its own Swift log into the same directory,
+// so we add it alongside the Go log.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addPlatformLog() error {
+	if err := g.addLogfile(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if g.logPath == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	swiftLogPath := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(g.logPath), swiftLogFile)
+	if err := g.addSingleLogfile(openLogFile, swiftLogPath, swiftLogFile); err != nil {
+		// The Swift log is best-effort: the app may not have written it yet.
+		log.Warnf("failed to add %s to debug bundle: %v", swiftLogFile, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug_linux.go b/client/internal/debug/debug_linux.go
index aedf88b79..a36c0c0e7 100644
--- a/client/internal/debug/debug_linux.go
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug_linux.go
@@ -124,15 +124,18 @@ func getSystemdLogs(serviceName string) (string, error) {
 // addFirewallRules collects and adds firewall rules to the archive
 func (g *BundleGenerator) addFirewallRules() error {
 	log.Info("Collecting firewall rules")
-	iptablesRules, err := collectIPTablesRules()
+	g.addIPTablesRulesToBundle("iptables-save", "iptables", "iptables.txt")
+	g.addIPTablesRulesToBundle("ip6tables-save", "ip6tables", "ip6tables.txt")
+
+	ipsetOutput, err := collectIPSets()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("Failed to collect iptables rules: %v", err)
+		log.Warnf("Failed to collect ipset information: %v", err)
 	} else {
 		if g.anonymize {
-			iptablesRules = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(iptablesRules)
+			ipsetOutput = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(ipsetOutput)
 		}
-		if err := g.addFileToZip(strings.NewReader(iptablesRules), "iptables.txt"); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Failed to add iptables rules to bundle: %v", err)
+		if err := g.addFileToZip(strings.NewReader(ipsetOutput), "ipset.txt"); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Failed to add ipset output to bundle: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -151,44 +154,65 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addFirewallRules() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// collectIPTablesRules collects rules using both iptables-save and verbose listing
-func collectIPTablesRules() (string, error) {
-	var builder strings.Builder
-
-	saveOutput, err := collectIPTablesSave()
+// addIPTablesRulesToBundle collects iptables/ip6tables rules and writes them to the bundle.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addIPTablesRulesToBundle(saveBin, listBin, filename string) {
+	rules, err := collectIPTablesRules(saveBin, listBin)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("Failed to collect iptables rules using iptables-save: %v", err)
-	} else {
-		builder.WriteString("=== iptables-save output ===\n")
+		log.Warnf("Failed to collect %s rules: %v", listBin, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if g.anonymize {
+		rules = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(rules)
+	}
+	if err := g.addFileToZip(strings.NewReader(rules), filename); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to add %s rules to bundle: %v", listBin, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// collectIPTablesRules collects rules using both <saveBin> and verbose listing via <listBin>.
+// Returns an error when neither command produced any output (e.g. the binary is missing),
+// so the caller can skip writing an empty file.
+func collectIPTablesRules(saveBin, listBin string) (string, error) {
+	var builder strings.Builder
+	var collected bool
+	var firstErr error
+
+	saveOutput, err := runCommand(saveBin)
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		firstErr = err
+		log.Warnf("Failed to collect %s output: %v", saveBin, err)
+	case strings.TrimSpace(saveOutput) == "":
+		log.Debugf("%s produced no output, skipping", saveBin)
+	default:
+		builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("=== %s output ===\n", saveBin))
 		builder.WriteString(saveOutput)
 		builder.WriteString("\n")
+		collected = true
 	}
 
-	ipsetOutput, err := collectIPSets()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("Failed to collect ipset information: %v", err)
-	} else {
-		builder.WriteString("=== ipset list output ===\n")
-		builder.WriteString(ipsetOutput)
-		builder.WriteString("\n")
-	}
-
-	builder.WriteString("=== iptables -v -n -L output ===\n")
+	listHeader := fmt.Sprintf("=== %s -v -n -L output ===\n", listBin)
+	builder.WriteString(listHeader)
 
 	tables := []string{"filter", "nat", "mangle", "raw", "security"}
-
 	for _, table := range tables {
-		builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("*%s\n", table))
-
-		stats, err := getTableStatistics(table)
+		stats, err := runCommand(listBin, "-v", "-n", "-L", "-t", table)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Failed to get statistics for table %s: %v", table, err)
+			if firstErr == nil {
+				firstErr = err
+			}
+			log.Warnf("Failed to get %s statistics for table %s: %v", listBin, table, err)
 			continue
 		}
+		builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("*%s\n", table))
 		builder.WriteString(stats)
 		builder.WriteString("\n")
+		collected = true
 	}
 
+	if !collected {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("collect %s rules: %w", listBin, firstErr)
+	}
 	return builder.String(), nil
 }
 
@@ -214,34 +238,15 @@ func collectIPSets() (string, error) {
 	return ipsets, nil
 }
 
-// collectIPTablesSave uses iptables-save to get rule definitions
-func collectIPTablesSave() (string, error) {
-	cmd := exec.Command("iptables-save")
+// runCommand executes a command and returns its stdout, wrapping stderr in the error on failure.
+func runCommand(name string, args ...string) (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.Command(name, args...)
 	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
 	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
 	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
 
 	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("execute iptables-save: %w (stderr: %s)", err, stderr.String())
-	}
-
-	rules := stdout.String()
-	if strings.TrimSpace(rules) == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("no iptables rules found")
-	}
-
-	return rules, nil
-}
-
-// getTableStatistics gets verbose statistics for an entire table using iptables command
-func getTableStatistics(table string) (string, error) {
-	cmd := exec.Command("iptables", "-v", "-n", "-L", "-t", table)
-	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
-	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
-
-	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("execute iptables -v -n -L: %w (stderr: %s)", err, stderr.String())
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("execute %s: %w (stderr: %s)", name, err, stderr.String())
 	}
 
 	return stdout.String(), nil
@@ -804,3 +809,95 @@ func formatSetKeyType(keyType nftables.SetDatatype) string {
 		return fmt.Sprintf("type-%v", keyType)
 	}
 }
+
+// addSysctls collects forwarding and netbird-managed sysctl values and writes them to the bundle.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addSysctls() error {
+	log.Info("Collecting sysctls")
+	content := collectSysctls()
+	if g.anonymize {
+		content = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(content)
+	}
+	if err := g.addFileToZip(strings.NewReader(content), "sysctls.txt"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add sysctls to bundle: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// collectSysctls reads every sysctl that the netbird client may modify, plus
+// global IPv4/IPv6 forwarding, and returns a formatted dump grouped by topic.
+// Per-interface values are enumerated by listing /proc/sys/net/ipv{4,6}/conf.
+func collectSysctls() string {
+	var builder strings.Builder
+
+	writeSysctlGroup(&builder, "forwarding", []string{
+		"net.ipv4.ip_forward",
+		"net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding",
+		"net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding",
+	})
+	writeSysctlGroup(&builder, "ipv4 per-interface forwarding", listInterfaceSysctls("ipv4", "forwarding"))
+	writeSysctlGroup(&builder, "ipv6 per-interface forwarding", listInterfaceSysctls("ipv6", "forwarding"))
+	writeSysctlGroup(&builder, "rp_filter", append(
+		[]string{"net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter", "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter"},
+		listInterfaceSysctls("ipv4", "rp_filter")...,
+	))
+	writeSysctlGroup(&builder, "src_valid_mark", append(
+		[]string{"net.ipv4.conf.all.src_valid_mark", "net.ipv4.conf.default.src_valid_mark"},
+		listInterfaceSysctls("ipv4", "src_valid_mark")...,
+	))
+	writeSysctlGroup(&builder, "accept_ra", append(
+		[]string{"net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra", "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra"},
+		listInterfaceSysctls("ipv6", "accept_ra")...,
+	))
+	writeSysctlGroup(&builder, "conntrack", []string{
+		"net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_acct",
+		"net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_loose",
+	})
+	writeSysctlGroup(&builder, "tcp", []string{
+		"net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse",
+	})
+
+	return builder.String()
+}
+
+func writeSysctlGroup(builder *strings.Builder, title string, keys []string) {
+	builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("=== %s ===\n", title))
+	for _, key := range keys {
+		value, err := readSysctl(key)
+		if err != nil {
+			builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s = <error: %v>\n", key, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		builder.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s = %s\n", key, value))
+	}
+	builder.WriteString("\n")
+}
+
+// listInterfaceSysctls returns net.ipvX.conf.<iface>.<leaf> keys for every
+// interface present in /proc/sys/net/ipvX/conf, skipping "all" and "default"
+// (callers add those explicitly so they appear first).
+func listInterfaceSysctls(family, leaf string) []string {
+	dir := fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/net/%s/conf", family)
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var keys []string
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		name := e.Name()
+		if name == "all" || name == "default" {
+			continue
+		}
+		keys = append(keys, fmt.Sprintf("net.%s.conf.%s.%s", family, name, leaf))
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	return keys
+}
+
+func readSysctl(key string) (string, error) {
+	path := fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/%s", strings.ReplaceAll(key, ".", "/"))
+	value, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(value)), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug_logfiles_test.go b/client/internal/debug/debug_logfiles_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31420711f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug_logfiles_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestAddRotatedLogFiles_PicksUpAllVariants asserts that the rotated-log
+// glob picks up logs rotated by timberjack (gzipped) and by logrotate (plain
+// and gzipped), and skips unrelated files.
+func TestAddRotatedLogFiles_PicksUpAllVariants(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "client.log"), "active log\n")
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "other.log"), "unrelated\n")
+
+	timberjackRotated := "client-2026-05-21T10-30-45.000.log.gz"
+	writeGzFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, timberjackRotated), "timberjack rotated content\n")
+
+	logrotatePlain := "client.log.1"
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, logrotatePlain), "logrotate plain content\n")
+
+	logrotateGz := "client.log.2.gz"
+	writeGzFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, logrotateGz), "logrotate gz content\n")
+
+	names := runAddRotatedLogFiles(t, dir, 10)
+
+	require.Contains(t, names, timberjackRotated, "timberjack rotated file should be in bundle")
+	require.Contains(t, names, logrotatePlain, "logrotate plain rotated file should be in bundle")
+	require.Contains(t, names, logrotateGz, "logrotate gzipped rotated file should be in bundle")
+	require.NotContains(t, names, "client.log", "active log should not be added by addRotatedLogFiles")
+	require.NotContains(t, names, "other.log", "unrelated files should not be in bundle")
+}
+
+// TestAddRotatedLogFiles_GUIPrefix asserts the prefix parameter scopes the glob
+// to the GUI log: gui-client.log.* rotated siblings are picked up and the
+// daemon's own client.log.* are not (and vice versa, covered above). This is
+// the load-bearing check for the gui-client.log bundle collection — the old
+// "client*.log.*" glob would have missed gui-client rotations.
+func TestAddRotatedLogFiles_GUIPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "gui-client.log.1"), "gui rotated\n")
+	writeGzFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "gui-client.log.2.gz"), "gui rotated gz\n")
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "client.log.1"), "daemon rotated\n")
+
+	names := runAddRotatedLogFilesPrefix(t, dir, "gui-client", 10)
+
+	require.Contains(t, names, "gui-client.log.1", "gui-client rotated file should be in bundle")
+	require.Contains(t, names, "gui-client.log.2.gz", "gui-client gz rotated file should be in bundle")
+	require.NotContains(t, names, "client.log.1", "daemon rotated file must not match the gui-client prefix")
+}
+
+// TestAddRotatedLogFiles_RespectsLogFileCount asserts that only the newest
+// logFileCount rotated files are bundled, ordered by mtime.
+func TestAddRotatedLogFiles_RespectsLogFileCount(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	oldest := filepath.Join(dir, "client.log.3")
+	middle := filepath.Join(dir, "client.log.2")
+	newest := filepath.Join(dir, "client.log.1")
+	writeFile(t, oldest, "old\n")
+	writeFile(t, middle, "mid\n")
+	writeFile(t, newest, "new\n")
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chtimes(oldest, now.Add(-2*time.Hour), now.Add(-2*time.Hour)))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chtimes(middle, now.Add(-1*time.Hour), now.Add(-1*time.Hour)))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chtimes(newest, now, now))
+
+	names := runAddRotatedLogFiles(t, dir, 2)
+
+	require.Contains(t, names, "client.log.1")
+	require.Contains(t, names, "client.log.2")
+	require.NotContains(t, names, "client.log.3", "oldest file should be dropped when logFileCount=2")
+}
+
+// runAddRotatedLogFiles calls addRotatedLogFiles against a fresh in-memory
+// zip writer and returns the set of entry names that ended up in the archive.
+func runAddRotatedLogFiles(t *testing.T, dir string, logFileCount uint32) map[string]struct{} {
+	return runAddRotatedLogFilesPrefix(t, dir, "client", logFileCount)
+}
+
+func runAddRotatedLogFilesPrefix(t *testing.T, dir, prefix string, logFileCount uint32) map[string]struct{} {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	g := &BundleGenerator{
+		archive:      zip.NewWriter(&buf),
+		logFileCount: logFileCount,
+	}
+	g.addRotatedLogFiles(openLogFile, dir, prefix)
+	require.NoError(t, g.archive.Close())
+
+	zr, err := zip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()), int64(buf.Len()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	names := make(map[string]struct{}, len(zr.File))
+	for _, f := range zr.File {
+		names[f.Name] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+func writeFile(t *testing.T, path, content string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o644))
+}
+
+func writeGzFile(t *testing.T, path, content string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	gw := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+	_, err := io.WriteString(gw, content)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, gw.Close())
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, buf.Bytes(), 0o644))
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug_nonandroid.go b/client/internal/debug/debug_nonandroid.go
index 117238dec..2dfca6ddc 100644
--- a/client/internal/debug/debug_nonandroid.go
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug_nonandroid.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build !android && !ios
 
 package debug
 
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug_nonlinux.go b/client/internal/debug/debug_nonlinux.go
index ace53bd94..878fee40f 100644
--- a/client/internal/debug/debug_nonlinux.go
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug_nonlinux.go
@@ -17,3 +17,8 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) addIPRules() error {
 	// IP rules are only supported on Linux
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addSysctls() error {
+	// Sysctl collection is only supported on Linux
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug_nonunix.go b/client/internal/debug/debug_nonunix.go
index 18d017050..adc9b9649 100644
--- a/client/internal/debug/debug_nonunix.go
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug_nonunix.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !unix
+//go:build !unix && !windows
 
 package debug
 
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug_test.go b/client/internal/debug/debug_test.go
index 6b5bb911c..17d520358 100644
--- a/client/internal/debug/debug_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug_test.go
@@ -5,19 +5,33 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/configs"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
 )
 
+func mustEncodePrefix(t *testing.T, p netip.Prefix) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	b, err := netiputil.EncodePrefix(p)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return b
+}
+
 func TestAnonymizeStateFile(t *testing.T) {
 	testState := map[string]json.RawMessage{
 		"null_state": json.RawMessage("null"),
@@ -168,7 +182,7 @@ func TestAnonymizeStateFile(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.1", state["protected_ip"]) // Protected IP unchanged
 	assert.Equal(t, "8.8.8.8", state["well_known_ip"])   // Well-known IP unchanged
 	assert.NotEqual(t, "2001:db8::1", state["ipv6_addr"])
-	assert.Equal(t, "fd00::1", state["private_ipv6"]) // Private IPv6 unchanged
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "fd00::1", state["private_ipv6"]) // ULA IPv6 anonymized (global ID is a fingerprint)
 	assert.NotEqual(t, "test.example.com", state["domain"])
 	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(state["domain"].(string), ".domain"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "device.netbird.cloud", state["netbird_domain"]) // Netbird domain unchanged
@@ -272,11 +286,13 @@ func mustMarshal(v any) json.RawMessage {
 }
 
 func TestAnonymizeNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
+	origV6Prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8:abcd::5/64")
 	networkMap := &mgmProto.NetworkMap{
 		PeerConfig: &mgmProto.PeerConfig{
-			Address: "203.0.113.5",
-			Dns:     "1.2.3.4",
-			Fqdn:    "peer1.corp.example.com",
+			Address:   "203.0.113.5",
+			AddressV6: mustEncodePrefix(t, origV6Prefix),
+			Dns:       "1.2.3.4",
+			Fqdn:      "peer1.corp.example.com",
 			SshConfig: &mgmProto.SSHConfig{
 				SshPubKey: []byte("ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1..."),
 			},
@@ -350,6 +366,12 @@ func TestAnonymizeNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NotEqual(t, "peer1.corp.example.com", peerCfg.Fqdn)
 	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(peerCfg.Fqdn, ".domain"))
 
+	// Verify AddressV6 is anonymized but preserves prefix length
+	anonV6Prefix, err := netiputil.DecodePrefix(peerCfg.AddressV6)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, origV6Prefix.Bits(), anonV6Prefix.Bits(), "prefix length must be preserved")
+	assert.NotEqual(t, origV6Prefix.Addr(), anonV6Prefix.Addr(), "IPv6 address must be anonymized")
+
 	// Verify SSH key is replaced
 	require.Equal(t, []byte("ssh-placeholder-key"), peerCfg.SshConfig.SshPubKey)
 
@@ -471,8 +493,8 @@ func TestSanitizeServiceEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
 			anonymize: false,
 			input: map[string]any{
 				jsonKeyServiceEnv: map[string]any{
-					"HOME":       "/root",
-					"PATH":       "/usr/bin",
+					"HOME":         "/root",
+					"PATH":         "/usr/bin",
 					"NB_LOG_LEVEL": "debug",
 				},
 			},
@@ -489,9 +511,9 @@ func TestSanitizeServiceEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
 			anonymize: false,
 			input: map[string]any{
 				jsonKeyServiceEnv: map[string]any{
-					"NB_SETUP_KEY":  "abc123",
-					"NB_API_TOKEN":  "tok_xyz",
-					"NB_LOG_LEVEL":  "info",
+					"NB_SETUP_KEY": "abc123",
+					"NB_API_TOKEN": "tok_xyz",
+					"NB_LOG_LEVEL": "info",
 				},
 			},
 			check: func(t *testing.T, params map[string]any) {
@@ -655,8 +677,6 @@ func isInCGNATRange(ip net.IP) bool {
 }
 
 func TestAnonymizeFirewallRules(t *testing.T) {
-	// TODO: Add ipv6
-
 	// Example iptables-save output
 	iptablesSave := `# Generated by iptables-save v1.8.7 on Thu Dec 19 10:00:00 2024
 *filter
@@ -692,17 +712,31 @@ Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
     pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination`
 
-	// Example nftables output
+	// Example ip6tables-save output
+	ip6tablesSave := `# Generated by ip6tables-save v1.8.7 on Thu Dec 19 10:00:00 2024
+*filter
+:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
+:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
+-A INPUT -s fd00:1234::1/128 -j ACCEPT
+-A INPUT -s 2607:f8b0:4005::1/128 -j DROP
+-A FORWARD -s 2001:db8::/32 -d 2607:f8b0:4005::200e/128 -j ACCEPT
+COMMIT`
+
+	// Example nftables output with IPv6
 	nftablesRules := `table inet filter {
         chain input {
                 type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;
                 ip saddr 192.168.1.1 accept
                 ip saddr 44.192.140.1 drop
+                ip6 saddr 2607:f8b0:4005::1 drop
+                ip6 saddr fd00:1234::1 accept
         }
         chain forward {
                 type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;
                 ip saddr 10.0.0.0/8 drop
                 ip saddr 44.192.140.0/24 ip daddr 52.84.12.34/24 accept
+                ip6 saddr 2001:db8::/32 ip6 daddr 2607:f8b0:4005::200e/128 accept
         }
     }`
 
@@ -765,4 +799,173 @@ Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
 	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "table inet filter {")
 	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "chain input {")
 	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "type filter hook input priority filter; policy accept;")
+
+	// IPv6 public addresses in nftables should be anonymized
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "2607:f8b0:4005::1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "2607:f8b0:4005::200e")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "2001:db8::")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "2001:db8:ffff::") // Default anonymous v6 range
+
+	// ULA addresses in nftables should be anonymized (global ID is a fingerprint)
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonNftables, "fd00:1234::1")
+
+	// IPv6 nftables structure preserved
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "ip6 saddr")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonNftables, "ip6 daddr")
+
+	// Test ip6tables-save anonymization
+	anonIp6tablesSave := anonymizer.AnonymizeString(ip6tablesSave)
+
+	// ULA IPv6 should be anonymized (global ID is a fingerprint)
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIp6tablesSave, "fd00:1234::1/128")
+
+	// Public IPv6 addresses should be anonymized
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIp6tablesSave, "2607:f8b0:4005::1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIp6tablesSave, "2607:f8b0:4005::200e")
+	assert.NotContains(t, anonIp6tablesSave, "2001:db8::")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIp6tablesSave, "2001:db8:ffff::") // Default anonymous v6 range
+
+	// Structure should be preserved
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIp6tablesSave, "*filter")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIp6tablesSave, "COMMIT")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIp6tablesSave, "-j DROP")
+	assert.Contains(t, anonIp6tablesSave, "-j ACCEPT")
+}
+
+// TestAddConfig_AllFieldsCovered uses reflection to ensure every field in
+// profilemanager.Config is either rendered in the debug bundle or explicitly
+// excluded. When a new field is added to Config, this test fails until the
+// developer either dumps it in addConfig/addCommonConfigFields or adds it to
+// the excluded set with a justification.
+func TestAddConfig_AllFieldsCovered(t *testing.T) {
+	excluded := map[string]string{
+		"PrivateKey":           "sensitive: WireGuard private key",
+		"PreSharedKey":         "sensitive: WireGuard pre-shared key",
+		"SSHKey":               "sensitive: SSH private key",
+		"ClientCertKeyPair":    "non-config: parsed cert pair, not serialized",
+		"Name":                 "non-config: profile name is not needed for debug purposes",
+		"policy":               "non-config: in-memory MDM policy snapshot, surfaced via Config.Policy() / GetConfigResponse.MDMManagedFields",
+		"DebugBundleUploadURL": "sensitive: MDM-provided upload URL may carry credentials or query tokens; kept out of the shared bundle",
+	}
+
+	mURL, _ := url.Parse("https://api.example.com:443")
+	aURL, _ := url.Parse("https://admin.example.com:443")
+	bTrue := true
+	iVal := 42
+	cfg := &profilemanager.Config{
+		PrivateKey:                    "priv",
+		PreSharedKey:                  "psk",
+		ManagementURL:                 mURL,
+		AdminURL:                      aURL,
+		WgIface:                       "wt0",
+		WgPort:                        51820,
+		NetworkMonitor:                &bTrue,
+		IFaceBlackList:                []string{"eth0"},
+		DisableIPv6Discovery:          true,
+		RosenpassEnabled:              true,
+		RosenpassPermissive:           true,
+		ServerSSHAllowed:              &bTrue,
+		RemoteJobsAllowed:             &bTrue,
+		EnableSSHRoot:                 &bTrue,
+		EnableSSHSFTP:                 &bTrue,
+		EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding:  &bTrue,
+		EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding: &bTrue,
+		DisableSSHAuth:                &bTrue,
+		SSHJWTCacheTTL:                &iVal,
+		DisableClientRoutes:           true,
+		DisableServerRoutes:           true,
+		DisableDNS:                    true,
+		DisableFirewall:               true,
+		BlockLANAccess:                true,
+		BlockInbound:                  true,
+		DisableNotifications:          &bTrue,
+		DNSLabels:                     domain.List{},
+		SSHKey:                        "sshkey",
+		NATExternalIPs:                []string{"1.2.3.4"},
+		CustomDNSAddress:              "1.1.1.1:53",
+		DisableAutoConnect:            true,
+		DNSRouteInterval:              5 * time.Second,
+		ClientCertPath:                "/tmp/cert",
+		ClientCertKeyPath:             "/tmp/key",
+		LazyConnection:                "on",
+		DebugBundleUploadURL:          "https://upload.example.test/bundle?token=secret",
+		MTU:                           1280,
+		DisableIPv6:                   true,
+		SyncMessageVersion:            func(v int) *int { return &v }(1),
+	}
+
+	for _, anonymize := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run("anonymize="+map[bool]string{true: "true", false: "false"}[anonymize], func(t *testing.T) {
+			g := &BundleGenerator{
+				anonymizer:     newAnonymizerForTest(),
+				internalConfig: cfg,
+				anonymize:      anonymize,
+			}
+
+			var sb strings.Builder
+			g.addCommonConfigFields(&sb)
+			rendered := sb.String() + renderAddConfigSpecific(g)
+
+			// DebugBundleUploadURL is an MDM-provided value that can carry
+			// credentials or signed query tokens. It is deliberately excluded
+			// above; assert it never reaches the rendered bundle — neither the
+			// field name nor the token — in either anonymize mode.
+			assert.NotContains(t, rendered, "DebugBundleUploadURL:", "MDM upload URL field must not be serialized into the debug bundle")
+			assert.NotContains(t, rendered, "token=secret", "MDM upload URL value must not leak into the debug bundle")
+
+			val := reflect.ValueOf(cfg).Elem()
+			typ := val.Type()
+			var missing []string
+			for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+				name := typ.Field(i).Name
+				if _, ok := excluded[name]; ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				if !strings.Contains(rendered, name+":") {
+					missing = append(missing, name)
+				}
+			}
+			if len(missing) > 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("Config field(s) not present in debug bundle output: %v\n"+
+					"Either render the field in addCommonConfigFields/addConfig, "+
+					"or add it to the excluded map with a justification.", missing)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// renderAddConfigSpecific renders the fields handled by the anonymize/non-anonymize
+// branches in addConfig (ManagementURL, AdminURL, NATExternalIPs, CustomDNSAddress).
+// addCommonConfigFields covers the rest. Keeping this in the test mirrors the
+// production shape without needing to write an actual zip.
+func renderAddConfigSpecific(g *BundleGenerator) string {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	if g.anonymize {
+		if g.internalConfig.ManagementURL != nil {
+			sb.WriteString("ManagementURL: " + g.anonymizer.AnonymizeURI(g.internalConfig.ManagementURL.String()) + "\n")
+		}
+		if g.internalConfig.AdminURL != nil {
+			sb.WriteString("AdminURL: " + g.anonymizer.AnonymizeURI(g.internalConfig.AdminURL.String()) + "\n")
+		}
+		sb.WriteString("NATExternalIPs: x\n")
+		if g.internalConfig.CustomDNSAddress != "" {
+			sb.WriteString("CustomDNSAddress: " + g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(g.internalConfig.CustomDNSAddress) + "\n")
+		}
+	} else {
+		if g.internalConfig.ManagementURL != nil {
+			sb.WriteString("ManagementURL: " + g.internalConfig.ManagementURL.String() + "\n")
+		}
+		if g.internalConfig.AdminURL != nil {
+			sb.WriteString("AdminURL: " + g.internalConfig.AdminURL.String() + "\n")
+		}
+		sb.WriteString("NATExternalIPs: x\n")
+		if g.internalConfig.CustomDNSAddress != "" {
+			sb.WriteString("CustomDNSAddress: " + g.internalConfig.CustomDNSAddress + "\n")
+		}
+	}
+	return sb.String()
+}
+
+func newAnonymizerForTest() *anonymize.Anonymizer {
+	return anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug_windows.go b/client/internal/debug/debug_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e88940fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows/registry"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
+)
+
+const dnsInfoFileName = "dns_windows.txt"
+
+const (
+	gpoDNSClientRoot = `SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\DNSClient`
+	tcpipParamsPath  = `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters`
+	dnscacheParams   = `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters`
+)
+
+// interfaceDNSValues are the per-interface values that decide how a name is
+// resolved and registered. Everything the DNS host manager writes is in here,
+// so a bundle shows both what we set and what it replaced.
+var interfaceDNSValues = []string{
+	"NameServer",
+	"DhcpNameServer",
+	"Domain",
+	"DhcpDomain",
+	"SearchList",
+	"RegistrationEnabled",
+	"DisableDynamicUpdate",
+	"MaxNumberOfAddressesToRegister",
+	"EnableDHCP",
+}
+
+// addDNSInfo collects and adds DNS configuration information to the archive
+func (g *BundleGenerator) addDNSInfo() error {
+	if err := g.addFileToZip(strings.NewReader(g.collectDNSInfo()), dnsInfoFileName); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add DNS info to zip: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// collectDNSInfo renders the report. Everything below it reaches the platform
+// through COM and through lazily resolved procedures, which panic when a
+// procedure is missing rather than returning an error, and a debug bundle is not
+// allowed to take the daemon down. The panic is contained here, and whatever was
+// collected before it is kept and reported with it.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) collectDNSInfo() (content string) {
+	var sb strings.Builder
+
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			log.Errorf("collecting Windows DNS configuration panicked: %v", r)
+			fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "\nerror: collection stopped: %v\n", r)
+		}
+		content = sb.String()
+	}()
+
+	sb.WriteString("Windows DNS configuration\n")
+	sb.WriteString("=========================\n")
+
+	adapters, adaptersErr := adapterAddresses()
+
+	g.writeNRPTRules(&sb, "NRPT rules, local policy store", nbdns.DNSPolicyConfigRoot)
+	g.writeNRPTRules(&sb, "NRPT rules, group policy store", nbdns.GPODNSPolicyConfigRoot)
+	g.writeEffectiveNRPTPolicies(&sb)
+	g.writeRegistryKey(&sb, "DNS client group policy", gpoDNSClientRoot)
+	g.writeRegistryKey(&sb, "Global TCP/IP parameters", tcpipParamsPath)
+	g.writeRegistryKey(&sb, "Dnscache parameters", dnscacheParams)
+	g.writeInterfaceDNS(&sb, "Per-interface DNS, IPv4", nbdns.InterfaceConfigPath, adapterNames(adapters))
+	g.writeInterfaceDNS(&sb, "Per-interface DNS, IPv6", nbdns.InterfaceConfigPathV6, adapterNames(adapters))
+	g.writeAdapterDNS(&sb, adapters, adaptersErr)
+
+	return sb.String()
+}
+
+// writeNRPTRules lists every rule in a policy store, ours and any other
+// product's, since a foreign rule for the same namespace decides resolution
+// just as ours does. Rules the client wrote are marked.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) writeNRPTRules(sb *strings.Builder, title, root string) {
+	writeSection(sb, title, root)
+
+	names, err := subKeyNames(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "error: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(names) == 0 {
+		sb.WriteString("no rules\n")
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range names {
+		owner := ""
+		if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(name), strings.ToLower(nbdns.NRPTKeyPrefix)) {
+			owner = "  (netbird)"
+		}
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%s%s\n", name, owner)
+		g.writeValues(sb, root+`\`+name, nil, "  ")
+	}
+}
+
+// writeEffectiveNRPTPolicies reports the table the resolver answers from, which
+// the registry cannot show: a rule is written before it is loaded, and it keeps
+// being enforced after its key is gone until the resolver reloads its policy.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) writeEffectiveNRPTPolicies(sb *strings.Builder) {
+	writeSection(sb, "NRPT policy table in effect", nrptPolicyClass+"."+nrptPolicyMethod+" in "+nrptPolicyNamespace)
+
+	entries, err := effectiveNRPTPolicies()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "error: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(entries) == 0 {
+		sb.WriteString("no policies\n")
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%s\n", g.anonymizeValue("Namespace", entry.namespace))
+		for _, value := range entry.values {
+			fmt.Fprintf(sb, "  %s: %s\n", value.name, g.anonymizeValue(value.name, value.value))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// writeInterfaceDNS reports the DNS values of every interface that has any, so
+// the netbird interface can be compared against the physical ones. The registry
+// keys the values by GUID, so each is named from the adapter list; a GUID with
+// no adapter is a leftover key of an interface that no longer exists.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) writeInterfaceDNS(sb *strings.Builder, title, root string, names map[string]string) {
+	writeSection(sb, title, root)
+
+	guids, err := subKeyNames(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "error: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var reported int
+	for _, guid := range guids {
+		var iface strings.Builder
+		g.writeValues(&iface, root+`\`+guid, interfaceDNSValues, "  ")
+		if iface.Len() == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		name, ok := names[strings.ToLower(guid)]
+		if !ok {
+			name = "no adapter with this GUID"
+		}
+
+		reported++
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%s (%s)\n%s", guid, name, iface.String())
+	}
+
+	if reported == 0 {
+		sb.WriteString("no interface holds DNS values\n")
+	}
+}
+
+// writeRegistryKey reports the values of a single key, without its subkeys.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) writeRegistryKey(sb *strings.Builder, title, path string) {
+	writeSection(sb, title, path)
+
+	var values strings.Builder
+	g.writeValues(&values, path, nil, "")
+	if values.Len() == 0 {
+		sb.WriteString("no values\n")
+		return
+	}
+
+	sb.WriteString(values.String())
+}
+
+// writeValues renders the values of a key. A nil names list reports every
+// value, otherwise only those named and present.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) writeValues(sb *strings.Builder, path string, names []string, indent string) {
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, path, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, registry.ErrNotExist), errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND):
+		// an absent key is the normal state for the GPO store and for
+		// interfaces without DNS settings
+		log.Debugf("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s does not exist", path)
+		return
+	case err != nil:
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%serror: open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %v\n", indent, path, err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer closeKey(k)
+
+	if names == nil {
+		names, err = k.ReadValueNames(-1)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%serror: read value names: %v\n", indent, err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range names {
+		value, err := readRegistryValue(k, name)
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, registry.ErrNotExist):
+			// the caller asks for a fixed set of values, most of which a
+			// given interface does not carry
+			continue
+		case err != nil:
+			// report rather than omit: a value that is there but cannot be
+			// read reads as unset otherwise
+			fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%s%s: error: %v\n", indent, name, err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%s%s: %s\n", indent, name, g.anonymizeValue(name, value))
+	}
+}
+
+// anonymizeValue redacts a registry value according to what its name says it
+// holds. Domains and addresses are handled per entry rather than by the string
+// pass: the pass only replaces domains something else in the bundle already
+// seeded, and its address regex would eat the digit labels of a reverse zone.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) anonymizeValue(name, value string) string {
+	if !g.anonymize || value == "" {
+		return value
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case holdsDomains(name):
+		return joinValueEntries(splitValueEntries(value), g.anonymizeDomain)
+	case holdsAddresses(name):
+		return joinValueEntries(splitValueEntries(value), g.anonymizer.AnonymizeIPString)
+	default:
+		return g.anonymizer.AnonymizeString(value)
+	}
+}
+
+// holdsDomains reports whether a value name holds domains: the domain list of
+// an NRPT rule (Name) or of the policy table (Namespace), a search list, the
+// DNS suffix values of the TCP/IP and policy keys, which all end in "Domain"
+// (Domain, DhcpDomain, NV Domain, ICSDomain), and a proxy host name.
+func holdsDomains(name string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(name)
+	return lower == "name" || lower == "namespace" || lower == "searchlist" ||
+		strings.HasSuffix(lower, "domain") || strings.HasSuffix(lower, "proxyname")
+}
+
+// holdsAddresses reports whether a value name holds DNS server addresses
+// (NameServer, DhcpNameServer, GenericDNSServers, NameServers).
+func holdsAddresses(name string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(name)
+	return strings.Contains(lower, "nameserver") || strings.Contains(lower, "dnsserver")
+}
+
+// adapterNames maps adapter GUIDs, as the registry keys the interfaces, to the
+// names an operator sees.
+func adapterNames(adapters []*windows.IpAdapterAddresses) map[string]string {
+	names := make(map[string]string, len(adapters))
+	for _, adapter := range adapters {
+		guid := windows.BytePtrToString(adapter.AdapterName)
+		names[strings.ToLower(guid)] = windows.UTF16PtrToString(adapter.FriendlyName)
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+// writeAdapterDNS reports the resolver configuration in effect per adapter,
+// which is what the resolver uses for a name no NRPT rule matches.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) writeAdapterDNS(sb *strings.Builder, adapters []*windows.IpAdapterAddresses, err error) {
+	writeSection(sb, "Adapter DNS configuration", "GetAdaptersAddresses")
+
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "error: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, adapter := range adapters {
+		name := windows.UTF16PtrToString(adapter.FriendlyName)
+		suffix := g.anonymizeDomain(windows.UTF16PtrToString(adapter.DnsSuffix))
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%s (index %d, oper status %d)\n", name, adapter.IfIndex, adapter.OperStatus)
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "  DNS suffix: %s\n", suffix)
+
+		var servers []string
+		for server := adapter.FirstDnsServerAddress; server != nil; server = server.Next {
+			addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(server.Address.IP())
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			addr = addr.Unmap()
+			if g.anonymize {
+				addr = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeIP(addr)
+			}
+			servers = append(servers, addr.String())
+		}
+
+		fmt.Fprintf(sb, "  DNS servers: %s\n", strings.Join(servers, ", "))
+	}
+}
+
+// anonymizeDomain anonymizes a single domain, keeping the leading dot an NRPT
+// match domain carries.
+func (g *BundleGenerator) anonymizeDomain(entry string) string {
+	if !g.anonymize {
+		return entry
+	}
+
+	domain, dot := strings.CutPrefix(entry, ".")
+	if domain == "" {
+		return entry
+	}
+
+	anonymized := g.anonymizer.AnonymizeDomain(domain)
+	if dot {
+		anonymized = "." + anonymized
+	}
+	return anonymized
+}
+
+// splitValueEntries splits a registry value that holds a list. The separator
+// differs per value: a REG_MULTI_SZ arrives joined with ", ", a SearchList is
+// comma separated and a NameServer may use commas or spaces.
+func splitValueEntries(value string) []string {
+	return strings.FieldsFunc(value, func(r rune) bool {
+		return r == ',' || r == ';' || r == ' ' || r == '\t'
+	})
+}
+
+func joinValueEntries(entries []string, anonymize func(string) string) string {
+	for i, entry := range entries {
+		entries[i] = anonymize(entry)
+	}
+	return strings.Join(entries, ", ")
+}
+
+func writeSection(sb *strings.Builder, title, source string) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(sb, "\n%s\n%s\n%s\n", title, strings.Repeat("-", len(title)), source)
+}
+
+func subKeyNames(root string) ([]string, error) {
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, root, registry.ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %w", root, err)
+	}
+	defer closeKey(k)
+
+	names, err := k.ReadSubKeyNames(-1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read subkey names: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return names, nil
+}
+
+// readRegistryValue renders a value as text regardless of its type, so an
+// unexpected type in a policy key still shows up instead of being dropped.
+func readRegistryValue(k registry.Key, name string) (string, error) {
+	_, valueType, err := k.GetValue(name, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get value %s: %w", name, err)
+	}
+
+	switch valueType {
+	case registry.SZ, registry.EXPAND_SZ:
+		value, _, err := k.GetStringValue(name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("get string value %s: %w", name, err)
+		}
+		return value, nil
+	case registry.MULTI_SZ:
+		values, _, err := k.GetStringsValue(name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("get strings value %s: %w", name, err)
+		}
+		return strings.Join(values, ", "), nil
+	case registry.DWORD, registry.QWORD:
+		value, _, err := k.GetIntegerValue(name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("get integer value %s: %w", name, err)
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d (0x%x)", value, value), nil
+	case registry.BINARY:
+		value, _, err := k.GetBinaryValue(name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("get binary value %s: %w", name, err)
+		}
+		return hex.EncodeToString(value), nil
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("<unhandled registry type %d>", valueType), nil
+	}
+}
+
+// adapterAddresses returns the adapter list including DNS servers. The call
+// reports the size it needs, so grow the buffer and retry until it fits.
+func adapterAddresses() (adapters []*windows.IpAdapterAddresses, err error) {
+	// GetAdaptersAddresses is resolved on first use and panics when it is
+	// missing, so this reports it as an error and leaves the rest of the
+	// report intact.
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			adapters, err = nil, fmt.Errorf("GetAdaptersAddresses: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	const flags = windows.GAA_FLAG_SKIP_ANYCAST | windows.GAA_FLAG_SKIP_MULTICAST
+
+	size := uint32(15000)
+	for range 3 {
+		buf := make([]byte, size)
+		first := (*windows.IpAdapterAddresses)(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]))
+
+		err := windows.GetAdaptersAddresses(windows.AF_UNSPEC, flags, 0, first, &size)
+		if errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetAdaptersAddresses: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		for adapter := first; adapter != nil; adapter = adapter.Next {
+			adapters = append(adapters, adapter)
+		}
+		return adapters, nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetAdaptersAddresses: buffer kept growing")
+}
+
+func closeKey(k registry.Key) {
+	if err := k.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("close registry key: %v", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/debug_windows_test.go b/client/internal/debug/debug_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47df3f6f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/debug/debug_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
+)
+
+func newDNSValueGenerator(level anonymize.Level) *BundleGenerator {
+	anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+	anonymizer.SetLevel(level)
+
+	return &BundleGenerator{
+		anonymize:      true,
+		anonymizeLevel: level,
+		anonymizer:     anonymizer,
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAnonymizeValueByName covers the value kinds of the DNS registry keys. The
+// names decide the treatment, because the string pass alone replaces only
+// domains another part of the bundle already seeded.
+func TestAnonymizeValueByName(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		valueName string
+		value     string
+		assert    func(t *testing.T, got string)
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "NRPT match domains keep the leading dot",
+			valueName: "Name",
+			value:     ".internal.example.com, .corp.example.org",
+			assert: func(t *testing.T, got string) {
+				t.Helper()
+				for _, entry := range strings.Split(got, ", ") {
+					assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(entry, "."), "entry %q should keep its leading dot", entry)
+					assert.NotContains(t, entry, "example", "entry %q should not keep the original domain", entry)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "any value name ending in Domain is treated as a domain",
+			valueName: "ICSDomain",
+			value:     "mshome.net",
+			assert: func(t *testing.T, got string) {
+				t.Helper()
+				assert.NotContains(t, got, "mshome", "should anonymize a domain suffix value")
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "search list is a comma separated domain list",
+			valueName: "SearchList",
+			value:     "corp.example.com,branch.example.com",
+			assert: func(t *testing.T, got string) {
+				t.Helper()
+				assert.NotContains(t, got, "example", "should anonymize every search domain")
+				assert.Len(t, strings.Split(got, ", "), 2, "should keep both search domains")
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "name servers are anonymized as addresses",
+			valueName: "DhcpNameServer",
+			value:     "203.0.113.10 8.8.8.8",
+			assert: func(t *testing.T, got string) {
+				t.Helper()
+				assert.NotContains(t, got, "203.0.113.10", "should anonymize a public resolver address")
+				// well-known resolvers stay readable at every level
+				assert.Contains(t, got, "8.8.8.8", "should keep a well-known resolver address")
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "opaque values are left to the string pass",
+			valueName: "DataBasePath",
+			value:     `%SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc`,
+			assert: func(t *testing.T, got string) {
+				t.Helper()
+				assert.Equal(t, `%SystemRoot%\System32\drivers\etc`, got, "should not alter a path")
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			g := newDNSValueGenerator(anonymize.LevelDefault)
+			tc.assert(t, g.anonymizeValue(tc.valueName, tc.value))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestParseNRPTPolicyTable parses the MOF text of the policy table out
+// parameters, as the provider on a client with one NRPT rule renders it.
+func TestParseNRPTPolicyTable(t *testing.T) {
+	const text = `[abstract]
+class __PARAMETERS
+{
+	[Out, EmbeddedInstance("DnsClientPolicyConfiguration"): ToSubClass, ID(2): DisableOverride ToInstance] DnsClientPolicyConfiguration cmdletOutput[] = {
+instance of DnsClientPolicyConfiguration
+{
+	DirectAccessProxyType = "NoProxy";
+	DirectAccessQueryIPsecRequired = FALSE;
+	NameEncoding = "Utf8WithoutMapping";
+	Namespace = ".0.100.in-addr.arpa";
+}, 
+instance of DnsClientPolicyConfiguration
+{
+	DirectAccessProxyType = "NoProxy";
+	NameEncoding = "Utf8WithoutMapping";
+	NameServers = {"100.0.255.254", "100.0.255.253"};
+	Namespace = ".nb.internal";
+}};
+	[in] boolean Effective;
+	[out] uint32 ReturnValue = 0;
+};
+`
+
+	entries := parseNRPTPolicyTable(text)
+	require.Len(t, entries, 2, "should parse both embedded instances")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, ".0.100.in-addr.arpa", entries[0].namespace, "should read the namespace of the first instance")
+	assert.Equal(t, ".nb.internal", entries[1].namespace, "should read the namespace of the second instance")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []registryValue{
+		{name: "DirectAccessProxyType", value: "NoProxy"},
+		{name: "DirectAccessQueryIPsecRequired", value: "FALSE"},
+		{name: "NameEncoding", value: "Utf8WithoutMapping"},
+	}, entries[0].values, "should keep the remaining values in order")
+
+	assert.Contains(t, entries[1].values, registryValue{name: "NameServers", value: "100.0.255.254, 100.0.255.253"},
+		"should flatten a MOF array")
+
+	for _, value := range entries[1].values {
+		assert.NotContains(t, value.name, "ReturnValue", "should not read the class level parameters as values")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseNRPTPolicyTableEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Empty(t, parseNRPTPolicyTable(""), "should parse no entries from empty text")
+	assert.Empty(t, parseNRPTPolicyTable("class __PARAMETERS\n{\n};\n"), "should parse no entries from a table with no instances")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/nrpt_windows.go b/client/internal/debug/nrpt_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b6e0e29a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/debug/nrpt_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/go-ole/go-ole"
+	"github.com/go-ole/go-ole/oleutil"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	// The NRPT policy table is reachable through the CIM class that backs
+	// Get-DnsClientNrptPolicy. Unlike the rules in the registry, the table is
+	// what the resolver currently has loaded, which is the only way to tell an
+	// applied rule from one that is merely written, in either direction.
+	nrptPolicyNamespace = `root\Microsoft\Windows\DNS`
+	nrptPolicyClass     = "PS_DnsClientNrptPolicy"
+	nrptPolicyMethod    = "Get"
+
+	// The class has no instances, so the table comes from the out parameters
+	// of a static method call, rendered as MOF text: the embedded instances
+	// arrive as a safe array of objects, which cannot be read back through the
+	// COM bindings, and the text form carries all of them.
+	nrptPolicyInstanceKeyword = "instance of DnsClientPolicyConfiguration"
+
+	nrptPolicyTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+)
+
+// COM initialization results that leave the calling thread usable: S_FALSE for
+// a thread this process already initialized, RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE for one that
+// belongs to another apartment.
+const (
+	sFalse          = 0x00000001
+	rpcEChangedMode = 0x80010106
+)
+
+// nrptQueryInFlight admits one read of the policy table at a time. A provider
+// that stops answering keeps its goroutine and the OS thread that goroutine
+// pinned, so a later bundle reports that instead of pinning another one.
+var nrptQueryInFlight = make(chan struct{}, 1)
+
+// nrptPolicyEntry is one namespace of the effective policy table, holding the
+// values of an embedded DnsClientPolicyConfiguration instance in the order the
+// provider reported them.
+type nrptPolicyEntry struct {
+	namespace string
+	values    []registryValue
+}
+
+// registryValue is a name and its rendered value, shared by the registry and
+// policy table readers so both anonymize by value name the same way.
+type registryValue struct {
+	name  string
+	value string
+}
+
+// effectiveNRPTPolicies reads the effective NRPT table. The call is bounded
+// because a WMI provider can block indefinitely and a debug bundle must not.
+func effectiveNRPTPolicies() ([]nrptPolicyEntry, error) {
+	type result struct {
+		text string
+		err  error
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case nrptQueryInFlight <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.New("an earlier read of the policy table has not returned")
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan result, 1)
+	go func() {
+		// the slot is released here rather than by the caller, so a read that
+		// outlives the timeout holds it until the provider answers
+		defer func() { <-nrptQueryInFlight }()
+
+		text, err := nrptPolicyTableText()
+		done <- result{text: text, err: err}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case res := <-done:
+		if res.err != nil {
+			return nil, res.err
+		}
+		return parseNRPTPolicyTable(res.text), nil
+	case <-time.After(nrptPolicyTimeout):
+		return nil, errors.New("read of the policy table timed out")
+	}
+}
+
+// nrptPolicyTableText calls the policy table method and returns the MOF text of
+// its out parameters.
+func nrptPolicyTableText() (text string, err error) {
+	// COM is per thread, and the collection is short lived, so the thread is
+	// pinned for the duration rather than initialized for the process.
+	runtime.LockOSThread()
+	defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
+
+	defer func() {
+		// The COM call chain is dynamically typed, so a provider that answers
+		// with an unexpected shape must not take the daemon down with it.
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("read NRPT policy table: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	owns, err := coInitialize()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if owns {
+		defer ole.CoUninitialize()
+	}
+
+	locator, err := oleutil.CreateObject("WbemScripting.SWbemLocator")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("create WMI locator: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer locator.Release()
+
+	dispatch, err := locator.QueryInterface(ole.IID_IDispatch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("query WMI locator interface: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer dispatch.Release()
+
+	service, err := dispatchCall(dispatch, "ConnectServer", nil, nrptPolicyNamespace)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("connect to %s: %w", nrptPolicyNamespace, err)
+	}
+	defer service.Release()
+
+	inParams, err := spawnMethodInParams(service)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	defer inParams.Release()
+
+	// The effective table is the merge of the local and the group policy
+	// store, which is what the resolver answers from.
+	if _, err := oleutil.PutProperty(inParams, "Effective", true); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("set Effective parameter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	outParams, err := dispatchCall(service, "ExecMethod", nrptPolicyClass, nrptPolicyMethod, inParams)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("call %s.%s: %w", nrptPolicyClass, nrptPolicyMethod, err)
+	}
+	defer outParams.Release()
+
+	textVariant, err := oleutil.CallMethod(outParams, "GetObjectText_")
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("render policy table: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := textVariant.Clear(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("clear policy table variant: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return textVariant.ToString(), nil
+}
+
+// spawnMethodInParams builds the in parameters instance the method needs. The
+// provider rejects the call without one, even when every parameter is optional.
+func spawnMethodInParams(service *ole.IDispatch) (*ole.IDispatch, error) {
+	class, err := dispatchCall(service, "Get", nrptPolicyClass)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get class %s: %w", nrptPolicyClass, err)
+	}
+	defer class.Release()
+
+	methods, err := dispatchProperty(class, "Methods_")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get class methods: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer methods.Release()
+
+	method, err := dispatchCall(methods, "Item", nrptPolicyMethod)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get method %s: %w", nrptPolicyMethod, err)
+	}
+	defer method.Release()
+
+	params, err := dispatchProperty(method, "InParameters")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get method parameters: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer params.Release()
+
+	inParams, err := dispatchCall(params, "SpawnInstance_")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("spawn parameter instance: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return inParams, nil
+}
+
+// parseNRPTPolicyTable pulls the embedded instances out of the MOF text. Each
+// instance is a namespace of the table, with one name and value per line.
+func parseNRPTPolicyTable(text string) []nrptPolicyEntry {
+	var entries []nrptPolicyEntry
+	var current *nrptPolicyEntry
+
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(text, "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimSpace(line), ";"))
+
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(line, nrptPolicyInstanceKeyword):
+			entries = append(entries, nrptPolicyEntry{})
+			current = &entries[len(entries)-1]
+			continue
+		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "}"):
+			// closes an instance, and the array with the last one, so the
+			// class level parameters that follow are not read as values
+			current = nil
+			continue
+		case current == nil, line == "{":
+			continue
+		}
+
+		name, value, ok := strings.Cut(line, " = ")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		value = unquoteMOFValue(value)
+		if name == "Namespace" {
+			current.namespace = value
+			continue
+		}
+
+		current.values = append(current.values, registryValue{name: name, value: value})
+	}
+
+	return entries
+}
+
+// unquoteMOFValue renders a MOF scalar or array as plain text: "a" becomes a,
+// and {"a", "b"} becomes a, b.
+func unquoteMOFValue(value string) string {
+	value = strings.TrimSpace(value)
+
+	if inner, ok := strings.CutPrefix(value, "{"); ok {
+		value = strings.TrimSuffix(inner, "}")
+
+		entries := strings.Split(value, ",")
+		for i, entry := range entries {
+			entries[i] = strings.Trim(strings.TrimSpace(entry), `"`)
+		}
+		return strings.Join(entries, ", ")
+	}
+
+	return strings.Trim(value, `"`)
+}
+
+// coInitialize prepares the calling thread for COM and reports whether this
+// call owns the initialization, which decides whether it may be balanced with
+// CoUninitialize. S_FALSE took a reference on a thread this process had already
+// initialized and so has to be released, while RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE took none:
+// the thread belongs to another apartment, which is usable but is not ours to
+// uninitialize.
+func coInitialize() (bool, error) {
+	err := ole.CoInitializeEx(0, ole.COINIT_MULTITHREADED)
+	if err == nil {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	var oleErr *ole.OleError
+	if errors.As(err, &oleErr) {
+		switch oleErr.Code() {
+		case sFalse:
+			return true, nil
+		case rpcEChangedMode:
+			return false, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false, fmt.Errorf("initialize COM: %w", err)
+}
+
+// dispatchCall calls a COM method that returns an object.
+func dispatchCall(dispatch *ole.IDispatch, method string, params ...any) (*ole.IDispatch, error) {
+	variant, err := oleutil.CallMethod(dispatch, method, params...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	object := variant.ToIDispatch()
+	if object == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s returned no object", method)
+	}
+
+	return object, nil
+}
+
+// dispatchProperty reads a COM property that holds an object.
+func dispatchProperty(dispatch *ole.IDispatch, property string) (*ole.IDispatch, error) {
+	variant, err := oleutil.GetProperty(dispatch, property)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	object := variant.ToIDispatch()
+	if object == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("property %s holds no object", property)
+	}
+
+	return object, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/uilog_test.go b/client/internal/debug/uilog_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..103e98c6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/debug/uilog_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package debug
+
+import (
+	"archive/zip"
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/configs"
+)
+
+// bundleEntries generates a bundle with the given generator and returns the
+// set of entry names in the resulting archive.
+func bundleEntries(t *testing.T, g *BundleGenerator) map[string]struct{} {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	path, err := g.Generate()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.Remove(path) })
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	zr, err := zip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(data), int64(len(data)))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	names := make(map[string]struct{}, len(zr.File))
+	for _, f := range zr.File {
+		names[f.Name] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+func TestBundleIncludesUILogWhenOpenerAllows(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), configs.UILogFile)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("gui log"), 0600))
+
+	g := NewBundleGenerator(GeneratorDependencies{
+		UILogPath:   path,
+		UILogOpener: openLogFile,
+	}, BundleConfig{})
+
+	require.Contains(t, bundleEntries(t, g), configs.UILogFile)
+}
+
+// A UILogOpener that refuses (as the ownership check does for a foreign file)
+// keeps the UI log out of the bundle without failing bundle generation.
+func TestBundleExcludesUILogWhenOpenerRefuses(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), configs.UILogFile)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("secret"), 0600))
+
+	g := NewBundleGenerator(GeneratorDependencies{
+		UILogPath: path,
+		UILogOpener: func(string) (*os.File, error) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("not owned by the caller")
+		},
+	}, BundleConfig{})
+
+	require.NotContains(t, bundleEntries(t, g), configs.UILogFile)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/upload.go b/client/internal/debug/upload.go
index cdf52409d..88fde6d6f 100644
--- a/client/internal/debug/upload.go
+++ b/client/internal/debug/upload.go
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ package debug
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha256"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	neturl "net/url"
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/upload-server/types"
@@ -14,20 +16,80 @@ import (
 
 const maxBundleUploadSize = 50 * 1024 * 1024
 
-func UploadDebugBundle(ctx context.Context, url, managementURL, filePath string) (key string, err error) {
-	response, err := getUploadURL(ctx, url, managementURL)
+// requireHTTPS refuses any URL the daemon would fetch or upload to that is not
+// https. The daemon runs as root and the bundle carries its logs and state, so a
+// plaintext hop is a place to intercept the bundle or the presigned redirect.
+// The server-side gate already enforces this for the desktop path; this also
+// covers the mobile and job-runner callers that reach this package directly.
+// Skipped when the caller opted into an insecure upload (self-hosted server).
+func requireHTTPS(what, rawURL string) error {
+	parsed, err := neturl.Parse(rawURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse %s: %w", what, err)
+	}
+	if parsed.Scheme != "https" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s must use https, got scheme %q", what, parsed.Scheme)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// uploadClient returns the HTTP client for the upload requests. The default
+// client verifies TLS and refuses a redirect that would downgrade to a non-https
+// hop, so a bundle can never leave over http after an https start. The insecure
+// variant accepts http and untrusted certificates, and is only reachable for a
+// privileged caller that passed --upload-bundle-insecure (see
+// requirePrivilegeForUploadURL).
+func uploadClient(insecure bool) *http.Client {
+	if !insecure {
+		return &http.Client{CheckRedirect: rejectInsecureRedirect}
+	}
+	return &http.Client{
+		Transport: &http.Transport{
+			//nolint:gosec // opt-in, privileged, self-hosted upload servers
+			TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true, MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// rejectInsecureRedirect refuses a redirect to a non-https target and keeps the
+// standard library's 10-hop limit that a custom CheckRedirect would otherwise
+// disable.
+func rejectInsecureRedirect(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+	if req.URL.Scheme != "https" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("refusing redirect to non-https URL %s", req.URL.Redacted())
+	}
+	if len(via) >= 10 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("stopped after 10 redirects")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func UploadDebugBundle(ctx context.Context, url, managementURL, filePath string, insecure bool) (key string, err error) {
+	if !insecure {
+		if err := requireHTTPS("upload service URL", url); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+
+	response, err := getUploadURL(ctx, url, managementURL, insecure)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 
-	err = upload(ctx, filePath, response)
+	if !insecure {
+		if err := requireHTTPS("upload URL from service", response.URL); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = upload(ctx, filePath, response, insecure)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	return response.Key, nil
 }
 
-func upload(ctx context.Context, filePath string, response *types.GetURLResponse) error {
+func upload(ctx context.Context, filePath string, response *types.GetURLResponse, insecure bool) error {
 	fileData, err := os.Open(filePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("open file: %w", err)
@@ -52,7 +114,7 @@ func upload(ctx context.Context, filePath string, response *types.GetURLResponse
 	req.ContentLength = stat.Size()
 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream")
 
-	putResp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	putResp, err := uploadClient(insecure).Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -65,16 +127,23 @@ func upload(ctx context.Context, filePath string, response *types.GetURLResponse
 	return nil
 }
 
-func getUploadURL(ctx context.Context, url string, managementURL string) (*types.GetURLResponse, error) {
-	id := getURLHash(managementURL)
-	getReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", url+"?id="+id, nil)
+func getUploadURL(ctx context.Context, serviceURL string, managementURL string, insecure bool) (*types.GetURLResponse, error) {
+	parsed, err := neturl.Parse(serviceURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse upload service URL: %w", err)
+	}
+	q := parsed.Query()
+	q.Set("id", getURLHash(managementURL))
+	parsed.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+
+	getReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", parsed.String(), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create GET request: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	getReq.Header.Set(types.ClientHeader, types.ClientHeaderValue)
 
-	resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(getReq)
+	resp, err := uploadClient(insecure).Do(getReq)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get presigned URL: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/upload_test.go b/client/internal/debug/upload_test.go
index f224b8d3f..f3927cb81 100644
--- a/client/internal/debug/upload_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/debug/upload_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ func TestUpload(t *testing.T) {
 	fileContent := []byte("test file content")
 	err := os.WriteFile(file, fileContent, 0640)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	key, err := UploadDebugBundle(context.Background(), testURL+types.GetURLPath, testURL, file)
+	key, err := UploadDebugBundle(context.Background(), testURL+types.GetURLPath, testURL, file, true)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	id := getURLHash(testURL)
 	require.Contains(t, key, id+"/")
@@ -79,3 +80,47 @@ func waitForServer(t *testing.T, addr string) {
 	}
 	t.Fatalf("server did not start listening on %s in time", addr)
 }
+
+func TestRequireHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, requireHTTPS("upload URL", "https://upload.example/path"))
+	require.Error(t, requireHTTPS("upload URL", "http://upload.example/path"))
+	require.Error(t, requireHTTPS("upload URL", "ftp://upload.example/path"))
+	require.Error(t, requireHTTPS("upload URL", "://malformed"))
+}
+
+func TestRejectInsecureRedirect(t *testing.T) {
+	httpsReq, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://a.example/", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, rejectInsecureRedirect(httpsReq, nil), "https redirect target must be allowed")
+
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://a.example/", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Error(t, rejectInsecureRedirect(httpReq, nil), "http redirect target must be refused")
+
+	require.Error(t, rejectInsecureRedirect(httpsReq, make([]*http.Request, 10)), "the 10-redirect limit must be enforced")
+}
+
+// The secure client refuses to follow an https response that redirects to http,
+// so a bundle can't be downgraded onto plaintext mid-flight.
+func TestUploadClientRefusesHTTPSToHTTPRedirect(t *testing.T) {
+	plain := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(plain.Close)
+
+	secure := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		http.Redirect(w, r, plain.URL, http.StatusFound)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(secure.Close)
+
+	client := uploadClient(false)
+	// Trust the test server's cert without disabling verification globally.
+	client.Transport = secure.Client().Transport
+
+	resp, err := client.Get(secure.URL)
+	if resp != nil {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	require.Error(t, err, "redirect from https to http must be refused")
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "non-https")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/debug/wgshow.go b/client/internal/debug/wgshow.go
index 1e8a8a6cc..ee24902e6 100644
--- a/client/internal/debug/wgshow.go
+++ b/client/internal/debug/wgshow.go
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) toWGShowFormat(s *configurer.Stats) string {
 	var sb strings.Builder
 
 	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("interface: %s\n", s.DeviceName))
-	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  public key: %s\n", s.PublicKey))
+	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  public key: %s\n", g.anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey(s.PublicKey)))
 	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  listen port: %d\n", s.ListenPort))
 	if s.FWMark != 0 {
 		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  fwmark: %#x\n", s.FWMark))
 	}
 
 	for _, peer := range s.Peers {
-		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("\npeer: %s\n", peer.PublicKey))
+		sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("\npeer: %s\n", g.anonymizer.AnonymizeWGKey(peer.PublicKey)))
 		if peer.Endpoint.IP != nil {
 			if g.anonymize {
 				anonEndpoint := g.anonymizer.AnonymizeUDPAddr(peer.Endpoint)
@@ -54,7 +54,11 @@ func (g *BundleGenerator) toWGShowFormat(s *configurer.Stats) string {
 		if len(peer.AllowedIPs) > 0 {
 			var ipStrings []string
 			for _, ipnet := range peer.AllowedIPs {
-				ipStrings = append(ipStrings, ipnet.String())
+				ipStr := ipnet.String()
+				if g.anonymize {
+					ipStr = g.anonymizer.AnonymizeIPString(ipStr)
+				}
+				ipStrings = append(ipStrings, ipStr)
 			}
 			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  allowed ips: %s\n", strings.Join(ipStrings, ", ")))
 		}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns.go b/client/internal/dns.go
index f5040ee49..a6604810f 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns.go
@@ -12,52 +12,83 @@ import (
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 )
 
-func createPTRRecord(aRecord nbdns.SimpleRecord, prefix netip.Prefix) (nbdns.SimpleRecord, bool) {
-	ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(aRecord.RData)
+func createPTRRecord(record nbdns.SimpleRecord, prefix netip.Prefix) (nbdns.SimpleRecord, bool) {
+	ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(record.RData)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to parse IP address %s: %v", aRecord.RData, err)
+		log.Warnf("failed to parse IP address %s: %v", record.RData, err)
 		return nbdns.SimpleRecord{}, false
 	}
 
+	ip = ip.Unmap()
 	if !prefix.Contains(ip) {
 		return nbdns.SimpleRecord{}, false
 	}
 
-	ipOctets := strings.Split(ip.String(), ".")
-	slices.Reverse(ipOctets)
-	rdnsName := dns.Fqdn(strings.Join(ipOctets, ".") + ".in-addr.arpa")
+	var rdnsName string
+	if ip.Is4() {
+		octets := strings.Split(ip.String(), ".")
+		slices.Reverse(octets)
+		rdnsName = dns.Fqdn(strings.Join(octets, ".") + ".in-addr.arpa")
+	} else {
+		// Expand to full 32 nibbles in reverse order (LSB first) per RFC 3596.
+		raw := ip.As16()
+		nibbles := make([]string, 32)
+		for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+			nibbles[31-i*2] = fmt.Sprintf("%x", raw[i]>>4)
+			nibbles[31-i*2-1] = fmt.Sprintf("%x", raw[i]&0x0f)
+		}
+		rdnsName = dns.Fqdn(strings.Join(nibbles, ".") + ".ip6.arpa")
+	}
 
 	return nbdns.SimpleRecord{
 		Name:  rdnsName,
 		Type:  int(dns.TypePTR),
-		Class: aRecord.Class,
-		TTL:   aRecord.TTL,
-		RData: dns.Fqdn(aRecord.Name),
+		Class: record.Class,
+		TTL:   record.TTL,
+		RData: dns.Fqdn(record.Name),
 	}, true
 }
 
-// generateReverseZoneName creates the reverse DNS zone name for a given network
+// generateReverseZoneName creates the reverse DNS zone name for a given network.
+// For IPv4 it produces an in-addr.arpa name, for IPv6 an ip6.arpa name.
 func generateReverseZoneName(network netip.Prefix) (string, error) {
-	networkIP := network.Masked().Addr()
+	networkIP := network.Masked().Addr().Unmap()
+	bits := network.Bits()
 
-	if !networkIP.Is4() {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("reverse DNS is only supported for IPv4 networks, got: %s", networkIP)
+	if networkIP.Is4() {
+		// Round up to nearest byte.
+		octetsToUse := (bits + 7) / 8
+
+		octets := strings.Split(networkIP.String(), ".")
+		if octetsToUse > len(octets) {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid network mask size for reverse DNS: %d", bits)
+		}
+
+		reverseOctets := make([]string, octetsToUse)
+		for i := 0; i < octetsToUse; i++ {
+			reverseOctets[octetsToUse-1-i] = octets[i]
+		}
+
+		return dns.Fqdn(strings.Join(reverseOctets, ".") + ".in-addr.arpa"), nil
 	}
 
-	// round up to nearest byte
-	octetsToUse := (network.Bits() + 7) / 8
+	// IPv6: round up to nearest nibble (4-bit boundary).
+	nibblesToUse := (bits + 3) / 4
 
-	octets := strings.Split(networkIP.String(), ".")
-	if octetsToUse > len(octets) {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid network mask size for reverse DNS: %d", network.Bits())
+	raw := networkIP.As16()
+	allNibbles := make([]string, 32)
+	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+		allNibbles[i*2] = fmt.Sprintf("%x", raw[i]>>4)
+		allNibbles[i*2+1] = fmt.Sprintf("%x", raw[i]&0x0f)
 	}
 
-	reverseOctets := make([]string, octetsToUse)
-	for i := 0; i < octetsToUse; i++ {
-		reverseOctets[octetsToUse-1-i] = octets[i]
+	// Take the first nibblesToUse nibbles (network portion), reverse them.
+	used := make([]string, nibblesToUse)
+	for i := 0; i < nibblesToUse; i++ {
+		used[nibblesToUse-1-i] = allNibbles[i]
 	}
 
-	return dns.Fqdn(strings.Join(reverseOctets, ".") + ".in-addr.arpa"), nil
+	return dns.Fqdn(strings.Join(used, ".") + ".ip6.arpa"), nil
 }
 
 // zoneExists checks if a zone with the given name already exists in the configuration
@@ -71,7 +102,7 @@ func zoneExists(config *nbdns.Config, zoneName string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-// collectPTRRecords gathers all PTR records for the given network from A records
+// collectPTRRecords gathers all PTR records for the given network from A and AAAA records.
 func collectPTRRecords(config *nbdns.Config, prefix netip.Prefix) []nbdns.SimpleRecord {
 	var records []nbdns.SimpleRecord
 
@@ -80,7 +111,7 @@ func collectPTRRecords(config *nbdns.Config, prefix netip.Prefix) []nbdns.Simple
 			continue
 		}
 		for _, record := range zone.Records {
-			if record.Type != int(dns.TypeA) {
+			if record.Type != int(dns.TypeA) && record.Type != int(dns.TypeAAAA) {
 				continue
 			}
 
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/handler_chain.go b/client/internal/dns/handler_chain.go
index 57e7722d4..dc20146eb 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/handler_chain.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/handler_chain.go
@@ -339,8 +339,7 @@ func (c *HandlerChain) isHandlerMatch(qname string, entry HandlerEntry) bool {
 	case entry.Pattern == ".":
 		return true
 	case entry.IsWildcard:
-		parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimSuffix(qname, entry.Pattern), ".")
-		return len(parts) >= 2 && strings.HasSuffix(qname, entry.Pattern)
+		return strings.HasSuffix(qname, "."+entry.Pattern)
 	default:
 		// For non-wildcard patterns:
 		// If handler wants subdomain matching, allow suffix match
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go b/client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go
index 034a760dc..b3db97ba3 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/handler_chain_test.go
@@ -164,6 +164,54 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_DomainMatching(t *testing.T) {
 			matchSubdomains: true,
 			shouldMatch:     true,
 		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard label-boundary mismatch (suffix overlap)",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test.",
+			queryDomain:     "x.ab.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard label-boundary match",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test.",
+			queryDomain:     "x.b.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard multi-label match",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test.",
+			queryDomain:     "x.y.b.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard no match on multi-label apex",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test.",
+			queryDomain:     "b.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard no match on unrelated suffix containment",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.example.com.",
+			queryDomain:     "notexample.com.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "wildcard accepts pattern registered without trailing dot",
+			handlerDomain:   "*.b.test",
+			queryDomain:     "x.b.test.",
+			isWildcard:      true,
+			matchSubdomains: false,
+			shouldMatch:     true,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -273,6 +321,19 @@ func TestHandlerChain_ServeDNS_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedCalls:   1,
 			expectedHandler: 2, // highest priority matching handler should be called
 		},
+		{
+			name: "overlapping wildcard suffixes route to correct handler",
+			handlers: []struct {
+				pattern  string
+				priority int
+			}{
+				{pattern: "*.b.test.", priority: nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute},
+				{pattern: "*.ab.test.", priority: nbdns.PriorityDNSRoute},
+			},
+			queryDomain:     "app.ab.test.",
+			expectedCalls:   1,
+			expectedHandler: 1,
+		},
 		{
 			name: "root zone with specific domain",
 			handlers: []struct {
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/host.go b/client/internal/dns/host.go
index f7dc46a6b..48eacef29 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/host.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/host.go
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ type hostManager interface {
 	restoreHostDNS() error
 	supportCustomPort() bool
 	string() string
+	// getOriginalNameservers returns the OS-side resolvers used as PriorityFallback
+	// upstreams: pre-takeover snapshots on desktop, the OS-pushed list on Android,
+	// hardcoded Quad9 on iOS, nil for noop / mock.
+	getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr
 }
 
 type SystemDNSSettings struct {
@@ -131,3 +135,11 @@ func (n noopHostConfigurator) supportCustomPort() bool {
 func (n noopHostConfigurator) string() string {
 	return "noop"
 }
+
+func (n noopHostConfigurator) getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockHostConfigurator) getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr {
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/host_android.go b/client/internal/dns/host_android.go
index dfa3e5712..48b3e0301 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/host_android.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/host_android.go
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 package dns
 
 import (
+	"net/netip"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 )
 
+// androidHostManager is a noop on the OS side (Android's VPN service handles
+// DNS for us) but tracks the OS-reported resolver list pushed via
+// OnUpdatedHostDNSServer so it can serve as the fallback nameserver source.
 type androidHostManager struct {
+	holder *hostsDNSHolder
 }
 
-func newHostManager() (*androidHostManager, error) {
-	return &androidHostManager{}, nil
+func newHostManager(holder *hostsDNSHolder) (*androidHostManager, error) {
+	return &androidHostManager{holder: holder}, nil
 }
 
 func (a androidHostManager) applyDNSConfig(HostDNSConfig, *statemanager.Manager) error {
@@ -26,3 +32,12 @@ func (a androidHostManager) supportCustomPort() bool {
 func (a androidHostManager) string() string {
 	return "none"
 }
+
+func (a androidHostManager) getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr {
+	hosts := a.holder.get()
+	out := make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(hosts))
+	for ap := range hosts {
+		out = append(out, ap.Addr())
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/host_darwin.go b/client/internal/dns/host_darwin.go
index b3908f163..81029752e 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/host_darwin.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/host_darwin.go
@@ -267,18 +267,38 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) getSystemDNSSettings() (SystemDNSSettings, error) {
 		return SystemDNSSettings{}, fmt.Errorf("sending the command: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	var dnsSettings SystemDNSSettings
+	dnsSettings, serverAddresses, err := parseSystemDNSSettings(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return dnsSettings, err
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.origNameservers = serverAddresses
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return dnsSettings, nil
+}
+
+// parseSystemDNSSettings parses the output of `scutil show State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS`.
+// Lines that don't match the expected "index : value" shape are skipped: hosts with unusual
+// network services (e.g. orphaned hardware ports) can produce entries without a value.
+func parseSystemDNSSettings(out []byte) (SystemDNSSettings, []netip.Addr, error) {
+	// port is not exposed by scutil, default to 53
+	dnsSettings := SystemDNSSettings{ServerPort: DefaultPort}
 	var serverAddresses []netip.Addr
 	inSearchDomainsArray := false
 	inServerAddressesArray := false
 
-	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(b))
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(out))
 	for scanner.Scan() {
 		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
 		switch {
 		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "DomainName :"):
-			domainName := strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(line, ":")[1])
-			dnsSettings.Domains = append(dnsSettings.Domains, domainName)
+			domainName := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "DomainName :"))
+			if domainName != "" {
+				dnsSettings.Domains = append(dnsSettings.Domains, domainName)
+			}
+			continue
 		case line == "SearchDomains : <array> {":
 			inSearchDomainsArray = true
 			continue
@@ -288,35 +308,45 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) getSystemDNSSettings() (SystemDNSSettings, error) {
 		case line == "}":
 			inSearchDomainsArray = false
 			inServerAddressesArray = false
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !inSearchDomainsArray && !inServerAddressesArray {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		parts := strings.SplitN(line, " : ", 2)
+		if len(parts) != 2 {
+			log.Debugf("skipping unexpected scutil DNS line %q", line)
+			continue
+		}
+		value := strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
+		if value == "" {
+			continue
 		}
 
 		if inSearchDomainsArray {
-			searchDomain := strings.Split(line, " : ")[1]
-			dnsSettings.Domains = append(dnsSettings.Domains, searchDomain)
-		} else if inServerAddressesArray {
-			address := strings.Split(line, " : ")[1]
-			if ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(address); err == nil && !ip.IsUnspecified() {
-				ip = ip.Unmap()
-				serverAddresses = append(serverAddresses, ip)
-				if !dnsSettings.ServerIP.IsValid() && ip.Is4() {
-					dnsSettings.ServerIP = ip
-				}
-			}
+			dnsSettings.Domains = append(dnsSettings.Domains, value)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(value)
+		if err != nil || ip.IsUnspecified() {
+			continue
+		}
+		ip = ip.Unmap()
+		serverAddresses = append(serverAddresses, ip)
+		// Prefer the first IPv4 server as ServerIP since our DNS listener is IPv4.
+		if !dnsSettings.ServerIP.IsValid() && ip.Is4() {
+			dnsSettings.ServerIP = ip
 		}
 	}
 
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return dnsSettings, err
+		return dnsSettings, serverAddresses, err
 	}
 
-	// default to 53 port
-	dnsSettings.ServerPort = DefaultPort
-
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	s.origNameservers = serverAddresses
-	s.mu.Unlock()
-
-	return dnsSettings, nil
+	return dnsSettings, serverAddresses, nil
 }
 
 func (s *systemConfigurator) getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr {
@@ -434,11 +464,15 @@ func (s *systemConfigurator) getPrimaryService() (string, string, error) {
 	router := ""
 	for scanner.Scan() {
 		text := scanner.Text()
+		parts := strings.SplitN(text, ":", 2)
+		if len(parts) != 2 {
+			continue
+		}
 		if strings.Contains(text, "PrimaryService") {
-			primaryService = strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(text, ":")[1])
+			primaryService = strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
 		}
 		if strings.Contains(text, "Router") {
-			router = strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(text, ":")[1])
+			router = strings.TrimSpace(parts[1])
 		}
 	}
 	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil && err != io.EOF {
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/host_darwin_test.go b/client/internal/dns/host_darwin_test.go
index 94d020c39..bee691c71 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/host_darwin_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/host_darwin_test.go
@@ -328,6 +328,120 @@ func removeTestDNSKey(key string) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+func TestParseSystemDNSSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		output          string
+		expectedDomains []string
+		expectedServers []netip.Addr
+		expectedIP      netip.Addr
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "well_formed",
+			output: `<dictionary> {
+  DomainName : example.com
+  SearchDomains : <array> {
+    0 : example.com
+    1 : corp.example.com
+  }
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : 192.168.1.1
+    1 : fd00::53
+  }
+}
+`,
+			expectedDomains: []string{"example.com", "example.com", "corp.example.com"},
+			expectedServers: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::53")},
+			expectedIP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+		},
+		{
+			// entries without a value after the separator used to panic with
+			// "index out of range [1] with length 1"
+			name: "malformed_array_entries_skipped",
+			output: `<dictionary> {
+  SearchDomains : <array> {
+    0 :
+    (null)
+
+    1 : corp.example.com
+  }
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 :
+    1 : 192.168.1.1
+  }
+}
+`,
+			expectedDomains: []string{"corp.example.com"},
+			expectedServers: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")},
+			expectedIP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "domain_name_without_value_skipped",
+			output: `<dictionary> {
+  DomainName :
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : 192.168.1.1
+  }
+}
+`,
+			expectedServers: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")},
+			expectedIP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "ipv6_first_prefers_ipv4_server_ip",
+			output: `<dictionary> {
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : fd00::53
+    1 : 192.168.1.1
+  }
+}
+`,
+			expectedServers: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::53"), netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")},
+			expectedIP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "invalid_and_unspecified_addresses_skipped",
+			output: `<dictionary> {
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : (null)
+    1 : 0.0.0.0
+    2 : 192.168.1.1
+  }
+}
+`,
+			expectedServers: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")},
+			expectedIP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "v4_mapped_address_unmapped",
+			output: `<dictionary> {
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : ::ffff:192.168.1.1
+  }
+}
+`,
+			expectedServers: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1")},
+			expectedIP:      netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "empty_output",
+			output: "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			settings, servers, err := parseSystemDNSSettings([]byte(tc.output))
+			require.NoError(t, err, "parsing should not fail")
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedDomains, settings.Domains, "domains should match")
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedServers, servers, "server addresses should match")
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedIP, settings.ServerIP, "server IP should match")
+			assert.Equal(t, DefaultPort, settings.ServerPort, "server port should default to 53")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestGetOriginalNameservers(t *testing.T) {
 	configurator := &systemConfigurator{
 		createdKeys: make(map[string]struct{}),
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/host_ios.go b/client/internal/dns/host_ios.go
index 1c0ac63e9..860bb8b50 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/host_ios.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/host_ios.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package dns
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
@@ -20,6 +21,14 @@ func newHostManager(dnsManager IosDnsManager) (*iosHostManager, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func (a iosHostManager) getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr {
+	// Quad9 v4+v6: 9.9.9.9, 2620:fe::fe.
+	return []netip.Addr{
+		netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{9, 9, 9, 9}),
+		netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0x26, 0x20, 0x00, 0xfe, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xfe}),
+	}
+}
+
 func (a iosHostManager) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, _ *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	jsonData, err := json.Marshal(config)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/host_windows.go b/client/internal/dns/host_windows.go
index 4a8cf8cec..948000a3d 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/host_windows.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/host_windows.go
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
@@ -30,10 +33,52 @@ var (
 	dnsFlushResolverCacheFn = dnsapi.NewProc("DnsFlushResolverCache")
 )
 
+// Registry locations of the host DNS configuration this package programs,
+// exported so a diagnostic reader reports the same locations that are written.
 const (
-	dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath    = `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters\DnsPolicyConfig\NetBird-Match`
-	gpoDnsPolicyRoot            = `SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\DNSClient\DnsPolicyConfig`
-	gpoDnsPolicyConfigMatchPath = gpoDnsPolicyRoot + `\NetBird-Match`
+	// NRPTKeyPrefix starts the name of every NRPT rule key this client creates:
+	// the match rules, the catch-all, and the .local exemption. Cleanup
+	// enumerates by this prefix, so a new kind of rule is removed by existing
+	// code as long as its key starts here.
+	NRPTKeyPrefix = "NetBird-"
+
+	// nrptMatchKeyName names the match-domain rules. Older versions used
+	// different layouts under the same name: a single unsuffixed key, then one
+	// key per domain, now one key per batch of domains.
+	nrptMatchKeyName = NRPTKeyPrefix + "Match"
+
+	// DNSPolicyConfigRoot holds the NRPT rules of the local policy store.
+	DNSPolicyConfigRoot = `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Dnscache\Parameters\DnsPolicyConfig`
+
+	// GPODNSPolicyConfigRoot holds the NRPT rules of the group policy store,
+	// which takes precedence over the local one when it is present.
+	GPODNSPolicyConfigRoot = `SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\DNSClient\DnsPolicyConfig`
+
+	// InterfaceConfigPath and InterfaceConfigPathV6 hold the per-interface DNS
+	// settings, keyed by interface GUID, in separate hives per address family.
+	InterfaceConfigPath   = `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces`
+	InterfaceConfigPathV6 = `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip6\Parameters\Interfaces`
+)
+
+const (
+	dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath    = DNSPolicyConfigRoot + `\` + nrptMatchKeyName
+	gpoDnsPolicyConfigMatchPath = GPODNSPolicyConfigRoot + `\` + nrptMatchKeyName
+
+	dnsPolicyConfigExemptLocalPath    = DNSPolicyConfigRoot + `\` + NRPTKeyPrefix + `ExemptLocal`
+	gpoDnsPolicyConfigExemptLocalPath = GPODNSPolicyConfigRoot + `\` + NRPTKeyPrefix + `ExemptLocal`
+
+	nrptCatchAllNamespace = "."
+	// nrptLocalNamespace is reserved for multicast DNS by RFC 6762: a unicast
+	// resolver must not answer for it. The catch-all rule would hand it to us
+	// anyway, so it gets an exemption rule of its own.
+	nrptLocalNamespace = ".local"
+
+	// envLegacyDNSResolution restores the pre-catch-all behaviour: the adapter's
+	// NameServer alone, leaving the OS free to query other adapters' resolvers in
+	// parallel. An escape hatch for setups that depend on a resolver of theirs
+	// still being reachable while connected, at the cost of the leak and of the
+	// race the catch-all rule exists to close.
+	envLegacyDNSResolution = "NB_USE_LEGACY_DNS_RESOLUTION"
 
 	dnsPolicyConfigVersionKey           = "Version"
 	dnsPolicyConfigVersionValue         = 2
@@ -44,9 +89,9 @@ const (
 
 	nrptMaxDomainsPerRule = 50
 
-	interfaceConfigPath          = `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces`
-	interfaceConfigNameServerKey = "NameServer"
-	interfaceConfigSearchListKey = "SearchList"
+	interfaceConfigNameServerKey  = "NameServer"
+	interfaceConfigDhcpNameSrvKey = "DhcpNameServer"
+	interfaceConfigSearchListKey  = "SearchList"
 
 	// Network interface DNS registration settings
 	disableDynamicUpdateKey           = "DisableDynamicUpdate"
@@ -67,10 +112,10 @@ const (
 )
 
 type registryConfigurator struct {
-	guid           string
-	routingAll     bool
-	gpo            bool
-	nrptEntryCount int
+	guid            string
+	routingAll      bool
+	gpo             bool
+	origNameservers []netip.Addr
 }
 
 func newHostManager(wgInterface WGIface) (*registryConfigurator, error) {
@@ -80,7 +125,7 @@ func newHostManager(wgInterface WGIface) (*registryConfigurator, error) {
 	}
 
 	var useGPO bool
-	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, gpoDnsPolicyRoot, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, GPODNSPolicyConfigRoot, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to open GPO DNS policy root: %v", err)
 	} else {
@@ -94,6 +139,17 @@ func newHostManager(wgInterface WGIface) (*registryConfigurator, error) {
 		gpo:  useGPO,
 	}
 
+	origNameservers, err := configurator.captureOriginalNameservers()
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		log.Warnf("capture original nameservers from non-WG adapters: %v", err)
+	case len(origNameservers) == 0:
+		log.Warnf("no original nameservers captured from non-WG adapters; DNS fallback will be empty")
+	default:
+		log.Debugf("captured %d original nameservers from non-WG adapters: %v", len(origNameservers), origNameservers)
+	}
+	configurator.origNameservers = origNameservers
+
 	if err := configurator.configureInterface(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to configure interface settings: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -101,6 +157,98 @@ func newHostManager(wgInterface WGIface) (*registryConfigurator, error) {
 	return configurator, nil
 }
 
+// captureOriginalNameservers reads DNS addresses from every Tcpip(6) interface
+// registry key except the WG adapter. v4 and v6 servers live in separate
+// hives (Tcpip vs Tcpip6) keyed by the same interface GUID.
+func (r *registryConfigurator) captureOriginalNameservers() ([]netip.Addr, error) {
+	seen := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{})
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for _, root := range []string{InterfaceConfigPath, InterfaceConfigPathV6} {
+		addrs, err := r.captureFromTcpipRoot(root)
+		if err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", root, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, addr := range addrs {
+			if _, dup := seen[addr]; dup {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[addr] = struct{}{}
+			out = append(out, addr)
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func (r *registryConfigurator) captureFromTcpipRoot(rootPath string) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
+	root, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, rootPath, registry.READ)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open key: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer closer(root)
+
+	guids, err := root.ReadSubKeyNames(-1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read subkeys: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	for _, guid := range guids {
+		if strings.EqualFold(guid, r.guid) {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, readInterfaceNameservers(rootPath, guid)...)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func readInterfaceNameservers(rootPath, guid string) []netip.Addr {
+	keyPath := rootPath + "\\" + guid
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, keyPath, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer closer(k)
+
+	// Static NameServer wins over DhcpNameServer for actual resolution.
+	for _, name := range []string{interfaceConfigNameServerKey, interfaceConfigDhcpNameSrvKey} {
+		raw, _, err := k.GetStringValue(name)
+		if err != nil || raw == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if out := parseRegistryNameservers(raw); len(out) > 0 {
+			return out
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func parseRegistryNameservers(raw string) []netip.Addr {
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	for _, field := range strings.FieldsFunc(raw, func(r rune) bool { return r == ',' || r == ' ' || r == '\t' }) {
+		addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(strings.TrimSpace(field))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		addr = addr.Unmap()
+		if !addr.IsValid() || addr.IsUnspecified() {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Drop unzoned link-local: not routable without a scope id. If
+		// the user wrote "fe80::1%eth0" ParseAddr preserves the zone.
+		if addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast() && addr.Zone() == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, addr)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (r *registryConfigurator) getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr {
+	return slices.Clone(r.origNameservers)
+}
+
 func (r *registryConfigurator) supportCustomPort() bool {
 	return false
 }
@@ -169,6 +317,13 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) disableWINSForInterface() error {
 }
 
 func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
+	// Clear every rule the previous apply installed before installing any new
+	// one, including a leftover catch-all: removal is unconditional so a rule
+	// from an earlier run cannot survive into a config that no longer wants it.
+	if err := r.removeDNSMatchPolicies(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("cleanup old dns match policies: %s", err)
+	}
+
 	if config.RouteAll {
 		if err := r.addDNSSetupForAll(config.ServerIP); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("add dns setup: %w", err)
@@ -194,19 +349,28 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 		matchDomains = append(matchDomains, "."+strings.TrimSuffix(dConf.Domain, "."))
 	}
 
-	if err := r.removeDNSMatchPolicies(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("cleanup old dns match policies: %s", err)
+	// The root namespace is a match domain like any other: it just happens to
+	// match every name. Without it the adapter's NameServer only adds one more
+	// resolver to the set Windows queries in parallel, keeping whichever answer
+	// comes back first — which leaks every query to the local network and lets a
+	// resolver other than ours answer for a name we are authoritative for.
+	if config.RouteAll {
+		if parseBoolEnv(envLegacyDNSResolution) {
+			log.Infof("%s is set, leaving DNS resolution shared with the other adapters' resolvers instead of forcing it through %s", envLegacyDNSResolution, config.ServerIP)
+		} else {
+			matchDomains = append(matchDomains, nrptCatchAllNamespace)
+			log.Infof("routing every namespace through %s: DNS resolution is now exclusive to NetBird", config.ServerIP)
+
+			if err := r.addDNSExemptLocalPolicy(); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("add dns exempt policy: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	if len(matchDomains) != 0 {
-		count, err := r.addDNSMatchPolicy(matchDomains, config.ServerIP)
-		// Update count even on error to ensure cleanup covers partially created rules
-		r.nrptEntryCount = count
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := r.addDNSMatchPolicy(matchDomains, config.ServerIP); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("add dns match policy: %w", err)
 		}
-	} else {
-		r.nrptEntryCount = 0
 	}
 
 	r.updateState(stateManager)
@@ -222,9 +386,8 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager
 
 func (r *registryConfigurator) updateState(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
 	if err := stateManager.UpdateState(&ShutdownState{
-		Guid:           r.guid,
-		GPO:            r.gpo,
-		NRPTEntryCount: r.nrptEntryCount,
+		Guid: r.guid,
+		GPO:  r.gpo,
 	}); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update shutdown state: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -239,7 +402,7 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) addDNSSetupForAll(ip netip.Addr) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *registryConfigurator) addDNSMatchPolicy(domains []string, ip netip.Addr) (int, error) {
+func (r *registryConfigurator) addDNSMatchPolicy(domains []string, ip netip.Addr) error {
 	// if the gpo key is present, we need to put our DNS settings there, otherwise our config might be ignored
 	// see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-gpnrpt/8cc31cb9-20cb-4140-9e85-3e08703b4745
 
@@ -256,19 +419,17 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) addDNSMatchPolicy(domains []string, ip netip.Addr
 		gpoPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", gpoDnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, ruleIndex)
 
 		if err := r.configureDNSPolicy(localPath, batchDomains, ip); err != nil {
-			return ruleIndex, fmt.Errorf("configure DNS Local policy for rule %d: %w", ruleIndex, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("configure DNS Local policy for rule %d: %w", ruleIndex, err)
 		}
 
-		// Increment immediately so the caller's cleanup path knows about this rule
-		ruleIndex++
-
 		if r.gpo {
 			if err := r.configureDNSPolicy(gpoPath, batchDomains, ip); err != nil {
-				return ruleIndex, fmt.Errorf("configure gpo DNS policy for rule %d: %w", ruleIndex-1, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("configure gpo DNS policy for rule %d: %w", ruleIndex, err)
 			}
 		}
 
-		log.Debugf("added NRPT rule %d with %d domains", ruleIndex-1, len(batchDomains))
+		log.Debugf("added NRPT rule %d with %d domains", ruleIndex, len(batchDomains))
+		ruleIndex++
 	}
 
 	if r.gpo {
@@ -278,9 +439,45 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) addDNSMatchPolicy(domains []string, ip netip.Addr
 	}
 
 	log.Infof("added %d NRPT rules for %d domains", ruleIndex, len(domains))
-	return ruleIndex, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
+// addDNSExemptLocalPolicy carves .local back out of the catch-all. RFC 6762
+// reserves it for multicast DNS, so forwarding those names to a unicast
+// upstream answers NXDOMAIN for hosts that do exist - printers, NAS boxes, and
+// anything else announcing itself on the link - and the answer is authoritative
+// enough that Windows stops looking. A rule naming the namespace with no
+// servers hands it back to the DNS client untouched. A more specific rule still
+// wins, so a match domain under .local keeps going through us.
+func (r *registryConfigurator) addDNSExemptLocalPolicy() error {
+	var noServers netip.Addr
+
+	if err := r.configureDNSPolicy(dnsPolicyConfigExemptLocalPath, []string{nrptLocalNamespace}, noServers); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("configure exempt policy for %s: %w", nrptLocalNamespace, err)
+	}
+
+	if r.gpo {
+		if err := r.configureDNSPolicy(gpoDnsPolicyConfigExemptLocalPath, []string{nrptLocalNamespace}, noServers); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("configure gpo exempt policy for %s: %w", nrptLocalNamespace, err)
+		}
+		if err := refreshGroupPolicy(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to refresh group policy: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("added NRPT exemption for %s, leaving it to the OS resolver", nrptLocalNamespace)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// configureDNSPolicy writes one NRPT rule. An invalid ip writes an exemption
+// rule: the namespace with an empty server list, which tells the DNS client to
+// resolve those names the way it would without any rule at all.
+//
+// The empty string is the whole difference, and it has to be written: dropping
+// the value and clearing ConfigOptions instead produces a rule Windows treats
+// as a no-op, keeps out of Get-DnsClientNrptPolicy -Effective, and ignores in
+// favour of the catch-all. 0x8 says the server list is the meaningful part of
+// the rule, and an empty list then means "no server, resolve normally".
 func (r *registryConfigurator) configureDNSPolicy(policyPath string, domains []string, ip netip.Addr) error {
 	if err := removeRegistryKeyFromDNSPolicyConfig(policyPath); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove existing dns policy: %w", err)
@@ -300,7 +497,11 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) configureDNSPolicy(policyPath string, domains []s
 		return fmt.Errorf("set %s: %w", dnsPolicyConfigNameKey, err)
 	}
 
-	if err := regKey.SetStringValue(dnsPolicyConfigGenericDNSServersKey, ip.String()); err != nil {
+	var servers string
+	if ip.IsValid() {
+		servers = ip.String()
+	}
+	if err := regKey.SetStringValue(dnsPolicyConfigGenericDNSServersKey, servers); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("set %s: %w", dnsPolicyConfigGenericDNSServersKey, err)
 	}
 
@@ -343,7 +544,7 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) flushDNSCache() {
 
 	ret, _, err := dnsFlushResolverCacheFn.Call()
 	if ret == 0 {
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.Errno(0)) {
+		if !errors.Is(err, syscall.Errno(0)) {
 			log.Errorf("DnsFlushResolverCache failed: %v", err)
 			return
 		}
@@ -389,7 +590,7 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) deleteInterfaceRegistryKeyProperty(propertyKey st
 }
 
 func (r *registryConfigurator) getInterfaceRegistryKey() (registry.Key, error) {
-	regKeyPath := interfaceConfigPath + "\\" + r.guid
+	regKeyPath := InterfaceConfigPath + "\\" + r.guid
 	regKey, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, regKeyPath, registry.SET_VALUE)
 	if err != nil {
 		return regKey, fmt.Errorf("open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %w", regKeyPath, err)
@@ -398,8 +599,11 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) getInterfaceRegistryKey() (registry.Key, error) {
 }
 
 func (r *registryConfigurator) restoreHostDNS() error {
+	// Propagated, unlike in applyDNSConfig: there we are about to write fresh
+	// rules over whatever survived, here we are leaving, and a rule left behind
+	// keeps sending every query to an address that is about to disappear.
 	if err := r.removeDNSMatchPolicies(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("remove dns match policies: %s", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove dns match policies: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if err := r.deleteInterfaceRegistryKeyProperty(interfaceConfigSearchListKey); err != nil {
@@ -411,28 +615,28 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) restoreHostDNS() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// removeDNSMatchPolicies deletes every NRPT rule this client may have created,
+// from the local and the GPO policy store. The rules are found by enumerating
+// the registry, the only authoritative record of what was written. Cleanup must
+// not depend on a rule count: the in-memory one is scoped to a single
+// registryConfigurator and the persisted one is deleted on every clean
+// disconnect, and a rule left behind keeps resolving names over an interface
+// that is gone, until reboot discards the volatile key.
 func (r *registryConfigurator) removeDNSMatchPolicies() error {
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 
-	// Try to remove the base entries (for backward compatibility)
-	if err := removeRegistryKeyFromDNSPolicyConfig(dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove local base entry: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	if err := removeRegistryKeyFromDNSPolicyConfig(gpoDnsPolicyConfigMatchPath); err != nil {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove GPO base entry: %w", err))
-	}
-
-	for i := 0; i < r.nrptEntryCount; i++ {
-		localPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i)
-		gpoPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", gpoDnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i)
-
-		if err := removeRegistryKeyFromDNSPolicyConfig(localPath); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove local entry %d: %w", i, err))
+	for _, root := range []string{DNSPolicyConfigRoot, GPODNSPolicyConfigRoot} {
+		names, err := listNRPTRuleKeys(root)
+		if err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("list rule keys under %s: %w", root, err))
+			continue
 		}
 
-		if err := removeRegistryKeyFromDNSPolicyConfig(gpoPath); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove GPO entry %d: %w", i, err))
+		for _, name := range names {
+			path := root + `\` + name
+			if err := removeRegistryKeyFromDNSPolicyConfig(path); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove entry %s: %w", path, err))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -447,11 +651,52 @@ func (r *registryConfigurator) restoreUncleanShutdownDNS() error {
 	return r.restoreHostDNS()
 }
 
+// listNRPTRuleKeys returns the names of our NRPT rule keys under a policy store
+// root. An absent root holds nothing to clean up, which is the normal state of
+// the GPO store on a machine without DNS Client policy.
+func listNRPTRuleKeys(root string) ([]string, error) {
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, root, registry.ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS)
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, registry.ErrNotExist), errors.Is(err, syscall.ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND):
+		// the GPO store is absent on a machine without DNS client policy
+		log.Debugf("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s does not exist", root)
+		return nil, nil
+	case err != nil:
+		// any other failure has to reach the caller: reporting no rules would
+		// report a successful cleanup while leaving the rules in place
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %w", root, err)
+	}
+	defer closer(k)
+
+	names, err := k.ReadSubKeyNames(-1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read subkey names: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var ruleKeys []string
+	for _, name := range names {
+		// registry key names are case insensitive
+		if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(name), strings.ToLower(NRPTKeyPrefix)) {
+			ruleKeys = append(ruleKeys, name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ruleKeys, nil
+}
+
 func removeRegistryKeyFromDNSPolicyConfig(regKeyPath string) error {
 	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, regKeyPath, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %v", regKeyPath, err)
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, registry.ErrNotExist), errors.Is(err, syscall.ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND):
+		// nothing to remove, which is the normal case for a rule this config
+		// never installed
+		log.Debugf("HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s does not exist", regKeyPath)
 		return nil
+	case err != nil:
+		// anything else has to reach the caller: reporting success here would
+		// leave the rule in force while claiming it was removed, which is how a
+		// stale rule outlives the interface it points at
+		return fmt.Errorf("open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\%s: %w", regKeyPath, err)
 	}
 
 	closer(k)
@@ -478,7 +723,7 @@ func refreshGroupPolicy() error {
 	)
 
 	if ret == 0 {
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.Errno(0)) {
+		if !errors.Is(err, syscall.Errno(0)) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("RefreshPolicyEx failed: %w", err)
 		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("RefreshPolicyEx failed")
@@ -487,6 +732,20 @@ func refreshGroupPolicy() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func parseBoolEnv(key string) bool {
+	val := os.Getenv(key)
+	if val == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	parsed, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to parse %s=%q: %v", key, val, err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return parsed
+}
+
 func closer(closer io.Closer) {
 	if err := closer.Close(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to close: %s", err)
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/host_windows_test.go b/client/internal/dns/host_windows_test.go
index 3cd2b1bd5..7aef64590 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/host_windows_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/host_windows_test.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func TestNRPTEntriesCleanupOnConfigChange(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create a test interface registry key so updateSearchDomains doesn't fail
 	testGUID := "{12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789ABC}"
-	interfacePath := `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\` + testGUID
+	interfacePath := InterfaceConfigPath + `\` + testGUID
 	testKey, _, err := registry.CreateKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath, registry.SET_VALUE)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create test interface registry key")
 	testKey.Close()
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func TestNRPTEntriesCleanupOnConfigChange(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify 3 NRPT rules exist
-	assert.Equal(t, 3, cfg.nrptEntryCount, "Should create 3 NRPT rules for 125 domains")
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, countNRPTRuleKeys(t), "Should create 3 NRPT rules for 125 domains")
 	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
 		exists, err := registryKeyExists(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func TestNRPTEntriesCleanupOnConfigChange(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Verify first 2 NRPT rules exist
-	assert.Equal(t, 2, cfg.nrptEntryCount, "Should create 2 NRPT rules for 75 domains")
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, countNRPTRuleKeys(t), "Should create 2 NRPT rules for 75 domains")
 	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
 		exists, err := registryKeyExists(fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, i))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -94,6 +94,145 @@ func TestNRPTEntriesCleanupOnConfigChange(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, exists, "NRPT rule 2 should NOT exist after reducing to 75 domains")
 }
 
+// TestNRPTCatchAllRule verifies that RouteAll adds the root namespace to the
+// match rule instead of a rule of its own, that .local is carved back out with
+// an empty server list, and that both go away when RouteAll is cleared or the
+// host DNS is restored.
+func TestNRPTCatchAllRule(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skipping registry integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	defer cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+	cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+
+	testIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+	testGUID := "{12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789ABC}"
+	interfacePath := InterfaceConfigPath + `\` + testGUID
+	testKey, _, err := registry.CreateKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath, registry.SET_VALUE)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create test interface registry key")
+	require.NoError(t, testKey.Close(), "close test interface registry key")
+	defer func() {
+		assert.NoError(t, registry.DeleteKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath), "delete test interface registry key")
+	}()
+
+	cfg := &registryConfigurator{guid: testGUID}
+
+	matchOnly := HostDNSConfig{
+		ServerIP: testIP,
+		Domains:  []DomainConfig{{Domain: "example.com", MatchOnly: true}},
+	}
+	primary := HostDNSConfig{
+		ServerIP: testIP,
+		RouteAll: true,
+		Domains:  []DomainConfig{{Domain: "example.com", MatchOnly: true}},
+	}
+	firstRule := fmt.Sprintf("%s-0", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath)
+
+	// The root namespace is not a rule of its own: it rides in the match rule,
+	// which is the point of it not being a special case.
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.applyDNSConfig(matchOnly, nil))
+	names := ruleNamespaces(t, firstRule)
+	assert.Contains(t, names, ".example.com")
+	assert.NotContains(t, names, nrptCatchAllNamespace, "a match-only config must not claim every namespace")
+
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.applyDNSConfig(primary, nil))
+	names = ruleNamespaces(t, firstRule)
+	assert.Contains(t, names, ".example.com")
+	assert.Contains(t, names, nrptCatchAllNamespace, "RouteAll should add the root namespace to the match rule")
+
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, firstRule, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	servers, _, err := k.GetStringValue(dnsPolicyConfigGenericDNSServersKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, testIP.String(), servers, "every namespace in the rule resolves through our resolver")
+	require.NoError(t, k.Close(), "close match rule key")
+
+	// .local is carved back out: RFC 6762 reserves it for mDNS, so it needs a
+	// rule of its own — it is the one rule with a different server list.
+	ek, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, dnsPolicyConfigExemptLocalPath, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "exemption rule should exist once the root namespace is claimed")
+
+	exemptNames, _, err := ek.GetStringsValue(dnsPolicyConfigNameKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{nrptLocalNamespace}, exemptNames, "the exemption should name only the mDNS namespace")
+
+	exemptServers, _, err := ek.GetStringValue(dnsPolicyConfigGenericDNSServersKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "the value has to be present, empty: without it Windows drops the rule")
+	assert.Empty(t, exemptServers, "an exemption rule lists no servers")
+
+	exemptOpts, _, err := ek.GetIntegerValue(dnsPolicyConfigConfigOptionsKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, dnsPolicyConfigConfigOptionsValue, exemptOpts, "same options as a normal rule; the empty server list is what makes it an exemption")
+	require.NoError(t, ek.Close(), "close exemption rule key")
+
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.applyDNSConfig(matchOnly, nil))
+	names = ruleNamespaces(t, firstRule)
+	assert.NotContains(t, names, nrptCatchAllNamespace, "clearing RouteAll should drop the root namespace")
+
+	exists, err := registryKeyExists(dnsPolicyConfigExemptLocalPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, exists, "exemption rule should go with the namespace it carves out of")
+
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.applyDNSConfig(primary, nil))
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.restoreHostDNS())
+	exists, err = registryKeyExists(firstRule)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, exists, "restore should leave no rule behind")
+}
+
+// ruleNamespaces returns the namespaces an NRPT rule key claims.
+func ruleNamespaces(t *testing.T, path string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, path, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "rule key %s should exist", path)
+	defer k.Close()
+
+	names, _, err := k.GetStringsValue(dnsPolicyConfigNameKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return names
+}
+
+// TestNRPTCatchAllRuleLegacyEnv verifies that NB_USE_LEGACY_DNS_RESOLUTION
+// leaves the root namespace unclaimed, so no rule is written for a RouteAll
+// config that carries no match domains.
+func TestNRPTCatchAllRuleLegacyEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skipping registry integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	defer cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+	cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+
+	t.Setenv(envLegacyDNSResolution, "true")
+
+	testGUID := "{12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789ABC}"
+	interfacePath := InterfaceConfigPath + `\` + testGUID
+	testKey, _, err := registry.CreateKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath, registry.SET_VALUE)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create test interface registry key")
+	require.NoError(t, testKey.Close(), "close test interface registry key")
+	defer func() {
+		assert.NoError(t, registry.DeleteKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath), "delete test interface registry key")
+	}()
+
+	cfg := &registryConfigurator{guid: testGUID}
+	config := HostDNSConfig{
+		ServerIP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		RouteAll: true,
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, cfg.applyDNSConfig(config, nil))
+
+	// RouteAll with no match domains and the switch set leaves nothing to write.
+	exists, err := registryKeyExists(fmt.Sprintf("%s-0", dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, exists, "no rule should be written when the legacy env var is set")
+
+	exists, err = registryKeyExists(dnsPolicyConfigExemptLocalPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, exists, "no exemption without a claimed root namespace")
+}
+
 func registryKeyExists(path string) (bool, error) {
 	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, path, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -106,9 +245,65 @@ func registryKeyExists(path string) (bool, error) {
 	return true, nil
 }
 
+// TestNRPTCleanupWithoutRuleCount verifies that rules written by a previous run
+// are removed by a configurator that has no record of how many there are: an
+// unclean exit loses the in-memory count and a clean disconnect deletes the
+// persisted one, so cleanup cannot depend on either.
+func TestNRPTCleanupWithoutRuleCount(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skipping registry integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	defer cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+	cleanupRegistryKeys(t)
+
+	testIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")
+
+	// 75 domains produce two indexed rules, as the current layout does
+	domains := make([]string, 75)
+	for i := range domains {
+		domains[i] = fmt.Sprintf(".domain%d.com", i+1)
+	}
+
+	previousRun := &registryConfigurator{}
+	require.NoError(t, previousRun.addDNSMatchPolicy(domains, testIP))
+
+	// the unsuffixed key an older version would have written
+	require.NoError(t, previousRun.configureDNSPolicy(dnsPolicyConfigMatchPath, []string{".legacy.example.com"}, testIP))
+
+	// a policy owned by someone else, which cleanup must not touch
+	foreignPath := DNSPolicyConfigRoot + `\DnsPolicyConfigTestForeign`
+	foreignKey, _, err := registry.CreateKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, foreignPath, registry.SET_VALUE)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create foreign policy key")
+	foreignKey.Close()
+	defer func() {
+		_ = registry.DeleteKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, foreignPath)
+	}()
+
+	require.Equal(t, 3, countNRPTRuleKeys(t), "Should have two indexed rules and the legacy one")
+
+	// a configurator that never applied a DNS config, as one built after a
+	// restart or from a shutdown state without a count is
+	freshRun := &registryConfigurator{}
+	require.NoError(t, freshRun.removeDNSMatchPolicies())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, countNRPTRuleKeys(t), "Should remove every rule left by the previous run")
+
+	exists, err := registryKeyExists(foreignPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, exists, "Should not remove a policy that is not ours")
+}
+
+func countNRPTRuleKeys(t *testing.T) int {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	names, err := listNRPTRuleKeys(DNSPolicyConfigRoot)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should list NRPT rule keys")
+	return len(names)
+}
+
 func cleanupRegistryKeys(*testing.T) {
-	// Clean up more entries to account for batching tests with many domains
-	cfg := &registryConfigurator{nrptEntryCount: 20}
+	cfg := &registryConfigurator{}
 	_ = cfg.removeDNSMatchPolicies()
 }
 
@@ -125,7 +320,7 @@ func TestNRPTDomainBatching(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Create a test interface registry key so updateSearchDomains doesn't fail
 	testGUID := "{12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789ABC}"
-	interfacePath := `SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\` + testGUID
+	interfacePath := InterfaceConfigPath + `\` + testGUID
 	testKey, _, err := registry.CreateKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, interfacePath, registry.SET_VALUE)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create test interface registry key")
 	testKey.Close()
@@ -193,7 +388,7 @@ func TestNRPTDomainBatching(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			// Verify that exactly expectedRuleCount rules were created
-			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedRuleCount, cfg.nrptEntryCount,
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedRuleCount, countNRPTRuleKeys(t),
 				"Should create %d NRPT rules for %d domains", tc.expectedRuleCount, tc.domainCount)
 
 			// Verify all expected rules exist
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/hosts_dns_holder.go b/client/internal/dns/hosts_dns_holder.go
index 980d917a7..9ecc397be 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/hosts_dns_holder.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/hosts_dns_holder.go
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ func (h *hostsDNSHolder) set(list []netip.AddrPort) {
 	h.mutex.Unlock()
 }
 
+//nolint:unused
 func (h *hostsDNSHolder) get() map[netip.AddrPort]struct{} {
 	h.mutex.RLock()
 	l := h.unprotectedDNSList
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/interface_index.go b/client/internal/dns/interface_index.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e7dca080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/dns/interface_index.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+)
+
+func getInterfaceIndex(interfaceName string) (int, error) {
+	iface, err := net.InterfaceByName(interfaceName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("lookup interface %q: %w", interfaceName, err)
+	}
+
+	return iface.Index, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/interface_index_test.go b/client/internal/dns/interface_index_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b146398a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/dns/interface_index_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestGetInterfaceIndexExisting(t *testing.T) {
+	interfaces, err := net.Interfaces()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("list network interfaces: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(interfaces) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected at least one network interface")
+	}
+
+	iface := interfaces[0]
+	index, err := getInterfaceIndex(iface.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("look up existing interface %q: %v", iface.Name, err)
+	}
+	if index != iface.Index {
+		t.Fatalf("expected interface index %d, got %d", iface.Index, index)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetInterfaceIndexMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	index, err := getInterfaceIndex("netbird-interface-that-does-not-exist")
+	if index != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected missing interface index to be 0, got %d", index)
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected missing interface lookup to return an error")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/local/local.go b/client/internal/dns/local/local.go
index a67a23945..fef35fd41 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/local/local.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/local/local.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/resutil"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/types"
@@ -27,6 +27,55 @@ type resolver interface {
 	LookupNetIP(ctx context.Context, network, host string) ([]netip.Addr, error)
 }
 
+// PeerConnectivity reports whether a tunnel IP belongs to a peer the
+// client knows about and whether that peer is currently connected. The
+// local resolver uses this to suppress A/AAAA answers whose RDATA points
+// at a disconnected peer (typical case: a synthesized private-service
+// record pointing at an embedded proxy peer that just went offline).
+//
+// known=false means the IP isn't in the local peerstore at all — the
+// record is left alone (it points at something outside our mesh, e.g.
+// a non-peer upstream).
+type PeerConnectivity interface {
+	IsConnectedByIP(ip netip.Addr) (known, connected bool)
+}
+
+// PeerActivator wakes lazy-connection peers on demand. The local resolver calls
+// it with the tunnel IPs an answer points at, so a peer that is idle (lazily
+// disconnected) starts connecting at DNS-resolution time rather than racing the
+// client's first request packet. nil disables warm-up.
+type PeerActivator interface {
+	// ActivatePeersByIP triggers wake-up for the peer(s) owning addrs and blocks
+	// until one is connected or ctx (a short per-query budget) expires. It is a
+	// fast no-op for unknown or already-connected addresses.
+	ActivatePeersByIP(ctx context.Context, addrs []netip.Addr)
+}
+
+const (
+	defaultLazyWarmupTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+	envLazyWarmupTimeout     = "NB_DNS_LAZY_WARMUP_TIMEOUT"
+)
+
+// lazyWarmupTimeoutFromEnv returns the per-query budget for waking a
+// lazy-connection peer a DNS answer points at. Tunable via
+// NB_DNS_LAZY_WARMUP_TIMEOUT (a Go duration). Parsed once at construction time.
+func lazyWarmupTimeoutFromEnv() time.Duration {
+	v := os.Getenv(envLazyWarmupTimeout)
+	if v == "" {
+		return defaultLazyWarmupTimeout
+	}
+	d, err := time.ParseDuration(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("invalid %s value %q, using default %s: %v", envLazyWarmupTimeout, v, defaultLazyWarmupTimeout, err)
+		return defaultLazyWarmupTimeout
+	}
+	if d <= 0 {
+		log.Warnf("non-positive %s value %q, using default %s", envLazyWarmupTimeout, v, defaultLazyWarmupTimeout)
+		return defaultLazyWarmupTimeout
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
 type Resolver struct {
 	mu      sync.RWMutex
 	records map[dns.Question][]dns.RR
@@ -34,6 +83,17 @@ type Resolver struct {
 	// zones maps zone domain -> NonAuthoritative (true = non-authoritative, user-created zone)
 	zones    map[domain.Domain]bool
 	resolver resolver
+	// peerConn, when non-nil, is consulted on every A/AAAA answer to
+	// drop records pointing at disconnected peers. nil disables the
+	// filter and preserves the legacy "return whatever is registered"
+	// behaviour for callers that never wire a status source.
+	peerConn PeerConnectivity
+	// peerActivator, when non-nil, is called at resolution time to warm the
+	// lazy connection to the peer(s) an answer points at. nil disables warm-up.
+	peerActivator PeerActivator
+	// warmupTimeout is the per-query budget for the lazy-connection warm-up
+	// wait, resolved from the environment once at construction time.
+	warmupTimeout time.Duration
 
 	ctx    context.Context
 	cancel context.CancelFunc
@@ -42,14 +102,32 @@ type Resolver struct {
 func NewResolver() *Resolver {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	return &Resolver{
-		records: make(map[dns.Question][]dns.RR),
-		domains: make(map[domain.Domain]struct{}),
-		zones:   make(map[domain.Domain]bool),
-		ctx:     ctx,
-		cancel:  cancel,
+		records:       make(map[dns.Question][]dns.RR),
+		domains:       make(map[domain.Domain]struct{}),
+		zones:         make(map[domain.Domain]bool),
+		warmupTimeout: lazyWarmupTimeoutFromEnv(),
+		ctx:           ctx,
+		cancel:        cancel,
 	}
 }
 
+// SetPeerConnectivity wires the per-IP connectivity check used to filter
+// out A/AAAA answers pointing at disconnected peers. Pass nil to disable.
+// Safe to call multiple times; the latest value wins.
+func (d *Resolver) SetPeerConnectivity(p PeerConnectivity) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	d.peerConn = p
+}
+
+// SetPeerActivator wires the DNS-time lazy-connection warm-up. Pass nil to
+// disable. Safe to call multiple times; the latest value wins.
+func (d *Resolver) SetPeerActivator(a PeerActivator) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	d.peerActivator = a
+}
+
 func (d *Resolver) MatchSubdomains() bool {
 	return true
 }
@@ -67,9 +145,9 @@ func (d *Resolver) Stop() {
 	d.mu.Lock()
 	defer d.mu.Unlock()
 
-	maps.Clear(d.records)
-	maps.Clear(d.domains)
-	maps.Clear(d.zones)
+	clear(d.records)
+	clear(d.domains)
+	clear(d.zones)
 }
 
 // ID returns the unique handler ID
@@ -77,8 +155,6 @@ func (d *Resolver) ID() types.HandlerID {
 	return "local-resolver"
 }
 
-func (d *Resolver) ProbeAvailability(context.Context) {}
-
 // ServeDNS handles a DNS request
 func (d *Resolver) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 	logger := log.WithFields(log.Fields{
@@ -98,6 +174,10 @@ func (d *Resolver) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 	replyMessage.RecursionAvailable = true
 
 	result := d.lookupRecords(logger, question)
+	// Warm before filtering: activation flips a lazily-idle target to connected,
+	// which then lets it survive the disconnected-peer filter below.
+	d.warmLazyPeers(question, result.records)
+	result.records = d.filterDisconnectedPeerAnswers(logger, question, result.records)
 	replyMessage.Authoritative = !result.hasExternalData
 	replyMessage.Answer = result.records
 	replyMessage.Rcode = d.determineRcode(question, result)
@@ -439,14 +519,121 @@ func (d *Resolver) logDNSError(logger *log.Entry, hostname string, qtype uint16,
 	}
 }
 
+// filterDisconnectedPeerAnswers drops A/AAAA records whose RDATA matches
+// a known but disconnected peer. The synthesized private-service zones
+// emit one A record per connected proxy peer in a cluster; when a peer
+// goes offline, the server-side refresh removes the record from the
+// next netmap, but the client may still hold the previous netmap for a
+// short window. This filter is the local belt to that braces — even on
+// the stale netmap, the resolver hides the offline target.
+//
+// Records pointing at unknown IPs (outside the local peerstore, e.g.
+// non-mesh upstreams) are never dropped. Non-A/AAAA records pass
+// through untouched.
+//
+// Escape hatch: if filtering would leave the answer empty AND at least
+// one record was filtered, the original list is returned. Better to
+// hand the client a record that may not respond than NXDOMAIN it
+// completely when every proxy peer is offline (the upstream may still
+// be reachable some other way, or the peerstore may be stale).
+func (d *Resolver) filterDisconnectedPeerAnswers(logger *log.Entry, question dns.Question, records []dns.RR) []dns.RR {
+	if len(records) < 2 {
+		return records
+	}
+	d.mu.RLock()
+	checker := d.peerConn
+	d.mu.RUnlock()
+	if checker == nil {
+		return records
+	}
+
+	kept := make([]dns.RR, 0, len(records))
+	var dropped int
+	for _, rr := range records {
+		ip, ok := extractRecordAddr(rr)
+		if !ok {
+			kept = append(kept, rr)
+			continue
+		}
+		known, connected := checker.IsConnectedByIP(ip)
+		if known && !connected {
+			dropped++
+			continue
+		}
+		kept = append(kept, rr)
+	}
+	if dropped == 0 {
+		return records
+	}
+	if len(kept) == 0 {
+		logger.Debugf("all %d answers for %s point at disconnected peers; returning the original list", dropped, question.Name)
+		return records
+	}
+	logger.Tracef("dropped %d disconnected-peer answer(s) for %s, returning %d", dropped, question.Name, len(kept))
+	return kept
+}
+
+// warmLazyPeers triggers lazy-connection wake-up for the peers a resolved
+// answer points at and waits briefly for one to connect, so the caller's first
+// request doesn't race the connection establishment. Warm-up is scoped to
+// match-only (non-authoritative) zones — the synthesized private-service zones
+// and user-created zones whose records point at specific peers. The account's
+// peer zone is authoritative, so plain peer-name lookups never trigger warm-up;
+// otherwise resolving any peer's name would wake its idle connection, defeating
+// laziness mesh-wide. No-op when no activator is wired (lazy connections
+// disabled) or the answer carries no peer IPs.
+func (d *Resolver) warmLazyPeers(question dns.Question, records []dns.RR) {
+	if len(records) < 2 {
+		return
+	}
+	d.mu.RLock()
+	activator := d.peerActivator
+	var nonAuth, found bool
+	if activator != nil {
+		nonAuth, found = d.findZone(question.Name)
+	}
+	d.mu.RUnlock()
+	if activator == nil || !found || !nonAuth {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var addrs []netip.Addr
+	for _, rr := range records {
+		if addr, ok := extractRecordAddr(rr); ok {
+			addrs = append(addrs, addr)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(addrs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(d.ctx, d.warmupTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	activator.ActivatePeersByIP(ctx, addrs)
+}
+
+// extractRecordAddr returns the IP address carried by an A or AAAA record.
+// ok is false for any other record type or a record with no address.
+func extractRecordAddr(rr dns.RR) (netip.Addr, bool) {
+	switch r := rr.(type) {
+	case *dns.A:
+		addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(r.A)
+		return addr.Unmap(), ok
+	case *dns.AAAA:
+		addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(r.AAAA)
+		return addr.Unmap(), ok
+	}
+	return netip.Addr{}, false
+}
+
 // Update replaces all zones and their records
 func (d *Resolver) Update(customZones []nbdns.CustomZone) {
 	d.mu.Lock()
 	defer d.mu.Unlock()
 
-	maps.Clear(d.records)
-	maps.Clear(d.domains)
-	maps.Clear(d.zones)
+	clear(d.records)
+	clear(d.domains)
+	clear(d.zones)
 
 	for _, zone := range customZones {
 		zoneDomain := domain.Domain(strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(zone.Domain)))
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go b/client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go
index 2c6b7dbc3..89e896c0a 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/local/local_test.go
@@ -30,6 +30,21 @@ func (m *mockResolver) LookupNetIP(ctx context.Context, network, host string) ([
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+// mockPeerConnectivity returns canned (known, connected) results per IP.
+// Used by the disconnected-peer filter tests below. IPs not in the map
+// are reported as unknown so the filter leaves them alone.
+type mockPeerConnectivity struct {
+	byIP map[string]struct{ known, connected bool }
+}
+
+func (m mockPeerConnectivity) IsConnectedByIP(ip netip.Addr) (known, connected bool) {
+	v, ok := m.byIP[ip.String()]
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	return v.known, v.connected
+}
+
 func TestLocalResolver_ServeDNS(t *testing.T) {
 	recordA := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
 		Name:  "peera.netbird.cloud.",
@@ -2652,3 +2667,125 @@ func BenchmarkIsInManagedZone_ManyZones(b *testing.B) {
 		resolver.isInManagedZone(qname)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestLocalResolver_FilterDisconnectedPeerAnswers verifies the
+// connectivity-aware filtering layered on top of lookupRecords:
+// when an A record's IP belongs to a known peer that's disconnected,
+// the record is dropped from the answer. Records for unknown IPs pass
+// through. If filtering would empty the answer entirely and at least
+// one record was dropped, the original list is restored (escape hatch
+// for the "all proxies offline" case).
+func TestLocalResolver_FilterDisconnectedPeerAnswers(t *testing.T) {
+	zone := "svc.cluster.netbird."
+	connectedRec := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  zone,
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   5,
+		RData: "100.64.0.10",
+	}
+	disconnectedRec := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  zone,
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   5,
+		RData: "100.64.0.11",
+	}
+	unknownRec := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  zone,
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   5,
+		RData: "203.0.113.5",
+	}
+
+	type ipState struct{ known, connected bool }
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		records     []nbdns.SimpleRecord
+		connByIP    map[string]ipState
+		wantInOrder []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "drops disconnected peer, keeps connected",
+			records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{connectedRec, disconnectedRec},
+			connByIP: map[string]ipState{
+				"100.64.0.10": {known: true, connected: true},
+				"100.64.0.11": {known: true, connected: false},
+			},
+			wantInOrder: []string{"100.64.0.10"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "unknown IPs pass through untouched",
+			records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{unknownRec, disconnectedRec},
+			connByIP: map[string]ipState{
+				"100.64.0.11": {known: true, connected: false},
+			},
+			wantInOrder: []string{"203.0.113.5"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "all disconnected falls back to original list",
+			records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{disconnectedRec, connectedRec},
+			connByIP: map[string]ipState{
+				"100.64.0.10": {known: true, connected: false},
+				"100.64.0.11": {known: true, connected: false},
+			},
+			wantInOrder: []string{"100.64.0.11", "100.64.0.10"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "no checker wired returns all records",
+			records:     []nbdns.SimpleRecord{connectedRec, disconnectedRec},
+			connByIP:    nil,
+			wantInOrder: []string{"100.64.0.10", "100.64.0.11"},
+		},
+		{
+			// A single answer is never filtered: dropping it would only
+			// trigger the empty-answer escape hatch, so the fast path
+			// returns it untouched.
+			name:    "single disconnected answer passes through",
+			records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{disconnectedRec},
+			connByIP: map[string]ipState{
+				"100.64.0.11": {known: true, connected: false},
+			},
+			wantInOrder: []string{"100.64.0.11"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resolver := NewResolver()
+			if tc.connByIP != nil {
+				cm := mockPeerConnectivity{byIP: make(map[string]struct{ known, connected bool }, len(tc.connByIP))}
+				for ip, st := range tc.connByIP {
+					cm.byIP[ip] = struct{ known, connected bool }{st.known, st.connected}
+				}
+				resolver.SetPeerConnectivity(cm)
+			}
+			resolver.Update([]nbdns.CustomZone{{
+				Domain:           strings.TrimSuffix(zone, "."),
+				Records:          tc.records,
+				NonAuthoritative: true,
+			}})
+
+			var got *dns.Msg
+			writer := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+					got = m
+					return nil
+				},
+			}
+			req := new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(zone, dns.TypeA)
+			resolver.ServeDNS(writer, req)
+
+			require.NotNil(t, got, "resolver must produce a response")
+			require.Len(t, got.Answer, len(tc.wantInOrder),
+				"answer count must match expected: %v", tc.wantInOrder)
+			for i, want := range tc.wantInOrder {
+				a, ok := got.Answer[i].(*dns.A)
+				require.True(t, ok, "answer[%d] must be an A record", i)
+				assert.Equal(t, want, a.A.String(),
+					"answer[%d] expected %s got %s", i, want, a.A.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/local/warmup_test.go b/client/internal/dns/local/warmup_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e77aa963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/dns/local/warmup_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+)
+
+// recordingActivator records the addresses it was asked to warm and returns
+// immediately, so ServeDNS is not blocked by the test.
+type recordingActivator struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	called bool
+	addrs  []netip.Addr
+}
+
+func (r *recordingActivator) ActivatePeersByIP(_ context.Context, addrs []netip.Addr) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	r.called = true
+	r.addrs = append(r.addrs, addrs...)
+}
+
+func serveA(t *testing.T, resolver *Resolver, name string) *dns.Msg {
+	t.Helper()
+	var resp *dns.Msg
+	w := &test.MockResponseWriter{WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error { resp = m; return nil }}
+	resolver.ServeDNS(w, new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(name, dns.TypeA))
+	return resp
+}
+
+// serviceZone registers rec in a match-only (non-authoritative) zone, the shape
+// the synthesized private-service zones arrive in.
+func serviceZone(t *testing.T, resolver *Resolver, zone string, records ...nbdns.SimpleRecord) {
+	t.Helper()
+	resolver.Update([]nbdns.CustomZone{{
+		Domain:           zone,
+		Records:          records,
+		NonAuthoritative: true,
+	}})
+}
+
+func TestLocalResolver_WarmsLazyPeerOnResolve(t *testing.T) {
+	// Warm-up fires only for multi-record answers (the HA / round-robin shape of
+	// the synthesized private-service zones), so register two peer targets.
+	const name = "svc.proxy.netbird.cloud."
+	recs := []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		{Name: name, Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "100.64.0.7"},
+		{Name: name, Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "100.64.0.8"},
+	}
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+	serviceZone(t, resolver, "proxy.netbird.cloud", recs...)
+
+	act := &recordingActivator{}
+	resolver.SetPeerActivator(act)
+
+	resp := serveA(t, resolver, name)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp, "resolver must answer")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, resp.Answer, "answer must carry the A records")
+
+	act.mu.Lock()
+	defer act.mu.Unlock()
+	assert.True(t, act.called, "activator must be invoked for a multi-record service-zone answer")
+	assert.Contains(t, act.addrs, netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.7"), "activator must receive the first peer IP")
+	assert.Contains(t, act.addrs, netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.8"), "activator must receive the second peer IP")
+}
+
+func TestLocalResolver_NoWarmupForSingleRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	// A single-record answer does not trigger warm-up; the resolver only warms
+	// multi-record answers.
+	rec := nbdns.SimpleRecord{Name: "svc.proxy.netbird.cloud.", Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "100.64.0.7"}
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+	serviceZone(t, resolver, "proxy.netbird.cloud", rec)
+
+	act := &recordingActivator{}
+	resolver.SetPeerActivator(act)
+
+	resp := serveA(t, resolver, rec.Name)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp, "resolver must answer")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, resp.Answer, "answer must carry the A record")
+
+	act.mu.Lock()
+	defer act.mu.Unlock()
+	assert.False(t, act.called, "activator must not be invoked for a single-record answer")
+}
+
+func TestLocalResolver_NoActivatorNoWarmup(t *testing.T) {
+	// With no activator wired the resolver behaves exactly as before.
+	rec := nbdns.SimpleRecord{Name: "svc.proxy.netbird.cloud.", Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "100.64.0.7"}
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+	serviceZone(t, resolver, "proxy.netbird.cloud", rec)
+
+	resp := serveA(t, resolver, rec.Name)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp, "resolver must still answer without an activator")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, resp.Answer, "answer must carry the A record")
+}
+
+func TestLocalResolver_NoWarmupForMissingRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	// A query that resolves to nothing must not invoke the activator (no IPs).
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+	serviceZone(t, resolver, "proxy.netbird.cloud",
+		nbdns.SimpleRecord{Name: "svc.proxy.netbird.cloud.", Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "100.64.0.7"})
+
+	act := &recordingActivator{}
+	resolver.SetPeerActivator(act)
+
+	serveA(t, resolver, "absent.proxy.netbird.cloud.")
+
+	act.mu.Lock()
+	defer act.mu.Unlock()
+	assert.False(t, act.called, "activator must not be invoked when there is no answer")
+}
+
+func TestLocalResolver_NoWarmupInAuthoritativeZone(t *testing.T) {
+	// The account's peer zone is authoritative; resolving a peer's name there
+	// must not wake its lazy connection — warm-up is scoped to match-only
+	// (non-authoritative) zones such as the synthesized private-service zones.
+	// Use a multi-record answer so the authoritative-zone scoping is the only
+	// reason warm-up is skipped, not the single-record guard.
+	const name = "peer.netbird.cloud."
+	recs := []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		{Name: name, Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "100.64.0.9"},
+		{Name: name, Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "100.64.0.10"},
+	}
+	resolver := NewResolver()
+	resolver.Update([]nbdns.CustomZone{{
+		Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+		Records: recs,
+	}})
+
+	act := &recordingActivator{}
+	resolver.SetPeerActivator(act)
+
+	resp := serveA(t, resolver, name)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp, "resolver must answer")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, resp.Answer, "answer must carry the A records")
+
+	act.mu.Lock()
+	defer act.mu.Unlock()
+	assert.False(t, act.called, "activator must not be invoked for authoritative-zone answers")
+}
+
+func TestLazyWarmupTimeoutFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		value  string
+		envSet bool
+		want   time.Duration
+	}{
+		{name: "unset uses default", want: defaultLazyWarmupTimeout},
+		{name: "valid overrides", value: "5s", envSet: true, want: 5 * time.Second},
+		{name: "invalid falls back", value: "not-a-duration", envSet: true, want: defaultLazyWarmupTimeout},
+		{name: "negative falls back", value: "-1s", envSet: true, want: defaultLazyWarmupTimeout},
+		{name: "zero falls back", value: "0s", envSet: true, want: defaultLazyWarmupTimeout},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tt.envSet {
+				t.Setenv(envLazyWarmupTimeout, tt.value)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, lazyWarmupTimeoutFromEnv())
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, NewResolver().warmupTimeout, "constructor must resolve the timeout once")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractRecordAddr(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("A record yields unmapped v4", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// net.ParseIP returns the 16-byte v4-in-v6 form, the same shape
+		// miekg/dns stores after parsing an A record; the extracted address
+		// must compare equal to a plain v4 netip.Addr.
+		addr, ok := extractRecordAddr(&dns.A{A: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.7")})
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.True(t, addr.Is4())
+		assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.7"), addr)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("AAAA record yields v6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		addr, ok := extractRecordAddr(&dns.AAAA{AAAA: net.ParseIP("fd00::1")})
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"), addr)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("A record without address", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, ok := extractRecordAddr(&dns.A{})
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-address record", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, ok := extractRecordAddr(&dns.CNAME{Target: "target.netbird.cloud."})
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt.go b/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt.go
index 988e427fb..ddc8cf585 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt.go
@@ -51,13 +51,20 @@ type cachedRecord struct {
 }
 
 // Resolver caches critical NetBird infrastructure domains.
-// records, refreshing, mgmtDomain and serverDomains are all guarded by mutex.
+// records, refreshing, failedResolves, mgmtDomain and serverDomains are all
+// guarded by mutex.
 type Resolver struct {
 	records       map[dns.Question]*cachedRecord
 	mgmtDomain    *domain.Domain
 	serverDomains *dnsconfig.ServerDomains
 	mutex         sync.RWMutex
 
+	// failedResolves records the last failed initial resolve per domain so a
+	// domain that never resolves isn't retried on every server-domains update
+	// until refreshBackoff elapses. Entries are cleared on success and pruned
+	// to the current server-domains set.
+	failedResolves map[domain.Domain]time.Time
+
 	chain            ChainResolver
 	chainMaxPriority int
 	refreshGroup     singleflight.Group
@@ -76,9 +83,10 @@ type Resolver struct {
 // NewResolver creates a new management domains cache resolver.
 func NewResolver() *Resolver {
 	return &Resolver{
-		records:    make(map[dns.Question]*cachedRecord),
-		refreshing: make(map[dns.Question]*atomic.Bool),
-		cacheTTL:   resolveCacheTTL(),
+		records:        make(map[dns.Question]*cachedRecord),
+		refreshing:     make(map[dns.Question]*atomic.Bool),
+		failedResolves: make(map[domain.Domain]time.Time),
+		cacheTTL:       resolveCacheTTL(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -173,7 +181,9 @@ func (m *Resolver) continueToNext(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 
 // AddDomain resolves a domain and stores its A/AAAA records in the cache.
 // A family that resolves NODATA (nil err, zero records) evicts any stale
-// entry for that qtype.
+// entry for that qtype. When one family hard-errors while the other succeeds,
+// the resolved family is still cached but AddDomain returns an error so the
+// caller retries the incomplete resolve rather than treating it as complete.
 func (m *Resolver) AddDomain(ctx context.Context, d domain.Domain) error {
 	dnsName := strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(d.PunycodeString()))
 
@@ -203,6 +213,10 @@ func (m *Resolver) AddDomain(ctx context.Context, d domain.Domain) error {
 	log.Debugf("added/updated domain=%s with %d A records and %d AAAA records",
 		d.SafeString(), len(aRecords), len(aaaaRecords))
 
+	if errA != nil || errAAAA != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolve %s: incomplete, a family failed: %w", d.SafeString(), errors.Join(errA, errAAAA))
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -462,6 +476,7 @@ func (m *Resolver) RemoveDomain(d domain.Domain) error {
 	delete(m.records, qAAAA)
 	delete(m.refreshing, qA)
 	delete(m.refreshing, qAAAA)
+	delete(m.failedResolves, d)
 
 	log.Debugf("removed domain=%s from cache", d.SafeString())
 	return nil
@@ -505,6 +520,7 @@ func (m *Resolver) UpdateFromServerDomains(ctx context.Context, serverDomains dn
 		allDomains := m.extractDomainsFromServerDomains(updatedServerDomains)
 		currentDomains := m.GetCachedDomains()
 		removedDomains = m.removeStaleDomains(currentDomains, allDomains)
+		m.pruneFailedResolves(allDomains)
 	}
 
 	m.addNewDomains(ctx, newDomains)
@@ -577,13 +593,85 @@ func (m *Resolver) isManagementDomain(domain domain.Domain) bool {
 	return m.mgmtDomain != nil && domain == *m.mgmtDomain
 }
 
-// addNewDomains resolves and caches all domains from the update
+// addNewDomains resolves and caches domains that are not yet in the cache,
+// running the lookups concurrently. Domains already cached are skipped and left
+// to the stale-while-revalidate refresh path, so a sync never re-resolves them
+// synchronously: once NetBird owns the OS resolver the resolve runs through the
+// handler chain and would otherwise dial the managed upstreams under the engine
+// sync lock on every update.
 func (m *Resolver) addNewDomains(ctx context.Context, newDomains domain.List) {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	seen := make(map[domain.Domain]struct{}, len(newDomains))
 	for _, newDomain := range newDomains {
-		if err := m.AddDomain(ctx, newDomain); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to add/update domain=%s: %v", newDomain.SafeString(), err)
-		} else {
-			log.Debugf("added/updated management cache domain=%s", newDomain.SafeString())
+		if _, dup := seen[newDomain]; dup {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[newDomain] = struct{}{}
+
+		if !m.needsResolve(newDomain) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(d domain.Domain) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			if err := m.AddDomain(ctx, d); err != nil {
+				m.markResolveFailed(d)
+				log.Warnf("failed to add/update domain=%s: %v", d.SafeString(), err)
+				return
+			}
+			m.clearResolveFailed(d)
+			log.Debugf("added/updated management cache domain=%s", d.SafeString())
+		}(newDomain)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+// needsResolve reports whether d should be resolved now. A recent failed or
+// incomplete resolve gates retries on the backoff even when one family is
+// already cached, so a transiently-failed family is retried instead of being
+// treated as fully resolved. Otherwise a domain with any cached record is left
+// to the stale-while-revalidate refresh path.
+func (m *Resolver) needsResolve(d domain.Domain) bool {
+	dnsName := strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(d.PunycodeString()))
+
+	m.mutex.RLock()
+	defer m.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	if failedAt, ok := m.failedResolves[d]; ok {
+		return time.Since(failedAt) >= refreshBackoff
+	}
+
+	for _, qtype := range []uint16{dns.TypeA, dns.TypeAAAA} {
+		q := dns.Question{Name: dnsName, Qtype: qtype, Qclass: dns.ClassINET}
+		if _, ok := m.records[q]; ok {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (m *Resolver) markResolveFailed(d domain.Domain) {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	m.failedResolves[d] = time.Now()
+	m.mutex.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (m *Resolver) clearResolveFailed(d domain.Domain) {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	delete(m.failedResolves, d)
+	m.mutex.Unlock()
+}
+
+// pruneFailedResolves drops failure markers for domains no longer present in
+// the server-domains set, keeping the map bounded to the current set (a
+// failed-only domain has no cached record, so RemoveDomain never sees it).
+func (m *Resolver) pruneFailedResolves(domains domain.List) {
+	m.mutex.Lock()
+	defer m.mutex.Unlock()
+	for d := range m.failedResolves {
+		if !slices.Contains(domains, d) {
+			delete(m.failedResolves, d)
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt_refresh_test.go b/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt_refresh_test.go
index 9faa5a0b8..0e3e6ab36 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt_refresh_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt_refresh_test.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ type fakeChain struct {
 	mu       sync.Mutex
 	calls    map[string]int
 	answers  map[string][]dns.RR
+	qErr     map[string]error
 	err      error
 	hasRoot  bool
 	onLookup func()
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ func newFakeChain() *fakeChain {
 	return &fakeChain{
 		calls:   map[string]int{},
 		answers: map[string][]dns.RR{},
+		qErr:    map[string]error{},
 		hasRoot: true,
 	}
 }
@@ -47,6 +49,9 @@ func (f *fakeChain) ResolveInternal(ctx context.Context, msg *dns.Msg, maxPriori
 	f.calls[key]++
 	answers := f.answers[key]
 	err := f.err
+	if err == nil {
+		err = f.qErr[key]
+	}
 	onLookup := f.onLookup
 	f.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -75,6 +80,12 @@ func (f *fakeChain) setAnswer(name string, qtype uint16, ip string) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (f *fakeChain) setErr(name string, qtype uint16, err error) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.qErr[name+"|"+dns.TypeToString[qtype]] = err
+}
+
 func (f *fakeChain) callCount(name string, qtype uint16) int {
 	f.mu.Lock()
 	defer f.mu.Unlock()
@@ -213,6 +224,7 @@ func TestResolver_StaleTriggersAsyncRefresh(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestResolver_ConcurrentStaleHitsCollapseRefresh(t *testing.T) {
+	semaphore := make(chan struct{})
 	r := NewResolver()
 	chain := newFakeChain()
 	chain.setAnswer("mgmt.example.com.", dns.TypeA, "10.0.0.2")
@@ -228,7 +240,7 @@ func TestResolver_ConcurrentStaleHitsCollapseRefresh(t *testing.T) {
 				break
 			}
 		}
-		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond) // hold inflight long enough to collide
+		<-semaphore // block the call to force request collision
 	}
 
 	r.SetChainResolver(chain, 50)
@@ -244,17 +256,17 @@ func TestResolver_ConcurrentStaleHitsCollapseRefresh(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
+		wg.Go(func() {
 			queryA(t, r, "mgmt.example.com.")
-		}()
+		})
 	}
+
+	assert.Eventually(t, func() bool { return inflight.Load() >= 1 }, 2*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	close(semaphore)
 	wg.Wait()
 
-	waitFor(t, 2*time.Second, func() bool {
-		return inflight.Load() == 0
-	})
+	assert.Eventually(t, func() bool { return inflight.Load() == 0 }, 2*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
 
 	calls := chain.callCount("mgmt.example.com.", dns.TypeA)
 	assert.LessOrEqual(t, calls, 2, "singleflight must collapse concurrent refreshes (got %d)", calls)
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt_resolve_test.go b/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt_resolve_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cfbac8f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/dns/mgmt/mgmt_resolve_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package mgmt
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	dnsconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+)
+
+// A domain already in the cache must not be re-resolved on a subsequent server
+// domains update; it is left to the stale-while-revalidate refresh path.
+func TestResolver_UpdateFromServerDomains_SkipsCached(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewResolver()
+	chain := newFakeChain()
+	chain.setAnswer("signal.example.com.", dns.TypeA, "10.0.0.2")
+	r.SetChainResolver(chain, 50)
+
+	sd := dnsconfig.ServerDomains{Signal: domain.Domain("signal.example.com")}
+
+	_, err := r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), sd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, chain.callCount("signal.example.com.", dns.TypeA),
+		"first update must resolve the domain")
+
+	_, err = r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), sd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, chain.callCount("signal.example.com.", dns.TypeA),
+		"cached domain must not be re-resolved on a subsequent update")
+}
+
+// New domains in a single update must resolve concurrently rather than serially.
+func TestResolver_AddNewDomains_ResolvesConcurrently(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewResolver()
+	chain := newFakeChain()
+
+	var inflight, maxInflight atomic.Int32
+	chain.onLookup = func() {
+		n := inflight.Add(1)
+		for {
+			old := maxInflight.Load()
+			if n <= old || maxInflight.CompareAndSwap(old, n) {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+		inflight.Add(-1)
+	}
+
+	relays := []domain.Domain{"a.example.com", "b.example.com", "c.example.com", "d.example.com"}
+	for _, d := range relays {
+		chain.setAnswer(dns.Fqdn(string(d)), dns.TypeA, "10.0.0.2")
+	}
+	r.SetChainResolver(chain, 50)
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	_, err := r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), dnsconfig.ServerDomains{Relay: relays})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, int(maxInflight.Load()), 2, "domains must resolve concurrently")
+	// Serial resolution of 4 domains would take at least 4*50ms; concurrent is far less.
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, 300*time.Millisecond, "resolution should not be serial")
+}
+
+// A domain that fails to resolve must not be retried on every update; the
+// failure backoff suppresses re-resolution until it expires.
+func TestResolver_UpdateFromServerDomains_BacksOffFailures(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewResolver()
+	chain := newFakeChain()
+	chain.err = errors.New("resolve boom")
+	r.SetChainResolver(chain, 50)
+
+	sd := dnsconfig.ServerDomains{Signal: domain.Domain("signal.example.com")}
+
+	_, err := r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), sd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, chain.callCount("signal.example.com.", dns.TypeA),
+		"first update must attempt the resolve")
+
+	_, err = r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), sd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, chain.callCount("signal.example.com.", dns.TypeA),
+		"failed resolve must back off and not retry on the next update")
+}
+
+// A domain listed under more than one server-domain type (e.g. STUN and TURN on
+// the same host) must be resolved once per update, not once per occurrence.
+func TestResolver_AddNewDomains_DedupesDuplicateDomains(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewResolver()
+	chain := newFakeChain()
+	chain.setAnswer("dup.example.com.", dns.TypeA, "10.0.0.9")
+	r.SetChainResolver(chain, 50)
+
+	sd := dnsconfig.ServerDomains{
+		Stuns: []domain.Domain{"dup.example.com"},
+		Turns: []domain.Domain{"dup.example.com"},
+	}
+
+	_, err := r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), sd)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, chain.callCount("dup.example.com.", dns.TypeA),
+		"a domain appearing under multiple server-domain types must resolve once")
+}
+
+// A failure marker must be dropped once its domain leaves the server-domains set
+// so the map stays bounded to the current set.
+func TestResolver_UpdateFromServerDomains_PrunesFailedResolves(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewResolver()
+	chain := newFakeChain()
+	chain.err = errors.New("resolve boom")
+	r.SetChainResolver(chain, 50)
+
+	_, err := r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), dnsconfig.ServerDomains{Signal: domain.Domain("gone.example.com")})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	r.mutex.RLock()
+	_, marked := r.failedResolves[domain.Domain("gone.example.com")]
+	r.mutex.RUnlock()
+	require.True(t, marked, "failed resolve must be recorded")
+
+	_, err = r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), dnsconfig.ServerDomains{Signal: domain.Domain("other.example.com")})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	r.mutex.RLock()
+	_, stillMarked := r.failedResolves[domain.Domain("gone.example.com")]
+	r.mutex.RUnlock()
+	assert.False(t, stillMarked, "failure marker for a domain no longer in the set must be pruned")
+}
+
+// When one family hard-errors while the other resolves, the domain is cached
+// for the working family but recorded as incomplete so the failed family is
+// retried under backoff instead of being treated as fully resolved forever.
+func TestResolver_AddNewDomains_RetriesPartialFamilyFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	d := domain.Domain("relay.example.com")
+	r := NewResolver()
+	chain := newFakeChain()
+	chain.setAnswer("relay.example.com.", dns.TypeA, "10.0.0.2")
+	chain.setErr("relay.example.com.", dns.TypeAAAA, errors.New("servfail"))
+	r.SetChainResolver(chain, 50)
+
+	_, err := r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), dnsconfig.ServerDomains{Relay: []domain.Domain{d}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	r.mutex.RLock()
+	_, aCached := r.records[dns.Question{Name: "relay.example.com.", Qtype: dns.TypeA, Qclass: dns.ClassINET}]
+	_, marked := r.failedResolves[d]
+	r.mutex.RUnlock()
+	require.True(t, aCached, "the working family must still be cached")
+	require.True(t, marked, "a partial failure must be recorded so the failed family is retried")
+
+	assert.False(t, r.needsResolve(d), "within the backoff window the domain is not retried")
+
+	r.mutex.Lock()
+	r.failedResolves[d] = time.Now().Add(-2 * refreshBackoff)
+	r.mutex.Unlock()
+	assert.True(t, r.needsResolve(d), "after the backoff elapses the domain is retried to pick up the missing family")
+}
+
+// A family that returns NODATA (legitimately absent, e.g. an IPv4-only host) is
+// not a failure: the domain must not be marked for retry, otherwise it would be
+// re-resolved on every sync.
+func TestResolver_AddNewDomains_NodataIsNotFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	d := domain.Domain("v4only.example.com")
+	r := NewResolver()
+	chain := newFakeChain()
+	chain.setAnswer("v4only.example.com.", dns.TypeA, "10.0.0.2")
+	r.SetChainResolver(chain, 50)
+
+	_, err := r.UpdateFromServerDomains(context.Background(), dnsconfig.ServerDomains{Relay: []domain.Domain{d}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	r.mutex.RLock()
+	_, marked := r.failedResolves[d]
+	r.mutex.RUnlock()
+	assert.False(t, marked, "a NODATA family must not be recorded as a failure")
+	assert.False(t, r.needsResolve(d), "an IPv4-only host must not be re-resolved on later syncs")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/mock_server.go b/client/internal/dns/mock_server.go
index 548b1f54f..b19862c2f 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/mock_server.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/mock_server.go
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 
 	dnsconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/local"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
@@ -70,10 +72,6 @@ func (m *MockServer) SearchDomains() []string {
 	return make([]string, 0)
 }
 
-// ProbeAvailability mocks implementation of ProbeAvailability from the Server interface
-func (m *MockServer) ProbeAvailability() {
-}
-
 func (m *MockServer) UpdateServerConfig(domains dnsconfig.ServerDomains) error {
 	if m.UpdateServerConfigFunc != nil {
 		return m.UpdateServerConfigFunc(domains)
@@ -85,8 +83,8 @@ func (m *MockServer) PopulateManagementDomain(mgmtURL *url.URL) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// SetRouteChecker mock implementation of SetRouteChecker from Server interface
-func (m *MockServer) SetRouteChecker(func(netip.Addr) bool) {
+// SetRouteSources mock implementation of SetRouteSources from Server interface
+func (m *MockServer) SetRouteSources(selected, active func() route.HAMap) {
 	// Mock implementation - no-op
 }
 
@@ -95,6 +93,11 @@ func (m *MockServer) SetFirewall(Firewall) {
 	// Mock implementation - no-op
 }
 
+// SetPeerActivator mock implementation of SetPeerActivator from Server interface
+func (m *MockServer) SetPeerActivator(local.PeerActivator) {
+	// Mock implementation - no-op
+}
+
 // BeginBatch mock implementation of BeginBatch from Server interface
 func (m *MockServer) BeginBatch() {
 	// Mock implementation - no-op
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/network_manager_unix.go b/client/internal/dns/network_manager_unix.go
index e4ccc8cbd..3932e78b7 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/network_manager_unix.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/network_manager_unix.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -32,6 +33,15 @@ const (
 	networkManagerDbusDeviceGetAppliedConnectionMethod                              = networkManagerDbusDeviceInterface + ".GetAppliedConnection"
 	networkManagerDbusDeviceReapplyMethod                                           = networkManagerDbusDeviceInterface + ".Reapply"
 	networkManagerDbusDeviceDeleteMethod                                            = networkManagerDbusDeviceInterface + ".Delete"
+	networkManagerDbusDeviceIp4ConfigProperty                                       = networkManagerDbusDeviceInterface + ".Ip4Config"
+	networkManagerDbusDeviceIp6ConfigProperty                                       = networkManagerDbusDeviceInterface + ".Ip6Config"
+	networkManagerDbusDeviceIfaceProperty                                           = networkManagerDbusDeviceInterface + ".Interface"
+	networkManagerDbusGetDevicesMethod                                              = networkManagerDest + ".GetDevices"
+	networkManagerDbusIp4ConfigInterface                                            = "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.IP4Config"
+	networkManagerDbusIp6ConfigInterface                                            = "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.IP6Config"
+	networkManagerDbusIp4ConfigNameserverDataProperty                               = networkManagerDbusIp4ConfigInterface + ".NameserverData"
+	networkManagerDbusIp4ConfigNameserversProperty                                  = networkManagerDbusIp4ConfigInterface + ".Nameservers"
+	networkManagerDbusIp6ConfigNameserversProperty                                  = networkManagerDbusIp6ConfigInterface + ".Nameservers"
 	networkManagerDbusDefaultBehaviorFlag              networkManagerConfigBehavior = 0
 	networkManagerDbusIPv4Key                                                       = "ipv4"
 	networkManagerDbusIPv6Key                                                       = "ipv6"
@@ -51,9 +61,10 @@ var supportedNetworkManagerVersionConstraints = []string{
 }
 
 type networkManagerDbusConfigurator struct {
-	dbusLinkObject dbus.ObjectPath
-	routingAll     bool
-	ifaceName      string
+	dbusLinkObject  dbus.ObjectPath
+	routingAll      bool
+	ifaceName       string
+	origNameservers []netip.Addr
 }
 
 // the types below are based on dbus specification, each field is mapped to a dbus type
@@ -92,10 +103,200 @@ func newNetworkManagerDbusConfigurator(wgInterface string) (*networkManagerDbusC
 
 	log.Debugf("got network manager dbus Link Object: %s from net interface %s", s, wgInterface)
 
-	return &networkManagerDbusConfigurator{
+	c := &networkManagerDbusConfigurator{
 		dbusLinkObject: dbus.ObjectPath(s),
 		ifaceName:      wgInterface,
-	}, nil
+	}
+
+	origNameservers, err := c.captureOriginalNameservers()
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		log.Warnf("capture original nameservers from NetworkManager: %v", err)
+	case len(origNameservers) == 0:
+		log.Warnf("no original nameservers captured from non-WG NetworkManager devices; DNS fallback will be empty")
+	default:
+		log.Debugf("captured %d original nameservers from non-WG NetworkManager devices: %v", len(origNameservers), origNameservers)
+	}
+	c.origNameservers = origNameservers
+	return c, nil
+}
+
+// captureOriginalNameservers reads DNS servers from every NM device's
+// IP4Config / IP6Config except our WG device.
+func (n *networkManagerDbusConfigurator) captureOriginalNameservers() ([]netip.Addr, error) {
+	devices, err := networkManagerListDevices()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list devices: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	seen := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{})
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	for _, dev := range devices {
+		if dev == n.dbusLinkObject {
+			continue
+		}
+		ifaceName := readNetworkManagerDeviceInterface(dev)
+		for _, addr := range readNetworkManagerDeviceDNS(dev) {
+			addr = addr.Unmap()
+			if !addr.IsValid() || addr.IsUnspecified() {
+				continue
+			}
+			// IP6Config.Nameservers is a byte slice without zone info;
+			// reattach the device's interface name so a captured fe80::…
+			// stays routable.
+			if addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast() && ifaceName != "" {
+				addr = addr.WithZone(ifaceName)
+			}
+			if _, dup := seen[addr]; dup {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[addr] = struct{}{}
+			out = append(out, addr)
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func readNetworkManagerDeviceInterface(devicePath dbus.ObjectPath) string {
+	obj, closeConn, err := getDbusObject(networkManagerDest, devicePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	defer closeConn()
+	v, err := obj.GetProperty(networkManagerDbusDeviceIfaceProperty)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	s, _ := v.Value().(string)
+	return s
+}
+
+func networkManagerListDevices() ([]dbus.ObjectPath, error) {
+	obj, closeConn, err := getDbusObject(networkManagerDest, networkManagerDbusObjectNode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dbus NetworkManager: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer closeConn()
+	var devs []dbus.ObjectPath
+	if err := obj.Call(networkManagerDbusGetDevicesMethod, dbusDefaultFlag).Store(&devs); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return devs, nil
+}
+
+func readNetworkManagerDeviceDNS(devicePath dbus.ObjectPath) []netip.Addr {
+	obj, closeConn, err := getDbusObject(networkManagerDest, devicePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer closeConn()
+
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	if path := readNetworkManagerConfigPath(obj, networkManagerDbusDeviceIp4ConfigProperty); path != "" {
+		out = append(out, readIPv4ConfigDNS(path)...)
+	}
+	if path := readNetworkManagerConfigPath(obj, networkManagerDbusDeviceIp6ConfigProperty); path != "" {
+		out = append(out, readIPv6ConfigDNS(path)...)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func readNetworkManagerConfigPath(obj dbus.BusObject, property string) dbus.ObjectPath {
+	v, err := obj.GetProperty(property)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	path, ok := v.Value().(dbus.ObjectPath)
+	if !ok || path == "/" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+func readIPv4ConfigDNS(path dbus.ObjectPath) []netip.Addr {
+	obj, closeConn, err := getDbusObject(networkManagerDest, path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer closeConn()
+
+	// NameserverData (NM 1.13+) carries strings; older NMs only expose the
+	// legacy uint32 Nameservers property.
+	if out := readIPv4NameserverData(obj); len(out) > 0 {
+		return out
+	}
+	return readIPv4LegacyNameservers(obj)
+}
+
+func readIPv4NameserverData(obj dbus.BusObject) []netip.Addr {
+	v, err := obj.GetProperty(networkManagerDbusIp4ConfigNameserverDataProperty)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	entries, ok := v.Value().([]map[string]dbus.Variant)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		addrVar, ok := entry["address"]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		s, ok := addrVar.Value().(string)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if a, err := netip.ParseAddr(s); err == nil {
+			out = append(out, a)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func readIPv4LegacyNameservers(obj dbus.BusObject) []netip.Addr {
+	v, err := obj.GetProperty(networkManagerDbusIp4ConfigNameserversProperty)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	raw, ok := v.Value().([]uint32)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(raw))
+	for _, n := range raw {
+		var b [4]byte
+		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(b[:], n)
+		out = append(out, netip.AddrFrom4(b))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func readIPv6ConfigDNS(path dbus.ObjectPath) []netip.Addr {
+	obj, closeConn, err := getDbusObject(networkManagerDest, path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer closeConn()
+	v, err := obj.GetProperty(networkManagerDbusIp6ConfigNameserversProperty)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	raw, ok := v.Value().([][]byte)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(raw))
+	for _, b := range raw {
+		if a, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(b); ok {
+			out = append(out, a)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (n *networkManagerDbusConfigurator) getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr {
+	return slices.Clone(n.origNameservers)
 }
 
 func (n *networkManagerDbusConfigurator) supportCustomPort() bool {
@@ -110,8 +311,25 @@ func (n *networkManagerDbusConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, st
 
 	connSettings.cleanDeprecatedSettings()
 
-	convDNSIP := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(config.ServerIP.AsSlice())
-	connSettings[networkManagerDbusIPv4Key][networkManagerDbusDNSKey] = dbus.MakeVariant([]uint32{convDNSIP})
+	ipKey := networkManagerDbusIPv4Key
+	staleKey := networkManagerDbusIPv6Key
+	if config.ServerIP.Is6() {
+		ipKey = networkManagerDbusIPv6Key
+		staleKey = networkManagerDbusIPv4Key
+		raw := config.ServerIP.As16()
+		connSettings[ipKey][networkManagerDbusDNSKey] = dbus.MakeVariant([][]byte{raw[:]})
+	} else {
+		convDNSIP := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(config.ServerIP.AsSlice())
+		connSettings[ipKey][networkManagerDbusDNSKey] = dbus.MakeVariant([]uint32{convDNSIP})
+	}
+
+	// Clear stale DNS settings from the opposite address family to avoid
+	// leftover entries if the server IP family changed.
+	if staleSettings, ok := connSettings[staleKey]; ok {
+		delete(staleSettings, networkManagerDbusDNSKey)
+		delete(staleSettings, networkManagerDbusDNSPriorityKey)
+		delete(staleSettings, networkManagerDbusDNSSearchKey)
+	}
 	var (
 		searchDomains []string
 		matchDomains  []string
@@ -146,8 +364,8 @@ func (n *networkManagerDbusConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, st
 		n.routingAll = false
 	}
 
-	connSettings[networkManagerDbusIPv4Key][networkManagerDbusDNSPriorityKey] = dbus.MakeVariant(priority)
-	connSettings[networkManagerDbusIPv4Key][networkManagerDbusDNSSearchKey] = dbus.MakeVariant(newDomainList)
+	connSettings[ipKey][networkManagerDbusDNSPriorityKey] = dbus.MakeVariant(priority)
+	connSettings[ipKey][networkManagerDbusDNSSearchKey] = dbus.MakeVariant(newDomainList)
 
 	state := &ShutdownState{
 		ManagerType: networkManager,
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/notifier.go b/client/internal/dns/notifier.go
index 35cb6ff82..79d924a78 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/notifier.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/notifier.go
@@ -51,7 +51,5 @@ func (n *notifier) notify() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	go func(l listener.NetworkChangeListener) {
-		l.OnNetworkChanged("")
-	}(n.listener)
+	n.listener.OnNetworkChanged("")
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/response_writer_test.go b/client/internal/dns/response_writer_test.go
index 857964406..bc8416029 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/response_writer_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/response_writer_test.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/resutil/resolve.go b/client/internal/dns/resutil/resolve.go
index 5a3744719..931938755 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/resutil/resolve.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/resutil/resolve.go
@@ -8,12 +8,17 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
+// errNoSuitableAddress mirrors the unexported error string the net package
+// uses when a resolved host has no addresses of the requested family.
+const errNoSuitableAddress = "no suitable address found"
+
 // GenerateRequestID creates a random 8-character hex string for request tracing.
 func GenerateRequestID() string {
 	bytes := make([]byte, 4)
@@ -126,6 +131,14 @@ func LookupIP(ctx context.Context, r resolver, network, host string, qtype uint1
 }
 
 func getRcodeForError(ctx context.Context, r resolver, host string, qtype uint16, err error) int {
+	// The net package returns this AddrError when the host resolves but has
+	// no addresses of the requested family. The domain exists, so answer
+	// NODATA instead of SERVFAIL.
+	var addrErr *net.AddrError
+	if errors.As(err, &addrErr) && addrErr.Err == errNoSuitableAddress {
+		return dns.RcodeSuccess
+	}
+
 	var dnsErr *net.DNSError
 	if !errors.As(err, &dnsErr) {
 		return dns.RcodeServerFailure
@@ -155,7 +168,10 @@ func getRcodeForNotFound(ctx context.Context, r resolver, domain string, origina
 	case dns.TypeA:
 		alternativeNetwork = "ip6"
 	default:
-		return dns.RcodeNameError
+		// Non-address types reach LookupIP only unexpectedly; without an
+		// address pair to probe we cannot prove the name is absent, so answer
+		// NODATA rather than a poisoning NXDOMAIN.
+		return dns.RcodeSuccess
 	}
 
 	if _, err := r.LookupNetIP(ctx, alternativeNetwork, domain); err != nil {
@@ -172,6 +188,230 @@ func getRcodeForNotFound(ctx context.Context, r resolver, domain string, origina
 	return dns.RcodeSuccess
 }
 
+// RecordResolver is the host resolver surface used to forward non-address
+// record queries. net.DefaultResolver satisfies it.
+type RecordResolver interface {
+	LookupMX(ctx context.Context, name string) ([]*net.MX, error)
+	LookupTXT(ctx context.Context, name string) ([]string, error)
+	LookupNS(ctx context.Context, name string) ([]*net.NS, error)
+	LookupSRV(ctx context.Context, service, proto, name string) (string, []*net.SRV, error)
+	LookupCNAME(ctx context.Context, host string) (string, error)
+	LookupAddr(ctx context.Context, addr string) ([]string, error)
+}
+
+// LookupRecords resolves a non-address DNS record type through the host
+// resolver and returns the resource records and the DNS rcode. Types the host
+// resolver cannot answer (anything not covered by the net.Resolver Lookup*
+// methods) yield NODATA so that a routed name is never poisoned with NXDOMAIN
+// for an unsupported type.
+func LookupRecords(ctx context.Context, r RecordResolver, name string, qtype uint16, ttl uint32) ([]dns.RR, int) {
+	fqdn := dns.Fqdn(name)
+
+	switch qtype {
+	case dns.TypeMX:
+		return lookupMX(ctx, r, name, fqdn, ttl)
+	case dns.TypeTXT:
+		return lookupTXT(ctx, r, name, fqdn, ttl)
+	case dns.TypeNS:
+		return lookupNS(ctx, r, name, fqdn, ttl)
+	case dns.TypeSRV:
+		return lookupSRV(ctx, r, name, fqdn, ttl)
+	case dns.TypeCNAME:
+		return lookupCNAME(ctx, r, name, fqdn, ttl)
+	case dns.TypePTR:
+		return lookupPTR(ctx, r, name, fqdn, ttl)
+	default:
+		return nil, dns.RcodeSuccess
+	}
+}
+
+func recordHeader(fqdn string, rrtype uint16, ttl uint32) dns.RR_Header {
+	return dns.RR_Header{Name: fqdn, Rrtype: rrtype, Class: dns.ClassINET, Ttl: ttl}
+}
+
+func lookupMX(ctx context.Context, r RecordResolver, name, fqdn string, ttl uint32) ([]dns.RR, int) {
+	recs, err := r.LookupMX(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, rcodeForRecordError(err)
+	}
+	rrs := make([]dns.RR, 0, len(recs))
+	for _, mx := range recs {
+		rrs = append(rrs, &dns.MX{
+			Hdr:        recordHeader(fqdn, dns.TypeMX, ttl),
+			Preference: mx.Pref,
+			Mx:         dns.Fqdn(mx.Host),
+		})
+	}
+	return rrs, dns.RcodeSuccess
+}
+
+func lookupTXT(ctx context.Context, r RecordResolver, name, fqdn string, ttl uint32) ([]dns.RR, int) {
+	recs, err := r.LookupTXT(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, rcodeForRecordError(err)
+	}
+	rrs := make([]dns.RR, 0, len(recs))
+	for _, txt := range recs {
+		rrs = append(rrs, &dns.TXT{
+			Hdr: recordHeader(fqdn, dns.TypeTXT, ttl),
+			Txt: chunkTXT(txt),
+		})
+	}
+	return rrs, dns.RcodeSuccess
+}
+
+func lookupNS(ctx context.Context, r RecordResolver, name, fqdn string, ttl uint32) ([]dns.RR, int) {
+	recs, err := r.LookupNS(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, rcodeForRecordError(err)
+	}
+	rrs := make([]dns.RR, 0, len(recs))
+	for _, ns := range recs {
+		rrs = append(rrs, &dns.NS{
+			Hdr: recordHeader(fqdn, dns.TypeNS, ttl),
+			Ns:  dns.Fqdn(ns.Host),
+		})
+	}
+	return rrs, dns.RcodeSuccess
+}
+
+func lookupSRV(ctx context.Context, r RecordResolver, name, fqdn string, ttl uint32) ([]dns.RR, int) {
+	_, recs, err := r.LookupSRV(ctx, "", "", name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, rcodeForRecordError(err)
+	}
+	rrs := make([]dns.RR, 0, len(recs))
+	for _, srv := range recs {
+		rrs = append(rrs, &dns.SRV{
+			Hdr:      recordHeader(fqdn, dns.TypeSRV, ttl),
+			Priority: srv.Priority,
+			Weight:   srv.Weight,
+			Port:     srv.Port,
+			Target:   dns.Fqdn(srv.Target),
+		})
+	}
+	return rrs, dns.RcodeSuccess
+}
+
+func lookupCNAME(ctx context.Context, r RecordResolver, name, fqdn string, ttl uint32) ([]dns.RR, int) {
+	cname, err := r.LookupCNAME(ctx, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, rcodeForRecordError(err)
+	}
+	// LookupCNAME returns the queried name itself when the name resolves but
+	// has no CNAME record; that is a NODATA result, not a CNAME.
+	if strings.EqualFold(dns.Fqdn(cname), fqdn) {
+		return nil, dns.RcodeSuccess
+	}
+	return []dns.RR{&dns.CNAME{
+		Hdr:    recordHeader(fqdn, dns.TypeCNAME, ttl),
+		Target: dns.Fqdn(cname),
+	}}, dns.RcodeSuccess
+}
+
+func lookupPTR(ctx context.Context, r RecordResolver, name, fqdn string, ttl uint32) ([]dns.RR, int) {
+	addr, ok := ptrQueryAddr(name)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, dns.RcodeSuccess
+	}
+	names, err := r.LookupAddr(ctx, addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, rcodeForRecordError(err)
+	}
+	rrs := make([]dns.RR, 0, len(names))
+	for _, n := range names {
+		rrs = append(rrs, &dns.PTR{
+			Hdr: recordHeader(fqdn, dns.TypePTR, ttl),
+			Ptr: dns.Fqdn(n),
+		})
+	}
+	return rrs, dns.RcodeSuccess
+}
+
+// ptrQueryAddr converts a reverse-DNS query name (in-addr.arpa or ip6.arpa)
+// into the address string expected by net.Resolver.LookupAddr. It reports false
+// when the name is not a well-formed reverse name.
+func ptrQueryAddr(qname string) (string, bool) {
+	name := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.ToLower(dns.Fqdn(qname)), ".")
+
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasSuffix(name, ".in-addr.arpa"):
+		return parseInAddrArpa(strings.TrimSuffix(name, ".in-addr.arpa"))
+	case strings.HasSuffix(name, ".ip6.arpa"):
+		return parseIP6Arpa(strings.TrimSuffix(name, ".ip6.arpa"))
+	default:
+		return "", false
+	}
+}
+
+// parseInAddrArpa turns the label portion of an in-addr.arpa name into an IPv4
+// address string, reporting false when it is not a well-formed reverse name.
+func parseInAddrArpa(labelPart string) (string, bool) {
+	labels := strings.Split(labelPart, ".")
+	if len(labels) != 4 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	slices.Reverse(labels)
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(strings.Join(labels, "."))
+	if err != nil || !addr.Is4() {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return addr.String(), true
+}
+
+// parseIP6Arpa turns the nibble portion of an ip6.arpa name into an IPv6
+// address string, reporting false when it is not a well-formed reverse name.
+func parseIP6Arpa(nibblePart string) (string, bool) {
+	nibbles := strings.Split(nibblePart, ".")
+	if len(nibbles) != 32 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	slices.Reverse(nibbles)
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	for i, n := range nibbles {
+		if i > 0 && i%4 == 0 {
+			sb.WriteByte(':')
+		}
+		sb.WriteString(n)
+	}
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(sb.String())
+	if err != nil || !addr.Is6() {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return addr.String(), true
+}
+
+// rcodeForRecordError maps a non-address lookup error to a DNS rcode. A
+// not-found result becomes NODATA rather than NXDOMAIN: net.DNSError.IsNotFound
+// does not distinguish a missing name from a name that exists only with records
+// of other types, so the name cannot be proven absent and must not be poisoned.
+func rcodeForRecordError(err error) int {
+	var dnsErr *net.DNSError
+	if errors.As(err, &dnsErr) && dnsErr.IsNotFound {
+		return dns.RcodeSuccess
+	}
+	return dns.RcodeServerFailure
+}
+
+// chunkTXT splits a TXT string into character-strings no longer than 255 bytes
+// so the record can be packed. The chunks form one TXT resource record.
+func chunkTXT(s string) []string {
+	const maxLen = 255
+	if len(s) <= maxLen {
+		return []string{s}
+	}
+
+	var chunks []string
+	for len(s) > maxLen {
+		chunks = append(chunks, s[:maxLen])
+		s = s[maxLen:]
+	}
+	if len(s) > 0 {
+		chunks = append(chunks, s)
+	}
+	return chunks
+}
+
 // FormatAnswers formats DNS resource records for logging.
 func FormatAnswers(answers []dns.RR) string {
 	if len(answers) == 0 {
@@ -195,3 +435,35 @@ func FormatAnswers(answers []dns.RR) string {
 	}
 	return "[" + strings.Join(parts, ", ") + "]"
 }
+
+// StripOPT removes any OPT pseudo-RRs from the message's Extra section. Per
+// RFC 6891 a responder must not include an OPT RR toward a client that did not
+// advertise EDNS0.
+func StripOPT(msg *dns.Msg) {
+	if len(msg.Extra) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	out := msg.Extra[:0]
+	for _, rr := range msg.Extra {
+		if _, ok := rr.(*dns.OPT); ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, rr)
+	}
+	msg.Extra = out
+}
+
+// ExtractEDE returns the first Extended DNS Error (RFC 8914) option carried in
+// the message, if present.
+func ExtractEDE(msg *dns.Msg) (*dns.EDNS0_EDE, bool) {
+	opt := msg.IsEdns0()
+	if opt == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	for _, o := range opt.Option {
+		if ede, ok := o.(*dns.EDNS0_EDE); ok {
+			return ede, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/resutil/resolve_test.go b/client/internal/dns/resutil/resolve_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f51092a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/dns/resutil/resolve_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+package resutil
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type mockResolver struct {
+	// results maps network ("ip4"/"ip6") to the lookup outcome.
+	results map[string]mockLookup
+}
+
+type mockLookup struct {
+	ips []netip.Addr
+	err error
+}
+
+func (m *mockResolver) LookupNetIP(_ context.Context, network, _ string) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
+	res, ok := m.results[network]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.New("unexpected network: " + network)
+	}
+	return res.ips, res.err
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {ips: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("::ffff:192.0.2.1")}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, result.Rcode, "successful lookup should return NOERROR")
+	require.Len(t, result.IPs, 1, "should return the resolved address")
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"), result.IPs[0], "v4-mapped address should be unmapped")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_NoSuitableAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	// The net package returns this AddrError when the host resolves but has
+	// no addresses of the requested family (e.g. AAAA query for a v4-only
+	// hosts file entry). The domain exists, so this is NODATA, not SERVFAIL.
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip6": {err: &net.AddrError{Err: "no suitable address found", Addr: "example.com."}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip6", "example.com.", dns.TypeAAAA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, result.Rcode, "no suitable address should map to NODATA")
+	assert.Empty(t, result.IPs, "NODATA response should carry no addresses")
+}
+
+// TestErrNoSuitableAddressMatchesNetPackage pins our copy of the error string
+// to what the net package actually emits. A literal IP of the wrong family
+// takes the same filterAddrList path as a resolved hostname, without network
+// access.
+func TestErrNoSuitableAddressMatchesNetPackage(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := (&net.Resolver{}).LookupNetIP(context.Background(), "ip6", "192.0.2.1")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	var addrErr *net.AddrError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &addrErr, "wrong-family lookup should return AddrError")
+	assert.Equal(t, errNoSuitableAddress, addrErr.Err, "net package error string should match our constant")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_OtherAddrError(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {err: &net.AddrError{Err: "some other address problem", Addr: "example.com."}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, result.Rcode, "unrecognized AddrError should map to SERVFAIL")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_NotFoundNXDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {err: &net.DNSError{Err: "no such host", Name: "example.com.", IsNotFound: true}},
+		"ip6": {err: &net.DNSError{Err: "no such host", Name: "example.com.", IsNotFound: true}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeNameError, result.Rcode, "not found for both families should map to NXDOMAIN")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_NotFoundNoData(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip6": {err: &net.DNSError{Err: "no such host", Name: "example.com.", IsNotFound: true}},
+		"ip4": {ips: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1")}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip6", "example.com.", dns.TypeAAAA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, result.Rcode, "not found with the other family present should map to NODATA")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_GenericError(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {err: errors.New("connection refused")},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, result.Rcode, "generic error should map to SERVFAIL")
+}
+
+func TestLookupIP_DNSErrorNotIsNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &mockResolver{results: map[string]mockLookup{
+		"ip4": {err: &net.DNSError{Err: "server misbehaving", Name: "example.com.", IsTemporary: true}},
+	}}
+
+	result := LookupIP(context.Background(), r, "ip4", "example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, result.Rcode, "upstream failure should map to SERVFAIL")
+}
+
+func TestPtrQueryAddr(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		qname  string
+		want   string
+		wantOK bool
+	}{
+		{name: "ipv4", qname: "4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa.", want: "1.2.3.4", wantOK: true},
+		{name: "ipv4 no trailing dot", qname: "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa", want: "127.0.0.1", wantOK: true},
+		{
+			name:   "ipv6",
+			qname:  "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.",
+			want:   "2001:db8::1",
+			wantOK: true,
+		},
+		{name: "ipv4 wrong label count", qname: "2.1.in-addr.arpa.", wantOK: false},
+		{name: "ipv6 wrong nibble count", qname: "1.0.ip6.arpa.", wantOK: false},
+		{name: "not a reverse name", qname: "example.com.", wantOK: false},
+		{name: "ipv4 bad octet", qname: "4.3.2.999.in-addr.arpa.", wantOK: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, ok := ptrQueryAddr(tt.qname)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantOK, ok, "parse success mismatch")
+			if tt.wantOK {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got, "parsed address mismatch")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+type mockRecordResolver struct {
+	mx    []*net.MX
+	txt   []string
+	ns    []*net.NS
+	srv   []*net.SRV
+	cname string
+	ptr   []string
+	err   error
+}
+
+func (m *mockRecordResolver) LookupMX(context.Context, string) ([]*net.MX, error) {
+	return m.mx, m.err
+}
+func (m *mockRecordResolver) LookupTXT(context.Context, string) ([]string, error) {
+	return m.txt, m.err
+}
+func (m *mockRecordResolver) LookupNS(context.Context, string) ([]*net.NS, error) {
+	return m.ns, m.err
+}
+func (m *mockRecordResolver) LookupSRV(context.Context, string, string, string) (string, []*net.SRV, error) {
+	return "", m.srv, m.err
+}
+func (m *mockRecordResolver) LookupCNAME(context.Context, string) (string, error) {
+	return m.cname, m.err
+}
+func (m *mockRecordResolver) LookupAddr(context.Context, string) ([]string, error) {
+	return m.ptr, m.err
+}
+
+func TestLookupRecords(t *testing.T) {
+	notFound := &net.DNSError{IsNotFound: true, Name: "example.com."}
+
+	t.Run("MX success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{mx: []*net.MX{{Host: "mail.example.com.", Pref: 10}}}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "example.com.", dns.TypeMX, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		require.Len(t, rrs, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "mail.example.com.", rrs[0].(*dns.MX).Mx)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("TXT short string is one character-string", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{txt: []string{"v=spf1 -all"}}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "example.com.", dns.TypeTXT, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		require.Len(t, rrs, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"v=spf1 -all"}, rrs[0].(*dns.TXT).Txt)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("TXT chunks long strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		long := strings.Repeat("a", 300)
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{txt: []string{long}}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "example.com.", dns.TypeTXT, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		require.Len(t, rrs, 1)
+		txt := rrs[0].(*dns.TXT).Txt
+		require.Len(t, txt, 2, "300-byte string should split into two character-strings")
+		assert.Equal(t, 255, len(txt[0]))
+		assert.Equal(t, 45, len(txt[1]))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("NS success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{ns: []*net.NS{{Host: "ns1.example.com."}}}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "example.com.", dns.TypeNS, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		require.Len(t, rrs, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "ns1.example.com.", rrs[0].(*dns.NS).Ns)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SRV success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{srv: []*net.SRV{{Target: "sip.example.com.", Port: 5060}}}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "_sip._tcp.example.com.", dns.TypeSRV, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		require.Len(t, rrs, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint16(5060), rrs[0].(*dns.SRV).Port)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("CNAME success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{cname: "target.example.com."}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "www.example.com.", dns.TypeCNAME, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		require.Len(t, rrs, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "target.example.com.", rrs[0].(*dns.CNAME).Target)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("CNAME equal to name is NODATA", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{cname: "example.com."}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "example.com.", dns.TypeCNAME, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		assert.Empty(t, rrs, "self-referential CNAME is NODATA")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("PTR success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{ptr: []string{"host.example.com."}}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa.", dns.TypePTR, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		require.Len(t, rrs, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "host.example.com.", rrs[0].(*dns.PTR).Ptr)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("PTR malformed name is NODATA", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "example.com.", dns.TypePTR, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		assert.Empty(t, rrs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not found is NODATA never NXDOMAIN", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{err: notFound}
+		_, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "example.com.", dns.TypeMX, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode, "missing record must not poison the name")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("server failure maps to SERVFAIL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{err: &net.DNSError{Err: "server misbehaving", IsTemporary: true}}
+		_, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "example.com.", dns.TypeMX, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, rcode)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported type is NODATA", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &mockRecordResolver{}
+		rrs, rcode := LookupRecords(context.Background(), r, "example.com.", dns.TypeCAA, 300)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, rcode)
+		assert.Empty(t, rrs)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStripOPT(t *testing.T) {
+	rm := &dns.Msg{
+		Extra: []dns.RR{
+			&dns.OPT{Hdr: dns.RR_Header{Name: ".", Rrtype: dns.TypeOPT}},
+			&dns.A{Hdr: dns.RR_Header{Name: "x.", Rrtype: dns.TypeA}, A: net.IPv4(1, 2, 3, 4)},
+		},
+	}
+	StripOPT(rm)
+	assert.Len(t, rm.Extra, 1, "OPT should be removed, A kept")
+	_, isOPT := rm.Extra[0].(*dns.OPT)
+	assert.False(t, isOPT, "remaining record must not be OPT")
+}
+
+func TestExtractEDE(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("no edns", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, ok := ExtractEDE(&dns.Msg{})
+		assert.False(t, ok, "message without OPT has no EDE")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("edns without ede", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rm := &dns.Msg{}
+		rm.SetEdns0(4096, false)
+		_, ok := ExtractEDE(rm)
+		assert.False(t, ok, "OPT without EDE option returns false")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("with ede", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rm := &dns.Msg{}
+		opt := &dns.OPT{Hdr: dns.RR_Header{Name: ".", Rrtype: dns.TypeOPT}}
+		opt.Option = append(opt.Option, &dns.EDNS0_EDE{InfoCode: 49152, ExtraText: "upstream timeout"})
+		rm.Extra = append(rm.Extra, opt)
+
+		ede, ok := ExtractEDE(rm)
+		assert.True(t, ok, "EDE option should be found")
+		assert.Equal(t, uint16(49152), ede.InfoCode)
+		assert.Equal(t, "upstream timeout", ede.ExtraText)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/server.go b/client/internal/dns/server.go
index d4f54dec5..3af912792 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/server.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/server.go
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
-	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	"github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2"
@@ -25,11 +25,35 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
-const envSkipDNSProbe = "NB_SKIP_DNS_PROBE"
+const (
+	// healthLookback must exceed the upstream query timeout so one
+	// query per refresh cycle is enough to keep a group marked healthy.
+	healthLookback               = 60 * time.Second
+	nsGroupHealthRefreshInterval = 10 * time.Second
+	// defaultWarningDelayBase is the starting grace window before a
+	// "Nameserver group unreachable" event fires for a group that's
+	// never been healthy and only has overlay upstreams with no
+	// Connected peer. Per-server and overridable via envWarningDelay;
+	// see warningDelay.
+	defaultWarningDelayBase = 60 * time.Second
+	// warningDelayBonusCap caps the route-count bonus added to the
+	// base grace window. See warningDelay.
+	warningDelayBonusCap = 30 * time.Second
+	// envWarningDelay overrides defaultWarningDelayBase with a Go duration
+	// string (e.g. "90s", "2m"). Invalid or non-positive values are ignored.
+	envWarningDelay = "NB_DNS_HEALTH_WARNING_DELAY"
+)
+
+// errNoUsableNameservers signals that a merged-domain group has no usable
+// upstream servers. Callers should skip the group without treating it as a
+// build failure.
+var errNoUsableNameservers = errors.New("no usable nameservers")
 
 // ReadyListener is a notification mechanism what indicate the server is ready to handle host dns address changes
 type ReadyListener interface {
@@ -54,11 +78,11 @@ type Server interface {
 	UpdateDNSServer(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error
 	OnUpdatedHostDNSServer(addrs []netip.AddrPort)
 	SearchDomains() []string
-	ProbeAvailability()
 	UpdateServerConfig(domains dnsconfig.ServerDomains) error
 	PopulateManagementDomain(mgmtURL *url.URL) error
-	SetRouteChecker(func(netip.Addr) bool)
+	SetRouteSources(selected, active func() route.HAMap)
 	SetFirewall(Firewall)
+	SetPeerActivator(local.PeerActivator)
 }
 
 type nsGroupsByDomain struct {
@@ -66,12 +90,47 @@ type nsGroupsByDomain struct {
 	groups []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
 }
 
-// hostManagerWithOriginalNS extends the basic hostManager interface
-type hostManagerWithOriginalNS interface {
-	hostManager
-	getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr
+// nsGroupID identifies a nameserver group by the tuple (server list, domain
+// list) so config updates produce stable IDs across recomputations.
+type nsGroupID string
+
+// nsHealthSnapshot is the input to projectNSGroupHealth, captured under
+// s.mux so projection runs lock-free.
+type nsHealthSnapshot struct {
+	groups   []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
+	merged   map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth
+	selected route.HAMap
+	active   route.HAMap
 }
 
+// nsGroupProj holds per-group state for the emission rules.
+type nsGroupProj struct {
+	// unhealthySince is the start of the current Unhealthy streak,
+	// zero when the group is not currently Unhealthy.
+	unhealthySince time.Time
+	// everHealthy is sticky: once the group has been Healthy at least
+	// once this session, subsequent failures skip warningDelay.
+	everHealthy bool
+	// warningActive tracks whether we've already published a warning
+	// for the current streak, so recovery emits iff a warning did.
+	warningActive bool
+}
+
+// nsGroupVerdict is the outcome of evaluateNSGroupHealth.
+type nsGroupVerdict int
+
+const (
+	// nsVerdictUndecided means no upstream has a fresh observation
+	// (startup before first query, or records aged past healthLookback).
+	nsVerdictUndecided nsGroupVerdict = iota
+	// nsVerdictHealthy means at least one upstream's most-recent
+	// in-lookback observation is a success.
+	nsVerdictHealthy
+	// nsVerdictUnhealthy means at least one upstream has a recent
+	// failure and none has a fresher success.
+	nsVerdictUnhealthy
+)
+
 // DefaultServer dns server object
 type DefaultServer struct {
 	ctx        context.Context
@@ -82,7 +141,7 @@ type DefaultServer struct {
 	disableSys         bool
 	mux                sync.Mutex
 	service            service
-	dnsMuxMap          registeredHandlerMap
+	dnsMuxHandlers     []handlerWrapper
 	localResolver      *local.Resolver
 	wgInterface        WGIface
 	hostManager        hostManager
@@ -100,34 +159,52 @@ type DefaultServer struct {
 	permanent      bool
 	hostsDNSHolder *hostsDNSHolder
 
+	// fallbackHandler is the upstream resolver currently registered at
+	// PriorityFallback. Tracked so registerFallback can Stop() the previous
+	// instance instead of leaking its context.
+	fallbackHandler handlerWithStop
+
 	// make sense on mobile only
 	searchDomainNotifier *notifier
 	iosDnsManager        IosDnsManager
 
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 	stateManager   *statemanager.Manager
-	routeMatch     func(netip.Addr) bool
+	// selectedRoutes returns admin-enabled client routes.
+	selectedRoutes func() route.HAMap
+	// activeRoutes returns the subset whose peer is in StatusConnected.
+	activeRoutes func() route.HAMap
 
-	probeMu     sync.Mutex
-	probeCancel context.CancelFunc
-	probeWg     sync.WaitGroup
+	nsGroups        []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
+	healthProjectMu sync.Mutex
+	// nsGroupProj is the per-group state used by the emission rules.
+	// Accessed only under healthProjectMu.
+	nsGroupProj map[nsGroupID]*nsGroupProj
+	// warningDelayBase is the base grace window for health projection.
+	// Set at construction, mutated only by tests. Read by the
+	// refresher goroutine so never change it while one is running.
+	warningDelayBase time.Duration
+	// healthRefresh is buffered=1; writers coalesce, senders never block.
+	// See refreshHealth for the lock-order rationale.
+	healthRefresh chan struct{}
 }
 
 type handlerWithStop interface {
 	dns.Handler
 	Stop()
-	ProbeAvailability(context.Context)
 	ID() types.HandlerID
 }
 
+type upstreamHealthReporter interface {
+	UpstreamHealth() map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth
+}
+
 type handlerWrapper struct {
 	domain   string
 	handler  handlerWithStop
 	priority int
 }
 
-type registeredHandlerMap map[types.HandlerID]handlerWrapper
-
 // DefaultServerConfig holds configuration parameters for NewDefaultServer
 type DefaultServerConfig struct {
 	WgInterface    WGIface
@@ -174,29 +251,24 @@ func NewDefaultServerPermanentUpstream(
 
 	ds.hostsDNSHolder.set(hostsDnsList)
 	ds.permanent = true
-	ds.addHostRootZone()
 	ds.currentConfig = dnsConfigToHostDNSConfig(config, ds.service.RuntimeIP(), ds.service.RuntimePort())
-	ds.searchDomainNotifier = newNotifier(ds.SearchDomains())
+	ds.searchDomainNotifier = newNotifier(ds.searchDomains())
 	ds.searchDomainNotifier.setListener(listener)
 	setServerDns(ds)
 	return ds
 }
 
-// NewDefaultServerIos returns a new dns server. It optimized for ios
+// NewDefaultServerIos returns a new dns server. It optimized for ios.
 func NewDefaultServerIos(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	wgInterface WGIface,
 	iosDnsManager IosDnsManager,
-	hostsDnsList []netip.AddrPort,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
 	disableSys bool,
 ) *DefaultServer {
-	log.Debugf("iOS host dns address list is: %v", hostsDnsList)
 	ds := newDefaultServer(ctx, wgInterface, NewServiceViaMemory(wgInterface), statusRecorder, nil, disableSys)
 	ds.iosDnsManager = iosDnsManager
-	ds.hostsDNSHolder.set(hostsDnsList)
 	ds.permanent = true
-	ds.addHostRootZone()
 	return ds
 }
 
@@ -221,7 +293,6 @@ func newDefaultServer(
 		service:           dnsService,
 		handlerChain:      handlerChain,
 		extraDomains:      make(map[domain.Domain]int),
-		dnsMuxMap:         make(registeredHandlerMap),
 		localResolver:     local.NewResolver(),
 		wgInterface:       wgInterface,
 		statusRecorder:    statusRecorder,
@@ -230,7 +301,14 @@ func newDefaultServer(
 		hostManager:       &noopHostConfigurator{},
 		mgmtCacheResolver: mgmtCacheResolver,
 		currentConfigHash: ^uint64(0), // Initialize to max uint64 to ensure first config is always applied
+		warningDelayBase:  warningDelayBaseFromEnv(),
+		healthRefresh:     make(chan struct{}, 1),
 	}
+	// Wire the local resolver against the peer status recorder so it can
+	// suppress A/AAAA answers that point at disconnected peers (typical
+	// case: synthesised private-service records pointing at an embedded
+	// proxy peer that just went offline).
+	defaultServer.localResolver.SetPeerConnectivity(localPeerConnectivity{statusRecorder})
 
 	// register with root zone, handler chain takes care of the routing
 	dnsService.RegisterMux(".", handlerChain)
@@ -238,12 +316,26 @@ func newDefaultServer(
 	return defaultServer
 }
 
-// SetRouteChecker sets the function used by upstream resolvers to determine
-// whether an IP is routed through the tunnel.
-func (s *DefaultServer) SetRouteChecker(f func(netip.Addr) bool) {
+// SetRouteSources wires the route-manager accessors used by health
+// projection to classify each upstream for emission timing.
+func (s *DefaultServer) SetRouteSources(selected, active func() route.HAMap) {
 	s.mux.Lock()
 	defer s.mux.Unlock()
-	s.routeMatch = f
+	s.selectedRoutes = selected
+	s.activeRoutes = active
+
+	// Permanent / iOS constructors build the root handler before the
+	// engine wires route sources, so its selectedRoutes callback would
+	// otherwise remain nil and overlay upstreams would be classified
+	// as public. Propagate the new accessors to existing handlers.
+	type routeSettable interface {
+		setSelectedRoutes(func() route.HAMap)
+	}
+	for _, entry := range s.dnsMuxHandlers {
+		if h, ok := entry.handler.(routeSettable); ok {
+			h.setSelectedRoutes(selected)
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 // RegisterHandler registers a handler for the given domains with the given priority.
@@ -256,7 +348,6 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) RegisterHandler(domains domain.List, handler dns.Handler
 
 	// TODO: This will take over zones for non-wildcard domains, for which we might not have a handler in the chain
 	for _, domain := range domains {
-		// convert to zone with simple ref counter
 		s.extraDomains[toZone(domain)]++
 	}
 	if !s.batchMode {
@@ -357,6 +448,8 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) Initialize() (err error) {
 
 	s.stateManager.RegisterState(&ShutdownState{})
 
+	s.startHealthRefresher()
+
 	// Keep using noop host manager if dns off requested or running in netstack mode.
 	// Netstack mode currently doesn't have a way to receive DNS requests.
 	// TODO: Use listener on localhost in netstack mode when running as root.
@@ -370,6 +463,13 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) Initialize() (err error) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("initialize: %w", err)
 	}
 	s.hostManager = hostManager
+	// On mobile-permanent setups the seeded host DNS list is the only
+	// source until the first network-map arrives; register it now so DNS
+	// works in that window. Desktop host managers register fallback when
+	// applyConfiguration runs.
+	if s.permanent {
+		s.registerFallback()
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -392,15 +492,16 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) SetFirewall(fw Firewall) {
 	}
 }
 
+// SetPeerActivator wires the DNS-time lazy-connection warm-up on the local
+// resolver. Injected after the connection manager exists (it does not at
+// DNS-server construction time). Pass nil to disable.
+func (s *DefaultServer) SetPeerActivator(a local.PeerActivator) {
+	s.localResolver.SetPeerActivator(a)
+}
+
 // Stop stops the server
 func (s *DefaultServer) Stop() {
-	s.probeMu.Lock()
-	if s.probeCancel != nil {
-		s.probeCancel()
-	}
 	s.ctxCancel()
-	s.probeMu.Unlock()
-	s.probeWg.Wait()
 	s.shutdownWg.Wait()
 
 	s.mux.Lock()
@@ -410,7 +511,14 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) Stop() {
 		log.Errorf("failed to disable DNS: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	maps.Clear(s.extraDomains)
+	clear(s.extraDomains)
+
+	// Clear health projection state so a subsequent Start doesn't
+	// inherit sticky flags (notably everHealthy) that would bypass
+	// the grace window during the next peer handshake.
+	s.healthProjectMu.Lock()
+	s.nsGroupProj = nil
+	s.healthProjectMu.Unlock()
 }
 
 func (s *DefaultServer) disableDNS() (retErr error) {
@@ -424,10 +532,9 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) disableDNS() (retErr error) {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Deregister original nameservers if they were registered as fallback
-	if srvs, ok := s.hostManager.(hostManagerWithOriginalNS); ok && len(srvs.getOriginalNameservers()) > 0 {
-		log.Debugf("deregistering original nameservers as fallback handlers")
-		s.deregisterHandler([]string{nbdns.RootZone}, PriorityFallback)
+	if s.fallbackHandler != nil {
+		log.Debugf("deregistering fallback handlers")
+		s.clearFallback()
 	}
 
 	if err := s.hostManager.restoreHostDNS(); err != nil {
@@ -441,27 +548,16 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) disableDNS() (retErr error) {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// OnUpdatedHostDNSServer update the DNS servers addresses for root zones
-// It will be applied if the mgm server do not enforce DNS settings for root zone
+// OnUpdatedHostDNSServer updates the fallback DNS upstreams. Called by Android
+// outside the engine's sync mux when the OS reports a network change, so it
+// takes s.mux to serialize against host manager swaps in Initialize/enableDNS.
 func (s *DefaultServer) OnUpdatedHostDNSServer(hostsDnsList []netip.AddrPort) {
 	s.hostsDNSHolder.set(hostsDnsList)
-
-	// Check if there's any root handler
-	var hasRootHandler bool
-	for _, handler := range s.dnsMuxMap {
-		if handler.domain == nbdns.RootZone {
-			hasRootHandler = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-
-	if hasRootHandler {
-		log.Debugf("on new host DNS config but skip to apply it")
-		return
-	}
-
 	log.Debugf("update host DNS settings: %+v", hostsDnsList)
-	s.addHostRootZone()
+
+	s.mux.Lock()
+	defer s.mux.Unlock()
+	s.registerFallback()
 }
 
 // UpdateDNSServer processes an update received from the management service
@@ -506,6 +602,12 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) UpdateDNSServer(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) erro
 }
 
 func (s *DefaultServer) SearchDomains() []string {
+	s.mux.Lock()
+	defer s.mux.Unlock()
+	return s.searchDomains()
+}
+
+func (s *DefaultServer) searchDomains() []string {
 	var searchDomains []string
 
 	for _, dConf := range s.currentConfig.Domains {
@@ -520,69 +622,6 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) SearchDomains() []string {
 	return searchDomains
 }
 
-// ProbeAvailability tests each upstream group's servers for availability
-// and deactivates the group if no server responds.
-// If a previous probe is still running, it will be cancelled before starting a new one.
-func (s *DefaultServer) ProbeAvailability() {
-	if val := os.Getenv(envSkipDNSProbe); val != "" {
-		skipProbe, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", envSkipDNSProbe, err)
-		}
-		if skipProbe {
-			log.Infof("skipping DNS probe due to %s", envSkipDNSProbe)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	s.probeMu.Lock()
-
-	// don't start probes on a stopped server
-	if s.ctx.Err() != nil {
-		s.probeMu.Unlock()
-		return
-	}
-
-	// cancel any running probe
-	if s.probeCancel != nil {
-		s.probeCancel()
-		s.probeCancel = nil
-	}
-
-	// wait for the previous probe goroutines to finish while holding
-	// the mutex so no other caller can start a new probe concurrently
-	s.probeWg.Wait()
-
-	// start a new probe
-	probeCtx, probeCancel := context.WithCancel(s.ctx)
-	s.probeCancel = probeCancel
-
-	s.probeWg.Add(1)
-	defer s.probeWg.Done()
-
-	// Snapshot handlers under s.mux to avoid racing with updateMux/dnsMuxMap writers.
-	s.mux.Lock()
-	handlers := make([]handlerWithStop, 0, len(s.dnsMuxMap))
-	for _, mux := range s.dnsMuxMap {
-		handlers = append(handlers, mux.handler)
-	}
-	s.mux.Unlock()
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	for _, handler := range handlers {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(h handlerWithStop) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			h.ProbeAvailability(probeCtx)
-		}(handler)
-	}
-
-	s.probeMu.Unlock()
-
-	wg.Wait()
-	probeCancel()
-}
-
 func (s *DefaultServer) UpdateServerConfig(domains dnsconfig.ServerDomains) error {
 	s.mux.Lock()
 	defer s.mux.Unlock()
@@ -653,7 +692,7 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyConfiguration(update nbdns.Config) error {
 	}()
 
 	if s.searchDomainNotifier != nil {
-		s.searchDomainNotifier.onNewSearchDomains(s.SearchDomains())
+		s.searchDomainNotifier.onNewSearchDomains(s.searchDomains())
 	}
 
 	s.updateNSGroupStates(update.NameServerGroups)
@@ -746,23 +785,32 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) applyHostConfig() {
 		s.currentConfigHash = hash
 	}
 
-	s.registerFallback(config)
+	s.registerFallback()
 }
 
 // registerFallback registers original nameservers as low-priority fallback handlers.
-func (s *DefaultServer) registerFallback(config HostDNSConfig) {
-	hostMgrWithNS, ok := s.hostManager.(hostManagerWithOriginalNS)
-	if !ok {
+// Replaces and Stop()s the previously-registered fallback handler so its
+// context is released rather than leaked until GC.
+func (s *DefaultServer) registerFallback() {
+	originalNameservers := s.hostManager.getOriginalNameservers()
+
+	serverIP := s.service.RuntimeIP()
+	var servers []netip.AddrPort
+	for _, ns := range originalNameservers {
+		if ns == serverIP {
+			log.Debugf("skipping original nameserver %s as it is the same as the server IP %s", ns, serverIP)
+			continue
+		}
+		servers = append(servers, netip.AddrPortFrom(ns, DefaultPort))
+	}
+
+	if len(servers) == 0 {
+		log.Debugf("no fallback upstreams to register; clearing PriorityFallback handler")
+		s.clearFallback()
 		return
 	}
 
-	originalNameservers := hostMgrWithNS.getOriginalNameservers()
-	if len(originalNameservers) == 0 {
-		s.deregisterHandler([]string{nbdns.RootZone}, PriorityFallback)
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("registering original nameservers %v as upstream handlers with priority %d", originalNameservers, PriorityFallback)
+	log.Infof("registering original nameservers %v as upstream handlers with priority %d", servers, PriorityFallback)
 
 	handler, err := newUpstreamResolver(
 		s.ctx,
@@ -775,21 +823,23 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) registerFallback(config HostDNSConfig) {
 		log.Errorf("failed to create upstream resolver for original nameservers: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
-	handler.routeMatch = s.routeMatch
-
-	for _, ns := range originalNameservers {
-		if ns == config.ServerIP {
-			log.Debugf("skipping original nameserver %s as it is the same as the server IP %s", ns, config.ServerIP)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		addrPort := netip.AddrPortFrom(ns, DefaultPort)
-		handler.upstreamServers = append(handler.upstreamServers, addrPort)
-	}
-	handler.deactivate = func(error) { /* always active */ }
-	handler.reactivate = func() { /* always active */ }
+	handler.selectedRoutes = s.selectedRoutes
+	handler.addRace(servers)
 
+	prev := s.fallbackHandler
+	s.fallbackHandler = handler
 	s.registerHandler([]string{nbdns.RootZone}, handler, PriorityFallback)
+	if prev != nil {
+		prev.Stop()
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *DefaultServer) clearFallback() {
+	s.deregisterHandler([]string{nbdns.RootZone}, PriorityFallback)
+	if s.fallbackHandler != nil {
+		s.fallbackHandler.Stop()
+		s.fallbackHandler = nil
+	}
 }
 
 func (s *DefaultServer) buildLocalHandlerUpdate(customZones []nbdns.CustomZone) ([]handlerWrapper, []nbdns.CustomZone, error) {
@@ -847,279 +897,483 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) buildUpstreamHandlerUpdate(nameServerGroups []*nbdns.Nam
 	groupedNS := groupNSGroupsByDomain(nameServerGroups)
 
 	for _, domainGroup := range groupedNS {
-		basePriority := PriorityUpstream
+		priority := PriorityUpstream
 		if domainGroup.domain == nbdns.RootZone {
-			basePriority = PriorityDefault
+			priority = PriorityDefault
 		}
 
-		updates, err := s.createHandlersForDomainGroup(domainGroup, basePriority)
+		update, err := s.buildMergedDomainHandler(domainGroup, priority)
 		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, errNoUsableNameservers) {
+				log.Errorf("no usable nameservers for domain=%s", domainGroup.domain)
+				continue
+			}
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		muxUpdates = append(muxUpdates, updates...)
+		muxUpdates = append(muxUpdates, *update)
 	}
 
 	return muxUpdates, nil
 }
 
-func (s *DefaultServer) createHandlersForDomainGroup(domainGroup nsGroupsByDomain, basePriority int) ([]handlerWrapper, error) {
-	var muxUpdates []handlerWrapper
-
-	for i, nsGroup := range domainGroup.groups {
-		// Decrement priority by handler index (0, 1, 2, ...) to avoid conflicts
-		priority := basePriority - i
-
-		// Check if we're about to overlap with the next priority tier
-		if s.leaksPriority(domainGroup, basePriority, priority) {
-			break
-		}
-
-		log.Debugf("creating handler for domain=%s with priority=%d", domainGroup.domain, priority)
-		handler, err := newUpstreamResolver(
-			s.ctx,
-			s.wgInterface,
-			s.statusRecorder,
-			s.hostsDNSHolder,
-			domainGroup.domain,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("create upstream resolver: %v", err)
-		}
-		handler.routeMatch = s.routeMatch
-
-		for _, ns := range nsGroup.NameServers {
-			if ns.NSType != nbdns.UDPNameServerType {
-				log.Warnf("skipping nameserver %s with type %s, this peer supports only %s",
-					ns.IP.String(), ns.NSType.String(), nbdns.UDPNameServerType.String())
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if ns.IP == s.service.RuntimeIP() {
-				log.Warnf("skipping nameserver %s as it matches our DNS server IP, preventing potential loop", ns.IP)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			handler.upstreamServers = append(handler.upstreamServers, ns.AddrPort())
-		}
-
-		if len(handler.upstreamServers) == 0 {
-			handler.Stop()
-			log.Errorf("received a nameserver group with an invalid nameserver list")
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// when upstream fails to resolve domain several times over all it servers
-		// it will calls this hook to exclude self from the configuration and
-		// reapply DNS settings, but it not touch the original configuration and serial number
-		// because it is temporal deactivation until next try
-		//
-		// after some period defined by upstream it tries to reactivate self by calling this hook
-		// everything we need here is just to re-apply current configuration because it already
-		// contains this upstream settings (temporal deactivation not removed it)
-		handler.deactivate, handler.reactivate = s.upstreamCallbacks(nsGroup, handler, priority)
-
-		muxUpdates = append(muxUpdates, handlerWrapper{
-			domain:   domainGroup.domain,
-			handler:  handler,
-			priority: priority,
-		})
-	}
-
-	return muxUpdates, nil
-}
-
-func (s *DefaultServer) leaksPriority(domainGroup nsGroupsByDomain, basePriority int, priority int) bool {
-	if basePriority == PriorityUpstream && priority <= PriorityDefault {
-		log.Warnf("too many handlers for domain=%s, would overlap with default priority tier (diff=%d). Skipping remaining handlers",
-			domainGroup.domain, PriorityUpstream-PriorityDefault)
-		return true
-	}
-	if basePriority == PriorityDefault && priority <= PriorityFallback {
-		log.Warnf("too many handlers for domain=%s, would overlap with fallback priority tier (diff=%d). Skipping remaining handlers",
-			domainGroup.domain, PriorityDefault-PriorityFallback)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-func (s *DefaultServer) updateMux(muxUpdates []handlerWrapper) {
-	// this will introduce a short period of time when the server is not able to handle DNS requests
-	for _, existing := range s.dnsMuxMap {
-		s.deregisterHandler([]string{existing.domain}, existing.priority)
-		existing.handler.Stop()
-	}
-
-	muxUpdateMap := make(registeredHandlerMap)
-	var containsRootUpdate bool
-
-	for _, update := range muxUpdates {
-		if update.domain == nbdns.RootZone {
-			containsRootUpdate = true
-		}
-		s.registerHandler([]string{update.domain}, update.handler, update.priority)
-		muxUpdateMap[update.handler.ID()] = update
-	}
-
-	// If there's no root update and we had a root handler, restore it
-	if !containsRootUpdate {
-		for _, existing := range s.dnsMuxMap {
-			if existing.domain == nbdns.RootZone {
-				s.addHostRootZone()
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	s.dnsMuxMap = muxUpdateMap
-}
-
-// upstreamCallbacks returns two functions, the first one is used to deactivate
-// the upstream resolver from the configuration, the second one is used to
-// reactivate it. Not allowed to call reactivate before deactivate.
-func (s *DefaultServer) upstreamCallbacks(
-	nsGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup,
-	handler dns.Handler,
-	priority int,
-) (deactivate func(error), reactivate func()) {
-	var removeIndex map[string]int
-	deactivate = func(err error) {
-		s.mux.Lock()
-		defer s.mux.Unlock()
-
-		l := log.WithField("nameservers", nsGroup.NameServers)
-		l.Info("Temporarily deactivating nameservers group due to timeout")
-
-		removeIndex = make(map[string]int)
-		for _, domain := range nsGroup.Domains {
-			removeIndex[domain] = -1
-		}
-		if nsGroup.Primary {
-			removeIndex[nbdns.RootZone] = -1
-			s.currentConfig.RouteAll = false
-			s.deregisterHandler([]string{nbdns.RootZone}, priority)
-		}
-
-		for i, item := range s.currentConfig.Domains {
-			if _, found := removeIndex[item.Domain]; found {
-				s.currentConfig.Domains[i].Disabled = true
-				s.deregisterHandler([]string{item.Domain}, priority)
-				removeIndex[item.Domain] = i
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Always apply host config when nameserver goes down, regardless of batch mode
-		s.applyHostConfig()
-
-		go func() {
-			if err := s.stateManager.PersistState(s.ctx); err != nil {
-				l.Errorf("Failed to persist dns state: %v", err)
-			}
-		}()
-
-		if runtime.GOOS == "android" && nsGroup.Primary && len(s.hostsDNSHolder.get()) > 0 {
-			s.addHostRootZone()
-		}
-
-		s.updateNSState(nsGroup, err, false)
-	}
-
-	reactivate = func() {
-		s.mux.Lock()
-		defer s.mux.Unlock()
-
-		for domain, i := range removeIndex {
-			if i == -1 || i >= len(s.currentConfig.Domains) || s.currentConfig.Domains[i].Domain != domain {
-				continue
-			}
-			s.currentConfig.Domains[i].Disabled = false
-			s.registerHandler([]string{domain}, handler, priority)
-		}
-
-		l := log.WithField("nameservers", nsGroup.NameServers)
-		l.Debug("reactivate temporary disabled nameserver group")
-
-		if nsGroup.Primary {
-			s.currentConfig.RouteAll = true
-			s.registerHandler([]string{nbdns.RootZone}, handler, priority)
-		}
-
-		// Always apply host config when nameserver reactivates, regardless of batch mode
-		s.applyHostConfig()
-
-		s.updateNSState(nsGroup, nil, true)
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-func (s *DefaultServer) addHostRootZone() {
-	hostDNSServers := s.hostsDNSHolder.get()
-	if len(hostDNSServers) == 0 {
-		log.Debug("no host DNS servers available, skipping root zone handler creation")
-		return
-	}
-
+// buildMergedDomainHandler merges every nameserver group that targets the
+// same domain into one handler whose inner groups are raced in parallel.
+func (s *DefaultServer) buildMergedDomainHandler(domainGroup nsGroupsByDomain, priority int) (*handlerWrapper, error) {
 	handler, err := newUpstreamResolver(
 		s.ctx,
 		s.wgInterface,
 		s.statusRecorder,
 		s.hostsDNSHolder,
-		nbdns.RootZone,
+		domain.Domain(domainGroup.domain),
 	)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("unable to create a new upstream resolver, error: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create upstream resolver: %v", err)
+	}
+	handler.selectedRoutes = s.selectedRoutes
+
+	for _, nsGroup := range domainGroup.groups {
+		servers := s.filterNameServers(nsGroup.NameServers)
+		if len(servers) == 0 {
+			log.Warnf("nameserver group for domain=%s yielded no usable servers, skipping", domainGroup.domain)
+			continue
+		}
+		handler.addRace(servers)
+	}
+
+	if len(handler.upstreamServers) == 0 {
+		handler.Stop()
+		return nil, errNoUsableNameservers
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("creating merged handler for domain=%s with %d group(s) priority=%d", domainGroup.domain, len(handler.upstreamServers), priority)
+
+	return &handlerWrapper{
+		domain:   domainGroup.domain,
+		handler:  handler,
+		priority: priority,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *DefaultServer) filterNameServers(nameServers []nbdns.NameServer) []netip.AddrPort {
+	var out []netip.AddrPort
+	for _, ns := range nameServers {
+		if ns.NSType != nbdns.UDPNameServerType {
+			log.Warnf("skipping nameserver %s with type %s, this peer supports only %s",
+				ns.IP.String(), ns.NSType.String(), nbdns.UDPNameServerType.String())
+			continue
+		}
+		if ns.IP == s.service.RuntimeIP() {
+			log.Warnf("skipping nameserver %s as it matches our DNS server IP, preventing potential loop", ns.IP)
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, ns.AddrPort())
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// usableNameServers returns the subset of nameServers the handler would
+// actually query. Matches filterNameServers without the warning logs, so
+// it's safe to call on every health-projection tick.
+func (s *DefaultServer) usableNameServers(nameServers []nbdns.NameServer) []netip.AddrPort {
+	var runtimeIP netip.Addr
+	if s.service != nil {
+		runtimeIP = s.service.RuntimeIP()
+	}
+	var out []netip.AddrPort
+	for _, ns := range nameServers {
+		if ns.NSType != nbdns.UDPNameServerType {
+			continue
+		}
+		if runtimeIP.IsValid() && ns.IP == runtimeIP {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, ns.AddrPort())
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (s *DefaultServer) updateMux(muxUpdates []handlerWrapper) {
+	// this will introduce a short period of time when the server is not able to handle DNS requests
+	for _, existing := range s.dnsMuxHandlers {
+		s.deregisterHandler([]string{existing.domain}, existing.priority)
+		// The local resolver is a persistent singleton shared by every custom
+		// zone and reused across config updates. Its chain registrations are
+		// per-config and must be deregistered, but Stop() cancels its lookup
+		// context (breaking external CNAME-target resolution) and clears its
+		// records, so it must not be torn down here.
+		if existing.handler != s.localResolver {
+			existing.handler.Stop()
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, update := range muxUpdates {
+		s.registerHandler([]string{update.domain}, update.handler, update.priority)
+	}
+
+	s.dnsMuxHandlers = muxUpdates
+}
+
+// updateNSGroupStates records the new group set and pokes the refresher.
+// Must hold s.mux; projection runs async (see refreshHealth for why).
+func (s *DefaultServer) updateNSGroupStates(groups []*nbdns.NameServerGroup) {
+	s.nsGroups = groups
+	select {
+	case s.healthRefresh <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
+// refreshHealth runs one projection cycle. Must not be called while
+// holding s.mux: the route callbacks re-enter routemanager's lock.
+func (s *DefaultServer) refreshHealth() {
+	s.mux.Lock()
+	groups := s.nsGroups
+	merged := s.collectUpstreamHealth()
+	selFn := s.selectedRoutes
+	actFn := s.activeRoutes
+	s.mux.Unlock()
+
+	var selected, active route.HAMap
+	if selFn != nil {
+		selected = selFn()
+	}
+	if actFn != nil {
+		active = actFn()
+	}
+
+	s.projectNSGroupHealth(nsHealthSnapshot{
+		groups:   groups,
+		merged:   merged,
+		selected: selected,
+		active:   active,
+	})
+}
+
+// projectNSGroupHealth applies the emission rules to the snapshot and
+// publishes the resulting NSGroupStates. Serialized by healthProjectMu,
+// lock-free wrt s.mux.
+//
+// Rules:
+//   - Healthy: emit recovery iff warningActive; set everHealthy.
+//   - Unhealthy: stamp unhealthySince on streak start; emit warning
+//     iff any of immediate / everHealthy / elapsed >= effective delay.
+//   - Undecided: no-op.
+//
+// "Immediate" means the group has at least one upstream that's public
+// or overlay+Connected: no peer-startup race to wait out.
+func (s *DefaultServer) projectNSGroupHealth(snap nsHealthSnapshot) {
+	if s.statusRecorder == nil {
 		return
 	}
-	handler.routeMatch = s.routeMatch
 
-	handler.upstreamServers = maps.Keys(hostDNSServers)
-	handler.deactivate = func(error) {}
-	handler.reactivate = func() {}
+	s.healthProjectMu.Lock()
+	defer s.healthProjectMu.Unlock()
 
-	s.registerHandler([]string{nbdns.RootZone}, handler, PriorityDefault)
-}
+	if s.nsGroupProj == nil {
+		s.nsGroupProj = make(map[nsGroupID]*nsGroupProj)
+	}
 
-func (s *DefaultServer) updateNSGroupStates(groups []*nbdns.NameServerGroup) {
-	var states []peer.NSGroupState
+	now := time.Now()
+	delay := s.warningDelay(haMapRouteCount(snap.selected))
+	states := make([]peer.NSGroupState, 0, len(snap.groups))
+	seen := make(map[nsGroupID]struct{}, len(snap.groups))
+	for _, group := range snap.groups {
+		servers := s.usableNameServers(group.NameServers)
+		if len(servers) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		verdict, groupErr := evaluateNSGroupHealth(snap.merged, servers, now)
+		id := generateGroupKey(group)
+		seen[id] = struct{}{}
 
-	for _, group := range groups {
-		var servers []netip.AddrPort
-		for _, ns := range group.NameServers {
-			servers = append(servers, ns.AddrPort())
+		immediate := s.groupHasImmediateUpstream(servers, snap)
+
+		p, known := s.nsGroupProj[id]
+		if !known {
+			p = &nsGroupProj{}
+			s.nsGroupProj[id] = p
 		}
 
-		state := peer.NSGroupState{
-			ID:      generateGroupKey(group),
+		enabled := true
+		switch verdict {
+		case nsVerdictHealthy:
+			enabled = s.projectHealthy(p, servers)
+		case nsVerdictUnhealthy:
+			enabled = s.projectUnhealthy(p, servers, immediate, now, delay)
+		case nsVerdictUndecided:
+			// Stay Available until evidence says otherwise, unless a
+			// warning is already active for this group. Also clear any
+			// prior Unhealthy streak so a later Unhealthy verdict starts
+			// a fresh grace window rather than inheriting a stale one.
+			p.unhealthySince = time.Time{}
+			enabled = !p.warningActive
+			groupErr = nil
+		}
+
+		states = append(states, peer.NSGroupState{
+			ID:      string(id),
 			Servers: servers,
 			Domains: group.Domains,
-			// The probe will determine the state, default enabled
-			Enabled: true,
-			Error:   nil,
-		}
-		states = append(states, state)
+			Enabled: enabled,
+			Error:   groupErr,
+		})
 	}
-	s.statusRecorder.UpdateDNSStates(states)
-}
-
-func (s *DefaultServer) updateNSState(nsGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup, err error, enabled bool) {
-	states := s.statusRecorder.GetDNSStates()
-	id := generateGroupKey(nsGroup)
-	for i, state := range states {
-		if state.ID == id {
-			states[i].Enabled = enabled
-			states[i].Error = err
-			break
+	for id := range s.nsGroupProj {
+		if _, ok := seen[id]; !ok {
+			delete(s.nsGroupProj, id)
 		}
 	}
 	s.statusRecorder.UpdateDNSStates(states)
 }
 
-func generateGroupKey(nsGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup) string {
-	var servers []string
+// projectHealthy records a healthy tick on p and publishes a recovery
+// event iff a warning was active for the current streak. Returns the
+// Enabled flag to record in NSGroupState.
+func (s *DefaultServer) projectHealthy(p *nsGroupProj, servers []netip.AddrPort) bool {
+	p.everHealthy = true
+	p.unhealthySince = time.Time{}
+	if !p.warningActive {
+		return true
+	}
+	log.Debugf("DNS health: group [%s] recovered, emitting event", joinAddrPorts(servers))
+	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
+		proto.SystemEvent_DNS,
+		"Nameserver group recovered",
+		"DNS servers are reachable again.",
+		map[string]string{"upstreams": joinAddrPorts(servers)},
+	)
+	p.warningActive = false
+	return true
+}
+
+// projectUnhealthy records an unhealthy tick on p, publishes the
+// warning when the emission rules fire, and returns the Enabled flag
+// to record in NSGroupState.
+func (s *DefaultServer) projectUnhealthy(p *nsGroupProj, servers []netip.AddrPort, immediate bool, now time.Time, delay time.Duration) bool {
+	streakStart := p.unhealthySince.IsZero()
+	if streakStart {
+		p.unhealthySince = now
+	}
+	reason := unhealthyEmitReason(immediate, p.everHealthy, now.Sub(p.unhealthySince), delay)
+	switch {
+	case reason != "" && !p.warningActive:
+		log.Debugf("DNS health: group [%s] unreachable, emitting event (reason=%s)", joinAddrPorts(servers), reason)
+		s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+			proto.SystemEvent_WARNING,
+			proto.SystemEvent_DNS,
+			"Nameserver group unreachable",
+			"Unable to reach one or more DNS servers. This might affect your ability to connect to some services.",
+			map[string]string{"upstreams": joinAddrPorts(servers)},
+		)
+		p.warningActive = true
+	case streakStart && reason == "":
+		// One line per streak, not per tick.
+		log.Debugf("DNS health: group [%s] unreachable but holding warning for up to %v (overlay-routed, no connected peer)", joinAddrPorts(servers), delay)
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// warningDelayBaseFromEnv returns the base grace window, honoring
+// envWarningDelay when it holds a valid positive Go duration. Invalid or
+// non-positive values fall back to defaultWarningDelayBase.
+func warningDelayBaseFromEnv() time.Duration {
+	val := os.Getenv(envWarningDelay)
+	if val == "" {
+		return defaultWarningDelayBase
+	}
+	d, err := time.ParseDuration(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("invalid %s value %q, using default %v: %v", envWarningDelay, val, defaultWarningDelayBase, err)
+		return defaultWarningDelayBase
+	}
+	if d <= 0 {
+		log.Warnf("%s must be positive, got %v, using default %v", envWarningDelay, d, defaultWarningDelayBase)
+		return defaultWarningDelayBase
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+// warningDelay returns the grace window for the given selected-route
+// count. Scales gently: +1s per 100 routes, capped by
+// warningDelayBonusCap. Parallel handshakes mean handshake time grows
+// much slower than route count, so linear scaling would overcorrect.
+//
+// TODO: revisit the scaling curve with real-world data — the current
+// values are a reasonable starting point, not a measured fit.
+func (s *DefaultServer) warningDelay(routeCount int) time.Duration {
+	bonus := time.Duration(routeCount/100) * time.Second
+	if bonus > warningDelayBonusCap {
+		bonus = warningDelayBonusCap
+	}
+	return s.warningDelayBase + bonus
+}
+
+// groupHasImmediateUpstream reports whether the group has at least one
+// upstream in a classification that bypasses the grace window: public
+// (outside the overlay range and not routed), or overlay/routed with a
+// Connected peer.
+//
+// TODO(ipv6): include the v6 overlay prefix once it's plumbed in.
+func (s *DefaultServer) groupHasImmediateUpstream(servers []netip.AddrPort, snap nsHealthSnapshot) bool {
+	var overlayV4 netip.Prefix
+	if s.wgInterface != nil {
+		overlayV4 = s.wgInterface.Address().Network
+	}
+	for _, srv := range servers {
+		addr := srv.Addr().Unmap()
+		overlay := overlayV4.IsValid() && overlayV4.Contains(addr)
+		selMatched, selDynamic := haMapContains(snap.selected, addr)
+		// Treat an unknown (dynamic selected route) as possibly routed:
+		// the upstream might reach through a dynamic route whose Network
+		// hasn't resolved yet, and classifying as public would bypass
+		// the startup grace window.
+		routed := selMatched || selDynamic
+		if !overlay && !routed {
+			return true
+		}
+		if actMatched, _ := haMapContains(snap.active, addr); actMatched {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// collectUpstreamHealth merges health snapshots across handlers, keeping
+// the most recent success and failure per upstream when an address appears
+// in more than one handler.
+func (s *DefaultServer) collectUpstreamHealth() map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth {
+	merged := make(map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth)
+	for _, entry := range s.dnsMuxHandlers {
+		reporter, ok := entry.handler.(upstreamHealthReporter)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		for addr, h := range reporter.UpstreamHealth() {
+			existing, have := merged[addr]
+			if !have {
+				merged[addr] = h
+				continue
+			}
+			if h.LastOk.After(existing.LastOk) {
+				existing.LastOk = h.LastOk
+			}
+			if h.LastFail.After(existing.LastFail) {
+				existing.LastFail = h.LastFail
+				existing.LastErr = h.LastErr
+			}
+			merged[addr] = existing
+		}
+	}
+	return merged
+}
+
+func (s *DefaultServer) startHealthRefresher() {
+	s.shutdownWg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer s.shutdownWg.Done()
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(nsGroupHealthRefreshInterval)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-s.ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-ticker.C:
+			case <-s.healthRefresh:
+			}
+			s.refreshHealth()
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// evaluateNSGroupHealth decides a group's verdict from query records
+// alone. Per upstream, the most-recent-in-lookback observation wins.
+// Group is Healthy if any upstream is fresh-working, Unhealthy if any
+// is fresh-broken with no fresh-working sibling, Undecided otherwise.
+func evaluateNSGroupHealth(merged map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth, servers []netip.AddrPort, now time.Time) (nsGroupVerdict, error) {
+	anyWorking := false
+	anyBroken := false
+	var mostRecentFail time.Time
+	var mostRecentErr string
+
+	for _, srv := range servers {
+		h, ok := merged[srv]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch classifyUpstreamHealth(h, now) {
+		case upstreamFresh:
+			anyWorking = true
+		case upstreamBroken:
+			anyBroken = true
+			if h.LastFail.After(mostRecentFail) {
+				mostRecentFail = h.LastFail
+				mostRecentErr = h.LastErr
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if anyWorking {
+		return nsVerdictHealthy, nil
+	}
+	if anyBroken {
+		if mostRecentErr == "" {
+			return nsVerdictUnhealthy, nil
+		}
+		return nsVerdictUnhealthy, errors.New(mostRecentErr)
+	}
+	return nsVerdictUndecided, nil
+}
+
+// upstreamClassification is the per-upstream verdict within healthLookback.
+type upstreamClassification int
+
+const (
+	upstreamStale upstreamClassification = iota
+	upstreamFresh
+	upstreamBroken
+)
+
+// classifyUpstreamHealth compares the last ok and last fail timestamps
+// against healthLookback and returns which one (if any) counts. Fresh
+// wins when both are in-window and ok is newer; broken otherwise.
+func classifyUpstreamHealth(h UpstreamHealth, now time.Time) upstreamClassification {
+	okRecent := !h.LastOk.IsZero() && now.Sub(h.LastOk) <= healthLookback
+	failRecent := !h.LastFail.IsZero() && now.Sub(h.LastFail) <= healthLookback
+	switch {
+	case okRecent && failRecent:
+		if h.LastOk.After(h.LastFail) {
+			return upstreamFresh
+		}
+		return upstreamBroken
+	case okRecent:
+		return upstreamFresh
+	case failRecent:
+		return upstreamBroken
+	}
+	return upstreamStale
+}
+
+func joinAddrPorts(servers []netip.AddrPort) string {
+	parts := make([]string, 0, len(servers))
+	for _, s := range servers {
+		parts = append(parts, s.String())
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, ", ")
+}
+
+// generateGroupKey returns a stable identity for an NS group so health
+// state (everHealthy / warningActive) survives reorderings in the
+// configured nameserver or domain lists.
+func generateGroupKey(nsGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup) nsGroupID {
+	servers := make([]string, 0, len(nsGroup.NameServers))
 	for _, ns := range nsGroup.NameServers {
 		servers = append(servers, ns.AddrPort().String())
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%v_%v", servers, nsGroup.Domains)
+	slices.Sort(servers)
+	domains := slices.Clone(nsGroup.Domains)
+	slices.Sort(domains)
+	return nsGroupID(fmt.Sprintf("%v_%v", servers, domains))
 }
 
 // groupNSGroupsByDomain groups nameserver groups by their match domains
@@ -1161,6 +1415,21 @@ func toZone(d domain.Domain) domain.Domain {
 	)
 }
 
+// unhealthyEmitReason returns the tag of the rule that fires the
+// warning now, or "" if the group is still inside its grace window.
+func unhealthyEmitReason(immediate, everHealthy bool, elapsed, delay time.Duration) string {
+	switch {
+	case immediate:
+		return "immediate"
+	case everHealthy:
+		return "ever-healthy"
+	case elapsed >= delay:
+		return "grace-elapsed"
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
 // PopulateManagementDomain populates the DNS cache with management domain
 func (s *DefaultServer) PopulateManagementDomain(mgmtURL *url.URL) error {
 	if s.mgmtCacheResolver != nil {
@@ -1168,3 +1437,25 @@ func (s *DefaultServer) PopulateManagementDomain(mgmtURL *url.URL) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// localPeerConnectivity adapts *peer.Status to local.PeerConnectivity so
+// the local resolver can ask "is this IP a known peer and is it
+// connected?" without taking on the peer package as a dependency.
+// A nil status recorder always reports known=false so the resolver
+// short-circuits to the legacy "return everything" path.
+type localPeerConnectivity struct {
+	status *peer.Status
+}
+
+// IsConnectedByIP looks the IP up in the peerstore and surfaces both
+// the known and connected bits. Used by Resolver.filterDisconnectedPeerAnswers.
+func (l localPeerConnectivity) IsConnectedByIP(ip netip.Addr) (known, connected bool) {
+	if l.status == nil {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	state, ok := l.status.PeerStateByIP(ip.String())
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	return true, state.ConnStatus == peer.StatusConnected
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/server_android.go b/client/internal/dns/server_android.go
index 7ca12d69d..b2cb26f65 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/server_android.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/server_android.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 package dns
 
 func (s *DefaultServer) initialize() (manager hostManager, err error) {
-	return newHostManager()
+	return newHostManager(s.hostsDNSHolder)
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/server_privileged_test.go b/client/internal/dns/server_privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a17044cf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/dns/server_privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	pfmock "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/mocks"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/local"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+)
+
+func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
+
+	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
+		{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   53,
+		},
+		{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   53,
+		},
+	}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name                string
+		initUpstreamMap     []handlerWrapper
+		initLocalZones      []nbdns.CustomZone
+		initSerial          uint64
+		inputSerial         uint64
+		inputUpdate         nbdns.Config
+		shouldFail          bool
+		expectedUpstreamMap []handlerWrapper
+		expectedLocalQs     []dns.Question
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "Initial Config Should Succeed",
+			initUpstreamMap: nil,
+			initSerial:      0,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+						Records: zoneRecords,
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+					},
+					{
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+						Primary:     true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: []handlerWrapper{
+				{
+					domain:   "netbird.io",
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+				{
+					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
+					priority: PriorityLocal,
+				},
+				{
+					domain:   nbdns.RootZone,
+					priority: PriorityDefault,
+				},
+			},
+			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: "peera.netbird.cloud.", Qtype: dns.TypeA, Qclass: dns.ClassINET}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "New Config Should Succeed",
+			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
+			initUpstreamMap: []handlerWrapper{
+				{
+					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
+					handler:  &mockHandler{},
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+			},
+			initSerial:  0,
+			inputSerial: 1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+						Records: zoneRecords,
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: []handlerWrapper{
+				{
+					domain:   "netbird.io",
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+				{
+					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
+					priority: PriorityLocal,
+				},
+			},
+			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: zoneRecords[0].Name, Qtype: 1, Qclass: 1}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Smaller Config Serial Should Be Skipped",
+			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
+			initUpstreamMap: nil,
+			initSerial:      2,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			shouldFail:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Empty NS Group Domain Or Not Primary Element Should Fail",
+			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
+			initUpstreamMap: nil,
+			initSerial:      0,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+						Records: zoneRecords,
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			shouldFail: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Invalid NS Group Nameservers list Should Fail",
+			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
+			initUpstreamMap: nil,
+			initSerial:      0,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+						Records: zoneRecords,
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			shouldFail: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "Invalid Custom Zone Records list Should Skip",
+			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
+			initUpstreamMap: nil,
+			initSerial:      0,
+			inputSerial:     1,
+			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
+				ServiceEnable: true,
+				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+					{
+						Domain: "netbird.cloud",
+					},
+				},
+				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+					{
+						NameServers: nameServers,
+						Primary:     true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: []handlerWrapper{{
+				domain:   ".",
+				priority: PriorityDefault,
+			}},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Empty Config Should Succeed and Clean Maps",
+			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
+			initUpstreamMap: []handlerWrapper{
+				{
+					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
+					handler:  &mockHandler{},
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+			},
+			initSerial:          0,
+			inputSerial:         1,
+			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: true},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: nil,
+			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Disabled Service Should clean map",
+			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
+			initUpstreamMap: []handlerWrapper{
+				{
+					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
+					handler:  &mockHandler{},
+					priority: PriorityUpstream,
+				},
+			},
+			initSerial:          0,
+			inputSerial:         1,
+			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: false},
+			expectedUpstreamMap: nil,
+			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for n, testCase := range testCases {
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			privKey, _ := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
+			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
+				IFaceName:    fmt.Sprintf("utun230%d", n),
+				Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(fmt.Sprintf("100.66.100.%d/32", n+1)),
+				WGPort:       33100,
+				WGPrivKey:    privKey.String(),
+				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+				TransportNet: newNet,
+			}
+
+			wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(opts)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			err = wgIface.Create()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				err = wgIface.Close()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Log(err)
+				}
+			}()
+			dnsServer, err := NewDefaultServer(context.Background(), DefaultServerConfig{
+				WgInterface:    wgIface,
+				CustomAddress:  "",
+				StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
+				StateManager:   nil,
+				DisableSys:     false,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			err = dnsServer.Initialize()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			defer func() {
+				err = dnsServer.hostManager.restoreHostDNS()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Log(err)
+				}
+			}()
+
+			dnsServer.dnsMuxHandlers = testCase.initUpstreamMap
+			dnsServer.localResolver.Update(testCase.initLocalZones)
+			dnsServer.updateSerial = testCase.initSerial
+
+			err = dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(testCase.inputSerial, testCase.inputUpdate)
+			if err != nil {
+				if testCase.shouldFail {
+					return
+				}
+				t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if len(dnsServer.dnsMuxHandlers) != len(testCase.expectedUpstreamMap) {
+				t.Fatalf("update upstream failed, map size is different than expected, want %d, got %d", len(testCase.expectedUpstreamMap), len(dnsServer.dnsMuxHandlers))
+			}
+
+			for _, expected := range testCase.expectedUpstreamMap {
+				found := false
+				for _, got := range dnsServer.dnsMuxHandlers {
+					if got.domain == expected.domain && got.priority == expected.priority {
+						found = true
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				if !found {
+					t.Fatalf("update upstream failed, handler for domain=%s priority=%d not found in dnsMuxHandlers: %#v", expected.domain, expected.priority, dnsServer.dnsMuxHandlers)
+				}
+			}
+
+			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
+			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+					responseMSG = m
+					return nil
+				},
+			}
+			for _, q := range testCase.expectedLocalQs {
+				dnsServer.localResolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, &dns.Msg{
+					Question: []dns.Question{q},
+				})
+			}
+
+			if len(testCase.expectedLocalQs) > 0 {
+				assert.NotNil(t, responseMSG, "response message should not be nil")
+				assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, responseMSG.Rcode, "response code should be success")
+				assert.NotEmpty(t, responseMSG.Answer, "response message should have answers")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDNSFakeResolverHandleUpdates(t *testing.T) {
+	ov := os.Getenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED")
+	defer t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", ov)
+
+	t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", "true")
+	newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), []string{"utun2301"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("create stdnet: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	privKey, _ := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
+		IFaceName:    "utun2301",
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.66.100.1/32"),
+		WGPort:       33100,
+		WGPrivKey:    privKey.String(),
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+		TransportNet: newNet,
+	}
+	wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("build interface wireguard: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = wgIface.Create()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("create and init wireguard interface: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err = wgIface.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("close wireguard interface: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	packetfilter := pfmock.NewMockPacketFilter(ctrl)
+	packetfilter.EXPECT().FilterOutbound(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+	packetfilter.EXPECT().SetUDPPacketHook(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+	packetfilter.EXPECT().SetTCPPacketHook(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+
+	if err := wgIface.SetFilter(packetfilter); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("set packet filter: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	dnsServer, err := NewDefaultServer(context.Background(), DefaultServerConfig{
+		WgInterface:    wgIface,
+		CustomAddress:  "",
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
+		StateManager:   nil,
+		DisableSys:     false,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("create DNS server: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = dnsServer.Initialize()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("run DNS server: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err = dnsServer.hostManager.restoreHostDNS(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("restore DNS settings on the host: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	dnsServer.dnsMuxHandlers = []handlerWrapper{
+		{
+			domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
+			handler:  &local.Resolver{},
+			priority: PriorityUpstream,
+		},
+	}
+	dnsServer.localResolver.Update([]nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}})
+	dnsServer.updateSerial = 0
+
+	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
+		{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   53,
+		},
+		{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   53,
+		},
+	}
+
+	update := nbdns.Config{
+		ServiceEnable: true,
+		CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+			{
+				Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
+				Records: zoneRecords,
+			},
+		},
+		NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+			{
+				Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
+				NameServers: nameServers,
+			},
+			{
+				NameServers: nameServers,
+				Primary:     true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Start the server with regular configuration
+	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(1, update); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	update2 := update
+	update2.ServiceEnable = false
+	// Disable the server, stop the listener
+	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(2, update2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	update3 := update2
+	update3.NameServerGroups = update3.NameServerGroups[:1]
+	// But service still get updates and we checking that we handle
+	// internal state in the right way
+	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(3, update3); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/server_test.go b/client/internal/dns/server_test.go
index f77f6e898..0144a4a8b 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/server_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/server_test.go
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"strings"
+	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/mock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/configurer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
-	pfmock "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/mocks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/local"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
@@ -31,8 +30,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
@@ -101,480 +102,6 @@ func init() {
 	formatter.SetTextFormatter(log.StandardLogger())
 }
 
-func generateDummyHandler(domain string, servers []nbdns.NameServer) *upstreamResolverBase {
-	var srvs []netip.AddrPort
-	for _, srv := range servers {
-		srvs = append(srvs, srv.AddrPort())
-	}
-	return &upstreamResolverBase{
-		domain:          domain,
-		upstreamServers: srvs,
-		cancel:          func() {},
-	}
-}
-
-func TestUpdateDNSServer(t *testing.T) {
-
-	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
-		{
-			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
-			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
-			Port:   53,
-		},
-		{
-			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4"),
-			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
-			Port:   53,
-		},
-	}
-
-	dummyHandler := local.NewResolver()
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name                string
-		initUpstreamMap     registeredHandlerMap
-		initLocalZones      []nbdns.CustomZone
-		initSerial          uint64
-		inputSerial         uint64
-		inputUpdate         nbdns.Config
-		shouldFail          bool
-		expectedUpstreamMap registeredHandlerMap
-		expectedLocalQs     []dns.Question
-	}{
-		{
-			name:            "Initial Config Should Succeed",
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      0,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-						Records: zoneRecords,
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-					},
-					{
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-						Primary:     true,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.io",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-				dummyHandler.ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityLocal,
-				},
-				generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   nbdns.RootZone,
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityDefault,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: "peera.netbird.cloud.", Qtype: dns.TypeA, Qclass: dns.ClassINET}},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "New Config Should Succeed",
-			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: 1, Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
-			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-			},
-			initSerial:  0,
-			inputSerial: 1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-						Records: zoneRecords,
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler("netbird.io", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.io",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-				"local-resolver": handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   "netbird.cloud",
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityLocal,
-				},
-			},
-			expectedLocalQs: []dns.Question{{Name: zoneRecords[0].Name, Qtype: 1, Qclass: 1}},
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "Smaller Config Serial Should Be Skipped",
-			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      2,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			shouldFail:      true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "Empty NS Group Domain Or Not Primary Element Should Fail",
-			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      0,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-						Records: zoneRecords,
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			shouldFail: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "Invalid NS Group Nameservers list Should Fail",
-			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      0,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-						Records: zoneRecords,
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			shouldFail: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:            "Invalid Custom Zone Records list Should Skip",
-			initLocalZones:  []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-			initUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			initSerial:      0,
-			inputSerial:     1,
-			inputUpdate: nbdns.Config{
-				ServiceEnable: true,
-				CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-					{
-						Domain: "netbird.cloud",
-					},
-				},
-				NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-					{
-						NameServers: nameServers,
-						Primary:     true,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{generateDummyHandler(".", nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-				domain:   ".",
-				handler:  dummyHandler,
-				priority: PriorityDefault,
-			}},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Empty Config Should Succeed and Clean Maps",
-			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
-			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-			},
-			initSerial:          0,
-			inputSerial:         1,
-			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: true},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Disabled Service Should clean map",
-			initLocalZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}},
-			initUpstreamMap: registeredHandlerMap{
-				generateDummyHandler(zoneRecords[0].Name, nameServers).ID(): handlerWrapper{
-					domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
-					handler:  dummyHandler,
-					priority: PriorityUpstream,
-				},
-			},
-			initSerial:          0,
-			inputSerial:         1,
-			inputUpdate:         nbdns.Config{ServiceEnable: false},
-			expectedUpstreamMap: make(registeredHandlerMap),
-			expectedLocalQs:     []dns.Question{},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for n, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			privKey, _ := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
-			newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-
-			opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
-				IFaceName:    fmt.Sprintf("utun230%d", n),
-				Address:      fmt.Sprintf("100.66.100.%d/32", n+1),
-				WGPort:       33100,
-				WGPrivKey:    privKey.String(),
-				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-				TransportNet: newNet,
-			}
-
-			wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(opts)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			err = wgIface.Create()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			defer func() {
-				err = wgIface.Close()
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Log(err)
-				}
-			}()
-			dnsServer, err := NewDefaultServer(context.Background(), DefaultServerConfig{
-				WgInterface:    wgIface,
-				CustomAddress:  "",
-				StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
-				StateManager:   nil,
-				DisableSys:     false,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			err = dnsServer.Initialize()
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			defer func() {
-				err = dnsServer.hostManager.restoreHostDNS()
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Log(err)
-				}
-			}()
-
-			dnsServer.dnsMuxMap = testCase.initUpstreamMap
-			dnsServer.localResolver.Update(testCase.initLocalZones)
-			dnsServer.updateSerial = testCase.initSerial
-
-			err = dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(testCase.inputSerial, testCase.inputUpdate)
-			if err != nil {
-				if testCase.shouldFail {
-					return
-				}
-				t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			if len(dnsServer.dnsMuxMap) != len(testCase.expectedUpstreamMap) {
-				t.Fatalf("update upstream failed, map size is different than expected, want %d, got %d", len(testCase.expectedUpstreamMap), len(dnsServer.dnsMuxMap))
-			}
-
-			for key := range testCase.expectedUpstreamMap {
-				_, found := dnsServer.dnsMuxMap[key]
-				if !found {
-					t.Fatalf("update upstream failed, key %s was not found in the dnsMuxMap: %#v", key, dnsServer.dnsMuxMap)
-				}
-			}
-
-			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
-			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
-				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
-					responseMSG = m
-					return nil
-				},
-			}
-			for _, q := range testCase.expectedLocalQs {
-				dnsServer.localResolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, &dns.Msg{
-					Question: []dns.Question{q},
-				})
-			}
-
-			if len(testCase.expectedLocalQs) > 0 {
-				assert.NotNil(t, responseMSG, "response message should not be nil")
-				assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, responseMSG.Rcode, "response code should be success")
-				assert.NotEmpty(t, responseMSG.Answer, "response message should have answers")
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestDNSFakeResolverHandleUpdates(t *testing.T) {
-	ov := os.Getenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED")
-	defer t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", ov)
-
-	t.Setenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED", "true")
-	newNet, err := stdnet.NewNet(context.Background(), []string{"utun2301"})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("create stdnet: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	privKey, _ := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
-		IFaceName:    "utun2301",
-		Address:      "100.66.100.1/32",
-		WGPort:       33100,
-		WGPrivKey:    privKey.String(),
-		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-		TransportNet: newNet,
-	}
-	wgIface, err := iface.NewWGIFace(opts)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("build interface wireguard: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	err = wgIface.Create()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("create and init wireguard interface: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err = wgIface.Close(); err != nil {
-			t.Logf("close wireguard interface: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-	defer ctrl.Finish()
-
-	packetfilter := pfmock.NewMockPacketFilter(ctrl)
-	packetfilter.EXPECT().FilterOutbound(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
-	packetfilter.EXPECT().SetUDPPacketHook(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
-	packetfilter.EXPECT().SetTCPPacketHook(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
-
-	if err := wgIface.SetFilter(packetfilter); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("set packet filter: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	dnsServer, err := NewDefaultServer(context.Background(), DefaultServerConfig{
-		WgInterface:    wgIface,
-		CustomAddress:  "",
-		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
-		StateManager:   nil,
-		DisableSys:     false,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("create DNS server: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	err = dnsServer.Initialize()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("run DNS server: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err = dnsServer.hostManager.restoreHostDNS(); err != nil {
-			t.Logf("restore DNS settings on the host: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-
-	dnsServer.dnsMuxMap = registeredHandlerMap{
-		"id1": handlerWrapper{
-			domain:   zoneRecords[0].Name,
-			handler:  &local.Resolver{},
-			priority: PriorityUpstream,
-		},
-	}
-	dnsServer.localResolver.Update([]nbdns.CustomZone{{Domain: "netbird.cloud", Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{{Name: "netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"}}}})
-	dnsServer.updateSerial = 0
-
-	nameServers := []nbdns.NameServer{
-		{
-			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
-			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
-			Port:   53,
-		},
-		{
-			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4"),
-			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
-			Port:   53,
-		},
-	}
-
-	update := nbdns.Config{
-		ServiceEnable: true,
-		CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-			{
-				Domain:  "netbird.cloud",
-				Records: zoneRecords,
-			},
-		},
-		NameServerGroups: []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-			{
-				Domains:     []string{"netbird.io"},
-				NameServers: nameServers,
-			},
-			{
-				NameServers: nameServers,
-				Primary:     true,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	// Start the server with regular configuration
-	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(1, update); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	update2 := update
-	update2.ServiceEnable = false
-	// Disable the server, stop the listener
-	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(2, update2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	update3 := update2
-	update3.NameServerGroups = update3.NameServerGroups[:1]
-	// But service still get updates and we checking that we handle
-	// internal state in the right way
-	if err := dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(3, update3); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("update dns server should not fail, got error: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-}
-
 func TestDNSServerStartStop(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name     string
@@ -653,74 +180,8 @@ func TestDNSServerStartStop(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestDNSServerUpstreamDeactivateCallback(t *testing.T) {
-	hostManager := &mockHostConfigurator{}
-	server := DefaultServer{
-		ctx:           context.Background(),
-		service:       NewServiceViaMemory(&mocWGIface{}),
-		localResolver: local.NewResolver(),
-		handlerChain:  NewHandlerChain(),
-		hostManager:   hostManager,
-		currentConfig: HostDNSConfig{
-			Domains: []DomainConfig{
-				{false, "domain0", false},
-				{false, "domain1", false},
-				{false, "domain2", false},
-			},
-		},
-		statusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
-	}
-
-	var domainsUpdate string
-	hostManager.applyDNSConfigFunc = func(config HostDNSConfig, statemanager *statemanager.Manager) error {
-		domains := []string{}
-		for _, item := range config.Domains {
-			if item.Disabled {
-				continue
-			}
-			domains = append(domains, item.Domain)
-		}
-		domainsUpdate = strings.Join(domains, ",")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	deactivate, reactivate := server.upstreamCallbacks(&nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-		Domains: []string{"domain1"},
-		NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{
-			{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.0.0"), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53},
-		},
-	}, nil, 0)
-
-	deactivate(nil)
-	expected := "domain0,domain2"
-	domains := []string{}
-	for _, item := range server.currentConfig.Domains {
-		if item.Disabled {
-			continue
-		}
-		domains = append(domains, item.Domain)
-	}
-	got := strings.Join(domains, ",")
-	if expected != got {
-		t.Errorf("expected domains list: %q, got %q", expected, got)
-	}
-
-	reactivate()
-	expected = "domain0,domain1,domain2"
-	domains = []string{}
-	for _, item := range server.currentConfig.Domains {
-		if item.Disabled {
-			continue
-		}
-		domains = append(domains, item.Domain)
-	}
-	got = strings.Join(domains, ",")
-	if expected != got {
-		t.Errorf("expected domains list: %q, got %q", expected, domainsUpdate)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestDNSPermanent_updateHostDNS_emptyUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	skipUnlessAndroid(t)
 	wgIFace, err := createWgInterfaceWithBind(t)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("failed to initialize wg interface")
@@ -748,6 +209,7 @@ func TestDNSPermanent_updateHostDNS_emptyUpstream(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDNSPermanent_updateUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	skipUnlessAndroid(t)
 	wgIFace, err := createWgInterfaceWithBind(t)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("failed to initialize wg interface")
@@ -841,6 +303,7 @@ func TestDNSPermanent_updateUpstream(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDNSPermanent_matchOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	skipUnlessAndroid(t)
 	wgIFace, err := createWgInterfaceWithBind(t)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal("failed to initialize wg interface")
@@ -913,6 +376,18 @@ func TestDNSPermanent_matchOnly(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// skipUnlessAndroid marks tests that exercise the mobile-permanent DNS path,
+// which only matches a real production setup on android (NewDefaultServerPermanentUpstream
+// + androidHostManager). On non-android the desktop host manager replaces it
+// during Initialize and the assertion stops making sense. Skipped here until we
+// have an android CI runner.
+func skipUnlessAndroid(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS != "android" {
+		t.Skip("requires android runner; mobile-permanent path doesn't match production on this OS")
+	}
+}
+
 func createWgInterfaceWithBind(t *testing.T) (*iface.WGIface, error) {
 	t.Helper()
 	ov := os.Getenv("NB_WG_KERNEL_DISABLED")
@@ -929,7 +404,7 @@ func createWgInterfaceWithBind(t *testing.T) (*iface.WGIface, error) {
 
 	opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    "utun2301",
-		Address:      "100.66.100.2/24",
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.66.100.2/24"),
 		WGPort:       33100,
 		WGPrivKey:    privKey.String(),
 		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
@@ -948,7 +423,7 @@ func createWgInterfaceWithBind(t *testing.T) (*iface.WGIface, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	pf, err := uspfilter.Create(wgIface, false, flowLogger, iface.DefaultMTU)
+	pf, err := uspfilter.Create(uspfilter.Config{IFace: wgIface, FlowLogger: flowLogger, MTU: iface.DefaultMTU})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to create uspfilter: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
@@ -1065,7 +540,6 @@ type mockHandler struct {
 
 func (m *mockHandler) ServeDNS(dns.ResponseWriter, *dns.Msg) {}
 func (m *mockHandler) Stop()                                 {}
-func (m *mockHandler) ProbeAvailability(context.Context)     {}
 func (m *mockHandler) ID() types.HandlerID                   { return types.HandlerID(m.Id) }
 
 type mockService struct{}
@@ -1078,15 +552,15 @@ func (m *mockService) RegisterMux(string, dns.Handler) {}
 func (m *mockService) DeregisterMux(string)            {}
 
 func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
-	baseMatchHandlers := registeredHandlerMap{
-		"upstream-group1": {
+	baseMatchHandlers := []handlerWrapper{
+		{
 			domain: "example.com",
 			handler: &mockHandler{
 				Id: "upstream-group1",
 			},
 			priority: PriorityUpstream,
 		},
-		"upstream-group2": {
+		{
 			domain: "example.com",
 			handler: &mockHandler{
 				Id: "upstream-group2",
@@ -1095,15 +569,15 @@ func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	baseRootHandlers := registeredHandlerMap{
-		"upstream-root1": {
+	baseRootHandlers := []handlerWrapper{
+		{
 			domain: ".",
 			handler: &mockHandler{
 				Id: "upstream-root1",
 			},
 			priority: PriorityDefault,
 		},
-		"upstream-root2": {
+		{
 			domain: ".",
 			handler: &mockHandler{
 				Id: "upstream-root2",
@@ -1112,22 +586,22 @@ func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	baseMixedHandlers := registeredHandlerMap{
-		"upstream-group1": {
+	baseMixedHandlers := []handlerWrapper{
+		{
 			domain: "example.com",
 			handler: &mockHandler{
 				Id: "upstream-group1",
 			},
 			priority: PriorityUpstream,
 		},
-		"upstream-group2": {
+		{
 			domain: "example.com",
 			handler: &mockHandler{
 				Id: "upstream-group2",
 			},
 			priority: PriorityUpstream - 1,
 		},
-		"upstream-other": {
+		{
 			domain: "other.com",
 			handler: &mockHandler{
 				Id: "upstream-other",
@@ -1138,7 +612,7 @@ func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
 
 	tests := []struct {
 		name             string
-		initialHandlers  registeredHandlerMap
+		initialHandlers  []handlerWrapper
 		updates          []handlerWrapper
 		expectedHandlers map[string]string // map[HandlerID]domain
 		description      string
@@ -1422,32 +896,38 @@ func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			server := &DefaultServer{
-				dnsMuxMap:    tt.initialHandlers,
-				handlerChain: NewHandlerChain(),
-				service:      &mockService{},
+				dnsMuxHandlers: tt.initialHandlers,
+				handlerChain:   NewHandlerChain(),
+				service:        &mockService{},
 			}
 
 			// Perform the update
 			server.updateMux(tt.updates)
 
 			// Verify the results
-			assert.Equal(t, len(tt.expectedHandlers), len(server.dnsMuxMap),
+			assert.Equal(t, len(tt.expectedHandlers), len(server.dnsMuxHandlers),
 				"Number of handlers after update doesn't match expected")
 
 			// Check each expected handler
 			for id, expectedDomain := range tt.expectedHandlers {
-				handler, exists := server.dnsMuxMap[types.HandlerID(id)]
-				assert.True(t, exists, "Expected handler %s not found", id)
-				if exists {
-					assert.Equal(t, expectedDomain, handler.domain,
+				var found *handlerWrapper
+				for i := range server.dnsMuxHandlers {
+					if server.dnsMuxHandlers[i].handler.ID() == types.HandlerID(id) {
+						found = &server.dnsMuxHandlers[i]
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				assert.NotNil(t, found, "Expected handler %s not found", id)
+				if found != nil {
+					assert.Equal(t, expectedDomain, found.domain,
 						"Domain mismatch for handler %s", id)
 				}
 			}
 
 			// Verify no unexpected handlers exist
-			for HandlerID := range server.dnsMuxMap {
-				_, expected := tt.expectedHandlers[string(HandlerID)]
-				assert.True(t, expected, "Unexpected handler found: %s", HandlerID)
+			for _, entry := range server.dnsMuxHandlers {
+				_, expected := tt.expectedHandlers[string(entry.handler.ID())]
+				assert.True(t, expected, "Unexpected handler found: %s", entry.handler.ID())
 			}
 
 			// Verify the handlerChain state and order
@@ -1462,7 +942,7 @@ func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
 
 				// Verify handler exists in mux
 				foundInMux := false
-				for _, muxEntry := range server.dnsMuxMap {
+				for _, muxEntry := range server.dnsMuxHandlers {
 					if chainEntry.Handler == muxEntry.handler &&
 						chainEntry.Priority == muxEntry.priority &&
 						chainEntry.Pattern == dns.Fqdn(muxEntry.domain) {
@@ -1471,12 +951,108 @@ func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux(t *testing.T) {
 					}
 				}
 				assert.True(t, foundInMux,
-					"Handler in chain not found in dnsMuxMap")
+					"Handler in chain not found in dnsMuxHandlers")
 			}
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+// chainHasPattern reports whether the handler chain holds an entry registered
+// for the given fqdn pattern at the given priority.
+func chainHasPattern(s *DefaultServer, pattern string, priority int) bool {
+	for _, h := range s.handlerChain.handlers {
+		if h.OrigPattern == pattern && h.Priority == priority {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux_SharedHandlerZoneRemoval verifies that updateMux
+// tracks each (handler, domain) registration independently when one handler
+// serves multiple zones. Every custom zone is served by the same handler
+// instance (the local resolver, whose ID is the constant "local-resolver"), so
+// removing one zone must deregister exactly that zone's chain entry and leave
+// the others in place. Tracking registrations by handler ID alone collapses all
+// zones onto one entry, leaving removed zones in the chain to answer
+// authoritatively with no records.
+func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux_SharedHandlerZoneRemoval(t *testing.T) {
+	// One handler serves every custom zone, mirroring s.localResolver.
+	shared := &mockHandler{Id: "local-resolver"}
+
+	server := &DefaultServer{
+		handlerChain: NewHandlerChain(),
+		service:      &mockService{},
+	}
+
+	// Two custom zones under the same handler. The surviving zone is registered
+	// last, mirroring the management emission order.
+	server.updateMux([]handlerWrapper{
+		{domain: "userzone.test", handler: shared, priority: PriorityLocal},
+		{domain: "peerzone.test", handler: shared, priority: PriorityLocal},
+	})
+
+	require.True(t, chainHasPattern(server, "userzone.test.", PriorityLocal),
+		"userzone.test should be registered after the first update")
+	require.True(t, chainHasPattern(server, "peerzone.test.", PriorityLocal),
+		"peerzone.test should be registered after the first update")
+
+	// Remove one zone, keep the other.
+	server.updateMux([]handlerWrapper{
+		{domain: "peerzone.test", handler: shared, priority: PriorityLocal},
+	})
+
+	assert.True(t, chainHasPattern(server, "peerzone.test.", PriorityLocal),
+		"peerzone.test should remain after removing userzone.test")
+	assert.False(t, chainHasPattern(server, "userzone.test.", PriorityLocal),
+		"userzone.test handler must be deregistered, not leaked in the chain")
+}
+
+// TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux_PreservesLocalResolver verifies that updateMux
+// does not tear down the shared local resolver during reconfiguration. The
+// resolver is a process-lifetime singleton reused across config updates;
+// Stop() cancels its lookup context (breaking external CNAME-target
+// resolution) and clears its records. updateMux must deregister its chain
+// entries without stopping it. Records surviving a teardown update is the
+// observable proxy: Stop() would have cleared them.
+func TestDefaultServer_UpdateMux_PreservesLocalResolver(t *testing.T) {
+	resolver := local.NewResolver()
+	require.NoError(t, resolver.RegisterRecord(nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "peer.netbird.cloud.",
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   300,
+		RData: "10.0.0.1",
+	}))
+
+	server := &DefaultServer{
+		handlerChain:  NewHandlerChain(),
+		service:       &mockService{},
+		localResolver: resolver,
+	}
+
+	server.updateMux([]handlerWrapper{
+		{domain: "netbird.cloud", handler: resolver, priority: PriorityLocal},
+	})
+
+	// Remove the zone. The resolver must survive so its records and lookup
+	// context stay intact for the next registration.
+	server.updateMux(nil)
+
+	var response *dns.Msg
+	resolver.ServeDNS(&test.MockResponseWriter{
+		WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+			response = m
+			return nil
+		},
+	}, &dns.Msg{Question: []dns.Question{{Name: "peer.netbird.cloud.", Qtype: dns.TypeA, Qclass: dns.ClassINET}}})
+
+	require.NotNil(t, response, "local resolver should answer after teardown")
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, response.Rcode,
+		"local resolver records must survive teardown; updateMux must not Stop() the shared resolver")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, response.Answer, "answer should contain the surviving record")
+}
+
 func TestExtraDomains(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name                string
@@ -2085,6 +1661,619 @@ func TestLocalResolverPriorityConstants(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "local.example.com", localMuxUpdates[0].domain)
 }
 
+// TestBuildUpstreamHandler_MergesGroupsPerDomain verifies that multiple
+// admin-defined nameserver groups targeting the same domain collapse into a
+// single handler with each group preserved as a sequential inner list.
+func TestBuildUpstreamHandler_MergesGroupsPerDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	wgInterface := &mocWGIface{}
+	service := NewServiceViaMemory(wgInterface)
+	server := &DefaultServer{
+		ctx:           context.Background(),
+		wgInterface:   wgInterface,
+		service:       service,
+		localResolver: local.NewResolver(),
+		handlerChain:  NewHandlerChain(),
+		hostManager:   &noopHostConfigurator{},
+	}
+
+	groups := []*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+		{
+			NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{
+				{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53},
+			},
+			Domains: []string{"example.com"},
+		},
+		{
+			NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{
+				{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.2"), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53},
+				{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.3"), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53},
+			},
+			Domains: []string{"example.com"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	muxUpdates, err := server.buildUpstreamHandlerUpdate(groups)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, muxUpdates, 1, "same-domain groups should merge into one handler")
+	assert.Equal(t, "example.com", muxUpdates[0].domain)
+	assert.Equal(t, PriorityUpstream, muxUpdates[0].priority)
+
+	handler := muxUpdates[0].handler.(*upstreamResolver)
+	require.Len(t, handler.upstreamServers, 2, "handler should have two groups")
+	assert.Equal(t, upstreamRace{netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.1:53")}, handler.upstreamServers[0])
+	assert.Equal(t, upstreamRace{
+		netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.2:53"),
+		netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.3:53"),
+	}, handler.upstreamServers[1])
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateNSGroupHealth covers the records-only verdict. The gate
+// (overlay route selected-but-no-active-peer) is intentionally NOT an
+// input to the evaluator anymore: the verdict drives the Enabled flag,
+// which must always reflect what we actually observed. Gate-aware event
+// suppression is tested separately in the projection test.
+//
+// Matrix per upstream: {no record, fresh Ok, fresh Fail, stale Fail,
+// stale Ok, Ok newer than Fail, Fail newer than Ok}.
+// Group verdict: any fresh-working → Healthy; any fresh-broken with no
+// fresh-working → Unhealthy; otherwise Undecided.
+func TestEvaluateNSGroupHealth(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	a := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.1:53")
+	b := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.2:53")
+
+	recentOk := UpstreamHealth{LastOk: now.Add(-2 * time.Second)}
+	recentFail := UpstreamHealth{LastFail: now.Add(-1 * time.Second), LastErr: "timeout"}
+	staleOk := UpstreamHealth{LastOk: now.Add(-10 * time.Minute)}
+	staleFail := UpstreamHealth{LastFail: now.Add(-10 * time.Minute), LastErr: "timeout"}
+	okThenFail := UpstreamHealth{
+		LastOk:   now.Add(-10 * time.Second),
+		LastFail: now.Add(-1 * time.Second),
+		LastErr:  "timeout",
+	}
+	failThenOk := UpstreamHealth{
+		LastOk:   now.Add(-1 * time.Second),
+		LastFail: now.Add(-10 * time.Second),
+		LastErr:  "timeout",
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		health       map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth
+		servers      []netip.AddrPort
+		wantVerdict  nsGroupVerdict
+		wantErrSubst string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "no record, undecided",
+			servers:     []netip.AddrPort{a},
+			wantVerdict: nsVerdictUndecided,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "fresh success, healthy",
+			health:      map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{a: recentOk},
+			servers:     []netip.AddrPort{a},
+			wantVerdict: nsVerdictHealthy,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "fresh failure, unhealthy",
+			health:       map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{a: recentFail},
+			servers:      []netip.AddrPort{a},
+			wantVerdict:  nsVerdictUnhealthy,
+			wantErrSubst: "timeout",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "only stale success, undecided",
+			health:      map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{a: staleOk},
+			servers:     []netip.AddrPort{a},
+			wantVerdict: nsVerdictUndecided,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "only stale failure, undecided",
+			health:      map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{a: staleFail},
+			servers:     []netip.AddrPort{a},
+			wantVerdict: nsVerdictUndecided,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "both fresh, fail newer, unhealthy",
+			health:       map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{a: okThenFail},
+			servers:      []netip.AddrPort{a},
+			wantVerdict:  nsVerdictUnhealthy,
+			wantErrSubst: "timeout",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "both fresh, ok newer, healthy",
+			health:      map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{a: failThenOk},
+			servers:     []netip.AddrPort{a},
+			wantVerdict: nsVerdictHealthy,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "two upstreams, one success wins",
+			health: map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{
+				a: recentFail,
+				b: recentOk,
+			},
+			servers:     []netip.AddrPort{a, b},
+			wantVerdict: nsVerdictHealthy,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "two upstreams, one fail one unseen, unhealthy",
+			health: map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{
+				a: recentFail,
+			},
+			servers:      []netip.AddrPort{a, b},
+			wantVerdict:  nsVerdictUnhealthy,
+			wantErrSubst: "timeout",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "two upstreams, all recent failures, unhealthy",
+			health: map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{
+				a: {LastFail: now.Add(-5 * time.Second), LastErr: "timeout"},
+				b: {LastFail: now.Add(-1 * time.Second), LastErr: "SERVFAIL"},
+			},
+			servers:      []netip.AddrPort{a, b},
+			wantVerdict:  nsVerdictUnhealthy,
+			wantErrSubst: "SERVFAIL",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			verdict, err := evaluateNSGroupHealth(tc.health, tc.servers, now)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantVerdict, verdict, "verdict mismatch")
+			if tc.wantErrSubst != "" {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tc.wantErrSubst)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// healthStubHandler is a minimal dnsMuxHandlers entry that exposes a fixed
+// UpstreamHealth snapshot, letting tests drive recomputeNSGroupStates
+// without spinning up real handlers.
+type healthStubHandler struct {
+	health map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth
+}
+
+func (h *healthStubHandler) ServeDNS(dns.ResponseWriter, *dns.Msg) {}
+func (h *healthStubHandler) Stop()                                 {}
+func (h *healthStubHandler) ID() types.HandlerID                   { return "health-stub" }
+func (h *healthStubHandler) UpstreamHealth() map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth {
+	return h.health
+}
+
+// TestProjection_SteadyStateIsSilent guards against duplicate events:
+// while a group stays Unhealthy tick after tick, only the first
+// Unhealthy transition may emit. Same for staying Healthy.
+func TestProjection_SteadyStateIsSilent(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newProjTestFixture(t)
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("unreachable", "first fail emits warning")
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectNoEvent("staying unhealthy must not re-emit")
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastOk: time.Now()})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("recovered", "recovery on transition")
+
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectNoEvent("staying healthy must not re-emit")
+}
+
+// projTestFixture is the common setup for the projection tests: a
+// single-upstream group whose route classification the test can flip by
+// assigning to selected/active. Callers drive failures/successes by
+// mutating stub.health and calling refreshHealth.
+type projTestFixture struct {
+	t        *testing.T
+	recorder *peer.Status
+	events   <-chan *proto.SystemEvent
+	server   *DefaultServer
+	stub     *healthStubHandler
+	group    *nbdns.NameServerGroup
+	srv      netip.AddrPort
+	selected route.HAMap
+	active   route.HAMap
+}
+
+func newProjTestFixture(t *testing.T) *projTestFixture {
+	t.Helper()
+	recorder := peer.NewRecorder("mgm")
+	sub := recorder.SubscribeToEvents()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { recorder.UnsubscribeFromEvents(sub) })
+
+	srv := netip.MustParseAddrPort("100.64.0.1:53")
+	fx := &projTestFixture{
+		t:        t,
+		recorder: recorder,
+		events:   sub.Events(),
+		stub:     &healthStubHandler{health: map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{}},
+		srv:      srv,
+		group: &nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+			Domains:     []string{"example.com"},
+			NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{{IP: srv.Addr(), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: int(srv.Port())}},
+		},
+	}
+	fx.server = &DefaultServer{
+		ctx:              context.Background(),
+		wgInterface:      &mocWGIface{},
+		statusRecorder:   recorder,
+		selectedRoutes:   func() route.HAMap { return fx.selected },
+		activeRoutes:     func() route.HAMap { return fx.active },
+		warningDelayBase: defaultWarningDelayBase,
+	}
+	fx.server.dnsMuxHandlers = []handlerWrapper{{domain: "example.com", handler: fx.stub, priority: PriorityUpstream}}
+
+	fx.server.mux.Lock()
+	fx.server.updateNSGroupStates([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup{fx.group})
+	fx.server.mux.Unlock()
+	return fx
+}
+
+func (f *projTestFixture) setHealth(h UpstreamHealth) {
+	f.stub.health = map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{f.srv: h}
+}
+
+func (f *projTestFixture) tick() []peer.NSGroupState {
+	f.server.refreshHealth()
+	return f.recorder.GetDNSStates()
+}
+
+func (f *projTestFixture) expectNoEvent(why string) {
+	f.t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case evt := <-f.events:
+		f.t.Fatalf("unexpected event (%s): %+v", why, evt)
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *projTestFixture) expectEvent(substr, why string) *proto.SystemEvent {
+	f.t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case evt := <-f.events:
+		assert.Contains(f.t, evt.Message, substr, why)
+		return evt
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		f.t.Fatalf("expected event (%s) with %q", why, substr)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+var overlayNetForTest = netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16")
+var overlayMapForTest = route.HAMap{"overlay": {{Network: overlayNetForTest}}}
+
+// TestProjection_PublicFailEmitsImmediately covers rule 1: an upstream
+// that is not inside any selected route (public DNS) fires the warning
+// on the first Unhealthy tick, no grace period.
+func TestProjection_PublicFailEmitsImmediately(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newProjTestFixture(t)
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	states := fx.tick()
+	require.Len(t, states, 1)
+	assert.False(t, states[0].Enabled)
+	fx.expectEvent("unreachable", "public DNS failure")
+}
+
+// TestProjection_OverlayConnectedFailEmitsImmediately covers rule 2:
+// the upstream is inside a selected route AND the route has a Connected
+// peer. Tunnel is up, failure is real, emit immediately.
+func TestProjection_OverlayConnectedFailEmitsImmediately(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newProjTestFixture(t)
+	fx.selected = overlayMapForTest
+	fx.active = overlayMapForTest
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	states := fx.tick()
+	require.Len(t, states, 1)
+	assert.False(t, states[0].Enabled)
+	fx.expectEvent("unreachable", "overlay + connected failure")
+}
+
+// TestProjection_OverlayNotConnectedDelaysWarning covers rule 3: the
+// upstream is routed but no peer is Connected (Connecting/Idle/missing).
+// First tick: Unhealthy display, no warning. After the grace window
+// elapses with no recovery, the warning fires.
+func TestProjection_OverlayNotConnectedDelaysWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	grace := 50 * time.Millisecond
+	fx := newProjTestFixture(t)
+	fx.server.warningDelayBase = grace
+	fx.selected = overlayMapForTest
+	// active stays nil: routed but not connected.
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	states := fx.tick()
+	require.Len(t, states, 1)
+	assert.False(t, states[0].Enabled, "display must reflect failure even during grace window")
+	fx.expectNoEvent("first fail tick within grace window")
+
+	time.Sleep(grace + 10*time.Millisecond)
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("unreachable", "warning after grace window")
+}
+
+// TestProjection_OverlayAddrNoRouteDelaysWarning covers an upstream
+// whose address is inside the WireGuard overlay range but is not
+// covered by any selected route (peer-to-peer DNS without an explicit
+// route). Until a peer reports Connected for that address, startup
+// failures must be held just like the routed case.
+func TestProjection_OverlayAddrNoRouteDelaysWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := peer.NewRecorder("mgm")
+	sub := recorder.SubscribeToEvents()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { recorder.UnsubscribeFromEvents(sub) })
+
+	overlayPeer := netip.MustParseAddrPort("100.66.100.5:53")
+	server := &DefaultServer{
+		ctx:              context.Background(),
+		wgInterface:      &mocWGIface{},
+		statusRecorder:   recorder,
+		selectedRoutes:   func() route.HAMap { return nil },
+		activeRoutes:     func() route.HAMap { return nil },
+		warningDelayBase: 50 * time.Millisecond,
+	}
+	group := &nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+		Domains:     []string{"example.com"},
+		NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{{IP: overlayPeer.Addr(), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: int(overlayPeer.Port())}},
+	}
+	stub := &healthStubHandler{health: map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{
+		overlayPeer: {LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"},
+	}}
+	server.dnsMuxHandlers = []handlerWrapper{{domain: "example.com", handler: stub, priority: PriorityUpstream}}
+
+	server.mux.Lock()
+	server.updateNSGroupStates([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup{group})
+	server.mux.Unlock()
+	server.refreshHealth()
+
+	select {
+	case evt := <-sub.Events():
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected event during grace window: %+v", evt)
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(60 * time.Millisecond)
+	stub.health = map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{overlayPeer: {LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"}}
+	server.refreshHealth()
+
+	select {
+	case evt := <-sub.Events():
+		assert.Contains(t, evt.Message, "unreachable")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected warning after grace window")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProjection_StopClearsHealthState verifies that Stop wipes the
+// per-group projection state so a subsequent Start doesn't inherit
+// sticky flags (notably everHealthy) that would bypass the grace
+// window during the next peer handshake.
+func TestProjection_StopClearsHealthState(t *testing.T) {
+	wgIface := &mocWGIface{}
+	server := &DefaultServer{
+		ctx:               context.Background(),
+		wgInterface:       wgIface,
+		service:           NewServiceViaMemory(wgIface),
+		hostManager:       &noopHostConfigurator{},
+		extraDomains:      map[domain.Domain]int{},
+		statusRecorder:    peer.NewRecorder("mgm"),
+		selectedRoutes:    func() route.HAMap { return nil },
+		activeRoutes:      func() route.HAMap { return nil },
+		warningDelayBase:  defaultWarningDelayBase,
+		currentConfigHash: ^uint64(0),
+	}
+	server.ctx, server.ctxCancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	srv := netip.MustParseAddrPort("8.8.8.8:53")
+	group := &nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+		Domains:     []string{"example.com"},
+		NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{{IP: srv.Addr(), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: int(srv.Port())}},
+	}
+	stub := &healthStubHandler{health: map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{srv: {LastOk: time.Now()}}}
+	server.dnsMuxHandlers = []handlerWrapper{{domain: "example.com", handler: stub, priority: PriorityUpstream}}
+
+	server.mux.Lock()
+	server.updateNSGroupStates([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup{group})
+	server.mux.Unlock()
+	server.refreshHealth()
+
+	server.healthProjectMu.Lock()
+	p, ok := server.nsGroupProj[generateGroupKey(group)]
+	server.healthProjectMu.Unlock()
+	require.True(t, ok, "projection state should exist after tick")
+	require.True(t, p.everHealthy, "tick with success must set everHealthy")
+
+	server.Stop()
+
+	server.healthProjectMu.Lock()
+	cleared := server.nsGroupProj == nil
+	server.healthProjectMu.Unlock()
+	assert.True(t, cleared, "Stop must clear nsGroupProj")
+}
+
+// TestProjection_OverlayRecoversDuringGrace covers the happy path of
+// rule 3: startup failures while the peer is handshaking, then the peer
+// comes up and a query succeeds before the grace window elapses. No
+// warning should ever have fired, and no recovery either.
+func TestWarningDelayBaseFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		set  bool
+		val  string
+		want time.Duration
+	}{
+		{name: "unset uses default", set: false, want: defaultWarningDelayBase},
+		{name: "valid override", set: true, val: "90s", want: 90 * time.Second},
+		{name: "valid minutes", set: true, val: "2m", want: 2 * time.Minute},
+		{name: "invalid falls back", set: true, val: "notaduration", want: defaultWarningDelayBase},
+		{name: "zero falls back", set: true, val: "0s", want: defaultWarningDelayBase},
+		{name: "negative falls back", set: true, val: "-30s", want: defaultWarningDelayBase},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(envWarningDelay, tc.val)
+			if !tc.set {
+				os.Unsetenv(envWarningDelay)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, warningDelayBaseFromEnv(), "grace window base")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProjection_OverlayRecoversDuringGrace(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newProjTestFixture(t)
+	fx.server.warningDelayBase = 200 * time.Millisecond
+	fx.selected = overlayMapForTest
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectNoEvent("fail within grace, warning suppressed")
+
+	fx.active = overlayMapForTest
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastOk: time.Now()})
+	states := fx.tick()
+	require.Len(t, states, 1)
+	assert.True(t, states[0].Enabled)
+	fx.expectNoEvent("recovery without prior warning must not emit")
+}
+
+// TestProjection_RecoveryOnlyAfterWarning enforces the invariant the
+// whole design leans on: recovery events only appear when a warning
+// event was actually emitted for the current streak. A Healthy verdict
+// without a prior warning is silent, so the user never sees "recovered"
+// out of thin air.
+func TestProjection_RecoveryOnlyAfterWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newProjTestFixture(t)
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastOk: time.Now()})
+	states := fx.tick()
+	require.Len(t, states, 1)
+	assert.True(t, states[0].Enabled)
+	fx.expectNoEvent("first healthy tick should not recover anything")
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("unreachable", "public fail emits immediately")
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastOk: time.Now()})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("recovered", "recovery follows real warning")
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("unreachable", "second cycle warning")
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastOk: time.Now()})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("recovered", "second cycle recovery")
+}
+
+// TestProjection_EverHealthyOverridesDelay covers rule 4: once a group
+// has ever been Healthy, subsequent failures skip the grace window even
+// if classification says "routed + not connected". The system has
+// proved it can work, so any new failure is real.
+func TestProjection_EverHealthyOverridesDelay(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newProjTestFixture(t)
+	// Large base so any emission must come from the everHealthy bypass, not elapsed time.
+	fx.server.warningDelayBase = time.Hour
+	fx.selected = overlayMapForTest
+	fx.active = overlayMapForTest
+
+	// Establish "ever healthy".
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastOk: time.Now()})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectNoEvent("first healthy tick")
+
+	// Peer drops. Query fails. Routed + not connected → normally grace,
+	// but everHealthy flag bypasses it.
+	fx.active = nil
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("unreachable", "failure after ever-healthy must be immediate")
+}
+
+// TestProjection_ReconnectBlipEmitsPair covers the explicit tradeoff
+// from the design discussion: once a group has been healthy, a brief
+// reconnect that produces a failing tick will fire warning + recovery.
+// This is by design: user-visible blips are accurate signal, not noise.
+func TestProjection_ReconnectBlipEmitsPair(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newProjTestFixture(t)
+	fx.selected = overlayMapForTest
+	fx.active = overlayMapForTest
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastOk: time.Now()})
+	fx.tick()
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("unreachable", "blip warning")
+
+	fx.setHealth(UpstreamHealth{LastOk: time.Now()})
+	fx.tick()
+	fx.expectEvent("recovered", "blip recovery")
+}
+
+// TestProjection_MixedGroupEmitsImmediately covers the multi-upstream
+// rule: a group with at least one public upstream is in the "immediate"
+// category regardless of the other upstreams' routing, because the
+// public one has no peer-startup excuse. Prevents public-DNS failures
+// from being hidden behind a routed sibling.
+func TestProjection_MixedGroupEmitsImmediately(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := peer.NewRecorder("mgm")
+	sub := recorder.SubscribeToEvents()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { recorder.UnsubscribeFromEvents(sub) })
+	events := sub.Events()
+
+	public := netip.MustParseAddrPort("8.8.8.8:53")
+	overlay := netip.MustParseAddrPort("100.64.0.1:53")
+	overlayMap := route.HAMap{"overlay": {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16")}}}
+
+	server := &DefaultServer{
+		ctx:              context.Background(),
+		statusRecorder:   recorder,
+		selectedRoutes:   func() route.HAMap { return overlayMap },
+		activeRoutes:     func() route.HAMap { return nil },
+		warningDelayBase: time.Hour,
+	}
+	group := &nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+		Domains: []string{"example.com"},
+		NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{
+			{IP: public.Addr(), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: int(public.Port())},
+			{IP: overlay.Addr(), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: int(overlay.Port())},
+		},
+	}
+	stub := &healthStubHandler{
+		health: map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth{
+			public:  {LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "servfail"},
+			overlay: {LastFail: time.Now(), LastErr: "timeout"},
+		},
+	}
+	server.dnsMuxHandlers = []handlerWrapper{{domain: "example.com", handler: stub, priority: PriorityUpstream}}
+
+	server.mux.Lock()
+	server.updateNSGroupStates([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup{group})
+	server.mux.Unlock()
+	server.refreshHealth()
+
+	select {
+	case evt := <-events:
+		assert.Contains(t, evt.Message, "unreachable")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected immediate warning because group contains a public upstream")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDNSLoopPrevention(t *testing.T) {
 	wgInterface := &mocWGIface{}
 	service := NewServiceViaMemory(wgInterface)
@@ -2097,7 +2286,6 @@ func TestDNSLoopPrevention(t *testing.T) {
 		localResolver: local.NewResolver(),
 		handlerChain:  NewHandlerChain(),
 		hostManager:   &noopHostConfigurator{},
-		dnsMuxMap:     make(registeredHandlerMap),
 	}
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -2183,17 +2371,18 @@ func TestDNSLoopPrevention(t *testing.T) {
 
 			if tt.expectedHandlers > 0 {
 				handler := muxUpdates[0].handler.(*upstreamResolver)
-				assert.Len(t, handler.upstreamServers, len(tt.expectedServers))
+				flat := handler.flatUpstreams()
+				assert.Len(t, flat, len(tt.expectedServers))
 
 				if tt.shouldFilterOwnIP {
-					for _, upstream := range handler.upstreamServers {
+					for _, upstream := range flat {
 						assert.NotEqual(t, dnsServerIP, upstream.Addr())
 					}
 				}
 
 				for _, expected := range tt.expectedServers {
 					found := false
-					for _, upstream := range handler.upstreamServers {
+					for _, upstream := range flat {
 						if upstream.Addr() == expected {
 							found = true
 							break
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/service.go b/client/internal/dns/service.go
index 1c6ce7849..04bcd5985 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/service.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/service.go
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ const (
 // This is used when the DNS server cannot bind port 53 directly
 // and needs firewall rules to redirect traffic.
 type Firewall interface {
-	AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error
-	RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, sourcePort, targetPort uint16) error
+	AddOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error
+	RemoveOutputDNAT(localAddr netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, originalPort, translatedPort uint16) error
 }
 
 type service interface {
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/service_listener.go b/client/internal/dns/service_listener.go
index 4e09f1b7f..d65a727b1 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/service_listener.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/service_listener.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -17,17 +18,20 @@ import (
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ebpf"
-	ebpfMgr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ebpf/manager"
 )
 
 const (
 	customPort = 5053
+	// randomPortAttempts bounds the search for a port free on both protocols.
+	randomPortAttempts = 5
 )
 
 var (
 	defaultIP = netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")
 	customIP  = netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.153")
+
+	// dnatProtocols are the protocols the port 53 redirect covers.
+	dnatProtocols = []firewall.Protocol{firewall.ProtocolUDP, firewall.ProtocolTCP}
 )
 
 type serviceViaListener struct {
@@ -40,9 +44,20 @@ type serviceViaListener struct {
 	listenPort        uint16
 	listenerIsRunning bool
 	listenerFlagLock  sync.Mutex
-	ebpfService       ebpfMgr.Manager
 	firewall          Firewall
-	tcpDNATConfigured bool
+	// dnatRules holds the port 53 redirects that are installed and not yet
+	// removed, so a removal that fails can be retried.
+	dnatRules []dnatRule
+}
+
+// dnatRule is a port 53 redirect as it was installed. The target is kept with
+// the rule because the listener can come back on a different address or port,
+// and a retried removal has to name the address and port the rule was added
+// with, not the ones in use now.
+type dnatRule struct {
+	protocol firewall.Protocol
+	ip       netip.Addr
+	port     uint16
 }
 
 func newServiceViaListener(wgIface WGIface, customAddr *netip.AddrPort, fw Firewall) *serviceViaListener {
@@ -112,34 +127,93 @@ func (s *serviceViaListener) Listen() error {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	// When eBPF redirects UDP port 53 to our listen port, TCP still needs
-	// a DNAT rule because eBPF only handles UDP.
-	if s.ebpfService != nil && s.firewall != nil && s.listenPort != DefaultPort {
-		if err := s.firewall.AddOutputDNAT(s.listenIP, firewall.ProtocolTCP, DefaultPort, s.listenPort); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to add DNS TCP DNAT rule, TCP DNS on port 53 will not work: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			s.tcpDNATConfigured = true
-			log.Infof("added DNS TCP DNAT rule: %s:%d -> %s:%d", s.listenIP, DefaultPort, s.listenIP, s.listenPort)
-		}
+	if s.listenPort != DefaultPort {
+		s.setupDNAT()
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// setupDNAT redirects port 53 to the port the DNS server actually listens on.
+// Both protocols must be redirected or none: RuntimePort reports port 53 only
+// while the full redirect is in place, so a half-configured redirect would
+// advertise a resolver that answers over one protocol.
+func (s *serviceViaListener) setupDNAT() {
+	if s.firewall == nil {
+		log.Errorf("no firewall manager available to redirect DNS port %d to %d, "+
+			"clients pointed at %s will not reach the resolver", DefaultPort, s.listenPort, s.listenIP)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Clear whatever an earlier removal left behind first. Those rules can point
+	// at an address or port this listener no longer uses, and they are matched
+	// before anything added now, so adding a redirect on top of one would keep
+	// sending port 53 traffic to the previous listener while reporting the
+	// redirect as complete. The rules stay recorded for a later attempt.
+	if err := s.removeDNAT(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to remove stale DNS DNAT rules, leaving port %d redirected to the previous listener: %v",
+			DefaultPort, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, proto := range dnatProtocols {
+		if err := s.firewall.AddOutputDNAT(s.listenIP, proto, DefaultPort, s.listenPort); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to add DNS %s DNAT rule, DNS on port %d will not work: %v",
+				proto, DefaultPort, err)
+			if err := s.removeDNAT(); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("failed to roll back DNS DNAT rules, retrying on stop: %v", err)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		s.dnatRules = append(s.dnatRules, dnatRule{protocol: proto, ip: s.listenIP, port: s.listenPort})
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("added DNS DNAT rules: %s:%d -> %s:%d (UDP + TCP)", s.listenIP, DefaultPort, s.listenIP, s.listenPort)
+}
+
+// removeDNAT removes every installed port 53 redirect. A rule whose removal
+// fails stays recorded so a later setup or Stop retries it, rather than leaving
+// port 53 pointing at a resolver that is no longer listening.
+func (s *serviceViaListener) removeDNAT() error {
+	if s.firewall == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	var remaining []dnatRule
+	for _, rule := range s.dnatRules {
+		if err := s.firewall.RemoveOutputDNAT(rule.ip, rule.protocol, DefaultPort, rule.port); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove DNS %s DNAT rule for %s:%d: %w",
+				rule.protocol, rule.ip, rule.port, err))
+			remaining = append(remaining, rule)
+		}
+	}
+	s.dnatRules = remaining
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
 func (s *serviceViaListener) Stop() error {
 	s.listenerFlagLock.Lock()
 	defer s.listenerFlagLock.Unlock()
 
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	// Redirects are removed even when the listener is already stopped, so that
+	// a removal which failed earlier is retried instead of leaving port 53
+	// pointing at a resolver that no longer listens.
+	if err := s.removeDNAT(); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+	}
+
 	if !s.listenerIsRunning {
-		return nil
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 	}
 	s.listenerIsRunning = false
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
 	if err := s.server.ShutdownContext(ctx); err != nil {
 		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("stop DNS UDP server: %w", err))
 	}
@@ -148,19 +222,6 @@ func (s *serviceViaListener) Stop() error {
 		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("stop DNS TCP server: %w", err))
 	}
 
-	if s.tcpDNATConfigured && s.firewall != nil {
-		if err := s.firewall.RemoveOutputDNAT(s.listenIP, firewall.ProtocolTCP, DefaultPort, s.listenPort); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove DNS TCP DNAT rule: %w", err))
-		}
-		s.tcpDNATConfigured = false
-	}
-
-	if s.ebpfService != nil {
-		if err := s.ebpfService.FreeDNSFwd(); err != nil {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("stop traffic forwarder: %w", err))
-		}
-	}
-
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
@@ -177,44 +238,54 @@ func (s *serviceViaListener) RuntimePort() int {
 	s.listenerFlagLock.Lock()
 	defer s.listenerFlagLock.Unlock()
 
-	if s.ebpfService != nil {
+	if s.redirectInstalled() {
 		return DefaultPort
-	} else {
-		return int(s.listenPort)
 	}
+	return int(s.listenPort)
+}
+
+// redirectInstalled reports whether every protocol is redirected from port 53
+// to the address and port the listener currently serves. Rules left over from
+// an earlier listener do not count.
+func (s *serviceViaListener) redirectInstalled() bool {
+	for _, proto := range dnatProtocols {
+		current := dnatRule{protocol: proto, ip: s.listenIP, port: s.listenPort}
+		if !slices.Contains(s.dnatRules, current) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
 }
 
 func (s *serviceViaListener) RuntimeIP() netip.Addr {
 	return s.listenIP
 }
 
-
-// evalListenAddress figure out the listen address for the DNS server
-// first check the 53 port availability on WG interface or lo, if not success
-// pick a random port on WG interface for eBPF, if not success
-// check the 5053 port availability on WG interface or lo without eBPF usage,
+// evalListenAddress figures out the listen address for the DNS server.
+// IPv4-only: all peers have a v4 overlay address, and DNS config points to v4.
+// Prefers port 53 on the overlay interface or lo, so no redirect is needed at
+// all; when it is taken it falls back to port 5053 and then to a random free
+// port, both of which need the port 53 redirect set up by setupDNAT.
 func (s *serviceViaListener) evalListenAddress() (netip.Addr, uint16, error) {
 	if s.customAddr != nil {
 		return s.customAddr.Addr(), s.customAddr.Port(), nil
 	}
 
-	ip, ok := s.testFreePort(DefaultPort)
-	if ok {
+	if ip, ok := s.testFreePort(DefaultPort); ok {
 		return ip, DefaultPort, nil
 	}
 
-	ebpfSrv, port, ok := s.tryToUseeBPF()
-	if ok {
-		s.ebpfService = ebpfSrv
-		return s.wgInterface.Address().IP, port, nil
-	}
-
-	ip, ok = s.testFreePort(customPort)
-	if ok {
+	if ip, ok := s.testFreePort(customPort); ok {
 		return ip, customPort, nil
 	}
 
-	return netip.Addr{}, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to find a free port for DNS server")
+	ip := s.wgInterface.Address().IP
+	port, err := s.randomFreePort(ip)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, 0, fmt.Errorf("find a free port for DNS server: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return ip, port, nil
 }
 
 func (s *serviceViaListener) testFreePort(port int) (netip.Addr, bool) {
@@ -261,50 +332,25 @@ func (s *serviceViaListener) tryToBind(ip netip.Addr, port int) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// tryToUseeBPF decides whether to apply eBPF program to capture DNS traffic on port 53.
-// This is needed because on some operating systems if we start a DNS server not on a default port 53,
-// the domain name  resolution won't work. So, in case we are running on Linux and picked a free
-// port we should fall back to the eBPF solution that will capture traffic on port 53 and forward
-// it to a local DNS server running on the chosen port.
-func (s *serviceViaListener) tryToUseeBPF() (ebpfMgr.Manager, uint16, bool) {
-	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
-		return nil, 0, false
+// randomFreePort returns a port that is free on ip for both UDP and TCP, since
+// the DNS server binds both. The probe listeners are closed again, so the port
+// is only likely, not guaranteed, to still be free when the server binds it.
+func (s *serviceViaListener) randomFreePort(ip netip.Addr) (uint16, error) {
+	for range randomPortAttempts {
+		probeListener, err := net.ListenUDP("udp4", &net.UDPAddr{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("bind random port: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		port := uint16(probeListener.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr).Port)
+		if err := probeListener.Close(); err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("free up probed port: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if s.tryToBind(ip, int(port)) {
+			return port, nil
+		}
 	}
 
-	port, err := s.generateFreePort() //nolint:staticcheck,unused
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to generate a free port for eBPF DNS forwarder server: %s", err)
-		return nil, 0, false
-	}
-
-	ebpfSrv := ebpf.GetEbpfManagerInstance()
-	err = ebpfSrv.LoadDNSFwd(s.wgInterface.Address().IP.String(), int(port))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to load DNS forwarder eBPF program, error: %s", err)
-		return nil, 0, false
-	}
-
-	return ebpfSrv, port, true
-}
-
-func (s *serviceViaListener) generateFreePort() (uint16, error) {
-	ok := s.tryToBind(s.wgInterface.Address().IP, customPort)
-	if ok {
-		return customPort, nil
-	}
-
-	udpAddr := net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(netip.MustParseAddrPort("0.0.0.0:0"))
-	probeListener, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", udpAddr)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to bind random port for DNS: %s", err)
-		return 0, err
-	}
-
-	addrPort := netip.MustParseAddrPort(probeListener.LocalAddr().String()) // might panic if address is incorrect
-	err = probeListener.Close()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to free up DNS port: %s", err)
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	return addrPort.Port(), nil
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("no port free for UDP and TCP on %s after %d attempts", ip, randomPortAttempts)
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/service_listener_test.go b/client/internal/dns/service_listener_test.go
index 90ef71d19..b158a79fd 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/service_listener_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/service_listener_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package dns
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
 )
 
 func TestServiceViaListener_TCPAndUDP(t *testing.T) {
@@ -84,3 +87,133 @@ func TestServiceViaListener_TCPAndUDP(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NotEmpty(t, tcpResp.Answer)
 	assert.Contains(t, tcpResp.Answer[0].String(), "192.0.2.1", "TCP response should contain expected IP")
 }
+
+type dnatCall struct {
+	rule  dnatRule
+	added bool
+}
+
+// fakeFirewall records DNAT calls and fails the ones named in addErrs/removeErrs.
+type fakeFirewall struct {
+	calls      []dnatCall
+	addErrs    map[firewall.Protocol]error
+	removeErrs map[firewall.Protocol]error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFirewall) AddOutputDNAT(ip netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, _, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	if err := f.addErrs[protocol]; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	f.calls = append(f.calls, dnatCall{rule: dnatRule{protocol: protocol, ip: ip, port: translatedPort}, added: true})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeFirewall) RemoveOutputDNAT(ip netip.Addr, protocol firewall.Protocol, _, translatedPort uint16) error {
+	if err := f.removeErrs[protocol]; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	f.calls = append(f.calls, dnatCall{rule: dnatRule{protocol: protocol, ip: ip, port: translatedPort}})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newDNATTestService(fw Firewall) *serviceViaListener {
+	return &serviceViaListener{
+		listenIP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		listenPort: customPort,
+		firewall:   fw,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetupDNAT_BothProtocols(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := newDNATTestService(&fakeFirewall{})
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+
+	assert.Len(t, svc.dnatRules, len(dnatProtocols))
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultPort, svc.RuntimePort(), "port 53 is advertised once both redirects are installed")
+}
+
+func TestSetupDNAT_RollsBackPartialRedirect(t *testing.T) {
+	fw := &fakeFirewall{addErrs: map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolTCP: errors.New("nftables busy")}}
+	svc := newDNATTestService(fw)
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+
+	assert.Empty(t, svc.dnatRules, "the UDP redirect installed before the failure must be rolled back")
+	assert.Equal(t, int(svc.listenPort), svc.RuntimePort(), "an incomplete redirect must not advertise port 53")
+	udp := dnatRule{protocol: firewall.ProtocolUDP, ip: svc.listenIP, port: svc.listenPort}
+	assert.Contains(t, fw.calls, dnatCall{rule: udp}, "UDP removal should have been attempted")
+}
+
+// A rollback that fails must keep the rule recorded, so port 53 is not left
+// redirected to a resolver that no longer listens.
+func TestStop_RetriesFailedDNATRemoval(t *testing.T) {
+	fw := &fakeFirewall{
+		addErrs:    map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolTCP: errors.New("nftables busy")},
+		removeErrs: map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolUDP: errors.New("nftables busy")},
+	}
+	svc := newDNATTestService(fw)
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+	udp := dnatRule{protocol: firewall.ProtocolUDP, ip: svc.listenIP, port: svc.listenPort}
+	require.Equal(t, []dnatRule{udp}, svc.dnatRules, "a failed rollback keeps the rule for a later retry")
+
+	require.Error(t, svc.Stop(), "the failing removal should be reported")
+	require.Equal(t, []dnatRule{udp}, svc.dnatRules)
+
+	delete(fw.removeErrs, firewall.ProtocolUDP)
+	require.NoError(t, svc.Stop(), "a later stop retries the removal")
+	assert.Empty(t, svc.dnatRules)
+}
+
+// A stale rule that cannot be removed is matched before anything added now, so
+// no new redirect may be installed on top of it and port 53 must not be
+// advertised as reaching this listener.
+func TestSetupDNAT_AbortsWhileStaleRuleRemains(t *testing.T) {
+	fw := &fakeFirewall{removeErrs: map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolUDP: errors.New("nftables busy")}}
+	svc := newDNATTestService(fw)
+	stalePort := svc.listenPort
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+	require.Error(t, svc.Stop())
+	staleUDP := dnatRule{protocol: firewall.ProtocolUDP, ip: svc.listenIP, port: stalePort}
+	require.Equal(t, []dnatRule{staleUDP}, svc.dnatRules)
+
+	svc.listenPort = stalePort + 1
+	fw.calls = nil
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []dnatRule{staleUDP}, svc.dnatRules, "the stale rule stays recorded for a later attempt")
+	for _, call := range fw.calls {
+		assert.False(t, call.added, "no redirect may be installed while a stale one is still in place")
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, int(svc.listenPort), svc.RuntimePort(), "port 53 must not be advertised")
+}
+
+// A rule left behind by a failed removal must be removed with the address and
+// port it was installed with, even when the listener has since moved to another
+// port, and it must not count towards the redirect the new listener advertises.
+func TestSetupDNAT_ClearsStaleRuleAfterPortChange(t *testing.T) {
+	fw := &fakeFirewall{removeErrs: map[firewall.Protocol]error{firewall.ProtocolUDP: errors.New("nftables busy")}}
+	svc := newDNATTestService(fw)
+	stalePort := svc.listenPort
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+	require.Error(t, svc.Stop())
+	staleUDP := dnatRule{protocol: firewall.ProtocolUDP, ip: svc.listenIP, port: stalePort}
+	require.Equal(t, []dnatRule{staleUDP}, svc.dnatRules)
+
+	delete(fw.removeErrs, firewall.ProtocolUDP)
+	svc.listenPort = stalePort + 1
+	fw.calls = nil
+
+	svc.setupDNAT()
+
+	assert.Contains(t, fw.calls, dnatCall{rule: staleUDP}, "the stale rule must be removed with its original port")
+	assert.Len(t, svc.dnatRules, len(dnatProtocols))
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultPort, svc.RuntimePort(), "the new listener is fully redirected")
+	for _, rule := range svc.dnatRules {
+		assert.Equal(t, svc.listenPort, rule.port, "only rules for the current listener remain")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/systemd_linux.go b/client/internal/dns/systemd_linux.go
index d9854c033..bd301e177 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/systemd_linux.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/systemd_linux.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
@@ -40,10 +41,17 @@ const (
 )
 
 type systemdDbusConfigurator struct {
-	dbusLinkObject dbus.ObjectPath
-	ifaceName      string
+	dbusLinkObject  dbus.ObjectPath
+	ifaceName       string
+	wgIndex         int
+	origNameservers []netip.Addr
 }
 
+const (
+	systemdDbusLinkDNSProperty          = systemdDbusLinkInterface + ".DNS"
+	systemdDbusLinkDefaultRouteProperty = systemdDbusLinkInterface + ".DefaultRoute"
+)
+
 // the types below are based on dbus specification, each field is mapped to a dbus type
 // see https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#basic-types for more details on dbus types
 // see https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/org.freedesktop.resolve1.html on resolve1 input types
@@ -79,10 +87,145 @@ func newSystemdDbusConfigurator(wgInterface string) (*systemdDbusConfigurator, e
 
 	log.Debugf("got dbus Link interface: %s from net interface %s and index %d", s, iface.Name, iface.Index)
 
-	return &systemdDbusConfigurator{
+	c := &systemdDbusConfigurator{
 		dbusLinkObject: dbus.ObjectPath(s),
 		ifaceName:      wgInterface,
-	}, nil
+		wgIndex:        iface.Index,
+	}
+
+	origNameservers, err := c.captureOriginalNameservers()
+	switch {
+	case err != nil:
+		log.Warnf("capture original nameservers from systemd-resolved: %v", err)
+	case len(origNameservers) == 0:
+		log.Warnf("no original nameservers captured from systemd-resolved default-route links; DNS fallback will be empty")
+	default:
+		log.Debugf("captured %d original nameservers from systemd-resolved default-route links: %v", len(origNameservers), origNameservers)
+	}
+	c.origNameservers = origNameservers
+	return c, nil
+}
+
+// captureOriginalNameservers reads per-link DNS from systemd-resolved for
+// every default-route link except our own WG link. Non-default-route links
+// (VPNs, docker bridges) are skipped because their upstreams wouldn't
+// actually serve host queries.
+func (s *systemdDbusConfigurator) captureOriginalNameservers() ([]netip.Addr, error) {
+	ifaces, err := net.Interfaces()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list interfaces: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	seen := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{})
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	for _, iface := range ifaces {
+		if !s.isCandidateLink(iface) {
+			continue
+		}
+		linkPath, err := getSystemdLinkPath(iface.Index)
+		if err != nil || !isSystemdLinkDefaultRoute(linkPath) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, addr := range readSystemdLinkDNS(linkPath) {
+			addr = normalizeSystemdAddr(addr, iface.Name)
+			if !addr.IsValid() {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, dup := seen[addr]; dup {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[addr] = struct{}{}
+			out = append(out, addr)
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (s *systemdDbusConfigurator) isCandidateLink(iface net.Interface) bool {
+	if iface.Index == s.wgIndex {
+		return false
+	}
+	if iface.Flags&net.FlagLoopback != 0 || iface.Flags&net.FlagUp == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// normalizeSystemdAddr unmaps v4-mapped-v6, drops unspecified, and reattaches
+// the link's iface name as zone for link-local v6 (Link.DNS strips it).
+// Returns the zero Addr to signal "skip this entry".
+func normalizeSystemdAddr(addr netip.Addr, ifaceName string) netip.Addr {
+	addr = addr.Unmap()
+	if !addr.IsValid() || addr.IsUnspecified() {
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+	if addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
+		return addr.WithZone(ifaceName)
+	}
+	return addr
+}
+
+func getSystemdLinkPath(ifIndex int) (dbus.ObjectPath, error) {
+	obj, closeConn, err := getDbusObject(systemdResolvedDest, systemdDbusObjectNode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("dbus resolve1: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer closeConn()
+	var p string
+	if err := obj.Call(systemdDbusGetLinkMethod, dbusDefaultFlag, int32(ifIndex)).Store(&p); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return dbus.ObjectPath(p), nil
+}
+
+func isSystemdLinkDefaultRoute(linkPath dbus.ObjectPath) bool {
+	obj, closeConn, err := getDbusObject(systemdResolvedDest, linkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	defer closeConn()
+	v, err := obj.GetProperty(systemdDbusLinkDefaultRouteProperty)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	b, ok := v.Value().(bool)
+	return ok && b
+}
+
+func readSystemdLinkDNS(linkPath dbus.ObjectPath) []netip.Addr {
+	obj, closeConn, err := getDbusObject(systemdResolvedDest, linkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer closeConn()
+	v, err := obj.GetProperty(systemdDbusLinkDNSProperty)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	entries, ok := v.Value().([][]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var out []netip.Addr
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if len(entry) < 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+		raw, ok := entry[1].([]byte)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(raw)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, addr)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (s *systemdDbusConfigurator) getOriginalNameservers() []netip.Addr {
+	return slices.Clone(s.origNameservers)
 }
 
 func (s *systemdDbusConfigurator) supportCustomPort() bool {
@@ -90,8 +233,12 @@ func (s *systemdDbusConfigurator) supportCustomPort() bool {
 }
 
 func (s *systemdDbusConfigurator) applyDNSConfig(config HostDNSConfig, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
+	family := int32(unix.AF_INET)
+	if config.ServerIP.Is6() {
+		family = unix.AF_INET6
+	}
 	defaultLinkInput := systemdDbusDNSInput{
-		Family:  unix.AF_INET,
+		Family:  family,
 		Address: config.ServerIP.AsSlice(),
 	}
 	if err := s.callLinkMethod(systemdDbusSetDNSMethodSuffix, []systemdDbusDNSInput{defaultLinkInput}); err != nil {
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/unclean_shutdown_windows.go b/client/internal/dns/unclean_shutdown_windows.go
index 24a9eca50..ab0b2cc63 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/unclean_shutdown_windows.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/unclean_shutdown_windows.go
@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 type ShutdownState struct {
-	Guid           string
-	GPO            bool
-	NRPTEntryCount int
+	Guid string
+	GPO  bool
 }
 
 func (s *ShutdownState) Name() string {
@@ -16,9 +15,8 @@ func (s *ShutdownState) Name() string {
 
 func (s *ShutdownState) Cleanup() error {
 	manager := &registryConfigurator{
-		guid:           s.Guid,
-		gpo:            s.GPO,
-		nrptEntryCount: s.NRPTEntryCount,
+		guid: s.Guid,
+		gpo:  s.GPO,
 	}
 
 	if err := manager.restoreUncleanShutdownDNS(); err != nil {
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/upstream.go b/client/internal/dns/upstream.go
index 746b73ca7..72fc0450c 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/upstream.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/upstream.go
@@ -1,3 +1,32 @@
+// Package dns implements the client-side DNS stack: listener/service on the
+// peer's tunnel address, handler chain that routes questions by domain and
+// priority, and upstream resolvers that forward what remains to configured
+// nameservers.
+//
+// # Upstream resolution and the race model
+//
+// When two or more nameserver groups target the same domain, DefaultServer
+// merges them into one upstream handler whose state is:
+//
+//	upstreamResolverBase
+//	  └── upstreamServers []upstreamRace   // one entry per source NS group
+//	        └── []netip.AddrPort           // primary, fallback, ...
+//
+// Each source nameserver group contributes one upstreamRace. Within a race
+// upstreams are tried in order: the next is used only on failure (timeout,
+// SERVFAIL, REFUSED, no response). NXDOMAIN is a valid answer and stops
+// the walk. When more than one race exists, ServeDNS fans out one
+// goroutine per race and returns the first valid answer, cancelling the
+// rest. A handler with a single race skips the fan-out.
+//
+// # Health projection
+//
+// Query outcomes are recorded per-upstream in UpstreamHealth. The server
+// periodically merges these snapshots across handlers and projects them
+// into peer.NSGroupState. There is no active probing: a group is marked
+// unhealthy only when every seen upstream has a recent failure and none
+// has a recent success. Healthy→unhealthy fires a single
+// SystemEvent_WARNING; steady-state refreshes do not duplicate it.
 package dns
 
 import (
@@ -11,24 +40,50 @@ import (
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
-	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/resutil"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
 var currentMTU uint16 = iface.DefaultMTU
 
+// nonRetryableEDECodes lists EDE info codes (RFC 8914) for which a SERVFAIL
+// from one upstream means another upstream would return the same answer:
+// DNSSEC validation outcomes and policy-based blocks. Transient errors
+// (network, cached, not ready) are not included.
+var nonRetryableEDECodes = map[uint16]struct{}{
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeUnsupportedDNSKEYAlgorithm: {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeUnsupportedDSDigestType:    {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeDNSSECIndeterminate:        {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeDNSBogus:                   {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeSignatureExpired:           {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeSignatureNotYetValid:       {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeDNSKEYMissing:              {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeRRSIGsMissing:              {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeNoZoneKeyBitSet:            {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeNSECMissing:                {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeBlocked:                    {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeCensored:                   {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeFiltered:                   {},
+	dns.ExtendedErrorCodeProhibited:                 {},
+}
+
+// privateClientIface is the subset of the WireGuard interface needed by GetClientPrivate.
+type privateClientIface interface {
+	Name() string
+	Address() wgaddr.Address
+}
+
 func SetCurrentMTU(mtu uint16) {
 	currentMTU = mtu
 }
@@ -39,15 +94,17 @@ const (
 	// Set longer than UpstreamTimeout to ensure context timeout takes precedence
 	ClientTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 
-	reactivatePeriod = 30 * time.Second
-	probeTimeout     = 2 * time.Second
-
 	// ipv6HeaderSize + udpHeaderSize, used to derive the maximum DNS UDP
 	// payload from the tunnel MTU.
 	ipUDPHeaderSize = 60 + 8
-)
 
-const testRecord = "com."
+	// raceMaxTotalTimeout caps the combined time spent walking all upstreams
+	// within one race, so a slow primary can't eat the whole race budget.
+	raceMaxTotalTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+	// raceMinPerUpstreamTimeout is the floor applied when dividing
+	// raceMaxTotalTimeout across upstreams within a race.
+	raceMinPerUpstreamTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+)
 
 const (
 	protoUDP = "udp"
@@ -56,6 +113,69 @@ const (
 
 type dnsProtocolKey struct{}
 
+type upstreamProtocolKey struct{}
+
+// upstreamProtocolResult holds the protocol used for the upstream exchange.
+// Stored as a pointer in context so the exchange function can set it.
+type upstreamProtocolResult struct {
+	protocol string
+}
+
+type upstreamClient interface {
+	exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error)
+}
+
+type UpstreamResolver interface {
+	serveDNS(r *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error)
+	upstreamExchange(upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error)
+}
+
+// upstreamRace is an ordered list of upstreams derived from one configured
+// nameserver group. Order matters: the first upstream is tried first, the
+// second only on failure, and so on. Multiple upstreamRace values coexist
+// inside one resolver when overlapping nameserver groups target the same
+// domain; those races run in parallel and the first valid answer wins.
+type upstreamRace []netip.AddrPort
+
+// UpstreamHealth is the last query-path outcome for a single upstream,
+// consumed by nameserver-group status projection.
+type UpstreamHealth struct {
+	LastOk   time.Time
+	LastFail time.Time
+	LastErr  string
+}
+
+type upstreamResolverBase struct {
+	ctx             context.Context
+	cancel          context.CancelFunc
+	upstreamClient  upstreamClient
+	upstreamServers []upstreamRace
+	domain          domain.Domain
+	upstreamTimeout time.Duration
+
+	healthMu sync.RWMutex
+	health   map[netip.AddrPort]*UpstreamHealth
+
+	statusRecorder *peer.Status
+	// selectedRoutes returns the current set of client routes the admin
+	// has enabled. Called lazily from the query hot path when an upstream
+	// might need a tunnel-bound client (iOS) and from health projection.
+	selectedRoutes func() route.HAMap
+}
+
+type upstreamFailure struct {
+	upstream netip.AddrPort
+	reason   string
+}
+
+type raceResult struct {
+	msg      *dns.Msg
+	upstream netip.AddrPort
+	protocol string
+	ede      string
+	failures []upstreamFailure
+}
+
 // contextWithDNSProtocol stores the inbound DNS protocol ("udp" or "tcp") in context.
 func contextWithDNSProtocol(ctx context.Context, network string) context.Context {
 	return context.WithValue(ctx, dnsProtocolKey{}, network)
@@ -72,16 +192,8 @@ func dnsProtocolFromContext(ctx context.Context) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-type upstreamProtocolKey struct{}
-
-// upstreamProtocolResult holds the protocol used for the upstream exchange.
-// Stored as a pointer in context so the exchange function can set it.
-type upstreamProtocolResult struct {
-	protocol string
-}
-
-// contextWithupstreamProtocolResult stores a mutable result holder in the context.
-func contextWithupstreamProtocolResult(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, *upstreamProtocolResult) {
+// contextWithUpstreamProtocolResult stores a mutable result holder in the context.
+func contextWithUpstreamProtocolResult(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, *upstreamProtocolResult) {
 	r := &upstreamProtocolResult{}
 	return context.WithValue(ctx, upstreamProtocolKey{}, r), r
 }
@@ -96,67 +208,37 @@ func setUpstreamProtocol(ctx context.Context, protocol string) {
 	}
 }
 
-type upstreamClient interface {
-	exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error)
-}
-
-type UpstreamResolver interface {
-	serveDNS(r *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error)
-	upstreamExchange(upstream string, r *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error)
-}
-
-type upstreamResolverBase struct {
-	ctx              context.Context
-	cancel           context.CancelFunc
-	upstreamClient   upstreamClient
-	upstreamServers  []netip.AddrPort
-	domain           string
-	disabled         bool
-	successCount     atomic.Int32
-	mutex            sync.Mutex
-	reactivatePeriod time.Duration
-	upstreamTimeout  time.Duration
-	wg               sync.WaitGroup
-
-	deactivate     func(error)
-	reactivate     func()
-	statusRecorder *peer.Status
-	routeMatch     func(netip.Addr) bool
-}
-
-type upstreamFailure struct {
-	upstream netip.AddrPort
-	reason   string
-}
-
-func newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx context.Context, statusRecorder *peer.Status, domain string) *upstreamResolverBase {
+func newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx context.Context, statusRecorder *peer.Status, d domain.Domain) *upstreamResolverBase {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 
 	return &upstreamResolverBase{
-		ctx:              ctx,
-		cancel:           cancel,
-		domain:           domain,
-		upstreamTimeout:  UpstreamTimeout,
-		reactivatePeriod: reactivatePeriod,
-		statusRecorder:   statusRecorder,
+		ctx:             ctx,
+		cancel:          cancel,
+		domain:          d,
+		upstreamTimeout: UpstreamTimeout,
+		statusRecorder:  statusRecorder,
 	}
 }
 
 // String returns a string representation of the upstream resolver
 func (u *upstreamResolverBase) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("Upstream %s", u.upstreamServers)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("Upstream %s", u.flatUpstreams())
 }
 
-// ID returns the unique handler ID
+// ID returns the unique handler ID. Race groupings and within-race
+// ordering are both part of the identity: [[A,B]] and [[A],[B]] query
+// the same servers but with different semantics (serial fallback vs
+// parallel race), so their handlers must not collide.
 func (u *upstreamResolverBase) ID() types.HandlerID {
-	servers := slices.Clone(u.upstreamServers)
-	slices.SortFunc(servers, func(a, b netip.AddrPort) int { return a.Compare(b) })
-
 	hash := sha256.New()
-	hash.Write([]byte(u.domain + ":"))
-	for _, s := range servers {
-		hash.Write([]byte(s.String()))
-		hash.Write([]byte("|"))
+	hash.Write([]byte(u.domain.PunycodeString() + ":"))
+	for _, race := range u.upstreamServers {
+		hash.Write([]byte("["))
+		for _, s := range race {
+			hash.Write([]byte(s.String()))
+			hash.Write([]byte("|"))
+		}
+		hash.Write([]byte("]"))
 	}
 	return types.HandlerID("upstream-" + hex.EncodeToString(hash.Sum(nil)[:8]))
 }
@@ -166,13 +248,31 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) MatchSubdomains() bool {
 }
 
 func (u *upstreamResolverBase) Stop() {
-	log.Debugf("stopping serving DNS for upstreams %s", u.upstreamServers)
+	log.Debugf("stopping serving DNS for upstreams %s", u.flatUpstreams())
 	u.cancel()
+}
 
-	u.mutex.Lock()
-	u.wg.Wait()
-	u.mutex.Unlock()
+// flatUpstreams is for logging and ID hashing only, not for dispatch.
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) flatUpstreams() []netip.AddrPort {
+	var out []netip.AddrPort
+	for _, g := range u.upstreamServers {
+		out = append(out, g...)
+	}
+	return out
+}
 
+// setSelectedRoutes swaps the accessor used to classify overlay-routed
+// upstreams. Called when route sources are wired after the handler was
+// built (permanent / iOS constructors).
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) setSelectedRoutes(selected func() route.HAMap) {
+	u.selectedRoutes = selected
+}
+
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) addRace(servers []netip.AddrPort) {
+	if len(servers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	u.upstreamServers = append(u.upstreamServers, slices.Clone(servers))
 }
 
 // ServeDNS handles a DNS request
@@ -214,59 +314,213 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) prepareRequest(r *dns.Msg) {
 }
 
 func (u *upstreamResolverBase) tryUpstreamServers(ctx context.Context, w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg, logger *log.Entry) (bool, []upstreamFailure) {
-	timeout := u.upstreamTimeout
-	if len(u.upstreamServers) > 1 {
-		maxTotal := 5 * time.Second
-		minPerUpstream := 2 * time.Second
-		scaledTimeout := maxTotal / time.Duration(len(u.upstreamServers))
-		if scaledTimeout > minPerUpstream {
-			timeout = scaledTimeout
-		} else {
-			timeout = minPerUpstream
-		}
+	groups := u.upstreamServers
+	switch len(groups) {
+	case 0:
+		return false, nil
+	case 1:
+		return u.tryOnlyRace(ctx, w, r, groups[0], logger)
+	default:
+		return u.raceAll(ctx, w, r, groups, logger)
+	}
+}
+
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) tryOnlyRace(ctx context.Context, w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg, group upstreamRace, logger *log.Entry) (bool, []upstreamFailure) {
+	res := u.tryRace(ctx, r, group)
+	if res.msg == nil {
+		return false, res.failures
+	}
+	if res.ede != "" {
+		resutil.SetMeta(w, "ede", res.ede)
+	}
+	u.writeSuccessResponse(w, res.msg, res.upstream, r.Question[0].Name, res.protocol, logger)
+	return true, res.failures
+}
+
+// raceAll runs one worker per group in parallel, taking the first valid
+// answer and cancelling the rest.
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) raceAll(ctx context.Context, w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg, groups []upstreamRace, logger *log.Entry) (bool, []upstreamFailure) {
+	raceCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Buffer sized to len(groups) so workers never block on send, even
+	// after the coordinator has returned.
+	results := make(chan raceResult, len(groups))
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		// tryRace clones the request per attempt, so workers never share
+		// a *dns.Msg and concurrent EDNS0 mutations can't race.
+		go func(g upstreamRace) {
+			results <- u.tryRace(raceCtx, r, g)
+		}(g)
 	}
 
 	var failures []upstreamFailure
-	for _, upstream := range u.upstreamServers {
-		if failure := u.queryUpstream(ctx, w, r, upstream, timeout, logger); failure != nil {
-			failures = append(failures, *failure)
-		} else {
-			return true, failures
+	for range groups {
+		select {
+		case res := <-results:
+			failures = append(failures, res.failures...)
+			if res.msg != nil {
+				if res.ede != "" {
+					resutil.SetMeta(w, "ede", res.ede)
+				}
+				u.writeSuccessResponse(w, res.msg, res.upstream, r.Question[0].Name, res.protocol, logger)
+				return true, failures
+			}
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return false, failures
 		}
 	}
 	return false, failures
 }
 
-// queryUpstream queries a single upstream server. Returns nil on success, or failure info to try next upstream.
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) queryUpstream(parentCtx context.Context, w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg, upstream netip.AddrPort, timeout time.Duration, logger *log.Entry) *upstreamFailure {
-	var rm *dns.Msg
-	var t time.Duration
-	var err error
-
-	var startTime time.Time
-	var upstreamProto *upstreamProtocolResult
-	func() {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, timeout)
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) tryRace(ctx context.Context, r *dns.Msg, group upstreamRace) raceResult {
+	timeout := u.upstreamTimeout
+	if len(group) > 1 {
+		// Cap the whole walk at raceMaxTotalTimeout: per-upstream timeouts
+		// still honor raceMinPerUpstreamTimeout as a floor for correctness
+		// on slow links, but the outer context ensures the combined walk
+		// cannot exceed the cap regardless of group size.
+		timeout = max(raceMaxTotalTimeout/time.Duration(len(group)), raceMinPerUpstreamTimeout)
+		var cancel context.CancelFunc
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, raceMaxTotalTimeout)
 		defer cancel()
-		ctx, upstreamProto = contextWithupstreamProtocolResult(ctx)
-		startTime = time.Now()
-		rm, t, err = u.upstreamClient.exchange(ctx, upstream.String(), r)
-	}()
+	}
+
+	var failures []upstreamFailure
+	for _, upstream := range group {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return raceResult{failures: failures}
+		}
+		// Clone the request per attempt: the exchange path mutates EDNS0
+		// options in-place, so reusing the same *dns.Msg across sequential
+		// upstreams would carry those mutations (e.g. a reduced UDP size)
+		// into the next attempt.
+		res, failure := u.queryUpstream(ctx, r.Copy(), upstream, timeout)
+		if failure != nil {
+			failures = append(failures, *failure)
+			continue
+		}
+		res.failures = failures
+		return res
+	}
+	return raceResult{failures: failures}
+}
+
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) queryUpstream(parentCtx context.Context, r *dns.Msg, upstream netip.AddrPort, timeout time.Duration) (raceResult, *upstreamFailure) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	ctx, upstreamProto := contextWithUpstreamProtocolResult(ctx)
+
+	// Advertise EDNS0 so the upstream may include Extended DNS Errors
+	// (RFC 8914) in failure responses; we use those to short-circuit
+	// failover for definitive answers like DNSSEC validation failures.
+	// The caller already passed a per-attempt copy, so we can mutate r
+	// directly; hadEdns reflects the original client request's state and
+	// controls whether we strip the OPT from the response.
+	hadEdns := r.IsEdns0() != nil
+	if !hadEdns {
+		r.SetEdns0(upstreamUDPSize(), false)
+	}
+
+	startTime := time.Now()
+	rm, _, err := u.upstreamClient.exchange(ctx, upstream.String(), r)
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return u.handleUpstreamError(err, upstream, startTime)
+		// A parent cancellation (e.g., another race won and the coordinator
+		// cancelled the losers) is not an upstream failure. Check both the
+		// error chain and the parent context: a transport may surface the
+		// cancellation as a read/deadline error rather than context.Canceled.
+		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(parentCtx.Err(), context.Canceled) {
+			return raceResult{}, &upstreamFailure{upstream: upstream, reason: "canceled"}
+		}
+		failure := u.handleUpstreamError(err, upstream, startTime)
+		u.markUpstreamFail(upstream, failure.reason)
+		return raceResult{}, failure
 	}
 
 	if rm == nil || !rm.Response {
-		return &upstreamFailure{upstream: upstream, reason: "no response"}
+		u.markUpstreamFail(upstream, "no response")
+		return raceResult{}, &upstreamFailure{upstream: upstream, reason: "no response"}
+	}
+
+	// A valid response means the upstream is reachable, whatever the Rcode.
+	u.markUpstreamOk(upstream)
+
+	proto := ""
+	if upstreamProto != nil {
+		proto = upstreamProto.protocol
 	}
 
 	if rm.Rcode == dns.RcodeServerFailure || rm.Rcode == dns.RcodeRefused {
-		return &upstreamFailure{upstream: upstream, reason: dns.RcodeToString[rm.Rcode]}
+		// SERVFAIL and REFUSED are per-question outcomes (DNSSEC-bogus names,
+		// refused zones, transient recursion errors), not reachability
+		// problems: fail over for a better answer but keep the upstream healthy.
+		if code, ok := nonRetryableEDE(rm); ok {
+			if !hadEdns {
+				resutil.StripOPT(rm)
+			}
+			return raceResult{msg: rm, upstream: upstream, protocol: proto, ede: edeName(code)}, nil
+		}
+		reason := dns.RcodeToString[rm.Rcode]
+		return raceResult{}, &upstreamFailure{upstream: upstream, reason: reason}
 	}
 
-	u.writeSuccessResponse(w, rm, upstream, r.Question[0].Name, t, upstreamProto, logger)
-	return nil
+	if !hadEdns {
+		resutil.StripOPT(rm)
+	}
+
+	return raceResult{msg: rm, upstream: upstream, protocol: proto}, nil
+}
+
+// healthEntry returns the mutable health record for addr, lazily creating
+// the map and the entry. Caller must hold u.healthMu.
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) healthEntry(addr netip.AddrPort) *UpstreamHealth {
+	if u.health == nil {
+		u.health = make(map[netip.AddrPort]*UpstreamHealth)
+	}
+	h := u.health[addr]
+	if h == nil {
+		h = &UpstreamHealth{}
+		u.health[addr] = h
+	}
+	return h
+}
+
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) markUpstreamOk(addr netip.AddrPort) {
+	u.healthMu.Lock()
+	defer u.healthMu.Unlock()
+	h := u.healthEntry(addr)
+	h.LastOk = time.Now()
+	h.LastFail = time.Time{}
+	h.LastErr = ""
+}
+
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) markUpstreamFail(addr netip.AddrPort, reason string) {
+	u.healthMu.Lock()
+	defer u.healthMu.Unlock()
+	h := u.healthEntry(addr)
+	h.LastFail = time.Now()
+	h.LastErr = reason
+}
+
+// UpstreamHealth returns a snapshot of per-upstream query outcomes.
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) UpstreamHealth() map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth {
+	u.healthMu.RLock()
+	defer u.healthMu.RUnlock()
+	out := make(map[netip.AddrPort]UpstreamHealth, len(u.health))
+	for k, v := range u.health {
+		out[k] = *v
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// upstreamUDPSize returns the EDNS0 UDP buffer size we advertise to upstreams,
+// derived from the tunnel MTU and bounded against underflow.
+func upstreamUDPSize() uint16 {
+	if currentMTU > ipUDPHeaderSize {
+		return currentMTU - ipUDPHeaderSize
+	}
+	return dns.MinMsgSize
 }
 
 func (u *upstreamResolverBase) handleUpstreamError(err error, upstream netip.AddrPort, startTime time.Time) *upstreamFailure {
@@ -282,12 +536,23 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) handleUpstreamError(err error, upstream netip.Add
 	return &upstreamFailure{upstream: upstream, reason: reason}
 }
 
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) writeSuccessResponse(w dns.ResponseWriter, rm *dns.Msg, upstream netip.AddrPort, domain string, t time.Duration, upstreamProto *upstreamProtocolResult, logger *log.Entry) bool {
-	u.successCount.Add(1)
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) debugUpstreamTimeout(upstream netip.AddrPort) string {
+	if u.statusRecorder == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
 
+	peerInfo := findPeerForIP(upstream.Addr(), u.statusRecorder)
+	if peerInfo == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("(routes through NetBird peer %s)", FormatPeerStatus(peerInfo))
+}
+
+func (u *upstreamResolverBase) writeSuccessResponse(w dns.ResponseWriter, rm *dns.Msg, upstream netip.AddrPort, domain string, proto string, logger *log.Entry) {
 	resutil.SetMeta(w, "upstream", upstream.String())
-	if upstreamProto != nil && upstreamProto.protocol != "" {
-		resutil.SetMeta(w, "upstream_protocol", upstreamProto.protocol)
+	if proto != "" {
+		resutil.SetMeta(w, "upstream_protocol", proto)
 	}
 
 	// Clear Zero bit from external responses to prevent upstream servers from
@@ -296,14 +561,11 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverBase) writeSuccessResponse(w dns.ResponseWriter, rm *dn
 
 	if err := w.WriteMsg(rm); err != nil {
 		logger.Errorf("failed to write DNS response for question domain=%s: %s", domain, err)
-		return true
 	}
-
-	return true
 }
 
 func (u *upstreamResolverBase) logUpstreamFailures(domain string, failures []upstreamFailure, succeeded bool, logger *log.Entry) {
-	totalUpstreams := len(u.upstreamServers)
+	totalUpstreams := len(u.flatUpstreams())
 	failedCount := len(failures)
 	failureSummary := formatFailures(failures)
 
@@ -330,117 +592,32 @@ func formatFailures(failures []upstreamFailure) string {
 	return strings.Join(parts, ", ")
 }
 
-// ProbeAvailability tests all upstream servers simultaneously and
-// disables the resolver if none work
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) ProbeAvailability(ctx context.Context) {
-	u.mutex.Lock()
-	defer u.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	// avoid probe if upstreams could resolve at least one query
-	if u.successCount.Load() > 0 {
-		return
+// nonRetryableEDE returns the first non-retryable EDE code carried in the
+// response, if any.
+func nonRetryableEDE(rm *dns.Msg) (uint16, bool) {
+	opt := rm.IsEdns0()
+	if opt == nil {
+		return 0, false
 	}
-
-	var success bool
-	var mu sync.Mutex
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-
-	var errs *multierror.Error
-	for _, upstream := range u.upstreamServers {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(upstream netip.AddrPort) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			err := u.testNameserver(u.ctx, ctx, upstream, 500*time.Millisecond)
-			if err != nil {
-				mu.Lock()
-				errs = multierror.Append(errs, err)
-				mu.Unlock()
-				log.Warnf("probing upstream nameserver %s: %s", upstream, err)
-				return
-			}
-
-			mu.Lock()
-			success = true
-			mu.Unlock()
-		}(upstream)
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return
-	case <-u.ctx.Done():
-		return
-	default:
-	}
-
-	// didn't find a working upstream server, let's disable and try later
-	if !success {
-		u.disable(errs.ErrorOrNil())
-
-		if u.statusRecorder == nil {
-			return
+	for _, o := range opt.Option {
+		ede, ok := o.(*dns.EDNS0_EDE)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := nonRetryableEDECodes[ede.InfoCode]; ok {
+			return ede.InfoCode, true
 		}
-
-		u.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
-			proto.SystemEvent_WARNING,
-			proto.SystemEvent_DNS,
-			"All upstream servers failed (probe failed)",
-			"Unable to reach one or more DNS servers. This might affect your ability to connect to some services.",
-			map[string]string{"upstreams": u.upstreamServersString()},
-		)
 	}
+	return 0, false
 }
 
-// waitUntilResponse retries, in an exponential interval, querying the upstream servers until it gets a positive response
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) waitUntilResponse() {
-	exponentialBackOff := &backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
-		InitialInterval:     500 * time.Millisecond,
-		RandomizationFactor: 0.5,
-		Multiplier:          1.1,
-		MaxInterval:         u.reactivatePeriod,
-		MaxElapsedTime:      0,
-		Stop:                backoff.Stop,
-		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
+// edeName returns a human-readable name for an EDE code, falling back to
+// the numeric code when unknown.
+func edeName(code uint16) string {
+	if name, ok := dns.ExtendedErrorCodeToString[code]; ok {
+		return name
 	}
-
-	operation := func() error {
-		select {
-		case <-u.ctx.Done():
-			return backoff.Permanent(fmt.Errorf("exiting upstream retry loop for upstreams %s: parent context has been canceled", u.upstreamServersString()))
-		default:
-		}
-
-		for _, upstream := range u.upstreamServers {
-			if err := u.testNameserver(u.ctx, nil, upstream, probeTimeout); err != nil {
-				log.Tracef("upstream check for %s: %s", upstream, err)
-			} else {
-				// at least one upstream server is available, stop probing
-				return nil
-			}
-		}
-
-		log.Tracef("checking connectivity with upstreams %s failed. Retrying in %s", u.upstreamServersString(), exponentialBackOff.NextBackOff())
-		return fmt.Errorf("upstream check call error")
-	}
-
-	err := backoff.Retry(operation, backoff.WithContext(exponentialBackOff, u.ctx))
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			log.Debugf("upstream retry loop exited for upstreams %s", u.upstreamServersString())
-		} else {
-			log.Warnf("upstream retry loop exited for upstreams %s: %v", u.upstreamServersString(), err)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("upstreams %s are responsive again. Adding them back to system", u.upstreamServersString())
-	u.successCount.Add(1)
-	u.reactivate()
-	u.mutex.Lock()
-	u.disabled = false
-	u.mutex.Unlock()
+	return fmt.Sprintf("EDE %d", code)
 }
 
 // isTimeout returns true if the given error is a network timeout error.
@@ -454,45 +631,6 @@ func isTimeout(err error) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) disable(err error) {
-	if u.disabled {
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Warnf("Upstream resolving is Disabled for %v", reactivatePeriod)
-	u.successCount.Store(0)
-	u.deactivate(err)
-	u.disabled = true
-	u.wg.Add(1)
-	go func() {
-		defer u.wg.Done()
-		u.waitUntilResponse()
-	}()
-}
-
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) upstreamServersString() string {
-	var servers []string
-	for _, server := range u.upstreamServers {
-		servers = append(servers, server.String())
-	}
-	return strings.Join(servers, ", ")
-}
-
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) testNameserver(baseCtx context.Context, externalCtx context.Context, server netip.AddrPort, timeout time.Duration) error {
-	mergedCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(baseCtx, timeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	if externalCtx != nil {
-		stop2 := context.AfterFunc(externalCtx, cancel)
-		defer stop2()
-	}
-
-	r := new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion(testRecord, dns.TypeSOA)
-
-	_, _, err := u.upstreamClient.exchange(mergedCtx, server.String(), r)
-	return err
-}
-
 // clientUDPMaxSize returns the maximum UDP response size the client accepts.
 func clientUDPMaxSize(r *dns.Msg) int {
 	if opt := r.IsEdns0(); opt != nil {
@@ -504,13 +642,10 @@ func clientUDPMaxSize(r *dns.Msg) int {
 // ExchangeWithFallback exchanges a DNS message with the upstream server.
 // It first tries to use UDP, and if it is truncated, it falls back to TCP.
 // If the inbound request came over TCP (via context), it skips the UDP attempt.
-// If the passed context is nil, this will use Exchange instead of ExchangeContext.
 func ExchangeWithFallback(ctx context.Context, client *dns.Client, r *dns.Msg, upstream string) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error) {
 	// If the request came in over TCP, go straight to TCP upstream.
 	if dnsProtocolFromContext(ctx) == protoTCP {
-		tcpClient := *client
-		tcpClient.Net = protoTCP
-		rm, t, err := tcpClient.ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
+		rm, t, err := toTCPClient(client).ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, t, fmt.Errorf("with tcp: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -530,18 +665,7 @@ func ExchangeWithFallback(ctx context.Context, client *dns.Client, r *dns.Msg, u
 		opt.SetUDPSize(maxUDPPayload)
 	}
 
-	var (
-		rm  *dns.Msg
-		t   time.Duration
-		err error
-	)
-
-	if ctx == nil {
-		rm, t, err = client.Exchange(r, upstream)
-	} else {
-		rm, t, err = client.ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
-	}
-
+	rm, t, err := client.ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, t, fmt.Errorf("with udp: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -555,15 +679,7 @@ func ExchangeWithFallback(ctx context.Context, client *dns.Client, r *dns.Msg, u
 	// data than the client's buffer, we could truncate locally and skip
 	// the TCP retry.
 
-	tcpClient := *client
-	tcpClient.Net = protoTCP
-
-	if ctx == nil {
-		rm, t, err = tcpClient.Exchange(r, upstream)
-	} else {
-		rm, t, err = tcpClient.ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
-	}
-
+	rm, t, err = toTCPClient(client).ExchangeContext(ctx, r, upstream)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, t, fmt.Errorf("with tcp: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -577,6 +693,25 @@ func ExchangeWithFallback(ctx context.Context, client *dns.Client, r *dns.Msg, u
 	return rm, t, nil
 }
 
+// toTCPClient returns a copy of c configured for TCP. If c's Dialer has a
+// *net.UDPAddr bound as LocalAddr (iOS does this to keep the source IP on
+// the tunnel interface), it is converted to the equivalent *net.TCPAddr
+// so net.Dialer doesn't reject the TCP dial with "mismatched local
+// address type".
+func toTCPClient(c *dns.Client) *dns.Client {
+	tcp := *c
+	tcp.Net = protoTCP
+	if tcp.Dialer == nil {
+		return &tcp
+	}
+	d := *tcp.Dialer
+	if ua, ok := d.LocalAddr.(*net.UDPAddr); ok {
+		d.LocalAddr = &net.TCPAddr{IP: ua.IP, Port: ua.Port, Zone: ua.Zone}
+	}
+	tcp.Dialer = &d
+	return &tcp
+}
+
 // ExchangeWithNetstack performs a DNS exchange using netstack for dialing.
 // This is needed when netstack is enabled to reach peer IPs through the tunnel.
 func ExchangeWithNetstack(ctx context.Context, nsNet *netstack.Net, r *dns.Msg, upstream string) (*dns.Msg, error) {
@@ -718,15 +853,36 @@ func findPeerForIP(ip netip.Addr, statusRecorder *peer.Status) *peer.State {
 	return bestMatch
 }
 
-func (u *upstreamResolverBase) debugUpstreamTimeout(upstream netip.AddrPort) string {
-	if u.statusRecorder == nil {
-		return ""
+// haMapRouteCount returns the total number of routes across all HA
+// groups in the map. route.HAMap is keyed by HAUniqueID with slices of
+// routes per key, so len(hm) is the number of HA groups, not routes.
+func haMapRouteCount(hm route.HAMap) int {
+	total := 0
+	for _, routes := range hm {
+		total += len(routes)
 	}
+	return total
+}
 
-	peerInfo := findPeerForIP(upstream.Addr(), u.statusRecorder)
-	if peerInfo == nil {
-		return ""
+// haMapContains checks whether ip is covered by any concrete prefix in
+// the HA map. haveDynamic is reported separately: dynamic (domain-based)
+// routes carry a placeholder Network that can't be prefix-checked, so we
+// can't know at this point whether ip is reached through one. Callers
+// decide how to interpret the unknown: health projection treats it as
+// "possibly routed" to avoid emitting false-positive warnings during
+// startup, while iOS dial selection requires a concrete match before
+// binding to the tunnel.
+func haMapContains(hm route.HAMap, ip netip.Addr) (matched, haveDynamic bool) {
+	for _, routes := range hm {
+		for _, r := range routes {
+			if r.IsDynamic() {
+				haveDynamic = true
+				continue
+			}
+			if r.Network.Contains(ip) {
+				return true, haveDynamic
+			}
+		}
 	}
-
-	return fmt.Sprintf("(routes through NetBird peer %s)", FormatPeerStatus(peerInfo))
+	return false, haveDynamic
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/upstream_android.go b/client/internal/dns/upstream_android.go
index ee1ca42fe..f7ab48b10 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/upstream_android.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/upstream_android.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
 type upstreamResolver struct {
@@ -26,9 +27,9 @@ func newUpstreamResolver(
 	_ WGIface,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
 	hostsDNSHolder *hostsDNSHolder,
-	domain string,
+	d domain.Domain,
 ) (*upstreamResolver, error) {
-	upstreamResolverBase := newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx, statusRecorder, domain)
+	upstreamResolverBase := newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx, statusRecorder, d)
 	c := &upstreamResolver{
 		upstreamResolverBase: upstreamResolverBase,
 		hostsDNSHolder:       hostsDNSHolder,
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ func (u *upstreamResolver) isLocalResolver(upstream string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func GetClientPrivate(ip netip.Addr, interfaceName string, dialTimeout time.Duration) (*dns.Client, error) {
+func GetClientPrivate(_ privateClientIface, _ netip.Addr, dialTimeout time.Duration) (*dns.Client, error) {
 	return &dns.Client{
 		Timeout: dialTimeout,
 		Net:     "udp",
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/upstream_general.go b/client/internal/dns/upstream_general.go
index 1143b6c51..dc841757b 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/upstream_general.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/upstream_general.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
 type upstreamResolver struct {
@@ -24,9 +25,9 @@ func newUpstreamResolver(
 	wgIface WGIface,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
 	_ *hostsDNSHolder,
-	domain string,
+	d domain.Domain,
 ) (*upstreamResolver, error) {
-	upstreamResolverBase := newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx, statusRecorder, domain)
+	upstreamResolverBase := newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx, statusRecorder, d)
 	nonIOS := &upstreamResolver{
 		upstreamResolverBase: upstreamResolverBase,
 		nsNet:                wgIface.GetNet(),
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ func (u *upstreamResolver) exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *dns
 	return ExchangeWithFallback(ctx, client, r, upstream)
 }
 
-func GetClientPrivate(ip netip.Addr, interfaceName string, dialTimeout time.Duration) (*dns.Client, error) {
+func GetClientPrivate(_ privateClientIface, _ netip.Addr, dialTimeout time.Duration) (*dns.Client, error) {
 	return &dns.Client{
 		Timeout: dialTimeout,
 		Net:     "udp",
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/upstream_ios.go b/client/internal/dns/upstream_ios.go
index 02c11173b..793d87fca 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/upstream_ios.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/upstream_ios.go
@@ -15,13 +15,12 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
 type upstreamResolverIOS struct {
 	*upstreamResolverBase
-	lIP           netip.Addr
-	lNet          netip.Prefix
-	interfaceName string
+	wgIface WGIface
 }
 
 func newUpstreamResolver(
@@ -29,15 +28,13 @@ func newUpstreamResolver(
 	wgIface WGIface,
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status,
 	_ *hostsDNSHolder,
-	domain string,
+	d domain.Domain,
 ) (*upstreamResolverIOS, error) {
-	upstreamResolverBase := newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx, statusRecorder, domain)
+	upstreamResolverBase := newUpstreamResolverBase(ctx, statusRecorder, d)
 
 	ios := &upstreamResolverIOS{
 		upstreamResolverBase: upstreamResolverBase,
-		lIP:                  wgIface.Address().IP,
-		lNet:                 wgIface.Address().Network,
-		interfaceName:        wgIface.Name(),
+		wgIface:              wgIface,
 	}
 	ios.upstreamClient = ios
 
@@ -65,39 +62,55 @@ func (u *upstreamResolverIOS) exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, r *
 	} else {
 		upstreamIP = upstreamIP.Unmap()
 	}
-	needsPrivate := u.lNet.Contains(upstreamIP) ||
-		(u.routeMatch != nil && u.routeMatch(upstreamIP))
+	addr := u.wgIface.Address()
+	var routed bool
+	if u.selectedRoutes != nil {
+		// Only a concrete prefix match binds to the tunnel: dialing
+		// through a private client for an upstream we can't prove is
+		// routed would break public resolvers.
+		routed, _ = haMapContains(u.selectedRoutes(), upstreamIP)
+	}
+	needsPrivate := addr.Network.Contains(upstreamIP) ||
+		addr.IPv6Net.Contains(upstreamIP) ||
+		routed
 	if needsPrivate {
 		log.Debugf("using private client to query %s via upstream %s", r.Question[0].Name, upstream)
-		client, err = GetClientPrivate(u.lIP, u.interfaceName, timeout)
+		client, err = GetClientPrivate(u.wgIface, upstreamIP, timeout)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("create private client: %s", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Cannot use client.ExchangeContext because it overwrites our Dialer
-	return ExchangeWithFallback(nil, client, r, upstream)
+	return ExchangeWithFallback(ctx, client, r, upstream)
 }
 
-// GetClientPrivate returns a new DNS client bound to the local IP address of the Netbird interface
-// This method is needed for iOS
-func GetClientPrivate(ip netip.Addr, interfaceName string, dialTimeout time.Duration) (*dns.Client, error) {
-	index, err := getInterfaceIndex(interfaceName)
+// GetClientPrivate returns a new DNS client bound to the local IP of the Netbird interface.
+// It selects the v6 bind address when the upstream is IPv6 and the interface has one, otherwise v4.
+func GetClientPrivate(iface privateClientIface, upstreamIP netip.Addr, dialTimeout time.Duration) (*dns.Client, error) {
+	index, err := getInterfaceIndex(iface.Name())
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("unable to get interface index for %s: %s", interfaceName, err)
+		log.Debugf("unable to get interface index for %s: %s", iface.Name(), err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	addr := iface.Address()
+	bindIP := addr.IP
+	if upstreamIP.Is6() && addr.HasIPv6() {
+		bindIP = addr.IPv6
+	}
+
+	proto, opt := unix.IPPROTO_IP, unix.IP_BOUND_IF
+	if bindIP.Is6() {
+		proto, opt = unix.IPPROTO_IPV6, unix.IPV6_BOUND_IF
+	}
+
 	dialer := &net.Dialer{
-		LocalAddr: &net.UDPAddr{
-			IP:   ip.AsSlice(),
-			Port: 0, // Let the OS pick a free port
-		},
-		Timeout: dialTimeout,
+		LocalAddr: net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(netip.AddrPortFrom(bindIP, 0)),
+		Timeout:   dialTimeout,
 		Control: func(network, address string, c syscall.RawConn) error {
 			var operr error
 			fn := func(s uintptr) {
-				operr = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(s), unix.IPPROTO_IP, unix.IP_BOUND_IF, index)
+				operr = unix.SetsockoptInt(int(s), proto, opt, index)
 			}
 
 			if err := c.Control(fn); err != nil {
@@ -117,8 +130,3 @@ func GetClientPrivate(ip netip.Addr, interfaceName string, dialTimeout time.Dura
 	}
 	return client, nil
 }
-
-func getInterfaceIndex(interfaceName string) (int, error) {
-	iface, err := net.InterfaceByName(interfaceName)
-	return iface.Index, err
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns/upstream_test.go b/client/internal/dns/upstream_test.go
index 1797fdad8..4c2784545 100644
--- a/client/internal/dns/upstream_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dns/upstream_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ func TestUpstreamResolver_ServeDNS(t *testing.T) {
 					servers = append(servers, netip.AddrPortFrom(addrPort.Addr().Unmap(), addrPort.Port()))
 				}
 			}
-			resolver.upstreamServers = servers
+			resolver.addRace(servers)
 			resolver.upstreamTimeout = testCase.timeout
 			if testCase.cancelCTX {
 				cancel()
@@ -132,20 +133,10 @@ func (m *mockNetstackProvider) GetInterfaceGUIDString() (string, error) {
 	return "", nil
 }
 
-type mockUpstreamResolver struct {
-	r   *dns.Msg
-	rtt time.Duration
-	err error
-}
-
-// exchange mock implementation of exchange from upstreamResolver
-func (c mockUpstreamResolver) exchange(_ context.Context, _ string, _ *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error) {
-	return c.r, c.rtt, c.err
-}
-
 type mockUpstreamResponse struct {
-	msg *dns.Msg
-	err error
+	msg   *dns.Msg
+	err   error
+	delay time.Duration
 }
 
 type mockUpstreamResolverPerServer struct {
@@ -153,63 +144,19 @@ type mockUpstreamResolverPerServer struct {
 	rtt       time.Duration
 }
 
-func (c mockUpstreamResolverPerServer) exchange(_ context.Context, upstream string, _ *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error) {
-	if r, ok := c.responses[upstream]; ok {
-		return r.msg, c.rtt, r.err
+func (c mockUpstreamResolverPerServer) exchange(ctx context.Context, upstream string, _ *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, time.Duration, error) {
+	r, ok := c.responses[upstream]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, c.rtt, fmt.Errorf("no mock response for %s", upstream)
 	}
-	return nil, c.rtt, fmt.Errorf("no mock response for %s", upstream)
-}
-
-func TestUpstreamResolver_DeactivationReactivation(t *testing.T) {
-	mockClient := &mockUpstreamResolver{
-		err: dns.ErrTime,
-		r:   new(dns.Msg),
-		rtt: time.Millisecond,
-	}
-
-	resolver := &upstreamResolverBase{
-		ctx:              context.TODO(),
-		upstreamClient:   mockClient,
-		upstreamTimeout:  UpstreamTimeout,
-		reactivatePeriod: time.Microsecond * 100,
-	}
-	addrPort, _ := netip.ParseAddrPort("0.0.0.0:1") // Use valid port for parsing, test will still fail on connection
-	resolver.upstreamServers = []netip.AddrPort{netip.AddrPortFrom(addrPort.Addr().Unmap(), addrPort.Port())}
-
-	failed := false
-	resolver.deactivate = func(error) {
-		failed = true
-		// After deactivation, make the mock client work again
-		mockClient.err = nil
-	}
-
-	reactivated := false
-	resolver.reactivate = func() {
-		reactivated = true
-	}
-
-	resolver.ProbeAvailability(context.TODO())
-
-	if !failed {
-		t.Errorf("expected that resolving was deactivated")
-		return
-	}
-
-	if !resolver.disabled {
-		t.Errorf("resolver should be Disabled")
-		return
-	}
-
-	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 200)
-
-	if !reactivated {
-		t.Errorf("expected that resolving was reactivated")
-		return
-	}
-
-	if resolver.disabled {
-		t.Errorf("should be enabled")
+	if r.delay > 0 {
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(r.delay):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, c.rtt, ctx.Err()
+		}
 	}
+	return r.msg, c.rtt, r.err
 }
 
 func TestUpstreamResolver_Failover(t *testing.T) {
@@ -339,9 +286,9 @@ func TestUpstreamResolver_Failover(t *testing.T) {
 			resolver := &upstreamResolverBase{
 				ctx:             ctx,
 				upstreamClient:  trackingClient,
-				upstreamServers: []netip.AddrPort{upstream1, upstream2},
 				upstreamTimeout: UpstreamTimeout,
 			}
+			resolver.addRace([]netip.AddrPort{upstream1, upstream2})
 
 			var responseMSG *dns.Msg
 			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
@@ -421,9 +368,9 @@ func TestUpstreamResolver_SingleUpstreamFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	resolver := &upstreamResolverBase{
 		ctx:             ctx,
 		upstreamClient:  mockClient,
-		upstreamServers: []netip.AddrPort{upstream},
 		upstreamTimeout: UpstreamTimeout,
 	}
+	resolver.addRace([]netip.AddrPort{upstream})
 
 	var responseMSG *dns.Msg
 	responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
@@ -440,6 +387,208 @@ func TestUpstreamResolver_SingleUpstreamFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, responseMSG.Rcode, "single upstream SERVFAIL should return SERVFAIL")
 }
 
+// TestUpstreamResolver_RaceAcrossGroups covers two nameserver groups
+// configured for the same domain, with one broken group. The merge+race
+// path should answer as fast as the working group and not pay the timeout
+// of the broken one on every query.
+func TestUpstreamResolver_RaceAcrossGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	broken := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.1:53")
+	working := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.2:53")
+	successAnswer := "192.0.2.100"
+	timeoutErr := &net.OpError{Op: "read", Err: fmt.Errorf("i/o timeout")}
+
+	mockClient := &mockUpstreamResolverPerServer{
+		responses: map[string]mockUpstreamResponse{
+			// Force the broken upstream to only unblock via timeout /
+			// cancellation so the assertion below can't pass if races
+			// were run serially.
+			broken.String():  {err: timeoutErr, delay: 500 * time.Millisecond},
+			working.String(): {msg: buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeSuccess, successAnswer)},
+		},
+		rtt: time.Millisecond,
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	resolver := &upstreamResolverBase{
+		ctx:             ctx,
+		upstreamClient:  mockClient,
+		upstreamTimeout: 250 * time.Millisecond,
+	}
+	resolver.addRace([]netip.AddrPort{broken})
+	resolver.addRace([]netip.AddrPort{working})
+
+	var responseMSG *dns.Msg
+	responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+		WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+			responseMSG = m
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	inputMSG := new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion("example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+	start := time.Now()
+	resolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, inputMSG)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, responseMSG, "should write a response")
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, responseMSG.Rcode)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, responseMSG.Answer)
+	assert.Contains(t, responseMSG.Answer[0].String(), successAnswer)
+	// Working group answers in a single RTT; the broken group's
+	// timeout (100ms) must not block the response.
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, 100*time.Millisecond, "race must not wait for broken group's timeout")
+}
+
+// TestUpstreamResolver_AllGroupsFail checks that when every group fails the
+// resolver returns SERVFAIL rather than leaking a partial response.
+func TestUpstreamResolver_AllGroupsFail(t *testing.T) {
+	a := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.1:53")
+	b := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.2:53")
+
+	mockClient := &mockUpstreamResolverPerServer{
+		responses: map[string]mockUpstreamResponse{
+			a.String(): {msg: buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeServerFailure, "")},
+			b.String(): {msg: buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeServerFailure, "")},
+		},
+		rtt: time.Millisecond,
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	resolver := &upstreamResolverBase{
+		ctx:             ctx,
+		upstreamClient:  mockClient,
+		upstreamTimeout: UpstreamTimeout,
+	}
+	resolver.addRace([]netip.AddrPort{a})
+	resolver.addRace([]netip.AddrPort{b})
+
+	var responseMSG *dns.Msg
+	responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+		WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+			responseMSG = m
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	resolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion("example.com.", dns.TypeA))
+	require.NotNil(t, responseMSG)
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, responseMSG.Rcode)
+}
+
+// TestUpstreamResolver_HealthTracking verifies that query-path results are
+// recorded into per-upstream health, which is what projects back to
+// NSGroupState for status reporting.
+func TestUpstreamResolver_HealthTracking(t *testing.T) {
+	ok := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.10:53")
+	bad := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.11:53")
+
+	mockClient := &mockUpstreamResolverPerServer{
+		responses: map[string]mockUpstreamResponse{
+			ok.String():  {msg: buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeSuccess, "192.0.2.100")},
+			bad.String(): {msg: buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeServerFailure, "")},
+		},
+		rtt: time.Millisecond,
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	resolver := &upstreamResolverBase{
+		ctx:             ctx,
+		upstreamClient:  mockClient,
+		upstreamTimeout: UpstreamTimeout,
+	}
+	resolver.addRace([]netip.AddrPort{ok, bad})
+
+	responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error { return nil }}
+	resolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion("example.com.", dns.TypeA))
+
+	health := resolver.UpstreamHealth()
+	require.Contains(t, health, ok)
+	assert.False(t, health[ok].LastOk.IsZero(), "ok upstream should have LastOk set")
+	assert.Empty(t, health[ok].LastErr)
+
+	// bad upstream was never tried because ok answered first; its health
+	// should remain unset.
+	assert.NotContains(t, health, bad, "sibling upstream should not be queried when primary answers")
+}
+
+// TestUpstreamResolver_HealthTracking_ResponseMeansReachable verifies that an
+// upstream which answers with SERVFAIL or REFUSED is recorded as healthy:
+// those are per-question outcomes from a reachable server and must not mark
+// the upstream unhealthy. Only transport failures (timeouts) do.
+func TestUpstreamResolver_HealthTracking_ResponseMeansReachable(t *testing.T) {
+	a := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.10:53")
+	b := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.11:53")
+	timeoutErr := &net.OpError{Op: "read", Err: fmt.Errorf("i/o timeout")}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		respA       mockUpstreamResponse
+		respB       mockUpstreamResponse
+		wantHealthy bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "both SERVFAIL are reachable",
+			respA:       mockUpstreamResponse{msg: buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeServerFailure, "")},
+			respB:       mockUpstreamResponse{msg: buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeServerFailure, "")},
+			wantHealthy: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "both REFUSED are reachable",
+			respA:       mockUpstreamResponse{msg: buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeRefused, "")},
+			respB:       mockUpstreamResponse{msg: buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeRefused, "")},
+			wantHealthy: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "timeout marks unhealthy",
+			respA:       mockUpstreamResponse{err: timeoutErr},
+			respB:       mockUpstreamResponse{err: timeoutErr},
+			wantHealthy: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mockClient := &mockUpstreamResolverPerServer{
+				responses: map[string]mockUpstreamResponse{
+					a.String(): tc.respA,
+					b.String(): tc.respB,
+				},
+				rtt: time.Millisecond,
+			}
+
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+
+			resolver := &upstreamResolverBase{
+				ctx:             ctx,
+				upstreamClient:  mockClient,
+				upstreamTimeout: UpstreamTimeout,
+			}
+			resolver.addRace([]netip.AddrPort{a, b})
+
+			responseWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error { return nil }}
+			resolver.ServeDNS(responseWriter, new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion("example.com.", dns.TypeA))
+
+			health := resolver.UpstreamHealth()
+			require.Contains(t, health, a, "primary upstream should have a health record")
+			if tc.wantHealthy {
+				assert.False(t, health[a].LastOk.IsZero(), "responding upstream should have LastOk set")
+				assert.True(t, health[a].LastFail.IsZero(), "responding upstream should not be marked failed")
+				assert.Empty(t, health[a].LastErr, "responding upstream should have no error")
+			} else {
+				assert.False(t, health[a].LastFail.IsZero(), "timed-out upstream should be marked failed")
+				assert.NotEmpty(t, health[a].LastErr, "timed-out upstream should record an error")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestFormatFailures(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name     string
@@ -665,10 +814,10 @@ func TestExchangeWithFallback_EDNS0Capped(t *testing.T) {
 	// Verify that a client EDNS0 larger than our MTU-derived limit gets
 	// capped in the outgoing request so the upstream doesn't send a
 	// response larger than our read buffer.
-	var receivedUDPSize uint16
+	var receivedUDPSize atomic.Uint32
 	udpHandler := dns.HandlerFunc(func(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 		if opt := r.IsEdns0(); opt != nil {
-			receivedUDPSize = opt.UDPSize()
+			receivedUDPSize.Store(uint32(opt.UDPSize()))
 		}
 		m := new(dns.Msg)
 		m.SetReply(r)
@@ -699,7 +848,7 @@ func TestExchangeWithFallback_EDNS0Capped(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NotNil(t, rm)
 
 	expectedMax := uint16(currentMTU - ipUDPHeaderSize)
-	assert.Equal(t, expectedMax, receivedUDPSize,
+	assert.Equal(t, expectedMax, uint16(receivedUDPSize.Load()),
 		"upstream should see capped EDNS0, not the client's 4096")
 }
 
@@ -770,3 +919,119 @@ func TestExchangeWithFallback_TCPTruncatesToClientSize(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Less(t, len(rm2.Answer), 20, "small EDNS0 client should get fewer records")
 	assert.True(t, rm2.Truncated, "response should be truncated for small buffer client")
 }
+
+func msgWithEDE(rcode int, codes ...uint16) *dns.Msg {
+	m := new(dns.Msg)
+	m.Response = true
+	m.Rcode = rcode
+	if len(codes) == 0 {
+		return m
+	}
+	opt := &dns.OPT{Hdr: dns.RR_Header{Name: ".", Rrtype: dns.TypeOPT}}
+	opt.SetUDPSize(dns.MinMsgSize)
+	for _, c := range codes {
+		opt.Option = append(opt.Option, &dns.EDNS0_EDE{InfoCode: c})
+	}
+	m.Extra = append(m.Extra, opt)
+	return m
+}
+
+func TestNonRetryableEDE(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		msg      *dns.Msg
+		wantOK   bool
+		wantCode uint16
+	}{
+		{name: "no edns0", msg: msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure)},
+		{
+			name: "opt without ede",
+			msg: func() *dns.Msg {
+				m := msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure)
+				opt := &dns.OPT{Hdr: dns.RR_Header{Name: ".", Rrtype: dns.TypeOPT}}
+				opt.Option = append(opt.Option, &dns.EDNS0_NSID{Code: dns.EDNS0NSID})
+				m.Extra = []dns.RR{opt}
+				return m
+			}(),
+		},
+		{name: "ede dnsbogus", msg: msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeDNSBogus), wantOK: true, wantCode: dns.ExtendedErrorCodeDNSBogus},
+		{name: "ede signature expired", msg: msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeSignatureExpired), wantOK: true, wantCode: dns.ExtendedErrorCodeSignatureExpired},
+		{name: "ede blocked", msg: msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeBlocked), wantOK: true, wantCode: dns.ExtendedErrorCodeBlocked},
+		{name: "ede prohibited", msg: msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeRefused, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeProhibited), wantOK: true, wantCode: dns.ExtendedErrorCodeProhibited},
+		{name: "ede cached error retryable", msg: msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeCachedError)},
+		{name: "ede network error retryable", msg: msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeNetworkError)},
+		{name: "ede not ready retryable", msg: msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeNotReady)},
+		{
+			name:     "first non-retryable wins",
+			msg:      msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeNetworkError, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeDNSBogus),
+			wantOK:   true,
+			wantCode: dns.ExtendedErrorCodeDNSBogus,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			code, ok := nonRetryableEDE(tc.msg)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantOK, ok, "ok should match")
+			if tc.wantOK {
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.wantCode, code, "code should match")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEDEName(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, "DNSSEC Bogus", edeName(dns.ExtendedErrorCodeDNSBogus))
+	assert.Equal(t, "Signature Expired", edeName(dns.ExtendedErrorCodeSignatureExpired))
+	assert.Equal(t, "EDE 9999", edeName(9999), "unknown code falls back to numeric")
+}
+
+func TestUpstreamResolver_NonRetryableEDEShortCircuits(t *testing.T) {
+	upstream1 := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.1:53")
+	upstream2 := netip.MustParseAddrPort("192.0.2.2:53")
+
+	servfailWithEDE := msgWithEDE(dns.RcodeServerFailure, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeDNSBogus)
+	successResp := buildMockResponse(dns.RcodeSuccess, "192.0.2.100")
+
+	var queried []string
+	tracking := &trackingMockClient{
+		inner: &mockUpstreamResolverPerServer{
+			responses: map[string]mockUpstreamResponse{
+				upstream1.String(): {msg: servfailWithEDE},
+				upstream2.String(): {msg: successResp},
+			},
+			rtt: time.Millisecond,
+		},
+		queriedUpstreams: &queried,
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	resolver := &upstreamResolverBase{
+		ctx:             ctx,
+		upstreamClient:  tracking,
+		upstreamServers: []upstreamRace{{upstream1, upstream2}},
+		upstreamTimeout: UpstreamTimeout,
+	}
+
+	var written *dns.Msg
+	w := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+		WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+			written = m
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Client query without EDNS0 must not see an OPT in the response.
+	q := new(dns.Msg).SetQuestion("example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+	resolver.ServeDNS(w, q)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, written, "response must be written")
+	assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, written.Rcode, "SERVFAIL must propagate")
+	assert.Len(t, queried, 1, "only first upstream should be queried")
+	assert.Equal(t, upstream1.String(), queried[0])
+	for _, rr := range written.Extra {
+		_, isOPT := rr.(*dns.OPT)
+		assert.False(t, isOPT, "synthetic OPT must not leak to a non-EDNS0 client")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns_peer_activator.go b/client/internal/dns_peer_activator.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c283d6251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/dns_peer_activator.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peerstore"
+)
+
+const dnsActivationPollInterval = 50 * time.Millisecond
+
+// dnsPeerActivator wakes lazy-connection peers from the DNS resolution path. It
+// implements dns/local.PeerActivator. DNS queries run on their own goroutines,
+// so it only touches state that is safe for concurrent use — ConnMgr.ActivatePeer,
+// peerstore.Store and peer.Status — and never takes the engine's syncMsgMux,
+// keeping DNS resolution from contending with network-map processing.
+type dnsPeerActivator struct {
+	connMgr   *ConnMgr
+	peerStore *peerstore.Store
+	status    *peer.Status
+	// ctx is the engine's long-lived context. The connection dial is tied to it
+	// (not the per-query DNS wait budget) so a handshake that outlasts the wait
+	// still completes in the background rather than being cancelled at the deadline.
+	ctx context.Context
+}
+
+// ActivatePeersByIP triggers wake-up for the peer(s) owning addrs and waits
+// until one is connected or ctx (the per-query DNS wait budget) expires.
+// Activation itself is tied to the engine's long-lived context so the dial
+// survives a wait that times out. Unknown or already-connected addresses are
+// skipped, so the steady-state (warm) path adds no latency.
+func (a *dnsPeerActivator) ActivatePeersByIP(ctx context.Context, addrs []netip.Addr) {
+	if a == nil || a.connMgr == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var pending []string
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		ip := addr.String()
+		st, ok := a.status.PeerStateByIP(ip)
+		if !ok || st.ConnStatus == peer.StatusConnected {
+			continue
+		}
+		conn, ok := a.peerStore.PeerConn(st.PubKey)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		a.connMgr.ActivatePeer(a.ctx, conn)
+		pending = append(pending, ip)
+	}
+
+	if len(pending) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	a.waitConnected(ctx, pending)
+}
+
+// waitConnected blocks until any of ips reports a connected peer or ctx expires.
+func (a *dnsPeerActivator) waitConnected(ctx context.Context, ips []string) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(dnsActivationPollInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		for _, ip := range ips {
+			if st, ok := a.status.PeerStateByIP(ip); ok && st.ConnStatus == peer.StatusConnected {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns_peer_activator_test.go b/client/internal/dns_peer_activator_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c3b75e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/dns_peer_activator_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peerstore"
+)
+
+func newTestPeerConn(t *testing.T, key string) *peer.Conn {
+	t.Helper()
+	conn, err := peer.NewConn(peer.ConnConfig{
+		Key:      key,
+		LocalKey: "local",
+		WgConfig: peer.WgConfig{
+			AllowedIps: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.1/32")},
+		},
+	}, peer.ServiceDependencies{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return conn
+}
+
+func newTestDNSPeerActivator(t *testing.T) (*dnsPeerActivator, *peer.Status, *peerstore.Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+	status := peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	store := peerstore.NewConnStore()
+	// ConnMgr without Start: the lazy manager is nil, so ActivatePeer is a
+	// no-op — these tests exercise the activator's skip/wait logic.
+	connMgr := NewConnMgr(&EngineConfig{}, status, store, nil)
+	return &dnsPeerActivator{
+		connMgr:   connMgr,
+		peerStore: store,
+		status:    status,
+		ctx:       context.Background(),
+	}, status, store
+}
+
+func TestDNSPeerActivator_NilSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	var a *dnsPeerActivator
+	a.ActivatePeersByIP(context.Background(), []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")})
+}
+
+// TestDNSPeerActivator_SkipsUnknownAndConnectedPeers verifies the steady-state
+// (warm) path adds no latency: already-connected and unknown addresses never
+// enter the wait loop.
+func TestDNSPeerActivator_SkipsUnknownAndConnectedPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	a, status, store := newTestDNSPeerActivator(t)
+
+	require.NoError(t, status.AddPeer("peerA", "a.netbird.cloud", "100.64.0.1", "fd00::1"))
+	require.NoError(t, status.UpdatePeerState(peer.State{PubKey: "peerA", ConnStatus: peer.StatusConnected}))
+	store.AddPeerConn("peerA", newTestPeerConn(t, "peerA"))
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	a.ActivatePeersByIP(ctx, []netip.Addr{
+		netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),  // known, connected -> skipped
+		netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),     // known via IPv6, connected -> skipped
+		netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.99"), // unknown -> skipped
+	})
+	require.Less(t, time.Since(start), time.Second, "no pending peer must mean no wait")
+}
+
+// TestDNSPeerActivator_WaitsForPendingPeerToConnect verifies the wait loop
+// returns as soon as a pending peer reports connected, well before the
+// per-query budget expires.
+func TestDNSPeerActivator_WaitsForPendingPeerToConnect(t *testing.T) {
+	a, status, store := newTestDNSPeerActivator(t)
+
+	require.NoError(t, status.AddPeer("peerA", "a.netbird.cloud", "100.64.0.1", ""))
+	store.AddPeerConn("peerA", newTestPeerConn(t, "peerA"))
+
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
+		_ = status.UpdatePeerState(peer.State{PubKey: "peerA", ConnStatus: peer.StatusConnected})
+	}()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	a.ActivatePeersByIP(ctx, []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")})
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, 100*time.Millisecond, "must wait for the pending peer")
+	require.Less(t, elapsed, 5*time.Second, "must return on connect, not at the deadline")
+}
+
+// TestDNSPeerActivator_ReturnsAtBudgetWhenPeerStaysIdle verifies a peer that
+// never connects releases the DNS response at the per-query budget instead of
+// blocking it indefinitely.
+func TestDNSPeerActivator_ReturnsAtBudgetWhenPeerStaysIdle(t *testing.T) {
+	a, status, store := newTestDNSPeerActivator(t)
+
+	require.NoError(t, status.AddPeer("peerA", "a.netbird.cloud", "100.64.0.1", ""))
+	store.AddPeerConn("peerA", newTestPeerConn(t, "peerA"))
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 300*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	a.ActivatePeersByIP(ctx, []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")})
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, 250*time.Millisecond, "must wait out the budget for a pending peer")
+	require.Less(t, elapsed, 5*time.Second, "must not block past the budget")
+}
+
+// TestDNSPeerActivator_NoWaitWithoutPeerConn verifies a known-but-idle peer
+// with no connection object in the store is not waited on: there is nothing to
+// activate, so waiting could only ever time out.
+func TestDNSPeerActivator_NoWaitWithoutPeerConn(t *testing.T) {
+	a, status, _ := newTestDNSPeerActivator(t)
+
+	require.NoError(t, status.AddPeer("peerA", "a.netbird.cloud", "100.64.0.1", ""))
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	a.ActivatePeersByIP(ctx, []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")})
+	require.Less(t, time.Since(start), time.Second, "peer without a conn must not be waited on")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dns_test.go b/client/internal/dns_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..031431efe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/dns_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func TestCreatePTRRecord_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
+	record := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "peer1.netbird.cloud.",
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   300,
+		RData: "100.64.0.5",
+	}
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16")
+
+	ptr, ok := createPTRRecord(record, prefix)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "5.0.64.100.in-addr.arpa.", ptr.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, int(dns.TypePTR), ptr.Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "peer1.netbird.cloud.", ptr.RData)
+}
+
+func TestCreatePTRRecord_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	record := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "peer1.netbird.cloud.",
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeAAAA),
+		Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+		TTL:   300,
+		RData: "fd00:1234:5678::1",
+	}
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234:5678::/48")
+
+	ptr, ok := createPTRRecord(record, prefix)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.0.0.d.f.ip6.arpa.", ptr.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, int(dns.TypePTR), ptr.Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "peer1.netbird.cloud.", ptr.RData)
+}
+
+func TestCreatePTRRecord_OutOfRange(t *testing.T) {
+	record := nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+		Name:  "peer1.netbird.cloud.",
+		Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+		RData: "10.0.0.1",
+	}
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16")
+
+	_, ok := createPTRRecord(record, prefix)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateReverseZoneName_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		prefix   string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{"100.64.0.0/16", "64.100.in-addr.arpa."},
+		{"10.0.0.0/8", "10.in-addr.arpa."},
+		{"192.168.1.0/24", "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa."},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.prefix, func(t *testing.T) {
+			zone, err := generateReverseZoneName(netip.MustParsePrefix(tt.prefix))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, zone)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenerateReverseZoneName_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		prefix   string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{"fd00:1234:5678::/48", "8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.0.0.d.f.ip6.arpa."},
+		{"fd00::/16", "0.0.d.f.ip6.arpa."},
+		{"fd12:3456:789a:bcde::/64", "e.d.c.b.a.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.d.f.ip6.arpa."},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.prefix, func(t *testing.T) {
+			zone, err := generateReverseZoneName(netip.MustParsePrefix(tt.prefix))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, zone)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollectPTRRecords_BothFamilies(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &nbdns.Config{
+		CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+			{
+				Domain: "netbird.cloud.",
+				Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+					{Name: "peer1.netbird.cloud.", Type: int(dns.TypeA), RData: "100.64.0.1"},
+					{Name: "peer1.netbird.cloud.", Type: int(dns.TypeAAAA), RData: "fd00::1"},
+					{Name: "peer2.netbird.cloud.", Type: int(dns.TypeA), RData: "100.64.0.2"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	v4Records := collectPTRRecords(config, netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"))
+	assert.Len(t, v4Records, 2, "should collect 2 A record PTRs for the v4 prefix")
+
+	v6Records := collectPTRRecords(config, netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/64"))
+	assert.Len(t, v6Records, 1, "should collect 1 AAAA record PTR for the v6 prefix")
+}
+
+func TestAddReverseZone_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &nbdns.Config{
+		CustomZones: []nbdns.CustomZone{
+			{
+				Domain: "netbird.cloud.",
+				Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+					{Name: "peer1.netbird.cloud.", Type: int(dns.TypeAAAA), RData: "fd00:1234:5678::1"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	addReverseZone(config, netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234:5678::/48"))
+
+	require.Len(t, config.CustomZones, 2)
+	reverseZone := config.CustomZones[1]
+	assert.Equal(t, "8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1.0.0.d.f.ip6.arpa.", reverseZone.Domain)
+	assert.Len(t, reverseZone.Records, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, int(dns.TypePTR), reverseZone.Records[0].Type)
+}
+
+// TestToDNSConfig_ZoneFlagsPreserved pins the per-zone NonAuthoritative flag
+// through the legacy DNSConfig path. A non-authoritative zone is match-only:
+// the local resolver falls through to the upstream for an in-zone name it does
+// not define. The built-in peer zone is the authoritative one and must stay
+// that way, so the flag has to travel per zone rather than be derived.
+func TestToDNSConfig_ZoneFlagsPreserved(t *testing.T) {
+	config := toDNSConfig(&mgmProto.DNSConfig{
+		ServiceEnable: true,
+		CustomZones: []*mgmProto.CustomZone{
+			{
+				Domain: "netbird.cloud.",
+				Records: []*mgmProto.SimpleRecord{
+					{Name: "peer1.netbird.cloud.", Type: int64(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "100.64.0.1"},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Domain:               "corp.internal.",
+				NonAuthoritative:     true,
+				SearchDomainDisabled: true,
+				Records: []*mgmProto.SimpleRecord{
+					{Name: "db.corp.internal.", Type: int64(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.10.0.5"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}, wgaddr.Address{
+		IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"),
+	})
+
+	zones := make(map[string]nbdns.CustomZone, len(config.CustomZones))
+	for _, zone := range config.CustomZones {
+		zones[zone.Domain] = zone
+	}
+
+	peerZone, ok := zones["netbird.cloud."]
+	require.True(t, ok, "peer zone must survive")
+	assert.False(t, peerZone.NonAuthoritative, "the built-in peer zone owns the account domain and stays authoritative")
+
+	accountZone, ok := zones["corp.internal."]
+	require.True(t, ok, "account zone must survive")
+	assert.True(t, accountZone.NonAuthoritative, "an account zone stays match-only, else undefined in-zone names get black-holed")
+	assert.True(t, accountZone.SearchDomainDisabled)
+}
+
+// TestToDNSConfig_SingleZoneForcedAuthoritative pins the compatibility clause
+// in toDNSConfig: a config carrying exactly one zone is treated as
+// authoritative no matter what the server said, because servers that predate
+// the NonAuthoritative field send only the peer FQDN zone.
+//
+// The clause can only ever downgrade an explicit true to false, so a server
+// that legitimately sends a single non-authoritative zone — an account whose
+// only zone is a custom one, with no peer records to build the built-in zone
+// from — gets that zone's whole apex black-holed on the client. Real accounts
+// always carry the peer zone alongside, which is why this is latent. Narrowing
+// it needs a way to tell "unset" from "false" on the wire, or the account
+// domain passed down here; until then this test states the contract so a
+// change to it is deliberate.
+func TestToDNSConfig_SingleZoneForcedAuthoritative(t *testing.T) {
+	config := toDNSConfig(&mgmProto.DNSConfig{
+		ServiceEnable: true,
+		CustomZones: []*mgmProto.CustomZone{
+			{
+				Domain:           "corp.internal.",
+				NonAuthoritative: true,
+				Records: []*mgmProto.SimpleRecord{
+					{Name: "db.corp.internal.", Type: int64(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.10.0.5"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}, wgaddr.Address{
+		IP:      netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/16"),
+	})
+
+	require.NotEmpty(t, config.CustomZones)
+	assert.Equal(t, "corp.internal.", config.CustomZones[0].Domain)
+	assert.False(t, config.CustomZones[0].NonAuthoritative,
+		"a lone zone is forced authoritative for pre-NonAuthoritative servers")
+
+	// The reverse zone the config gains afterwards must not feed back into the
+	// decision: the compat gate counts the zones the server sent.
+	require.Len(t, config.CustomZones, 2, "a reverse zone is appended for the overlay prefix")
+	assert.Equal(t, "64.100.in-addr.arpa.", config.CustomZones[1].Domain)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder.go b/client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder.go
index 2e8ef84ab..e3cb597be 100644
--- a/client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder.go
+++ b/client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder.go
@@ -26,8 +26,23 @@ import (
 const errResolveFailed = "failed to resolve query for domain=%s: %v"
 const upstreamTimeout = 15 * time.Second
 
+// EDE info codes the forwarder emits on upstream failures so the querying
+// client can see the reason without inspecting this peer's logs. They live in
+// the RFC 8914 Private Use range (49152-65535); the Go resolver never exposes a
+// real upstream EDE here, so these cannot collide with a genuine code.
+const (
+	edeNetbirdUpstreamTimeout uint16 = 49152
+	edeNetbirdUpstreamFailure uint16 = 49153
+)
+
 type resolver interface {
 	LookupNetIP(ctx context.Context, network, host string) ([]netip.Addr, error)
+	LookupMX(ctx context.Context, name string) ([]*net.MX, error)
+	LookupTXT(ctx context.Context, name string) ([]string, error)
+	LookupNS(ctx context.Context, name string) ([]*net.NS, error)
+	LookupSRV(ctx context.Context, service, proto, name string) (string, []*net.SRV, error)
+	LookupCNAME(ctx context.Context, host string) (string, error)
+	LookupAddr(ctx context.Context, addr string) ([]string, error)
 }
 
 type firewaller interface {
@@ -39,12 +54,20 @@ type DNSForwarder struct {
 	ttl            uint32
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 
-	dnsServer *dns.Server
-	mux       *dns.ServeMux
-	tcpServer *dns.Server
-	tcpMux    *dns.ServeMux
+	mux    *dns.ServeMux
+	tcpMux *dns.ServeMux
 
-	mutex      sync.RWMutex
+	mutex sync.RWMutex
+	// closed records that Close has run, so a Listen still in flight does not
+	// go on to serve sockets nobody will shut down.
+	closed bool
+	// The sockets are kept alongside the servers because closing them is the
+	// only stop that always works: a server whose ActivateAndServe has not run
+	// yet refuses to shut down, and would otherwise start serving afterwards.
+	udpConn    net.PacketConn
+	tcpLn      net.Listener
+	dnsServer  *dns.Server
+	tcpServer  *dns.Server
 	fwdEntries []*ForwarderEntry
 	firewall   firewaller
 	resolver   resolver
@@ -91,7 +114,7 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(entries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 	mux := dns.NewServeMux()
 	f.mux = mux
 	mux.HandleFunc(".", f.handleDNSQueryUDP)
-	f.dnsServer = &dns.Server{
+	dnsServer := &dns.Server{
 		PacketConn: udpLn,
 		Handler:    mux,
 	}
@@ -99,22 +122,32 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) Listen(entries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 	tcpMux := dns.NewServeMux()
 	f.tcpMux = tcpMux
 	tcpMux.HandleFunc(".", f.handleDNSQueryTCP)
-	f.tcpServer = &dns.Server{
+	tcpServer := &dns.Server{
 		Listener: tcpLn,
 		Handler:  tcpMux,
 	}
 
-	f.UpdateDomains(entries)
+	if !f.publish(udpLn, tcpLn, dnsServer, tcpServer, entries) {
+		log.Infof("DNS forwarder on %s was closed before it started serving", addrDesc)
+		if err := udpLn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close UDP listener of a closed forwarder: %v", err)
+		}
+		if err := tcpLn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close TCP listener of a closed forwarder: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	log.Debugf("DNS forwarder serving %d domains", len(entries))
 
 	errCh := make(chan error, 2)
 
 	go func() {
 		log.Infof("DNS UDP listener running on %s", addrDesc)
-		errCh <- f.dnsServer.ActivateAndServe()
+		errCh <- dnsServer.ActivateAndServe()
 	}()
 	go func() {
 		log.Infof("DNS TCP listener running on %s", addrDesc)
-		errCh <- f.tcpServer.ActivateAndServe()
+		errCh <- tcpServer.ActivateAndServe()
 	}()
 
 	return <-errCh
@@ -136,6 +169,46 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) createTCPListener(netstackNet *netstack.Net) (net.Listene
 	return net.ListenTCP("tcp", net.TCPAddrFromAddrPort(f.listenAddress))
 }
 
+// publish hands the sockets, servers and entries to the forwarder so Close can
+// reach them and Domains can report them, and says whether serving may begin.
+// Listen runs on its own goroutine, so a Close can arrive before it gets this
+// far; false means the caller must close what it created instead of serving on
+// it.
+//
+// The entries go in under the same lock rather than afterwards. Anything that
+// reads them in between would otherwise see a forwarder that is listening and
+// serves no domain, which for a caller rebuilding one means it comes back
+// refusing every routed query.
+func (f *DNSForwarder) publish(
+	udpConn net.PacketConn,
+	tcpLn net.Listener,
+	dnsServer, tcpServer *dns.Server,
+	entries []*ForwarderEntry,
+) bool {
+	f.mutex.Lock()
+	defer f.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if f.closed {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	f.udpConn = udpConn
+	f.tcpLn = tcpLn
+	f.dnsServer = dnsServer
+	f.tcpServer = tcpServer
+	f.fwdEntries = entries
+	return true
+}
+
+// Domains returns the entries currently being served. The slice is replaced
+// wholesale by UpdateDomains rather than mutated, so the caller may read it but
+// must not write to it.
+func (f *DNSForwarder) Domains() []*ForwarderEntry {
+	f.mutex.RLock()
+	defer f.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return f.fwdEntries
+}
+
 func (f *DNSForwarder) UpdateDomains(entries []*ForwarderEntry) {
 	f.mutex.Lock()
 	defer f.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -174,19 +247,45 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) removeStaleCacheEntries(oldEntries, newEntries []*Forward
 }
 
 func (f *DNSForwarder) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Marked closed under the lock so a Listen that has not published its
+	// servers yet gives up instead of racing this shutdown. The shutdowns
+	// themselves block, so they run outside it.
+	f.mutex.Lock()
+	f.closed = true
+	dnsServer, tcpServer := f.dnsServer, f.tcpServer
+	udpConn, tcpLn := f.udpConn, f.tcpLn
+	f.mutex.Unlock()
+
 	var result *multierror.Error
 
-	if f.dnsServer != nil {
-		if err := f.dnsServer.ShutdownContext(ctx); err != nil {
+	if dnsServer != nil {
+		if err := shutdownServer(ctx, dnsServer); err != nil {
 			result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("UDP shutdown: %w", err))
 		}
 	}
-	if f.tcpServer != nil {
-		if err := f.tcpServer.ShutdownContext(ctx); err != nil {
+	if tcpServer != nil {
+		if err := shutdownServer(ctx, tcpServer); err != nil {
 			result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("TCP shutdown: %w", err))
 		}
 	}
 
+	// The sockets are closed even when the shutdowns above reported nothing to
+	// do. A server that has been published but has not reached
+	// ActivateAndServe refuses to shut down, and closing what it was about to
+	// serve on is what stops it: the alternative is a listener still answering
+	// on an interface that has gone away. A shutdown that did run has already
+	// closed these, so the second close is expected to fail.
+	if udpConn != nil {
+		if err := udpConn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close UDP socket of the DNS forwarder: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if tcpLn != nil {
+		if err := tcpLn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close TCP socket of the DNS forwarder: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
 }
 
@@ -201,12 +300,6 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSQuery(logger *log.Entry, w dns.ResponseWriter, q
 		qname, dns.TypeToString[question.Qtype], dns.ClassToString[question.Qclass])
 
 	resp := query.SetReply(query)
-	network := resutil.NetworkForQtype(question.Qtype)
-	if network == "" {
-		resp.Rcode = dns.RcodeNotImplemented
-		f.writeResponse(logger, w, resp, qname, startTime)
-		return
-	}
 
 	mostSpecificResId, matchingEntries := f.getMatchingEntries(strings.TrimSuffix(qname, "."))
 	if mostSpecificResId == "" {
@@ -218,9 +311,46 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSQuery(logger *log.Entry, w dns.ResponseWriter, q
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), upstreamTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
+	reqHasEdns := query.IsEdns0() != nil
+
+	switch question.Qtype {
+	case dns.TypeA, dns.TypeAAAA:
+		f.handleAddressQuery(ctx, logger, w, resp, mostSpecificResId, matchingEntries, reqHasEdns, startTime)
+	case dns.TypeMX, dns.TypeTXT, dns.TypeNS, dns.TypeSRV, dns.TypeCNAME, dns.TypePTR:
+		f.handleRecordQuery(ctx, logger, w, resp, startTime)
+	default:
+		// The domain is routed here, so any other type is answered NODATA
+		// (NOERROR, empty answer) rather than falling back to a resolver that
+		// would poison the name with NXDOMAIN. The Extended DNS Error lets a
+		// client tell this capability-driven NODATA apart from an
+		// authoritative one. The OPT pseudo-record must not appear unless the
+		// query advertised EDNS0.
+		if reqHasEdns {
+			attachEDE(resp, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeNotSupported, "netbird forwarder: unsupported query type")
+		}
+		f.writeResponse(logger, w, resp, qname, startTime)
+	}
+}
+
+// handleAddressQuery resolves A/AAAA queries, programs the firewall sets and
+// resolved-IP state, and caches the answer for resilience on upstream failure.
+func (f *DNSForwarder) handleAddressQuery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	logger *log.Entry,
+	w dns.ResponseWriter,
+	resp *dns.Msg,
+	mostSpecificResId route.ResID,
+	matchingEntries []*ForwarderEntry,
+	reqHasEdns bool,
+	startTime time.Time,
+) {
+	question := resp.Question[0]
+	qname := strings.ToLower(question.Name)
+
+	network := resutil.NetworkForQtype(question.Qtype)
 	result := resutil.LookupIP(ctx, f.resolver, network, qname, question.Qtype)
 	if result.Err != nil {
-		f.handleDNSError(ctx, logger, w, question, resp, qname, result, startTime)
+		f.handleDNSError(ctx, logger, w, question, resp, qname, result, reqHasEdns, startTime)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -231,6 +361,25 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSQuery(logger *log.Entry, w dns.ResponseWriter, q
 	f.writeResponse(logger, w, resp, qname, startTime)
 }
 
+// handleRecordQuery resolves non-address record types (MX, TXT, NS, SRV,
+// CNAME, PTR) through the host resolver. Missing records are answered NODATA so
+// the routed name is never poisoned with NXDOMAIN.
+func (f *DNSForwarder) handleRecordQuery(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	logger *log.Entry,
+	w dns.ResponseWriter,
+	resp *dns.Msg,
+	startTime time.Time,
+) {
+	question := resp.Question[0]
+	qname := strings.ToLower(question.Name)
+
+	records, rcode := resutil.LookupRecords(ctx, f.resolver, qname, question.Qtype, f.ttl)
+	resp.Rcode = rcode
+	resp.Answer = append(resp.Answer, records...)
+	f.writeResponse(logger, w, resp, qname, startTime)
+}
+
 func (f *DNSForwarder) writeResponse(logger *log.Entry, w dns.ResponseWriter, resp *dns.Msg, qname string, startTime time.Time) {
 	if err := w.WriteMsg(resp); err != nil {
 		logger.Errorf("failed to write DNS response: %v", err)
@@ -333,6 +482,7 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSError(
 	resp *dns.Msg,
 	domain string,
 	result resutil.LookupResult,
+	reqHasEdns bool,
 	startTime time.Time,
 ) {
 	qType := question.Qtype
@@ -374,6 +524,10 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) handleDNSError(
 		logger.Warnf(errResolveFailed, domain, result.Err)
 	}
 
+	if reqHasEdns {
+		attachEDE(resp, edeCodeFor(dnsErr), edeText(dnsErr))
+	}
+
 	f.writeResponse(logger, w, resp, domain, startTime)
 }
 
@@ -414,3 +568,46 @@ func (f *DNSForwarder) getMatchingEntries(domain string) (route.ResID, []*Forwar
 
 	return selectedResId, matches
 }
+
+// edeCodeFor maps an upstream lookup error to the NetBird EDE info code.
+func edeCodeFor(dnsErr *net.DNSError) uint16 {
+	if dnsErr != nil && dnsErr.IsTimeout {
+		return edeNetbirdUpstreamTimeout
+	}
+	return edeNetbirdUpstreamFailure
+}
+
+// edeText builds the EDE extra-text describing the class of upstream failure.
+// It deliberately omits the upstream server address, which may be an internal
+// resolver and is exposed to any client permitted to use the route; the full
+// detail stays in the forwarder's local log.
+func edeText(dnsErr *net.DNSError) string {
+	if dnsErr != nil && dnsErr.IsTimeout {
+		return "netbird forwarder: upstream timeout"
+	}
+	return "netbird forwarder: upstream failure"
+}
+
+// attachEDE adds an Extended DNS Error (RFC 8914) option to the response,
+// creating the OPT pseudo-record if the response does not already carry one.
+func attachEDE(resp *dns.Msg, code uint16, text string) {
+	opt := resp.IsEdns0()
+	if opt == nil {
+		resp.SetEdns0(dns.DefaultMsgSize, false)
+		opt = resp.IsEdns0()
+	}
+	opt.Option = append(opt.Option, &dns.EDNS0_EDE{InfoCode: code, ExtraText: text})
+}
+
+// shutdownServer shuts a server down gracefully, treating "never started" as
+// success. A server that was published but has not reached ActivateAndServe
+// has nothing to wind down, and the caller closes its socket regardless, which
+// is what actually stops it. dns exports no sentinel for this, so the message
+// is all there is to match on.
+func shutdownServer(ctx context.Context, server *dns.Server) error {
+	err := server.ShutdownContext(ctx)
+	if err == nil || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "server not started") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder_test.go b/client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder_test.go
index 7325ef8a7..a64ba80e7 100644
--- a/client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/dnsfwd/forwarder_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/resutil"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns/test"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
@@ -132,6 +133,41 @@ func (m *MockResolver) LookupNetIP(ctx context.Context, network, host string) ([
 	return args.Get(0).([]netip.Addr), args.Error(1)
 }
 
+func (m *MockResolver) LookupMX(ctx context.Context, name string) ([]*net.MX, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, name)
+	recs, _ := args.Get(0).([]*net.MX)
+	return recs, args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockResolver) LookupTXT(ctx context.Context, name string) ([]string, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, name)
+	recs, _ := args.Get(0).([]string)
+	return recs, args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockResolver) LookupNS(ctx context.Context, name string) ([]*net.NS, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, name)
+	recs, _ := args.Get(0).([]*net.NS)
+	return recs, args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockResolver) LookupSRV(ctx context.Context, service, proto, name string) (string, []*net.SRV, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, service, proto, name)
+	recs, _ := args.Get(1).([]*net.SRV)
+	return args.String(0), recs, args.Error(2)
+}
+
+func (m *MockResolver) LookupCNAME(ctx context.Context, host string) (string, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, host)
+	return args.String(0), args.Error(1)
+}
+
+func (m *MockResolver) LookupAddr(ctx context.Context, addr string) ([]string, error) {
+	args := m.Called(ctx, addr)
+	recs, _ := args.Get(0).([]string)
+	return recs, args.Error(1)
+}
+
 func TestDNSForwarder_SubdomainAccessLogic(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name             string
@@ -544,12 +580,15 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_MultipleIPsInSingleUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDNSForwarder_ResponseCodes(t *testing.T) {
+	// A type with no net.Resolver Lookup method (CAA) must answer NODATA
+	// (NOERROR, empty) rather than NXDOMAIN/NOTIMP to avoid poisoning the name.
 	tests := []struct {
 		name         string
 		queryType    uint16
 		queryDomain  string
 		configured   string
 		expectedCode int
+		expectEDE    bool
 		description  string
 	}{
 		{
@@ -561,28 +600,13 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_ResponseCodes(t *testing.T) {
 			description:  "RFC compliant REFUSED for unauthorized queries",
 		},
 		{
-			name:         "unsupported query type returns NOTIMP",
-			queryType:    dns.TypeMX,
+			name:         "unsupported query type returns NODATA",
+			queryType:    dns.TypeCAA,
 			queryDomain:  "example.com",
 			configured:   "example.com",
-			expectedCode: dns.RcodeNotImplemented,
-			description:  "RFC compliant NOTIMP for unsupported types",
-		},
-		{
-			name:         "CNAME query returns NOTIMP",
-			queryType:    dns.TypeCNAME,
-			queryDomain:  "example.com",
-			configured:   "example.com",
-			expectedCode: dns.RcodeNotImplemented,
-			description:  "CNAME queries not supported",
-		},
-		{
-			name:         "TXT query returns NOTIMP",
-			queryType:    dns.TypeTXT,
-			queryDomain:  "example.com",
-			configured:   "example.com",
-			expectedCode: dns.RcodeNotImplemented,
-			description:  "TXT queries not supported",
+			expectedCode: dns.RcodeSuccess,
+			expectEDE:    true,
+			description:  "Unsupported types answer NODATA, not NXDOMAIN/NOTIMP",
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -598,6 +622,7 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_ResponseCodes(t *testing.T) {
 
 			query := &dns.Msg{}
 			query.SetQuestion(dns.Fqdn(tt.queryDomain), tt.queryType)
+			query.SetEdns0(dns.DefaultMsgSize, false)
 
 			// Capture the written response
 			var writtenResp *dns.Msg
@@ -613,6 +638,288 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_ResponseCodes(t *testing.T) {
 			// Check the response written to the writer
 			require.NotNil(t, writtenResp, "Expected response to be written")
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedCode, writtenResp.Rcode, tt.description)
+			assert.Empty(t, writtenResp.Answer, "Non-address response should carry no answers")
+
+			if tt.expectEDE {
+				require.NotNil(t, writtenResp.IsEdns0(), "EDNS0 client should get an OPT in the reply")
+				assert.True(t, hasEDE(writtenResp, dns.ExtendedErrorCodeNotSupported),
+					"unsupported type NODATA should carry EDE Not Supported")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func hasEDE(m *dns.Msg, code uint16) bool {
+	opt := m.IsEdns0()
+	if opt == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, o := range opt.Option {
+		if ede, ok := o.(*dns.EDNS0_EDE); ok && ede.InfoCode == code {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func TestDNSForwarder_RecordQueries(t *testing.T) {
+	notFound := &net.DNSError{IsNotFound: true, Name: "example.com"}
+
+	t.Run("MX records are forwarded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "example.com")
+
+		mockResolver.On("LookupMX", mock.Anything, "example.com.").
+			Return([]*net.MX{{Host: "mail.example.com.", Pref: 10}}, nil).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "example.com", dns.TypeMX)
+		require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode)
+		require.Len(t, resp.Answer, 1)
+		mx, ok := resp.Answer[0].(*dns.MX)
+		require.True(t, ok, "answer should be an MX record")
+		assert.Equal(t, uint16(10), mx.Preference)
+		assert.Equal(t, "mail.example.com.", mx.Mx)
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing MX is NODATA not NXDOMAIN", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "example.com")
+
+		// A not-found cannot prove the name is absent (it may exist with only
+		// other record types), so it must answer NODATA, never NXDOMAIN.
+		mockResolver.On("LookupMX", mock.Anything, "example.com.").
+			Return(nil, notFound).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "example.com", dns.TypeMX)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode, "missing record must be NODATA")
+		assert.Empty(t, resp.Answer)
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("NS records are forwarded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "example.com")
+
+		mockResolver.On("LookupNS", mock.Anything, "example.com.").
+			Return([]*net.NS{{Host: "ns1.example.com."}}, nil).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "example.com", dns.TypeNS)
+		require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode)
+		require.Len(t, resp.Answer, 1)
+		ns, ok := resp.Answer[0].(*dns.NS)
+		require.True(t, ok, "answer should be an NS record")
+		assert.Equal(t, "ns1.example.com.", ns.Ns)
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing NS is NODATA", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "example.com")
+
+		mockResolver.On("LookupNS", mock.Anything, "example.com.").
+			Return(nil, notFound).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "example.com", dns.TypeNS)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode)
+		assert.Empty(t, resp.Answer)
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SRV records are forwarded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "_sip._tcp.example.com")
+
+		mockResolver.On("LookupSRV", mock.Anything, "", "", "_sip._tcp.example.com.").
+			Return("", []*net.SRV{{Target: "sip.example.com.", Port: 5060, Priority: 10, Weight: 5}}, nil).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "_sip._tcp.example.com", dns.TypeSRV)
+		require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode)
+		require.Len(t, resp.Answer, 1)
+		srv, ok := resp.Answer[0].(*dns.SRV)
+		require.True(t, ok, "answer should be an SRV record")
+		assert.Equal(t, "sip.example.com.", srv.Target)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint16(5060), srv.Port)
+		assert.Equal(t, uint16(10), srv.Priority)
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing SRV is NODATA", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "_sip._tcp.example.com")
+
+		mockResolver.On("LookupSRV", mock.Anything, "", "", "_sip._tcp.example.com.").
+			Return("", nil, notFound).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "_sip._tcp.example.com", dns.TypeSRV)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode)
+		assert.Empty(t, resp.Answer)
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("TXT records are forwarded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "example.com")
+
+		mockResolver.On("LookupTXT", mock.Anything, "example.com.").
+			Return([]string{"v=spf1 -all"}, nil).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "example.com", dns.TypeTXT)
+		require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode)
+		require.Len(t, resp.Answer, 1)
+		txt, ok := resp.Answer[0].(*dns.TXT)
+		require.True(t, ok, "answer should be a TXT record")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"v=spf1 -all"}, txt.Txt)
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("CNAME record is forwarded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "www.example.com")
+
+		mockResolver.On("LookupCNAME", mock.Anything, "www.example.com.").
+			Return("target.example.com.", nil).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "www.example.com", dns.TypeCNAME)
+		require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode)
+		require.Len(t, resp.Answer, 1)
+		cname, ok := resp.Answer[0].(*dns.CNAME)
+		require.True(t, ok, "answer should be a CNAME record")
+		assert.Equal(t, "target.example.com.", cname.Target)
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("CNAME equal to the name is NODATA", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "example.com")
+
+		// No CNAME exists: LookupCNAME echoes the queried name back.
+		mockResolver.On("LookupCNAME", mock.Anything, "example.com.").
+			Return("example.com.", nil).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "example.com", dns.TypeCNAME)
+		assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode)
+		assert.Empty(t, resp.Answer, "self-referential CNAME means no CNAME record")
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("PTR record is forwarded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+		forwarder := newRecordTestForwarder(t, mockResolver, "*.in-addr.arpa")
+
+		// The reverse name is parsed back to the address LookupAddr expects.
+		mockResolver.On("LookupAddr", mock.Anything, "1.2.3.4").
+			Return([]string{"host.example.com."}, nil).Once()
+
+		resp := runRecordQuery(t, forwarder, "4.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa", dns.TypePTR)
+		require.Equal(t, dns.RcodeSuccess, resp.Rcode)
+		require.Len(t, resp.Answer, 1)
+		ptr, ok := resp.Answer[0].(*dns.PTR)
+		require.True(t, ok, "answer should be a PTR record")
+		assert.Equal(t, "host.example.com.", ptr.Ptr)
+		mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+	})
+}
+
+func newRecordTestForwarder(t *testing.T, r resolver, configured string) *DNSForwarder {
+	t.Helper()
+	forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
+	forwarder.resolver = r
+
+	d, err := domain.FromString(configured)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	forwarder.UpdateDomains([]*ForwarderEntry{{Domain: d, ResID: "test-res"}})
+	return forwarder
+}
+
+func runRecordQuery(t *testing.T, forwarder *DNSForwarder, qname string, qtype uint16) *dns.Msg {
+	t.Helper()
+	query := &dns.Msg{}
+	query.SetQuestion(dns.Fqdn(qname), qtype)
+
+	mockWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{}
+	forwarder.handleDNSQuery(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), mockWriter, query, time.Now())
+
+	resp := mockWriter.GetLastResponse()
+	require.NotNil(t, resp, "expected response to be written")
+	return resp
+}
+
+func TestDNSForwarder_UpstreamFailureEDE(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		lookupErr   error
+		reqEdns     bool
+		wantEDE     bool
+		wantCode    uint16
+		wantTextHas string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "timeout with edns0",
+			lookupErr:   &net.DNSError{Err: "i/o timeout", Server: "10.0.0.53:53", IsTimeout: true},
+			reqEdns:     true,
+			wantEDE:     true,
+			wantCode:    edeNetbirdUpstreamTimeout,
+			wantTextHas: "netbird forwarder: upstream timeout",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "server failure with edns0",
+			lookupErr:   &net.DNSError{Err: "server misbehaving", Server: "10.0.0.53:53"},
+			reqEdns:     true,
+			wantEDE:     true,
+			wantCode:    edeNetbirdUpstreamFailure,
+			wantTextHas: "netbird forwarder: upstream failure",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "no edns0 in request omits ede",
+			lookupErr: &net.DNSError{Err: "server misbehaving", Server: "10.0.0.53:53"},
+			reqEdns:   false,
+			wantEDE:   false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mockResolver := &MockResolver{}
+			forwarder := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 300, nil, &peer.Status{}, nil)
+			forwarder.resolver = mockResolver
+
+			d, err := domain.FromString("example.com")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			forwarder.UpdateDomains([]*ForwarderEntry{{Domain: d, ResID: "test-res"}})
+
+			mockResolver.On("LookupNetIP", mock.Anything, "ip4", "example.com.").
+				Return([]netip.Addr(nil), tt.lookupErr).Once()
+
+			query := &dns.Msg{}
+			query.SetQuestion("example.com.", dns.TypeA)
+			if tt.reqEdns {
+				query.SetEdns0(dns.DefaultMsgSize, false)
+			}
+
+			var writtenResp *dns.Msg
+			mockWriter := &test.MockResponseWriter{
+				WriteMsgFunc: func(m *dns.Msg) error {
+					writtenResp = m
+					return nil
+				},
+			}
+
+			forwarder.handleDNSQuery(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), mockWriter, query, time.Now())
+			mockResolver.AssertExpectations(t)
+
+			require.NotNil(t, writtenResp, "expected a response")
+			assert.Equal(t, dns.RcodeServerFailure, writtenResp.Rcode, "upstream failure must be SERVFAIL")
+
+			ede, ok := resutil.ExtractEDE(writtenResp)
+			if !tt.wantEDE {
+				assert.False(t, ok, "response must not carry EDE")
+				return
+			}
+			require.True(t, ok, "response must carry EDE")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantCode, ede.InfoCode, "EDE info code")
+			assert.Contains(t, ede.ExtraText, tt.wantTextHas, "EDE extra-text")
+			assert.NotContains(t, ede.ExtraText, "10.0.0.53", "must not leak upstream server address")
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -931,3 +1238,55 @@ func TestDNSForwarder_EmptyQuery(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Nil(t, mockWriter.GetLastResponse(), "Should not write response for empty query")
 }
+
+// TestDNSForwarder_ClosedBeforeItServes covers Listen reaching the point of
+// serving after the forwarder has already been closed. Listen runs on its own
+// goroutine, so it can get there late, and a socket it starts serving then is
+// one nothing will ever close: on Android it keeps answering on an interface
+// that has been replaced. The close is sequenced first here rather than raced,
+// which pins the same state deterministically.
+func TestDNSForwarder_ClosedBeforeItServes(t *testing.T) {
+	f := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 60, nil, nil, nil)
+
+	require.NoError(t, f.Close(context.Background()), "closing a forwarder that never started")
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- f.Listen(nil) }()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "a closed forwarder should give up quietly, not serve")
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Listen went on to serve after the forwarder was closed")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDNSForwarder_CloseStopsUnactivatedServers covers the window between
+// Listen publishing its servers and reaching ActivateAndServe. A server that
+// has not been activated refuses to shut down, so Close has to close the
+// sockets itself or they are left serving.
+func TestDNSForwarder_CloseStopsUnactivatedServers(t *testing.T) {
+	f := NewDNSForwarder(netip.MustParseAddrPort("127.0.0.1:0"), 60, nil, nil, nil)
+
+	udpConn, err := f.createUDPListener(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create UDP listener")
+	tcpLn, err := f.createTCPListener(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create TCP listener")
+
+	// Published but deliberately never activated, which is the state Listen is
+	// in for the moment before it starts serving.
+	require.True(t, f.publish(udpConn, tcpLn, &dns.Server{PacketConn: udpConn}, &dns.Server{Listener: tcpLn}, nil),
+		"publishing to an open forwarder")
+
+	tcpAddr := tcpLn.Addr().String()
+	require.NoError(t, f.Close(context.Background()), "close should report no error for servers it could not shut down")
+
+	_, err = tcpLn.Accept()
+	assert.Error(t, err, "the TCP socket should be closed after Close")
+
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", tcpAddr, time.Second)
+	if err == nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		t.Fatal("the forwarder is still accepting connections after Close")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/dnsfwd/manager.go b/client/internal/dnsfwd/manager.go
index 58b88d9ef..1c62e908d 100644
--- a/client/internal/dnsfwd/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/dnsfwd/manager.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package dnsfwd
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
@@ -80,6 +79,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Start(fwdEntries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// IPv4-only: peers reach the forwarder via its v4 overlay address.
 	localAddr := m.wgIface.Address().IP
 
 	if localAddr.IsValid() && m.firewall != nil {
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func (m *Manager) Start(fwdEntries []*ForwarderEntry) error {
 	m.dnsForwarder = NewDNSForwarder(listenAddress, dnsTTL, m.firewall, m.statusRecorder, m.wgIface)
 
 	go func() {
-		if err := m.dnsForwarder.Listen(fwdEntries); err != nil {
+		if err := m.dnsForwarder.Listen(fwdEntries); err != nil { //nolint:staticcheck
 			// todo handle close error if it is exists
 			log.Errorf("failed to start DNS forwarder, err: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -117,6 +117,16 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateDomains(entries []*ForwarderEntry) {
 	m.dnsForwarder.UpdateDomains(entries)
 }
 
+// Domains returns the entries currently being served, or nil when the
+// forwarder is not running.
+func (m *Manager) Domains() []*ForwarderEntry {
+	if m.dnsForwarder == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return m.dnsForwarder.Domains()
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if m.dnsForwarder == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -159,12 +169,13 @@ func (m *Manager) allowDNSFirewall() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	dnsRules, err := m.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept, "")
+	anyV4 := []netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)}
+	dnsRule, err := m.firewall.AddFilterRule(nil, anyV4, firewall.Network{}, firewall.ProtocolUDP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add udp firewall rule: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	tcpRules, err := m.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(nil, net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0}, firewall.ProtocolTCP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept, "")
+	tcpRule, err := m.firewall.AddFilterRule(nil, anyV4, firewall.Network{}, firewall.ProtocolTCP, nil, dport, firewall.ActionAccept)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("add tcp firewall rule: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -173,8 +184,12 @@ func (m *Manager) allowDNSFirewall() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("flush: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	m.fwRules = dnsRules
-	m.tcpRules = tcpRules
+	if dnsRule != nil {
+		m.fwRules = []firewall.Rule{dnsRule}
+	}
+	if tcpRule != nil {
+		m.tcpRules = []firewall.Rule{tcpRule}
+	}
 
 	m.registerNetstackServices()
 
@@ -208,12 +223,12 @@ func (m *Manager) unregisterNetstackServices() {
 func (m *Manager) dropDNSFirewall() error {
 	var mErr *multierror.Error
 	for _, rule := range m.fwRules {
-		if err := m.firewall.DeletePeerRule(rule); err != nil {
+		if err := m.firewall.DeleteFilterRule(rule); err != nil {
 			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete DNS router rules, err: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
 	for _, rule := range m.tcpRules {
-		if err := m.firewall.DeletePeerRule(rule); err != nil {
+		if err := m.firewall.DeleteFilterRule(rule); err != nil {
 			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete DNS router rules, err: %v", err))
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfeb.go b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfeb.go
index 04b19883b..4b6230217 100644
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfeb.go
+++ b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfeb.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Code generated by bpf2go; DO NOT EDIT.
-//go:build arm64be || armbe || mips || mips64 || mips64p32 || ppc64 || s390 || s390x || sparc || sparc64
+//go:build mips || mips64 || ppc64 || s390x
 
 package ebpf
 
@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ func loadBpfObjects(obj interface{}, opts *ebpf.CollectionOptions) error {
 type bpfSpecs struct {
 	bpfProgramSpecs
 	bpfMapSpecs
+	bpfVariableSpecs
 }
 
-// bpfSpecs contains programs before they are loaded into the kernel.
+// bpfProgramSpecs contains programs before they are loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
 type bpfProgramSpecs struct {
@@ -61,17 +62,28 @@ type bpfProgramSpecs struct {
 // It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
 type bpfMapSpecs struct {
 	NbFeatures           *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_features"`
-	NbMapDnsIp           *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_ip"`
-	NbMapDnsPort         *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_port"`
 	NbWgProxySettingsMap *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_wg_proxy_settings_map"`
 }
 
+// bpfVariableSpecs contains global variables before they are loaded into the kernel.
+//
+// It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
+type bpfVariableSpecs struct {
+	FlagFeatureWgProxy *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"flag_feature_wg_proxy"`
+	MapKeyFeatures     *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_features"`
+	MapKeyProxyPort    *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_proxy_port"`
+	MapKeyWgPort       *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_wg_port"`
+	ProxyPort          *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"proxy_port"`
+	WgPort             *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"wg_port"`
+}
+
 // bpfObjects contains all objects after they have been loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
 type bpfObjects struct {
 	bpfPrograms
 	bpfMaps
+	bpfVariables
 }
 
 func (o *bpfObjects) Close() error {
@@ -86,20 +98,28 @@ func (o *bpfObjects) Close() error {
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
 type bpfMaps struct {
 	NbFeatures           *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_features"`
-	NbMapDnsIp           *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_ip"`
-	NbMapDnsPort         *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_port"`
 	NbWgProxySettingsMap *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_wg_proxy_settings_map"`
 }
 
 func (m *bpfMaps) Close() error {
 	return _BpfClose(
 		m.NbFeatures,
-		m.NbMapDnsIp,
-		m.NbMapDnsPort,
 		m.NbWgProxySettingsMap,
 	)
 }
 
+// bpfVariables contains all global variables after they have been loaded into the kernel.
+//
+// It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
+type bpfVariables struct {
+	FlagFeatureWgProxy *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"flag_feature_wg_proxy"`
+	MapKeyFeatures     *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_features"`
+	MapKeyProxyPort    *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_proxy_port"`
+	MapKeyWgPort       *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_wg_port"`
+	ProxyPort          *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"proxy_port"`
+	WgPort             *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"wg_port"`
+}
+
 // bpfPrograms contains all programs after they have been loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfeb.o b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfeb.o
index 6e9cda44a..b435d4964 100644
Binary files a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfeb.o and b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfeb.o differ
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfel.go b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfel.go
index 03b494aa2..f56efc901 100644
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfel.go
+++ b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfel.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // Code generated by bpf2go; DO NOT EDIT.
-//go:build 386 || amd64 || amd64p32 || arm || arm64 || loong64 || mips64le || mips64p32le || mipsle || ppc64le || riscv64
+//go:build 386 || amd64 || arm || arm64 || loong64 || mips64le || mipsle || ppc64le || riscv64 || wasm
 
 package ebpf
 
@@ -47,9 +47,10 @@ func loadBpfObjects(obj interface{}, opts *ebpf.CollectionOptions) error {
 type bpfSpecs struct {
 	bpfProgramSpecs
 	bpfMapSpecs
+	bpfVariableSpecs
 }
 
-// bpfSpecs contains programs before they are loaded into the kernel.
+// bpfProgramSpecs contains programs before they are loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
 type bpfProgramSpecs struct {
@@ -61,17 +62,28 @@ type bpfProgramSpecs struct {
 // It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
 type bpfMapSpecs struct {
 	NbFeatures           *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_features"`
-	NbMapDnsIp           *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_ip"`
-	NbMapDnsPort         *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_port"`
 	NbWgProxySettingsMap *ebpf.MapSpec `ebpf:"nb_wg_proxy_settings_map"`
 }
 
+// bpfVariableSpecs contains global variables before they are loaded into the kernel.
+//
+// It can be passed ebpf.CollectionSpec.Assign.
+type bpfVariableSpecs struct {
+	FlagFeatureWgProxy *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"flag_feature_wg_proxy"`
+	MapKeyFeatures     *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_features"`
+	MapKeyProxyPort    *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_proxy_port"`
+	MapKeyWgPort       *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"map_key_wg_port"`
+	ProxyPort          *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"proxy_port"`
+	WgPort             *ebpf.VariableSpec `ebpf:"wg_port"`
+}
+
 // bpfObjects contains all objects after they have been loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
 type bpfObjects struct {
 	bpfPrograms
 	bpfMaps
+	bpfVariables
 }
 
 func (o *bpfObjects) Close() error {
@@ -86,20 +98,28 @@ func (o *bpfObjects) Close() error {
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
 type bpfMaps struct {
 	NbFeatures           *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_features"`
-	NbMapDnsIp           *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_ip"`
-	NbMapDnsPort         *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_map_dns_port"`
 	NbWgProxySettingsMap *ebpf.Map `ebpf:"nb_wg_proxy_settings_map"`
 }
 
 func (m *bpfMaps) Close() error {
 	return _BpfClose(
 		m.NbFeatures,
-		m.NbMapDnsIp,
-		m.NbMapDnsPort,
 		m.NbWgProxySettingsMap,
 	)
 }
 
+// bpfVariables contains all global variables after they have been loaded into the kernel.
+//
+// It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
+type bpfVariables struct {
+	FlagFeatureWgProxy *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"flag_feature_wg_proxy"`
+	MapKeyFeatures     *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_features"`
+	MapKeyProxyPort    *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_proxy_port"`
+	MapKeyWgPort       *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"map_key_wg_port"`
+	ProxyPort          *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"proxy_port"`
+	WgPort             *ebpf.Variable `ebpf:"wg_port"`
+}
+
 // bpfPrograms contains all programs after they have been loaded into the kernel.
 //
 // It can be passed to loadBpfObjects or ebpf.CollectionSpec.LoadAndAssign.
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfel.o b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfel.o
index 6338f4774..a388b6d6d 100644
Binary files a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfel.o and b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/bpf_bpfel.o differ
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/dns_fwd_linux.go b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/dns_fwd_linux.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 93797da76..000000000
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/dns_fwd_linux.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package ebpf
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"net"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-const (
-	mapKeyDNSIP   uint32 = 0
-	mapKeyDNSPort uint32 = 1
-)
-
-func (tf *GeneralManager) LoadDNSFwd(ip string, dnsPort int) error {
-	log.Debugf("load eBPF DNS forwarder, watching addr: %s:53, redirect to port: %d", ip, dnsPort)
-	tf.lock.Lock()
-	defer tf.lock.Unlock()
-
-	err := tf.loadXdp()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = tf.bpfObjs.NbMapDnsIp.Put(mapKeyDNSIP, ip2int(ip))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = tf.bpfObjs.NbMapDnsPort.Put(mapKeyDNSPort, uint16(dnsPort))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	tf.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
-	err = tf.bpfObjs.NbFeatures.Put(mapKeyFeatures, tf.featureFlags)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (tf *GeneralManager) FreeDNSFwd() error {
-	log.Debugf("free ebpf DNS forwarder")
-	return tf.unsetFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
-}
-
-func ip2int(ipString string) uint32 {
-	ip := net.ParseIP(ipString)
-	return binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip.To4())
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux.go b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux.go
index 7520a6387..a13f5f19a 100644
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux.go
+++ b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux.go
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ import (
 const (
 	mapKeyFeatures uint32 = 0
 
-	featureFlagWGProxy      = 0b00000001
-	featureFlagDnsForwarder = 0b00000010
+	featureFlagWGProxy = 0b00000001
 )
 
 var (
@@ -28,9 +27,9 @@ var (
 
 // GeneralManager is used to load multiple eBPF programs with a custom check (if then) done in prog.c
 // The manager simply adds a feature (byte) of each program to a map that is shared between the userspace and kernel.
-// When packet arrives, the C code checks for each feature (if it is set) and executes each enabled program (e.g., dns_fwd.c and wg_proxy.c).
+// When packet arrives, the C code checks for each feature (if it is set) and executes each enabled program (e.g., wg_proxy.c).
 //
-//go:generate go run github.com/cilium/ebpf/cmd/bpf2go -cc clang-14 bpf src/prog.c -- -I /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/include
+//go:generate go run github.com/cilium/ebpf/cmd/bpf2go -cc clang-14 bpf src/prog.c -- -I /usr/x86_64-linux-gnu/include -include src/bpf_map_def.h
 type GeneralManager struct {
 	lock         sync.Mutex
 	link         link.Link
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux_test.go b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux_test.go
index 5664a4565..e09fcb977 100644
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/manager_linux_test.go
@@ -7,33 +7,24 @@ import (
 func TestManager_setFeatureFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	mgr := GeneralManager{}
 	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagWGProxy)
-	if mgr.featureFlags != 1 {
+	if mgr.featureFlags != featureFlagWGProxy {
 		t.Errorf("invalid feature state")
 	}
 
-	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
-	if mgr.featureFlags != 3 {
-		t.Errorf("invalid feature state")
+	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagWGProxy)
+	if mgr.featureFlags != featureFlagWGProxy {
+		t.Errorf("setting a flag twice must be idempotent, got: %d", mgr.featureFlags)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestManager_unsetFeatureFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	mgr := GeneralManager{}
 	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagWGProxy)
-	mgr.setFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
 
 	err := mgr.unsetFeatureFlag(featureFlagWGProxy)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err)
 	}
-	if mgr.featureFlags != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("invalid feature state, expected: %d, got: %d", 2, mgr.featureFlags)
-	}
-
-	err = mgr.unsetFeatureFlag(featureFlagDnsForwarder)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected error: %s", err)
-	}
 	if mgr.featureFlags != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("invalid feature state, expected: %d, got: %d", 0, mgr.featureFlags)
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/bpf_map_def.h b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/bpf_map_def.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9528fb592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/bpf_map_def.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// libbpf 1.0 removed struct bpf_map_def, but the programs here keep the legacy
+// map definitions: they load on kernels built without BTF, which BTF-style
+// (SEC(".maps")) definitions do not. Define the struct ourselves so the
+// programs compile against current libbpf headers.
+#ifndef NB_BPF_MAP_DEF_H
+#define NB_BPF_MAP_DEF_H
+
+struct bpf_map_def {
+	unsigned int type;
+	unsigned int key_size;
+	unsigned int value_size;
+	unsigned int max_entries;
+	unsigned int map_flags;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/dns_fwd.c b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/dns_fwd.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f3fbcc32..000000000
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/dns_fwd.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-const __u32 map_key_dns_ip = 0;
-const __u32 map_key_dns_port = 1;
-
-struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") nb_map_dns_ip = {
-	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY,
-	.key_size = sizeof(__u32),
-	.value_size = sizeof(__u32),
-	.max_entries = 10,
-};
-
-struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") nb_map_dns_port = {
-	.type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY,
-	.key_size = sizeof(__u32),
-	.value_size = sizeof(__u16),
-	.max_entries = 10,
-};
-
-__be32 dns_ip = 0;
-__be16 dns_port = 0;
-
-// 13568 is 53 in big endian
-__be16 GENERAL_DNS_PORT = 13568;
-
-bool read_settings() {
-    __u16 *port_value;
-    __u32 *ip_value;
-
-    // read dns ip
-    ip_value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&nb_map_dns_ip, &map_key_dns_ip);
-    if(!ip_value) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    dns_ip = htonl(*ip_value);
-
-    // read dns port
-    port_value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&nb_map_dns_port, &map_key_dns_port);
-    if (!port_value) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    dns_port = htons(*port_value);
-    return true;
-}
-
-int xdp_dns_fwd(struct iphdr  *ip, struct udphdr *udp) {
-    if (dns_port == 0) {
-        if(!read_settings()){
-            return XDP_PASS;
-        }
-        // bpf_printk("dns port: %d", ntohs(dns_port));
-        // bpf_printk("dns ip: %d", ntohl(dns_ip));
-    }
-
-    if (udp->dest == GENERAL_DNS_PORT && ip->daddr == dns_ip) {
-        udp->dest = dns_port;
-        return XDP_PASS;
-    }
-
-    if (udp->source == dns_port && ip->saddr == dns_ip) {
-        udp->source = GENERAL_DNS_PORT;
-        return XDP_PASS;
-    }
-
-    return XDP_PASS;
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/prog.c b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/prog.c
index f32103f28..44ee53458 100644
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/prog.c
+++ b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/prog.c
@@ -5,11 +5,9 @@
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
 #include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
-#include "dns_fwd.c"
 #include "wg_proxy.c"
 
 const __u16 flag_feature_wg_proxy = 0b01;
-const __u16 flag_feature_dns_fwd = 0b10;
 
 const __u32 map_key_features = 0;
 struct bpf_map_def SEC("maps") nb_features = {
@@ -48,10 +46,6 @@ int nb_xdp_prog(struct xdp_md *ctx) {
        return XDP_PASS;
     }
 
-    if (*features & flag_feature_dns_fwd) {
-        xdp_dns_fwd(ip, udp);
-    }
-
     if (*features & flag_feature_wg_proxy) {
         xdp_wg_proxy(ip, udp);
     }
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/readme.md b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/readme.md
index 0ab393dd4..aa47847da 100644
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/readme.md
+++ b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/readme.md
@@ -1,8 +1,18 @@
-# DNS forwarder
+# XDP programs
 
-The agent attach the XDP program to the lo device. We can not use fake address in eBPF because the
-traffic does not appear in the eBPF program. The program capture the traffic on wg_ip:53 and 
-overwrite in it the destination port to 5053.
+`prog.c` is attached to the `lo` device and dispatches to the features enabled in the
+`nb_features` map. The only feature is the WireGuard proxy (`wg_proxy.c`): it rewrites
+loopback UDP sent from the WireGuard listen port so it reaches the userspace relay proxy
+port instead, and swaps the peer endpoint port into the source so the proxy can tell
+peers apart.
+
+Maps use the legacy `struct bpf_map_def` form, defined in `bpf_map_def.h` because libbpf
+1.0 removed it. They load on kernels built without BTF, which BTF-style (`SEC(".maps")`)
+definitions do not.
+
+Regenerate the objects with `go generate ./client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/`; it needs
+`clang-14`. Loading a regenerated object needs root, attaching it needs `bpf_link`
+(kernel >= 5.7), and only one XDP program can own `lo` at a time.
 
 # Debug
 
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/wg_proxy.c b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/wg_proxy.c
index 88fea65cf..5e7474928 100644
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/wg_proxy.c
+++ b/client/internal/ebpf/ebpf/src/wg_proxy.c
@@ -50,5 +50,11 @@ int xdp_wg_proxy(struct iphdr  *ip, struct udphdr *udp) {
     __be16 new_dst_port = htons(proxy_port);
     udp->dest = new_dst_port;
     udp->source = new_src_port;
+
+    // The ports are covered by the UDP checksum. This is an IPv4 loopback hop
+    // and the payload is already integrity-protected, so clear the checksum (a
+    // zero UDP checksum means "not computed" for IPv4) rather than leave a
+    // stale value the kernel would drop as UDP_CSUM.
+    udp->check = 0;
 	return XDP_PASS;
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/ebpf/manager/manager.go b/client/internal/ebpf/manager/manager.go
index af10142d5..fdc5d8d82 100644
--- a/client/internal/ebpf/manager/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/ebpf/manager/manager.go
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 package manager
 
-// Manager is used to load multiple eBPF programs. E.g., current DNS programs and WireGuard proxy
+// Manager is used to load multiple eBPF programs. E.g., the WireGuard proxy
 type Manager interface {
-	LoadDNSFwd(ip string, dnsPort int) error
-	FreeDNSFwd() error
 	LoadWgProxy(proxyPort, wgPort int) error
 	FreeWGProxy() error
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/elevate.go b/client/internal/elevate/elevate.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa5a5da78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/elevate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Package elevate re-runs this very executable under the operating system's own
+// privilege-elevation mechanism and waits for it to finish.
+//
+// It exists so that a change the daemon restricts to root/administrator can be
+// authorized from the GUI, by the user, at the moment they ask for it: Windows
+// shows the UAC consent dialog, macOS the system authentication dialog, and
+// Linux/FreeBSD the session's polkit agent. The credentials, where any are
+// asked for, are collected by the operating system and never pass through
+// NetBird.
+//
+// What the elevated process then does is the caller's business: it is the same
+// binary, in a one-shot mode, and it is authorized by the daemon exactly like
+// any other privileged caller, from the identity the kernel reports on the
+// control channel. Nothing here grants privilege, and the daemon gains no new
+// way to be talked into something: elevation only changes who is calling it.
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// AppliedMarker is what the elevated process prints on standard output once it has
+// done what it was run for.
+//
+// macOS's AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges reports no exit status and does not
+// say which process it started, so there this line is the only evidence that the
+// change was applied. The other platforms have an exit code and ignore it.
+const AppliedMarker = "netbird-elevated: applied"
+
+var (
+	// ErrDeclined reports that the user dismissed the prompt or did not
+	// authenticate. Nothing happened and nothing is wrong: a caller undoes its
+	// optimistic update and stays quiet.
+	ErrDeclined = errors.New("authorization declined")
+
+	// ErrUnavailable reports that this host has no elevation mechanism we can
+	// drive: no polkit on a Unix desktop, or an executable we decline to run as
+	// root. A caller falls back to telling the user which command to run.
+	ErrUnavailable = errors.New("no privilege elevation mechanism available")
+)
+
+// Run runs this executable with args under the platform's elevation mechanism
+// and waits for it to exit. A non-zero exit is returned as an error, so the
+// caller can treat a completed Run as the operation having succeeded.
+//
+// The args are the caller's own command line, so they cross no privilege
+// boundary: only a user who has just authenticated as an administrator can get
+// them run at all.
+func Run(ctx context.Context, args ...string) error {
+	self, err := trustedSelf()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return run(ctx, self, args)
+}
+
+// Available reports whether Run has a mechanism to use on this host, so a caller
+// can offer the prompt only when there is one and otherwise fall back to
+// guidance the user can act on. It answers from what is installed, not from what
+// the user is allowed to do: an administrator's password may still be required
+// and may still not be given, which is ErrDeclined from Run.
+func Available() bool {
+	if _, err := trustedSelf(); err != nil {
+		// Worth a line: this is also what a build run from a group-writable
+		// directory hits, and there is nothing in the UI to say why the offer is
+		// missing.
+		log.Debugf("not offering privilege elevation: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return mechanismAvailable()
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/output.go b/client/internal/elevate/output.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e1646bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/output.go
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package elevate
+
+import "strings"
+
+// noOutput stands in for a process that said nothing, so that a report of what it
+// said still reads as a sentence.
+const noOutput = "no output"
+
+func firstLine(s string) string {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if s == "" {
+		return noOutput
+	}
+	if i := strings.IndexByte(s, '\n'); i >= 0 {
+		return s[:i]
+	}
+	return s
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/output_test.go b/client/internal/elevate/output_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3faacf53a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/output_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestFirstLine(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct{ in, want string }{
+		{in: "", want: noOutput},
+		{in: "  \n ", want: noOutput},
+		{in: "one line", want: "one line"},
+		{in: "first\nsecond", want: "first"},
+		{in: "\nsecond\n", want: "second"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		assert.Equal(t, tt.want, firstLine(tt.in), "input %q", tt.in)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/run_darwin.go b/client/internal/elevate/run_darwin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b0e4fc0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/run_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/ebitengine/purego"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// Authorization Services, reached through purego rather than cgo so the released
+// binaries keep building with CGO_ENABLED=0.
+//
+// The prompt belongs to this process, which is what makes it carry the
+// application's name and our own explanation. Going through osascript instead puts
+// the very same trampoline behind a dialog attributed to osascript, and means
+// handing a shell a command line to re-parse.
+//
+// # On AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges
+//
+// It is deprecated, and Apple's guidance (Quinn, "BSD Privilege Escalation on
+// macOS", developer.apple.com/forums/thread/708765) is "while it still works, it's
+// been deprecated for many years. Do not use it in a widely distributed product."
+// It is used here anyway, knowingly, because the alternatives Apple offers are for
+// *obtaining* ongoing privileges — an installer package, SMAppService, SMJobBless —
+// and NetBird already has what they would install: a launchd daemon running as
+// root. What is missing is only a way for an unprivileged client to ask it to act.
+//
+// The way to that without a deprecated call is to authorize the client instead of
+// elevating one: the app takes the right with AuthorizationCreate, passes the
+// AuthorizationExternalForm to the daemon, and the daemon checks it with
+// AuthorizationCopyRights before acting — none of which is deprecated. It is the
+// better design and it is where this should end up. It also means the daemon
+// accepting an authorization over its control socket, which is a new way to be
+// asked for privileged work and wants reviewing as such, so it is deliberately not
+// bundled in with the rest of this.
+//
+// Until then, three things keep the deprecation from being a trap. Every symbol is
+// resolved with an error rather than a panic, so a macOS that has dropped this
+// function leaves the app offering the user a command instead of crashing on the
+// way to a prompt. A failure to run the tool is reported as ErrUnavailable, so the
+// fallback is the same one an agent-less Linux session gets. And the whole path
+// runs under guard, which turns a panic out of the FFI layer into that same
+// fallback.
+//
+// The trampoline passes on the environment it was given, so what it starts as root
+// must be an executable this user's peers cannot influence: that is what
+// trustedSelf refuses, and what signing the binary settles for the loader.
+
+const (
+	securityFramework = "/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security"
+	libSystem         = "/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib"
+
+	// trampoline is what the framework hands the tool to. Present on every macOS,
+	// and worth confirming before offering a prompt rather than mid-prompt.
+	trampoline = "/usr/libexec/security_authtrampoline"
+)
+
+// rightExecute is the right an administrator holds, and what
+// AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges requires of us.
+const rightExecute = "system.privilege.admin"
+
+// promptKey is kAuthorizationEnvironmentPrompt, which puts a sentence of ours above
+// the system's in the dialog. It is about the change rather than the mechanism.
+const (
+	promptKey  = "prompt"
+	promptText = "NetBird needs to change a setting that grants SSH access to this computer."
+)
+
+// OSStatus values from SecBase.h that mean something to us; anything else is
+// reported as it comes.
+const (
+	errAuthorizationSuccess               = 0
+	errAuthorizationDenied                = -60005
+	errAuthorizationCanceled              = -60006
+	errAuthorizationInteractionNotAllowed = -60007
+	errAuthorizationToolExecuteFailure    = -60031
+	errAuthorizationToolEnvironmentError  = -60032
+)
+
+// AuthorizationFlags from Authorization.h.
+const (
+	flagDefaults           = 0
+	flagInteractionAllowed = 1 << 0
+	flagExtendRights       = 1 << 1
+	flagDestroyRights      = 1 << 3
+	flagPreAuthorize       = 1 << 4
+)
+
+// authorizationItem mirrors AuthorizationItem: a name, and a value the name gives
+// meaning to. 32 bytes on both amd64 and arm64.
+type authorizationItem struct {
+	name        *byte
+	valueLength uintptr
+	value       unsafe.Pointer
+	// flags is reserved by the API and always zero. Declared because the layout
+	// is the contract: without it the struct is 24 bytes where C reads 32.
+	flags uint32 //nolint:unused // part of the C layout
+}
+
+// authorizationItemSet mirrors AuthorizationItemSet, which serves as both an
+// AuthorizationRights and an AuthorizationEnvironment.
+type authorizationItemSet struct {
+	count uint32
+	items *authorizationItem
+}
+
+var (
+	authorizationCreate                func(rights, environment *authorizationItemSet, flags uint32, authorization *uintptr) int32
+	authorizationExecuteWithPrivileges func(authorization uintptr, pathToTool string, options uint32, arguments *uintptr, communicationsPipe *uintptr) int32
+	authorizationFree                  func(authorization uintptr, flags uint32) int32
+	fileno                             func(stream uintptr) int32
+	fclose                             func(stream uintptr) int32
+
+	loadOnce sync.Once
+	loadErr  error
+)
+
+// load resolves the functions once. A framework that cannot be opened, or a symbol
+// that is no longer there, leaves the host without a mechanism rather than taking
+// the process down with it: see the note on deprecation above.
+func load() error {
+	loadOnce.Do(func() { loadErr = guard("loading Security.framework", resolve) })
+	return loadErr
+}
+
+// guard turns a panic out of the FFI layer into an error, so an API that has
+// changed under us costs the user a prompt rather than the window they were
+// clicking in. purego panics on a signature it cannot map, and this is the one
+// place in the client that calls a deprecated system function.
+//
+// It catches Go panics, which is what purego raises. A fault inside the framework
+// itself is not a panic and not recoverable; the layout the tests pin down is what
+// stands between us and that.
+func guard(what string, fn func() error) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		r := recover()
+		if r == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		log.Errorf("%s panicked: %v", what, r)
+		err = fmt.Errorf("%w: %s: %v", ErrUnavailable, what, r)
+	}()
+	return fn()
+}
+
+func resolve() error {
+	security, err := purego.Dlopen(securityFramework, purego.RTLD_LAZY|purego.RTLD_GLOBAL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", securityFramework, err)
+	}
+	system, err := purego.Dlopen(libSystem, purego.RTLD_LAZY|purego.RTLD_GLOBAL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", libSystem, err)
+	}
+
+	// purego.RegisterLibFunc panics on a symbol it cannot find, which is not how a
+	// deprecated function's disappearance should reach the user.
+	for _, fn := range []struct {
+		ptr    any
+		handle uintptr
+		name   string
+	}{
+		{&authorizationCreate, security, "AuthorizationCreate"},
+		{&authorizationExecuteWithPrivileges, security, "AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges"},
+		{&authorizationFree, security, "AuthorizationFree"},
+		{&fileno, system, "fileno"},
+		{&fclose, system, "fclose"},
+	} {
+		symbol, err := purego.Dlsym(fn.handle, fn.name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("resolve %s: %w", fn.name, err)
+		}
+		if symbol == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("resolve %s: not present on this system", fn.name)
+		}
+		purego.RegisterFunc(fn.ptr, symbol)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// run asks the system to run self as root: first for the right, which is what puts
+// up the authentication dialog and collects the password or takes the Touch ID,
+// then for the tool. The credentials go to the system's authorization trampoline
+// and never to us.
+//
+// The context bounds only our own waiting; the dialog belongs to the system and
+// closes when the user answers it.
+func run(ctx context.Context, self string, args []string) error {
+	if err := load(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrUnavailable, err)
+	}
+
+	return guard("asking for privileges", func() error {
+		authorization, err := authorize()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer authorizationFree(authorization, flagDestroyRights)
+
+		return execute(ctx, authorization, self, args)
+	})
+}
+
+func mechanismAvailable() bool {
+	if err := load(); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	info, err := os.Stat(trampoline)
+	return err == nil && !info.IsDir()
+}
+
+// authorize obtains the right, prompting for it. A dismissed dialog comes back as
+// errAuthorizationCanceled and a password given up on as errAuthorizationDenied;
+// both are the user's answer rather than a failure.
+func authorize() (uintptr, error) {
+	var pinner runtime.Pinner
+	defer pinner.Unpin()
+
+	rights := itemSet(&pinner, authorizationItem{name: cString(&pinner, rightExecute)})
+	environment := itemSet(&pinner, promptItem(&pinner))
+
+	var authorization uintptr
+	status := authorizationCreate(rights, environment,
+		flagDefaults|flagInteractionAllowed|flagPreAuthorize|flagExtendRights, &authorization)
+
+	switch status {
+	case errAuthorizationSuccess:
+		return authorization, nil
+	case errAuthorizationCanceled, errAuthorizationDenied:
+		return 0, ErrDeclined
+	case errAuthorizationInteractionNotAllowed:
+		// Nowhere to put a dialog, so there is nobody to ask: a launch daemon, or
+		// a session with no window server.
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%w: this session cannot show an authorization prompt", ErrUnavailable)
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("request %s: OSStatus %d", rightExecute, status)
+	}
+}
+
+// execute runs the tool with the right in hand and waits for it by reading the pipe
+// it is given until the tool closes it.
+//
+// AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges reports no exit status and does not say what
+// process it started, which is why the one-shot says so itself: what it prints is
+// the only evidence that the change was applied.
+func execute(ctx context.Context, authorization uintptr, self string, args []string) error {
+	var pinner runtime.Pinner
+	defer pinner.Unpin()
+
+	argv := make([]uintptr, 0, len(args)+1)
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		argv = append(argv, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(cString(&pinner, arg))))
+	}
+	argv = append(argv, 0)
+	pinner.Pin(&argv[0])
+
+	var pipe uintptr
+	status := authorizationExecuteWithPrivileges(authorization, self, flagDefaults, &argv[0], &pipe)
+	switch status {
+	case errAuthorizationSuccess:
+	case errAuthorizationCanceled:
+		return ErrDeclined
+	case errAuthorizationToolExecuteFailure, errAuthorizationToolEnvironmentError:
+		// The right was granted and the tool still did not start. Nothing the user
+		// can do about it from here, so point them at the command instead.
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: the system would not run %s elevated (OSStatus %d)", ErrUnavailable, self, status)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("run %s elevated: OSStatus %d", self, status)
+	}
+
+	out, err := readPipe(ctx, pipe)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return checkApplied(out)
+}
+
+// checkApplied reads the one-shot's report, which stands in for the exit status
+// there is no way to ask for here. A run that said nothing did not apply the
+// change, whatever else went on.
+func checkApplied(out string) error {
+	if !strings.Contains(out, AppliedMarker) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("elevated netbird did not report the change as applied: %s", firstLine(out))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// readPipe drains the tool's output, which ends when the tool exits and is
+// therefore also how we wait for it.
+func readPipe(ctx context.Context, pipe uintptr) (string, error) {
+	if pipe == 0 {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	defer fclose(pipe)
+
+	fd := int(fileno(pipe))
+	if fd < 0 {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	var out strings.Builder
+	buf := make([]byte, 4096)
+	for {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return out.String(), err
+		}
+		n, err := syscall.Read(fd, buf)
+		if n > 0 {
+			out.Write(buf[:n])
+		}
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, syscall.EINTR):
+			// A signal landed mid-read, which says nothing about the tool.
+			continue
+		case err != nil:
+			log.Debugf("read the elevated process's output: %v", err)
+			return out.String(), nil
+		case n <= 0:
+			// End of file: the tool closed the pipe, which is how it exiting
+			// reaches us.
+			return out.String(), nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// itemSet builds an AuthorizationItemSet over items, pinned for the call.
+func itemSet(pinner *runtime.Pinner, items ...authorizationItem) *authorizationItemSet {
+	pinner.Pin(&items[0])
+	set := &authorizationItemSet{count: uint32(len(items)), items: &items[0]}
+	pinner.Pin(set)
+	return set
+}
+
+// promptItem is the environment entry carrying our sentence for the dialog.
+func promptItem(pinner *runtime.Pinner) authorizationItem {
+	value := []byte(promptText)
+	pinner.Pin(&value[0])
+	return authorizationItem{
+		name:        cString(pinner, promptKey),
+		valueLength: uintptr(len(value)),
+		value:       unsafe.Pointer(&value[0]),
+	}
+}
+
+// cString returns a NUL-terminated copy of s, pinned so the C side may hold it for
+// the duration of the call.
+func cString(pinner *runtime.Pinner, s string) *byte {
+	b := append([]byte(s), 0)
+	pinner.Pin(&b[0])
+	return &b[0]
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/run_darwin_test.go b/client/internal/elevate/run_darwin_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6c58c8cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/run_darwin_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// The framework has to load and the symbols have to resolve, or nothing else here
+// means anything.
+func TestSecurityFrameworkLoads(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, load(), "Security.framework must open")
+
+	for name, fn := range map[string]any{
+		"AuthorizationCreate":                authorizationCreate,
+		"AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges": authorizationExecuteWithPrivileges,
+		"AuthorizationFree":                  authorizationFree,
+		"fileno":                             fileno,
+		"fclose":                             fclose,
+	} {
+		assert.NotNil(t, fn, "%s must resolve", name)
+	}
+}
+
+// A request with no interaction allowed exercises the whole call — the rights and
+// environment structs, and the OSStatus that comes back — without a dialog anybody
+// has to answer. What the system decides is its business; that it decides at all is
+// what this asserts.
+func TestAuthorizationCreateWithoutInteraction(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := load(); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("Security.framework did not open: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var pinner runtime.Pinner
+	defer pinner.Unpin()
+
+	rights := itemSet(&pinner, authorizationItem{name: cString(&pinner, rightExecute)})
+	environment := itemSet(&pinner, promptItem(&pinner))
+	require.EqualValues(t, 1, rights.count, "the rights struct layout must match the C one")
+
+	var authorization uintptr
+	status := authorizationCreate(rights, environment, flagDefaults|flagExtendRights, &authorization)
+
+	switch status {
+	case errAuthorizationSuccess:
+		// Credentials were already cached for this session.
+		authorizationFree(authorization, flagDestroyRights)
+	case errAuthorizationDenied, errAuthorizationInteractionNotAllowed:
+		// The expected answers when nobody may be asked.
+	default:
+		require.Failf(t, "unknown OSStatus", "AuthorizationCreate returned %d, want a status we recognise", status)
+	}
+}
+
+// Asking with a right nobody has must not be mistaken for a declined prompt: the
+// caller would report nothing at all.
+func TestAuthorizeUnknownRightIsNotDeclined(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := load(); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("Security.framework did not open: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var pinner runtime.Pinner
+	defer pinner.Unpin()
+
+	rights := itemSet(&pinner, authorizationItem{name: cString(&pinner, "io.netbird.right.that.does.not.exist")})
+
+	var authorization uintptr
+	status := authorizationCreate(rights, nil, flagDefaults|flagExtendRights, &authorization)
+	if status == errAuthorizationSuccess {
+		authorizationFree(authorization, flagDestroyRights)
+	}
+	assert.NotEqual(t, int32(errAuthorizationSuccess), status, "a right that does not exist must not be granted")
+}
+
+func TestMechanismAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.True(t, mechanismAvailable(), "the trampoline exists on every macOS")
+}
+
+// The one-shot's report is what stands in for an exit status here, so a run that
+// says nothing must not read as success.
+func TestCheckApplied(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, checkApplied(AppliedMarker+"\n"), "the report the one-shot prints")
+	require.NoError(t, checkApplied("some warning\n"+AppliedMarker+"\n"), "the report after other output")
+
+	assert.Error(t, checkApplied(""), "a run that printed nothing did not apply the change")
+	assert.Error(t, checkApplied("dyld: library not loaded\n"), "output that is not the report")
+}
+
+// A panic out of the FFI layer has to reach the caller as "no mechanism", which is
+// the outcome that offers the user the command instead of taking the window down.
+func TestGuardTurnsAPanicIntoUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
+	err := guard("pretending to call something", func() error {
+		panic("purego: signature it cannot map")
+	})
+
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnavailable, "a panic must read as a missing mechanism")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "pretending to call something", "what panicked")
+}
+
+// guard wraps every darwin path, so what a caller switches on has to survive it.
+func TestGuardPassesErrorsThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	sentinel := errors.New("the call itself failed")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, guard("calling", func() error { return sentinel }), sentinel,
+		"the error it was given")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, guard("calling", func() error { return ErrDeclined }), ErrDeclined,
+		"a declined prompt stays declined")
+	assert.NoError(t, guard("calling", func() error { return nil }), "a call that worked")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/run_unix.go b/client/internal/elevate/run_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2de09a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/run_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// pkexec exit codes that are about the authorization rather than about the program
+// we asked it to run. The manual page reserves both.
+const (
+	// exitDismissed is returned when the user dismissed the authentication
+	// dialog.
+	exitDismissed = 126
+	// exitNotAuthorized is returned when the authorization was not obtained. That
+	// covers the user saying no as well as pkexec having had nobody to ask: see
+	// noAgentMarkers.
+	exitNotAuthorized = 127
+)
+
+// exitNotAuthorized covers three different endings that only pkexec's own words
+// tell apart, so they are matched here. Read with LC_ALL=C so the words are the
+// ones written below.
+//
+// refusedMarker is a refusal: the user said no, gave up on the password, or holds
+// an account that may not elevate at all.
+const refusedMarker = "Not authorized"
+
+// noAgentMarkers say pkexec had no way to ask: no agent registered for the
+// session, and no controlling terminal for the textual agent it falls back to.
+var noAgentMarkers = []string{"authentication agent", "controlling terminal"}
+
+// run asks polkit to run self as root. pkexec hands the request to the session's
+// polkit agent, which is what prompts and what collects any password; we see only
+// its verdict.
+//
+// The environment is otherwise deliberately not passed through: pkexec clears it
+// bar a small allowlist, and the one-shot needs nothing from it.
+func run(ctx context.Context, self string, args []string) error {
+	pkexec, err := exec.LookPath("pkexec")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: pkexec is not installed", ErrUnavailable)
+	}
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, pkexec, append([]string{self}, args...)...)
+	// C locale so pkexec's own diagnostics are the ones noAgentMarkers knows.
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "LC_ALL=C")
+	var stderr strings.Builder
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+	// The one-shot reports itself on stdout for macOS's sake, where there is no
+	// exit status to read. Here there is one, so that line is noise.
+	cmd.Stdout = io.Discard
+
+	err = cmd.Run()
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var exitErr *exec.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("run pkexec: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Matched against everything pkexec said, reported as one line: a complaint
+	// that is not the first thing printed still has to be recognised, and reading
+	// it as a refusal would swallow it.
+	full := stderr.String()
+	out := firstLine(full)
+
+	switch exitErr.ExitCode() {
+	case exitDismissed:
+		return ErrDeclined
+	case exitNotAuthorized:
+		return notAuthorized(full, out)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("elevated netbird exited with %d: %s", exitErr.ExitCode(), out)
+	}
+}
+
+// notAuthorized sorts out the three endings pkexec reports as exitNotAuthorized.
+//
+// It also returns that code when the authorization succeeded and it then could
+// not run the program, so a refusal has to be recognised rather than assumed:
+// reading every one of these as "the user said no" would revert the control in
+// silence on a host where elevation is broken.
+func notAuthorized(full, out string) error {
+	switch {
+	case hasAny(full, noAgentMarkers):
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: polkit had no way to ask: %s", ErrUnavailable, out)
+	case out == noOutput, strings.Contains(full, refusedMarker):
+		// The user said no, which needs no message; that an account barred from
+		// elevating altogether lands here too is why the reason is kept.
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s", ErrDeclined, out)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("pkexec could not run elevated netbird: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func hasAny(s string, markers []string) bool {
+	for _, marker := range markers {
+		if strings.Contains(s, marker) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func mechanismAvailable() bool {
+	_, err := exec.LookPath("pkexec")
+	return err == nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/run_unix_test.go b/client/internal/elevate/run_unix_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c868f9a74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/run_unix_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// fakePkexec puts a pkexec on PATH that exits with the given code, so the
+// mapping from polkit's exit codes onto our errors can be exercised without a
+// polkit agent.
+func fakePkexec(t *testing.T, exitCode int, stderr string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	script := fmt.Sprintf("#!/bin/sh\necho %s >&2\nexit %d\n", shellQuote(stderr), exitCode)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "pkexec"), []byte(script), 0o700), "write the fake pkexec")
+	t.Setenv("PATH", dir)
+}
+
+func shellQuote(s string) string {
+	return "'" + strings.ReplaceAll(s, "'", `'\''`) + "'"
+}
+
+func TestRunMapsPkexecExitCodes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		exitCode int
+		stderr   string
+		wantErr  error
+	}{
+		{name: "applied", exitCode: 0},
+		{
+			name:     "dialog dismissed",
+			exitCode: exitDismissed,
+			stderr:   "Error executing command as another user: Request dismissed",
+			wantErr:  ErrDeclined,
+		},
+		{
+			// What a graphical agent reports for a cancelled prompt. Not a
+			// failure: the user was asked and answered.
+			name:     "prompt cancelled",
+			exitCode: exitNotAuthorized,
+			stderr:   "Error executing command as another user: Not authorized",
+			wantErr:  ErrDeclined,
+		},
+		{
+			// The same status, but pkexec never got to ask anybody.
+			name:     "no agent and no terminal to fall back on",
+			exitCode: exitNotAuthorized,
+			stderr:   "Error creating textual authentication agent: Error opening current controlling terminal for the process (`/dev/tty'): No such device or address",
+			wantErr:  ErrUnavailable,
+		},
+		{
+			// And the same status again once the authorization succeeded and
+			// pkexec could not run what it had been authorized to run. Reading
+			// that as a refusal would revert the control in silence on a host
+			// where elevation is broken.
+			name:     "authorized but not runnable",
+			exitCode: exitNotAuthorized,
+			stderr:   "Error executing command as another user: No such file or directory",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fakePkexec(t, tt.exitCode, tt.stderr)
+
+			err := run(context.Background(), "/nonexistent/netbird-ui", []string{"--flag"})
+			switch {
+			case tt.wantErr != nil:
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, tt.wantErr, "exit %d said %q", tt.exitCode, tt.stderr)
+			case tt.exitCode == 0:
+				require.NoError(t, err, "a pkexec that exited cleanly applied the change")
+			default:
+				require.Error(t, err, "exit %d said %q", tt.exitCode, tt.stderr)
+				assert.NotErrorIs(t, err, ErrDeclined, "not the user's answer")
+				assert.NotErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnavailable, "not a missing mechanism")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// An exit code that is not polkit's is the one-shot's own failure, and has to
+// stay distinguishable from a declined prompt: the caller reports it.
+func TestRunReportsOneShotFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	fakePkexec(t, 3, "the one-shot said no")
+
+	err := run(context.Background(), "/nonexistent/netbird-ui", nil)
+
+	require.Error(t, err, "a one-shot that failed is not a prompt that was answered")
+	assert.NotErrorIs(t, err, ErrDeclined, "not the user's answer")
+	assert.NotErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnavailable, "not a missing mechanism")
+}
+
+func TestRunWithoutPkexecIsUnavailable(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("PATH", t.TempDir())
+
+	err := run(context.Background(), "/nonexistent/netbird-ui", nil)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnavailable, "no pkexec means no mechanism")
+	assert.False(t, mechanismAvailable(), "mechanismAvailable without pkexec on PATH")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/run_unsupported.go b/client/internal/elevate/run_unsupported.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1daf3184
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/run_unsupported.go
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//go:build !windows && !darwin && !linux
+
+package elevate
+
+import "context"
+
+// run reports that this platform has no elevation prompt to drive.
+//
+// The desktop app is the only caller and is not built for any of these: mobile
+// and WASM have no local user to ask, and the FreeBSD client ships without a UI.
+// pkexec would be the mechanism there, and run_unix.go is what to widen if that
+// changes.
+func run(context.Context, string, []string) error {
+	return ErrUnavailable
+}
+
+func mechanismAvailable() bool {
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/run_windows.go b/client/internal/elevate/run_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eef4c23ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/run_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+const (
+	// seeMaskNoCloseProcess keeps the started process's handle open in
+	// hProcess so we can wait for it.
+	seeMaskNoCloseProcess = 0x00000040
+	// seeMaskNoAsync makes ShellExecuteExW finish its work before returning,
+	// which it must when the calling thread does not pump messages.
+	seeMaskNoAsync = 0x00000100
+	// seeMaskFlagNoUI suppresses the shell's own error dialogs; the UAC consent
+	// dialog is not one of them and still appears.
+	seeMaskFlagNoUI = 0x00000400
+
+	// swHide: the one-shot has no window to show.
+	swHide = 0
+)
+
+// shellExecuteInfoW mirrors SHELLEXECUTEINFOW. The field order and Go's own
+// padding match the C layout on both 386 and amd64.
+type shellExecuteInfoW struct {
+	cbSize         uint32
+	fMask          uint32
+	hwnd           windows.HWND
+	lpVerb         *uint16
+	lpFile         *uint16
+	lpParameters   *uint16
+	lpDirectory    *uint16
+	nShow          int32
+	hInstApp       windows.Handle
+	lpIDList       uintptr
+	lpClass        *uint16
+	hkeyClass      windows.Handle
+	dwHotKey       uint32
+	hIconOrMonitor windows.Handle
+	hProcess       windows.Handle
+}
+
+var (
+	shell32            = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("shell32.dll")
+	procShellExecuteEx = shell32.NewProc("ShellExecuteExW")
+)
+
+// run starts self elevated with the "runas" verb, which is what raises the UAC
+// consent dialog, and waits for it to finish. Windows decides whether consent is
+// enough or an administrator's credentials are needed, and collects them itself.
+func run(ctx context.Context, self string, args []string) error {
+	verb, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString("runas")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encode verb: %w", err)
+	}
+	file, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(self)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encode %s: %w", self, err)
+	}
+	params, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(windows.ComposeCommandLine(args))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encode arguments: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	info := shellExecuteInfoW{
+		fMask:        seeMaskNoCloseProcess | seeMaskNoAsync | seeMaskFlagNoUI,
+		hwnd:         ownerWindow(),
+		lpVerb:       verb,
+		lpFile:       file,
+		lpParameters: params,
+		nShow:        swHide,
+	}
+	info.cbSize = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(info))
+
+	process, err := shellExecute(&info)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(process); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close elevated process handle: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return waitForProcess(ctx, process)
+}
+
+// shellExecute performs the call itself. ShellExecuteExW wants COM initialised on
+// the calling thread, so the goroutine is pinned to one for the duration and COM
+// is set up on it; an "already initialised, different mode" answer is fine,
+// because then somebody else has done it for us.
+func shellExecute(info *shellExecuteInfoW) (windows.Handle, error) {
+	runtime.LockOSThread()
+	defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
+
+	switch err := windows.CoInitializeEx(0, windows.COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED); {
+	case err == nil, isHResult(err, windows.S_FALSE):
+		// Ours, or already initialised in the same mode: either way this call
+		// counts and has to be balanced.
+		defer windows.CoUninitialize()
+	case isHResult(err, windows.RPC_E_CHANGED_MODE):
+		// The thread is already in the other apartment model. ShellExecuteExW
+		// works there too, and there is nothing of ours to balance.
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("initialise COM: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ret, _, lastErr := procShellExecuteEx.Call(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(info)))
+	if ret != 0 {
+		return info.hProcess, nil
+	}
+
+	if errors.Is(lastErr, windows.ERROR_CANCELLED) {
+		return 0, ErrDeclined
+	}
+	return 0, fmt.Errorf("run elevated: %w", lastErr)
+}
+
+// ownerWindow returns this process's foreground window, and 0 when the window in
+// front belongs to somebody else or cannot be attributed. ShellExecuteExW takes it
+// as the parent for the UI it raises, which is what keeps the consent dialog in
+// front of the window the user was just clicking in instead of behind it. It is
+// also what a remote-desktop session needs to place the dialog at all when the
+// secure desktop is switched off.
+func ownerWindow() windows.HWND {
+	hwnd := windows.GetForegroundWindow()
+	if hwnd == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	var pid uint32
+	if _, err := windows.GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, &pid); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("cannot attribute the foreground window, raising the prompt without an owner: %v", err)
+		return 0
+	}
+	if pid != windows.GetCurrentProcessId() {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return hwnd
+}
+
+// isHResult reports whether err carries the given HRESULT. CoInitializeEx
+// returns its HRESULT as an Errno, so the comparison is on the raw value.
+func isHResult(err error, hresult windows.Handle) bool {
+	var errno windows.Errno
+	return errors.As(err, &errno) && uintptr(errno) == uintptr(hresult)
+}
+
+func waitForProcess(ctx context.Context, process windows.Handle) error {
+	// The wait is interruptible so a cancelled context stops us waiting on a
+	// consent dialog nobody is going to answer. The elevated process is not
+	// ours to kill, and it either applies the change or does not.
+	for {
+		event, err := windows.WaitForSingleObject(process, 250)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("wait for the elevated process: %w", err)
+		}
+		if event == uint32(windows.WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+			break
+		}
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	var code uint32
+	if err := windows.GetExitCodeProcess(process, &code); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read the elevated process's exit code: %w", err)
+	}
+	if code != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("elevated netbird exited with %d", code)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mechanismAvailable is true on Windows: UAC prompts for consent when the user
+// is an administrator and for an administrator's credentials when they are not,
+// so there is always something to ask.
+func mechanismAvailable() bool {
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/trusted.go b/client/internal/elevate/trusted.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c11054c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/trusted.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+// trustedSelf returns the path of this executable, provided it is one we are
+// willing to have run as root.
+//
+// The check is what keeps elevation from becoming a way to launder someone
+// else's code into a root process: the user consents to NetBird being elevated,
+// having been shown NetBird's name, so what runs must be the file NetBird was
+// installed as and not something a third party could have swapped for it. An
+// executable only its owner can write is that; anything wider is refused, and
+// the caller falls back to showing the command instead.
+//
+// The owner writing to their own executable is not part of that threat: code
+// running as the user can already prompt them for anything, and could just as
+// well ask them to run the command by hand. What matters is that no *other*
+// unprivileged account can reach it.
+func trustedSelf() (string, error) {
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("locate this executable: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Resolve symlinks so the checks below apply to the file that would actually
+	// be executed, not to a link somebody else may control.
+	resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(exe)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("resolve %s: %w", exe, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := checkOnlyOwnerWritable(resolved); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %s cannot be trusted to run as root: %w", ErrUnavailable, resolved, err)
+	}
+	return resolved, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/trusted_group_darwin.go b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_group_darwin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4b387ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_group_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package elevate
+
+// adminWriteGIDs are the groups whose write access to an executable does not
+// widen who could authorize elevating it.
+//
+// macOS installs applications as root:admin, mode 0775, /Applications included,
+// so requiring owner-only write would reject every normal install. Group admin
+// (gid 80) is exactly the set of accounts that can answer the authentication
+// dialog, so its write access grants nothing the prompt would not.
+var adminWriteGIDs = []uint32{0, 80}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/trusted_group_unix.go b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_group_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7aa336423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_group_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !windows && !darwin
+
+package elevate
+
+// adminWriteGIDs are the groups whose write access to an executable does not
+// widen who could authorize elevating it. Only root's own group qualifies here:
+// a distribution installs into root-owned directories, and there is no
+// system-wide administrators group that both writes them and answers polkit.
+var adminWriteGIDs = []uint32{0}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/trusted_unix.go b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9d1a1b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"syscall"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/getent"
+)
+
+// checkOnlyOwnerWritable reports an error unless path, and every directory leading
+// to it, is owned by either root or this user and writable by nobody who could not
+// already act as its owner. A writable directory is as good as a writable file,
+// since anything in it can be replaced, so the whole chain is checked.
+func checkOnlyOwnerWritable(path string) error {
+	self := uint32(os.Getuid())
+
+	for dir := path; ; dir = filepath.Dir(dir) {
+		info, err := os.Lstat(dir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("stat %s: %w", dir, err)
+		}
+
+		stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
+		if !ok {
+			return errors.New("file ownership is unavailable on this platform")
+		}
+		if stat.Uid != 0 && stat.Uid != self {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s is owned by uid %d, neither root nor this user", dir, stat.Uid)
+		}
+
+		if err := checkWriteBits(dir, info, stat.Uid, stat.Gid); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if parent := filepath.Dir(dir); parent == dir {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func checkWriteBits(path string, info os.FileInfo, uid, gid uint32) error {
+	// On a directory the sticky bit stands in for the write bits: whoever may
+	// write there still cannot replace an entry they do not own, which is the
+	// only thing that would matter to us. /tmp is the usual example.
+	sticky := info.IsDir() && info.Mode()&os.ModeSticky != 0
+
+	return writeBitsAllow(path, info.Mode().Perm(), sticky, groupWriteAllowed(uid, gid))
+}
+
+// writeBitsAllow decides on the permission bits alone, given whether the group's
+// write access has been vouched for.
+func writeBitsAllow(path string, perm os.FileMode, sticky, groupAllowed bool) error {
+	if sticky {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if perm&0o020 != 0 && !groupAllowed {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is writable by a group with members other than its owner (%v)", path, perm)
+	}
+	if perm&0o002 != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is world-writable (%v)", path, perm)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// groupWriteAllowed reports whether a group's write access to a file owned by uid
+// puts it in reach of anyone who could not already act as that owner.
+//
+// Two ways it does not. A group in adminWriteGIDs holds the accounts that can
+// answer the elevation prompt anyway. And a user private group is how Debian,
+// Ubuntu and Fedora ship: their umask of 002 makes a home directory and
+// everything built in it group-writable, so refusing that would refuse every
+// build not installed from a package.
+func groupWriteAllowed(uid, gid uint32) bool {
+	if slices.Contains(adminWriteGIDs, gid) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	group, err := getent.LookupGroupID(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(gid), 10))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("cannot look up group %d, treating it as shared: %v", gid, err)
+		return false
+	}
+	owner, err := getent.LookupUserID(strconv.FormatUint(uint64(uid), 10))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("cannot look up uid %d, treating its group as shared: %v", uid, err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if group.Name != owner.Username {
+		return false
+	}
+	return !groupHasOtherMembers(group.Name, owner.Username)
+}
+
+// groupHasOtherMembers reports whether the group lists a member besides owner.
+//
+// Sharing the owner's name is what a user private group is recognised by, and it
+// says nothing about who is in it: a group that has since gained a member is
+// still named that way, and that member can write whatever the group can. So the
+// membership is read rather than assumed. A group whose members cannot be
+// listed, because no source on this host describes it, is treated as shared:
+// the name alone cannot vouch for who writes through it.
+func groupHasOtherMembers(name, owner string) bool {
+	members, err := getent.GroupMembers(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("cannot list the members of group %q, treating it as shared: %v", name, err)
+		return true
+	}
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(members, func(member string) bool { return member != owner })
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/trusted_unix_test.go b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_unix_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c0c5a966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_unix_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// ownerOnlyDir is t.TempDir() with the write bits tightened. testing creates its
+// numbered directory with 0777 minus the umask, so under the common 002 umask it
+// is group-writable and would fail the check under test on its own.
+func ownerOnlyDir(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(dir, 0o755), "tighten the temporary directory")
+	return dir
+}
+
+// writeExecutable creates a plain executable file, the shape trustedSelf checks.
+func writeExecutable(t *testing.T, dir string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "netbird-ui")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("#!/bin/sh\n"), 0o755), "write the executable")
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(path, 0o755), "set the executable's mode")
+	return path
+}
+
+func TestCheckOnlyOwnerWritableAcceptsOwnerOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	err := checkOnlyOwnerWritable(writeExecutable(t, ownerOnlyDir(t)))
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "an owner-only writable executable is trustworthy")
+}
+
+func TestCheckOnlyOwnerWritableRejectsWorldWritableFile(t *testing.T) {
+	path := writeExecutable(t, ownerOnlyDir(t))
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(path, 0o777), "make the executable world-writable")
+
+	assert.Error(t, checkOnlyOwnerWritable(path), "a world-writable executable must be refused")
+}
+
+// The permission policy on its own, without a filesystem to arrange: whether the
+// group has been vouched for is the only thing that makes group write acceptable.
+func TestWriteBitsAllow(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		perm         os.FileMode
+		sticky       bool
+		groupAllowed bool
+		wantErr      bool
+	}{
+		{name: "owner only", perm: 0o755},
+		{name: "group write in a private group", perm: 0o775, groupAllowed: true},
+		{name: "group write in a shared group", perm: 0o775, wantErr: true},
+		{name: "world write", perm: 0o777, groupAllowed: true, wantErr: true},
+		{name: "world write on a sticky directory", perm: 0o777, sticky: true},
+		{name: "group write on a sticky directory", perm: 0o775, sticky: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := writeBitsAllow("/path", tt.perm, tt.sticky, tt.groupAllowed)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				assert.Error(t, err, "perm %v, sticky %v, group allowed %v", tt.perm, tt.sticky, tt.groupAllowed)
+				return
+			}
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "perm %v, sticky %v, group allowed %v", tt.perm, tt.sticky, tt.groupAllowed)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// A build under a home directory on a distribution with a 002 umask, which is what
+// a locally built or tarball-installed binary looks like. Its group has no members
+// but its owner, so it is as good as owner-only.
+//
+// Whether this host is such a distribution is read from the environment rather than
+// from groupWriteAllowed: asking the function under test whether to run would let
+// it skip its own coverage away if it regressed to refusing everything.
+func TestCheckOnlyOwnerWritableAcceptsOwnPrivateGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	requirePrivatePrimaryGroup(t)
+
+	dir := ownerOnlyDir(t)
+	path := writeExecutable(t, dir)
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(dir, 0o775), "make the directory group-writable")
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(path, 0o775), "make the executable group-writable")
+
+	err := checkOnlyOwnerWritable(path)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "group write in the owner's own private group reaches nobody else")
+}
+
+// A group whose membership no source can answer for is treated as shared: the
+// private-group allowance must not stand on a name nobody can vouch for. The
+// membership listing itself lives in the getent package and is tested there.
+func TestGroupHasOtherMembersRejectsAnUnknownGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.True(t, groupHasOtherMembers("nonexistent_group_xyzzy_12345", "vma"),
+		"a group no source describes")
+}
+
+// A writable directory is as good as a writable file: whoever can write the
+// directory can put a different binary at the same path.
+func TestCheckOnlyOwnerWritableRejectsWritableDirectory(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := filepath.Join(ownerOnlyDir(t), "bin")
+	require.NoError(t, os.Mkdir(dir, 0o755), "create the directory")
+	path := writeExecutable(t, dir)
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(dir, 0o777), "make the directory world-writable")
+
+	assert.Error(t, checkOnlyOwnerWritable(path), "an executable in a world-writable directory must be refused")
+}
+
+// A sticky world-writable directory is exempt: the sticky bit is what stops one
+// user replacing another's entries. /tmp is why this matters.
+func TestCheckOnlyOwnerWritableAcceptsStickyDirectory(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := filepath.Join(ownerOnlyDir(t), "sticky")
+	require.NoError(t, os.Mkdir(dir, 0o755), "create the directory")
+	path := writeExecutable(t, dir)
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chmod(dir, 0o777|os.ModeSticky), "make the directory sticky and world-writable")
+
+	err := checkOnlyOwnerWritable(path)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "the sticky bit stops another user replacing the executable")
+}
+
+func TestCheckOnlyOwnerWritableRejectsMissingFile(t *testing.T) {
+	err := checkOnlyOwnerWritable(filepath.Join(ownerOnlyDir(t), "absent"))
+	assert.Error(t, err, "an executable that is not there must be refused")
+}
+
+// requirePrivatePrimaryGroup skips unless this user's primary group is their own,
+// which is what the user-private-group allowance is about.
+func requirePrivatePrimaryGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	self, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "look up the test user")
+	group, err := user.LookupGroupId(strconv.Itoa(os.Getgid()))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "look up the test user's primary group")
+
+	if group.Name != self.Username {
+		t.Skipf("the test user's primary group is %q, not their own, so there is nothing to assert here", group.Name)
+	}
+	if groupHasOtherMembers(group.Name, self.Username) {
+		t.Skipf("group %q has other members, so it is not a private group", group.Name)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/trusted_windows.go b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fb05fd88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+const (
+	// fileDeleteChild is FILE_DELETE_CHILD, which x/sys does not define: the
+	// right to delete an entry of a directory without holding DELETE on it.
+	fileDeleteChild = 0x00000040
+
+	// accessAllowedCallbackACEType is an allow ACE with a condition appended to
+	// the ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE layout, so its trustee is still at SidStart.
+	accessAllowedCallbackACEType = 0x9
+
+	// The allow ACE types that carry object GUIDs ahead of the trustee, so the
+	// SID is not at SidStart. They occur on directory-service objects rather
+	// than files, and are refused rather than skipped: see aceTrustee.
+	accessAllowedObjectACEType         = 0x5
+	accessAllowedCallbackObjectACEType = 0xB
+)
+
+// fileWriteAccess are the rights that let a trustee rewrite or replace a file,
+// or take it over and then do so.
+const fileWriteAccess = windows.FILE_WRITE_DATA | windows.FILE_APPEND_DATA |
+	windows.DELETE | windows.WRITE_DAC | windows.WRITE_OWNER |
+	windows.GENERIC_WRITE | windows.GENERIC_ALL
+
+// dirWriteAccess are the rights over a directory that let a trustee replace an
+// entry somebody else owns. Creating a new entry is not one of them, which is
+// what the Unix sticky bit says in one bit: the root of every volume grants
+// BUILTIN\Users the right to add directories under it, and that reaches nothing
+// already there.
+const dirWriteAccess = fileDeleteChild | windows.DELETE |
+	windows.WRITE_DAC | windows.WRITE_OWNER | windows.GENERIC_ALL
+
+// trustedInstallerSID owns much of what Windows itself installs. x/sys has no
+// well-known constant for it.
+const trustedInstallerSID = "S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464"
+
+// checkOnlyOwnerWritable reports an error unless path, and every directory
+// leading to it, is owned by an account that can elevate (or by this user) and
+// grants write access to nobody else. A writable directory is as good as a
+// writable file, since an entry in it can be replaced, so the whole chain is
+// checked.
+func checkOnlyOwnerWritable(path string) error {
+	owners, err := trustedOwners()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	writers, err := trustedWriters(owners)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	writeAccess := windows.ACCESS_MASK(fileWriteAccess)
+	for target := path; ; target = filepath.Dir(target) {
+		if err := checkSecurity(target, writeAccess, owners, writers); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if parent := filepath.Dir(target); parent == target {
+			return nil
+		}
+		writeAccess = dirWriteAccess
+	}
+}
+
+// trustedOwners are the accounts we accept as the owner of the executable and of
+// the directories above it: the ones that can already answer the UAC prompt,
+// plus this user, whose own executable is theirs to write. Code running as the
+// user could prompt them for anything anyway; what matters is that no *other*
+// unprivileged account can reach it.
+func trustedOwners() ([]*windows.SID, error) {
+	self, err := currentUserSID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	owners := []*windows.SID{self}
+	for _, wellKnown := range []windows.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE{
+		windows.WinLocalSystemSid,
+		windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid,
+	} {
+		sid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(wellKnown)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("build well-known SID %d: %w", wellKnown, err)
+		}
+		owners = append(owners, sid)
+	}
+
+	installer, err := windows.StringToSid(trustedInstallerSID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse TrustedInstaller SID: %w", err)
+	}
+	return append(owners, installer), nil
+}
+
+// trustedWriters are the trustees whose write access does not widen who could
+// decide what runs behind the prompt. The owners, and CREATOR OWNER, which
+// resolves to the object's owner and is therefore already vetted.
+func trustedWriters(owners []*windows.SID) ([]*windows.SID, error) {
+	creatorOwner, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinCreatorOwnerSid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build the CREATOR OWNER SID: %w", err)
+	}
+	return append(slices.Clone(owners), creatorOwner), nil
+}
+
+func checkSecurity(path string, writeAccess windows.ACCESS_MASK, owners, writers []*windows.SID) error {
+	sd, err := windows.GetNamedSecurityInfo(path, windows.SE_FILE_OBJECT,
+		windows.OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION|windows.DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read security descriptor of %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	owner, _, err := sd.Owner()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read owner of %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	if !containsSID(owners, owner) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is owned by %s, which is neither this user nor an account that can elevate", path, owner)
+	}
+
+	dacl, _, err := sd.DACL()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read DACL of %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	// A NULL DACL grants everyone everything; only an absent security
+	// descriptor would have got us here without one, and neither is trustworthy.
+	if dacl == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s has no DACL, so it grants write access to everyone", path)
+	}
+
+	return checkDACL(path, dacl, writeAccess, writers)
+}
+
+// checkDACL refuses an ACL that grants write access to a trustee outside
+// writers.
+//
+// An allowlist, because the trustees that must not have it cannot be listed: an
+// ACE naming an ordinary user account hands that account the same power as one
+// naming Everyone, and only the accounts that may hold it are knowable.
+func checkDACL(path string, dacl *windows.ACL, writeAccess windows.ACCESS_MASK, writers []*windows.SID) error {
+	for i := uint32(0); i < uint32(dacl.AceCount); i++ {
+		var ace *windows.ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE
+		if err := windows.GetAce(dacl, i, &ace); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read ACE %d of %s: %w", i, path, err)
+		}
+		// An inherit-only ACE says what children of this object get, not what
+		// this object grants.
+		if ace.Header.AceFlags&windows.INHERIT_ONLY_ACE != 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if ace.Mask&writeAccess == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Only an allow ACE grants anything; a deny ACE narrows what one gave.
+		if !isAllowACE(ace.Header.AceType) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		trustee, err := aceTrustee(ace)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("read the trustee of ACE %d of %s: %w", i, path, err)
+		}
+		if !containsSID(writers, trustee) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s grants write access to %s", path, trustee)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// isAllowACE reports whether an ACE type grants rights, rather than denying,
+// auditing or labelling them.
+func isAllowACE(aceType uint8) bool {
+	switch aceType {
+	case windows.ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE_TYPE, accessAllowedCallbackACEType,
+		accessAllowedObjectACEType, accessAllowedCallbackObjectACEType:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// aceTrustee returns who an allow ACE grants its rights to. An ACE whose trustee
+// cannot be located is an error rather than something to skip past: being unable
+// to read who is being given write access is a refusal.
+func aceTrustee(ace *windows.ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE) (*windows.SID, error) {
+	switch ace.Header.AceType {
+	case windows.ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE_TYPE, accessAllowedCallbackACEType:
+		//nolint:gosec // SidStart is the first uint32 of the variable-length SID that follows the ACE header.
+		return (*windows.SID)(unsafe.Pointer(&ace.SidStart)), nil
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.New("an object-type allow ACE does not carry its trustee where we can read it")
+	}
+}
+
+func containsSID(sids []*windows.SID, sid *windows.SID) bool {
+	return slices.ContainsFunc(sids, sid.Equals)
+}
+
+func currentUserSID() (*windows.SID, error) {
+	token := windows.GetCurrentProcessToken()
+	user, err := token.GetTokenUser()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read this process's user: %w", err)
+	}
+	return user.User.Sid, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/elevate/trusted_windows_test.go b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..946e7b7c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/elevate/trusted_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package elevate
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// A file the test user created under their own profile, which is what a per-user
+// install looks like. The whole chain up to the volume root is walked, so this is
+// also what says the walk does not refuse an ordinary Windows installation: the
+// root of every volume grants BUILTIN\Users rights that are not ours to worry
+// about.
+func TestCheckOnlyOwnerWritableAcceptsOwnFile(t *testing.T) {
+	err := checkOnlyOwnerWritable(writeExecutable(t))
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "a file the test user owns, under directories only administrators can write")
+}
+
+// Write access held by an account that cannot answer the UAC prompt means that
+// account decides what runs behind it, whoever the ACE names. The trustees that
+// must not have it cannot be listed, so the check names the ones that may.
+func TestCheckOnlyOwnerWritableRejectsUntrustedWriters(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		wellKnown windows.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE
+	}{
+		{name: "everyone", wellKnown: windows.WinWorldSid},
+		{name: "authenticated users", wellKnown: windows.WinAuthenticatedUserSid},
+		{name: "builtin users", wellKnown: windows.WinBuiltinUsersSid},
+		// A service account, which no denylist of the obvious groups would name
+		// and which cannot elevate any more than Everyone can.
+		{name: "local service", wellKnown: windows.WinLocalServiceSid},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			path := writeExecutable(t)
+			grantWrite(t, path, tt.wellKnown)
+
+			assert.Error(t, checkOnlyOwnerWritable(path),
+				"write access for %s must be refused", tt.name)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// The masks are the policy: on a file any write reaches its contents, while on a
+// directory only deleting or taking over an entry reaches something already
+// there. Adding an entry does not, which is why the walk survives a volume root.
+func TestWriteAccessMasks(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.NotZero(t, fileWriteAccess&windows.FILE_WRITE_DATA, "writing a file's data reaches its contents")
+	assert.NotZero(t, fileWriteAccess&windows.FILE_APPEND_DATA, "appending to a file reaches its contents")
+
+	assert.Zero(t, dirWriteAccess&windows.FILE_WRITE_DATA, "adding a file to a directory replaces nothing")
+	assert.Zero(t, dirWriteAccess&windows.FILE_APPEND_DATA, "adding a subdirectory replaces nothing")
+	assert.NotZero(t, dirWriteAccess&fileDeleteChild, "deleting an entry replaces it")
+	assert.NotZero(t, dirWriteAccess&windows.DELETE, "deleting the directory takes its entries with it")
+}
+
+func TestIsAllowACE(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		aceType uint8
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{name: "allowed", aceType: windows.ACCESS_ALLOWED_ACE_TYPE, want: true},
+		{name: "allowed callback", aceType: accessAllowedCallbackACEType, want: true},
+		{name: "allowed object", aceType: accessAllowedObjectACEType, want: true},
+		{name: "allowed callback object", aceType: accessAllowedCallbackObjectACEType, want: true},
+		{name: "denied", aceType: windows.ACCESS_DENIED_ACE_TYPE},
+		// SYSTEM_AUDIT_ACE_TYPE, which x/sys does not define: an ACE that records
+		// access rather than granting it.
+		{name: "audit", aceType: 0x2},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, isAllowACE(tt.aceType), "ACE type %#x", tt.aceType)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// writeExecutable creates a plain file under the test's own directory, the shape
+// trustedSelf checks.
+func writeExecutable(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "netbird-ui.exe")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("MZ"), 0o755), "write the executable")
+	return path
+}
+
+// grantWrite replaces the file's DACL with one that grants a well-known trustee
+// everything, keeping the test user's own access so the file stays deletable.
+func grantWrite(t *testing.T, path string, wellKnown windows.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	trustee, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(wellKnown)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "build the trustee SID")
+	self, err := currentUserSID()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read the test user's SID")
+
+	acl, err := windows.ACLFromEntries([]windows.EXPLICIT_ACCESS{
+		fullControl(self, windows.TRUSTEE_IS_USER),
+		fullControl(trustee, windows.TRUSTEE_IS_WELL_KNOWN_GROUP),
+	}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "build the ACL")
+
+	require.NoError(t, windows.SetNamedSecurityInfo(path, windows.SE_FILE_OBJECT,
+		windows.DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION|windows.PROTECTED_DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION,
+		nil, nil, acl, nil), "set the DACL")
+}
+
+func fullControl(sid *windows.SID, trusteeType uint32) windows.EXPLICIT_ACCESS {
+	return windows.EXPLICIT_ACCESS{
+		AccessPermissions: windows.GENERIC_ALL,
+		AccessMode:        windows.GRANT_ACCESS,
+		Trustee: windows.TRUSTEE{
+			TrusteeForm:  windows.TRUSTEE_IS_SID,
+			TrusteeType:  windows.TRUSTEE_TYPE(trusteeType),
+			TrusteeValue: windows.TrusteeValueFromSID(sid),
+		},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/engine.go b/client/internal/engine.go
index 8d7e02bd5..f8b65f7d8 100644
--- a/client/internal/engine.go
+++ b/client/internal/engine.go
@@ -22,16 +22,18 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
-	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
 	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/firewalld"
 	firewallManager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/uspfilter/forwarder"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
 	nbnetstack "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/udpmux"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/acl"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/debug"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dnsfwd"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/expose"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ingressgw"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/metrics"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
@@ -52,22 +55,29 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/relay"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/rosenpass"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/syncstore"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updater"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/jobexec"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents"
 	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	mgm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	sharedgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
+	nbnetworkmap "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
 	auth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/auth/hmac"
 	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
 	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/client"
 	sProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/capture"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
 // PeerConnectionTimeoutMax is a timeout of an initial connection attempt to a remote peer.
@@ -78,16 +88,32 @@ const (
 	PeerConnectionTimeoutMax = 45000 // ms
 	PeerConnectionTimeoutMin = 30000 // ms
 	disableAutoUpdate        = "disabled"
+
+	// systemInfoTimeout bounds how long the sync loop waits for system info / posture
+	// check gathering. The gathering runs uncancellable system calls (process scan,
+	// exec, os.Stat); without this bound a single stuck call freezes handleSync, and
+	// thus syncMsgMux, for as long as the call hangs (observed multi-minute freezes).
+	systemInfoTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+
+	// dnsForwarderStopTimeout bounds how long stopping the DNS forwarder waits
+	// for the queries still in flight. One waiting on an unresponsive upstream
+	// would otherwise hold the stop for the whole upstream timeout, and the
+	// stop runs with syncMsgMux held. The sockets are closed either way, so
+	// giving up costs a query that was already failing.
+	dnsForwarderStopTimeout = 2 * time.Second
 )
 
 var ErrResetConnection = fmt.Errorf("reset connection")
 
+var ErrEngineAlreadyStarted = errors.New("engine already started")
+
 type EngineConfig struct {
 	WgPort      int
 	WgIfaceName string
 
-	// WgAddr is a Wireguard local address (Netbird Network IP)
-	WgAddr string
+	// WgAddr is the Wireguard local address (Netbird Network IP).
+	// Contains both v4 and optional v6 overlay addresses.
+	WgAddr wgaddr.Address
 
 	// WgPrivateKey is a Wireguard private key of our peer (it MUST never leave the machine)
 	WgPrivateKey wgtypes.Key
@@ -118,6 +144,7 @@ type EngineConfig struct {
 	RosenpassPermissive bool
 
 	ServerSSHAllowed              bool
+	RemoteJobsAllowed             bool
 	EnableSSHRoot                 *bool
 	EnableSSHSFTP                 *bool
 	EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding  *bool
@@ -132,8 +159,12 @@ type EngineConfig struct {
 	DisableFirewall     bool
 	BlockLANAccess      bool
 	BlockInbound        bool
+	DisableIPv6         bool
+	SyncMessageVersion  *int
 
-	LazyConnectionEnabled bool
+	// LazyConnection is the MDM-sourced lazy-connection override; StateUnset defers to
+	// the env var and management feature flag.
+	LazyConnection lazyconn.State
 
 	MTU uint16
 
@@ -142,6 +173,10 @@ type EngineConfig struct {
 
 	LogPath string
 	TempDir string
+
+	// StateDir is the directory holding the state file. The sync response
+	// (network map) is serialized here on platforms that persist it to disk.
+	StateDir string
 }
 
 // EngineServices holds the external service dependencies required by the Engine.
@@ -154,6 +189,10 @@ type EngineServices struct {
 	StateManager   *statemanager.Manager
 	UpdateManager  *updater.Manager
 	ClientMetrics  *metrics.ClientMetrics
+	MetricsCtx     context.Context
+	// NetMgr gates the reconnection loops on OS-reported network
+	// availability; nil disables gating.
+	NetMgr *netevents.Manager
 }
 
 // Engine is a mechanism responsible for reacting on Signal and Management stream events and managing connections to the remote peers.
@@ -177,6 +216,10 @@ type Engine struct {
 	config    *EngineConfig
 	mobileDep MobileDependency
 
+	// netMgr gates the peer reconnection guards on OS-reported network
+	// availability; nil disables gating.
+	netMgr *netevents.Manager
+
 	// STUNs is a list of STUN servers used by ICE
 	STUNs []*stun.URI
 	// TURNs is a list of STUN servers used by ICE
@@ -189,6 +232,8 @@ type Engine struct {
 	ctx    context.Context
 	cancel context.CancelFunc
 
+	started bool
+
 	wgInterface WGIface
 
 	udpMux *udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault
@@ -196,6 +241,13 @@ type Engine struct {
 	// networkSerial is the latest CurrentSerial (state ID) of the network sent by the Management service
 	networkSerial uint64
 
+	// latestComponents is the most-recent NetworkMapComponents decoded from
+	// a NetworkMapEnvelope (capability=3 peers only). Held alongside the
+	// NetworkMap that Calculate() produced from it so future incremental
+	// updates have a base to apply changes against. nil for legacy-format
+	// peers. Guarded by syncMsgMux.
+	latestComponents *types.NetworkMapComponents
+
 	networkMonitor *networkmonitor.NetworkMonitor
 
 	sshServer sshServer
@@ -213,16 +265,25 @@ type Engine struct {
 	// checks are the client-applied posture checks that need to be evaluated on the client
 	checks []*mgmProto.Checks
 
+	infoSource system.InfoSource
+
 	relayManager       *relayClient.Manager
 	stateManager       *statemanager.Manager
 	portForwardManager *portforward.Manager
 	srWatcher          *guard.SRWatcher
 
-	// Sync response persistence (protected by syncRespMux)
-	syncRespMux         sync.RWMutex
-	persistSyncResponse bool
-	latestSyncResponse  *mgmProto.SyncResponse
-	flowManager         nftypes.FlowManager
+	afpacketCapture *capture.AFPacketCapture
+
+	// Sync response persistence (protected by syncRespMux).
+	// syncStore is nil unless persistence has been enabled; its presence is
+	// what marks persistence as active. The backend (disk or memory) is
+	// selected per-platform; see the syncstore package. syncStoreDir is where
+	// a disk-backed store serializes to.
+	syncRespMux  sync.RWMutex
+	syncStore    syncstore.Store
+	syncStoreDir string
+
+	flowManager nftypes.FlowManager
 
 	// auto-update
 	updateManager *updater.Manager
@@ -237,11 +298,26 @@ type Engine struct {
 
 	// clientMetrics collects and pushes metrics
 	clientMetrics *metrics.ClientMetrics
+	metricsCtx    context.Context
 
 	jobExecutor   *jobexec.Executor
 	jobExecutorWG sync.WaitGroup
 
 	exposeManager *expose.Manager
+
+	sessionWatcher sessionDeadlineWatcher
+}
+
+// sessionDeadlineWatcher is the engine-facing surface of the SSO session
+// expiry watcher. The concrete implementation (sessionwatch.Watcher) is wired
+// in via newSessionWatcher, which is build-tagged so the js/wasm build links a
+// no-op stub instead of pulling the full sessionwatch package (and its timer
+// machinery) into the binary — the wasm client never runs the engine's
+// session-warning flow.
+type sessionDeadlineWatcher interface {
+	Update(deadline time.Time) error
+	Dismiss()
+	Close()
 }
 
 // Peer is an instance of the Connection Peer
@@ -254,6 +330,10 @@ type localIpUpdater interface {
 	UpdateLocalIPs() error
 }
 
+// overlayRebind rebuilds one subsystem's sockets on the current interface. The
+// error it returns names its own subsystem, since the caller can only log it.
+type overlayRebind func() error
+
 // NewEngine creates a new Connection Engine with probes attached
 func NewEngine(
 	clientCtx context.Context,
@@ -262,9 +342,15 @@ func NewEngine(
 	services EngineServices,
 	mobileDep MobileDependency,
 ) *Engine {
+	// The engine is single-use: a fresh instance is built per connection
+	// cycle (see Client.run), so the run context is created once here rather
+	// than in Start.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(clientCtx)
 	engine := &Engine{
 		clientCtx:          clientCtx,
 		clientCancel:       clientCancel,
+		ctx:                ctx,
+		cancel:             cancel,
 		signal:             services.SignalClient,
 		signaler:           peer.NewSignaler(services.SignalClient, config.WgPrivateKey),
 		mgmClient:          services.MgmClient,
@@ -273,6 +359,7 @@ func NewEngine(
 		syncMsgMux:         &sync.Mutex{},
 		config:             config,
 		mobileDep:          mobileDep,
+		netMgr:             services.NetMgr,
 		STUNs:              []*stun.URI{},
 		TURNs:              []*stun.URI{},
 		networkSerial:      0,
@@ -283,8 +370,21 @@ func NewEngine(
 		probeStunTurn:      relay.NewStunTurnProbe(relay.DefaultCacheTTL),
 		jobExecutor:        jobexec.NewExecutor(),
 		clientMetrics:      services.ClientMetrics,
+		metricsCtx:         services.MetricsCtx,
 		updateManager:      services.UpdateManager,
+		syncStoreDir:       config.StateDir,
 	}
+	// sessionWatcher keeps the SubscribeStatus consumers in sync with the
+	// session expiry deadline. Deadline-change ticks come for free via
+	// Status.SetSessionExpiresAt; the watcher exists to push a wake-up at
+	// T-WarningLead and T-FinalWarningLead so the UI repaints the remaining
+	// time / warning state even when nothing else changed, and to publish
+	// two SystemEvents (the warning composition lives in sessionwatch so
+	// the wire format stays owned by one package):
+	//   - T-WarningLead   → interactive "Extend now / Dismiss" notification
+	//   - T-FinalWarningLead → auto-opened SessionAboutToExpire dialog,
+	//     suppressed when the user dismissed the earlier warning
+	engine.sessionWatcher = newSessionWatcher(engine.statusRecorder)
 
 	log.Infof("I am: %s", config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String())
 	return engine
@@ -296,8 +396,34 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		log.Debugf("tried stopping engine that is nil")
 		return nil
 	}
+	e.cancel()
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 
+	e.stopLocked()
+
+	e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+
+	timeout := e.calculateShutdownTimeout()
+	log.Debugf("waiting for goroutines to finish with timeout: %v", timeout)
+	shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := waitWithContext(shutdownCtx, &e.shutdownWg); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("shutdown timeout exceeded after %v, some goroutines may still be running", timeout)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("stopped Netbird Engine")
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// stopLocked tears down everything Start may have brought up, in the order
+// teardown requires (DNS before the interface goes down, flow manager after).
+// The caller must hold syncMsgMux. It is shared by Stop and by Start's failure
+// path, so a partially-initialized engine is cleaned up the same way; every
+// step is nil-guarded. It does not wait on shutdownWg — the caller does that
+// after releasing the lock, since the goroutines also take syncMsgMux.
+func (e *Engine) stopLocked() {
 	if e.connMgr != nil {
 		e.connMgr.Close()
 	}
@@ -325,6 +451,10 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 		e.srWatcher.Close()
 	}
 
+	if e.sessionWatcher != nil {
+		e.sessionWatcher.Close()
+	}
+
 	if e.updateManager != nil {
 		e.updateManager.SetDownloadOnly()
 	}
@@ -348,10 +478,6 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 	// so dbus and friends don't complain because of a missing interface
 	e.stopDNSServer()
 
-	if e.cancel != nil {
-		e.cancel()
-	}
-
 	e.jobExecutorWG.Wait() // block until job goroutines finish
 
 	e.close()
@@ -370,21 +496,6 @@ func (e *Engine) Stop() error {
 	if err := e.stateManager.PersistState(context.Background()); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to persist state: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
-
-	timeout := e.calculateShutdownTimeout()
-	log.Debugf("waiting for goroutines to finish with timeout: %v", timeout)
-	shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	if err := waitWithContext(shutdownCtx, &e.shutdownWg); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("shutdown timeout exceeded after %v, some goroutines may still be running", timeout)
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("stopped Netbird Engine")
-
-	return nil
 }
 
 // calculateShutdownTimeout returns shutdown timeout: 10s base + 100ms per peer, capped at 30s.
@@ -422,18 +533,38 @@ func waitWithContext(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup) error {
 // Start creates a new WireGuard tunnel interface and listens to events from Signal and Management services
 // Connections to remote peers are not established here.
 // However, they will be established once an event with a list of peers to connect to will be received from Management Service
-func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL) error {
+func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL) (err error) {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
 
-	if err := iface.ValidateMTU(e.config.MTU); err != nil {
+	// The engine is single-use. Reject a duplicate start and a start on an
+	// already-stopped engine (run context cancelled).
+	if e.started {
+		return ErrEngineAlreadyStarted
+	}
+
+	if ctxErr := e.ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("engine already stopped: %w", ctxErr)
+	}
+
+	e.started = true
+
+	// Tear down any partially-initialized state on a failed start. Cancel the
+	// run context first so goroutines started before the failure (connMgr,
+	// srWatcher, monitors) unwind, then stopLocked mirrors Stop's teardown (we
+	// already hold syncMsgMux), cleaning up route/DNS/flow/state managers too,
+	// not just what close() covers.
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			e.cancel()
+			e.stopLocked()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err = iface.ValidateMTU(e.config.MTU); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid MTU configuration: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if e.cancel != nil {
-		e.cancel()
-	}
-	e.ctx, e.cancel = context.WithCancel(e.clientCtx)
 	e.exposeManager = expose.NewManager(e.ctx, e.mgmClient)
 
 	wgIface, err := e.newWgIface()
@@ -455,7 +586,7 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 		} else {
 			log.Infof("running rosenpass in strict mode")
 		}
-		e.rpManager, err = rosenpass.NewManager(e.config.PreSharedKey, e.config.WgIfaceName)
+		e.rpManager, err = rosenpass.NewManager(e.config.PreSharedKey, e.config.WgIfaceName, publicKey)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create rosenpass manager: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -465,15 +596,8 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 	}
 	e.stateManager.Start()
 
-	initialRoutes, dnsConfig, dnsFeatureFlag, err := e.readInitialSettings()
+	dnsServer, err := e.newDnsServer()
 	if err != nil {
-		e.close()
-		return fmt.Errorf("read initial settings: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	dnsServer, err := e.newDnsServer(dnsConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		e.close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("create dns server: %w", err)
 	}
 	e.dnsServer = dnsServer
@@ -490,10 +614,8 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 		WGInterface:         e.wgInterface,
 		StatusRecorder:      e.statusRecorder,
 		RelayManager:        e.relayManager,
-		InitialRoutes:       initialRoutes,
 		StateManager:        e.stateManager,
 		DNSServer:           dnsServer,
-		DNSFeatureFlag:      dnsFeatureFlag,
 		PeerStore:           e.peerStore,
 		DisableClientRoutes: e.config.DisableClientRoutes,
 		DisableServerRoutes: e.config.DisableServerRoutes,
@@ -504,25 +626,18 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 
 	e.routeManager.SetRouteChangeListener(e.mobileDep.NetworkChangeListener)
 
-	e.dnsServer.SetRouteChecker(func(ip netip.Addr) bool {
-		for _, routes := range e.routeManager.GetSelectedClientRoutes() {
-			for _, r := range routes {
-				if r.Network.Contains(ip) {
-					return true
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		return false
-	})
+	e.dnsServer.SetRouteSources(e.routeManager.GetSelectedClientRoutes, e.routeManager.GetActiveClientRoutes)
 
 	if err = e.wgInterfaceCreate(); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed creating tunnel interface %s: [%s]", e.config.WgIfaceName, err.Error())
-		e.close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("create wg interface: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if filteredDevice := e.wgInterface.GetDevice(); filteredDevice != nil {
+		filteredDevice.SetPanicHandler(e.triggerClientRestart)
+	}
+
 	if err := e.createFirewall(); err != nil {
-		e.close()
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -534,7 +649,6 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 	e.udpMux, err = e.wgInterface.Up()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to pull up wgInterface [%s]: %s", e.wgInterface.Name(), err.Error())
-		e.close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("up wg interface: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -559,21 +673,37 @@ func (e *Engine) Start(netbirdConfig *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig, mgmtURL *url.URL)
 		e.acl = acl.NewDefaultManager(e.firewall)
 	}
 
-	err = e.dnsServer.Initialize()
-	if err != nil {
-		e.close()
+	if err := e.dnsServer.Initialize(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("initialize dns server: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	iceCfg := e.createICEConfig()
 
 	e.connMgr = NewConnMgr(e.config, e.statusRecorder, e.peerStore, wgIface)
+	e.connMgr.SetRoutedIPsReconciler(func(peerKey string) error {
+		if e.routeManager == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return e.routeManager.ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs(peerKey)
+	})
 	e.connMgr.Start(e.ctx)
 
+	// Wire DNS-time lazy-connection warm-up now that the connection manager
+	// exists (it does not at DNS-server construction time). A DNS answer that
+	// points at an idle peer then wakes it before the client's first request.
+	e.dnsServer.SetPeerActivator(&dnsPeerActivator{
+		connMgr:   e.connMgr,
+		peerStore: e.peerStore,
+		status:    e.statusRecorder,
+		ctx:       e.ctx,
+	})
+
 	e.srWatcher = guard.NewSRWatcher(e.signal, e.relayManager, e.mobileDep.IFaceDiscover, iceCfg)
 	e.srWatcher.Start(peer.IsForceRelayed())
 
-	e.receiveSignalEvents()
+	if err = e.receiveSignalEvents(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	e.receiveManagementEvents()
 	e.receiveJobEvents()
 
@@ -625,10 +755,14 @@ func (e *Engine) createFirewall() error {
 
 func (e *Engine) initFirewall() error {
 	if err := e.routeManager.SetFirewall(e.firewall); err != nil {
-		e.close()
 		return fmt.Errorf("set firewall: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// TODO: the firewall backends dedup filter rules by content, so a
+	// management route ACL with identical content would collapse onto the
+	// untracked drop rules installed here, and a later management delete
+	// could remove them. Needs backend refcounting or per-consumer key
+	// namespacing.
 	if e.config.BlockLANAccess {
 		e.blockLanAccess()
 	}
@@ -640,15 +774,15 @@ func (e *Engine) initFirewall() error {
 	rosenpassPort := e.rpManager.GetAddress().Port
 	port := firewallManager.Port{Values: []uint16{uint16(rosenpassPort)}}
 
-	// this rule is static and will be torn down on engine down by the firewall manager
-	if _, err := e.firewall.AddPeerFiltering(
+	// IPv4-only: rosenpass peers connect via AllowedIps[0] which is always v4.
+	if _, err := e.firewall.AddFilterRule(
 		nil,
-		net.IP{0, 0, 0, 0},
+		[]netip.Prefix{netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)},
+		firewallManager.Network{},
 		firewallManager.ProtocolUDP,
 		nil,
 		&port,
 		firewallManager.ActionAccept,
-		"",
 	); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to allow rosenpass interface traffic: %v", err)
 		return nil
@@ -692,10 +826,15 @@ func (e *Engine) blockLanAccess() {
 
 	log.Infof("blocking route LAN access for networks: %v", toBlock)
 	v4 := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)
+	v6 := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)
 	for _, network := range toBlock {
-		if _, err := e.firewall.AddRouteFiltering(
+		source := v4
+		if network.Addr().Is6() {
+			source = v6
+		}
+		if _, err := e.firewall.AddFilterRule(
 			nil,
-			[]netip.Prefix{v4},
+			[]netip.Prefix{source},
 			firewallManager.Network{Prefix: network},
 			firewallManager.ProtocolALL,
 			nil,
@@ -733,7 +872,7 @@ func (e *Engine) modifyPeers(peersUpdate []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) error {
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
-		if !compareNetIPLists(allowedIPs, p.GetAllowedIps()) {
+		if !compareNetIPLists(allowedIPs, e.filterAllowedIPs(p.GetAllowedIps())) {
 			modified = append(modified, p)
 			continue
 		}
@@ -752,8 +891,7 @@ func (e *Engine) modifyPeers(peersUpdate []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) error {
 	}
 	// third, add the peer connections again
 	for _, p := range modified {
-		err := e.addNewPeer(p)
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := e.addNewPeer(p); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -846,6 +984,16 @@ func (e *Engine) handleAutoUpdateVersion(autoUpdateSettings *mgmProto.AutoUpdate
 	e.updateManager.SetVersion(autoUpdateSettings.Version, autoUpdateSettings.AlwaysUpdate)
 }
 
+// phase times a sync sub-phase: it returns a function that records the elapsed
+// duration when called. Starting the timer at the call site keeps inter-phase
+// glue code out of the measurement.
+func (e *Engine) phase(name string) func() {
+	start := time.Now()
+	return func() {
+		e.clientMetrics.RecordSyncPhase(e.ctx, name, time.Since(start))
+	}
+}
+
 func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 	started := time.Now()
 	defer func() {
@@ -861,68 +1009,87 @@ func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 		return e.ctx.Err()
 	}
 
-	if update.NetworkMap != nil && update.NetworkMap.PeerConfig != nil {
-		e.handleAutoUpdateVersion(update.NetworkMap.PeerConfig.AutoUpdate)
+	e.ApplySessionDeadline(update.GetSessionExpiresAt())
+
+	// Envelope sync responses carry PeerConfig at the top level; legacy
+	// NetworkMap syncs carry it under NetworkMap.PeerConfig.
+	if pc := update.GetPeerConfig(); pc != nil {
+		e.handleAutoUpdateVersion(pc.GetAutoUpdate())
+	} else if nm := update.GetNetworkMap(); nm != nil && nm.GetPeerConfig() != nil {
+		e.handleAutoUpdateVersion(nm.GetPeerConfig().GetAutoUpdate())
 	}
 
-	if update.GetNetbirdConfig() != nil {
-		wCfg := update.GetNetbirdConfig()
-		err := e.updateTURNs(wCfg.GetTurns())
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("update TURNs: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		err = e.updateSTUNs(wCfg.GetStuns())
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("update STUNs: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		var stunTurn []*stun.URI
-		stunTurn = append(stunTurn, e.STUNs...)
-		stunTurn = append(stunTurn, e.TURNs...)
-		e.stunTurn.Store(stunTurn)
-
-		err = e.handleRelayUpdate(wCfg.GetRelay())
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		err = e.handleFlowUpdate(wCfg.GetFlow())
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("handle the flow configuration: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if err := e.PopulateNetbirdConfig(wCfg, nil); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Failed to update DNS server config: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		// todo update signal
-	}
-
-	if err := e.updateChecksIfNew(update.Checks); err != nil {
+	done := e.phase("netbird_config")
+	err := e.updateNetbirdConfig(update.GetNetbirdConfig())
+	done()
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	nm := update.GetNetworkMap()
+	// Decode the network map from either the components envelope or the
+	// legacy proto.NetworkMap before the posture-check gating below, so the
+	// "is there a network map" decision covers both wire shapes.
+	var (
+		nm         *mgmProto.NetworkMap
+		components *types.NetworkMapComponents
+	)
+	if version := update.GetVersion(); version == int32(sharedgrpc.ComponentNetworkMap) {
+		// Components-format peer: decode the envelope back to typed
+		// components, run Calculate() locally, and convert to the wire
+		// NetworkMap shape the rest of the engine consumes. Components are
+		// retained so future incremental updates can apply deltas instead
+		// of doing a full reconstruction.
+		envelope := update.GetNetworkMapEnvelope()
+		if envelope == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("received a SyncReponse indicating use of components network map, but components are missing")
+		}
+
+		localKey := e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String()
+		dnsName := ""
+		if pc := update.GetPeerConfig(); pc != nil {
+			// PeerConfig.Fqdn = "<dns_label>.<dns_domain>" — extract the
+			// shared domain by stripping the peer's own label prefix. Falls
+			// back to empty if the FQDN doesn't have the expected shape.
+			dnsName = extractDNSDomainFromFQDN(pc.GetFqdn())
+		}
+		result, err := nbnetworkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(e.ctx, envelope, localKey, dnsName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decode network map envelope: %w", err)
+		}
+		nm = result.NetworkMap
+		components = result.Components
+	} else {
+		nm = update.GetNetworkMap()
+	}
+
+	// Posture checks are bound to the network map presence:
+	//   NetworkMap != nil, checks present -> apply the received checks
+	//   NetworkMap != nil, checks nil     -> posture checks were removed, clear them
+	//   NetworkMap == nil                 -> config-only update (e.g. relay token rotation),
+	//                                        leave the previously applied checks untouched
 	if nm == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	// Persist sync response under the dedicated lock (syncRespMux), not under syncMsgMux.
-	// Read the storage-enabled flag under the syncRespMux too.
-	e.syncRespMux.RLock()
-	enabled := e.persistSyncResponse
-	e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
-
-	// Store sync response if persistence is enabled
-	if enabled {
-		e.syncRespMux.Lock()
-		e.latestSyncResponse = update
-		e.syncRespMux.Unlock()
-
-		log.Debugf("sync response persisted with serial %d", nm.GetSerial())
+	done = e.phase("checks")
+	err = e.updateChecksIfNew(update.Checks)
+	done()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
+	done = e.phase("persist")
+	// Only retain the components view when the server sent the envelope
+	// path. A legacy proto.NetworkMap means components == nil; writing it
+	// here would clobber a previously-cached snapshot, breaking the
+	// incremental-delta base on a future envelope sync.
+	if components != nil {
+		e.latestComponents = components
+	}
+
+	e.persistSyncResponse(update)
+	done()
+
 	// only apply new changes and ignore old ones
 	if err := e.updateNetworkMap(nm); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -933,6 +1100,79 @@ func (e *Engine) handleSync(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// extractDNSDomainFromFQDN returns the trailing dotted domain part of the
+// receiving peer's FQDN — the same value the management server fills as
+// dnsName when it builds the legacy NetworkMap. "peer42.netbird.cloud" →
+// "netbird.cloud". An empty string is returned for unrecognized formats.
+func extractDNSDomainFromFQDN(fqdn string) string {
+	for i := 0; i < len(fqdn); i++ {
+		if fqdn[i] == '.' && i+1 < len(fqdn) {
+			return fqdn[i+1:]
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// updateNetbirdConfig applies the management-provided NetBird configuration:
+// STUN/TURN and relay servers, flow logging and DNS settings. A nil config is a no-op,
+// which is the case for sync updates carrying only a network map.
+func (e *Engine) updateNetbirdConfig(wCfg *mgmProto.NetbirdConfig) error {
+	if wCfg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := e.updateTURNs(wCfg.GetTurns()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update TURNs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := e.updateSTUNs(wCfg.GetStuns()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update STUNs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var stunTurn []*stun.URI
+	stunTurn = append(stunTurn, e.STUNs...)
+	stunTurn = append(stunTurn, e.TURNs...)
+	e.stunTurn.Store(stunTurn)
+
+	if err := e.handleRelayUpdate(wCfg.GetRelay()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := e.handleFlowUpdate(wCfg.GetFlow()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("handle the flow configuration: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	e.handleMetricsUpdate(wCfg.GetMetrics())
+
+	if err := e.PopulateNetbirdConfig(wCfg, nil); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to update DNS server config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// todo update signal
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// persistSyncResponse stores the full sync response so it can be restored on the next
+// startup. Persistence is enabled only when syncStore is set. The dedicated syncRespMux
+// (not syncMsgMux) is held for the whole Set so the store cannot be cleared (disabled /
+// engine close) mid-call and have this write resurrect a file that was just removed.
+func (e *Engine) persistSyncResponse(update *mgmProto.SyncResponse) {
+	e.syncRespMux.RLock()
+	defer e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
+
+	if e.syncStore == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := e.syncStore.Set(update); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to persist sync response: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("sync response persisted with serial %d", update.GetNetworkMap().GetSerial())
+}
+
 func (e *Engine) handleRelayUpdate(update *mgmProto.RelayConfig) error {
 	if update != nil {
 		// when we receive token we expect valid address list too
@@ -944,7 +1184,12 @@ func (e *Engine) handleRelayUpdate(update *mgmProto.RelayConfig) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("update relay token: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		e.relayManager.UpdateServerURLs(update.Urls)
+		urls := update.Urls
+		if override, ok := peer.OverrideRelayURLs(); ok {
+			log.Infof("overriding relay URLs from %s: %v", peer.EnvKeyNBHomeRelayServers, override)
+			urls = override
+		}
+		e.relayManager.UpdateServerURLs(urls)
 
 		// Just in case the agent started with an MGM server where the relay was disabled but was later enabled.
 		// We can ignore all errors because the guard will manage the reconnection retries.
@@ -968,6 +1213,14 @@ func (e *Engine) handleFlowUpdate(config *mgmProto.FlowConfig) error {
 	return e.flowManager.Update(flowConfig)
 }
 
+func (e *Engine) handleMetricsUpdate(config *mgmProto.MetricsConfig) {
+	if config == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	log.Infof("received metrics configuration from management: enabled=%v", config.GetEnabled())
+	e.clientMetrics.UpdatePushFromMgm(e.metricsCtx, config.GetEnabled())
+}
+
 func toFlowLoggerConfig(config *mgmProto.FlowConfig) (*nftypes.FlowConfig, error) {
 	if config.GetInterval() == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("flow interval is nil")
@@ -990,13 +1243,23 @@ func (e *Engine) updateChecksIfNew(checks []*mgmProto.Checks) error {
 	if isChecksEqual(e.checks, checks) {
 		return nil
 	}
-	e.checks = checks
-
-	info, err := system.GetInfoWithChecks(e.ctx, checks)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to get system info with checks: %v", err)
-		info = system.GetInfo(e.ctx)
+	info, ok := e.infoSource.Refresh(e.ctx, systemInfoTimeout, checks, e.overlayAddresses()...)
+	if !ok {
+		// Gathering timed out; skip the meta sync this cycle rather than blocking the
+		// sync loop (and syncMsgMux) on a stuck system call. A later sync will retry.
+		return nil
 	}
+	e.applyInfoFlags(info)
+
+	if err := e.mgmClient.SyncMeta(info); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not sync meta: error %s", err)
+	}
+	e.checks = checks
+	return nil
+}
+
+// applyInfoFlags sets the engine's config-derived feature flags on the gathered system info.
+func (e *Engine) applyInfoFlags(info *system.Info) {
 	info.SetFlags(
 		e.config.RosenpassEnabled,
 		e.config.RosenpassPermissive,
@@ -1007,19 +1270,51 @@ func (e *Engine) updateChecksIfNew(checks []*mgmProto.Checks) error {
 		e.config.DisableFirewall,
 		e.config.BlockLANAccess,
 		e.config.BlockInbound,
-		e.config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		e.config.DisableIPv6,
+		e.config.SyncMessageVersion,
 		e.config.EnableSSHRoot,
 		e.config.EnableSSHSFTP,
 		e.config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
 		e.config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
 		e.config.DisableSSHAuth,
+		&e.config.RemoteJobsAllowed,
 	)
+}
 
-	if err := e.mgmClient.SyncMeta(info); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("could not sync meta: error %s", err)
-		return err
+func (e *Engine) currentSystemInfo(ctx context.Context) *system.Info {
+	info := e.infoSource.Current(ctx, e.overlayAddresses()...)
+	e.applyInfoFlags(info)
+	return info
+}
+
+// syncInfoFunc returns the info callback for the management sync stream. The
+// first connect sends the info refreshed right before it instead of gathering
+// again; every reconnect gathers a fresh one. The stream retry loop calls the
+// callback sequentially, so the handoff needs no synchronization.
+func (e *Engine) syncInfoFunc(refreshed *system.Info) func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info {
+		if refreshed == nil {
+			return e.currentSystemInfo(ctx)
+		}
+		info := refreshed
+		refreshed = nil
+		e.applyInfoFlags(info)
+		return info
 	}
-	return nil
+}
+
+// overlayAddresses returns our own WireGuard overlay address (v4 and v6) so it
+// can be excluded from the reported network addresses; the interface coming and
+// going otherwise churns the peer meta on the management server.
+func (e *Engine) overlayAddresses() []netip.Addr {
+	var ips []netip.Addr
+	if e.config.WgAddr.IP.IsValid() {
+		ips = append(ips, e.config.WgAddr.IP)
+	}
+	if e.config.WgAddr.HasIPv6() {
+		ips = append(ips, e.config.WgAddr.IPv6)
+	}
+	return ips
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) updateConfig(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) error {
@@ -1034,6 +1329,13 @@ func (e *Engine) updateConfig(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) error {
 		return ErrResetConnection
 	}
 
+	if !e.config.DisableIPv6 && e.hasIPv6Changed(conf) {
+		log.Infof("peer IPv6 address changed, restarting client")
+		_ = CtxGetState(e.ctx).Wrap(ErrResetConnection)
+		e.clientCancel()
+		return ErrResetConnection
+	}
+
 	if conf.GetSshConfig() != nil {
 		if err := e.updateSSH(conf.GetSshConfig()); err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed handling SSH server setup: %v", err)
@@ -1042,14 +1344,38 @@ func (e *Engine) updateConfig(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) error {
 
 	state := e.statusRecorder.GetLocalPeerState()
 	state.IP = e.wgInterface.Address().String()
+	state.IPv6 = e.wgInterface.Address().IPv6String()
 	state.PubKey = e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String()
 	state.KernelInterface = !e.wgInterface.IsUserspaceBind()
 	state.FQDN = conf.GetFqdn()
+	state.WgPort = e.config.WgPort
 
 	e.statusRecorder.UpdateLocalPeerState(state)
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// hasIPv6Changed reports whether the IPv6 overlay address in the peer config
+// differs from the configured address (added, removed, or changed).
+// Compares against e.config.WgAddr (not the interface address, which may have
+// been cleared by ClearIPv6 if OS assignment failed).
+func (e *Engine) hasIPv6Changed(conf *mgmProto.PeerConfig) bool {
+	current := e.config.WgAddr
+	raw := conf.GetAddressV6()
+
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return current.HasIPv6()
+	}
+
+	prefix, err := netiputil.DecodePrefix(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("decode v6 overlay address: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return !current.HasIPv6() || current.IPv6 != prefix.Addr() || current.IPv6Net != prefix.Masked()
+}
+
 func (e *Engine) receiveJobEvents() {
 	e.jobExecutorWG.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -1059,6 +1385,13 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveJobEvents() {
 				ID:     msg.ID,
 				Status: mgmProto.JobStatus_failed,
 			}
+			// Remote jobs are an explicit opt-in. When not enabled on this
+			// peer, every job is refused before any work is done.
+			if !e.config.RemoteJobsAllowed {
+				log.Warnf("refusing remote job: remote jobs are not enabled on this peer (enable with --allow-remote-jobs)")
+				resp.Reason = []byte("remote jobs are not enabled on this peer")
+				return &resp
+			}
 			switch params := msg.WorkloadParameters.(type) {
 			case *mgmProto.JobRequest_Bundle:
 				bundleResult, err := e.handleBundle(params.Bundle)
@@ -1088,7 +1421,25 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveJobEvents() {
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) handleBundle(params *mgmProto.BundleParameters) (*mgmProto.JobResponse_Bundle, error) {
-	log.Infof("handle remote debug bundle request: %s", params.String())
+	// The upload URL can carry a host, credentials, or query tokens, so it is
+	// kept out of the info-level line; the full parameters stay available at
+	// debug level for troubleshooting.
+	log.Infof("handle remote debug bundle request: anonymize=%v anonymize_level=%q log_file_count=%d bundle_for=%v bundle_for_time=%d",
+		params.GetAnonymize(), params.GetAnonymizeLevel(), params.GetLogFileCount(), params.GetBundleFor(), params.GetBundleForTime())
+	log.Debugf("remote debug bundle request parameters: %s", params.String())
+
+	// Resolve the upload destination: an MDM override, when set, takes
+	// precedence over the management-supplied URL. Both are validated the same
+	// way; an empty result falls back to the default upload server downstream.
+	uploadURL := params.GetUploadUrl()
+	if override := e.config.ProfileConfig.DebugBundleUploadURL; override != "" {
+		log.Infof("using MDM debug bundle upload URL override instead of the management-supplied value")
+		uploadURL = override
+	}
+	if err := validateBundleUploadURL(uploadURL); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	syncResponse, err := e.GetLatestSyncResponse()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("get latest sync response: %v", err)
@@ -1101,20 +1452,22 @@ func (e *Engine) handleBundle(params *mgmProto.BundleParameters) (*mgmProto.JobR
 		LogPath:        e.config.LogPath,
 		TempDir:        e.config.TempDir,
 		ClientMetrics:  e.clientMetrics,
+		DaemonVersion:  version.NetbirdVersion(),
 		RefreshStatus: func() {
-			e.RunHealthProbes(true)
+			e.RunHealthProbes(e.ctx, true)
 		},
 	}
 
 	bundleJobParams := debug.BundleConfig{
 		Anonymize:         params.Anonymize,
+		AnonymizeLevel:    anonymize.ParseLevel(params.AnonymizeLevel),
 		IncludeSystemInfo: true,
 		LogFileCount:      uint32(params.LogFileCount),
 	}
 
 	waitFor := time.Duration(params.BundleForTime) * time.Minute
 
-	uploadKey, err := e.jobExecutor.BundleJob(e.ctx, bundleDeps, bundleJobParams, waitFor, e.config.ProfileConfig.ManagementURL.String())
+	uploadKey, err := e.jobExecutor.BundleJob(e.ctx, bundleDeps, bundleJobParams, waitFor, e.config.ProfileConfig.ManagementURL.String(), uploadURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1127,36 +1480,27 @@ func (e *Engine) handleBundle(params *mgmProto.BundleParameters) (*mgmProto.JobR
 	return response, nil
 }
 
+// validateBundleUploadURL sanity-checks a management-supplied upload URL for a
+// remote debug bundle job. It delegates to profilemanager.ValidateBundleUploadURL
+// so the executor and the MDM policy override share one definition of the rule
+// (empty accepted; otherwise a well-formed https URL with a host) and cannot
+// drift. The host is deliberately left unconstrained pending a decision on
+// management-directed uploads.
+func validateBundleUploadURL(raw string) error {
+	return profilemanager.ValidateBundleUploadURL(raw)
+}
+
 // receiveManagementEvents connects to the Management Service event stream to receive updates from the management service
 // E.g. when a new peer has been registered and we are allowed to connect to it.
 func (e *Engine) receiveManagementEvents() {
 	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
 		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
-		info, err := system.GetInfoWithChecks(e.ctx, e.checks)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to get system info with checks: %v", err)
-			info = system.GetInfo(e.ctx)
+		info, ok := e.infoSource.Refresh(e.ctx, systemInfoTimeout, e.checks, e.overlayAddresses()...)
+		if !ok {
+			log.Warnf("posture checks not refreshed before the sync connect, sending the previous results")
 		}
-		info.SetFlags(
-			e.config.RosenpassEnabled,
-			e.config.RosenpassPermissive,
-			&e.config.ServerSSHAllowed,
-			e.config.DisableClientRoutes,
-			e.config.DisableServerRoutes,
-			e.config.DisableDNS,
-			e.config.DisableFirewall,
-			e.config.BlockLANAccess,
-			e.config.BlockInbound,
-			e.config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
-			e.config.EnableSSHRoot,
-			e.config.EnableSSHSFTP,
-			e.config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
-			e.config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
-			e.config.DisableSSHAuth,
-		)
-
-		err = e.mgmClient.Sync(e.ctx, info, e.handleSync)
+		err := e.mgmClient.Sync(e.ctx, e.syncInfoFunc(info), e.handleSync)
 		if err != nil {
 			// happens if management is unavailable for a long time.
 			// We want to cancel the operation of the whole client
@@ -1222,8 +1566,12 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if err := e.connMgr.UpdatedRemoteFeatureFlag(e.ctx, networkMap.GetPeerConfig().GetLazyConnectionEnabled()); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update lazy connection feature flag: %v", err)
+	// Only update the flag when the sync carries a peer config; a nil peer config
+	// (e.g. a partial update) must not reset the cached flag to false.
+	if peerConfig := networkMap.GetPeerConfig(); peerConfig != nil {
+		if err := e.connMgr.UpdatedRemoteFeatureFlag(e.ctx, peerConfig.GetLazyConnectionEnabled()); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to update lazy connection feature flag: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if e.firewall != nil {
@@ -1247,15 +1595,18 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 		protoDNSConfig = &mgmProto.DNSConfig{}
 	}
 
-	dnsConfig := toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig, e.wgInterface.Address().Network)
+	dnsConfig := toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig, e.wgInterface.Address())
 
+	done := e.phase("dns_server")
 	if err := e.dnsServer.UpdateDNSServer(serial, dnsConfig); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update dns server, err: %v", err)
 	}
+	done()
 
 	e.routeManager.SetDNSForwarderPort(dnsConfig.ForwarderPort)
 
 	// apply routes first, route related actions might depend on routing being enabled
+	done = e.phase("routes_classify")
 	routes := toRoutes(networkMap.GetRoutes())
 	serverRoutes, clientRoutes := e.routeManager.ClassifyRoutes(routes)
 
@@ -1264,29 +1615,58 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 		e.connMgr.UpdateRouteHAMap(clientRoutes)
 		log.Debugf("updated lazy connection manager with %d HA groups", len(clientRoutes))
 	}
+	done()
 
+	done = e.phase("routes_apply")
 	dnsRouteFeatureFlag := toDNSFeatureFlag(networkMap)
 	if err := e.routeManager.UpdateRoutes(serial, serverRoutes, clientRoutes, dnsRouteFeatureFlag); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update routes: %v", err)
 	}
+	done()
 
+	done = e.phase("filtering")
 	if e.acl != nil {
 		e.acl.ApplyFiltering(networkMap, dnsRouteFeatureFlag)
 	}
+	done()
 
+	done = e.phase("dns_forwarder")
 	fwdEntries := toRouteDomains(e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String(), routes)
 	e.updateDNSForwarder(dnsRouteFeatureFlag, fwdEntries)
+	done()
 
 	// Ingress forward rules
-	forwardingRules, err := e.updateForwardRules(networkMap.GetForwardingRules())
-	if err != nil {
+	done = e.phase("forward_rules")
+	if _, err := e.updateForwardRules(networkMap.GetForwardingRules()); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update forward rules, err: %v", err)
 	}
+	done()
 
 	log.Debugf("got peers update from Management Service, total peers to connect to = %d", len(networkMap.GetRemotePeers()))
 
+	done = e.phase("offline_peers")
 	e.updateOfflinePeers(networkMap.GetOfflinePeers())
+	done()
 
+	remotePeers, err := e.reconcilePeers(networkMap)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// must set the exclude list after the peers are added. Without it the manager can not figure out the peers parameters from the store
+	done = e.phase("lazy_exclude")
+	e.connMgr.SetExcludeList(e.ctx, e.toExcludedLazyPeers(remotePeers))
+	done()
+
+	e.networkSerial = serial
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// reconcilePeers applies the remote peer list from the network map (removing,
+// modifying and adding peers, then updating SSH config) and returns the remote
+// peers with our own peer filtered out, for use by later sync steps.
+func (e *Engine) reconcilePeers(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) ([]*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig, error) {
 	// Filter out own peer from the remote peers list
 	localPubKey := e.config.WgPrivateKey.PublicKey().String()
 	remotePeers := make([]*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig, 0, len(networkMap.GetRemotePeers()))
@@ -1301,45 +1681,43 @@ func (e *Engine) updateNetworkMap(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) error {
 		err := e.removeAllPeers()
 		e.statusRecorder.FinishPeerListModifications()
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return nil, err
 		}
-	} else {
-		err := e.removePeers(remotePeers)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		err = e.modifyPeers(remotePeers)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		err = e.addNewPeers(remotePeers)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		e.statusRecorder.FinishPeerListModifications()
-
-		e.updatePeerSSHHostKeys(remotePeers)
-
-		if err := e.updateSSHClientConfig(remotePeers); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to update SSH client config: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		e.updateSSHServerAuth(networkMap.GetSshAuth())
+		return remotePeers, nil
 	}
 
-	// must set the exclude list after the peers are added. Without it the manager can not figure out the peers parameters from the store
-	excludedLazyPeers := e.toExcludedLazyPeers(forwardingRules, remotePeers)
-	e.connMgr.SetExcludeList(e.ctx, excludedLazyPeers)
+	done := e.phase("removed_peers")
+	err := e.removePeers(remotePeers)
+	done()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
-	e.networkSerial = serial
+	done = e.phase("modified_peers")
+	err = e.modifyPeers(remotePeers)
+	done()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
-	// Test received (upstream) servers for availability right away instead of upon usage.
-	// If no server of a server group responds this will disable the respective handler and retry later.
-	go e.dnsServer.ProbeAvailability()
-	return nil
+	done = e.phase("added_peers")
+	err = e.addNewPeers(remotePeers)
+	done()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	e.statusRecorder.FinishPeerListModifications()
+
+	e.updatePeerSSHHostKeys(remotePeers)
+
+	if err := e.updateSSHClientConfig(remotePeers); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to update SSH client config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	e.updateSSHServerAuth(networkMap.GetSshAuth())
+
+	return remotePeers, nil
 }
 
 func toDNSFeatureFlag(networkMap *mgmProto.NetworkMap) bool {
@@ -1402,7 +1780,9 @@ func toRouteDomains(myPubKey string, routes []*route.Route) []*dnsfwd.ForwarderE
 	return entries
 }
 
-func toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig *mgmProto.DNSConfig, network netip.Prefix) nbdns.Config {
+func toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig *mgmProto.DNSConfig, addr wgaddr.Address) nbdns.Config {
+	network := addr.Network
+	networkV6 := addr.IPv6Net
 	//nolint
 	forwarderPort := uint16(protoDNSConfig.GetForwarderPort())
 	if forwarderPort == 0 {
@@ -1459,6 +1839,9 @@ func toDNSConfig(protoDNSConfig *mgmProto.DNSConfig, network netip.Prefix) nbdns
 
 	if len(dnsUpdate.CustomZones) > 0 {
 		addReverseZone(&dnsUpdate, network)
+		if networkV6.IsValid() {
+			addReverseZone(&dnsUpdate, networkV6)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return dnsUpdate
@@ -1468,8 +1851,10 @@ func (e *Engine) updateOfflinePeers(offlinePeers []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) {
 	replacement := make([]peer.State, len(offlinePeers))
 	for i, offlinePeer := range offlinePeers {
 		log.Debugf("added offline peer %s", offlinePeer.Fqdn)
+		v4, v6 := overlayAddrsFromAllowedIPs(offlinePeer.GetAllowedIps(), e.wgInterface.Address().IPv6Net)
 		replacement[i] = peer.State{
-			IP:               strings.Join(offlinePeer.GetAllowedIps(), ","),
+			IP:               addrToString(v4),
+			IPv6:             addrToString(v6),
 			PubKey:           offlinePeer.GetWgPubKey(),
 			FQDN:             offlinePeer.GetFqdn(),
 			ConnStatus:       peer.StatusIdle,
@@ -1480,18 +1865,49 @@ func (e *Engine) updateOfflinePeers(offlinePeers []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) {
 	e.statusRecorder.ReplaceOfflinePeers(replacement)
 }
 
+// overlayAddrsFromAllowedIPs extracts the peer's v4 and v6 overlay addresses
+// from AllowedIPs strings. Only host routes (/32, /128) are considered; v6 must
+// fall within ourV6Net to distinguish overlay addresses from routed prefixes.
+func overlayAddrsFromAllowedIPs(allowedIPs []string, ourV6Net netip.Prefix) (v4, v6 netip.Addr) {
+	for _, cidr := range allowedIPs {
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(cidr)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to parse AllowedIP %q: %v", cidr, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		addr := prefix.Addr().Unmap()
+		switch {
+		case addr.Is4() && prefix.Bits() == 32 && !v4.IsValid():
+			v4 = addr
+		case addr.Is6() && prefix.Bits() == 128 && ourV6Net.Contains(addr) && !v6.IsValid():
+			v6 = addr
+		}
+		if v4.IsValid() && v6.IsValid() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func addrToString(addr netip.Addr) string {
+	if !addr.IsValid() {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return addr.String()
+}
+
 // addNewPeers adds peers that were not know before but arrived from the Management service with the update
 func (e *Engine) addNewPeers(peersUpdate []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) error {
 	for _, p := range peersUpdate {
-		err := e.addNewPeer(p)
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := e.addNewPeer(p); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// addNewPeer add peer if connection doesn't exist
+// addNewPeer add peer if connection doesn't exist. A peer that is not lazy by
+// policy gets an always-active connection instead.
 func (e *Engine) addNewPeer(peerConfig *mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) error {
 	peerKey := peerConfig.GetWgPubKey()
 	peerIPs := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(peerConfig.GetAllowedIps()))
@@ -1505,20 +1921,29 @@ func (e *Engine) addNewPeer(peerConfig *mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) error {
 			log.Errorf("failed to parse allowedIPS: %v", err)
 			return err
 		}
+		if allowedNetIP.Addr().Is6() && !e.wgInterface.Address().HasIPv6() {
+			continue
+		}
 		peerIPs = append(peerIPs, allowedNetIP)
 	}
 
+	if len(peerIPs) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("peer %s has no usable AllowedIPs", peerKey)
+	}
+
 	conn, err := e.createPeerConn(peerKey, peerIPs, peerConfig.AgentVersion)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create peer connection: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = e.statusRecorder.AddPeer(peerKey, peerConfig.Fqdn, peerIPs[0].Addr().String())
+	peerV4, peerV6 := overlayAddrsFromAllowedIPs(peerConfig.GetAllowedIps(), e.wgInterface.Address().IPv6Net)
+	err = e.statusRecorder.AddPeer(peerKey, peerConfig.Fqdn, addrToString(peerV4), addrToString(peerV6))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("error adding peer %s to status recorder, got error: %v", peerKey, err)
 	}
 
-	if exists := e.connMgr.AddPeerConn(e.ctx, peerKey, conn); exists {
+	permanent := !e.connMgr.PeerLazyDefault(peerConfig.GetLazyState())
+	if exists := e.connMgr.AddPeerConn(e.ctx, peerKey, conn, permanent); exists {
 		conn.Close(false)
 		return fmt.Errorf("peer already exists: %s", peerKey)
 	}
@@ -1552,6 +1977,7 @@ func (e *Engine) createPeerConn(pubKey string, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix, agentV
 			PermissiveMode: e.config.RosenpassPermissive,
 		},
 		ICEConfig: e.createICEConfig(),
+		NetMgr:    e.netMgr,
 	}
 
 	serviceDependencies := peer.ServiceDependencies{
@@ -1578,7 +2004,7 @@ func (e *Engine) createPeerConn(pubKey string, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix, agentV
 }
 
 // receiveSignalEvents connects to the Signal Service event stream to negotiate connection with remote peers
-func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
+func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() error {
 	e.shutdownWg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
 		defer e.shutdownWg.Done()
@@ -1594,6 +2020,13 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
 				return e.ctx.Err()
 			}
 
+			// Self-addressed heartbeat: the signal client's receive watchdog
+			// round-trips this through the server to confirm the receive stream
+			// is delivering. Liveness is already recorded before this handler.
+			if msg.GetBody().GetType() == sProto.Body_HEARTBEAT {
+				return nil
+			}
+
 			conn, ok := e.peerStore.PeerConn(msg.Key)
 			if !ok {
 				return fmt.Errorf("wrongly addressed message %s", msg.Key)
@@ -1642,7 +2075,12 @@ func (e *Engine) receiveSignalEvents() {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	e.signal.WaitStreamConnected()
+	// todo: consider to remove this blocker. I do not see benefit to block the Start operations
+	e.signal.WaitStreamConnected(e.ctx)
+	if err := e.ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wait for signal stream: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) parseNATExternalIPMappings() []string {
@@ -1698,6 +2136,11 @@ func (e *Engine) parseNATExternalIPMappings() []string {
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) close() {
+	if e.afpacketCapture != nil {
+		e.afpacketCapture.Stop()
+		e.afpacketCapture = nil
+	}
+
 	log.Debugf("removing Netbird interface %s", e.config.WgIfaceName)
 
 	if e.wgInterface != nil {
@@ -1724,41 +2167,18 @@ func (e *Engine) close() {
 	if err := e.portForwardManager.GracefullyStop(ctx); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("failed to gracefully stop port forwarding manager: %s", err)
 	}
-}
 
-func (e *Engine) readInitialSettings() ([]*route.Route, *nbdns.Config, bool, error) {
-	if runtime.GOOS != "android" {
-		// nolint:nilnil
-		return nil, nil, false, nil
+	// Drop any persisted sync response so its network map does not linger on
+	// disk after the engine stops (and cannot leak into a later run).
+	e.syncRespMux.Lock()
+	store := e.syncStore
+	e.syncStore = nil
+	e.syncRespMux.Unlock()
+	if store != nil {
+		if err := store.Clear(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to clear persisted sync response on close: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
-
-	info := system.GetInfo(e.ctx)
-	info.SetFlags(
-		e.config.RosenpassEnabled,
-		e.config.RosenpassPermissive,
-		&e.config.ServerSSHAllowed,
-		e.config.DisableClientRoutes,
-		e.config.DisableServerRoutes,
-		e.config.DisableDNS,
-		e.config.DisableFirewall,
-		e.config.BlockLANAccess,
-		e.config.BlockInbound,
-		e.config.LazyConnectionEnabled,
-		e.config.EnableSSHRoot,
-		e.config.EnableSSHSFTP,
-		e.config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
-		e.config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
-		e.config.DisableSSHAuth,
-	)
-
-	netMap, err := e.mgmClient.GetNetworkMap(info)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, false, err
-	}
-	routes := toRoutes(netMap.GetRoutes())
-	dnsCfg := toDNSConfig(netMap.GetDNSConfig(), e.wgInterface.Address().Network)
-	dnsFeatureFlag := toDNSFeatureFlag(netMap)
-	return routes, &dnsCfg, dnsFeatureFlag, nil
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) newWgIface() (*iface.WGIface, error) {
@@ -1774,7 +2194,6 @@ func (e *Engine) newWgIface() (*iface.WGIface, error) {
 		WGPrivKey:    e.config.WgPrivateKey.String(),
 		MTU:          e.config.MTU,
 		TransportNet: transportNet,
-		FilterFn:     e.addrViaRoutes,
 		DisableDNS:   e.config.DisableDNS,
 	}
 
@@ -1796,9 +2215,12 @@ func (e *Engine) newWgIface() (*iface.WGIface, error) {
 func (e *Engine) wgInterfaceCreate() (err error) {
 	switch runtime.GOOS {
 	case "android":
-		err = e.wgInterface.CreateOnAndroid(e.routeManager.InitialRouteRange(), e.dnsServer.DnsIP().String(), e.dnsServer.SearchDomains())
+		err = e.wgInterface.CreateOnAndroid(e.routeManager.CurrentRouteRange(), e.dnsServer.DnsIP().String(), e.dnsServer.SearchDomains())
 	case "ios":
-		e.mobileDep.NetworkChangeListener.SetInterfaceIP(e.config.WgAddr)
+		e.mobileDep.NetworkChangeListener.SetInterfaceIP(e.config.WgAddr.String())
+		if e.config.WgAddr.HasIPv6() {
+			e.mobileDep.NetworkChangeListener.SetInterfaceIPv6(e.config.WgAddr.IPv6String())
+		}
 		err = e.wgInterface.Create()
 	default:
 		err = e.wgInterface.Create()
@@ -1806,7 +2228,7 @@ func (e *Engine) wgInterfaceCreate() (err error) {
 	return err
 }
 
-func (e *Engine) newDnsServer(dnsConfig *nbdns.Config) (dns.Server, error) {
+func (e *Engine) newDnsServer() (dns.Server, error) {
 	// due to tests where we are using a mocked version of the DNS server
 	if e.dnsServer != nil {
 		return e.dnsServer, nil
@@ -1818,7 +2240,7 @@ func (e *Engine) newDnsServer(dnsConfig *nbdns.Config) (dns.Server, error) {
 			e.ctx,
 			e.wgInterface,
 			e.mobileDep.HostDNSAddresses,
-			*dnsConfig,
+			nbdns.Config{},
 			e.mobileDep.NetworkChangeListener,
 			e.statusRecorder,
 			e.config.DisableDNS,
@@ -1827,7 +2249,7 @@ func (e *Engine) newDnsServer(dnsConfig *nbdns.Config) (dns.Server, error) {
 		return dnsServer, nil
 
 	case "ios":
-		dnsServer := dns.NewDefaultServerIos(e.ctx, e.wgInterface, e.mobileDep.DnsManager, e.mobileDep.HostDNSAddresses, e.statusRecorder, e.config.DisableDNS)
+		dnsServer := dns.NewDefaultServerIos(e.ctx, e.wgInterface, e.mobileDep.DnsManager, e.statusRecorder, e.config.DisableDNS)
 		return dnsServer, nil
 
 	default:
@@ -1874,6 +2296,29 @@ func (e *Engine) GetClientMetrics() *metrics.ClientMetrics {
 	return e.clientMetrics
 }
 
+// Performance bundles runtime-adjustable tunnel pool knobs.
+// See Engine.SetPerformance. Nil fields are ignored.
+type Performance struct {
+	PreallocatedBuffersPerPool *uint32
+}
+
+// SetPerformance applies the given tuning to this engine's live Device.
+func (e *Engine) SetPerformance(t Performance) error {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+	if e.wgInterface == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wg interface not initialized")
+	}
+	dev := e.wgInterface.GetWGDevice()
+	if dev == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wg device not initialized")
+	}
+	if t.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool != nil {
+		dev.SetPreallocatedBuffersPerPool(*t.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func findIPFromInterfaceName(ifaceName string) (net.IP, error) {
 	iface, err := net.InterfaceByName(ifaceName)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1911,7 +2356,20 @@ func (e *Engine) getRosenpassAddr() string {
 
 // RunHealthProbes executes health checks for Signal, Management, Relay, and WireGuard services
 // and updates the status recorder with the latest states.
-func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes(waitForResult bool) bool {
+//
+// ctx scopes the (potentially slow) STUN/TURN probing: a caller that gives up —
+// e.g. a Status RPC whose client disconnected — cancels its ctx and the probe
+// returns instead of running to its per-component timeout. The engine's own
+// lifetime ctx still applies independently, so an engine shutdown aborts the
+// probe even if the caller's ctx is context.Background().
+func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes(ctx context.Context, waitForResult bool) bool {
+	// Tie the caller's ctx to the engine lifetime: either cancelling aborts
+	// the probe below.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+	stop := context.AfterFunc(e.ctx, cancel)
+	defer stop()
+
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 
 	signalHealthy := e.signal.IsHealthy()
@@ -1934,9 +2392,9 @@ func (e *Engine) RunHealthProbes(waitForResult bool) bool {
 	if runtime.GOOS != "js" {
 		var results []relay.ProbeResult
 		if waitForResult {
-			results = e.probeStunTurn.ProbeAllWaitResult(e.ctx, stuns, turns)
+			results = e.probeStunTurn.ProbeAllWaitResult(ctx, stuns, turns)
 		} else {
-			results = e.probeStunTurn.ProbeAll(e.ctx, stuns, turns)
+			results = e.probeStunTurn.ProbeAll(ctx, stuns, turns)
 		}
 		e.statusRecorder.UpdateRelayStates(results)
 
@@ -1996,21 +2454,6 @@ func (e *Engine) startNetworkMonitor() {
 	}()
 }
 
-func (e *Engine) addrViaRoutes(addr netip.Addr) (bool, netip.Prefix, error) {
-	var vpnRoutes []netip.Prefix
-	for _, routes := range e.routeManager.GetClientRoutes() {
-		if len(routes) > 0 && routes[0] != nil {
-			vpnRoutes = append(vpnRoutes, routes[0].Network)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if isVpn, prefix := systemops.IsAddrRouted(addr, vpnRoutes); isVpn {
-		return true, prefix, nil
-	}
-
-	return false, netip.Prefix{}, nil
-}
-
 func (e *Engine) stopDNSServer() {
 	if e.dnsServer == nil {
 		return
@@ -2026,45 +2469,42 @@ func (e *Engine) stopDNSServer() {
 	e.statusRecorder.UpdateDNSStates(nsGroupStates)
 }
 
-// SetSyncResponsePersistence enables or disables sync response persistence
+// SetSyncResponsePersistence enables or disables sync response persistence.
+// The store is only instantiated while persistence is enabled; construction
+// itself drops any stale data left over from an earlier run (see syncstore).
 func (e *Engine) SetSyncResponsePersistence(enabled bool) {
 	e.syncRespMux.Lock()
 	defer e.syncRespMux.Unlock()
 
-	if enabled == e.persistSyncResponse {
+	if enabled == (e.syncStore != nil) {
 		return
 	}
-	e.persistSyncResponse = enabled
 	log.Debugf("Sync response persistence is set to %t", enabled)
 
 	if !enabled {
-		e.latestSyncResponse = nil
+		if err := e.syncStore.Clear(); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to clear persisted sync response: %v", err)
+		}
+		e.syncStore = nil
+		return
 	}
+
+	e.syncStore = syncstore.New(e.syncStoreDir)
 }
 
 // GetLatestSyncResponse returns the stored sync response if persistence is enabled
 func (e *Engine) GetLatestSyncResponse() (*mgmProto.SyncResponse, error) {
+	// Hold the lock for the whole Get so the store cannot be cleared
+	// (disabled / engine close) mid-call.
 	e.syncRespMux.RLock()
-	enabled := e.persistSyncResponse
-	latest := e.latestSyncResponse
-	e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
+	defer e.syncRespMux.RUnlock()
 
-	if !enabled {
+	if e.syncStore == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("sync response persistence is disabled")
 	}
 
-	if latest == nil {
-		//nolint:nilnil
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Retrieving latest sync response with size %d bytes", proto.Size(latest))
-	sr, ok := proto.Clone(latest).(*mgmProto.SyncResponse)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to clone sync response")
-	}
-
-	return sr, nil
+	//nolint:nilnil
+	return e.syncStore.Get()
 }
 
 // GetWgAddr returns the wireguard address
@@ -2075,6 +2515,14 @@ func (e *Engine) GetWgAddr() netip.Addr {
 	return e.wgInterface.Address().IP
 }
 
+// GetWgV6Addr returns the IPv6 overlay address of the WireGuard interface.
+func (e *Engine) GetWgV6Addr() netip.Addr {
+	if e.wgInterface == nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+	return e.wgInterface.Address().IPv6
+}
+
 func (e *Engine) RenewTun(fd int) error {
 	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
 	wgInterface := e.wgInterface
@@ -2084,7 +2532,72 @@ func (e *Engine) RenewTun(fd int) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("wireguard interface not initialized")
 	}
 
-	return wgInterface.RenewTun(fd)
+	if err := wgInterface.RenewTun(fd); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	e.rebindOverlayListeners()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// rebindOverlayListeners gives the servers that listen on an overlay address
+// sockets on the interface as it is now.
+//
+// A socket belongs to the interface generation it was created on. Renewing the
+// TUN builds a new interface and moves the overlay addresses to it, which
+// leaves the old sockets in LISTEN with the uspfilter still logging packets
+// arriving for them, while every accept fails with EINVAL for the life of the
+// socket: from the outside the server looks alive and answers nothing. On
+// Android this happens during a normal startup, where the first TUN is
+// established before the routes are known and replaced once they arrive.
+//
+// Rebinding costs whatever those sockets were carrying, which the renewal has
+// already broken. Errors are logged rather than returned: the renewal itself
+// succeeded, and failing it would hand the caller a working interface and an
+// error.
+func (e *Engine) rebindOverlayListeners() {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+
+	for _, rebind := range e.overlayRebinds() {
+		if err := rebind(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("after TUN renewal: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// overlayRebinds is every subsystem of this engine that holds sockets bound to
+// an overlay address, and how to rebuild each one's.
+//
+// A subsystem that starts listening on an overlay address belongs in this list.
+// Leaving it out costs nothing that review would notice and produces a listener
+// that stays in LISTEN, is logged as receiving packets, and refuses every
+// connection for the life of the process.
+func (e *Engine) overlayRebinds() []overlayRebind {
+	return []overlayRebind{
+		e.restartSSHListeners,
+		e.restartDNSForwarder,
+	}
+}
+
+// restartDNSForwarder rebuilds the DNS forwarder serving the same domains.
+// No-op when it is not running. See Engine.rebindOverlayListeners.
+func (e *Engine) restartDNSForwarder() error {
+	if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Read from the forwarder before it goes away, so the replacement serves
+	// the domains in force now rather than a copy kept somewhere else.
+	entries := e.dnsForwardMgr.Domains()
+	e.stopDNSForwarder()
+	// Both halves log their own failures, so the only thing left to report is
+	// the outcome: a start that failed left the manager nil, and the forwarder
+	// is now down rather than merely rebound.
+	e.startDNSForwarder(entries)
+	if e.dnsForwardMgr == nil {
+		return errors.New("rebind DNS forwarder: it did not come back up")
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // updateDNSForwarder start or stop the DNS forwarder based on the domains and the feature flag
@@ -2092,7 +2605,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateDNSForwarder(
 	enabled bool,
 	fwdEntries []*dnsfwd.ForwarderEntry,
 ) {
-	if e.config.DisableServerRoutes {
+	if e.config.DisableServerRoutes || e.config.BlockInbound {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -2130,7 +2643,14 @@ func (e *Engine) stopDNSForwarder() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(context.Background()); err != nil {
+	// Bounded because the shutdown waits for queries still in flight, and one
+	// waiting on an unresponsive upstream holds it for as long as that lookup
+	// is allowed to take. This runs with syncMsgMux held, so that wait is one
+	// the whole engine spends.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), dnsForwarderStopTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := e.dnsForwardMgr.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to stop DNS forward: %v", err)
 	}
 
@@ -2163,6 +2683,62 @@ func (e *Engine) Address() (netip.Addr, error) {
 	return e.wgInterface.Address().IP, nil
 }
 
+// SetCapture sets or clears packet capture on the WireGuard device.
+// On userspace WireGuard, it taps the FilteredDevice directly.
+// On kernel WireGuard (Linux), it falls back to AF_PACKET raw socket capture.
+// Pass nil to disable capture.
+func (e *Engine) SetCapture(pc device.PacketCapture) error {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+
+	intf := e.wgInterface
+	if intf == nil {
+		return errors.New("wireguard interface not initialized")
+	}
+
+	if e.afpacketCapture != nil {
+		e.afpacketCapture.Stop()
+		e.afpacketCapture = nil
+	}
+
+	dev := intf.GetDevice()
+	if dev != nil {
+		dev.SetCapture(pc)
+		e.setForwarderCapture(pc)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Kernel mode: no FilteredDevice. Use AF_PACKET on Linux.
+	if pc == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	sess, ok := pc.(*capture.Session)
+	if !ok {
+		return errors.New("filtered device not available and AF_PACKET requires *capture.Session")
+	}
+
+	afc := capture.NewAFPacketCapture(intf.Name(), sess)
+	if err := afc.Start(); err != nil { //nolint:staticcheck // always errors on non-Linux builds
+		return fmt.Errorf("start AF_PACKET capture on %s: %w", intf.Name(), err)
+	}
+	e.afpacketCapture = afc
+	return nil
+}
+
+// setForwarderCapture propagates capture to the USP filter's forwarder endpoint.
+// This captures outbound response packets that bypass the FilteredDevice in netstack mode.
+func (e *Engine) setForwarderCapture(pc device.PacketCapture) {
+	if e.firewall == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	type forwarderCapturer interface {
+		SetPacketCapture(pc forwarder.PacketCapture)
+	}
+	if fc, ok := e.firewall.(forwarderCapturer); ok {
+		fc.SetPacketCapture(pc)
+	}
+}
+
 func (e *Engine) updateForwardRules(rules []*mgmProto.ForwardingRule) ([]firewallManager.ForwardRule, error) {
 	if e.firewall == nil {
 		log.Warn("firewall is disabled, not updating forwarding rules")
@@ -2189,7 +2765,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateForwardRules(rules []*mgmProto.ForwardingRule) ([]firewal
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 	forwardingRules := make([]firewallManager.ForwardRule, 0, len(rules))
 	for _, rule := range rules {
-		proto, err := convertToFirewallProtocol(rule.GetProtocol())
+		proto, err := acl.ConvertToFirewallProtocol(rule.GetProtocol())
 		if err != nil {
 			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("failed to convert protocol '%s': %w", rule.GetProtocol(), err))
 			continue
@@ -2231,21 +2807,16 @@ func (e *Engine) updateForwardRules(rules []*mgmProto.ForwardingRule) ([]firewal
 	return forwardingRules, nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-func (e *Engine) toExcludedLazyPeers(rules []firewallManager.ForwardRule, peers []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) map[string]bool {
+// toExcludedLazyPeers returns the peers that must have an always-active
+// connection: those that are not lazy by policy (the per-peer lazy state or the
+// account flag, subject to the local override).
+func (e *Engine) toExcludedLazyPeers(peers []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) map[string]bool {
 	excludedPeers := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, r := range rules {
-		ip := r.TranslatedAddress
-		for _, p := range peers {
-			for _, allowedIP := range p.GetAllowedIps() {
-				if allowedIP != ip.String() {
-					continue
-				}
-				log.Infof("exclude forwarder peer from lazy connection: %s", p.GetWgPubKey())
-				excludedPeers[p.GetWgPubKey()] = true
-			}
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		if !e.connMgr.PeerLazyDefault(p.GetLazyState()) {
+			excludedPeers[p.GetWgPubKey()] = true
 		}
 	}
-
 	return excludedPeers
 }
 
@@ -2300,8 +2871,7 @@ func getInterfacePrefixes() ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
 			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(addr.Unmap(), ones).Masked()
 			ip := prefix.Addr()
 
-			// TODO: add IPv6
-			if !ip.Is4() || ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsMulticast() || ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() || ip.IsLinkLocalMulticast() {
+			if ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsMulticast() || ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() || ip.IsLinkLocalMulticast() {
 				continue
 			}
 
@@ -2312,6 +2882,24 @@ func getInterfacePrefixes() ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
 	return prefixes, nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
+// filterAllowedIPs strips IPv6 entries when the local interface has no v6 address.
+// This covers both the explicit --disable-ipv6 flag (v6 never assigned) and the
+// case where OS v6 assignment failed (ClearIPv6). Without this, WireGuard would
+// accept v6 traffic that the native firewall cannot filter.
+func (e *Engine) filterAllowedIPs(ips []string) []string {
+	if e.wgInterface.Address().HasIPv6() {
+		return ips
+	}
+	filtered := make([]string, 0, len(ips))
+	for _, s := range ips {
+		p, err := netip.ParsePrefix(s)
+		if err != nil || !p.Addr().Is6() {
+			filtered = append(filtered, s)
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
+
 // compareNetIPLists compares a list of netip.Prefix with a list of strings.
 // return true if both lists are equal, false otherwise.
 func compareNetIPLists(list1 []netip.Prefix, list2 []string) bool {
@@ -2384,6 +2972,8 @@ func convertToOfferAnswer(msg *sProto.Message) (*peer.OfferAnswer, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	relayIP := decodeRelayIP(msg.GetBody().GetRelayServerIP())
+
 	offerAnswer := peer.OfferAnswer{
 		IceCredentials: peer.IceCredentials{
 			UFrag: remoteCred.UFrag,
@@ -2394,7 +2984,23 @@ func convertToOfferAnswer(msg *sProto.Message) (*peer.OfferAnswer, error) {
 		RosenpassPubKey: rosenpassPubKey,
 		RosenpassAddr:   rosenpassAddr,
 		RelaySrvAddress: msg.GetBody().GetRelayServerAddress(),
+		RelaySrvIP:      relayIP,
 		SessionID:       sessionID,
 	}
 	return &offerAnswer, nil
 }
+
+// decodeRelayIP decodes the proto relayServerIP bytes (4 or 16) into a
+// netip.Addr. Returns the zero value for empty input and logs a warning
+// for malformed payloads.
+func decodeRelayIP(b []byte) netip.Addr {
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+	ip, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(b)
+	if !ok {
+		log.Warnf("invalid relayServerIP in signal message (%d bytes), ignoring", len(b))
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+	return ip.Unmap()
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_authsession.go b/client/internal/engine_authsession.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..725c0903f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/engine_authsession.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch"
+	cProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
+)
+
+// ApplySessionDeadline propagates the absolute SSO session deadline carried on
+// LoginResponse / SyncResponse to both the watcher (for the edge-triggered
+// warning) and the status recorder (for the SubscribeStatus / Status RPC
+// snapshot the UI consumes).
+//
+// The wire field is 3-state:
+//   - nil                        → snapshot carries no info; keep the
+//     previously-anchored deadline (no-op)
+//   - explicit zero (s=0, n=0)   → peer is not SSO-registered or expiry is
+//     disabled; clear both sinks
+//   - valid timestamp            → new deadline; arm watcher, expose on
+//     status recorder
+//
+// Deadline sanity-checks live in sessionwatch.Watcher.Update. Any rejected
+// value is treated as a clear on both sinks: the alternative — leaving the
+// previously-known deadline in place — risks the UI confidently displaying
+// a stale "expires in X" while the server has actually invalidated it.
+func (e *Engine) ApplySessionDeadline(ts *timestamppb.Timestamp) {
+	if ts == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	var deadline time.Time
+	// Explicit zero (seconds=0 AND nanos=0) is the sentinel for "disabled".
+	// Everything else flows through Watcher.Update, whose sanity-checks
+	// reject out-of-range / pre-epoch / far-future / too-stale values and
+	// clear on rejection.
+	if ts.GetSeconds() != 0 || ts.GetNanos() != 0 {
+		deadline = ts.AsTime().UTC()
+	}
+	if e.sessionWatcher == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	// Watcher.Update owns the propagation to the status recorder (the
+	// SubscribeStatus / Status snapshot the UI reads): a set writes the
+	// deadline, a clear or a sanity-check rejection writes the zero value.
+	// Keeping a single writer is what stops the recorder from drifting out
+	// of sync with the warning timers.
+	if err := e.sessionWatcher.Update(deadline); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("auth session deadline rejected: %v, clearing", err)
+		e.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+			cProto.SystemEvent_ERROR,
+			cProto.SystemEvent_AUTHENTICATION,
+			"session deadline rejected",
+			"",
+			map[string]string{sessionwatch.MetaSessionDeadlineRejected: err.Error()},
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// DismissSessionWarning records the user's "Dismiss" click on the
+// T-WarningLead interactive notification and suppresses the upcoming
+// T-FinalWarningLead fallback for the current deadline. No-op when the
+// watcher is not running or holds no deadline.
+func (e *Engine) DismissSessionWarning() {
+	if e.sessionWatcher == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	e.sessionWatcher.Dismiss()
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSession asks the management server to refresh the SSO session
+// expiry deadline using the supplied JWT, then mirrors the new deadline into
+// the daemon's state. The tunnel is untouched; no resync, no reconnect.
+//
+// Returns the new absolute UTC deadline (or zero time when the server
+// reports the peer is not eligible for extension).
+func (e *Engine) ExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, jwtToken string) (time.Time, error) {
+	if jwtToken == "" {
+		return time.Time{}, errors.New("jwt token is required")
+	}
+	if e.mgmClient == nil {
+		return time.Time{}, errors.New("management client is not initialised")
+	}
+
+	info, err := system.GetInfoWithChecks(ctx, e.checks)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to collect system info for session extend: %v", err)
+		info = system.GetInfo(ctx)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := e.mgmClient.ExtendAuthSession(info, jwtToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("extend auth session on management: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	e.ApplySessionDeadline(resp.GetSessionExpiresAt())
+
+	if resp.GetSessionExpiresAt().IsValid() {
+		return resp.GetSessionExpiresAt().AsTime().UTC(), nil
+	}
+	return time.Time{}, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_bundle_test.go b/client/internal/engine_bundle_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20b40a8a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/engine_bundle_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestValidateBundleUploadURL covers the sanity check applied to a
+// management-supplied upload URL before a remote debug bundle is generated.
+func TestValidateBundleUploadURL(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		raw     string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "empty falls back to default", raw: ""},
+		{name: "https with host", raw: "https://upload.debug.netbird.io/upload"},
+		{name: "https self-hosted host", raw: "https://upload.example.com"},
+		{name: "plaintext rejected", raw: "http://upload.example.com", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "missing host rejected", raw: "https:///upload", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "port-only authority rejected", raw: "https://:443", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "non-url scheme rejected", raw: "ftp://upload.example.com", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "garbage rejected", raw: "://not a url", wantErr: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := validateBundleUploadURL(tc.raw)
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err, "an invalid upload URL must be rejected")
+				return
+			}
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "a valid or empty upload URL must be accepted")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_privileged_test.go b/client/internal/engine_privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..181457ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/engine_privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	mgmt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
+	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
+	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/client"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
+	signalServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	sshKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	engine := NewEngine(
+		ctx, cancel,
+		&EngineConfig{
+			WgIfaceName:      "utun101",
+			WgAddr:           wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
+			WgPrivateKey:     key,
+			WgPort:           33100,
+			ServerSSHAllowed: true,
+			MTU:              iface.DefaultMTU,
+			SSHKey:           sshKey,
+		},
+		EngineServices{
+			SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
+			MgmClient:      &mgmt.MockClient{},
+			RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+			StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+		},
+		MobileDependency{},
+	)
+
+	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
+		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
+	}
+
+	err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	defer func() {
+		err := engine.Stop()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	peerWithSSH := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+		WgPubKey:   "MNHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.21/24"},
+		SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{
+			SshPubKey: []byte("ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIFATYCqaQw/9id1Qkq3n16JYhDhXraI6Pc1fgB8ynEfQ"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	// SSH server is not enabled so SSH config of a remote peer should be ignored
+	networkMap := &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial:             6,
+		PeerConfig:         nil,
+		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
+		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+
+	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+
+	// SSH server is enabled, therefore SSH config should be applied
+	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial: 7,
+		PeerConfig: &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{Address: "100.64.0.1/24",
+			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{
+				SshEnabled: true,
+				JwtConfig: &mgmtProto.JWTConfig{
+					Issuer:       "test-issuer",
+					Audience:     "test-audience",
+					KeysLocation: "test-keys",
+					MaxTokenAge:  3600,
+				},
+			}},
+		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
+		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+
+	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
+	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
+
+	// now remove peer
+	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial:             8,
+		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{},
+		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+
+	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
+	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
+
+	// now disable SSH server
+	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial: 9,
+		PeerConfig: &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{Address: "100.64.0.1/24",
+			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{SshEnabled: false}},
+		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
+		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+	}
+
+	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
+}
+
+func TestEngine_Sync(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// feed updates to Engine via mocked Management client
+	updates := make(chan *mgmtProto.SyncResponse)
+	defer close(updates)
+	syncFunc := func(ctx context.Context, _ func(context.Context) *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
+		for msg := range updates {
+			err := msgHandler(msg)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
+		WgIfaceName:  "utun103",
+		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
+		WgPrivateKey: key,
+		WgPort:       33100,
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+	}, EngineServices{
+		SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
+		MgmClient:      &mgmt.MockClient{SyncFunc: syncFunc},
+		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+	}, MobileDependency{})
+	engine.ctx = ctx
+
+	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
+		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		err := engine.Stop()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}()
+
+	err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	peer1 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+		WgPubKey:   "RRHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.10/24"},
+	}
+	peer2 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+		WgPubKey:   "LLHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX9+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LlhU=",
+		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.11/24"},
+	}
+	peer3 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
+		WgPubKey:   "GGHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX9+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LlhU=",
+		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.12/24"},
+	}
+	// 1st update with just 1 peer and serial larger than the current serial of the engine => apply update
+	updates <- &mgmtProto.SyncResponse{
+		NetworkMap: &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
+			Serial:             10,
+			PeerConfig:         nil,
+			RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peer1, peer2, peer3},
+			RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	timeout := time.After(time.Second * 2)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-timeout:
+			t.Fatalf("timeout while waiting for test to finish")
+			return
+		default:
+		}
+
+		if getPeers(engine) == 3 && engine.networkSerial == 10 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEngine_MultiplePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	// log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	sigServer, signalAddr, err := startSignal(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer sigServer.Stop()
+	mgmtServer, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(t, t.TempDir(), "../testdata/store.sql")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+		return
+	}
+	defer mgmtServer.GracefulStop()
+
+	setupKey := "A2C8E62B-38F5-4553-B31E-DD66C696CEBB"
+
+	mu := sync.Mutex{}
+	engines := []*Engine{}
+	numPeers := 10
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	wg.Add(numPeers)
+	// create and start peers
+	for i := 0; i < numPeers; i++ {
+		j := i
+		go func() {
+			engine, err := createEngine(ctx, cancel, setupKey, j, mgmtAddr, signalAddr)
+			if err != nil {
+				wg.Done()
+				t.Errorf("unable to create the engine for peer %d with error %v", j, err)
+				return
+			}
+			engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{}
+			mu.Lock()
+			defer mu.Unlock()
+			guid := fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", uuid.New().String())
+			device.CustomWindowsGUIDString = strings.ToLower(guid)
+			err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("unable to start engine for peer %d with error %v", j, err)
+				wg.Done()
+				return
+			}
+			engines = append(engines, engine)
+			wg.Done()
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// wait until all have been created and started
+	wg.Wait()
+	if len(engines) != numPeers {
+		t.Fatal("not all peers were started")
+	}
+	// check whether all the peer have expected peers connected
+
+	expectedConnected := numPeers * (numPeers - 1)
+
+	// adjust according to timeouts
+	timeout := 50 * time.Second
+	timeoutChan := time.After(timeout)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+loop:
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-timeoutChan:
+			t.Fatalf("waiting for expected connections timeout after %s", timeout.String())
+			break loop
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			totalConnected := 0
+			for _, engine := range engines {
+				totalConnected += getConnectedPeers(engine)
+			}
+			if totalConnected == expectedConnected {
+				log.Infof("total connected=%d", totalConnected)
+				break loop
+			}
+			log.Infof("total connected=%d", totalConnected)
+		}
+	}
+	// cleanup test
+	for n, peerEngine := range engines {
+		t.Logf("stopping peer with interface %s from multipeer test, loopIndex %d", peerEngine.wgInterface.Name(), n)
+		errStop := peerEngine.mgmClient.Close()
+		if errStop != nil {
+			log.Infoln("got error trying to close management clients from engine: ", errStop)
+		}
+		errStop = peerEngine.Stop()
+		if errStop != nil {
+			log.Infoln("got error trying to close testing peers engine: ", errStop)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+var (
+	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
+		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
+		PermitWithoutStream: true,
+	}
+
+	kasp = keepalive.ServerParameters{
+		MaxConnectionIdle:     15 * time.Second,
+		MaxConnectionAgeGrace: 5 * time.Second,
+		Time:                  5 * time.Second,
+		Timeout:               2 * time.Second,
+	}
+)
+
+func createEngine(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, setupKey string, i int, mgmtAddr string, signalAddr string) (*Engine, error) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	mgmtClient, err := mgmt.NewClient(ctx, mgmtAddr, key, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	signalClient, err := signal.NewClient(ctx, signalAddr, key, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	info := system.GetInfo(ctx)
+	resp, err := mgmtClient.Register(setupKey, "", info, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var ifaceName string
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		ifaceName = fmt.Sprintf("utun1%d", i)
+	} else {
+		ifaceName = fmt.Sprintf("wt%d", i)
+	}
+
+	wgPort := 33100 + i
+	conf := &EngineConfig{
+		WgIfaceName:  ifaceName,
+		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(resp.PeerConfig.Address),
+		WgPrivateKey: key,
+		WgPort:       wgPort,
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+	}
+
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	e, err := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, conf, EngineServices{
+		SignalClient:   signalClient,
+		MgmClient:      mgmtClient,
+		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+	}, MobileDependency{}), nil
+	e.ctx = ctx
+	return e, err
+}
+
+func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	srv, err := signalServer.NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
+}
+
+func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir, testFile string) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	config := &config.Config{
+		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
+		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
+		Relay: &config.Relay{
+			Addresses:      []string{"127.0.0.1:1234"},
+			CredentialsTTL: util.Duration{Duration: time.Hour},
+			Secret:         "222222222222222222",
+		},
+		Signal: &config.Host{
+			Proto: "http",
+			URI:   "localhost:10000",
+		},
+		Datadir:    dataDir,
+		HttpConfig: nil,
+	}
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
+
+	store, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), testFile, config.Datadir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(store)
+	peersManager := peers.NewManager(store)
+	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
+
+	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, nil, eventStore, cacheStore)
+
+	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
+	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetExtraSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(&types.ExtraSettings{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
+
+	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
+	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), store)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), config, nil)
+	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(updateManager, config.TURNConfig, config.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mgmtServer)
+	go func() {
+		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
+}
+
+// getConnectedPeers returns a connection Status or nil if peer connection wasn't found
+func getConnectedPeers(e *Engine) int {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+	i := 0
+	for _, id := range e.peerStore.PeersPubKey() {
+		conn, _ := e.peerStore.PeerConn(id)
+		if conn.IsConnected() {
+			i++
+		}
+	}
+	return i
+}
+
+func getPeers(e *Engine) int {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+
+	return len(e.peerStore.PeersPubKey())
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_session_deadline_test.go b/client/internal/engine_session_deadline_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a67f103a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/engine_session_deadline_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+// TestApplySessionDeadline_ThreeState pins down the 3-state semantics of the
+// wire field carried on LoginResponse / SyncResponse:
+//
+//   - nil pointer            → no info; previously-anchored deadline survives
+//   - explicit zero value    → "expiry disabled" sentinel; both sinks cleared
+//   - valid future timestamp → new deadline propagated to both sinks
+func TestApplySessionDeadline_ThreeState(t *testing.T) {
+	newEngine := func() *Engine {
+		recorder := peer.NewRecorder("")
+		return &Engine{
+			statusRecorder: recorder,
+			sessionWatcher: sessionwatch.New(recorder),
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("valid timestamp sets deadline on both sinks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		e := newEngine()
+		deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Hour).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+
+		e.ApplySessionDeadline(timestamppb.New(deadline))
+
+		require.True(t, e.statusRecorder.GetSessionExpiresAt().Equal(deadline),
+			"status recorder should hold the new deadline")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil is a no-op and preserves previous deadline", func(t *testing.T) {
+		e := newEngine()
+		seeded := time.Now().Add(time.Hour).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+		e.ApplySessionDeadline(timestamppb.New(seeded))
+		require.True(t, e.statusRecorder.GetSessionExpiresAt().Equal(seeded))
+
+		e.ApplySessionDeadline(nil)
+
+		require.True(t, e.statusRecorder.GetSessionExpiresAt().Equal(seeded),
+			"nil snapshot must not disturb the existing deadline")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("explicit zero clears a previously-anchored deadline", func(t *testing.T) {
+		e := newEngine()
+		seeded := time.Now().Add(time.Hour).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+		e.ApplySessionDeadline(timestamppb.New(seeded))
+		require.True(t, e.statusRecorder.GetSessionExpiresAt().Equal(seeded))
+
+		// Explicit zero Timestamp{} (seconds=0, nanos=0) is the
+		// "expiry disabled / not SSO" sentinel.
+		e.ApplySessionDeadline(&timestamppb.Timestamp{})
+
+		require.True(t, e.statusRecorder.GetSessionExpiresAt().IsZero(),
+			"explicit zero sentinel must clear the deadline")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid timestamp clears the deadline", func(t *testing.T) {
+		e := newEngine()
+		seeded := time.Now().Add(time.Hour).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+		e.ApplySessionDeadline(timestamppb.New(seeded))
+		require.True(t, e.statusRecorder.GetSessionExpiresAt().Equal(seeded))
+
+		// Out-of-range nanos → IsValid()==false; same-meaning as the
+		// disabled sentinel for downstream sinks.
+		e.ApplySessionDeadline(&timestamppb.Timestamp{Seconds: 1, Nanos: -1})
+
+		require.True(t, e.statusRecorder.GetSessionExpiresAt().IsZero(),
+			"invalid timestamp must clear the deadline")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("recently expired timestamp stays visible as expired", func(t *testing.T) {
+		e := newEngine()
+		expired := time.Now().Add(-5 * time.Minute).UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+
+		e.ApplySessionDeadline(timestamppb.New(expired))
+
+		require.True(t, e.statusRecorder.GetSessionExpiresAt().Equal(expired),
+			"recently-expired deadline must stay on the recorder so consumers render it as expired")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_sessionwatch.go b/client/internal/engine_sessionwatch.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a46d73f87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/engine_sessionwatch.go
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//go:build !js
+
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+// newSessionWatcher returns the real SSO session expiry watcher for every
+// non-wasm build. The js/wasm build gets a no-op stub from
+// engine_sessionwatch_js.go so the sessionwatch package (and its timer
+// machinery) never links into the wasm binary.
+func newSessionWatcher(recorder *peer.Status) sessionDeadlineWatcher {
+	return sessionwatch.New(recorder)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_sessionwatch_js.go b/client/internal/engine_sessionwatch_js.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..50e148ab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/engine_sessionwatch_js.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//go:build js
+
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+// noopSessionWatcher is the js/wasm stand-in for sessionwatch.Watcher. The
+// wasm client never runs the engine's session-warning flow (the interactive
+// T-WarningLead notification and the T-FinalWarningLead fallback dialog live
+// in the desktop UI), so linking the full sessionwatch package (timers, event
+// composition) would only bloat the binary.
+//
+// It still mirrors the deadline into the status recorder so the SubscribeStatus
+// / Status snapshot the UI consumes stays correct — only the timer-driven
+// warnings are dropped.
+type noopSessionWatcher struct {
+	recorder *peer.Status
+}
+
+func newSessionWatcher(recorder *peer.Status) sessionDeadlineWatcher {
+	return noopSessionWatcher{recorder: recorder}
+}
+
+// Update mirrors the real watcher's recorder propagation without the timers or
+// sanity-check sentinels: a valid deadline is exposed on the status snapshot,
+// the zero time clears it.
+func (w noopSessionWatcher) Update(deadline time.Time) error {
+	if w.recorder != nil {
+		w.recorder.SetSessionExpiresAt(deadline)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (noopSessionWatcher) Dismiss() {
+	// No-op: only suppresses the timer-driven final-warning, which this stub never arms.
+}
+
+func (noopSessionWatcher) Close() {
+	// No-op: no timers to stop and no state to unwind; the recorder is cleared via Update(zero).
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_ssh.go b/client/internal/engine_ssh.go
index 1419bc262..60bdfd806 100644
--- a/client/internal/engine_ssh.go
+++ b/client/internal/engine_ssh.go
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ type sshServer interface {
 	Stop() error
 	GetStatus() (bool, []sshserver.SessionInfo)
 	UpdateSSHAuth(config *sshauth.Config)
+	JWTConfig() *sshserver.JWTConfig
+	AuthConfig() *sshauth.Config
 }
 
 func (e *Engine) setupSSHPortRedirection() error {
@@ -41,6 +43,14 @@ func (e *Engine) setupSSHPortRedirection() error {
 	}
 	log.Infof("SSH port redirection enabled: %s:22 -> %s:22022", localAddr, localAddr)
 
+	if v6 := e.wgInterface.Address().IPv6; v6.IsValid() {
+		if err := e.firewall.AddInboundDNAT(v6, firewallManager.ProtocolTCP, 22, 22022); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to add IPv6 SSH port redirection: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Infof("SSH port redirection enabled: [%s]:22 -> [%s]:22022", v6, v6)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +79,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateSSH(sshConf *mgmProto.SSHConfig) error {
 
 	if e.config.DisableSSHAuth != nil && *e.config.DisableSSHAuth {
 		log.Info("starting SSH server without JWT authentication (authentication disabled by config)")
-		return e.startSSHServer(nil)
+		return e.startSSHServer(nil, nil)
 	}
 
 	if protoJWT := sshConf.GetJwtConfig(); protoJWT != nil {
@@ -87,7 +97,7 @@ func (e *Engine) updateSSH(sshConf *mgmProto.SSHConfig) error {
 			MaxTokenAge:  protoJWT.GetMaxTokenAge(),
 		}
 
-		return e.startSSHServer(jwtConfig)
+		return e.startSSHServer(jwtConfig, nil)
 	}
 
 	return errors.New("SSH server requires valid JWT configuration")
@@ -137,12 +147,13 @@ func (e *Engine) extractPeerSSHInfo(remotePeers []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) []
 			continue
 		}
 
-		peerIP := e.extractPeerIP(peerConfig)
+		peerV4, peerV6 := overlayAddrsFromAllowedIPs(peerConfig.GetAllowedIps(), e.wgInterface.Address().IPv6Net)
 		hostname := e.extractHostname(peerConfig)
 
 		peerInfo = append(peerInfo, sshconfig.PeerSSHInfo{
 			Hostname: hostname,
-			IP:       peerIP,
+			IP:       peerV4,
+			IPv6:     peerV6,
 			FQDN:     peerConfig.GetFqdn(),
 		})
 	}
@@ -150,18 +161,6 @@ func (e *Engine) extractPeerSSHInfo(remotePeers []*mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) []
 	return peerInfo
 }
 
-// extractPeerIP extracts IP address from peer's allowed IPs
-func (e *Engine) extractPeerIP(peerConfig *mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) string {
-	if len(peerConfig.GetAllowedIps()) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-
-	if prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(peerConfig.GetAllowedIps()[0]); err == nil {
-		return prefix.Addr().String()
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
 // extractHostname extracts short hostname from FQDN
 func (e *Engine) extractHostname(peerConfig *mgmProto.RemotePeerConfig) string {
 	fqdn := peerConfig.GetFqdn()
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ func (e *Engine) GetPeerSSHKey(peerAddress string) ([]byte, bool) {
 
 	fullStatus := statusRecorder.GetFullStatus()
 	for _, peerState := range fullStatus.Peers {
-		if peerState.IP == peerAddress || peerState.FQDN == peerAddress {
+		if peerState.IP == peerAddress || peerState.FQDN == peerAddress || peerState.IPv6 == peerAddress {
 			if len(peerState.SSHHostKey) > 0 {
 				return peerState.SSHHostKey, true
 			}
@@ -234,8 +233,33 @@ func (e *Engine) cleanupSSHConfig() {
 	}
 }
 
-// startSSHServer initializes and starts the SSH server with proper configuration.
-func (e *Engine) startSSHServer(jwtConfig *sshserver.JWTConfig) error {
+// restartSSHListeners rebuilds the SSH server so it listens on new sockets, on
+// the same terms it was started with. No-op when it is not running. See
+// Engine.rebindOverlayListeners for why this is needed.
+func (e *Engine) restartSSHListeners() error {
+	if e.sshServer == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Read from the server before it goes away. A rebuilt one starts with an
+	// empty authorizer, which fails closed, so without carrying the
+	// authorization over every JWT login is refused until the next network map
+	// happens to bring one.
+	jwtConfig, authConfig := e.sshServer.JWTConfig(), e.sshServer.AuthConfig()
+	if err := e.stopSSHServer(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rebind SSH listeners: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := e.startSSHServer(jwtConfig, authConfig); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rebind SSH listeners: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// startSSHServer initializes and starts the SSH server with proper
+// configuration. authConfig is the fine-grained authorization to open with, and
+// is applied before the server accepts anything: a server that starts listening
+// with an empty authorizer refuses the logins that arrive in the meantime.
+// Nil leaves it as management has not sent one yet.
+func (e *Engine) startSSHServer(jwtConfig *sshserver.JWTConfig, authConfig *sshauth.Config) error {
 	if e.wgInterface == nil {
 		return errors.New("wg interface not initialized")
 	}
@@ -243,6 +267,7 @@ func (e *Engine) startSSHServer(jwtConfig *sshserver.JWTConfig) error {
 	serverConfig := &sshserver.Config{
 		HostKeyPEM: e.config.SSHKey,
 		JWT:        jwtConfig,
+		Auth:       authConfig,
 	}
 	server := sshserver.New(serverConfig)
 
@@ -262,6 +287,13 @@ func (e *Engine) startSSHServer(jwtConfig *sshserver.JWTConfig) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("start SSH server: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if v6 := wgAddr.IPv6; v6.IsValid() {
+		v6Addr := netip.AddrPortFrom(v6, sshserver.InternalSSHPort)
+		if err := server.AddListener(e.ctx, v6Addr); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to add IPv6 SSH listener: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	e.sshServer = server
 
 	if netstackNet := e.wgInterface.GetNet(); netstackNet != nil {
@@ -330,6 +362,12 @@ func (e *Engine) cleanupSSHPortRedirection() error {
 	}
 	log.Debugf("SSH port redirection removed: %s:22 -> %s:22022", localAddr, localAddr)
 
+	if v6 := e.wgInterface.Address().IPv6; v6.IsValid() {
+		if err := e.firewall.RemoveInboundDNAT(v6, firewallManager.ProtocolTCP, 22, 22022); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to remove IPv6 SSH port redirection: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_test.go b/client/internal/engine_test.go
index b13bfa7b4..ec388ac94 100644
--- a/client/internal/engine_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/engine_test.go
@@ -2,42 +2,23 @@ package internal
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 	wgdevice "golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
-	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/configurer"
@@ -51,42 +32,18 @@ import (
 	icemaker "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/ice"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager"
-	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
-	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/monotime"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	mgmt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
 	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
 	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
 	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/client"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
-	signalServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
-var (
-	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
-		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
-		PermitWithoutStream: true,
-	}
-
-	kasp = keepalive.ServerParameters{
-		MaxConnectionIdle:     15 * time.Second,
-		MaxConnectionAgeGrace: 5 * time.Second,
-		Time:                  5 * time.Second,
-		Timeout:               2 * time.Second,
-	}
-)
-
 type MockWGIface struct {
 	CreateFunc                 func() error
 	CreateOnAndroidFunc        func(routeRange []string, ip string, domains []string) error
@@ -95,7 +52,7 @@ type MockWGIface struct {
 	AddressFunc                func() wgaddr.Address
 	ToInterfaceFunc            func() *net.Interface
 	UpFunc                     func() (*udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error)
-	UpdateAddrFunc             func(newAddr string) error
+	UpdateAddrFunc             func(newAddr wgaddr.Address) error
 	UpdatePeerFunc             func(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix, keepAlive time.Duration, endpoint *net.UDPAddr, preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key) error
 	RemovePeerFunc             func(peerKey string) error
 	AddAllowedIPFunc           func(peerKey string, allowedIP netip.Prefix) error
@@ -157,7 +114,7 @@ func (m *MockWGIface) Up() (*udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error) {
 	return m.UpFunc()
 }
 
-func (m *MockWGIface) UpdateAddr(newAddr string) error {
+func (m *MockWGIface) UpdateAddr(newAddr wgaddr.Address) error {
 	return m.UpdateAddrFunc(newAddr)
 }
 
@@ -223,6 +180,10 @@ func (m *MockWGIface) LastActivities() map[string]monotime.Time {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *MockWGIface) MTU() uint16 {
+	return 1280
+}
+
 func (m *MockWGIface) SetPresharedKey(peerKey string, psk wgtypes.Key, updateOnly bool) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -233,129 +194,6 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	os.Exit(code)
 }
 
-func TestEngine_SSH(t *testing.T) {
-	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	sshKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
-	engine := NewEngine(
-		ctx, cancel,
-		&EngineConfig{
-			WgIfaceName:      "utun101",
-			WgAddr:           "100.64.0.1/24",
-			WgPrivateKey:     key,
-			WgPort:           33100,
-			ServerSSHAllowed: true,
-			MTU:              iface.DefaultMTU,
-			SSHKey:           sshKey,
-		},
-		EngineServices{
-			SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
-			MgmClient:      &mgmt.MockClient{},
-			RelayManager:   relayMgr,
-			StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
-		},
-		MobileDependency{},
-	)
-
-	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
-		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
-	}
-
-	err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	defer func() {
-		err := engine.Stop()
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-
-	peerWithSSH := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-		WgPubKey:   "MNHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
-		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.21/24"},
-		SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{
-			SshPubKey: []byte("ssh-ed25519 AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIFATYCqaQw/9id1Qkq3n16JYhDhXraI6Pc1fgB8ynEfQ"),
-		},
-	}
-
-	// SSH server is not enabled so SSH config of a remote peer should be ignored
-	networkMap := &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-		Serial:             6,
-		PeerConfig:         nil,
-		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
-		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-	}
-
-	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
-
-	// SSH server is enabled, therefore SSH config should be applied
-	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-		Serial: 7,
-		PeerConfig: &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{Address: "100.64.0.1/24",
-			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{
-				SshEnabled: true,
-				JwtConfig: &mgmtProto.JWTConfig{
-					Issuer:       "test-issuer",
-					Audience:     "test-audience",
-					KeysLocation: "test-keys",
-					MaxTokenAge:  3600,
-				},
-			}},
-		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
-		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-	}
-
-	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
-	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
-
-	// now remove peer
-	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-		Serial:             8,
-		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{},
-		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-	}
-
-	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// time.Sleep(250 * time.Millisecond)
-	assert.NotNil(t, engine.sshServer)
-
-	// now disable SSH server
-	networkMap = &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-		Serial: 9,
-		PeerConfig: &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{Address: "100.64.0.1/24",
-			SshConfig: &mgmtProto.SSHConfig{SshEnabled: false}},
-		RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peerWithSSH},
-		RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-	}
-
-	err = engine.updateNetworkMap(networkMap)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	assert.Nil(t, engine.sshServer)
-}
-
 func TestEngine_SSHUpdateLogic(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test that SSH server start/stop logic works based on config
 	engine := &Engine{
@@ -417,6 +255,118 @@ func TestEngine_SSHServerConsistency(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestEngine_FirstSyncInfoCarriesLoginChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	infos := make(chan *system.Info, 1)
+	mgmClient := &mgmt.MockClient{
+		SyncFunc: func(ctx context.Context, getInfo func(context.Context) *system.Info, _ func(*mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
+			infos <- getInfo(ctx)
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
+		WgIfaceName:  "utun104",
+		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
+		WgPrivateKey: key,
+		WgPort:       33100,
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+	}, EngineServices{
+		SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
+		MgmClient:      mgmClient,
+		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+		Checks:         []*mgmtProto.Checks{{Files: []string{exe}}},
+	}, MobileDependency{})
+
+	engine.receiveManagementEvents()
+
+	select {
+	case info := <-infos:
+		require.Len(t, info.Files, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, exe, info.Files[0].Path)
+		assert.True(t, info.Files[0].Exist)
+	case <-time.After(20 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for the first sync info")
+	}
+	engine.shutdownWg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestEngine_SyncInfoFuncReusesRefreshedInfoOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	engine := &Engine{config: &EngineConfig{}}
+
+	refreshed := &system.Info{Hostname: "from-refresh"}
+	getInfo := engine.syncInfoFunc(refreshed)
+
+	first := getInfo(context.Background())
+	assert.Same(t, refreshed, first, "the first connect should send the refreshed info instead of gathering again")
+
+	second := getInfo(context.Background())
+	assert.NotSame(t, refreshed, second, "the reconnect should gather a fresh info")
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "from-refresh", second.Hostname, "the fresh info should not carry the refreshed hostname")
+}
+
+func TestEngine_SyncInfoFuncGathersWhenRefreshFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	engine := &Engine{config: &EngineConfig{}}
+
+	info := engine.syncInfoFunc(nil)(context.Background())
+	require.NotNil(t, info, "a failed refresh should fall back to gathering the info")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, info.Hostname, "the gathered info should carry the hostname")
+}
+
+func TestEngine_UpdateChecksIfNewRetriesAfterFailedSyncMeta(t *testing.T) {
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	exe, err := os.Executable()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
+	defer cancel()
+
+	syncMetaCalls := 0
+	mgmClient := &mgmt.MockClient{
+		SyncMetaFunc: func(*system.Info) error {
+			syncMetaCalls++
+			if syncMetaCalls == 1 {
+				return errors.New("management unavailable")
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
+	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
+		WgIfaceName:  "utun105",
+		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
+		WgPrivateKey: key,
+		WgPort:       33100,
+		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
+	}, EngineServices{
+		SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
+		MgmClient:      mgmClient,
+		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
+		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+	}, MobileDependency{})
+
+	checks := []*mgmtProto.Checks{{Files: []string{exe}}}
+
+	require.Error(t, engine.updateChecksIfNew(checks))
+	require.NoError(t, engine.updateChecksIfNew(checks))
+	require.NoError(t, engine.updateChecksIfNew(checks))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, syncMetaCalls)
+}
+
 func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 	// test setup
 	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
@@ -425,13 +375,13 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
 	defer cancel()
 
 	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
 	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
 		WgIfaceName:  "utun102",
-		WgAddr:       "100.64.0.1/24",
+		WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/24"),
 		WgPrivateKey: key,
 		WgPort:       33100,
 		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
@@ -443,7 +393,8 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 	}, MobileDependency{})
 
 	wgIface := &MockWGIface{
-		NameFunc: func() string { return "utun102" },
+		NameFunc:            func() string { return "utun102" },
+		IsUserspaceBindFunc: func() bool { return true },
 		RemovePeerFunc: func(peerKey string) error {
 			return nil
 		},
@@ -630,97 +581,6 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestEngine_Sync(t *testing.T) {
-	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	defer cancel()
-
-	// feed updates to Engine via mocked Management client
-	updates := make(chan *mgmtProto.SyncResponse)
-	defer close(updates)
-	syncFunc := func(ctx context.Context, info *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error) error {
-		for msg := range updates {
-			err := msgHandler(msg)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
-	engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
-		WgIfaceName:  "utun103",
-		WgAddr:       "100.64.0.1/24",
-		WgPrivateKey: key,
-		WgPort:       33100,
-		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-	}, EngineServices{
-		SignalClient:   &signal.MockClient{},
-		MgmClient:      &mgmt.MockClient{SyncFunc: syncFunc},
-		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
-		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
-	}, MobileDependency{})
-	engine.ctx = ctx
-
-	engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{
-		UpdateDNSServerFunc: func(serial uint64, update nbdns.Config) error { return nil },
-	}
-
-	defer func() {
-		err := engine.Stop()
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-	}()
-
-	err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	peer1 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-		WgPubKey:   "RRHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
-		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.10/24"},
-	}
-	peer2 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-		WgPubKey:   "LLHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX9+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LlhU=",
-		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.11/24"},
-	}
-	peer3 := &mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{
-		WgPubKey:   "GGHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX9+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LlhU=",
-		AllowedIps: []string{"100.64.0.12/24"},
-	}
-	// 1st update with just 1 peer and serial larger than the current serial of the engine => apply update
-	updates <- &mgmtProto.SyncResponse{
-		NetworkMap: &mgmtProto.NetworkMap{
-			Serial:             10,
-			PeerConfig:         nil,
-			RemotePeers:        []*mgmtProto.RemotePeerConfig{peer1, peer2, peer3},
-			RemotePeersIsEmpty: false,
-		},
-	}
-
-	timeout := time.After(time.Second * 2)
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-timeout:
-			t.Fatalf("timeout while waiting for test to finish")
-			return
-		default:
-		}
-
-		if getPeers(engine) == 3 && engine.networkSerial == 10 {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name                 string
@@ -816,7 +676,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 				return
 			}
 
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
 			defer cancel()
 
 			wgIfaceName := fmt.Sprintf("utun%d", 104+n)
@@ -825,7 +685,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 			relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
 			engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
 				WgIfaceName:  wgIfaceName,
-				WgAddr:       wgAddr,
+				WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgAddr),
 				WgPrivateKey: key,
 				WgPort:       33100,
 				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
@@ -843,7 +703,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 
 			opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
 				IFaceName:    wgIfaceName,
-				Address:      wgAddr,
+				Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgAddr),
 				WGPort:       engine.config.WgPort,
 				WGPrivKey:    key.String(),
 				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
@@ -1023,7 +883,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithDNSUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 				return
 			}
 
-			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
 			defer cancel()
 
 			wgIfaceName := fmt.Sprintf("utun%d", 104+n)
@@ -1032,7 +892,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithDNSUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
 			engine := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, &EngineConfig{
 				WgIfaceName:  wgIfaceName,
-				WgAddr:       wgAddr,
+				WgAddr:       wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgAddr),
 				WgPrivateKey: key,
 				WgPort:       33100,
 				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
@@ -1050,7 +910,7 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithDNSUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
 				IFaceName:    wgIfaceName,
-				Address:      wgAddr,
+				Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(wgAddr),
 				WGPort:       33100,
 				WGPrivKey:    key.String(),
 				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
@@ -1104,104 +964,6 @@ func TestEngine_UpdateNetworkMapWithDNSUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestEngine_MultiplePeers(t *testing.T) {
-	// log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(CtxInitState(context.Background()))
-	defer cancel()
-
-	sigServer, signalAddr, err := startSignal(t)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-	defer sigServer.Stop()
-	mgmtServer, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(t, t.TempDir(), "../testdata/store.sql")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-	defer mgmtServer.GracefulStop()
-
-	setupKey := "A2C8E62B-38F5-4553-B31E-DD66C696CEBB"
-
-	mu := sync.Mutex{}
-	engines := []*Engine{}
-	numPeers := 10
-	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
-	wg.Add(numPeers)
-	// create and start peers
-	for i := 0; i < numPeers; i++ {
-		j := i
-		go func() {
-			engine, err := createEngine(ctx, cancel, setupKey, j, mgmtAddr, signalAddr)
-			if err != nil {
-				wg.Done()
-				t.Errorf("unable to create the engine for peer %d with error %v", j, err)
-				return
-			}
-			engine.dnsServer = &dns.MockServer{}
-			mu.Lock()
-			defer mu.Unlock()
-			guid := fmt.Sprintf("{%s}", uuid.New().String())
-			device.CustomWindowsGUIDString = strings.ToLower(guid)
-			err = engine.Start(nil, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("unable to start engine for peer %d with error %v", j, err)
-				wg.Done()
-				return
-			}
-			engines = append(engines, engine)
-			wg.Done()
-		}()
-	}
-
-	// wait until all have been created and started
-	wg.Wait()
-	if len(engines) != numPeers {
-		t.Fatal("not all peers was started")
-	}
-	// check whether all the peer have expected peers connected
-
-	expectedConnected := numPeers * (numPeers - 1)
-
-	// adjust according to timeouts
-	timeout := 50 * time.Second
-	timeoutChan := time.After(timeout)
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-loop:
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-timeoutChan:
-			t.Fatalf("waiting for expected connections timeout after %s", timeout.String())
-			break loop
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			totalConnected := 0
-			for _, engine := range engines {
-				totalConnected += getConnectedPeers(engine)
-			}
-			if totalConnected == expectedConnected {
-				log.Infof("total connected=%d", totalConnected)
-				break loop
-			}
-			log.Infof("total connected=%d", totalConnected)
-		}
-	}
-	// cleanup test
-	for n, peerEngine := range engines {
-		t.Logf("stopping peer with interface %s from multipeer test, loopIndex %d", peerEngine.wgInterface.Name(), n)
-		errStop := peerEngine.mgmClient.Close()
-		if errStop != nil {
-			log.Infoln("got error trying to close management clients from engine: ", errStop)
-		}
-		errStop = peerEngine.Stop()
-		if errStop != nil {
-			log.Infoln("got error trying to close testing peers engine: ", errStop)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func Test_ParseNATExternalIPMappings(t *testing.T) {
 	ifaceList, err := net.Interfaces()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1525,183 +1287,223 @@ func TestCompareNetIPLists(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func createEngine(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, setupKey string, i int, mgmtAddr string, signalAddr string) (*Engine, error) {
-	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	mgmtClient, err := mgmt.NewClient(ctx, mgmtAddr, key, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	signalClient, err := signal.NewClient(ctx, signalAddr, key, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	info := system.GetInfo(ctx)
-	resp, err := mgmtClient.Register(setupKey, "", info, nil, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var ifaceName string
-	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
-		ifaceName = fmt.Sprintf("utun1%d", i)
-	} else {
-		ifaceName = fmt.Sprintf("wt%d", i)
-	}
-
-	wgPort := 33100 + i
-	conf := &EngineConfig{
-		WgIfaceName:  ifaceName,
-		WgAddr:       resp.PeerConfig.Address,
-		WgPrivateKey: key,
-		WgPort:       wgPort,
-		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
-	}
-
-	relayMgr := relayClient.NewManager(ctx, nil, key.PublicKey().String(), iface.DefaultMTU)
-	e, err := NewEngine(ctx, cancel, conf, EngineServices{
-		SignalClient:   signalClient,
-		MgmClient:      mgmtClient,
-		RelayManager:   relayMgr,
-		StatusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
-	}, MobileDependency{}), nil
-	e.ctx = ctx
-	return e, err
-}
-
-func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+func mustEncodePrefix(t *testing.T, p netip.Prefix) []byte {
 	t.Helper()
-
-	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
-
-	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	srv, err := signalServer.NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
+	b, err := netiputil.EncodePrefix(p)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
-
-	go func() {
-		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
+	return b
 }
 
-func startManagement(t *testing.T, dataDir, testFile string) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
-	t.Helper()
+func TestEngine_hasIPv6Changed(t *testing.T) {
+	v4Only := wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/16")
 
-	config := &config.Config{
-		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
-		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
-		Relay: &config.Relay{
-			Addresses:      []string{"127.0.0.1:1234"},
-			CredentialsTTL: util.Duration{Duration: time.Hour},
-			Secret:         "222222222222222222",
+	v4v6 := wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/16")
+	v4v6.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	v4v6.IPv6Net = netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::1/64").Masked()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		current  wgaddr.Address
+		confV6   []byte
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "no v6 before, no v6 now",
+			current:  v4Only,
+			confV6:   nil,
+			expected: false,
 		},
-		Signal: &config.Host{
-			Proto: "http",
-			URI:   "localhost:10000",
+		{
+			name:     "no v6 before, v6 added",
+			current:  v4Only,
+			confV6:   mustEncodePrefix(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::1/64")),
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "had v6, now removed",
+			current:  v4v6,
+			confV6:   nil,
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "had v6, same v6",
+			current:  v4v6,
+			confV6:   mustEncodePrefix(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::1/64")),
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "had v6, different v6",
+			current:  v4v6,
+			confV6:   mustEncodePrefix(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::2/64")),
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "same v6 addr, different prefix length",
+			current:  v4v6,
+			confV6:   mustEncodePrefix(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::1/80")),
+			expected: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "decode error keeps status quo",
+			current:  v4Only,
+			confV6:   []byte{1, 2, 3},
+			expected: false,
 		},
-		Datadir:    dataDir,
-		HttpConfig: nil,
 	}
 
-	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			engine := &Engine{
+				config: &EngineConfig{WgAddr: tt.current},
+			}
+			conf := &mgmtProto.PeerConfig{
+				AddressV6: tt.confV6,
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, engine.hasIPv6Changed(conf))
+		})
 	}
-	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
-
-	store, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), testFile, config.Datadir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
-
-	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(store)
-	peersManager := peers.NewManager(store)
-	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
-
-	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	ia, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, nil, eventStore, cacheStore)
-
-	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
-	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
-		GetSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
-		Return(&types.Settings{}, nil).
-		AnyTimes()
-	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
-		GetExtraSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
-		Return(&types.ExtraSettings{}, nil).
-		AnyTimes()
-
-	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
-
-	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
-	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), config)
-	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(updateManager, config.TURNConfig, config.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mgmtServer)
-	go func() {
-		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
 }
 
-// getConnectedPeers returns a connection Status or nil if peer connection wasn't found
-func getConnectedPeers(e *Engine) int {
-	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
-	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
-	i := 0
-	for _, id := range e.peerStore.PeersPubKey() {
-		conn, _ := e.peerStore.PeerConn(id)
-		if conn.IsConnected() {
-			i++
-		}
+func TestFilterAllowedIPs(t *testing.T) {
+	v4v6Addr := wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/16")
+	v4v6Addr.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	v4v6Addr.IPv6Net = netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::1/64").Masked()
+
+	v4OnlyAddr := wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.64.0.1/16")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		addr     wgaddr.Address
+		input    []string
+		expected []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "interface has v6, keep all",
+			addr:     v4v6Addr,
+			input:    []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "fd00::1/128"},
+			expected: []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "fd00::1/128"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "no v6, strip v6",
+			addr:     v4OnlyAddr,
+			input:    []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "fd00::1/128"},
+			expected: []string{"100.64.0.1/32"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "no v6, only v4",
+			addr:     v4OnlyAddr,
+			input:    []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expected: []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "10.0.0.0/8"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "no v6, only v6 input",
+			addr:     v4OnlyAddr,
+			input:    []string{"fd00::1/128", "::/0"},
+			expected: []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "no v6, invalid prefix preserved",
+			addr:     v4OnlyAddr,
+			input:    []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "garbage"},
+			expected: []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "garbage"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "no v6, empty input",
+			addr:     v4OnlyAddr,
+			input:    []string{},
+			expected: []string{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			addr := tt.addr
+			engine := &Engine{
+				config: &EngineConfig{},
+				wgInterface: &MockWGIface{
+					AddressFunc: func() wgaddr.Address { return addr },
+				},
+			}
+			result := engine.filterAllowedIPs(tt.input)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
 	}
-	return i
 }
 
-func getPeers(e *Engine) int {
-	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
-	defer e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+func TestOverlayAddrsFromAllowedIPs(t *testing.T) {
+	ourV6Net := netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234:5678:abcd::/64")
 
-	return len(e.peerStore.PeersPubKey())
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		allowedIPs []string
+		ourV6Net   netip.Prefix
+		wantV4     string
+		wantV6     string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "v4 only",
+			allowedIPs: []string{"100.64.0.1/32"},
+			ourV6Net:   ourV6Net,
+			wantV4:     "100.64.0.1",
+			wantV6:     "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "v4 and v6 overlay",
+			allowedIPs: []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "fd00:1234:5678:abcd::1/128"},
+			ourV6Net:   ourV6Net,
+			wantV4:     "100.64.0.1",
+			wantV6:     "fd00:1234:5678:abcd::1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "v4, routed v6, overlay v6",
+			allowedIPs: []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "2001:db8::1/128", "fd00:1234:5678:abcd::1/128"},
+			ourV6Net:   ourV6Net,
+			wantV4:     "100.64.0.1",
+			wantV6:     "fd00:1234:5678:abcd::1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "routed v6 /128 outside our subnet is ignored",
+			allowedIPs: []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "2001:db8::1/128"},
+			ourV6Net:   ourV6Net,
+			wantV4:     "100.64.0.1",
+			wantV6:     "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "routed v6 prefix is ignored",
+			allowedIPs: []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "fd00:1234:5678:abcd::/64"},
+			ourV6Net:   ourV6Net,
+			wantV4:     "100.64.0.1",
+			wantV6:     "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "no v6 subnet configured",
+			allowedIPs: []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "fd00:1234:5678:abcd::1/128"},
+			ourV6Net:   netip.Prefix{},
+			wantV4:     "100.64.0.1",
+			wantV6:     "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "v4 /24 route is ignored",
+			allowedIPs: []string{"100.64.0.0/24", "100.64.0.1/32"},
+			ourV6Net:   ourV6Net,
+			wantV4:     "100.64.0.1",
+			wantV6:     "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			v4, v6 := overlayAddrsFromAllowedIPs(tt.allowedIPs, tt.ourV6Net)
+			if tt.wantV4 == "" {
+				assert.False(t, v4.IsValid(), "expected no v4")
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.wantV4, v4.String(), "v4")
+			}
+			if tt.wantV6 == "" {
+				assert.False(t, v6.IsValid(), "expected no v6")
+			} else {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.wantV6, v6.String(), "v6")
+			}
+		})
+	}
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/engine_tunsettings.go b/client/internal/engine_tunsettings.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34a59671a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/engine_tunsettings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package internal
+
+func (e *Engine) TunSettings() ([]string, []string) {
+	e.syncMsgMux.Lock()
+	routeManager := e.routeManager
+	dnsServer := e.dnsServer
+	e.syncMsgMux.Unlock()
+
+	var routes []string
+	if routeManager != nil {
+		routes = routeManager.CurrentRouteRange()
+	}
+
+	var searchDomains []string
+	if dnsServer != nil {
+		searchDomains = dnsServer.SearchDomains()
+	}
+
+	return routes, searchDomains
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/getent/cgo_unix.go b/client/internal/getent/cgo_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2853aafff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/getent/cgo_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//go:build cgo && !osusergo && !windows
+
+package getent
+
+import "os/user"
+
+// Built with cgo, os/user resolves through libc (getpwnam_r and friends),
+// which goes through the host's NSS stack natively. Whatever it fails to
+// find, the getent command would not find either, so there is nothing to
+// fall back to.
+
+// LookupUser looks up a user by name.
+func LookupUser(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+	return user.Lookup(username)
+}
+
+// LookupUserID looks up a user by UID.
+func LookupUserID(uid string) (*user.User, error) {
+	return user.LookupId(uid)
+}
+
+// CurrentUser returns the user this process runs as.
+func CurrentUser() (*user.User, error) {
+	return user.Current()
+}
+
+// LookupGroupID looks up a group by GID.
+func LookupGroupID(gid string) (*user.Group, error) {
+	return user.LookupGroupId(gid)
+}
+
+// GroupIDs returns the IDs of the groups the user is a member of; libc's
+// getgrouplist handles NSS groups natively.
+func GroupIDs(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
+	return u.GroupIds()
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/getent/getent.go b/client/internal/getent/getent.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9cfebe64b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/getent/getent.go
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Package getent resolves users and groups through the host's NSS stack.
+// Built without cgo, os/user reads /etc/passwd and /etc/group alone and misses
+// anything LDAP, SSSD or winbind provide; the getent and id commands resolve
+// through NSS whatever the build. The lookups here try the standard library
+// first, which needs no subprocess, and fall back to those commands.
+package getent
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/getent_test.go b/client/internal/getent/getent_test.go
similarity index 53%
rename from client/ssh/server/getent_test.go
rename to client/internal/getent/getent_test.go
index 5eac2fdbe..8176eba36 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/getent_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/getent/getent_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-package server
+package getent
 
 import (
 	"os/user"
@@ -10,38 +10,48 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestLookupWithGetent_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
+func TestLookupUser_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	// The current user should always be resolvable on any platform
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	u, err := lookupWithGetent(current.Username)
+	u, err := LookupUser(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Username, u.Username)
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Uid, u.Uid)
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Gid, u.Gid)
 }
 
-func TestLookupWithGetent_NonexistentUser(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := lookupWithGetent("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
+func TestLookupUser_NonexistentUser(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := LookupUser("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
 	require.Error(t, err, "should fail for nonexistent user")
 }
 
-func TestCurrentUserWithGetent(t *testing.T) {
+func TestLookupUserID_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
+	current, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	u, err := LookupUserID(current.Uid)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, current.Username, u.Username)
+	assert.Equal(t, current.Uid, u.Uid)
+}
+
+func TestCurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	stdUser, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	u, err := currentUserWithGetent()
+	u, err := CurrentUser()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, stdUser.Uid, u.Uid)
 	assert.Equal(t, stdUser.Username, u.Username)
 }
 
-func TestGroupIdsWithFallback_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
+func TestGroupIDs_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	groups, err := groupIdsWithFallback(current)
+	groups, err := GroupIDs(current)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, groups, "current user should have at least one group")
 
@@ -53,32 +63,30 @@ func TestGroupIdsWithFallback_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestGetShellFromGetent_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		// Windows stub always returns empty, which is correct
-		shell := getShellFromGetent("1000")
-		assert.Empty(t, shell, "Windows stub should return empty")
-		return
-	}
-
+func TestUserShell_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	// getent may not be available on all systems (e.g., macOS without Homebrew getent)
-	shell := getShellFromGetent(current.Uid)
+	// getent may not be available on all systems (e.g., macOS without
+	// Homebrew getent), and Windows has no login shells at all.
+	shell, err := UserShell(current.Uid)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Logf("UserShell failed, getent may not be available: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
 	if shell == "" {
-		t.Log("getShellFromGetent returned empty, getent may not be available")
+		t.Log("UserShell returned empty, the user has no shell set")
 		return
 	}
 	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
 }
 
-func TestLookupWithGetent_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
+func TestLookupUser_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("no root user on Windows")
 	}
 
-	u, err := lookupWithGetent("root")
+	u, err := LookupUser("root")
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Skip("root user not available on this system")
 	}
@@ -86,25 +94,25 @@ func TestLookupWithGetent_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TestIntegration_FullLookupChain exercises the complete user lookup chain
-// against the real system, testing that all wrappers (lookupWithGetent,
-// currentUserWithGetent, groupIdsWithFallback, getShellFromGetent) produce
-// consistent and correct results when composed together.
+// against the real system, testing that all wrappers (LookupUser,
+// CurrentUser, GroupIDs, UserShell) produce consistent and correct results
+// when composed together.
 func TestIntegration_FullLookupChain(t *testing.T) {
-	// Step 1: currentUserWithGetent must resolve the running user.
-	current, err := currentUserWithGetent()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "currentUserWithGetent must resolve the running user")
+	// Step 1: CurrentUser must resolve the running user.
+	current, err := CurrentUser()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "CurrentUser must resolve the running user")
 	require.NotEmpty(t, current.Uid)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, current.Username)
 
-	// Step 2: lookupWithGetent by the same username must return matching identity.
-	byName, err := lookupWithGetent(current.Username)
+	// Step 2: LookupUser by the same username must return matching identity.
+	byName, err := LookupUser(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Uid, byName.Uid, "lookup by name should return same UID")
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Gid, byName.Gid, "lookup by name should return same GID")
 	assert.Equal(t, current.HomeDir, byName.HomeDir, "lookup by name should return same home")
 
-	// Step 3: groupIdsWithFallback must return at least the primary GID.
-	groups, err := groupIdsWithFallback(current)
+	// Step 3: GroupIDs must return at least the primary GID.
+	groups, err := GroupIDs(current)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, groups, "user must have at least one group")
 
@@ -119,29 +127,20 @@ func TestIntegration_FullLookupChain(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	assert.True(t, foundPrimary, "primary GID %s should appear in supplementary groups", current.Gid)
-
-	// Step 4: getShellFromGetent should either return a valid shell path or empty
-	// (empty is OK when getent is not available, e.g. macOS without Homebrew getent).
-	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
-		shell := getShellFromGetent(current.Uid)
-		if shell != "" {
-			assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
-		}
-	}
 }
 
 // TestIntegration_LookupAndGroupsConsistency verifies that a user resolved via
-// lookupWithGetent can have their groups resolved via groupIdsWithFallback,
-// testing the handoff between the two functions as used by the SSH server.
+// LookupUser can have their groups resolved via GroupIDs, testing the handoff
+// between the two functions as used by the SSH server.
 func TestIntegration_LookupAndGroupsConsistency(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Simulate the SSH server flow: lookup user, then get their groups.
-	resolved, err := lookupWithGetent(current.Username)
+	resolved, err := LookupUser(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	groups, err := groupIdsWithFallback(resolved)
+	groups, err := GroupIDs(resolved)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, groups, "resolved user must have groups")
 
@@ -154,19 +153,3 @@ func TestIntegration_LookupAndGroupsConsistency(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-// TestIntegration_ShellLookupChain tests the full shell resolution chain
-// (getShellFromPasswd -> getShellFromGetent -> $SHELL -> default) on Unix.
-func TestIntegration_ShellLookupChain(t *testing.T) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		t.Skip("Unix shell lookup not applicable on Windows")
-	}
-
-	current, err := user.Current()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	// getUserShell is the top-level function used by the SSH server.
-	shell := getUserShell(current.Uid)
-	require.NotEmpty(t, shell, "getUserShell must always return a shell")
-	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/getent/nocgo_unix.go b/client/internal/getent/nocgo_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94d8ea6a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/getent/nocgo_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+//go:build (!cgo || osusergo) && !windows
+
+package getent
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"strconv"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// Without cgo, os/user only reads /etc/passwd and /etc/group and misses
+// NSS-provided users and groups; the getent and id commands go through the
+// host's NSS stack.
+
+// LookupUser looks up a user by name, falling back to getent if os/user fails.
+func LookupUser(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+	u, err := user.Lookup(username)
+	if err == nil {
+		return u, nil
+	}
+
+	stdErr := err
+	log.Debugf("os/user.Lookup(%q) failed, trying getent: %v", username, err)
+
+	u, _, getentErr := passwdLookup(username)
+	if getentErr != nil {
+		log.Debugf("getent fallback for %q also failed: %v", username, getentErr)
+		return nil, stdErr
+	}
+	return u, nil
+}
+
+// LookupUserID looks up a user by UID, falling back to getent if os/user fails.
+func LookupUserID(uid string) (*user.User, error) {
+	u, err := user.LookupId(uid)
+	if err == nil {
+		return u, nil
+	}
+
+	stdErr := err
+	log.Debugf("os/user.LookupId(%q) failed, trying getent: %v", uid, err)
+
+	u, _, getentErr := passwdLookup(uid)
+	if getentErr != nil {
+		log.Debugf("getent fallback for uid %s also failed: %v", uid, getentErr)
+		return nil, stdErr
+	}
+	return u, nil
+}
+
+// CurrentUser returns the user this process runs as, falling back to getent
+// if os/user fails.
+func CurrentUser() (*user.User, error) {
+	u, err := user.Current()
+	if err == nil {
+		return u, nil
+	}
+
+	stdErr := err
+	uid := strconv.Itoa(os.Getuid())
+	log.Debugf("os/user.Current() failed, trying getent with UID %s: %v", uid, err)
+
+	u, _, getentErr := passwdLookup(uid)
+	if getentErr != nil {
+		return nil, stdErr
+	}
+	return u, nil
+}
+
+// LookupGroupID looks up a group by GID, falling back to getent if os/user
+// fails.
+func LookupGroupID(gid string) (*user.Group, error) {
+	g, err := user.LookupGroupId(gid)
+	if err == nil {
+		return g, nil
+	}
+
+	stdErr := err
+	log.Debugf("os/user.LookupGroupId(%q) failed, trying getent: %v", gid, err)
+
+	g, _, getentErr := groupLookup(gid)
+	if getentErr != nil {
+		log.Debugf("getent fallback for gid %s also failed: %v", gid, getentErr)
+		return nil, stdErr
+	}
+	return g, nil
+}
+
+// GroupIDs returns the IDs of the groups the user is a member of.
+// NOTE: unlike the lookups above, which try the standard library first, this
+// intentionally tries `id -G` first because without cgo, user.GroupIds only
+// reads /etc/group and silently returns incomplete results for NSS users
+// (no error, just missing groups). The id command goes through NSS and
+// returns the full set.
+func GroupIDs(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
+	ids, err := idGroups(u.Username)
+	if err == nil {
+		return ids, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("id -G %q failed, falling back to user.GroupIds(): %v", u.Username, err)
+
+	ids, stdErr := u.GroupIds()
+	if stdErr != nil {
+		return nil, stdErr
+	}
+	return ids, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/getent/unix.go b/client/internal/getent/unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d29810f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/getent/unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package getent
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const commandTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// groupFile lists which accounts are in which group, for hosts where the
+// getent command is not available (macOS ships without it).
+const groupFile = "/etc/group"
+
+// UserShell returns the login shell getent reports for the user with this UID.
+// It reaches shells that /etc/passwd does not list, because getent resolves
+// through the host's NSS stack.
+func UserShell(uid string) (string, error) {
+	_, shell, err := passwdLookup(uid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return shell, nil
+}
+
+// GroupMembers returns the names of the group's members: from getent, which
+// resolves through NSS, or from /etc/group where getent is not available. A
+// group neither source describes is an error; an empty member list is not,
+// since accounts with the group as their primary one are not listed in it.
+func GroupMembers(name string) ([]string, error) {
+	_, members, err := groupLookup(name)
+	if err == nil {
+		return members, nil
+	}
+	log.Debugf("getent cannot list group %q, reading %s: %v", name, groupFile, err)
+	return groupMembersFromFile(groupFile, name)
+}
+
+// passwdLookup executes `getent passwd <query>`, where query is a username or
+// UID, and returns the user and login shell.
+func passwdLookup(query string) (*user.User, string, error) {
+	out, err := run("passwd", query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	return parsePasswd(string(out))
+}
+
+// groupLookup executes `getent group <query>`, where query is a group name or
+// GID, and returns the group and its member names.
+func groupLookup(query string) (*user.Group, []string, error) {
+	out, err := run("group", query)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return parseGroup(string(out))
+}
+
+// run executes `getent <database> <key>` with a timeout.
+func run(database, key string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if !validateInput(key) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid getent input: %q", key)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), commandTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "getent", database, key).Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("getent %s %s: %w", database, key, err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// parsePasswd parses getent passwd output: "name:x:uid:gid:gecos:home:shell"
+func parsePasswd(output string) (*user.User, string, error) {
+	fields := strings.SplitN(strings.TrimSpace(output), ":", 8)
+	if len(fields) < 6 {
+		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected getent output (need 6+ fields): %q", output)
+	}
+
+	if fields[0] == "" || fields[2] == "" || fields[3] == "" {
+		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("missing required fields in getent output: %q", output)
+	}
+
+	var shell string
+	if len(fields) >= 7 {
+		shell = fields[6]
+	}
+
+	return &user.User{
+		Username: fields[0],
+		Uid:      fields[2],
+		Gid:      fields[3],
+		Name:     fields[4],
+		HomeDir:  fields[5],
+	}, shell, nil
+}
+
+// parseGroup parses getent group output: "name:x:gid:member,member"
+func parseGroup(output string) (*user.Group, []string, error) {
+	fields := strings.SplitN(strings.TrimSpace(output), ":", 4)
+	if len(fields) < 3 {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected getent output (need 3+ fields): %q", output)
+	}
+
+	if fields[0] == "" || fields[2] == "" {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("missing required fields in getent output: %q", output)
+	}
+
+	var members []string
+	if len(fields) >= 4 {
+		members = splitMembers(fields[3])
+	}
+	return &user.Group{Name: fields[0], Gid: fields[2]}, members, nil
+}
+
+func splitMembers(list string) []string {
+	var members []string
+	for member := range strings.SplitSeq(list, ",") {
+		if member != "" {
+			members = append(members, member)
+		}
+	}
+	return members
+}
+
+// groupMembersFromFile finds the group's member list in a file of /etc/group's
+// format. A group the file does not describe, because it comes from LDAP or
+// another NSS source, is an error rather than an empty list.
+func groupMembersFromFile(path, name string) ([]string, error) {
+	file, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close %s: %v", path, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		// name:password:gid:member,member
+		fields := strings.Split(scanner.Text(), ":")
+		if len(fields) < 4 || fields[0] != name {
+			continue
+		}
+		return splitMembers(fields[3]), nil
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s does not describe group %q", path, name)
+}
+
+// validateInput checks that the input is safe to pass to getent or id.
+// Allows POSIX usernames, numeric IDs, and common NSS extensions
+// (@ for Kerberos, $ for Samba, + for NIS compat). A leading hyphen is
+// rejected so the input can never be parsed as a command-line flag.
+func validateInput(input string) bool {
+	maxLen := 32
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		maxLen = 256
+	}
+
+	if len(input) == 0 || len(input) > maxLen {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if input[0] == '-' {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range input {
+		if isAllowedChar(r) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func isAllowedChar(r rune) bool {
+	if r >= 'a' && r <= 'z' || r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z' || r >= '0' && r <= '9' {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch r {
+	case '.', '_', '-', '@', '+', '$':
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// idGroups runs `id -G <username>` and returns the space-separated group IDs.
+func idGroups(username string) ([]string, error) {
+	if !validateInput(username) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid username for id command: %q", username)
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), commandTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "id", "-G", username).Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("id -G %s: %w", username, err)
+	}
+
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+	if trimmed == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("id -G %s: empty output", username)
+	}
+	return strings.Fields(trimmed), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/getent_unix_test.go b/client/internal/getent/unix_test.go
similarity index 62%
rename from client/ssh/server/getent_unix_test.go
rename to client/internal/getent/unix_test.go
index e44563b79..5ab100ce5 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/getent_unix_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/getent/unix_test.go
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 //go:build !windows
 
-package server
+package getent
 
 import (
+	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"testing"
@@ -13,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestParseGetentPasswd(t *testing.T) {
+func TestParsePasswd(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name        string
 		input       string
@@ -128,7 +130,7 @@ func TestParseGetentPasswd(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			u, shell, err := parseGetentPasswd(tt.input)
+			u, shell, err := parsePasswd(tt.input)
 			if tt.wantErr {
 				require.Error(t, err)
 				if tt.errContains != "" {
@@ -147,7 +149,120 @@ func TestParseGetentPasswd(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestValidateGetentInput(t *testing.T) {
+func TestParseGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		input       string
+		wantGroup   *user.Group
+		wantMembers []string
+		wantErr     bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "no members",
+			input:     "vma:x:1000:\n",
+			wantGroup: &user.Group{Name: "vma", Gid: "1000"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "one member",
+			input:       "sudo:x:27:alice",
+			wantGroup:   &user.Group{Name: "sudo", Gid: "27"},
+			wantMembers: []string{"alice"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "several members",
+			input:       "docker:x:998:alice,bob\n",
+			wantGroup:   &user.Group{Name: "docker", Gid: "998"},
+			wantMembers: []string{"alice", "bob"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "too few fields",
+			input:   "bad:x",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty group name",
+			input:   ":x:1000:alice",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty GID",
+			input:   "vma:x::alice",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty input",
+			input:   "",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			g, members, err := parseGroup(tt.input)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantGroup.Name, g.Name, "group name")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantGroup.Gid, g.Gid, "GID")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantMembers, members, "members")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGroupMembersFromFile(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		entry string
+		want  []string
+	}{
+		{name: "no members", entry: "vma:x:1000:"},
+		{name: "only the owner", entry: "vma:x:1000:vma", want: []string{"vma"}},
+		{name: "two members", entry: "vma:x:1000:vma,bob", want: []string{"vma", "bob"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "group")
+			body := "root:x:0:\n" + tt.entry + "\nsudo:x:27:vma\n"
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte(body), 0o644), "write the group file")
+
+			members, err := groupMembersFromFile(path, "vma")
+			require.NoError(t, err, "entry %q", tt.entry)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, members, "entry %q", tt.entry)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// A group the file does not describe, because it comes from LDAP or another
+// NSS source, is an error rather than an empty member list: the caller must
+// be able to tell "no members" from "no answer".
+func TestGroupMembersFromFileUnknownGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "group")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("root:x:0:\n"), 0o644), "write the group file")
+
+	_, err := groupMembersFromFile(path, "vma")
+	assert.Error(t, err, "a group the file does not describe")
+
+	_, err = groupMembersFromFile(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "absent"), "vma")
+	assert.Error(t, err, "no group file at all")
+}
+
+// GroupMembers on the root group, which every Unix has, whichever source
+// answers for it.
+func TestGroupMembers_RootGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	rootGroup := "root"
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin", "dragonfly", "freebsd", "netbsd", "openbsd":
+		rootGroup = "wheel"
+	}
+
+	_, err := GroupMembers(rootGroup)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "the %s group must be describable", rootGroup)
+}
+
+func TestValidateInput(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name  string
 		input string
@@ -157,6 +272,9 @@ func TestValidateGetentInput(t *testing.T) {
 		{"numeric UID", "1001", true},
 		{"dots and underscores", "alice.bob_test", true},
 		{"hyphen", "alice-bob", true},
+		{"leading hyphen rejected", "-i", false},
+		{"leading double hyphen rejected", "--no-idn", false},
+		{"lone hyphen rejected", "-", false},
 		{"kerberos principal", "user@REALM", true},
 		{"samba machine account", "MACHINE$", true},
 		{"NIS compat", "+user", true},
@@ -177,7 +295,7 @@ func TestValidateGetentInput(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, validateGetentInput(tt.input))
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, validateInput(tt.input))
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -190,12 +308,12 @@ func makeLongString(n int) string {
 	return string(b)
 }
 
-func TestRunGetent_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
+func TestPasswdLookup_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err != nil {
 		t.Skip("getent not available on this system")
 	}
 
-	u, shell, err := runGetent("root")
+	u, shell, err := passwdLookup("root")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "root", u.Username)
 	assert.Equal(t, "0", u.Uid)
@@ -203,44 +321,55 @@ func TestRunGetent_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotEmpty(t, shell, "root should have a shell")
 }
 
-func TestRunGetent_ByUID(t *testing.T) {
+func TestPasswdLookup_ByUID(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err != nil {
 		t.Skip("getent not available on this system")
 	}
 
-	u, _, err := runGetent("0")
+	u, _, err := passwdLookup("0")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "root", u.Username)
 	assert.Equal(t, "0", u.Uid)
 }
 
-func TestRunGetent_NonexistentUser(t *testing.T) {
+func TestPasswdLookup_NonexistentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err != nil {
 		t.Skip("getent not available on this system")
 	}
 
-	_, _, err := runGetent("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
+	_, _, err := passwdLookup("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
-func TestRunGetent_InvalidInput(t *testing.T) {
-	_, _, err := runGetent("")
+func TestPasswdLookup_InvalidInput(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := passwdLookup("")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 
-	_, _, err = runGetent("user\x00name")
+	_, _, err = passwdLookup("user\x00name")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
-func TestRunGetent_NotAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+func TestPasswdLookup_NotAvailable(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err == nil {
 		t.Skip("getent is available, can't test missing case")
 	}
 
-	_, _, err := runGetent("root")
+	_, _, err := passwdLookup("root")
 	assert.Error(t, err, "should fail when getent is not installed")
 }
 
-func TestRunIdGroups_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
+func TestGroupLookup_RootGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("getent not available on this system")
+	}
+
+	g, _, err := groupLookup("0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "0", g.Gid, "GID 0 resolves to the root group")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, g.Name, "the root group has a name")
+}
+
+func TestIdGroups_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("id"); err != nil {
 		t.Skip("id not available on this system")
 	}
@@ -248,7 +377,7 @@ func TestRunIdGroups_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	groups, err := runIdGroups(current.Username)
+	groups, err := idGroups(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, groups, "current user should have at least one group")
 
@@ -258,20 +387,20 @@ func TestRunIdGroups_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestRunIdGroups_NonexistentUser(t *testing.T) {
+func TestIdGroups_NonexistentUser(t *testing.T) {
 	if _, err := exec.LookPath("id"); err != nil {
 		t.Skip("id not available on this system")
 	}
 
-	_, err := runIdGroups("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
+	_, err := idGroups("nonexistent_user_xyzzy_12345")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
-func TestRunIdGroups_InvalidInput(t *testing.T) {
-	_, err := runIdGroups("")
+func TestIdGroups_InvalidInput(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := idGroups("")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 
-	_, err = runIdGroups("user\x00name")
+	_, err = idGroups("user\x00name")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
@@ -283,7 +412,7 @@ func TestGetentResultsMatchStdlib(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	getentUser, _, err := runGetent(current.Username)
+	getentUser, _, err := passwdLookup(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Username, getentUser.Username, "username should match")
@@ -300,7 +429,7 @@ func TestGetentResultsMatchStdlib_ByUID(t *testing.T) {
 	current, err := user.Current()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	getentUser, _, err := runGetent(current.Uid)
+	getentUser, _, err := passwdLookup(current.Uid)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, current.Username, getentUser.Username, "username should match when looked up by UID")
@@ -320,12 +449,12 @@ func TestIdGroupsMatchStdlib(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Skip("os/user.GroupIds() not working, likely CGO_ENABLED=0")
 	}
 
-	idGroups, err := runIdGroups(current.Username)
+	idGroupIDs, err := idGroups(current.Username)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Deduplicate both lists: id -G can return duplicates (e.g., root in Docker)
 	// and ElementsMatch treats duplicates as distinct.
-	assert.ElementsMatch(t, uniqueStrings(stdGroups), uniqueStrings(idGroups), "id -G should return same groups as os/user")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, uniqueStrings(stdGroups), uniqueStrings(idGroupIDs), "id -G should return same groups as os/user")
 }
 
 func uniqueStrings(ss []string) []string {
@@ -340,71 +469,3 @@ func uniqueStrings(ss []string) []string {
 	}
 	return out
 }
-
-// TestGetShellFromPasswd_CurrentUser verifies that getShellFromPasswd correctly
-// reads the current user's shell from /etc/passwd by comparing it against what
-// getent reports (which goes through NSS).
-func TestGetShellFromPasswd_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
-	current, err := user.Current()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	shell := getShellFromPasswd(current.Uid)
-	if shell == "" {
-		t.Skip("current user not found in /etc/passwd (may be an NSS-only user)")
-	}
-
-	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
-
-	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err == nil {
-		_, getentShell, getentErr := runGetent(current.Uid)
-		if getentErr == nil && getentShell != "" {
-			assert.Equal(t, getentShell, shell, "shell from /etc/passwd should match getent")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// TestGetShellFromPasswd_RootUser verifies that getShellFromPasswd can read
-// root's shell from /etc/passwd. Root is guaranteed to be in /etc/passwd on
-// any standard Unix system.
-func TestGetShellFromPasswd_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
-	shell := getShellFromPasswd("0")
-	require.NotEmpty(t, shell, "root (UID 0) must be in /etc/passwd")
-	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "root shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
-}
-
-// TestGetShellFromPasswd_NonexistentUID verifies that getShellFromPasswd
-// returns empty for a UID that doesn't exist in /etc/passwd.
-func TestGetShellFromPasswd_NonexistentUID(t *testing.T) {
-	shell := getShellFromPasswd("4294967294")
-	assert.Empty(t, shell, "nonexistent UID should return empty shell")
-}
-
-// TestGetShellFromPasswd_MatchesGetentForKnownUsers reads /etc/passwd directly
-// and cross-validates every entry against getent to ensure parseGetentPasswd
-// and getShellFromPasswd agree on shell values.
-func TestGetShellFromPasswd_MatchesGetentForKnownUsers(t *testing.T) {
-	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err != nil {
-		t.Skip("getent not available")
-	}
-
-	// Pick a few well-known system UIDs that are virtually always in /etc/passwd.
-	uids := []string{"0"} // root
-
-	current, err := user.Current()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	uids = append(uids, current.Uid)
-
-	for _, uid := range uids {
-		passwdShell := getShellFromPasswd(uid)
-		if passwdShell == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		_, getentShell, err := runGetent(uid)
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		assert.Equal(t, getentShell, passwdShell, "shell mismatch for UID %s", uid)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/getent/windows.go b/client/internal/getent/windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61881d162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/getent/windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package getent
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os/user"
+)
+
+// Windows does not use NSS or getent; os/user resolves accounts there
+// without cgo, so everything delegates to it.
+
+// LookupUser looks up a user by name.
+func LookupUser(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+	return user.Lookup(username)
+}
+
+// LookupUserID looks up a user by UID.
+func LookupUserID(uid string) (*user.User, error) {
+	return user.LookupId(uid)
+}
+
+// CurrentUser returns the user this process runs as.
+func CurrentUser() (*user.User, error) {
+	return user.Current()
+}
+
+// GroupIDs returns the IDs of the groups the user is a member of.
+func GroupIDs(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
+	return u.GroupIds()
+}
+
+// UserShell is unanswerable on Windows, which has no login-shell database.
+func UserShell(string) (string, error) {
+	return "", errors.ErrUnsupported
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/iface_common.go b/client/internal/iface_common.go
index 39e9bacfa..8ffa0b102 100644
--- a/client/internal/iface_common.go
+++ b/client/internal/iface_common.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ type wgIfaceBase interface {
 	Address() wgaddr.Address
 	ToInterface() *net.Interface
 	Up() (*udpmux.UniversalUDPMuxDefault, error)
-	UpdateAddr(newAddr string) error
+	UpdateAddr(newAddr wgaddr.Address) error
 	GetProxy() wgproxy.Proxy
 	GetProxyPort() uint16
 	UpdatePeer(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix, keepAlive time.Duration, endpoint *net.UDPAddr, preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key) error
@@ -44,4 +44,5 @@ type wgIfaceBase interface {
 	FullStats() (*configurer.Stats, error)
 	LastActivities() map[string]monotime.Time
 	SetPresharedKey(peerKey string, psk wgtypes.Key, updateOnly bool) error
+	MTU() uint16
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/ingressgw/manager.go b/client/internal/ingressgw/manager.go
index b8952e5c0..605543d1c 100644
--- a/client/internal/ingressgw/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/ingressgw/manager.go
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ type RulePair struct {
 type Manager struct {
 	dnatFirewall DNATFirewall
 
-	rules   map[string]RulePair // keys is the ID of the ForwardRule
+	rules   map[firewall.RuleID]RulePair
 	rulesMu sync.Mutex
 }
 
 func NewManager(dnatFirewall DNATFirewall) *Manager {
 	return &Manager{
 		dnatFirewall: dnatFirewall,
-		rules:        make(map[string]RulePair),
+		rules:        make(map[firewall.RuleID]RulePair),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func (h *Manager) Update(forwardRules []firewall.ForwardRule) error {
 
 	var mErr *multierror.Error
 
-	toDelete := make(map[string]RulePair, len(h.rules))
+	toDelete := make(map[firewall.RuleID]RulePair, len(h.rules))
 	for id, r := range h.rules {
 		toDelete[id] = r
 	}
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ func (h *Manager) Update(forwardRules []firewall.ForwardRule) error {
 			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("add forward rule '%s': %v", fwdRule.String(), err))
 			continue
 		}
+		if rule == nil {
+			mErr = multierror.Append(mErr, fmt.Errorf("add forward rule '%s': backend returned no rule", fwdRule.String()))
+			continue
+		}
 		log.Infof("forward rule has been added '%s'", fwdRule)
 		h.rules[id] = RulePair{
 			ForwardRule: fwdRule,
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ func (h *Manager) Close() error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	h.rules = make(map[string]RulePair)
+	h.rules = make(map[firewall.RuleID]RulePair)
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(mErr)
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/ingressgw/manager_test.go b/client/internal/ingressgw/manager_test.go
index 591ea0dd8..0cd40fcc4 100644
--- a/client/internal/ingressgw/manager_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/ingressgw/manager_test.go
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ var (
 )
 
 type MocFwRule struct {
-	id string
+	id firewall.RuleID
 }
 
-func (m *MocFwRule) ID() string {
-	return string(m.id)
+func (m *MocFwRule) ID() firewall.RuleID {
+	return m.id
 }
 
 type MockDNATFirewall struct {
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/creds_stub.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/creds_stub.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..154948716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/creds_stub.go
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//go:build !linux && !darwin && !freebsd && !windows
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+)
+
+// errUnsupported is returned on platforms with no local peer-identity
+// primitive, so consumers fail closed instead of guessing an identity.
+var errUnsupported = errors.New("peer identity is not available on this platform")
+
+// NewTransportCredentials returns nil: without a peer-identity primitive the
+// daemon cannot authenticate local callers, and the caller must treat that as
+// "authorization cannot be enforced".
+func NewTransportCredentials() credentials.TransportCredentials {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// PeerIdentity always fails on this platform.
+func PeerIdentity(net.Conn) (Identity, error) {
+	return Identity{}, errUnsupported
+}
+
+// ConnIdentity always fails on this platform.
+func ConnIdentity(net.Conn) (Identity, error) {
+	return Identity{}, errUnsupported
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/creds_unix.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/creds_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..688fe4623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/creds_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//go:build linux || darwin || freebsd
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+)
+
+// NewTransportCredentials returns gRPC transport credentials that expose the
+// caller's kernel-authenticated identity via IdentityFromContext. It returns
+// nil on platforms that have no peer-identity primitive, which the caller must
+// treat as "authorization cannot be enforced".
+//
+// The handshake exchanges no bytes on the wire, so a client dialing with
+// insecure credentials interoperates with a server using these. That keeps
+// older CLI and UI binaries working against an upgraded daemon.
+func NewTransportCredentials() credentials.TransportCredentials {
+	return unixCreds{}
+}
+
+// ConnIdentity extracts the caller's identity from an accepted local IPC
+// connection. It is shared by the gRPC transport credentials and by the JSON
+// gateway, which reads the identity of its own HTTP clients.
+func ConnIdentity(conn net.Conn) (Identity, error) {
+	return PeerIdentity(conn)
+}
+
+type unixCreds struct{}
+
+func (unixCreds) ClientHandshake(_ context.Context, _ string, conn net.Conn) (net.Conn, credentials.AuthInfo, error) {
+	return conn, AuthInfo{}, nil
+}
+
+// ServerHandshake extracts the peer identity and fails closed when it cannot
+// be read, so a connection whose caller is unknown never reaches a handler.
+func (unixCreds) ServerHandshake(conn net.Conn) (net.Conn, credentials.AuthInfo, error) {
+	id, err := ConnIdentity(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return conn, AuthInfo{
+		CommonAuthInfo: credentials.CommonAuthInfo{SecurityLevel: credentials.NoSecurity},
+		Identity:       id,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (unixCreds) Info() credentials.ProtocolInfo {
+	return credentials.ProtocolInfo{SecurityProtocol: AuthInfo{}.AuthType()}
+}
+
+func (unixCreds) Clone() credentials.TransportCredentials { return unixCreds{} }
+
+func (unixCreds) OverrideServerName(string) error { return nil }
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/creds_windows.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/creds_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37f902c52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/creds_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"runtime"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+)
+
+var (
+	modadvapi32                    = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("advapi32.dll")
+	procImpersonateNamedPipeClient = modadvapi32.NewProc("ImpersonateNamedPipeClient")
+)
+
+// DefaultPipeSDDL is the security descriptor for the daemon control pipe.
+//
+//	D:P          protected DACL, no inheritance
+//	(A;;GA;;;SY) allow GENERIC_ALL to LocalSystem (the daemon's service account)
+//	(A;;GA;;;WD) allow GENERIC_ALL to Everyone
+//
+// Any local caller may connect, as with a Unix socket at 0666; what a caller may
+// actually do is decided from its token, not from the DACL. Remote callers are not
+// a concern here: winio.ListenPipe creates the pipe with
+// FILE_PIPE_REJECT_REMOTE_CLIENTS, so NPFS rejects connections from other machines
+// before the descriptor is consulted.
+//
+// A deny ACE on the NETWORK SID would not add anything and would break callers:
+// that SID is present in any network-logon token, which includes OpenSSH and WinRM
+// sessions, so it denies administrators driving the CLI over SSH and denies the
+// daemon itself when started from such a session.
+func DefaultPipeSDDL() string {
+	return "D:P(A;;GA;;;SY)(A;;GA;;;WD)"
+}
+
+// NewTransportCredentials returns gRPC transport credentials that derive the
+// caller's identity from the named-pipe client token.
+//
+// The client must connect at SECURITY_IDENTIFICATION for the daemon to be able
+// to read its token, which is what DialNamedPipe does.
+func NewTransportCredentials() credentials.TransportCredentials {
+	return winpipeCreds{}
+}
+
+// ConnIdentity extracts the caller's identity from an accepted named-pipe
+// connection by impersonating the pipe client and reading its token. It is
+// shared by the gRPC transport credentials and by the JSON gateway, which
+// reads the identity of its own HTTP clients.
+func ConnIdentity(conn net.Conn) (Identity, error) {
+	// go-winio's pipe connection embeds *win32File, which exposes Fd().
+	fdConn, ok := conn.(interface{ Fd() uintptr })
+	if !ok {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("connection %T does not expose a pipe handle", conn)
+	}
+	return pipeClientIdentity(windows.Handle(fdConn.Fd()))
+}
+
+type winpipeCreds struct{}
+
+func (winpipeCreds) ClientHandshake(_ context.Context, _ string, conn net.Conn) (net.Conn, credentials.AuthInfo, error) {
+	return conn, AuthInfo{}, nil
+}
+
+// ServerHandshake extracts the connecting client's identity and fails closed
+// when the handle or token cannot be read, so a connection whose caller is
+// unknown never reaches a handler.
+func (winpipeCreds) ServerHandshake(conn net.Conn) (net.Conn, credentials.AuthInfo, error) {
+	id, err := ConnIdentity(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return conn, AuthInfo{
+		CommonAuthInfo: credentials.CommonAuthInfo{SecurityLevel: credentials.NoSecurity},
+		Identity:       id,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (winpipeCreds) Info() credentials.ProtocolInfo {
+	return credentials.ProtocolInfo{SecurityProtocol: AuthInfo{}.AuthType()}
+}
+
+func (winpipeCreds) Clone() credentials.TransportCredentials { return winpipeCreds{} }
+
+func (winpipeCreds) OverrideServerName(string) error { return nil }
+
+// pipeClientIdentity reads the connecting client's user SID, usable group
+// SIDs, and elevation state by impersonating the pipe client on this thread
+// and reading the resulting impersonation token.
+func pipeClientIdentity(handle windows.Handle) (id Identity, err error) {
+	// Impersonation is per-thread, so the goroutine must stay on this thread
+	// until RevertToSelf, otherwise an unrelated goroutine could inherit the
+	// impersonated context.
+	runtime.LockOSThread()
+
+	// The thread only goes back to the runtime's pool once it is provably no
+	// longer impersonating the client. If the revert fails, leaving it locked
+	// makes Go terminate it when this goroutine exits, which costs one thread
+	// and keeps a thread running as the client from ever being reused.
+	clean := false
+	defer func() {
+		if clean {
+			runtime.UnlockOSThread()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err = impersonateNamedPipeClient(handle); err != nil {
+		clean = true
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("impersonate named pipe client: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		// Surface the revert failure only when nothing else failed: leaving
+		// the thread impersonated is worse than the original error.
+		revErr := windows.RevertToSelf()
+		if revErr != nil {
+			if err == nil {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("revert impersonation: %w", revErr)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		clean = true
+	}()
+
+	// openAsSelf=true opens the token with the daemon's own process context
+	// rather than the impersonated client's, so the open cannot fail because
+	// the client lacks access to its own token.
+	var token windows.Token
+	if err = windows.OpenThreadToken(windows.CurrentThread(), windows.TOKEN_QUERY, true, &token); err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("open thread token: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cerr := token.Close(); cerr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close client token: %v", cerr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return identityFromToken(token)
+}
+
+// identityFromToken reads the user SID, usable group SIDs and elevation state
+// out of a Windows token.
+func identityFromToken(token windows.Token) (Identity, error) {
+	user, err := token.GetTokenUser()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("read token user: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	groups, err := tokenGroupSIDs(token)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, err
+	}
+
+	return Identity{
+		SID:      user.User.Sid.String(),
+		Groups:   groups,
+		Elevated: token.IsElevated(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// tokenGroupSIDs returns the SIDs of the groups the token can actually
+// exercise. Groups that are disabled or marked deny-only are skipped: a
+// UAC-filtered administrator carries BUILTIN\Administrators as deny-only, and
+// treating that as membership would hand every admin account privilege it
+// cannot currently use.
+func tokenGroupSIDs(token windows.Token) ([]string, error) {
+	tg, err := token.GetTokenGroups()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read token groups: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var sids []string
+	for _, g := range tg.AllGroups() {
+		if g.Attributes&windows.SE_GROUP_ENABLED == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if g.Attributes&windows.SE_GROUP_USE_FOR_DENY_ONLY != 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		sids = append(sids, g.Sid.String())
+	}
+	return sids, nil
+}
+
+func impersonateNamedPipeClient(h windows.Handle) error {
+	r, _, e := procImpersonateNamedPipeClient.Call(uintptr(h))
+	if r == 0 {
+		return e
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/forward.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/forward.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57749528c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/forward.go
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/subtle"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+)
+
+// Metadata keys the local JSON gateway uses to forward the identity of its own
+// HTTP client to the daemon. The gateway runs inside the daemon process and
+// re-dials the daemon over the control socket, so without forwarding every
+// JSON request would appear to come from the daemon itself.
+const (
+	// mdFwd marks a request as forwarded by the JSON gateway. It is always
+	// set, even when the gateway could not read its client's identity, so the
+	// daemon can tell "no identity available" apart from "not forwarded".
+	mdFwd         = "x-netbird-fwd"
+	mdFwdUID      = "x-netbird-fwd-uid"      // Unix user ID
+	mdFwdGID      = "x-netbird-fwd-gid"      // Unix primary group ID
+	mdFwdSID      = "x-netbird-fwd-sid"      // Windows user SID
+	mdFwdGroup    = "x-netbird-fwd-group"    // Windows group SID, repeated
+	mdFwdElevated = "x-netbird-fwd-elevated" // Windows, "1" when elevated
+
+	// mdFwdProof proves the forwarded identity was stamped by this process. The
+	// gateway runs inside the daemon, so a secret held in memory is available to
+	// the only legitimate producer and to nothing else.
+	mdFwdProof = "x-netbird-fwd-proof"
+)
+
+// forwardKeys is every metadata key the gateway sets. An HTTP client must never
+// be able to supply one itself: see IsReservedForwardKey.
+var forwardKeys = []string{mdFwd, mdFwdUID, mdFwdGID, mdFwdSID, mdFwdGroup, mdFwdElevated, mdFwdProof}
+
+// forwardProof authenticates the gateway's forwarding metadata. It is generated
+// once per daemon process and never leaves it: it is not written to disk, not
+// logged, and not sent anywhere except over the daemon's own control socket to
+// itself.
+//
+// Without it, trusting a forwarded identity rests on every layer in front of it
+// stripping incoming forwarding keys, and on each key's value shape being
+// distinguishable from an injected one. A single injected group SID or an
+// injected "elevated" flag has the same shape as a legitimate one, so no
+// cardinality rule can catch it. Requiring the proof means metadata that did not
+// come from this process is refused whatever it contains.
+var forwardProof = mustForwardProof()
+
+func mustForwardProof() string {
+	var buf [32]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(buf[:]); err != nil {
+		// Continuing would leave the forwarded path authenticated by a
+		// predictable value, which is worse than not starting.
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("generate identity forwarding proof: %v", err))
+	}
+	return hex.EncodeToString(buf[:])
+}
+
+// IsReservedForwardKey reports whether a gRPC metadata key belongs to the
+// gateway's identity forwarding, and therefore must be dropped when it arrives
+// from outside.
+//
+// grpc-gateway maps "Grpc-Metadata-<key>" request headers into gRPC metadata and
+// joins them ahead of the values its own annotators add. Without dropping these,
+// an HTTP client could hand the daemon "x-netbird-fwd-uid: 0" and be believed,
+// because the daemon trusts forwarded metadata when the transport peer is the
+// (privileged) gateway.
+func IsReservedForwardKey(key string) bool {
+	key = strings.ToLower(key)
+	return slices.Contains(forwardKeys, key)
+}
+
+// ForwardIdentityMetadata encodes an HTTP client's identity for the JSON
+// gateway to forward to the daemon. When known is false only the marker is
+// set, which makes the daemon treat the caller as unidentified rather than as
+// the daemon itself.
+func ForwardIdentityMetadata(id Identity, known bool) metadata.MD {
+	md := metadata.MD{}
+	md.Set(mdFwd, "1")
+	md.Set(mdFwdProof, forwardProof)
+	if !known {
+		return md
+	}
+
+	if id.IsWindows() {
+		md.Set(mdFwdSID, id.SID)
+		if len(id.Groups) > 0 {
+			md.Set(mdFwdGroup, id.Groups...)
+		}
+		if id.Elevated {
+			md.Set(mdFwdElevated, "1")
+		}
+		return md
+	}
+
+	md.Set(mdFwdUID, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(id.UID), 10))
+	md.Set(mdFwdGID, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(id.GID), 10))
+	return md
+}
+
+// CallerIdentity returns the identity to authorize a request against. For a
+// direct connection that is the transport peer's kernel identity. For a
+// request relayed by the local JSON gateway it is the identity the gateway
+// forwarded, since the transport peer is then the daemon itself.
+//
+// A forwarded identity is only honoured when the transport peer is the daemon's
+// own identity and the metadata carries this process's forwarding proof, so
+// forged forwarding metadata gains a caller nothing. A forwarded request that
+// carries no identity is reported as unidentified, never as the daemon.
+//
+// The second return value is false when no identity could be established, and
+// callers MUST fail closed in that case.
+func CallerIdentity(ctx context.Context) (Identity, bool) {
+	id, ok := IdentityFromContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return Identity{}, false
+	}
+
+	// A forwarding key that arrives more than once did not come from the gateway
+	// alone, so nothing about the request can be trusted to describe its caller.
+	// Refusing outright matters because the alternative reading, "not forwarded",
+	// would authorize the request as the transport peer, which on the gateway's
+	// connection is the daemon itself.
+	if duplicatedForwardKey(ctx) {
+		return Identity{}, false
+	}
+
+	forwarded := isForwarded(ctx)
+
+	// Our own process on the other end of the socket is the JSON gateway, the only
+	// thing that dials the daemon from inside it. Such a call must carry a
+	// forwarded identity; without one there is no caller to authorize, and
+	// treating it as the daemon would authorize whatever reached the JSON socket.
+	// Only Linux reports the peer PID, so this is a belt on top of the gateway's
+	// interceptor rather than the sole guarantee.
+	if id.PID != 0 && int(id.PID) == selfPID && !forwarded {
+		return Identity{}, false
+	}
+
+	// Only the gateway's own connection may speak for someone else. Being
+	// privileged is not enough and not the point: the gateway runs inside the
+	// daemon, so it dials as the daemon's identity whatever user that is, which
+	// also covers a rootless container.
+	if !forwarded || !IsDaemonSelf(id) {
+		return id, true
+	}
+
+	// Speaking for someone else additionally requires the proof only this process
+	// holds. Refusing is the only safe reading: the transport peer here is the
+	// daemon itself, so falling back to it would authorize the request as the
+	// daemon. This is also what makes the forwarded values trustworthy once
+	// accepted, so they need no shape checks of their own.
+	if !authenticForward(ctx) {
+		return Identity{}, false
+	}
+
+	return forwardedIdentity(ctx)
+}
+
+// duplicatedForwardKey reports whether any forwarding key carries more than one
+// value. The gateway's interceptor sets each key exactly once and replaces what
+// was already there, so a repeat means a second source supplied it.
+func duplicatedForwardKey(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, key := range forwardKeys {
+		// Group SIDs are legitimately repeated; the rest identify the caller.
+		if key == mdFwdGroup {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(md.Get(key)) > 1 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// authenticForward reports whether the request carries this process's forwarding
+// proof, which only the in-process JSON gateway can supply.
+func authenticForward(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	got := mdSingle(md, mdFwdProof)
+	return subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(got), []byte(forwardProof)) == 1
+}
+
+// isForwarded reports whether the request carries the JSON gateway marker.
+func isForwarded(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	return mdSingle(md, mdFwd) != ""
+}
+
+// forwardedIdentity decodes the identity the JSON gateway attached.
+func forwardedIdentity(ctx context.Context) (Identity, bool) {
+	md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return Identity{}, false
+	}
+
+	if sid := mdSingle(md, mdFwdSID); sid != "" {
+		return Identity{
+			SID: sid,
+			// Repeated by design, one value per group, and only reachable once
+			// the forwarding proof has been verified.
+			Groups:   md.Get(mdFwdGroup),
+			Elevated: mdSingle(md, mdFwdElevated) == "1",
+		}, true
+	}
+
+	uid, err := strconv.ParseUint(mdSingle(md, mdFwdUID), 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, false
+	}
+
+	id := Identity{UID: uint32(uid)}
+	if gid, err := strconv.ParseUint(mdSingle(md, mdFwdGID), 10, 32); err == nil {
+		id.GID = uint32(gid)
+	}
+	return id, true
+}
+
+// mdSingle returns the value of a forwarded key only when exactly one was
+// supplied. The gateway's interceptor sets each key exactly once, so more than one
+// value means something else also supplied it, and the whole identity is treated as
+// unknown rather than picking a winner. Defence in depth behind the gateway's
+// header filter.
+func mdSingle(md metadata.MD, key string) string {
+	if v := md.Get(key); len(v) == 1 {
+		return v[0]
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// WithForwardedIdentity stamps id onto a context's outgoing metadata for the JSON
+// gateway's call to the daemon, replacing any forwarding keys already present so
+// values supplied from outside cannot survive alongside it.
+//
+// This is deliberately not done with runtime.WithMetadata: grpc-gateway skips its
+// annotators entirely when no request header maps to metadata ("if len(pairs) == 0
+// { return ctx, nil, nil }", runtime/context.go), which an HTTP/1.0 request with no
+// Host header over a unix socket achieves. The daemon would then see an unmarked
+// call whose transport peer is the daemon's own identity, and authorize it as the
+// daemon. A client interceptor runs for every RPC regardless of headers.
+func WithForwardedIdentity(ctx context.Context, id Identity, known bool) context.Context {
+	md, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		md = metadata.MD{}
+	} else {
+		md = md.Copy()
+	}
+
+	for _, key := range forwardKeys {
+		delete(md, key)
+	}
+	for key, values := range ForwardIdentityMetadata(id, known) {
+		md[key] = values
+	}
+
+	return metadata.NewOutgoingContext(ctx, md)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/forward_test.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/forward_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9adf05da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/forward_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/peer"
+)
+
+// transportCtx builds a request context as the daemon's transport credentials
+// would: the identity of whoever opened the socket, plus whatever metadata the
+// request carried.
+func transportCtx(id Identity, md metadata.MD) context.Context {
+	ctx := peer.NewContext(context.Background(), &peer.Peer{
+		AuthInfo: AuthInfo{
+			CommonAuthInfo: credentials.CommonAuthInfo{SecurityLevel: credentials.NoSecurity},
+			Identity:       id,
+		},
+	})
+	if md != nil {
+		ctx = metadata.NewIncomingContext(ctx, md)
+	}
+	return ctx
+}
+
+var (
+	root       = Identity{UID: 0}
+	unprivUser = Identity{UID: 1000, GID: 1000}
+)
+
+// asDaemon pins which identity counts as this process for the duration of a test.
+// Without it the test binary's own uid decides, which silently changes what
+// "the gateway" means.
+func asDaemon(t *testing.T, id Identity) {
+	t.Helper()
+	prevID, prevKnown, prevDelegate := selfIdentity, selfKnown, selfMayDelegate
+	t.Cleanup(func() { selfIdentity, selfKnown, selfMayDelegate = prevID, prevKnown, prevDelegate })
+	selfIdentity, selfKnown = id, true
+	selfMayDelegate = !id.IsPrivileged()
+}
+
+func TestCallerIdentity_DirectConnections(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("no transport credentials is not an identity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if _, ok := CallerIdentity(context.Background()); ok {
+			t.Fatal("a caller with no credentials must not be identified")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a direct caller is its transport identity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		id, ok := CallerIdentity(transportCtx(unprivUser, nil))
+		if !ok || id.UID != 1000 {
+			t.Fatalf("got %v ok=%t, want uid 1000", id, ok)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// The whole point of honouring forwarded metadata only from a privileged
+	// transport peer: an unprivileged caller can set any metadata it likes on its
+	// own connection to the daemon socket.
+	t.Run("an unprivileged caller cannot forge an identity", func(t *testing.T) {
+		asDaemon(t, root)
+		forged := metadata.Pairs(mdFwd, "1", mdFwdUID, "0", mdFwdGID, "0")
+		id, ok := CallerIdentity(transportCtx(unprivUser, forged))
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatal("caller should still be identified, as itself")
+		}
+		if id.IsPrivileged() || id.UID != 1000 {
+			t.Fatalf("forged metadata was believed: got %v", id)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCallerIdentity_GatewayForwarding(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("the gateway's client identity is used, not the gateway's own", func(t *testing.T) {
+		asDaemon(t, root)
+		md := ForwardIdentityMetadata(unprivUser, true)
+		id, ok := CallerIdentity(transportCtx(root, md))
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatal("forwarded identity should be usable")
+		}
+		if id.IsPrivileged() || id.UID != 1000 {
+			t.Fatalf("got %v, want the forwarded uid 1000 and not privileged", id)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a privileged gateway client stays privileged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		asDaemon(t, root)
+		md := ForwardIdentityMetadata(root, true)
+		id, ok := CallerIdentity(transportCtx(root, md))
+		if !ok || !id.IsPrivileged() {
+			t.Fatalf("got %v ok=%t, want a privileged identity", id, ok)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// A JSON socket the gateway cannot read peer credentials from (a TCP socket,
+	// say) must not make every request look like the daemon itself.
+	t.Run("an unreadable client identity is unknown, not the daemon", func(t *testing.T) {
+		asDaemon(t, root)
+		md := ForwardIdentityMetadata(Identity{}, false)
+		if _, ok := CallerIdentity(transportCtx(root, md)); ok {
+			t.Fatal("a forwarded request with no identity must not be identified")
+		}
+	})
+
+	// grpc-gateway turns Grpc-Metadata-<key> headers into gRPC metadata and joins
+	// them ahead of its annotators' values. If an HTTP client's header survived
+	// that, this is the shape the daemon would see: the attacker's uid 0 first,
+	// the real uid second. The gateway filters those headers out, and reading a
+	// duplicated key as unknown makes the daemon safe even if it did not.
+	t.Run("a duplicated key from an injected header is not believed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		asDaemon(t, root)
+		md := metadata.MD{}
+		md.Append(mdFwd, "1")
+		md.Append(mdFwdUID, "0")    // injected by the HTTP client
+		md.Append(mdFwdUID, "1000") // appended by the gateway's annotator
+		if id, ok := CallerIdentity(transportCtx(root, md)); ok {
+			t.Fatalf("injected uid was accepted: got %v", id)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a duplicated marker is not believed either", func(t *testing.T) {
+		asDaemon(t, root)
+		md := metadata.MD{}
+		md.Append(mdFwd, "1")
+		md.Append(mdFwd, "1")
+		md.Append(mdFwdUID, "1000")
+		// A repeated marker must not be read as "not forwarded": that would
+		// authorize the request as the transport peer, which on the gateway's
+		// connection is the daemon itself.
+		if id, ok := CallerIdentity(transportCtx(root, md)); ok {
+			t.Fatalf("a duplicated marker was believed: got %v", id)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// The layers in front of this (the gateway's header matcher, and its
+	// interceptor replacing every forwarding key) are what keep outside metadata
+	// from arriving at all. The proof is what the daemon can check for itself, and
+	// it is the only defence that works for a value whose legitimate shape is
+	// indistinguishable from an injected one: a lone group SID, or "elevated".
+	t.Run("forwarding metadata without this process's proof is refused", func(t *testing.T) {
+		asDaemon(t, root)
+		for name, md := range map[string]metadata.MD{
+			"no proof":    metadata.Pairs(mdFwd, "1", mdFwdUID, "0"),
+			"wrong proof": metadata.Pairs(mdFwd, "1", mdFwdUID, "0", mdFwdProof, "deadbeef"),
+			"windows identity without a proof": metadata.Pairs(mdFwd, "1",
+				mdFwdSID, "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001", mdFwdGroup, sidAdministrators, mdFwdElevated, "1"),
+		} {
+			t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				if id, ok := CallerIdentity(transportCtx(root, md)); ok {
+					t.Fatalf("unstamped forwarding metadata was believed: got %v", id)
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	})
+
+	// A caller that reaches the gateway cannot see the proof, so it cannot append
+	// a group of its own to a genuine forwarded identity: doing so would have to
+	// go through the interceptor, which replaces the whole set.
+	t.Run("a group appended to a stamped identity does not survive the interceptor", func(t *testing.T) {
+		asDaemon(t, root)
+		injected := metadata.MD{}
+		injected.Append(mdFwdGroup, sidAdministrators)
+
+		ctx := WithForwardedIdentity(metadata.NewOutgoingContext(context.Background(), injected),
+			Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"}, true)
+		out, ok := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatal("no outgoing metadata")
+		}
+		if groups := out.Get(mdFwdGroup); len(groups) != 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("injected group survived: %v", groups)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestIsReservedForwardKey(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, key := range forwardKeys {
+		if !IsReservedForwardKey(key) {
+			t.Errorf("%q must be reserved", key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// grpc-gateway canonicalises header names, so the check has to be
+	// case-insensitive.
+	if !IsReservedForwardKey("X-Netbird-Fwd-Uid") {
+		t.Error("the check must be case-insensitive")
+	}
+
+	for _, key := range []string{"authorization", "x-netbird", "x-netbird-fwd-uid-extra", ""} {
+		if IsReservedForwardKey(key) {
+			t.Errorf("%q must not be reserved", key)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestForwardIdentityMetadata_AlwaysMarksForwarded(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name  string
+		id    Identity
+		known bool
+	}{
+		{"known unix identity", unprivUser, true},
+		{"unknown identity", Identity{}, false},
+		{"windows identity", Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001", Elevated: true}, true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			md := ForwardIdentityMetadata(tc.id, tc.known)
+			if got := md.Get(mdFwd); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "1" {
+				t.Fatalf("marker = %v, want exactly one \"1\"", got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/identity.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/identity.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7d10f57d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/identity.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Package ipcauth provides the kernel-authenticated identity of a local IPC
+// (gRPC) caller and the transport credentials that surface it into the gRPC
+// context, so the daemon can authorize individual RPCs by caller identity.
+//
+// On Unix the identity is read from the kernel via SO_PEERCRED (Linux) or
+// LOCAL_PEERCRED (Darwin/FreeBSD). On Windows it is derived from the
+// named-pipe client token. Platforms without a peer-identity primitive get no
+// credentials, and every consumer must fail closed when no identity is
+// available.
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/peer"
+)
+
+// Well-known Windows SIDs that identify a fully privileged principal.
+const (
+	sidLocalSystem    = "S-1-5-18"     // NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM
+	sidLocalService   = "S-1-5-19"     // NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
+	sidNetworkService = "S-1-5-20"     // NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
+	sidAdministrators = "S-1-5-32-544" // BUILTIN\Administrators
+)
+
+// Identity is the kernel-authenticated identity of a local IPC caller. The
+// zero value is not a valid identity: consumers must only use one obtained
+// with a true ok/nil error return.
+type Identity struct {
+	// UID and GID are the caller's Unix user ID and primary group ID. Both are
+	// zero on Windows, where SID is authoritative instead.
+	UID uint32
+	GID uint32
+
+	// SID is the caller's Windows security identifier, empty on Unix.
+	SID string
+
+	// Groups holds the caller's Windows group SIDs, captured from the client
+	// token at handshake time. Only groups that are enabled and not
+	// deny-only are captured, so a group listed here is one the caller can
+	// actually exercise. Empty on Unix.
+	Groups []string
+
+	// Elevated reports whether the Windows client token is elevated (running
+	// as administrator, or an administrator with UAC turned off). Always false
+	// on Unix, where privilege is uid 0.
+	Elevated bool
+
+	// PID is the caller's process ID where the platform reports it (Linux's
+	// SO_PEERCRED), and 0 where it does not. It identifies the daemon's own
+	// process dialling itself, which is what the JSON gateway does, and is never
+	// used to grant anything.
+	PID int32
+}
+
+// IsWindows reports whether this identity is a Windows principal (SID-based)
+// rather than a Unix uid/gid principal.
+func (i Identity) IsWindows() bool {
+	return i.SID != ""
+}
+
+// IsPrivileged reports whether the caller is the platform's administrative
+// principal, which is what the daemon requires for changes that cross the
+// user-to-root boundary.
+//
+// On Windows the decision comes from the caller's token rather than from
+// account names or group RIDs: an elevated token, one of the service accounts
+// the daemon itself may run as, or a token with BUILTIN\Administrators
+// enabled. A UAC-filtered administrator has that group marked deny-only, and
+// deny-only groups are dropped when the identity is captured, so such a
+// caller is correctly reported as unprivileged. Domain group memberships
+// (Domain Admins and friends) are deliberately not consulted: they say
+// nothing about what this token may do on this machine.
+func (i Identity) IsPrivileged() bool {
+	if !i.IsWindows() {
+		return i.UID == 0
+	}
+
+	if i.Elevated {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	switch i.SID {
+	case sidLocalSystem, sidLocalService, sidNetworkService:
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return slices.Contains(i.Groups, sidAdministrators)
+}
+
+// SameUser reports whether two identities are the same local principal. Only
+// the account is compared: the group set and the elevation flag describe what a
+// token may do, not who it belongs to. A SID on either side decides the
+// comparison, so a Windows principal never matches a Unix one on the UID both
+// happen to leave at zero. The zero Identity carries uid 0, so callers must
+// establish that both identities are real before the answer means anything.
+func (i Identity) SameUser(other Identity) bool {
+	if i.SID != "" || other.SID != "" {
+		return i.SID == other.SID
+	}
+	return i.UID == other.UID
+}
+
+// String renders the identity for audit logs and denial messages.
+func (i Identity) String() string {
+	if i.IsWindows() {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("sid=%s elevated=%t", i.SID, i.Elevated)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("uid=%d gid=%d", i.UID, i.GID)
+}
+
+// AuthInfo carries the peer Identity as a gRPC credentials.AuthInfo so
+// handlers can retrieve it from the request context via IdentityFromContext.
+type AuthInfo struct {
+	credentials.CommonAuthInfo
+	Identity Identity
+}
+
+// AuthType identifies the authentication scheme.
+func (AuthInfo) AuthType() string { return "netbird-ipc-peercred" }
+
+// IdentityFromContext extracts the caller's kernel-authenticated identity from
+// the gRPC peer context. The second return value is false when no IPC
+// transport credentials were negotiated, which happens on a TCP daemon socket
+// and on platforms without a peer-identity primitive. Callers MUST fail closed
+// in that case.
+func IdentityFromContext(ctx context.Context) (Identity, bool) {
+	p, ok := peer.FromContext(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		return Identity{}, false
+	}
+	info, ok := p.AuthInfo.(AuthInfo)
+	if !ok {
+		return Identity{}, false
+	}
+	return info.Identity, true
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/identity_sameuser_test.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/identity_sameuser_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c98f583db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/identity_sameuser_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestIdentitySameUser(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		a    Identity
+		b    Identity
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "same uid",
+			a:    Identity{UID: 1000, GID: 1000},
+			b:    Identity{UID: 1000, GID: 1000},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same uid, different gid and pid still the same user",
+			a:    Identity{UID: 1000, GID: 1000, PID: 11},
+			b:    Identity{UID: 1000, GID: 27, PID: 22},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "different uid",
+			a:    Identity{UID: 1000},
+			b:    Identity{UID: 1001},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same sid",
+			a:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"},
+			b:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same sid, elevation and groups differ",
+			a:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001", Elevated: true, Groups: []string{sidAdministrators}},
+			b:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "different sid",
+			a:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"},
+			b:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1002"},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "a windows principal is never a unix one",
+			a:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-18"},
+			b:    Identity{UID: 0},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, tt.a.SameUser(tt.b))
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, tt.b.SameUser(tt.a), "SameUser must be symmetric")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be7bf4864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+)
+
+// OpenOwnedFile opens path for reading on behalf of the IPC caller identified by
+// id, and fails unless the opened file is a regular file that id owns.
+//
+// It exists for the paths a local caller hands to the daemon over the IPC. The
+// daemon runs as root, so opening such a path unchecked lets any local user read
+// any file through it. Ownership is the invariant that keeps the daemon from
+// reading, with its own privileges, a file the caller could not read itself: a
+// symlink or hard link planted at the path resolves to a file someone else owns
+// and is refused.
+//
+// The check is made against the open descriptor rather than the path, so
+// swapping the path between the check and the read cannot change the answer.
+//
+// A privileged caller is exempt: it can read the file directly, so refusing it
+// here would protect nothing. The regular-file requirement still applies to
+// everyone, since a fifo or device planted at the path is never a log file.
+func OpenOwnedFile(id Identity, path string) (*os.File, error) {
+	f, err := openForRead(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := checkOwnership(id, f); err != nil {
+		if cerr := f.Close(); cerr != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w (close: %v)", err, cerr)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return f, nil
+}
+
+func checkOwnership(id Identity, f *os.File) error {
+	info, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("stat %s: %w", f.Name(), err)
+	}
+
+	if !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not a regular file", f.Name())
+	}
+
+	if IsPrivilegedCaller(id) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	owned, err := fileOwnedBy(id, f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read owner of %s: %w", f.Name(), err)
+	}
+	if !owned {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is not owned by the caller (%s)", f.Name(), id)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_test.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8178ad45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// otherIdentity is an unprivileged caller that owns nothing the test creates.
+func otherIdentity(t *testing.T) Identity {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"}
+	}
+	return Identity{UID: uint32(os.Geteuid() + 1), GID: uint32(os.Getegid() + 1)}
+}
+
+func TestOpenOwnedFileReadsFileOwnedByCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "gui-client.log")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("hello"), 0600))
+
+	id, err := CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	f, err := OpenOwnedFile(id, path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = f.Close() })
+
+	content, err := io.ReadAll(f)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "hello", string(content))
+}
+
+func TestOpenOwnedFileRefusesFileOwnedByAnother(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "gui-client.log")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("secret"), 0600))
+
+	_, err := OpenOwnedFile(otherIdentity(t), path)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "not owned by the caller")
+}
+
+func TestOpenOwnedFileRefusesNonRegularFile(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	// The caller owns the directory, so this is the regular-file requirement
+	// talking, not the ownership check.
+	id, err := CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = OpenOwnedFile(id, dir)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "not a regular file")
+}
+
+func TestOpenOwnedFileRefusesMissingFile(t *testing.T) {
+	id, err := CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = OpenOwnedFile(id, filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "absent.log"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_unix.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a6afcea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// openForRead opens a caller-supplied path without following a symlink at its
+// final component and without blocking: a fifo planted at the path would
+// otherwise stall the open until a writer appears, and the daemon holds a lock
+// while it collects the file.
+func openForRead(path string) (*os.File, error) {
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_RDONLY|syscall.O_NOFOLLOW|syscall.O_NONBLOCK, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return f, nil
+}
+
+func fileOwnedBy(id Identity, f *os.File) (bool, error) {
+	info, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	stat, ok := info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("no owner information in %T", info.Sys())
+	}
+
+	return stat.Uid == id.UID, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_unix_test.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_unix_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e7831991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_unix_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// A symlink is the shape the arbitrary-read attempt takes: the caller owns the
+// link, the file it points at belongs to someone else.
+func TestOpenOwnedFileRefusesSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dir, "target.log")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte("secret"), 0600))
+
+	link := filepath.Join(dir, "gui-client.log")
+	require.NoError(t, os.Symlink(target, link))
+
+	id, err := CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = OpenOwnedFile(id, link)
+	// O_NOFOLLOW on a symlink reports ELOOP on Linux/Darwin and EMLINK on FreeBSD.
+	if !errors.Is(err, syscall.ELOOP) && !errors.Is(err, syscall.EMLINK) {
+		t.Fatalf("symlink open: got %v, want ELOOP or EMLINK", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// A fifo would block the open until a writer showed up, stalling the daemon
+// while it holds its lock.
+func TestOpenOwnedFileRefusesFifoWithoutBlocking(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "gui-client.log")
+	require.NoError(t, syscall.Mkfifo(path, 0600))
+
+	id, err := CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, err := OpenOwnedFile(id, path)
+		done <- err
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		require.ErrorContains(t, err, "not a regular file")
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("opening a fifo blocked")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_windows.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19acaec4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// openForRead opens a caller-supplied path without following a reparse point at
+// it. FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT is the Windows analogue of O_NOFOLLOW: it
+// opens a symlink/junction itself rather than its target, so the regular-file
+// check in checkOwnership refuses a link the caller planted to redirect the
+// read. FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS lets a directory open too (as os.Open does),
+// so a directory planted at the path is refused as non-regular rather than
+// erroring here. The share mode matches os.Open so a log being written stays
+// openable.
+func openForRead(path string) (*os.File, error) {
+	p, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert path %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	handle, err := windows.CreateFile(
+		p,
+		windows.GENERIC_READ,
+		windows.FILE_SHARE_READ|windows.FILE_SHARE_WRITE|windows.FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
+		nil,
+		windows.OPEN_EXISTING,
+		windows.FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT|windows.FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,
+		0,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+
+	return os.NewFile(uintptr(handle), path), nil
+}
+
+// fileOwnedBy compares the file's owner SID with the caller's. Files an elevated
+// process creates are owned by BUILTIN\Administrators rather than by the user,
+// but such a caller is privileged and never reaches this check.
+func fileOwnedBy(id Identity, f *os.File) (bool, error) {
+	// x/sys/windows GetSecurityInfo frees the OS buffer itself and returns a
+	// Go-heap copy, so there is nothing to LocalFree here.
+	sd, err := windows.GetSecurityInfo(windows.Handle(f.Fd()), windows.SE_FILE_OBJECT, windows.OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("read security info: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	owner, _, err := sd.Owner()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("read owner: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return id.SID != "" && owner.String() == id.SID, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_windows_test.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab68fdf39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/ownedfile_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// fileOwnerSID reads the owner SID of path the same way OpenOwnedFile does, so
+// the test can construct an Identity that matches (or deliberately does not).
+func fileOwnerSID(t *testing.T, path string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = f.Close() })
+
+	sd, err := windows.GetSecurityInfo(windows.Handle(f.Fd()), windows.SE_FILE_OBJECT, windows.OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	owner, _, err := sd.Owner()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return owner.String()
+}
+
+// The allow branch of fileOwnedBy is the SID-equality path the legitimate GUI
+// flow depends on. Running elevated, a created file is owned by
+// BUILTIN\Administrators; an Identity carrying that SID with Elevated=false and
+// no groups is unprivileged by IsPrivileged (which reads the token, not the
+// SID's RID), so this exercises the real GetSecurityInfo equality rather than
+// the privileged-caller shortcut.
+func TestOpenOwnedFileWindowsOwnerMatchAllows(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "gui-client.log")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("hello"), 0600))
+
+	ownerSID := fileOwnerSID(t, path)
+	id := Identity{SID: ownerSID}
+	require.False(t, id.IsPrivileged(), "identity built from the owner SID must be unprivileged for this to test the match path")
+
+	f, err := OpenOwnedFile(id, path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_ = f.Close()
+}
+
+func TestOpenOwnedFileWindowsOwnerMismatchRefuses(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "gui-client.log")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("secret"), 0600))
+
+	other := Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-9-9-9-9999"}
+	require.False(t, other.IsPrivileged())
+
+	_, err := OpenOwnedFile(other, path)
+	require.ErrorContains(t, err, "not owned by the caller")
+}
+
+// FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT must make OpenOwnedFile refuse a symlink the same
+// way O_NOFOLLOW does on Unix, so a planted link can't redirect the read to
+// another file. Creating a symlink needs a privilege the runner may lack, so the
+// test skips rather than fails when it can't.
+func TestOpenOwnedFileWindowsRefusesSymlink(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	target := filepath.Join(dir, "target.log")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(target, []byte("secret"), 0600))
+
+	link := filepath.Join(dir, "gui-client.log")
+	if err := os.Symlink(target, link); err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot create symlink (privilege not held?): %v", err)
+	}
+
+	id, err := CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = OpenOwnedFile(id, link)
+	require.Error(t, err, "a symlink must be refused")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/peercred_bsd.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/peercred_bsd.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d9c5247f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/peercred_bsd.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//go:build darwin || freebsd
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// PeerIdentity reads the kernel-authenticated identity of the process on the
+// other end of a Unix socket via LOCAL_PEERCRED. The xucred is recorded by the
+// kernel at connect() time and carries the peer's uid and its group list, of
+// which the first entry is the primary group.
+func PeerIdentity(conn net.Conn) (Identity, error) {
+	uc, ok := conn.(*net.UnixConn)
+	if !ok {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("connection is not a unix socket: %T", conn)
+	}
+
+	raw, err := uc.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("raw conn: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var cred *unix.Xucred
+	var credErr error
+	if err := raw.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+		cred, credErr = unix.GetsockoptXucred(int(fd), unix.SOL_LOCAL, unix.LOCAL_PEERCRED)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("control raw conn: %w", err)
+	}
+	if credErr != nil {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("read LOCAL_PEERCRED: %w", credErr)
+	}
+
+	id := Identity{UID: cred.Uid}
+	if cred.Ngroups > 0 {
+		id.GID = cred.Groups[0]
+	}
+	return id, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/peercred_linux.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/peercred_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..417cc1e00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/peercred_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// PeerIdentity reads the kernel-authenticated identity of the process on the
+// other end of a Unix socket via SO_PEERCRED. The credentials are recorded by
+// the kernel at connect() time and cannot be changed for the life of the
+// connection, so they are not spoofable by the caller.
+func PeerIdentity(conn net.Conn) (Identity, error) {
+	uc, ok := conn.(*net.UnixConn)
+	if !ok {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("connection is not a unix socket: %T", conn)
+	}
+
+	raw, err := uc.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("raw conn: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var cred *unix.Ucred
+	var credErr error
+	if err := raw.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
+		cred, credErr = unix.GetsockoptUcred(int(fd), unix.SOL_SOCKET, unix.SO_PEERCRED)
+	}); err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("control raw conn: %w", err)
+	}
+	if credErr != nil {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("read SO_PEERCRED: %w", credErr)
+	}
+
+	return Identity{UID: cred.Uid, GID: cred.Gid, PID: cred.Pid}, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/pipeserver_windows.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/pipeserver_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ba59d574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/pipeserver_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// PipeServerTrusted reports an error unless the pipe behind conn was created by a
+// principal this client may hand secrets to. Clients call it for a pipe whose name
+// carries no guarantee of its own, which is any name outside the
+// ProtectedPrefix\Administrators namespace: that namespace already restricts
+// creation to administrators and LocalSystem, while a plain name can be created by
+// any local user before the daemon gets there.
+//
+// The decision is made from the pipe object's owner, not from the serving process,
+// because a client cannot open a process running as another user at all, and the
+// legitimate case is precisely an unprivileged client talking to a privileged
+// daemon. Trusted owners are the service accounts, BUILTIN\Administrators, and
+// this client's own user, the last of which is the daemon a user runs themselves
+// as in netstack mode. A pipe owned by anyone else gets no setup key, pre-shared
+// key or SSO prompt out of this client.
+func PipeServerTrusted(conn net.Conn) error {
+	// go-winio's pipe connection embeds *win32File, which exposes Fd().
+	fdConn, ok := conn.(interface{ Fd() uintptr })
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connection %T does not expose a pipe handle", conn)
+	}
+
+	owner, err := pipeOwnerSID(windows.Handle(fdConn.Fd()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !trustedPipeOwner(owner) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("pipe owned by %s, which is neither an administrator nor this user", owner)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// PipeOwnedBySelf reports whether the pipe behind conn was created by this very
+// user, which is how a client recognises a daemon running as itself. Ownership it
+// cannot read is reported as false.
+func PipeOwnedBySelf(conn net.Conn) bool {
+	fdConn, ok := conn.(interface{ Fd() uintptr })
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	owner, err := pipeOwnerSID(windows.Handle(fdConn.Fd()))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("read daemon pipe owner: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return selfKnown && selfIdentity.SID != "" && owner == selfIdentity.SID
+}
+
+// pipeOwnerSID reads the owner of the pipe object a client is connected to. The
+// handle was opened with GENERIC_READ, which includes READ_CONTROL, so no extra
+// access is needed.
+func pipeOwnerSID(handle windows.Handle) (string, error) {
+	sd, err := windows.GetSecurityInfo(handle, windows.SE_KERNEL_OBJECT, windows.OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read pipe security info: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	owner, _, err := sd.Owner()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read pipe owner: %w", err)
+	}
+	return owner.String(), nil
+}
+
+// trustedPipeOwner reports whether a pipe's owner is a principal a client may
+// speak to. An elevated process's objects are owned by BUILTIN\Administrators by
+// default, an unelevated one's by the user, which is why both forms appear here.
+func trustedPipeOwner(owner string) bool {
+	switch owner {
+	case sidLocalSystem, sidLocalService, sidNetworkService, sidAdministrators:
+		return true
+	}
+	return selfKnown && selfIdentity.SID != "" && owner == selfIdentity.SID
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/privileged.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/privileged.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c2e68432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/privileged.go
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+)
+
+// Fields of the ErrorInfo detail the daemon attaches to a PermissionDenied it
+// raises for an operation that requires root/administrator. Clients match on
+// Reason and Domain rather than on the message text, and render the summary and
+// command themselves so the user gets guidance instead of a gRPC error dump.
+const (
+	// ErrorReasonPrivilegeRequired identifies the detail.
+	ErrorReasonPrivilegeRequired = "PRIVILEGE_REQUIRED"
+	// ErrorDomain scopes the reason to the NetBird daemon.
+	ErrorDomain = "daemon.netbird.io"
+	// ErrorMetaSummary is the one-sentence explanation of what was refused.
+	ErrorMetaSummary = "summary"
+	// ErrorMetaCommand is the command that performs the same operation with the
+	// privileges it needs, ready to copy and run.
+	ErrorMetaCommand = "command"
+)
+
+// The identity of the process evaluating callers, captured once because it cannot
+// change. selfKnown is false when it could not be read, in which case nothing is
+// ever treated as this process. selfMayDelegate additionally requires this
+// process to be unprivileged: see IsPrivilegedCaller.
+var (
+	selfIdentity    Identity
+	selfKnown       bool
+	selfMayDelegate bool
+	// selfPID is this process's PID, used to recognise the daemon dialling itself.
+	selfPID = os.Getpid()
+)
+
+func init() {
+	id, err := CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	selfIdentity, selfKnown = id, true
+	// Only an unprivileged daemon delegates its authority to its own identity.
+	// When it is root or LocalSystem, sharing its identity does not mean sharing
+	// its power: on Windows a filtered and a full token carry the same SID, so
+	// matching there would let a non-elevated shell of an administrator account
+	// act as an administrator, which is the boundary the token check exists to
+	// keep.
+	selfMayDelegate = !id.IsPrivileged()
+}
+
+// IsDaemonSelf reports whether an identity is this very process. The JSON gateway
+// runs inside the daemon and re-dials it locally, so this is what distinguishes
+// the gateway from any other caller, whatever user the daemon runs as.
+func IsDaemonSelf(id Identity) bool {
+	if !selfKnown || id.IsWindows() != selfIdentity.IsWindows() {
+		return false
+	}
+	if id.IsWindows() {
+		return id.SID != "" && id.SID == selfIdentity.SID
+	}
+	return id.UID == selfIdentity.UID
+}
+
+// IsPrivilegedCaller reports whether an identity may make the changes the daemon
+// restricts to the platform administrator. This is the daemon's own rule and
+// cannot be evaluated by a client, which does not know what the daemon runs as.
+//
+// Beyond root/administrator it accepts a caller running as the daemon's own
+// identity when the daemon is itself unprivileged. That keeps a rootless container
+// working, where there is no uid 0 at all, and a Windows daemon in netstack mode,
+// which needs no administrator rights. In those setups a caller sharing the
+// daemon's identity can already rewrite the config files it reads and replace the
+// binary it runs, so refusing it a config change would protect nothing; and an
+// unprivileged daemon cannot hand out a root shell in the first place.
+func IsPrivilegedCaller(id Identity) bool {
+	if id.IsPrivileged() {
+		return true
+	}
+	return selfMayDelegate && IsDaemonSelf(id)
+}
+
+// SelfDelegatesTo returns the identity this process delegates its authority to,
+// and whether it delegates at all. Only an unprivileged daemon does: see
+// IsPrivilegedCaller. It exists so a refusal can name who may actually perform the
+// operation, because on such a host root is neither required nor necessarily
+// available.
+func SelfDelegatesTo() (Identity, bool) {
+	if !selfKnown || !selfMayDelegate {
+		return Identity{}, false
+	}
+	return selfIdentity, true
+}
+
+// The values PrivilegedActorKey returns.
+const (
+	ActorKeyAdministrator = "administrator"
+	ActorKeyRoot          = "root"
+)
+
+// PrivilegedActor names the principal a privileged operation requires, for use
+// in messages shown to the user.
+func PrivilegedActor() string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return "administrator privileges"
+	}
+	return "root"
+}
+
+// PrivilegedActorKey identifies that principal without wording it, for a client
+// that writes its own message in the user's language. The words PrivilegedActor
+// returns are English, and a translated sentence cannot borrow them.
+func PrivilegedActorKey() string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return ActorKeyAdministrator
+	}
+	return ActorKeyRoot
+}
+
+// ElevatedCommand renders a command so that running it grants the privileges the
+// operation needs. Windows has no in-line equivalent of sudo, so the command is
+// returned unchanged and the user is expected to run it from an elevated
+// terminal.
+func ElevatedCommand(command string) string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return command
+	}
+	return "sudo " + command
+}
+
+// UpCommand renders an elevated `netbird up` with the given flags, preceded by a
+// `down`. The down is what makes the command work on a connected client: `netbird
+// up` prints "Already connected" and returns without applying any config flag, so
+// on its own the command would appear to do nothing. It is a no-op, exit 0, when
+// the client is not connected.
+//
+// ";" rather than "&&" so the line can be pasted into any of the shells a user
+// might have: PowerShell 5.1, still the default on Windows Server, rejects "&&"
+// as a syntax error.
+func UpCommand(flags string) string {
+	return ElevatedCommand("netbird down") + "; " + ElevatedCommand("netbird up "+flags)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/privileged_test.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1c7c1543
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package ipcauth
+
+import "testing"
+
+// The self rule is the one place privilege is granted to something other than the
+// platform administrator, so its two guards matter: it must apply only when the
+// daemon is itself unprivileged, and only to a caller with the daemon's identity.
+func TestIsPrivilegedCaller_SelfRule(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		// self stands in for the process the daemon runs as.
+		self      Identity
+		selfKnown bool
+		caller    Identity
+		want      bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "root is privileged whatever the daemon runs as",
+			self:      Identity{UID: 1000},
+			selfKnown: true,
+			caller:    Identity{UID: 0},
+			want:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "an unprivileged daemon delegates to its own user (rootless container)",
+			self:      Identity{UID: 1000},
+			selfKnown: true,
+			caller:    Identity{UID: 1000},
+			want:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "an unprivileged daemon delegates to nobody else",
+			self:      Identity{UID: 1000},
+			selfKnown: true,
+			caller:    Identity{UID: 1001},
+			want:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			// The daemon is root on a normal install, so sharing its identity is
+			// already covered by being root; nothing else may match.
+			name:      "a root daemon delegates to nobody",
+			self:      Identity{UID: 0},
+			selfKnown: true,
+			caller:    Identity{UID: 1000},
+			want:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			// Windows netstack mode: the daemon needs no administrator rights.
+			name:      "an unprivileged windows daemon delegates to its own SID",
+			self:      Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"},
+			selfKnown: true,
+			caller:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"},
+			want:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "an unprivileged windows daemon delegates to no other SID",
+			self:      Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"},
+			selfKnown: true,
+			caller:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1002"},
+			want:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			// The UAC boundary: a filtered and a full token of the same account
+			// carry the same SID but not the same power, so an elevated daemon must
+			// never delegate to its own SID.
+			name:      "an elevated windows daemon does not delegate to its own SID",
+			self:      Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-500", Elevated: true},
+			selfKnown: true,
+			caller:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-500"},
+			want:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "LocalSystem is privileged on its own merits, not by delegation",
+			self:      Identity{SID: sidLocalSystem},
+			selfKnown: true,
+			caller:    Identity{SID: sidLocalSystem},
+			want:      true, // LocalSystem is privileged on its own merits
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "identities of different kinds never match",
+			self:      Identity{UID: 1000},
+			selfKnown: true,
+			caller:    Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"},
+			want:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "an unknown self identity delegates to nobody",
+			self:      Identity{},
+			selfKnown: false,
+			caller:    Identity{UID: 1000},
+			want:      false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			prevID, prevKnown, prevDelegate := selfIdentity, selfKnown, selfMayDelegate
+			t.Cleanup(func() { selfIdentity, selfKnown, selfMayDelegate = prevID, prevKnown, prevDelegate })
+
+			selfIdentity, selfKnown = tt.self, tt.selfKnown
+			selfMayDelegate = tt.selfKnown && !tt.self.IsPrivileged()
+
+			if got := IsPrivilegedCaller(tt.caller); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("IsPrivilegedCaller(%v) with daemon %v = %t, want %t",
+					tt.caller, tt.self, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// The real process must never accidentally delegate: a test binary running as a
+// normal user is unprivileged, so it may match itself, but nothing else.
+func TestIsPrivilegedCaller_ThisProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	id, err := CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("cannot read this process's identity: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// This process is always allowed to act as itself: either it is privileged, or
+	// it is unprivileged and therefore delegates to its own identity.
+	if !IsPrivilegedCaller(id) {
+		t.Errorf("this process %v was refused its own identity", id)
+	}
+
+	// A caller that is neither root nor this process must be refused, whatever
+	// this process happens to be.
+	other := Identity{UID: id.UID + 1}
+	if id.IsWindows() {
+		other = Identity{SID: id.SID + "9"}
+	}
+	if IsPrivilegedCaller(other) {
+		t.Errorf("an unrelated identity %v was treated as privileged", other)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/self_unix.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/self_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b86c4fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/self_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import "os"
+
+// CurrentProcessIdentity returns this process's identity as the daemon would
+// see it if this process connected to the local IPC. It lets a client (the UI)
+// decide up front whether a privileged operation can succeed, without a
+// round-trip and without duplicating the rules: the answer comes from the same
+// Identity.IsPrivileged the daemon applies.
+func CurrentProcessIdentity() (Identity, error) {
+	return Identity{
+		UID: uint32(os.Geteuid()),
+		GID: uint32(os.Getegid()),
+	}, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/ipcauth/self_windows.go b/client/internal/ipcauth/self_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5474cc101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/ipcauth/self_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package ipcauth
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// CurrentProcessIdentity returns this process's identity as the daemon would see
+// it if this process connected to the local IPC. It lets a client (the UI)
+// decide up front whether a privileged operation can succeed, without a
+// round-trip and without duplicating the rules: the answer comes from the same
+// Identity.IsPrivileged the daemon applies to the token it reads off the pipe.
+func CurrentProcessIdentity() (Identity, error) {
+	// A pseudo-token, so it must not be closed.
+	token := windows.GetCurrentProcessToken()
+
+	user, err := token.GetTokenUser()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("read token user: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	groups, err := tokenGroupSIDs(token)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Identity{}, err
+	}
+
+	return Identity{
+		SID:      user.User.Sid.String(),
+		Groups:   groups,
+		Elevated: token.IsElevated(),
+	}, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind.go
index 792d04215..72a0cfc76 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind.go
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ func NewBindListener(wgIface WgInterface, bind device.EndpointManager, cfg lazyc
 // deriveFakeIP creates a deterministic fake IP for bind mode based on peer's NetBird IP.
 // Maps peer IP 100.64.x.y to fake IP 127.2.x.y (similar to relay proxy using 127.1.x.y).
 // It finds the peer's actual NetBird IP by checking which allowedIP is in the same subnet as our WG interface.
+// For IPv6-only peers, the last two bytes of the v6 address are used.
 func deriveFakeIP(wgIface WgInterface, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix) (netip.Addr, error) {
 	if len(allowedIPs) == 0 {
 		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("no allowed IPs for peer")
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ func deriveFakeIP(wgIface WgInterface, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix) (netip.Addr, e
 
 	ourNetwork := wgIface.Address().Network
 
+	// Try v4 first (preferred: deterministic from overlay IP)
 	var peerIP netip.Addr
 	for _, allowedIP := range allowedIPs {
 		ip := allowedIP.Addr()
@@ -76,13 +78,24 @@ func deriveFakeIP(wgIface WgInterface, allowedIPs []netip.Prefix) (netip.Addr, e
 		}
 	}
 
-	if !peerIP.IsValid() {
-		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("no peer NetBird IP found in allowed IPs")
+	if peerIP.IsValid() {
+		octets := peerIP.As4()
+		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 2, octets[2], octets[3]}), nil
 	}
 
-	octets := peerIP.As4()
-	fakeIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 2, octets[2], octets[3]})
-	return fakeIP, nil
+	// Fallback: use last two bytes of first v6 overlay IP
+	addr := wgIface.Address()
+	if addr.IPv6Net.IsValid() {
+		for _, allowedIP := range allowedIPs {
+			ip := allowedIP.Addr()
+			if ip.Is6() && addr.IPv6Net.Contains(ip) {
+				raw := ip.As16()
+				return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 2, raw[14], raw[15]}), nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("no peer NetBird IP found in allowed IPs")
 }
 
 func (d *BindListener) setupLazyConn() error {
@@ -106,15 +119,16 @@ func (d *BindListener) ReadPackets() {
 	}
 
 	d.peerCfg.Log.Debugf("removing lazy endpoint for peer %s", d.peerCfg.PublicKey)
-	if err := d.wgIface.RemovePeer(d.peerCfg.PublicKey); err != nil {
-		d.peerCfg.Log.Errorf("failed to remove endpoint: %s", err)
-	}
-
 	_ = d.lazyConn.Close()
 	d.bind.RemoveEndpoint(d.fakeIP)
 	d.done.Done()
 }
 
+// CapturedPacket is unused in userspace bind mode: first-packet reinjection is kernel-only.
+func (d *BindListener) CapturedPacket() []byte {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Close stops the listener and cleans up resources.
 func (d *BindListener) Close() {
 	d.peerCfg.Log.Infof("closing activity listener (LazyConn)")
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind_test.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind_test.go
index f86dd3877..7026a9c97 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_bind_test.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package activity
 import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -18,10 +17,6 @@ import (
 	peerid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/id"
 )
 
-func isBindListenerPlatform() bool {
-	return runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "js"
-}
-
 // mockEndpointManager implements device.EndpointManager for testing
 type mockEndpointManager struct {
 	endpoints map[netip.Addr]net.Conn
@@ -50,10 +45,6 @@ type MockWGIfaceBind struct {
 	endpointMgr *mockEndpointManager
 }
 
-func (m *MockWGIfaceBind) RemovePeer(string) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (m *MockWGIfaceBind) UpdatePeer(string, []netip.Prefix, time.Duration, *net.UDPAddr, *wgtypes.Key) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -73,6 +64,10 @@ func (m *MockWGIfaceBind) GetBind() device.EndpointManager {
 	return m.endpointMgr
 }
 
+func (m *MockWGIfaceBind) MTU() uint16 {
+	return 1280
+}
+
 func TestBindListener_Creation(t *testing.T) {
 	mockEndpointMgr := newMockEndpointManager()
 	mockIface := &MockWGIfaceBind{endpointMgr: mockEndpointMgr}
@@ -181,10 +176,6 @@ func TestBindListener_Close(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestManager_BindMode(t *testing.T) {
-	if !isBindListenerPlatform() {
-		t.Skip("BindListener only used on Windows/JS platforms")
-	}
-
 	mockEndpointMgr := newMockEndpointManager()
 	mockIface := &MockWGIfaceBind{endpointMgr: mockEndpointMgr}
 
@@ -216,8 +207,9 @@ func TestManager_BindMode(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	select {
-	case peerConnID := <-mgr.OnActivityChan:
-		assert.Equal(t, cfg.PeerConnID, peerConnID, "Received peer connection ID should match")
+	case ev := <-mgr.OnActivityChan:
+		assert.Equal(t, cfg.PeerConnID, ev.PeerConnID, "Received peer connection ID should match")
+		assert.Nil(t, ev.FirstPacket, "Bind mode does not capture packets: reinjection is kernel-only")
 	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
 		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for activity notification")
 	}
@@ -226,10 +218,6 @@ func TestManager_BindMode(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestManager_BindMode_MultiplePeers(t *testing.T) {
-	if !isBindListenerPlatform() {
-		t.Skip("BindListener only used on Windows/JS platforms")
-	}
-
 	mockEndpointMgr := newMockEndpointManager()
 	mockIface := &MockWGIfaceBind{endpointMgr: mockEndpointMgr}
 
@@ -279,8 +267,8 @@ func TestManager_BindMode_MultiplePeers(t *testing.T) {
 	receivedPeers := make(map[peerid.ConnID]bool)
 	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
 		select {
-		case peerConnID := <-mgr.OnActivityChan:
-			receivedPeers[peerConnID] = true
+		case ev := <-mgr.OnActivityChan:
+			receivedPeers[ev.PeerConnID] = true
 		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
 			t.Fatal("timeout waiting for activity notifications")
 		}
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_udp.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_udp.go
index e0b09be6c..4b7e0ddf7 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_udp.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/listener_udp.go
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ package activity
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/bufsize"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
 )
 
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ type UDPListener struct {
 	done     sync.Mutex
 
 	isClosed atomic.Bool
+
+	capturedPacket []byte
 }
 
 // NewUDPListener creates a listener that detects activity via UDP socket reads.
@@ -46,9 +50,13 @@ func NewUDPListener(wgIface WgInterface, cfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) (*UDPListener,
 }
 
 // ReadPackets blocks reading from the UDP socket until activity is detected or the listener is closed.
+// The first packet that triggers activity is captured so it can be reinjected through the real
+// transport once it is established. Without this, kernel WireGuard's handshake initiation would be
+// dropped and WG would only retry after REKEY_TIMEOUT.
 func (d *UDPListener) ReadPackets() {
 	for {
-		n, remoteAddr, err := d.conn.ReadFromUDP(make([]byte, 1))
+		buf := make([]byte, int(d.wgIface.MTU())+bufsize.WGBufferOverhead)
+		n, remoteAddr, err := d.conn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
 		if err != nil {
 			if d.isClosed.Load() {
 				d.peerCfg.Log.Infof("exit from activity listener")
@@ -62,20 +70,24 @@ func (d *UDPListener) ReadPackets() {
 			d.peerCfg.Log.Warnf("received %d bytes from %s, too short", n, remoteAddr)
 			continue
 		}
-		d.peerCfg.Log.Infof("activity detected")
+		d.capturedPacket = slices.Clone(buf[:n])
+		d.peerCfg.Log.Infof("activity detected, captured %d bytes for reinjection", n)
 		break
 	}
 
-	d.peerCfg.Log.Debugf("removing lazy endpoint: %s", d.endpoint.String())
-	if err := d.wgIface.RemovePeer(d.peerCfg.PublicKey); err != nil {
-		d.peerCfg.Log.Errorf("failed to remove endpoint: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	// Ignore close error as it may return "use of closed network connection" if already closed.
+	// Leave the peer in place. ConfigureWGEndpoint will UpdatePeer with the real endpoint;
+	// removing the peer here wipes kernel WG's staged queue and drops the user packet that
+	// triggered activation.
 	_ = d.conn.Close()
 	d.done.Unlock()
 }
 
+// CapturedPacket returns the first packet that triggered activity, or nil if none was captured.
+// Safe to call after ReadPackets returns.
+func (d *UDPListener) CapturedPacket() []byte {
+	return d.capturedPacket
+}
+
 // Close stops the listener and cleans up resources.
 func (d *UDPListener) Close() {
 	d.peerCfg.Log.Infof("closing activity listener: %s", d.conn.LocalAddr().String())
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager.go
index 1c11378c8..9de8c0fa7 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager.go
@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/netstack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
 	peerid "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/id"
@@ -21,17 +19,25 @@ import (
 type listener interface {
 	ReadPackets()
 	Close()
+	CapturedPacket() []byte
+}
+
+// Event reports activity on a managed peer. FirstPacket is the bytes that triggered activation,
+// captured for reinjection through the real transport.
+type Event struct {
+	PeerConnID  peerid.ConnID
+	FirstPacket []byte
 }
 
 type WgInterface interface {
-	RemovePeer(peerKey string) error
 	UpdatePeer(peerKey string, allowedIps []netip.Prefix, keepAlive time.Duration, endpoint *net.UDPAddr, preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key) error
 	IsUserspaceBind() bool
 	Address() wgaddr.Address
+	MTU() uint16
 }
 
 type Manager struct {
-	OnActivityChan chan peerid.ConnID
+	OnActivityChan chan Event
 
 	wgIface WgInterface
 
@@ -43,7 +49,7 @@ type Manager struct {
 
 func NewManager(wgIface WgInterface) *Manager {
 	m := &Manager{
-		OnActivityChan: make(chan peerid.ConnID, 1),
+		OnActivityChan: make(chan Event, 1),
 		wgIface:        wgIface,
 		peers:          make(map[peerid.ConnID]listener),
 		done:           make(chan struct{}),
@@ -75,16 +81,6 @@ func (m *Manager) createListener(peerCfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) (listener, error)
 		return NewUDPListener(m.wgIface, peerCfg)
 	}
 
-	// BindListener is used on Windows, JS, and netstack platforms:
-	// - JS: Cannot listen to UDP sockets
-	// - Windows: IP_UNICAST_IF socket option forces packets out the interface the default
-	//   gateway points to, preventing them from reaching the loopback interface.
-	// - Netstack: Allows multiple instances on the same host without port conflicts.
-	// BindListener bypasses these issues by passing data directly through the bind.
-	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" && runtime.GOOS != "js" && !netstack.IsEnabled() {
-		return NewUDPListener(m.wgIface, peerCfg)
-	}
-
 	provider, ok := m.wgIface.(bindProvider)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, errors.New("interface claims userspace bind but doesn't implement bindProvider")
@@ -128,12 +124,12 @@ func (m *Manager) waitForTraffic(l listener, peerConnID peerid.ConnID) {
 	delete(m.peers, peerConnID)
 	m.mu.Unlock()
 
-	m.notify(peerConnID)
+	m.notify(Event{PeerConnID: peerConnID, FirstPacket: l.CapturedPacket()})
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) notify(peerConnID peerid.ConnID) {
+func (m *Manager) notify(ev Event) {
 	select {
 	case <-m.done:
-	case m.OnActivityChan <- peerConnID:
+	case m.OnActivityChan <- ev:
 	}
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager_test.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager_test.go
index 0768d9219..07dd8d84c 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/activity/manager_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package activity
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
@@ -25,10 +26,6 @@ func (m *MocPeer) ConnID() peerid.ConnID {
 type MocWGIface struct {
 }
 
-func (m MocWGIface) RemovePeer(string) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (m MocWGIface) UpdatePeer(string, []netip.Prefix, time.Duration, *net.UDPAddr, *wgtypes.Key) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -44,6 +41,10 @@ func (m MocWGIface) Address() wgaddr.Address {
 	}
 }
 
+func (m MocWGIface) MTU() uint16 {
+	return 1280
+}
+
 // GetPeerListener is a test helper to access listeners
 func (m *Manager) GetPeerListener(peerConnID peerid.ConnID) (listener, bool) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
@@ -86,11 +87,15 @@ func TestManager_MonitorPeerActivity(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	select {
-	case peerConnID := <-mgr.OnActivityChan:
-		if peerConnID != peerCfg1.PeerConnID {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected peerConnID: %v", peerConnID)
+	case ev := <-mgr.OnActivityChan:
+		if ev.PeerConnID != peerCfg1.PeerConnID {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected peerConnID: %v", ev.PeerConnID)
+		}
+		if !bytes.Equal(ev.FirstPacket, []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05}) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected first packet: %v", ev.FirstPacket)
 		}
 	case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for activity")
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/env.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/env.go
index 649d1cd65..d408083e7 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/env.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/env.go
@@ -3,24 +3,57 @@ package lazyconn
 import (
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 const (
-	EnvEnableLazyConn      = "NB_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL_LAZY_CONN"
+	EnvLazyConn            = "NB_LAZY_CONN"
 	EnvInactivityThreshold = "NB_LAZY_CONN_INACTIVITY_THRESHOLD"
 )
 
-func IsLazyConnEnabledByEnv() bool {
-	val := os.Getenv(EnvEnableLazyConn)
-	if val == "" {
-		return false
+// State is the tri-state local override for lazy connections read from the environment.
+type State int
+
+const (
+	// StateUnset means no local override; defer to the management feature flag.
+	StateUnset State = iota
+	// StateOn forces lazy connections on, overriding management.
+	StateOn
+	// StateOff forces lazy connections off, overriding management.
+	StateOff
+)
+
+// EnvState reads NB_LAZY_CONN and returns the local override state.
+func EnvState() State {
+	return ParseState(os.Getenv(EnvLazyConn))
+}
+
+// ParseState interprets a lazy-connection override value (from the environment or an MDM
+// policy). It accepts the on/off aliases plus any value strconv.ParseBool understands
+// (true/false/1/0). An empty or unrecognized value returns StateUnset so that the
+// management feature flag remains in control.
+func ParseState(raw string) State {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return StateUnset
 	}
-	enabled, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
+
+	normalized := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	switch normalized {
+	case "on":
+		return StateOn
+	case "off":
+		return StateOff
+	}
+
+	enabled, err := strconv.ParseBool(normalized)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to parse %s: %v", EnvEnableLazyConn, err)
-		return false
+		log.Warnf("failed to parse lazy connection value %q (from %s env or MDM policy): %v", raw, EnvLazyConn, err)
+		return StateUnset
+	}
+	if enabled {
+		return StateOn
 	}
-	return enabled
+	return StateOff
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/env_test.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/env_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59ee40c4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/env_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package lazyconn
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestEnvState(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		value string
+		set   bool
+		want  State
+	}{
+		{set: false, want: StateUnset},
+		{value: "", set: true, want: StateUnset},
+		{value: "on", set: true, want: StateOn},
+		{value: "ON", set: true, want: StateOn},
+		{value: "true", set: true, want: StateOn},
+		{value: "1", set: true, want: StateOn},
+		{value: " on ", set: true, want: StateOn},
+		{value: "off", set: true, want: StateOff},
+		{value: "OFF", set: true, want: StateOff},
+		{value: "false", set: true, want: StateOff},
+		{value: "0", set: true, want: StateOff},
+		{value: "auto", set: true, want: StateUnset},
+		{value: "garbage", set: true, want: StateUnset},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		name := tt.value
+		if !tt.set {
+			name = "unset"
+		}
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(EnvLazyConn, tt.value)
+			if !tt.set {
+				os.Unsetenv(EnvLazyConn)
+			}
+
+			if got := EnvState(); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("EnvState() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/manager/manager.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/manager/manager.go
index b6b3c6091..b7424bb2f 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/manager/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/manager/manager.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/lazyconn/activity"
@@ -30,6 +29,11 @@ type managedPeer struct {
 
 type Config struct {
 	InactivityThreshold *time.Duration
+	// ReconcileAllowedIPs re-applies a peer's routed allowed IPs after its wake endpoint is
+	// armed. The activity listener creates the wake peer with the overlay /32 only; without the
+	// routed prefixes WireGuard would not steer subnet-bound traffic to the wake endpoint, so an
+	// idle routing peer could never be woken by that traffic. Optional; nil disables the reconcile.
+	ReconcileAllowedIPs func(peerKey string) error
 }
 
 // Manager manages lazy connections
@@ -57,6 +61,9 @@ type Manager struct {
 	peerToHAGroups map[string][]route.HAUniqueID // peer ID -> HA groups they belong to
 	haGroupToPeers map[route.HAUniqueID][]string // HA group -> peer IDs in the group
 	routesMu       sync.RWMutex
+
+	// reconcileAllowedIPs re-applies a peer's routed allowed IPs after its wake endpoint is armed.
+	reconcileAllowedIPs func(peerKey string) error
 }
 
 // NewManager creates a new lazy connection manager
@@ -74,6 +81,7 @@ func NewManager(config Config, engineCtx context.Context, peerStore *peerstore.S
 		activityManager:      activity.NewManager(wgIface),
 		peerToHAGroups:       make(map[string][]route.HAUniqueID),
 		haGroupToPeers:       make(map[route.HAUniqueID][]string),
+		reconcileAllowedIPs:  config.ReconcileAllowedIPs,
 	}
 
 	if wgIface.IsUserspaceBind() {
@@ -91,8 +99,8 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateRouteHAMap(haMap route.HAMap) {
 	m.routesMu.Lock()
 	defer m.routesMu.Unlock()
 
-	maps.Clear(m.peerToHAGroups)
-	maps.Clear(m.haGroupToPeers)
+	clear(m.peerToHAGroups)
+	clear(m.haGroupToPeers)
 
 	for haUniqueID, routes := range haMap {
 		var peers []string
@@ -131,8 +139,8 @@ func (m *Manager) Start(ctx context.Context) {
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
-		case peerConnID := <-m.activityManager.OnActivityChan:
-			m.onPeerActivity(peerConnID)
+		case ev := <-m.activityManager.OnActivityChan:
+			m.onPeerActivity(ev)
 		case peerIDs := <-m.inactivityManager.InactivePeersChan():
 			m.onPeerInactivityTimedOut(peerIDs)
 		}
@@ -202,7 +210,7 @@ func (m *Manager) AddPeer(peerCfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) (bool, error) {
 		return false, nil
 	}
 
-	if err := m.activityManager.MonitorPeerActivity(peerCfg); err != nil {
+	if err := m.armActivityListener(peerCfg); err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
@@ -289,7 +297,7 @@ func (m *Manager) DeactivatePeer(peerID peerid.ConnID) {
 
 	m.inactivityManager.RemovePeer(mp.peerCfg.PublicKey)
 
-	if err := m.activityManager.MonitorPeerActivity(*mp.peerCfg); err != nil {
+	if err := m.armActivityListener(*mp.peerCfg); err != nil {
 		mp.peerCfg.Log.Errorf("failed to create activity monitor: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -466,6 +474,31 @@ func (m *Manager) close() {
 }
 
 // shouldDeferIdleForHA checks if peer should stay connected due to HA group requirements
+// armRoutedAllowedIPs re-applies the peer's routed allowed IPs onto its freshly armed wake
+// endpoint. The activity listener creates the wake peer with the overlay /32 only, so without
+// this the routed prefixes would be missing and traffic to a routed subnet could not wake the
+// idle routing peer. It is a no-op when no reconciler is configured.
+// armActivityListener (re)arms the peer's wake endpoint via the activity manager and then
+// re-applies its routed allowed IPs, so traffic to a routed subnet can wake an idle routing
+// peer. The routed prefixes must be re-applied after the wake endpoint exists because the
+// listener creates it with the overlay /32 only.
+func (m *Manager) armActivityListener(peerCfg lazyconn.PeerConfig) error {
+	if err := m.activityManager.MonitorPeerActivity(peerCfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.armRoutedAllowedIPs(&peerCfg)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) armRoutedAllowedIPs(peerCfg *lazyconn.PeerConfig) {
+	if m.reconcileAllowedIPs == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := m.reconcileAllowedIPs(peerCfg.PublicKey); err != nil {
+		peerCfg.Log.Errorf("failed to reconcile routed allowed IPs on wake endpoint: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) shouldDeferIdleForHA(inactivePeers map[string]struct{}, peerID string) bool {
 	m.routesMu.RLock()
 	defer m.routesMu.RUnlock()
@@ -514,13 +547,13 @@ func (m *Manager) checkHaGroupActivity(haGroup route.HAUniqueID, peerID string,
 	return false
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) onPeerActivity(peerConnID peerid.ConnID) {
+func (m *Manager) onPeerActivity(ev activity.Event) {
 	m.managedPeersMu.Lock()
 	defer m.managedPeersMu.Unlock()
 
-	mp, ok := m.managedPeersByConnID[peerConnID]
+	mp, ok := m.managedPeersByConnID[ev.PeerConnID]
 	if !ok {
-		log.Errorf("peer not found by conn id: %v", peerConnID)
+		log.Errorf("peer not found by conn id: %v", ev.PeerConnID)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -537,7 +570,7 @@ func (m *Manager) onPeerActivity(peerConnID peerid.ConnID) {
 
 	m.activateHAGroupPeers(mp.peerCfg)
 
-	m.peerStore.PeerConnOpen(m.engineCtx, mp.peerCfg.PublicKey)
+	m.peerStore.PeerConnOpenWithFirstPacket(m.engineCtx, mp.peerCfg.PublicKey, ev.FirstPacket)
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) onPeerInactivityTimedOut(peerIDs map[string]struct{}) {
@@ -578,7 +611,7 @@ func (m *Manager) onPeerInactivityTimedOut(peerIDs map[string]struct{}) {
 
 		mp.peerCfg.Log.Infof("start activity monitor")
 
-		if err := m.activityManager.MonitorPeerActivity(*mp.peerCfg); err != nil {
+		if err := m.armActivityListener(*mp.peerCfg); err != nil {
 			mp.peerCfg.Log.Errorf("failed to create activity monitor: %v", err)
 			continue
 		}
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/support.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/support.go
index 5e765c2d6..cc0e95e53 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/support.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/support.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+
+	nbversion "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 func IsSupported(agentVersion string) bool {
-	if agentVersion == "development" {
+	if nbversion.IsDevelopmentVersion(agentVersion) {
 		return true
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/internal/lazyconn/wgiface.go b/client/internal/lazyconn/wgiface.go
index 0626c1815..f003ab3cf 100644
--- a/client/internal/lazyconn/wgiface.go
+++ b/client/internal/lazyconn/wgiface.go
@@ -17,4 +17,5 @@ type WGIface interface {
 	IsUserspaceBind() bool
 	Address() wgaddr.Address
 	LastActivities() map[string]monotime.Time
+	MTU() uint16
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/listener/network_change.go b/client/internal/listener/network_change.go
index 08bf5fd52..e0aa43abe 100644
--- a/client/internal/listener/network_change.go
+++ b/client/internal/listener/network_change.go
@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ type NetworkChangeListener interface {
 	// OnNetworkChanged invoke when network settings has been changed
 	OnNetworkChanged(string)
 	SetInterfaceIP(string)
+	SetInterfaceIPv6(string)
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/localmetrics/localmetrics.go b/client/internal/localmetrics/localmetrics.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f829fa132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/localmetrics/localmetrics.go
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// Package localmetrics exposes client connection state as a local
+// Prometheus /metrics endpoint.
+package localmetrics
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
+	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+// DefaultListenAddress is used when local metrics are enabled without an explicit address.
+const DefaultListenAddress = "127.0.0.1:9191"
+
+const (
+	shutdownTimeout   = 3 * time.Second
+	readHeaderTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+	readTimeout       = 10 * time.Second
+	writeTimeout      = 30 * time.Second
+	idleTimeout       = time.Minute
+)
+
+// statusSource provides the connection state snapshots the collector reads on scrape.
+type statusSource interface {
+	GetPeerStates() []peer.State
+	GetManagementState() peer.ManagementState
+	GetSignalState() peer.SignalState
+}
+
+// GathererProvider returns the current client metrics gatherer, or nil when
+// no engine is running. It is called on every scrape.
+type GathererProvider func() prometheus.Gatherer
+
+// Manager runs the local /metrics HTTP endpoint according to the active
+// client configuration. Reconcile is safe to call on every config change.
+type Manager struct {
+	status        statusSource
+	clientMetrics GathererProvider
+
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	srv  *http.Server
+	addr string
+}
+
+// NewManager creates a manager that serves metrics from status and
+// clientMetrics and shuts down when ctx is canceled.
+func NewManager(ctx context.Context, status statusSource, clientMetrics GathererProvider) *Manager {
+	m := &Manager{status: status, clientMetrics: clientMetrics}
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		m.Stop()
+	}()
+	return m
+}
+
+// Reconcile starts, stops, or restarts the metrics endpoint to match the
+// desired state. An empty addr falls back to DefaultListenAddress.
+func (m *Manager) Reconcile(enabled bool, addr string) {
+	if addr == "" {
+		addr = DefaultListenAddress
+	}
+	warnIfNotLoopback(addr)
+
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !enabled {
+		m.stop()
+		return
+	}
+	if m.srv != nil && m.addr == addr {
+		return
+	}
+	m.stop()
+
+	registry := prometheus.NewRegistry()
+	registry.MustRegister(newCollector(m.status))
+
+	gatherers := prometheus.Gatherers{registry, prometheus.GathererFunc(func() ([]*dto.MetricFamily, error) {
+		if m.clientMetrics == nil {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		g := m.clientMetrics()
+		if g == nil {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return g.Gather()
+	})}
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.Handle("/metrics", promhttp.HandlerFor(gatherers, promhttp.HandlerOpts{}))
+
+	srv := &http.Server{
+		Addr:              addr,
+		Handler:           mux,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: readHeaderTimeout,
+		ReadTimeout:       readTimeout,
+		WriteTimeout:      writeTimeout,
+		IdleTimeout:       idleTimeout,
+	}
+	m.srv = srv
+	m.addr = addr
+
+	log.Infof("serving local metrics on http://%s/metrics", addr)
+	go func() {
+		if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+			log.Errorf("failed to serve local metrics on %s: %v", addr, err)
+			m.clear(srv)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// clear drops the reference to srv so a later Reconcile with the same
+// address restarts it. A newer server may already have replaced it, in
+// which case the reference must stay.
+func (m *Manager) clear(srv *http.Server) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if m.srv != srv {
+		return
+	}
+	m.srv = nil
+	m.addr = ""
+}
+
+// Stop shuts down the metrics endpoint if it is running.
+func (m *Manager) Stop() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.stop()
+}
+
+// stop shuts down the running server. Callers must hold m.mu.
+func (m *Manager) stop() {
+	if m.srv == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), shutdownTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	if err := m.srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to shut down local metrics server: %v", err)
+	}
+	m.srv = nil
+	m.addr = ""
+}
+
+// collector converts status recorder snapshots into Prometheus metrics at scrape time.
+type collector struct {
+	status statusSource
+
+	managementConnected *prometheus.Desc
+	signalConnected     *prometheus.Desc
+	peersTotal          *prometheus.Desc
+	peersConnected      *prometheus.Desc
+	peerLatency         *prometheus.Desc
+}
+
+func newCollector(status statusSource) *collector {
+	return &collector{
+		status: status,
+		managementConnected: prometheus.NewDesc(
+			"netbird_management_connected",
+			"Whether the client is connected to the management service (1 connected, 0 disconnected).",
+			nil, nil,
+		),
+		signalConnected: prometheus.NewDesc(
+			"netbird_signal_connected",
+			"Whether the client is connected to the signal service (1 connected, 0 disconnected).",
+			nil, nil,
+		),
+		peersTotal: prometheus.NewDesc(
+			"netbird_peers",
+			"Number of peers known to this client.",
+			nil, nil,
+		),
+		peersConnected: prometheus.NewDesc(
+			"netbird_peers_connected",
+			"Number of connected peers by connection type.",
+			[]string{"connection_type"}, nil,
+		),
+		peerLatency: prometheus.NewDesc(
+			"netbird_peer_latency_seconds",
+			"Round-trip latency per directly connected peer; relayed connections have no latency measurement.",
+			[]string{"peer"}, nil,
+		),
+	}
+}
+
+// Describe implements prometheus.Collector.
+func (c *collector) Describe(ch chan<- *prometheus.Desc) {
+	ch <- c.managementConnected
+	ch <- c.signalConnected
+	ch <- c.peersTotal
+	ch <- c.peersConnected
+	ch <- c.peerLatency
+}
+
+// Collect implements prometheus.Collector.
+func (c *collector) Collect(ch chan<- prometheus.Metric) {
+	ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(c.managementConnected, prometheus.GaugeValue, boolToFloat(c.status.GetManagementState().Connected))
+	ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(c.signalConnected, prometheus.GaugeValue, boolToFloat(c.status.GetSignalState().Connected))
+
+	peers := c.status.GetPeerStates()
+	ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(c.peersTotal, prometheus.GaugeValue, float64(len(peers)))
+
+	var p2p, relayed float64
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		if p.ConnStatus != peer.StatusConnected {
+			continue
+		}
+		if p.Relayed {
+			relayed++
+			continue
+		}
+		p2p++
+
+		if latency := p.Latency.Seconds(); latency > 0 {
+			ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(c.peerLatency, prometheus.GaugeValue, latency, p.FQDN)
+		}
+	}
+	ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(c.peersConnected, prometheus.GaugeValue, p2p, "p2p")
+	ch <- prometheus.MustNewConstMetric(c.peersConnected, prometheus.GaugeValue, relayed, "relay")
+}
+
+func boolToFloat(b bool) float64 {
+	if b {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// IsLoopback reports whether addr binds the endpoint to the local host only.
+// An empty address means DefaultListenAddress. It fails closed: an address
+// that cannot be confirmed loopback, including an unparseable one, is not.
+func IsLoopback(addr string) bool {
+	if addr == "" {
+		addr = DefaultListenAddress
+	}
+
+	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if host == "localhost" {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(host)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return ip.Unmap().IsLoopback()
+}
+
+// warnIfNotLoopback logs a warning when the listen address cannot be
+// confirmed to be local-only, since the endpoint exposes peer and
+// connectivity details without authentication.
+func warnIfNotLoopback(addr string) {
+	if IsLoopback(addr) {
+		return
+	}
+	log.Warnf("local metrics endpoint listens on non-loopback address %s and is reachable from the network without authentication", addr)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/localmetrics/localmetrics_test.go b/client/internal/localmetrics/localmetrics_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..727137077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/localmetrics/localmetrics_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package localmetrics
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/testutil"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+type stubStatus struct {
+	peers      []peer.State
+	management peer.ManagementState
+	signal     peer.SignalState
+}
+
+func (s *stubStatus) GetPeerStates() []peer.State              { return s.peers }
+func (s *stubStatus) GetManagementState() peer.ManagementState { return s.management }
+func (s *stubStatus) GetSignalState() peer.SignalState         { return s.signal }
+
+func testStatus() *stubStatus {
+	return &stubStatus{
+		management: peer.ManagementState{Connected: true},
+		signal:     peer.SignalState{Connected: true},
+		peers: []peer.State{
+			{FQDN: "peer-a.netbird.cloud", IP: "100.90.0.1", ConnStatus: peer.StatusConnected, Relayed: false, Latency: 12 * time.Millisecond},
+			{FQDN: "peer-b.netbird.cloud", IP: "100.90.0.2", ConnStatus: peer.StatusConnected, Relayed: false, Latency: 36 * time.Millisecond},
+			{FQDN: "peer-c.netbird.cloud", IP: "100.90.0.3", ConnStatus: peer.StatusConnected, Relayed: true},
+			{FQDN: "peer-d.netbird.cloud", IP: "100.90.0.4", ConnStatus: peer.StatusIdle},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollector(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newCollector(testStatus())
+
+	expected := `
+# HELP netbird_management_connected Whether the client is connected to the management service (1 connected, 0 disconnected).
+# TYPE netbird_management_connected gauge
+netbird_management_connected 1
+# HELP netbird_peer_latency_seconds Round-trip latency per directly connected peer; relayed connections have no latency measurement.
+# TYPE netbird_peer_latency_seconds gauge
+netbird_peer_latency_seconds{peer="peer-a.netbird.cloud"} 0.012
+netbird_peer_latency_seconds{peer="peer-b.netbird.cloud"} 0.036
+# HELP netbird_peers Number of peers known to this client.
+# TYPE netbird_peers gauge
+netbird_peers 4
+# HELP netbird_peers_connected Number of connected peers by connection type.
+# TYPE netbird_peers_connected gauge
+netbird_peers_connected{connection_type="p2p"} 2
+netbird_peers_connected{connection_type="relay"} 1
+# HELP netbird_signal_connected Whether the client is connected to the signal service (1 connected, 0 disconnected).
+# TYPE netbird_signal_connected gauge
+netbird_signal_connected 1
+`
+	require.NoError(t, testutil.CollectAndCompare(c, strings.NewReader(expected)))
+}
+
+func TestServe(t *testing.T) {
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must find a free port")
+	addr := ln.Addr().String()
+	require.NoError(t, ln.Close())
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+	m := NewManager(ctx, testStatus(), nil)
+	m.Reconcile(true, addr)
+
+	var body string
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		resp, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", addr))
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		data, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		if err != nil || resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+			return false
+		}
+		body = string(data)
+		return true
+	}, 2*time.Second, 50*time.Millisecond, "metrics endpoint should come up")
+
+	assert.Contains(t, body, "netbird_peers 4")
+	assert.Contains(t, body, `netbird_peers_connected{connection_type="relay"} 1`)
+	assert.Contains(t, body, `netbird_peer_latency_seconds{peer="peer-a.netbird.cloud"} 0.012`)
+}
+
+// A server that never came up must not be remembered, otherwise reconciling the
+// same address again is a no-op and the endpoint never recovers.
+func TestReconcileForgetsAFailedServer(t *testing.T) {
+	blocker, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must find a free port")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = blocker.Close() })
+	addr := blocker.Addr().String()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+	m := NewManager(ctx, testStatus(), nil)
+	m.Reconcile(true, addr)
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		m.mu.Lock()
+		defer m.mu.Unlock()
+		return m.srv == nil && m.addr == ""
+	}, 2*time.Second, 20*time.Millisecond, "the failed server should be dropped")
+
+	require.NoError(t, blocker.Close())
+	m.Reconcile(true, addr)
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		resp, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/metrics", addr))
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+		return resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK
+	}, 2*time.Second, 50*time.Millisecond, "reconciling the same address should retry the bind")
+}
+
+func TestIsLoopback(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]bool{
+		"":                        true,
+		"127.0.0.1:9191":          true,
+		"127.9.9.9:9191":          true,
+		"[::1]:9191":              true,
+		"[::ffff:127.0.0.1]:9191": true,
+		"localhost:9191":          true,
+		"0.0.0.0:9191":            false,
+		"[::]:9191":               false,
+		"192.168.1.10:9191":       false,
+		"not-an-address":          false,
+		"example.com:9191":        false,
+	}
+
+	for addr, want := range tests {
+		t.Run(addr, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, want, IsLoopback(addr), "loopback verdict for %q", addr)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/message_convert.go b/client/internal/message_convert.go
index 97da32c06..60f19e228 100644
--- a/client/internal/message_convert.go
+++ b/client/internal/message_convert.go
@@ -10,21 +10,6 @@ import (
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
-func convertToFirewallProtocol(protocol mgmProto.RuleProtocol) (firewallManager.Protocol, error) {
-	switch protocol {
-	case mgmProto.RuleProtocol_TCP:
-		return firewallManager.ProtocolTCP, nil
-	case mgmProto.RuleProtocol_UDP:
-		return firewallManager.ProtocolUDP, nil
-	case mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ICMP:
-		return firewallManager.ProtocolICMP, nil
-	case mgmProto.RuleProtocol_ALL:
-		return firewallManager.ProtocolALL, nil
-	default:
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid protocol type: %s", protocol.String())
-	}
-}
-
 func convertPortInfo(portInfo *mgmProto.PortInfo) (*firewallManager.Port, error) {
 	if portInfo == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("portInfo cannot be nil")
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/connection_type.go b/client/internal/metrics/connection_type.go
index a3406a6b8..d393e5112 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/connection_type.go
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/connection_type.go
@@ -4,11 +4,17 @@ package metrics
 type ConnectionType string
 
 const (
-	// ConnectionTypeICE represents a direct peer-to-peer connection using ICE
-	ConnectionTypeICE ConnectionType = "ice"
+	// ConnectionTypeICEP2P represents a direct peer-to-peer connection using ICE
+	ConnectionTypeICEP2P ConnectionType = "ice_p2p"
+
+	// ConnectionTypeICETurn represents an ICE connection through a TURN server
+	ConnectionTypeICETurn ConnectionType = "ice_turn"
 
 	// ConnectionTypeRelay represents a relayed connection
 	ConnectionTypeRelay ConnectionType = "relay"
+
+	// ConnectionTypeUnknown represents a connection with no active transport. It is not pushed.
+	ConnectionTypeUnknown ConnectionType = "unknown"
 )
 
 // String returns the string representation of the connection type
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/env.go b/client/internal/metrics/env.go
index 1f06ce484..c19dcc7f1 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/env.go
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/env.go
@@ -60,6 +60,13 @@ func getMetricsInterval() time.Duration {
 	return interval
 }
 
+// isMetricsPushEnvSet returns true if NB_METRICS_PUSH_ENABLED is explicitly set (to any value).
+// When set, the env var takes full precedence over management server configuration.
+func isMetricsPushEnvSet() bool {
+	_, set := os.LookupEnv(EnvMetricsPushEnabled)
+	return set
+}
+
 func isForceSending() bool {
 	force, _ := strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv(EnvMetricsForceSending))
 	return force
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/influxdb.go b/client/internal/metrics/influxdb.go
index 531f6a986..717544f6a 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/influxdb.go
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/influxdb.go
@@ -45,30 +45,13 @@ func (m *influxDBMetrics) RecordConnectionStages(
 	isReconnection bool,
 	timestamps ConnectionStageTimestamps,
 ) {
-	var signalingReceivedToConnection, connectionToWgHandshake, totalDuration float64
-
-	if !timestamps.SignalingReceived.IsZero() && !timestamps.ConnectionReady.IsZero() {
-		signalingReceivedToConnection = timestamps.ConnectionReady.Sub(timestamps.SignalingReceived).Seconds()
-	}
-
-	if !timestamps.ConnectionReady.IsZero() && !timestamps.WgHandshakeSuccess.IsZero() {
-		connectionToWgHandshake = timestamps.WgHandshakeSuccess.Sub(timestamps.ConnectionReady).Seconds()
-	}
-
-	if !timestamps.SignalingReceived.IsZero() && !timestamps.WgHandshakeSuccess.IsZero() {
-		totalDuration = timestamps.WgHandshakeSuccess.Sub(timestamps.SignalingReceived).Seconds()
-	}
-
-	attemptType := "initial"
-	if isReconnection {
-		attemptType = "reconnection"
-	}
+	signalingReceivedToConnection, connectionToWgHandshake, totalDuration := timestamps.Durations()
 
 	connTypeStr := connectionType.String()
 	tags := fmt.Sprintf("deployment_type=%s,connection_type=%s,attempt_type=%s,version=%s,os=%s,arch=%s,peer_id=%s,connection_pair_id=%s",
 		agentInfo.DeploymentType.String(),
 		connTypeStr,
-		attemptType,
+		attemptType(isReconnection),
 		agentInfo.Version,
 		agentInfo.OS,
 		agentInfo.Arch,
@@ -94,7 +77,7 @@ func (m *influxDBMetrics) RecordConnectionStages(
 	m.trimLocked()
 
 	log.Tracef("peer connection metrics [%s, %s, %s]: signalingReceived→connection: %.3fs, connection→wg_handshake: %.3fs, total: %.3fs",
-		agentInfo.DeploymentType.String(), connTypeStr, attemptType, signalingReceivedToConnection, connectionToWgHandshake, totalDuration)
+		agentInfo.DeploymentType.String(), connTypeStr, attemptType(isReconnection), signalingReceivedToConnection, connectionToWgHandshake, totalDuration)
 }
 
 func (m *influxDBMetrics) RecordSyncDuration(_ context.Context, agentInfo AgentInfo, duration time.Duration) {
@@ -120,6 +103,30 @@ func (m *influxDBMetrics) RecordSyncDuration(_ context.Context, agentInfo AgentI
 	m.trimLocked()
 }
 
+func (m *influxDBMetrics) RecordSyncPhase(_ context.Context, agentInfo AgentInfo, phase string, duration time.Duration) {
+	tags := fmt.Sprintf("deployment_type=%s,version=%s,os=%s,arch=%s,peer_id=%s,phase=%s",
+		agentInfo.DeploymentType.String(),
+		agentInfo.Version,
+		agentInfo.OS,
+		agentInfo.Arch,
+		agentInfo.peerID,
+		phase,
+	)
+
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	m.samples = append(m.samples, influxSample{
+		measurement: "netbird_sync_phase",
+		tags:        tags,
+		fields: map[string]float64{
+			"duration_seconds": duration.Seconds(),
+		},
+		timestamp: time.Now(),
+	})
+	m.trimLocked()
+}
+
 func (m *influxDBMetrics) RecordLoginDuration(_ context.Context, agentInfo AgentInfo, duration time.Duration, success bool) {
 	result := "success"
 	if !success {
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/influxdb_test.go b/client/internal/metrics/influxdb_test.go
index b964e31a3..6a226fe2f 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/influxdb_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/influxdb_test.go
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func TestInfluxDBMetrics_RecordAndExport(t *testing.T) {
 		WgHandshakeSuccess: time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Second),
 	}
 
-	m.RecordConnectionStages(context.Background(), agentInfo, "pair123", ConnectionTypeICE, false, ts)
+	m.RecordConnectionStages(context.Background(), agentInfo, "pair123", ConnectionTypeICEP2P, false, ts)
 
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
 	err := m.Export(&buf)
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func TestInfluxDBMetrics_ExportDeterministicFieldOrder(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Record multiple times and verify consistent field order
 	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-		m.RecordConnectionStages(context.Background(), agentInfo, "pair123", ConnectionTypeICE, false, ts)
+		m.RecordConnectionStages(context.Background(), agentInfo, "pair123", ConnectionTypeICEP2P, false, ts)
 	}
 
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/infra/README.md b/client/internal/metrics/infra/README.md
index 5a93dbd87..7c23e42bd 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/infra/README.md
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/infra/README.md
@@ -32,13 +32,24 @@ Clients do not talk to InfluxDB directly. An ingest server sits between clients
 ```text
 Client ──POST──▶ Ingest Server (:8087) ──▶ InfluxDB (internal)
                   │
+                  ├─ Checks the X-Peer-ID header format
                   ├─ Validates line protocol
                   ├─ Allowlists measurements, fields, and tags
                   ├─ Rejects out-of-bound values
                   └─ Serves remote config at /config
 ```
 
-- **No secret/token-based client auth** — the ingest server holds the InfluxDB token server-side. Clients must send a hashed peer ID via `X-Peer-ID` header.
+- **Intentionally unauthenticated** — the endpoint receives obfuscated telemetry from
+  the peers of both cloud and self-hosted deployments. For a self-hosted peer there is
+  no shared trust anchor with this server, so there is nothing to authenticate against.
+- **`X-Peer-ID` is a correlation tag, not a credential** — it carries the obfuscated
+  peer identifier so samples from one peer can be grouped. The server only checks that
+  the header is well-formed (16 hex chars); a malformed value is rejected with
+  `400 Bad Request`, not `401`. Any well-formed value is accepted by design, and the
+  header must not be relied on for access control. The header itself is not forwarded
+  to InfluxDB — the stored `peer_id` tag comes from the request body and is constrained
+  only by the tag allowlist and the maximum tag value length.
+- **The InfluxDB token stays server-side** — clients never hold a write credential.
 - **InfluxDB is not exposed** — only accessible within the docker network
 - Source: `ingest/main.go`
 
@@ -56,14 +67,33 @@ Measurement: `netbird_peer_connection`
 
 Tags:
 - `deployment_type`: "cloud" | "selfhosted" | "unknown"
-- `connection_type`: "ice" | "relay"
+- `connection_type`: "ice_p2p" | "ice_turn" | "relay" (see below)
 - `attempt_type`: "initial" | "reconnection"
 - `version`: NetBird version string
 - `os`: Operating system (linux, darwin, windows, android, ios, etc.)
 - `arch`: CPU architecture (amd64, arm64, etc.)
+- `peer_id`: obfuscated peer identifier (truncated SHA-256 of the WireGuard public key)
+- `connection_pair_id`: deterministic identifier for the peer pair, identical on both sides
 
 **Note:** `SignalingReceived` is set when the first offer or answer arrives from the remote peer (in both initial and reconnection paths). It excludes the potentially unbounded wait for the remote peer to come online.
 
+#### `connection_type` values
+
+Derived from the connection priority (`conntype.ConnPriority`) by `metricsConnType` in `client/internal/peer/conn.go`:
+
+| Value | Priority | Traffic is |
+|-------|----------|------------|
+| `ice_p2p` | `ICEP2P` | direct peer-to-peer |
+| `ice_turn` | `ICETurn` | relayed, through a TURN server |
+| `relay` | `Relay` | relayed, through a NetBird relay |
+| `unknown` | `None` or unrecognised | no active transport — **the sample is not pushed** |
+
+**Direct traffic is `ice_p2p` only.** `ice_turn` is relayed despite being negotiated by ICE, matching `Conn.isRelayed`.
+
+`None` means no transport is active: not established yet, or reset after a relay drop or a peer-state reset. Such a sample cannot be attributed to a transport, so `recordConnectionMetrics` drops it instead of pushing it — `unknown` therefore never appears in the bucket. Connection counts are counts of connections whose transport was known at sampling time.
+
+**Samples recorded before 0.77 used a single `ice` value** which covered `ICEP2P`, `ICETurn` *and* `None`, so historical `ice` samples overstate direct connections by an unknown amount and must not be compared with `ice_p2p`.
+
 ### Sync Duration
 
 Measurement: `netbird_sync`
@@ -78,6 +108,25 @@ Tags:
 - `os`: Operating system (linux, darwin, windows, android, ios, etc.)
 - `arch`: CPU architecture (amd64, arm64, etc.)
 
+### Sync Phase Timing
+
+Measurement: `netbird_sync_phase`
+
+Breaks down where time goes inside a single sync, so the total `netbird_sync` duration can be attributed to the sub-step that dominates.
+
+| Field | Description |
+|-------|-------------|
+| `duration_seconds` | Time spent in one sub-phase of sync processing |
+
+Tags:
+- `phase`: the sub-phase — `netbird_config`, `checks`, `persist`, `dns_server`, `routes_classify`, `routes_apply`, `filtering`, `dns_forwarder`, `forward_rules`, `offline_peers`, `removed_peers`, `modified_peers`, `added_peers`, `lazy_exclude`
+- `deployment_type`: "cloud" | "selfhosted" | "unknown"
+- `version`: NetBird version string
+- `os`: Operating system (linux, darwin, windows, android, ios, etc.)
+- `arch`: CPU architecture (amd64, arm64, etc.)
+
+**Note:** this is wall-time per phase — it includes both CPU work and time spent waiting on locks. A slow phase points to *where* the time goes, not *why*; pair it with lock-wait metrics to tell contention apart from real work.
+
 ### Login Duration
 
 Measurement: `netbird_login`
@@ -157,7 +206,7 @@ docker compose up -d
 ```
 
 This starts:
-- **Ingest server** on http://localhost:8087 — accepts client metrics (requires `X-Peer-ID` header, no secret/token auth)
+- **Ingest server** on http://localhost:8087 — accepts client metrics (unauthenticated by design; expects a well-formed `X-Peer-ID` correlation tag)
 - **InfluxDB** — internal only, not exposed to host
 - **Grafana** on http://localhost:3001
 
@@ -191,4 +240,52 @@ docker compose exec influxdb influx query \
 
 # Check ingest server health
 curl http://localhost:8087/health
-```
\ No newline at end of file
+```
+
+## Analyzing a Debug Bundle
+
+Metrics collection is always on, so every debug bundle ships a `metrics.txt` in InfluxDB line protocol — a timestamped time series of all recorded events (sync durations, sync phases, connection stages, login). You can replay it into the local stack and graph it, without a running client.
+
+The bundle's `metrics.txt` is a rolling window (capped at 5 days / ~20k samples, see [Buffer Limits](#buffer-limits)). For a connection incident the relevant window is short (connection setup is seconds), so a bundle captured during the issue is enough.
+
+### 1. Start the stack
+
+```bash
+# From this directory (client/internal/metrics/infra)
+INFLUXDB_ADMIN_TOKEN=admin123 INFLUXDB_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin123 GRAFANA_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin123 \
+  docker compose up -d
+```
+
+(`admin123` are throwaway local credentials — fine for offline analysis.)
+
+### 2. Clear any previous data
+
+So you only see this bundle:
+
+```bash
+docker exec influxdb influx delete --org netbird --bucket metrics --token admin123 \
+  --start 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z --stop 2100-01-01T00:00:00Z
+```
+
+### 3. Import the bundle's metrics.txt
+
+InfluxDB is not exposed on the host, so import inside the container:
+
+```bash
+docker cp /path/to/bundle/metrics.txt influxdb:/tmp/m.txt
+docker exec influxdb influx write --org netbird --bucket metrics --precision ns \
+  --token admin123 --file /tmp/m.txt
+```
+
+Re-importing the same file is idempotent (same measurement+tags+timestamp overwrites).
+
+### 4. View the dashboards
+
+Grafana on http://localhost:3001 (login `admin` / `admin123`), datasource pre-provisioned:
+
+- **Where sync time goes:** http://localhost:3001/d/netbird-sync-phases/netbird-sync-phases-where-time-goes
+- **General client metrics:** http://localhost:3001/d/netbird-influxdb-metrics
+
+**Set the time range** to cover the bundle's timestamps (e.g. "Last 7 days" or an absolute range matching when the bundle was taken) — with the default short range the panels look empty.
+
+Bundles are distinguishable by the `version` tag; add a tag at import time (e.g. `sed 's/^netbird_\([a-z_]*\),/netbird_\1,bundle=mycase,/' metrics.txt`) if you want to compare several side by side.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/infra/grafana/provisioning/dashboards/json/netbird-sync-phases.json b/client/internal/metrics/infra/grafana/provisioning/dashboards/json/netbird-sync-phases.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69dbac0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/infra/grafana/provisioning/dashboards/json/netbird-sync-phases.json
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+{
+  "annotations": {
+    "list": []
+  },
+  "editable": true,
+  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
+  "graphTooltip": 1,
+  "links": [],
+  "refresh": "",
+  "schemaVersion": 39,
+  "tags": [
+    "netbird",
+    "sync"
+  ],
+  "templating": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "current": {
+          "text": "All",
+          "value": "$__all"
+        },
+        "datasource": {
+          "type": "influxdb",
+          "uid": "influxdb"
+        },
+        "definition": "import \"influxdata/influxdb/schema\"\nschema.tagValues(bucket: \"metrics\", tag: \"version\")",
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "label": "version",
+        "multi": true,
+        "name": "version",
+        "query": "import \"influxdata/influxdb/schema\"\nschema.tagValues(bucket: \"metrics\", tag: \"version\")",
+        "refresh": 2,
+        "type": "query",
+        "allValue": ".*"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "time": {
+    "from": "now-2d",
+    "to": "now"
+  },
+  "timepicker": {},
+  "timezone": "",
+  "title": "NetBird Sync Phases (where time goes)",
+  "uid": "netbird-sync-phases",
+  "version": 1,
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "id": 1,
+      "title": "Time per phase over time (stacked, ms)",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "influxdb",
+        "uid": "influxdb"
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 10,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 0
+      },
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "ms",
+          "custom": {
+            "drawStyle": "bars",
+            "stacking": {
+              "mode": "normal",
+              "group": "A"
+            },
+            "fillOpacity": 80,
+            "lineWidth": 0
+          }
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "displayMode": "table",
+          "placement": "right",
+          "calcs": [
+            "max",
+            "mean"
+          ]
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "mode": "multi",
+          "sort": "desc"
+        }
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "refId": "A",
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "influxdb",
+            "uid": "influxdb"
+          },
+          "query": "from(bucket: \"metrics\")\n  |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop)\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"netbird_sync_phase\" and r._field == \"duration_seconds\")\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r.version =~ /${version:regex}/)\n  |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _value: r._value * 1000.0 }))\n  |> keep(columns: [\"_time\", \"_value\", \"phase\"])\n  |> group(columns: [\"phase\"])"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 2,
+      "title": "p95 per phase (ms)",
+      "type": "bargauge",
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "influxdb",
+        "uid": "influxdb"
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 11,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 10
+      },
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "ms",
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "continuous-GrYlRd"
+          }
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "displayMode": "gradient",
+        "orientation": "horizontal",
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": [
+            "lastNotNull"
+          ],
+          "fields": "",
+          "values": false
+        },
+        "showUnfilled": true
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "refId": "A",
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "influxdb",
+            "uid": "influxdb"
+          },
+          "query": "from(bucket: \"metrics\")\n  |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop)\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"netbird_sync_phase\" and r._field == \"duration_seconds\")\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r.version =~ /${version:regex}/)\n  |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _value: r._value * 1000.0 }))\n  |> group(columns: [\"phase\"])\n  |> quantile(q: 0.95)\n  |> group()\n  |> sort(columns: [\"_value\"], desc: true)"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 3,
+      "title": "Per-phase stats (ms): mean / p95 / max",
+      "type": "table",
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "influxdb",
+        "uid": "influxdb"
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 11,
+        "w": 12,
+        "x": 12,
+        "y": 10
+      },
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "ms"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "showHeader": true,
+        "sortBy": [
+          {
+            "displayName": "max",
+            "desc": true
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      "transformations": [
+        {
+          "id": "merge",
+          "options": {}
+        }
+      ],
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "refId": "mean",
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "influxdb",
+            "uid": "influxdb"
+          },
+          "query": "from(bucket: \"metrics\")\n  |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop)\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"netbird_sync_phase\" and r._field == \"duration_seconds\")\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r.version =~ /${version:regex}/)\n  |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _value: r._value * 1000.0 }))\n  |> group(columns: [\"phase\"])\n  |> mean()\n  |> group()\n  |> keep(columns: [\"phase\", \"_value\"])\n  |> rename(columns: {_value: \"mean\"})"
+        },
+        {
+          "refId": "p95",
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "influxdb",
+            "uid": "influxdb"
+          },
+          "query": "from(bucket: \"metrics\")\n  |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop)\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"netbird_sync_phase\" and r._field == \"duration_seconds\")\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r.version =~ /${version:regex}/)\n  |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _value: r._value * 1000.0 }))\n  |> group(columns: [\"phase\"])\n  |> quantile(q: 0.95)\n  |> group()\n  |> keep(columns: [\"phase\", \"_value\"])\n  |> rename(columns: {_value: \"p95\"})"
+        },
+        {
+          "refId": "max",
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "influxdb",
+            "uid": "influxdb"
+          },
+          "query": "from(bucket: \"metrics\")\n  |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop)\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"netbird_sync_phase\" and r._field == \"duration_seconds\")\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r.version =~ /${version:regex}/)\n  |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _value: r._value * 1000.0 }))\n  |> group(columns: [\"phase\"])\n  |> max()\n  |> group()\n  |> keep(columns: [\"phase\", \"_value\"])\n  |> rename(columns: {_value: \"max\"})"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 4,
+      "title": "Total sync duration (netbird_sync, ms) \u2014 reference",
+      "type": "timeseries",
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "influxdb",
+        "uid": "influxdb"
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 8,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 21
+      },
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "unit": "ms",
+          "custom": {
+            "drawStyle": "points",
+            "pointSize": 5
+          }
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "options": {
+        "legend": {
+          "displayMode": "table",
+          "placement": "right",
+          "calcs": [
+            "max",
+            "mean"
+          ]
+        },
+        "tooltip": {
+          "mode": "single"
+        }
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "refId": "A",
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "influxdb",
+            "uid": "influxdb"
+          },
+          "query": "from(bucket: \"metrics\")\n  |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop)\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"netbird_sync\" and r._field == \"duration_seconds\")\n  |> filter(fn: (r) => r.version =~ /${version:regex}/)\n  |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _value: r._value * 1000.0 }))\n  |> keep(columns: [\"_time\", \"_value\", \"version\"])\n  |> group(columns: [\"version\"])"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/infra/ingest/main.go b/client/internal/metrics/infra/ingest/main.go
index a5031a873..a9fb25178 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/infra/ingest/main.go
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/infra/ingest/main.go
@@ -19,9 +19,14 @@ const (
 	defaultListenAddr  = ":8087"
 	defaultInfluxDBURL = "http://influxdb:8086/api/v2/write?org=netbird&bucket=metrics&precision=ns"
 	maxBodySize        = 50 * 1024 * 1024 // 50 MB max request body
-	maxDurationSeconds = 300.0            // reject any duration field > 5 minutes
+	maxDurationSeconds = 86400.0          // reject any duration field > 24 hours
 	peerIDLength       = 16               // truncated SHA-256: 8 bytes = 16 hex chars
 	maxTagValueLength  = 64               // reject tag values longer than this
+	readTimeout        = 30 * time.Second // must fit reading a compressed body up to maxBodySize
+	writeTimeout       = 60 * time.Second // must exceed the upstream client timeout below
+	idleTimeout        = 120 * time.Second
+	readHeaderTimeout  = 10 * time.Second
+	maxHeaderBytes     = 1 << 20 // 1 MB
 )
 
 type measurementSpec struct {
@@ -59,6 +64,19 @@ var allowedMeasurements = map[string]measurementSpec{
 			"peer_id":         true,
 		},
 	},
+	"netbird_sync_phase": {
+		allowedFields: map[string]bool{
+			"duration_seconds": true,
+		},
+		allowedTags: map[string]bool{
+			"deployment_type": true,
+			"version":         true,
+			"os":              true,
+			"arch":            true,
+			"peer_id":         true,
+			"phase":           true,
+		},
+	},
 	"netbird_login": {
 		allowedFields: map[string]bool{
 			"duration_seconds": true,
@@ -111,8 +129,17 @@ func main() {
 		fmt.Fprint(w, "ok") //nolint:errcheck
 	})
 
+	srv := &http.Server{
+		Addr:              listenAddr,
+		ReadTimeout:       readTimeout,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: readHeaderTimeout,
+		WriteTimeout:      writeTimeout,
+		IdleTimeout:       idleTimeout,
+		MaxHeaderBytes:    maxHeaderBytes,
+	}
+
 	log.Printf("ingest server listening on %s, forwarding to %s", listenAddr, influxURL)
-	if err := http.ListenAndServe(listenAddr, nil); err != nil { //nolint:gosec
+	if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }
@@ -124,8 +151,8 @@ func handleIngest(client *http.Client, influxURL, influxToken string) http.Handl
 			return
 		}
 
-		if err := validateAuth(r); err != nil {
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		if err := validatePeerIDFormat(r); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -174,8 +201,13 @@ func forwardToInflux(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, client *http.Client
 	io.Copy(w, resp.Body) //nolint:errcheck
 }
 
-// validateAuth checks that the X-Peer-ID header contains a valid hashed peer ID.
-func validateAuth(r *http.Request) error {
+// validatePeerIDFormat checks the shape of the X-Peer-ID header. The header is a
+// correlation tag, not a credential: this endpoint is intentionally
+// unauthenticated so that peers of self-hosted deployments, for which no shared
+// trust anchor exists, can report obfuscated telemetry. The header is not forwarded
+// to InfluxDB, so this check does not bound the stored peer_id tag; it only rejects
+// a malformed header as a bad request rather than an auth failure.
+func validatePeerIDFormat(r *http.Request) error {
 	peerID := r.Header.Get("X-Peer-ID")
 	if peerID == "" {
 		return fmt.Errorf("missing X-Peer-ID header")
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/infra/ingest/main_test.go b/client/internal/metrics/infra/ingest/main_test.go
index bacaa4588..526f127cb 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/infra/ingest/main_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/infra/ingest/main_test.go
@@ -53,14 +53,14 @@ func TestValidateLine_NegativeValue(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestValidateLine_DurationTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
-	line := `netbird_sync,deployment_type=cloud,version=1.0.0,os=linux,arch=amd64,peer_id=abc duration_seconds=999 1234567890`
+	line := `netbird_sync,deployment_type=cloud,version=1.0.0,os=linux,arch=amd64,peer_id=abc duration_seconds=100000 1234567890`
 	err := validateLine(line)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "too large")
 }
 
 func TestValidateLine_TotalSecondsTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
-	line := `netbird_peer_connection,deployment_type=cloud,connection_type=ice,attempt_type=initial,version=1.0.0,os=linux,arch=amd64,peer_id=abc,connection_pair_id=pair total_seconds=500 1234567890`
+	line := `netbird_peer_connection,deployment_type=cloud,connection_type=ice,attempt_type=initial,version=1.0.0,os=linux,arch=amd64,peer_id=abc,connection_pair_id=pair total_seconds=100000 1234567890`
 	err := validateLine(line)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "too large")
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func TestValidateLineProtocol_RejectsOnBadLine(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Error(t, err)
 }
 
-func TestValidateAuth(t *testing.T) {
+func TestValidatePeerIDFormat(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
 		peerID  string
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func TestValidateAuth(t *testing.T) {
 			if tt.peerID != "" {
 				r.Header.Set("X-Peer-ID", tt.peerID)
 			}
-			err := validateAuth(r)
+			err := validatePeerIDFormat(r)
 			if tt.wantErr {
 				require.Error(t, err)
 			} else {
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/metrics.go b/client/internal/metrics/metrics.go
index 4ebb43496..5edf1d9c7 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/metrics.go
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/metrics.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -56,6 +57,9 @@ type metricsImplementation interface {
 	// RecordSyncDuration records how long it took to process a sync message
 	RecordSyncDuration(ctx context.Context, agentInfo AgentInfo, duration time.Duration)
 
+	// RecordSyncPhase records how long a single sub-phase of sync processing took
+	RecordSyncPhase(ctx context.Context, agentInfo AgentInfo, phase string, duration time.Duration)
+
 	// RecordLoginDuration records how long the login to management took
 	RecordLoginDuration(ctx context.Context, agentInfo AgentInfo, duration time.Duration, success bool)
 
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ type ClientMetrics struct {
 	agentInfo AgentInfo
 	mu        sync.RWMutex
 
-	push       *Push
+	push       atomic.Pointer[Push]
 	pushMu     sync.Mutex
 	wg         sync.WaitGroup
 	pushCancel context.CancelFunc
@@ -85,6 +89,21 @@ type ConnectionStageTimestamps struct {
 	WgHandshakeSuccess time.Time
 }
 
+// Durations returns the stage durations in seconds. A duration is zero when
+// either of its timestamps is missing.
+func (c ConnectionStageTimestamps) Durations() (signalingToConnection, connectionToWgHandshake, total float64) {
+	if !c.SignalingReceived.IsZero() && !c.ConnectionReady.IsZero() {
+		signalingToConnection = c.ConnectionReady.Sub(c.SignalingReceived).Seconds()
+	}
+	if !c.ConnectionReady.IsZero() && !c.WgHandshakeSuccess.IsZero() {
+		connectionToWgHandshake = c.WgHandshakeSuccess.Sub(c.ConnectionReady).Seconds()
+	}
+	if !c.SignalingReceived.IsZero() && !c.WgHandshakeSuccess.IsZero() {
+		total = c.WgHandshakeSuccess.Sub(c.SignalingReceived).Seconds()
+	}
+	return signalingToConnection, connectionToWgHandshake, total
+}
+
 // String returns a human-readable representation of the connection stage timestamps
 func (c ConnectionStageTimestamps) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("ConnectionStageTimestamps{SignalingReceived=%v, ConnectionReady=%v, WgHandshakeSuccess=%v}",
@@ -127,6 +146,18 @@ func (c *ClientMetrics) RecordSyncDuration(ctx context.Context, duration time.Du
 	c.impl.RecordSyncDuration(ctx, agentInfo, duration)
 }
 
+// RecordSyncPhase records the duration of a single sub-phase of sync processing
+func (c *ClientMetrics) RecordSyncPhase(ctx context.Context, phase string, duration time.Duration) {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	agentInfo := c.agentInfo
+	c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	c.impl.RecordSyncPhase(ctx, agentInfo, phase, duration)
+}
+
 // RecordLoginDuration records how long the login to management server took
 func (c *ClientMetrics) RecordLoginDuration(ctx context.Context, duration time.Duration, success bool) {
 	if c == nil {
@@ -152,10 +183,7 @@ func (c *ClientMetrics) UpdateAgentInfo(agentInfo AgentInfo, publicKey string) {
 	c.agentInfo = agentInfo
 	c.mu.Unlock()
 
-	c.pushMu.Lock()
-	push := c.push
-	c.pushMu.Unlock()
-	if push != nil {
+	if push := c.push.Load(); push != nil {
 		push.SetPeerID(agentInfo.peerID)
 	}
 }
@@ -169,7 +197,7 @@ func (c *ClientMetrics) Export(w io.Writer) error {
 	return c.impl.Export(w)
 }
 
-// StartPush starts periodic pushing of metrics with the given configuration
+// StartPush starts periodic pushing of metrics with the given configuration.
 // Precedence: PushConfig.ServerAddress > remote config server_url
 func (c *ClientMetrics) StartPush(ctx context.Context, config PushConfig) {
 	if c == nil {
@@ -179,11 +207,58 @@ func (c *ClientMetrics) StartPush(ctx context.Context, config PushConfig) {
 	c.pushMu.Lock()
 	defer c.pushMu.Unlock()
 
-	if c.push != nil {
+	if c.push.Load() != nil {
 		log.Warnf("metrics push already running")
 		return
 	}
 
+	c.startPushLocked(ctx, config)
+}
+
+// StopPush stops the periodic metrics push.
+func (c *ClientMetrics) StopPush() {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	c.pushMu.Lock()
+	defer c.pushMu.Unlock()
+
+	c.stopPushLocked()
+}
+
+// UpdatePushFromMgm updates metrics push based on management server configuration.
+// If NB_METRICS_PUSH_ENABLED is explicitly set (true or false), management config is ignored.
+// When unset, management controls whether push is enabled.
+func (c *ClientMetrics) UpdatePushFromMgm(ctx context.Context, enabled bool) {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if isMetricsPushEnvSet() {
+		log.Debugf("ignoring management config, env var is explicitly set: %s", EnvMetricsPushEnabled)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.pushMu.Lock()
+	defer c.pushMu.Unlock()
+
+	if enabled {
+		if c.push.Load() != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		log.Infof("enabled metrics push by management")
+		c.startPushLocked(ctx, PushConfigFromEnv())
+	} else {
+		if c.push.Load() == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		log.Infof("disabled metrics push by management")
+		c.stopPushLocked()
+	}
+}
+
+// startPushLocked starts push. Caller must hold pushMu.
+func (c *ClientMetrics) startPushLocked(ctx context.Context, config PushConfig) {
 	c.mu.RLock()
 	agentVersion := c.agentInfo.Version
 	peerID := c.agentInfo.peerID
@@ -199,26 +274,31 @@ func (c *ClientMetrics) StartPush(ctx context.Context, config PushConfig) {
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	c.pushCancel = cancel
+	c.push.Store(push)
 
 	c.wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
 		defer c.wg.Done()
 		push.Start(ctx)
+		c.push.CompareAndSwap(push, nil)
 	}()
-	c.push = push
 }
 
-func (c *ClientMetrics) StopPush() {
-	if c == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	c.pushMu.Lock()
-	defer c.pushMu.Unlock()
-	if c.push == nil {
+// stopPushLocked stops push. Caller must hold pushMu.
+func (c *ClientMetrics) stopPushLocked() {
+	if c.push.Load() == nil {
 		return
 	}
 
 	c.pushCancel()
 	c.wg.Wait()
-	c.push = nil
+	c.push.Store(nil)
+}
+
+// attemptType returns the metric label for an initial vs reconnection attempt.
+func attemptType(isReconnection bool) string {
+	if isReconnection {
+		return "reconnection"
+	}
+	return "initial"
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/metrics_default.go b/client/internal/metrics/metrics_default.go
index 927ab51d1..3798adab6 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/metrics_default.go
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/metrics_default.go
@@ -2,10 +2,24 @@
 
 package metrics
 
+import "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+
 // NewClientMetrics creates a new ClientMetrics instance
 func NewClientMetrics(agentInfo AgentInfo) *ClientMetrics {
 	return &ClientMetrics{
-		impl:      newInfluxDBMetrics(),
+		impl:      newPrometheusMetrics(newInfluxDBMetrics()),
 		agentInfo: agentInfo,
 	}
 }
+
+// PrometheusGatherer returns the registry with the mirrored Prometheus
+// metrics, or nil when unavailable.
+func (c *ClientMetrics) PrometheusGatherer() prometheus.Gatherer {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if pm, ok := c.impl.(*prometheusMetrics); ok {
+		return pm.Gatherer()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/prometheus.go b/client/internal/metrics/prometheus.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f5020ea9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/prometheus.go
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+//go:build !js
+
+package metrics
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+)
+
+// prometheusMetrics mirrors recorded client metrics into a Prometheus
+// registry for the local /metrics endpoint, then delegates to the wrapped
+// implementation. Export and Reset pass through untouched: Prometheus
+// metrics are cumulative and pull-based.
+type prometheusMetrics struct {
+	next     metricsImplementation
+	registry *prometheus.Registry
+
+	connectionStages  *prometheus.HistogramVec
+	syncDuration      prometheus.Histogram
+	syncPhaseDuration *prometheus.HistogramVec
+	loginDuration     *prometheus.HistogramVec
+}
+
+func newPrometheusMetrics(next metricsImplementation) *prometheusMetrics {
+	connectionBuckets := []float64{.05, .1, .25, .5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 30, 60}
+
+	m := &prometheusMetrics{
+		next:     next,
+		registry: prometheus.NewRegistry(),
+		connectionStages: prometheus.NewHistogramVec(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "netbird_peer_connection_stage_duration_seconds",
+			Help:    "Duration of peer connection establishment stages.",
+			Buckets: connectionBuckets,
+		}, []string{"stage", "connection_type", "attempt_type"}),
+		syncDuration: prometheus.NewHistogram(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "netbird_sync_duration_seconds",
+			Help:    "Duration of management sync message processing.",
+			Buckets: prometheus.DefBuckets,
+		}),
+		syncPhaseDuration: prometheus.NewHistogramVec(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "netbird_sync_phase_duration_seconds",
+			Help:    "Duration of individual sync processing phases.",
+			Buckets: prometheus.DefBuckets,
+		}, []string{"phase"}),
+		loginDuration: prometheus.NewHistogramVec(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
+			Name:    "netbird_login_duration_seconds",
+			Help:    "Duration of logins to the management service.",
+			Buckets: prometheus.DefBuckets,
+		}, []string{"success"}),
+	}
+
+	m.registry.MustRegister(m.connectionStages, m.syncDuration, m.syncPhaseDuration, m.loginDuration)
+	return m
+}
+
+// Gatherer returns the registry holding the mirrored metrics.
+func (m *prometheusMetrics) Gatherer() prometheus.Gatherer {
+	return m.registry
+}
+
+// RecordConnectionStages implements metricsImplementation.
+func (m *prometheusMetrics) RecordConnectionStages(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	agentInfo AgentInfo,
+	connectionPairID string,
+	connectionType ConnectionType,
+	isReconnection bool,
+	timestamps ConnectionStageTimestamps,
+) {
+	attempt := attemptType(isReconnection)
+	connType := connectionType.String()
+
+	signalingToConnection, connectionToWgHandshake, total := timestamps.Durations()
+	if signalingToConnection > 0 {
+		m.connectionStages.WithLabelValues("signaling_to_connection", connType, attempt).Observe(signalingToConnection)
+	}
+	if connectionToWgHandshake > 0 {
+		m.connectionStages.WithLabelValues("connection_to_wg_handshake", connType, attempt).Observe(connectionToWgHandshake)
+	}
+	if total > 0 {
+		m.connectionStages.WithLabelValues("total", connType, attempt).Observe(total)
+	}
+
+	m.next.RecordConnectionStages(ctx, agentInfo, connectionPairID, connectionType, isReconnection, timestamps)
+}
+
+// RecordSyncDuration implements metricsImplementation.
+func (m *prometheusMetrics) RecordSyncDuration(ctx context.Context, agentInfo AgentInfo, duration time.Duration) {
+	m.syncDuration.Observe(duration.Seconds())
+	m.next.RecordSyncDuration(ctx, agentInfo, duration)
+}
+
+// RecordSyncPhase implements metricsImplementation.
+func (m *prometheusMetrics) RecordSyncPhase(ctx context.Context, agentInfo AgentInfo, phase string, duration time.Duration) {
+	m.syncPhaseDuration.WithLabelValues(phase).Observe(duration.Seconds())
+	m.next.RecordSyncPhase(ctx, agentInfo, phase, duration)
+}
+
+// RecordLoginDuration implements metricsImplementation.
+func (m *prometheusMetrics) RecordLoginDuration(ctx context.Context, agentInfo AgentInfo, duration time.Duration, success bool) {
+	m.loginDuration.WithLabelValues(strconv.FormatBool(success)).Observe(duration.Seconds())
+	m.next.RecordLoginDuration(ctx, agentInfo, duration, success)
+}
+
+// Export implements metricsImplementation by delegating to the wrapped
+// implementation; Prometheus metrics are pulled via the registry instead.
+func (m *prometheusMetrics) Export(w io.Writer) error {
+	return m.next.Export(w)
+}
+
+// Reset implements metricsImplementation by delegating to the wrapped
+// implementation; Prometheus metrics must not be cleared on push.
+func (m *prometheusMetrics) Reset() {
+	m.next.Reset()
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/metrics/push_test.go b/client/internal/metrics/push_test.go
index 20a509da1..43c1b2c06 100644
--- a/client/internal/metrics/push_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/metrics/push_test.go
@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ func (m *mockMetrics) RecordConnectionStages(_ context.Context, _ AgentInfo, _ s
 func (m *mockMetrics) RecordSyncDuration(_ context.Context, _ AgentInfo, _ time.Duration) {
 }
 
+func (m *mockMetrics) RecordSyncPhase(_ context.Context, _ AgentInfo, _ string, _ time.Duration) {
+}
+
 func (m *mockMetrics) RecordLoginDuration(_ context.Context, _ AgentInfo, _ time.Duration, _ bool) {
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/mobile_dependency.go b/client/internal/mobile_dependency.go
index 310d61a25..0234432b1 100644
--- a/client/internal/mobile_dependency.go
+++ b/client/internal/mobile_dependency.go
@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@ import (
 
 // MobileDependency collect all dependencies for mobile platform
 type MobileDependency struct {
-	// Android only
-	TunAdapter            device.TunAdapter
-	IFaceDiscover         stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover
+	// Android and iOS
 	NetworkChangeListener listener.NetworkChangeListener
-	HostDNSAddresses      []netip.AddrPort
-	DnsReadyListener      dns.ReadyListener
+
+	// Android only
+	TunAdapter       device.TunAdapter
+	IFaceDiscover    stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover
+	HostDNSAddresses []netip.AddrPort
+	DnsReadyListener dns.ReadyListener
 
 	//	iOS only
 	DnsManager     dns.IosDnsManager
diff --git a/client/internal/netflow/conntrack/conntrack.go b/client/internal/netflow/conntrack/conntrack.go
index 2420b1fdf..6f1da5138 100644
--- a/client/internal/netflow/conntrack/conntrack.go
+++ b/client/internal/netflow/conntrack/conntrack.go
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ func (c *ConnTrack) handleEvent(event nfct.Event) {
 	case nftypes.TCP, nftypes.UDP, nftypes.SCTP:
 		srcPort = flow.TupleOrig.Proto.SourcePort
 		dstPort = flow.TupleOrig.Proto.DestinationPort
-	case nftypes.ICMP:
+	case nftypes.ICMP, nftypes.ICMPv6:
 		icmpType = flow.TupleOrig.Proto.ICMPType
 		icmpCode = flow.TupleOrig.Proto.ICMPCode
 	}
@@ -359,8 +359,14 @@ func (c *ConnTrack) relevantFlow(mark uint32, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr) bool {
 	}
 
 	// fallback if mark rules are not in place
-	wgnet := c.iface.Address().Network
-	return wgnet.Contains(srcIP) || wgnet.Contains(dstIP)
+	addr := c.iface.Address()
+	if addr.Network.Contains(srcIP) || addr.Network.Contains(dstIP) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if addr.IPv6Net.IsValid() {
+		return addr.IPv6Net.Contains(srcIP) || addr.IPv6Net.Contains(dstIP)
+	}
+	return false
 }
 
 // mapRxPackets maps packet counts to RX based on flow direction
@@ -419,17 +425,16 @@ func (c *ConnTrack) inferDirection(mark uint32, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr) nftypes
 	}
 
 	// fallback if marks are not set
-	wgaddr := c.iface.Address().IP
-	wgnetwork := c.iface.Address().Network
+	addr := c.iface.Address()
 	switch {
-	case wgaddr == srcIP:
+	case addr.IP == srcIP || (addr.IPv6.IsValid() && addr.IPv6 == srcIP):
 		return nftypes.Egress
-	case wgaddr == dstIP:
+	case addr.IP == dstIP || (addr.IPv6.IsValid() && addr.IPv6 == dstIP):
 		return nftypes.Ingress
-	case wgnetwork.Contains(srcIP):
+	case addr.Network.Contains(srcIP) || (addr.IPv6Net.IsValid() && addr.IPv6Net.Contains(srcIP)):
 		// netbird network -> resource network
 		return nftypes.Ingress
-	case wgnetwork.Contains(dstIP):
+	case addr.Network.Contains(dstIP) || (addr.IPv6Net.IsValid() && addr.IPv6Net.Contains(dstIP)):
 		// resource network -> netbird network
 		return nftypes.Egress
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/netflow/logger/logger.go b/client/internal/netflow/logger/logger.go
index a033a2a7c..deb38bc4d 100644
--- a/client/internal/netflow/logger/logger.go
+++ b/client/internal/netflow/logger/logger.go
@@ -24,16 +24,18 @@ type Logger struct {
 	cancel             context.CancelFunc
 	statusRecorder     *peer.Status
 	wgIfaceNet         netip.Prefix
+	wgIfaceNetV6       netip.Prefix
 	dnsCollection      atomic.Bool
 	exitNodeCollection atomic.Bool
-	Store              types.Store
+	Store              types.AggregatingStore
 }
 
-func New(statusRecorder *peer.Status, wgIfaceIPNet netip.Prefix) *Logger {
+func New(statusRecorder *peer.Status, wgIfaceIPNet, wgIfaceIPNetV6 netip.Prefix) *Logger {
 	return &Logger{
 		statusRecorder: statusRecorder,
 		wgIfaceNet:     wgIfaceIPNet,
-		Store:          store.NewMemoryStore(),
+		wgIfaceNetV6:   wgIfaceIPNetV6,
+		Store:          store.NewAggregatingMemoryStore(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -88,11 +90,11 @@ func (l *Logger) startReceiver() {
 			var isSrcExitNode bool
 			var isDestExitNode bool
 
-			if !l.wgIfaceNet.Contains(event.SourceIP) {
+			if !l.isOverlayIP(event.SourceIP) {
 				event.SourceResourceID, isSrcExitNode = l.statusRecorder.CheckRoutes(event.SourceIP)
 			}
 
-			if !l.wgIfaceNet.Contains(event.DestIP) {
+			if !l.isOverlayIP(event.DestIP) {
 				event.DestResourceID, isDestExitNode = l.statusRecorder.CheckRoutes(event.DestIP)
 			}
 
@@ -123,6 +125,10 @@ func (l *Logger) stop() {
 	l.mux.Unlock()
 }
 
+func (l *Logger) ResetAggregationWindow() types.FlowEventAggregator {
+	return l.Store.ResetAggregationWindow()
+}
+
 func (l *Logger) GetEvents() []*types.Event {
 	return l.Store.GetEvents()
 }
@@ -136,6 +142,10 @@ func (l *Logger) UpdateConfig(dnsCollection, exitNodeCollection bool) {
 	l.exitNodeCollection.Store(exitNodeCollection)
 }
 
+func (l *Logger) isOverlayIP(ip netip.Addr) bool {
+	return l.wgIfaceNet.Contains(ip) || (l.wgIfaceNetV6.IsValid() && l.wgIfaceNetV6.Contains(ip))
+}
+
 func (l *Logger) shouldStore(event *types.EventFields, isExitNode bool) bool {
 	// check dns collection
 	if !l.dnsCollection.Load() && event.Protocol == types.UDP &&
diff --git a/client/internal/netflow/logger/logger_test.go b/client/internal/netflow/logger/logger_test.go
index 1144544d8..ad2eedef2 100644
--- a/client/internal/netflow/logger/logger_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/netflow/logger/logger_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestStore(t *testing.T) {
-	logger := logger.New(nil, netip.Prefix{})
+	logger := logger.New(nil, netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{})
 	logger.Enable()
 
 	event := types.EventFields{
diff --git a/client/internal/netflow/manager.go b/client/internal/netflow/manager.go
index 7752c97b0..43d61b771 100644
--- a/client/internal/netflow/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/netflow/manager.go
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/conntrack"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/logger"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/store"
 	nftypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/flow/client"
@@ -23,23 +25,26 @@ import (
 
 // Manager handles netflow tracking and logging
 type Manager struct {
-	mux            sync.Mutex
-	shutdownWg     sync.WaitGroup
-	logger         nftypes.FlowLogger
-	flowConfig     *nftypes.FlowConfig
-	conntrack      nftypes.ConnTracker
-	receiverClient *client.GRPCClient
-	publicKey      []byte
-	cancel         context.CancelFunc
+	mux               sync.Mutex
+	shutdownWg        sync.WaitGroup
+	logger            nftypes.FlowLogger
+	flowConfig        *nftypes.FlowConfig
+	conntrack         nftypes.ConnTracker
+	receiverClient    *client.GRPCClient
+	eventsWithoutAcks nftypes.Store
+	publicKey         []byte
+	cancel            context.CancelFunc
+	retryInterval     time.Duration
 }
 
 // NewManager creates a new netflow manager
 func NewManager(iface nftypes.IFaceMapper, publicKey []byte, statusRecorder *peer.Status) *Manager {
-	var prefix netip.Prefix
+	var prefix, prefixV6 netip.Prefix
 	if iface != nil {
 		prefix = iface.Address().Network
+		prefixV6 = iface.Address().IPv6Net
 	}
-	flowLogger := logger.New(statusRecorder, prefix)
+	flowLogger := logger.New(statusRecorder, prefix, prefixV6)
 
 	var ct nftypes.ConnTracker
 	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" && iface != nil && !iface.IsUserspaceBind() {
@@ -47,9 +52,11 @@ func NewManager(iface nftypes.IFaceMapper, publicKey []byte, statusRecorder *pee
 	}
 
 	return &Manager{
-		logger:    flowLogger,
-		conntrack: ct,
-		publicKey: publicKey,
+		logger:            flowLogger,
+		conntrack:         ct,
+		publicKey:         publicKey,
+		retryInterval:     time.Second,
+		eventsWithoutAcks: store.NewMemoryStore(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -65,6 +72,7 @@ func (m *Manager) needsNewClient(previous *nftypes.FlowConfig) bool {
 }
 
 // enableFlow starts components for flow tracking
+// must be called under m.mux lock
 func (m *Manager) enableFlow(previous *nftypes.FlowConfig) error {
 	// first make sender ready so events don't pile up
 	if m.needsNewClient(previous) {
@@ -84,6 +92,7 @@ func (m *Manager) enableFlow(previous *nftypes.FlowConfig) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// must be called under m.mux lock
 func (m *Manager) resetClient() error {
 	if m.receiverClient != nil {
 		if err := m.receiverClient.Close(); err != nil {
@@ -106,14 +115,19 @@ func (m *Manager) resetClient() error {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	m.cancel = cancel
 
-	m.shutdownWg.Add(2)
+	m.shutdownWg.Add(3)
+	flowConfigInterval := m.flowConfig.Interval
 	go func() {
 		defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
-		m.receiveACKs(ctx, flowClient)
+		m.receiveACKs(ctx, flowClient, flowConfigInterval)
 	}()
 	go func() {
 		defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
-		m.startSender(ctx)
+		m.startSender(ctx, flowConfigInterval)
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer m.shutdownWg.Done()
+		m.startRetries(ctx, flowConfigInterval)
 	}()
 
 	return nil
@@ -197,8 +211,8 @@ func (m *Manager) GetLogger() nftypes.FlowLogger {
 	return m.logger
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) startSender(ctx context.Context) {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(m.flowConfig.Interval)
+func (m *Manager) startSender(ctx context.Context, flowConfigInterval time.Duration) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(flowConfigInterval)
 	defer ticker.Stop()
 
 	for {
@@ -206,27 +220,29 @@ func (m *Manager) startSender(ctx context.Context) {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
 		case <-ticker.C:
-			events := m.logger.GetEvents()
+			collectedEvents := m.logger.ResetAggregationWindow()
+			events := collectedEvents.GetAggregatedEvents()
 			for _, event := range events {
+				m.eventsWithoutAcks.StoreEvent(event)
 				if err := m.send(event); err != nil {
 					log.Errorf("failed to send flow event to server: %v", err)
-					continue
+				} else {
+					log.Tracef("sent flow event: %s", event.ID)
 				}
-				log.Tracef("sent flow event: %s", event.ID)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) receiveACKs(ctx context.Context, client *client.GRPCClient) {
-	err := client.Receive(ctx, m.flowConfig.Interval, func(ack *proto.FlowEventAck) error {
+func (m *Manager) receiveACKs(ctx context.Context, client *client.GRPCClient, flowConfigInterval time.Duration) {
+	err := client.Receive(ctx, flowConfigInterval, func(ack *proto.FlowEventAck) error {
 		id, err := uuid.FromBytes(ack.EventId)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("failed to convert ack event id to uuid: %v", err)
 			return nil
 		}
 		log.Tracef("received flow event ack: %s", id)
-		m.logger.DeleteEvents([]uuid.UUID{id})
+		m.eventsWithoutAcks.DeleteEvents([]uuid.UUID{id})
 		return nil
 	})
 
@@ -235,6 +251,51 @@ func (m *Manager) receiveACKs(ctx context.Context, client *client.GRPCClient) {
 	}
 }
 
+// We effectively never drop events (see MaxInterval), which makes eventsWithoutAcks unbounded.
+// We may want to limit the max size of the store, and start dropping oldest events when the threshold is reached.
+func (m *Manager) startRetries(ctx context.Context, flowConfigInterval time.Duration) {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(m.retryInterval)
+	retryBackoff := backoff.WithContext(&backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
+		InitialInterval:     1 * time.Second,
+		RandomizationFactor: 0.5,
+		Multiplier:          1.7,
+		MaxInterval:         flowConfigInterval / 2,
+		MaxElapsedTime:      3 * 30 * 24 * time.Hour, // 3 months
+		Stop:                backoff.Stop,
+		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
+	}, ctx)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-timer.C:
+			resetBackoff := true
+			for _, e := range m.eventsWithoutAcks.GetEvents() {
+				if e.Timestamp.Add(time.Second).After(time.Now()) {
+					// grace period on retries to avoid early retries
+					// do not retry if the event is less than 1 sec old
+					continue
+				}
+				if err := m.send(e); err != nil {
+					if nextBackoff := retryBackoff.NextBackOff(); nextBackoff != backoff.Stop {
+						timer = time.NewTimer(nextBackoff)
+						resetBackoff = false
+					} else {
+						resetBackoff = true // we exhausted retries, reset retry loop
+					}
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if resetBackoff { // use regular retry interval in absence of network errors
+				retryBackoff.Reset()
+				timer = time.NewTimer(m.retryInterval)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) send(event *nftypes.Event) error {
 	m.mux.Lock()
 	client := m.receiverClient
@@ -249,9 +310,11 @@ func (m *Manager) send(event *nftypes.Event) error {
 
 func toProtoEvent(publicKey []byte, event *nftypes.Event) *proto.FlowEvent {
 	protoEvent := &proto.FlowEvent{
-		EventId:   event.ID[:],
-		Timestamp: timestamppb.New(event.Timestamp),
-		PublicKey: publicKey,
+		EventId:     event.ID[:],
+		Timestamp:   timestamppb.New(event.Timestamp),
+		PublicKey:   publicKey,
+		WindowStart: timestamppb.New(event.WindowStart),
+		WindowEnd:   timestamppb.New(event.WindowEnd),
 		FlowFields: &proto.FlowFields{
 			FlowId:           event.FlowID[:],
 			RuleId:           event.RuleID,
@@ -266,10 +329,13 @@ func toProtoEvent(publicKey []byte, event *nftypes.Event) *proto.FlowEvent {
 			TxBytes:          event.TxBytes,
 			SourceResourceId: event.SourceResourceID,
 			DestResourceId:   event.DestResourceID,
+			NumOfStarts:      event.NumOfStarts,
+			NumOfEnds:        event.NumOfEnds,
+			NumOfDrops:       event.NumOfDrops,
 		},
 	}
 
-	if event.Protocol == nftypes.ICMP {
+	if event.Protocol == nftypes.ICMP || event.Protocol == nftypes.ICMPv6 {
 		protoEvent.FlowFields.ConnectionInfo = &proto.FlowFields_IcmpInfo{
 			IcmpInfo: &proto.ICMPInfo{
 				IcmpType: uint32(event.ICMPType),
diff --git a/client/internal/netflow/manager_integration_test.go b/client/internal/netflow/manager_integration_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9029bdda2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/netflow/manager_integration_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+package netflow
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/flow/proto"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+)
+
+type testServer struct {
+	proto.UnimplementedFlowServiceServer
+	events         chan *proto.FlowEvent
+	acks           chan *proto.FlowEventAck
+	grpcSrv        *grpc.Server
+	addr           string
+	handlerDone    chan struct{} // signaled each time Events() exits
+	handlerStarted chan struct{} // signaled each time Events() begins
+}
+
+func newTestServer(t *testing.T) *testServer {
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	s := &testServer{
+		events:         make(chan *proto.FlowEvent, 100),
+		acks:           make(chan *proto.FlowEventAck, 100),
+		grpcSrv:        grpc.NewServer(),
+		addr:           listener.Addr().String(),
+		handlerDone:    make(chan struct{}, 10),
+		handlerStarted: make(chan struct{}, 10),
+	}
+
+	proto.RegisterFlowServiceServer(s.grpcSrv, s)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := s.grpcSrv.Serve(listener); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, grpc.ErrServerStopped) {
+			t.Logf("server error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.grpcSrv.Stop()
+	})
+
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s *testServer) Events(stream proto.FlowService_EventsServer) error {
+	defer func() {
+		select {
+		case s.handlerDone <- struct{}{}:
+		default:
+		}
+	}()
+
+	err := stream.Send(&proto.FlowEventAck{IsInitiator: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case s.handlerStarted <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(stream.Context())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() {
+		defer cancel()
+		for {
+			event, err := stream.Recv()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+
+			if !event.IsInitiator {
+				select {
+				case s.events <- event:
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case ack := <-s.acks:
+			if err := stream.Send(ack); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendEventReceiveAck(t *testing.T) {
+	_, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	server := newTestServer(t)
+	manager := createManager(t, server.addr, 60*time.Second) // set high to prevent retries in this test
+	defer manager.Close()
+
+	assert.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		select {
+		case <-server.handlerStarted:
+			return true
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}, 3*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	event1 := types.EventFields{
+		FlowID:    uuid.New(),
+		Type:      types.TypeStart,
+		Direction: types.Ingress,
+		DestIP:    ipAddr("172.16.1.2"),
+		DestPort:  2345,
+		Protocol:  6,
+	}
+	manager.logger.StoreEvent(event1)
+	event2 := types.EventFields{
+		FlowID:    uuid.New(),
+		Type:      types.TypeStart,
+		Direction: types.Ingress,
+		DestIP:    ipAddr("172.16.1.1"),
+		DestPort:  1234,
+		Protocol:  6,
+	}
+	manager.logger.StoreEvent(event2)
+
+	// verify the server received logged events
+	serverSideEvents := make([]*proto.FlowEvent, 0)
+	assert.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		select {
+		case event := <-server.events:
+			serverSideEvents = append(serverSideEvents, event)
+			if len(serverSideEvents) == 2 {
+				return true
+			}
+		default:
+			if len(serverSideEvents) == 2 {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}, 5*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	serverSideFlowIds := make([]uuid.UUID, 0, 2)
+	slices.Values(serverSideEvents)(func(e *proto.FlowEvent) bool {
+		id, err := uuid.FromBytes(e.FlowFields.FlowId)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		serverSideFlowIds = append(serverSideFlowIds, id)
+		return true
+	})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []uuid.UUID{event1.FlowID, event2.FlowID}, serverSideFlowIds)
+
+	// verify the manager tracks un-acked events
+	unackedEvents := manager.eventsWithoutAcks.GetEvents()
+	assert.Len(t, unackedEvents, 2)
+	flowIds := make([]uuid.UUID, 0)
+	slices.Values(unackedEvents)(func(e *types.Event) bool {
+		flowIds = append(flowIds, e.FlowID)
+		return true
+	})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, flowIds, []uuid.UUID{event1.FlowID, event2.FlowID})
+}
+
+// verify handling of retries:
+//   - unacked events are retried
+//   - when acks arrive, events are removed from the un-acked event tracker
+func TestRetryEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	_, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	server := newTestServer(t)
+	manager := createManager(t, server.addr, time.Second) // set low to start retries sooner
+	defer manager.Close()
+
+	assert.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		select {
+		case <-server.handlerStarted:
+			return true
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}, 3*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	event1 := types.EventFields{
+		FlowID:    uuid.New(),
+		Type:      types.TypeStart,
+		Direction: types.Ingress,
+		DestIP:    ipAddr("172.16.1.2"),
+		DestPort:  2345,
+		Protocol:  6,
+	}
+	manager.logger.StoreEvent(event1)
+	event2 := types.EventFields{
+		FlowID:    uuid.New(),
+		Type:      types.TypeStart,
+		Direction: types.Ingress,
+		DestIP:    ipAddr("172.16.1.1"),
+		DestPort:  1234,
+		Protocol:  6,
+	}
+	manager.logger.StoreEvent(event2)
+
+	// verify the server received retries of logged events
+	serverSideEvents := make([]*proto.FlowEvent, 0)
+	func() {
+		c := time.After(2500 * time.Millisecond)
+		for {
+			select {
+			case event := <-server.events:
+				serverSideEvents = append(serverSideEvents, event)
+			case <-c:
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	assert.True(t, len(serverSideEvents) > 2) // must see retries
+
+	uniqueServerSideEvents := make(map[uuid.UUID]*proto.FlowEvent)
+	slices.Values(serverSideEvents)(func(e *proto.FlowEvent) bool {
+		id, err := uuid.FromBytes(e.FlowFields.FlowId)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		uniqueServerSideEvents[id] = e
+		return true
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, uniqueServerSideEvents, event1.FlowID)
+	assert.Contains(t, uniqueServerSideEvents, event2.FlowID)
+
+	// ack events
+	server.acks <- &proto.FlowEventAck{EventId: uniqueServerSideEvents[event1.FlowID].EventId}
+	server.acks <- &proto.FlowEventAck{EventId: uniqueServerSideEvents[event2.FlowID].EventId}
+
+	assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+		unackedEvents := manager.eventsWithoutAcks.GetEvents()
+		assert.Empty(c, unackedEvents)
+
+	}, 3*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+func createManager(t *testing.T, serverAddr string, retryInterval time.Duration) *Manager {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	mockIFace := &mockIFaceMapper{
+		address: wgaddr.Address{
+			Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.1/32"),
+		},
+		isUserspaceBind: true,
+	}
+
+	publicKey := []byte("test-public-key")
+	manager := NewManager(mockIFace, publicKey, nil)
+	manager.retryInterval = retryInterval
+
+	initialConfig := &types.FlowConfig{
+		Enabled:        true,
+		URL:            fmt.Sprintf("http://%s", serverAddr),
+		TokenPayload:   "initial-payload",
+		TokenSignature: "initial-signature",
+		Interval:       500 * time.Millisecond,
+	}
+
+	err := manager.Update(initialConfig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return manager
+}
+
+func ipAddr(a string) netip.Addr {
+	addr, _ := netip.ParseAddr(a)
+	return addr
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/netflow/store/event_aggregation_test.go b/client/internal/netflow/store/event_aggregation_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8abe0d162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/netflow/store/event_aggregation_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+var random = rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
+
+func TestFlowAggregation(t *testing.T) {
+	var protocols = []types.Protocol{types.ICMP, types.ICMPv6, types.TCP, types.UDP}
+	var tests = []struct {
+		description string
+		addresses   [][]netip.Addr
+		dstPort     uint16
+		eventTypes  []types.Type
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "start and stop",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}, {netip.MustParseAddr("3.3.3.3"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			dstPort:     uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16),
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeStart, types.TypeEnd},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "start and drop",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}, {netip.MustParseAddr("3.3.3.3"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			dstPort:     uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16),
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeStart, types.TypeDrop},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "start only",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}, {netip.MustParseAddr("3.3.3.3"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			dstPort:     uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16),
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeStart},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "drop only",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}, {netip.MustParseAddr("3.3.3.3"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			dstPort:     uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16),
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeDrop},
+		}}
+
+	for _, protocol := range protocols {
+		for _, tt := range tests {
+			t.Run(tt.description+" "+protocol.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+				store := NewAggregatingMemoryStore()
+				store.WindowEnd = time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+
+				allExpected := make([]*types.Event, 0)
+
+				for _, srcAndDst := range tt.addresses {
+					inEvents, expected := generateEvents(srcAndDst[0], srcAndDst[1], tt.dstPort, tt.eventTypes, protocol, types.Ingress, 0, store.WindowStart, store.WindowEnd)
+					for _, e := range inEvents {
+						store.StoreEvent(e)
+					}
+					allExpected = append(allExpected, expected)
+				}
+
+				events := store.GetAggregatedEvents()
+				assert.ElementsMatch(t, events, allExpected)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIcmpEventAggregation(t *testing.T) {
+	var protocols = []types.Protocol{types.ICMP, types.ICMPv6}
+	var icmpTypes = []uint8{1, 2, 3}
+
+	var tests = []struct {
+		description string
+		addresses   [][]netip.Addr
+		eventTypes  []types.Type
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "start and stop",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeStart, types.TypeEnd},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "start and drop",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeStart, types.TypeDrop},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "start only",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeStart},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "drop only",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeDrop},
+		}}
+
+	for _, protocol := range protocols {
+		for _, tt := range tests {
+			t.Run(tt.description+" "+protocol.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+				store := NewAggregatingMemoryStore()
+				store.WindowEnd = time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+
+				allExpected := make([]*types.Event, 0)
+				for _, icmpType := range icmpTypes {
+					events, expected := generateEvents(tt.addresses[0][0], tt.addresses[0][1], 0, tt.eventTypes, protocol, types.Ingress, icmpType, store.WindowStart, store.WindowEnd)
+					for _, e := range events {
+						store.StoreEvent(e)
+					}
+					allExpected = append(allExpected, expected)
+				}
+				aggregatedEvents := store.GetAggregatedEvents()
+				assert.Len(t, aggregatedEvents, len(allExpected))
+				assert.ElementsMatch(t, aggregatedEvents, allExpected)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFlowAggregationOfUnknownProtocols(t *testing.T) {
+	var tests = []struct {
+		description string
+		addresses   [][]netip.Addr
+		dstPort     uint16
+		eventTypes  []types.Type
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "start and stop",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}, {netip.MustParseAddr("3.3.3.3"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			dstPort:     uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16),
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeStart, types.TypeEnd},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "start and drop",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}, {netip.MustParseAddr("3.3.3.3"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			dstPort:     uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16),
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeStart, types.TypeDrop},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "start only",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}, {netip.MustParseAddr("3.3.3.3"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			dstPort:     uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16),
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeStart},
+		},
+		{
+			description: "drop only",
+			addresses:   [][]netip.Addr{{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}, {netip.MustParseAddr("3.3.3.3"), netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2")}},
+			dstPort:     uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16),
+			eventTypes:  []types.Type{types.TypeDrop},
+		}}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.description+" "+types.ProtocolUnknown.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			store := NewAggregatingMemoryStore()
+			store.WindowEnd = time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+
+			allExpected := make([]*types.Event, 0)
+
+			for _, srcAndDst := range tt.addresses {
+				inEvents, expected := generateEventsForUnknownProtocol(srcAndDst[0], srcAndDst[1], tt.dstPort, tt.eventTypes, types.ProtocolUnknown, types.Ingress, store.WindowStart, store.WindowEnd)
+				for _, e := range inEvents {
+					store.StoreEvent(e)
+				}
+				allExpected = append(allExpected, expected...)
+			}
+
+			events := store.GetAggregatedEvents()
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, events, allExpected)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResetAggregationWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	nowFunc := func() time.Time { return now }
+	store := NewAggregatingMemoryStoreWithTimeFunc(nowFunc)
+	store.StoreEvent(&types.Event{
+		ID:        uuid.New(),
+		Timestamp: time.Now(),
+		EventFields: types.EventFields{
+			FlowID:           uuid.New(),
+			Type:             types.TypeStart,
+			Protocol:         types.TCP,
+			RuleID:           []byte("rule-id-1"),
+			Direction:        types.Ingress,
+			SourceIP:         netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"),
+			SourcePort:       1234,
+			DestIP:           netip.MustParseAddr("2.2.2.2"),
+			DestPort:         5678,
+			SourceResourceID: []byte("source-resource-id"),
+			DestResourceID:   []byte("dest-resource-id"),
+			RxPackets:        random.Uint64(),
+			TxPackets:        random.Uint64(),
+			RxBytes:          random.Uint64(),
+			TxBytes:          random.Uint64(),
+		},
+	})
+
+	now = now.Add(1 * time.Second)
+	reset := store.ResetAggregationWindow()
+	previousEvents, ok := reset.(*AggregatingMemory)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, previousEvents.WindowStart, store.WindowStart)
+	assert.Equal(t, previousEvents.WindowEnd, store.WindowStart)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, previousEvents.events)
+	assert.Empty(t, store.events)
+}
+
+func generateEvents(srcIp, dstIp netip.Addr, dstPort uint16, eventTypes []types.Type, protocol types.Protocol,
+	direction types.Direction, icmpType uint8, windowStart, windowEnd time.Time) ([]*types.Event, *types.Event) {
+	var rxPackets, txPackets, rxBytes, txBytes uint64
+	inEvents := make([]*types.Event, 0)
+	ts := time.Now()
+	flowId := uuid.New()
+	srcPort := uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16)
+
+	for idx, eventType := range eventTypes {
+		e := &types.Event{
+			ID:        uuid.New(),
+			Timestamp: ts.Add(time.Duration(idx) * time.Second),
+			EventFields: types.EventFields{
+				FlowID:           flowId,
+				Type:             eventType,
+				Protocol:         protocol,
+				RuleID:           []byte("rule-id-1"),
+				Direction:        direction,
+				SourceIP:         srcIp,
+				SourcePort:       srcPort,
+				DestIP:           dstIp,
+				DestPort:         dstPort,
+				SourceResourceID: []byte("source-resource-id"),
+				DestResourceID:   []byte("dest-resource-id"),
+				RxPackets:        random.Uint64(),
+				TxPackets:        random.Uint64(),
+				RxBytes:          random.Uint64(),
+				TxBytes:          random.Uint64(),
+			}}
+		rxBytes += e.RxBytes
+		txBytes += e.TxBytes
+		rxPackets += e.RxPackets
+		txPackets += e.TxPackets
+		inEvents = append(inEvents, e)
+		if protocol == types.ICMP || protocol == types.ICMPv6 {
+			e.ICMPType = icmpType
+		}
+	}
+
+	var start, end, drop uint64
+	for _, eventType := range eventTypes {
+		switch eventType {
+		case types.TypeStart:
+			start += 1
+		case types.TypeDrop:
+			drop += 1
+		case types.TypeEnd:
+			end += 1
+		}
+	}
+	aggregatedEvent := &types.Event{
+		ID:          inEvents[0].ID,
+		Timestamp:   inEvents[0].Timestamp,
+		WindowStart: windowStart,
+		WindowEnd:   windowEnd,
+		EventFields: types.EventFields{
+			FlowID:           flowId,
+			Type:             types.TypeUnknown,
+			Protocol:         inEvents[0].Protocol,
+			RuleID:           []byte("rule-id-1"),
+			Direction:        inEvents[0].Direction,
+			SourceIP:         srcIp,
+			SourcePort:       srcPort,
+			DestIP:           dstIp,
+			DestPort:         dstPort,
+			SourceResourceID: []byte("source-resource-id"),
+			DestResourceID:   []byte("dest-resource-id"),
+			RxPackets:        rxPackets,
+			TxPackets:        txPackets,
+			RxBytes:          rxBytes,
+			TxBytes:          txBytes,
+			NumOfStarts:      start,
+			NumOfEnds:        end,
+			NumOfDrops:       drop,
+		}}
+	if protocol == types.ICMP || protocol == types.ICMPv6 {
+		aggregatedEvent.ICMPType = icmpType
+	}
+
+	return inEvents, aggregatedEvent
+}
+
+func generateEventsForUnknownProtocol(srcIp, dstIp netip.Addr, dstPort uint16, eventTypes []types.Type, protocol types.Protocol,
+	direction types.Direction, windowStart, windowEnd time.Time) ([]*types.Event, []*types.Event) {
+	inEvents := make([]*types.Event, 0)
+	expectedEvents := make([]*types.Event, 0)
+
+	ts := time.Now()
+	flowId := uuid.New()
+	srcPort := uint16(random.Uint32() >> 16)
+
+	for idx, eventType := range eventTypes {
+		e := &types.Event{
+			ID:        uuid.New(),
+			Timestamp: ts.Add(time.Duration(idx) * time.Second),
+			EventFields: types.EventFields{
+				FlowID:           flowId,
+				Type:             eventType,
+				Protocol:         protocol,
+				RuleID:           []byte("rule-id-1"),
+				Direction:        direction,
+				SourceIP:         srcIp,
+				SourcePort:       srcPort,
+				DestIP:           dstIp,
+				DestPort:         dstPort,
+				SourceResourceID: []byte("source-resource-id"),
+				DestResourceID:   []byte("dest-resource-id"),
+				RxPackets:        random.Uint64(),
+				TxPackets:        random.Uint64(),
+				RxBytes:          random.Uint64(),
+				TxBytes:          random.Uint64(),
+			}}
+		inEvents = append(inEvents, e)
+
+		var start, end, drop uint64
+		switch eventType {
+		case types.TypeStart:
+			start = 1
+		case types.TypeDrop:
+			drop = 1
+		case types.TypeEnd:
+			end = 1
+		}
+
+		expectedEvents = append(expectedEvents, &types.Event{
+			ID:          e.ID,
+			Timestamp:   e.Timestamp,
+			WindowStart: windowStart,
+			WindowEnd:   windowEnd,
+			EventFields: types.EventFields{
+				FlowID:           flowId,
+				Type:             types.TypeUnknown,
+				Protocol:         e.Protocol,
+				RuleID:           []byte("rule-id-1"),
+				Direction:        e.Direction,
+				SourceIP:         srcIp,
+				SourcePort:       srcPort,
+				DestIP:           dstIp,
+				DestPort:         dstPort,
+				SourceResourceID: []byte("source-resource-id"),
+				DestResourceID:   []byte("dest-resource-id"),
+				RxPackets:        e.RxPackets,
+				TxPackets:        e.TxPackets,
+				RxBytes:          e.RxBytes,
+				TxBytes:          e.TxBytes,
+				NumOfStarts:      start,
+				NumOfEnds:        end,
+				NumOfDrops:       drop,
+			}})
+	}
+
+	return inEvents, expectedEvents
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/netflow/store/memory.go b/client/internal/netflow/store/memory.go
index b695a0a12..dfe764032 100644
--- a/client/internal/netflow/store/memory.go
+++ b/client/internal/netflow/store/memory.go
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 package store
 
 import (
+	"maps"
+	"math/rand"
+	v2 "math/rand/v2"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
-
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
-
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/netflow/types"
 )
 
@@ -21,6 +24,14 @@ type Memory struct {
 	events map[uuid.UUID]*types.Event
 }
 
+type AggregatingMemory struct {
+	Memory
+	WindowStart time.Time
+	WindowEnd   time.Time
+	rnd         *v2.PCG
+	nowFunc     func() time.Time
+}
+
 func (m *Memory) StoreEvent(event *types.Event) {
 	m.mux.Lock()
 	defer m.mux.Unlock()
@@ -30,7 +41,7 @@ func (m *Memory) StoreEvent(event *types.Event) {
 func (m *Memory) Close() {
 	m.mux.Lock()
 	defer m.mux.Unlock()
-	maps.Clear(m.events)
+	clear(m.events)
 }
 
 func (m *Memory) GetEvents() []*types.Event {
@@ -50,3 +61,104 @@ func (m *Memory) DeleteEvents(ids []uuid.UUID) {
 		delete(m.events, id)
 	}
 }
+
+func NewAggregatingMemoryStore() *AggregatingMemory {
+	return NewAggregatingMemoryStoreWithTimeFunc(defaultNowFunc)
+}
+
+// used in tests when deterministic (less random) time intervals are required
+func NewAggregatingMemoryStoreWithTimeFunc(nowFunc func() time.Time) *AggregatingMemory {
+	return &AggregatingMemory{WindowStart: nowFunc(), Memory: Memory{events: make(map[uuid.UUID]*types.Event)}, nowFunc: nowFunc, rnd: v2.NewPCG(rand.Uint64(), rand.Uint64())}
+}
+
+func (am *AggregatingMemory) ResetAggregationWindow() types.FlowEventAggregator {
+	am.mux.Lock()
+	defer am.mux.Unlock()
+
+	now := am.nowFunc()
+	toret := AggregatingMemory{WindowStart: am.WindowStart, WindowEnd: now, Memory: Memory{events: am.events}, rnd: v2.NewPCG(rand.Uint64(), rand.Uint64())}
+
+	am.events = make(map[uuid.UUID]*types.Event)
+	am.WindowStart = now
+
+	return &toret
+}
+
+type aggregationKey struct {
+	srcAddr   netip.Addr
+	destAddr  netip.Addr
+	destPort  uint16
+	direction int
+	protocol  uint8
+	icmpType  uint8
+	unique    uint64 // used to prevent aggregation on non icmp/udp/tcp events
+}
+
+func (am *AggregatingMemory) GetAggregatedEvents() []*types.Event {
+	am.mux.Lock()
+	defer am.mux.Unlock()
+
+	aggregated := make(map[aggregationKey]*types.Event)
+	for _, v := range am.events {
+		lookupKey := aggregationKey{srcAddr: v.SourceIP, destAddr: v.DestIP, destPort: v.DestPort, direction: int(v.Direction), protocol: uint8(v.Protocol), icmpType: v.ICMPType}
+		if _, ok := aggregated[lookupKey]; !ok {
+			event := v.Clone()
+
+			switch event.Type {
+			case types.TypeStart:
+				event.NumOfStarts += 1
+			case types.TypeDrop:
+				event.NumOfDrops += 1
+			case types.TypeEnd:
+				event.NumOfEnds += 1
+			}
+			event.Type = types.TypeUnknown
+
+			// Please note that ICMPCode field isn't propagated by the manager (see flow/proto/flow.pb.go, FlowFields struct)
+			// so the field value in an icmp event in the "aggregated" doesn't matter
+
+			event.WindowStart = am.WindowStart
+			event.WindowEnd = am.WindowEnd
+
+			if event.Protocol != types.ICMP && event.Protocol != types.ICMPv6 && event.Protocol != types.UDP && event.Protocol != types.TCP {
+				lookupKey.unique = am.rnd.Uint64() // to make the lookup key unique so we don't aggregate on it
+			}
+
+			aggregated[lookupKey] = event
+			continue
+		}
+
+		aggregatedEvent := aggregated[lookupKey]
+		if aggregatedEvent.Protocol != types.ICMP && aggregatedEvent.Protocol != types.ICMPv6 && aggregatedEvent.Protocol != types.UDP && aggregatedEvent.Protocol != types.TCP {
+			continue // we don't aggregate this type of events; shouldn't ever get here
+		}
+
+		// track the number of connections, duration?, open and close events?
+		aggregatedEvent.RxBytes += v.RxBytes
+		aggregatedEvent.RxPackets += v.RxPackets
+		aggregatedEvent.TxBytes += v.TxBytes
+		aggregatedEvent.TxPackets += v.TxPackets
+		switch v.Type {
+		case types.TypeStart:
+			aggregatedEvent.NumOfStarts += 1
+		case types.TypeDrop:
+			aggregatedEvent.NumOfDrops += 1
+		case types.TypeEnd:
+			aggregatedEvent.NumOfEnds += 1
+		}
+		if aggregatedEvent.Timestamp.Compare(v.Timestamp) > 0 {
+			aggregatedEvent.Timestamp = v.Timestamp
+			aggregatedEvent.ID = v.ID
+			aggregatedEvent.SourcePort = v.SourcePort
+		}
+		if len(aggregatedEvent.RuleID) == 0 && len(v.RuleID) != 0 {
+			aggregatedEvent.RuleID = slices.Clone(v.RuleID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return slices.Collect(maps.Values(aggregated)) // could return an iterator instead here
+}
+
+func defaultNowFunc() time.Time {
+	return time.Now()
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/netflow/types/types.go b/client/internal/netflow/types/types.go
index f76146ba3..ccb2da66b 100644
--- a/client/internal/netflow/types/types.go
+++ b/client/internal/netflow/types/types.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package types
 
 import (
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ const (
 	ICMP            = Protocol(1)
 	TCP             = Protocol(6)
 	UDP             = Protocol(17)
+	ICMPv6          = Protocol(58)
 	SCTP            = Protocol(132)
 )
 
@@ -30,6 +32,8 @@ func (p Protocol) String() string {
 		return "TCP"
 	case 17:
 		return "UDP"
+	case 58:
+		return "ICMPv6"
 	case 132:
 		return "SCTP"
 	default:
@@ -66,8 +70,10 @@ const (
 )
 
 type Event struct {
-	ID        uuid.UUID
-	Timestamp time.Time
+	ID          uuid.UUID
+	Timestamp   time.Time
+	WindowStart time.Time
+	WindowEnd   time.Time
 	EventFields
 }
 
@@ -89,6 +95,17 @@ type EventFields struct {
 	TxPackets        uint64
 	RxBytes          uint64
 	TxBytes          uint64
+	NumOfStarts      uint64
+	NumOfEnds        uint64
+	NumOfDrops       uint64
+}
+
+func (e *Event) Clone() *Event {
+	toret := *e
+	toret.RuleID = slices.Clone(e.RuleID)
+	toret.SourceResourceID = slices.Clone(e.SourceResourceID)
+	toret.DestResourceID = slices.Clone(e.DestResourceID)
+	return &toret
 }
 
 type FlowConfig struct {
@@ -111,13 +128,15 @@ type FlowManager interface {
 	GetLogger() FlowLogger
 }
 
+type FlowEventAggregator interface {
+	ResetAggregationWindow() FlowEventAggregator
+	GetAggregatedEvents() []*Event
+}
+
 type FlowLogger interface {
+	ResetAggregationWindow() FlowEventAggregator
 	// StoreEvent stores a flow event
 	StoreEvent(flowEvent EventFields)
-	// GetEvents returns all stored events
-	GetEvents() []*Event
-	// DeleteEvents deletes events from the store
-	DeleteEvents([]uuid.UUID)
 	// Close closes the logger
 	Close()
 	// Enable enables the flow logger receiver
@@ -137,6 +156,11 @@ type Store interface {
 	Close()
 }
 
+type AggregatingStore interface {
+	FlowEventAggregator
+	Store
+}
+
 // ConnTracker defines the interface for connection tracking functionality
 type ConnTracker interface {
 	// Start begins tracking connections by listening for conntrack events.
diff --git a/client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_common.go b/client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_common.go
index a4a4f76ac..f693081a6 100644
--- a/client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_common.go
+++ b/client/internal/networkmonitor/check_change_common.go
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func routeCheck(ctx context.Context, fd int, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Next
 		switch msg.Type {
 		// handle route changes
 		case unix.RTM_ADD, syscall.RTM_DELETE:
-			route, err := parseRouteMessage(buf[:n])
+			route, flags, err := parseRouteMessage(buf[:n])
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Debugf("Network monitor: error parsing routing message: %v", err)
 				continue
@@ -66,6 +66,10 @@ func routeCheck(ctx context.Context, fd int, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Next
 			}
 			switch msg.Type {
 			case unix.RTM_ADD:
+				if systemops.IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute(flags) {
+					log.Debugf("Network monitor: ignoring added default route via %s, interface %s, flags %#x", route.Gw, intf, flags)
+					continue
+				}
 				log.Infof("Network monitor: default route changed: via %s, interface %s", route.Gw, intf)
 				return nil
 			case unix.RTM_DELETE:
@@ -78,22 +82,26 @@ func routeCheck(ctx context.Context, fd int, nexthopv4, nexthopv6 systemops.Next
 	}
 }
 
-func parseRouteMessage(buf []byte) (*systemops.Route, error) {
+func parseRouteMessage(buf []byte) (*systemops.Route, int, error) {
 	msgs, err := route.ParseRIB(route.RIBTypeRoute, buf)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("parse RIB: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	if len(msgs) != 1 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message msgs: %v", msgs)
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message msgs: %v", msgs)
 	}
 
 	msg, ok := msgs[0].(*route.RouteMessage)
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %T", msgs[0])
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("unexpected RIB message type: %T", msgs[0])
 	}
 
-	return systemops.MsgToRoute(msg)
+	r, err := systemops.MsgToRoute(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return r, msg.Flags, nil
 }
 
 // waitReadable blocks until fd has data to read, or ctx is cancelled.
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/conn.go b/client/internal/peer/conn.go
index 1e416bfe7..83089606f 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/conn.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/conn.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -23,11 +24,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/id"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/worker"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/portforward"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/rosenpass"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/stdnet"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	relayClient "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client"
 )
 
+// wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold is the number of consecutive WireGuard
+// handshake timeouts after which the rosenpass state for the peer is
+// considered desynced and gets reset.
+const wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold = 3
+
 // MetricsRecorder is an interface for recording peer connection metrics
 type MetricsRecorder interface {
 	RecordConnectionStages(
@@ -86,6 +94,10 @@ type ConnConfig struct {
 
 	// ICEConfig ICE protocol configuration
 	ICEConfig icemaker.Config
+
+	// NetMgr gates the reconnection guard on OS-reported network
+	// availability; nil disables gating.
+	NetMgr *netevents.Manager
 }
 
 type Conn struct {
@@ -116,6 +128,9 @@ type Conn struct {
 	wgWatcher       *WGWatcher
 	wgWatcherWg     sync.WaitGroup
 	wgWatcherCancel context.CancelFunc
+	// wgTimeouts counts consecutive WireGuard handshake timeouts without a
+	// successful handshake in between. Guarded by mu.
+	wgTimeouts int
 
 	// used to store the remote Rosenpass key for Relayed connection in case of connection update from ice
 	rosenpassRemoteKey []byte
@@ -135,6 +150,39 @@ type Conn struct {
 	// Connection stage timestamps for metrics
 	metricsRecorder MetricsRecorder
 	metricsStages   *MetricsStages
+
+	// pendingFirstPacket is the lazyconn-captured handshake init, replayed once the real
+	// transport is up.
+	pendingFirstPacket []byte
+}
+
+// injectPendingFirstPacket replays the captured handshake through the proxy if present, else
+// directly through the ICE conn. The packet is cleared only after a successful write, so a failed
+// or transport-less attempt leaves it available for a later reinjection. Caller must hold conn.mu.
+func (conn *Conn) injectPendingFirstPacket(proxy wgproxy.Proxy, directConn net.Conn) {
+	pkt := conn.pendingFirstPacket
+	if len(pkt) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case proxy != nil:
+		if err := proxy.InjectPacket(pkt); err != nil {
+			conn.Log.Debugf("failed to reinject captured first packet via proxy: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	case directConn != nil:
+		if _, err := directConn.Write(pkt); err != nil {
+			conn.Log.Debugf("failed to reinject captured first packet via direct conn: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	default:
+		conn.Log.Debugf("no transport available to reinject captured first packet")
+		return
+	}
+
+	conn.pendingFirstPacket = nil
+	conn.Log.Debugf("reinjected captured first packet (%d bytes)", len(pkt))
 }
 
 // NewConn creates a new not opened Conn to the remote peer.
@@ -160,7 +208,6 @@ func NewConn(config ConnConfig, services ServiceDependencies) (*Conn, error) {
 		statusICE:          worker.NewAtomicStatus(),
 		dumpState:          dumpState,
 		endpointUpdater:    NewEndpointUpdater(connLog, config.WgConfig, isController(config)),
-		wgWatcher:          NewWGWatcher(connLog, config.WgConfig.WgInterface, config.Key, dumpState),
 		metricsRecorder:    services.MetricsRecorder,
 	}
 
@@ -171,6 +218,16 @@ func NewConn(config ConnConfig, services ServiceDependencies) (*Conn, error) {
 // It will try to establish a connection using ICE and in parallel with relay. The higher priority connection type will
 // be used.
 func (conn *Conn) Open(engineCtx context.Context) error {
+	return conn.open(engineCtx, nil)
+}
+
+// OpenWithFirstPacket opens the connection like Open and stashes firstPacket to be replayed once
+// the real transport is established. The packet is retained only on a successful open.
+func (conn *Conn) OpenWithFirstPacket(engineCtx context.Context, firstPacket []byte) error {
+	return conn.open(engineCtx, firstPacket)
+}
+
+func (conn *Conn) open(engineCtx context.Context, firstPacket []byte) error {
 	conn.mu.Lock()
 	defer conn.mu.Unlock()
 
@@ -202,7 +259,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) Open(engineCtx context.Context) error {
 		conn.handshaker.AddICEListener(conn.workerICE.OnNewOffer)
 	}
 
-	conn.guard = guard.NewGuard(conn.Log, conn.isConnectedOnAllWay, conn.config.Timeout, conn.srWatcher)
+	conn.guard = guard.NewGuard(conn.Log, conn.isConnectedOnAllWay, conn.config.Timeout, conn.srWatcher, conn.config.NetMgr)
 
 	conn.wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -226,6 +283,9 @@ func (conn *Conn) Open(engineCtx context.Context) error {
 		defer conn.wg.Done()
 		conn.guard.Start(conn.ctx, conn.onGuardEvent)
 	}()
+	if len(firstPacket) > 0 {
+		conn.pendingFirstPacket = slices.Clone(firstPacket)
+	}
 	conn.opened = true
 	return nil
 }
@@ -252,6 +312,8 @@ func (conn *Conn) Close(signalToRemote bool) {
 
 	if conn.wgWatcherCancel != nil {
 		conn.wgWatcherCancel()
+		conn.wgWatcher = nil
+		conn.wgWatcherCancel = nil
 	}
 	conn.workerRelay.CloseConn()
 	if conn.workerICE != nil {
@@ -383,7 +445,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) onICEConnectionIsReady(priority conntype.ConnPriority, iceConn
 		conn.dumpState.NewLocalProxy()
 		wgProxy, err = conn.newProxy(iceConnInfo.RemoteConn)
 		if err != nil {
-			conn.Log.Errorf("failed to add turn net.Conn to local proxy: %v", err)
+			conn.Log.Errorf("failed to add relayed net.Conn to local proxy: %v", err)
 			return
 		}
 		ep = wgProxy.EndpointAddr()
@@ -422,6 +484,8 @@ func (conn *Conn) onICEConnectionIsReady(priority conntype.ConnPriority, iceConn
 		conn.wgProxyRelay.RedirectAs(ep)
 	}
 
+	conn.injectPendingFirstPacket(wgProxy, iceConnInfo.RemoteConn)
+
 	conn.currentConnPriority = priority
 	conn.statusICE.SetConnected()
 	conn.updateIceState(iceConnInfo, updateTime)
@@ -545,6 +609,8 @@ func (conn *Conn) onRelayConnectionIsReady(rci RelayConnInfo) {
 
 	wgConfigWorkaround()
 
+	conn.injectPendingFirstPacket(wgProxy, nil)
+
 	conn.rosenpassRemoteKey = rci.rosenpassPubKey
 	conn.currentConnPriority = conntype.Relay
 	conn.statusRelay.SetConnected()
@@ -611,11 +677,12 @@ func (conn *Conn) onGuardEvent() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (conn *Conn) onWGDisconnected() {
+func (conn *Conn) onWGDisconnected(watcherCtx context.Context) {
 	conn.mu.Lock()
 	defer conn.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if conn.ctx.Err() != nil {
+	// watcherCtx guards against a stale watcher tearing down a connection that already superseded it.
+	if conn.ctx.Err() != nil || watcherCtx.Err() != nil {
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -631,6 +698,29 @@ func (conn *Conn) onWGDisconnected() {
 	default:
 		conn.Log.Debugf("No active connection to close on WG timeout")
 	}
+
+	conn.escalateWGTimeoutLocked()
+}
+
+// escalateWGTimeoutLocked resets the peer's rosenpass state after repeated
+// handshake timeouts. With rosenpass enabled, persistent timeouts mean the
+// preshared keys have desynced; the renewal exchange runs over the dead
+// tunnel and cannot resync them. Reporting the peer disconnected drops its
+// rosenpass state, so the next connection configuration programs the
+// rendezvous key and the tunnel can bootstrap again. Callers must hold mu.
+func (conn *Conn) escalateWGTimeoutLocked() {
+	if conn.config.RosenpassConfig.PubKey == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	conn.wgTimeouts++
+	if conn.wgTimeouts < wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold || conn.onDisconnected == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	conn.wgTimeouts = 0
+
+	conn.Log.Warnf("%d consecutive WireGuard handshake timeouts, resetting rosenpass state for peer", wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold)
+	conn.onDisconnected(conn.config.WgConfig.RemoteKey)
 }
 
 func (conn *Conn) updateRelayStatus(relayServerAddr string, rosenpassPubKey []byte, updateTime time.Time) {
@@ -750,23 +840,39 @@ func (conn *Conn) isConnectedOnAllWay() (status guard.ConnStatus) {
 	})
 }
 
+// enableWgWatcherIfNeeded starts a fresh watcher instance per connection attempt, so its
+// lifecycle stays bound to conn.mu and enable/disable can't race an old goroutine's shutdown.
+// Caller must hold conn.mu.
 func (conn *Conn) enableWgWatcherIfNeeded(enabledTime time.Time) {
-	if !conn.wgWatcher.IsEnabled() {
-		wgWatcherCtx, wgWatcherCancel := context.WithCancel(conn.ctx)
-		conn.wgWatcherCancel = wgWatcherCancel
-		conn.wgWatcherWg.Add(1)
-		go func() {
-			defer conn.wgWatcherWg.Done()
-			conn.wgWatcher.EnableWgWatcher(wgWatcherCtx, enabledTime, conn.onWGDisconnected, conn.onWGHandshakeSuccess)
-		}()
+	if conn.wgWatcher != nil {
+		return
 	}
+
+	watcher := NewWGWatcher(conn.Log, conn.config.WgConfig.WgInterface, conn.config.Key, conn.dumpState)
+	watcher.PrepareInitialHandshake()
+
+	wgWatcherCtx, wgWatcherCancel := context.WithCancel(conn.ctx)
+	conn.wgWatcher = watcher
+	conn.wgWatcherCancel = wgWatcherCancel
+
+	conn.wgWatcherWg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer conn.wgWatcherWg.Done()
+		onDisconnected := func() { conn.onWGDisconnected(wgWatcherCtx) }
+		watcher.EnableWgWatcher(wgWatcherCtx, enabledTime, onDisconnected, conn.onWGHandshakeSuccess, conn.onWGCheckSuccess)
+	}()
 }
 
+// disableWgWatcherIfNeeded cancels and drops the watcher once no transport is active. It never
+// waits for the goroutine: the timeout path reentrantly calls back here under conn.mu, so
+// blocking would deadlock. Caller must hold conn.mu.
 func (conn *Conn) disableWgWatcherIfNeeded() {
-	if conn.currentConnPriority == conntype.None && conn.wgWatcherCancel != nil {
-		conn.wgWatcherCancel()
-		conn.wgWatcherCancel = nil
+	if conn.currentConnPriority != conntype.None || conn.wgWatcher == nil {
+		return
 	}
+	conn.wgWatcherCancel()
+	conn.wgWatcher = nil
+	conn.wgWatcherCancel = nil
 }
 
 func (conn *Conn) newProxy(remoteConn net.Conn) (wgproxy.Proxy, error) {
@@ -777,9 +883,8 @@ func (conn *Conn) newProxy(remoteConn net.Conn) (wgproxy.Proxy, error) {
 	}
 
 	wgProxy := conn.config.WgConfig.WgInterface.GetProxy()
-	if err := wgProxy.AddTurnConn(conn.ctx, udpAddr, remoteConn); err != nil {
-		conn.Log.Errorf("failed to add turn net.Conn to local proxy: %v", err)
-		return nil, err
+	if err := wgProxy.AddRelayedConn(conn.ctx, udpAddr, remoteConn); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add relayed conn to proxy: %w", err)
 	}
 	return wgProxy, nil
 }
@@ -789,7 +894,9 @@ func (conn *Conn) resetEndpoint() {
 		return
 	}
 	conn.Log.Infof("reset wg endpoint")
-	conn.wgWatcher.Reset()
+	if conn.wgWatcher != nil {
+		conn.wgWatcher.Reset()
+	}
 	if err := conn.endpointUpdater.RemoveEndpointAddress(); err != nil {
 		conn.Log.Warnf("failed to remove endpoint address before update: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -838,6 +945,15 @@ func (conn *Conn) onWGHandshakeSuccess(when time.Time) {
 	conn.recordConnectionMetrics()
 }
 
+// onWGCheckSuccess is called for every watcher check that observed a fresh
+// handshake, including handshakes of connections that were already up when
+// the watcher started.
+func (conn *Conn) onWGCheckSuccess() {
+	conn.mu.Lock()
+	conn.wgTimeouts = 0
+	conn.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
 // recordConnectionMetrics records connection stage timestamps as metrics
 func (conn *Conn) recordConnectionMetrics() {
 	if conn.metricsRecorder == nil {
@@ -849,12 +965,9 @@ func (conn *Conn) recordConnectionMetrics() {
 	priority := conn.currentConnPriority
 	conn.mu.Unlock()
 
-	var connType metrics.ConnectionType
-	switch priority {
-	case conntype.Relay:
-		connType = metrics.ConnectionTypeRelay
-	default:
-		connType = metrics.ConnectionTypeICE
+	connType := metricsConnType(priority)
+	if connType == metrics.ConnectionTypeUnknown {
+		return
 	}
 
 	// Record metrics with timestamps - duration calculation happens in metrics package
@@ -899,7 +1012,7 @@ func (conn *Conn) presharedKey(remoteRosenpassKey []byte) *wgtypes.Key {
 	}
 
 	// Fallback to deterministic key if no NetBird PSK is configured
-	determKey, err := conn.rosenpassDetermKey()
+	determKey, err := rosenpass.DeterministicSeedKey(conn.config.LocalKey, conn.config.Key)
 	if err != nil {
 		conn.Log.Errorf("failed to generate Rosenpass initial key: %v", err)
 		return nil
@@ -908,26 +1021,6 @@ func (conn *Conn) presharedKey(remoteRosenpassKey []byte) *wgtypes.Key {
 	return determKey
 }
 
-// todo: move this logic into Rosenpass package
-func (conn *Conn) rosenpassDetermKey() (*wgtypes.Key, error) {
-	lk := []byte(conn.config.LocalKey)
-	rk := []byte(conn.config.Key) // remote key
-	var keyInput []byte
-	if string(lk) > string(rk) {
-		//nolint:gocritic
-		keyInput = append(lk[:16], rk[:16]...)
-	} else {
-		//nolint:gocritic
-		keyInput = append(rk[:16], lk[:16]...)
-	}
-
-	key, err := wgtypes.NewKey(keyInput)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &key, nil
-}
-
 func isController(config ConnConfig) bool {
 	return config.LocalKey > config.Key
 }
@@ -975,3 +1068,16 @@ func boolToConnStatus(connected bool) guard.ConnStatus {
 	}
 	return guard.ConnStatusDisconnected
 }
+
+func metricsConnType(priority conntype.ConnPriority) metrics.ConnectionType {
+	switch priority {
+	case conntype.Relay:
+		return metrics.ConnectionTypeRelay
+	case conntype.ICETurn:
+		return metrics.ConnectionTypeICETurn
+	case conntype.ICEP2P:
+		return metrics.ConnectionTypeICEP2P
+	default:
+		return metrics.ConnectionTypeUnknown
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/conn_status.go b/client/internal/peer/conn_status.go
index b43e245f3..d6ad37b70 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/conn_status.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/conn_status.go
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ type connStatusInputs struct {
 	iceInProgress       bool // a negotiation is currently in flight
 }
 
-
 // ConnStatus describe the status of a peer's connection
 type ConnStatus int32
 
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/conn_test.go b/client/internal/peer/conn_test.go
index 59216b647..b709d5e40 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/conn_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/conn_test.go
@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/metrics"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/conntype"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/dispatcher"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/guard"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/ice"
@@ -304,3 +307,114 @@ func TestConn_presharedKey_RosenpassManaged(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected non-nil presharedKey before Rosenpass manages PSK")
 	}
 }
+
+func newWGTimeoutTestConn(rosenpassEnabled bool, disconnected *[]string) *Conn {
+	cfg := ConnConfig{
+		Key:      "LLHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+		LocalKey: "RRHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU=",
+		WgConfig: WgConfig{RemoteKey: "LLHf3Ma6z6mdLbriAJbqhX7+nM/B71lgw2+91q3LfhU="},
+	}
+	if rosenpassEnabled {
+		cfg.RosenpassConfig = RosenpassConfig{PubKey: []byte("dummykey")}
+	}
+
+	conn := &Conn{
+		ctx:           context.Background(),
+		config:        cfg,
+		Log:           log.WithField("peer", cfg.Key),
+		metricsStages: &MetricsStages{},
+	}
+	conn.SetOnDisconnected(func(remotePeer string) {
+		*disconnected = append(*disconnected, remotePeer)
+	})
+	return conn
+}
+
+// TestConn_onWGDisconnected_EscalatesToRosenpassReset: repeated handshake
+// timeouts with rosenpass enabled mean the preshared keys have desynced. The
+// renewal exchange runs over the dead tunnel and cannot resync them, so after
+// wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold consecutive timeouts the conn must report the
+// peer disconnected, dropping its rosenpass state so the next configuration
+// programs the rendezvous key.
+func TestConn_onWGDisconnected_EscalatesToRosenpassReset(t *testing.T) {
+	var disconnected []string
+	conn := newWGTimeoutTestConn(true, &disconnected)
+
+	for i := 0; i < wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold-1; i++ {
+		conn.onWGDisconnected(conn.ctx)
+	}
+	assert.Empty(t, disconnected, "escalation must not fire below the threshold")
+
+	conn.onWGDisconnected(conn.ctx)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{conn.config.WgConfig.RemoteKey}, disconnected,
+		"reaching the threshold must report the peer disconnected once")
+
+	for i := 0; i < wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold-1; i++ {
+		conn.onWGDisconnected(conn.ctx)
+	}
+	assert.Len(t, disconnected, 1, "escalation must restart counting after firing")
+
+	conn.onWGDisconnected(conn.ctx)
+	assert.Len(t, disconnected, 2, "continued timeouts must escalate again")
+}
+
+// TestConn_onWGDisconnected_CheckSuccessResetsEscalation: a successful
+// handshake between timeouts means the tunnel recovered; the counter must
+// start over.
+func TestConn_onWGDisconnected_CheckSuccessResetsEscalation(t *testing.T) {
+	var disconnected []string
+	conn := newWGTimeoutTestConn(true, &disconnected)
+
+	for i := 0; i < wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold-1; i++ {
+		conn.onWGDisconnected(conn.ctx)
+	}
+	conn.onWGCheckSuccess()
+
+	for i := 0; i < wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold-1; i++ {
+		conn.onWGDisconnected(conn.ctx)
+	}
+	assert.Empty(t, disconnected, "handshake success must reset the timeout count")
+}
+
+// TestConn_onWGDisconnected_NoEscalationWithoutRosenpass: without rosenpass
+// there is no per-peer key state to reset; repeated timeouts must not report
+// disconnects.
+func TestConn_onWGDisconnected_NoEscalationWithoutRosenpass(t *testing.T) {
+	var disconnected []string
+	conn := newWGTimeoutTestConn(false, &disconnected)
+
+	for i := 0; i < wgTimeoutEscalationThreshold*3; i++ {
+		conn.onWGDisconnected(conn.ctx)
+	}
+	assert.Empty(t, disconnected, "escalation must be limited to rosenpass connections")
+}
+
+func TestMetricsConnType(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		priority conntype.ConnPriority
+		expected metrics.ConnectionType
+	}{
+		{"relay", conntype.Relay, metrics.ConnectionTypeRelay},
+		{"ice over turn is relayed, not p2p", conntype.ICETurn, metrics.ConnectionTypeICETurn},
+		{"direct p2p", conntype.ICEP2P, metrics.ConnectionTypeICEP2P},
+		{"unset priority is unknown, not p2p", conntype.None, metrics.ConnectionTypeUnknown},
+		{"unrecognised priority is unknown", conntype.ConnPriority(99), metrics.ConnectionTypeUnknown},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, metricsConnType(tc.priority))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetricsConnType_RelayedMatchesIsRelayed(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, priority := range []conntype.ConnPriority{conntype.None, conntype.Relay, conntype.ICETurn, conntype.ICEP2P} {
+		conn := &Conn{currentConnPriority: priority}
+		tag := metricsConnType(priority)
+		relayedTag := tag == metrics.ConnectionTypeRelay || tag == metrics.ConnectionTypeICETurn
+		assert.Equal(t, conn.isRelayed(), relayedTag,
+			"priority %s: isRelayed and the %q metric tag must agree", priority, tag)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/env.go b/client/internal/peer/env.go
index b4ba9ad7b..ed6a3af53 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/env.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/env.go
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	EnvKeyNBForceRelay = "NB_FORCE_RELAY"
+	EnvKeyNBForceRelay       = "NB_FORCE_RELAY"
+	EnvKeyNBHomeRelayServers = "NB_HOME_RELAY_SERVERS"
 )
 
 func IsForceRelayed() bool {
@@ -16,3 +17,28 @@ func IsForceRelayed() bool {
 	}
 	return strings.EqualFold(os.Getenv(EnvKeyNBForceRelay), "true")
 }
+
+// OverrideRelayURLs returns the relay server URL list set in
+// NB_HOME_RELAY_SERVERS (comma-separated) and a boolean indicating whether
+// the override is active. When the env var is unset, the boolean is false
+// and the caller should keep the list received from the management server.
+// Intended for lab/debug scenarios where a peer must pin to a specific home
+// relay regardless of what management offers.
+func OverrideRelayURLs() ([]string, bool) {
+	raw := os.Getenv(EnvKeyNBHomeRelayServers)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(raw, ",")
+	urls := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, p := range parts {
+		p = strings.TrimSpace(p)
+		if p != "" {
+			urls = append(urls, p)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(urls) == 0 {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return urls, true
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/guard/guard.go b/client/internal/peer/guard/guard.go
index 2e5efbcc5..73bab2a89 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/guard/guard.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/guard/guard.go
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ const (
 
 type connStatusFunc func() ConnStatus
 
+// NetworkWatcher is the availability view the guard gates reconnects on.
+type NetworkWatcher interface {
+	IsOnline() bool
+	Changed() <-chan struct{}
+}
+
 // Guard is responsible for the reconnection logic.
 // It will trigger to send an offer to the peer then has connection issues.
 // Watch these events:
@@ -31,20 +37,26 @@ type connStatusFunc func() ConnStatus
 // - Relayed connection disconnected
 // - ICE candidate changes
 type Guard struct {
-	log                     *log.Entry
-	isConnectedOnAllWay     connStatusFunc
-	timeout                 time.Duration
-	srWatcher               *SRWatcher
+	log                 *log.Entry
+	isConnectedOnAllWay connStatusFunc
+	timeout             time.Duration
+	srWatcher           *SRWatcher
+	// netWatcher gates reconnect attempts on OS-reported network availability;
+	// nil disables gating.
+	netWatcher              NetworkWatcher
 	relayedConnDisconnected chan struct{}
 	iCEConnDisconnected     chan struct{}
 }
 
-func NewGuard(log *log.Entry, isConnectedFn connStatusFunc, timeout time.Duration, srWatcher *SRWatcher) *Guard {
+// NewGuard creates a reconnection guard for a peer connection. A nil netWatcher
+// disables network availability gating.
+func NewGuard(log *log.Entry, isConnectedFn connStatusFunc, timeout time.Duration, srWatcher *SRWatcher, netWatcher NetworkWatcher) *Guard {
 	return &Guard{
 		log:                     log,
 		isConnectedOnAllWay:     isConnectedFn,
 		timeout:                 timeout,
 		srWatcher:               srWatcher,
+		netWatcher:              netWatcher,
 		relayedConnDisconnected: make(chan struct{}, 1),
 		iCEConnDisconnected:     make(chan struct{}, 1),
 	}
@@ -85,16 +97,30 @@ func (g *Guard) reconnectLoopWithRetry(ctx context.Context, callback func()) {
 	defer g.srWatcher.RemoveListener(srReconnectedChan)
 
 	ticker := g.initialTicker(ctx)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
+	defer func() {
+		// If backoff.Ticker.send is blocked, context.Done will not close the Ticker goroutine.
+		// We have to explicitly call Stop, even if we use backoff.WithContext.
+		ticker.Stop()
+	}()
 
 	tickerChannel := ticker.C
 
 	iceState := &iceRetryState{log: g.log}
 	defer iceState.reset()
 
+	var netChanged <-chan struct{}
+	if g.netWatcher != nil {
+		netChanged = g.netWatcher.Changed()
+	}
+
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-tickerChannel:
+			// skip attempts while the OS reports no usable network; the
+			// netChanged case below resumes the loop once it returns
+			if g.netWatcher != nil && !g.netWatcher.IsOnline() {
+				continue
+			}
 			switch g.isConnectedOnAllWay() {
 			case ConnStatusConnected:
 				// all good, nothing to do
@@ -131,6 +157,23 @@ func (g *Guard) reconnectLoopWithRetry(ctx context.Context, callback func()) {
 			tickerChannel = ticker.C
 			iceState.reset()
 
+		case <-netChanged:
+			// Re-arm for the next transition before acting on this one.
+			netChanged = g.netWatcher.Changed()
+			if !g.netWatcher.IsOnline() {
+				continue
+			}
+			// Ticks skipped while offline drove the backoff towards its
+			// maximum without ever attempting, and left the ICE budget
+			// frozen — possibly in hourly mode. Recover on our own so the
+			// peer does not depend on a signal or relay event that never
+			// comes when both stayed up across the outage.
+			g.log.Debugf("network is back, reset reconnection ticker")
+			ticker.Stop()
+			ticker = g.newReconnectTicker(ctx)
+			tickerChannel = ticker.C
+			iceState.reset()
+
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			g.log.Debugf("context is done, stop reconnect loop")
 			return
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/guard/guard_leak_test.go b/client/internal/peer/guard/guard_leak_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d82ec591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/peer/guard/guard_leak_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package guard
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/ice"
+)
+
+func newTestGuard(status connStatusFunc) *Guard {
+	srw := NewSRWatcher(nil, nil, nil, ice.Config{})
+	return NewGuard(log.WithField("test", "guard"), status, 50*time.Millisecond, srw, nil)
+}
+
+// countBackoffTickerGoroutines returns how many goroutines are currently sitting
+// in backoff/v4.(*Ticker).run (a ticker goroutine that has not exited).
+func countBackoffTickerGoroutines() int {
+	buf := make([]byte, 1<<25) // 32MB
+	n := runtime.Stack(buf, true)
+	return strings.Count(string(buf[:n]), "backoff/v4.(*Ticker).run")
+}
+
+// TestGuard_ReconnectTicker_NoGoroutineLeakOnShutdown reproduces a observed
+// leak: after a shutdown burst, ticker run/send goroutines stay parked
+// forever even though every reconnect loop has exited.
+func TestGuard_ReconnectTicker_NoGoroutineLeakOnShutdown(t *testing.T) {
+	before := countBackoffTickerGoroutines()
+
+	const peers = 6000
+	cancels := make([]context.CancelFunc, 0, peers)
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	// A status check slower than the tick cadence. This models the real
+	// isConnectedOnAllWay/callback doing work: while the loop is busy in the
+	// handler, the ticker fires the next tick and parks in send(), because
+	// send() never selects on ctx.
+	slowStatus := func() ConnStatus {
+		time.Sleep(70 * time.Millisecond)
+		return ConnStatusConnected
+	}
+
+	for range peers {
+		g := newTestGuard(slowStatus)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cancels = append(cancels, cancel)
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			g.Start(ctx, func() {})
+		}()
+		// Force the live ticker to be a newReconnectTicker.
+		g.SetRelayedConnDisconnected()
+	}
+
+	// Let the replacement tickers get past their 800ms initial interval, so
+	// many are parked in send() waiting on the (slow) consumer when we tear
+	// everything down.
+	time.Sleep(1500 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Shutdown burst: cancel every peer at once, like engine teardown.
+	for _, c := range cancels {
+		c()
+	}
+
+	// Every reconnect loop must return
+	waitCh := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() { wg.Wait(); close(waitCh) }()
+	select {
+	case <-waitCh:
+	case <-time.After(30 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("not all reconnect loops returned after ctx cancel")
+	}
+
+	// Give any correctly-stopped ticker goroutines time to unwind.
+	for range 50 {
+		runtime.Gosched()
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+
+	leaked := countBackoffTickerGoroutines() - before
+	t.Logf("backoff Ticker.run goroutines still parked after teardown of %d peers: %d", peers, leaked)
+	if leaked > 0 {
+		t.Errorf("LEAK: %d backoff ticker goroutines parked after all reconnect loops exited "+
+			"(defer ticker.Stop() stops the initial ticker, not the live replacement)", leaked)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/guard/guard_netstate_test.go b/client/internal/peer/guard/guard_netstate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44999cae1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/peer/guard/guard_netstate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package guard
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/ice"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents/netstate"
+)
+
+// newTestGuardWithNetState builds a guard with a realistic MaxInterval: the
+// backoff must be able to grow well past the outage, as it does in production
+// where the timeout is seconds to minutes.
+func newTestGuardWithNetState(status connStatusFunc, netState *netstate.State) *Guard {
+	srw := NewSRWatcher(nil, nil, nil, ice.Config{})
+	return NewGuard(log.WithField("test", "guard"), status, 30*time.Second, srw, netState)
+}
+
+// TestGuard_RecoversAfterOfflineToOnline covers a peer that stays disconnected
+// across a network outage while neither signal nor relay reports an event —
+// both stayed up, as on a short airplane mode toggle over Wi-Fi.
+//
+// Every tick taken while offline is skipped, but it still advances the
+// exponential backoff, so by the time the network returns the next tick can be
+// tens of seconds away. Without an explicit reaction to the transition the
+// peer waits out that interval for a recovery that could start immediately.
+func TestGuard_RecoversAfterOfflineToOnline(t *testing.T) {
+	netState := netstate.New()
+
+	var attempts atomic.Int32
+	g := newTestGuardWithNetState(func() ConnStatus { return ConnStatusDisconnected }, netState)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	// Start from the reconnect ticker (800ms initial interval), the state a
+	// peer is in after it loses its connection.
+	go g.Start(ctx, func() { attempts.Add(1) })
+	g.SetRelayedConnDisconnected()
+
+	// Let the backoff climb: 0.8s, 1.6s, 3.2s, 6.4s ... every tick is skipped
+	// while offline, but each one doubles the wait for the next.
+	netState.Set(false)
+	time.Sleep(8 * time.Second)
+
+	offlineAttempts := attempts.Load()
+	if offlineAttempts != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("callback ran %d times while offline, want 0", offlineAttempts)
+	}
+
+	netState.Set(true)
+
+	// The next organic tick is now several seconds out, so anything within
+	// this window can only come from reacting to the transition itself.
+	pollCtx, stopPolling := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 2*time.Second)
+	defer stopPolling()
+
+	select {
+	case <-pollCtx.Done():
+		t.Fatal("peer was not retried within 2s of the network coming back, " +
+			"with neither a signal nor a relay event to fall back on")
+	case <-pollUntil(pollCtx, func() bool { return attempts.Load() > 0 }):
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGuard_OfflineTransitionDoesNotRetry checks the other direction: going
+// offline must not itself trigger an attempt.
+func TestGuard_OfflineTransitionDoesNotRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	netState := netstate.New()
+
+	var attempts atomic.Int32
+	g := newTestGuardWithNetState(func() ConnStatus { return ConnStatusDisconnected }, netState)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	go g.Start(ctx, func() { attempts.Add(1) })
+
+	netState.Set(false)
+	time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+
+	if got := attempts.Load(); got != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("callback ran %d times after going offline, want 0", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// pollUntil closes the returned channel once cond holds. It gives up when ctx
+// is done, so the polling goroutine never outlives the test that started it.
+func pollUntil(ctx context.Context, cond func() bool) <-chan struct{} {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			if cond() {
+				close(done)
+				return
+			}
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-time.After(10 * time.Millisecond):
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	return done
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/handshaker.go b/client/internal/peer/handshaker.go
index 741dfce60..6ecb2a947 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/handshaker.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/handshaker.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package peer
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
@@ -40,6 +41,10 @@ type OfferAnswer struct {
 
 	// relay server address
 	RelaySrvAddress string
+	// RelaySrvIP is the IP the remote peer is connected to on its
+	// relay server. Used as a dial target if DNS for RelaySrvAddress
+	// fails. Zero value if the peer did not advertise an IP.
+	RelaySrvIP netip.Addr
 	// SessionID is the unique identifier of the session, used to discard old messages
 	SessionID *ICESessionID
 }
@@ -76,14 +81,19 @@ type Handshaker struct {
 
 func NewHandshaker(log *log.Entry, config ConnConfig, signaler *Signaler, ice *WorkerICE, relay *WorkerRelay, metricsStages *MetricsStages) *Handshaker {
 	h := &Handshaker{
-		log:            log,
-		config:         config,
-		signaler:       signaler,
-		ice:            ice,
-		relay:          relay,
-		metricsStages:  metricsStages,
-		remoteOffersCh: make(chan OfferAnswer),
-		remoteAnswerCh: make(chan OfferAnswer),
+		log:           log,
+		config:        config,
+		signaler:      signaler,
+		ice:           ice,
+		relay:         relay,
+		metricsStages: metricsStages,
+		// Buffered by one so an offer or answer that arrives between Open launching
+		// the Listen goroutine and it reaching its receive is held rather than
+		// dropped. A peer activated by an incoming signal receives the remote's
+		// message in that window; an unbuffered channel skips it as "receiver not
+		// ready", and the connection cannot proceed until the remote re-sends.
+		remoteOffersCh: make(chan OfferAnswer, 1),
+		remoteAnswerCh: make(chan OfferAnswer, 1),
 	}
 	// assume remote supports ICE until we learn otherwise from received offers
 	h.remoteICESupported.Store(ice != nil)
@@ -157,29 +167,38 @@ func (h *Handshaker) SendOffer() error {
 	return h.sendOffer()
 }
 
-// OnRemoteOffer handles an offer from the remote peer and returns true if the message was accepted, false otherwise
-// doesn't block, discards the message if connection wasn't ready
+// OnRemoteOffer hands an offer to Listen without blocking, keeping only the most
+// recent one if several arrive before Listen reads them.
 func (h *Handshaker) OnRemoteOffer(offer OfferAnswer) {
-	select {
-	case h.remoteOffersCh <- offer:
-		return
-	default:
-		h.log.Warnf("skipping remote offer message because receiver not ready")
-		// connection might not be ready yet to receive so we ignore the message
-		return
-	}
+	enqueueLatest(h.remoteOffersCh, offer)
 }
 
-// OnRemoteAnswer handles an offer from the remote peer and returns true if the message was accepted, false otherwise
-// doesn't block, discards the message if connection wasn't ready
+// OnRemoteAnswer hands an answer to Listen without blocking, keeping only the most
+// recent one if several arrive before Listen reads them.
 func (h *Handshaker) OnRemoteAnswer(answer OfferAnswer) {
+	enqueueLatest(h.remoteAnswerCh, answer)
+}
+
+// enqueueLatest delivers msg on a one-slot channel without blocking. When the slot
+// already holds an unread message the older one is discarded in favor of msg, so a
+// message arriving before Listen starts reading is held rather than dropped, and
+// the newest wins if several arrive first. Safe because there is a single producer
+// (the engine loop): after draining the stale value the send always has room.
+func enqueueLatest(ch chan OfferAnswer, msg OfferAnswer) {
 	select {
-	case h.remoteAnswerCh <- answer:
+	case ch <- msg:
 		return
 	default:
-		// connection might not be ready yet to receive so we ignore the message
-		h.log.Warnf("skipping remote answer message because receiver not ready")
-		return
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ch:
+	default:
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case ch <- msg:
+	default:
 	}
 }
 
@@ -190,14 +209,14 @@ func (h *Handshaker) sendOffer() error {
 	}
 
 	offer := h.buildOfferAnswer()
-	h.log.Infof("sending offer with serial: %s", offer.SessionIDString())
+	h.log.Debugf("sending offer with serial: %s", offer.SessionIDString())
 
 	return h.signaler.SignalOffer(offer, h.config.Key)
 }
 
 func (h *Handshaker) sendAnswer() error {
 	answer := h.buildOfferAnswer()
-	h.log.Infof("sending answer with serial: %s", answer.SessionIDString())
+	h.log.Debugf("sending answer with serial: %s", answer.SessionIDString())
 
 	return h.signaler.SignalAnswer(answer, h.config.Key)
 }
@@ -217,8 +236,9 @@ func (h *Handshaker) buildOfferAnswer() OfferAnswer {
 		answer.SessionID = &sid
 	}
 
-	if addr, err := h.relay.RelayInstanceAddress(); err == nil {
+	if addr, ip, err := h.relay.RelayInstanceAddress(); err == nil {
 		answer.RelaySrvAddress = addr
+		answer.RelaySrvIP = ip
 	}
 
 	return answer
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/handshaker_test.go b/client/internal/peer/handshaker_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e203d78b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/peer/handshaker_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package peer
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func newTestHandshaker(t *testing.T) *Handshaker {
+	t.Helper()
+	// The tests exercise the answer path, whose Listen branch dispatches to the
+	// relay listener without sending an answer, so no signaler/ICE/relay is needed.
+	return NewHandshaker(log.WithField("test", t.Name()), ConnConfig{}, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+}
+
+// TestHandshakerHoldsSignalArrivingBeforeListen covers the case where a peer is
+// activated by an incoming signal: the remote's offer/answer arrives in the same
+// step that opens the connection, before the Listen loop starts reading. The
+// message must be held rather than dropped, or the connection cannot proceed until
+// the remote re-sends. This is the path taken when an eager peer connects to a
+// lazily-managed one.
+func TestHandshakerHoldsSignalArrivingBeforeListen(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestHandshaker(t)
+
+	processed := make(chan *OfferAnswer, 4)
+	h.AddRelayListener(func(o *OfferAnswer) { processed <- o })
+
+	// Delivered before Listen is reading, as when the peer is woken by the remote's
+	// signal and the message is delivered right after Open.
+	h.OnRemoteAnswer(OfferAnswer{WgListenPort: 51820})
+
+	go h.Listen(t.Context())
+
+	select {
+	case <-processed:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		assert.Fail(t, "remote-answer dispatch: signal delivered before Listen was ready was dropped")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHandshakerKeepsLatestSignalBeforeListen covers several signals arriving
+// before Listen reads: the newest must win (matching the latest-offer contract),
+// rather than the first being kept and later ones discarded.
+func TestHandshakerKeepsLatestSignalBeforeListen(t *testing.T) {
+	h := newTestHandshaker(t)
+
+	processed := make(chan *OfferAnswer, 4)
+	h.AddRelayListener(func(o *OfferAnswer) { processed <- o })
+
+	h.OnRemoteAnswer(OfferAnswer{WgListenPort: 1111})
+	h.OnRemoteAnswer(OfferAnswer{WgListenPort: 2222})
+
+	go h.Listen(t.Context())
+
+	select {
+	case got := <-processed:
+		assert.Equal(t, 2222, got.WgListenPort, "remote-answer dispatch: the latest queued signal should be processed")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		assert.Fail(t, "remote-answer dispatch: queued signal was dropped")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/listener.go b/client/internal/peer/listener.go
index c601fe534..2bb7fcf32 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/listener.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/listener.go
@@ -1,11 +1,40 @@
 package peer
 
+// ClientState identifies the client connection state delivered via
+// Listener.OnStateChanged.
+type ClientState int
+
+// Client states. The numeric values cross the gomobile boundary (the mobile
+// bindings re-export them as integer constants), so they are a wire format:
+// append new states at the end, never reorder or insert.
+const (
+	ClientStateDisconnected ClientState = iota
+	ClientStateConnected
+	ClientStateConnecting
+	ClientStateDisconnecting
+	// ClientStateNoNetwork is an overlay state: it is never stored as the
+	// last notification, only derived from ClientStateConnecting while the
+	// OS reports no usable network (see notifier.effectiveState).
+	ClientStateNoNetwork
+)
+
 // Listener is a callback type about the NetBird network connection state
 type Listener interface {
+	// OnStateChanged reports every client state transition. New states are
+	// delivered only through this callback; the per-state callbacks below
+	// are kept for compatibility and will be removed once all consumers
+	// have migrated.
+	OnStateChanged(state ClientState)
+
+	// Deprecated: consume OnStateChanged instead.
 	OnConnected()
+	// Deprecated: consume OnStateChanged instead.
 	OnDisconnected()
+	// Deprecated: consume OnStateChanged instead.
 	OnConnecting()
+	// Deprecated: consume OnStateChanged instead.
 	OnDisconnecting()
+
 	OnAddressChanged(string, string)
 	OnPeersListChanged(int)
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/notifier.go b/client/internal/peer/notifier.go
index 8d1954fe5..1ee1d32ea 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/notifier.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/notifier.go
@@ -4,31 +4,64 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 )
 
-const (
-	stateDisconnected = iota
-	stateConnected
-	stateConnecting
-	stateDisconnecting
-)
-
 type notifier struct {
+	// publishLock orders state publication: it is held across computing the
+	// effective state and handing it to the listener, so a transition cannot
+	// overtake a newer one and leave the listener on a stale state.
+	publishLock        sync.Mutex
 	serverStateLock    sync.Mutex
 	listenersLock      sync.Mutex
 	listener           Listener
 	currentClientState bool
-	lastNotification   int
+	lastNotification   ClientState
 	lastNumberOfPeers  int
 	lastFqdnAddress    string
 	lastIPAddress      string
+	networkAvailable   bool
 }
 
 func newNotifier() *notifier {
-	return &notifier{}
+	return &notifier{
+		networkAvailable: true,
+	}
+}
+
+// effectiveState maps the computed state to what listeners should see:
+// while the OS reports no usable network, "Connecting" would be a lie —
+// connection attempts are suspended — so it is reported as NoNetwork.
+// Caller must hold serverStateLock.
+func (n *notifier) effectiveState(state ClientState) ClientState {
+	if !n.networkAvailable && state == ClientStateConnecting {
+		return ClientStateNoNetwork
+	}
+	return state
+}
+
+// setNetworkAvailable records the OS network availability and re-notifies
+// the listener when the flag flips the effective state (Connecting <->
+// NoNetwork).
+func (n *notifier) setNetworkAvailable(available bool) {
+	n.publishLock.Lock()
+	defer n.publishLock.Unlock()
+
+	n.serverStateLock.Lock()
+	if n.networkAvailable == available {
+		n.serverStateLock.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	previous := n.effectiveState(n.lastNotification)
+	n.networkAvailable = available
+	current := n.effectiveState(n.lastNotification)
+	n.serverStateLock.Unlock()
+
+	if previous != current {
+		n.notify(current)
+	}
 }
 
 func (n *notifier) setListener(listener Listener) {
 	n.serverStateLock.Lock()
-	lastNotification := n.lastNotification
+	lastNotification := n.effectiveState(n.lastNotification)
 	numOfPeers := n.lastNumberOfPeers
 	fqdnAddress := n.lastFqdnAddress
 	address := n.lastIPAddress
@@ -52,6 +85,9 @@ func (n *notifier) removeListener() {
 }
 
 func (n *notifier) updateServerStates(mgmState bool, signalState bool) {
+	n.publishLock.Lock()
+	defer n.publishLock.Unlock()
+
 	n.serverStateLock.Lock()
 	calculatedState := n.calculateState(mgmState, signalState)
 
@@ -61,43 +97,54 @@ func (n *notifier) updateServerStates(mgmState bool, signalState bool) {
 	}
 
 	n.lastNotification = calculatedState
+	effective := n.effectiveState(calculatedState)
 	n.serverStateLock.Unlock()
 
-	n.notify(calculatedState)
+	n.notify(effective)
 }
 
 func (n *notifier) clientStart() {
+	n.publishLock.Lock()
+	defer n.publishLock.Unlock()
+
 	n.serverStateLock.Lock()
 	n.currentClientState = true
-	n.lastNotification = stateConnecting
+	n.lastNotification = ClientStateConnecting
+	effective := n.effectiveState(ClientStateConnecting)
 	n.serverStateLock.Unlock()
 
-	n.notify(stateConnecting)
+	n.notify(effective)
 }
 
 func (n *notifier) clientStop() {
+	n.publishLock.Lock()
+	defer n.publishLock.Unlock()
+
 	n.serverStateLock.Lock()
 	n.currentClientState = false
-	n.lastNotification = stateDisconnected
+	n.lastNotification = ClientStateDisconnected
 	n.serverStateLock.Unlock()
 
-	n.notify(stateDisconnected)
+	n.notify(ClientStateDisconnected)
 }
 
 func (n *notifier) clientTearDown() {
+	n.publishLock.Lock()
+	defer n.publishLock.Unlock()
+
 	n.serverStateLock.Lock()
 	n.currentClientState = false
-	n.lastNotification = stateDisconnecting
+	n.lastNotification = ClientStateDisconnecting
 	n.serverStateLock.Unlock()
 
-	n.notify(stateDisconnecting)
+	n.notify(ClientStateDisconnecting)
 }
 
-func (n *notifier) isServerStateChanged(newState int) bool {
+func (n *notifier) isServerStateChanged(newState ClientState) bool {
 	return n.lastNotification != newState
 }
 
-func (n *notifier) notify(state int) {
+func (n *notifier) notify(state ClientState) {
 	n.listenersLock.Lock()
 	listener := n.listener
 	n.listenersLock.Unlock()
@@ -109,20 +156,20 @@ func (n *notifier) notify(state int) {
 	notifyListener(listener, state)
 }
 
-func (n *notifier) calculateState(managementConn, signalConn bool) int {
+func (n *notifier) calculateState(managementConn, signalConn bool) ClientState {
 	if managementConn && signalConn {
-		return stateConnected
+		return ClientStateConnected
 	}
 
 	if !managementConn && !signalConn && !n.currentClientState {
-		return stateDisconnected
+		return ClientStateDisconnected
 	}
 
-	if n.lastNotification == stateDisconnecting {
-		return stateDisconnecting
+	if n.lastNotification == ClientStateDisconnecting {
+		return ClientStateDisconnecting
 	}
 
-	return stateConnecting
+	return ClientStateConnecting
 }
 
 func (n *notifier) peerListChanged(numOfPeers int) {
@@ -159,15 +206,19 @@ func (n *notifier) localAddressChanged(fqdn, address string) {
 	listener.OnAddressChanged(fqdn, address)
 }
 
-func notifyListener(l Listener, state int) {
+func notifyListener(l Listener, state ClientState) {
+	// legacy per-state callbacks; NoNetwork is delivered only via
+	// OnStateChanged below
 	switch state {
-	case stateDisconnected:
+	case ClientStateDisconnected:
 		l.OnDisconnected()
-	case stateConnected:
+	case ClientStateConnected:
 		l.OnConnected()
-	case stateConnecting:
+	case ClientStateConnecting:
 		l.OnConnecting()
-	case stateDisconnecting:
+	case ClientStateDisconnecting:
 		l.OnDisconnecting()
 	}
+
+	l.OnStateChanged(state)
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/notifier_concurrent_test.go b/client/internal/peer/notifier_concurrent_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fcaaaad3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/peer/notifier_concurrent_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package peer
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type recordingListener struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	states  []ClientState
+	onState func(ClientState)
+}
+
+func (l *recordingListener) OnStateChanged(state ClientState) {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	l.states = append(l.states, state)
+	hook := l.onState
+	l.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if hook != nil {
+		hook(state)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *recordingListener) last() (ClientState, bool) {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(l.states) == 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	return l.states[len(l.states)-1], true
+}
+
+func (l *recordingListener) snapshot() []ClientState {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	return append([]ClientState(nil), l.states...)
+}
+
+func (l *recordingListener) OnConnected()                    {}
+func (l *recordingListener) OnDisconnected()                 {}
+func (l *recordingListener) OnConnecting()                   {}
+func (l *recordingListener) OnDisconnecting()                {}
+func (l *recordingListener) OnAddressChanged(string, string) {}
+func (l *recordingListener) OnPeersListChanged(int)          {}
+
+// TestNotifier_ConcurrentAvailabilityFlipOrdersPublication holds the first
+// transition inside the listener callback and flips availability again from
+// another goroutine while it is parked. The second flip must not publish
+// ahead of the one in flight, otherwise the listener ends up on a state the
+// notifier already superseded.
+func TestNotifier_ConcurrentAvailabilityFlipOrdersPublication(t *testing.T) {
+	n := newNotifier()
+	n.currentClientState = true
+	n.lastNotification = ClientStateConnecting
+
+	entered := make(chan struct{})
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+
+	l := &recordingListener{}
+	l.onState = func(state ClientState) {
+		if state != ClientStateNoNetwork {
+			return
+		}
+		l.mu.Lock()
+		l.onState = nil
+		l.mu.Unlock()
+		close(entered)
+		<-release
+	}
+	n.listener = l
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		n.setNetworkAvailable(false)
+	}()
+
+	<-entered
+
+	flipped := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(flipped)
+		n.setNetworkAvailable(true)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-flipped:
+		t.Fatal("the online transition published while the offline one was " +
+			"still in flight; publication is not serialized")
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	close(release)
+	<-flipped
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	got, ok := l.last()
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("listener never observed a state")
+	}
+	if got != ClientStateConnecting {
+		t.Fatalf("listener holds %v after the network came back, want Connecting; sequence: %v",
+			got, l.snapshot())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/notifier_test.go b/client/internal/peer/notifier_test.go
index bbdc00e13..a73016b05 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/notifier_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/notifier_test.go
@@ -6,33 +6,38 @@ import (
 )
 
 type mocListener struct {
-	lastState int
+	lastState ClientState
 	wg        sync.WaitGroup
+	peersWg   sync.WaitGroup
 	peers     int
 }
 
 func (l *mocListener) OnConnected() {
-	l.lastState = stateConnected
+	l.lastState = ClientStateConnected
 	l.wg.Done()
 }
 func (l *mocListener) OnDisconnected() {
-	l.lastState = stateDisconnected
+	l.lastState = ClientStateDisconnected
 	l.wg.Done()
 }
 func (l *mocListener) OnConnecting() {
-	l.lastState = stateConnecting
+	l.lastState = ClientStateConnecting
 	l.wg.Done()
 }
 func (l *mocListener) OnDisconnecting() {
-	l.lastState = stateDisconnecting
+	l.lastState = ClientStateDisconnecting
 	l.wg.Done()
 }
 
+func (l *mocListener) OnStateChanged(state ClientState) {
+
+}
 func (l *mocListener) OnAddressChanged(host, addr string) {
 
 }
 func (l *mocListener) OnPeersListChanged(size int) {
 	l.peers = size
+	l.peersWg.Done()
 }
 
 func (l *mocListener) setWaiter() {
@@ -43,19 +48,27 @@ func (l *mocListener) wait() {
 	l.wg.Wait()
 }
 
+func (l *mocListener) setPeersWaiter() {
+	l.peersWg.Add(1)
+}
+
+func (l *mocListener) waitPeers() {
+	l.peersWg.Wait()
+}
+
 func Test_notifier_serverState(t *testing.T) {
 
 	type scenario struct {
 		name        string
-		expected    int
+		expected    ClientState
 		mgmState    bool
 		signalState bool
 	}
 	scenarios := []scenario{
-		{"connected", stateConnected, true, true},
-		{"mgm down", stateConnecting, false, true},
-		{"signal down", stateConnecting, true, false},
-		{"disconnected", stateDisconnected, false, false},
+		{"connected", ClientStateConnected, true, true},
+		{"mgm down", ClientStateConnecting, false, true},
+		{"signal down", ClientStateConnecting, true, false},
+		{"disconnected", ClientStateDisconnected, false, false},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range scenarios {
@@ -72,11 +85,13 @@ func Test_notifier_serverState(t *testing.T) {
 func Test_notifier_SetListener(t *testing.T) {
 	listener := &mocListener{}
 	listener.setWaiter()
+	listener.setPeersWaiter()
 
 	n := newNotifier()
-	n.lastNotification = stateConnecting
+	n.lastNotification = ClientStateConnecting
 	n.setListener(listener)
 	listener.wait()
+	listener.waitPeers()
 	if listener.lastState != n.lastNotification {
 		t.Errorf("invalid state: %d, expected: %d", listener.lastState, n.lastNotification)
 	}
@@ -85,9 +100,14 @@ func Test_notifier_SetListener(t *testing.T) {
 func Test_notifier_RemoveListener(t *testing.T) {
 	listener := &mocListener{}
 	listener.setWaiter()
+	listener.setPeersWaiter()
 	n := newNotifier()
-	n.lastNotification = stateConnecting
+	n.lastNotification = ClientStateConnecting
 	n.setListener(listener)
+	// setListener replays cached state on a goroutine; wait for both the state
+	// and peers callbacks to finish so we don't race on listener.peers.
+	listener.wait()
+	listener.waitPeers()
 	n.removeListener()
 	n.peerListChanged(1)
 
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/signaler.go b/client/internal/peer/signaler.go
index f6eb87cca..5e437d96b 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/signaler.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/signaler.go
@@ -54,19 +54,19 @@ func (s *Signaler) signalOfferAnswer(offerAnswer OfferAnswer, remoteKey string,
 			log.Warnf("failed to get session ID bytes: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
-	msg, err := signal.MarshalCredential(
-		s.wgPrivateKey,
-		offerAnswer.WgListenPort,
-		remoteKey,
-		&signal.Credential{
+	msg, err := signal.MarshalCredential(s.wgPrivateKey, remoteKey, signal.CredentialPayload{
+		Type:         bodyType,
+		WgListenPort: offerAnswer.WgListenPort,
+		Credential: &signal.Credential{
 			UFrag: offerAnswer.IceCredentials.UFrag,
 			Pwd:   offerAnswer.IceCredentials.Pwd,
 		},
-		bodyType,
-		offerAnswer.RosenpassPubKey,
-		offerAnswer.RosenpassAddr,
-		offerAnswer.RelaySrvAddress,
-		sessionIDBytes)
+		RosenpassPubKey: offerAnswer.RosenpassPubKey,
+		RosenpassAddr:   offerAnswer.RosenpassAddr,
+		RelaySrvAddress: offerAnswer.RelaySrvAddress,
+		RelaySrvIP:      offerAnswer.RelaySrvIP,
+		SessionID:       sessionIDBytes,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/status.go b/client/internal/peer/status.go
index abedc208e..bf36b944b 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/status.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/status.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ type RouterState struct {
 type State struct {
 	Mux                        *sync.RWMutex
 	IP                         string
+	IPv6                       string
 	PubKey                     string
 	FQDN                       string
 	ConnStatus                 ConnStatus
@@ -106,9 +108,11 @@ func (s *State) GetRoutes() map[string]struct{} {
 // LocalPeerState contains the latest state of the local peer
 type LocalPeerState struct {
 	IP              string
+	IPv6            string
 	PubKey          string
 	KernelInterface bool
 	FQDN            string
+	WgPort          int
 	Routes          map[string]struct{}
 }
 
@@ -183,23 +187,35 @@ func (s *StatusChangeSubscription) Events() chan map[string]RouterState {
 	return s.eventsChan
 }
 
-// Status holds a state of peers, signal, management connections and relays
+// Status holds a state of peers, signal, management connections and relays.
+// mux is an RWMutex so hot read paths (notably PeerStateByIP, called for
+// every private-service request) don't contend against each other.
+// Pure read methods take RLock; anything that mutates state takes Lock.
 type Status struct {
-	mux                   sync.Mutex
-	peers                 map[string]State
-	changeNotify          map[string]map[string]*StatusChangeSubscription // map[peerID]map[subscriptionID]*StatusChangeSubscription
-	signalState           bool
-	signalError           error
-	managementState       bool
-	managementError       error
-	relayStates           []relay.ProbeResult
-	localPeer             LocalPeerState
-	offlinePeers          []State
-	mgmAddress            string
-	signalAddress         string
-	notifier              *notifier
-	rosenpassEnabled      bool
-	rosenpassPermissive   bool
+	mux                 sync.RWMutex
+	muxRelays           sync.RWMutex
+	peers               map[string]State
+	ipToKey             map[string]string
+	changeNotify        map[string]map[string]*StatusChangeSubscription // map[peerID]map[subscriptionID]*StatusChangeSubscription
+	signalState         bool
+	signalError         error
+	managementState     bool
+	managementError     error
+	relayStates         []relay.ProbeResult
+	localPeer           LocalPeerState
+	offlinePeers        []State
+	mgmAddress          string
+	signalAddress       string
+	notifier            *notifier
+	rosenpassEnabled    bool
+	rosenpassPermissive bool
+	// sessionExpiresAt is the absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO
+	// session expires. Zero when the peer is not SSO-tracked or login
+	// expiration is disabled. Populated from management LoginResponse /
+	// SyncResponse and exposed via the daemon's Status / SubscribeStatus RPC
+	// so the UI can show remaining time without itself talking to mgm.
+	sessionExpiresAt time.Time
+
 	nsGroupStates         []NSGroupState
 	resolvedDomainsStates map[domain.Domain]ResolvedDomainInfo
 	lazyConnectionEnabled bool
@@ -215,6 +231,21 @@ type Status struct {
 	eventStreams map[string]chan *proto.SystemEvent
 	eventQueue   *EventQueue
 
+	// stateChangeStreams fan-out connection-state changes (connected /
+	// disconnected / connecting / address change / peers list change) to
+	// every active SubscribeStatus gRPC stream. Each subscriber gets a
+	// buffered chan; the notifier non-blockingly pings them so a slow
+	// consumer can never stall the daemon.
+	stateChangeMux     sync.Mutex
+	stateChangeStreams map[string]chan struct{}
+
+	// networksRevision bumps whenever the routed-networks set or their
+	// selected state changes (driven by the route manager). Surfaced in the
+	// status snapshot so the UI can fingerprint on it and re-fetch
+	// ListNetworks only on a real change. Atomic so the snapshot builder can
+	// read it without taking mux.
+	networksRevision atomic.Uint64
+
 	ingressGwMgr *ingressgw.Manager
 
 	routeIDLookup routeIDLookup
@@ -225,9 +256,11 @@ type Status struct {
 func NewRecorder(mgmAddress string) *Status {
 	return &Status{
 		peers:                 make(map[string]State),
+		ipToKey:               make(map[string]string),
 		changeNotify:          make(map[string]map[string]*StatusChangeSubscription),
 		eventStreams:          make(map[string]chan *proto.SystemEvent),
 		eventQueue:            NewEventQueue(eventQueueSize),
+		stateChangeStreams:    make(map[string]chan struct{}),
 		offlinePeers:          make([]State, 0),
 		notifier:              newNotifier(),
 		mgmAddress:            mgmAddress,
@@ -236,8 +269,8 @@ func NewRecorder(mgmAddress string) *Status {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) SetRelayMgr(manager *relayClient.Manager) {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.muxRelays.Lock()
+	defer d.muxRelays.Unlock()
 	d.relayMgr = manager
 }
 
@@ -259,7 +292,7 @@ func (d *Status) ReplaceOfflinePeers(replacement []State) {
 }
 
 // AddPeer adds peer to Daemon status map
-func (d *Status) AddPeer(peerPubKey string, fqdn string, ip string) error {
+func (d *Status) AddPeer(peerPubKey string, fqdn string, ip string, ipv6 string) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
 	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
@@ -270,18 +303,25 @@ func (d *Status) AddPeer(peerPubKey string, fqdn string, ip string) error {
 	d.peers[peerPubKey] = State{
 		PubKey:     peerPubKey,
 		IP:         ip,
+		IPv6:       ipv6,
 		ConnStatus: StatusIdle,
 		FQDN:       fqdn,
 		Mux:        new(sync.RWMutex),
 	}
 	d.peerListChangedForNotification = true
+	if ipv6 != "" {
+		d.ipToKey[ipv6] = peerPubKey
+	}
+	if ip != "" {
+		d.ipToKey[ip] = peerPubKey
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 // GetPeer adds peer to Daemon status map
 func (d *Status) GetPeer(peerPubKey string) (State, error) {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	state, ok := d.peers[peerPubKey]
 	if !ok {
@@ -291,8 +331,8 @@ func (d *Status) GetPeer(peerPubKey string) (State, error) {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) PeerByIP(ip string) (string, bool) {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	for _, state := range d.peers {
 		if state.IP == ip {
@@ -302,17 +342,45 @@ func (d *Status) PeerByIP(ip string) (string, bool) {
 	return "", false
 }
 
+// PeerStateByIP returns the full peer State for the given tunnel IP.
+// Matches against either the IPv4 (State.IP) or IPv6 (State.IPv6) tunnel
+// address so dual-stack peers are reachable on either family. Only
+// active peers are matched; peers moved into the offline slice by
+// ReplaceOfflinePeers are intentionally treated as unknown.
+func (d *Status) PeerStateByIP(ip string) (State, bool) {
+	if ip == "" {
+		return State{}, false
+	}
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
+	key, ok := d.ipToKey[ip]
+	if !ok {
+		return State{}, false
+	}
+	state, ok := d.peers[key]
+	if ok {
+		return state, true
+	}
+	return State{}, false
+}
+
 // RemovePeer removes peer from Daemon status map
 func (d *Status) RemovePeer(peerPubKey string) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
 	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
-	_, ok := d.peers[peerPubKey]
+	p, ok := d.peers[peerPubKey]
 	if !ok {
 		return errors.New("no peer with to remove")
 	}
 
 	delete(d.peers, peerPubKey)
+	if mappedKey, exists := d.ipToKey[p.IP]; exists && mappedKey == peerPubKey {
+		delete(d.ipToKey, p.IP)
+	}
+	if mappedKey, exists := d.ipToKey[p.IPv6]; exists && mappedKey == peerPubKey {
+		delete(d.ipToKey, p.IPv6)
+	}
 	d.peerListChangedForNotification = true
 	return nil
 }
@@ -320,10 +388,10 @@ func (d *Status) RemovePeer(peerPubKey string) error {
 // UpdatePeerState updates peer status
 func (d *Status) UpdatePeerState(receivedState State) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
 	peerState, ok := d.peers[receivedState.PubKey]
 	if !ok {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
 		return errors.New("peer doesn't exist")
 	}
 
@@ -343,23 +411,30 @@ func (d *Status) UpdatePeerState(receivedState State) error {
 
 	d.peers[receivedState.PubKey] = peerState
 
-	if hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus) {
-		d.notifyPeerListChanged()
-	}
-
+	notifyList := hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus)
 	// when we close the connection we will not notify the router manager
-	if receivedState.ConnStatus == StatusIdle {
-		d.notifyPeerStateChangeListeners(receivedState.PubKey)
+	notifyRouter := receivedState.ConnStatus == StatusIdle
+	routerSnapshot := d.snapshotRouterPeersLocked(receivedState.PubKey, notifyRouter)
+	numPeers := d.numOfPeers()
+
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	if notifyList {
+		d.notifier.peerListChanged(numPeers)
 	}
+	if notifyRouter {
+		d.dispatchRouterPeers(receivedState.PubKey, routerSnapshot)
+	}
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (d *Status) AddPeerStateRoute(peer string, route string, resourceId route.ResID) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
 	peerState, ok := d.peers[peer]
 	if !ok {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
 		return errors.New("peer doesn't exist")
 	}
 
@@ -371,17 +446,21 @@ func (d *Status) AddPeerStateRoute(peer string, route string, resourceId route.R
 		d.routeIDLookup.AddRemoteRouteID(resourceId, pref)
 	}
 
+	numPeers := d.numOfPeers()
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
 	// todo: consider to make sense of this notification or not
-	d.notifyPeerListChanged()
+	d.notifier.peerListChanged(numPeers)
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (d *Status) RemovePeerStateRoute(peer string, route string) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
 	peerState, ok := d.peers[peer]
 	if !ok {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
 		return errors.New("peer doesn't exist")
 	}
 
@@ -393,8 +472,12 @@ func (d *Status) RemovePeerStateRoute(peer string, route string) error {
 		d.routeIDLookup.RemoveRemoteRouteID(pref)
 	}
 
+	numPeers := d.numOfPeers()
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
 	// todo: consider to make sense of this notification or not
-	d.notifyPeerListChanged()
+	d.notifier.peerListChanged(numPeers)
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -410,10 +493,10 @@ func (d *Status) CheckRoutes(ip netip.Addr) ([]byte, bool) {
 
 func (d *Status) UpdatePeerICEState(receivedState State) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
 	peerState, ok := d.peers[receivedState.PubKey]
 	if !ok {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
 		return errors.New("peer doesn't exist")
 	}
 
@@ -431,22 +514,29 @@ func (d *Status) UpdatePeerICEState(receivedState State) error {
 
 	d.peers[receivedState.PubKey] = peerState
 
-	if hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus) {
-		d.notifyPeerListChanged()
-	}
+	notifyList := hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus)
+	notifyRouter := hasStatusOrRelayedChange(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus, oldIsRelayed, receivedState.Relayed)
+	routerSnapshot := d.snapshotRouterPeersLocked(receivedState.PubKey, notifyRouter)
+	numPeers := d.numOfPeers()
 
-	if hasStatusOrRelayedChange(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus, oldIsRelayed, receivedState.Relayed) {
-		d.notifyPeerStateChangeListeners(receivedState.PubKey)
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	if notifyList {
+		d.notifier.peerListChanged(numPeers)
 	}
+	if notifyRouter {
+		d.dispatchRouterPeers(receivedState.PubKey, routerSnapshot)
+	}
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (d *Status) UpdatePeerRelayedState(receivedState State) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
 	peerState, ok := d.peers[receivedState.PubKey]
 	if !ok {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
 		return errors.New("peer doesn't exist")
 	}
 
@@ -461,22 +551,29 @@ func (d *Status) UpdatePeerRelayedState(receivedState State) error {
 
 	d.peers[receivedState.PubKey] = peerState
 
-	if hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus) {
-		d.notifyPeerListChanged()
-	}
+	notifyList := hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus)
+	notifyRouter := hasStatusOrRelayedChange(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus, oldIsRelayed, receivedState.Relayed)
+	routerSnapshot := d.snapshotRouterPeersLocked(receivedState.PubKey, notifyRouter)
+	numPeers := d.numOfPeers()
 
-	if hasStatusOrRelayedChange(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus, oldIsRelayed, receivedState.Relayed) {
-		d.notifyPeerStateChangeListeners(receivedState.PubKey)
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	if notifyList {
+		d.notifier.peerListChanged(numPeers)
 	}
+	if notifyRouter {
+		d.dispatchRouterPeers(receivedState.PubKey, routerSnapshot)
+	}
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (d *Status) UpdatePeerRelayedStateToDisconnected(receivedState State) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
 	peerState, ok := d.peers[receivedState.PubKey]
 	if !ok {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
 		return errors.New("peer doesn't exist")
 	}
 
@@ -490,22 +587,29 @@ func (d *Status) UpdatePeerRelayedStateToDisconnected(receivedState State) error
 
 	d.peers[receivedState.PubKey] = peerState
 
-	if hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus) {
-		d.notifyPeerListChanged()
-	}
+	notifyList := hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus)
+	notifyRouter := hasStatusOrRelayedChange(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus, oldIsRelayed, receivedState.Relayed)
+	routerSnapshot := d.snapshotRouterPeersLocked(receivedState.PubKey, notifyRouter)
+	numPeers := d.numOfPeers()
 
-	if hasStatusOrRelayedChange(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus, oldIsRelayed, receivedState.Relayed) {
-		d.notifyPeerStateChangeListeners(receivedState.PubKey)
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	if notifyList {
+		d.notifier.peerListChanged(numPeers)
 	}
+	if notifyRouter {
+		d.dispatchRouterPeers(receivedState.PubKey, routerSnapshot)
+	}
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (d *Status) UpdatePeerICEStateToDisconnected(receivedState State) error {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
 	peerState, ok := d.peers[receivedState.PubKey]
 	if !ok {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
 		return errors.New("peer doesn't exist")
 	}
 
@@ -522,13 +626,20 @@ func (d *Status) UpdatePeerICEStateToDisconnected(receivedState State) error {
 
 	d.peers[receivedState.PubKey] = peerState
 
-	if hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus) {
-		d.notifyPeerListChanged()
-	}
+	notifyList := hasConnStatusChanged(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus)
+	notifyRouter := hasStatusOrRelayedChange(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus, oldIsRelayed, receivedState.Relayed)
+	routerSnapshot := d.snapshotRouterPeersLocked(receivedState.PubKey, notifyRouter)
+	numPeers := d.numOfPeers()
 
-	if hasStatusOrRelayedChange(oldState, receivedState.ConnStatus, oldIsRelayed, receivedState.Relayed) {
-		d.notifyPeerStateChangeListeners(receivedState.PubKey)
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	if notifyList {
+		d.notifier.peerListChanged(numPeers)
 	}
+	if notifyRouter {
+		d.dispatchRouterPeers(receivedState.PubKey, routerSnapshot)
+	}
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -594,18 +705,35 @@ func (d *Status) UpdatePeerSSHHostKey(peerPubKey string, sshHostKey []byte) erro
 // FinishPeerListModifications this event invoke the notification
 func (d *Status) FinishPeerListModifications() {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
 
 	if !d.peerListChangedForNotification {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
 		return
 	}
 	d.peerListChangedForNotification = false
 
-	d.notifyPeerListChanged()
+	numPeers := d.numOfPeers()
 
-	for key := range d.peers {
-		d.notifyPeerStateChangeListeners(key)
+	// snapshot per-peer router state to deliver after the lock is released
+	type routerDispatch struct {
+		peerID   string
+		snapshot map[string]RouterState
 	}
+	dispatches := make([]routerDispatch, 0, len(d.peers))
+	for key := range d.peers {
+		snapshot := d.snapshotRouterPeersLocked(key, true)
+		if snapshot != nil {
+			dispatches = append(dispatches, routerDispatch{peerID: key, snapshot: snapshot})
+		}
+	}
+
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	d.notifier.peerListChanged(numPeers)
+	for _, rd := range dispatches {
+		d.dispatchRouterPeers(rd.peerID, rd.snapshot)
+	}
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 }
 
 func (d *Status) SubscribeToPeerStateChanges(ctx context.Context, peerID string) *StatusChangeSubscription {
@@ -647,18 +775,53 @@ func (d *Status) UnsubscribePeerStateChanges(subscription *StatusChangeSubscript
 
 // GetLocalPeerState returns the local peer state
 func (d *Status) GetLocalPeerState() LocalPeerState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return d.localPeer.Clone()
 }
 
 // UpdateLocalPeerState updates local peer status
 func (d *Status) UpdateLocalPeerState(localPeerState LocalPeerState) {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
-
 	d.localPeer = localPeerState
-	d.notifyAddressChanged()
+	fqdn := d.localPeer.FQDN
+	ip := d.localPeer.IP
+	if d.localPeer.IPv6 != "" {
+		ip = ip + "\n" + d.localPeer.IPv6
+	}
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	d.notifier.localAddressChanged(fqdn, ip)
+	d.notifyStateChange()
+}
+
+// SetSessionExpiresAt records the absolute UTC instant at which the peer's
+// SSO session is set to expire. Pass the zero value to clear (e.g. when the
+// management server stops publishing a deadline because login expiration was
+// disabled or the peer is not SSO-tracked). Same-value updates are no-ops;
+// real changes fan out via notifyStateChange so SubscribeStatus consumers
+// pick up the new deadline on their next read.
+func (d *Status) SetSessionExpiresAt(deadline time.Time) {
+	d.mux.Lock()
+	if d.sessionExpiresAt.Equal(deadline) {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	d.sessionExpiresAt = deadline
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.notifyStateChange()
+}
+
+// GetSessionExpiresAt returns the most recently recorded SSO session deadline,
+// or the zero value when no deadline is tracked. A deadline in the past is
+// returned as-is: it means the session has expired, and consumers (tray row,
+// CLI status) render it as "expired" rather than hiding it — masking it as
+// "none" would blank the UI at the exact moment it should say the session
+// ended.
+func (d *Status) GetSessionExpiresAt() time.Time {
+	d.mux.Lock()
+	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	return d.sessionExpiresAt
 }
 
 // AddLocalPeerStateRoute adds a route to the local peer state
@@ -721,30 +884,50 @@ func (d *Status) CleanLocalPeerStateRoutes() {
 // CleanLocalPeerState cleans local peer status
 func (d *Status) CleanLocalPeerState() {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
-
 	d.localPeer = LocalPeerState{}
-	d.notifyAddressChanged()
+	fqdn := d.localPeer.FQDN
+	ip := d.localPeer.IP
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	d.notifier.localAddressChanged(fqdn, ip)
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 }
 
 // MarkManagementDisconnected sets ManagementState to disconnected
 func (d *Status) MarkManagementDisconnected(err error) {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
-	defer d.onConnectionChanged()
-
+	// Health checks re-mark the same state on every probe; skip the fan-out
+	// when nothing actually changed so we don't flood SubscribeStatus
+	// consumers with identical snapshots.
+	if !d.managementState && errors.Is(d.managementError, err) {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
 	d.managementState = false
 	d.managementError = err
+	mgm := d.managementState
+	sig := d.signalState
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	d.notifier.updateServerStates(mgm, sig)
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 }
 
 // MarkManagementConnected sets ManagementState to connected
 func (d *Status) MarkManagementConnected() {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
-	defer d.onConnectionChanged()
-
+	if d.managementState && d.managementError == nil {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
 	d.managementState = true
 	d.managementError = nil
+	mgm := d.managementState
+	sig := d.signalState
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	d.notifier.updateServerStates(mgm, sig)
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 }
 
 // UpdateSignalAddress update the address of the signal server
@@ -778,26 +961,40 @@ func (d *Status) UpdateLazyConnection(enabled bool) {
 // MarkSignalDisconnected sets SignalState to disconnected
 func (d *Status) MarkSignalDisconnected(err error) {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
-	defer d.onConnectionChanged()
-
+	if !d.signalState && errors.Is(d.signalError, err) {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
 	d.signalState = false
 	d.signalError = err
+	mgm := d.managementState
+	sig := d.signalState
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	d.notifier.updateServerStates(mgm, sig)
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 }
 
 // MarkSignalConnected sets SignalState to connected
 func (d *Status) MarkSignalConnected() {
 	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
-	defer d.onConnectionChanged()
-
+	if d.signalState && d.signalError == nil {
+		d.mux.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
 	d.signalState = true
 	d.signalError = nil
+	mgm := d.managementState
+	sig := d.signalState
+	d.mux.Unlock()
+
+	d.notifier.updateServerStates(mgm, sig)
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 }
 
 func (d *Status) UpdateRelayStates(relayResults []relay.ProbeResult) {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.muxRelays.Lock()
+	defer d.muxRelays.Unlock()
 	d.relayStates = relayResults
 }
 
@@ -839,8 +1036,8 @@ func (d *Status) DeleteResolvedDomainsStates(domain domain.Domain) {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetRosenpassState() RosenpassState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return RosenpassState{
 		d.rosenpassEnabled,
 		d.rosenpassPermissive,
@@ -848,14 +1045,14 @@ func (d *Status) GetRosenpassState() RosenpassState {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetLazyConnection() bool {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return d.lazyConnectionEnabled
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetManagementState() ManagementState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return ManagementState{
 		d.mgmAddress,
 		d.managementState,
@@ -881,8 +1078,8 @@ func (d *Status) UpdateLatency(pubKey string, latency time.Duration) error {
 
 // IsLoginRequired determines if a peer's login has expired.
 func (d *Status) IsLoginRequired() bool {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	// if peer is connected to the management then login is not expired
 	if d.managementState {
@@ -897,8 +1094,8 @@ func (d *Status) IsLoginRequired() bool {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetSignalState() SignalState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return SignalState{
 		d.signalAddress,
 		d.signalState,
@@ -908,21 +1105,26 @@ func (d *Status) GetSignalState() SignalState {
 
 // GetRelayStates returns the stun/turn/permanent relay states
 func (d *Status) GetRelayStates() []relay.ProbeResult {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.muxRelays.RLock()
 	if d.relayMgr == nil {
-		return d.relayStates
+		defer d.muxRelays.RUnlock()
+		return slices.Clone(d.relayStates)
 	}
 
-	// extend the list of stun, turn servers with relay address
+	relayMgr := d.relayMgr
+	// extend the list of stun, turn servers with the relay server connections
 	relayStates := slices.Clone(d.relayStates)
+	d.muxRelays.RUnlock()
 
-	// if the server connection is not established then we will use the general address
-	// in case of connection we will use the instance specific address
-	instanceAddr, err := d.relayMgr.RelayInstanceAddress()
-	if err != nil {
-		// TODO add their status
-		for _, r := range d.relayMgr.ServerURLs() {
+	states := relayMgr.RelayStates()
+	if len(states) == 0 {
+		// no relay connection tracked yet; surface configured servers as
+		// unavailable with the real reconnect error when known
+		err := relayClient.ErrRelayClientNotConnected
+		if connErr := relayMgr.RelayConnectError(); connErr != nil {
+			err = connErr
+		}
+		for _, r := range relayMgr.ServerURLs() {
 			relayStates = append(relayStates, relay.ProbeResult{
 				URI: r,
 				Err: err,
@@ -931,15 +1133,19 @@ func (d *Status) GetRelayStates() []relay.ProbeResult {
 		return relayStates
 	}
 
-	relayState := relay.ProbeResult{
-		URI: instanceAddr,
+	for _, rs := range states {
+		relayStates = append(relayStates, relay.ProbeResult{
+			URI:       rs.URL,
+			Err:       rs.Err,
+			Transport: rs.Transport,
+		})
 	}
-	return append(relayStates, relayState)
+	return relayStates
 }
 
 func (d *Status) ForwardingRules() []firewall.ForwardRule {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	if d.ingressGwMgr == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -948,19 +1154,31 @@ func (d *Status) ForwardingRules() []firewall.ForwardRule {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetDNSStates() []NSGroupState {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	// shallow copy is good enough, as slices fields are currently not updated
 	return slices.Clone(d.nsGroupStates)
 }
 
 func (d *Status) GetResolvedDomainsStates() map[domain.Domain]ResolvedDomainInfo {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	return maps.Clone(d.resolvedDomainsStates)
 }
 
+// GetPeerStates returns a snapshot of all known peer states, including offline peers.
+func (d *Status) GetPeerStates() []State {
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
+
+	states := make([]State, 0, d.numOfPeers())
+	for _, state := range d.peers {
+		states = append(states, state)
+	}
+	return append(states, d.offlinePeers...)
+}
+
 // GetFullStatus gets full status
 func (d *Status) GetFullStatus() FullStatus {
 	fullStatus := FullStatus{
@@ -973,8 +1191,8 @@ func (d *Status) GetFullStatus() FullStatus {
 		LazyConnectionEnabled: d.GetLazyConnection(),
 	}
 
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 
 	fullStatus.LocalPeerState = d.localPeer
 
@@ -990,16 +1208,25 @@ func (d *Status) GetFullStatus() FullStatus {
 // ClientStart will notify all listeners about the new service state
 func (d *Status) ClientStart() {
 	d.notifier.clientStart()
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 }
 
 // ClientStop will notify all listeners about the new service state
 func (d *Status) ClientStop() {
 	d.notifier.clientStop()
+	d.notifyStateChange()
 }
 
 // ClientTeardown will notify all listeners about the service is under teardown
 func (d *Status) ClientTeardown() {
 	d.notifier.clientTearDown()
+	d.notifyStateChange()
+}
+
+// SetNetworkAvailable records the OS-reported network availability; while
+// unavailable, listeners see NoNetwork instead of Connecting.
+func (d *Status) SetNetworkAvailable(available bool) {
+	d.notifier.setNetworkAvailable(available)
 }
 
 // SetConnectionListener set a listener to the notifier
@@ -1012,18 +1239,17 @@ func (d *Status) RemoveConnectionListener() {
 	d.notifier.removeListener()
 }
 
-func (d *Status) onConnectionChanged() {
-	d.notifier.updateServerStates(d.managementState, d.signalState)
-}
-
-// notifyPeerStateChangeListeners notifies route manager about the change in peer state
-func (d *Status) notifyPeerStateChangeListeners(peerID string) {
-	subs, ok := d.changeNotify[peerID]
-	if !ok {
-		return
+// snapshotRouterPeersLocked builds the RouterState map for a peer's subscribers.
+// Caller MUST hold d.mux. Returns nil when there are no subscribers for peerID
+// or when notify is false. The snapshot is consumed later by dispatchRouterPeers
+// outside the lock so the channel send cannot stall any d.mux holder.
+func (d *Status) snapshotRouterPeersLocked(peerID string, notify bool) map[string]RouterState {
+	if !notify {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if _, ok := d.changeNotify[peerID]; !ok {
+		return nil
 	}
-
-	// collect the relevant data for router peers
 	routerPeers := make(map[string]RouterState, len(d.changeNotify))
 	for pid := range d.changeNotify {
 		s, ok := d.peers[pid]
@@ -1031,13 +1257,35 @@ func (d *Status) notifyPeerStateChangeListeners(peerID string) {
 			log.Warnf("router peer not found in peers list: %s", pid)
 			continue
 		}
-
 		routerPeers[pid] = RouterState{
 			Status:  s.ConnStatus,
 			Relayed: s.Relayed,
 			Latency: s.Latency,
 		}
 	}
+	return routerPeers
+}
+
+// dispatchRouterPeers delivers a previously snapshotted router-state map to
+// the peer's subscribers. Caller MUST NOT hold d.mux. The method takes a
+// fresh, short read of d.changeNotify under the lock to grab subscriber
+// channels, then sends outside the lock so a slow consumer cannot block other
+// d.mux holders. The send itself stays blocking (only short-circuited by the
+// subscriber's context) so peer state transitions are not silently dropped.
+func (d *Status) dispatchRouterPeers(peerID string, routerPeers map[string]RouterState) {
+	if routerPeers == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	d.mux.Lock()
+	subsMap, ok := d.changeNotify[peerID]
+	subs := make([]*StatusChangeSubscription, 0, len(subsMap))
+	if ok {
+		for _, sub := range subsMap {
+			subs = append(subs, sub)
+		}
+	}
+	d.mux.Unlock()
 
 	for _, sub := range subs {
 		select {
@@ -1047,14 +1295,6 @@ func (d *Status) notifyPeerStateChangeListeners(peerID string) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (d *Status) notifyPeerListChanged() {
-	d.notifier.peerListChanged(d.numOfPeers())
-}
-
-func (d *Status) notifyAddressChanged() {
-	d.notifier.localAddressChanged(d.localPeer.FQDN, d.localPeer.IP)
-}
-
 func (d *Status) numOfPeers() int {
 	return len(d.peers) + len(d.offlinePeers)
 }
@@ -1128,6 +1368,79 @@ func (d *Status) GetEventHistory() []*proto.SystemEvent {
 	return d.eventQueue.GetAll()
 }
 
+// SubscribeToStateChanges hands back a channel that receives a tick on
+// every connection-state change (connected / disconnected / connecting /
+// address change / peers-list change). The channel is buffered to one
+// pending tick so a coalesced burst still wakes the consumer exactly
+// once. Pass the returned id to UnsubscribeFromStateChanges to detach.
+func (d *Status) SubscribeToStateChanges() (string, <-chan struct{}) {
+	d.stateChangeMux.Lock()
+	defer d.stateChangeMux.Unlock()
+
+	id := uuid.New().String()
+	ch := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	d.stateChangeStreams[id] = ch
+	return id, ch
+}
+
+// UnsubscribeFromStateChanges releases a SubscribeToStateChanges channel
+// and closes it so any consumer goroutine selecting on the channel
+// unblocks cleanly.
+func (d *Status) UnsubscribeFromStateChanges(id string) {
+	d.stateChangeMux.Lock()
+	defer d.stateChangeMux.Unlock()
+
+	if ch, ok := d.stateChangeStreams[id]; ok {
+		close(ch)
+		delete(d.stateChangeStreams, id)
+	}
+}
+
+// notifyStateChange wakes every SubscribeToStateChanges subscriber. Drops
+// the tick if a subscriber's buffer is full — by definition the consumer
+// is already going to fetch the latest snapshot, so multiple pending ticks
+// would be redundant.
+func (d *Status) notifyStateChange() {
+	d.stateChangeMux.Lock()
+	defer d.stateChangeMux.Unlock()
+
+	for _, ch := range d.stateChangeStreams {
+		select {
+		case ch <- struct{}{}:
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// NotifyStateChange is the public wake-the-subscribers entry point used by
+// callers that mutate state outside the peer recorder — most importantly
+// the connect-state machine, which writes StatusNeedsLogin into the
+// shared contextState (client/internal/state.go) without touching any
+// recorder field. Without this push the SubscribeStatus stream stays on
+// the previous snapshot until an unrelated peer/management/signal
+// change happens to fire notifyStateChange, leaving the UI's status
+// out of sync with the daemon.
+func (d *Status) NotifyStateChange() {
+	d.notifyStateChange()
+}
+
+// BumpNetworksRevision increments the routed-networks revision and wakes every
+// SubscribeStatus subscriber. The route manager calls it when a network map
+// changes the available routes or when a selection is applied — the peer
+// status itself only records actively-routed (chosen) networks, so without
+// this bump a candidate route appearing/disappearing would never reach the UI.
+func (d *Status) BumpNetworksRevision() {
+	d.networksRevision.Add(1)
+	d.notifyStateChange()
+}
+
+// GetNetworksRevision returns the current routed-networks revision, surfaced in
+// the status snapshot so the UI can detect route/selection changes (see
+// BumpNetworksRevision).
+func (d *Status) GetNetworksRevision() uint64 {
+	return d.networksRevision.Load()
+}
+
 func (d *Status) SetWgIface(wgInterface WGIfaceStatus) {
 	d.mux.Lock()
 	defer d.mux.Unlock()
@@ -1136,8 +1449,8 @@ func (d *Status) SetWgIface(wgInterface WGIfaceStatus) {
 }
 
 func (d *Status) PeersStatus() (*configurer.Stats, error) {
-	d.mux.Lock()
-	defer d.mux.Unlock()
+	d.mux.RLock()
+	defer d.mux.RUnlock()
 	if d.wgIface == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("wgInterface is nil, cannot retrieve peers status")
 	}
@@ -1239,9 +1552,11 @@ func (fs FullStatus) ToProto() *proto.FullStatus {
 	}
 
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.IP = fs.LocalPeerState.IP
+	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.Ipv6 = fs.LocalPeerState.IPv6
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.PubKey = fs.LocalPeerState.PubKey
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.KernelInterface = fs.LocalPeerState.KernelInterface
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.Fqdn = fs.LocalPeerState.FQDN
+	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.WgPort = int32(fs.LocalPeerState.WgPort)
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.RosenpassPermissive = fs.RosenpassState.Permissive
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.RosenpassEnabled = fs.RosenpassState.Enabled
 	pbFullStatus.NumberOfForwardingRules = int32(fs.NumOfForwardingRules)
@@ -1254,6 +1569,7 @@ func (fs FullStatus) ToProto() *proto.FullStatus {
 
 		pbPeerState := &proto.PeerState{
 			IP:                         peerState.IP,
+			Ipv6:                       peerState.IPv6,
 			PubKey:                     peerState.PubKey,
 			ConnStatus:                 peerState.ConnStatus.String(),
 			ConnStatusUpdate:           timestamppb.New(peerState.ConnStatusUpdate),
@@ -1279,6 +1595,7 @@ func (fs FullStatus) ToProto() *proto.FullStatus {
 		pbRelayState := &proto.RelayState{
 			URI:       relayState.URI,
 			Available: relayState.Err == nil,
+			Transport: relayState.Transport,
 		}
 		if err := relayState.Err; err != nil {
 			pbRelayState.Error = err.Error()
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/status_test.go b/client/internal/peer/status_test.go
index 272638750..82dff0d6f 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/status_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/status_test.go
@@ -8,19 +8,20 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestAddPeer(t *testing.T) {
 	key := "abc"
 	ip := "100.108.254.1"
 	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
-	err := status.AddPeer(key, "abc.netbird", ip)
+	err := status.AddPeer(key, "abc.netbird", ip, "")
 	assert.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 
 	_, exists := status.peers[key]
 	assert.True(t, exists, "value was found")
 
-	err = status.AddPeer(key, "abc.netbird", ip)
+	err = status.AddPeer(key, "abc.netbird", ip, "")
 
 	assert.Error(t, err, "should return error on duplicate")
 }
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ func TestGetPeer(t *testing.T) {
 	key := "abc"
 	ip := "100.108.254.1"
 	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
-	err := status.AddPeer(key, "abc.netbird", ip)
+	err := status.AddPeer(key, "abc.netbird", ip, "")
 	assert.NoError(t, err, "shouldn't return error")
 
 	peerStatus, err := status.GetPeer(key)
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ func TestUpdatePeerState(t *testing.T) {
 	ip := "10.10.10.10"
 	fqdn := "peer-a.netbird.local"
 	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
-	_ = status.AddPeer(key, fqdn, ip)
+	require.NoError(t, status.AddPeer(key, fqdn, ip, ""))
 
 	peerState := State{
 		PubKey:           key,
@@ -62,6 +63,94 @@ func TestUpdatePeerState(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, ip, state.IP, "ip should be equal")
 }
 
+func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	req := require.New(t)
+
+	req.NoError(status.AddPeer("pk-1", "peer-1.netbird", "100.64.0.10", ""))
+	req.NoError(status.AddPeer("pk-2", "peer-2.netbird", "100.64.0.11", ""))
+
+	state, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.10")
+	req.True(ok, "known tunnel IP should resolve to a peer state")
+	req.Equal("pk-1", state.PubKey, "matching state must carry the right pub key")
+	req.Equal("peer-1.netbird", state.FQDN, "matching state must carry the right FQDN")
+
+	_, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.99")
+	req.False(ok, "unknown IP must report ok=false")
+}
+
+func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_MatchesIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	req := require.New(t)
+
+	req.NoError(status.AddPeer("pk-1", "peer-1.netbird", "100.64.0.10", "fd00::1"))
+
+	state, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("fd00::1")
+	req.True(ok, "IPv6-only match must resolve to the peer state")
+	req.Equal("pk-1", state.PubKey, "matching state must carry the right pub key")
+}
+
+// TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_IgnoresOfflinePeers documents that peers
+// moved into the offline slice via ReplaceOfflinePeers are intentionally
+// not resolvable by IP: only active peers can carry traffic, so callers
+// (DNS filter, embed.Client.IdentityForIP) treat them as unknown.
+func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_IgnoresOfflinePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	req := require.New(t)
+
+	status.ReplaceOfflinePeers([]State{
+		{PubKey: "pk-offline", FQDN: "offline.netbird", IP: "100.64.0.20", IPv6: "fd00::20"},
+	})
+
+	_, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.20")
+	req.False(ok, "offline peer must not resolve by IPv4 tunnel address")
+
+	_, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("fd00::20")
+	req.False(ok, "offline peer must not resolve by IPv6 tunnel address")
+}
+
+// TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_RemovedPeer verifies RemovePeer drops the
+// IP index entries for both address families.
+func TestStatus_PeerStateByIP_RemovedPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	req := require.New(t)
+
+	req.NoError(status.AddPeer("pk-1", "peer-1.netbird", "100.64.0.10", "fd00::1"))
+
+	_, ok := status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.10")
+	req.True(ok, "active peer must resolve before removal")
+
+	req.NoError(status.RemovePeer("pk-1"))
+
+	_, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("100.64.0.10")
+	req.False(ok, "removed peer must not resolve by IPv4 tunnel address")
+
+	_, ok = status.PeerStateByIP("fd00::1")
+	req.False(ok, "removed peer must not resolve by IPv6 tunnel address")
+}
+
+// TestStatus_GetPeerStates_IncludesOfflinePeers keeps the snapshot in line with
+// GetFullStatus: offline peers are known peers, so a consumer counting peers
+// must see the same total the status command reports.
+func TestStatus_GetPeerStates_IncludesOfflinePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	req := require.New(t)
+
+	req.NoError(status.AddPeer("pk-online", "online.netbird", "100.64.0.10", "fd00::1"))
+	status.ReplaceOfflinePeers([]State{
+		{PubKey: "pk-offline", FQDN: "offline.netbird", IP: "100.64.0.20", ConnStatus: StatusIdle},
+	})
+
+	states := status.GetPeerStates()
+	req.Len(states, 2, "snapshot must carry both the online and the offline peer")
+
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(states))
+	for _, s := range states {
+		keys = append(keys, s.PubKey)
+	}
+	req.ElementsMatch([]string{"pk-online", "pk-offline"}, keys, "snapshot must carry both peers")
+}
+
 func TestStatus_UpdatePeerFQDN(t *testing.T) {
 	key := "abc"
 	fqdn := "peer-a.netbird.local"
@@ -85,7 +174,7 @@ func TestGetPeerStateChangeNotifierLogic(t *testing.T) {
 	key := "abc"
 	ip := "10.10.10.10"
 	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
-	_ = status.AddPeer(key, "abc.netbird", ip)
+	_ = status.AddPeer(key, "abc.netbird", ip, "")
 
 	sub := status.SubscribeToPeerStateChanges(context.Background(), key)
 	assert.NotNil(t, sub, "channel shouldn't be nil")
@@ -247,3 +336,39 @@ func TestGetFullStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, signalState, fullStatus.SignalState, "signal status should be equal")
 	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []State{peerState1, peerState2}, fullStatus.Peers, "peers states should match")
 }
+
+// notified reports whether a state-change tick is pending on ch, draining it.
+func notified(ch <-chan struct{}) bool {
+	select {
+	case <-ch:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMarkServerStateDoesNotNotifyWhenUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
+	status := NewRecorder("https://mgm")
+	_, ch := status.SubscribeToStateChanges()
+
+	// First transition is a real change and must notify.
+	status.MarkManagementConnected()
+	require.True(t, notified(ch), "first connect should notify")
+
+	// Re-marking the same state must not notify again.
+	status.MarkManagementConnected()
+	assert.False(t, notified(ch), "redundant connect should not notify")
+
+	// Same for signal.
+	status.MarkSignalConnected()
+	require.True(t, notified(ch), "first signal connect should notify")
+	status.MarkSignalConnected()
+	assert.False(t, notified(ch), "redundant signal connect should not notify")
+
+	// A genuine change (disconnect with an error) notifies again.
+	err := errors.New("boom")
+	status.MarkManagementDisconnected(err)
+	require.True(t, notified(ch), "disconnect should notify")
+	status.MarkManagementDisconnected(err)
+	assert.False(t, notified(ch), "redundant disconnect should not notify")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/wg_watcher.go b/client/internal/peer/wg_watcher.go
index 805a6f24a..39e3d3264 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/wg_watcher.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/wg_watcher.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package peer
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -24,14 +23,16 @@ type WGInterfaceStater interface {
 	GetStats() (map[string]configurer.WGStats, error)
 }
 
+// WGWatcher is single-shot: one instance per connection attempt, run once, then discarded.
+// Lifecycle is owned by Conn under conn.mu, so it keeps no "enabled" state to go stale.
 type WGWatcher struct {
 	log           *log.Entry
 	wgIfaceStater WGInterfaceStater
 	peerKey       string
 	stateDump     *stateDump
 
-	enabled   bool
-	muEnabled sync.RWMutex
+	// initialHandshake is not thread-safe; never call PrepareInitialHandshake and EnableWgWatcher concurrently.
+	initialHandshake time.Time
 
 	resetCh chan struct{}
 }
@@ -46,36 +47,23 @@ func NewWGWatcher(log *log.Entry, wgIfaceStater WGInterfaceStater, peerKey strin
 	}
 }
 
-// EnableWgWatcher starts the WireGuard watcher. If it is already enabled, it will return immediately and do nothing.
-// The watcher runs until ctx is cancelled. Caller is responsible for context lifecycle management.
-func (w *WGWatcher) EnableWgWatcher(ctx context.Context, enabledTime time.Time, onDisconnectedFn func(), onHandshakeSuccessFn func(when time.Time)) {
-	w.muEnabled.Lock()
-	if w.enabled {
-		w.muEnabled.Unlock()
-		return
-	}
-
+// PrepareInitialHandshake reads the peer's current WireGuard handshake time. It must be
+// called before the peer is (re)configured on the WireGuard interface, so the captured
+// baseline reflects the state prior to this connection attempt instead of racing with
+// that configuration.
+func (w *WGWatcher) PrepareInitialHandshake() {
 	w.log.Debugf("enable WireGuard watcher")
-	w.enabled = true
-	w.muEnabled.Unlock()
-
-	initialHandshake, err := w.wgState()
-	if err != nil {
-		w.log.Warnf("failed to read initial wg stats: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	w.periodicHandshakeCheck(ctx, onDisconnectedFn, onHandshakeSuccessFn, enabledTime, initialHandshake)
-
-	w.muEnabled.Lock()
-	w.enabled = false
-	w.muEnabled.Unlock()
+	handshake, _ := w.wgState()
+	w.initialHandshake = handshake
 }
 
-// IsEnabled returns true if the WireGuard watcher is currently enabled
-func (w *WGWatcher) IsEnabled() bool {
-	w.muEnabled.RLock()
-	defer w.muEnabled.RUnlock()
-	return w.enabled
+// EnableWgWatcher runs the WireGuard watcher loop using the handshake baseline captured by
+// PrepareInitialHandshake. The watcher runs until ctx is cancelled. Caller is responsible
+// for context lifecycle management. onHandshakeSuccessFn is called only for the first
+// handshake observed by this run, onCheckSuccessFn for every check that observed a fresh
+// handshake, including the first.
+func (w *WGWatcher) EnableWgWatcher(ctx context.Context, enabledTime time.Time, onDisconnectedFn func(), onHandshakeSuccessFn func(when time.Time), onCheckSuccessFn func()) {
+	w.periodicHandshakeCheck(ctx, onDisconnectedFn, onHandshakeSuccessFn, onCheckSuccessFn, enabledTime, w.initialHandshake)
 }
 
 // Reset signals the watcher that the WireGuard peer has been reset and a new
@@ -88,7 +76,7 @@ func (w *WGWatcher) Reset() {
 }
 
 // wgStateCheck help to check the state of the WireGuard handshake and relay connection
-func (w *WGWatcher) periodicHandshakeCheck(ctx context.Context, onDisconnectedFn func(), onHandshakeSuccessFn func(when time.Time), enabledTime time.Time, initialHandshake time.Time) {
+func (w *WGWatcher) periodicHandshakeCheck(ctx context.Context, onDisconnectedFn func(), onHandshakeSuccessFn func(when time.Time), onCheckSuccessFn func(), enabledTime time.Time, initialHandshake time.Time) {
 	w.log.Infof("WireGuard watcher started")
 
 	timer := time.NewTimer(wgHandshakeOvertime)
@@ -101,17 +89,25 @@ func (w *WGWatcher) periodicHandshakeCheck(ctx context.Context, onDisconnectedFn
 		case <-timer.C:
 			handshake, ok := w.handshakeCheck(lastHandshake)
 			if !ok {
+				// early ctx cancel check return
+				if ctx.Err() != nil {
+					return
+				}
 				onDisconnectedFn()
 				return
 			}
 			if lastHandshake.IsZero() {
 				elapsed := calcElapsed(enabledTime, *handshake)
 				w.log.Infof("first wg handshake detected within: %.2fsec, (%s)", elapsed, handshake)
-				if onHandshakeSuccessFn != nil {
+				if onHandshakeSuccessFn != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
 					onHandshakeSuccessFn(*handshake)
 				}
 			}
 
+			if onCheckSuccessFn != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+				onCheckSuccessFn()
+			}
+
 			lastHandshake = *handshake
 
 			resetTime := time.Until(handshake.Add(checkPeriod))
@@ -142,9 +138,9 @@ func (w *WGWatcher) handshakeCheck(lastHandshake time.Time) (*time.Time, bool) {
 
 	w.log.Tracef("previous handshake, handshake: %v, %v", lastHandshake, handshake)
 
-	// the current know handshake did not change
+	// the current known handshake did not change
 	if handshake.Equal(lastHandshake) {
-		w.log.Warnf("WireGuard handshake timed out: %v", handshake)
+		w.log.Warnf("WireGuard handshake not updated: %v", handshake)
 		return nil, false
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/wg_watcher_test.go b/client/internal/peer/wg_watcher_test.go
index 3ce91cd46..6a5a9acfe 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/wg_watcher_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/wg_watcher_test.go
@@ -23,6 +23,72 @@ func (m *MocWgIface) disconnect() {
 	m.stop = true
 }
 
+type mockHandshakeStats struct {
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	handshake time.Time
+}
+
+func (m *mockHandshakeStats) GetStats() (map[string]configurer.WGStats, error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	return map[string]configurer.WGStats{"": {LastHandshake: m.handshake}}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockHandshakeStats) advance() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.handshake = time.Now()
+}
+
+// TestWGWatcher_CheckSuccessCallback: onCheckSuccessFn must fire for a fresh
+// handshake even when the watcher started with an existing handshake baseline,
+// the case where onHandshakeSuccessFn stays silent.
+func TestWGWatcher_CheckSuccessCallback(t *testing.T) {
+	// checkPeriod bounds how stale a handshake may be before the watcher treats it
+	// as a suspended-machine timeout. The first check fires after wgHandshakeOvertime,
+	// so keep checkPeriod well above any scheduling jitter to avoid a false timeout
+	// converting the expected success into a disconnect on a loaded runner.
+	checkPeriod = 1 * time.Minute
+	wgHandshakeOvertime = 1 * time.Second
+
+	mlog := log.WithField("peer", "tet")
+	// Use an old baseline so advance() yields a strictly newer handshake even on
+	// platforms with coarse clock resolution (Windows), where two time.Now() calls
+	// microseconds apart can return the same instant and read as a timed-out handshake.
+	stats := &mockHandshakeStats{handshake: time.Now().Add(-time.Hour)}
+	watcher := NewWGWatcher(mlog, stats, "", newStateDump("peer", mlog, &Status{}))
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	watcher.PrepareInitialHandshake()
+
+	firstHandshake := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	checkSuccess := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	go watcher.EnableWgWatcher(ctx, time.Now(), func() {}, func(when time.Time) {
+		firstHandshake <- struct{}{}
+	}, func() {
+		select {
+		case checkSuccess <- struct{}{}:
+		default:
+		}
+	})
+
+	stats.advance()
+
+	select {
+	case <-checkSuccess:
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		t.Errorf("timeout waiting for check success callback")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-firstHandshake:
+		t.Errorf("first-handshake callback must not fire for a non-zero baseline")
+	default:
+	}
+}
+
 func TestWGWatcher_EnableWgWatcher(t *testing.T) {
 	checkPeriod = 5 * time.Second
 	wgHandshakeOvertime = 1 * time.Second
@@ -34,13 +100,15 @@ func TestWGWatcher_EnableWgWatcher(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
+	watcher.PrepareInitialHandshake()
+
 	onDisconnected := make(chan struct{}, 1)
 	go watcher.EnableWgWatcher(ctx, time.Now(), func() {
 		mlog.Infof("onDisconnectedFn")
 		onDisconnected <- struct{}{}
 	}, func(when time.Time) {
 		mlog.Infof("onHandshakeSuccess: %v", when)
-	})
+	}, nil)
 
 	// wait for initial reading
 	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
@@ -62,11 +130,13 @@ func TestWGWatcher_ReEnable(t *testing.T) {
 	watcher := NewWGWatcher(mlog, mocWgIface, "", newStateDump("peer", mlog, &Status{}))
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	watcher.PrepareInitialHandshake()
+
 	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
 		defer wg.Done()
-		watcher.EnableWgWatcher(ctx, time.Now(), func() {}, func(when time.Time) {})
+		watcher.EnableWgWatcher(ctx, time.Now(), func() {}, func(when time.Time) {}, nil)
 	}()
 	cancel()
 
@@ -76,10 +146,12 @@ func TestWGWatcher_ReEnable(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	defer cancel()
 
+	watcher.PrepareInitialHandshake()
+
 	onDisconnected := make(chan struct{}, 1)
 	go watcher.EnableWgWatcher(ctx, time.Now(), func() {
 		onDisconnected <- struct{}{}
-	}, func(when time.Time) {})
+	}, func(when time.Time) {}, nil)
 
 	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
 	mocWgIface.disconnect()
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/worker_ice.go b/client/internal/peer/worker_ice.go
index 29bf5aaaa..d17f6e693 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/worker_ice.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/worker_ice.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -65,6 +64,9 @@ type WorkerICE struct {
 
 	// portForwardAttempted tracks if we've already tried port forwarding this session
 	portForwardAttempted bool
+
+	// dialFunc, when non-nil, replaces agentDial in connect(). Only for tests.
+	dialFunc func(ctx context.Context, agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) (net.Conn, error)
 }
 
 func NewWorkerICE(ctx context.Context, log *log.Entry, config ConnConfig, conn *Conn, signaler *Signaler, ifaceDiscover stdnet.ExternalIFaceDiscover, statusRecorder *Status, hasRelayOnLocally bool) (*WorkerICE, error) {
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) OnNewOffer(remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) {
 			w.log.Errorf("failed to create new session ID: %s", err)
 		}
 		w.sessionID = sessionID
-		w.agent = nil
+		w.abandonNegotiation()
 	}
 
 	var preferredCandidateTypes []ice.CandidateType
@@ -152,7 +154,9 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) OnNewOffer(remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) {
 		w.remoteSessionID = ""
 	}
 
-	go w.connect(dialerCtx, agent, remoteOfferAnswer)
+	// Capture the cancel func at spawn time: connect reads it from the argument
+	// instead of the field, which a newer OnNewOffer may already have replaced.
+	go w.connect(dialerCtx, dialerCancel, agent, remoteOfferAnswer)
 }
 
 // OnRemoteCandidate Handles ICE connection Candidate provided by the remote peer.
@@ -165,10 +169,6 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) OnRemoteCandidate(candidate ice.Candidate, haRoutes route.HA
 		return
 	}
 
-	if candidateViaRoutes(candidate, haRoutes) {
-		return
-	}
-
 	if err := w.agent.AddRemoteCandidate(candidate); err != nil {
 		w.log.Errorf("error while handling remote candidate")
 		return
@@ -205,16 +205,16 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) Close() {
 	w.muxAgent.Lock()
 	defer w.muxAgent.Unlock()
 
-	if w.agent == nil {
-		return
+	if w.agent != nil {
+		w.agentDialerCancel()
+		if err := w.agent.Close(); err != nil {
+			w.log.Warnf("failed to close ICE agent: %s", err)
+		}
 	}
-
-	w.agentDialerCancel()
-	if err := w.agent.Close(); err != nil {
-		w.log.Warnf("failed to close ICE agent: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	w.agent = nil
+	// Unconditional: a dial goroutine racing this Close skips its own cleanup
+	// (closeAgent finds a nil agent), so the flags must be dropped here too or
+	// the reconnection guard reads the stale state as Connected forever.
+	w.abandonNegotiation()
 }
 
 func (w *WorkerICE) reCreateAgent(dialerCancel context.CancelFunc, candidates []ice.CandidateType) (*icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, error) {
@@ -252,31 +252,52 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) SessionID() ICESessionID {
 // will block until connection succeeded
 // but it won't release if ICE Agent went into Disconnected or Failed state,
 // so we have to cancel it with the provided context once agent detected a broken connection
-func (w *WorkerICE) connect(ctx context.Context, agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) {
+func (w *WorkerICE) connect(ctx context.Context, dialerCancel context.CancelFunc, agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) {
 	w.log.Debugf("gather candidates")
 	if err := agent.GatherCandidates(); err != nil {
 		w.log.Warnf("failed to gather candidates: %s", err)
-		w.closeAgent(agent, w.agentDialerCancel)
+		w.closeAgent(agent, dialerCancel)
 		return
 	}
 
-	w.log.Debugf("turn agent dial")
-	remoteConn, err := w.turnAgentDial(ctx, agent, remoteOfferAnswer)
+	w.log.Debugf("agent dial")
+	dial := func(ctx context.Context, agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) (net.Conn, error) {
+		return w.agentDial(ctx, agent, remoteOfferAnswer)
+	}
+	if w.dialFunc != nil {
+		dial = w.dialFunc
+	}
+	remoteConn, err := dial(ctx, agent, remoteOfferAnswer)
 	if err != nil {
 		w.log.Debugf("failed to dial the remote peer: %s", err)
-		w.closeAgent(agent, w.agentDialerCancel)
+		w.closeAgent(agent, dialerCancel)
 		return
 	}
 	w.log.Debugf("agent dial succeeded")
 
+	// A newer negotiation may have replaced our agent while agentDial was
+	// blocked. Drop the dead connection before running pair retrieval, port
+	// punching or candidate work against a closed agent. The commit-point
+	// check below still guards a replacement arriving after this point.
+	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	stale := w.agent != agent
+	w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+	if stale {
+		if err := remoteConn.Close(); err != nil {
+			w.log.Warnf("failed to close stale ICE connection: %s", err)
+		}
+		w.log.Warnf("discarding connection from a stale ICE negotiation")
+		return
+	}
+
 	pair, err := agent.GetSelectedCandidatePair()
 	if err != nil {
-		w.closeAgent(agent, w.agentDialerCancel)
+		w.closeAgent(agent, dialerCancel)
 		return
 	}
 	if pair == nil {
 		w.log.Warnf("selected candidate pair is nil, cannot proceed")
-		w.closeAgent(agent, w.agentDialerCancel)
+		w.closeAgent(agent, dialerCancel)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -306,11 +327,27 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) connect(ctx context.Context, agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent
 
 	w.log.Infof("connection succeeded with offer session: %s", remoteOfferAnswer.SessionIDString())
 	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	// Authoritative ownership guard: a negotiation that lost w.agent to a newer
+	// one between the post-dial check and the commit must not clear agentConnecting,
+	// record lastSuccess or report the connection, so the state commit has to be
+	// atomic with the check.
+	if w.agent != agent {
+		w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+		if err := remoteConn.Close(); err != nil {
+			w.log.Warnf("failed to close stale ICE connection: %s", err)
+		}
+		w.log.Warnf("discarding connection from a stale ICE negotiation")
+		return
+	}
 	w.agentConnecting = false
 	w.lastSuccess = time.Now()
 	w.muxAgent.Unlock()
 
 	// todo: the potential problem is a race between the onConnectionStateChange
+	// and the delivery below: after this unlock, a newer offer can replace
+	// w.agent before onICEConnectionIsReady runs, delivering this (now stale)
+	// connection. The newer negotiation overwrites it with its own delivery,
+	// so the window only ever downgrades an endpoint transiently.
 	w.conn.onICEConnectionIsReady(selectedPriority(pair), ci)
 }
 
@@ -326,20 +363,32 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) closeAgent(agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, cancel context.C
 	sessionChanged := w.remoteSessionChanged
 	w.remoteSessionChanged = false
 
+	// Only the owner of the current session may reset its state: a stale dial
+	// goroutine waking after a newer attempt must not clobber it.
 	if w.agent == agent {
-		// consider to remove from here and move to the OnNewOffer
 		sessionID, err := NewICESessionID()
 		if err != nil {
 			w.log.Errorf("failed to create new session ID: %s", err)
 		}
 		w.sessionID = sessionID
-		w.agent = nil
-		w.agentConnecting = false
-		w.remoteSessionID = ""
+		w.abandonNegotiation()
 	}
 	return sessionChanged
 }
 
+// abandonNegotiation drops all recorded ICE session state so the worker treats the
+// next offer as a fresh start instead of a duplicate of a dead negotiation. The
+// agent and agentConnecting flags must change together: leaving one stale wedges
+// the reconnection guard into reporting Connected forever. It neither cancels an
+// in-flight dial nor closes an agent — callers dispose of those themselves first,
+// so a stale goroutine can never cancel another session's dial through this path.
+// Caller must hold muxAgent.
+func (w *WorkerICE) abandonNegotiation() {
+	w.agent = nil
+	w.agentConnecting = false
+	w.remoteSessionID = ""
+}
+
 func (w *WorkerICE) punchRemoteWGPort(pair *ice.CandidatePair, remoteWgPort int) {
 	// wait local endpoint configuration
 	time.Sleep(time.Second)
@@ -394,6 +443,17 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) injectPortForwardedCandidate(srflxCandidate ice.Candidate) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// A forwarded candidate only makes sense for an IPv4 mapping, which
+	// translates a port on the gateway's address. An IPv6 pinhole translates
+	// nothing: it unblocks the address ICE already gathers as a host candidate,
+	// so there is no second address to advertise. Injecting one here would also
+	// paste an IPv6 address onto whichever server-reflexive candidate arrived
+	// first, which is usually IPv4.
+	if mapping.ExternalIP != nil && mapping.ExternalIP.To4() == nil {
+		w.log.Debugf("skipping port-forwarded candidate: %s mapping is IPv6-only", mapping.NATType)
+		return
+	}
+
 	w.muxAgent.Lock()
 	if w.portForwardAttempted {
 		w.muxAgent.Unlock()
@@ -522,8 +582,8 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) onConnectionStateChange(agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, dia
 			w.logSuccessfulPaths(agent)
 			return
 		case ice.ConnectionStateFailed, ice.ConnectionStateDisconnected, ice.ConnectionStateClosed:
-			// ice.ConnectionStateClosed happens when we recreate the agent. For the P2P to TURN switch important to
-			// notify the conn.onICEStateDisconnected changes to update the current used priority
+			// ice.ConnectionStateClosed happens when we recreate the agent. The P2P to relay switch requires
+			// notifying conn.onICEStateDisconnected so it can update the currently used priority.
 
 			sessionChanged := w.closeAgent(agent, dialerCancel)
 
@@ -537,7 +597,7 @@ func (w *WorkerICE) onConnectionStateChange(agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, dia
 	}
 }
 
-func (w *WorkerICE) turnAgentDial(ctx context.Context, agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) (*ice.Conn, error) {
+func (w *WorkerICE) agentDial(ctx context.Context, agent *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) (*ice.Conn, error) {
 	if isController(w.config) {
 		return agent.Dial(ctx, remoteOfferAnswer.IceCredentials.UFrag, remoteOfferAnswer.IceCredentials.Pwd)
 	} else {
@@ -589,34 +649,6 @@ func extraSrflxCandidate(candidate ice.Candidate) (*ice.CandidateServerReflexive
 	return ec, nil
 }
 
-func candidateViaRoutes(candidate ice.Candidate, clientRoutes route.HAMap) bool {
-	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(candidate.Address())
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to parse IP address %s: %v", candidate.Address(), err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	var routePrefixes []netip.Prefix
-	for _, routes := range clientRoutes {
-		if len(routes) > 0 && routes[0] != nil {
-			routePrefixes = append(routePrefixes, routes[0].Network)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, prefix := range routePrefixes {
-		// default route is handled by route exclusion / ip rules
-		if prefix.Bits() == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if prefix.Contains(addr) {
-			log.Debugf("Ignoring candidate [%s], its address is part of routed network %s", candidate.String(), prefix)
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 func isRelayCandidate(candidate ice.Candidate) bool {
 	return candidate.Type() == ice.CandidateTypeRelay
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/worker_ice_close_test.go b/client/internal/peer/worker_ice_close_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..834a4dd6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/peer/worker_ice_close_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+package peer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+
+	icemaker "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer/ice"
+	signal "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/client"
+	sProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
+)
+
+// stubSignalClient satisfies signal.Client as a no-op so the candidate
+// goroutine spawned by a real GatherCandidates never dereferences a nil
+// signaler in tests.
+type stubSignalClient struct{}
+
+func (stubSignalClient) Close() error                                               { return nil }
+func (stubSignalClient) StreamConnected() bool                                      { return false }
+func (stubSignalClient) GetStatus() signal.Status                                   { return signal.StreamDisconnected }
+func (stubSignalClient) Receive(context.Context, func(*sProto.Message) error) error { return nil }
+func (stubSignalClient) Ready() bool                                                { return false }
+func (stubSignalClient) IsHealthy() bool                                            { return false }
+func (stubSignalClient) WaitStreamConnected(context.Context)                        {}
+func (stubSignalClient) SendToStream(*sProto.EncryptedMessage) error                { return nil }
+func (stubSignalClient) Send(*sProto.Message) error                                 { return nil }
+func (stubSignalClient) SetOnReconnectedListener(func())                            {}
+
+// newTestWorkerICE builds a worker with real pion plumbing and no-op signaling.
+func newTestWorkerICE(t *testing.T) *WorkerICE {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	config := connConf
+	stunTurn := &icemaker.StunTurn{}
+	stunTurn.Store(nil)
+	config.ICEConfig.StunTurn = stunTurn
+
+	w, err := NewWorkerICE(context.Background(), log.WithField("test", t.Name()), config, nil,
+		NewSignaler(stubSignalClient{}, wgtypes.Key{}), nil, nil, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "worker setup must succeed")
+	return w
+}
+
+// TestWorkerICE_CloseDuringDial_ClearsConnectingFlag drives the teardown race
+// through the real dial goroutine instead of simulating its cleanup.
+//
+// The real-world sequence this models:
+//  1. OnNewOffer starts a negotiation: agent set, agentConnecting = true,
+//     go connect()
+//  2. The network dies and connect() stays blocked inside GatherCandidates/Dial
+//  3. A WG handshake timeout calls Close(): the agent is released and the dial
+//     context cancelled, but agentConnecting is not reset
+//  4. The real goroutine wakes with an error and runs its own cleanup
+//     (closeAgent), where `w.agent == agent` is now false, so the flag reset
+//     is skipped
+//
+// There is no remote responder, so Dial can never succeed: whatever point the
+// goroutine is at, closing first forces it down the error path. Before the fix
+// the flag stays true forever and the deadline below expires.
+func TestWorkerICE_CloseDuringDial_ClearsConnectingFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	w := newTestWorkerICE(t)
+
+	sid := ICESessionID("test-session-id")
+	w.OnNewOffer(&OfferAnswer{
+		IceCredentials: IceCredentials{
+			UFrag: "testufrag",
+			Pwd:   "testpwdtestpwdtestpwd12",
+		},
+		SessionID: &sid,
+	})
+	require.True(t, w.InProgress(), "OnNewOffer must mark the negotiation as in progress")
+
+	// Teardown wins the race while connect() is still running.
+	w.Close()
+
+	// Close drops the flags synchronously, so the assertion below does not
+	// converge on the goroutine: the deadline only absorbs the dial goroutine
+	// waking up in the background, proving nothing re-wedges it afterwards.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		return !w.InProgress()
+	}, 10*time.Second, 50*time.Millisecond,
+		"Close must leave the negotiation idle even while the dial goroutine is still winding down")
+
+	// abandonNegotiation owns these three fields together; the worker is idle
+	// only when all of them are dropped.
+	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	defer w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+	assert.Nil(t, w.agent, "no agent may survive the teardown")
+	assert.False(t, w.agentConnecting, "the connecting flag must match the nil agent")
+	assert.Empty(t, w.remoteSessionID, "a dead session's remote ID must not linger")
+}
+
+// TestWorkerICE_CloseClearsResidualConnectingState covers Close on a worker whose
+// agent is already gone but whose flag is stuck on true, e.g. after an aborted
+// recreate in OnNewOffer or after a first Close raced a dial goroutine.
+func TestWorkerICE_CloseClearsResidualConnectingState(t *testing.T) {
+	w := newTestWorkerICE(t)
+
+	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	w.agentConnecting = true
+	w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+
+	w.Close()
+
+	assert.False(t, w.InProgress(), "Close must drop residual connecting state even without a live agent")
+
+	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	defer w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+	assert.Nil(t, w.agent)
+	assert.False(t, w.agentConnecting)
+	assert.Empty(t, w.remoteSessionID)
+}
+
+// TestWorkerICE_StaleCloseAgentKeepsCurrentSession pins the ownership guard in
+// closeAgent: a late-waking dial goroutine from an older session must not reset
+// the state of a newer negotiation that reused the worker. The newer session
+// must survive wholesale - agent, flag and remote session identity alike.
+func TestWorkerICE_StaleCloseAgentKeepsCurrentSession(t *testing.T) {
+	w := newTestWorkerICE(t)
+	t.Cleanup(w.Close)
+
+	sidA := ICESessionID("session-a")
+	w.OnNewOffer(&OfferAnswer{
+		IceCredentials: IceCredentials{UFrag: "ufragaaaa", Pwd: "pwdpwdpwdpwdpwdpwdpwdp1"},
+		SessionID:      &sidA,
+	})
+	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	oldAgent := w.agent
+	oldCancel := w.agentDialerCancel
+	w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+	require.NotNil(t, oldAgent, "OnNewOffer must have created an ICE agent")
+
+	w.Close()
+
+	sidB := ICESessionID("session-b")
+	w.OnNewOffer(&OfferAnswer{
+		IceCredentials: IceCredentials{UFrag: "ufragbbbb", Pwd: "pwdpwdpwdpwdpwdpwdpwdp2"},
+		SessionID:      &sidB,
+	})
+	require.True(t, w.InProgress(), "the second negotiation must be in flight")
+
+	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	newAgent := w.agent
+	w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+
+	// The old dial goroutine finally wakes and cleans up its captured agent.
+	w.closeAgent(oldAgent, oldCancel)
+
+	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	defer w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+	assert.Same(t, newAgent, w.agent, "the current agent must be untouched by the stale cleanup")
+	assert.True(t, w.agentConnecting, "the current negotiation must stay in flight")
+	// Read live under the lock: a snapshot captured before the stale cleanup
+	// would pass even if the cleanup wiped current state.
+	assert.Equal(t, sidB, w.remoteSessionID, "the remote session identity must be preserved")
+}
+
+// closeTrackConn records Close calls so a test can assert that a discarded
+// connection was actually released.
+type closeTrackConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	closed atomic.Bool
+}
+
+func (c *closeTrackConn) Close() error {
+	c.closed.Store(true)
+	return c.Conn.Close()
+}
+
+// TestWorkerICE_StaleDialSuccessKeepsNewerNegotiation pins the ownership guard
+// in connect()'s success path: a dial that came back after a newer negotiation
+// replaced the agent must discard its connection and leave the newer session's
+// state - agent, agentConnecting, remoteSessionID, lastSuccess - intact.
+//
+// The dial hook holds session A's goroutine open until session B is installed,
+// then returns a live connection, mimicking the vendored pion dial which hands
+// out a live *ice.Conn when a pair is selected without checking afterwards
+// whether the agent was replaced meanwhile. Releasing A's dial therefore
+// exercises the stale-success commit path deterministically instead of racing
+// real ICE.
+func TestWorkerICE_StaleDialSuccessKeepsNewerNegotiation(t *testing.T) {
+	w := newTestWorkerICE(t)
+	t.Cleanup(w.Close)
+
+	dialStarted := make(chan struct{})
+	releaseDial := make(chan struct{})
+	staleConn := &closeTrackConn{}
+
+	var calls atomic.Int32
+	w.dialFunc = func(ctx context.Context, _ *icemaker.ThreadSafeAgent, _ *OfferAnswer) (net.Conn, error) {
+		if calls.Add(1) == 1 {
+			// Session A: hold the goroutine open until session B is installed,
+			// then return a live connection, mimicking the vendored pion dial
+			// which hands out a live *ice.Conn once a pair is selected without
+			// re-checking whether the agent was replaced meanwhile. Releasing
+			// the dial therefore exercises the stale-success commit path
+			// deterministically instead of racing real ICE.
+			close(dialStarted)
+			<-releaseDial
+			client, _ := net.Pipe()
+			staleConn.Conn = client
+			return staleConn, nil
+		}
+		// A newer negotiation parks on its dialer context, cancelled by the
+		// t.Cleanup Close at test end.
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	}
+
+	sidA := ICESessionID("session-a")
+	w.OnNewOffer(&OfferAnswer{
+		IceCredentials: IceCredentials{UFrag: "ufragaaaa", Pwd: "pwdpwdpwdpwdpwdpwdpwdp1"},
+		SessionID:      &sidA,
+	})
+	require.True(t, w.InProgress(), "session A must be in flight")
+
+	// Session A's goroutine is now parked in the dial hook.
+	<-dialStarted
+
+	sidB := ICESessionID("session-b")
+	w.OnNewOffer(&OfferAnswer{
+		IceCredentials: IceCredentials{UFrag: "ufragbbbb", Pwd: "pwdpwdpwdpwdpwdpwdpwdp2"},
+		SessionID:      &sidB,
+	})
+
+	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	agentB := w.agent
+	w.lastSuccess = time.Time{}
+	w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+	require.NotNil(t, agentB, "session B must have created an ICE agent")
+	require.True(t, w.InProgress(), "session B must be in flight")
+
+	// Release session A's dial: it must be recognized as stale and discarded.
+	close(releaseDial)
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		return staleConn.closed.Load()
+	}, 10*time.Second, 10*time.Millisecond,
+		"the stale connection must be closed by the ownership guard")
+
+	w.muxAgent.Lock()
+	defer w.muxAgent.Unlock()
+	assert.Same(t, agentB, w.agent, "session A must not uninstall session B's agent")
+	assert.True(t, w.agentConnecting, "session A must not clear session B's connecting flag")
+	assert.Equal(t, sidB, w.remoteSessionID, "session A must not clear session B's remote session identity")
+	assert.True(t, w.lastSuccess.IsZero(), "session A must not record a success for session B")
+	// The commit block guards agentConnecting, lastSuccess and
+	// onICEConnectionIsReady together, so the state assertions above imply the
+	// callback never ran for session A; the nil conn would have panicked the
+	// stale goroutine on any invocation.
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/peer/worker_relay.go b/client/internal/peer/worker_relay.go
index 06309fbaf..0402992c9 100644
--- a/client/internal/peer/worker_relay.go
+++ b/client/internal/peer/worker_relay.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 
@@ -53,15 +54,19 @@ func (w *WorkerRelay) OnNewOffer(remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) {
 	w.relaySupportedOnRemotePeer.Store(true)
 
 	// the relayManager will return with error in case if the connection has lost with relay server
-	currentRelayAddress, err := w.relayManager.RelayInstanceAddress()
+	currentRelayAddress, _, err := w.relayManager.RelayInstanceAddress()
 	if err != nil {
 		w.log.Errorf("failed to handle new offer: %s", err)
 		return
 	}
 
 	srv := w.preferredRelayServer(currentRelayAddress, remoteOfferAnswer.RelaySrvAddress)
+	var serverIP netip.Addr
+	if srv == remoteOfferAnswer.RelaySrvAddress {
+		serverIP = remoteOfferAnswer.RelaySrvIP
+	}
 
-	relayedConn, err := w.relayManager.OpenConn(w.peerCtx, srv, w.config.Key)
+	relayedConn, err := w.relayManager.OpenConn(w.peerCtx, srv, w.config.Key, serverIP)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, relayClient.ErrConnAlreadyExists) {
 			w.log.Debugf("handled offer by reusing existing relay connection")
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ func (w *WorkerRelay) OnNewOffer(remoteOfferAnswer *OfferAnswer) {
 	})
 }
 
-func (w *WorkerRelay) RelayInstanceAddress() (string, error) {
+func (w *WorkerRelay) RelayInstanceAddress() (string, netip.Addr, error) {
 	return w.relayManager.RelayInstanceAddress()
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/peerstore/store.go b/client/internal/peerstore/store.go
index 099fe4528..112caa101 100644
--- a/client/internal/peerstore/store.go
+++ b/client/internal/peerstore/store.go
@@ -88,11 +88,24 @@ func (s *Store) PeerConnOpen(ctx context.Context, pubKey string) {
 	if !ok {
 		return
 	}
-	// this can be blocked because of the connect open limiter semaphore
 	if err := p.Open(ctx); err != nil {
 		p.Log.Errorf("failed to open peer connection: %v", err)
 	}
+}
 
+// PeerConnOpenWithFirstPacket opens the peer connection and stashes a first packet to be
+// reinjected once the real transport is established.
+func (s *Store) PeerConnOpenWithFirstPacket(ctx context.Context, pubKey string, firstPacket []byte) {
+	s.peerConnsMu.RLock()
+	defer s.peerConnsMu.RUnlock()
+
+	p, ok := s.peerConns[pubKey]
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := p.OpenWithFirstPacket(ctx, firstPacket); err != nil {
+		p.Log.Errorf("failed to open peer connection: %v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 func (s *Store) PeerConnIdle(pubKey string) {
diff --git a/client/internal/portforward/manager.go b/client/internal/portforward/manager.go
index b0680160c..7d5a4cb9e 100644
--- a/client/internal/portforward/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/portforward/manager.go
@@ -10,10 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-nat"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/go-nat"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/portforward/pcp"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -168,6 +166,11 @@ func (m *Manager) setup(ctx context.Context) (nat.NAT, *Mapping, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("create port mapping: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	// Only meaningful once a mapping has been attempted: that is what opens the
+	// pinhole and records its outcome.
+	logIPv6Pinhole(gateway)
+
 	return gateway, mapping, nil
 }
 
@@ -265,7 +268,9 @@ func (m *Manager) checkHealthAndRecreate(ctx context.Context, gateway nat.NAT) b
 		return false
 	}
 
-	pcpNAT, ok := gateway.(*pcp.NAT)
+	// Assert on the interface, not on a concrete type: a dual-stack gateway is
+	// a wrapper around the IPv4 NAT, so a type assertion misses it.
+	checker, ok := gateway.(nat.HealthChecker)
 	if !ok {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -273,7 +278,7 @@ func (m *Manager) checkHealthAndRecreate(ctx context.Context, gateway nat.NAT) b
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	epoch, serverRestarted, err := pcpNAT.CheckServerHealth(ctx)
+	epoch, serverRestarted, err := checker.CheckServerHealth(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("PCP health check failed: %v", err)
 		return false
@@ -340,3 +345,18 @@ func (m *Manager) startTearDown(ctx context.Context) {
 func isPermanentLeaseRequired(err error) bool {
 	return err != nil && upnpErrPermanentLeaseOnly.MatchString(err.Error())
 }
+
+// logIPv6Pinhole reports the outcome of the IPv6 pinhole. Pinholes are best
+// effort and never fail a mapping on their own, so this is the only way to see
+// whether one was actually opened.
+func logIPv6Pinhole(gateway nat.NAT) {
+	reporter, ok := gateway.(nat.IPv6PinholeReporter)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := reporter.IPv6PinholeError(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("IPv6 pinhole: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	log.Infof("IPv6 pinhole open")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/client.go b/client/internal/portforward/pcp/client.go
deleted file mode 100644
index f6d243ef9..000000000
--- a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/client.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,408 +0,0 @@
-package pcp
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-const (
-	defaultTimeout     = 3 * time.Second
-	responseBufferSize = 128
-
-	// RFC 6887 Section 8.1.1 retry timing
-	initialRetryDelay = 3 * time.Second
-	maxRetryDelay     = 1024 * time.Second
-	maxRetries        = 4 // 3s + 6s + 12s + 24s = 45s total worst case
-)
-
-// Client is a PCP protocol client.
-// All methods are safe for concurrent use.
-type Client struct {
-	gateway netip.Addr
-	timeout time.Duration
-
-	mu sync.Mutex
-	// localIP caches the resolved local IP address.
-	localIP netip.Addr
-	// lastEpoch is the last observed server epoch value.
-	lastEpoch uint32
-	// epochTime tracks when lastEpoch was received for state loss detection.
-	epochTime time.Time
-	// externalIP caches the external IP from the last successful MAP response.
-	externalIP netip.Addr
-	// epochStateLost is set when epoch indicates server restart.
-	epochStateLost bool
-}
-
-// NewClient creates a new PCP client for the gateway at the given IP.
-func NewClient(gateway net.IP) *Client {
-	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(gateway)
-	if !ok {
-		log.Debugf("invalid gateway IP: %v", gateway)
-	}
-	return &Client{
-		gateway: addr.Unmap(),
-		timeout: defaultTimeout,
-	}
-}
-
-// NewClientWithTimeout creates a new PCP client with a custom timeout.
-func NewClientWithTimeout(gateway net.IP, timeout time.Duration) *Client {
-	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(gateway)
-	if !ok {
-		log.Debugf("invalid gateway IP: %v", gateway)
-	}
-	return &Client{
-		gateway: addr.Unmap(),
-		timeout: timeout,
-	}
-}
-
-// SetLocalIP sets the local IP address to use in PCP requests.
-func (c *Client) SetLocalIP(ip net.IP) {
-	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ip)
-	if !ok {
-		log.Debugf("invalid local IP: %v", ip)
-	}
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	c.localIP = addr.Unmap()
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-}
-
-// Gateway returns the gateway IP address.
-func (c *Client) Gateway() net.IP {
-	return c.gateway.AsSlice()
-}
-
-// Announce sends a PCP ANNOUNCE request to discover PCP support.
-// Returns the server's epoch time on success.
-func (c *Client) Announce(ctx context.Context) (epoch uint32, err error) {
-	localIP, err := c.getLocalIP()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("get local IP: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	req := buildAnnounceRequest(localIP)
-	resp, err := c.sendRequest(ctx, req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("send announce: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	parsed, err := parseResponse(resp)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("parse announce response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if parsed.ResultCode != ResultSuccess {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("PCP ANNOUNCE failed: %s", ResultCodeString(parsed.ResultCode))
-	}
-
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	if c.updateEpochLocked(parsed.Epoch) {
-		log.Warnf("PCP server epoch indicates state loss - mappings may need refresh")
-	}
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-	return parsed.Epoch, nil
-}
-
-// AddPortMapping requests a port mapping from the PCP server.
-func (c *Client) AddPortMapping(ctx context.Context, protocol string, internalPort int, lifetime time.Duration) (*MapResponse, error) {
-	return c.addPortMappingWithHint(ctx, protocol, internalPort, internalPort, netip.Addr{}, lifetime)
-}
-
-// AddPortMappingWithHint requests a port mapping with suggested external port and IP.
-// Use lifetime <= 0 to delete a mapping.
-func (c *Client) AddPortMappingWithHint(ctx context.Context, protocol string, internalPort, suggestedExtPort int, suggestedExtIP net.IP, lifetime time.Duration) (*MapResponse, error) {
-	var extIP netip.Addr
-	if suggestedExtIP != nil {
-		var ok bool
-		extIP, ok = netip.AddrFromSlice(suggestedExtIP)
-		if !ok {
-			log.Debugf("invalid suggested external IP: %v", suggestedExtIP)
-		}
-		extIP = extIP.Unmap()
-	}
-	return c.addPortMappingWithHint(ctx, protocol, internalPort, suggestedExtPort, extIP, lifetime)
-}
-
-func (c *Client) addPortMappingWithHint(ctx context.Context, protocol string, internalPort, suggestedExtPort int, suggestedExtIP netip.Addr, lifetime time.Duration) (*MapResponse, error) {
-	localIP, err := c.getLocalIP()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get local IP: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	proto, err := protocolNumber(protocol)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse protocol: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var nonce [12]byte
-	if _, err := rand.Read(nonce[:]); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate nonce: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Convert lifetime to seconds. Lifetime 0 means delete, so only apply
-	// default for positive durations that round to 0 seconds.
-	var lifetimeSec uint32
-	if lifetime > 0 {
-		lifetimeSec = uint32(lifetime.Seconds())
-		if lifetimeSec == 0 {
-			lifetimeSec = DefaultLifetime
-		}
-	}
-
-	req := buildMapRequest(localIP, nonce, proto, uint16(internalPort), uint16(suggestedExtPort), suggestedExtIP, lifetimeSec)
-
-	resp, err := c.sendRequest(ctx, req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("send map request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	mapResp, err := parseMapResponse(resp)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse map response: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if mapResp.Nonce != nonce {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("nonce mismatch in response")
-	}
-
-	if mapResp.Protocol != proto {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("protocol mismatch: requested %d, got %d", proto, mapResp.Protocol)
-	}
-	if mapResp.InternalPort != uint16(internalPort) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("internal port mismatch: requested %d, got %d", internalPort, mapResp.InternalPort)
-	}
-
-	if mapResp.ResultCode != ResultSuccess {
-		return nil, &Error{
-			Code:    mapResp.ResultCode,
-			Message: ResultCodeString(mapResp.ResultCode),
-		}
-	}
-
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	if c.updateEpochLocked(mapResp.Epoch) {
-		log.Warnf("PCP server epoch indicates state loss - mappings may need refresh")
-	}
-	c.cacheExternalIPLocked(mapResp.ExternalIP)
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-	return mapResp, nil
-}
-
-// DeletePortMapping removes a port mapping by requesting zero lifetime.
-func (c *Client) DeletePortMapping(ctx context.Context, protocol string, internalPort int) error {
-	if _, err := c.addPortMappingWithHint(ctx, protocol, internalPort, 0, netip.Addr{}, 0); err != nil {
-		var pcpErr *Error
-		if errors.As(err, &pcpErr) && pcpErr.Code == ResultNotAuthorized {
-			return nil
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete mapping: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetExternalAddress returns the external IP address.
-// First checks for a cached value from previous MAP responses.
-// If not cached, creates a short-lived mapping to discover the external IP.
-func (c *Client) GetExternalAddress(ctx context.Context) (net.IP, error) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	if c.externalIP.IsValid() {
-		ip := c.externalIP.AsSlice()
-		c.mu.Unlock()
-		return ip, nil
-	}
-	c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	// Use an ephemeral port in the dynamic range (49152-65535).
-	// Port 0 is not valid with UDP/TCP protocols per RFC 6887.
-	ephemeralPort := 49152 + int(uint16(time.Now().UnixNano()))%(65535-49152)
-
-	// Use minimal lifetime (1 second) for discovery.
-	resp, err := c.AddPortMapping(ctx, "udp", ephemeralPort, time.Second)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create temporary mapping: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := c.DeletePortMapping(ctx, "udp", ephemeralPort); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("cleanup temporary PCP mapping: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return resp.ExternalIP.AsSlice(), nil
-}
-
-// LastEpoch returns the last observed server epoch value.
-// A decrease in epoch indicates the server may have restarted and mappings may be lost.
-func (c *Client) LastEpoch() uint32 {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-	return c.lastEpoch
-}
-
-// EpochStateLost returns true if epoch state loss was detected and clears the flag.
-func (c *Client) EpochStateLost() bool {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-	lost := c.epochStateLost
-	c.epochStateLost = false
-	return lost
-}
-
-// updateEpoch updates the epoch tracking and detects potential state loss.
-// Returns true if state loss was detected (server likely restarted).
-// Caller must hold c.mu.
-func (c *Client) updateEpochLocked(newEpoch uint32) bool {
-	now := time.Now()
-	stateLost := false
-
-	// RFC 6887 Section 8.5: Detect invalid epoch indicating server state loss.
-	// client_delta = time since last response
-	// server_delta = epoch change since last response
-	// Invalid if: client_delta+2 < server_delta - server_delta/16
-	//         OR: server_delta+2 < client_delta - client_delta/16
-	// The +2 handles quantization, /16 (6.25%) handles clock drift.
-	if !c.epochTime.IsZero() && c.lastEpoch > 0 {
-		clientDelta := uint32(now.Sub(c.epochTime).Seconds())
-		serverDelta := newEpoch - c.lastEpoch
-
-		// Check for epoch going backwards or jumping unexpectedly.
-		// Subtraction is safe: serverDelta/16 is always <= serverDelta.
-		if clientDelta+2 < serverDelta-(serverDelta/16) ||
-			serverDelta+2 < clientDelta-(clientDelta/16) {
-			stateLost = true
-			c.epochStateLost = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	c.lastEpoch = newEpoch
-	c.epochTime = now
-	return stateLost
-}
-
-// cacheExternalIP stores the external IP from a successful MAP response.
-// Caller must hold c.mu.
-func (c *Client) cacheExternalIPLocked(ip netip.Addr) {
-	if ip.IsValid() && !ip.IsUnspecified() {
-		c.externalIP = ip
-	}
-}
-
-// sendRequest sends a PCP request with retries per RFC 6887 Section 8.1.1.
-func (c *Client) sendRequest(ctx context.Context, req []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	addr := &net.UDPAddr{IP: c.gateway.AsSlice(), Port: Port}
-
-	var lastErr error
-	delay := initialRetryDelay
-
-	for range maxRetries {
-		resp, err := c.sendOnce(ctx, addr, req)
-		if err == nil {
-			return resp, nil
-		}
-		lastErr = err
-
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			return nil, ctx.Err()
-		}
-
-		// RFC 6887 Section 8.1.1: RT = (1 + RAND) * MIN(2 * RTprev, MRT)
-		// RAND is random between -0.1 and +0.1
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return nil, ctx.Err()
-		case <-time.After(retryDelayWithJitter(delay)):
-		}
-		delay = min(delay*2, maxRetryDelay)
-	}
-
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("PCP request failed after %d retries: %w", maxRetries, lastErr)
-}
-
-// retryDelayWithJitter applies RFC 6887 jitter: multiply by (1 + RAND) where RAND is [-0.1, +0.1].
-func retryDelayWithJitter(d time.Duration) time.Duration {
-	var b [1]byte
-	_, _ = rand.Read(b[:])
-	// Convert byte to range [-0.1, +0.1]: (b/255 * 0.2) - 0.1
-	jitter := (float64(b[0])/255.0)*0.2 - 0.1
-	return time.Duration(float64(d) * (1 + jitter))
-}
-
-func (c *Client) sendOnce(ctx context.Context, addr *net.UDPAddr, req []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	// Use ListenUDP instead of DialUDP to validate response source address per RFC 6887 §8.3.
-	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("close UDP connection: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	timeout := c.timeout
-	if deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
-		if remaining := time.Until(deadline); remaining < timeout {
-			timeout = remaining
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err := conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(timeout)); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("set deadline: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if _, err := conn.WriteToUDP(req, addr); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	resp := make([]byte, responseBufferSize)
-	n, from, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(resp)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// RFC 6887 §8.3: Validate response came from expected PCP server.
-	if !from.IP.Equal(addr.IP) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("response from unexpected source %s (expected %s)", from.IP, addr.IP)
-	}
-
-	return resp[:n], nil
-}
-
-func (c *Client) getLocalIP() (netip.Addr, error) {
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if !c.localIP.IsValid() {
-		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("local IP not set for gateway %s", c.gateway)
-	}
-	return c.localIP, nil
-}
-
-func protocolNumber(protocol string) (uint8, error) {
-	switch protocol {
-	case "udp", "UDP":
-		return ProtoUDP, nil
-	case "tcp", "TCP":
-		return ProtoTCP, nil
-	default:
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unsupported protocol: %s", protocol)
-	}
-}
-
-// Error represents a PCP error response.
-type Error struct {
-	Code    uint8
-	Message string
-}
-
-func (e *Error) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("PCP error: %s (%d)", e.Message, e.Code)
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/client_test.go b/client/internal/portforward/pcp/client_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 79f44a426..000000000
--- a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/client_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
-package pcp
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestAddrConversion(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		addr netip.Addr
-	}{
-		{"IPv4", netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100")},
-		{"IPv4 loopback", netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")},
-		{"IPv6", netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1")},
-		{"IPv6 loopback", netip.MustParseAddr("::1")},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			b16 := addrTo16(tt.addr)
-
-			recovered := addrFrom16(b16)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.addr, recovered, "address should round-trip")
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestBuildAnnounceRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	clientIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100")
-	req := buildAnnounceRequest(clientIP)
-
-	require.Len(t, req, headerSize)
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(Version), req[0], "version")
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(OpAnnounce), req[1], "opcode")
-
-	// Check client IP is properly encoded as IPv4-mapped IPv6
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(0xff), req[18], "IPv4-mapped prefix byte 10")
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(0xff), req[19], "IPv4-mapped prefix byte 11")
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(192), req[20], "IP octet 1")
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(168), req[21], "IP octet 2")
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(1), req[22], "IP octet 3")
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(100), req[23], "IP octet 4")
-}
-
-func TestBuildMapRequest(t *testing.T) {
-	clientIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100")
-	nonce := [12]byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
-	req := buildMapRequest(clientIP, nonce, ProtoUDP, 51820, 51820, netip.Addr{}, 3600)
-
-	require.Len(t, req, mapRequestSize)
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(Version), req[0], "version")
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(OpMap), req[1], "opcode")
-
-	// Lifetime at bytes 4-7
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(3600), (uint32(req[4])<<24)|(uint32(req[5])<<16)|(uint32(req[6])<<8)|uint32(req[7]), "lifetime")
-
-	// Nonce at bytes 24-35
-	assert.Equal(t, nonce[:], req[24:36], "nonce")
-
-	// Protocol at byte 36
-	assert.Equal(t, byte(ProtoUDP), req[36], "protocol")
-
-	// Internal port at bytes 40-41
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(51820), (uint16(req[40])<<8)|uint16(req[41]), "internal port")
-
-	// External port at bytes 42-43
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(51820), (uint16(req[42])<<8)|uint16(req[43]), "external port")
-}
-
-func TestParseResponse(t *testing.T) {
-	// Construct a valid ANNOUNCE response
-	resp := make([]byte, headerSize)
-	resp[0] = Version
-	resp[1] = OpAnnounce | OpReply
-	// Result code = 0 (success)
-	// Lifetime = 0
-	// Epoch = 12345
-	resp[8] = 0
-	resp[9] = 0
-	resp[10] = 0x30
-	resp[11] = 0x39
-
-	parsed, err := parseResponse(resp)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint8(Version), parsed.Version)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint8(OpAnnounce|OpReply), parsed.Opcode)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint8(ResultSuccess), parsed.ResultCode)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint32(12345), parsed.Epoch)
-}
-
-func TestParseResponseErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("too short", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := parseResponse([]byte{1, 2, 3})
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("wrong version", func(t *testing.T) {
-		resp := make([]byte, headerSize)
-		resp[0] = 1 // Wrong version
-		resp[1] = OpReply
-		_, err := parseResponse(resp)
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("missing reply bit", func(t *testing.T) {
-		resp := make([]byte, headerSize)
-		resp[0] = Version
-		resp[1] = OpAnnounce // Missing OpReply bit
-		_, err := parseResponse(resp)
-		assert.Error(t, err)
-	})
-}
-
-func TestResultCodeString(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.Equal(t, "SUCCESS", ResultCodeString(ResultSuccess))
-	assert.Equal(t, "NOT_AUTHORIZED", ResultCodeString(ResultNotAuthorized))
-	assert.Equal(t, "ADDRESS_MISMATCH", ResultCodeString(ResultAddressMismatch))
-	assert.Contains(t, ResultCodeString(255), "UNKNOWN")
-}
-
-func TestProtocolNumber(t *testing.T) {
-	proto, err := protocolNumber("udp")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint8(ProtoUDP), proto)
-
-	proto, err = protocolNumber("tcp")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint8(ProtoTCP), proto)
-
-	proto, err = protocolNumber("UDP")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint8(ProtoUDP), proto)
-
-	_, err = protocolNumber("icmp")
-	assert.Error(t, err)
-}
-
-func TestClientCreation(t *testing.T) {
-	gateway := netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1").AsSlice()
-
-	client := NewClient(gateway)
-	assert.Equal(t, net.IP(gateway), client.Gateway())
-	assert.Equal(t, defaultTimeout, client.timeout)
-
-	clientWithTimeout := NewClientWithTimeout(gateway, 5*time.Second)
-	assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Second, clientWithTimeout.timeout)
-}
-
-func TestNATType(t *testing.T) {
-	n := NewNAT(netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1").AsSlice(), netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.100").AsSlice())
-	assert.Equal(t, "PCP", n.Type())
-}
-
-// Integration test - skipped unless PCP_TEST_GATEWAY env is set
-func TestClientIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Skip("Integration test - run manually with PCP_TEST_GATEWAY=<gateway-ip>")
-
-	gateway := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.1.1").AsSlice()   // Change to your test gateway
-	localIP := netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.1.100").AsSlice() // Change to your local IP
-
-	client := NewClient(gateway)
-	client.SetLocalIP(localIP)
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	// Test ANNOUNCE
-	epoch, err := client.Announce(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Logf("Server epoch: %d", epoch)
-
-	// Test MAP
-	resp, err := client.AddPortMapping(ctx, "udp", 51820, 1*time.Hour)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Logf("Mapping: internal=%d external=%d externalIP=%s",
-		resp.InternalPort, resp.ExternalPort, resp.ExternalIP)
-
-	// Cleanup
-	err = client.DeletePortMapping(ctx, "udp", 51820)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/nat.go b/client/internal/portforward/pcp/nat.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 1dc24274b..000000000
--- a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/nat.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-package pcp
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-nat"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-netroute"
-)
-
-var _ nat.NAT = (*NAT)(nil)
-
-// NAT implements the go-nat NAT interface using PCP.
-// Supports dual-stack (IPv4 and IPv6) when available.
-// All methods are safe for concurrent use.
-//
-// TODO: IPv6 pinholes use the local IPv6 address. If the address changes
-// (e.g., due to SLAAC rotation or network change), the pinhole becomes stale
-// and needs to be recreated with the new address.
-type NAT struct {
-	client *Client
-
-	mu sync.RWMutex
-	// client6 is the IPv6 PCP client, nil if IPv6 is unavailable.
-	client6 *Client
-	// localIP6 caches the local IPv6 address used for PCP requests.
-	localIP6 netip.Addr
-}
-
-// NewNAT creates a new NAT instance backed by PCP.
-func NewNAT(gateway, localIP net.IP) *NAT {
-	client := NewClient(gateway)
-	client.SetLocalIP(localIP)
-	return &NAT{
-		client: client,
-	}
-}
-
-// Type returns "PCP" as the NAT type.
-func (n *NAT) Type() string {
-	return "PCP"
-}
-
-// GetDeviceAddress returns the gateway IP address.
-func (n *NAT) GetDeviceAddress() (net.IP, error) {
-	return n.client.Gateway(), nil
-}
-
-// GetExternalAddress returns the external IP address.
-func (n *NAT) GetExternalAddress() (net.IP, error) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-	return n.client.GetExternalAddress(ctx)
-}
-
-// GetInternalAddress returns the local IP address used to communicate with the gateway.
-func (n *NAT) GetInternalAddress() (net.IP, error) {
-	addr, err := n.client.getLocalIP()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return addr.AsSlice(), nil
-}
-
-// AddPortMapping creates a port mapping on both IPv4 and IPv6 (if available).
-func (n *NAT) AddPortMapping(ctx context.Context, protocol string, internalPort int, _ string, timeout time.Duration) (int, error) {
-	resp, err := n.client.AddPortMapping(ctx, protocol, internalPort, timeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("add mapping: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	n.mu.RLock()
-	client6 := n.client6
-	localIP6 := n.localIP6
-	n.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if client6 == nil {
-		return int(resp.ExternalPort), nil
-	}
-
-	if _, err := client6.AddPortMapping(ctx, protocol, internalPort, timeout); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("IPv6 PCP mapping failed (continuing with IPv4): %v", err)
-		return int(resp.ExternalPort), nil
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("created IPv6 PCP pinhole: %s:%d", localIP6, internalPort)
-	return int(resp.ExternalPort), nil
-}
-
-// DeletePortMapping removes a port mapping from both IPv4 and IPv6.
-func (n *NAT) DeletePortMapping(ctx context.Context, protocol string, internalPort int) error {
-	err := n.client.DeletePortMapping(ctx, protocol, internalPort)
-
-	n.mu.RLock()
-	client6 := n.client6
-	n.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	if client6 != nil {
-		if err6 := client6.DeletePortMapping(ctx, protocol, internalPort); err6 != nil {
-			log.Warnf("IPv6 PCP delete mapping failed: %v", err6)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("delete mapping: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// CheckServerHealth sends an ANNOUNCE to verify the server is still responsive.
-// Returns the current epoch and whether the server may have restarted (epoch state loss detected).
-func (n *NAT) CheckServerHealth(ctx context.Context) (epoch uint32, serverRestarted bool, err error) {
-	epoch, err = n.client.Announce(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, false, fmt.Errorf("announce: %w", err)
-	}
-	return epoch, n.client.EpochStateLost(), nil
-}
-
-// DiscoverPCP attempts to discover a PCP-capable gateway.
-// Returns a NAT interface if PCP is supported, or an error otherwise.
-// Discovers both IPv4 and IPv6 gateways when available.
-func DiscoverPCP(ctx context.Context) (nat.NAT, error) {
-	gateway, localIP, err := getDefaultGateway()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get default gateway: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	client := NewClient(gateway)
-	client.SetLocalIP(localIP)
-	if _, err := client.Announce(ctx); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("PCP announce: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	result := &NAT{client: client}
-	discoverIPv6(ctx, result)
-
-	return result, nil
-}
-
-func discoverIPv6(ctx context.Context, result *NAT) {
-	gateway6, localIP6, err := getDefaultGateway6()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("IPv6 gateway discovery failed: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	client6 := NewClient(gateway6)
-	client6.SetLocalIP(localIP6)
-	if _, err := client6.Announce(ctx); err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("PCP IPv6 announce failed: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(localIP6)
-	if !ok {
-		log.Debugf("invalid IPv6 local IP: %v", localIP6)
-		return
-	}
-	result.mu.Lock()
-	result.client6 = client6
-	result.localIP6 = addr
-	result.mu.Unlock()
-	log.Debugf("PCP IPv6 gateway discovered: %s (local: %s)", gateway6, localIP6)
-}
-
-// getDefaultGateway returns the default IPv4 gateway and local IP using the system routing table.
-func getDefaultGateway() (gateway net.IP, localIP net.IP, err error) {
-	router, err := netroute.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	_, gateway, localIP, err = router.Route(net.IPv4zero)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	if gateway == nil {
-		return nil, nil, nat.ErrNoNATFound
-	}
-
-	return gateway, localIP, nil
-}
-
-// getDefaultGateway6 returns the default IPv6 gateway IP address using the system routing table.
-func getDefaultGateway6() (gateway net.IP, localIP net.IP, err error) {
-	router, err := netroute.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	_, gateway, localIP, err = router.Route(net.IPv6zero)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	if gateway == nil {
-		return nil, nil, nat.ErrNoNATFound
-	}
-
-	return gateway, localIP, nil
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/protocol.go b/client/internal/portforward/pcp/protocol.go
deleted file mode 100644
index d81c50c8c..000000000
--- a/client/internal/portforward/pcp/protocol.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,225 +0,0 @@
-// Package pcp implements the Port Control Protocol (RFC 6887).
-//
-// # Implemented Features
-//
-//   - ANNOUNCE opcode: Discovers PCP server support
-//   - MAP opcode: Creates/deletes port mappings (IPv4 NAT) and firewall pinholes (IPv6)
-//   - Dual-stack: Simultaneous IPv4 and IPv6 support via separate clients
-//   - Nonce validation: Prevents response spoofing
-//   - Epoch tracking: Detects server restarts per Section 8.5
-//   - RFC-compliant retry timing: 3s initial, exponential backoff to 1024s max (Section 8.1.1)
-//
-// # Not Implemented
-//
-//   - PEER opcode: For outbound peer connections (not needed for inbound NAT traversal)
-//   - THIRD_PARTY option: For managing mappings on behalf of other devices
-//   - PREFER_FAILURE option: Requires exact external port or fail (IPv4 NAT only, not needed for IPv6 pinholing)
-//   - FILTER option: To restrict remote peer addresses
-//
-// These optional features are omitted because the primary use case is simple
-// port forwarding for WireGuard, which only requires MAP with default behavior.
-package pcp
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-)
-
-const (
-	// Version is the PCP protocol version (RFC 6887).
-	Version = 2
-
-	// Port is the standard PCP server port.
-	Port = 5351
-
-	// DefaultLifetime is the default requested mapping lifetime in seconds.
-	DefaultLifetime = 7200 // 2 hours
-
-	// Header sizes
-	headerSize     = 24
-	mapPayloadSize = 36
-	mapRequestSize = headerSize + mapPayloadSize // 60 bytes
-)
-
-// Opcodes
-const (
-	OpAnnounce = 0
-	OpMap      = 1
-	OpPeer     = 2
-	OpReply    = 0x80 // OR'd with opcode in responses
-)
-
-// Protocol numbers for MAP requests
-const (
-	ProtoUDP = 17
-	ProtoTCP = 6
-)
-
-// Result codes (RFC 6887 Section 7.4)
-const (
-	ResultSuccess              = 0
-	ResultUnsuppVersion        = 1
-	ResultNotAuthorized        = 2
-	ResultMalformedRequest     = 3
-	ResultUnsuppOpcode         = 4
-	ResultUnsuppOption         = 5
-	ResultMalformedOption      = 6
-	ResultNetworkFailure       = 7
-	ResultNoResources          = 8
-	ResultUnsuppProtocol       = 9
-	ResultUserExQuota          = 10
-	ResultCannotProvideExt     = 11
-	ResultAddressMismatch      = 12
-	ResultExcessiveRemotePeers = 13
-)
-
-// ResultCodeString returns a human-readable string for a result code.
-func ResultCodeString(code uint8) string {
-	switch code {
-	case ResultSuccess:
-		return "SUCCESS"
-	case ResultUnsuppVersion:
-		return "UNSUPP_VERSION"
-	case ResultNotAuthorized:
-		return "NOT_AUTHORIZED"
-	case ResultMalformedRequest:
-		return "MALFORMED_REQUEST"
-	case ResultUnsuppOpcode:
-		return "UNSUPP_OPCODE"
-	case ResultUnsuppOption:
-		return "UNSUPP_OPTION"
-	case ResultMalformedOption:
-		return "MALFORMED_OPTION"
-	case ResultNetworkFailure:
-		return "NETWORK_FAILURE"
-	case ResultNoResources:
-		return "NO_RESOURCES"
-	case ResultUnsuppProtocol:
-		return "UNSUPP_PROTOCOL"
-	case ResultUserExQuota:
-		return "USER_EX_QUOTA"
-	case ResultCannotProvideExt:
-		return "CANNOT_PROVIDE_EXTERNAL"
-	case ResultAddressMismatch:
-		return "ADDRESS_MISMATCH"
-	case ResultExcessiveRemotePeers:
-		return "EXCESSIVE_REMOTE_PEERS"
-	default:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("UNKNOWN(%d)", code)
-	}
-}
-
-// Response represents a parsed PCP response header.
-type Response struct {
-	Version    uint8
-	Opcode     uint8
-	ResultCode uint8
-	Lifetime   uint32
-	Epoch      uint32
-}
-
-// MapResponse contains the full response to a MAP request.
-type MapResponse struct {
-	Response
-	Nonce        [12]byte
-	Protocol     uint8
-	InternalPort uint16
-	ExternalPort uint16
-	ExternalIP   netip.Addr
-}
-
-// addrTo16 converts an address to its 16-byte IPv4-mapped IPv6 representation.
-func addrTo16(addr netip.Addr) [16]byte {
-	if addr.Is4() {
-		return netip.AddrFrom4(addr.As4()).As16()
-	}
-	return addr.As16()
-}
-
-// addrFrom16 extracts an address from a 16-byte representation, unmapping IPv4.
-func addrFrom16(b [16]byte) netip.Addr {
-	return netip.AddrFrom16(b).Unmap()
-}
-
-// buildAnnounceRequest creates a PCP ANNOUNCE request packet.
-func buildAnnounceRequest(clientIP netip.Addr) []byte {
-	req := make([]byte, headerSize)
-	req[0] = Version
-	req[1] = OpAnnounce
-	mapped := addrTo16(clientIP)
-	copy(req[8:24], mapped[:])
-	return req
-}
-
-// buildMapRequest creates a PCP MAP request packet.
-func buildMapRequest(clientIP netip.Addr, nonce [12]byte, protocol uint8, internalPort, suggestedExtPort uint16, suggestedExtIP netip.Addr, lifetime uint32) []byte {
-	req := make([]byte, mapRequestSize)
-
-	// Header
-	req[0] = Version
-	req[1] = OpMap
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(req[4:8], lifetime)
-	mapped := addrTo16(clientIP)
-	copy(req[8:24], mapped[:])
-
-	// MAP payload
-	copy(req[24:36], nonce[:])
-	req[36] = protocol
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(req[40:42], internalPort)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(req[42:44], suggestedExtPort)
-	if suggestedExtIP.IsValid() {
-		extMapped := addrTo16(suggestedExtIP)
-		copy(req[44:60], extMapped[:])
-	}
-
-	return req
-}
-
-// parseResponse parses the common PCP response header.
-func parseResponse(data []byte) (*Response, error) {
-	if len(data) < headerSize {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("response too short: %d bytes", len(data))
-	}
-
-	resp := &Response{
-		Version:    data[0],
-		Opcode:     data[1],
-		ResultCode: data[3], // Byte 2 is reserved, byte 3 is result code (RFC 6887 §7.2)
-		Lifetime:   binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[4:8]),
-		Epoch:      binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[8:12]),
-	}
-
-	if resp.Version != Version {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported PCP version: %d", resp.Version)
-	}
-
-	if resp.Opcode&OpReply == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("response missing reply bit: opcode=0x%02x", resp.Opcode)
-	}
-
-	return resp, nil
-}
-
-// parseMapResponse parses a complete MAP response.
-func parseMapResponse(data []byte) (*MapResponse, error) {
-	if len(data) < mapRequestSize {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("MAP response too short: %d bytes", len(data))
-	}
-
-	resp, err := parseResponse(data)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse header: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	mapResp := &MapResponse{
-		Response:     *resp,
-		Protocol:     data[36],
-		InternalPort: binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[40:42]),
-		ExternalPort: binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[42:44]),
-		ExternalIP:   addrFrom16([16]byte(data[44:60])),
-	}
-	copy(mapResp.Nonce[:], data[24:36])
-
-	return mapResp, nil
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/portforward/pinhole_test.go b/client/internal/portforward/pinhole_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46b07a9e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/portforward/pinhole_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+//go:build !js
+
+package portforward
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/go-nat"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// mockPinholeNAT is a gateway that also reports an IPv6 pinhole outcome, the
+// shape a dual-stack gateway has.
+type mockPinholeNAT struct {
+	*mockNAT
+	pinholeErr error
+}
+
+func (m *mockPinholeNAT) IPv6PinholeError() error {
+	return m.pinholeErr
+}
+
+func TestSetupLogsPinholeOutcome(t *testing.T) {
+	pinholeErr := errors.New("pcp ipv6: NOT_AUTHORIZED")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		pinholeErr error
+		mappingErr error
+		wantLevel  log.Level
+		wantText   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "an open pinhole is reported",
+			wantLevel: log.InfoLevel,
+			wantText:  "IPv6 pinhole open",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "a failed pinhole is reported without failing the mapping",
+			// The IPv4 mapping is what the caller asked for, so the pinhole
+			// failure surfaces only in the log.
+			pinholeErr: pinholeErr,
+			wantLevel:  log.WarnLevel,
+			wantText:   pinholeErr.Error(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			gateway := &mockPinholeNAT{mockNAT: newMockNAT(), pinholeErr: tt.pinholeErr}
+			hook := stubGatewayDiscovery(t, gateway)
+
+			m := NewManager()
+			m.wgPort = 51820
+
+			_, mapping, err := m.setup(context.Background())
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, mapping)
+
+			entry := findEntry(hook, tt.wantText)
+			require.NotNil(t, entry, "no log entry mentioning %q", tt.wantText)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantLevel, entry.Level)
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("a failed mapping reports no pinhole outcome", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Nothing opened the pinhole, so whatever it currently reports says
+		// nothing about this attempt.
+		gateway := &mockPinholeNAT{mockNAT: newMockNAT()}
+		gateway.addMappingErr = errors.New("gateway refused")
+		hook := stubGatewayDiscovery(t, gateway)
+
+		m := NewManager()
+		m.wgPort = 51820
+
+		_, _, err := m.setup(context.Background())
+
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, findEntry(hook, "IPv6 pinhole"))
+	})
+}
+
+// stubGatewayDiscovery makes discovery return gateway and captures log output.
+func stubGatewayDiscovery(t *testing.T, gateway nat.NAT) *test.Hook {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	orig := discoverGateway
+	discoverGateway = func(context.Context) (nat.NAT, error) { return gateway, nil }
+	t.Cleanup(func() { discoverGateway = orig })
+
+	hook := test.NewGlobal()
+	origLevel := log.GetLevel()
+	log.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		hook.Reset()
+		log.SetLevel(origLevel)
+	})
+
+	return hook
+}
+
+func findEntry(hook *test.Hook, substr string) *log.Entry {
+	for _, entry := range hook.AllEntries() {
+		if strings.Contains(entry.Message, substr) {
+			return entry
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/portforward/state.go b/client/internal/portforward/state.go
index b1315cdc0..a21368e58 100644
--- a/client/internal/portforward/state.go
+++ b/client/internal/portforward/state.go
@@ -4,27 +4,94 @@ package portforward
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"time"
 
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-nat"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/go-nat"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/go-nat/pcp"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/portforward/pcp"
 )
 
 // discoverGateway is the function used for NAT gateway discovery.
 // It can be replaced in tests to avoid real network operations.
-// Tries PCP first, then falls back to NAT-PMP/UPnP.
 var discoverGateway = defaultDiscoverGateway
 
-func defaultDiscoverGateway(ctx context.Context) (nat.NAT, error) {
-	pcpGateway, err := pcp.DiscoverPCP(ctx)
-	if err == nil {
-		return pcpGateway, nil
-	}
-	log.Debugf("PCP discovery failed: %v, trying NAT-PMP/UPnP", err)
+// pinholeDiscoveryTimeout is the slice of the discovery budget held back for
+// the IPv6 pinhole probe.
+//
+// Sizing it is coarser than it looks: PCP retransmits on a 3s socket timeout
+// and a 3s first backoff, so a second attempt needs about 9s. Anything from
+// roughly 1s to 8s therefore buys exactly one attempt, and this only sets how
+// long that attempt waits. A PCP server sits on the local link and answers in
+// milliseconds, so 3s is margin rather than need, and the rest is left to
+// gateway discovery, whose multicast SSDP search alone takes 5s. A probe lost
+// to a dropped packet is retried by the next discovery round.
+//
+// It is a variable so tests can shorten it.
+var pinholeDiscoveryTimeout = 3 * time.Second
 
-	return nat.DiscoverGateway(ctx)
+// Discovery entry points, as variables so tests can drive the fallback without
+// touching the network.
+var (
+	discoverNATGateway = nat.DiscoverGateway
+
+	discoverPCPPinhole = func(ctx context.Context) (nat.NAT, error) {
+		pinhole, err := pcp.DiscoverPCP(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return pinhole, nil
+	}
+)
+
+// defaultDiscoverGateway finds a gateway that can make the WireGuard port
+// reachable. DiscoverGateway prefers PCP for IPv4, races UPnP and NAT-PMP
+// behind it, and attaches an IPv6 pinhole independently of which IPv4 protocol
+// wins.
+//
+// It reports no gateway on a network offering only IPv6, having no IPv4 mapping
+// to attach a pinhole to. Such a network still needs one: there is no
+// translation to traverse, but the router drops inbound IPv6 until something
+// opens it. Fall back to PCP alone, which yields a gateway holding just the
+// pinhole.
+func defaultDiscoverGateway(ctx context.Context) (nat.NAT, error) {
+	gatewayCtx, cancel := reserveForPinhole(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	gateway, err := discoverNATGateway(gatewayCtx)
+	if err == nil {
+		return gateway, nil
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, nat.ErrNoNATFound) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	pinhole, pinholeErr := discoverPCPPinhole(ctx)
+	if pinholeErr != nil {
+		log.Debugf("no IPv6 pinhole after %v: %v", err, pinholeErr)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("no IPv4 gateway, continuing with an IPv6 pinhole only")
+	return pinhole, nil
+}
+
+// reserveForPinhole shortens ctx so that a pinhole probe still has time to run
+// afterwards. Finding nothing takes gateway discovery everything it is given,
+// so on the unshortened context the probe would start already expired. A budget
+// too small to divide is left to gateway discovery, which is the likelier win.
+func reserveForPinhole(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, context.CancelFunc) {
+	deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline()
+	if !ok {
+		return context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	}
+
+	remaining := time.Until(deadline)
+	if remaining <= pinholeDiscoveryTimeout {
+		return context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	}
+	return context.WithTimeout(ctx, remaining-pinholeDiscoveryTimeout)
 }
 
 // State is persisted only for crash recovery cleanup
diff --git a/client/internal/portforward/state_test.go b/client/internal/portforward/state_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a584eecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/portforward/state_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+//go:build !js
+
+package portforward
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/go-nat"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// stubDiscovery replaces both discovery entry points for the duration of a
+// test. gatewayDelay simulates gateway discovery spending everything it is
+// given before reporting that it found nothing.
+func stubDiscovery(t *testing.T, gateway nat.NAT, gatewayErr error, gatewayDelay time.Duration, pinhole nat.NAT, pinholeErr error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	origGateway, origPinhole := discoverNATGateway, discoverPCPPinhole
+	discoverNATGateway = func(ctx context.Context) (nat.NAT, error) {
+		if gatewayDelay > 0 {
+			select {
+			case <-time.After(gatewayDelay):
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+			}
+		}
+		return gateway, gatewayErr
+	}
+	discoverPCPPinhole = func(ctx context.Context) (nat.NAT, error) {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return pinhole, pinholeErr
+	}
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() { discoverNATGateway, discoverPCPPinhole = origGateway, origPinhole })
+}
+
+func TestDefaultDiscoverGateway(t *testing.T) {
+	ipv4Gateway := &mockNAT{natType: "PCP+PCPv6"}
+	ipv6Pinhole := &mockNAT{natType: "PCP"}
+	otherErr := errors.New("routing table unavailable")
+
+	t.Run("an IPv4 gateway is used as is", func(t *testing.T) {
+		stubDiscovery(t, ipv4Gateway, nil, 0, ipv6Pinhole, nil)
+
+		got, err := defaultDiscoverGateway(context.Background())
+
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Same(t, ipv4Gateway, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no IPv4 gateway still opens an IPv6 pinhole", func(t *testing.T) {
+		stubDiscovery(t, nil, nat.ErrNoNATFound, 0, ipv6Pinhole, nil)
+
+		got, err := defaultDiscoverGateway(context.Background())
+
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Same(t, ipv6Pinhole, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no gateway and no pinhole reports the original failure", func(t *testing.T) {
+		stubDiscovery(t, nil, nat.ErrNoNATFound, 0, nil, errors.New("no IPv6 route"))
+
+		got, err := defaultDiscoverGateway(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Nil(t, got)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, nat.ErrNoNATFound, "the pinhole failure must not mask why no gateway was found")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a failure other than no-gateway is reported as is", func(t *testing.T) {
+		stubDiscovery(t, nil, otherErr, 0, ipv6Pinhole, nil)
+
+		got, err := defaultDiscoverGateway(context.Background())
+
+		assert.Nil(t, got)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, otherErr)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("the pinhole survives gateway discovery using its whole budget", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// On one shared context the probe would start already expired, which is
+		// how this failed against a real gateway.
+		reserve := 50 * time.Millisecond
+		origReserve := pinholeDiscoveryTimeout
+		pinholeDiscoveryTimeout = reserve
+		t.Cleanup(func() { pinholeDiscoveryTimeout = origReserve })
+
+		budget := 4 * reserve
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), budget)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		stubDiscovery(t, nil, nat.ErrNoNATFound, budget, ipv6Pinhole, nil)
+
+		got, err := defaultDiscoverGateway(ctx)
+
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Same(t, ipv6Pinhole, got)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReserveForPinhole(t *testing.T) {
+	origReserve := pinholeDiscoveryTimeout
+	pinholeDiscoveryTimeout = time.Second
+	t.Cleanup(func() { pinholeDiscoveryTimeout = origReserve })
+
+	t.Run("a budget is divided", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		gatewayCtx, cancelGateway := reserveForPinhole(ctx)
+		defer cancelGateway()
+
+		deadline, ok := gatewayCtx.Deadline()
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.InDelta(t, 9*time.Second, time.Until(deadline), float64(500*time.Millisecond))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a budget too small to divide is left whole", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 500*time.Millisecond)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		gatewayCtx, cancelGateway := reserveForPinhole(ctx)
+		defer cancelGateway()
+
+		deadline, ok := gatewayCtx.Deadline()
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.InDelta(t, 500*time.Millisecond, time.Until(deadline), float64(100*time.Millisecond))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no deadline stays unbounded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		gatewayCtx, cancelGateway := reserveForPinhole(context.Background())
+		defer cancelGateway()
+
+		_, ok := gatewayCtx.Deadline()
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/config.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/config.go
index 20c615d57..412f81b5c 100644
--- a/client/internal/profilemanager/config.go
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/config.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"os/user"
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	mgm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ type ConfigInput struct {
 	StateFilePath                 string
 	PreSharedKey                  *string
 	ServerSSHAllowed              *bool
+	RemoteJobsAllowed             *bool
 	EnableSSHRoot                 *bool
 	EnableSSHSFTP                 *bool
 	EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding  *bool
@@ -89,18 +92,25 @@ type ConfigInput struct {
 	DisableFirewall     *bool
 	BlockLANAccess      *bool
 	BlockInbound        *bool
+	DisableIPv6         *bool
+	SyncMessageVersion  *int
 
 	DisableNotifications *bool
 
 	DNSLabels domain.List
 
-	LazyConnectionEnabled *bool
-
 	MTU *uint16
+
+	LocalMetricsEnabled *bool
+	LocalMetricsAddress *string
 }
 
 // Config Configuration type
 type Config struct {
+	// Name is the human-readable profile name shown in CLI/UI listings.
+	// It is independent of the profile's on-disk filename (which is the ID).
+	Name string
+
 	// Wireguard private key of local peer
 	PrivateKey                    string
 	PreSharedKey                  string
@@ -114,6 +124,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	RosenpassEnabled              bool
 	RosenpassPermissive           bool
 	ServerSSHAllowed              *bool
+	RemoteJobsAllowed             *bool
 	EnableSSHRoot                 *bool
 	EnableSSHSFTP                 *bool
 	EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding  *bool
@@ -127,11 +138,18 @@ type Config struct {
 	DisableFirewall     bool
 	BlockLANAccess      bool
 	BlockInbound        bool
+	DisableIPv6         bool
+	SyncMessageVersion  *int
 
 	DisableNotifications *bool
 
 	DNSLabels domain.List
 
+	// LocalMetricsEnabled enables the local Prometheus /metrics endpoint.
+	LocalMetricsEnabled bool
+	// LocalMetricsAddress is the listen address of the local /metrics endpoint.
+	LocalMetricsAddress string
+
 	// SSHKey is a private SSH key in a PEM format
 	SSHKey string
 
@@ -168,9 +186,46 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	ClientCertKeyPair *tls.Certificate `json:"-"`
 
-	LazyConnectionEnabled bool
+	// LazyConnection is the MDM-managed lazy-connection override ("on"/"off"/"").
+	// Runtime-only: re-derived from MDM policy on each load, never persisted.
+	LazyConnection string `json:"-"`
+
+	// DebugBundleUploadURL is the MDM-managed debug-bundle upload URL override.
+	// When set, it takes precedence over the management-supplied upload URL for
+	// remote debug bundle jobs. Runtime-only: re-derived from MDM policy on each
+	// load, never persisted.
+	DebugBundleUploadURL string `json:"-"`
 
 	MTU uint16
+
+	// policy is the MDM policy that produced the currently-set values
+	// for any MDM-enforced fields. Set by ApplyMDMPolicy on every
+	// invocation. Never persisted to disk. Callers query enforcement
+	// state via Policy() and the mdm.Policy API (HasKey, ManagedKeys,
+	// IsEmpty).
+	policy *mdm.Policy `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// ApplyMDMPolicy overlays the supplied MDM Policy on top of the current
+// Config values and records it as Policy(). The overlay is not reversible:
+// an empty Policy only clears the enforcement metadata, so resolve the base
+// Config again (from disk or JSON) before applying a changed policy, the way
+// the lifecycle owners do on every load.
+func (config *Config) ApplyMDMPolicy(policy *mdm.Policy) {
+	if config == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	config.applyMDMPolicy(policy)
+}
+
+// Policy returns the MDM policy applied to this Config. Returns a non-nil
+// empty Policy when MDM enforcement is inactive; callers can always invoke
+// HasKey / ManagedKeys / IsEmpty without a nil check.
+func (config *Config) Policy() *mdm.Policy {
+	if config == nil || config.policy == nil {
+		return mdm.NewPolicy(nil)
+	}
+	return config.policy
 }
 
 var ConfigDirOverride string
@@ -186,6 +241,12 @@ func getConfigDir() (string, error) {
 	}
 
 	configDir := filepath.Join(base, "netbird")
+	// Under sudo this is the invoking user's directory and strictly read-only:
+	// anything root creates in it would be root-owned and break the user's own
+	// runs. Reads of a missing directory fall through to defaults.
+	if sudoActive() {
+		return configDir, nil
+	}
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -193,6 +254,16 @@ func getConfigDir() (string, error) {
 }
 
 func baseConfigDir() (string, error) {
+	if u, ok := sudoInvokingUser(); ok {
+		return userBaseConfigDir(u)
+	}
+	// Fail closed instead of falling through to root's own config directory:
+	// reading root's active-profile and email state for what is actually the
+	// invoking user's invocation is the very confusion this resolution exists
+	// to prevent.
+	if sudoActive() {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("resolve sudo invoking user %q: refusing to fall back to root's config directory", os.Getenv(envSudoUser))
+	}
 	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
 		if u, err := user.Current(); err == nil && u.HomeDir != "" {
 			return filepath.Join(u.HomeDir, "Library", "Application Support"), nil
@@ -234,7 +305,10 @@ func createNewConfig(input ConfigInput) (*Config, error) {
 	config := &Config{
 		// defaults to false only for new (post 0.26) configurations
 		ServerSSHAllowed: util.False(),
-		WgPort:           iface.DefaultWgPort,
+		// Remote jobs are an explicit opt-in and default off, including for
+		// legacy configs (a nil value materializes to false at connect time).
+		RemoteJobsAllowed: util.False(),
+		WgPort:            iface.DefaultWgPort,
 	}
 
 	if _, err := config.apply(input); err != nil {
@@ -245,6 +319,16 @@ func createNewConfig(input ConfigInput) (*Config, error) {
 }
 
 func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
+	if config.Name != "" {
+		sanitized, err := sanitizeDisplayName(config.Name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("invalid profile name: %w", err)
+		}
+		if sanitized != config.Name {
+			config.Name = sanitized
+			updated = true
+		}
+	}
 	if config.ManagementURL == nil {
 		log.Infof("using default Management URL %s", DefaultManagementURL)
 		config.ManagementURL, err = parseURL("Management URL", DefaultManagementURL)
@@ -347,7 +431,19 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.NetworkMonitor != nil && input.NetworkMonitor != config.NetworkMonitor {
+	if input.LocalMetricsEnabled != nil && *input.LocalMetricsEnabled != config.LocalMetricsEnabled {
+		log.Infof("switching local metrics to %t", *input.LocalMetricsEnabled)
+		config.LocalMetricsEnabled = *input.LocalMetricsEnabled
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.LocalMetricsAddress != nil && *input.LocalMetricsAddress != config.LocalMetricsAddress {
+		log.Infof("switching local metrics address to %s", *input.LocalMetricsAddress)
+		config.LocalMetricsAddress = *input.LocalMetricsAddress
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.NetworkMonitor != nil && (config.NetworkMonitor == nil || *input.NetworkMonitor != *config.NetworkMonitor) {
 		log.Infof("switching Network Monitor to %t", *input.NetworkMonitor)
 		config.NetworkMonitor = input.NetworkMonitor
 		updated = true
@@ -394,7 +490,7 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.ServerSSHAllowed != nil && *input.ServerSSHAllowed != *config.ServerSSHAllowed {
+	if input.ServerSSHAllowed != nil && (config.ServerSSHAllowed == nil || *input.ServerSSHAllowed != *config.ServerSSHAllowed) {
 		if *input.ServerSSHAllowed {
 			log.Infof("enabling SSH server")
 		} else {
@@ -415,7 +511,22 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.EnableSSHRoot != nil && input.EnableSSHRoot != config.EnableSSHRoot {
+	if input.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil && (config.RemoteJobsAllowed == nil || *input.RemoteJobsAllowed != *config.RemoteJobsAllowed) {
+		if *input.RemoteJobsAllowed {
+			log.Infof("enabling remote jobs")
+		} else {
+			log.Infof("disabling remote jobs")
+		}
+		config.RemoteJobsAllowed = input.RemoteJobsAllowed
+		updated = true
+	} else if config.RemoteJobsAllowed == nil {
+		// Remote jobs are an explicit opt-in: unlike SSH, a pre-existing config
+		// with no value defaults to disabled rather than being turned on.
+		config.RemoteJobsAllowed = util.False()
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.EnableSSHRoot != nil && (config.EnableSSHRoot == nil || *input.EnableSSHRoot != *config.EnableSSHRoot) {
 		if *input.EnableSSHRoot {
 			log.Infof("enabling SSH root login")
 		} else {
@@ -425,7 +536,7 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.EnableSSHSFTP != nil && input.EnableSSHSFTP != config.EnableSSHSFTP {
+	if input.EnableSSHSFTP != nil && (config.EnableSSHSFTP == nil || *input.EnableSSHSFTP != *config.EnableSSHSFTP) {
 		if *input.EnableSSHSFTP {
 			log.Infof("enabling SSH SFTP subsystem")
 		} else {
@@ -435,7 +546,7 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != nil && input.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding {
+	if input.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != nil && (config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding == nil || *input.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != *config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding) {
 		if *input.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding {
 			log.Infof("enabling SSH local port forwarding")
 		} else {
@@ -445,7 +556,7 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil && input.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding {
+	if input.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil && (config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding == nil || *input.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != *config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding) {
 		if *input.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding {
 			log.Infof("enabling SSH remote port forwarding")
 		} else {
@@ -455,7 +566,7 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.DisableSSHAuth != nil && input.DisableSSHAuth != config.DisableSSHAuth {
+	if input.DisableSSHAuth != nil && (config.DisableSSHAuth == nil || *input.DisableSSHAuth != *config.DisableSSHAuth) {
 		if *input.DisableSSHAuth {
 			log.Infof("disabling SSH authentication")
 		} else {
@@ -465,7 +576,7 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.SSHJWTCacheTTL != nil && input.SSHJWTCacheTTL != config.SSHJWTCacheTTL {
+	if input.SSHJWTCacheTTL != nil && (config.SSHJWTCacheTTL == nil || *input.SSHJWTCacheTTL != *config.SSHJWTCacheTTL) {
 		log.Infof("updating SSH JWT cache TTL to %d seconds", *input.SSHJWTCacheTTL)
 		config.SSHJWTCacheTTL = input.SSHJWTCacheTTL
 		updated = true
@@ -542,7 +653,19 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.DisableNotifications != nil && input.DisableNotifications != config.DisableNotifications {
+	if input.DisableIPv6 != nil && *input.DisableIPv6 != config.DisableIPv6 {
+		log.Infof("setting IPv6 overlay disabled=%v", *input.DisableIPv6)
+		config.DisableIPv6 = *input.DisableIPv6
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.SyncMessageVersion != nil && *input.SyncMessageVersion != *config.SyncMessageVersion {
+		log.Infof("setting SyncMessageVersion to %v", *input.SyncMessageVersion)
+		*config.SyncMessageVersion = *input.SyncMessageVersion
+		updated = true
+	}
+
+	if input.DisableNotifications != nil && (config.DisableNotifications == nil || *input.DisableNotifications != *config.DisableNotifications) {
 		if *input.DisableNotifications {
 			log.Infof("disabling notifications")
 		} else {
@@ -587,12 +710,6 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
-	if input.LazyConnectionEnabled != nil && *input.LazyConnectionEnabled != config.LazyConnectionEnabled {
-		log.Infof("switching lazy connection to %t", *input.LazyConnectionEnabled)
-		config.LazyConnectionEnabled = *input.LazyConnectionEnabled
-		updated = true
-	}
-
 	if input.MTU != nil && *input.MTU != config.MTU {
 		log.Infof("updating MTU to %d (old value %d)", *input.MTU, config.MTU)
 		config.MTU = *input.MTU
@@ -603,10 +720,172 @@ func (config *Config) apply(input ConfigInput) (updated bool, err error) {
 		updated = true
 	}
 
+	// Initialise the MDM overlay to "no enforcement" so Config.Policy()
+	// never returns a stale or nil policy on a freshly applied Config.
+	// Lifecycle owners that want to enforce a real MDM policy invoke
+	// Config.ApplyMDMPolicy(loader.Load()) after this returns.
+	config.applyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+
 	return updated, nil
 }
 
-// parseURL parses and validates a service URL
+// applyMDMPolicy overlays MDM-supplied values on top of the resolved Config.
+// The provided Policy is also stored on the Config so callers can later query
+// which fields are enforced. Invalid values (e.g. malformed URLs) are logged
+// and skipped to avoid bricking the client; the field keeps its previous
+// resolved value but is still marked as managed (Policy.HasKey returns true
+// for the key, so per-field rejection of user writes still applies).
+func (config *Config) applyMDMPolicy(policy *mdm.Policy) {
+	config.policy = policy
+
+	// DebugBundleUploadURL is a runtime-only override re-derived from MDM on
+	// every apply. Resolve it unconditionally (before the IsEmpty early return)
+	// so a policy that drops the key, becomes empty, or carries an invalid
+	// value can never leave a previously-enforced upload target active on a
+	// reused Config instance.
+	config.DebugBundleUploadURL = mdmDebugBundleUploadURL(policy)
+
+	if policy.IsEmpty() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Helper: log the application of a single MDM-managed key. Values for
+	// keys in mdm.SecretKeys are redacted.
+	logApplied := func(key string, displayValue any) {
+		if _, secret := mdm.SecretKeys[key]; secret {
+			log.Infof("MDM override %s = ********** (secret)", key)
+			return
+		}
+		log.Infof("MDM override %s = %v", key, displayValue)
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); ok {
+		if u, err := parseURL("Management URL", v); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("MDM management URL %q invalid: %v; keeping previous value", v, err)
+		} else {
+			config.ManagementURL = u
+			logApplied(mdm.KeyManagementURL, u.String())
+		}
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey); ok {
+		// Defensive: refuse the redaction mask in case it round-tripped
+		// through a manifest by mistake.
+		if !isPreSharedKeyHidden(&v) {
+			config.PreSharedKey = v
+			logApplied(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, "")
+		}
+	}
+
+	// applyBool collapses the per-key "read + set + log" boilerplate
+	// for every plain bool MDM key into a single helper. Keeps the
+	// outer function's cognitive complexity below SonarCube's
+	// threshold; functional behaviour is identical to the inlined
+	// branches it replaces.
+	applyBool := func(key string, setter func(bool)) {
+		v, ok := policy.GetBool(key)
+		if !ok {
+			return
+		}
+		setter(v)
+		logApplied(key, v)
+	}
+
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, func(v bool) { bv := v; config.ServerSSHAllowed = &bv })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, func(v bool) { bv := v; config.RemoteJobsAllowed = &bv })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, func(v bool) { config.DisableClientRoutes = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, func(v bool) { config.DisableServerRoutes = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, func(v bool) { config.BlockInbound = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, func(v bool) { config.DisableAutoConnect = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, func(v bool) { config.RosenpassEnabled = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, func(v bool) { config.RosenpassPermissive = v })
+	applyBool(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, func(v bool) { config.LocalMetricsEnabled = v })
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress); ok {
+		config.LocalMetricsAddress = v
+		logApplied(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress, v)
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetInt(mdm.KeyWireguardPort); ok {
+		// REG_DWORD is 32-bit; UDP port range is 1-65535. Clamp at the
+		// upper bound and reject obviously-invalid values to avoid the
+		// engine binding to an unusable port if the admin pushes garbage.
+		if v >= 1 && v <= 65535 {
+			config.WgPort = int(v)
+			logApplied(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, v)
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("MDM wireguard port %d out of range [1,65535]; keeping previous value", v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(mdm.KeyLazyConnection); ok {
+		state := "off"
+		if v {
+			state = "on"
+		}
+		config.LazyConnection = state
+		logApplied(mdm.KeyLazyConnection, state)
+	}
+
+}
+
+// ValidateBundleUploadURL sanity-checks a debug-bundle upload URL. An empty
+// value is accepted — the executor falls back to the default upload service. A
+// non-empty value must be a well-formed https URL with a host; a malformed
+// value or a plaintext scheme is rejected. It deliberately does not constrain
+// which host may receive the bundle. This is the single source of truth for the
+// rule, shared by the remote-job executor (client/internal) and the MDM policy
+// override below so the two validation paths cannot drift.
+func ValidateBundleUploadURL(raw string) error {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse upload URL: %w", err)
+	}
+	// Hostname(), not Host: an authority like ":443" is non-empty but has no
+	// host, and would fail the actual upload.
+	if parsed.Scheme != "https" || parsed.Hostname() == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload URL must be an https URL with a host")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mdmDebugBundleUploadURL resolves the MDM-enforced debug-bundle upload URL
+// override from the policy, returning the empty string when the policy does
+// not carry a valid KeyBundleUploadURL. An absent or invalid value fails
+// closed to "" so it falls back to the management-supplied or default upload
+// target rather than a previously-enforced one. The URL is never logged: it
+// can embed credentials or signed query tokens (KeyBundleUploadURL is in
+// mdm.SecretKeys).
+func mdmDebugBundleUploadURL(policy *mdm.Policy) string {
+	v, ok := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyBundleUploadURL)
+	if !ok || v == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	// Must be a well-formed https URL with a host, matching the client's
+	// remote-job upload-URL validation (shared validator, single source of truth).
+	if err := ValidateBundleUploadURL(v); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("MDM debug bundle upload URL is invalid (must be an https URL with a host); ignoring the override")
+		return ""
+	}
+	log.Infof("MDM override %s = ********** (secret)", mdm.KeyBundleUploadURL)
+	return v
+}
+
+// parseURL parses and validates the URL for the named service. The URL
+// must use the http or https scheme; if no port is present, ":443" is
+// appended for https or ":80" for http. The serviceName parameter is
+// used to contextualise error messages. On success returns the parsed
+// *url.URL; on failure returns a non-nil error.
+// ParseServiceURL normalises a service URL exactly as the config layer does when
+// it stores one, so callers comparing a requested URL against a stored one do not
+// have to reimplement the scheme validation and default-port handling.
+func ParseServiceURL(serviceName, serviceURL string) (*url.URL, error) {
+	return parseURL(serviceName, serviceURL)
+}
+
 func parseURL(serviceName, serviceURL string) (*url.URL, error) {
 	parsedMgmtURL, err := url.ParseRequestURI(serviceURL)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -751,8 +1030,7 @@ func UpdateOldManagementURL(ctx context.Context, config *Config, configPath stri
 		return config, nil
 	}
 
-	newURL, err := parseURL("Management URL", fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s:%d",
-		config.ManagementURL.Scheme, defaultManagementURL.Hostname(), 443))
+	newURL, err := parseURL("Management URL", fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s", config.ManagementURL.Scheme, net.JoinHostPort(defaultManagementURL.Hostname(), "443")))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/config_mdm.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/config_mdm.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25b9f18f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/config_mdm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+// ErrMDMManagedFields marks a config change rejected because it diverges from
+// MDM-enforced values.
+var ErrMDMManagedFields = errors.New("fields managed by MDM cannot be modified")
+
+// MDMConflicts returns the names of MDM-managed keys whose requested value in
+// the ConfigInput differs from the policy-enforced value; a field set to the
+// enforced value is a no-op echo, not a conflict.
+func MDMConflicts(input ConfigInput, policy *mdm.Policy) []string {
+	pskGot := input.PreSharedKey
+	if isPreSharedKeyHidden(pskGot) {
+		pskGot = nil
+	}
+	var port *int64
+	if input.WireguardPort != nil {
+		v := int64(*input.WireguardPort)
+		port = &v
+	}
+	return mdm.ResolveConflicts(policy, []mdm.ConflictCheck{
+		mdm.ConflictURL(mdm.KeyManagementURL, input.ManagementURL),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, input.RosenpassEnabled),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, input.RosenpassPermissive),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, input.DisableAutoConnect),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, input.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, input.RemoteJobsAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, input.DisableClientRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, input.DisableServerRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, input.BlockInbound),
+		mdm.ConflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, port),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, input.LocalMetricsEnabled),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress, input.LocalMetricsAddress),
+	})
+}
+
+// CheckMDMConflicts returns an ErrMDMManagedFields-wrapped error naming the
+// conflicting keys, or nil when the input does not fight the policy.
+func CheckMDMConflicts(input ConfigInput, policy *mdm.Policy) error {
+	conflicts := MDMConflicts(input, policy)
+	if len(conflicts) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrMDMManagedFields, conflicts)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/config_mdm_test.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/config_mdm_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..716b7a553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/config_mdm_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+// fakeFetcher implements mdm.PolicyFetcher returning a pre-set policy
+// map. Test helper used to construct a Loader without touching the OS
+// or any package-level state.
+type fakeFetcher struct{ values map[string]any }
+
+func (f *fakeFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any { return f.values }
+
+// loaderFor builds an mdm.Loader whose loadPlatform returns the
+// supplied Policy's underlying values.
+func loaderFor(policy *mdm.Policy) *mdm.Loader {
+	if policy == nil || policy.IsEmpty() {
+		return mdm.NewLoader(&fakeFetcher{values: nil})
+	}
+	values := make(map[string]any)
+	for _, k := range policy.ManagedKeys() {
+		if v, ok := policy.GetString(k); ok {
+			values[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		if v, ok := policy.GetInt(k); ok {
+			values[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		if v, ok := policy.GetBool(k); ok {
+			values[k] = v
+			continue
+		}
+		if v, ok := policy.GetStringSlice(k); ok {
+			values[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return mdm.NewLoader(&fakeFetcher{values: values})
+}
+
+// configWithMDM is the test convenience that builds a Config via
+// UpdateOrCreateConfig and overlays the supplied MDM policy on top —
+// mirrors the production pattern (Server.getConfig / Client.applyMDMOverlay)
+// where the Loader lives outside Config and the apply step is driven
+// by the lifecycle owner.
+func configWithMDM(t *testing.T, input ConfigInput, policy *mdm.Policy) *Config {
+	t.Helper()
+	cfg, err := UpdateOrCreateConfig(input)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg)
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(loaderFor(policy).Load())
+	return cfg
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMEmpty_NoEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().IsEmpty(), "no MDM source ⇒ empty Policy")
+	assert.False(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.Empty(t, cfg.Policy().ManagedKeys())
+
+	// Default management URL still resolves.
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultManagementURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMOnly_OverridesDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	const mdmURL = "https://corp.mdm.example.com:443"
+
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL:       mdmURL,
+		mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes: true,
+		mdm.KeyBlockInbound:        true,
+	}))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, mdmURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
+	assert.True(t, cfg.DisableClientRoutes)
+	assert.True(t, cfg.BlockInbound)
+
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes))
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyBlockInbound))
+	assert.False(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH))
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMBeatsCLIInput(t *testing.T) {
+	const mdmURL = "https://mdm.example.com:443"
+	const cliURL = "https://cli.example.com:443"
+
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+		ManagementURL: cliURL,
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: mdmURL,
+	}))
+
+	// MDM wins over CLI-supplied management URL.
+	assert.Equal(t, mdmURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyManagementURL))
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMInvalidURL_KeepsPreviousValue(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "not-a-url",
+	}))
+
+	// Invalid MDM URL is logged and skipped: default URL stays in place
+	// to keep the client functional.
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultManagementURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String())
+
+	// But the key is still considered MDM-managed (admin intent is to
+	// enforce, daemon rejects user writes to this field — phase-1 scaffolding
+	// reflects this by keeping Policy.HasKey true even on parse failure).
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyManagementURL))
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMBoolKeysOverrideOnDiskValue(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+
+	// Seed without MDM.
+	configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:          tmp,
+		DisableClientRoutes: boolPtr(false),
+		RosenpassEnabled:    boolPtr(false),
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+
+	// Now enable MDM enforcement for these keys.
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: tmp,
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes: true,
+		mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled:    true,
+	}))
+
+	assert.True(t, cfg.DisableClientRoutes, "MDM override should flip on-disk false to true")
+	assert.True(t, cfg.RosenpassEnabled)
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes))
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled))
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMLocalMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+
+	// Seed without MDM.
+	configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:          tmp,
+		LocalMetricsEnabled: boolPtr(false),
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+
+	// Now enable MDM enforcement for these keys.
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: tmp,
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics:  true,
+		mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress: "127.0.0.1:9292",
+	}))
+
+	assert.True(t, cfg.LocalMetricsEnabled, "MDM override should flip on-disk false to true")
+	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1:9292", cfg.LocalMetricsAddress)
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics))
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress))
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMLazyConnection(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		raw  any
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"native true", true, "on"},
+		{"native false", false, "off"},
+		{"string on", "on", "on"},
+		{"string off", "off", "off"},
+		{"string yes", "yes", "on"},
+		{"string no", "no", "off"},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+				ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+			}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+				mdm.KeyLazyConnection: c.raw,
+			}))
+
+			assert.Equal(t, c.want, cfg.LazyConnection)
+			assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyLazyConnection))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApply_MDMPreSharedKeyRedactionSentinelRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	const maskSentinel = mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel
+
+	cfg := configWithMDM(t, ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json"),
+	}, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: maskSentinel,
+	}))
+
+	// Mask sentinel must not be persisted as the actual PSK.
+	assert.NotEqual(t, maskSentinel, cfg.PreSharedKey)
+	// Key still marked managed so user writes are still rejected.
+	assert.True(t, cfg.Policy().HasKey(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey))
+}
+
+func TestMDMConflicts_PreSharedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: "mdm-enforced-psk",
+	})
+	empty := ""
+	sentinel := mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel
+	same := "mdm-enforced-psk"
+	other := "user-psk"
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		psk  *string
+		want []string
+	}{
+		{name: "unset", psk: nil, want: nil},
+		{name: "explicit empty", psk: &empty, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}},
+		{name: "sentinel echo", psk: &sentinel, want: nil},
+		{name: "same value", psk: &same, want: nil},
+		{name: "divergent", psk: &other, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, MDMConflicts(ConfigInput{PreSharedKey: tc.psk}, policy))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMDMConflicts_RemoteJobsAndLocalMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed:   false,
+		mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics:  true,
+		mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress: "127.0.0.1:9999",
+	})
+	sameAddr := "127.0.0.1:9999"
+	otherAddr := "0.0.0.0:9999"
+	emptyAddr := ""
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input ConfigInput
+		want  []string
+	}{
+		{name: "unset", input: ConfigInput{}, want: nil},
+		{name: "echo", input: ConfigInput{
+			RemoteJobsAllowed:   boolPtr(false),
+			LocalMetricsEnabled: boolPtr(true),
+			LocalMetricsAddress: &sameAddr,
+		}, want: nil},
+		{name: "remote jobs divergent", input: ConfigInput{RemoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(true)}, want: []string{mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed}},
+		{name: "metrics disabled", input: ConfigInput{LocalMetricsEnabled: boolPtr(false)}, want: []string{mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics}},
+		{name: "metrics address divergent", input: ConfigInput{LocalMetricsAddress: &otherAddr}, want: []string{mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress}},
+		{name: "metrics address explicit empty", input: ConfigInput{LocalMetricsAddress: &emptyAddr}, want: []string{mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress}},
+		{name: "all divergent", input: ConfigInput{
+			RemoteJobsAllowed:   boolPtr(true),
+			LocalMetricsEnabled: boolPtr(false),
+			LocalMetricsAddress: &otherAddr,
+		}, want: []string{mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress}},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, MDMConflicts(tc.input, policy))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func boolPtr(b bool) *bool { return &b }
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/config_test.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/config_test.go
index 5216f2423..248920b5e 100644
--- a/client/internal/profilemanager/config_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/config_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
@@ -242,6 +243,112 @@ func TestWireguardPortDefaultVsExplicit(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestUpdateConfigServerSSHAllowedNotSet(t *testing.T) {
+	// Configs written before ServerSSHAllowed was introduced lack the field and
+	// unmarshal to nil. Supplying the SSH server flag on top of such a config must
+	// apply the value instead of panicking on a nil pointer dereference.
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input *bool
+		want  bool
+	}{
+		{"enable", util.True(), true},
+		{"disable", util.False(), false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte("{}"), 0600))
+
+			config, err := UpdateConfig(ConfigInput{
+				ConfigPath:       configPath,
+				ServerSSHAllowed: tt.input,
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, config.ServerSSHAllowed, "ServerSSHAllowed should be set from input")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, *config.ServerSSHAllowed)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateConfigRemoteJobsAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	// Unlike SSH (which defaults on for legacy configs), remote jobs are an
+	// explicit opt-in: a pre-existing config with no value materializes to off.
+	t.Run("legacy config defaults off", func(t *testing.T) {
+		configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte("{}"), 0600))
+
+		config, err := UpdateConfig(ConfigInput{ConfigPath: configPath})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, config.RemoteJobsAllowed, "RemoteJobsAllowed should be materialized")
+		assert.False(t, *config.RemoteJobsAllowed, "remote jobs must default off")
+	})
+
+	for _, tt := range []struct {
+		name  string
+		input *bool
+		want  bool
+	}{
+		{"enable", util.True(), true},
+		{"disable", util.False(), false},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+			require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte("{}"), 0600))
+
+			config, err := UpdateConfig(ConfigInput{ConfigPath: configPath, RemoteJobsAllowed: tt.input})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, config.RemoteJobsAllowed)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, *config.RemoteJobsAllowed)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyMDMPolicyRemoteJobs(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("enables remote jobs and sets the upload URL override", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := &Config{}
+		cfg.applyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed: true,
+			mdm.KeyBundleUploadURL:   "https://upload.example.com",
+		}))
+		require.NotNil(t, cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed)
+		assert.True(t, *cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed, "MDM allowRemoteJobs must enable the flag")
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://upload.example.com", cfg.DebugBundleUploadURL, "MDM upload URL override must be applied")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a non-https upload URL is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := &Config{}
+		cfg.applyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			mdm.KeyBundleUploadURL: "http://insecure.example.com",
+		}))
+		assert.Empty(t, cfg.DebugBundleUploadURL, "a non-https upload URL must be skipped")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("dropping the key clears a previously-applied override", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := &Config{DebugBundleUploadURL: "https://old.example.com"}
+		// A replacement policy that no longer carries the key must not leave
+		// the old upload target directing bundles.
+		cfg.applyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed: true}))
+		assert.Empty(t, cfg.DebugBundleUploadURL, "the stale upload URL override must be cleared")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an empty replacement policy clears a previously-applied override", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := &Config{DebugBundleUploadURL: "https://old.example.com"}
+		// A policy that becomes empty entirely hits the IsEmpty early return;
+		// the override must still be cleared rather than surviving on the
+		// reused Config instance.
+		cfg.applyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{}))
+		assert.Empty(t, cfg.DebugBundleUploadURL, "the stale upload URL override must be cleared when the policy empties")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an invalid upload URL clears a previously-applied override (fail closed)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := &Config{DebugBundleUploadURL: "https://old.example.com"}
+		cfg.applyMDMPolicy(mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{mdm.KeyBundleUploadURL: "not-a-url"}))
+		assert.Empty(t, cfg.DebugBundleUploadURL, "an invalid override must fail closed, not keep the stale target")
+	})
+}
+
 func TestUpdateOldManagementURL(t *testing.T) {
 	origProber := newMgmProber
 	newMgmProber = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ wgtypes.Key, _ bool) (mgmProber, error) {
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/id.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/id.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b82c8779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/id.go
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
+
+const (
+	// profileIDByteLen is the number of random bytes generated for a new
+	// profile ID. The resulting hex string is twice this length.
+	profileIDByteLen = 16
+
+	// shortIDLen is the number of leading characters of an ID we render in
+	// list output. Profiles per device are few, so 8 chars is collision-safe
+	// in practice and easy to type as a prefix.
+	shortIDLen = 8
+
+	// maxProfileNameLen caps the human-readable profile name to keep table
+	// output legible and prevent denial-of-service via huge JSON fields.
+	maxProfileNameLen = 128
+
+	// maxProfileIDLen bounds the on-disk filename we'll accept. New
+	// IDs are 32 hex chars, legacy stems are sanitized profile names. The
+	// cap is generous enough to cover both without permitting absurdly
+	// long filenames.
+	maxProfileIDLen = 64
+)
+
+type ID string
+
+// generateProfileID returns a new random hex ID for a profile file.
+func generateProfileID() (ID, error) {
+	buf := make([]byte, profileIDByteLen)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(buf); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read random bytes: %w", err)
+	}
+	return ID(hex.EncodeToString(buf)), nil
+}
+
+// IsValidProfileFilenameStem reports whether id is safe to use as the stem
+// of a profile JSON filename.
+func IsValidProfileFilenameStem(id ID) bool {
+	s := id.String()
+	if s == "" || len(s) > maxProfileIDLen {
+		return false
+	}
+	if s == defaultProfileName {
+		return true
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsAny(s, `/\`) || strings.Contains(s, "..") {
+		return false
+	}
+	// filepath.Base catches any leftover separators on platforms with
+	// exotic path conventions.
+	if filepath.Base(s) != s {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, r := range s {
+		if !(unicode.IsLetter(r) || unicode.IsDigit(r) || r == '_' || r == '-') {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// sanitizeDisplayName normalizes a user-supplied profile display name for
+// storage. It strips ASCII control characters, rejects invalid UTF-8, and
+// caps the length. Emojis, spaces, punctuation, and non-ASCII letters are
+// preserved. Returns an error if nothing usable remains.
+func sanitizeDisplayName(name string) (string, error) {
+	if !utf8.ValidString(name) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("name is not valid UTF-8")
+	}
+	name = StripCtrlChars(name)
+	name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+	if name == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("name is empty after sanitization")
+	}
+	if utf8.RuneCountInString(name) > maxProfileNameLen {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("name exceeds %d characters", maxProfileNameLen)
+	}
+	return name, nil
+}
+
+// StripCtrlChars control characters from a name before printing it.
+func StripCtrlChars(name string) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(len(name))
+	for _, r := range name {
+		// Skip C0 controls and DEL, plus C1 controls (0x80–0x9F).
+		if r < 0x20 || r == 0x7F || (r >= 0x80 && r <= 0x9F) {
+			continue
+		}
+		b.WriteRune(r)
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// ShortID truncates an ID for display.
+func (id ID) ShortID() string {
+	if id == DefaultProfileName {
+		return DefaultProfileName
+	}
+	runes := []rune(id)
+	if len(runes) <= shortIDLen {
+		return id.String()
+	}
+	return string(runes[:shortIDLen])
+}
+
+func (id ID) String() string {
+	return string(id)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/invoking_user.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/invoking_user.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ba612ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/invoking_user.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const envSudoUser = "SUDO_USER"
+
+var (
+	currentUser = user.Current
+	getegid     = os.Getegid
+	geteuid     = os.Geteuid
+	lookupUser  = user.Lookup
+)
+
+// InvokingUser returns the user a CLI invocation acts for. Under sudo that is
+// the user who ran sudo, not root: privileged flags force commands through
+// sudo, and resolving profiles as root would silently switch the daemon to
+// root's (default) profile instead of the invoking user's. An unmapped positive
+// process UID uses its numeric kernel identity; root, sudo lookup failures, and
+// unavailable platform identities still fail closed. Privilege decisions stay
+// on the kernel credentials of the daemon connection, which SUDO_USER (a plain
+// environment variable) can never influence; a forged value only selects a
+// profile root could select anyway.
+func InvokingUser() (*user.User, error) {
+	if u, ok := sudoInvokingUser(); ok {
+		return u, nil
+	}
+	// Fail closed instead of falling through to root: every caller feeds this
+	// username into profile-path resolution, so a lookup failure would resolve
+	// (and create) a root-owned profile namespace and switch the daemon onto it
+	// behind the invoking user's back.
+	if sudoActive() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve sudo invoking user %q: refusing to fall back to root", os.Getenv(envSudoUser))
+	}
+	u, err := currentUser()
+	if err == nil {
+		return u, nil
+	}
+
+	uid := geteuid()
+	if uid <= 0 {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("current user lookup for UID %d: %v; using numeric UID", uid, err)
+	uidString := strconv.Itoa(uid)
+	return &user.User{
+		Username: uidString,
+		Uid:      uidString,
+		Gid:      strconv.Itoa(getegid()),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// IsPlainRoot reports that the process runs as root with no usable sudo
+// context: there is no invoking user to act for, so per-user resolution falls
+// back to root's own (empty) state. Callers use it to refuse ambiguous
+// operations instead of silently acting on the wrong profile.
+func IsPlainRoot() bool {
+	if geteuid() != 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok := sudoInvokingUser()
+	return !ok
+}
+
+// MirrorIsAuthoritative reports whether the invoking user's local
+// active-profile mirror can be trusted as the profile selector. It cannot under
+// sudo (writes to it are skipped, so it goes stale) or as plain root (there is
+// no invoking user, so it falls back to root's own default). Callers use it to
+// decide whether to read the profile from the mirror or from the daemon.
+func MirrorIsAuthoritative() bool {
+	return !sudoActive() && !IsPlainRoot()
+}
+
+// sudoInvokingUser resolves SUDO_USER when the process runs as root under
+// sudo. Returns false whenever the sudo context is absent or unusable, in
+// which case callers fall back to the process user.
+func sudoInvokingUser() (*user.User, bool) {
+	if !sudoActive() {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	name := os.Getenv(envSudoUser)
+	u, err := lookupUser(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("sudo invoking user %q lookup: %v", name, err)
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return u, true
+}
+
+// sudoActive reports a sudo context from the environment alone: write-skip
+// decisions key off it so a transient user lookup failure can never flip a
+// run from read-only to writing root-owned files into the user's directory.
+func sudoActive() bool {
+	if geteuid() != 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	name := os.Getenv(envSudoUser)
+	return name != "" && name != "root"
+}
+
+// userBaseConfigDir mirrors os.UserConfigDir for a user other than the process
+// owner. Environment overrides (XDG_CONFIG_HOME) cannot be honoured here: under
+// sudo the environment is root's, not the invoking user's.
+func userBaseConfigDir(u *user.User) (string, error) {
+	if u.HomeDir == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("user %s has no home directory", u.Username)
+	}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		return filepath.Join(u.HomeDir, "Library", "Application Support"), nil
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(u.HomeDir, ".config"), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/invoking_user_test.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/invoking_user_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..159d2616b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/invoking_user_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestInvokingUserFallsBackToProcessUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envSudoUser, "")
+
+	got, err := InvokingUser()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	current, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, current.Username, got.Username, "invoking user should match the process user without sudo")
+}
+
+func TestInvokingUserFailsClosedWithoutPositiveUID(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, uid := range []int{0, -1} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("UID%d", uid), func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(envSudoUser, "")
+			lookupErr := errors.New("current user unavailable")
+			fakeUnmappedUser(t, uid, 0, lookupErr)
+
+			got, err := InvokingUser()
+			require.ErrorIs(t, err, lookupErr)
+			assert.Nil(t, got, "root or unavailable UID must not become a synthetic identity")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProfileFilePathUsesNumericIdentityForUnmappedNonRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envSudoUser, "")
+	fakeUnmappedUser(t, 1001230000, 0, errors.New("user: unknown userid 1001230000"))
+
+	profilesRoot := t.TempDir()
+	origDir := DefaultConfigPathDir
+	origOverride := ConfigDirOverride
+	DefaultConfigPathDir = profilesRoot
+	ConfigDirOverride = ""
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		DefaultConfigPathDir = origDir
+		ConfigDirOverride = origOverride
+	})
+
+	profileID := ID("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef")
+	got, err := (&Profile{ID: profileID}).FilePath()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		filepath.Join(profilesRoot, "1001230000", profileID.String()+".json"),
+		got,
+		"profile path should use the numeric UID namespace",
+	)
+
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(profilesRoot)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, entries, 1, "only the numeric UID directory should be created")
+	assert.Equal(t, "1001230000", entries[0].Name(), "profile namespace should be numeric")
+	assert.True(t, entries[0].IsDir(), "profile namespace should be a directory")
+}
+
+func TestSudoInvokingUserInactiveWithoutSudoContext(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envSudoUser, "")
+	_, ok := sudoInvokingUser()
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestSudoInvokingUserIgnoresRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envSudoUser, "root")
+	origEuid := geteuid
+	geteuid = func() int { return 0 }
+	t.Cleanup(func() { geteuid = origEuid })
+
+	_, ok := sudoInvokingUser()
+	assert.False(t, ok, "sudo from a root shell must not redirect anything")
+	assert.False(t, sudoActive())
+	assert.True(t, IsPlainRoot())
+}
+
+func TestSudoInvokingUserResolvesInvokingUser(t *testing.T) {
+	fakeSudo(t, filepath.Join("/home", "misha"))
+
+	u, ok := sudoInvokingUser()
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "misha", u.Username)
+
+	got, err := InvokingUser()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "misha", got.Username)
+
+	assert.False(t, IsPlainRoot())
+}
+
+func TestInvokingUserFailsClosedWhenSudoLookupFails(t *testing.T) {
+	fakeSudo(t, filepath.Join("/home", "misha"))
+	lookupUser = func(string) (*user.User, error) { return nil, errors.New("nss unavailable") }
+
+	origCurrentUser := currentUser
+	currentUser = func() (*user.User, error) {
+		t.Fatal("currentUser must not be called after a sudo lookup failure")
+		return nil, errors.New("currentUser called unexpectedly")
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { currentUser = origCurrentUser })
+
+	got, err := InvokingUser()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, got, "must not resolve to the root process user")
+}
+
+func TestProfileFilePathFailsClosedWhenSudoLookupFails(t *testing.T) {
+	profilesRoot := t.TempDir()
+	fakeSudo(t, filepath.Join("/home", "misha"))
+	lookupUser = func(string) (*user.User, error) { return nil, errors.New("nss unavailable") }
+
+	origDir := DefaultConfigPathDir
+	DefaultConfigPathDir = profilesRoot
+	t.Cleanup(func() { DefaultConfigPathDir = origDir })
+
+	p := &Profile{ID: "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"}
+	_, err := p.FilePath()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assertNoEntries(t, profilesRoot)
+}
+
+func TestSudoActiveSurvivesLookupFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	fakeSudo(t, filepath.Join("/home", "misha"))
+	lookupUser = func(string) (*user.User, error) { return nil, errors.New("nss unavailable") }
+
+	_, ok := sudoInvokingUser()
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+	assert.True(t, sudoActive())
+	assert.True(t, IsPlainRoot())
+}
+
+func TestGetConfigDirUnderSudoIsReadOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	fakeSudo(t, home)
+
+	base, err := baseConfigDir()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		assert.Equal(t, filepath.Join(home, "Library", "Application Support"), base)
+	} else {
+		assert.Equal(t, filepath.Join(home, ".config"), base)
+	}
+
+	dir, err := getConfigDir()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, filepath.Join(base, "netbird"), dir)
+	assert.NoDirExists(t, dir)
+}
+
+func TestBaseConfigDirFailsClosedWhenSudoLookupFails(t *testing.T) {
+	fakeSudo(t, filepath.Join("/home", "misha"))
+	lookupUser = func(string) (*user.User, error) { return nil, errors.New("nss unavailable") }
+
+	_, err := baseConfigDir()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	_, err = getConfigDir()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestSwitchProfileSkipsStateWriteUnderSudo(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	fakeSudo(t, home)
+
+	pm := NewProfileManager()
+	require.NoError(t, pm.SwitchProfile(defaultProfileName))
+	assertNoEntries(t, home)
+}
+
+func TestSetProfileStateSkipsWriteUnderSudo(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	fakeSudo(t, home)
+
+	pm := NewProfileManager()
+	require.NoError(t, pm.SetProfileState(defaultProfileName, &ProfileState{Email: "misha@example.com"}))
+	assertNoEntries(t, home)
+}
+
+func TestRemoveProfileStateSkipsRemoveUnderSudo(t *testing.T) {
+	home := t.TempDir()
+	stateDir := filepath.Join(home, ".config", "netbird")
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		stateDir = filepath.Join(home, "Library", "Application Support", "netbird")
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(stateDir, 0o700))
+	stateFile := filepath.Join(stateDir, "default.state.json")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(stateFile, []byte(`{"email":"misha@example.com"}`), 0o600))
+
+	fakeSudo(t, home)
+	pm := NewProfileManager()
+	require.NoError(t, pm.RemoveProfileState("default"))
+	assert.FileExists(t, stateFile)
+}
+
+func TestUserBaseConfigDir(t *testing.T) {
+	u := &user.User{Username: "misha", HomeDir: filepath.Join("/home", "misha")}
+	dir, err := userBaseConfigDir(u)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		assert.Equal(t, filepath.Join(u.HomeDir, "Library", "Application Support"), dir)
+	} else {
+		assert.Equal(t, filepath.Join(u.HomeDir, ".config"), dir)
+	}
+
+	_, err = userBaseConfigDir(&user.User{Username: "nohome"})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestIsPlainRoot(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envSudoUser, "")
+	origEuid := geteuid
+	t.Cleanup(func() { geteuid = origEuid })
+
+	geteuid = func() int { return 1000 }
+	assert.False(t, IsPlainRoot())
+
+	geteuid = func() int { return 0 }
+	assert.True(t, IsPlainRoot())
+}
+
+func TestMirrorIsAuthoritative(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(envSudoUser, "")
+	origEuid := geteuid
+	t.Cleanup(func() { geteuid = origEuid })
+
+	geteuid = func() int { return 1000 }
+	assert.True(t, MirrorIsAuthoritative(), "a normal user's own mirror is authoritative")
+
+	geteuid = func() int { return 0 }
+	assert.False(t, MirrorIsAuthoritative(), "plain root has no authoritative mirror")
+}
+
+func TestMirrorIsAuthoritativeFalseUnderSudo(t *testing.T) {
+	fakeSudo(t, filepath.Join("/home", "misha"))
+	assert.False(t, MirrorIsAuthoritative(), "the sudo mirror is frozen, so it is not authoritative")
+}
+
+func fakeSudo(t *testing.T, home string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Setenv(envSudoUser, "misha")
+
+	origEuid := geteuid
+	origLookup := lookupUser
+	origOverride := ConfigDirOverride
+	geteuid = func() int { return 0 }
+	lookupUser = func(name string) (*user.User, error) {
+		return &user.User{Username: name, Uid: "1234", Gid: "1234", HomeDir: home}, nil
+	}
+	ConfigDirOverride = ""
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		geteuid = origEuid
+		lookupUser = origLookup
+		ConfigDirOverride = origOverride
+	})
+}
+
+func fakeUnmappedUser(t *testing.T, uid, gid int, lookupErr error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	origCurrentUser := currentUser
+	origEuid := geteuid
+	origEgid := getegid
+	currentUser = func() (*user.User, error) { return nil, lookupErr }
+	geteuid = func() int { return uid }
+	getegid = func() int { return gid }
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		currentUser = origCurrentUser
+		geteuid = origEuid
+		getegid = origEgid
+	})
+}
+
+func assertNoEntries(t *testing.T, root string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	err := filepath.WalkDir(root, func(path string, _ fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if path != root {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected entry created under %s: %s", root, path)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/prefs.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/prefs.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5613b0be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/prefs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+const prefsFileSuffix = ".prefs.json"
+
+var prefsMu sync.Mutex
+
+// Prefs is a namespaced per-profile preference store backed by a single JSON
+// file next to the profile config; it is deleted together with the profile.
+type Prefs struct {
+	path string
+}
+
+// ProfilePrefs returns the preference store of the profile identified by id.
+func (s *ServiceManager) ProfilePrefs(id ID, username string) (*Prefs, error) {
+	if !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(id) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid profile ID: %q", id)
+	}
+	if id == defaultProfileName {
+		return &Prefs{path: filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(DefaultConfigPath), id.String()+prefsFileSuffix)}, nil
+	}
+	configDir, err := s.getConfigDir(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get config directory for user %s: %w", username, err)
+	}
+	return &Prefs{path: filepath.Join(configDir, id.String()+prefsFileSuffix)}, nil
+}
+
+// Get unmarshals the namespace section into v and reports whether it exists.
+func (p *Prefs) Get(namespace string, v any) (bool, error) {
+	if namespace == "" {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("empty prefs namespace")
+	}
+
+	prefsMu.Lock()
+	defer prefsMu.Unlock()
+
+	sections, err := readPrefsFile(p.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	raw, ok := sections[namespace]
+	if !ok {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, v); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("decode prefs namespace %q: %w", namespace, err)
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// Put stores v as the namespace section, replacing any previous value.
+func (p *Prefs) Put(namespace string, v any) error {
+	if namespace == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty prefs namespace")
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encode prefs namespace %q: %w", namespace, err)
+	}
+
+	prefsMu.Lock()
+	defer prefsMu.Unlock()
+
+	sections, err := readPrefsFile(p.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	sections[namespace] = raw
+	return writePrefsFile(p.path, sections)
+}
+
+// Remove deletes the namespace section; a missing one is not an error.
+func (p *Prefs) Remove(namespace string) error {
+	if namespace == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty prefs namespace")
+	}
+
+	prefsMu.Lock()
+	defer prefsMu.Unlock()
+
+	sections, err := readPrefsFile(p.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, ok := sections[namespace]; !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	delete(sections, namespace)
+	return writePrefsFile(p.path, sections)
+}
+
+func removePrefsFile(path string) error {
+	prefsMu.Lock()
+	defer prefsMu.Unlock()
+	return os.Remove(path)
+}
+
+func readPrefsFile(path string) (map[string]json.RawMessage, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return map[string]json.RawMessage{}, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read prefs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	sections := map[string]json.RawMessage{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &sections); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode prefs: %w", err)
+	}
+	return sections, nil
+}
+
+func writePrefsFile(path string, sections map[string]json.RawMessage) error {
+	if err := util.WriteJsonWithRestrictedPermission(context.Background(), path, sections); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write prefs: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/prefs_test.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/prefs_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..692ade70f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/prefs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type testPrefsSection struct {
+	Mode uint8  `json:"mode"`
+	Dest string `json:"dest"`
+}
+
+func TestProfilePrefs_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		created, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		prefs, err := sm.ProfilePrefs(created.ID, username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, prefs.Put("filedrop", testPrefsSection{Mode: 2, Dest: "/tmp/x"}))
+		require.NoError(t, prefs.Put("other", map[string]int{"n": 1}))
+
+		var got testPrefsSection
+		found, err := prefs.Get("filedrop", &got)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, found)
+		assert.Equal(t, testPrefsSection{Mode: 2, Dest: "/tmp/x"}, got)
+
+		var other map[string]int
+		found, err = prefs.Get("other", &other)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, found)
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"n": 1}, other)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestProfilePrefs_GetMissingNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		created, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		prefs, err := sm.ProfilePrefs(created.ID, username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var got testPrefsSection
+		found, err := prefs.Get("filedrop", &got)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, found)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestProfilePrefs_RemoveNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		created, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		prefs, err := sm.ProfilePrefs(created.ID, username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, prefs.Put("filedrop", testPrefsSection{Mode: 1}))
+		require.NoError(t, prefs.Put("other", map[string]int{"n": 1}))
+		require.NoError(t, prefs.Remove("filedrop"))
+		require.NoError(t, prefs.Remove("missing"))
+
+		var got testPrefsSection
+		found, err := prefs.Get("filedrop", &got)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, found)
+
+		var other map[string]int
+		found, err = prefs.Get("other", &other)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, found)
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"n": 1}, other)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestProfilePrefs_RejectsInvalidID(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		_, err := sm.ProfilePrefs("../escape", username)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestProfilePrefs_RejectsEmptyNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		created, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		prefs, err := sm.ProfilePrefs(created.ID, username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		_, err = prefs.Get("", &testPrefsSection{})
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Error(t, prefs.Put("", testPrefsSection{}))
+		assert.Error(t, prefs.Remove(""))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestProfilePrefs_DefaultProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		prefs, err := sm.ProfilePrefs(defaultProfileName, username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, prefs.Put("filedrop", testPrefsSection{Mode: 1}))
+
+		expected := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(DefaultConfigPath), "default"+prefsFileSuffix)
+		_, err = os.Stat(expected)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestRemoveProfile_DeletesPrefsFile(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		created, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		prefs, err := sm.ProfilePrefs(created.ID, username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NoError(t, prefs.Put("filedrop", testPrefsSection{Mode: 2}))
+
+		configDir, err := sm.getConfigDir(username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		prefsPath := filepath.Join(configDir, created.ID.String()+prefsFileSuffix)
+		_, err = os.Stat(prefsPath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		require.NoError(t, sm.RemoveProfile(created.ID, username))
+		_, err = os.Stat(prefsPath)
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist), "prefs file should be removed")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/profilemanager.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/profilemanager.go
index c87f521cb..d2ed92bc5 100644
--- a/client/internal/profilemanager/profilemanager.go
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/profilemanager.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package profilemanager
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"os/user"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -19,20 +18,42 @@ const (
 )
 
 type Profile struct {
-	Name     string
+	// ID is the on-disk filename stem (without .json). For new profiles
+	// it is a 32-char hex string; legacy profiles created before the
+	// ID-keyed layout keep their original name as their ID. The reserved
+	// value "default" identifies the special default profile.
+	ID ID
+	// Name is the human-readable display name. Falls back to ID when the
+	// underlying JSON has no "name" field set.
+	Name string
+	// Path is the absolute path to the profile JSON. Populated by the
+	// loader so callers do not have to reconstruct it from ID + dir.
+	Path     string
 	IsActive bool
 }
 
 func (p *Profile) FilePath() (string, error) {
-	if p.Name == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("active profile name is empty")
+	if p.Path != "" {
+		return p.Path, nil
 	}
 
-	if p.Name == defaultProfileName {
+	id := p.ID
+	if id == "" {
+		id = ID(p.Name)
+	}
+	if id == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("profile ID is empty")
+	}
+
+	if id == defaultProfileName {
 		return DefaultConfigPath, nil
 	}
 
-	username, err := user.Current()
+	if !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(id) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid profile ID: %q", id)
+	}
+
+	username, err := InvokingUser()
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get current user: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -42,10 +63,13 @@ func (p *Profile) FilePath() (string, error) {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get config directory for user %s: %w", username.Username, err)
 	}
 
-	return filepath.Join(configDir, p.Name+".json"), nil
+	return filepath.Join(configDir, id.String()+".json"), nil
 }
 
 func (p *Profile) IsDefault() bool {
+	if p.ID != "" {
+		return p.ID == defaultProfileName
+	}
 	return p.Name == defaultProfileName
 }
 
@@ -57,18 +81,24 @@ func NewProfileManager() *ProfileManager {
 	return &ProfileManager{}
 }
 
+// GetActiveProfile returns the active profile as recorded in the local
+// user state file. Only ID is populated.
 func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveProfile() (*Profile, error) {
 	pm.mu.Lock()
 	defer pm.mu.Unlock()
 
-	prof := pm.getActiveProfileState()
-	return &Profile{Name: prof}, nil
+	id := pm.getActiveProfileState()
+	return &Profile{ID: id}, nil
 }
 
-func (pm *ProfileManager) SwitchProfile(profileName string) error {
-	profileName = sanitizeProfileName(profileName)
+// SwitchProfile records the given profile ID as active in the local user
+// state file.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SwitchProfile(id ID) error {
+	if id != defaultProfileName && !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(id) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid profile ID: %q", id)
+	}
 
-	if err := pm.setActiveProfileState(profileName); err != nil {
+	if err := pm.setActiveProfileState(id); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to switch profile: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
@@ -85,7 +115,7 @@ func sanitizeProfileName(name string) string {
 	}, name)
 }
 
-func (pm *ProfileManager) getActiveProfileState() string {
+func (pm *ProfileManager) getActiveProfileState() ID {
 
 	configDir, err := getConfigDir()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -99,7 +129,7 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) getActiveProfileState() string {
 	if err != nil {
 		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			log.Warnf("failed to read active profile state: %v", err)
-		} else {
+		} else if !sudoActive() {
 			if err := pm.setActiveProfileState(defaultProfileName); err != nil {
 				log.Warnf("failed to set default profile state: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -113,10 +143,17 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) getActiveProfileState() string {
 		return defaultProfileName
 	}
 
-	return profileName
+	return ID(profileName)
 }
 
-func (pm *ProfileManager) setActiveProfileState(profileName string) error {
+func (pm *ProfileManager) setActiveProfileState(id ID) error {
+	// The invoking user's state is read-only under sudo — a root-owned file in
+	// the user's directory would break their own runs. The daemon still records
+	// the switch on its side; only the user-local bookkeeping is skipped.
+	if sudoActive() {
+		log.Infof("running under sudo: not persisting active profile %q for user %s", id, os.Getenv(envSudoUser))
+		return nil
+	}
 
 	configDir, err := getConfigDir()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -125,7 +162,7 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) setActiveProfileState(profileName string) error {
 
 	statePath := filepath.Join(configDir, activeProfileStateFilename)
 
-	err = os.WriteFile(statePath, []byte(profileName), 0600)
+	err = os.WriteFile(statePath, []byte(id), 0600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write active profile state: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -142,7 +179,7 @@ func GetLoginHint() string {
 		return ""
 	}
 
-	profileState, err := pm.GetProfileState(activeProf.Name)
+	profileState, err := pm.GetProfileState(activeProf.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to get profile state for login hint: %v", err)
 		return ""
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/profilemanager_test.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/profilemanager_test.go
index 79a7ae650..882a71d0a 100644
--- a/client/internal/profilemanager/profilemanager_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/profilemanager_test.go
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ func TestServiceManager_CreateAndGetDefaultProfile(t *testing.T) {
 
 			state, err := sm.GetActiveProfileState()
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, state.Name, defaultProfileName) // No active profile state yet
+			assert.Equal(t, defaultProfileName, state.ID.String()) // No active profile state yet
 
 			err = sm.SetActiveProfileStateToDefault()
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 			active, err := sm.GetActiveProfileState()
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, "default", active.Name)
+			assert.Equal(t, "default", active.ID.String())
 		})
 	})
 }
@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ func TestServiceManager_SetActiveProfileState(t *testing.T) {
 			currUser, err := user.Current()
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
 			sm := &ServiceManager{}
-			state := &ActiveProfileState{Name: "foo", Username: currUser.Username}
+			state := &ActiveProfileState{ID: "foo", Username: currUser.Username}
 			err = sm.SetActiveProfileState(state)
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 			// Should error on nil or incomplete state
 			err = sm.SetActiveProfileState(nil)
 			assert.Error(t, err)
-			err = sm.SetActiveProfileState(&ActiveProfileState{Name: "", Username: ""})
+			err = sm.SetActiveProfileState(&ActiveProfileState{ID: "", Username: ""})
 			assert.Error(t, err)
 		})
 	})
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/service.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/service.go
index ef3eb1114..ec287f01a 100644
--- a/client/internal/profilemanager/service.go
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/service.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package profilemanager
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
+	"syscall"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
@@ -23,12 +25,43 @@ var (
 	DefaultConfigPathDir   = ""
 	DefaultConfigPath      = ""
 	ActiveProfileStatePath = ""
-)
 
-var (
 	ErrorOldDefaultConfigNotFound = errors.New("old default config not found")
 )
 
+// ErrAmbiguousHandle is returned when a profile handle (ID prefix or name)
+// matches more than one profile. Callers can render Candidates to help the
+// user disambiguate.
+type ErrAmbiguousHandle struct {
+	Handle     string
+	Candidates []Profile
+	Kind       AmbiguityKind
+}
+
+// AmbiguityKind describes which matcher produced the ambiguity, so callers
+// can tailor the error message.
+type AmbiguityKind int
+
+const (
+	AmbiguityKindIDPrefix AmbiguityKind = iota
+	AmbiguityKindName
+)
+
+// profileMeta is the minimal slice of a profile JSON we need, so we avoid
+// reading all fields
+type profileMeta struct {
+	Name string
+}
+
+func (e *ErrAmbiguousHandle) Error() string {
+	switch e.Kind {
+	case AmbiguityKindIDPrefix:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("ID prefix %q is ambiguous (matches %d profiles)", e.Handle, len(e.Candidates))
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("name %q is ambiguous (%d profiles share this name)", e.Handle, len(e.Candidates))
+	}
+}
+
 func init() {
 
 	DefaultConfigPathDir = "/var/lib/netbird/"
@@ -54,25 +87,34 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 type ActiveProfileState struct {
-	Name     string `json:"name"`
+	// ID is the on-disk filename stem of the active profile. The JSON tag stays
+	// as "name" for backwards compatibility with active state files written
+	// before the ID-based config files. Legacy values were profile names, which
+	// were also the legacy filename stems, so they still resolve to the correct
+	// file on disk.
+	ID       ID     `json:"name"`
 	Username string `json:"username"`
 }
 
 func (a *ActiveProfileState) FilePath() (string, error) {
-	if a.Name == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("active profile name is empty")
+	if a.ID == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("active profile ID is empty")
 	}
 
-	if a.Name == defaultProfileName {
+	if a.ID == defaultProfileName {
 		return DefaultConfigPath, nil
 	}
 
+	if !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(a.ID) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid profile ID: %q", a.ID)
+	}
+
 	configDir, err := getConfigDirForUser(a.Username)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get config directory for user %s: %w", a.Username, err)
 	}
 
-	return filepath.Join(configDir, a.Name+".json"), nil
+	return filepath.Join(configDir, a.ID.String()+".json"), nil
 }
 
 type ServiceManager struct {
@@ -178,7 +220,7 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) GetActiveProfileState() (*ActiveProfileState, error) {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set active profile to default: %w", err)
 			}
 			return &ActiveProfileState{
-				Name:     "default",
+				ID:       defaultProfileName,
 				Username: "",
 			}, nil
 		} else {
@@ -186,12 +228,12 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) GetActiveProfileState() (*ActiveProfileState, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if activeProfile.Name == "" {
+	if activeProfile.ID == "" {
 		if err := s.SetActiveProfileStateToDefault(); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set active profile to default: %w", err)
 		}
 		return &ActiveProfileState{
-			Name:     "default",
+			ID:       defaultProfileName,
 			Username: "",
 		}, nil
 	}
@@ -216,25 +258,29 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) setDefaultActiveState() error {
 }
 
 func (s *ServiceManager) SetActiveProfileState(a *ActiveProfileState) error {
-	if a == nil || a.Name == "" {
+	if a == nil || a.ID == "" {
 		return errors.New("invalid active profile state")
 	}
 
-	if a.Name != defaultProfileName && a.Username == "" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("username must be set for non-default profiles, got: %s", a.Name)
+	if a.ID != defaultProfileName && a.Username == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("username must be set for non-default profiles, got: %s", a.ID)
+	}
+
+	if a.ID != defaultProfileName && !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(a.ID) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid profile ID: %q", a.ID)
 	}
 
 	if err := util.WriteJsonWithRestrictedPermission(context.Background(), ActiveProfileStatePath, a); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write active profile state: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("active profile set to %s for %s", a.Name, a.Username)
+	log.Infof("active profile set to %s for %s", a.ID, a.Username)
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (s *ServiceManager) SetActiveProfileStateToDefault() error {
 	return s.SetActiveProfileState(&ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     "default",
+		ID:       defaultProfileName,
 		Username: "",
 	})
 }
@@ -243,57 +289,117 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) DefaultProfilePath() string {
 	return DefaultConfigPath
 }
 
-func (s *ServiceManager) AddProfile(profileName, username string) error {
+// AddProfile creates a new profile with a generated ID. The user-supplied
+// displayName is stored inside the JSON's name field, the on-disk filename
+// uses the generated ID.
+//
+// The returned Profile carries the freshly-generated ID so callers can
+// show it to the user (and so the gRPC AddProfileResponse can include
+// it).
+func (s *ServiceManager) AddProfile(displayName, username string) (*Profile, error) {
 	configDir, err := s.getConfigDir(username)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get config directory: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get config directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	profileName = sanitizeProfileName(profileName)
-
-	if profileName == defaultProfileName {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot create profile with reserved name: %s", defaultProfileName)
-	}
-
-	profPath := filepath.Join(configDir, profileName+".json")
-	profileExists, err := fileExists(profPath)
+	displayName, err = sanitizeDisplayName(displayName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if profile exists: %w", err)
-	}
-	if profileExists {
-		return ErrProfileAlreadyExists
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid profile name: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	id, err := generateProfileID()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate profile id: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	profPath := filepath.Join(configDir, id.String()+".json")
 	cfg, err := createNewConfig(ConfigInput{ConfigPath: profPath})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create new config: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create new config: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfg.Name = displayName
+
+	if err := util.WriteJson(context.Background(), profPath, cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write profile config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = util.WriteJson(context.Background(), profPath, cfg)
+	return &Profile{
+		ID:   id,
+		Name: displayName,
+		Path: profPath,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *ServiceManager) RenameProfile(id ID, username string, newName string) error {
+	displayName, err := sanitizeDisplayName(newName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write profile config: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid profile name: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(id) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid profile ID: %q", id)
+	}
+
+	profiles, err := s.loadAllProfiles(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load profiles: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var target *Profile
+	for i := range profiles {
+		if profiles[i].ID == id {
+			target = &profiles[i]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if target == nil {
+		return ErrProfileNotFound
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(target.Path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var cfg Config
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cfg.Name = displayName
+
+	if err := util.WriteJson(context.Background(), target.Path, cfg); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write profile name: %w", err)
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *ServiceManager) RemoveProfile(profileName, username string) error {
-	configDir, err := s.getConfigDir(username)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get config directory: %w", err)
+// RemoveProfile deletes the profile identified by id. Callers must have
+// already resolved any user-supplied handle to a concrete ID via
+// ResolveProfile.
+func (s *ServiceManager) RemoveProfile(id ID, username string) error {
+	if id == defaultProfileName {
+		defaultName := readProfileName(DefaultConfigPath)
+		if defaultName == "" {
+			defaultName = defaultProfileName
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot remove default profile with name: %s", defaultName)
+	}
+	if !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(id) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid profile ID: %q", id)
 	}
 
-	profileName = sanitizeProfileName(profileName)
-
-	if profileName == defaultProfileName {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot remove profile with reserved name: %s", defaultProfileName)
-	}
-	profPath := filepath.Join(configDir, profileName+".json")
-	profileExists, err := fileExists(profPath)
+	profiles, err := s.loadAllProfiles(username)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if profile exists: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("load profiles: %w", err)
 	}
-	if !profileExists {
+
+	var target *Profile
+	for i := range profiles {
+		if profiles[i].ID == id {
+			target = &profiles[i]
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if target == nil {
 		return ErrProfileNotFound
 	}
 
@@ -301,57 +407,31 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) RemoveProfile(profileName, username string) error {
 	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrNoActiveProfile) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile: %w", err)
 	}
-
-	if activeProf != nil && activeProf.Name == profileName {
-		return fmt.Errorf("cannot remove active profile: %s", profileName)
+	if activeProf != nil && activeProf.ID == id {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot remove active profile: %s", id)
 	}
 
-	err = util.RemoveJson(profPath)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := util.RemoveJson(target.Path); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove profile config: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	stateFile := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(target.Path), id.String()+".state.json")
+	if err := os.Remove(stateFile); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		log.Warnf("failed to remove profile state file %s: %v", stateFile, err)
+	}
+
+	prefsFile := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(target.Path), id.String()+prefsFileSuffix)
+	if err := removePrefsFile(prefsFile); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		log.Warnf("failed to remove profile prefs file %s: %v", prefsFile, err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
+// ListProfiles returns every profile for the given user, including the
+// default profile, with IsActive flags set.
 func (s *ServiceManager) ListProfiles(username string) ([]Profile, error) {
-	configDir, err := s.getConfigDir(username)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get config directory: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	files, err := util.ListFiles(configDir, "*.json")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list profile files: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var filtered []string
-	for _, file := range files {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(file, "state.json") {
-			continue // skip state files
-		}
-		filtered = append(filtered, file)
-	}
-	sort.Strings(filtered)
-
-	var activeProfName string
-	activeProf, err := s.GetActiveProfileState()
-	if err == nil {
-		activeProfName = activeProf.Name
-	}
-
-	var profiles []Profile
-	// add default profile always
-	profiles = append(profiles, Profile{Name: defaultProfileName, IsActive: activeProfName == "" || activeProfName == defaultProfileName})
-	for _, file := range filtered {
-		profileName := strings.TrimSuffix(filepath.Base(file), ".json")
-		var isActive bool
-		if activeProfName != "" && activeProfName == profileName {
-			isActive = true
-		}
-		profiles = append(profiles, Profile{Name: profileName, IsActive: isActive})
-	}
-
-	return profiles, nil
+	return s.loadAllProfiles(username)
 }
 
 // GetStatePath returns the path to the state file based on the operating system
@@ -365,11 +445,20 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) GetStatePath() string {
 
 	activeProf, err := s.GetActiveProfileState()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to get active profile state: %v", err)
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOSYS) {
+			log.Debugf("active profile state unavailable on this platform: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("failed to get active profile state: %v", err)
+		}
 		return defaultStatePath
 	}
 
-	if activeProf.Name == defaultProfileName {
+	if activeProf.ID == defaultProfileName {
+		return defaultStatePath
+	}
+
+	if !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(activeProf.ID) {
+		log.Warnf("invalid active profile ID %q, using default state path", activeProf.ID)
 		return defaultStatePath
 	}
 
@@ -379,7 +468,7 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) GetStatePath() string {
 		return defaultStatePath
 	}
 
-	return filepath.Join(configDir, activeProf.Name+".state.json")
+	return filepath.Join(configDir, activeProf.ID.String()+".state.json")
 }
 
 // getConfigDir returns the profiles directory, using profilesDir if set, otherwise getConfigDirForUser
@@ -390,3 +479,169 @@ func (s *ServiceManager) getConfigDir(username string) (string, error) {
 
 	return getConfigDirForUser(username)
 }
+
+// loadAllProfiles returns every profile visible to the daemon for the
+// given user, including the default profile. The returned slice is sorted
+// by ID for a stable display order.
+//
+// Each Profile is fully populated: ID is the filename stem, Name comes
+// from the JSON's "name" field (falling back to the filename stem when absent)
+// and Path is built from a basename read off disk.
+func (s *ServiceManager) loadAllProfiles(username string) ([]Profile, error) {
+	activeID, activeIsDefault := s.activeProfileID()
+	defaultName := readProfileName(DefaultConfigPath)
+	if defaultName == "" {
+		defaultName = defaultProfileName
+	}
+
+	profiles := []Profile{{
+		ID:       defaultProfileName,
+		Name:     defaultName,
+		Path:     DefaultConfigPath,
+		IsActive: activeIsDefault,
+	}}
+
+	configDir, err := s.getConfigDir(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get config directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(configDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return profiles, nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read profile directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var fileProfiles []Profile
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		base := entry.Name()
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(base, ".json") {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(base, ".state.json") {
+			continue
+		}
+		stem := ID(strings.TrimSuffix(base, ".json"))
+		if stem == defaultProfileName {
+			// default lives at the top-level config dir, not under /<user>
+			continue
+		}
+		if !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(ID(stem)) {
+			continue
+		}
+		path := filepath.Join(configDir, base)
+		name := readProfileName(path)
+		if name == "" {
+			name = stem.String()
+		}
+		fileProfiles = append(fileProfiles, Profile{
+			ID:       stem,
+			Name:     name,
+			Path:     path,
+			IsActive: stem == ID(activeID),
+		})
+	}
+
+	sort.Slice(fileProfiles, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if fileProfiles[i].Name != fileProfiles[j].Name {
+			return fileProfiles[i].Name < fileProfiles[j].Name
+		}
+		// Sort tie-break on ID so duplicate names always render in the same order.
+		return fileProfiles[i].ID < fileProfiles[j].ID
+	})
+	profiles = append(profiles, fileProfiles...)
+	return profiles, nil
+}
+
+// readProfileName parses just the "name" field from the profile Json.
+func readProfileName(path string) string {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var meta profileMeta
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &meta); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return meta.Name
+}
+
+// activeProfileID returns the currently-active profile's ID. The second
+// return value is true when the active profile is the default one.
+func (s *ServiceManager) activeProfileID() (ID, bool) {
+	state, err := s.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err != nil || state == nil {
+		return defaultProfileName, true
+	}
+	if state.ID == "" || state.ID == defaultProfileName {
+		return defaultProfileName, true
+	}
+	return state.ID, false
+}
+
+// ResolveProfile turns a user-supplied handle into a Profile. Resolution
+// precedence is: exact ID match, then unique exact name, then unique ID
+// prefix. Ambiguous matches return *ErrAmbiguousHandle so callers can
+// surface the candidates.
+func (s *ServiceManager) ResolveProfile(handle, username string) (*Profile, error) {
+	if handle == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("profile handle is empty")
+	}
+
+	profiles, err := s.loadAllProfiles(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for i := range profiles {
+		if profiles[i].ID == ID(handle) {
+			return &profiles[i], nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	var nameMatches []Profile
+	for i := range profiles {
+		if profiles[i].Name == handle {
+			nameMatches = append(nameMatches, profiles[i])
+		}
+	}
+	if len(nameMatches) == 1 {
+		return &nameMatches[0], nil
+	}
+	if len(nameMatches) > 1 {
+		return nil, &ErrAmbiguousHandle{
+			Handle:     handle,
+			Candidates: nameMatches,
+			Kind:       AmbiguityKindName,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// ID prefix match. Skip the default profile so `select d` does not
+	// accidentally pick it via prefix.
+	var prefixMatches []Profile
+	for i := range profiles {
+		if profiles[i].ID == defaultProfileName {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(profiles[i].ID.String(), handle) {
+			prefixMatches = append(prefixMatches, profiles[i])
+		}
+	}
+	if len(prefixMatches) == 1 {
+		return &prefixMatches[0], nil
+	}
+	if len(prefixMatches) > 1 {
+		return nil, &ErrAmbiguousHandle{
+			Handle:     handle,
+			Candidates: prefixMatches,
+			Kind:       AmbiguityKindIDPrefix,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, ErrProfileNotFound
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/service_test.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/service_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e051b15d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/service_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+package profilemanager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// withTestSM wires up patched globals + a clean config dir and returns a
+// fully initialized ServiceManager plus the username we are scoped to.
+func withTestSM(t *testing.T, fn func(sm *ServiceManager, username string)) {
+	t.Helper()
+	withTempConfigDir(t, func(configDir string) {
+		withPatchedGlobals(t, configDir, func() {
+			u, err := user.Current()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			sm := &ServiceManager{}
+			require.NoError(t, sm.CreateDefaultProfile())
+			fn(sm, u.Username)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServiceProfile_ExactID(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		created, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		got, err := sm.ResolveProfile(created.ID.String(), username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, created.ID, got.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "work", got.Name)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServiceProfile_IDPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		created, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		prefix := created.ID[:4]
+		got, err := sm.ResolveProfile(prefix.String(), username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, created.ID, got.ID)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServiceProfile_AmbiguousPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		// Plant two profiles whose IDs share a known prefix by writing
+		// the files directly, since generated IDs are random.
+		configDir, err := sm.getConfigDir(username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		for _, id := range []string{"abcd1111aaaa", "abcd2222bbbb"} {
+			path := filepath.Join(configDir, id+".json")
+			require.NoError(t, util.WriteJson(context.Background(), path, &Config{Name: id}))
+		}
+
+		_, err = sm.ResolveProfile("abcd", username)
+		var amb *ErrAmbiguousHandle
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &amb)
+		assert.Equal(t, AmbiguityKindIDPrefix, amb.Kind)
+		assert.Len(t, amb.Candidates, 2)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServiceProfile_ExactNameUnique(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		_, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		got, err := sm.ResolveProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "work", got.Name)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServiceProfile_AmbiguousName(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		_, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_, err = sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		_, err = sm.ResolveProfile("work", username)
+		var amb *ErrAmbiguousHandle
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &amb)
+		assert.Equal(t, AmbiguityKindName, amb.Kind)
+		assert.Len(t, amb.Candidates, 2)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServiceProfile_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		_, err := sm.ResolveProfile("nope", username)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrProfileNotFound)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServiceProfile_DefaultByExactID(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		got, err := sm.ResolveProfile(defaultProfileName, username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, defaultProfileName, got.ID.String())
+	})
+}
+
+func TestServiceProfile_LegacyFilenameCoexists(t *testing.T) {
+	// Legacy profiles stored as <name>.json with no "name" JSON field
+	// should still be discoverable by name and removable by name.
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		configDir, err := sm.getConfigDir(username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		path := filepath.Join(configDir, "legacy.json")
+		require.NoError(t, util.WriteJson(context.Background(), path, &Config{}))
+
+		got, err := sm.ResolveProfile("legacy", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "legacy", got.ID.String())
+		// Name falls back to the filename stem when JSON omits it.
+		assert.Equal(t, "legacy", got.Name)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAddProfile_AllowsDuplicateWithFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		first, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		second, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, first.ID, second.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "work", second.Name)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAddProfile_RejectsInvalidNames(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		cases := []string{
+			"",                                       // empty
+			"\x00\x01",                               // only control chars (becomes empty)
+			strings.Repeat("a", maxProfileNameLen+1), // too long
+		}
+		for _, name := range cases {
+			_, err := sm.AddProfile(name, username)
+			assert.Error(t, err, "expected error for %q", name)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestRemoveProfile_RejectsInvalidID(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		err := sm.RemoveProfile("../escape", username)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeDisplayName(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in      string
+		want    string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{"work", "work", false},
+		{"My Work Account", "My Work Account", false},
+		{"emoji 🚀 ok", "emoji 🚀 ok", false},
+		{"漢字テスト", "漢字テスト", false},
+		{"with\x00null", "withnull", false},
+		{"\x01\x02\x03", "", true},
+		{"", "", true},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		got, err := sanitizeDisplayName(tc.in)
+		if tc.wantErr {
+			assert.Error(t, err, "case %q", tc.in)
+			continue
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "case %q", tc.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, tc.want, got, "case %q", tc.in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsValidProfileFilenameStem(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"default", true},
+		{"abc123def456", true},
+		{"legacy-name", true},
+		{"legacy_name", true},
+		{"", false},
+		{"..", false},
+		{"../etc", false},
+		{"foo/bar", false},
+		{`foo\bar`, false},
+		{"with space", false},
+		{"with.dot", false},
+		{strings.Repeat("a", maxProfileIDLen+1), false},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		got := IsValidProfileFilenameStem(ID(tc.in))
+		assert.Equal(t, tc.want, got, "case %q", tc.in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoveProfile_DeletesStateFile(t *testing.T) {
+	withTestSM(t, func(sm *ServiceManager, username string) {
+		created, err := sm.AddProfile("work", username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		configDir, err := sm.getConfigDir(username)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		statePath := filepath.Join(configDir, created.ID.String()+".state.json")
+		require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(statePath, []byte(`{"email":"a@b"}`), 0600))
+
+		require.NoError(t, sm.RemoveProfile(created.ID, username))
+		_, err = os.Stat(statePath)
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist), "state file should be removed")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/profilemanager/state.go b/client/internal/profilemanager/state.go
index f09391ede..81e6c085f 100644
--- a/client/internal/profilemanager/state.go
+++ b/client/internal/profilemanager/state.go
@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
@@ -13,13 +16,20 @@ type ProfileState struct {
 	Email string `json:"email"`
 }
 
-func (pm *ProfileManager) GetProfileState(profileName string) (*ProfileState, error) {
+// GetProfileState reads the per-profile state file keyed by profile ID.
+// The state file lives in the user's config directory. Legacy state files
+// keyed by the old profile name remain readable.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetProfileState(id ID) (*ProfileState, error) {
 	configDir, err := getConfigDir()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get config directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	stateFile := filepath.Join(configDir, profileName+".state.json")
+	if id != defaultProfileName && !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(id) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid profile ID: %q", id)
+	}
+
+	stateFile := filepath.Join(configDir, id.String()+".state.json")
 	stateFileExists, err := fileExists(stateFile)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to check if profile state file exists: %w", err)
@@ -37,12 +47,44 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) GetProfileState(profileName string) (*ProfileState, er
 	return &state, nil
 }
 
-func (pm *ProfileManager) SetActiveProfileState(state *ProfileState) error {
+// SetProfileState writes the state file of the profile identified by id. Prefer
+// it over SetActiveProfileState whenever the caller knows which profile the data
+// belongs to: an SSO login spans seconds of user interaction, and the active
+// profile can change during it, which would file the account email under
+// whichever profile happened to be active when the flow returned.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SetProfileState(id ID, state *ProfileState) error {
 	configDir, err := getConfigDir()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get config directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if id == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty profile ID")
+	}
+	if id != defaultProfileName && !IsValidProfileFilenameStem(id) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid profile ID: %q", id)
+	}
+
+	// The invoking user's state is read-only under sudo. The file only carries
+	// the account email for the login hint and display, so skipping the write
+	// costs at most one extra account prompt later — a root-owned file in the
+	// user's directory would cost every later update instead.
+	if sudoActive() {
+		log.Debugf("running under sudo: not persisting profile state for user %s", os.Getenv(envSudoUser))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	stateFile := filepath.Join(configDir, id.String()+".state.json")
+	if err := util.WriteJsonWithRestrictedPermission(context.Background(), stateFile, state); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write profile state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetActiveProfileState writes the state file of whichever profile is active at
+// call time. Use SetProfileState when the target profile is known.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SetActiveProfileState(state *ProfileState) error {
 	activeProf, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, ErrNoActiveProfile) {
@@ -51,10 +93,29 @@ func (pm *ProfileManager) SetActiveProfileState(state *ProfileState) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	stateFile := filepath.Join(configDir, activeProf.Name+".state.json")
-	err = util.WriteJsonWithRestrictedPermission(context.Background(), stateFile, state)
+	return pm.SetProfileState(activeProf.ID, state)
+}
+
+// RemoveProfileState deletes the per-profile state file (which holds the
+// account email used for the SSO login hint and the UI display). Called after
+// profile removal; logout keeps the file so the next login can pass the email
+// as the login_hint. The state file only stores the email, so deleting it is
+// equivalent to clearing it; the next SSO login recreates it. A missing file
+// is not an error.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) RemoveProfileState(profileName string) error {
+	if sudoActive() {
+		log.Debugf("running under sudo: not removing profile state for user %s", os.Getenv(envSudoUser))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	configDir, err := getConfigDir()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("write profile state: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("get config directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	stateFile := filepath.Join(configDir, profileName+".state.json")
+	if err := os.Remove(stateFile); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove profile state: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
diff --git a/client/internal/relay/relay.go b/client/internal/relay/relay.go
index 59be5b0a7..051717608 100644
--- a/client/internal/relay/relay.go
+++ b/client/internal/relay/relay.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -31,6 +32,9 @@ type ProbeResult struct {
 	URI  string
 	Err  error
 	Addr string
+	// Transport is the negotiated relay transport, empty
+	// for stun/turn probes or when not connected.
+	Transport string
 }
 
 type StunTurnProbe struct {
@@ -257,7 +261,7 @@ func (p *StunTurnProbe) probeTURN(ctx context.Context, uri *stun.URI) (addr stri
 		}
 	}()
 
-	turnServerAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", uri.Host, uri.Port)
+	turnServerAddr := net.JoinHostPort(uri.Host, strconv.Itoa(uri.Port))
 
 	var conn net.PacketConn
 	switch uri.Proto {
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/manager.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/manager.go
index 1faa22dc5..21dd751df 100644
--- a/client/internal/rosenpass/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/manager.go
@@ -28,22 +28,33 @@ func hashRosenpassKey(key []byte) string {
 	return hex.EncodeToString(hasher.Sum(nil))
 }
 
+// rpServer is the subset of rp.Server used by Manager. Defined as an interface
+// so tests can substitute a mock without spinning up a real UDP server.
+type rpServer interface {
+	AddPeer(rp.PeerConfig) (rp.PeerID, error)
+	RemovePeer(rp.PeerID) error
+	Run() error
+	Close() error
+}
+
 type Manager struct {
 	ifaceName    string
+	localWgKey   wgtypes.Key
 	spk          []byte
 	ssk          []byte
 	rpKeyHash    string
 	preSharedKey *[32]byte
 	rpPeerIDs    map[string]*rp.PeerID
 	rpWgHandler  *NetbirdHandler
-	server       *rp.Server
+	server       rpServer
 	lock         sync.Mutex
 	port         int
 	wgIface      PresharedKeySetter
 }
 
-// NewManager creates a new Rosenpass manager
-func NewManager(preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key, wgIfaceName string) (*Manager, error) {
+// NewManager creates a new Rosenpass manager. localWgKey is the local
+// WireGuard public key, used to derive the per-peer rendezvous key.
+func NewManager(preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key, wgIfaceName string, localWgKey wgtypes.Key) (*Manager, error) {
 	public, secret, err := rp.GenerateKeyPair()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -51,7 +62,23 @@ func NewManager(preSharedKey *wgtypes.Key, wgIfaceName string) (*Manager, error)
 
 	rpKeyHash := hashRosenpassKey(public)
 	log.Tracef("generated new rosenpass key pair with public key %s", rpKeyHash)
-	return &Manager{ifaceName: wgIfaceName, rpKeyHash: rpKeyHash, spk: public, ssk: secret, preSharedKey: (*[32]byte)(preSharedKey), rpPeerIDs: make(map[string]*rp.PeerID), lock: sync.Mutex{}}, nil
+	return &Manager{
+		ifaceName:    wgIfaceName,
+		localWgKey:   localWgKey,
+		rpKeyHash:    rpKeyHash,
+		spk:          public,
+		ssk:          secret,
+		preSharedKey: (*[32]byte)(preSharedKey),
+		rpPeerIDs:    make(map[string]*rp.PeerID),
+		// rpWgHandler is created here (instead of only in generateConfig) so it
+		// is never nil between NewManager and Run(). Otherwise an early
+		// OnConnected call (race observed on Android, issue #4341) panics on
+		// nil receiver in addPeer -> m.rpWgHandler.AddPeer. generateConfig will
+		// replace it with a fresh handler on each Run() to clear stale peer
+		// state from previous engine sessions.
+		rpWgHandler: NewNetbirdHandler((*[32]byte)(preSharedKey), localWgKey),
+		lock:        sync.Mutex{},
+	}, nil
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) GetPubKey() []byte {
@@ -65,6 +92,16 @@ func (m *Manager) GetAddress() *net.UDPAddr {
 
 // addPeer adds a new peer to the Rosenpass server
 func (m *Manager) addPeer(rosenpassPubKey []byte, rosenpassAddr string, wireGuardIP string, wireGuardPubKey string) error {
+	// Defense in depth against issue #4341 (Android crash): if Run() has not
+	// completed yet, m.server / m.rpWgHandler may be nil. Return an explicit
+	// error instead of panicking on nil-receiver dereference.
+	if m.server == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rosenpass server not initialized")
+	}
+	if m.rpWgHandler == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rosenpass wg handler not initialized")
+	}
+
 	var err error
 	pcfg := rp.PeerConfig{PublicKey: rosenpassPubKey}
 	if m.preSharedKey != nil {
@@ -75,10 +112,20 @@ func (m *Manager) addPeer(rosenpassPubKey []byte, rosenpassAddr string, wireGuar
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse rosenpass address: %w", err)
 		}
-		peerAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", wireGuardIP, strPort)
+		peerAddr := net.JoinHostPort(wireGuardIP, strPort)
 		if pcfg.Endpoint, err = net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", peerAddr); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve peer endpoint address: %w", err)
 		}
+		// Our local Rosenpass UDP server binds on the IPv6 wildcard ([::]) — see
+		// GetAddress(). The remote peer's endpoint (pcfg.Endpoint) is the destination
+		// our server will sendto when initiating handshakes. ResolveUDPAddr returns a
+		// 4-byte IPv4 for IPv4 hosts, which the kernel rejects (EDESTADDRREQ) when
+		// sent from an AF_INET6 socket. Normalize the remote endpoint to IPv4-mapped
+		// IPv6 so its address family matches our listening socket.
+		// TODO: maybe bind the Rosenpass UDP server to the peer wg IP addr
+		if v4 := pcfg.Endpoint.IP.To4(); v4 != nil {
+			pcfg.Endpoint.IP = v4.To16()
+		}
 	}
 	peerID, err := m.server.AddPeer(pcfg)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -117,7 +164,7 @@ func (m *Manager) generateConfig() (rp.Config, error) {
 	cfg.Peers = []rp.PeerConfig{}
 
 	m.lock.Lock()
-	m.rpWgHandler = NewNetbirdHandler()
+	m.rpWgHandler = NewNetbirdHandler(m.preSharedKey, m.localWgKey)
 	if m.wgIface != nil {
 		m.rpWgHandler.SetInterface(m.wgIface)
 	}
@@ -182,24 +229,31 @@ func (m *Manager) Run() error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	m.server, err = rp.NewUDPServer(conf)
+	server, err := rp.NewUDPServer(conf)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	m.server = server
+	m.lock.Unlock()
+
 	log.Infof("starting rosenpass server on port %d", m.port)
 
-	return m.server.Run()
+	return server.Run()
 }
 
 // Close closes the Rosenpass server
 func (m *Manager) Close() error {
-	if m.server != nil {
-		err := m.server.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed closing local rosenpass server")
-		}
-		m.server = nil
+	m.lock.Lock()
+	server := m.server
+	m.server = nil
+	m.lock.Unlock()
+	if server == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := server.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed closing local rosenpass server: %v", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -259,6 +313,9 @@ func findRandomAvailableUDPPort() (int, error) {
 	}
 	defer conn.Close()
 
-	splitAddress := strings.Split(conn.LocalAddr().String(), ":")
-	return strconv.Atoi(splitAddress[len(splitAddress)-1])
+	_, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(conn.LocalAddr().String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("parse local address %s: %w", conn.LocalAddr(), err)
+	}
+	return strconv.Atoi(portStr)
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/manager_test.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/manager_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69e18ac88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/manager_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+package rosenpass
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	rp "cunicu.li/go-rosenpass"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+)
+
+// --- test doubles -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+type addPeerCall struct {
+	cfg rp.PeerConfig
+}
+
+type removePeerCall struct {
+	id rp.PeerID
+}
+
+type mockServer struct {
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	addCalls  []addPeerCall
+	removed   []removePeerCall
+	nextID    rp.PeerID
+	addErr    error
+	removeErr error
+	closed    bool
+	ran       bool
+}
+
+func (m *mockServer) AddPeer(cfg rp.PeerConfig) (rp.PeerID, error) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.addCalls = append(m.addCalls, addPeerCall{cfg: cfg})
+	if m.addErr != nil {
+		return rp.PeerID{}, m.addErr
+	}
+	// Increment a byte in nextID so distinct peers get distinct IDs.
+	m.nextID[0]++
+	return m.nextID, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockServer) RemovePeer(id rp.PeerID) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.removed = append(m.removed, removePeerCall{id: id})
+	return m.removeErr
+}
+
+func (m *mockServer) Run() error   { m.ran = true; return nil }
+func (m *mockServer) Close() error { m.closed = true; return nil }
+
+type setPSKCall struct {
+	peerKey    string
+	psk        wgtypes.Key
+	updateOnly bool
+}
+
+type mockIface struct {
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	calls []setPSKCall
+	err   error
+}
+
+func (m *mockIface) SetPresharedKey(peerKey string, psk wgtypes.Key, updateOnly bool) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.calls = append(m.calls, setPSKCall{peerKey: peerKey, psk: psk, updateOnly: updateOnly})
+	return m.err
+}
+
+// newTestManager builds a Manager with deterministic spk so tie-break
+// against a peer pubkey is controllable from tests. The provided spk byte
+// becomes the first byte; remaining bytes are zero.
+func newTestManager(spkFirstByte byte, mock *mockServer) *Manager {
+	spk := make([]byte, 32)
+	spk[0] = spkFirstByte
+	return &Manager{
+		ifaceName:   "wt0",
+		spk:         spk,
+		ssk:         make([]byte, 32),
+		rpKeyHash:   "test-hash",
+		rpPeerIDs:   make(map[string]*rp.PeerID),
+		rpWgHandler: NewNetbirdHandler(nil, wgtypes.Key{0x01}),
+		server:      mock,
+	}
+}
+
+// validWGKey returns a deterministic 32-byte wireguard public key (base64).
+func validWGKey(t *testing.T, lastByte byte) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var k wgtypes.Key
+	k[31] = lastByte
+	return k.String()
+}
+
+// --- pure helpers ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestHashRosenpassKey_Deterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	key := []byte("hello-rosenpass")
+	require.Equal(t, hashRosenpassKey(key), hashRosenpassKey(key))
+	require.Len(t, hashRosenpassKey(key), 64) // sha256 hex
+}
+
+func TestHashRosenpassKey_DifferentInputsDifferOutputs(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NotEqual(t, hashRosenpassKey([]byte("a")), hashRosenpassKey([]byte("b")))
+}
+
+func TestGetLogLevel_DefaultWhenUnset(t *testing.T) {
+	// Snapshot + unset to exercise the LookupEnv ok=false branch. t.Setenv
+	// can only set, not delete, so do it manually with restore via t.Cleanup.
+	prev, hadPrev := os.LookupEnv(defaultLogLevelVar)
+	require.NoError(t, os.Unsetenv(defaultLogLevelVar))
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if hadPrev {
+			_ = os.Setenv(defaultLogLevelVar, prev)
+		} else {
+			_ = os.Unsetenv(defaultLogLevelVar)
+		}
+	})
+	require.Equal(t, defaultLog.String(), getLogLevel().String())
+}
+
+func TestGetLogLevel_Cases(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"debug":   "DEBUG",
+		"info":    "INFO",
+		"warn":    "WARN",
+		"error":   "ERROR",
+		"unknown": "INFO", // default fallback
+	}
+	for input, wantStr := range cases {
+		input, wantStr := input, wantStr
+		t.Run(input, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(defaultLogLevelVar, input)
+			require.Equal(t, wantStr, getLogLevel().String())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindRandomAvailableUDPPort(t *testing.T) {
+	port, err := findRandomAvailableUDPPort()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Greater(t, port, 0)
+	require.LessOrEqual(t, port, 65535)
+}
+
+// --- addPeer ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestAddPeer_HigherLocalPubkey_SetsEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv) // local spk lexicographically larger
+
+	remotePubKey := make([]byte, 32) // remote spk = all zeros (smaller)
+	err := m.addPeer(remotePubKey, "rosenpass-host:7000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, srv.addCalls, 1)
+
+	ep := srv.addCalls[0].cfg.Endpoint
+	require.NotNil(t, ep, "initiator side must set Endpoint")
+	require.Equal(t, 7000, ep.Port)
+	require.Equal(t, "100.1.1.1", ep.IP.String())
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_HigherLocalPubkey_EndpointIPIsIPv4Mapped(t *testing.T) {
+	// Regression guard for the EDESTADDRREQ fix: Endpoint.IP must be 16-byte
+	// (IPv4-mapped IPv6) so it matches the AF_INET6 listening socket family.
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ep := srv.addCalls[0].cfg.Endpoint
+	require.NotNil(t, ep)
+	require.Len(t, ep.IP, 16, "IPv4 endpoint must be normalized to 16-byte v4-mapped form")
+	require.True(t, ep.IP.To4() != nil, "Endpoint must still be detected as IPv4")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_LowerLocalPubkey_LeavesEndpointNil(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0x00, srv) // local spk smaller
+
+	remotePubKey := make([]byte, 32)
+	remotePubKey[0] = 0xFF
+	err := m.addPeer(remotePubKey, "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 2))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Nil(t, srv.addCalls[0].cfg.Endpoint, "responder side must NOT set Endpoint")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_PresharedKeyPropagated(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	psk := &wgtypes.Key{0x42}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+	m.preSharedKey = (*[32]byte)(psk)
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 3))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, [32]byte(*psk), [32]byte(srv.addCalls[0].cfg.PresharedKey))
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_InvalidRosenpassAddr_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv) // initiator path → parses rosenpassAddr
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "not-a-host-port", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, srv.addCalls, "server.AddPeer must not run when address parse fails")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_InvalidWireGuardPubKey_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", "not-a-valid-key")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_ServerError_Propagates(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{addErr: errors.New("boom")}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+// Regression guard for issue #4341 (Android crash). If Run() has not completed
+// before OnConnected fires, m.rpWgHandler or m.server may be nil. Without the
+// nil guards, m.rpWgHandler.AddPeer panics on nil receiver.
+func TestAddPeer_NilHandler_ReturnsErrorNoCrash(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+	m.rpWgHandler = nil // simulate Run() not yet completed
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "wg handler not initialized")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_NilServer_ReturnsErrorNoCrash(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, nil)
+	m.server = nil // simulate Run() not yet completed
+
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", validWGKey(t, 1))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "server not initialized")
+}
+
+// NewManager must pre-initialize rpWgHandler so the nil-receiver crash from
+// issue #4341 cannot occur in the window between NewManager and Run().
+func TestNewManager_PreInitializesHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	psk := wgtypes.Key{}
+	m, err := NewManager(&psk, "wt0", wgtypes.Key{0x01})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, m.rpWgHandler, "rpWgHandler must be initialized in NewManager")
+}
+
+func TestAddPeer_RecordsPeerID(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	wgKey := validWGKey(t, 5)
+	err := m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", wgKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, m.rpPeerIDs, wgKey)
+}
+
+// --- OnConnected / OnDisconnected ------------------------------------------
+
+func TestOnConnected_NilRemotePubKey_NoAddPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	m.OnConnected(validWGKey(t, 1), nil, "100.1.1.1", "rp:5000")
+	require.Empty(t, srv.addCalls, "nil remote rosenpass pubkey must skip AddPeer")
+	require.Empty(t, m.rpPeerIDs)
+}
+
+func TestOnConnected_ValidPubKey_CallsAddPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	wgKey := validWGKey(t, 1)
+	m.OnConnected(wgKey, make([]byte, 32), "100.1.1.1", "rp:5000")
+	require.Len(t, srv.addCalls, 1)
+	require.Contains(t, m.rpPeerIDs, wgKey)
+}
+
+func TestOnDisconnected_UnknownPeer_NoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	m.OnDisconnected(validWGKey(t, 99))
+	require.Empty(t, srv.removed, "unknown peer key must not call RemovePeer")
+}
+
+func TestOnDisconnected_KnownPeer_CallsRemoveAndForgets(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	wgKey := validWGKey(t, 1)
+	require.NoError(t, m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", wgKey))
+	require.Contains(t, m.rpPeerIDs, wgKey)
+
+	m.OnDisconnected(wgKey)
+	require.Len(t, srv.removed, 1)
+	require.NotContains(t, m.rpPeerIDs, wgKey, "peer must be forgotten after disconnect")
+}
+
+// --- IsPresharedKeyInitialized ---------------------------------------------
+
+func TestIsPresharedKeyInitialized_UnknownPeer_ReturnsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+	require.False(t, m.IsPresharedKeyInitialized(validWGKey(t, 1)))
+}
+
+func TestIsPresharedKeyInitialized_AddedButNotHandshaken_ReturnsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &mockServer{}
+	m := newTestManager(0xFF, srv)
+
+	wgKey := validWGKey(t, 2)
+	require.NoError(t, m.addPeer(make([]byte, 32), "rp:5000", "100.1.1.1", wgKey))
+	require.False(t, m.IsPresharedKeyInitialized(wgKey))
+}
+
+// --- NetbirdHandler.applyKey ----------------------------------------------
+
+func TestHandler_ApplyKey_FirstCallUsesUpdateOnlyFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler(nil, wgtypes.Key{0x01})
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface)
+
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x01}
+	wgKey := wgtypes.Key{0xAA}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgKey))
+
+	psk := rp.Key{0xBB}
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, psk)
+
+	require.Len(t, iface.calls, 1)
+	require.False(t, iface.calls[0].updateOnly, "first PSK rotation must use updateOnly=false")
+	require.Equal(t, wgKey.String(), iface.calls[0].peerKey)
+}
+
+func TestHandler_ApplyKey_SubsequentCallsUseUpdateOnlyTrue(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler(nil, wgtypes.Key{0x01})
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface)
+
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x02}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgtypes.Key{0xCC}))
+
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{0x01}) // first
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{0x02}) // second
+
+	require.Len(t, iface.calls, 2)
+	require.False(t, iface.calls[0].updateOnly)
+	require.True(t, iface.calls[1].updateOnly, "subsequent rotations must use updateOnly=true")
+}
+
+func TestHandler_ApplyKey_NilInterface_NoCrashNoCall(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler(nil, wgtypes.Key{0x01})
+	// no SetInterface — iface remains nil
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x03}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgtypes.Key{}))
+
+	// Must not panic.
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{})
+}
+
+func TestHandler_ApplyKey_UnknownPeer_NoCall(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler(nil, wgtypes.Key{0x01})
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface)
+
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(rp.PeerID{0xFF}, rp.Key{})
+	require.Empty(t, iface.calls, "unknown peer id must not trigger SetPresharedKey")
+}
+
+func TestHandler_RemovePeer_ClearsInitializedState(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler(nil, wgtypes.Key{0x01})
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface)
+
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x04}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgtypes.Key{0xDD}))
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{0x01})
+	require.True(t, h.IsPeerInitialized(pid))
+
+	h.RemovePeer(pid)
+	require.False(t, h.IsPeerInitialized(pid), "RemovePeer must clear initialized flag")
+}
+
+func TestHandler_SetInterfaceAfterAddPeer_StillReceivesKey(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewNetbirdHandler(nil, wgtypes.Key{0x01})
+	pid := rp.PeerID{0x05}
+	wgKey := wgtypes.Key{0xEE}
+	h.AddPeer(pid, "wt0", rp.Key(wgKey))
+
+	iface := &mockIface{}
+	h.SetInterface(iface) // set after AddPeer
+
+	h.HandshakeCompleted(pid, rp.Key{0x42})
+	require.Len(t, iface.calls, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, wgKey.String(), iface.calls[0].peerKey)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/netbird_handler.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/netbird_handler.go
index 9de2409ef..672650ca7 100644
--- a/client/internal/rosenpass/netbird_handler.go
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/netbird_handler.go
@@ -18,19 +18,34 @@ type PresharedKeySetter interface {
 type wireGuardPeer struct {
 	Interface string
 	PublicKey rp.Key
+	// initialized is true once a completed exchange has set a
+	// Rosenpass-managed PSK for this peer.
+	initialized bool
+	// chainKey is the key output by the last completed exchange, advanced by
+	// one ratchet step on expiry. Nil until the first exchange completes and
+	// after the peer has fallen back to the rendezvous key.
+	chainKey *wgtypes.Key
+	// expiries counts failed renewals since the last completed exchange.
+	expiries int
 }
 
 type NetbirdHandler struct {
-	mu               sync.Mutex
-	iface            PresharedKeySetter
-	peers            map[rp.PeerID]wireGuardPeer
-	initializedPeers map[rp.PeerID]bool
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	iface PresharedKeySetter
+	// preSharedKey is the account-level preshared key, used as the rendezvous
+	// key when set. Nil means the deterministic seed key is used instead.
+	preSharedKey *[32]byte
+	// localWgKey is the local WireGuard public key, one of the two inputs to
+	// the deterministic seed key.
+	localWgKey wgtypes.Key
+	peers      map[rp.PeerID]*wireGuardPeer
 }
 
-func NewNetbirdHandler() *NetbirdHandler {
+func NewNetbirdHandler(preSharedKey *[32]byte, localWgKey wgtypes.Key) *NetbirdHandler {
 	return &NetbirdHandler{
-		peers:            map[rp.PeerID]wireGuardPeer{},
-		initializedPeers: map[rp.PeerID]bool{},
+		preSharedKey: preSharedKey,
+		localWgKey:   localWgKey,
+		peers:        map[rp.PeerID]*wireGuardPeer{},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -42,10 +57,16 @@ func (h *NetbirdHandler) SetInterface(iface PresharedKeySetter) {
 	h.iface = iface
 }
 
+// AddPeer registers a peer with the handler. Re-adding a known peer (every
+// reconnection does) keeps its key recovery state.
 func (h *NetbirdHandler) AddPeer(pid rp.PeerID, intf string, pk rp.Key) {
 	h.mu.Lock()
 	defer h.mu.Unlock()
-	h.peers[pid] = wireGuardPeer{
+	if existing, ok := h.peers[pid]; ok && existing.PublicKey == pk {
+		existing.Interface = intf
+		return
+	}
+	h.peers[pid] = &wireGuardPeer{
 		Interface: intf,
 		PublicKey: pk,
 	}
@@ -55,7 +76,6 @@ func (h *NetbirdHandler) RemovePeer(pid rp.PeerID) {
 	h.mu.Lock()
 	defer h.mu.Unlock()
 	delete(h.peers, pid)
-	delete(h.initializedPeers, pid)
 }
 
 // IsPeerInitialized returns true if Rosenpass has completed a handshake
@@ -63,50 +83,120 @@ func (h *NetbirdHandler) RemovePeer(pid rp.PeerID) {
 func (h *NetbirdHandler) IsPeerInitialized(pid rp.PeerID) bool {
 	h.mu.Lock()
 	defer h.mu.Unlock()
-	return h.initializedPeers[pid]
+	peer, ok := h.peers[pid]
+	return ok && peer.initialized
 }
 
+// HandshakeCompleted programs the freshly exchanged output key and resets the
+// peer's key recovery state.
 func (h *NetbirdHandler) HandshakeCompleted(pid rp.PeerID, key rp.Key) {
-	h.outputKey(rp.KeyOutputReasonStale, pid, key)
-}
+	psk := wgtypes.Key(key)
 
-func (h *NetbirdHandler) HandshakeExpired(pid rp.PeerID) {
-	key, _ := rp.GeneratePresharedKey()
-	h.outputKey(rp.KeyOutputReasonStale, pid, key)
-}
-
-func (h *NetbirdHandler) outputKey(_ rp.KeyOutputReason, pid rp.PeerID, psk rp.Key) {
 	h.mu.Lock()
-	iface := h.iface
-	wg, ok := h.peers[pid]
-	isInitialized := h.initializedPeers[pid]
-	h.mu.Unlock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if iface == nil {
-		log.Warn("rosenpass: interface not set, cannot update preshared key")
+	peer, ok := h.peers[pid]
+	if !ok {
 		return
 	}
+	if peer.expiries > 0 {
+		log.Infof("rosenpass exchange completed for peer %s after %d expired renewals", wgtypes.Key(peer.PublicKey), peer.expiries)
+	}
+	// chainKey tracks the shared exchange output regardless of the local write
+	// outcome, so both ends still converge on the next expiry.
+	peer.chainKey = &psk
+	peer.expiries = 0
+	if !h.applyKeyLocked(pid, psk, peer.initialized) {
+		return
+	}
+	peer.initialized = true
+}
 
+// HandshakeExpired replaces the expired key. The renewal exchange runs over
+// the tunnel keyed by the PSK itself, so the replacement must be derivable on
+// both ends without communication: the first expiry ratchets the last shared
+// key forward, repeated expiries (and expiries without a completed exchange)
+// fall back to the rendezvous key and drop the peer out of the initialized
+// state so connection reconfigurations reprogram the rendezvous key as well.
+func (h *NetbirdHandler) HandshakeExpired(pid rp.PeerID) {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	peer, ok := h.peers[pid]
 	if !ok {
 		return
 	}
 
-	peerKey := wgtypes.Key(wg.PublicKey).String()
-	pskKey := wgtypes.Key(psk)
+	peer.expiries++
 
-	// Use updateOnly=true for later rotations (peer already has Rosenpass PSK)
-	// Use updateOnly=false for first rotation (peer has original/empty PSK)
-	if err := iface.SetPresharedKey(peerKey, pskKey, isInitialized); err != nil {
+	var psk wgtypes.Key
+	if peer.chainKey != nil && peer.expiries == 1 {
+		log.Infof("rosenpass key for peer %s expired without renewal, advancing to ratcheted key", wgtypes.Key(peer.PublicKey))
+		psk = RatchetKey(*peer.chainKey)
+		peer.chainKey = &psk
+	} else {
+		rendezvous, err := h.rendezvousKey(peer)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Fail closed: without a rendezvous key the expired key must
+			// still be rotated out, even if the replacement is unusable.
+			log.Errorf("failed to derive rendezvous key, replacing expired key with a random one: %v", err)
+			h.applyRandomKeyLocked(pid)
+			return
+		}
+		log.Warnf("rosenpass key for peer %s expired %d times without renewal, falling back to the rendezvous key", wgtypes.Key(peer.PublicKey), peer.expiries)
+		psk = rendezvous
+		peer.chainKey = nil
+		peer.initialized = false
+	}
+
+	h.applyKeyLocked(pid, psk, true)
+}
+
+// rendezvousKey returns the key both ends converge on without communication:
+// the account-level preshared key when configured, the deterministic seed key
+// otherwise. It mirrors the key that peer connections program when Rosenpass
+// does not manage the peer yet.
+func (h *NetbirdHandler) rendezvousKey(peer *wireGuardPeer) (wgtypes.Key, error) {
+	if h.preSharedKey != nil {
+		return *h.preSharedKey, nil
+	}
+
+	seed, err := DeterministicSeedKey(h.localWgKey.String(), wgtypes.Key(peer.PublicKey).String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return wgtypes.Key{}, err
+	}
+	return *seed, nil
+}
+
+// applyKeyLocked writes the preshared key for the peer to the WireGuard
+// interface and reports whether the write succeeded. Callers must hold h.mu
+// for the whole state-mutation-plus-write so that a concurrent completion and
+// expiry cannot reorder their writes relative to the in-memory chain key.
+func (h *NetbirdHandler) applyKeyLocked(pid rp.PeerID, psk wgtypes.Key, updateOnly bool) bool {
+	peer, ok := h.peers[pid]
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if h.iface == nil {
+		log.Warn("rosenpass: interface not set, cannot update preshared key")
+		return false
+	}
+
+	peerKey := wgtypes.Key(peer.PublicKey).String()
+	if err := h.iface.SetPresharedKey(peerKey, psk, updateOnly); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("Failed to apply rosenpass key: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+func (h *NetbirdHandler) applyRandomKeyLocked(pid rp.PeerID) {
+	key, err := rp.GeneratePresharedKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to generate random preshared key: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
-
-	// Mark peer as isInitialized after the successful first rotation
-	if !isInitialized {
-		h.mu.Lock()
-		if _, exists := h.peers[pid]; exists {
-			h.initializedPeers[pid] = true
-		}
-		h.mu.Unlock()
-	}
+	h.applyKeyLocked(pid, wgtypes.Key(key), true)
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/netbird_handler_test.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/netbird_handler_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d91ba93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/netbird_handler_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+package rosenpass
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	rp "cunicu.li/go-rosenpass"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+)
+
+// handlerTestLink wires two NetbirdHandlers as the two ends of a single
+// tunnel: handler A manages the rosenpass peer B and vice versa, the way two
+// NetBird clients see each other.
+type handlerTestLink struct {
+	handlerA, handlerB *NetbirdHandler
+	ifaceA, ifaceB     *mockIface
+	pidA, pidB         rp.PeerID
+	wgKeyA, wgKeyB     wgtypes.Key
+}
+
+func newHandlerTestLink(t *testing.T, preSharedKey *[32]byte) *handlerTestLink {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	link := &handlerTestLink{
+		ifaceA: &mockIface{},
+		ifaceB: &mockIface{},
+	}
+	link.pidA[0] = 0xaa
+	link.pidB[0] = 0xbb
+	link.wgKeyA[31] = 1
+	link.wgKeyB[31] = 2
+
+	link.handlerA = NewNetbirdHandler(preSharedKey, link.wgKeyA)
+	link.handlerB = NewNetbirdHandler(preSharedKey, link.wgKeyB)
+
+	link.handlerA.SetInterface(link.ifaceA)
+	link.handlerB.SetInterface(link.ifaceB)
+
+	link.handlerA.AddPeer(link.pidB, "wt0", rp.Key(link.wgKeyB))
+	link.handlerB.AddPeer(link.pidA, "wt0", rp.Key(link.wgKeyA))
+
+	return link
+}
+
+// complete simulates a completed rosenpass exchange: both ends derive the
+// same output key.
+func (l *handlerTestLink) complete(osk rp.Key) {
+	l.handlerA.HandshakeCompleted(l.pidB, osk)
+	l.handlerB.HandshakeCompleted(l.pidA, osk)
+}
+
+// expire simulates a failed key renewal on both ends.
+func (l *handlerTestLink) expire() {
+	l.handlerA.HandshakeExpired(l.pidB)
+	l.handlerB.HandshakeExpired(l.pidA)
+}
+
+func lastPSK(t *testing.T, m *mockIface) wgtypes.Key {
+	t.Helper()
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	require.NotEmpty(t, m.calls, "expected at least one SetPresharedKey call")
+	return m.calls[len(m.calls)-1].psk
+}
+
+func TestHandshakeCompleted_SetsKeyAndInitializes(t *testing.T) {
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, nil)
+
+	var osk rp.Key
+	osk[0] = 0x42
+	link.complete(osk)
+
+	require.Equal(t, wgtypes.Key(osk), lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA), "completed exchange must program the osk")
+	require.False(t, link.ifaceA.calls[0].updateOnly, "first rotation must not be update-only")
+	require.True(t, link.handlerA.IsPeerInitialized(link.pidB), "peer must be initialized after first completed exchange")
+
+	link.complete(osk)
+	require.True(t, link.ifaceA.calls[1].updateOnly, "later rotations must be update-only")
+}
+
+// TestHandshakeExpired_BothSidesConverge encodes the core recovery invariant:
+// rosenpass renewals run over the tunnel that the PSK itself keys, so when a
+// renewal fails on both ends, both ends must fall back to the same key or the
+// tunnel can never handshake again.
+func TestHandshakeExpired_BothSidesConverge(t *testing.T) {
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, nil)
+
+	var osk rp.Key
+	osk[0] = 0x42
+	link.complete(osk)
+
+	link.expire()
+	keyA := lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA)
+	keyB := lastPSK(t, link.ifaceB)
+	require.NotEqual(t, wgtypes.Key(osk), keyA, "expired key must be rotated out")
+	require.Equal(t, keyA, keyB, "both ends must converge on the same key after expiry")
+
+	link.expire()
+	require.Equal(t, lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA), lastPSK(t, link.ifaceB),
+		"both ends must still converge after repeated expiries")
+}
+
+// TestHandshakeExpired_ExpiryWithoutCompletionConverges covers the bootstrap
+// case: the initial exchange never completed (the tunnel ran on the rendezvous
+// key), so an expiry must not replace the working key with an unrecoverable
+// one on either end.
+func TestHandshakeExpired_ExpiryWithoutCompletionConverges(t *testing.T) {
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, nil)
+
+	link.expire()
+	require.Equal(t, lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA), lastPSK(t, link.ifaceB),
+		"both ends must converge when the exchange never completed")
+}
+
+// TestHandshakeExpired_RepeatedExpiryClearsInitialized: once renewals keep
+// failing, the peer must drop out of the initialized state so the next
+// connection reconfiguration reprograms the rendezvous key instead of
+// preserving a poisoned rosenpass-managed key.
+func TestHandshakeExpired_RepeatedExpiryClearsInitialized(t *testing.T) {
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, nil)
+
+	var osk rp.Key
+	osk[0] = 0x42
+	link.complete(osk)
+
+	link.expire()
+	link.expire()
+
+	require.False(t, link.handlerA.IsPeerInitialized(link.pidB),
+		"repeated expiries must clear the initialized state")
+	require.False(t, link.handlerB.IsPeerInitialized(link.pidA),
+		"repeated expiries must clear the initialized state")
+}
+
+// TestHandshakeCompleted_AfterExpiryRecovers: a completed exchange after a
+// desync must fully reset the recovery state.
+func TestHandshakeCompleted_AfterExpiryRecovers(t *testing.T) {
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, nil)
+
+	var osk1, osk2 rp.Key
+	osk1[0] = 1
+	osk2[0] = 2
+
+	link.complete(osk1)
+	link.expire()
+	link.expire()
+
+	link.complete(osk2)
+	require.Equal(t, wgtypes.Key(osk2), lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA), "new exchange must program the fresh osk")
+	require.True(t, link.handlerA.IsPeerInitialized(link.pidB), "peer must be initialized again after recovery")
+
+	link.expire()
+	require.Equal(t, lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA), lastPSK(t, link.ifaceB),
+		"recovered link must converge again on the next expiry")
+	require.NotEqual(t, wgtypes.Key(osk2), lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA), "expired key must be rotated out")
+}
+
+// TestHandshakeExpired_FirstExpiryRatchetsLastKey: the first expiry must
+// derive the replacement from the last shared key, so an attacker who only
+// blocks the renewal exchange gains nothing over the previous key.
+func TestHandshakeExpired_FirstExpiryRatchetsLastKey(t *testing.T) {
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, nil)
+
+	var osk rp.Key
+	osk[0] = 0x42
+	link.complete(osk)
+
+	link.expire()
+	require.Equal(t, RatchetKey(wgtypes.Key(osk)), lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA),
+		"first expiry must program the ratcheted key")
+	require.True(t, link.handlerA.IsPeerInitialized(link.pidB),
+		"ratchet step must keep the peer initialized so reconfigurations preserve the key")
+}
+
+// TestHandshakeExpired_RepeatedExpiryFallsBackToSeed: once the ratchet key
+// also fails, both ends must land on the same key that peer connections
+// program for uninitialized peers, so a reconnect completes the recovery.
+func TestHandshakeExpired_RepeatedExpiryFallsBackToSeed(t *testing.T) {
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, nil)
+
+	var osk rp.Key
+	osk[0] = 0x42
+	link.complete(osk)
+
+	link.expire()
+	link.expire()
+
+	seed, err := DeterministicSeedKey(link.wgKeyA.String(), link.wgKeyB.String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, *seed, lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA), "repeated expiry must fall back to the seed key")
+	require.Equal(t, *seed, lastPSK(t, link.ifaceB), "repeated expiry must fall back to the seed key")
+}
+
+// TestHandshakeExpired_ConfiguredPSKUsedAsRendezvous: with an account-level
+// preshared key configured, the fallback must be that key, matching what peer
+// connections program for uninitialized peers.
+func TestHandshakeExpired_ConfiguredPSKUsedAsRendezvous(t *testing.T) {
+	psk := &[32]byte{0x77}
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, psk)
+
+	var osk rp.Key
+	osk[0] = 0x42
+	link.complete(osk)
+
+	link.expire()
+	link.expire()
+
+	require.Equal(t, wgtypes.Key(*psk), lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA),
+		"fallback must be the configured preshared key")
+	require.Equal(t, wgtypes.Key(*psk), lastPSK(t, link.ifaceB),
+		"fallback must be the configured preshared key on both ends")
+}
+
+// TestHandshakeExpired_ExpiryWritesAreUpdateOnly: expiry replacements must
+// never create a WireGuard peer that connection management has removed.
+func TestHandshakeExpired_ExpiryWritesAreUpdateOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, nil)
+
+	var osk rp.Key
+	osk[0] = 0x42
+	link.complete(osk)
+
+	link.expire()
+	link.expire()
+
+	for _, call := range link.ifaceA.calls[1:] {
+		require.True(t, call.updateOnly, "expiry writes must be update-only")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAddPeer_ReAddKeepsRecoveryState: reconnections re-add the peer on every
+// OnConnected; that must not reset the expiry chain state.
+func TestAddPeer_ReAddKeepsRecoveryState(t *testing.T) {
+	link := newHandlerTestLink(t, nil)
+
+	var osk rp.Key
+	osk[0] = 0x42
+	link.complete(osk)
+	link.expire()
+
+	link.handlerA.AddPeer(link.pidB, "wt0", rp.Key(link.wgKeyB))
+	require.True(t, link.handlerA.IsPeerInitialized(link.pidB),
+		"re-adding a known peer must keep its state")
+
+	link.expire()
+	seed, err := DeterministicSeedKey(link.wgKeyA.String(), link.wgKeyB.String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, *seed, lastPSK(t, link.ifaceA),
+		"second expiry after re-add must continue to the seed fallback")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/seed.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/seed.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..052c11ed4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/seed.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package rosenpass
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+)
+
+// ratchetLabel domain-separates the expiry ratchet from other uses of the
+// rosenpass output key.
+const ratchetLabel = "netbird-rosenpass-expiry-ratchet"
+
+// RatchetKey derives the successor preshared key from the previous Rosenpass
+// output key. When a key expires without a completed renewal, both peers
+// advance their last shared key by one ratchet step: the expired key is
+// rotated out while both ends still converge on an identical, non-public
+// replacement without communicating.
+func RatchetKey(prev wgtypes.Key) wgtypes.Key {
+	input := make([]byte, 0, len(ratchetLabel)+len(prev))
+	input = append(input, ratchetLabel...)
+	input = append(input, prev[:]...)
+	return sha256.Sum256(input)
+}
+
+// DeterministicSeedKey derives a 32-byte WireGuard preshared key from a pair
+// of peer public keys. Both peers, given the same key pair, produce the same
+// output regardless of which side runs the function: the inputs are ordered
+// lexicographically before concatenation.
+//
+// NetBird uses this value as the initial Rosenpass-side preshared key when no
+// explicit account-level PSK is configured, so both peers converge on the same
+// PSK before the first post-quantum handshake completes.
+//
+// The resulting key MUST NOT be treated as quantum-safe: it is deterministic
+// from public keys and exists only to seed WireGuard until Rosenpass rotates
+// in a real post-quantum PSK.
+func DeterministicSeedKey(localKey, remoteKey string) (*wgtypes.Key, error) {
+	lk := []byte(localKey)
+	rk := []byte(remoteKey)
+	if len(lk) < 16 || len(rk) < 16 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("rosenpass: peer keys must be at least 16 bytes (got local=%d, remote=%d)", len(lk), len(rk))
+	}
+
+	var keyInput []byte
+	if localKey > remoteKey {
+		keyInput = append(keyInput, lk[:16]...)
+		keyInput = append(keyInput, rk[:16]...)
+	} else {
+		keyInput = append(keyInput, rk[:16]...)
+		keyInput = append(keyInput, lk[:16]...)
+	}
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.NewKey(keyInput)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("rosenpass: deterministic seed key: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &key, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/rosenpass/seed_test.go b/client/internal/rosenpass/seed_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6a9a5991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/rosenpass/seed_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package rosenpass
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestDeterministicSeedKey_SameForBothSides(t *testing.T) {
+	// Peer A and peer B must derive the same PSK regardless of which side
+	// computes it: the function orders inputs internally.
+	a := strings.Repeat("a", 32)
+	b := strings.Repeat("b", 32)
+
+	keyAB, err := DeterministicSeedKey(a, b)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	keyBA, err := DeterministicSeedKey(b, a)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, keyAB.String(), keyBA.String(), "swapping arguments must yield identical key")
+}
+
+func TestDeterministicSeedKey_ChangesWithKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	a := strings.Repeat("a", 32)
+	b := strings.Repeat("b", 32)
+	c := strings.Repeat("c", 32)
+
+	keyAB, err := DeterministicSeedKey(a, b)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	keyAC, err := DeterministicSeedKey(a, c)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEqual(t, keyAB.String(), keyAC.String(), "different peer pair must yield different key")
+}
+
+func TestDeterministicSeedKey_TooShortKey_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	short := "short" // < 16 bytes
+	long := strings.Repeat("x", 32)
+
+	_, err := DeterministicSeedKey(short, long)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	_, err = DeterministicSeedKey(long, short)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/client/client.go b/client/internal/routemanager/client/client.go
index e6ef8b876..c691c54f8 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/client/client.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/client/client.go
@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ package client
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
-	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -566,7 +565,7 @@ func HandlerFromRoute(params common.HandlerParams) RouteHandler {
 		return dnsinterceptor.New(params)
 	case handlerTypeDynamic:
 		dns := nbdns.NewServiceViaMemory(params.WgInterface)
-		dnsAddr := net.JoinHostPort(dns.RuntimeIP().String(), strconv.Itoa(dns.RuntimePort()))
+		dnsAddr := netip.AddrPortFrom(dns.RuntimeIP(), uint16(dns.RuntimePort()))
 		return dynamic.NewRoute(params, dnsAddr)
 	default:
 		return static.NewRoute(params)
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/client/client_bench_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/client/client_bench_test.go
index 591042ac5..668aec427 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/client/client_bench_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/client/client_bench_test.go
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func generateBenchmarkData(tier benchmarkTier) (*peer.Status, map[route.ID]*rout
 		fqdn := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d.example.com", i)
 		ip := fmt.Sprintf("10.0.%d.%d", i/256, i%256)
 
-		err := statusRecorder.AddPeer(peerKey, fqdn, ip)
+		err := statusRecorder.AddPeer(peerKey, fqdn, ip, "")
 		if err != nil {
 			panic(fmt.Sprintf("failed to add peer: %v", err))
 		}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/dnsinterceptor/handler.go b/client/internal/routemanager/dnsinterceptor/handler.go
index 64f2a8789..d20f4b944 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/dnsinterceptor/handler.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/dnsinterceptor/handler.go
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) RemoveRoute() error {
 
 			// AllowedIPs should use real IPs
 			if d.currentPeerKey != "" {
-				if _, err := d.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+				if _, err := d.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix, d.currentPeerKey); err != nil {
 					merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %s: %v", prefix, err))
 				}
 			}
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) removeAllowedIP(realPrefix netip.Prefix) error {
 	}
 
 	// AllowedIPs use real IPs
-	if _, err := d.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(realPrefix); err != nil {
+	if _, err := d.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(realPrefix, d.currentPeerKey); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %s: %v", realPrefix, err)
 	}
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) RemoveAllowedIPs() error {
 	for _, prefixes := range d.interceptedDomains {
 		for _, prefix := range prefixes {
 			// AllowedIPs use real IPs
-			if _, err := d.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+			if _, err := d.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix, d.currentPeerKey); err != nil {
 				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %s: %v", prefix, err))
 			}
 		}
@@ -226,12 +226,11 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// pass if non A/AAAA query
-	if r.Question[0].Qtype != dns.TypeA && r.Question[0].Qtype != dns.TypeAAAA {
-		d.continueToNextHandler(w, r, logger, "non A/AAAA query")
-		return
-	}
-
+	// All query types for an intercepted domain are forwarded to the peer's
+	// DNS forwarder, which owns the name. Falling through to the system
+	// resolver would let it answer NXDOMAIN for a name it isn't authoritative
+	// for, poisoning the whole name (including the A/AAAA records the route
+	// does serve). The forwarder answers NODATA for types it cannot resolve.
 	d.mu.RLock()
 	peerKey := d.currentPeerKey
 	d.mu.RUnlock()
@@ -251,6 +250,14 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 		r.MsgHdr.AuthenticatedData = true
 	}
 
+	// Advertise EDNS0 to the forwarder so it may return an Extended DNS Error
+	// describing why a lookup failed. The OPT is stripped from the reply when
+	// the original client did not request EDNS0.
+	hadEdns := r.IsEdns0() != nil
+	if !hadEdns {
+		r.SetEdns0(dns.DefaultMsgSize, false)
+	}
+
 	upstream := net.JoinHostPort(upstreamIP.String(), strconv.FormatUint(uint64(d.forwarderPort.Load()), 10))
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), dnsTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -260,6 +267,13 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) ServeDNS(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	if ede, ok := resutil.ExtractEDE(reply); ok {
+		resutil.SetMeta(w, "ede", fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", ede.InfoCode, ede.ExtraText))
+	}
+	if !hadEdns {
+		resutil.StripOPT(reply)
+	}
+
 	resutil.SetMeta(w, "peer", peerKey)
 
 	reply.Id = r.Id
@@ -278,19 +292,6 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) writeDNSError(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg, logger
 	}
 }
 
-// continueToNextHandler signals the handler chain to try the next handler
-func (d *DnsInterceptor) continueToNextHandler(w dns.ResponseWriter, r *dns.Msg, logger *log.Entry, reason string) {
-	logger.Tracef("continuing to next handler for domain=%s reason=%s", r.Question[0].Name, reason)
-
-	resp := new(dns.Msg)
-	resp.SetRcode(r, dns.RcodeNameError)
-	// Set Zero bit to signal handler chain to continue
-	resp.MsgHdr.Zero = true
-	if err := w.WriteMsg(resp); err != nil {
-		logger.Errorf("failed writing DNS continue response: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
 func (d *DnsInterceptor) getUpstreamIP(peerKey string) (netip.Addr, error) {
 	peerAllowedIP, exists := d.peerStore.AllowedIP(peerKey)
 	if !exists {
@@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) removeDNATMappings(realPrefixes []netip.Prefix, logger
 
 // internalDnatFw checks if the firewall supports internal DNAT
 func (d *DnsInterceptor) internalDnatFw() (internalDNATer, bool) {
-	if d.firewall == nil || runtime.GOOS != "android" {
+	if d.firewall == nil || d.fakeIPManager == nil || runtime.GOOS != "android" {
 		return nil, false
 	}
 	fw, ok := d.firewall.(internalDNATer)
@@ -582,7 +583,7 @@ func (d *DnsInterceptor) queryUpstreamDNS(ctx context.Context, w dns.ResponseWri
 	if nsNet != nil {
 		reply, err = nbdns.ExchangeWithNetstack(ctx, nsNet, r, upstream)
 	} else {
-		client, clientErr := nbdns.GetClientPrivate(d.wgInterface.Address().IP, d.wgInterface.Name(), dnsTimeout)
+		client, clientErr := nbdns.GetClientPrivate(d.wgInterface, upstreamIP, dnsTimeout)
 		if clientErr != nil {
 			d.writeDNSError(w, r, logger, fmt.Sprintf("create DNS client: %v", clientErr))
 			return nil
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route.go b/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route.go
index 8d1398a7a..bb3b1c59c 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route.go
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ type Route struct {
 	cancel               context.CancelFunc
 	statusRecorder       *peer.Status
 	wgInterface          iface.WGIface
-	resolverAddr         string
+	resolverAddr         netip.AddrPort
 }
 
-func NewRoute(params common.HandlerParams, resolverAddr string) *Route {
+func NewRoute(params common.HandlerParams, resolverAddr netip.AddrPort) *Route {
 	return &Route{
 		route:                params.Route,
 		routeRefCounter:      params.RouteRefCounter,
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ func (r *Route) RemoveAllowedIPs() error {
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 	for _, domainPrefixes := range r.dynamicDomains {
 		for _, prefix := range domainPrefixes {
-			if _, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+			if _, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix, r.currentPeerKey); err != nil {
 				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %s: %w", prefix, err))
 			}
 		}
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func (r *Route) startResolver(ctx context.Context) {
 }
 
 func (r *Route) update(ctx context.Context) error {
-	resolved, err := r.resolveDomains()
+	resolved, err := r.resolveDomains(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		if len(resolved) == 0 {
 			return fmt.Errorf("resolve domains: %w", err)
@@ -199,9 +199,9 @@ func (r *Route) update(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *Route) resolveDomains() (domainMap, error) {
+func (r *Route) resolveDomains(ctx context.Context) (domainMap, error) {
 	results := make(chan resolveResult)
-	go r.resolve(results)
+	go r.resolve(ctx, results)
 
 	resolved := domainMap{}
 	var merr *multierror.Error
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ func (r *Route) resolveDomains() (domainMap, error) {
 	return resolved, nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
 }
 
-func (r *Route) resolve(results chan resolveResult) {
+func (r *Route) resolve(ctx context.Context, results chan resolveResult) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 
 	for _, d := range r.route.Domains {
@@ -225,10 +225,10 @@ func (r *Route) resolve(results chan resolveResult) {
 		go func(domain domain.Domain) {
 			defer wg.Done()
 
-			ips, err := r.getIPsFromResolver(domain)
+			ips, err := r.getIPsFromResolver(ctx, domain)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Tracef("Failed to resolve domain %s with private resolver: %v", domain.SafeString(), err)
-				ips, err = net.LookupIP(domain.PunycodeString())
+				ips, err = lookupHostIPs(ctx, domain)
 				if err != nil {
 					results <- resolveResult{domain: domain, err: fmt.Errorf("resolve d %s: %w", domain.SafeString(), err)}
 					return
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ func (r *Route) removeRoutes(prefixes []netip.Prefix) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
 			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove dynamic route for IP %s: %w", prefix, err))
 		}
 		if r.currentPeerKey != "" {
-			if _, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix); err != nil {
+			if _, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(prefix, r.currentPeerKey); err != nil {
 				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %s: %w", prefix, err))
 			}
 		}
@@ -364,6 +364,20 @@ func determinePrefixChanges(oldPrefixes, newPrefixes []netip.Prefix) (toAdd, toR
 	return
 }
 
+// lookupHostIPs resolves d via the system resolver, honoring ctx cancellation.
+func lookupHostIPs(ctx context.Context, d domain.Domain) ([]net.IP, error) {
+	addrs, err := net.DefaultResolver.LookupIPAddr(ctx, d.PunycodeString())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ips := make([]net.IP, 0, len(addrs))
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		ips = append(ips, addr.IP)
+	}
+	return ips, nil
+}
+
 func combinePrefixes(oldPrefixes, removedPrefixes, addedPrefixes []netip.Prefix) []netip.Prefix {
 	prefixSet := make(map[netip.Prefix]struct{})
 	for _, prefix := range oldPrefixes {
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route_generic.go b/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route_generic.go
index 56fd63fba..8bc2dd3df 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route_generic.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route_generic.go
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
 package dynamic
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"net"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
-func (r *Route) getIPsFromResolver(domain domain.Domain) ([]net.IP, error) {
-	return net.LookupIP(domain.PunycodeString())
+func (r *Route) getIPsFromResolver(ctx context.Context, domain domain.Domain) ([]net.IP, error) {
+	return lookupHostIPs(ctx, domain)
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route_ios.go b/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route_ios.go
index 8fed1c8f9..6a3d262b8 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route_ios.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/dynamic/route_ios.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 package dynamic
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"time"
@@ -16,38 +17,48 @@ import (
 
 const dialTimeout = 10 * time.Second
 
-func (r *Route) getIPsFromResolver(domain domain.Domain) ([]net.IP, error) {
-	privateClient, err := nbdns.GetClientPrivate(r.wgInterface.Address().IP, r.wgInterface.Name(), dialTimeout)
+func (r *Route) getIPsFromResolver(ctx context.Context, domain domain.Domain) ([]net.IP, error) {
+	privateClient, err := nbdns.GetClientPrivate(r.wgInterface, r.resolverAddr.Addr(), dialTimeout)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error while creating private client: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	msg := new(dns.Msg)
-	msg.SetQuestion(dns.Fqdn(domain.PunycodeString()), dns.TypeA)
-
+	fqdn := dns.Fqdn(domain.PunycodeString())
 	startTime := time.Now()
 
-	response, _, err := nbdns.ExchangeWithFallback(nil, privateClient, msg, r.resolverAddr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("DNS query for %s failed after %s: %s ", domain.SafeString(), time.Since(startTime), err)
-	}
+	var ips []net.IP
+	var queryErr error
 
-	if response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dns response code: %s", dns.RcodeToString[response.Rcode])
-	}
+	for _, qtype := range []uint16{dns.TypeA, dns.TypeAAAA} {
+		msg := new(dns.Msg)
+		msg.SetQuestion(fqdn, qtype)
 
-	ips := make([]net.IP, 0)
-
-	for _, answ := range response.Answer {
-		if aRecord, ok := answ.(*dns.A); ok {
-			ips = append(ips, aRecord.A)
+		response, _, err := nbdns.ExchangeWithFallback(ctx, privateClient, msg, r.resolverAddr.String())
+		if err != nil {
+			if queryErr == nil {
+				queryErr = fmt.Errorf("DNS query for %s (type %d) after %s: %w", domain.SafeString(), qtype, time.Since(startTime), err)
+			}
+			continue
 		}
-		if aaaaRecord, ok := answ.(*dns.AAAA); ok {
-			ips = append(ips, aaaaRecord.AAAA)
+
+		if response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, answ := range response.Answer {
+			if aRecord, ok := answ.(*dns.A); ok {
+				ips = append(ips, aRecord.A)
+			}
+			if aaaaRecord, ok := answ.(*dns.AAAA); ok {
+				ips = append(ips, aaaaRecord.AAAA)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	if len(ips) == 0 {
+		if queryErr != nil {
+			return nil, queryErr
+		}
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no A or AAAA records found for %s", domain.SafeString())
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/exit_node_selection_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/exit_node_selection_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28dd0a640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/exit_node_selection_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func newExitNodeTestManager() *DefaultManager {
+	return &DefaultManager{routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector()}
+}
+
+func exitRoute(netID, peer string, skipAutoApply bool) *route.Route {
+	return &route.Route{
+		NetID:         route.NetID(netID),
+		Network:       netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+		Peer:          peer,
+		SkipAutoApply: skipAutoApply,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPickPreferredExitNode(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		info exitNodeInfo
+		want route.NetID
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "persisted user selection wins over management",
+			info: exitNodeInfo{
+				allIDs:               []route.NetID{"a", "b", "c"},
+				userSelected:         []route.NetID{"b"},
+				selectedByManagement: []route.NetID{"a"},
+			},
+			want: "b",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple user-selected self-heal to deterministic min",
+			info: exitNodeInfo{
+				allIDs:       []route.NetID{"a", "b", "c"},
+				userSelected: []route.NetID{"c", "a"},
+			},
+			want: "a",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "explicit opt-out keeps none",
+			info: exitNodeInfo{
+				allIDs:         []route.NetID{"a", "b"},
+				userDeselected: []route.NetID{"a", "b"},
+			},
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "fresh defaults to management auto-apply pick",
+			info: exitNodeInfo{
+				allIDs:               []route.NetID{"a", "b", "c"},
+				selectedByManagement: []route.NetID{"b"},
+			},
+			want: "b",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no user pick and no management auto-apply selects none",
+			info: exitNodeInfo{
+				allIDs: []route.NetID{"c", "a", "b"},
+			},
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "user-deselect does not block a management auto-apply sibling",
+			info: exitNodeInfo{
+				allIDs:               []route.NetID{"a", "b"},
+				userDeselected:       []route.NetID{"a"},
+				selectedByManagement: []route.NetID{"b"},
+			},
+			want: "b",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, pickPreferredExitNode(tt.info), "preferred exit node")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnforceSingleExitNode(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newExitNodeTestManager()
+	all := []route.NetID{"a", "b", "c"}
+
+	m.enforceSingleExitNode("b", all)
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("a"), "a should be deselected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("b"), "b should be the only selected exit node")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("c"), "c should be deselected")
+
+	// Switching the preferred node moves the single selection.
+	m.enforceSingleExitNode("c", all)
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("a"), "a stays deselected")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("b"), "b should now be deselected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("c"), "c should now be selected")
+
+	// Empty preferred turns every exit node off.
+	m.enforceSingleExitNode("", all)
+	for _, id := range all {
+		assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected(id), "no exit node should be selected")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnforceSingleExitNode_RespectsDeselectAll(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newExitNodeTestManager()
+	m.routeSelector.DeselectAllRoutes()
+
+	m.enforceSingleExitNode("b", []route.NetID{"a", "b"})
+
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsDeselectAll(), "global deselect-all must stay in effect")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("b"), "no exit node should be forced on while deselect-all is set")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRouteSelectorFromManagement_FreshSelectsOne(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newExitNodeTestManager()
+	routes := route.HAMap{
+		"exitA|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitA", "p1", false)},
+		"exitB|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitB", "p2", false)},
+		"lan|192.168.1.0/24": {{NetID: "lan", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), Peer: "p3"}},
+		"exitC|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitC", "p4", false)},
+	}
+
+	m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+	// Exactly one exit node (the deterministic first) is selected.
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "exitA is the deterministic default")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "exitB must not also be selected")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitC"), "exitC must not also be selected")
+	// Non-exit routes are left at their default-on state.
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("lan"), "non-exit route selection is untouched")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRouteSelectorFromManagement_HonorsPersistedPick(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newExitNodeTestManager()
+	routes := route.HAMap{
+		"exitA|0.0.0.0/0": {exitRoute("exitA", "p1", false)},
+		"exitB|0.0.0.0/0": {exitRoute("exitB", "p2", false)},
+	}
+	all := []route.NetID{"exitA", "exitB"}
+
+	// Simulate the state the runtime select path leaves behind: exactly one
+	// exit node explicitly selected, its sibling deselected.
+	require.NoError(t, m.routeSelector.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitB"}, true, all))
+	require.NoError(t, m.routeSelector.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitA"}, all))
+
+	m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "persisted pick must stay selected")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "the other exit node stays deselected")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRouteSelectorFromManagement_OptOutKeepsNone(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newExitNodeTestManager()
+	routes := route.HAMap{
+		"exitA|0.0.0.0/0": {exitRoute("exitA", "p1", false)},
+		"exitB|0.0.0.0/0": {exitRoute("exitB", "p2", false)},
+	}
+	all := []route.NetID{"exitA", "exitB"}
+
+	// User deselected exit nodes and selected none.
+	require.NoError(t, m.routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(all, all))
+
+	m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "opt-out keeps exitA off")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "opt-out keeps exitB off")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRouteSelectorFromManagement_NoAutoApplySelectsNone(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newExitNodeTestManager()
+	// SkipAutoApply=true: management offers the exit nodes but doesn't request
+	// auto-activation, so none should be selected until the user picks one.
+	routes := route.HAMap{
+		"exitA|0.0.0.0/0": {exitRoute("exitA", "p1", true)},
+		"exitB|0.0.0.0/0": {exitRoute("exitB", "p2", true)},
+	}
+
+	m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "no auto-apply keeps exitA off")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "no auto-apply keeps exitB off")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/fakeip/fakeip.go b/client/internal/routemanager/fakeip/fakeip.go
index 1592045d2..5be4ca12e 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/fakeip/fakeip.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/fakeip/fakeip.go
@@ -1,93 +1,145 @@
 package fakeip
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 )
 
-// Manager manages allocation of fake IPs from the 240.0.0.0/8 block
-type Manager struct {
-	mu         sync.Mutex
-	nextIP     netip.Addr                // Next IP to allocate
+var (
+	// 240.0.0.1 - 240.255.255.254, block 240.0.0.0/8 (reserved, RFC 1112)
+	v4Base  = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 1})
+	v4Max   = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 255, 255, 254})
+	v4Block = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 0}), 8)
+
+	// 0100::1 - 0100::ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe, block 0100::/64 (discard, RFC 6666)
+	v6Base  = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0x01, 0x00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x01})
+	v6Max   = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0x01, 0x00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xfe})
+	v6Block = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0x01, 0x00}), 64)
+)
+
+// fakeIPPool holds the allocation state for a single address family.
+type fakeIPPool struct {
+	nextIP     netip.Addr
+	baseIP     netip.Addr
+	maxIP      netip.Addr
+	block      netip.Prefix
 	allocated  map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr // real IP -> fake IP
 	fakeToReal map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr // fake IP -> real IP
-	baseIP     netip.Addr                // First usable IP: 240.0.0.1
-	maxIP      netip.Addr                // Last usable IP: 240.255.255.254
 }
 
-// NewManager creates a new fake IP manager using 240.0.0.0/8 block
-func NewManager() *Manager {
-	baseIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 1})
-	maxIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 255, 255, 254})
-
-	return &Manager{
-		nextIP:     baseIP,
+func newPool(base, maxAddr netip.Addr, block netip.Prefix) *fakeIPPool {
+	return &fakeIPPool{
+		nextIP:     base,
+		baseIP:     base,
+		maxIP:      maxAddr,
+		block:      block,
 		allocated:  make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr),
 		fakeToReal: make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr),
-		baseIP:     baseIP,
-		maxIP:      maxIP,
 	}
 }
 
-// AllocateFakeIP allocates a fake IP for the given real IP
-// Returns the fake IP, or existing fake IP if already allocated
-func (m *Manager) AllocateFakeIP(realIP netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, error) {
-	if !realIP.Is4() {
-		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("only IPv4 addresses supported")
-	}
-
-	m.mu.Lock()
-	defer m.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if fakeIP, exists := m.allocated[realIP]; exists {
+// allocate allocates a fake IP for the given real IP.
+// Returns the existing fake IP if already allocated.
+func (p *fakeIPPool) allocate(realIP netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	if fakeIP, exists := p.allocated[realIP]; exists {
 		return fakeIP, nil
 	}
 
-	startIP := m.nextIP
+	startIP := p.nextIP
 	for {
-		currentIP := m.nextIP
+		currentIP := p.nextIP
 
 		// Advance to next IP, wrapping at boundary
-		if m.nextIP.Compare(m.maxIP) >= 0 {
-			m.nextIP = m.baseIP
+		if p.nextIP.Compare(p.maxIP) >= 0 {
+			p.nextIP = p.baseIP
 		} else {
-			m.nextIP = m.nextIP.Next()
+			p.nextIP = p.nextIP.Next()
 		}
 
-		// Check if current IP is available
-		if _, inUse := m.fakeToReal[currentIP]; !inUse {
-			m.allocated[realIP] = currentIP
-			m.fakeToReal[currentIP] = realIP
+		if _, inUse := p.fakeToReal[currentIP]; !inUse {
+			p.allocated[realIP] = currentIP
+			p.fakeToReal[currentIP] = realIP
 			return currentIP, nil
 		}
 
-		// Prevent infinite loop if all IPs exhausted
-		if m.nextIP.Compare(startIP) == 0 {
-			return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("no more fake IPs available in 240.0.0.0/8 block")
+		if p.nextIP.Compare(startIP) == 0 {
+			return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("no more fake IPs available in %s block", p.block)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// GetFakeIP returns the fake IP for a real IP if it exists
+// Manager manages allocation of fake IPs for dynamic DNS routes.
+// IPv4 uses 240.0.0.0/8 (reserved), IPv6 uses 0100::/64 (discard, RFC 6666).
+type Manager struct {
+	mu sync.Mutex
+	v4 *fakeIPPool
+	v6 *fakeIPPool
+}
+
+// NewManager creates a new fake IP manager.
+func NewManager() *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		v4: newPool(v4Base, v4Max, v4Block),
+		v6: newPool(v6Base, v6Max, v6Block),
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) pool(ip netip.Addr) *fakeIPPool {
+	if ip.Is6() {
+		return m.v6
+	}
+	return m.v4
+}
+
+// AllocateFakeIP allocates a fake IP for the given real IP.
+func (m *Manager) AllocateFakeIP(realIP netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	realIP = realIP.Unmap()
+	if !realIP.IsValid() {
+		return netip.Addr{}, errors.New("invalid IP address")
+	}
+
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return m.pool(realIP).allocate(realIP)
+}
+
+// GetFakeIP returns the fake IP for a real IP if it exists.
 func (m *Manager) GetFakeIP(realIP netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, bool) {
+	realIP = realIP.Unmap()
+	if !realIP.IsValid() {
+		return netip.Addr{}, false
+	}
+
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 
-	fakeIP, exists := m.allocated[realIP]
-	return fakeIP, exists
+	fakeIP, ok := m.pool(realIP).allocated[realIP]
+	return fakeIP, ok
 }
 
-// GetRealIP returns the real IP for a fake IP if it exists, otherwise false
+// GetRealIP returns the real IP for a fake IP if it exists.
 func (m *Manager) GetRealIP(fakeIP netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, bool) {
+	fakeIP = fakeIP.Unmap()
+	if !fakeIP.IsValid() {
+		return netip.Addr{}, false
+	}
+
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 
-	realIP, exists := m.fakeToReal[fakeIP]
-	return realIP, exists
+	realIP, ok := m.pool(fakeIP).fakeToReal[fakeIP]
+	return realIP, ok
 }
 
-// GetFakeIPBlock returns the fake IP block used by this manager
+// GetFakeIPBlock returns the v4 fake IP block used by this manager.
 func (m *Manager) GetFakeIPBlock() netip.Prefix {
-	return netip.MustParsePrefix("240.0.0.0/8")
+	return m.v4.block
+}
+
+// GetFakeIPv6Block returns the v6 fake IP block used by this manager.
+func (m *Manager) GetFakeIPv6Block() netip.Prefix {
+	return m.v6.block
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/fakeip/fakeip_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/fakeip/fakeip_test.go
index ad3e4bd4e..f554f970d 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/fakeip/fakeip_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/fakeip/fakeip_test.go
@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ import (
 func TestNewManager(t *testing.T) {
 	manager := NewManager()
 
-	if manager.baseIP.String() != "240.0.0.1" {
-		t.Errorf("Expected base IP 240.0.0.1, got %s", manager.baseIP.String())
+	if manager.v4.baseIP.String() != "240.0.0.1" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected v4 base IP 240.0.0.1, got %s", manager.v4.baseIP.String())
 	}
 
-	if manager.maxIP.String() != "240.255.255.254" {
-		t.Errorf("Expected max IP 240.255.255.254, got %s", manager.maxIP.String())
+	if manager.v4.maxIP.String() != "240.255.255.254" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected v4 max IP 240.255.255.254, got %s", manager.v4.maxIP.String())
 	}
 
-	if manager.nextIP.Compare(manager.baseIP) != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("Expected nextIP to start at baseIP")
+	if manager.v6.baseIP.String() != "100::1" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected v6 base IP 100::1, got %s", manager.v6.baseIP.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ func TestAllocateFakeIP(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("Fake IP should be IPv4")
 	}
 
-	// Check it's in the correct range
 	if fakeIP.As4()[0] != 240 {
 		t.Errorf("Fake IP should be in 240.0.0.0/8 range, got %s", fakeIP.String())
 	}
@@ -51,13 +50,31 @@ func TestAllocateFakeIP(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestAllocateFakeIPIPv6Rejection(t *testing.T) {
+func TestAllocateFakeIPv6(t *testing.T) {
 	manager := NewManager()
-	realIPv6 := netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1")
+	realIP := netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1")
 
-	_, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(realIPv6)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Error("Expected error for IPv6 address")
+	fakeIP, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(realIP)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate fake IPv6: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !fakeIP.Is6() {
+		t.Error("Fake IP should be IPv6")
+	}
+
+	if !netip.MustParsePrefix("100::/64").Contains(fakeIP) {
+		t.Errorf("Fake IP should be in 100::/64 range, got %s", fakeIP.String())
+	}
+
+	// Should return same fake IP for same real IP
+	fakeIP2, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(realIP)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to get existing fake IPv6: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if fakeIP.Compare(fakeIP2) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected same fake IP, got %s and %s", fakeIP.String(), fakeIP2.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -65,13 +82,11 @@ func TestGetFakeIP(t *testing.T) {
 	manager := NewManager()
 	realIP := netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1")
 
-	// Should not exist initially
 	_, exists := manager.GetFakeIP(realIP)
 	if exists {
 		t.Error("Fake IP should not exist before allocation")
 	}
 
-	// Allocate and check
 	expectedFakeIP, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(realIP)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate: %v", err)
@@ -87,12 +102,30 @@ func TestGetFakeIP(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestGetRealIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewManager()
+	realIP := netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1")
+
+	fakeIP, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(realIP)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	gotReal, exists := manager.GetRealIP(fakeIP)
+	if !exists {
+		t.Error("Real IP should exist for allocated fake IP")
+	}
+
+	if gotReal.Compare(realIP) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected real IP %s, got %s", realIP, gotReal)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestMultipleAllocations(t *testing.T) {
 	manager := NewManager()
 
 	allocations := make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr)
 
-	// Allocate multiple IPs
 	for i := 1; i <= 100; i++ {
 		realIP := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{10, 0, byte(i / 256), byte(i % 256)})
 		fakeIP, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(realIP)
@@ -100,7 +133,6 @@ func TestMultipleAllocations(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate fake IP for %s: %v", realIP.String(), err)
 		}
 
-		// Check for duplicates
 		for _, existingFake := range allocations {
 			if fakeIP.Compare(existingFake) == 0 {
 				t.Errorf("Duplicate fake IP allocated: %s", fakeIP.String())
@@ -110,7 +142,6 @@ func TestMultipleAllocations(t *testing.T) {
 		allocations[realIP] = fakeIP
 	}
 
-	// Verify all allocations can be retrieved
 	for realIP, expectedFake := range allocations {
 		actualFake, exists := manager.GetFakeIP(realIP)
 		if !exists {
@@ -124,11 +155,13 @@ func TestMultipleAllocations(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestGetFakeIPBlock(t *testing.T) {
 	manager := NewManager()
-	block := manager.GetFakeIPBlock()
 
-	expected := "240.0.0.0/8"
-	if block.String() != expected {
-		t.Errorf("Expected %s, got %s", expected, block.String())
+	if block := manager.GetFakeIPBlock(); block.String() != "240.0.0.0/8" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 240.0.0.0/8, got %s", block.String())
+	}
+
+	if block := manager.GetFakeIPv6Block(); block.String() != "100::/64" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 100::/64, got %s", block.String())
 	}
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +174,6 @@ func TestConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	results := make(chan netip.Addr, numGoroutines*allocationsPerGoroutine)
 
-	// Concurrent allocations
 	for i := 0; i < numGoroutines; i++ {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func(goroutineID int) {
@@ -161,7 +193,6 @@ func TestConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 	close(results)
 
-	// Check for duplicates
 	seen := make(map[netip.Addr]bool)
 	count := 0
 	for fakeIP := range results {
@@ -178,47 +209,61 @@ func TestConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestIPExhaustion(t *testing.T) {
-	// Create a manager with limited range for testing
 	manager := &Manager{
-		nextIP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 1}),
-		allocated:  make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr),
-		fakeToReal: make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr),
-		baseIP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 1}),
-		maxIP:      netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 3}), // Only 3 IPs available
+		v4: newPool(
+			netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 1}),
+			netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 3}),
+			netip.MustParsePrefix("240.0.0.0/8"),
+		),
+		v6: newPool(
+			netip.MustParseAddr("100::1"),
+			netip.MustParseAddr("100::3"),
+			netip.MustParsePrefix("100::/64"),
+		),
 	}
 
-	// Allocate all available IPs
-	realIPs := []netip.Addr{
-		netip.MustParseAddr("1.0.0.1"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("1.0.0.2"),
-		netip.MustParseAddr("1.0.0.3"),
-	}
-
-	for _, realIP := range realIPs {
-		_, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(realIP)
+	for _, realIP := range []string{"1.0.0.1", "1.0.0.2", "1.0.0.3"} {
+		_, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(netip.MustParseAddr(realIP))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate fake IP: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Try to allocate one more - should fail
 	_, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(netip.MustParseAddr("1.0.0.4"))
 	if err == nil {
-		t.Error("Expected exhaustion error")
+		t.Error("Expected v4 exhaustion error")
+	}
+
+	// Same for v6
+	for _, realIP := range []string{"2001:db8::1", "2001:db8::2", "2001:db8::3"} {
+		_, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(netip.MustParseAddr(realIP))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate fake IPv6: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, err = manager.AllocateFakeIP(netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::4"))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("Expected v6 exhaustion error")
 	}
 }
 
 func TestWrapAround(t *testing.T) {
-	// Create manager starting near the end of range
 	manager := &Manager{
-		nextIP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 254}),
-		allocated:  make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr),
-		fakeToReal: make(map[netip.Addr]netip.Addr),
-		baseIP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 1}),
-		maxIP:      netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 254}),
+		v4: newPool(
+			netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 1}),
+			netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 254}),
+			netip.MustParsePrefix("240.0.0.0/8"),
+		),
+		v6: newPool(
+			netip.MustParseAddr("100::1"),
+			netip.MustParseAddr("100::ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe"),
+			netip.MustParsePrefix("100::/64"),
+		),
 	}
+	// Start near the end
+	manager.v4.nextIP = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{240, 0, 0, 254})
 
-	// Allocate the last IP
 	fakeIP1, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(netip.MustParseAddr("1.0.0.1"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate first IP: %v", err)
@@ -228,7 +273,6 @@ func TestWrapAround(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected 240.0.0.254, got %s", fakeIP1.String())
 	}
 
-	// Next allocation should wrap around to the beginning
 	fakeIP2, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(netip.MustParseAddr("1.0.0.2"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate second IP: %v", err)
@@ -238,3 +282,32 @@ func TestWrapAround(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected 240.0.0.1 after wrap, got %s", fakeIP2.String())
 	}
 }
+
+func TestMixedV4V6(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewManager()
+
+	v4Fake, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate v4: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	v6Fake, err := manager.AllocateFakeIP(netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to allocate v6: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !v4Fake.Is4() || !v6Fake.Is6() {
+		t.Errorf("Wrong families: v4=%s v6=%s", v4Fake, v6Fake)
+	}
+
+	// Reverse lookups should work for both
+	gotV4, ok := manager.GetRealIP(v4Fake)
+	if !ok || gotV4.String() != "8.8.8.8" {
+		t.Errorf("v4 reverse lookup failed: got %s, ok=%v", gotV4, ok)
+	}
+
+	gotV6, ok := manager.GetRealIP(v6Fake)
+	if !ok || gotV6.String() != "2001:db8::1" {
+		t.Errorf("v6 reverse lookup failed: got %s, ok=%v", gotV6, ok)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate/ipfwdstate.go b/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate/ipfwdstate.go
index da81c18f9..3d571e16b 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate/ipfwdstate.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate/ipfwdstate.go
@@ -2,50 +2,183 @@ package ipfwdstate
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/systemops"
 )
 
-// IPForwardingState is a struct that keeps track of the IP forwarding state.
-// todo: read initial state of the IP forwarding from the system and reset the state based on it
+// IPForwardingState tracks v4 and v6 IP-forwarding sysctl enables with
+// independent refcounts so a v4-only routing setup doesn't flip v6 sysctls.
 type IPForwardingState struct {
-	enabledCounter int
+	mu sync.Mutex
+
+	v4Count int
+	v6Count int
+
+	// routingV4/routingV6 track whether the routing path currently holds a
+	// reference, so repeated EnableRouting calls (one per network-map update)
+	// hold at most one reference per family and an unpaired DisableRouting
+	// can't release references held by DNAT rules.
+	routingV4 bool
+	routingV6 bool
+
+	wgIfaceName string
+	v6Saved     map[string]int
 }
 
-func NewIPForwardingState() *IPForwardingState {
-	return &IPForwardingState{}
+// NewIPForwardingState returns a state tracker for the IP-forwarding sysctls.
+// wgIfaceName is excluded from the per-interface accept_ra handling.
+func NewIPForwardingState(wgIfaceName string) *IPForwardingState {
+	return &IPForwardingState{wgIfaceName: wgIfaceName}
 }
 
-func (f *IPForwardingState) RequestForwarding() error {
-	if f.enabledCounter != 0 {
-		f.enabledCounter++
+// Counts returns the current v4 and v6 refcounts. Intended for diagnostics
+// and tests.
+func (f *IPForwardingState) Counts() (v4, v6 int) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	return f.v4Count, f.v6Count
+}
+
+// RequestRouting takes the forwarding references for the routing path. It is
+// idempotent: while routing already holds a reference, further calls don't
+// increment the refcounts, and a v4-only request releases a previously held v6
+// reference. A v6 sysctl failure is logged and not returned so it can't take
+// down v4 routing (the sysctl may be unwritable, e.g. read-only /proc/sys or
+// IPv6 disabled on the kernel command line); v6 is retried on the next call.
+func (f *IPForwardingState) RequestRouting(v6 bool) error {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !f.routingV4 {
+		if err := f.requestV4(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		f.routingV4 = true
+	}
+
+	if !v6 {
+		if !f.routingV6 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		f.routingV6 = false
+		return f.releaseV6()
+	}
+
+	if f.routingV6 {
 		return nil
 	}
-
-	if err := systemops.EnableIPForwarding(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to enable IP forwarding with sysctl: %w", err)
+	if err := f.requestV6(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("enable IPv6 forwarding for routing: %v", err)
+		return nil
 	}
-	f.enabledCounter = 1
-	log.Info("IP forwarding enabled")
-
+	f.routingV6 = true
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (f *IPForwardingState) ReleaseForwarding() error {
-	if f.enabledCounter == 0 {
-		return nil
+// ReleaseRouting releases the references RequestRouting holds. Calls without a
+// held reference are no-ops.
+func (f *IPForwardingState) ReleaseRouting() error {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if f.routingV4 {
+		f.routingV4 = false
+		f.releaseV4()
 	}
-
-	if f.enabledCounter > 1 {
-		f.enabledCounter--
-		return nil
+	if f.routingV6 {
+		f.routingV6 = false
+		return f.releaseV6()
 	}
+	return nil
+}
 
-	// if failed to disable IP forwarding we anyway decrement the counter
-	f.enabledCounter = 0
+// RequestForwarding enables the family's forwarding sysctl on first request.
+func (f *IPForwardingState) RequestForwarding(v6 bool) error {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
 
-	// todo call systemops.DisableIPForwarding()
+	if v6 {
+		return f.requestV6()
+	}
+	return f.requestV4()
+}
+
+// ReleaseForwarding decrements the family counter. The last v6 release restores
+// what enable captured. v4 stays on: net.ipv4.ip_forward is co-owned by other
+// tooling (docker, k8s, libvirt).
+func (f *IPForwardingState) ReleaseForwarding(v6 bool) error {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if v6 {
+		return f.releaseV6()
+	}
+	f.releaseV4()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *IPForwardingState) requestV4() error {
+	if f.v4Count == 0 {
+		if err := systemops.EnableV4IPForwarding(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("enable IPv4 forwarding: %w", err)
+		}
+		log.Info("IPv4 forwarding enabled")
+	}
+	f.v4Count++
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *IPForwardingState) releaseV4() {
+	if f.v4Count > 0 {
+		f.v4Count--
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *IPForwardingState) requestV6() error {
+	if f.v6Count == 0 {
+		saved, err := systemops.EnableV6IPForwarding(f.wgIfaceName)
+		if err != nil {
+			if rerr := systemops.DisableV6IPForwarding(saved); rerr != nil {
+				log.Warnf("rollback partial v6 sysctls: %v", rerr)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("enable IPv6 forwarding: %w", err)
+		}
+		// A failed restore on a previous release keeps its saved values; those
+		// are the true originals, so keep them over what this enable captured.
+		if f.v6Saved == nil {
+			f.v6Saved = saved
+		} else {
+			for k, v := range saved {
+				if _, ok := f.v6Saved[k]; !ok {
+					f.v6Saved[k] = v
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		log.Info("IPv6 forwarding enabled")
+	}
+	f.v6Count++
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *IPForwardingState) releaseV6() error {
+	if f.v6Count == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	f.v6Count--
+	if f.v6Count > 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Keep the saved values on failure so a later release or enable/release
+	// cycle can still restore them; re-restoring an already-restored key is a
+	// no-op since the sysctl already holds the desired value.
+	if err := systemops.DisableV6IPForwarding(f.v6Saved); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("disable IPv6 forwarding: %w", err)
+	}
+	f.v6Saved = nil
+	log.Info("IPv6 forwarding disabled")
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate/ipfwdstate_privileged_linux_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate/ipfwdstate_privileged_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4615ff02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/ipfwdstate/ipfwdstate_privileged_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package ipfwdstate
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestRequestRoutingV6ToV4Transition verifies that a v4-only routing request
+// releases a previously held routing-owned v6 reference without touching
+// references held by DNAT rules.
+func TestRequestRoutingV6ToV4Transition(t *testing.T) {
+	f := NewIPForwardingState("wt-fwd-test")
+
+	require.NoError(t, f.RequestRouting(true), "request routing with v6")
+	v4, v6 := f.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "v4 reference held")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "v6 reference held")
+
+	require.NoError(t, f.RequestRouting(false), "request routing v4-only")
+	v4, v6 = f.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v4, "v4 reference kept")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "routing-owned v6 reference released")
+
+	// A DNAT-held reference survives a v4-only routing request.
+	require.NoError(t, f.RequestForwarding(true), "dnat v6 reference")
+	require.NoError(t, f.RequestRouting(false), "repeat v4-only request")
+	_, v6 = f.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, v6, "dnat-held v6 reference survives")
+	require.NoError(t, f.ReleaseForwarding(true), "release dnat v6 reference")
+
+	require.NoError(t, f.ReleaseRouting(), "release routing")
+	v4, v6 = f.Counts()
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v4, "all v4 references released")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, v6, "all v6 references released")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go b/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go
index 3923e153b..981b0c987 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/manager.go
@@ -9,11 +9,13 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"runtime"
 	"slices"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
@@ -50,14 +52,20 @@ type Manager interface {
 	UpdateRoutes(updateSerial uint64, serverRoutes map[route.ID]*route.Route, clientRoutes route.HAMap, useNewDNSRoute bool) error
 	ClassifyRoutes(newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap)
 	TriggerSelection(route.HAMap)
+	SelectRoutes(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error
+	DeselectRoutes(ids []route.NetID) error
+	SelectAllRoutes()
+	DeselectAllRoutes()
 	GetRouteSelector() *routeselector.RouteSelector
 	GetClientRoutes() route.HAMap
 	GetSelectedClientRoutes() route.HAMap
+	GetActiveClientRoutes() route.HAMap
 	GetClientRoutesWithNetID() map[route.NetID][]*route.Route
 	SetRouteChangeListener(listener listener.NetworkChangeListener)
-	InitialRouteRange() []string
+	CurrentRouteRange() []string
 	SetFirewall(firewall.Manager) error
 	SetDNSForwarderPort(port uint16)
+	ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs(peerKey string) error
 	Stop(stateManager *statemanager.Manager)
 }
 
@@ -68,10 +76,8 @@ type ManagerConfig struct {
 	WGInterface         iface.WGIface
 	StatusRecorder      *peer.Status
 	RelayManager        *relayClient.Manager
-	InitialRoutes       []*route.Route
 	StateManager        *statemanager.Manager
 	DNSServer           dns.Server
-	DNSFeatureFlag      bool
 	PeerStore           *peerstore.Store
 	DisableClientRoutes bool
 	DisableServerRoutes bool
@@ -141,37 +147,12 @@ func NewManager(config ManagerConfig) *DefaultManager {
 	useNoop := netstack.IsEnabled() || config.DisableClientRoutes
 	dm.setupRefCounters(useNoop)
 
-	// don't proceed with client routes if it is disabled
-	if config.DisableClientRoutes {
-		return dm
-	}
-
-	if runtime.GOOS == "android" {
-		dm.setupAndroidRoutes(config)
-	}
 	return dm
 }
-func (m *DefaultManager) setupAndroidRoutes(config ManagerConfig) {
-	cr := m.initialClientRoutes(config.InitialRoutes)
 
-	routesForComparison := slices.Clone(cr)
-
-	if config.DNSFeatureFlag {
-		m.fakeIPManager = fakeip.NewManager()
-
-		id := uuid.NewString()
-		fakeIPRoute := &route.Route{
-			ID:          route.ID(id),
-			Network:     m.fakeIPManager.GetFakeIPBlock(),
-			NetID:       route.NetID(id),
-			Peer:        m.pubKey,
-			NetworkType: route.IPv4Network,
-		}
-		cr = append(cr, fakeIPRoute)
-		m.notifier.SetFakeIPRoute(fakeIPRoute)
-	}
-
-	m.notifier.SetInitialClientRoutes(cr, routesForComparison)
+func (m *DefaultManager) enableFakeIPRoutes() {
+	m.fakeIPManager = fakeip.NewManager()
+	m.notifier.NotifyRouteChange()
 }
 
 func (m *DefaultManager) setupRefCounters(useNoop bool) {
@@ -204,7 +185,7 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) setupRefCounters(useNoop bool) {
 		)
 	}
 
-	m.allowedIPsRefCounter = refcounter.New(
+	m.allowedIPsRefCounter = refcounter.NewAllowedIPs(
 		func(prefix netip.Prefix, peerKey string) (string, error) {
 			// save peerKey to use it in the remove function
 			return peerKey, m.wgInterface.AddAllowedIP(peerKey, prefix)
@@ -221,6 +202,30 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) setupRefCounters(useNoop bool) {
 	)
 }
 
+// ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs re-applies every routed allowed IP currently tracked for the peer
+// onto the WireGuard device. The allowed-IP refcounter only calls its AddFunc (which pushes to
+// the device) on a prefix's 0->1 transition, so a peer whose device entry was rebuilt without a
+// matching refcounter change — e.g. a lazy connection cycling through idle->wake, which recreates
+// the WireGuard peer with the overlay /32 only — ends up missing routed prefixes the refcounter
+// still considers installed, and nothing retries. Calling this when the peer's WireGuard entry is
+// (re)created restores convergence. It is add-only and idempotent: AddAllowedIP is update-only, so
+// prefixes are re-added to an existing peer and an absent peer is left untouched.
+func (m *DefaultManager) ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs(peerKey string) error {
+	if m.allowedIPsRefCounter == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return m.allowedIPsRefCounter.ReapplyMatching(
+		func(out string) bool { return out == peerKey },
+		func(prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+			if err := m.wgInterface.AddAllowedIP(peerKey, prefix); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("add allowed IP %s for peer %s: %w", prefix, peerKey, err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+	)
+}
+
 // Init sets up the routing
 func (m *DefaultManager) Init() error {
 	m.routeSelector = m.initSelector()
@@ -254,7 +259,11 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) initSelector() *routeselector.RouteSelector {
 
 	// restore selector state if it exists
 	if err := m.stateManager.LoadState(state); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to load state: %v", err)
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.ENOSYS) {
+			log.Debugf("route selector state unavailable on this platform: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("failed to load state: %v", err)
+		}
 		return routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
 	}
 
@@ -323,6 +332,8 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) Stop(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	m.notifier.Close()
+
 	m.mux.Lock()
 	defer m.mux.Unlock()
 	m.clientRoutes = nil
@@ -418,6 +429,9 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) UpdateRoutes(
 
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 	if !m.disableClientRoutes {
+		if runtime.GOOS == "android" && useNewDNSRoute && m.fakeIPManager == nil {
+			m.enableFakeIPRoutes()
+		}
 
 		// Update route selector based on management server's isSelected status
 		m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(clientRoutes)
@@ -430,6 +444,11 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) UpdateRoutes(
 
 		m.updateClientNetworks(updateSerial, filteredClientRoutes)
 		m.notifier.OnNewRoutes(filteredClientRoutes)
+		// A new network map can add or drop route/exit-node candidates without
+		// touching any peer's chosen-route state, so the peer status alone
+		// wouldn't notify SubscribeStatus subscribers. Bump the revision so the
+		// UI re-fetches ListNetworks.
+		m.statusRecorder.BumpNetworksRevision()
 	}
 	m.clientRoutes = clientRoutes
 
@@ -449,9 +468,18 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) SetRouteChangeListener(listener listener.NetworkChangeL
 	m.notifier.SetListener(listener)
 }
 
-// InitialRouteRange return the list of initial routes. It used by mobile systems
-func (m *DefaultManager) InitialRouteRange() []string {
-	return m.notifier.GetInitialRouteRanges()
+// CurrentRouteRange returns the current TUN route list. It is used by mobile systems
+func (m *DefaultManager) CurrentRouteRange() []string {
+	m.mux.Lock()
+	defer m.mux.Unlock()
+
+	nets := m.overlayNetworks()
+	if !m.disableClientRoutes {
+		nets = append(nets, m.clientRouteRange()...)
+	}
+
+	sort.Strings(nets)
+	return slices.Compact(nets)
 }
 
 // GetRouteSelector returns the route selector
@@ -477,6 +505,39 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) GetSelectedClientRoutes() route.HAMap {
 	return m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(maps.Clone(m.clientRoutes))
 }
 
+// GetActiveClientRoutes returns the subset of selected client routes
+// that are currently reachable: the route's peer is Connected and is
+// the one actively carrying the route (not just an HA sibling).
+func (m *DefaultManager) GetActiveClientRoutes() route.HAMap {
+	m.mux.Lock()
+	selected := m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(maps.Clone(m.clientRoutes))
+	recorder := m.statusRecorder
+	m.mux.Unlock()
+
+	if recorder == nil {
+		return selected
+	}
+
+	out := make(route.HAMap, len(selected))
+	for id, routes := range selected {
+		for _, r := range routes {
+			st, err := recorder.GetPeer(r.Peer)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if st.ConnStatus != peer.StatusConnected {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, hasRoute := st.GetRoutes()[r.Network.String()]; !hasRoute {
+				continue
+			}
+			out[id] = routes
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
 // GetClientRoutesWithNetID returns the current routes from the route map, but the keys consist of the network ID only
 func (m *DefaultManager) GetClientRoutesWithNetID() map[route.NetID][]*route.Route {
 	m.mux.Lock()
@@ -537,6 +598,10 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) TriggerSelection(networks route.HAMap) {
 	if err := m.stateManager.UpdateState((*SelectorState)(m.routeSelector)); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to update state: %v", err)
 	}
+
+	// A selection change flips Network.selected without altering the candidate
+	// set, so bump the revision to push the new state to the UI.
+	m.statusRecorder.BumpNetworksRevision()
 }
 
 // stopObsoleteClients stops the client network watcher for the networks that are not in the new list
@@ -612,16 +677,6 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) ClassifyRoutes(newRoutes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]
 	return newServerRoutesMap, newClientRoutesIDMap
 }
 
-func (m *DefaultManager) initialClientRoutes(initialRoutes []*route.Route) []*route.Route {
-	_, crMap := m.ClassifyRoutes(initialRoutes)
-	rs := make([]*route.Route, 0, len(crMap))
-	for _, routes := range crMap {
-		rs = append(rs, routes...)
-	}
-
-	return rs
-}
-
 func isRouteSupported(route *route.Route) bool {
 	if netstack.IsEnabled() || !nbnet.CustomRoutingDisabled() || route.IsDynamic() {
 		return true
@@ -656,15 +711,49 @@ func resolveURLsToIPs(urls []string) []net.IP {
 	return ips
 }
 
-// updateRouteSelectorFromManagement updates the route selector based on the isSelected status from the management server
+// updateRouteSelectorFromManagement reconciles exit-node selection on every
+// network map: it keeps at most one exit node selected — the user's persisted
+// pick, else whatever management marks for auto-apply (SkipAutoApply=false),
+// else none. We never auto-activate an exit node the map doesn't request; it
+// stays off until the user picks it. Exit nodes are mutually exclusive, but the
+// RouteSelector stores routes with default-on semantics, so without this every
+// available exit node would report selected at once.
 func (m *DefaultManager) updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(clientRoutes route.HAMap) {
-	exitNodeInfo := m.collectExitNodeInfo(clientRoutes)
-	if len(exitNodeInfo.allIDs) == 0 {
+	m.mirrorV6ExitPairSelections(clientRoutes)
+
+	// An explicit user "deselect all" must not be overridden by management auto-apply.
+	// Auto-applying an exit node here would call SelectRoutes, which clears the
+	// deselect-all flag and re-enables every route the user turned off.
+	if m.routeSelector.IsDeselectAll() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	m.updateExitNodeSelections(exitNodeInfo)
-	m.logExitNodeUpdate(exitNodeInfo)
+	info := m.collectExitNodeInfo(clientRoutes)
+	if len(info.allIDs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	preferred := pickPreferredExitNode(info)
+	m.enforceSingleExitNode(preferred, info.allIDs)
+	m.logExitNodeUpdate(info, preferred)
+}
+
+// mirrorV6ExitPairSelections keeps every synthesized "-v6" exit route's selection
+// consistent with its v4 base. The v4/v6 exit pair is a single toggle, so the v6
+// entry always follows the base: deselecting the v4 exit node also drops its ::/0
+// pair, and any stale (orphaned) explicit selection on the v6 entry is reset. This
+// runs before selection is read so both collectExitNodeInfo and FilterSelectedExitNodes
+// see consistent state, including pairs loaded from persisted selector state.
+func (m *DefaultManager) mirrorV6ExitPairSelections(clientRoutes route.HAMap) {
+	routesByNetID := make(map[route.NetID][]*route.Route, len(clientRoutes))
+	for haID, routes := range clientRoutes {
+		routesByNetID[haID.NetID()] = routes
+	}
+
+	for v6ID := range route.V6ExitMergeSet(routesByNetID) {
+		baseID := route.NetID(strings.TrimSuffix(string(v6ID), route.V6ExitSuffix))
+		m.routeSelector.SyncPairedSelection(baseID, v6ID)
+	}
 }
 
 type exitNodeInfo struct {
@@ -674,15 +763,22 @@ type exitNodeInfo struct {
 	userDeselected       []route.NetID
 }
 
+// collectExitNodeInfo categorises the available exit nodes by their persisted
+// selection state. It keys on the base (v4) NetID and skips the synthesized
+// "-v6" partner, which inherits its base's selection through the RouteSelector
+// — counting it separately would double-count the pair.
 func (m *DefaultManager) collectExitNodeInfo(clientRoutes route.HAMap) exitNodeInfo {
 	var info exitNodeInfo
 
 	for haID, routes := range clientRoutes {
-		if !m.isExitNodeRoute(routes) {
+		if !isExitNodeRoutes(routes) {
 			continue
 		}
 
 		netID := haID.NetID()
+		if strings.HasSuffix(string(netID), route.V6ExitSuffix) {
+			continue
+		}
 		info.allIDs = append(info.allIDs, netID)
 
 		if m.routeSelector.HasUserSelectionForRoute(netID) {
@@ -695,10 +791,6 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) collectExitNodeInfo(clientRoutes route.HAMap) exitNodeI
 	return info
 }
 
-func (m *DefaultManager) isExitNodeRoute(routes []*route.Route) bool {
-	return len(routes) > 0 && routes[0].Network.String() == vars.ExitNodeCIDR
-}
-
 func (m *DefaultManager) categorizeUserSelection(netID route.NetID, info *exitNodeInfo) {
 	if m.routeSelector.IsSelected(netID) {
 		info.userSelected = append(info.userSelected, netID)
@@ -716,45 +808,88 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) checkManagementSelection(routes []*route.Route, netID r
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *DefaultManager) updateExitNodeSelections(info exitNodeInfo) {
-	routesToDeselect := m.getRoutesToDeselect(info.allIDs)
-	m.deselectExitNodes(routesToDeselect)
-	m.selectExitNodesByManagement(info.selectedByManagement, info.allIDs)
+// pickPreferredExitNode chooses the single exit node to keep selected. In order:
+//   - a persisted user selection wins (deterministic if several survive from
+//     legacy state, so the set self-heals down to one);
+//   - otherwise activate only what management marks for auto-apply
+//     (SkipAutoApply=false); the lexicographically first if it marks several.
+//
+// Returns "" when neither holds — we never force an arbitrary exit node on. A
+// route the map doesn't auto-apply stays off until the user selects it.
+// info.userDeselected is informational only: an explicit deselect simply keeps
+// that route out of both lists above, so it can't be picked.
+func pickPreferredExitNode(info exitNodeInfo) route.NetID {
+	if len(info.userSelected) > 0 {
+		return minNetID(info.userSelected)
+	}
+	if len(info.selectedByManagement) > 0 {
+		return minNetID(info.selectedByManagement)
+	}
+	return ""
 }
 
-func (m *DefaultManager) getRoutesToDeselect(allIDs []route.NetID) []route.NetID {
-	var routesToDeselect []route.NetID
-	for _, netID := range allIDs {
-		if !m.routeSelector.HasUserSelectionForRoute(netID) {
-			routesToDeselect = append(routesToDeselect, netID)
+// enforceSingleExitNode makes preferred the only selected exit node: every other
+// available exit node is deselected and preferred (if any) is selected, without
+// disturbing non-exit route selections. The whole reconciliation runs under a
+// single RouteSelector lock (SetExclusiveExitNode) so a concurrent deselect-all
+// cannot interleave and get undone; a global deselect-all is left untouched so
+// the user's "all off" stays in effect.
+func (m *DefaultManager) enforceSingleExitNode(preferred route.NetID, allIDs []route.NetID) {
+	m.routeSelector.SetExclusiveExitNode(preferred, allIDs)
+}
+
+func (m *DefaultManager) logExitNodeUpdate(info exitNodeInfo, preferred route.NetID) {
+	log.Debugf("Exit node selection: %d available, preferred=%q (%d user-selected, %d user-deselected, %d management-selected)",
+		len(info.allIDs), preferred, len(info.userSelected), len(info.userDeselected), len(info.selectedByManagement))
+}
+
+// overlayNetworks returns the v4 and v6 overlay networks of the WireGuard interface, each only when it is set.
+func (m *DefaultManager) overlayNetworks() []string {
+	if m.wgInterface == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	addr := m.wgInterface.Address()
+	var nets []string
+	if addr.Network.IsValid() {
+		nets = append(nets, addr.Network.String())
+	}
+	if addr.IPv6Net.IsValid() {
+		nets = append(nets, addr.IPv6Net.String())
+	}
+	return nets
+}
+
+// clientRouteRange returns the static client route networks of the selected exit nodes together with the fake IP blocks.
+func (m *DefaultManager) clientRouteRange() []string {
+	filtered := m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(m.clientRoutes)
+	var nets []string
+	for _, routes := range filtered {
+		for _, r := range routes {
+			if r.IsDynamic() {
+				continue
+			}
+			nets = append(nets, r.NetString())
 		}
 	}
-	return routesToDeselect
+
+	if m.fakeIPManager != nil {
+		nets = append(nets, m.fakeIPManager.GetFakeIPBlock().String(), m.fakeIPManager.GetFakeIPv6Block().String())
+	}
+	return nets
 }
 
-func (m *DefaultManager) deselectExitNodes(routesToDeselect []route.NetID) {
-	if len(routesToDeselect) == 0 {
-		return
+// minNetID returns the lexicographically smallest NetID, for a deterministic
+// default pick that stays stable across restarts.
+func minNetID(ids []route.NetID) route.NetID {
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		return ""
 	}
-
-	err := m.routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(routesToDeselect, routesToDeselect)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("Failed to deselect exit nodes: %v", err)
+	best := ids[0]
+	for _, id := range ids[1:] {
+		if id < best {
+			best = id
+		}
 	}
-}
-
-func (m *DefaultManager) selectExitNodesByManagement(selectedByManagement []route.NetID, allIDs []route.NetID) {
-	if len(selectedByManagement) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	err := m.routeSelector.SelectRoutes(selectedByManagement, true, allIDs)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("Failed to select exit nodes: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *DefaultManager) logExitNodeUpdate(info exitNodeInfo) {
-	log.Debugf("Updated route selector: %d exit nodes available, %d selected by management, %d user-selected, %d user-deselected",
-		len(info.allIDs), len(info.selectedByManagement), len(info.userSelected), len(info.userDeselected))
+	return best
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go
index 3697545ae..18b44820a 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/manager_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package routemanager
 
 import (
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
@@ -409,7 +412,7 @@ func TestManagerUpdateRoutes(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
 				IFaceName:    fmt.Sprintf("utun43%d", n),
-				Address:      "100.65.65.2/24",
+				Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.65.65.2/24"),
 				WGPort:       33100,
 				WGPrivKey:    peerPrivateKey.String(),
 				MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/manager_v6exit_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/manager_v6exit_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15ab99cbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/manager_v6exit_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// TestUpdateRouteSelectorFromManagement_MirrorsV6ExitPair reproduces the bug seen
+// in netbird-engine.log: persisted selector state has the v4 exit node deselected
+// but its synthesized "-v6" pair explicitly selected (orphaned), so the ::/0 route
+// leaked onto the tunnel. The management update must mirror the v4 deselect onto the
+// v6 pair so FilterSelectedExitNodes drops it.
+func TestUpdateRouteSelectorFromManagement_MirrorsV6ExitPair(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		v4ID = route.NetID("Exit Node (raspberrypi)")
+		v6ID = route.NetID("Exit Node (raspberrypi)-v6")
+	)
+	all := []route.NetID{v4ID, v6ID}
+
+	rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+	// Orphan the v6 selection: select the pair, then deselect only the v4 base.
+	require.NoError(t, rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{v4ID, v6ID}, true, all))
+	require.NoError(t, rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{v4ID}, all))
+	require.True(t, rs.IsSelected(v6ID), "precondition: orphaned v6 selection survives v4 deselect")
+
+	m := &DefaultManager{routeSelector: rs}
+
+	v4Route := &route.Route{NetID: v4ID, Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")}
+	v6Route := &route.Route{NetID: v6ID, Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")}
+	clientRoutes := route.HAMap{
+		"Exit Node (raspberrypi)|0.0.0.0/0": {v4Route},
+		"Exit Node (raspberrypi)-v6|::/0":   {v6Route},
+	}
+
+	m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(clientRoutes)
+
+	assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected(v6ID), "v6 pair must follow the v4 base deselect after the management update")
+
+	filtered := rs.FilterSelectedExitNodes(clientRoutes)
+	assert.Empty(t, filtered, "deselected v4 exit node must not leak its ::/0 pair onto the tunnel")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go b/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go
index 66b5e30dd..2a8398b95 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/mock.go
@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@ type MockManager struct {
 	ClassifyRoutesFunc           func(routes []*route.Route) (map[route.ID]*route.Route, route.HAMap)
 	UpdateRoutesFunc             func(updateSerial uint64, serverRoutes map[route.ID]*route.Route, clientRoutes route.HAMap, useNewDNSRoute bool) error
 	TriggerSelectionFunc         func(haMap route.HAMap)
+	SelectRoutesFunc             func(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error
+	DeselectRoutesFunc           func(ids []route.NetID) error
 	GetRouteSelectorFunc         func() *routeselector.RouteSelector
 	GetClientRoutesFunc          func() route.HAMap
 	GetSelectedClientRoutesFunc  func() route.HAMap
+	GetActiveClientRoutesFunc    func() route.HAMap
 	GetClientRoutesWithNetIDFunc func() map[route.NetID][]*route.Route
 	StopFunc                     func(manager *statemanager.Manager)
 }
@@ -27,8 +30,8 @@ func (m *MockManager) Init() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// InitialRouteRange mock implementation of InitialRouteRange from Manager interface
-func (m *MockManager) InitialRouteRange() []string {
+// CurrentRouteRange mock implementation of CurrentRouteRange from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) CurrentRouteRange() []string {
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -54,6 +57,30 @@ func (m *MockManager) TriggerSelection(networks route.HAMap) {
 	}
 }
 
+// SelectRoutes mock implementation of SelectRoutes from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) SelectRoutes(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error {
+	if m.SelectRoutesFunc != nil {
+		return m.SelectRoutesFunc(ids, appendRoute)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeselectRoutes mock implementation of DeselectRoutes from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) DeselectRoutes(ids []route.NetID) error {
+	if m.DeselectRoutesFunc != nil {
+		return m.DeselectRoutesFunc(ids)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SelectAllRoutes mock implementation of SelectAllRoutes from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) SelectAllRoutes() {
+}
+
+// DeselectAllRoutes mock implementation of DeselectAllRoutes from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) DeselectAllRoutes() {
+}
+
 // GetRouteSelector mock implementation of GetRouteSelector from Manager interface
 func (m *MockManager) GetRouteSelector() *routeselector.RouteSelector {
 	if m.GetRouteSelectorFunc != nil {
@@ -78,6 +105,14 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetSelectedClientRoutes() route.HAMap {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// GetActiveClientRoutes mock implementation of GetActiveClientRoutes from the Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) GetActiveClientRoutes() route.HAMap {
+	if m.GetActiveClientRoutesFunc != nil {
+		return m.GetActiveClientRoutesFunc()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // GetClientRoutesWithNetID mock implementation of GetClientRoutesWithNetID from Manager interface
 func (m *MockManager) GetClientRoutesWithNetID() map[route.NetID][]*route.Route {
 	if m.GetClientRoutesWithNetIDFunc != nil {
@@ -103,6 +138,11 @@ func (m *MockManager) SetFirewall(firewall.Manager) error {
 func (m *MockManager) SetDNSForwarderPort(port uint16) {
 }
 
+// ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs mock implementation of ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs from Manager interface
+func (m *MockManager) ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs(peerKey string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Stop mock implementation of Stop from Manager interface
 func (m *MockManager) Stop(stateManager *statemanager.Manager) {
 	if m.StopFunc != nil {
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_android.go b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_android.go
index 55e0b7421..24cbb94db 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_android.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_android.go
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ package notifier
 
 import (
 	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
@@ -14,12 +11,15 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Notifier struct {
-	initialRoutes []*route.Route
-	currentRoutes []*route.Route
-	fakeIPRoute   *route.Route
+	mu sync.Mutex
 
-	listener    listener.NetworkChangeListener
-	listenerMux sync.Mutex
+	// currentRoutes is the last announced route set. It exists only to
+	// suppress noise: without it every network map sync would trigger the
+	// Java side, even when the routes did not change. The actual TUN route
+	// state is owned by the route manager and pulled from there.
+	currentRoutes []*route.Route
+
+	listener listener.NetworkChangeListener
 }
 
 func NewNotifier() *Notifier {
@@ -27,20 +27,15 @@ func NewNotifier() *Notifier {
 }
 
 func (n *Notifier) SetListener(listener listener.NetworkChangeListener) {
-	n.listenerMux.Lock()
-	defer n.listenerMux.Unlock()
+	n.mu.Lock()
+	defer n.mu.Unlock()
 	n.listener = listener
 }
 
-// SetInitialClientRoutes stores the initial route sets for TUN configuration.
-func (n *Notifier) SetInitialClientRoutes(initialRoutes []*route.Route, routesForComparison []*route.Route) {
-	n.initialRoutes = filterStatic(initialRoutes)
-	n.currentRoutes = filterStatic(routesForComparison)
-}
-
-// SetFakeIPRoute stores the fake IP route to be included in every TUN rebuild.
-func (n *Notifier) SetFakeIPRoute(r *route.Route) {
-	n.fakeIPRoute = r
+func (n *Notifier) NotifyRouteChange() {
+	n.mu.Lock()
+	defer n.mu.Unlock()
+	n.notifyLocked()
 }
 
 func (n *Notifier) OnNewRoutes(idMap route.HAMap) {
@@ -54,79 +49,27 @@ func (n *Notifier) OnNewRoutes(idMap route.HAMap) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	if !n.hasRouteDiff(n.currentRoutes, newRoutes) {
+	n.mu.Lock()
+	defer n.mu.Unlock()
+	if !hasRouteDiff(n.currentRoutes, newRoutes) {
 		return
 	}
 
 	n.currentRoutes = newRoutes
-	n.notify()
+	n.notifyLocked()
 }
 
 func (n *Notifier) OnNewPrefixes([]netip.Prefix) {
 	// Not used on Android
 }
 
-func (n *Notifier) notify() {
-	n.listenerMux.Lock()
-	defer n.listenerMux.Unlock()
+func (n *Notifier) notifyLocked() {
 	if n.listener == nil {
 		return
 	}
-
-	allRoutes := slices.Clone(n.currentRoutes)
-	if n.fakeIPRoute != nil {
-		allRoutes = append(allRoutes, n.fakeIPRoute)
-	}
-
-	routeStrings := n.routesToStrings(allRoutes)
-	sort.Strings(routeStrings)
-	go func(l listener.NetworkChangeListener) {
-		l.OnNetworkChanged(strings.Join(n.addIPv6RangeIfNeeded(routeStrings, allRoutes), ","))
-	}(n.listener)
+	n.listener.OnNetworkChanged("")
 }
 
-func filterStatic(routes []*route.Route) []*route.Route {
-	out := make([]*route.Route, 0, len(routes))
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		if !r.IsDynamic() {
-			out = append(out, r)
-		}
-	}
-	return out
-}
-
-func (n *Notifier) routesToStrings(routes []*route.Route) []string {
-	nets := make([]string, 0, len(routes))
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		nets = append(nets, r.NetString())
-	}
-	return nets
-}
-
-func (n *Notifier) hasRouteDiff(a []*route.Route, b []*route.Route) bool {
-	slices.SortFunc(a, func(x, y *route.Route) int {
-		return strings.Compare(x.NetString(), y.NetString())
-	})
-	slices.SortFunc(b, func(x, y *route.Route) int {
-		return strings.Compare(x.NetString(), y.NetString())
-	})
-
-	return !slices.EqualFunc(a, b, func(x, y *route.Route) bool {
-		return x.NetString() == y.NetString()
-	})
-}
-
-func (n *Notifier) GetInitialRouteRanges() []string {
-	initialStrings := n.routesToStrings(n.initialRoutes)
-	sort.Strings(initialStrings)
-	return n.addIPv6RangeIfNeeded(initialStrings, n.initialRoutes)
-}
-
-func (n *Notifier) addIPv6RangeIfNeeded(inputRanges []string, routes []*route.Route) []string {
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		if r.Network.Addr().Is4() && r.Network.Bits() == 0 {
-			return append(slices.Clone(inputRanges), "::/0")
-		}
-	}
-	return inputRanges
+func (n *Notifier) Close() {
+	// unused
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_ios.go b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_ios.go
index 68c85067a..d663dd471 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_ios.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_ios.go
@@ -14,10 +14,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Notifier struct {
+	mu              sync.Mutex
 	currentPrefixes []string
-
-	listener    listener.NetworkChangeListener
-	listenerMux sync.Mutex
+	listener        listener.NetworkChangeListener
 }
 
 func NewNotifier() *Notifier {
@@ -25,16 +24,12 @@ func NewNotifier() *Notifier {
 }
 
 func (n *Notifier) SetListener(listener listener.NetworkChangeListener) {
-	n.listenerMux.Lock()
-	defer n.listenerMux.Unlock()
+	n.mu.Lock()
+	defer n.mu.Unlock()
 	n.listener = listener
 }
 
-func (n *Notifier) SetInitialClientRoutes([]*route.Route, []*route.Route) {
-	// iOS doesn't care about initial routes
-}
-
-func (n *Notifier) SetFakeIPRoute(*route.Route) {
+func (n *Notifier) NotifyRouteChange() {
 	// Not used on iOS
 }
 
@@ -43,41 +38,27 @@ func (n *Notifier) OnNewRoutes(route.HAMap) {
 }
 
 func (n *Notifier) OnNewPrefixes(prefixes []netip.Prefix) {
-	newNets := make([]string, 0)
+	newNets := make([]string, 0, len(prefixes))
 	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
 		newNets = append(newNets, prefix.String())
 	}
 
 	sort.Strings(newNets)
 
+	n.mu.Lock()
+	defer n.mu.Unlock()
 	if slices.Equal(n.currentPrefixes, newNets) {
 		return
 	}
-
 	n.currentPrefixes = newNets
-	n.notify()
-}
-func (n *Notifier) notify() {
-	n.listenerMux.Lock()
-	defer n.listenerMux.Unlock()
-	if n.listener == nil {
-		return
+	if n.listener != nil {
+		n.listener.OnNetworkChanged(strings.Join(n.currentPrefixes, ","))
 	}
+}
 
-	go func(l listener.NetworkChangeListener) {
-		l.OnNetworkChanged(strings.Join(n.addIPv6RangeIfNeeded(n.currentPrefixes), ","))
-	}(n.listener)
+func (n *Notifier) Close() {
 }
 
 func (n *Notifier) GetInitialRouteRanges() []string {
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (n *Notifier) addIPv6RangeIfNeeded(inputRanges []string) []string {
-	for _, r := range inputRanges {
-		if r == "0.0.0.0/0" {
-			return append(slices.Clone(inputRanges), "::/0")
-		}
-	}
-	return inputRanges
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_other.go b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_other.go
index 97c815cf0..fe48e07b3 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_other.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/notifier_other.go
@@ -19,11 +19,7 @@ func (n *Notifier) SetListener(listener listener.NetworkChangeListener) {
 	// Not used on non-mobile platforms
 }
 
-func (n *Notifier) SetInitialClientRoutes([]*route.Route, []*route.Route) {
-	// Not used on non-mobile platforms
-}
-
-func (n *Notifier) SetFakeIPRoute(*route.Route) {
+func (n *Notifier) NotifyRouteChange() {
 	// Not used on non-mobile platforms
 }
 
@@ -35,6 +31,6 @@ func (n *Notifier) OnNewPrefixes(prefixes []netip.Prefix) {
 	// Not used on non-mobile platforms
 }
 
-func (n *Notifier) GetInitialRouteRanges() []string {
-	return []string{}
+func (n *Notifier) Close() {
+	// unused
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/route_diff.go b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/route_diff.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52abddf36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/route_diff.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package notifier
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// routePrefixes returns the distinct prefixes a route set covers, sorted.
+// Duplicates are dropped deliberately: an HA group hands us one route per
+// peer serving the same prefix, and the platform is given the prefix, not the
+// candidates. Counting them would report a change every time a peer joins or
+// leaves a group, and on Android each report renews the TUN.
+func routePrefixes(routes []*route.Route) []string {
+	nets := make([]string, 0, len(routes))
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		nets = append(nets, r.NetString())
+	}
+	sort.Strings(nets)
+	return slices.Compact(nets)
+}
+
+// hasRouteDiff reports whether the prefixes the two route sets cover differ.
+func hasRouteDiff(a []*route.Route, b []*route.Route) bool {
+	return !slices.Equal(routePrefixes(a), routePrefixes(b))
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/route_diff_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/route_diff_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80df69d9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/notifier/route_diff_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package notifier
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func routeFor(id route.ID, prefix string) *route.Route {
+	return &route.Route{
+		ID:      id,
+		NetID:   "net",
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix(prefix),
+	}
+}
+
+// TestHasRouteDiff_IgnoresHACandidateCount is the reason the comparison
+// deduplicates. Every notification renews the TUN, and a renewed TUN
+// invalidates the sockets the embedded servers are listening on, so a peer
+// joining or leaving an HA group must not count as a route change when the
+// prefixes the TUN carries are identical.
+func TestHasRouteDiff_IgnoresHACandidateCount(t *testing.T) {
+	onePeer := []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")}
+	twoPeers := []*route.Route{
+		routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24"),
+		routeFor("b", "10.0.0.0/24"),
+	}
+
+	assert.False(t, hasRouteDiff(onePeer, twoPeers),
+		"a second peer serving the same prefix is not a route change")
+	assert.False(t, hasRouteDiff(twoPeers, onePeer),
+		"losing one of two peers serving the same prefix is not a route change")
+}
+
+func TestHasRouteDiff_ReportsRealChanges(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		a    []*route.Route
+		b    []*route.Route
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "added prefix",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			b:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24"), routeFor("b", "10.0.1.0/24")},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "removed prefix",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24"), routeFor("b", "10.0.1.0/24")},
+			b:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "replaced prefix",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			b:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.1.0/24")},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same prefix, different order",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.1.0/24"), routeFor("b", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			b:    []*route.Route{routeFor("b", "10.0.0.0/24"), routeFor("a", "10.0.1.0/24")},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "all routes gone",
+			a:    []*route.Route{routeFor("a", "10.0.0.0/24")},
+			b:    nil,
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "both empty",
+			a:    nil,
+			b:    nil,
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, hasRouteDiff(tc.a, tc.b),
+				"route diff for %s", tc.name)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/reconcile_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/reconcile_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc9693229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/reconcile_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun/netstack"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/device"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter"
+)
+
+// reconcileWGMock is a minimal iface.WGIface that records AddAllowedIP calls and reports the
+// configured address; every other method is an inert stub because the tests exercise none of them.
+type reconcileWGMock struct {
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	adds map[string][]netip.Prefix
+	addr wgaddr.Address
+}
+
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) AddAllowedIP(peerKey string, allowedIP netip.Prefix) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	if m.adds == nil {
+		m.adds = map[string][]netip.Prefix{}
+	}
+	m.adds[peerKey] = append(m.adds[peerKey], allowedIP)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) added(peerKey string) []netip.Prefix {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	return m.adds[peerKey]
+}
+
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) RemoveAllowedIP(string, netip.Prefix) error { return nil }
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) Name() string                               { return "utun-test" }
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) Address() wgaddr.Address                    { return m.addr }
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) ToInterface() *net.Interface                { return nil }
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) IsUserspaceBind() bool                      { return false }
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) GetFilter() device.PacketFilter             { return nil }
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) GetDevice() *device.FilteredDevice          { return nil }
+func (m *reconcileWGMock) GetNet() *netstack.Net                      { return nil }
+
+// TestReconcilePeerAllowedIPs verifies the declarative reconcile re-applies every routed prefix
+// tracked for the peer (self-heal, independent of refcount level) and stays scoped to that peer.
+func TestReconcilePeerAllowedIPs(t *testing.T) {
+	wg := &reconcileWGMock{}
+	m := &DefaultManager{wgInterface: wg}
+	m.allowedIPsRefCounter = refcounter.NewAllowedIPs(
+		func(_ netip.Prefix, peerKey string) (string, error) { return peerKey, nil },
+		func(netip.Prefix, string) error { return nil },
+	)
+
+	peerA1 := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")
+	peerA2 := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24")
+	peerB1 := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.2.0.0/24")
+
+	for prefix, peer := range map[netip.Prefix]string{peerA1: "peerA", peerA2: "peerA", peerB1: "peerB"} {
+		_, err := m.allowedIPsRefCounter.Increment(prefix, peer)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	// Extra reference: reconcile must still re-apply the prefix even though its refcount never
+	// hit 0 again (the exact case the plain incremental path skips).
+	_, err := m.allowedIPsRefCounter.Increment(peerA1, "peerA")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs("peerA"))
+
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []netip.Prefix{peerA1, peerA2}, wg.added("peerA"),
+		"reconcile must re-apply all routed prefixes of the peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, wg.added("peerB"), "reconcile must not touch another peer's prefixes")
+}
+
+// TestReconcilePeerAllowedIPsNoCounter verifies reconcile is a safe no-op before the refcounter is
+// set up.
+func TestReconcilePeerAllowedIPsNoCounter(t *testing.T) {
+	wg := &reconcileWGMock{}
+	m := &DefaultManager{wgInterface: wg}
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs("peerA"))
+	assert.Empty(t, wg.added("peerA"))
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/allowedips.go b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/allowedips.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d682e8a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/allowedips.go
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+package refcounter
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+)
+
+// allowedIPsEntry holds the per-peer reference counts for a single prefix and which peer is
+// currently installed in WireGuard. WireGuard allows a prefix on exactly one peer, so at most
+// one peer is active at a time even when several peers reference the prefix.
+type allowedIPsEntry struct {
+	// peers maps a peerKey to the number of references holding the prefix for that peer.
+	peers map[string]int
+	// active is the peerKey currently installed in WireGuard for this prefix ("" if none).
+	active string
+	// total is the sum of all per-peer reference counts (kept in sync with peers).
+	total int
+}
+
+// AllowedIPsRefCounter is a peer-aware reference counter for WireGuard AllowedIPs.
+//
+// The generic Counter keys only by prefix and remembers a single Out value set by the first
+// caller, which it never changes. That is wrong for AllowedIPs: two independent watchers (or
+// multiple resolved domains) can reference the same prefix through different peers, and when the
+// peer currently installed in WireGuard releases its last reference the prefix must be handed over
+// to a surviving peer instead of being left pointing at the released one.
+//
+// It calls add/remove (which program WireGuard) only on the transitions that matter:
+//   - add on the first reference for a prefix, or when swapping the active peer;
+//   - remove on the last reference for a prefix, or on the old peer during a swap.
+type AllowedIPsRefCounter struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	entries map[netip.Prefix]*allowedIPsEntry
+	add     AddFunc[netip.Prefix, string, string]
+	remove  RemoveFunc[netip.Prefix, string]
+}
+
+// NewAllowedIPs creates a new peer-aware AllowedIPs reference counter.
+// add programs a prefix on a peer in WireGuard and returns the peerKey to store as the active peer.
+// remove unprograms the prefix from the given peer.
+func NewAllowedIPs(add AddFunc[netip.Prefix, string, string], remove RemoveFunc[netip.Prefix, string]) *AllowedIPsRefCounter {
+	return &AllowedIPsRefCounter{
+		entries: map[netip.Prefix]*allowedIPsEntry{},
+		add:     add,
+		remove:  remove,
+	}
+}
+
+// Increment adds a reference to prefix for peerKey. WireGuard is programmed only for the first
+// reference to a prefix; while a different peer is already installed the prefix is left with it
+// (first peer wins, HA at the WireGuard layer is not possible) and only the reference count is kept.
+func (rm *AllowedIPsRefCounter) Increment(prefix netip.Prefix, peerKey string) (Ref[string], error) {
+	rm.mu.Lock()
+	defer rm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	e, ok := rm.entries[prefix]
+	if !ok {
+		e = &allowedIPsEntry{peers: map[string]int{}}
+		rm.entries[prefix] = e
+	}
+
+	logCallerF("Increasing allowed IP ref count for prefix %v peer %s [peer %d -> %d, total %d -> %d, active %q]",
+		prefix, peerKey, e.peers[peerKey], e.peers[peerKey]+1, e.total, e.total+1, e.active)
+
+	// Program WireGuard only when nothing is installed yet for this prefix.
+	if e.active == "" {
+		out, err := rm.add(prefix, peerKey)
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrIgnore) {
+			if e.total == 0 {
+				delete(rm.entries, prefix)
+			}
+			return Ref[string]{Count: e.total, Out: e.active}, nil
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			if e.total == 0 {
+				delete(rm.entries, prefix)
+			}
+			return Ref[string]{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to add allowed IP %v for peer %s: %w", prefix, peerKey, err)
+		}
+		e.active = out
+	}
+
+	e.peers[peerKey]++
+	e.total++
+
+	return Ref[string]{Count: e.total, Out: e.active}, nil
+}
+
+// Decrement removes a reference to prefix for peerKey. When the peer currently installed in
+// WireGuard releases its last reference, the prefix is swapped to a surviving peer if one exists,
+// otherwise it is removed from WireGuard.
+func (rm *AllowedIPsRefCounter) Decrement(prefix netip.Prefix, peerKey string) (Ref[string], error) {
+	rm.mu.Lock()
+	defer rm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	e, ok := rm.entries[prefix]
+	if !ok {
+		logCallerF("No allowed IP reference found for prefix %v", prefix)
+		return Ref[string]{}, nil
+	}
+
+	if e.peers[peerKey] > 0 {
+		logCallerF("Decreasing allowed IP ref count for prefix %v peer %s [peer %d -> %d, total %d -> %d, active %q]",
+			prefix, peerKey, e.peers[peerKey], e.peers[peerKey]-1, e.total, e.total-1, e.active)
+		e.peers[peerKey]--
+		e.total--
+		if e.peers[peerKey] == 0 {
+			delete(e.peers, peerKey)
+		}
+	} else {
+		logCallerF("No allowed IP reference found for prefix %v peer %s", prefix, peerKey)
+	}
+
+	// If the peer currently installed in WireGuard still holds references, nothing to reprogram.
+	// Keying the check on the active peer (not the one just released) makes this self-healing:
+	// a prior swap whose remove/add failed leaves e.active pointing at a peer with no references,
+	// and this retries the hand-off on the next Decrement instead of getting stuck.
+	if e.active != "" && e.peers[e.active] > 0 {
+		return Ref[string]{Count: e.total, Out: e.active}, nil
+	}
+
+	// Detach the stale/gone active peer from WireGuard before reprogramming.
+	if e.active != "" {
+		if err := rm.remove(prefix, e.active); err != nil {
+			return Ref[string]{Count: e.total, Out: e.active}, fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %v for peer %s: %w", prefix, e.active, err)
+		}
+		e.active = ""
+	}
+
+	// Hand the prefix over to a surviving peer, or drop the entry when none remain.
+	if survivor, ok := pickSurvivor(e.peers); ok {
+		out, err := rm.add(prefix, survivor)
+		if err != nil {
+			return Ref[string]{Count: e.total, Out: ""}, fmt.Errorf("swap allowed IP %v to peer %s: %w", prefix, survivor, err)
+		}
+		e.active = out
+		return Ref[string]{Count: e.total, Out: e.active}, nil
+	}
+
+	delete(rm.entries, prefix)
+	return Ref[string]{Count: 0, Out: ""}, nil
+}
+
+// Flush removes all prefixes from WireGuard and clears the counter.
+func (rm *AllowedIPsRefCounter) Flush() error {
+	rm.mu.Lock()
+	defer rm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for prefix, e := range rm.entries {
+		if e.active == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		logCallerF("Flushing allowed IP for prefix %v peer %s", prefix, e.active)
+		if err := rm.remove(prefix, e.active); err != nil {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %v for peer %s: %w", prefix, e.active, err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	clear(rm.entries)
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// ReapplyMatching calls apply for every prefix whose currently installed (active) peer satisfies
+// pred, holding the lock for the whole pass. It is used to re-push allowed IPs onto a peer whose
+// WireGuard entry was rebuilt (e.g. a lazy connection cycling idle->wake) without a matching
+// refcounter change, which would otherwise leave the prefix installed in the counter but missing
+// on the device. Only the active peer is considered — a prefix that lost its installed peer to a
+// failed swap is skipped here and reconciled by the next Increment/Decrement.
+func (rm *AllowedIPsRefCounter) ReapplyMatching(pred func(out string) bool, apply func(key netip.Prefix) error) error {
+	rm.mu.Lock()
+	defer rm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for prefix, e := range rm.entries {
+		if e.active != "" && pred(e.active) {
+			if err := apply(prefix); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+// pickSurvivor deterministically selects a peer still referencing the prefix. WireGuard cannot do
+// multipath for a single prefix, so any surviving peer is a valid winner; the choice is made stable
+// (lowest peerKey) for predictable behavior and testability.
+func pickSurvivor(peers map[string]int) (string, bool) {
+	if len(peers) == 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(peers))
+	for k := range peers {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	return keys[0], true
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/allowedips_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/allowedips_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..835142083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/allowedips_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+package refcounter
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// fakeWG models WireGuard's cryptokey routing: a prefix can be installed on exactly one peer.
+// failAdd/failRemove make the next add/remove fail once, to exercise the self-healing error paths.
+type fakeWG struct {
+	installed  map[netip.Prefix]string
+	adds       int
+	removes    int
+	failAdd    bool
+	failRemove bool
+}
+
+func newFakeWG() *fakeWG {
+	return &fakeWG{installed: map[netip.Prefix]string{}}
+}
+
+func (f *fakeWG) counter() *AllowedIPsRefCounter {
+	return NewAllowedIPs(
+		func(prefix netip.Prefix, peerKey string) (string, error) {
+			if f.failAdd {
+				f.failAdd = false
+				return "", errors.New("add failed")
+			}
+			f.adds++
+			f.installed[prefix] = peerKey
+			return peerKey, nil
+		},
+		func(prefix netip.Prefix, peerKey string) error {
+			if f.failRemove {
+				f.failRemove = false
+				return errors.New("remove failed")
+			}
+			f.removes++
+			// only clear if this peer is the one installed, mirroring wg semantics
+			if f.installed[prefix] == peerKey {
+				delete(f.installed, prefix)
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+func mustPrefix(t *testing.T, s string) netip.Prefix {
+	t.Helper()
+	p, err := netip.ParsePrefix(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse prefix %q: %v", s, err)
+	}
+	return p
+}
+
+func mustIncrement(t *testing.T, c *AllowedIPsRefCounter, p netip.Prefix, peer string) Ref[string] {
+	t.Helper()
+	ref, err := c.Increment(p, peer)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Increment(%v, %s): %v", p, peer, err)
+	}
+	return ref
+}
+
+func mustDecrement(t *testing.T, c *AllowedIPsRefCounter, p netip.Prefix, peer string) Ref[string] {
+	t.Helper()
+	ref, err := c.Decrement(p, peer)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Decrement(%v, %s): %v", p, peer, err)
+	}
+	return ref
+}
+
+// TestAllowedIPs_SwapOnActivePeerRemoval reproduces the reported bug: two networks with the same
+// prefix routed by different peers. Removing the network whose peer is installed must hand the
+// prefix over to the surviving peer instead of leaving it on the removed one.
+func TestAllowedIPs_SwapOnActivePeerRemoval(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newFakeWG()
+	c := f.counter()
+	p := mustPrefix(t, "10.44.8.0/24")
+
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerB")
+	// First peer wins while both are present.
+	if got := f.installed[p]; got != "peerA" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected peerA installed, got %q", got)
+	}
+
+	// Remove the active peer's network -> must swap to peerB.
+	mustDecrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	if got := f.installed[p]; got != "peerB" {
+		t.Fatalf("BUG: prefix stuck on removed peer, want peerB got %q", got)
+	}
+
+	// Remove the last one -> prefix gone.
+	mustDecrement(t, c, p, "peerB")
+	if _, ok := f.installed[p]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected prefix removed, still installed on %q", f.installed[p])
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAllowedIPs_RemoveNonActivePeer removing a non-installed peer must not touch WireGuard.
+func TestAllowedIPs_RemoveNonActivePeer(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newFakeWG()
+	c := f.counter()
+	p := mustPrefix(t, "10.44.8.0/24")
+
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerB")
+	removesBefore := f.removes
+
+	mustDecrement(t, c, p, "peerB")
+	if f.installed[p] != "peerA" {
+		t.Fatalf("active peer must stay peerA, got %q", f.installed[p])
+	}
+	if f.removes != removesBefore {
+		t.Fatalf("removing a non-active peer must not call wg remove")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAllowedIPs_SamePeerMultipleRefs two references via the same peer must keep the prefix until
+// the last reference is released (the reason the per-peer count must be an int, not a set).
+func TestAllowedIPs_SamePeerMultipleRefs(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newFakeWG()
+	c := f.counter()
+	p := mustPrefix(t, "10.44.8.0/24")
+
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	if f.adds != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected a single wg add for the same peer, got %d", f.adds)
+	}
+
+	mustDecrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	if f.installed[p] != "peerA" {
+		t.Fatalf("prefix must stay while a reference remains, got %q", f.installed[p])
+	}
+	if f.removes != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("no wg remove expected while a reference remains, got %d", f.removes)
+	}
+
+	mustDecrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	if _, ok := f.installed[p]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("prefix must be removed after last reference")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAllowedIPs_RefCountAndActive checks the Ref returned to callers (used for the HA-disabled log).
+func TestAllowedIPs_RefCountAndActive(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newFakeWG()
+	c := f.counter()
+	p := mustPrefix(t, "10.44.8.0/24")
+
+	ref := mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	if ref.Count != 1 || ref.Out != "peerA" {
+		t.Fatalf("want {1, peerA}, got {%d, %q}", ref.Count, ref.Out)
+	}
+	ref = mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerB")
+	if ref.Count != 2 || ref.Out != "peerA" {
+		t.Fatalf("want {2, peerA}, got {%d, %q}", ref.Count, ref.Out)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAllowedIPs_Flush removes everything installed and clears the counter.
+func TestAllowedIPs_Flush(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newFakeWG()
+	c := f.counter()
+	p1 := mustPrefix(t, "10.44.8.0/24")
+	p2 := mustPrefix(t, "10.44.9.0/24")
+
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p1, "peerA")
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p2, "peerB")
+
+	if err := c.Flush(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(f.installed) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected all prefixes removed, got %v", f.installed)
+	}
+	// After flush, a fresh increment must add again.
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p1, "peerC")
+	if f.installed[p1] != "peerC" {
+		t.Fatalf("counter not reset after flush")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAllowedIPs_SelfHealAfterSwapAddError ensures a failed add during a swap does not permanently
+// strand the prefix: the next Decrement (or Increment) must retry and install a surviving peer.
+func TestAllowedIPs_SelfHealAfterSwapAddError(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newFakeWG()
+	c := f.counter()
+	p := mustPrefix(t, "10.44.8.0/24")
+
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerB")
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerC")
+
+	// Removing the active peerA triggers a swap to a survivor; make the add fail once.
+	f.failAdd = true
+	if _, err := c.Decrement(p, "peerA"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error from failed swap add")
+	}
+	if _, ok := f.installed[p]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("nothing should be installed after a failed swap add, got %q", f.installed[p])
+	}
+
+	// A later Decrement of a non-active survivor must retry the hand-off (self-heal), not stay stuck.
+	ref := mustDecrement(t, c, p, "peerC")
+	if got := f.installed[p]; got == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("self-heal failed: prefix left unrouted after add recovered")
+	}
+	if ref.Out == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected an active peer after self-heal, got empty")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAllowedIPs_SelfHealAfterRemoveError ensures a failed remove during a swap is retried instead
+// of leaving e.active stuck on a peer that no longer holds references.
+func TestAllowedIPs_SelfHealAfterRemoveError(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newFakeWG()
+	c := f.counter()
+	p := mustPrefix(t, "10.44.8.0/24")
+
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerA")
+	mustIncrement(t, c, p, "peerB")
+
+	// Releasing active peerA must detach it (remove) then add peerB; fail the remove once.
+	f.failRemove = true
+	if _, err := c.Decrement(p, "peerA"); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error from failed remove")
+	}
+
+	// Next Decrement of the non-active survivor retries: removes stale peerA, installs peerB.
+	mustDecrement(t, c, p, "peerB")
+	// peerB had only one ref, so after retry the prefix is fully released.
+	if _, ok := f.installed[p]; ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected prefix released after self-heal, still on %q", f.installed[p])
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/refcounter.go b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/refcounter.go
index 27a724f50..917120275 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/refcounter.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/refcounter.go
@@ -94,6 +94,26 @@ func (rm *Counter[Key, I, O]) Get(key Key) (Ref[O], bool) {
 	return ref, ok
 }
 
+// ReapplyMatching calls apply for every key whose stored Out satisfies pred, holding the
+// counter lock for the whole pass. Running apply under the lock keeps it atomic with respect
+// to Increment/Decrement: a prefix dropped to zero is removed from the map (and had its
+// RemoveFunc called) before this pass observes it, so a stale key can never be re-applied.
+// pred and apply are invoked under the lock, so they must not call back into the counter.
+func (rm *Counter[Key, I, O]) ReapplyMatching(pred func(out O) bool, apply func(key Key) error) error {
+	rm.mu.Lock()
+	defer rm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	for key, ref := range rm.refCountMap {
+		if pred(ref.Out) {
+			if err := apply(key); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
 // Increment increments the reference count for the given key.
 // If this is the first reference to the key, the AddFunc is called.
 func (rm *Counter[Key, I, O]) Increment(key Key, in I) (Ref[O], error) {
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/refcounter_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/refcounter_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79a99c388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/refcounter_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package refcounter
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestReapplyMatching verifies ReapplyMatching invokes apply for exactly the keys whose stored
+// Out satisfies the predicate (no duplicates for multiply-referenced keys) — the primitive
+// ReconcilePeerAllowedIPs relies on to re-apply a single peer's routed prefixes.
+func TestReapplyMatching(t *testing.T) {
+	rc := New[netip.Prefix, string, string](
+		func(_ netip.Prefix, peerKey string) (string, error) { return peerKey, nil },
+		func(netip.Prefix, string) error { return nil },
+	)
+
+	peerA1 := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")
+	peerA2 := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24")
+	peerB1 := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.2.0.0/24")
+
+	for prefix, peer := range map[netip.Prefix]string{peerA1: "peerA", peerA2: "peerA", peerB1: "peerB"} {
+		_, err := rc.Increment(prefix, peer)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	// a second reference must not make the key applied twice
+	_, err := rc.Increment(peerA1, "peerA")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var applied []netip.Prefix
+	err = rc.ReapplyMatching(
+		func(out string) bool { return out == "peerA" },
+		func(key netip.Prefix) error { applied = append(applied, key); return nil },
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []netip.Prefix{peerA1, peerA2}, applied)
+
+	var none []netip.Prefix
+	err = rc.ReapplyMatching(
+		func(out string) bool { return out == "missing" },
+		func(key netip.Prefix) error { none = append(none, key); return nil },
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, none)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/types.go b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/types.go
index aadac3e25..7da0e17e3 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/types.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/refcounter/types.go
@@ -5,5 +5,7 @@ import "net/netip"
 // RouteRefCounter is a Counter for Route, it doesn't take any input on Increment and doesn't use any output on Decrement
 type RouteRefCounter = Counter[netip.Prefix, struct{}, struct{}]
 
-// AllowedIPsRefCounter is a Counter for AllowedIPs, it takes a peer key on Increment and passes it back to Decrement
-type AllowedIPsRefCounter = Counter[netip.Prefix, string, string]
+// AllowedIPsRefCounter tracks WireGuard AllowedIPs per prefix. Unlike the generic Counter it is peer-aware:
+// a prefix can be claimed by several peers at once and WireGuard allows a given prefix on exactly one peer,
+// so the counter records the per-peer reference count and swaps the installed peer when the active one is released.
+// See allowedips.go.
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/route_range_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/route_range_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b51b5747a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/route_range_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_OverlayNetworkWithClientRoutesDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:         &reconcileWGMock{addr: wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")},
+		disableClientRoutes: true,
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.91.0.0/16"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "overlay network must be routed even when client routes are disabled")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_OverlayNetworksAndClientRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")
+	addr.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1")
+	addr.IPv6Net = netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234::/64")
+
+	static := &route.Route{ID: "static", NetID: "lan", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.50.0/24"), NetworkType: route.IPv4Network}
+	dynamic := &route.Route{ID: "dynamic", NetID: "dyn", NetworkType: route.DomainNetwork}
+
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:   &reconcileWGMock{addr: addr},
+		routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
+		clientRoutes: route.HAMap{
+			static.GetHAUniqueID():  {static},
+			dynamic.GetHAUniqueID(): {dynamic},
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.91.0.0/16", "192.168.50.0/24", "fd00:1234::/64"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "overlay networks and static client routes must be listed, dynamic routes skipped")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_NoInterfaceAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:         &reconcileWGMock{},
+		disableClientRoutes: true,
+	}
+
+	assert.Empty(t, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "an unset interface address must not produce a route entry")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_IPv6WithoutIPv4Network(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := wgaddr.Address{
+		IPv6:    netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1"),
+		IPv6Net: netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234::/64"),
+	}
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:         &reconcileWGMock{addr: addr},
+		disableClientRoutes: true,
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"fd00:1234::/64"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "a v6 overlay network must not depend on a v4 network being set")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_IPv6AddressWithoutNetwork(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")
+	addr.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1")
+
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:         &reconcileWGMock{addr: addr},
+		disableClientRoutes: true,
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.91.0.0/16"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "a v6 address without a network must not produce a route entry")
+}
+
+func TestCurrentRouteRange_DeduplicatesPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
+	// Two HA peers serve the same prefix, and a client route announces the overlay network itself.
+	haPeerA := &route.Route{ID: "ha-a", NetID: "lan", Peer: "peer-a", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.50.0/24"), NetworkType: route.IPv4Network}
+	haPeerB := &route.Route{ID: "ha-b", NetID: "lan", Peer: "peer-b", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.50.0/24"), NetworkType: route.IPv4Network}
+	overlay := &route.Route{ID: "overlay", NetID: "overlay", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("100.91.0.0/16"), NetworkType: route.IPv4Network}
+
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		wgInterface:   &reconcileWGMock{addr: wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress("100.91.96.107/16")},
+		routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
+		clientRoutes: route.HAMap{
+			haPeerA.GetHAUniqueID(): {haPeerA, haPeerB},
+			overlay.GetHAUniqueID(): {overlay},
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.91.0.0/16", "192.168.50.0/24"}, m.CurrentRouteRange(), "every prefix must be listed once regardless of how many routes carry it")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/selection.go b/client/internal/routemanager/selection.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b81d51b67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/selection.go
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// SelectRoutes selects the routes with the given network IDs and applies the
+// new selection. V4/v6 exit-node pairs are expanded automatically. Exit nodes
+// are mutually exclusive: if the selection activates an exit node, every other
+// available exit node is deselected so two can't be active at once. With
+// appendRoute=false the previous selection is replaced instead of extended.
+// A partial failure (e.g. an unknown ID mixed with valid ones) still applies
+// the valid IDs to the routing table; the unknown ones are reported in the
+// returned error.
+func (m *DefaultManager) SelectRoutes(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error {
+	err := m.selectRoutes(ids, appendRoute)
+	// Apply regardless of err: selectRoutes already selects the valid part of a
+	// partial request, and skipping this on error would leave those routes
+	// selected in the selector but never installed in the routing table.
+	m.TriggerSelection(m.GetClientRoutes())
+	return err
+}
+
+// DeselectRoutes removes the routes with the given network IDs from the
+// selection and applies the change. V4/v6 exit-node pairs are expanded
+// automatically. A partial failure (e.g. an unknown ID mixed with valid ones)
+// still applies the valid IDs to the routing table; the unknown ones are
+// reported in the returned error.
+func (m *DefaultManager) DeselectRoutes(ids []route.NetID) error {
+	err := m.deselectRoutes(ids)
+	// Apply regardless of err: deselectRoutes already deselects the valid part
+	// of a partial request, and skipping this on error would leave those routes
+	// installed in the routing table despite being marked deselected.
+	m.TriggerSelection(m.GetClientRoutes())
+	return err
+}
+
+func (m *DefaultManager) deselectRoutes(ids []route.NetID) error {
+	routesMap := m.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
+	routes := route.ExpandV6ExitPairs(slices.Clone(ids), routesMap)
+
+	log.Debugf("deselecting routes with ids: %v", routes)
+
+	if err := m.routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(routes, maps.Keys(routesMap)); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("deselect routes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SelectAllRoutes selects every available route and applies the selection.
+// Exit nodes stay mutually exclusive: at most one remains active.
+func (m *DefaultManager) SelectAllRoutes() {
+	m.selectAllRoutes()
+	m.TriggerSelection(m.GetClientRoutes())
+}
+
+func (m *DefaultManager) selectAllRoutes() {
+	m.routeSelector.SelectAllRoutes()
+
+	// Select-all wipes every explicit selection, so exit nodes fall back to
+	// management's auto-apply flags — which may mark several at once.
+	// Reconcile immediately so at most one exit node stays active instead of
+	// waiting for the next network map to enforce it.
+	m.mux.Lock()
+	defer m.mux.Unlock()
+	m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(m.clientRoutes)
+}
+
+// DeselectAllRoutes deselects every route and applies the change.
+func (m *DefaultManager) DeselectAllRoutes() {
+	m.routeSelector.DeselectAllRoutes()
+	m.TriggerSelection(m.GetClientRoutes())
+}
+
+func (m *DefaultManager) selectRoutes(ids []route.NetID, appendRoute bool) error {
+	routesMap := m.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
+	routes := route.ExpandV6ExitPairs(slices.Clone(ids), routesMap)
+	allIDs := maps.Keys(routesMap)
+
+	log.Debugf("selecting routes with ids: %v", routes)
+
+	// A partial failure (e.g. an unknown ID in the request) still selects the
+	// valid routes, so exclusivity below must run regardless of the error.
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+	if err := m.routeSelector.SelectRoutes(routes, appendRoute, allIDs); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("select routes: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	// Exit nodes are mutually exclusive: if this selection activates an
+	// exit node, deselect every other available exit node so two can't be
+	// selected at once. Non-exit route selections are left untouched.
+	if requestActivatesExitNode(routes, routesMap) {
+		if others := otherExitNodeIDs(routesMap, routes); len(others) > 0 {
+			if err := m.routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(others, allIDs); err != nil {
+				merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("deselect sibling exit nodes: %w", err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(merr)
+}
+
+func isExitNodeRoutes(routes []*route.Route) bool {
+	return len(routes) > 0 && (route.IsV4DefaultRoute(routes[0].Network) || route.IsV6DefaultRoute(routes[0].Network))
+}
+
+// requestActivatesExitNode reports whether any requested NetID maps to an exit
+// node (default route) in the current route table.
+func requestActivatesExitNode(requested []route.NetID, routesMap map[route.NetID][]*route.Route) bool {
+	for _, id := range requested {
+		if isExitNodeRoutes(routesMap[id]) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// otherExitNodeIDs returns every available exit-node NetID that is not in the
+// requested set — the siblings to deselect so a single exit node stays active.
+func otherExitNodeIDs(routesMap map[route.NetID][]*route.Route, requested []route.NetID) []route.NetID {
+	keep := make(map[route.NetID]struct{}, len(requested))
+	for _, id := range requested {
+		keep[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	var others []route.NetID
+	for id, routes := range routesMap {
+		if !isExitNodeRoutes(routes) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := keep[id]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		others = append(others, id)
+	}
+	return others
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/selection_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/selection_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ef9ddb88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/selection_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/client"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/notifier"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func v6ExitRoute(netID, peer string) *route.Route {
+	return &route.Route{
+		NetID:   route.NetID(netID),
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0"),
+		Peer:    peer,
+	}
+}
+
+func newSelectionTestManager() *DefaultManager {
+	return &DefaultManager{
+		routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
+		clientRoutes: route.HAMap{
+			"exitA|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitA", "p1", true)},
+			"exitA-v6|::/0":      {v6ExitRoute("exitA-v6", "p1")},
+			"exitB|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitB", "p2", true)},
+			"lan|192.168.1.0/24": {{NetID: "lan", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), Peer: "p3"}},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectRoutes_ExitNodeExclusivity(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newSelectionTestManager()
+
+	// Selecting an exit node selects its v6 pair and deselects the sibling.
+	require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitA"}, true))
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "exitA should be selected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA-v6"), "the v6 pair follows its v4 base")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "the sibling exit node must be deselected")
+
+	// Switching to the sibling deselects the previous exit node and its v6 pair.
+	require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitB"}, true))
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "exitB should now be selected")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "the previous exit node must be deselected")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA-v6"), "the previous exit node's v6 pair must be deselected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("lan"), "non-exit route selection is untouched")
+
+	// Selecting a non-exit route leaves the active exit node alone.
+	require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"lan"}, true))
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "selecting a non-exit route keeps the exit node")
+
+	// Deselecting the active exit node turns every exit node off.
+	require.NoError(t, m.deselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitB"}))
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "exitB should be deselected")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "exitA stays deselected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("lan"), "non-exit route selection is untouched")
+}
+
+func TestSelectRoutes_PartialErrorStillEnforcesExclusivity(t *testing.T) {
+	// The unknown ID must be reported, but the valid exit node in the same
+	// request is still selected — so its sibling must still be deselected.
+	// Both orderings are covered: processing must continue past the invalid
+	// ID wherever it sits in the request.
+	requests := map[string][]route.NetID{
+		"invalid id first": {"missing", "exitB"},
+		"invalid id last":  {"exitB", "missing"},
+	}
+
+	for name, ids := range requests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			m := newSelectionTestManager()
+
+			require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitA"}, true))
+
+			err := m.selectRoutes(ids, true)
+			assert.Error(t, err, "unknown id must be reported")
+			assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "valid exit node from the request is selected")
+			assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "sibling exit node must be deselected despite the error")
+			assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA-v6"), "sibling's v6 pair must be deselected too")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectAllRoutes_KeepsSingleExitNode(t *testing.T) {
+	// Both exit nodes are marked for auto-apply by management
+	// (SkipAutoApply=false), the state where select-all could turn on two at
+	// once without the immediate reconciliation.
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
+		clientRoutes: route.HAMap{
+			"exitA|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitA", "p1", false)},
+			"exitB|0.0.0.0/0":    {exitRoute("exitB", "p2", false)},
+			"lan|192.168.1.0/24": {{NetID: "lan", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), Peer: "p3"}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitB"}, true))
+
+	m.selectAllRoutes()
+
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("lan"), "non-exit routes are all selected")
+	assert.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitA"), "the deterministic management pick stays active")
+	assert.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exitB"), "select-all must not leave a second exit node active")
+}
+
+func TestSelectRoutes_UnknownRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newSelectionTestManager()
+
+	assert.Error(t, m.selectRoutes([]route.NetID{"missing"}, true), "selecting an unavailable route must fail")
+	assert.Error(t, m.deselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"missing"}), "deselecting an unavailable route must fail")
+}
+
+// newPartialFailureTestManager exercises the real install/remove path without
+// touching the system: the noop refcounter absorbs the route changes, and every
+// route already has a watcher, so none is started.
+func newPartialFailureTestManager() *DefaultManager {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	m := &DefaultManager{
+		ctx: ctx,
+		clientRoutes: route.HAMap{
+			"lan|192.168.1.0/24": {{NetID: "lan", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"), Peer: "p1"}},
+			"other|10.1.2.0/24":  {{NetID: "other", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.2.0/24"), Peer: "p2"}},
+		},
+		routeSelector:  routeselector.NewRouteSelector(),
+		notifier:       notifier.NewNotifier(),
+		statusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+		activeRoutes:   make(map[route.HAUniqueID]client.RouteHandler),
+		clientNetworks: map[route.HAUniqueID]*client.Watcher{
+			"lan|192.168.1.0/24": client.NewWatcher(client.WatcherConfig{Context: ctx}),
+			"other|10.1.2.0/24":  client.NewWatcher(client.WatcherConfig{Context: ctx}),
+		},
+	}
+	m.setupRefCounters(true)
+	return m
+}
+
+// Regression for the reported symptom: a partial failure returned before
+// TriggerSelection ran, so the valid route was marked selected while never
+// reaching the routing table (activeRoutes/ip route).
+func TestSelectRoutes_PartialFailureStillInstallsValidRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newPartialFailureTestManager()
+
+	err := m.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"missing", "lan"}, false)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err, "the unknown id must still be reported")
+	assert.Contains(t, m.activeRoutes, route.HAUniqueID("lan|192.168.1.0/24"), "the valid route must be installed despite the error")
+	assert.NotContains(t, m.activeRoutes, route.HAUniqueID("other|10.1.2.0/24"), "the deselected route must not be installed")
+}
+
+// Mirror of the case above: a partial failure must remove the valid route from
+// the routing table, not just mark it deselected in the selector.
+func TestDeselectRoutes_PartialFailureStillRemovesValidRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newPartialFailureTestManager()
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"lan", "other"}, false))
+	require.Contains(t, m.activeRoutes, route.HAUniqueID("lan|192.168.1.0/24"))
+	require.Contains(t, m.activeRoutes, route.HAUniqueID("other|10.1.2.0/24"))
+
+	err := m.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"missing", "other"})
+
+	assert.Error(t, err, "the unknown id must still be reported")
+	assert.NotContains(t, m.activeRoutes, route.HAUniqueID("other|10.1.2.0/24"), "the deselected route must be removed")
+	assert.Contains(t, m.activeRoutes, route.HAUniqueID("lan|192.168.1.0/24"), "the untouched route stays installed")
+}
+
+// The selection now runs on every request, including one where no ID is known
+// and the selector stays untouched. Nothing may be torn down or reinstalled on
+// that path.
+func TestSelectRoutes_TotalFailureLeavesInstalledRoutesAlone(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newPartialFailureTestManager()
+
+	require.NoError(t, m.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"lan", "other"}, false))
+	installed := maps.Keys(m.activeRoutes)
+
+	err := m.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"missing"}, false)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err, "the unknown id must still be reported")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, installed, maps.Keys(m.activeRoutes), "a fully invalid request must not disturb the routing table")
+}
+
+func TestExitNodeSelectionHelpers(t *testing.T) {
+	routesMap := map[route.NetID][]*route.Route{
+		"exitA": {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")}},
+		"exitB": {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")}},
+		"lan":   {{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16")}},
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"exitA"}, routesMap), "v4 default route is an exit node")
+	assert.True(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"exitB"}, routesMap), "v6 default route is an exit node")
+	assert.False(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"lan"}, routesMap), "lan route is not an exit node")
+	assert.False(t, requestActivatesExitNode([]route.NetID{"missing"}, routesMap), "unknown id is not an exit node")
+
+	others := otherExitNodeIDs(routesMap, []route.NetID{"exitB"})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []route.NetID{"exitA"}, others, "only the other exit node is a sibling; the lan route is ignored")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/selector_management_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/selector_management_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04659db65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/selector_management_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package routemanager
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routeselector"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func exitNodeRoutes(netID route.NetID, skipAutoApply bool) route.HAMap {
+	haID := route.HAUniqueID(string(netID) + "|0.0.0.0/0")
+	return route.HAMap{
+		haID: []*route.Route{
+			{
+				ID:            "r-" + route.ID(netID),
+				NetID:         netID,
+				Network:       netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+				NetworkType:   route.IPv4Network,
+				Enabled:       true,
+				SkipAutoApply: skipAutoApply,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateRouteSelectorFromManagement(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("management auto-apply selects exit node without user selection", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := &DefaultManager{routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector()}
+		routes := exitNodeRoutes("exit1", false)
+
+		m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+		require.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exit1"), "auto-apply exit node should be selected")
+		require.Len(t, m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes), 1, "selected exit node should pass the filter")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("management SkipAutoApply leaves exit node deselected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := &DefaultManager{routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector()}
+		routes := exitNodeRoutes("exit1", true)
+
+		m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+		require.False(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exit1"), "SkipAutoApply exit node should not be selected")
+		require.Empty(t, m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes), "deselected exit node should be filtered out")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("user selection is not overridden by management", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := &DefaultManager{routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector()}
+		require.NoError(t, m.routeSelector.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exit1"}, true, []route.NetID{"exit1"}))
+		routes := exitNodeRoutes("exit1", true)
+
+		m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+		require.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsSelected("exit1"), "explicit user selection must survive a management sync that wants to skip auto-apply")
+		require.Len(t, m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes), 1, "user-selected exit node should pass the filter")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("deselect-all is preserved across a management sync", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := &DefaultManager{routeSelector: routeselector.NewRouteSelector()}
+		m.routeSelector.DeselectAllRoutes()
+		routes := exitNodeRoutes("exit1", false)
+
+		m.updateRouteSelectorFromManagement(routes)
+
+		require.True(t, m.routeSelector.IsDeselectAll(), "an explicit deselect-all must not be cleared by management auto-apply")
+		require.Empty(t, m.routeSelector.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes), "no routes should be selected while deselect-all is set")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/server/server.go b/client/internal/routemanager/server/server.go
index e674c80cd..38d7f0db4 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/server/server.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/server/server.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ type Router struct {
 	firewall       firewall.Manager
 	wgInterface    iface.WGIface
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
+	useNewDNSRoute bool
 }
 
 func NewRouter(ctx context.Context, wgInterface iface.WGIface, firewall firewall.Manager, statusRecorder *peer.Status) (*Router, error) {
@@ -37,6 +38,8 @@ func (r *Router) UpdateRoutes(routesMap map[route.ID]*route.Route, useNewDNSRout
 	r.mux.Lock()
 	defer r.mux.Unlock()
 
+	prevUseNewDNSRoute := r.useNewDNSRoute
+
 	serverRoutesToRemove := make([]route.ID, 0)
 
 	for routeID := range r.routes {
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ func (r *Router) UpdateRoutes(routesMap map[route.ID]*route.Route, useNewDNSRout
 
 	for _, routeID := range serverRoutesToRemove {
 		oldRoute := r.routes[routeID]
-		err := r.removeFromServerNetwork(oldRoute)
+		err := r.removeFromServerNetwork(oldRoute, prevUseNewDNSRoute)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Unable to remove route id: %s, network %s, from server, got: %v",
 				oldRoute.ID, oldRoute.Network, err)
@@ -56,6 +59,8 @@ func (r *Router) UpdateRoutes(routesMap map[route.ID]*route.Route, useNewDNSRout
 		delete(r.routes, routeID)
 	}
 
+	r.useNewDNSRoute = useNewDNSRoute
+
 	// If routing is to be disabled, do it after routes have been removed
 	// If routing is to be enabled, do it before adding new routes; addToServerNetwork needs routing to be enabled
 	if len(routesMap) > 0 {
@@ -85,13 +90,13 @@ func (r *Router) UpdateRoutes(routesMap map[route.ID]*route.Route, useNewDNSRout
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (r *Router) removeFromServerNetwork(route *route.Route) error {
+func (r *Router) removeFromServerNetwork(route *route.Route, useNewDNSRoute bool) error {
 	if r.ctx.Err() != nil {
 		log.Infof("Not removing from server network because context is done")
 		return r.ctx.Err()
 	}
 
-	routerPair := routeToRouterPair(route, false)
+	routerPair := routeToRouterPair(route, useNewDNSRoute)
 	if err := r.firewall.RemoveNatRule(routerPair); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("remove routing rules: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -124,12 +129,20 @@ func (r *Router) CleanUp() {
 	defer r.mux.Unlock()
 
 	for _, route := range r.routes {
-		routerPair := routeToRouterPair(route, false)
+		routerPair := routeToRouterPair(route, r.useNewDNSRoute)
 		if err := r.firewall.RemoveNatRule(routerPair); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("Failed to remove cleanup route: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Give back the routing reference taken in UpdateRoutes, after the routes
+	// are gone as above. Without this the sysctls enabling it changed (IPv6
+	// forwarding and the accept_ra values that keep RA handling alive next to
+	// it) stay applied once the client stops.
+	if err := r.firewall.DisableRouting(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to disable routing: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	r.statusRecorder.CleanLocalPeerStateRoutes()
 }
 
@@ -146,8 +159,7 @@ func routeToRouterPair(route *route.Route, useNewDNSRoute bool) firewall.RouterP
 		if useNewDNSRoute {
 			destination.Set = firewall.NewDomainSet(route.Domains)
 		} else {
-			// TODO: add ipv6 additionally
-			destination = getDefaultPrefix(destination.Prefix)
+			destination = getDefaultPrefix(route.Network)
 		}
 	} else {
 		destination.Prefix = route.Network.Masked()
@@ -158,6 +170,7 @@ func routeToRouterPair(route *route.Route, useNewDNSRoute bool) firewall.RouterP
 		Source:      source,
 		Destination: destination,
 		Masquerade:  route.Masquerade,
+		Dynamic:     route.IsDynamic(),
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/server/server_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/server/server_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b42115e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/server/server_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	firewall "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/firewall/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// routingFirewall records the routing lifecycle calls the router makes. The
+// embedded interface covers the methods this test never reaches.
+type routingFirewall struct {
+	firewall.Manager
+
+	removed  []firewall.RouterPair
+	enabled  int
+	disabled int
+}
+
+func (f *routingFirewall) RemoveNatRule(pair firewall.RouterPair) error {
+	f.removed = append(f.removed, pair)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *routingFirewall) EnableRouting() error {
+	f.enabled++
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *routingFirewall) DisableRouting() error {
+	f.disabled++
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TestRouterCleanUpReleasesRouting covers the shutdown path: the router holds a
+// routing reference for as long as it serves routes, and CleanUp has to give it
+// back. Without that the sysctls the reference enabled (IPv6 forwarding and the
+// accept_ra values that keep RA handling working alongside it) stay applied
+// after the client stops, leaving the host configured as a router.
+func TestRouterCleanUpReleasesRouting(t *testing.T) {
+	fw := &routingFirewall{}
+	r := &Router{
+		ctx:            context.Background(),
+		firewall:       fw,
+		statusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder("https://mgm"),
+		routes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
+			"route-1": {
+				ID:          "route-1",
+				Network:     netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.55.0/24"),
+				NetworkType: route.IPv4Network,
+				Masquerade:  true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	r.CleanUp()
+
+	require.Len(t, fw.removed, 1, "the route's NAT rule must be removed")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, fw.disabled, "CleanUp must release the routing reference")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/static/route.go b/client/internal/routemanager/static/route.go
index d480fdf00..8ba03d090 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/static/route.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/static/route.go
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ type Route struct {
 	route                *route.Route
 	routeRefCounter      *refcounter.RouteRefCounter
 	allowedIPsRefcounter *refcounter.AllowedIPsRefCounter
+	// currentPeerKey is the routing peer this watcher currently has the prefix installed on
+	// (the HA winner elected by the watcher). It can differ from route.Peer and change on
+	// failover, so it is recorded on AddAllowedIPs and used on RemoveAllowedIPs to decrement
+	// the exact peer that was incremented.
+	currentPeerKey string
 }
 
 func NewRoute(params common.HandlerParams) *Route {
@@ -52,12 +57,15 @@ func (r *Route) AddAllowedIPs(peerKey string) error {
 			ref.Out,
 		)
 	}
+	r.currentPeerKey = peerKey
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (r *Route) RemoveAllowedIPs() error {
-	if _, err := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(r.route.Network); err != nil {
-		return err
+	var err error
+	if _, decErr := r.allowedIPsRefcounter.Decrement(r.route.Network, r.currentPeerKey); decErr != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("remove allowed IP %s: %w", r.route.Network, decErr)
 	}
-	return nil
+	r.currentPeerKey = ""
+	return err
 }
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/sysctl/sysctl_linux.go b/client/internal/routemanager/sysctl/sysctl_linux.go
index f96a57f37..bb131c691 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/sysctl/sysctl_linux.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/sysctl/sysctl_linux.go
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ const (
 	rpFilterPath          = "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter"
 	rpFilterInterfacePath = "net.ipv4.conf.%s.rp_filter"
 	srcValidMarkPath      = "net.ipv4.conf.all.src_valid_mark"
+	percentEscape         = "%25"
+	dotEscape             = "%2E"
 )
 
 type iface interface {
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ func Setup(wgIface iface) (map[string]int, error) {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		i := fmt.Sprintf(rpFilterInterfacePath, intf.Name)
+		i := fmt.Sprintf(rpFilterInterfacePath, EscapeInterfaceName(intf.Name))
 		oldVal, err := Set(i, 2, true)
 		if err != nil {
 			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
@@ -68,9 +70,20 @@ func Setup(wgIface iface) (map[string]int, error) {
 	return keys, nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
 }
 
+// EscapeInterfaceName escapes '%' and '.' in an interface name (e.g. VLANs
+// like eth0.100) so the name survives the dot-to-slash conversion in Set.
+func EscapeInterfaceName(name string) string {
+	safe := strings.ReplaceAll(name, "%", percentEscape)
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(safe, ".", dotEscape)
+}
+
 // Set sets a sysctl configuration, if onlyIfOne is true it will only set the new value if it's set to 1
 func Set(key string, desiredValue int, onlyIfOne bool) (int, error) {
-	path := fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/%s", strings.ReplaceAll(key, ".", "/"))
+	path := strings.ReplaceAll(key, ".", "/")
+	// Unescape interface dots and percent signs
+	path = strings.ReplaceAll(path, dotEscape, ".")
+	path = strings.ReplaceAll(path, percentEscape, "%")
+	path = fmt.Sprintf("/proc/sys/%s", path)
 	currentValue, err := os.ReadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return -1, fmt.Errorf("read sysctl %s: %w", key, err)
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_bsd.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_bsd.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45a1bfceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_bsd.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+
+package systemops
+
+// IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute reports whether an RTM_ADD default route with the
+// given flags should be ignored by the network monitor.
+func IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute(flags int) bool {
+	return filterRoutesByFlags(flags)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_darwin.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_darwin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8f655387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeflags_addfilter_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package systemops
+
+import "golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
+// IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute reports whether an RTM_ADD default route with the
+// given flags should be ignored by the network monitor. Scoped routes
+// (RTF_IFSCOPE) are tied to a specific interface index and cannot replace the
+// unscoped default the kernel uses for general egress, so flapping ones (e.g.
+// Wi-Fi calling IMS tunnels on ipsec0, Docker bridges, scoped utun defaults)
+// must not trigger an engine restart.
+func IgnoreAddedDefaultRoute(flags int) bool {
+	if filterRoutesByFlags(flags) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if flags&unix.RTF_IFSCOPE != 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeselection_windows_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeselection_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..108338dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/routeselection_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestSortRouteCandidates(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		candidates []candidateRoute
+		wantOrder  []uint32
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "longest prefix wins over metrics",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 1, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 0, interfaceMetric: 5},
+				{interfaceIndex: 2, prefixLength: 24, routeMetric: 100, interfaceMetric: 50},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{2, 1},
+		},
+		{
+			// Windows ranks equal-length prefixes by route metric + interface metric,
+			// so a higher route metric on a low metric interface can still win.
+			name: "combined metric beats route metric alone",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 8, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 0, interfaceMetric: 100},
+				{interfaceIndex: 5, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 10, interfaceMetric: 5},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{5, 8},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "lower combined metric wins",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 5, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 300, interfaceMetric: 5},
+				{interfaceIndex: 8, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 0, interfaceMetric: 100},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{8, 5},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "equal combined metric falls back to route metric",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 1, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 20, interfaceMetric: 10},
+				{interfaceIndex: 2, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 5, interfaceMetric: 25},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{2, 1},
+		},
+		{
+			// The metrics are uint32 on the Windows side, so the sum must not wrap.
+			name: "combined metric beyond the uint32 range",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 1, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: math.MaxUint32, interfaceMetric: 5},
+				{interfaceIndex: 2, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: math.MaxUint32 - 10, interfaceMetric: 5},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{2, 1},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unknown interface metric ranks on route metric only",
+			candidates: []candidateRoute{
+				{interfaceIndex: 1, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 30, interfaceMetric: -1},
+				{interfaceIndex: 2, prefixLength: 0, routeMetric: 5, interfaceMetric: 10},
+			},
+			wantOrder: []uint32{2, 1},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			sortRouteCandidates(tt.candidates)
+
+			got := make([]uint32, 0, len(tt.candidates))
+			for _, c := range tt.candidates {
+				got = append(got, c.interfaceIndex)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantOrder, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/rt_tables_linux_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/rt_tables_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc9cca8b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/rt_tables_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+//go:build linux && !android
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestEntryExists(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	tempFilePath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/rt_tables", tempDir)
+
+	content := []string{
+		"1000 reserved",
+		fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", NetbirdVPNTableID, NetbirdVPNTableName),
+		"9999 other_table",
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(tempFilePath, []byte(strings.Join(content, "\n")), 0644))
+
+	file, err := os.Open(tempFilePath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		assert.NoError(t, file.Close())
+	}()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		id          int
+		shouldExist bool
+		err         error
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "ExistsWithNetbirdPrefix",
+			id:          7120,
+			shouldExist: true,
+			err:         nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "ExistsWithDifferentName",
+			id:          1000,
+			shouldExist: true,
+			err:         ErrTableIDExists,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "DoesNotExist",
+			id:          1234,
+			shouldExist: false,
+			err:         nil,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			exists, err := entryExists(file, tc.id)
+			if tc.err != nil {
+				assert.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.err)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.shouldExist, exists)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go
index c0ca21d22..165448b60 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops.go
@@ -107,8 +107,16 @@ func (r *SysOps) validateRoute(prefix netip.Prefix) error {
 		addr.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast(),
 		addr.IsMulticast(),
 		addr.IsUnspecified() && prefix.Bits() != 0,
-		r.wgInterface.Address().Network.Contains(addr):
+		r.isOwnAddress(addr):
 		return vars.ErrRouteNotAllowed
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (r *SysOps) isOwnAddress(addr netip.Addr) bool {
+	if r.wgInterface == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	wgAddr := r.wgInterface.Address()
+	return wgAddr.Network.Contains(addr) || (wgAddr.IPv6Net.IsValid() && wgAddr.IPv6Net.Contains(addr))
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_android.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_android.go
index 7cb8dae93..97b4ed8ec 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_android.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_android.go
@@ -32,8 +32,17 @@ func (r *SysOps) removeFromRouteTable(netip.Prefix, Nexthop) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func EnableIPForwarding() error {
-	log.Infof("Enable IP forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+func EnableV4IPForwarding() error {
+	log.Infof("Enable IPv4 forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func EnableV6IPForwarding(string) (map[string]int, error) {
+	log.Infof("Enable IPv6 forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	return map[string]int{}, nil
+}
+
+func DisableV6IPForwarding(map[string]int) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_privileged_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d45028c19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+//go:build (darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd) && privileged
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os/exec"
+	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	testCases = append(testCases, []testCase{
+		{
+			name:              "To more specific route without custom dialer via vpn",
+			expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
+			dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
+			expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "10.10.0.2", 53),
+		},
+	}...)
+}
+
+func TestConcurrentRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	baseIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.0")
+
+	var intf *net.Interface
+	var nexthop Nexthop
+
+	_, intf = setupDummyInterface(t)
+	nexthop = Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}
+
+	r := New(nil, nil)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
+			if err := r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nexthop); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Failed to add route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
+			}
+		}(baseIP)
+		baseIP = baseIP.Next()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	baseIP = netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.0")
+
+	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
+			if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nexthop); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Failed to remove route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
+			}
+		}(baseIP)
+		baseIP = baseIP.Next()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func createAndSetupDummyInterface(t *testing.T, intf string, ipAddressCIDR string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		err := exec.Command("ifconfig", intf, "alias", ipAddressCIDR).Run()
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create loopback alias")
+
+		t.Cleanup(func() {
+			err := exec.Command("ifconfig", intf, ipAddressCIDR, "-alias").Run()
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove loopback alias")
+		})
+
+		return intf
+	}
+
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(ipAddressCIDR)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to parse prefix")
+
+	netIntf, err := net.InterfaceByName(intf)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to get interface by name")
+
+	nexthop := Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, netIntf}
+
+	r := New(nil, nil)
+	err = r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nexthop)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to add route to table")
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		err := r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nexthop)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove route from table")
+	})
+
+	return intf
+}
+
+func addDummyRoute(t *testing.T, dstCIDR string, gw netip.Addr, _ string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var originalNexthop net.IP
+	if dstCIDR == "0.0.0.0/0" {
+		var err error
+		originalNexthop, err = fetchOriginalGateway()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Failed to fetch original gateway: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		if output, err := exec.Command("route", "delete", "-net", dstCIDR).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Failed to delete route: %v, output: %s", err, output)
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if originalNexthop != nil {
+			err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", dstCIDR, originalNexthop.String()).Run()
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to restore original route")
+		}
+	})
+
+	err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", dstCIDR, gw.String()).Run()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to add route")
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		err := exec.Command("route", "delete", "-net", dstCIDR).Run()
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove route")
+	})
+}
+
+func fetchOriginalGateway() (net.IP, error) {
+	output, err := exec.Command("route", "-n", "get", "default").CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	matches := regexp.MustCompile(`gateway: (\S+)`).FindStringSubmatch(string(output))
+	if len(matches) == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gateway not found")
+	}
+
+	return net.ParseIP(matches[1]), nil
+}
+
+// setupDummyInterface creates a dummy tun interface for FreeBSD route testing
+func setupDummyInterface(t *testing.T) (netip.Addr, *net.Interface) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 2}), &net.Interface{Name: "lo0"}
+	}
+
+	output, err := exec.Command("ifconfig", "tun", "create").CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create tun interface: %s", string(output))
+
+	tunName := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+
+	output, err = exec.Command("ifconfig", tunName, "192.168.1.1", "netmask", "255.255.0.0", "192.168.1.2", "up").CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to configure tun interface: %s", string(output))
+
+	intf, err := net.InterfaceByName(tunName)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to get interface by name")
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := exec.Command("ifconfig", tunName, "destroy").Run(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Failed to destroy tun interface %s: %v", tunName, err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 2}), intf
+}
+
+func setupDummyInterfacesAndRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	defaultDummy := createAndSetupDummyInterface(t, expectedExternalInt, "192.168.0.1/24")
+	addDummyRoute(t, "0.0.0.0/0", netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 0, 1}), defaultDummy)
+
+	otherDummy := createAndSetupDummyInterface(t, expectedInternalInt, "192.168.1.1/24")
+	addDummyRoute(t, "10.0.0.0/8", netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 1}), otherDummy)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_test.go
index ec4fc406e..9650945b3 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_bsd_test.go
@@ -3,79 +3,24 @@
 package systemops
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os/exec"
-	"regexp"
-	"runtime"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"golang.org/x/net/route"
 )
 
+// Interface names used by the shared routing test fixtures. Kept untagged (no
+// privileged build tag) so the non-privileged test files in this package compile.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
 var expectedVPNint = "utun100"
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
 var expectedExternalInt = "lo0"
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
 var expectedInternalInt = "lo0"
 
-func init() {
-	testCases = append(testCases, []testCase{
-		{
-			name:              "To more specific route without custom dialer via vpn",
-			expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
-			dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
-			expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "10.10.0.2", 53),
-		},
-	}...)
-}
-
-func TestConcurrentRoutes(t *testing.T) {
-	baseIP := netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.0")
-
-	var intf *net.Interface
-	var nexthop Nexthop
-
-	_, intf = setupDummyInterface(t)
-	nexthop = Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}
-
-	r := New(nil, nil)
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
-			if err := r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nexthop); err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Failed to add route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
-			}
-		}(baseIP)
-		baseIP = baseIP.Next()
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	baseIP = netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.0")
-
-	for i := 0; i < 1024; i++ {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func(ip netip.Addr) {
-			defer wg.Done()
-			prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(ip, 32)
-			if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nexthop); err != nil {
-				t.Errorf("Failed to remove route for %s: %v", prefix, err)
-			}
-		}(baseIP)
-		baseIP = baseIP.Next()
-	}
-
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
 func TestBits(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
@@ -122,122 +67,3 @@ func TestBits(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func createAndSetupDummyInterface(t *testing.T, intf string, ipAddressCIDR string) string {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
-		err := exec.Command("ifconfig", intf, "alias", ipAddressCIDR).Run()
-		require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create loopback alias")
-
-		t.Cleanup(func() {
-			err := exec.Command("ifconfig", intf, ipAddressCIDR, "-alias").Run()
-			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove loopback alias")
-		})
-
-		return intf
-	}
-
-	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(ipAddressCIDR)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to parse prefix")
-
-	netIntf, err := net.InterfaceByName(intf)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to get interface by name")
-
-	nexthop := Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, netIntf}
-
-	r := New(nil, nil)
-	err = r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nexthop)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to add route to table")
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		err := r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nexthop)
-		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove route from table")
-	})
-
-	return intf
-}
-
-func addDummyRoute(t *testing.T, dstCIDR string, gw netip.Addr, _ string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	var originalNexthop net.IP
-	if dstCIDR == "0.0.0.0/0" {
-		var err error
-		originalNexthop, err = fetchOriginalGateway()
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Logf("Failed to fetch original gateway: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		if output, err := exec.Command("route", "delete", "-net", dstCIDR).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
-			t.Logf("Failed to delete route: %v, output: %s", err, output)
-		}
-	}
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		if originalNexthop != nil {
-			err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", dstCIDR, originalNexthop.String()).Run()
-			assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to restore original route")
-		}
-	})
-
-	err := exec.Command("route", "add", "-net", dstCIDR, gw.String()).Run()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to add route")
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		err := exec.Command("route", "delete", "-net", dstCIDR).Run()
-		assert.NoError(t, err, "Failed to remove route")
-	})
-}
-
-func fetchOriginalGateway() (net.IP, error) {
-	output, err := exec.Command("route", "-n", "get", "default").CombinedOutput()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	matches := regexp.MustCompile(`gateway: (\S+)`).FindStringSubmatch(string(output))
-	if len(matches) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gateway not found")
-	}
-
-	return net.ParseIP(matches[1]), nil
-}
-
-// setupDummyInterface creates a dummy tun interface for FreeBSD route testing
-func setupDummyInterface(t *testing.T) (netip.Addr, *net.Interface) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
-		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 2}), &net.Interface{Name: "lo0"}
-	}
-
-	output, err := exec.Command("ifconfig", "tun", "create").CombinedOutput()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create tun interface: %s", string(output))
-
-	tunName := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
-
-	output, err = exec.Command("ifconfig", tunName, "192.168.1.1", "netmask", "255.255.0.0", "192.168.1.2", "up").CombinedOutput()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to configure tun interface: %s", string(output))
-
-	intf, err := net.InterfaceByName(tunName)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to get interface by name")
-
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		if err := exec.Command("ifconfig", tunName, "destroy").Run(); err != nil {
-			t.Logf("Failed to destroy tun interface %s: %v", tunName, err)
-		}
-	})
-
-	return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 2}), intf
-}
-
-func setupDummyInterfacesAndRoutes(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	defaultDummy := createAndSetupDummyInterface(t, expectedExternalInt, "192.168.0.1/24")
-	addDummyRoute(t, "0.0.0.0/0", netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 0, 1}), defaultDummy)
-
-	otherDummy := createAndSetupDummyInterface(t, expectedInternalInt, "192.168.1.1/24")
-	addDummyRoute(t, "10.0.0.0/8", netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 168, 1, 1}), otherDummy)
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_darwin.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_darwin.go
index d6875ff95..3fcac4c6a 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_darwin.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_darwin.go
@@ -89,8 +89,16 @@ func (r *SysOps) installScopedDefaultFor(unspec netip.Addr) (bool, error) {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("unusable default nexthop for %s (no interface)", unspec)
 	}
 
+	reused := false
 	if err := r.addScopedDefault(unspec, nexthop); err != nil {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("add scoped default on %s: %w", nexthop.Intf.Name, err)
+		if !errors.Is(err, unix.EEXIST) {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("add scoped default on %s: %w", nexthop.Intf.Name, err)
+		}
+		// macOS installs its own RTF_IFSCOPE defaults for primary service
+		// selection on multi-NIC setups, so a route on this ifindex can
+		// already exist before we try. Binding to it via IP[V6]_BOUND_IF
+		// still produces the scoped lookup we need.
+		reused = true
 	}
 
 	af := unix.AF_INET
@@ -102,7 +110,11 @@ func (r *SysOps) installScopedDefaultFor(unspec netip.Addr) (bool, error) {
 	if nexthop.IP.IsValid() {
 		via = nexthop.IP.String()
 	}
-	log.Infof("installed scoped default route via %s on %s for %s", via, nexthop.Intf.Name, afOf(unspec))
+	verb := "installed"
+	if reused {
+		verb = "reused existing"
+	}
+	log.Infof("%s scoped default route via %s on %s for %s", verb, via, nexthop.Intf.Name, afOf(unspec))
 	return true, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_dialer_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_dialer_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f00f9099c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_dialer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+)
+
+// dialer is shared by the per-platform routing test cases. Kept untagged (no
+// privileged build tag) so the non-privileged test files compile on every platform.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+type dialer interface {
+	Dial(network, address string) (net.Conn, error)
+	DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic.go
index 4211eb057..bb9ac494d 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic.go
@@ -121,9 +121,12 @@ func (r *SysOps) addRouteToNonVPNIntf(prefix netip.Prefix, vpnIntf wgIface, init
 		return Nexthop{}, vars.ErrRouteNotAllowed
 	}
 
-	// Check if the prefix is part of any local subnets
-	if isLocal, subnet := r.isPrefixInLocalSubnets(prefix); isLocal {
-		return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("prefix %s is part of local subnet %s: %w", prefix, subnet, vars.ErrRouteNotAllowed)
+	// BSDs blackhole a /32 added inside a directly-connected subnet; Linux/Windows need it to beat the wt0 route.
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin", "freebsd", "netbsd", "openbsd", "dragonfly":
+		if isLocal, subnet := r.isPrefixInLocalSubnets(prefix); isLocal {
+			return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("prefix %s is part of local subnet %s: %w", prefix, subnet, vars.ErrRouteNotAllowed)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Determine the exit interface and next hop for the prefix, so we can add a specific route
@@ -221,30 +224,20 @@ func (r *SysOps) genericAddVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) er
 			return err
 		}
 
-		// TODO: remove once IPv6 is supported on the interface
-		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 1: %w", err)
-		}
-		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
-			if err2 := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err2 != nil {
-				log.Warnf("Failed to rollback route addition: %s", err2)
+		// When the interface has no v6, add v6 split-default as blackhole so
+		// unroutable v6 goes to WG (dropped, no AllowedIPs) instead of leaking
+		// to the system default route. When v6 is active, management sends ::/0
+		// as a separate route that the dedicated handler adds.
+		// Soft-fail: v6 blackhole is best-effort, don't abort v4 routing on failure.
+		if !r.wgInterface.Address().HasIPv6() {
+			if err := r.addV6SplitDefault(nextHop); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("failed to add v6 split-default blackhole: %s", err)
 			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 2: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		return nil
 	case vars.Defaultv6:
-		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 1: %w", err)
-		}
-		if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
-			if err2 := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err2 != nil {
-				log.Warnf("Failed to rollback route addition: %s", err2)
-			}
-			return fmt.Errorf("add unreachable route split 2: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
+		return r.addV6SplitDefault(nextHop)
 	}
 
 	return r.addToRouteTable(prefix, nextHop)
@@ -265,30 +258,42 @@ func (r *SysOps) genericRemoveVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface)
 			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
 		}
 
-		// TODO: remove once IPv6 is supported on the interface
-		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+		if !r.wgInterface.Address().HasIPv6() {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, r.removeV6SplitDefault(nextHop))
 		}
 
 		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
 	case vars.Defaultv6:
-		var result *multierror.Error
-		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-		if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
-			result = multierror.Append(result, err)
-		}
-
-		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
+		return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(r.removeV6SplitDefault(nextHop))
 	default:
 		return r.removeFromRouteTable(prefix, nextHop)
 	}
 }
 
+func (r *SysOps) addV6SplitDefault(nextHop Nexthop) error {
+	if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("add split 1: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := r.addToRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
+		if err2 := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err2 != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Failed to rollback v6 split-default: %s", err2)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("add split 2: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (r *SysOps) removeV6SplitDefault(nextHop Nexthop) *multierror.Error {
+	var result *multierror.Error
+	if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_1, nextHop); err != nil {
+		result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+	}
+	if err := r.removeFromRouteTable(splitDefaultv6_2, nextHop); err != nil {
+		result = multierror.Append(result, err)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
 func (r *SysOps) setupHooks(initAddresses []net.IP, stateManager *statemanager.Manager) error {
 	beforeHook := func(connID hooks.ConnectionID, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
 		if _, err := r.refCounter.IncrementWithID(string(connID), prefix, struct{}{}); err != nil {
@@ -342,6 +347,22 @@ func GetNextHop(ip netip.Addr) (Nexthop, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return Nexthop{}, fmt.Errorf("new netroute: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	// go-netroute v0.4.0 rejects unspecified destinations on Linux with a hard
+	// client-side check. Substitute the lowest non-loopback address so the
+	// lookup falls through to the default route (::1 / 127.0.0.1 would match
+	// loopback, ::/0.0.0.0 are unspec). BSD/Windows pass the query straight to
+	// the kernel and need no substitution.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" && ip.IsUnspecified() {
+		if ip.Is6() {
+			// ::2
+			ip = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{15: 2})
+		} else {
+			// 0.0.0.1
+			ip = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{0, 0, 0, 1})
+		}
+	}
+
 	intf, gateway, preferredSrc, err := r.Route(ip.AsSlice())
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("Failed to get route for %s: %v", ip, err)
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go
index 01916fbe3..c4f739c30 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_generic_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !android && !ios
+//go:build !android && !ios && privileged
 
 package systemops
 
@@ -21,15 +21,11 @@ import (
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface/wgaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/vars"
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
-type dialer interface {
-	Dial(network, address string) (net.Conn, error)
-	DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error)
-}
-
 func TestAddVPNRoute(t *testing.T) {
 	testCases := []struct {
 		name        string
@@ -354,9 +350,13 @@ func TestAddRouteToNonVPNIntf(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err, "Should be able to get IPv4 default route")
 			t.Logf("Initial IPv4 next hop: %s", initialNextHopV4)
 
+			if testCase.prefix.Addr().Is6() && !testCase.expectError {
+				ensureIPv6DefaultRoute(t)
+			}
+
 			initialNextHopV6, err := GetNextHop(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
 			if testCase.prefix.Addr().Is6() &&
-				(errors.Is(err, vars.ErrRouteNotFound) || initialNextHopV6.Intf != nil && strings.HasPrefix(initialNextHopV6.Intf.Name, "utun")) {
+				initialNextHopV6.Intf != nil && strings.HasPrefix(initialNextHopV6.Intf.Name, "utun") {
 				t.Skip("Skipping test as no ipv6 default route is available")
 			}
 			if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, vars.ErrRouteNotFound) {
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ func createWGInterface(t *testing.T, interfaceName, ipAddressCIDR string, listen
 
 	opts := iface.WGIFaceOpts{
 		IFaceName:    interfaceName,
-		Address:      ipAddressCIDR,
+		Address:      wgaddr.MustParseWGAddress(ipAddressCIDR),
 		WGPrivKey:    peerPrivateKey.String(),
 		WGPort:       listenPort,
 		MTU:          iface.DefaultMTU,
@@ -510,125 +510,3 @@ func setupTestEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	// unique route in vpn table
 	setupRouteAndCleanup(t, r, netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12"), intf)
 }
-
-func TestIsVpnRoute(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name           string
-		addr           string
-		vpnRoutes      []string
-		localRoutes    []string
-		expectedVpn    bool
-		expectedPrefix netip.Prefix
-	}{
-		{
-			name:           "Match in VPN routes",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    true,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Match in local routes",
-			addr:           "10.1.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "No match",
-			addr:           "172.16.0.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Default route ignored",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    true,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Default route matches but ignored",
-			addr:           "172.16.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Longest prefix match local",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Longest prefix match local multiple",
-			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26", "192.168.0.0/28"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/28"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
-			expectedVpn:    true,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn multiple",
-			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26"},
-			expectedVpn:    true,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/27"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:           "Duplicate prefix in both",
-			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
-			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
-			expectedVpn:    false,
-			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(tt.addr)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address %s: %v", tt.addr, err)
-			}
-
-			var vpnRoutes, localRoutes []netip.Prefix
-			for _, route := range tt.vpnRoutes {
-				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse VPN route %s: %v", route, err)
-				}
-				vpnRoutes = append(vpnRoutes, prefix)
-			}
-
-			for _, route := range tt.localRoutes {
-				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse local route %s: %v", route, err)
-				}
-				localRoutes = append(localRoutes, prefix)
-			}
-
-			isVpn, matchedPrefix := isVpnRoute(addr, vpnRoutes, localRoutes)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedVpn, isVpn, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn value")
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedPrefix, matchedPrefix, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn prefix")
-		})
-	}
-}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_ios.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_ios.go
index 99a363371..0cccd4962 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_ios.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_ios.go
@@ -58,8 +58,17 @@ func (r *SysOps) removeFromRouteTable(netip.Prefix, Nexthop) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func EnableIPForwarding() error {
-	log.Infof("Enable IP forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+func EnableV4IPForwarding() error {
+	log.Infof("Enable IPv4 forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func EnableV6IPForwarding(string) (map[string]int, error) {
+	log.Infof("Enable IPv6 forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	return map[string]int{}, nil
+}
+
+func DisableV6IPForwarding(map[string]int) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_isvpnroute_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_isvpnroute_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..677fe1287
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_isvpnroute_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestIsVpnRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		addr           string
+		vpnRoutes      []string
+		localRoutes    []string
+		expectedVpn    bool
+		expectedPrefix netip.Prefix
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "Match in VPN routes",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Match in local routes",
+			addr:           "10.1.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "No match",
+			addr:           "172.16.0.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Default route ignored",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Default route matches but ignored",
+			addr:           "172.16.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"0.0.0.0/0", "192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.Prefix{},
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match local",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match local multiple",
+			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26", "192.168.0.0/28"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/28"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/16"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Longest prefix match vpn multiple",
+			addr:           "192.168.0.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.0.0/16", "192.168.0.0/25", "192.168.0.0/27"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.0.0/26"},
+			expectedVpn:    true,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/27"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Duplicate prefix in both",
+			addr:           "192.168.1.1",
+			vpnRoutes:      []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			localRoutes:    []string{"192.168.1.0/24"},
+			expectedVpn:    false,
+			expectedPrefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(tt.addr)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to parse address %s: %v", tt.addr, err)
+			}
+
+			var vpnRoutes, localRoutes []netip.Prefix
+			for _, route := range tt.vpnRoutes {
+				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse VPN route %s: %v", route, err)
+				}
+				vpnRoutes = append(vpnRoutes, prefix)
+			}
+
+			for _, route := range tt.localRoutes {
+				prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(route)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("Failed to parse local route %s: %v", route, err)
+				}
+				localRoutes = append(localRoutes, prefix)
+			}
+
+			isVpn, matchedPrefix := isVpnRoute(addr, vpnRoutes, localRoutes)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedVpn, isVpn, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn value")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedPrefix, matchedPrefix, "isVpnRoute should return expectedVpn prefix")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go
index 39a9fd978..7d608d886 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux.go
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ const (
 
 	// ipv4ForwardingPath is the path to the file containing the IP forwarding setting.
 	ipv4ForwardingPath = "net.ipv4.ip_forward"
+	// ipv6ForwardingPath is the path to the file containing the IPv6 forwarding setting.
+	ipv6ForwardingPath = "net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding"
 )
 
 var ErrTableIDExists = errors.New("ID exists with different name")
@@ -185,10 +187,11 @@ func (r *SysOps) AddVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error {
 
 	// No need to check if routes exist as main table takes precedence over the VPN table via Rule 1
 
-	// TODO remove this once we have ipv6 support
-	if prefix == vars.Defaultv4 {
+	// When the peer has no IPv6, blackhole v6 to prevent leaking.
+	// When IPv6 is enabled, management sends ::/0 as a separate route.
+	if prefix == vars.Defaultv4 && (r.wgInterface == nil || !r.wgInterface.Address().HasIPv6()) {
 		if err := addUnreachableRoute(vars.Defaultv6, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("add blackhole: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("add v6 blackhole: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 	if err := addRoute(prefix, Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
@@ -206,10 +209,9 @@ func (r *SysOps) RemoveVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error
 		return r.genericRemoveVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
 	}
 
-	// TODO remove this once we have ipv6 support
-	if prefix == vars.Defaultv4 {
+	if prefix == vars.Defaultv4 && (r.wgInterface == nil || !r.wgInterface.Address().HasIPv6()) {
 		if err := removeUnreachableRoute(vars.Defaultv6, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("remove unreachable route: %w", err)
+			log.Debugf("remove v6 blackhole: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 	if err := removeRoute(prefix, Nexthop{netip.Addr{}, intf}, NetbirdVPNTableID); err != nil {
@@ -761,9 +763,11 @@ func flushRoutes(tableID, family int) error {
 	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
 }
 
-func EnableIPForwarding() error {
-	_, err := sysctl.Set(ipv4ForwardingPath, 1, false)
-	return err
+func EnableV4IPForwarding() error {
+	if _, err := sysctl.Set(ipv4ForwardingPath, 1, false); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // entryExists checks if the specified ID or name already exists in the rt_tables file
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux_test.go
index 880296d91..06c528ce5 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_linux_test.go
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-//go:build !android
+//go:build linux && !android && privileged
 
 package systemops
 
 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -18,10 +15,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/vars"
 )
 
-var expectedVPNint = "wgtest0"
-var expectedExternalInt = "dummyext0"
-var expectedInternalInt = "dummyint0"
-
 func init() {
 	testCases = append(testCases, []testCase{
 		{
@@ -33,62 +26,6 @@ func init() {
 	}...)
 }
 
-func TestEntryExists(t *testing.T) {
-	tempDir := t.TempDir()
-	tempFilePath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/rt_tables", tempDir)
-
-	content := []string{
-		"1000 reserved",
-		fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", NetbirdVPNTableID, NetbirdVPNTableName),
-		"9999 other_table",
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(tempFilePath, []byte(strings.Join(content, "\n")), 0644))
-
-	file, err := os.Open(tempFilePath)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer func() {
-		assert.NoError(t, file.Close())
-	}()
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		id          int
-		shouldExist bool
-		err         error
-	}{
-		{
-			name:        "ExistsWithNetbirdPrefix",
-			id:          7120,
-			shouldExist: true,
-			err:         nil,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "ExistsWithDifferentName",
-			id:          1000,
-			shouldExist: true,
-			err:         ErrTableIDExists,
-		},
-		{
-			name:        "DoesNotExist",
-			id:          1234,
-			shouldExist: false,
-			err:         nil,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			exists, err := entryExists(file, tc.id)
-			if tc.err != nil {
-				assert.ErrorIs(t, err, tc.err)
-			} else {
-				assert.NoError(t, err)
-			}
-			assert.Equal(t, tc.shouldExist, exists)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 func createAndSetupDummyInterface(t *testing.T, interfaceName, ipAddressCIDR string) string {
 	t.Helper()
 
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_nonlinux.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_nonlinux.go
index 016a62ebd..837ac0cd2 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_nonlinux.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_nonlinux.go
@@ -43,8 +43,17 @@ func (r *SysOps) RemoveVPNRoute(prefix netip.Prefix, intf *net.Interface) error
 	return r.genericRemoveVPNRoute(prefix, intf)
 }
 
-func EnableIPForwarding() error {
-	log.Infof("Enable IP forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+func EnableV4IPForwarding() error {
+	log.Infof("Enable IPv4 forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func EnableV6IPForwarding(string) (map[string]int, error) {
+	log.Infof("Enable IPv6 forwarding is not implemented on %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	return map[string]int{}, nil
+}
+
+func DisableV6IPForwarding(map[string]int) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_routing_data_linux_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_routing_data_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9be267980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_routing_data_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build linux && !android
+
+package systemops
+
+// Interface names used by the shared routing test fixtures. Kept untagged (no
+// privileged build tag) so the non-privileged test files in this package compile.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+var expectedVPNint = "wgtest0"
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+var expectedExternalInt = "dummyext0"
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+var expectedInternalInt = "dummyint0"
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_routing_data_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_routing_data_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16f17f5b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_routing_data_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+//go:build (linux && !android) || (darwin && !ios) || freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
+)
+
+// Shared, non-privileged routing test fixtures. The privileged TestRouting (and its
+// per-platform init() appenders) consume these; they live here so the unprivileged
+// BSD/darwin test files compile without the privileged build tag.
+
+type PacketExpectation struct {
+	SrcIP   net.IP
+	DstIP   net.IP
+	SrcPort int
+	DstPort int
+	UDP     bool
+	TCP     bool
+}
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+type testCase struct {
+	name              string
+	expectedInterface string
+	dialer            dialer
+	expectedPacket    PacketExpectation
+}
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+var testCases = []testCase{
+	{
+		name:              "To external host without custom dialer via vpn",
+		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
+		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
+	},
+	{
+		name:              "To external host with custom dialer via physical interface",
+		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
+		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
+	},
+
+	{
+		name:              "To duplicate internal route with custom dialer via physical interface",
+		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
+		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
+	},
+	{
+		name:              "To duplicate internal route without custom dialer via physical interface", // local route takes precedence
+		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
+		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
+	},
+
+	{
+		name:              "To unique vpn route with custom dialer via physical interface",
+		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
+		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
+	},
+	{
+		name:              "To unique vpn route without custom dialer via vpn",
+		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
+		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
+		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
+	},
+}
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+func createPacketExpectation(srcIP string, srcPort int, dstIP string, dstPort int) PacketExpectation {
+	return PacketExpectation{
+		SrcIP:   net.ParseIP(srcIP),
+		DstIP:   net.ParseIP(dstIP),
+		SrcPort: srcPort,
+		DstPort: dstPort,
+		UDP:     true,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix_test.go
index 959c697e4..efb0ae4e4 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_unix_test.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build (linux && !android) || (darwin && !ios) || freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly
+//go:build ((linux && !android) || (darwin && !ios) || freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly) && privileged
 
 package systemops
 
@@ -20,63 +20,6 @@ import (
 	nbnet "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/net"
 )
 
-type PacketExpectation struct {
-	SrcIP   net.IP
-	DstIP   net.IP
-	SrcPort int
-	DstPort int
-	UDP     bool
-	TCP     bool
-}
-
-type testCase struct {
-	name              string
-	expectedInterface string
-	dialer            dialer
-	expectedPacket    PacketExpectation
-}
-
-var testCases = []testCase{
-	{
-		name:              "To external host without custom dialer via vpn",
-		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
-		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
-	},
-	{
-		name:              "To external host with custom dialer via physical interface",
-		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
-		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "192.0.2.1", 53),
-	},
-
-	{
-		name:              "To duplicate internal route with custom dialer via physical interface",
-		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
-		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
-	},
-	{
-		name:              "To duplicate internal route without custom dialer via physical interface", // local route takes precedence
-		expectedInterface: expectedInternalInt,
-		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.1.1", 12345, "10.0.0.2", 53),
-	},
-
-	{
-		name:              "To unique vpn route with custom dialer via physical interface",
-		expectedInterface: expectedExternalInt,
-		dialer:            nbnet.NewDialer(),
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("192.168.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
-	},
-	{
-		name:              "To unique vpn route without custom dialer via vpn",
-		expectedInterface: expectedVPNint,
-		dialer:            &net.Dialer{},
-		expectedPacket:    createPacketExpectation("100.64.0.1", 12345, "172.16.0.2", 53),
-	},
-}
-
 func TestRouting(t *testing.T) {
 	nbnet.Init()
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
@@ -102,16 +45,6 @@ func TestRouting(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func createPacketExpectation(srcIP string, srcPort int, dstIP string, dstPort int) PacketExpectation {
-	return PacketExpectation{
-		SrcIP:   net.ParseIP(srcIP),
-		DstIP:   net.ParseIP(dstIP),
-		SrcPort: srcPort,
-		DstPort: dstPort,
-		UDP:     true,
-	}
-}
-
 func startPacketCapture(t *testing.T, intf, filter string) *pcap.Handle {
 	t.Helper()
 
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go
index 7bce6af80..47d556cf6 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows.go
@@ -882,26 +882,40 @@ func getInterfaceMetric(interfaceIndex uint32, family int16) int {
 	return int(ipInterfaceRow.Metric)
 }
 
-// sortRouteCandidates sorts route candidates by priority: prefix length -> route metric -> interface metric
+// sortRouteCandidates sorts route candidates by priority: prefix length -> combined metric -> route metric.
+// Windows prefers the longest matching prefix and, among prefixes of the same length, the lowest metric, see
+// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/customize/desktop/unattend/microsoft-windows-tcpip-interfaces-interface-routes-route-metric
 func sortRouteCandidates(candidates []candidateRoute) {
 	sort.Slice(candidates, func(i, j int) bool {
 		if candidates[i].prefixLength != candidates[j].prefixLength {
 			return candidates[i].prefixLength > candidates[j].prefixLength
 		}
-		if candidates[i].routeMetric != candidates[j].routeMetric {
-			return candidates[i].routeMetric < candidates[j].routeMetric
+		mi, mj := combinedMetric(candidates[i]), combinedMetric(candidates[j])
+		if mi != mj {
+			return mi < mj
 		}
-		return candidates[i].interfaceMetric < candidates[j].interfaceMetric
+		return candidates[i].routeMetric < candidates[j].routeMetric
 	})
 }
 
+// combinedMetric returns the effective metric Windows uses to rank routes with an equal prefix length:
+// the sum of the route metric and the metric of the interface the route is on, see
+// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/networking/technologies/network-subsystem/net-sub-interface-metric
+// An unknown interface metric contributes nothing.
+func combinedMetric(candidate candidateRoute) uint64 {
+	if candidate.interfaceMetric < 0 {
+		return uint64(candidate.routeMetric)
+	}
+	return uint64(candidate.routeMetric) + uint64(candidate.interfaceMetric)
+}
+
 // GetBestInterface finds the best interface for reaching a destination,
 // excluding the VPN interface to avoid routing loops.
 //
 // Route selection priority:
 // 1. Longest prefix match (most specific route)
-// 2. Lowest route metric
-// 3. Lowest interface metric
+// 2. Lowest combined metric (route metric + interface metric)
+// 3. Lowest route metric.
 func GetBestInterface(dest netip.Addr, vpnIntf string) (*net.Interface, error) {
 	var skipInterfaceIndex int
 	if vpnIntf != "" {
@@ -925,7 +939,6 @@ func GetBestInterface(dest netip.Addr, vpnIntf string) (*net.Interface, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no route to %s", dest)
 	}
 
-	// Sort routes: prefix length -> route metric -> interface metric
 	sortRouteCandidates(candidates)
 
 	for _, candidate := range candidates {
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows_test.go
index 3561adec4..77e349bd6 100644
--- a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/systemops_windows_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build windows && privileged
+
 package systemops
 
 import (
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6forwarding_linux.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6forwarding_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1e0d4588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6forwarding_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+//go:build !android
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nberrors "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/routemanager/sysctl"
+)
+
+const (
+	// 1 (default) accepts RAs only while forwarding is off; 2 keeps RA
+	// acceptance on regardless, so RA-installed host defaults survive our
+	// v6 forwarding flip.
+	acceptRAInterfacePath  = "net.ipv6.conf.%s.accept_ra"
+	acceptRADefaultPath    = "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra"
+	acceptRAProcPathFormat = "/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/%s/accept_ra"
+)
+
+// EnableV6IPForwarding bumps accept_ra=2 on host v6 interfaces before flipping
+// forwarding=1, so RA-installed host defaults survive. Returns the prior values
+// of sysctls we actually changed; entries already at the target are omitted.
+func EnableV6IPForwarding(wgIfaceName string) (map[string]int, error) {
+	saved := map[string]int{}
+	bumpAcceptRA(saved, wgIfaceName)
+
+	oldVal, err := sysctl.Set(ipv6ForwardingPath, 1, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return saved, err
+	}
+	if oldVal != 1 {
+		saved[ipv6ForwardingPath] = oldVal
+	}
+	return saved, nil
+}
+
+// DisableV6IPForwarding restores what EnableV6IPForwarding captured.
+func DisableV6IPForwarding(saved map[string]int) error {
+	var result *multierror.Error
+	for key, value := range saved {
+		if _, err := sysctl.Set(key, value, false); err != nil {
+			result = multierror.Append(result, fmt.Errorf("restore %s: %w", key, err))
+		}
+	}
+	return nberrors.FormatErrorOrNil(result)
+}
+
+func bumpAcceptRA(saved map[string]int, wgIfaceName string) {
+	// Also bump conf.default so interfaces created while forwarding is on
+	// (hotplug, new Wi-Fi/dock) inherit accept_ra=2 and keep accepting RAs.
+	bumpAcceptRAKey(saved, acceptRADefaultPath)
+
+	interfaces, err := net.Interfaces()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("list interfaces for accept_ra: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	for _, intf := range interfaces {
+		if intf.Name == "lo" || intf.Name == wgIfaceName {
+			continue
+		}
+		bumpAcceptRAForInterface(saved, intf.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+func bumpAcceptRAForInterface(saved map[string]int, name string) {
+	// Build procfs path from name, not the dotted key: VLAN names like eth0.100.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(fmt.Sprintf(acceptRAProcPathFormat, name)); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	bumpAcceptRAKey(saved, fmt.Sprintf(acceptRAInterfacePath, sysctl.EscapeInterfaceName(name)))
+}
+
+func bumpAcceptRAKey(saved map[string]int, key string) {
+	// onlyIfOne=true: leave admin overrides (0, 2) alone.
+	oldVal, err := sysctl.Set(key, 2, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("bump %s: %v", key, err)
+		return
+	}
+	// With onlyIfOne, a write only happened when the old value was 1; values
+	// left untouched (0, 2) must not be recorded for restore.
+	if oldVal == 1 {
+		saved[key] = oldVal
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_bsd_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_bsd_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90e49f54e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_bsd_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//go:build darwin || dragonfly || freebsd || netbsd || openbsd
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os/exec"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// ensureIPv6DefaultRoute installs an IPv6 default route via the loopback
+// interface so route lookups for global IPv6 prefixes resolve in environments
+// without v6 connectivity. If a default already exists it is left alone.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+func ensureIPv6DefaultRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("route", "-6", "add", "default", "-iface", "lo0").CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Existing default; nothing to install or clean up.
+		if bytes.Contains(out, []byte("route already in table")) {
+			return
+		}
+		t.Skipf("install IPv6 fallback default route: %v: %s", err, out)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if out, err := exec.Command("route", "-6", "delete", "default").CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("delete IPv6 fallback default route: %v: %s", err, out)
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_linux_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8c0012d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+//go:build linux && !android && privileged
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+)
+
+// ensureIPv6DefaultRoute installs a low-preference IPv6 default route via the
+// loopback interface so route lookups for global IPv6 prefixes resolve in
+// environments without v6 connectivity. Any pre-existing default route wins
+// because of its lower metric.
+func ensureIPv6DefaultRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	lo, err := netlink.LinkByName("lo")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "find loopback interface")
+
+	route := &netlink.Route{
+		Dst:       &net.IPNet{IP: net.IPv6zero, Mask: net.CIDRMask(0, 128)},
+		LinkIndex: lo.Attrs().Index,
+		Priority:  1 << 20,
+	}
+	if err := netlink.RouteAdd(route); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST) {
+			requireUsableIPv6Nexthop(t)
+			return
+		}
+		t.Skipf("install IPv6 fallback default route: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := netlink.RouteDel(route); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
+			t.Logf("delete IPv6 fallback default route: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	requireUsableIPv6Nexthop(t)
+}
+
+// requireUsableIPv6Nexthop skips the test unless the resolved IPv6 default
+// nexthop can actually carry a route. Installing the default route succeeding
+// does not imply the kernel accepts it as a nexthop for a concrete prefix.
+func requireUsableIPv6Nexthop(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	nexthop, err := GetNextHop(netip.IPv6Unspecified())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("resolve IPv6 default nexthop: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	probe := &netlink.Route{
+		Scope:  netlink.SCOPE_UNIVERSE,
+		Table:  syscall.RT_TABLE_MAIN,
+		Family: netlink.FAMILY_V6,
+		Dst:    &net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100::64"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(128, 128)},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, addNextHop(nexthop, probe), "build IPv6 probe route")
+
+	switch err := netlink.RouteAdd(probe); {
+	case err == nil:
+		if err := netlink.RouteDel(probe); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
+			t.Logf("delete IPv6 probe route: %v", err)
+		}
+	case errors.Is(err, syscall.EEXIST):
+	default:
+		t.Skipf("IPv6 nexthop %s unusable for route installation: %v", nexthop, err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_windows_test.go b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c813a790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/routemanager/systemops/v6route_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package systemops
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os/exec"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+const loopbackIfaceWindows = "Loopback Pseudo-Interface 1"
+
+// ensureIPv6DefaultRoute installs an IPv6 default route via the loopback
+// interface so route lookups for global IPv6 prefixes resolve in environments
+// without v6 connectivity. If a default already exists it is left alone.
+//
+//nolint:unused // consumed by the privileged-tagged routing tests
+func ensureIPv6DefaultRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	script := `New-NetRoute -DestinationPrefix "::/0" -InterfaceAlias "` + loopbackIfaceWindows + `" -RouteMetric 9999 -PolicyStore ActiveStore -ErrorAction Stop`
+	out, err := exec.Command("powershell", "-Command", script).CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Existing default; nothing to install or clean up.
+		if bytes.Contains(out, []byte("already exists")) {
+			return
+		}
+		t.Skipf("install IPv6 fallback default route: %v: %s", err, out)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		script := `Remove-NetRoute -DestinationPrefix "::/0" -InterfaceAlias "` + loopbackIfaceWindows + `" -Confirm:$false -ErrorAction Stop`
+		if out, err := exec.Command("powershell", "-Command", script).CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("delete IPv6 fallback default route: %v: %s", err, out)
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routeselector/routeselector.go b/client/internal/routeselector/routeselector.go
index 61c8bbc79..8a64ad316 100644
--- a/client/internal/routeselector/routeselector.go
+++ b/client/internal/routeselector/routeselector.go
@@ -7,16 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/errors"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
-const (
-	exitNodeCIDR = "0.0.0.0/0"
-)
-
 type RouteSelector struct {
 	mu               sync.RWMutex
 	deselectedRoutes map[route.NetID]struct{}
@@ -37,6 +32,22 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) SelectRoutes(routes []route.NetID, appendRoute bool, al
 	rs.mu.Lock()
 	defer rs.mu.Unlock()
 
+	// Validate before mutating: a non-append selection wipes the current selection
+	// first, so a request of only unavailable routes would deselect everything and
+	// put nothing back. An empty request means deselect all, so it still goes through.
+	var err *multierror.Error
+	available := make([]route.NetID, 0, len(routes))
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if !slices.Contains(allRoutes, r) {
+			err = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("route '%s' is not available", r))
+			continue
+		}
+		available = append(available, r)
+	}
+	if len(available) == 0 && err != nil {
+		return errors.FormatErrorOrNil(err)
+	}
+
 	if !appendRoute || rs.deselectAll {
 		if rs.deselectedRoutes == nil {
 			rs.deselectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
@@ -44,21 +55,16 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) SelectRoutes(routes []route.NetID, appendRoute bool, al
 		if rs.selectedRoutes == nil {
 			rs.selectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
 		}
-		maps.Clear(rs.deselectedRoutes)
-		maps.Clear(rs.selectedRoutes)
+		clear(rs.deselectedRoutes)
+		clear(rs.selectedRoutes)
 		for _, r := range allRoutes {
 			rs.deselectedRoutes[r] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
 
-	var err *multierror.Error
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		if !slices.Contains(allRoutes, route) {
-			err = multierror.Append(err, fmt.Errorf("route '%s' is not available", route))
-			continue
-		}
-		delete(rs.deselectedRoutes, route)
-		rs.selectedRoutes[route] = struct{}{}
+	for _, r := range available {
+		delete(rs.deselectedRoutes, r)
+		rs.selectedRoutes[r] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
 	rs.deselectAll = false
@@ -78,8 +84,8 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) SelectAllRoutes() {
 	if rs.selectedRoutes == nil {
 		rs.selectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
 	}
-	maps.Clear(rs.deselectedRoutes)
-	maps.Clear(rs.selectedRoutes)
+	clear(rs.deselectedRoutes)
+	clear(rs.selectedRoutes)
 }
 
 // DeselectRoutes removes specific routes from the selection.
@@ -116,8 +122,47 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) DeselectAllRoutes() {
 	if rs.selectedRoutes == nil {
 		rs.selectedRoutes = map[route.NetID]struct{}{}
 	}
-	maps.Clear(rs.deselectedRoutes)
-	maps.Clear(rs.selectedRoutes)
+	clear(rs.deselectedRoutes)
+	clear(rs.selectedRoutes)
+}
+
+// SetExclusiveExitNode atomically makes preferred the only selected exit node
+// among exitIDs: every other ID in exitIDs is deselected and preferred (when
+// non-empty) is selected, all under a single lock. Holding the lock across the
+// whole reconciliation prevents a concurrent DeselectAllRoutes from interleaving
+// between the deselect and select steps and being silently undone. A global
+// deselect-all is left untouched so the user's "all off" stays in effect;
+// non-exit routes are never referenced, so their selection is preserved.
+func (rs *RouteSelector) SetExclusiveExitNode(preferred route.NetID, exitIDs []route.NetID) {
+	rs.mu.Lock()
+	defer rs.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if rs.deselectAll {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, id := range exitIDs {
+		if id == preferred {
+			continue
+		}
+		rs.deselectedRoutes[id] = struct{}{}
+		delete(rs.selectedRoutes, id)
+	}
+
+	if preferred != "" {
+		delete(rs.deselectedRoutes, preferred)
+		rs.selectedRoutes[preferred] = struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+// IsDeselectAll reports whether the global "deselect all" flag is set, i.e. the
+// user explicitly disabled every route. Callers enforcing per-route invariants
+// (e.g. single exit node) should leave the selection untouched when it is.
+func (rs *RouteSelector) IsDeselectAll() bool {
+	rs.mu.RLock()
+	defer rs.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return rs.deselectAll
 }
 
 // IsSelected checks if a specific route is selected.
@@ -125,13 +170,34 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) IsSelected(routeID route.NetID) bool {
 	rs.mu.RLock()
 	defer rs.mu.RUnlock()
 
+	return rs.isSelectedLocked(routeID)
+}
+
+// SyncPairedSelection forces pairedID's explicit selection state to match baseID's,
+// so a synthesized "-v6" exit route always follows its v4 base: selecting or
+// deselecting the v4 exit node governs the ::/0 pair, and any stale (orphaned)
+// explicit state on the v6 entry is reset. The v4/v6 exit pair is treated as a single
+// toggle, so the v6 entry carries no independent selection of its own.
+func (rs *RouteSelector) SyncPairedSelection(baseID, pairedID route.NetID) {
+	rs.mu.Lock()
+	defer rs.mu.Unlock()
+
 	if rs.deselectAll {
-		return false
+		return
 	}
 
-	_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[routeID]
-	isSelected := !deselected
-	return isSelected
+	_, baseSelected := rs.selectedRoutes[baseID]
+	_, baseDeselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[baseID]
+
+	delete(rs.selectedRoutes, pairedID)
+	delete(rs.deselectedRoutes, pairedID)
+
+	switch {
+	case baseSelected:
+		rs.selectedRoutes[pairedID] = struct{}{}
+	case baseDeselected:
+		rs.deselectedRoutes[pairedID] = struct{}{}
+	}
 }
 
 // FilterSelected removes unselected routes from the provided map.
@@ -145,23 +211,21 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) FilterSelected(routes route.HAMap) route.HAMap {
 
 	filtered := route.HAMap{}
 	for id, rt := range routes {
-		netID := id.NetID()
-		_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[netID]
-		if !deselected {
+		if !rs.isDeselectedLocked(id.NetID()) {
 			filtered[id] = rt
 		}
 	}
 	return filtered
 }
 
-// HasUserSelectionForRoute returns true if the user has explicitly selected or deselected this specific route
+// HasUserSelectionForRoute returns true if the user has explicitly selected or deselected this route.
+// The lookup is literal; v4/v6 exit pairs are kept consistent at write time via SyncPairedSelection,
+// so a synthesized "-v6" entry carries the same explicit state as its v4 base.
 func (rs *RouteSelector) HasUserSelectionForRoute(routeID route.NetID) bool {
 	rs.mu.RLock()
 	defer rs.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	_, selected := rs.selectedRoutes[routeID]
-	_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[routeID]
-	return selected || deselected
+	return rs.hasUserSelectionForRouteLocked(routeID)
 }
 
 func (rs *RouteSelector) FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes route.HAMap) route.HAMap {
@@ -175,7 +239,7 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes route.HAMap) route.HAMap
 	filtered := make(route.HAMap, len(routes))
 	for id, rt := range routes {
 		netID := id.NetID()
-		if rs.isDeselected(netID) {
+		if rs.isDeselectedLocked(netID) {
 			continue
 		}
 
@@ -190,51 +254,6 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes route.HAMap) route.HAMap
 	return filtered
 }
 
-func (rs *RouteSelector) isDeselected(netID route.NetID) bool {
-	_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[netID]
-	return deselected || rs.deselectAll
-}
-
-func isExitNode(rt []*route.Route) bool {
-	return len(rt) > 0 && rt[0].Network.String() == exitNodeCIDR
-}
-
-func (rs *RouteSelector) applyExitNodeFilter(
-	id route.HAUniqueID,
-	netID route.NetID,
-	rt []*route.Route,
-	out route.HAMap,
-) {
-
-	if rs.hasUserSelections() {
-		// user made explicit selects/deselects
-		if rs.IsSelected(netID) {
-			out[id] = rt
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	// no explicit selections: only include routes marked !SkipAutoApply (=AutoApply)
-	sel := collectSelected(rt)
-	if len(sel) > 0 {
-		out[id] = sel
-	}
-}
-
-func (rs *RouteSelector) hasUserSelections() bool {
-	return len(rs.selectedRoutes) > 0 || len(rs.deselectedRoutes) > 0
-}
-
-func collectSelected(rt []*route.Route) []*route.Route {
-	var sel []*route.Route
-	for _, r := range rt {
-		if !r.SkipAutoApply {
-			sel = append(sel, r)
-		}
-	}
-	return sel
-}
-
 // MarshalJSON implements the json.Marshaler interface
 func (rs *RouteSelector) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	rs.mu.RLock()
@@ -288,3 +307,59 @@ func (rs *RouteSelector) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (rs *RouteSelector) isSelectedLocked(routeID route.NetID) bool {
+	if rs.deselectAll {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[routeID]
+	return !deselected
+}
+
+func (rs *RouteSelector) isDeselectedLocked(netID route.NetID) bool {
+	if rs.deselectAll {
+		return true
+	}
+	_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[netID]
+	return deselected
+}
+
+func (rs *RouteSelector) hasUserSelectionForRouteLocked(routeID route.NetID) bool {
+	_, selected := rs.selectedRoutes[routeID]
+	_, deselected := rs.deselectedRoutes[routeID]
+	return selected || deselected
+}
+
+func (rs *RouteSelector) applyExitNodeFilter(
+	id route.HAUniqueID,
+	netID route.NetID,
+	rt []*route.Route,
+	out route.HAMap,
+) {
+	if rs.hasUserSelectionForRouteLocked(netID) {
+		if rs.isSelectedLocked(netID) {
+			out[id] = rt
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// no explicit selection for this route: defer to management's SkipAutoApply flag
+	sel := collectSelected(rt)
+	if len(sel) > 0 {
+		out[id] = sel
+	}
+}
+
+func isExitNode(rt []*route.Route) bool {
+	return len(rt) > 0 && (route.IsV4DefaultRoute(rt[0].Network) || route.IsV6DefaultRoute(rt[0].Network))
+}
+
+func collectSelected(rt []*route.Route) []*route.Route {
+	var sel []*route.Route
+	for _, r := range rt {
+		if !r.SkipAutoApply {
+			sel = append(sel, r)
+		}
+	}
+	return sel
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/routeselector/routeselector_test.go b/client/internal/routeselector/routeselector_test.go
index 5faea2456..f26d022e9 100644
--- a/client/internal/routeselector/routeselector_test.go
+++ b/client/internal/routeselector/routeselector_test.go
@@ -330,6 +330,171 @@ func TestRouteSelector_FilterSelectedExitNodes(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Len(t, filtered, 0) // No routes should be selected
 }
 
+// TestRouteSelector_V6ExitPairSync covers SyncPairedSelection, which keeps a v4
+// exit node and its synthesized "-v6" counterpart consistent. The selector itself
+// is literal and never infers a v6 entry's state from its v4 base; callers that know
+// the pairing (exit-node code paths) call SyncPairedSelection to force the v6 entry
+// to follow the base, treating the pair as a single toggle.
+func TestRouteSelector_V6ExitPairSync(t *testing.T) {
+	all := []route.NetID{"exit1", "exit1-v6", "exit2", "exit2-v6", "corp", "corp-v6"}
+
+	t.Run("selector lookups stay literal without sync", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+		require.NoError(t, rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exit1"}, all))
+
+		// The selector does not pair-resolve: the v6 entry is independent until synced.
+		assert.False(t, rs.HasUserSelectionForRoute("exit1-v6"), "v6 entry has no state of its own")
+		assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("exit1-v6"), "unsynced v6 entry stays selected by default")
+
+		// A route literally named "exit1-something" must never pair-resolve either.
+		assert.False(t, rs.HasUserSelectionForRoute("exit1-something"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("sync mirrors deselected v4 base onto v6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+		require.NoError(t, rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exit1"}, all))
+
+		rs.SyncPairedSelection("exit1", "exit1-v6")
+
+		assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected("exit1"))
+		assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected("exit1-v6"), "v6 pair follows v4 base deselect")
+		assert.True(t, rs.HasUserSelectionForRoute("exit1-v6"), "v6 carries explicit deselect after sync")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("sync mirrors selected v4 base onto v6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+		require.NoError(t, rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exit1"}, false, all))
+
+		rs.SyncPairedSelection("exit1", "exit1-v6")
+
+		assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("exit1"))
+		assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("exit1-v6"), "v6 pair follows v4 base select")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("sync clears v6 state when base has no explicit selection", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+		require.NoError(t, rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exit1-v6"}, true, all))
+		require.True(t, rs.HasUserSelectionForRoute("exit1-v6"))
+
+		rs.SyncPairedSelection("exit1", "exit1-v6")
+
+		assert.False(t, rs.HasUserSelectionForRoute("exit1-v6"),
+			"v6 explicit state is cleared so it follows management like its base")
+	})
+
+	// Regression for the observed bug (see netbird-engine.log): persisted state has
+	// the v4 base deselected but the v6 sibling explicitly selected (orphaned). The
+	// sync must reset the orphan so the ::/0 route does not leak onto the tunnel.
+	t.Run("sync clears orphaned explicit v6 selection on deselected base", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+
+		// Prior state: both explicitly selected, then only the v4 base deselected,
+		// leaving the v6 entry as a stale explicit selection.
+		require.NoError(t, rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exit1", "exit1-v6"}, true, all))
+		require.NoError(t, rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exit1"}, all))
+		require.True(t, rs.IsSelected("exit1-v6"), "precondition: orphaned v6 selection")
+
+		rs.SyncPairedSelection("exit1", "exit1-v6")
+
+		assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected("exit1-v6"), "orphaned v6 selection reset to follow v4 deselect")
+
+		v4Route := &route.Route{NetID: "exit1", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")}
+		v6Route := &route.Route{NetID: "exit1-v6", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")}
+		routes := route.HAMap{
+			"exit1|0.0.0.0/0": {v4Route},
+			"exit1-v6|::/0":   {v6Route},
+		}
+		filtered := rs.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes)
+		assert.Empty(t, filtered, "deselecting v4 base must drop the v6 pair even if it was explicitly selected before")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("filter drops synced v6 pair of deselected v4 base", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+		require.NoError(t, rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exit1"}, all))
+		rs.SyncPairedSelection("exit1", "exit1-v6")
+
+		v4Route := &route.Route{NetID: "exit1", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")}
+		v6Route := &route.Route{NetID: "exit1-v6", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")}
+		routes := route.HAMap{
+			"exit1|0.0.0.0/0": {v4Route},
+			"exit1-v6|::/0":   {v6Route},
+		}
+
+		filtered := rs.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes)
+		assert.Empty(t, filtered, "deselecting v4 base must also drop the v6 pair")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("deselectAll makes sync a no-op", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+		rs.DeselectAllRoutes()
+
+		rs.SyncPairedSelection("exit1", "exit1-v6")
+
+		assert.False(t, rs.HasUserSelectionForRoute("exit1-v6"), "sync must not write explicit state under deselectAll")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-exit *-v6 routes pass through FilterSelectedExitNodes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+		require.NoError(t, rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"corp"}, all))
+
+		// A non-default-route entry named "corp-v6" is not an exit node and
+		// must not be skipped because its v4 base "corp" is deselected.
+		corpV6 := &route.Route{NetID: "corp-v6", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")}
+		routes := route.HAMap{
+			"corp-v6|10.0.0.0/8": {corpV6},
+		}
+
+		filtered := rs.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes)
+		assert.Contains(t, filtered, route.HAUniqueID("corp-v6|10.0.0.0/8"),
+			"non-exit *-v6 routes must not inherit unrelated v4 state in FilterSelectedExitNodes")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestRouteSelector_SkipAutoApplyPerRoute verifies that management's
+// SkipAutoApply flag governs each untouched route independently, even when
+// the user has explicit selections on other routes.
+func TestRouteSelector_SkipAutoApplyPerRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	autoApplied := &route.Route{
+		NetID:         "Auto",
+		Network:       netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+		SkipAutoApply: false,
+	}
+	skipApply := &route.Route{
+		NetID:         "Skip",
+		Network:       netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+		SkipAutoApply: true,
+	}
+	routes := route.HAMap{
+		"Auto|0.0.0.0/0": {autoApplied},
+		"Skip|0.0.0.0/0": {skipApply},
+	}
+
+	rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+	// User makes an unrelated explicit selection elsewhere.
+	require.NoError(t, rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"Unrelated"}, []route.NetID{"Auto", "Skip", "Unrelated"}))
+
+	filtered := rs.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes)
+	assert.Contains(t, filtered, route.HAUniqueID("Auto|0.0.0.0/0"), "AutoApply route should be included")
+	assert.NotContains(t, filtered, route.HAUniqueID("Skip|0.0.0.0/0"), "SkipAutoApply route should be excluded without explicit user selection")
+}
+
+// TestRouteSelector_V6ExitIsExitNode verifies that ::/0 routes are recognized
+// as exit nodes by the selector's filter path.
+func TestRouteSelector_V6ExitIsExitNode(t *testing.T) {
+	v6Exit := &route.Route{
+		NetID:         "V6Only",
+		Network:       netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0"),
+		SkipAutoApply: true,
+	}
+	routes := route.HAMap{
+		"V6Only|::/0": {v6Exit},
+	}
+
+	rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+	filtered := rs.FilterSelectedExitNodes(routes)
+	assert.Empty(t, filtered, "::/0 should be treated as an exit node and respect SkipAutoApply")
+}
+
 func TestRouteSelector_NewRoutesBehavior(t *testing.T) {
 	initialRoutes := []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3"}
 	newRoutes := []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3", "route4", "route5"}
@@ -694,3 +859,98 @@ func TestRouteSelector_ComplexScenarios(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// TestRouteSelector_EnableExitNodeKeepsOtherRoutes is a regression test for the
+// tray exit-node toggle disabling every non-exit routed network. The tray used
+// to Select an exit node with append=false, which the RouteSelector treats as
+// "drop the whole current selection" (default-on semantics) — so enabling an
+// exit node also turned off every LAN/route the user had on. The fix sends
+// append=true and lets the daemon's SelectNetworks handler deselect only the
+// sibling exit nodes. This test models that handler sequence against the
+// selector: SelectRoutes(exit, append=true) followed by DeselectRoutes(other
+// exit nodes) must leave non-exit routes untouched.
+func TestRouteSelector_EnableExitNodeKeepsOtherRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+	all := []route.NetID{"exitA", "exitB", "lan1", "lan2"}
+
+	// User has two LAN routes on (default-on: nothing deselected => all selected).
+	require.True(t, rs.IsSelected("lan1"))
+	require.True(t, rs.IsSelected("lan2"))
+
+	// Tray enables exitA: SelectNetworks handler does SelectRoutes(append=true)
+	// then deselects sibling exit nodes (exitB), never the LAN routes.
+	require.NoError(t, rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitA"}, true, all))
+	require.NoError(t, rs.DeselectRoutes([]route.NetID{"exitB"}, all))
+
+	assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("exitA"), "selected exit node stays on")
+	assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected("exitB"), "sibling exit node is deselected")
+	assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("lan1"), "non-exit route must stay selected")
+	assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("lan2"), "non-exit route must stay selected")
+}
+
+// A non-append selection clears the current selection before applying the requested
+// one, so an all-unavailable request used to leave nothing selected while returning
+// an error. Requests with at least one available route are unaffected.
+func TestRouteSelector_SelectRoutes_AllUnavailableKeepsSelection(t *testing.T) {
+	allRoutes := []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3"}
+
+	rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+	require.NoError(t, rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1"}, false, allRoutes))
+
+	err := rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"Route1", "route4"}, false, allRoutes)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err, "an unavailable route ID must still be reported")
+	assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("route1"), "the previous selection must survive a fully invalid request")
+	for _, id := range []route.NetID{"route2", "route3"} {
+		assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected(id), "no other route may become selected")
+	}
+}
+
+// Boundary of the check above: an empty request is the caller deselecting everything,
+// not a failed lookup, so it must keep working.
+func TestRouteSelector_SelectRoutes_EmptyRequestStillDeselectsAll(t *testing.T) {
+	allRoutes := []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3"}
+
+	rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+	require.NoError(t, rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1"}, false, allRoutes))
+
+	require.NoError(t, rs.SelectRoutes(nil, false, allRoutes))
+
+	for _, id := range allRoutes {
+		assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected(id), "an empty selection request must deselect everything")
+	}
+}
+
+// Mobile clients always call SelectRoutes with append=true. On that path an
+// all-unavailable request was never destructive to begin with (append skips the
+// wipe regardless of the guard above), but the behavior has no coverage yet.
+func TestRouteSelector_SelectRoutes_AppendAllUnavailableKeepsSelection(t *testing.T) {
+	allRoutes := []route.NetID{"route1", "route2", "route3"}
+
+	rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+	require.NoError(t, rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"route1"}, false, allRoutes))
+
+	err := rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"missing"}, true, allRoutes)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err, "an unavailable route ID must still be reported")
+	assert.True(t, rs.IsSelected("route1"), "the previous selection must survive a fully invalid request")
+	for _, id := range []route.NetID{"route2", "route3"} {
+		assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected(id), "no other route may become selected")
+	}
+}
+
+// The early return for an all-unavailable request must not clear deselectAll,
+// or a typo'd network ID would silently drop the "nothing selected, including
+// future networks" policy.
+func TestRouteSelector_SelectRoutes_AllUnavailableAfterDeselectAllKeepsPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	allRoutes := []route.NetID{"route1", "route2"}
+
+	rs := routeselector.NewRouteSelector()
+	rs.DeselectAllRoutes()
+
+	err := rs.SelectRoutes([]route.NetID{"missing"}, false, allRoutes)
+
+	assert.Error(t, err, "an unavailable route ID must still be reported")
+	assert.True(t, rs.IsDeselectAll(), "deselect-all policy must survive a fully invalid request")
+	assert.False(t, rs.IsSelected("route3"), "deselect-all must still cover networks not present in allRoutes yet")
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/sleep/detector_darwin.go b/client/internal/sleep/detector_darwin.go
index 3d6747ed1..fc4713b21 100644
--- a/client/internal/sleep/detector_darwin.go
+++ b/client/internal/sleep/detector_darwin.go
@@ -2,217 +2,360 @@
 
 package sleep
 
-/*
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework IOKit -framework CoreFoundation
-#include <IOKit/pwr_mgt/IOPMLib.h>
-#include <IOKit/IOMessage.h>
-#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
-
-extern void sleepCallbackBridge();
-extern void poweredOnCallbackBridge();
-extern void suspendedCallbackBridge();
-extern void resumedCallbackBridge();
-
-
-// C global variables for IOKit state
-static IONotificationPortRef g_notifyPortRef = NULL;
-static io_object_t g_notifierObject = 0;
-static io_object_t g_generalInterestNotifier = 0;
-static io_connect_t g_rootPort = 0;
-static CFRunLoopRef g_runLoop = NULL;
-
-static void sleepCallback(void* refCon, io_service_t service, natural_t messageType, void* messageArgument) {
-	switch (messageType) {
-		case kIOMessageSystemWillSleep:
-			sleepCallbackBridge();
-			IOAllowPowerChange(g_rootPort, (long)messageArgument);
-			break;
-        case kIOMessageSystemHasPoweredOn:
-          	poweredOnCallbackBridge();
-          	break;
-        case kIOMessageServiceIsSuspended:
-			suspendedCallbackBridge();
-			break;
-		case kIOMessageServiceIsResumed:
-			resumedCallbackBridge();
-			break;
-		default:
-			break;
-	}
-}
-
-static void registerNotifications() {
-	g_rootPort = IORegisterForSystemPower(
-		NULL,
-		&g_notifyPortRef,
-		(IOServiceInterestCallback)sleepCallback,
-		&g_notifierObject
-	);
-
-	if (g_rootPort == 0) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	CFRunLoopAddSource(CFRunLoopGetCurrent(),
-		IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource(g_notifyPortRef),
-		kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
-
-	g_runLoop = CFRunLoopGetCurrent();
-	CFRunLoopRun();
-}
-
-static void unregisterNotifications() {
-	CFRunLoopRemoveSource(g_runLoop,
-		IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource(g_notifyPortRef),
-		kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
-
-	IODeregisterForSystemPower(&g_notifierObject);
-	IOServiceClose(g_rootPort);
-	IONotificationPortDestroy(g_notifyPortRef);
-	CFRunLoopStop(g_runLoop);
-
-	g_notifyPortRef = NULL;
-	g_notifierObject = 0;
-	g_rootPort = 0;
-	g_runLoop = NULL;
-}
-
-*/
-import "C"
-
 import (
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
+	"unsafe"
 
+	"github.com/ebitengine/purego"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-var (
-	serviceRegistry   = make(map[*Detector]struct{})
-	serviceRegistryMu sync.Mutex
+// IOKit message types from IOKit/IOMessage.h.
+const (
+	kIOMessageCanSystemSleep     uintptr = 0xe0000270
+	kIOMessageSystemWillSleep    uintptr = 0xe0000280
+	kIOMessageSystemHasPoweredOn uintptr = 0xe0000300
 )
 
-//export sleepCallbackBridge
-func sleepCallbackBridge() {
-	log.Info("sleepCallbackBridge event triggered")
+var (
+	ioKit         iokitFuncs
+	cf            cfFuncs
+	cfCommonModes uintptr
 
-	serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
-	defer serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
+	libInitOnce sync.Once
+	libInitErr  error
 
-	for svc := range serviceRegistry {
-		svc.triggerCallback(EventTypeSleep)
-	}
+	// callbackThunk is the single C-callable trampoline registered with IOKit.
+	callbackThunk uintptr
+
+	serviceRegistry   = make(map[*Detector]struct{})
+	serviceRegistryMu sync.Mutex
+	session           *runLoopSession
+
+	// lifecycleMu serializes Register/Deregister so a new registration can't
+	// start a second runloop while a previous teardown is still pending.
+	lifecycleMu sync.Mutex
+)
+
+// iokitFuncs holds IOKit symbols resolved once at init.
+type iokitFuncs struct {
+	IORegisterForSystemPower           func(refcon uintptr, portRef *uintptr, callback uintptr, notifier *uintptr) uintptr
+	IODeregisterForSystemPower         func(notifier *uintptr) int32
+	IOAllowPowerChange                 func(kernelPort uintptr, notificationID uintptr) int32
+	IOServiceClose                     func(connect uintptr) int32
+	IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource func(port uintptr) uintptr
+	IONotificationPortDestroy          func(port uintptr)
 }
 
-//export resumedCallbackBridge
-func resumedCallbackBridge() {
-	log.Info("resumedCallbackBridge event triggered")
+// cfFuncs holds CoreFoundation symbols resolved once at init.
+type cfFuncs struct {
+	CFRunLoopGetCurrent   func() uintptr
+	CFRunLoopRun          func()
+	CFRunLoopStop         func(rl uintptr)
+	CFRunLoopAddSource    func(rl, source, mode uintptr)
+	CFRunLoopRemoveSource func(rl, source, mode uintptr)
 }
 
-//export suspendedCallbackBridge
-func suspendedCallbackBridge() {
-	log.Info("suspendedCallbackBridge event triggered")
+// runLoopSession bundles the handles owned by one CFRunLoop lifetime. A nil
+// session means no runloop is active and the next Register must start one.
+type runLoopSession struct {
+	rl       uintptr
+	port     uintptr
+	notifier uintptr
+	rp       uintptr
 }
 
-//export poweredOnCallbackBridge
-func poweredOnCallbackBridge() {
-	log.Info("poweredOnCallbackBridge event triggered")
-	serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
-	defer serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
-
-	for svc := range serviceRegistry {
-		svc.triggerCallback(EventTypeWakeUp)
-	}
+// detectorSnapshot pins a detector's callback and done channel so dispatch
+// runs with values valid at snapshot time, even if a concurrent
+// Deregister/Register rewrites the detector's fields.
+type detectorSnapshot struct {
+	detector *Detector
+	callback func(event EventType)
+	done     <-chan struct{}
 }
 
+// Detector delivers sleep and wake events to a registered callback.
 type Detector struct {
 	callback func(event EventType)
-	ctx      context.Context
-	cancel   context.CancelFunc
-}
-
-func NewDetector() (*Detector, error) {
-	return &Detector{}, nil
+	done     chan struct{}
 }
 
+// Register installs callback for power events. The first registration starts
+// the CFRunLoop on a dedicated OS-locked thread and blocks until IOKit
+// registration succeeds or fails; subsequent registrations just add to the
+// dispatch set.
 func (d *Detector) Register(callback func(event EventType)) error {
-	serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
-	defer serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
+	lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer lifecycleMu.Unlock()
 
+	serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
 	if _, exists := serviceRegistry[d]; exists {
+		serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
 		return fmt.Errorf("detector service already registered")
 	}
-
 	d.callback = callback
+	d.done = make(chan struct{})
+	serviceRegistry[d] = struct{}{}
+	needSetup := session == nil
+	serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
 
-	d.ctx, d.cancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-
-	if len(serviceRegistry) > 0 {
-		serviceRegistry[d] = struct{}{}
+	if !needSetup {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	serviceRegistry[d] = struct{}{}
-
-	// CFRunLoop must run on a single fixed OS thread
-	go func() {
-		runtime.LockOSThread()
-		defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
-
-		C.registerNotifications()
-	}()
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go runRunLoop(errCh)
+	if err := <-errCh; err != nil {
+		serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
+		delete(serviceRegistry, d)
+		close(d.done)
+		d.done = nil
+		serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
+		return err
+	}
 
 	log.Info("sleep detection service started on macOS")
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Deregister removes the detector. When the last detector is removed, IOKit registration is torn down
-// and the runloop is stopped and cleaned up.
+// Deregister removes the detector. When the last detector leaves, IOKit
+// notifications are torn down and the runloop is stopped.
 func (d *Detector) Deregister() error {
+	lifecycleMu.Lock()
+	defer lifecycleMu.Unlock()
+
 	serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
-	defer serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
-	_, exists := serviceRegistry[d]
-	if !exists {
+	if _, exists := serviceRegistry[d]; !exists {
+		serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
 		return nil
 	}
-
-	// cancel and remove this detector
-	d.cancel()
+	close(d.done)
 	delete(serviceRegistry, d)
 
-	// If other Detectors still exist, leave IOKit running
 	if len(serviceRegistry) > 0 {
+		serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
 		return nil
 	}
+	sess := session
+	serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
 
 	log.Info("sleep detection service stopping (deregister)")
 
-	// Deregister IOKit notifications, stop runloop, and free resources
-	C.unregisterNotifications()
+	if sess == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if sess.rl != 0 && sess.port != 0 {
+		source := ioKit.IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource(sess.port)
+		cf.CFRunLoopRemoveSource(sess.rl, source, cfCommonModes)
+	}
+	if sess.notifier != 0 {
+		n := sess.notifier
+		ioKit.IODeregisterForSystemPower(&n)
+	}
+
+	// Clear session only after IODeregisterForSystemPower returns so any
+	// in-flight powerCallback can still look up session.rp to ack sleep.
+	serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
+	session = nil
+	serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
+
+	if sess.rp != 0 {
+		ioKit.IOServiceClose(sess.rp)
+	}
+	if sess.port != 0 {
+		ioKit.IONotificationPortDestroy(sess.port)
+	}
+	if sess.rl != 0 {
+		cf.CFRunLoopStop(sess.rl)
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (d *Detector) triggerCallback(event EventType) {
-	doneChan := make(chan struct{})
+func (d *Detector) triggerCallback(event EventType, cb func(event EventType), done <-chan struct{}) {
+	if cb == nil || done == nil {
+		return
+	}
 
-	timeout := time.NewTimer(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return
+	default:
+	}
+
+	doneChan := make(chan struct{})
+	// macOS forces sleep ~30s after kIOMessageSystemWillSleep, so block long
+	// enough for teardown to finish while staying under that deadline.
+	timeout := time.NewTimer(20 * time.Second)
 	defer timeout.Stop()
 
-	cb := d.callback
-	go func(callback func(event EventType)) {
+	go func() {
+		defer close(doneChan)
+		defer func() {
+			if r := recover(); r != nil {
+				log.Errorf("panic in sleep callback: %v", r)
+			}
+		}()
 		log.Info("sleep detection event fired")
-		callback(event)
-		close(doneChan)
-	}(cb)
+		cb(event)
+	}()
 
 	select {
 	case <-doneChan:
-	case <-d.ctx.Done():
+	case <-done:
 	case <-timeout.C:
-		log.Warnf("sleep callback timed out")
+		log.Warn("sleep callback timed out")
 	}
 }
+
+// NewDetector initializes IOKit/CoreFoundation bindings and returns a Detector.
+func NewDetector() (*Detector, error) {
+	if err := initLibs(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Detector{}, nil
+}
+
+func initLibs() error {
+	libInitOnce.Do(func() {
+		iokit, err := purego.Dlopen("/System/Library/Frameworks/IOKit.framework/IOKit", purego.RTLD_NOW|purego.RTLD_GLOBAL)
+		if err != nil {
+			libInitErr = fmt.Errorf("dlopen IOKit: %w", err)
+			return
+		}
+		cfLib, err := purego.Dlopen("/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation", purego.RTLD_NOW|purego.RTLD_GLOBAL)
+		if err != nil {
+			libInitErr = fmt.Errorf("dlopen CoreFoundation: %w", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&ioKit.IORegisterForSystemPower, iokit, "IORegisterForSystemPower")
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&ioKit.IODeregisterForSystemPower, iokit, "IODeregisterForSystemPower")
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&ioKit.IOAllowPowerChange, iokit, "IOAllowPowerChange")
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&ioKit.IOServiceClose, iokit, "IOServiceClose")
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&ioKit.IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource, iokit, "IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource")
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&ioKit.IONotificationPortDestroy, iokit, "IONotificationPortDestroy")
+
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&cf.CFRunLoopGetCurrent, cfLib, "CFRunLoopGetCurrent")
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&cf.CFRunLoopRun, cfLib, "CFRunLoopRun")
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&cf.CFRunLoopStop, cfLib, "CFRunLoopStop")
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&cf.CFRunLoopAddSource, cfLib, "CFRunLoopAddSource")
+		purego.RegisterLibFunc(&cf.CFRunLoopRemoveSource, cfLib, "CFRunLoopRemoveSource")
+
+		modeAddr, err := purego.Dlsym(cfLib, "kCFRunLoopCommonModes")
+		if err != nil {
+			libInitErr = fmt.Errorf("dlsym kCFRunLoopCommonModes: %w", err)
+			return
+		}
+		// Launder the uintptr-to-pointer conversion through a Go variable so
+		// go vet's unsafeptr analyzer doesn't flag a system-library global.
+		cfCommonModes = **(**uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(&modeAddr))
+
+		// NewCallback slots are a finite, non-reclaimable resource, so register
+		// a single thunk that dispatches to the current Detector set.
+		callbackThunk = purego.NewCallback(powerCallback)
+	})
+	return libInitErr
+}
+
+// powerCallback is the IOServiceInterestCallback trampoline, invoked on the
+// runloop thread. A Go panic crossing the purego boundary has undefined
+// behavior, so contain it here.
+func powerCallback(refcon, service, messageType, messageArgument uintptr) uintptr {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			log.Errorf("panic in sleep powerCallback: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	switch messageType {
+	case kIOMessageCanSystemSleep:
+		// Not acknowledging forces a 30s IOKit timeout before idle sleep.
+		allowPowerChange(messageArgument)
+	case kIOMessageSystemWillSleep:
+		dispatchEvent(EventTypeSleep)
+		allowPowerChange(messageArgument)
+	case kIOMessageSystemHasPoweredOn:
+		dispatchEvent(EventTypeWakeUp)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func allowPowerChange(messageArgument uintptr) {
+	serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
+	var port uintptr
+	if session != nil {
+		port = session.rp
+	}
+	serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
+	if port != 0 {
+		ioKit.IOAllowPowerChange(port, messageArgument)
+	}
+}
+
+func dispatchEvent(event EventType) {
+	serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
+	snaps := make([]detectorSnapshot, 0, len(serviceRegistry))
+	for d := range serviceRegistry {
+		snaps = append(snaps, detectorSnapshot{
+			detector: d,
+			callback: d.callback,
+			done:     d.done,
+		})
+	}
+	serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, s := range snaps {
+		s.detector.triggerCallback(event, s.callback, s.done)
+	}
+}
+
+// runRunLoop owns the OS-locked thread that CFRunLoop is pinned to. Setup
+// result is reported on errCh so Register can surface failures synchronously.
+func runRunLoop(errCh chan<- error) {
+	runtime.LockOSThread()
+	defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
+
+	sess, err := setupSession()
+	if err == nil {
+		serviceRegistryMu.Lock()
+		session = sess
+		serviceRegistryMu.Unlock()
+	}
+	errCh <- err
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			log.Errorf("panic in sleep runloop: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	cf.CFRunLoopRun()
+}
+
+// setupSession performs the IOKit registration on the current thread. Panics
+// are converted to errors so runRunLoop never leaves errCh unsent.
+func setupSession() (s *runLoopSession, err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("panic during runloop setup: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var portRef, notifier uintptr
+	rp := ioKit.IORegisterForSystemPower(0, &portRef, callbackThunk, &notifier)
+	if rp == 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("IORegisterForSystemPower returned zero")
+	}
+
+	rl := cf.CFRunLoopGetCurrent()
+	source := ioKit.IONotificationPortGetRunLoopSource(portRef)
+	cf.CFRunLoopAddSource(rl, source, cfCommonModes)
+
+	return &runLoopSession{rl: rl, port: portRef, notifier: notifier, rp: rp}, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/sleep/service.go b/client/internal/sleep/service.go
index 196a33f52..93691c4c7 100644
--- a/client/internal/sleep/service.go
+++ b/client/internal/sleep/service.go
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ type Service struct {
 }
 
 func New() (*Service, error) {
-	d, err := NewDetector()
-	if err != nil {
+	d, err := NewDetector() //nolint:staticcheck
+	if err != nil {         //nolint:staticcheck // always errors on platforms without a sleep detector
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/internal/state.go b/client/internal/state.go
index 041cb73f8..0adfa26e4 100644
--- a/client/internal/state.go
+++ b/client/internal/state.go
@@ -33,17 +33,34 @@ func CtxGetState(ctx context.Context) *contextState {
 }
 
 type contextState struct {
-	err    error
-	status StatusType
-	mutex  sync.Mutex
+	err      error
+	status   StatusType
+	mutex    sync.Mutex
+	onChange func()
+}
+
+// SetOnChange installs a callback fired after every successful Set. Used by
+// the daemon to wire the status recorder's notifyStateChange so any
+// state.Set in the connect/login paths pushes a fresh snapshot to
+// SubscribeStatus subscribers without each callsite having to opt in.
+// The callback runs outside the contextState mutex to avoid a lock-order
+// dependency with the recorder's stateChangeMux.
+func (c *contextState) SetOnChange(fn func()) {
+	c.mutex.Lock()
+	c.onChange = fn
+	c.mutex.Unlock()
 }
 
 func (c *contextState) Set(update StatusType) {
 	c.mutex.Lock()
-	defer c.mutex.Unlock()
-
 	c.status = update
 	c.err = nil
+	cb := c.onChange
+	c.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if cb != nil {
+		cb()
+	}
 }
 
 func (c *contextState) Status() (StatusType, error) {
@@ -57,6 +74,17 @@ func (c *contextState) Status() (StatusType, error) {
 	return c.status, nil
 }
 
+// CurrentStatus returns the last status set via Set, ignoring any wrapped
+// error. Use when the status is needed for reporting purposes (e.g. the
+// status snapshot stream) and a transient wrapped error from a retry loop
+// shouldn't blank out the underlying status.
+func (c *contextState) CurrentStatus() StatusType {
+	c.mutex.Lock()
+	defer c.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	return c.status
+}
+
 func (c *contextState) Wrap(err error) error {
 	c.mutex.Lock()
 	defer c.mutex.Unlock()
diff --git a/client/internal/statemanager/manager.go b/client/internal/statemanager/manager.go
index 2c9e46290..ca4194690 100644
--- a/client/internal/statemanager/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/statemanager/manager.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package statemanager
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
@@ -96,17 +97,19 @@ func (m *Manager) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	m.mu.Lock()
-	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	cancel := m.cancel
+	done := m.done
+	m.mu.Unlock()
 
-	if m.cancel == nil {
+	if cancel == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	m.cancel()
+	cancel()
 
 	select {
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		return ctx.Err()
-	case <-m.done:
+	case <-done:
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -303,6 +306,11 @@ func (m *Manager) loadStateFile(deleteCorrupt bool) (map[string]json.RawMessage,
 
 	var rawStates map[string]json.RawMessage
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &rawStates); err != nil {
+		if len(bytes.TrimSpace(data)) == 0 {
+			log.Warnf("state file %s is empty (%d bytes)", m.filePath, len(data))
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("state file %s has malformed content (%d bytes)", m.filePath, len(data))
+		}
 		m.handleCorruptedState(deleteCorrupt)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal states: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/disk.go b/client/internal/syncstore/disk.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb24e87a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/disk.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package syncstore
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// syncResponseFileName is the name of the file the sync response is serialized
+// to, placed inside the configured directory (the state directory).
+const syncResponseFileName = "networkmap.pb"
+
+// diskStore serializes the latest sync response to a file on disk instead of
+// keeping it in memory. This trades disk I/O for a much smaller memory
+// footprint, which matters on memory-constrained platforms (iOS).
+type diskStore struct {
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	path string
+}
+
+// NewDiskStore returns a Store that serializes the sync response to a file in
+// the given directory. If dir is empty it falls back to the OS temp directory.
+//
+// Any file left over from a previous run is removed on construction so a fresh
+// store never reads stale data (e.g. another profile's network map).
+func NewDiskStore(dir string) Store {
+	if dir == "" {
+		dir = os.TempDir()
+	}
+	s := &diskStore{
+		path: filepath.Join(dir, syncResponseFileName),
+	}
+	if err := s.Clear(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to clear stale sync response file: %v", err)
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s *diskStore) Set(resp *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return s.Clear()
+	}
+
+	bs, err := proto.Marshal(resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal sync response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if err := util.WriteBytesWithRestrictedPermission(context.Background(), s.path, bs); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write sync response to %s: %w", s.path, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("sync response persisted to %s (%d bytes)", s.path, len(bs))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *diskStore) Get() (*mgmProto.SyncResponse, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	bs, err := os.ReadFile(s.path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			//nolint:nilnil // nil,nil means "nothing stored", per the Store contract; preserve the original behaviour
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read sync response from %s: %w", s.path, err)
+	}
+
+	resp := &mgmProto.SyncResponse{}
+	if err := proto.Unmarshal(bs, resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal sync response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("retrieving latest sync response from %s (%d bytes)", s.path, len(bs))
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func (s *diskStore) Clear() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if err := os.Remove(s.path); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove sync response file %s: %w", s.path, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/factory_ios.go b/client/internal/syncstore/factory_ios.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f19ab5e5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/factory_ios.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build ios
+
+package syncstore
+
+// New returns the platform default store. On iOS the sync response is
+// serialized to disk (in dir) to keep it out of the constrained process memory.
+func New(dir string) Store {
+	return NewDiskStore(dir)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/factory_other.go b/client/internal/syncstore/factory_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79ea46116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/factory_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !ios
+
+package syncstore
+
+// New returns the platform default store. On all non-iOS platforms the sync
+// response is kept in memory; dir is unused.
+func New(_ string) Store {
+	return NewMemoryStore()
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/memory.go b/client/internal/syncstore/memory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8fc069069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/memory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package syncstore
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// memoryStore keeps the latest sync response in memory.
+type memoryStore struct {
+	mu     sync.RWMutex
+	latest *mgmProto.SyncResponse
+}
+
+// NewMemoryStore returns a Store that keeps the sync response in memory.
+func NewMemoryStore() Store {
+	return &memoryStore{}
+}
+
+func (s *memoryStore) Set(resp *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.latest = resp
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *memoryStore) Get() (*mgmProto.SyncResponse, error) {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	latest := s.latest
+	s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if latest == nil {
+		//nolint:nilnil // nil,nil means "nothing stored", per the Store contract; preserve the original behaviour
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("retrieving latest sync response with size %d bytes", proto.Size(latest))
+	sr, ok := proto.Clone(latest).(*mgmProto.SyncResponse)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("clone sync response")
+	}
+	return sr, nil
+}
+
+func (s *memoryStore) Clear() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.latest = nil
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/syncstore/syncstore.go b/client/internal/syncstore/syncstore.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba24b9c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/syncstore/syncstore.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Package syncstore stores the latest Management sync response (which carries
+// the network map) for debug bundle generation.
+//
+// The storage backend is selected at build time per operating system: on iOS
+// the response is serialized to disk to keep it out of the (tightly
+// constrained) process memory, while on all other platforms it is kept in
+// memory. The backend is chosen by the New constructor; see factory_ios.go and
+// factory_other.go.
+package syncstore
+
+import (
+	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// Store persists the latest sync response and returns it on demand.
+//
+// Implementations must be safe for concurrent use.
+type Store interface {
+	// Set stores the given sync response, replacing any previously stored one.
+	Set(resp *mgmProto.SyncResponse) error
+
+	// Get returns the stored sync response, or nil if none is stored.
+	// The returned value is an independent copy that the caller may retain.
+	Get() (*mgmProto.SyncResponse, error)
+
+	// Clear removes any stored sync response. It is safe to call when nothing
+	// is stored.
+	Clear() error
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier.go b/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b62923a6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier.go
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package tunnelnotifier
+
+import (
+	"container/list"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
+)
+
+type eventKind int
+
+const (
+	eventRoutes eventKind = iota
+	eventIfaceIP
+	eventIfaceIPv6
+	eventDNS
+)
+
+var (
+	_ listener.NetworkChangeListener = (*Notifier)(nil)
+	_ dns.IosDnsManager              = (*Notifier)(nil)
+)
+
+type event struct {
+	kind    eventKind
+	payload string
+}
+
+type Notifier struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	cond   *sync.Cond
+	queue  *list.List
+	closed bool
+	done   chan struct{}
+
+	listener   listener.NetworkChangeListener
+	dnsManager dns.IosDnsManager
+}
+
+func New(l listener.NetworkChangeListener, dm dns.IosDnsManager) *Notifier {
+	n := &Notifier{
+		queue:      list.New(),
+		done:       make(chan struct{}),
+		listener:   l,
+		dnsManager: dm,
+	}
+	n.cond = sync.NewCond(&n.mu)
+	go n.deliverLoop()
+	return n
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) OnNetworkChanged(routes string) {
+	n.enqueue(event{kind: eventRoutes, payload: routes})
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) SetInterfaceIP(ip string) {
+	n.enqueue(event{kind: eventIfaceIP, payload: ip})
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) SetInterfaceIPv6(ip string) {
+	n.enqueue(event{kind: eventIfaceIPv6, payload: ip})
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) ApplyDns(config string) {
+	n.enqueue(event{kind: eventDNS, payload: config})
+}
+
+// Close stops accepting new events and blocks until the delivery loop has
+// drained all queued events and exited.
+func (n *Notifier) Close() {
+	n.mu.Lock()
+	n.closed = true
+	n.cond.Signal()
+	n.mu.Unlock()
+	<-n.done
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) enqueue(ev event) {
+	n.mu.Lock()
+	defer n.mu.Unlock()
+	if n.closed {
+		return
+	}
+	n.queue.PushBack(ev)
+	n.cond.Signal()
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) deliverLoop() {
+	defer close(n.done)
+	for {
+		n.mu.Lock()
+		for n.queue.Len() == 0 && !n.closed {
+			n.cond.Wait()
+		}
+		if n.closed && n.queue.Len() == 0 {
+			n.mu.Unlock()
+			return
+		}
+		ev := n.queue.Remove(n.queue.Front()).(event)
+		l := n.listener
+		dm := n.dnsManager
+		n.mu.Unlock()
+
+		switch ev.kind {
+		case eventRoutes:
+			if l != nil {
+				l.OnNetworkChanged(ev.payload)
+			}
+		case eventIfaceIP:
+			if l != nil {
+				l.SetInterfaceIP(ev.payload)
+			}
+		case eventIfaceIPv6:
+			if l != nil {
+				l.SetInterfaceIPv6(ev.payload)
+			}
+		case eventDNS:
+			if dm != nil {
+				dm.ApplyDns(ev.payload)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier_test.go b/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffbcdc15c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/tunnelnotifier/notifier_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package tunnelnotifier
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type call struct {
+	kind    string
+	payload string
+}
+
+type recorder struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	calls    []call
+	inFlight atomic.Int32
+	overlap  atomic.Bool
+	delay    time.Duration
+}
+
+func (r *recorder) record(kind, payload string) {
+	if r.inFlight.Add(1) != 1 {
+		r.overlap.Store(true)
+	}
+	if r.delay > 0 {
+		time.Sleep(r.delay)
+	}
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	r.calls = append(r.calls, call{kind: kind, payload: payload})
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+	r.inFlight.Add(-1)
+}
+
+func (r *recorder) count() int {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	return len(r.calls)
+}
+
+func (r *recorder) snapshot() []call {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]call, len(r.calls))
+	copy(out, r.calls)
+	return out
+}
+
+type fakeListener struct {
+	rec *recorder
+}
+
+func (f *fakeListener) OnNetworkChanged(routes string) {
+	f.rec.record("routes", routes)
+}
+
+func (f *fakeListener) SetInterfaceIP(ip string) {
+	f.rec.record("ip", ip)
+}
+
+func (f *fakeListener) SetInterfaceIPv6(ip string) {
+	f.rec.record("ipv6", ip)
+}
+
+type fakeDNSManager struct {
+	rec *recorder
+}
+
+func (f *fakeDNSManager) ApplyDns(config string) {
+	f.rec.record("dns", config)
+}
+
+func TestFIFOOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recorder{}
+	n := New(&fakeListener{rec: rec}, &fakeDNSManager{rec: rec})
+	defer n.Close()
+
+	n.SetInterfaceIP("10.0.0.1")
+	n.SetInterfaceIPv6("fd00::1")
+	n.ApplyDns(`{"domains":[]}`)
+	n.OnNetworkChanged("10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/16")
+	n.ApplyDns(`{"domains":["example.com"]}`)
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return rec.count() == 5 }, time.Second, time.Millisecond)
+
+	expected := []call{
+		{kind: "ip", payload: "10.0.0.1"},
+		{kind: "ipv6", payload: "fd00::1"},
+		{kind: "dns", payload: `{"domains":[]}`},
+		{kind: "routes", payload: "10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/16"},
+		{kind: "dns", payload: `{"domains":["example.com"]}`},
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, rec.snapshot())
+}
+
+func TestNoOverlappingCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recorder{delay: 100 * time.Microsecond}
+	n := New(&fakeListener{rec: rec}, &fakeDNSManager{rec: rec})
+	defer n.Close()
+
+	const producers = 8
+	const perProducer = 25
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < producers; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(id int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < perProducer; j++ {
+				payload := fmt.Sprintf("%d-%d", id, j)
+				switch j % 4 {
+				case 0:
+					n.OnNetworkChanged(payload)
+				case 1:
+					n.SetInterfaceIP(payload)
+				case 2:
+					n.SetInterfaceIPv6(payload)
+				case 3:
+					n.ApplyDns(payload)
+				}
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return rec.count() == producers*perProducer }, 5*time.Second, time.Millisecond)
+	assert.False(t, rec.overlap.Load())
+}
+
+func TestDNSAndRoutesInterleaved(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recorder{delay: 100 * time.Microsecond}
+	n := New(&fakeListener{rec: rec}, &fakeDNSManager{rec: rec})
+	defer n.Close()
+
+	const events = 50
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		for i := 0; i < events; i++ {
+			n.ApplyDns(fmt.Sprintf("dns-%d", i))
+		}
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		for i := 0; i < events; i++ {
+			n.OnNetworkChanged(fmt.Sprintf("routes-%d", i))
+		}
+	}()
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return rec.count() == 2*events }, 5*time.Second, time.Millisecond)
+	assert.False(t, rec.overlap.Load())
+
+	var dnsSeen, routesSeen int
+	for _, c := range rec.snapshot() {
+		switch c.kind {
+		case "dns":
+			assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("dns-%d", dnsSeen), c.payload)
+			dnsSeen++
+		case "routes":
+			assert.Equal(t, fmt.Sprintf("routes-%d", routesSeen), c.payload)
+			routesSeen++
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, events, dnsSeen)
+	assert.Equal(t, events, routesSeen)
+}
+
+func TestCloseDrainsQueue(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recorder{delay: time.Millisecond}
+	n := New(&fakeListener{rec: rec}, &fakeDNSManager{rec: rec})
+
+	const events = 20
+	for i := 0; i < events; i++ {
+		n.OnNetworkChanged(fmt.Sprintf("routes-%d", i))
+	}
+	n.Close()
+
+	require.Equal(t, events, rec.count(), "Close must not return before all queued events are delivered")
+
+	n.OnNetworkChanged("after-close")
+	n.ApplyDns("after-close")
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	assert.Equal(t, events, rec.count())
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/doc.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/doc.go
index 0a60454bb..aff0f24f7 100644
--- a/client/internal/updater/installer/doc.go
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/doc.go
@@ -37,23 +37,32 @@
 // Updater Process (Setup):
 //
 //  1. Receives parameters from service via command-line arguments
-//  2. Runs installer with appropriate silent/quiet flags:
+//  2. Terminates the UI so the installer does not have to replace a locked image
+//     file, which would otherwise leave the install needing a reboot
+//  3. Runs installer with appropriate silent/quiet flags:
 //     - Windows EXE: installer.exe /S
-//     - Windows MSI: msiexec.exe /i installer.msi /quiet /qn /l*v msi.log
+//     - Windows MSI: msiexec.exe /i installer.msi /qn /norestart REBOOT=ReallySuppress /l*v msi.log
 //     - macOS PKG: installer -pkg installer.pkg -target /
 //     - macOS Homebrew: brew upgrade netbirdio/tap/netbird
-//  3. Installer terminates daemon and UI processes
-//  4. Installer replaces binaries with new version
-//  5. Updater waits for installer to complete
-//  6. Updater restarts daemon:
+//  4. Installer terminates the daemon
+//  5. Installer replaces binaries with new version
+//  6. Updater waits for installer to complete. On Windows, MSI exit codes 3010
+//     (ERROR_SUCCESS_REBOOT_REQUIRED) and 1641 (ERROR_SUCCESS_REBOOT_INITIATED)
+//     are a pending-reboot outcome, not a failure: the install succeeded, but
+//     some files are only replaced on the next restart (the reboot itself is
+//     suppressed via /norestart and REBOOT=ReallySuppress), and the flow
+//     continues as on success
+//  7. Updater restarts daemon:
 //     - Windows: netbird.exe service start
 //     - macOS/Linux: netbird service start
-//  7. Updater restarts UI:
-//     - Windows: Launches netbird-ui.exe as active console user using CreateProcessAsUser
+//  8. Updater restarts UI:
+//     - Windows: Launches netbird-ui.exe using CreateProcessAsUser in every
+//     session it was terminated in, falling back to the active console session
 //     - macOS: Uses launchctl asuser to launch NetBird.app for console user
 //     - Linux: Not implemented (UI typically auto-starts)
-//  8. Updater writes result.json with success/error status
-//  9. Updater process exits
+//  9. Updater writes result.json with success/error status (a pending reboot is
+//     recorded as success)
+//  10. Updater process exits
 //
 // # Result Communication
 //
@@ -100,6 +109,10 @@
 //   - Does NOT remove result.json (cleaned by ResultHandler after read)
 //   - Does NOT remove msi.log (kept for debugging)
 //
+// On Windows the updater copy is often still locked when the daemon it restarted
+// runs cleanup, so removing it is retried briefly and otherwise left in place for
+// the next update to overwrite rather than reported as a failure.
+//
 // # Dry-Run Mode
 //
 // Dry-run mode allows testing the update process without actually installing:
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_cleanup_windows_test.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_cleanup_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aab16dc93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_cleanup_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// lockFile opens path without FILE_SHARE_DELETE, so os.Remove fails the way it does
+// while the updater process still holds its own image.
+func lockFile(t *testing.T, path string) windows.Handle {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	p, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("convert path: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	handle, err := windows.CreateFile(p, windows.GENERIC_READ, windows.FILE_SHARE_READ, nil, windows.OPEN_EXISTING, windows.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("lock %s: %v", path, err)
+	}
+	return handle
+}
+
+// releaseAfter closes the handle once the delay has passed, standing in for the
+// updater process finally exiting.
+func releaseAfter(t *testing.T, handle windows.Handle, delay time.Duration) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	released := make(chan struct{})
+	t.Cleanup(func() { <-released })
+
+	go func() {
+		defer close(released)
+		time.Sleep(delay)
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(handle); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("close handle: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// TestCleanUpInstallerFilesLockedUpdater covers the post-update cleanup race: the
+// daemon cleans up at startup while the updater that restarted it is still exiting,
+// so the updater image is locked and Windows refuses the delete. Cleanup must wait
+// the lock out instead of reporting a failure and leaving the binary behind.
+func TestCleanUpInstallerFilesLockedUpdater(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(tempDir, updaterBinary)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("x"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write updater: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	releaseAfter(t, lockFile(t, path), 300*time.Millisecond)
+
+	u := NewWithDir(tempDir)
+	if err := u.CleanUpInstallerFiles(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("cleanup must tolerate a still-locked updater: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Errorf("updater binary still present (stat err: %v)", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_common.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_common.go
index 8e44bee82..f917424b8 100644
--- a/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_common.go
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_common.go
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@ func NewWithDir(tempDir string) *Installer {
 // This will run by the original service process
 func (u *Installer) RunInstallation(ctx context.Context, targetVersion string) (err error) {
 	resultHandler := NewResultHandler(u.tempDir)
+	if err := resultHandler.ClearStaleResult(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("clear stale installer result: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
@@ -149,8 +152,8 @@ func (u *Installer) CleanUpInstallerFiles() error {
 
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 
-	if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(u.tempDir, updaterBinary)); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove updater binary: %w", err))
+	if err := removeUpdaterBinary(filepath.Join(u.tempDir, updaterBinary)); err != nil {
+		merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove updater binary: %w", err))
 	}
 
 	entries, err := os.ReadDir(u.tempDir)
@@ -164,10 +167,16 @@ func (u *Installer) CleanUpInstallerFiles() error {
 		}
 
 		name := entry.Name()
+		// The updater copy is handled above; on Windows its name also matches the
+		// extension sweep, which would report the same file twice.
+		if strings.EqualFold(name, updaterBinary) {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		for _, ext := range binaryExtensions {
 			if strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(name), strings.ToLower(ext)) {
 				if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(u.tempDir, name)); err != nil {
-					merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove %s: %w", name, err))
+					merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("remove %s: %w", name, err))
 				}
 				break
 			}
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_common_test.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_common_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c1556c828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_common_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestCleanUpInstallerFiles checks that cleanup removes the updater copy and the
+// downloaded installer while leaving the logs and the result file for the daemon.
+func TestCleanUpInstallerFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	installers := make([]string, 0, len(binaryExtensions))
+	for _, ext := range binaryExtensions {
+		installers = append(installers, "netbird_installer."+ext)
+	}
+
+	kept := []string{"installer.log", "result.json"}
+
+	for _, name := range append(append([]string{updaterBinary}, installers...), kept...) {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(tempDir, name), []byte("x"), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("write %s: %v", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	u := NewWithDir(tempDir)
+	if err := u.CleanUpInstallerFiles(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CleanUpInstallerFiles: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range append([]string{updaterBinary}, installers...) {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(tempDir, name)); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			t.Errorf("%s was not removed (stat err: %v)", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, name := range kept {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(tempDir, name)); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("%s should have been kept: %v", name, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCleanUpInstallerFilesMissingTempDir(t *testing.T) {
+	u := NewWithDir(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "does-not-exist"))
+	if err := u.CleanUpInstallerFiles(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("a missing temp dir is not a cleanup failure, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_darwin.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_darwin.go
index 248a404aa..5650bc769 100644
--- a/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_darwin.go
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_darwin.go
@@ -98,47 +98,44 @@ func (u *Installer) startDaemon(daemonFolder string) error {
 func (u *Installer) startUIAsUser() error {
 	log.Infof("starting netbird-ui: %s", uiBinary)
 
-	// Get the current console user
-	cmd := exec.Command("stat", "-f", "%Su", "/dev/console")
-	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	username, err := consoleUser()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get console user: %w", err)
+		return err
 	}
 
-	username := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
-	if username == "" || username == "root" {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no active user session found")
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("starting UI for user: %s", username)
-
-	// Get user's UID
 	userInfo, err := user.Lookup(username)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to lookup user %s: %w", username, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("lookup user %s: %w", username, err)
 	}
 
-	// Start the UI process as the console user using launchctl
-	// This ensures the app runs in the user's context with proper GUI access
-	launchCmd := exec.Command("launchctl", "asuser", userInfo.Uid, "open", "-a", uiBinary)
+	log.Infof("starting UI for user: %s (uid %s)", username, userInfo.Uid)
+
+	launchCmd := exec.Command("launchctl", "asuser", userInfo.Uid, "sudo", "-u", username, "-H", "open", "-a", uiBinary)
 	log.Infof("launchCmd: %s", launchCmd.String())
-	// Set the user's home directory for proper macOS app behavior
-	launchCmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "HOME="+userInfo.HomeDir)
-	log.Infof("set HOME environment variable: %s", userInfo.HomeDir)
 
-	if err := launchCmd.Start(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to start UI process: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Release the process so it can run independently
-	if err := launchCmd.Process.Release(); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to release UI process: %v", err)
+	if err := launchCmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("run UI launch: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	log.Infof("netbird-ui started successfully for user %s", username)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func consoleUser() (string, error) {
+	output, err := exec.Command("stat", "-f", "%Su", "/dev/console").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get console user: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	username := strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+	switch username {
+	case "", "root", "loginwindow", "_mbsetupuser":
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no active GUI user session, console user: %q", username)
+	}
+
+	return username, nil
+}
+
 func (u *Installer) installPkgFile(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
 	log.Infof("installing pkg file: %s", path)
 
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_windows.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_windows.go
index 70c7e32cf..b2ecf3299 100644
--- a/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_windows.go
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_windows.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package installer
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
@@ -22,6 +23,12 @@ const (
 
 	msiLogFile = "msi.log"
 
+	// ERROR_SUCCESS_REBOOT_REQUIRED and ERROR_SUCCESS_REBOOT_INITIATED
+	msiRebootRequired  = 3010
+	msiRebootInitiated = 1641
+
+	processExitWait = 10 * time.Second
+
 	msiDownloadURL = "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/download/v%version/netbird_installer_%version_windows_%arch.msi"
 	exeDownloadURL = "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/download/v%version/netbird_installer_%version_windows_%arch.exe"
 )
@@ -38,6 +45,8 @@ var (
 func (u *Installer) Setup(ctx context.Context, dryRun bool, installerFile string, daemonFolder string) (resultErr error) {
 	resultHandler := NewResultHandler(u.tempDir)
 
+	var uiSessions []uint32
+
 	// Always ensure daemon and UI are restarted after setup
 	defer func() {
 		log.Infof("starting daemon back")
@@ -46,7 +55,7 @@ func (u *Installer) Setup(ctx context.Context, dryRun bool, installerFile string
 		}
 
 		log.Infof("starting UI back")
-		if err := u.startUIAsUser(daemonFolder); err != nil {
+		if err := u.startUI(daemonFolder, uiSessions); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to start UI: %v", err)
 		}
 
@@ -75,6 +84,14 @@ func (u *Installer) Setup(ctx context.Context, dryRun bool, installerFile string
 		return
 	}
 
+	// The UI holds an open handle on its own image. Left running, Restart Manager
+	// cannot shut it down (msiexec runs as LocalSystem here, the UI as the
+	// interactive user), so the MSI falls back to replacing the file on reboot and
+	// marks the install as restart-required. The deferred close-application action
+	// in the package runs too late to prevent that, it happens after
+	// InstallValidate has already registered the file as in use.
+	uiSessions = killUI()
+
 	var cmd *exec.Cmd
 	switch installerType {
 	case TypeExe:
@@ -84,7 +101,9 @@ func (u *Installer) Setup(ctx context.Context, dryRun bool, installerFile string
 		installerDir := filepath.Dir(installerFile)
 		logPath := filepath.Join(installerDir, msiLogFile)
 		log.Infof("run msi installer: %s", installerFile)
-		cmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, "msiexec.exe", "/i", filepath.Base(installerFile), "/quiet", "/qn", "/l*v", logPath)
+		// REBOOT=ReallySuppress: a silent install has no way to ask, so without it
+		// msiexec reboots the machine on its own if it decides one is needed.
+		cmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, "msiexec.exe", "/i", filepath.Base(installerFile), "/qn", "/norestart", "REBOOT=ReallySuppress", "/l*v", logPath)
 	}
 
 	cmd.Dir = filepath.Dir(installerFile)
@@ -95,9 +114,13 @@ func (u *Installer) Setup(ctx context.Context, dryRun bool, installerFile string
 	}
 
 	log.Infof("installer started with PID %d", cmd.Process.Pid)
-	if resultErr = cmd.Wait(); resultErr != nil {
-		log.Errorf("installer process finished with error: %v", resultErr)
-		return
+	if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
+		if !isRebootPending(err) {
+			resultErr = err
+			log.Errorf("installer process finished with error: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		log.Warnf("installer completed but reported a pending reboot, some files will be replaced on the next restart")
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -117,16 +140,142 @@ func (u *Installer) startDaemon(daemonFolder string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (u *Installer) startUIAsUser(daemonFolder string) error {
+func (u *Installer) startUI(daemonFolder string, sessionIDs []uint32) error {
 	uiPath := filepath.Join(daemonFolder, uiName)
 	log.Infof("starting netbird-ui: %s", uiPath)
 
-	// Get the active console session ID
-	sessionID := windows.WTSGetActiveConsoleSessionId()
-	if sessionID == 0xFFFFFFFF {
-		return fmt.Errorf("no active user session found")
+	if len(sessionIDs) == 0 {
+		sessionID := windows.WTSGetActiveConsoleSessionId()
+		if sessionID == 0xFFFFFFFF {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no active user session found")
+		}
+		sessionIDs = []uint32{sessionID}
 	}
 
+	var errs []error
+	for _, sessionID := range sessionIDs {
+		if err := startUIInSession(uiPath, sessionID); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("session %d: %w", sessionID, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		log.Infof("netbird-ui started successfully in session %d", sessionID)
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+// isRebootPending reports whether the installer exit code means it succeeded but
+// left work for the next restart. The reboot itself is suppressed, so this is not
+// a failure.
+func isRebootPending(err error) bool {
+	var exitErr *exec.ExitError
+	if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	switch exitErr.ExitCode() {
+	case msiRebootRequired, msiRebootInitiated:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// killUI terminates any running netbird-ui process and returns the IDs of the
+// interactive sessions the terminated processes belonged to. Setup starts the
+// UI again in those sessions once the installer is done.
+func killUI() []uint32 {
+	pids, err := processIDsByName(uiName)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to look up %s processes: %v", uiName, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	sessions := make(map[uint32]struct{})
+	for _, pid := range pids {
+		var sessionID uint32
+		if err := windows.ProcessIdToSessionId(pid, &sessionID); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to look up session of %s (PID %d): %v", uiName, pid, err)
+		}
+
+		if err := terminateProcess(pid); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to terminate %s (PID %d): %v", uiName, pid, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		log.Infof("terminated %s (PID %d) in session %d", uiName, pid, sessionID)
+
+		if sessionID != 0 {
+			sessions[sessionID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sessionIDs := make([]uint32, 0, len(sessions))
+	for sessionID := range sessions {
+		sessionIDs = append(sessionIDs, sessionID)
+	}
+	return sessionIDs
+}
+
+func processIDsByName(name string) ([]uint32, error) {
+	snapshot, err := windows.CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(windows.TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create process snapshot: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(snapshot); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to close process snapshot: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var entry windows.ProcessEntry32
+	entry.Size = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(entry))
+
+	var pids []uint32
+	for err = windows.Process32First(snapshot, &entry); err == nil; err = windows.Process32Next(snapshot, &entry) {
+		if strings.EqualFold(windows.UTF16ToString(entry.ExeFile[:]), name) {
+			pids = append(pids, entry.ProcessID)
+		}
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("enumerate processes: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return pids, nil
+}
+
+func terminateProcess(pid uint32) error {
+	handle, err := windows.OpenProcess(windows.PROCESS_TERMINATE|windows.SYNCHRONIZE, false, pid)
+	if err != nil {
+		// The process may have exited between enumeration and now.
+		if errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("open process: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(handle); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to close process handle: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := windows.TerminateProcess(handle, 0); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("terminate process: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the handle to signal so the image file is released before the
+	// installer tries to overwrite it. A timeout is reported through the returned
+	// event, not through err, which stays nil unless the wait itself failed.
+	event, err := windows.WaitForSingleObject(handle, uint32(processExitWait.Milliseconds()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wait for process exit: %w", err)
+	}
+	if event != windows.WAIT_OBJECT_0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("wait for process exit: unexpected wait result %#x", event)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func startUIInSession(uiPath string, sessionID uint32) error {
 	// Get the user token for that session
 	var userToken windows.Token
 	err := windows.WTSQueryUserToken(sessionID, &userToken)
@@ -158,6 +307,16 @@ func (u *Installer) startUIAsUser(daemonFolder string) error {
 		}
 	}()
 
+	var env *uint16
+	if err := windows.CreateEnvironmentBlock(&env, primaryToken, false); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create environment block: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.DestroyEnvironmentBlock(env); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to destroy environment block: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
 	// Prepare startup info
 	var si windows.StartupInfo
 	si.Cb = uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(si))
@@ -180,7 +339,7 @@ func (u *Installer) startUIAsUser(daemonFolder string) error {
 		nil,
 		false,
 		creationFlags,
-		nil,
+		env,
 		nil,
 		&si,
 		&pi,
@@ -197,7 +356,6 @@ func (u *Installer) startUIAsUser(daemonFolder string) error {
 		log.Warnf("failed to close thread handle: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("netbird-ui started successfully in session %d", sessionID)
 	return nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_windows_test.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a4540610
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/installer_run_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os/exec"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// exitErrorWithCode returns a real *exec.ExitError carrying the given exit code.
+func exitErrorWithCode(t *testing.T, code int) error {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	err := exec.Command("cmd.exe", "/c", "exit "+strconv.Itoa(code)).Run()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected a non-zero exit for code %d", code)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func TestIsRebootPending(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		code int
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{name: "reboot required", code: msiRebootRequired, want: true},
+		{name: "reboot initiated", code: msiRebootInitiated, want: true},
+		{name: "generic failure", code: 1603, want: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := isRebootPending(exitErrorWithCode(t, tt.code)); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("isRebootPending(exit %d) = %v, want %v", tt.code, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProcessIDsByNameAndTerminate spawns a long-running system process, finds it
+// by name and terminates it, covering the path the updater uses to release the UI
+// image file before the installer replaces it.
+func TestProcessIDsByNameAndTerminate(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := exec.Command("ping.exe", "-n", "60", "127.0.0.1")
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start ping: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	pid := uint32(cmd.Process.Pid)
+	killed := false
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if !killed {
+			_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+		}
+		_ = cmd.Wait()
+	})
+
+	// Name matching must be case-insensitive: the snapshot reports PING.EXE.
+	pids, err := processIDsByName("ping.exe")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processIDsByName: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !slices.Contains(pids, pid) {
+		t.Fatalf("PID %d not among the ping.exe processes found: %v", pid, pids)
+	}
+
+	if err := terminateProcess(pid); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("terminateProcess: %v", err)
+	}
+	killed = true
+
+	// terminateProcess only returns once the handle has signalled, so the process
+	// is already gone and Wait must not block. It exits with the code passed to
+	// TerminateProcess, which is 0, so Wait reports no error.
+	if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("wait for terminated ping: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !cmd.ProcessState.Exited() {
+		t.Error("process did not exit after terminateProcess")
+	}
+
+	remaining, err := processIDsByName("ping.exe")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processIDsByName after terminate: %v", err)
+	}
+	if slices.Contains(remaining, pid) {
+		t.Errorf("PID %d still listed after terminateProcess", pid)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessIDsByNameNoMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	pids, err := processIDsByName("netbird-nonexistent-process.exe")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("processIDsByName: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(pids) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected no matches, got %v", pids)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsRebootPendingNonExitError(t *testing.T) {
+	if isRebootPending(errors.New("start installer: file not found")) {
+		t.Error("a non-exit error must not be treated as a pending reboot")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/remove_updater_darwin.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/remove_updater_darwin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d4a0be60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/remove_updater_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package installer
+
+import "os"
+
+// removeUpdaterBinary deletes the updater copy left in the temp dir. On darwin a
+// running binary can be unlinked, so no retry is needed.
+func removeUpdaterBinary(path string) error {
+	if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/remove_updater_windows.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/remove_updater_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e23b1644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/remove_updater_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+const (
+	// The updater is the process that restarted the daemon, so when the daemon
+	// cleans up at startup the updater is often still exiting and Windows refuses
+	// to delete its locked image. These bound how long cleanup waits for it.
+	updaterRemoveAttempts = 5
+	updaterRemoveDelay    = 200 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+// removeUpdaterBinary deletes the updater copy left in the temp dir, retrying
+// while the still-exiting updater process holds its image. A binary that stays
+// locked for the whole window is left in place and reported at info level: the
+// next update overwrites it, so it is not worth failing cleanup over.
+func removeUpdaterBinary(path string) error {
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < updaterRemoveAttempts; attempt++ {
+		if attempt > 0 {
+			time.Sleep(updaterRemoveDelay)
+		}
+
+		err := os.Remove(path)
+		if err == nil || os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if !isFileLocked(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("updater binary %s is still locked, leaving it for the next update to overwrite", path)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func isFileLocked(err error) bool {
+	return errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) || errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION)
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/remove_updater_windows_test.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/remove_updater_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09910d034
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/remove_updater_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package installer
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+func TestRemoveUpdaterBinaryRetriesWhileLocked(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), updaterBinary)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("x"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write updater: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	releaseAfter(t, lockFile(t, path), updaterRemoveDelay+50*time.Millisecond)
+
+	if err := removeUpdaterBinary(path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("removeUpdaterBinary: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Errorf("updater binary still present (stat err: %v)", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRemoveUpdaterBinaryStaysLocked covers an updater that never releases its
+// image within the retry window. Cleanup gives up quietly and leaves the file
+// behind rather than reporting a failure.
+func TestRemoveUpdaterBinaryStaysLocked(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), updaterBinary)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("x"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write updater: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	handle := lockFile(t, path)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(handle); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("close handle: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	if err := removeUpdaterBinary(path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("a permanently locked updater is not a cleanup failure, got: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("locked updater binary should be left in place, stat: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRemoveUpdaterBinaryMissingFile(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), updaterBinary)
+	if err := removeUpdaterBinary(path); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("a missing updater binary is not a failure, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/installer/result.go b/client/internal/updater/installer/result.go
index 526c3eb53..55a0d8ac8 100644
--- a/client/internal/updater/installer/result.go
+++ b/client/internal/updater/installer/result.go
@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@ func (rh *ResultHandler) GetErrorResultReason() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+// ClearStaleResult removes a result file left over from a previous installation
+// attempt so result watchers cannot read an outdated outcome for the current attempt.
+func (rh *ResultHandler) ClearStaleResult() error {
+	return rh.cleanup()
+}
+
 func (rh *ResultHandler) WriteSuccess() error {
 	result := Result{
 		Success:    true,
diff --git a/client/internal/updater/manager.go b/client/internal/updater/manager.go
index dfcb93177..1b69368d0 100644
--- a/client/internal/updater/manager.go
+++ b/client/internal/updater/manager.go
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	latestVersion = "latest"
-	// this version will be ignored
-	developmentVersion = "development"
 )
 
 var errNoUpdateState = errors.New("no update state found")
@@ -437,7 +435,7 @@ func (m *Manager) install(ctx context.Context, pendingVersion *v.Version) error
 	}
 
 	inst := installer.New()
-	if err := inst.RunInstallation(ctx, pendingVersion.String()); err != nil {
+	if err := inst.RunInstallation(ctx, pendingVersion.String()); err != nil { //nolint:staticcheck // always errors on platforms without an installer
 		log.Errorf("error triggering update: %v", err)
 		m.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
 			cProto.SystemEvent_ERROR,
@@ -483,7 +481,7 @@ func (m *Manager) loadAndDeleteUpdateState(ctx context.Context) (*UpdateState, e
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) shouldUpdate(updateVersion *v.Version, forceUpdate bool) bool {
-	if m.currentVersion == developmentVersion {
+	if version.IsDevelopmentVersion(m.currentVersion) {
 		log.Debugf("skipping auto-update, running development version")
 		return false
 	}
diff --git a/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor.go b/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor.go
index a870c1145..2a2fa2366 100644
--- a/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor.go
+++ b/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"runtime"
-	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
@@ -28,6 +27,10 @@ func NewWGIfaceMonitor() *WGIfaceMonitor {
 
 // Start begins monitoring the WireGuard interface.
 // It relies on the provided context cancellation to stop.
+//
+// On Linux the watcher is event-driven (RTNLGRP_LINK netlink subscription)
+// to avoid the allocation churn of repeatedly dumping the kernel link
+// table; on other platforms it falls back to a low-frequency poll.
 func (m *WGIfaceMonitor) Start(ctx context.Context, ifaceName string) (shouldRestart bool, err error) {
 	defer close(m.done)
 
@@ -56,31 +59,7 @@ func (m *WGIfaceMonitor) Start(ctx context.Context, ifaceName string) (shouldRes
 
 	log.Infof("Interface monitor: watching %s (index: %d)", ifaceName, expectedIndex)
 
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(2 * time.Second)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			log.Infof("Interface monitor: stopped for %s", ifaceName)
-			return false, fmt.Errorf("wg interface monitor stopped: %v", ctx.Err())
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			currentIndex, err := getInterfaceIndex(ifaceName)
-			if err != nil {
-				// Interface was deleted
-				log.Infof("Interface monitor: %s deleted", ifaceName)
-				return true, fmt.Errorf("interface %s deleted: %w", ifaceName, err)
-			}
-
-			// Check if interface index changed (interface was recreated)
-			if currentIndex != expectedIndex {
-				log.Infof("Interface monitor: %s recreated (index changed from %d to %d), restarting engine",
-					ifaceName, expectedIndex, currentIndex)
-				return true, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
+	return watchInterface(ctx, ifaceName, expectedIndex)
 }
 
 // getInterfaceIndex returns the index of a network interface by name.
diff --git a/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor_linux.go b/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2662b99d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"syscall"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+)
+
+// watchInterface uses an RTNLGRP_LINK netlink subscription to detect
+// deletion or recreation of the WireGuard interface.
+//
+// The previous implementation polled net.InterfaceByName every 2 s, which
+// on Linux issues syscall.NetlinkRIB(RTM_GETLINK, ...) and dumps the
+// entire kernel link table on every call. On hosts with many veth
+// interfaces (containers, bridges) the resulting allocation churn was on
+// the order of ~1 GB/day from this single ticker, which on small ARM
+// hosts manifested as a slow RSS climb (see netbirdio/netbird#3678).
+//
+// The event-driven version below allocates only when the kernel actually
+// publishes a link event for the tracked interface — typically zero
+// allocations between events.
+func watchInterface(ctx context.Context, ifaceName string, expectedIndex int) (bool, error) {
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(done)
+
+	// Buffer the channel to absorb event bursts (e.g. when many veth
+	// pairs are created/destroyed at once by container runtimes).
+	linkChan := make(chan netlink.LinkUpdate, 32)
+	if err := netlink.LinkSubscribe(linkChan, done); err != nil {
+		// Return shouldRestart=true so the engine recovers monitoring
+		// via triggerClientRestart instead of silently losing it for
+		// the rest of the process lifetime.
+		return true, fmt.Errorf("subscribe to link updates: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Race window: the interface could have been deleted (or recreated)
+	// between the initial getInterfaceIndex() in Start and LinkSubscribe
+	// completing its handshake with the kernel. Re-check explicitly so we
+	// do not block forever waiting for an event that already fired.
+	if currentIndex, err := getInterfaceIndex(ifaceName); err != nil {
+		log.Infof("Interface monitor: %s deleted before subscription completed", ifaceName)
+		return true, fmt.Errorf("interface %s deleted: %w", ifaceName, err)
+	} else if currentIndex != expectedIndex {
+		log.Infof("Interface monitor: %s recreated (index changed from %d to %d) before subscription completed",
+			ifaceName, expectedIndex, currentIndex)
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Infof("Interface monitor: stopped for %s", ifaceName)
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("wg interface monitor stopped: %w", ctx.Err())
+
+		case update, ok := <-linkChan:
+			if !ok {
+				// The vishvananda/netlink subscription goroutine closes
+				// the channel on receive errors. Signal the engine to
+				// restart so monitoring is re-established instead of
+				// silently ending.
+				log.Warnf("Interface monitor: link subscription channel closed unexpectedly for %s", ifaceName)
+				return true, fmt.Errorf("link subscription channel closed unexpectedly")
+			}
+			if restart, err := inspectLinkEvent(update, ifaceName, expectedIndex); restart {
+				return true, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// inspectLinkEvent classifies a single netlink link update against the
+// tracked WireGuard interface. It returns (true, err) when the engine
+// should restart monitoring; (false, nil) means the event is unrelated
+// and the caller should keep waiting.
+//
+// The error component, when non-nil, describes the kernel-side reason
+// (deletion or rename); the recreation case returns (true, nil) since
+// no error condition is reported.
+func inspectLinkEvent(update netlink.LinkUpdate, ifaceName string, expectedIndex int) (bool, error) {
+	eventIndex := int(update.Index)
+	eventName := ""
+	if attrs := update.Attrs(); attrs != nil {
+		eventName = attrs.Name
+	}
+
+	switch update.Header.Type {
+	case syscall.RTM_DELLINK:
+		return inspectDelLink(eventIndex, ifaceName, expectedIndex)
+	case syscall.RTM_NEWLINK:
+		return inspectNewLink(eventIndex, eventName, ifaceName, expectedIndex)
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+// inspectDelLink reports a restart when an RTM_DELLINK arrives for the
+// tracked interface index.
+func inspectDelLink(eventIndex int, ifaceName string, expectedIndex int) (bool, error) {
+	if eventIndex != expectedIndex {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	log.Infof("Interface monitor: %s deleted", ifaceName)
+	return true, fmt.Errorf("interface %s deleted", ifaceName)
+}
+
+// inspectNewLink reports a restart when an RTM_NEWLINK either:
+//
+//  1. Introduces a link with our name at a different index (recreation
+//     after a delete), or
+//
+//  2. Reports a link still at our index but with a different name
+//     (in-place rename). The previous polling implementation caught
+//     this implicitly because net.InterfaceByName(ifaceName) would
+//     start failing; the event-driven version has to test it.
+//
+// Same name + same index is just a flag/state change on the existing
+// interface and is ignored.
+func inspectNewLink(eventIndex int, eventName, ifaceName string, expectedIndex int) (bool, error) {
+	if eventName == ifaceName && eventIndex != expectedIndex {
+		log.Infof("Interface monitor: %s recreated (index changed from %d to %d), restarting engine",
+			ifaceName, expectedIndex, eventIndex)
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	if eventIndex == expectedIndex && eventName != "" && eventName != ifaceName {
+		log.Infof("Interface monitor: %s renamed to %s (index %d), restarting engine",
+			ifaceName, eventName, expectedIndex)
+		return true, fmt.Errorf("interface %s renamed to %s", ifaceName, eventName)
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor_other.go b/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afebbf4df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/internal/wg_iface_monitor_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// watchInterface polls net.InterfaceByName at a fixed interval to detect
+// deletion or recreation of the WireGuard interface.
+//
+// This is the fallback used on non-Linux desktop and server platforms
+// (darwin, windows, freebsd). It is also compiled on android and ios so
+// the package builds on every supported GOOS, but it is never reached
+// at runtime there because Start() in wg_iface_monitor.go exits early
+// on mobile platforms.
+//
+// The Linux build (see wg_iface_monitor_linux.go) uses an event-driven
+// RTNLGRP_LINK netlink subscription instead, because on Linux
+// net.InterfaceByName issues syscall.NetlinkRIB(RTM_GETLINK, ...) which
+// dumps the entire kernel link table on every call and produces
+// significant allocation churn (netbirdio/netbird#3678).
+//
+// Windows is also reported in #3678 as affected by RSS climb. A future
+// follow-up could implement an event-driven watcher there using
+// NotifyIpInterfaceChange from iphlpapi.
+func watchInterface(ctx context.Context, ifaceName string, expectedIndex int) (bool, error) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(2 * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Infof("Interface monitor: stopped for %s", ifaceName)
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("wg interface monitor stopped: %w", ctx.Err())
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			currentIndex, err := getInterfaceIndex(ifaceName)
+			if err != nil {
+				// Interface was deleted
+				log.Infof("Interface monitor: %s deleted", ifaceName)
+				return true, fmt.Errorf("interface %s deleted: %w", ifaceName, err)
+			}
+
+			// Check if interface index changed (interface was recreated)
+			if currentIndex != expectedIndex {
+				log.Infof("Interface monitor: %s recreated (index changed from %d to %d), restarting engine",
+					ifaceName, expectedIndex, currentIndex)
+				return true, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/client.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/client.go
index 043673904..96c747ae4 100644
--- a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/client.go
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/client.go
@@ -4,33 +4,42 @@ package NetBirdSDK
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
+	nbAnonymize "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/debug"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/listener"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/upload-server/types"
 )
 
-// ConnectionListener export internal Listener for mobile
-type ConnectionListener interface {
-	peer.Listener
-}
+// AnonymizeLevelDefault and AnonymizeLevelStrict are the accepted
+// anonymizeLevel values for DebugBundle.
+const (
+	AnonymizeLevelDefault = nbAnonymize.LevelDefaultString
+	AnonymizeLevelStrict  = nbAnonymize.LevelStrictString
+)
+
+var errClientAlreadyRunning = errors.New("client is already running")
 
 // RouteListener export internal RouteListener for mobile
 type NetworkChangeListener interface {
@@ -50,10 +59,12 @@ type CustomLogger interface {
 }
 
 type selectRoute struct {
-	NetID    string
-	Network  netip.Prefix
-	Domains  domain.List
-	Selected bool
+	NetID         string
+	Network       netip.Prefix
+	Domains       domain.List
+	Selected      bool
+	Status        string
+	extraNetworks []netip.Prefix
 }
 
 func init() {
@@ -64,119 +75,275 @@ func init() {
 type Client struct {
 	cfgFile               string
 	stateFile             string
+	cacheDir              string
+	logFilePath           string
 	recorder              *peer.Status
-	ctxCancel             context.CancelFunc
-	ctxCancelLock         *sync.Mutex
 	deviceName            string
 	osName                string
 	osVersion             string
 	networkChangeListener listener.NetworkChangeListener
 	onHostDnsFn           func([]string)
 	dnsManager            dns.IosDnsManager
-	loginComplete         bool
-	connectClient         *internal.ConnectClient
-	// preloadedConfig holds config loaded from JSON (used on tvOS where file writes are blocked)
-	preloadedConfig *profilemanager.Config
+	loginComplete         atomic.Bool
+	// netMgr outlives engine restarts: it mirrors the OS connectivity, not
+	// the engine lifecycle. Run injects its state and sweeper into each new
+	// ConnectClient.
+	netMgr              *netevents.Manager
+	preloadedConfigJSON atomic.Pointer[string]
+
+	// mdmSource holds the per-Client MDM policy source and its change
+	// detector as one unit. Set by SetMDMPolicyFetcher (called from the
+	// Swift side at extension init). Each Run passes the loader to the
+	// resolved Config so applyMDMPolicy picks up the active overlay. Nil
+	// means "MDM enforcement off for this Client".
+	mdmSource atomic.Pointer[mdmSource]
+
+	// stateMu guards the run lifecycle as one unit: the cancel installed by
+	// the current run, the channel it closes on exit, and the state it
+	// published. One run at a time: startRun refuses a second Run while the
+	// previous one has not exited, and the platform serializes Stop before
+	// Start, so no generation tracking is needed.
+	stateMu       sync.RWMutex
+	connectClient *internal.ConnectClient
+	config        *profilemanager.Config
+	runDone       chan struct{}
+	ctxCancel     context.CancelFunc
 }
 
 // NewClient instantiate a new Client
-func NewClient(cfgFile, stateFile, deviceName string, osVersion string, osName string, networkChangeListener NetworkChangeListener, dnsManager DnsManager) *Client {
+func NewClient(cfgFile, stateFile, cacheDir, logFilePath, deviceName string, osVersion string, osName string, networkChangeListener NetworkChangeListener, dnsManager DnsManager) *Client {
+	recorder := peer.NewRecorder("")
 	return &Client{
 		cfgFile:               cfgFile,
 		stateFile:             stateFile,
+		cacheDir:              cacheDir,
+		logFilePath:           logFilePath,
 		deviceName:            deviceName,
 		osName:                osName,
 		osVersion:             osVersion,
-		recorder:              peer.NewRecorder(""),
-		ctxCancelLock:         &sync.Mutex{},
+		recorder:              recorder,
 		networkChangeListener: networkChangeListener,
 		dnsManager:            dnsManager,
+		netMgr:                netevents.NewManager(recorder),
 	}
 }
 
-// SetConfigFromJSON loads config from a JSON string into memory.
-// This is used on tvOS where file writes to App Group containers are blocked.
-// When set, IsLoginRequired() and Run() will use this preloaded config instead of reading from file.
+// SetConfigFromJSON stores the JSON config that later loads resolve instead of the config file (tvOS).
 func (c *Client) SetConfigFromJSON(jsonStr string) error {
-	cfg, err := profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(jsonStr)
-	if err != nil {
+	if _, err := profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(jsonStr); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("SetConfigFromJSON: failed to parse config JSON: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
-	c.preloadedConfig = cfg
+	c.preloadedConfigJSON.Store(&jsonStr)
 	log.Infof("SetConfigFromJSON: config loaded successfully from JSON")
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *Client) loadConfig(input profilemanager.ConfigInput) (*profilemanager.Config, error) {
+	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
+	var err error
+	if preloaded := c.preloadedConfigJSON.Load(); preloaded != nil {
+		cfg, err = profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(*preloaded)
+	} else {
+		cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(input)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
 // Run start the internal client. It is a blocker function
 func (c *Client) Run(fd int32, interfaceName string, envList *EnvList) error {
 	exportEnvList(envList)
 	log.Infof("Starting NetBird client")
 	log.Debugf("Tunnel uses interface: %s", interfaceName)
 
-	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
-	var err error
-
-	// Use preloaded config if available (tvOS where file writes are blocked)
-	if c.preloadedConfig != nil {
-		log.Infof("Run: using preloaded config from memory")
-		cfg = c.preloadedConfig
-	} else {
-		log.Infof("Run: loading config from file")
-		// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
-		// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
-		cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-			ConfigPath:    c.cfgFile,
-			StateFilePath: c.stateFile,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+	cfg, err := c.loadConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    c.cfgFile,
+		StateFilePath: c.stateFile,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 	c.recorder.UpdateManagementAddress(cfg.ManagementURL.String())
 	c.recorder.UpdateRosenpass(cfg.RosenpassEnabled, cfg.RosenpassPermissive)
 
-	var ctx context.Context
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues := context.WithValue(context.Background(), system.DeviceNameCtxKey, c.deviceName)
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues = context.WithValue(ctxWithValues, system.OsNameCtxKey, c.osName)
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues = context.WithValue(ctxWithValues, system.OsVersionCtxKey, c.osVersion)
-	c.ctxCancelLock.Lock()
-	ctx, c.ctxCancel = context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
-	defer c.ctxCancel()
-	c.ctxCancelLock.Unlock()
+	runCtx, runCancel := context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
+	defer runCancel()
 
-	auth := NewAuthWithConfig(ctx, cfg)
-	err = auth.LoginSync()
+	done, err := c.startRun(runCancel)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	defer c.finishRun(done)
+	ctx := runCtx
 
-	log.Infof("Auth successful")
+	// No login pre-flight here. The engine's own loginToManagement (connect.go) performs
+	// the authoritative Login immediately before the first Sync, so a LoginSync() call at
+	// this point only duplicated it — costing two extra Login RPCs (IsLoginRequired +
+	// Login) on every engine start, since IsLoginRequired is itself a full Login RPC.
+	//
+	// Auth failures still reach the caller through the engine path: loginToManagement
+	// returns PermissionDenied, which marks the shared status recorder
+	// (MarkManagementDisconnected) and fires ClientStop → onDisconnected, where
+	// IsLoginRequiredCached() reports login-required. The error is also returned out of Run().
+	//
+	// A pre-flight was also actively harmful when the server is unreachable: its 2-minute
+	// backoff blocked the start and then reported "login required" for what was really a
+	// timeout. The engine instead keeps retrying and recovers when the server returns.
 	// todo do not throw error in case of cancelled context
 	ctx = internal.CtxInitState(ctx)
 	c.onHostDnsFn = func([]string) {}
 	cfg.WgIface = interfaceName
 
-	c.connectClient = internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder)
-	hostDNS := []netip.AddrPort{
-		netip.MustParseAddrPort("9.9.9.9:53"),
-		netip.MustParseAddrPort("149.112.112.112:53"),
-	}
-	return c.connectClient.RunOniOS(fd, c.networkChangeListener, c.dnsManager, hostDNS, c.stateFile)
+	connectClient := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, cfg, c.recorder,
+		internal.WithNetEvents(c.netMgr))
+	c.setState(cfg, connectClient)
+	// Persist the latest sync response so DebugBundle can include the network
+	// map. On iOS this is backed by disk to keep it out of the constrained
+	// process memory (see the syncstore package).
+	connectClient.SetSyncResponsePersistence(true)
+	return connectClient.RunOniOS(fd, c.networkChangeListener, c.dnsManager, c.stateFile, c.cacheDir, c.logFilePath)
 }
 
-// Stop the internal client and free the resources
+// SetNetworkAvailable feeds OS-reported network availability into the client
+// (e.g. from NWPathMonitor). While unavailable, the internal reconnect loops
+// suspend their attempts and the connection listener reports NoNetwork
+// instead of Connecting; when availability returns, the loops resume
+// immediately with a fresh backoff. Losing the last network also sweeps the
+// registered connections, so the client does not keep reporting Connected
+// over stale sockets with no network at all.
+func (c *Client) SetNetworkAvailable(available bool) {
+	c.netMgr.SetNetworkAvailable(available)
+}
+
+// NotifyNetworkChange marks the management, signal and relay connections
+// stale after the OS switched networks and schedules a sweep that cuts
+// whatever has not redialed on the new network by then. The engine and the
+// TUN device stay untouched.
+func (c *Client) NotifyNetworkChange() {
+	c.netMgr.NotifyNetworkChange()
+}
+
+// Stop cancels the running client and waits for the run loop to exit, so a
+// caller that restarts immediately cannot race the outgoing teardown.
 func (c *Client) Stop() {
-	c.ctxCancelLock.Lock()
-	defer c.ctxCancelLock.Unlock()
-	if c.ctxCancel == nil {
+	done := c.cancelRun()
+	if done == nil {
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.ctxCancel()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(stopRunWaitTimeout):
+		log.Warnf("Stop: timed out waiting for the run loop to exit")
+	}
+}
+
+// StopWithoutWait cancels the running client without waiting for the run loop.
+// Use it where the caller is on a deadline the wait could overrun, such as
+// NEPacketTunnelProvider.stopTunnel, which iOS gives only a few seconds
+// before it kills the extension.
+func (c *Client) StopWithoutWait() {
+	c.cancelRun()
+}
+
+func (c *Client) cancelRun() chan struct{} {
+	c.stateMu.RLock()
+	done := c.runDone
+	cancel := c.ctxCancel
+	c.stateMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if cancel != nil {
+		cancel()
+	}
+
+	return done
+}
+
+// DebugBundle generates a debug bundle, uploads it and returns the upload key.
+// It works with or without a running engine: when the engine is up it reuses
+// the live config, sync response and client metrics; otherwise it loads the
+// config from disk (or the preloaded tvOS config). anonymizeLevel is "default"
+// or "strict"; strict also anonymizes internal IP ranges, peer names, and
+// WireGuard public keys, and implies anonymize.
+func (c *Client) DebugBundle(anonymize bool, anonymizeLevel string) (string, error) {
+	cfg, cc := c.stateSnapshot()
+
+	// If the engine hasn't been started, load config so we can reach management.
+	if cfg == nil {
+		var err error
+		cfg, err = c.loadConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+			ConfigPath:    c.cfgFile,
+			StateFilePath: c.stateFile,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	deps := debug.GeneratorDependencies{
+		InternalConfig: cfg,
+		StatusRecorder: c.recorder,
+		TempDir:        c.cacheDir,
+		StatePath:      c.stateFile,
+		LogPath:        c.logFilePath,
+	}
+
+	if cc != nil {
+		resp, err := cc.GetLatestSyncResponse()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("get latest sync response: %v", err)
+		}
+		deps.SyncResponse = resp
+
+		if e := cc.Engine(); e != nil {
+			deps.RefreshStatus = func() {
+				e.RunHealthProbes(context.Background(), true)
+			}
+			if cm := e.GetClientMetrics(); cm != nil {
+				deps.ClientMetrics = cm
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	bundleGenerator := debug.NewBundleGenerator(
+		deps,
+		debug.BundleConfig{
+			Anonymize:         anonymize,
+			AnonymizeLevel:    nbAnonymize.ParseLevel(anonymizeLevel),
+			IncludeSystemInfo: true,
+		},
+	)
+
+	path, err := bundleGenerator.Generate()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("generate debug bundle: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to remove debug bundle file: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	uploadCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	key, err := debug.UploadDebugBundle(uploadCtx, types.DefaultBundleURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String(), path, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("upload debug bundle: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("debug bundle uploaded with key %s", key)
+	return key, nil
 }
 
 // SetTraceLogLevel configure the logger to trace level
@@ -198,6 +365,7 @@ func (c *Client) GetStatusDetails() *StatusDetails {
 		}
 		pi := PeerInfo{
 			IP:                         p.IP,
+			IPv6:                       p.IPv6,
 			FQDN:                       p.FQDN,
 			LocalIceCandidateEndpoint:  p.LocalIceCandidateEndpoint,
 			RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint: p.RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint,
@@ -216,12 +384,16 @@ func (c *Client) GetStatusDetails() *StatusDetails {
 		}
 		peerInfos[n] = pi
 	}
-	return &StatusDetails{items: peerInfos, fqdn: fullStatus.LocalPeerState.FQDN, ip: fullStatus.LocalPeerState.IP}
+	return &StatusDetails{items: peerInfos, fqdn: fullStatus.LocalPeerState.FQDN, ip: fullStatus.LocalPeerState.IP, ipv6: fullStatus.LocalPeerState.IPv6}
 }
 
 // SetConnectionListener set the network connection listener
 func (c *Client) SetConnectionListener(listener ConnectionListener) {
-	c.recorder.SetConnectionListener(listener)
+	if listener == nil {
+		c.recorder.RemoveConnectionListener()
+		return
+	}
+	c.recorder.SetConnectionListener(connectionListenerAdapter{listener})
 }
 
 // RemoveConnectionListener remove connection listener
@@ -229,41 +401,29 @@ func (c *Client) RemoveConnectionListener() {
 	c.recorder.RemoveConnectionListener()
 }
 
+// IsLoginRequiredCached reports whether the LAST observed management error was an
+// auth failure (PermissionDenied/InvalidArgument), using the in-memory status
+// recorder. Unlike IsLoginRequired() it performs NO network call, so it is safe to
+// call from the connection listener during teardown (e.g. onDisconnected) without
+// blocking on a slow or unavailable network. Returns false while connected to
+// management or when the last error was not auth-related.
+func (c *Client) IsLoginRequiredCached() bool {
+	return c.recorder.IsLoginRequired()
+}
+
 func (c *Client) IsLoginRequired() bool {
-	var ctx context.Context
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues := context.WithValue(context.Background(), system.DeviceNameCtxKey, c.deviceName)
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues = context.WithValue(ctxWithValues, system.OsNameCtxKey, c.osName)
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues = context.WithValue(ctxWithValues, system.OsVersionCtxKey, c.osVersion)
-	c.ctxCancelLock.Lock()
-	defer c.ctxCancelLock.Unlock()
-	ctx, c.ctxCancel = context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
+	defer cancel()
 
-	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
-	var err error
-
-	// Use preloaded config if available (tvOS where file writes are blocked)
-	if c.preloadedConfig != nil {
-		log.Infof("IsLoginRequired: using preloaded config from memory")
-		cfg = c.preloadedConfig
-	} else {
-		log.Infof("IsLoginRequired: loading config from file")
-		// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
-		// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
-		cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-			ConfigPath: c.cfgFile,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("IsLoginRequired: failed to load config: %v", err)
-			// If we can't load config, assume login is required
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	if cfg == nil {
-		log.Errorf("IsLoginRequired: config is nil")
+	cfg, err := c.loadConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{ConfigPath: c.cfgFile})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("IsLoginRequired: failed to load config: %v", err)
 		return true
 	}
 
@@ -287,17 +447,22 @@ func (c *Client) IsLoginRequired() bool {
 // loginForMobileAuthTimeout is the timeout for requesting auth info from the server
 const loginForMobileAuthTimeout = 30 * time.Second
 
+const stopRunWaitTimeout = 20 * time.Second
+
 func (c *Client) LoginForMobile() string {
-	var ctx context.Context
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues := context.WithValue(context.Background(), system.DeviceNameCtxKey, c.deviceName)
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues = context.WithValue(ctxWithValues, system.OsNameCtxKey, c.osName)
 	//nolint
 	ctxWithValues = context.WithValue(ctxWithValues, system.OsVersionCtxKey, c.osVersion)
-	c.ctxCancelLock.Lock()
-	defer c.ctxCancelLock.Unlock()
-	ctx, c.ctxCancel = context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctxWithValues)
+	loginDone := false
+	defer func() {
+		if !loginDone {
+			cancel()
+		}
+	}()
 
 	// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
 	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
@@ -308,6 +473,7 @@ func (c *Client) LoginForMobile() string {
 		log.Errorf("LoginForMobile: failed to load config: %v", err)
 		return fmt.Sprintf("failed to load config: %v", err)
 	}
+	c.applyMDMOverlay(cfg)
 
 	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, cfg, false, false, "")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -324,7 +490,9 @@ func (c *Client) LoginForMobile() string {
 	}
 
 	// This could cause a potential race condition with loading the extension which need to be handled on swift side
+	loginDone = true
 	go func() {
+		defer cancel()
 		tokenInfo, err := oAuthFlow.WaitToken(ctx, flowInfo)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("LoginForMobile: WaitToken failed: %v", err)
@@ -341,99 +509,179 @@ func (c *Client) LoginForMobile() string {
 			log.Errorf("LoginForMobile: Login failed: %v", err)
 			return
 		}
-		c.loginComplete = true
+		c.loginComplete.Store(true)
 	}()
 
 	return flowInfo.VerificationURIComplete
 }
 
 func (c *Client) IsLoginComplete() bool {
-	return c.loginComplete
+	return c.loginComplete.Load()
 }
 
 func (c *Client) ClearLoginComplete() {
-	c.loginComplete = false
+	c.loginComplete.Store(false)
 }
 
 func (c *Client) GetRoutesSelectionDetails() (*RoutesSelectionDetails, error) {
-	if c.connectClient == nil {
+	_, connectClient := c.stateSnapshot()
+	if connectClient == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("not connected")
 	}
 
-	engine := c.connectClient.Engine()
+	engine := connectClient.Engine()
 	if engine == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("not connected")
 	}
 
 	routeManager := engine.GetRouteManager()
-	routesMap := routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
 	if routeManager == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not get route manager")
 	}
+	routesMap := routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
 	routeSelector := routeManager.GetRouteSelector()
 	if routeSelector == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not get route selector")
 	}
 
+	v6ExitMerged := route.V6ExitMergeSet(routesMap)
+	routes := buildSelectRoutes(routesMap, routeSelector.IsSelected, v6ExitMerged)
+	resolvedDomains := c.recorder.GetResolvedDomainsStates()
+
+	// Compute each route's connection status in the core (mirroring the Android
+	// bridge), so the UI doesn't have to infer it by string-matching the joined
+	// Network value against peer routes. For a merged exit node the status reflects
+	// whichever of the v4/v6 prefixes is served by a connected peer; for dynamic
+	// (DNS) routes the peer route key is the domain pattern (see dynamic.Route.String).
+	connectedRoutes := c.connectedRouteSet()
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		r.Status = routeStatus(r, connectedRoutes)
+	}
+
+	return prepareRouteSelectionDetails(routes, resolvedDomains), nil
+}
+
+// connectedRouteSet returns the set of route keys (as strings) currently served by a
+// connected peer, gathered across all connected peers' route tables. The keys match
+// what the route manager records: a prefix string for static routes (e.g. "0.0.0.0/0")
+// and the domain pattern for dynamic routes (e.g. "*.example.com").
+func (c *Client) connectedRouteSet() map[string]struct{} {
+	connected := map[string]struct{}{}
+	for _, p := range c.recorder.GetFullStatus().Peers {
+		if p.ConnStatus != peer.StatusConnected {
+			continue
+		}
+		for r := range p.GetRoutes() {
+			connected[r] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return connected
+}
+
+// routeStatus reports "Connected" if any of the route's keys is served by a connected
+// peer: the primary Network prefix, an extra v6 network of a merged exit node, or the
+// domain pattern for a dynamic DNS route. Otherwise "Idle".
+func routeStatus(r *selectRoute, connectedRoutes map[string]struct{}) string {
+	keys := make([]string, 0, 1+len(r.extraNetworks))
+	if len(r.Domains) > 0 {
+		keys = append(keys, r.Domains.SafeString())
+	} else {
+		keys = append(keys, r.Network.String())
+	}
+	for _, extra := range r.extraNetworks {
+		keys = append(keys, extra.String())
+	}
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		if _, ok := connectedRoutes[k]; ok {
+			return peer.StatusConnected.String()
+		}
+	}
+	return peer.StatusIdle.String()
+}
+
+func buildSelectRoutes(routesMap map[route.NetID][]*route.Route, isSelected func(route.NetID) bool, v6Merged map[route.NetID]struct{}) []*selectRoute {
 	var routes []*selectRoute
 	for id, rt := range routesMap {
 		if len(rt) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		route := &selectRoute{
+		if _, ok := v6Merged[id]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		r := &selectRoute{
 			NetID:    string(id),
 			Network:  rt[0].Network,
 			Domains:  rt[0].Domains,
-			Selected: routeSelector.IsSelected(id),
+			Selected: isSelected(id),
 		}
-		routes = append(routes, route)
+
+		v6ID := route.NetID(string(id) + route.V6ExitSuffix)
+		if _, ok := v6Merged[v6ID]; ok {
+			r.extraNetworks = []netip.Prefix{routesMap[v6ID][0].Network}
+		}
+
+		routes = append(routes, r)
 	}
 
 	sort.Slice(routes, func(i, j int) bool {
-		iPrefix := routes[i].Network.Bits()
-		jPrefix := routes[j].Network.Bits()
-
-		if iPrefix == jPrefix {
-			iAddr := routes[i].Network.Addr()
-			jAddr := routes[j].Network.Addr()
-			if iAddr == jAddr {
-				return routes[i].NetID < routes[j].NetID
-			}
-			return iAddr.String() < jAddr.String()
+		iBits, jBits := routes[i].Network.Bits(), routes[j].Network.Bits()
+		if iBits != jBits {
+			return iBits < jBits
 		}
-		return iPrefix < jPrefix
+		iAddr, jAddr := routes[i].Network.Addr(), routes[j].Network.Addr()
+		if iAddr != jAddr {
+			return iAddr.Less(jAddr)
+		}
+		return routes[i].NetID < routes[j].NetID
 	})
 
-	resolvedDomains := c.recorder.GetResolvedDomainsStates()
-
-	return prepareRouteSelectionDetails(routes, resolvedDomains), nil
-
+	return routes
 }
 
 func prepareRouteSelectionDetails(routes []*selectRoute, resolvedDomains map[domain.Domain]peer.ResolvedDomainInfo) *RoutesSelectionDetails {
 	var routeSelection []RoutesSelectionInfo
 	for _, r := range routes {
-		domainList := make([]DomainInfo, 0)
+		// resolvedDomains is keyed by the resolved domain (e.g. api.ipify.org),
+		// not the configured pattern (e.g. *.ipify.org). Group entries whose
+		// ParentDomain belongs to this route, mirroring the daemon logic in
+		// client/server/network.go.
+		domainList := make([]DomainInfo, 0, len(r.Domains))
+		domainIndex := make(map[domain.Domain]int, len(r.Domains))
 		for _, d := range r.Domains {
-			domainResp := DomainInfo{
-				Domain: d.SafeString(),
-			}
-
-			if info, exists := resolvedDomains[d]; exists {
-				var ipStrings []string
-				for _, prefix := range info.Prefixes {
-					ipStrings = append(ipStrings, prefix.Addr().String())
-				}
-				domainResp.ResolvedIPs = strings.Join(ipStrings, ", ")
-			}
-			domainList = append(domainList, domainResp)
+			domainIndex[d] = len(domainList)
+			domainList = append(domainList, DomainInfo{Domain: d.SafeString()})
 		}
+
+		for _, info := range resolvedDomains {
+			idx, ok := domainIndex[info.ParentDomain]
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, prefix := range info.Prefixes {
+				domainList[idx].AddResolvedIP(prefix.Addr().String())
+			}
+		}
+
 		domainDetails := DomainDetails{items: domainList}
+
+		// For dynamic (DNS) routes, expose the joined domain pattern as the
+		// Network value so it matches the peer.routes entries on the Swift
+		// side (mirroring the Android bridge in client/android/client.go).
+		netStr := r.Network.String()
+		if len(r.Domains) > 0 {
+			netStr = r.Domains.SafeString()
+		}
+		for _, extra := range r.extraNetworks {
+			netStr += ", " + extra.String()
+		}
+
 		routeSelection = append(routeSelection, RoutesSelectionInfo{
 			ID:       r.NetID,
-			Network:  r.Network.String(),
+			Network:  netStr,
 			Domains:  &domainDetails,
 			Selected: r.Selected,
+			Status:   r.Status,
 		})
 	}
 
@@ -442,59 +690,95 @@ func prepareRouteSelectionDetails(routes []*selectRoute, resolvedDomains map[dom
 }
 
 func (c *Client) SelectRoute(id string) error {
-	if c.connectClient == nil {
+	_, connectClient := c.stateSnapshot()
+	if connectClient == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("not connected")
 	}
 
-	engine := c.connectClient.Engine()
+	engine := connectClient.Engine()
 	if engine == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("not connected")
 	}
 
 	routeManager := engine.GetRouteManager()
-	routeSelector := routeManager.GetRouteSelector()
 	if id == "All" {
 		log.Debugf("select all routes")
-		routeSelector.SelectAllRoutes()
-	} else {
-		log.Debugf("select route with id: %s", id)
-		routes := toNetIDs([]string{id})
-		if err := routeSelector.SelectRoutes(routes, true, maps.Keys(routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID())); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("error when selecting routes: %s", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("select routes: %w", err)
-		}
+		routeManager.SelectAllRoutes()
+		return nil
 	}
-	routeManager.TriggerSelection(routeManager.GetClientRoutes())
-	return nil
 
+	log.Debugf("select route with id: %s", id)
+	if err := routeManager.SelectRoutes(toNetIDs([]string{id}), true); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("error when selecting routes: %s", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (c *Client) DeselectRoute(id string) error {
-	if c.connectClient == nil {
+	_, connectClient := c.stateSnapshot()
+	if connectClient == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("not connected")
 	}
-	engine := c.connectClient.Engine()
+	engine := connectClient.Engine()
 	if engine == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("not connected")
 	}
 
 	routeManager := engine.GetRouteManager()
-	routeSelector := routeManager.GetRouteSelector()
 	if id == "All" {
 		log.Debugf("deselect all routes")
-		routeSelector.DeselectAllRoutes()
-	} else {
-		log.Debugf("deselect route with id: %s", id)
-		routes := toNetIDs([]string{id})
-		if err := routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(routes, maps.Keys(routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID())); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("error when deselecting routes: %s", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("deselect routes: %w", err)
-		}
+		routeManager.DeselectAllRoutes()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("deselect route with id: %s", id)
+	if err := routeManager.DeselectRoutes(toNetIDs([]string{id})); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("error when deselecting routes: %s", err)
+		return err
 	}
-	routeManager.TriggerSelection(routeManager.GetClientRoutes())
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (c *Client) startRun(cancel context.CancelFunc) (chan struct{}, error) {
+	c.stateMu.Lock()
+	defer c.stateMu.Unlock()
+
+	if c.runDone != nil {
+		return nil, errClientAlreadyRunning
+	}
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	c.runDone = done
+	c.ctxCancel = cancel
+	return done, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) finishRun(done chan struct{}) {
+	c.stateMu.Lock()
+	c.connectClient = nil
+	c.config = nil
+	c.runDone = nil
+	c.ctxCancel = nil
+	c.stateMu.Unlock()
+
+	close(done)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) setState(cfg *profilemanager.Config, cc *internal.ConnectClient) {
+	c.stateMu.Lock()
+	c.config = cfg
+	c.connectClient = cc
+	c.stateMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// stateSnapshot returns the current config and ConnectClient under the lock.
+func (c *Client) stateSnapshot() (*profilemanager.Config, *internal.ConnectClient) {
+	c.stateMu.RLock()
+	defer c.stateMu.RUnlock()
+	return c.config, c.connectClient
+}
+
 func formatDuration(d time.Duration) string {
 	ds := d.String()
 	dotIndex := strings.Index(ds, ".")
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/connection_listener.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/connection_listener.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d792537ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/connection_listener.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//go:build ios
+
+package NetBirdSDK
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+)
+
+// Client state values, re-exported as basic constants so gomobile emits them
+// into the generated bindings. They mirror peer.ClientState*: append-only,
+// never reorder.
+const (
+	ClientStateDisconnected  = int(peer.ClientStateDisconnected)
+	ClientStateConnected     = int(peer.ClientStateConnected)
+	ClientStateConnecting    = int(peer.ClientStateConnecting)
+	ClientStateDisconnecting = int(peer.ClientStateDisconnecting)
+	ClientStateNoNetwork     = int(peer.ClientStateNoNetwork)
+)
+
+// ConnectionListener export internal Listener for mobile.
+//
+// It intentionally lacks OnStateChanged for now: adding a method to a gomobile
+// interface breaks every Swift implementation, so the iOS app keeps building
+// against the legacy per-state callbacks. A follow-up will extend it together
+// with the app.
+type ConnectionListener interface {
+	OnConnected()
+	OnDisconnected()
+	OnConnecting()
+	OnDisconnecting()
+	OnAddressChanged(string, string)
+	OnPeersListChanged(int)
+}
+
+// connectionListenerAdapter adapts the gomobile-facing ConnectionListener to
+// peer.Listener.
+type connectionListenerAdapter struct {
+	ConnectionListener
+}
+
+// OnStateChanged is dropped on iOS until the app adopts the state callback;
+// the legacy per-state callbacks continue to fire.
+func (a connectionListenerAdapter) OnStateChanged(peer.ClientState) {}
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/env_list.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/env_list.go
index 88ac97957..a3ffa0ebe 100644
--- a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/env_list.go
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/env_list.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func GetEnvKeyNBForceRelay() string {
 
 // GetEnvKeyNBLazyConn Exports the environment variable for the iOS client
 func GetEnvKeyNBLazyConn() string {
-	return lazyconn.EnvEnableLazyConn
+	return lazyconn.EnvLazyConn
 }
 
 // GetEnvKeyNBInactivityThreshold Exports the environment variable for the iOS client
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/login.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/login.go
index 9d447ef3f..0dfff620e 100644
--- a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/login.go
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/login.go
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mobile"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 )
 
@@ -36,39 +38,82 @@ type URLOpener interface {
 // Auth can register or login new client
 type Auth struct {
 	ctx     context.Context
+	cancel  context.CancelFunc
 	config  *profilemanager.Config
+	base    *profilemanager.Config
+	policy  *mdm.Policy
 	cfgPath string
 }
 
-// NewAuth instantiate Auth struct and validate the management URL
-func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string) (*Auth, error) {
-	inputCfg := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-		ManagementURL: mgmURL,
+// NewAuth instantiate Auth struct and validate the management URL.
+// Auth is constructed under the active MDM policy: the policy is overlaid on
+// the resolved config so the login runs against the enforced values, while
+// the persisted config keeps the caller-supplied ones; a caller-supplied
+// management URL is ignored while MDM manages that key. A nil fetcher
+// disables MDM enforcement.
+func NewAuth(cfgPath string, mgmURL string, fetcher PolicyFetcher) (*Auth, error) {
+	policy := loaderFor(fetcher).Load()
+	inputCfg := profilemanager.ConfigInput{ConfigPath: cfgPath}
+	if _, managed := policy.GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); !managed {
+		inputCfg.ManagementURL = mgmURL
 	}
 
-	cfg, err := profilemanager.CreateInMemoryConfig(inputCfg)
+	// Load the existing config when a config file is already present so an
+	// interactive re-login reuses the peer's persisted WireGuard private key
+	// (and thus its identity) instead of generating a fresh one. Generating a
+	// new key registers a brand-new peer on the management server on every
+	// re-auth (named after the fallback hostname). Only fall back to a fresh
+	// in-memory config for the first-time login when no config file exists yet.
+	// DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig uses non-atomic writes so it also works inside
+	// the tvOS App Group sandbox where atomic temp-file+rename is blocked.
+	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
+	var err error
+	if cfgPath != "" {
+		cfg, err = profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(inputCfg)
+	} else {
+		cfg, err = profilemanager.CreateInMemoryConfig(inputCfg)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	a := &Auth{policy: policy, cfgPath: cfgPath}
+	if err := a.setBaseConfig(cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 
-	return &Auth{
-		ctx:     context.Background(),
-		config:  cfg,
-		cfgPath: cfgPath,
-	}, nil
+	// Use a cancellable context so Stop() can abort an in-progress interactive
+	// login. The PKCE flow's WaitToken blocks (and keeps its loopback HTTP server
+	// bound to a port) until the OAuth callback arrives or the flow expires;
+	// cancelling the context unblocks WaitToken, which then shuts that server down
+	// and frees the port for the next login attempt. iOS runs login in the main-app
+	// process (decoupled from the network extension), so without this the server
+	// lingers after the user dismisses the browser and the next connect stalls
+	// trying to bind the same port.
+	a.ctx, a.cancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	return a, nil
 }
 
 // NewAuthWithConfig instantiate Auth based on existing config
 func NewAuthWithConfig(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config) *Auth {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	return &Auth{
 		ctx:    ctx,
+		cancel: cancel,
 		config: config,
 	}
 }
 
-// SaveConfigIfSSOSupported test the connectivity with the management server by retrieving the server device flow info.
-// If it returns a flow info than save the configuration and return true. If it gets a codes.NotFound, it means that SSO
-// is not supported and returns false without saving the configuration. For other errors return false.
+// Stop aborts an in-progress interactive login started via Login/LoginWithDeviceName.
+// It cancels the auth context, which unblocks the PKCE WaitToken and shuts down its
+// loopback HTTP server, freeing the redirect port. Safe to call multiple times and
+// safe to call when no login is running.
+func (a *Auth) Stop() {
+	if a.cancel != nil {
+		a.cancel()
+	}
+}
+
+// SaveConfigIfSSOSupported reports whether the management server supports SSO; the config is already persisted by NewAuth.
 func (a *Auth) SaveConfigIfSSOSupported(listener SSOListener) {
 	if listener == nil {
 		log.Errorf("SaveConfigIfSSOSupported: listener is nil")
@@ -96,17 +141,10 @@ func (a *Auth) saveConfigIfSSOSupported() (bool, error) {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to check SSO support: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if !supportsSSO {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	// Use DirectWriteOutConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
-	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
-	err = profilemanager.DirectWriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
-	return true, err
+	return supportsSSO, nil
 }
 
-// LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig test the connectivity with the management server with the setup key.
+// LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig registers the peer with the setup key; the config is already persisted by NewAuth.
 func (a *Auth) LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(resultListener ErrListener, setupKey string, deviceName string) {
 	if resultListener == nil {
 		log.Errorf("LoginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig: resultListener is nil")
@@ -135,10 +173,7 @@ func (a *Auth) loginWithSetupKeyAndSaveConfig(setupKey string, deviceName string
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	// Use DirectWriteOutConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
-	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
-	return profilemanager.DirectWriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config)
+	return nil
 }
 
 // LoginSync performs a synchronous login check without UI interaction
@@ -183,17 +218,36 @@ func (a *Auth) Login(resultListener ErrListener, urlOpener URLOpener, forceDevic
 // LoginWithDeviceName performs interactive login with device authentication support
 // The deviceName parameter allows specifying a custom device name (required for tvOS)
 func (a *Auth) LoginWithDeviceName(resultListener ErrListener, urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName string) {
+	a.startLogin(resultListener, urlOpener, forceDeviceAuth, deviceName, false)
+}
+
+// LoginInteractive performs the same interactive login as LoginWithDeviceName but skips the
+// IsLoginRequired() pre-flight and goes straight to the browser / device-code flow.
+//
+// IsLoginRequired() is itself a full Login RPC against the management server, so when the
+// caller has ALREADY established that login is required it is a pure duplicate. On iOS the
+// main app decides to show the browser based on its own isLoginRequired() check and then
+// calls straight into this method, so re-asking the server would add another Login RPC to
+// every interactive login.
+//
+// Use LoginWithDeviceName when the auth state is unknown and a silent (browser-less) login
+// must still be possible; use this when the browser is going to be shown regardless.
+func (a *Auth) LoginInteractive(resultListener ErrListener, urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName string) {
+	a.startLogin(resultListener, urlOpener, forceDeviceAuth, deviceName, true)
+}
+
+func (a *Auth) startLogin(resultListener ErrListener, urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName string, skipLoginCheck bool) {
 	if resultListener == nil {
-		log.Errorf("LoginWithDeviceName: resultListener is nil")
+		log.Errorf("startLogin: resultListener is nil")
 		return
 	}
 	if urlOpener == nil {
-		log.Errorf("LoginWithDeviceName: urlOpener is nil")
+		log.Errorf("startLogin: urlOpener is nil")
 		resultListener.OnError(fmt.Errorf("urlOpener is nil"))
 		return
 	}
 	go func() {
-		err := a.login(urlOpener, forceDeviceAuth, deviceName)
+		err := a.login(urlOpener, forceDeviceAuth, deviceName, skipLoginCheck)
 		if err != nil {
 			resultListener.OnError(err)
 		} else {
@@ -202,7 +256,7 @@ func (a *Auth) LoginWithDeviceName(resultListener ErrListener, urlOpener URLOpen
 	}()
 }
 
-func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName string) error {
+func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName string, skipLoginCheck bool) error {
 	// Create context with device name if provided
 	ctx := a.ctx
 	if deviceName != "" {
@@ -216,19 +270,24 @@ func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName strin
 	}
 	defer authClient.Close()
 
-	// check if we need to generate JWT token
-	needsLogin, err := authClient.IsLoginRequired(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check login requirement: %v", err)
+	// check if we need to generate JWT token (skipped when the caller already knows)
+	needsLogin := true
+	if !skipLoginCheck {
+		needsLogin, err = authClient.IsLoginRequired(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to check login requirement: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	jwtToken := ""
+	email := ""
 	if needsLogin {
 		tokenInfo, err := a.foregroundGetTokenInfo(authClient, urlOpener, forceDeviceAuth)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("interactive sso login failed: %v", err)
 		}
 		jwtToken = tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()
+		email = tokenInfo.Email
 	}
 
 	err, isAuthError := authClient.Login(ctx, "", jwtToken)
@@ -240,16 +299,11 @@ func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName strin
 		return fmt.Errorf("login failed: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Save the config before notifying success to ensure persistence completes
-	// before the callback potentially triggers teardown on the Swift side.
-	// Note: This differs from Android which doesn't save config after login.
-	// On iOS/tvOS, we save here because:
-	// 1. The config may have been modified during login (e.g., new tokens)
-	// 2. On tvOS, the Network Extension context may be the only place with
-	//    write permissions to the App Group container
-	if a.cfgPath != "" {
-		if err := profilemanager.DirectWriteOutConfig(a.cfgPath, a.config); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to save config after login: %v", err)
+	// Stored after Login, not before: a rejected token must not leave a hint
+	// pointing at an account that cannot be used.
+	if email != "" && a.cfgPath != "" {
+		if err := mobile.WriteProfileEmail(a.cfgPath, email); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("failed to store profile account email: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -259,10 +313,24 @@ func (a *Auth) login(urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool, deviceName strin
 	return nil
 }
 
+// profileLoginHint returns the stored account email for the profile at cfgPath,
+// so a re-login targets the account the profile already belongs to instead of
+// whatever session the shared browser cookie jar happens to hold.
+//
+// An empty hint is deliberate, not a fallback: a fresh profile leaves the
+// choice to the IdP. Switching accounts is done by switching or removing
+// profiles, not by logging out — logout keeps the email.
+func profileLoginHint(cfgPath string) string {
+	if cfgPath == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return mobile.ReadProfileEmail(cfgPath)
+}
+
 const authInfoRequestTimeout = 30 * time.Second
 
 func (a *Auth) foregroundGetTokenInfo(authClient *auth.Auth, urlOpener URLOpener, forceDeviceAuth bool) (*auth.TokenInfo, error) {
-	oAuthFlow, err := authClient.GetOAuthFlow(a.ctx, forceDeviceAuth)
+	oAuthFlow, err := authClient.GetOAuthFlow(a.ctx, forceDeviceAuth, profileLoginHint(a.cfgPath))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get OAuth flow: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -289,23 +357,44 @@ func (a *Auth) foregroundGetTokenInfo(authClient *auth.Auth, urlOpener URLOpener
 	return &tokenInfo, nil
 }
 
-// GetConfigJSON returns the current config as a JSON string.
-// This can be used by the caller to persist the config via alternative storage
-// mechanisms (e.g., UserDefaults on tvOS where file writes are blocked).
+// GetConfigJSON returns the config without the MDM overlay as JSON, for persisting it outside the config file (tvOS).
 func (a *Auth) GetConfigJSON() (string, error) {
-	if a.config == nil {
+	cfg := a.base
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = a.config
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("no config available")
 	}
-	return profilemanager.ConfigToJSON(a.config)
+	return profilemanager.ConfigToJSON(cfg)
 }
 
-// SetConfigFromJSON loads config from a JSON string.
-// This can be used to restore config from alternative storage mechanisms.
+// SetConfigFromJSON replaces the config from JSON; the MDM overlay is applied on top for the login.
 func (a *Auth) SetConfigFromJSON(jsonStr string) error {
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(jsonStr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	a.config = cfg
+	return a.setBaseConfig(cfg)
+}
+
+func (a *Auth) setBaseConfig(base *profilemanager.Config) error {
+	overlaid, err := copyConfig(base)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if a.policy != nil {
+		overlaid.ApplyMDMPolicy(a.policy)
+	}
+	a.base = base
+	a.config = overlaid
 	return nil
 }
+
+func copyConfig(cfg *profilemanager.Config) (*profilemanager.Config, error) {
+	raw, err := profilemanager.ConfigToJSON(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return profilemanager.ConfigFromJSON(raw)
+}
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/mdm.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/mdm.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93a31916c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/mdm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//go:build ios
+
+package NetBirdSDK
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+// PolicyFetcher is implemented by the native layer to return the current
+// managed configuration as a JSON-encoded object string; "" means no MDM
+// source is present.
+type PolicyFetcher interface {
+	FetchJSON() string
+}
+
+type mdmSource struct {
+	loader   *mdm.Loader
+	detector *mdm.ChangeDetector
+}
+
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this Client; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (c *Client) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(p PolicyFetcher) {
+	loader := loaderFor(p)
+	c.mdmSource.Store(&mdmSource{loader: loader, detector: mdm.NewChangeDetector(loader)})
+}
+
+// HasMDMPolicyChanged re-reads the managed configuration and reports whether
+// it changed since the last observation; call it from the native OS-change
+// notification and restart the engine only on true.
+func (c *Client) HasMDMPolicyChanged() bool {
+	src := c.mdmSource.Load()
+	if src == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return src.detector.Changed()
+}
+
+// GetRestrictionsJSON returns the UI enforcement snapshot derived from the
+// active MDM policy, in the JSON shape shared with the desktop frontend.
+func (c *Client) GetRestrictionsJSON() (string, error) {
+	return mdm.BuildRestrictions(c.mdmLoader().Load()).JSON()
+}
+
+func (c *Client) applyMDMOverlay(cfg *profilemanager.Config) {
+	loader := c.mdmLoader()
+	if cfg == nil || loader == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(loader.Load())
+}
+
+func (c *Client) mdmLoader() *mdm.Loader {
+	if src := c.mdmSource.Load(); src != nil {
+		return src.loader
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func loaderFor(p PolicyFetcher) *mdm.Loader {
+	if p == nil {
+		return mdm.NewJSONLoader(nil)
+	}
+	return mdm.NewJSONLoader(p.FetchJSON)
+}
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/peer_notifier.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/peer_notifier.go
index 9b00568be..025cd94cd 100644
--- a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/peer_notifier.go
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/peer_notifier.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package NetBirdSDK
 // PeerInfo describe information about the peers. It designed for the UI usage
 type PeerInfo struct {
 	IP                         string
+	IPv6                       string
 	FQDN                       string
 	LocalIceCandidateEndpoint  string
 	RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint string
@@ -23,6 +24,11 @@ type PeerInfo struct {
 	Routes                     RoutesDetails
 }
 
+// GetIPv6 returns the IPv6 address of the peer
+func (p PeerInfo) GetIPv6() string {
+	return p.IPv6
+}
+
 // GetRoutes return with RouteDetails
 func (p PeerInfo) GetRouteDetails() *RoutesDetails {
 	return &p.Routes
@@ -57,6 +63,7 @@ type StatusDetails struct {
 	items []PeerInfo
 	fqdn  string
 	ip    string
+	ipv6  string
 }
 
 // Add new PeerInfo to the collection
@@ -100,3 +107,8 @@ func (array StatusDetails) GetFQDN() string {
 func (array StatusDetails) GetIP() string {
 	return array.ip
 }
+
+// GetIPv6 return with the IPv6 of the local peer
+func (array StatusDetails) GetIPv6() string {
+	return array.ipv6
+}
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences.go
index c26a6decd..5297920a3 100644
--- a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences.go
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences.go
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
 package NetBirdSDK
 
 import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 )
 
 // Preferences export a subset of the internal config for gomobile
 type Preferences struct {
 	configInput profilemanager.ConfigInput
+	mdmLoader   atomic.Pointer[mdm.Loader]
 }
 
 // NewPreferences create new Preferences instance
@@ -17,11 +21,30 @@ func NewPreferences(configPath string, stateFilePath string) *Preferences {
 		ConfigPath:    configPath,
 		StateFilePath: stateFilePath,
 	}
-	return &Preferences{ci}
+	return &Preferences{configInput: ci}
+}
+
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this Preferences instance; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (p *Preferences) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(f PolicyFetcher) {
+	p.mdmLoader.Store(loaderFor(f))
+}
+
+// GetRestrictionsJSON returns the UI enforcement snapshot derived from the
+// active MDM policy, in the JSON shape shared with the desktop frontend.
+func (p *Preferences) GetRestrictionsJSON() (string, error) {
+	return mdm.BuildRestrictions(p.policy()).JSON()
+}
+
+func (p *Preferences) policy() *mdm.Policy {
+	return p.mdmLoader.Load().Load()
 }
 
 // GetManagementURL read url from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetManagementURL() (string, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetString(mdm.KeyManagementURL); ok {
+		return mdm.CanonicalURL(v), nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.ManagementURL != "" {
 		return p.configInput.ManagementURL, nil
 	}
@@ -30,7 +53,7 @@ func (p *Preferences) GetManagementURL() (string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	return cfg.ManagementURL.String(), err
+	return cfg.ManagementURL.String(), nil
 }
 
 // SetManagementURL store the given url and wait for commit
@@ -56,17 +79,21 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetAdminURL(url string) {
 	p.configInput.AdminURL = url
 }
 
-// GetPreSharedKey read preshared key from config file
-func (p *Preferences) GetPreSharedKey() (string, error) {
+// HasPreSharedKey reports whether a pre-shared key is staged, persisted, or
+// enforced by MDM; the key itself is never handed to the native layer.
+func (p *Preferences) HasPreSharedKey() (bool, error) {
+	if _, ok := p.policy().GetString(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey); ok {
+		return true, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.PreSharedKey != nil {
-		return *p.configInput.PreSharedKey, nil
+		return *p.configInput.PreSharedKey != "", nil
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
+		return false, err
 	}
-	return cfg.PreSharedKey, err
+	return cfg.PreSharedKey != "", nil
 }
 
 // SetPreSharedKey store the given key and wait for commit
@@ -81,6 +108,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetRosenpassEnabled(enabled bool) {
 
 // GetRosenpassEnabled read rosenpass enabled from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassEnabled() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.RosenpassEnabled != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.RosenpassEnabled, nil
 	}
@@ -99,6 +129,9 @@ func (p *Preferences) SetRosenpassPermissive(permissive bool) {
 
 // GetRosenpassPermissive read rosenpass permissive from config file
 func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassPermissive() (bool, error) {
+	if v, ok := p.policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
 	if p.configInput.RosenpassPermissive != nil {
 		return *p.configInput.RosenpassPermissive, nil
 	}
@@ -110,8 +143,52 @@ func (p *Preferences) GetRosenpassPermissive() (bool, error) {
 	return cfg.RosenpassPermissive, err
 }
 
+// GetDisableIPv6 reads disable IPv6 setting from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetDisableIPv6() (bool, error) {
+	if p.configInput.DisableIPv6 != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.DisableIPv6, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return cfg.DisableIPv6, err
+}
+
+// SetDisableIPv6 stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetDisableIPv6(disable bool) {
+	p.configInput.DisableIPv6 = &disable
+}
+
+// GetRemoteJobsAllowed reads the remote jobs opt-in from config file
+func (p *Preferences) GetRemoteJobsAllowed() (bool, error) {
+	policy := p.policy()
+	if !policy.HasKey(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed) && p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil {
+		return *p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed, nil
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(p.configInput.ConfigPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(policy)
+	if cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return *cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed, nil
+}
+
+// SetRemoteJobsAllowed stores the given value and waits for commit
+func (p *Preferences) SetRemoteJobsAllowed(allowed bool) {
+	p.configInput.RemoteJobsAllowed = &allowed
+}
+
 // Commit write out the changes into config file
 func (p *Preferences) Commit() error {
+	if err := profilemanager.CheckMDMConflicts(p.configInput, p.policy()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	// Use DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig to avoid atomic file operations (temp file + rename)
 	// which are blocked by the tvOS sandbox in App Group containers
 	_, err := profilemanager.DirectUpdateOrCreateConfig(p.configInput)
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences_test.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences_test.go
index 5f75e7c9a..2382e123c 100644
--- a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences_test.go
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/preferences_test.go
@@ -31,14 +31,13 @@ func TestPreferences_DefaultValues(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("invalid default management url: %s", defaultVar)
 	}
 
-	var preSharedKey string
-	preSharedKey, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read default preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read default preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if preSharedKey != "" {
-		t.Errorf("invalid preshared key: %s", preSharedKey)
+	if hasPSK {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key presence on fresh config")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -69,13 +68,13 @@ func TestPreferences_ReadUncommitedValues(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	p.SetPreSharedKey(exampleString)
-	resp, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if resp != exampleString {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key: %s", resp)
+	if !hasPSK {
+		t.Errorf("expected preshared key presence after staging one")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -114,12 +113,12 @@ func TestPreferences_Commit(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected management url: %s", resp)
 	}
 
-	resp, err = p.GetPreSharedKey()
+	hasPSK, err := p.HasPreSharedKey()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key: %s", err)
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read preshared key presence: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	if resp != examplePresharedKey {
-		t.Errorf("unexpected preshared key: %s", resp)
+	if !hasPSK {
+		t.Errorf("expected preshared key presence after commit")
 	}
 }
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/profile_manager.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/profile_manager.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df962e227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/profile_manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+//go:build ios
+
+package NetBirdSDK
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mobile"
+)
+
+const (
+	// iOS uses a single user context per app.
+	iosUsername = "ios"
+)
+
+// Profile represents a profile for gomobile.
+type Profile struct {
+	ID       string
+	Name     string
+	Email    string
+	IsActive bool
+}
+
+// ProfileArray wraps profiles for gomobile compatibility (gomobile cannot
+// bind Go slices directly).
+type ProfileArray struct {
+	items []*Profile
+}
+
+// Length returns the number of profiles.
+func (p *ProfileArray) Length() int {
+	return len(p.items)
+}
+
+// Get returns the profile at index i, or nil if out of range.
+func (p *ProfileArray) Get(i int) *Profile {
+	if i < 0 || i >= len(p.items) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return p.items[i]
+}
+
+// ProfileManager adapts the shared mobile profile manager (client/mobile) to
+// gomobile-friendly types. See that package for the on-disk layout and
+// semantics.
+type ProfileManager struct {
+	impl *mobile.ProfileManager
+}
+
+// NewProfileManager creates a new profile manager for iOS. configDir is the
+// App Group shared container path that both the app and the network extension
+// can reach.
+func NewProfileManager(configDir string) *ProfileManager {
+	return &ProfileManager{impl: mobile.NewProfileManager(configDir, iosUsername)}
+}
+
+// SetMDMPolicyFetcher registers the native-provided MDM policy fetcher on
+// this ProfileManager; passing nil disables MDM enforcement.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SetMDMPolicyFetcher(f PolicyFetcher) {
+	pm.impl.SetMDMLoader(loaderFor(f))
+}
+
+// ListProfiles returns all available profiles, including the default profile,
+// with their active status set.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) ListProfiles() (*ProfileArray, error) {
+	profiles, err := pm.impl.ListProfiles()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	items := make([]*Profile, 0, len(profiles))
+	for i := range profiles {
+		items = append(items, fromMobileProfile(&profiles[i]))
+	}
+	return &ProfileArray{items: items}, nil
+}
+
+// GetActiveProfile returns the currently active profile.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveProfile() (*Profile, error) {
+	p, err := pm.impl.GetActiveProfile()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return fromMobileProfile(p), nil
+}
+
+// SwitchProfile records the given profile ID as the active profile. The caller
+// must stop the VPN tunnel before switching.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SwitchProfile(id string) error {
+	return pm.impl.SwitchProfile(id)
+}
+
+// AddProfile creates a new profile with the given display name and a
+// generated ID. It returns the created profile so the caller learns the ID.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) AddProfile(displayName string) (*Profile, error) {
+	p, err := pm.impl.AddProfile(displayName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return fromMobileProfile(p), nil
+}
+
+// RenameProfile changes the display name of the profile identified by id. The
+// on-disk filename (the ID) is left unchanged.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) RenameProfile(id string, newName string) error {
+	return pm.impl.RenameProfile(id, newName)
+}
+
+// LogoutProfile clears authentication data for a profile, forcing a re-login.
+// The management URL and other settings are preserved.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) LogoutProfile(id string) error {
+	return pm.impl.LogoutProfile(id)
+}
+
+// RemoveProfile deletes a profile. The default profile and the active profile
+// cannot be removed.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) RemoveProfile(id string) error {
+	return pm.impl.RemoveProfile(id)
+}
+
+// GetConfigPath returns the config file path for the given profile ID. Swift
+// should call this instead of constructing paths itself.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetConfigPath(id string) (string, error) {
+	return pm.impl.GetConfigPath(id)
+}
+
+// GetStateFilePath returns the state file path for the given profile ID.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetStateFilePath(id string) (string, error) {
+	return pm.impl.GetStateFilePath(id)
+}
+
+// GetActiveConfigPath returns the config file path for the currently active
+// profile.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveConfigPath() (string, error) {
+	return pm.impl.GetActiveConfigPath()
+}
+
+// GetActiveStateFilePath returns the state file path for the currently active
+// profile.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveStateFilePath() (string, error) {
+	return pm.impl.GetActiveStateFilePath()
+}
+
+func fromMobileProfile(p *mobile.Profile) *Profile {
+	return &Profile{ID: p.ID, Name: p.Name, Email: p.Email, IsActive: p.IsActive}
+}
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/routes.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/routes.go
index 7b84d6e1c..56af2a1ad 100644
--- a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/routes.go
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/routes.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ type RoutesSelectionInfo struct {
 	Network  string
 	Domains  *DomainDetails
 	Selected bool
+	Status   string
 }
 
 type DomainCollection interface {
@@ -34,7 +35,34 @@ type DomainDetails struct {
 
 type DomainInfo struct {
 	Domain      string
-	ResolvedIPs string
+	resolvedIPs ResolvedIPs
+}
+
+func (d *DomainInfo) AddResolvedIP(ipAddress string) {
+	d.resolvedIPs.Add(ipAddress)
+}
+
+func (d *DomainInfo) GetResolvedIPs() *ResolvedIPs {
+	return &d.resolvedIPs
+}
+
+type ResolvedIPs struct {
+	items []string
+}
+
+func (r *ResolvedIPs) Add(ipAddress string) {
+	r.items = append(r.items, ipAddress)
+}
+
+func (r *ResolvedIPs) Get(i int) string {
+	if i < 0 || i >= len(r.items) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return r.items[i]
+}
+
+func (r *ResolvedIPs) Size() int {
+	return len(r.items)
 }
 
 // Add new PeerInfo to the collection
diff --git a/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/version.go b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/version.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..606ad18e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ios/NetBirdSDK/version.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build ios
+
+package NetBirdSDK
+
+import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+
+// GoClientVersion returns the NetBird Go client version that was baked into
+// the framework at compile time via
+// -ldflags "-X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version=<version>".
+func GoClientVersion() string {
+	return version.NetbirdVersion()
+}
diff --git a/client/jobexec/executor.go b/client/jobexec/executor.go
index e29cc8840..7c730f757 100644
--- a/client/jobexec/executor.go
+++ b/client/jobexec/executor.go
@@ -28,7 +28,11 @@ func NewExecutor() *Executor {
 	return &Executor{}
 }
 
-func (e *Executor) BundleJob(ctx context.Context, debugBundleDependencies debug.GeneratorDependencies, params debug.BundleConfig, waitForDuration time.Duration, mgmURL string) (string, error) {
+func (e *Executor) BundleJob(ctx context.Context, debugBundleDependencies debug.GeneratorDependencies, params debug.BundleConfig, waitForDuration time.Duration, mgmURL, uploadURL string) (string, error) {
+	if uploadURL == "" {
+		uploadURL = types.DefaultBundleURL
+	}
+
 	if waitForDuration > MaxBundleWaitTime {
 		log.Warnf("bundle wait time %v exceeds maximum %v, capping to maximum", waitForDuration, MaxBundleWaitTime)
 		waitForDuration = MaxBundleWaitTime
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@ func (e *Executor) BundleJob(ctx context.Context, debugBundleDependencies debug.
 		}
 	}()
 
-	key, err := debug.UploadDebugBundle(ctx, types.DefaultBundleURL, mgmURL, path)
+	key, err := debug.UploadDebugBundle(ctx, uploadURL, mgmURL, path, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to upload debug bundle: %v", err)
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("upload debug bundle: %w", err)
diff --git a/client/mdm/canonical_loaders.go b/client/mdm/canonical_loaders.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64a8093c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/canonical_loaders.go
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package mdm
+
+import "strings"
+
+// allKeys is the set of recognised MDM keys. Unknown keys in a managed
+// configuration are ignored but logged. Lives in this build-tagged file
+// (windows || darwin) because only desktop loaders need the
+// canonicalisation table that consumes it; including it unconditionally
+// would trigger the `unused` golangci-lint check on platforms that
+// don't import canonical_loaders.go.
+var allKeys = []string{
+	KeyManagementURL,
+	KeyDisableUpdateSettings,
+	KeyDisableProfiles,
+	KeyDisableNetworks,
+	KeyDisableAdvancedView,
+	KeyDisableClientRoutes,
+	KeyDisableServerRoutes,
+	KeyBlockInbound,
+	KeyDisableMetricsCollection,
+	KeyAllowServerSSH,
+	KeyDisableAutoConnect,
+	KeyDisableAutostart,
+	KeyPreSharedKey,
+	KeyRosenpassEnabled,
+	KeyRosenpassPermissive,
+	KeyWireguardPort,
+	KeyEnableLocalMetrics,
+	KeyLocalMetricsAddress,
+	KeySplitTunnelMode,
+	KeySplitTunnelApps,
+	KeyLazyConnection,
+	KeyRemoteJobsAllowed,
+	KeyBundleUploadURL,
+}
+
+// canonicalKey maps the lowercase form of a managed-config value name to
+// its canonical mdm.Key* form. Admins commonly write PascalCase value
+// names in ADMX / Group Policy ("ManagementURL"); the iOS/AppConfig and
+// macOS plist conventions are camelCase ("managementURL"); both must
+// resolve to the same Policy lookup.
+//
+// Lives in a desktop-loader-only file (build tag `windows || darwin`)
+// because no other build path consumes it. Linux / FreeBSD / mobile
+// builds don't ship a platform loader that reads arbitrary-case key
+// names, so they don't need the canonicalisation table — and including
+// the var unconditionally would trigger the `unused` golangci-lint
+// check on those platforms.
+var canonicalKey = func() map[string]string {
+	m := make(map[string]string, len(allKeys))
+	for _, k := range allKeys {
+		m[strings.ToLower(k)] = k
+	}
+	return m
+}()
diff --git a/client/mdm/canonical_loaders_test.go b/client/mdm/canonical_loaders_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..330a15c47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/canonical_loaders_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//go:build windows || darwin
+
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"go/ast"
+	"go/parser"
+	"go/token"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestAllKeysCoversEveryPolicyKey guards against the drift that adding a Key*
+// constant without listing it in allKeys causes: the desktop loaders resolve
+// value names through canonicalKey, so an unlisted key is silently discarded as
+// unknown. policy.go is parsed rather than hand-mirrored so the test cannot go
+// stale in the same way.
+func TestAllKeysCoversEveryPolicyKey(t *testing.T) {
+	file, err := parser.ParseFile(token.NewFileSet(), "policy.go", nil, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse policy.go: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, decl := range file.Decls {
+		gen, ok := decl.(*ast.GenDecl)
+		if !ok || gen.Tok != token.CONST {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, spec := range gen.Specs {
+			value, ok := spec.(*ast.ValueSpec)
+			if !ok || len(value.Names) != 1 || len(value.Values) != 1 {
+				continue
+			}
+			name := value.Names[0].Name
+			if len(name) < 4 || name[:3] != "Key" {
+				continue
+			}
+			lit, ok := value.Values[0].(*ast.BasicLit)
+			if !ok || lit.Kind != token.STRING {
+				continue
+			}
+			key, err := strconv.Unquote(lit.Value)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unquote %s: %v", name, err)
+			}
+			if !slices.Contains(allKeys, key) {
+				t.Errorf("%s (%q) is missing from allKeys, so the desktop loaders discard it as unknown", name, key)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/changedetector.go b/client/mdm/changedetector.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c21ae355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/changedetector.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package mdm
+
+import "sync"
+
+// ChangeDetector tracks the last observed policy of a Loader so an
+// OS-notification-driven caller can ask whether the managed configuration
+// actually changed before restarting anything.
+type ChangeDetector struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	loader *Loader
+	prev   *Policy
+}
+
+// NewChangeDetector constructs a ChangeDetector seeded with the loader's
+// current policy, so only a later change reports as changed.
+func NewChangeDetector(loader *Loader) *ChangeDetector {
+	return &ChangeDetector{
+		loader: loader,
+		prev:   loader.Load(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Changed re-reads the policy, logs the per-key diff, and reports whether it
+// diverged from the last observation; the new snapshot becomes the baseline.
+func (d *ChangeDetector) Changed() bool {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	curr := d.loader.Load()
+	if !policyChanged(d.prev, curr) {
+		return false
+	}
+	d.prev = curr
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/conflicts.go b/client/mdm/conflicts.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..160212afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/conflicts.go
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel is the redaction mask returned in place of a
+// real pre-shared key; an incoming value equal to it is a round-trip echo,
+// never an override.
+const PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel = "**********"
+
+// ConflictCheck is a value-aware comparison between a single requested field
+// and the corresponding MDM-enforced value.
+type ConflictCheck struct {
+	Key   string
+	Check func(*Policy) bool
+}
+
+// ConflictBool builds a ConflictCheck for a boolean MDM key.
+func ConflictBool(key string, p *bool) ConflictCheck {
+	return ConflictCheck{
+		Key: key,
+		Check: func(pol *Policy) bool {
+			if p == nil {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetBool(key)
+			return ok && want == *p
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// ConflictStringPtr builds a ConflictCheck for an optional string MDM key,
+// where an explicit empty value is still a request to change the setting. A
+// nil p means "field not set" (no override requested).
+func ConflictStringPtr(key string, p *string) ConflictCheck {
+	return ConflictCheck{
+		Key: key,
+		Check: func(pol *Policy) bool {
+			if p == nil {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetString(key)
+			return ok && want == *p
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// ConflictURL builds a ConflictCheck for a URL-typed MDM key. The two sides are
+// compared as the endpoints they address, not as strings: see
+// util.SameServiceURL.
+func ConflictURL(key, got string) ConflictCheck {
+	return ConflictCheck{
+		Key: key,
+		Check: func(pol *Policy) bool {
+			if got == "" {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetString(key)
+			return ok && util.SameServiceURLStrings(want, got)
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// ConflictInt64 builds a ConflictCheck for an integer MDM key.
+func ConflictInt64(key string, p *int64) ConflictCheck {
+	return ConflictCheck{
+		Key: key,
+		Check: func(pol *Policy) bool {
+			if p == nil {
+				return true
+			}
+			want, ok := pol.GetInt(key)
+			return ok && want == *p
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// ResolveConflicts returns the names of keys whose requested value diverges
+// from the policy-enforced value; keys the policy does not manage are skipped,
+// a managed key without a Check counts as a conflict.
+func ResolveConflicts(policy *Policy, checks []ConflictCheck) []string {
+	if policy.IsEmpty() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var conflicts []string
+	for _, c := range checks {
+		if !policy.HasKey(c.Key) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if c.Check == nil || !c.Check(policy) {
+			conflicts = append(conflicts, c.Key)
+		}
+	}
+	return conflicts
+}
+
+// CanonicalURL normalizes a service URL by appending the scheme default port
+// when none is present; unparseable input is returned unchanged.
+func CanonicalURL(s string) string {
+	u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return s
+	}
+	if u.Port() == "" {
+		switch u.Scheme {
+		case "https":
+			u.Host += ":443"
+		case "http":
+			u.Host += ":80"
+		}
+	}
+	return u.String()
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/conflicts_test.go b/client/mdm/conflicts_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d145ec103
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/conflicts_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// The same spellings, through the conflict check that decides whether a request
+// is refused. An enforced URL restated in another spelling addresses the very
+// server the policy names, so it must not be reported as a conflict.
+func TestConflictURLComparesEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := NewPolicy(map[string]any{KeyManagementURL: "https://mgmt.example.com"})
+	require.True(t, policy.HasKey(KeyManagementURL))
+
+	for _, restated := range []string{
+		"https://mgmt.example.com",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com:443",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com/",
+		"https://MGMT.example.com",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com:0443",
+	} {
+		conflicts := ResolveConflicts(policy, []ConflictCheck{ConflictURL(KeyManagementURL, restated)})
+		assert.Empty(t, conflicts, "%q is the enforced endpoint written differently", restated)
+	}
+
+	for _, diverging := range []string{
+		"https://other.example.com",
+		"http://mgmt.example.com",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com:8443",
+		"https://mgmt.example.com/other",
+	} {
+		conflicts := ResolveConflicts(policy, []ConflictCheck{ConflictURL(KeyManagementURL, diverging)})
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{KeyManagementURL}, conflicts, "%q addresses another endpoint", diverging)
+	}
+
+	// An unset field is not a request to change anything.
+	assert.Empty(t, ResolveConflicts(policy, []ConflictCheck{ConflictURL(KeyManagementURL, "")}))
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/jsonloader.go b/client/mdm/jsonloader.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7139b0e4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/jsonloader.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type jsonPolicyFetcher struct {
+	fetch func() string
+}
+
+// NewJSONLoader constructs a Loader whose policy source is a JSON-encoded
+// object string, as produced by the mobile native layers; a nil fetch
+// disables MDM enforcement.
+func NewJSONLoader(fetch func() string) *Loader {
+	if fetch == nil {
+		return NewLoader(nil)
+	}
+	return NewLoader(&jsonPolicyFetcher{fetch: fetch})
+}
+
+func (f *jsonPolicyFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any {
+	raw := f.fetch()
+	if raw == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var out map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(raw), &out); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("MDM mobile fetcher: invalid JSON payload from native: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/policy.go b/client/mdm/policy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..638fa0d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/policy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+// Package mdm reads MDM-managed configuration from platform-native sources
+// (plist on macOS, registry on Windows, UserDefaults on iOS,
+// RestrictionsManager on Android). The returned Policy is consumed by
+// profilemanager.Config.apply() as the highest-priority override layer.
+//
+// An empty Policy (no source present, or source present with zero keys)
+// means no MDM enforcement is active and the client behaves as if the
+// feature did not exist.
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// Well-known policy keys. Names mirror the corresponding ConfigInput Go field
+// names (lowerCamelCase) so the daemon can map a Policy key directly to a
+// configuration field.
+const (
+	KeyManagementURL         = "managementURL"
+	KeyDisableUpdateSettings = "disableUpdateSettings"
+	KeyDisableProfiles       = "disableProfiles"
+	KeyDisableNetworks       = "disableNetworks"
+	// KeyDisableAdvancedView gates the advanced-view section in the
+	// upcoming UI revision. UI-only: NOT stored on Config, not
+	// applied by applyMDMPolicy, not rejectable via SetConfig. The
+	// daemon surfaces it through GetFeatures (tristate: present
+	// true / present false / absent) and the same key appears in
+	// GetConfigResponse.mDMManagedFields when set.
+	KeyDisableAdvancedView      = "disableAdvancedView"
+	KeyDisableClientRoutes      = "disableClientRoutes"
+	KeyDisableServerRoutes      = "disableServerRoutes"
+	KeyBlockInbound             = "blockInbound"
+	KeyDisableMetricsCollection = "disableMetricsCollection"
+	KeyAllowServerSSH           = "allowServerSSH"
+	KeyDisableAutoConnect       = "disableAutoConnect"
+	// KeyDisableAutostart suppresses the GUI's fresh-install
+	// launch-on-login default and marks the Settings toggle as
+	// MDM-managed. UI-only: NOT stored on Config and not applied by
+	// applyMDMPolicy; the GUI reads it directly and it appears in
+	// GetConfigResponse.mDMManagedFields when set.
+	KeyDisableAutostart    = "disableAutostart"
+	KeyPreSharedKey        = "preSharedKey"
+	KeyRosenpassEnabled    = "rosenpassEnabled"
+	KeyRosenpassPermissive = "rosenpassPermissive"
+	KeyWireguardPort       = "wireguardPort"
+	KeyEnableLocalMetrics  = "enableLocalMetrics"
+	KeyLocalMetricsAddress = "localMetricsAddress"
+
+	// Split tunnel is modeled as a single conceptual policy with two
+	// registry/plist values. KeySplitTunnelMode is the discriminator
+	// ("allow" or "disallow"); KeySplitTunnelApps is a comma-separated
+	// list of package names. The values are mutually exclusive by
+	// construction — only one mode can be set at a time.
+	KeySplitTunnelMode = "splitTunnelMode"
+	KeySplitTunnelApps = "splitTunnelApps"
+
+	// KeyLazyConnection forces the lazy-connection feature on or off, overriding
+	// the management feature flag. Read as a bool (native bool, or on/off,
+	// true/false, 1/0, yes/no); absent = defer to management.
+	KeyLazyConnection = "lazyConnection"
+
+	// KeyRemoteJobsAllowed opts the peer into management-requested remote jobs
+	// (e.g. debug bundles). Read as a bool; absent = defer to the local config
+	// (which defaults to disabled). Stored on Config as RemoteJobsAllowed.
+	KeyRemoteJobsAllowed = "allowRemoteJobs"
+
+	// KeyBundleUploadURL overrides the debug-bundle upload service URL for
+	// remote jobs, taking precedence over the management-supplied value. Read
+	// as a string; must be an https URL with a host. Absent = defer to the
+	// management-supplied URL (or the default upload server).
+	KeyBundleUploadURL = "debugBundleUploadURL"
+)
+
+// Split-tunnel mode literals (KeySplitTunnelMode values).
+const (
+	SplitTunnelModeAllow    = "allow"
+	SplitTunnelModeDisallow = "disallow"
+)
+
+// SecretKeys lists keys whose values must be redacted in logs.
+var SecretKeys = map[string]struct{}{
+	KeyPreSharedKey: {},
+	// The upload URL can embed credentials or signed query tokens.
+	KeyBundleUploadURL: {},
+}
+
+// boolStringLiterals enumerates the textual boolean encodings the
+// platform loaders may produce (Windows REG_SZ "true", iOS / Android
+// managed-config booleans-as-strings, etc.). Lookup keeps GetBool flat
+// (no nested switch on the string case).
+var boolStringLiterals = map[string]bool{
+	"true":  true,
+	"1":     true,
+	"yes":   true,
+	"on":    true,
+	"false": false,
+	"0":     false,
+	"no":    false,
+	"off":   false,
+}
+
+// Policy holds MDM-managed settings read from the platform source. A nil or
+// empty Policy means no enforcement is active.
+type Policy struct {
+	values map[string]any
+}
+
+// NewPolicy constructs a Policy from a key→value map. Pass nil or an
+// empty map to construct an empty (no-enforcement) Policy. The returned
+// *Policy is always non-nil.
+func NewPolicy(values map[string]any) *Policy {
+	if values == nil {
+		values = map[string]any{}
+	}
+	return &Policy{values: values}
+}
+
+// PolicyFetcher supplies the managed configuration to a Loader. Mobile
+// platforms (Android / iOS) implement it to push the OS-managed values
+// into the Go runtime. On every platform a non-nil fetcher takes
+// precedence over the native source, which is the test seam for the
+// registry / plist loaders; a nil fetcher leaves the native source in
+// charge, or disables MDM enforcement where there is none.
+type PolicyFetcher interface {
+	Fetch() map[string]any
+}
+
+// Loader is the DI-friendly entry point for reading the active MDM
+// policy. Construct one at the daemon's lifecycle owner (Server on
+// desktop, gomobile-exposed bridge on mobile) and pass it to anything
+// that needs to read MDM state (the reload ticker, profilemanager's
+// Config). Each callsite has the Loader handed in instead of looking
+// up package-level state.
+type Loader struct {
+	fetcher PolicyFetcher
+}
+
+// NewLoader constructs a Loader. A non-nil fetcher takes precedence over
+// the platform-native source; production desktop callers pass nil so the
+// registry / plist stays authoritative.
+func NewLoader(f PolicyFetcher) *Loader {
+	return &Loader{fetcher: f}
+}
+
+// Load reads the platform-native MDM configuration and returns a
+// Policy. Returns an empty (but non-nil) Policy when no source is
+// present, the source is empty, or the platform is unsupported.
+//
+// Diagnostic logging differentiates the three states:
+//   - source absent / unsupported platform: trace log only
+//   - source present, zero keys:             info "MDM enrolled (no managed keys)"
+//   - source present, N keys:                info "MDM enrolled with N managed keys: [...]"
+func (l *Loader) Load() *Policy {
+	if l == nil {
+		return &Policy{values: map[string]any{}}
+	}
+	values, err := l.loadPlatform()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Tracef("MDM policy load: %v", err)
+		return &Policy{values: map[string]any{}}
+	}
+	if values == nil {
+		return &Policy{values: map[string]any{}}
+	}
+	if len(values) == 0 {
+		log.Info("MDM enrolled (no managed keys)")
+	} else {
+		log.Infof("MDM enrolled with %d managed key(s): %v", len(values), sortedKeys(values))
+	}
+	return &Policy{values: values}
+}
+
+// IsEmpty reports whether the Policy has no managed keys.
+func (p *Policy) IsEmpty() bool {
+	return p == nil || len(p.values) == 0
+}
+
+// HasKey reports whether the given key is MDM-managed.
+func (p *Policy) HasKey(key string) bool {
+	if p == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok := p.values[key]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// ManagedKeys returns the sorted list of managed key names. Returns an empty
+// slice (not nil) on an empty Policy.
+func (p *Policy) ManagedKeys() []string {
+	if p == nil {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	return sortedKeys(p.values)
+}
+
+// GetString returns the managed value for key coerced to string, and whether
+// the key was set. A non-string value returns ("", false).
+func (p *Policy) GetString(key string) (string, bool) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	v, ok := p.values[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	s, ok := v.(string)
+	if !ok || s == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return s, true
+}
+
+// GetBool returns the managed value for key coerced to bool, and whether the
+// key was set. Accepts native bool and string literals (true/false, 1/0,
+// yes/no, on/off), case-insensitively and trimmed of surrounding whitespace.
+func (p *Policy) GetBool(key string) (bool, bool) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	v, ok := p.values[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	switch t := v.(type) {
+	case bool:
+		return t, true
+	case string:
+		b, known := boolStringLiterals[strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(t))]
+		return b, known
+	case int:
+		return t != 0, true
+	case int64:
+		return t != 0, true
+	case float64:
+		return t != 0, true
+	}
+	return false, false
+}
+
+// GetInt returns the managed value for key as int64, and whether the key
+// was set. Accepts native int / int64 (as produced by the Windows registry
+// loader for REG_DWORD/REG_QWORD) and numeric strings (decimal).
+func (p *Policy) GetInt(key string) (int64, bool) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	v, ok := p.values[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	switch t := v.(type) {
+	case int64:
+		return t, true
+	case int:
+		return int64(t), true
+	case int32:
+		return int64(t), true
+	case uint64:
+		return int64(t), true
+	case float64:
+		return int64(t), true
+	case string:
+		if n, err := strconv.ParseInt(t, 10, 64); err == nil {
+			return n, true
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
+// GetStringSlice returns the managed value for key as []string, and whether
+// the key was set. Accepts []string, []any (of strings), and a single string
+// (treated as a one-element list).
+func (p *Policy) GetStringSlice(key string) ([]string, bool) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	v, ok := p.values[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	switch t := v.(type) {
+	case []string:
+		return append([]string(nil), t...), true
+	case []any:
+		out := make([]string, 0, len(t))
+		for _, item := range t {
+			s, ok := item.(string)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, false
+			}
+			out = append(out, s)
+		}
+		return out, true
+	case string:
+		return []string{t}, true
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// sortedKeys returns the keys of m as a deterministic, lexicographically
+// sorted slice. Used internally by Policy.ManagedKeys and Loader.Load's
+// diagnostic log line so callers see a stable key order across runs
+// regardless of Go's randomised map iteration.
+func sortedKeys(m map[string]any) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(m))
+	for k := range m {
+		out = append(out, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(out)
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/policy_darwin.go b/client/mdm/policy_darwin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4159f5b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/policy_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//go:build darwin && !ios
+
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"howett.net/plist"
+)
+
+// policyPlistPath is the well-known location where macOS writes the
+// device-level mandatory MDM payload for NetBird. The path is fixed by
+// Apple convention: when an MDM provider (Jamf / Kandji / Mosyle /
+// Intune for Mac / Workspace ONE) pushes a Configuration Profile that
+// contains a com.apple.ManagedClient.preferences payload targeting the
+// bundle id io.netbird.client, the OS materializes the payload here.
+//
+// Read-only — only the OS (root) is supposed to write this file. The
+// loader sanity-checks the file mode and refuses to honour a world-
+// writable plist, as a defense against tampered installs.
+const policyPlistPath = "/Library/Managed Preferences/io.netbird.client.plist"
+
+// loadPlatform reads the MDM-managed configuration from the macOS
+// managed-preferences plist at policyPlistPath, unless a fetcher was
+// injected, in which case its values are returned instead. Returns:
+//   - (nil, nil)  when the plist is absent (device not MDM-enrolled for
+//     NetBird, or admin has not yet pushed a payload)
+//   - (map, nil)  with N entries when N managed values are present
+//     (N may be 0 — empty plist still signals enrollment to the caller)
+//   - (nil, err)  on permission / parse / safety errors (including
+//     refusal to read a world-writable plist)
+//
+// Top-level plist keys are canonicalised case-insensitively to the
+// package's internal mdm.Key* names; unknown keys are logged and
+// skipped so a stray entry in the payload does not block startup.
+// Native plist value types map naturally onto the Policy accessor
+// expectations (GetString / GetBool / GetInt / GetStringSlice).
+func (l *Loader) loadPlatform() (map[string]any, error) {
+	// Honour the injected fetcher when present so tests (and any
+	// future non-macOS MDM channel) can short-circuit the plist read
+	// with a scripted policy.
+	if l != nil && l.fetcher != nil {
+		return l.fetcher.Fetch(), nil
+	}
+	f, err := os.Open(policyPlistPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			// Not enrolled for NetBird. Caller treats nil as
+			// "no MDM source present".
+			//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see Loader.Load.
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", policyPlistPath, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if closeErr := f.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("MDM close plist %s: %v", policyPlistPath, closeErr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	info, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stat %s: %w", policyPlistPath, err)
+	}
+	// World-writable plist => tampered install. Refuse rather than
+	// honour potentially attacker-controlled policy values.
+	if info.Mode().Perm()&0o002 != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refusing to read world-writable MDM source %s (mode %o)",
+			policyPlistPath, info.Mode().Perm())
+	}
+
+	raw := make(map[string]any)
+	if err := plist.NewDecoder(f).Decode(&raw); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode plist %s: %w", policyPlistPath, err)
+	}
+
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(raw))
+	for name, val := range raw {
+		// macOS / AppConfig conventions both use camelCase for managed
+		// preferences keys; canonicalize to the mdm.Key* form so a key
+		// written as "ManagementURL" (PascalCase, rare on macOS but
+		// possible if the admin reused an ADMX-style name) still
+		// resolves.
+		canonical, known := canonicalKey[strings.ToLower(name)]
+		if !known {
+			log.Warnf("MDM ignoring unknown plist key %s: %s", policyPlistPath, name)
+			continue
+		}
+		out[canonical] = val
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/policy_mobile.go b/client/mdm/policy_mobile.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e25a2bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/policy_mobile.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build ios || android
+
+package mdm
+
+// loadPlatform reads the OS-managed configuration via the native
+// PolicyFetcher injected at Loader construction. Returns
+// (nil, nil) — the platform-absent sentinel that Loader.Load treats as
+// "no MDM source present" — when no fetcher was provided.
+func (l *Loader) loadPlatform() (map[string]any, error) {
+	if l == nil || l.fetcher == nil {
+		//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see Loader.Load.
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return l.fetcher.Fetch(), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/policy_other.go b/client/mdm/policy_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d0b17cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/policy_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//go:build !windows && !darwin && !ios && !android
+
+package mdm
+
+// loadPlatform reads the MDM policy on platforms without a native MDM
+// channel (Linux, FreeBSD). When no fetcher was injected the policy is
+// (nil, nil) — the platform-absent sentinel that Loader.Load treats as
+// "MDM enforcement disabled". A non-nil fetcher takes precedence: it
+// is the test-seam used by unit tests to inject a scripted policy
+// without touching the OS, and the same hook supports any future
+// non-mobile OS that grows an out-of-band MDM channel.
+func (l *Loader) loadPlatform() (map[string]any, error) {
+	if l != nil && l.fetcher != nil {
+		return l.fetcher.Fetch(), nil
+	}
+	//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see Loader.Load.
+	return nil, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/policy_test.go b/client/mdm/policy_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea467f861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/policy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPolicy_NilSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	var p *Policy
+	assert.True(t, p.IsEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, p.HasKey(KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.Empty(t, p.ManagedKeys())
+
+	_, ok := p.GetString(KeyManagementURL)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+	_, ok = p.GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+	_, ok = p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPolicy(nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, p)
+	assert.True(t, p.IsEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, p.HasKey(KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.Empty(t, p.ManagedKeys())
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_HasKey(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		KeyManagementURL:   "https://corp.example.com",
+		KeyDisableProfiles: true,
+	})
+	assert.False(t, p.IsEmpty())
+	assert.True(t, p.HasKey(KeyManagementURL))
+	assert.True(t, p.HasKey(KeyDisableProfiles))
+	assert.False(t, p.HasKey(KeyPreSharedKey))
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_ManagedKeysSorted(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		KeyDisableProfiles: true,
+		KeyManagementURL:   "https://x",
+		KeyAllowServerSSH:  false,
+	})
+	got := p.ManagedKeys()
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{KeyAllowServerSSH, KeyDisableProfiles, KeyManagementURL}, got)
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_GetString(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		KeyManagementURL:   "https://corp.example.com",
+		KeyDisableProfiles: true, // wrong type for GetString
+		KeyPreSharedKey:    "",   // empty rejected
+	})
+	v, ok := p.GetString(KeyManagementURL)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://corp.example.com", v)
+
+	_, ok = p.GetString(KeyDisableProfiles)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "non-string value must not be reported as string")
+
+	_, ok = p.GetString(KeyPreSharedKey)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "empty string treated as unset")
+
+	_, ok = p.GetString("nonexistent")
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_GetBool(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		raw  any
+		want bool
+		ok   bool
+	}{
+		{"native true", true, true, true},
+		{"native false", false, false, true},
+		{"string true", "true", true, true},
+		{"string false", "false", false, true},
+		{"string 1", "1", true, true},
+		{"string 0", "0", false, true},
+		{"string yes", "yes", true, true},
+		{"string no", "no", false, true},
+		{"string on", "on", true, true},
+		{"string off", "off", false, true},
+		{"mixed case On", "On", true, true},
+		{"upper TRUE", "TRUE", true, true},
+		{"padded yes", "  yes  ", true, true},
+		{"int nonzero", 1, true, true},
+		{"int zero", 0, false, true},
+		{"int64 nonzero", int64(2), true, true},
+		{"int64 zero", int64(0), false, true},
+		{"string garbage", "maybe", false, false},
+		{"float nonzero", 1.0, true, true},
+		{"float zero", 0.0, false, true},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{KeyDisableProfiles: c.raw})
+			got, ok := p.GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles)
+			assert.Equal(t, c.ok, ok)
+			if c.ok {
+				assert.Equal(t, c.want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+	_, ok := NewPolicy(nil).GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles)
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
+
+func TestPolicy_GetStringSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("native string slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			KeySplitTunnelApps: []string{"com.a", "com.b"},
+		})
+		got, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"com.a", "com.b"}, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("any slice of strings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			KeySplitTunnelApps: []any{"com.a", "com.b"},
+		})
+		got, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"com.a", "com.b"}, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single string lifts to one-element slice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			KeySplitTunnelApps: "com.a",
+		})
+		got, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"com.a"}, got)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("mixed any slice rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+			KeySplitTunnelApps: []any{"com.a", 1},
+		})
+		_, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p := NewPolicy(nil)
+		_, ok := p.GetStringSlice(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+		assert.False(t, ok)
+	})
+}
+
+// encoding/json decodes every JSON number into float64, so the mobile
+// loaders never see int.
+func TestJSONLoader_BoolFromNumber(t *testing.T) {
+	p := NewJSONLoader(func() string { return `{"blockInbound":1,"disableProfiles":0}` }).Load()
+
+	got, ok := p.GetBool(KeyBlockInbound)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.True(t, got)
+
+	got, ok = p.GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+	assert.False(t, got)
+}
+
+func TestLoader_NilFetcherReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// Loader.Load with no fetcher (desktop construction) must degrade
+	// gracefully and never return nil; on linux loadPlatform is a stub
+	// returning (nil, nil), and Load is expected to translate that
+	// into a non-nil empty Policy.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" || runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		t.Skip("a nil fetcher reads the OS-managed policy on this platform")
+	}
+	p := NewLoader(nil).Load()
+	require.NotNil(t, p)
+	assert.True(t, p.IsEmpty())
+	assert.Empty(t, p.ManagedKeys())
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/policy_windows.go b/client/mdm/policy_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9363db436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/policy_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows/registry"
+)
+
+// policyRegistryPath is the well-known MDM policy registry key for NetBird.
+// Admins push values here through Group Policy, Intune ADMX ingestion, an
+// Intune custom Registry CSP profile, or `reg add` during MSI deployment.
+// Listed in the project's docs/mdm/netbird.admx schema.
+const policyRegistryPath = `Software\Policies\NetBird`
+
+// readRegistryValue reads a single value under policyRegistryPath and,
+// on success, stores the type-coerced result in out[canonical]. Type
+// coercion mirrors loadPlatformPolicy's documented mapping:
+//   - REG_SZ / REG_EXPAND_SZ -> string (REG_EXPAND_SZ is expanded by the API)
+//   - REG_DWORD / REG_QWORD  -> int64
+//   - REG_MULTI_SZ           -> []string
+//
+// Unsupported value types and per-value read failures are logged at
+// warn level and skipped — one malformed value must not block the
+// surrounding loop. Extracted from loadPlatformPolicy to keep that
+// function's cognitive complexity in check.
+func readRegistryValue(k registry.Key, name, canonical string, out map[string]any) {
+	_, valType, err := k.GetValue(name, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("MDM stat %s\\%s: %v", policyRegistryPath, name, err)
+		return
+	}
+	switch valType {
+	case registry.SZ, registry.EXPAND_SZ:
+		if v, _, err := k.GetStringValue(name); err == nil {
+			out[canonical] = v
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("MDM read string %s\\%s: %v", policyRegistryPath, name, err)
+		}
+	case registry.DWORD, registry.QWORD:
+		if v, _, err := k.GetIntegerValue(name); err == nil {
+			// uint64 from the registry API; Policy.GetBool / GetInt
+			// helpers consume int64, so narrow safely.
+			out[canonical] = int64(v)
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("MDM read int %s\\%s: %v", policyRegistryPath, name, err)
+		}
+	case registry.MULTI_SZ:
+		if v, _, err := k.GetStringsValue(name); err == nil {
+			out[canonical] = v
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("MDM read multi-string %s\\%s: %v", policyRegistryPath, name, err)
+		}
+	default:
+		log.Warnf("MDM ignoring unsupported registry value type %d at %s\\%s",
+			valType, policyRegistryPath, name)
+	}
+}
+
+// loadPlatform reads the MDM-managed configuration from the Windows
+// registry under HKLM\Software\Policies\NetBird, unless a fetcher was
+// injected, in which case its values are returned instead. Returns:
+//   - (nil, nil)  when the key is absent (device not MDM-enrolled for NetBird)
+//   - (map, nil)  with N entries when N managed values are set (N may be 0)
+//   - (nil, err)  on open / enumerate registry errors
+//
+// Per-value type coercion + skip-on-error is delegated to
+// readRegistryValue. Unknown value names are logged and skipped so a
+// malformed deployment does not block startup.
+func (l *Loader) loadPlatform() (map[string]any, error) {
+	// Honour the injected fetcher when present so tests (and any
+	// future non-Windows MDM channel) can short-circuit the registry
+	// read with a scripted policy.
+	if l != nil && l.fetcher != nil {
+		return l.fetcher.Fetch(), nil
+	}
+	k, err := registry.OpenKey(registry.LOCAL_MACHINE, policyRegistryPath, registry.QUERY_VALUE)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, registry.ErrNotExist) {
+			// Not enrolled. Caller treats nil as "no MDM source present".
+			//nolint:nilnil // (nil, nil) is the documented platform-absent sentinel; see Loader.Load.
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open %s: %w", policyRegistryPath, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if closeErr := k.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			log.Warnf("MDM close registry key %s: %v", policyRegistryPath, closeErr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	names, err := k.ReadValueNames(-1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("enumerate values of %s: %w", policyRegistryPath, err)
+	}
+
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(names))
+	for _, name := range names {
+		// Canonicalize the registry value name against the known MDM key
+		// set so Policy.HasKey lookups (which use the canonical names)
+		// succeed regardless of the casing used by the admin's ADMX or
+		// `reg add` command.
+		canonical, known := canonicalKey[strings.ToLower(name)]
+		if !known {
+			log.Warnf("MDM ignoring unknown registry value %s\\%s", policyRegistryPath, name)
+			continue
+		}
+		readRegistryValue(k, name, canonical, out)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/restrictions.go b/client/mdm/restrictions.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..200756b78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/restrictions.go
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package mdm
+
+import "encoding/json"
+
+// Fields carries the per-key MDM enforcement state for a UI: value-typed
+// fields hold the enforced value (nil pointer = not managed), boolean
+// fields report that the key is managed.
+type Fields struct {
+	ManagementURL            string `json:"managementURL"`
+	PreSharedKey             bool   `json:"preSharedKey"`
+	WireguardPort            bool   `json:"wireguardPort"`
+	RosenpassEnabled         bool   `json:"rosenpassEnabled"`
+	RosenpassPermissive      bool   `json:"rosenpassPermissive"`
+	DisableClientRoutes      bool   `json:"disableClientRoutes"`
+	DisableServerRoutes      bool   `json:"disableServerRoutes"`
+	AllowServerSSH           *bool  `json:"allowServerSSH"`
+	DisableAutoConnect       bool   `json:"disableAutoConnect"`
+	DisableAutostart         bool   `json:"disableAutostart"`
+	BlockInbound             bool   `json:"blockInbound"`
+	DisableMetricsCollection bool   `json:"disableMetricsCollection"`
+	SplitTunnelMode          bool   `json:"splitTunnelMode"`
+	SplitTunnelApps          bool   `json:"splitTunnelApps"`
+	RemoteJobsAllowed        bool   `json:"allowRemoteJobs"`
+	DisableAdvancedView      *bool  `json:"disableAdvancedView"`
+}
+
+// Features carries the feature gates a UI must honor.
+type Features struct {
+	DisableProfiles       bool `json:"disableProfiles"`
+	DisableNetworks       bool `json:"disableNetworks"`
+	DisableUpdateSettings bool `json:"disableUpdateSettings"`
+}
+
+// Restrictions is the UI-facing enforcement snapshot; the JSON shape is
+// shared by the desktop frontend and the mobile bridges.
+type Restrictions struct {
+	MDM      Fields   `json:"mdm"`
+	Features Features `json:"features"`
+}
+
+// BuildRestrictions derives the UI enforcement snapshot from the active
+// policy.
+func BuildRestrictions(policy *Policy) Restrictions {
+	var r Restrictions
+	if policy.IsEmpty() {
+		return r
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetString(KeyManagementURL); ok {
+		r.MDM.ManagementURL = CanonicalURL(v)
+	}
+	r.MDM.PreSharedKey = policy.HasKey(KeyPreSharedKey)
+	r.MDM.WireguardPort = policy.HasKey(KeyWireguardPort)
+	r.MDM.RosenpassEnabled = policy.HasKey(KeyRosenpassEnabled)
+	r.MDM.RosenpassPermissive = policy.HasKey(KeyRosenpassPermissive)
+	r.MDM.DisableClientRoutes = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableClientRoutes)
+	r.MDM.DisableServerRoutes = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableServerRoutes)
+	r.MDM.DisableAutoConnect = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableAutoConnect)
+	r.MDM.DisableAutostart = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableAutostart)
+	r.MDM.BlockInbound = policy.HasKey(KeyBlockInbound)
+	r.MDM.DisableMetricsCollection = policy.HasKey(KeyDisableMetricsCollection)
+	r.MDM.SplitTunnelMode = policy.HasKey(KeySplitTunnelMode)
+	r.MDM.SplitTunnelApps = policy.HasKey(KeySplitTunnelApps)
+	r.MDM.RemoteJobsAllowed = policy.HasKey(KeyRemoteJobsAllowed)
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyAllowServerSSH); ok {
+		r.MDM.AllowServerSSH = &v
+	}
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyDisableAdvancedView); ok {
+		r.MDM.DisableAdvancedView = &v
+	}
+
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyDisableProfiles); ok {
+		r.Features.DisableProfiles = v
+	}
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyDisableNetworks); ok {
+		r.Features.DisableNetworks = v
+	}
+	if v, ok := policy.GetBool(KeyDisableUpdateSettings); ok {
+		r.Features.DisableUpdateSettings = v
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// JSON renders the snapshot in the shared UI JSON shape.
+func (r Restrictions) JSON() (string, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/ticker.go b/client/mdm/ticker.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be8fdcce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/ticker.go
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// DefaultReloadInterval is the production cadence at which the desktop daemon
+// re-reads the OS-native MDM policy. Picked to balance responsiveness against
+// registry/plist I/O overhead. Mobile builds use OS-side notifications
+// instead, hence anticipating the ticker mechanism entirely.
+const DefaultReloadInterval = 1 * time.Minute
+
+// Ticker periodically re-reads the OS-native MDM policy via the
+// injected Loader and invokes the onChange callback (supplied to Run)
+// whenever the observed Policy diverges from the last observation
+// (added / removed / changed keys). Launch with Run from a goroutine;
+// cancel the supplied context to stop.
+type Ticker struct {
+	interval time.Duration
+	loader   *Loader
+	prev     *Policy
+}
+
+// NewTicker constructs a Ticker that will re-read the OS-native policy
+// every reloadInterval once Run is called. The Loader is injected so
+// the ticker doesn't depend on any package-level state — production
+// passes the daemon-owned Loader, tests pass a fake Loader (built with
+// a fake PolicyFetcher).
+//
+// The initial snapshot is populated by calling loader.Load() at
+// construction time so the first tick only fires
+// onChange when the policy actually changed since boot — without
+// this baseline the first tick would report every currently-managed
+// key as "added" and trigger a spurious engine restart.
+func NewTicker(reloadInterval time.Duration, loader *Loader) *Ticker {
+	return &Ticker{
+		interval: reloadInterval,
+		loader:   loader,
+		prev:     loader.Load(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Run blocks until ctx is cancelled, polling the OS-native policy store at
+// the configured cadence and emitting log lines + onChange callback on
+// every observed diff. onChange must be non-nil.
+func (t *Ticker) Run(ctx context.Context, onChange func(prev, curr *Policy) error) {
+	tk := time.NewTicker(t.interval)
+	defer tk.Stop()
+	log.Infof("MDM policy reload ticker started (interval=%s)", t.interval)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.Info("MDM policy reload ticker stopped")
+			return
+		case <-tk.C:
+			curr := t.loader.Load()
+			if !policyChanged(t.prev, curr) {
+				continue
+			}
+			prev := t.prev
+			if err := onChange(prev, curr); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("MDM policy change handler failed (retrying in 1 minute): %v", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			t.prev = curr
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// policiesEqual reports whether two Policy instances carry the same
+// managed key set with identical values. Nil and empty policies
+// compare equal; one-nil/one-non-empty compare not equal; otherwise
+// the underlying values maps are compared with reflect.DeepEqual.
+func policiesEqual(a, b *Policy) bool {
+	if a.IsEmpty() && b.IsEmpty() {
+		return true
+	}
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return reflect.DeepEqual(a.values, b.values)
+}
+
+// diffPolicies returns the keys added in curr, removed from prev, and
+// whose values changed between prev and curr. Each slice is sorted
+// lexicographically for stable log output; value differences are
+// determined with reflect.DeepEqual.
+func diffPolicies(prev, curr *Policy) (added, removed, changed []string) {
+	prevKVs := mapOf(prev)
+	currKVs := mapOf(curr)
+	for k := range currKVs {
+		if _, ok := prevKVs[k]; !ok {
+			added = append(added, k)
+		} else if !reflect.DeepEqual(prevKVs[k], currKVs[k]) {
+			changed = append(changed, k)
+		}
+	}
+	for k := range prevKVs {
+		if _, ok := currKVs[k]; !ok {
+			removed = append(removed, k)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(added)
+	sort.Strings(removed)
+	sort.Strings(changed)
+	return added, removed, changed
+}
+
+// mapOf returns a (possibly empty, never nil) copy of the underlying
+// values map of a Policy so callers outside this package can compare
+// keys/values across the type boundary. Returns an empty map on nil p.
+func mapOf(p *Policy) map[string]any {
+	if p == nil {
+		return map[string]any{}
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(p.values))
+	for k, v := range p.values {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func policyChanged(prev, curr *Policy) bool {
+	if policiesEqual(prev, curr) {
+		return false
+	}
+	added, removed, changed := diffPolicies(prev, curr)
+	log.Infof("MDM policy changed: added=%v removed=%v changed=%v", added, removed, changed)
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/client/mdm/ticker_test.go b/client/mdm/ticker_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29e48e728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mdm/ticker_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package mdm
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// testReloadInterval for speeding up the ticker cadence under `go test`
+const testReloadInterval = 1 * time.Second
+
+// fakePolicyFetcher implements PolicyFetcher returning a scripted
+// policy map. Goroutine-safe so the test can mutate the script while
+// the ticker is observing it.
+type fakePolicyFetcher struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	values map[string]any
+}
+
+func (f *fakePolicyFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	if f.values == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(f.values))
+	for k, v := range f.values {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (f *fakePolicyFetcher) set(values map[string]any) {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.values = values
+}
+
+func TestTicker_FiresOnChangeWithDelta(t *testing.T) {
+	fetcher := &fakePolicyFetcher{} // initial observation: empty (no enforcement)
+	loader := NewLoader(fetcher)
+
+	type change struct{ prev, curr *Policy }
+	changes := make(chan change, 1)
+	tk := NewTicker(testReloadInterval, loader)
+	require.Equal(t, testReloadInterval, tk.interval)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		tk.Run(ctx, func(prev, curr *Policy) error {
+			select {
+			case changes <- change{prev, curr}:
+			default:
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	// Stop Run and wait for it to exit before returning, so the test
+	// goroutine doesn't race the still-running ticker.
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-done }()
+
+	// Flip the OS-observed policy from empty to one managed key. The
+	// next tick must detect the diff and invoke onChange.
+	fetcher.set(map[string]any{KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443"})
+
+	select {
+	case c := <-changes:
+		assert.True(t, c.prev.IsEmpty(), "prev should be the initial empty policy")
+		assert.True(t, c.curr.HasKey(KeyManagementURL), "curr should carry the newly-pushed managed key")
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("onChange not invoked within 5s; ticker should fire every 1s under test")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTicker_NoCallbackWhenPolicyUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
+	fetcher := &fakePolicyFetcher{values: map[string]any{KeyBlockInbound: true}}
+	loader := NewLoader(fetcher)
+
+	fired := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	tk := NewTicker(testReloadInterval, loader)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		tk.Run(ctx, func(_, _ *Policy) error {
+			select {
+			case fired <- struct{}{}:
+			default:
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-done }()
+
+	// Over ~2 ticks at the 1s test cadence the policy never changes,
+	// so the diff guard must suppress the callback entirely.
+	select {
+	case <-fired:
+		t.Fatal("onChange fired despite an unchanged policy")
+	case <-time.After(2500 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/mobile/profile_manager.go b/client/mobile/profile_manager.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..348b7253b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mobile/profile_manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+// Package mobile holds the profile manager implementation shared by the
+// Android and iOS gomobile bindings. The platform packages (client/android,
+// client/ios/NetBirdSDK) only adapt this API to gomobile-friendly types.
+package mobile
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Config filename of the default profile, stored at the configDir root.
+	// Both platforms use netbird.cfg (matching the desktop netbird.cfg rather
+	// than default.json); the app-side path constants must match.
+	defaultConfigFilename = "netbird.cfg"
+	// Subdirectory of configDir holding non-default profiles.
+	profilesSubdir = "profiles"
+)
+
+// ErrProfilesDisabled marks a profile mutation rejected by MDM policy.
+var ErrProfilesDisabled = errors.New("profile management is disabled by MDM policy")
+
+/*
+
+<configDir>/                                    ← app-writable config root
+├── netbird.cfg                                 ← Default profile config
+├── netbird.account.json                        ← Default profile account email (see profile_state.go)
+├── state.json                                  ← Default profile state
+├── active_profile.json                         ← Active profile tracker (JSON with ID + Username)
+└── profiles/                                   ← Subdirectory for non-default profiles
+    ├── 4c5f5c8198c3989cffb5b5394f5a7ae0.json              ← Profile config (filename = ID)
+    ├── 4c5f5c8198c3989cffb5b5394f5a7ae0.state.json        ← Profile state
+    ├── 4c5f5c8198c3989cffb5b5394f5a7ae0.account.json      ← Profile account email
+    └── 4c5f5c8198c3989cffb5b5394f5a7ae0.prefs.json        ← Profile preferences
+*/
+
+// Profile is the platform-independent profile view handed to the bindings.
+type Profile struct {
+	ID   string
+	Name string
+	// Email is the account this profile last logged in with, "" if it never
+	// completed an SSO login. Kept across logouts; cleared when the profile is
+	// removed. See profile_state.go.
+	Email    string
+	IsActive bool
+}
+
+// ProfileManager manages profiles for the mobile platforms. It wraps the
+// internal profilemanager.ServiceManager with mobile-specific path handling.
+// All profile identity is ID-based; the human-readable name lives inside the
+// profile config's Name field.
+type ProfileManager struct {
+	configDir  string
+	username   string
+	serviceMgr *profilemanager.ServiceManager
+	mdmLoader  *mdm.Loader
+}
+
+// NewProfileManager creates a profile manager rooted at configDir, the
+// app-writable directory that every process of the app can reach. username is
+// the platform's fixed single-user context (a non-empty username is required
+// by ServiceManager for non-default profiles).
+func NewProfileManager(configDir, username string) *ProfileManager {
+	// The default profile is stored in the root configDir, not under profiles/.
+	defaultConfigPath := filepath.Join(configDir, defaultConfigFilename)
+
+	// Point the package globals at the app-provided directory, overriding the
+	// desktop defaults set in profilemanager's init().
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = configDir
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = defaultConfigPath
+	profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = filepath.Join(configDir, "active_profile.json")
+
+	// Non-default profiles live in the profiles/ subdirectory. Passing it
+	// explicitly avoids touching the global config-dir override.
+	profilesDir := filepath.Join(configDir, profilesSubdir)
+	serviceMgr := profilemanager.NewServiceManagerWithProfilesDir(defaultConfigPath, profilesDir)
+
+	return &ProfileManager{
+		configDir:  configDir,
+		username:   username,
+		serviceMgr: serviceMgr,
+	}
+}
+
+// ListProfiles returns all available profiles, including the default profile,
+// with their active status set.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) ListProfiles() ([]Profile, error) {
+	internalProfiles, err := pm.serviceMgr.ListProfiles(pm.username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list profiles: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	profiles := make([]Profile, 0, len(internalProfiles))
+	for _, p := range internalProfiles {
+		profiles = append(profiles, Profile{
+			ID:       p.ID.String(),
+			Name:     p.Name,
+			Email:    pm.profileEmail(p.ID.String()),
+			IsActive: p.IsActive,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return profiles, nil
+}
+
+// GetActiveProfile returns the currently active profile, resolving its ID to
+// the full profile so callers get the real display name.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveProfile() (*Profile, error) {
+	activeState, err := pm.serviceMgr.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	prof, err := pm.serviceMgr.ResolveProfile(activeState.ID.String(), pm.username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve active profile %q: %w", activeState.ID, err)
+	}
+	return &Profile{
+		ID:       prof.ID.String(),
+		Name:     prof.Name,
+		Email:    pm.profileEmail(prof.ID.String()),
+		IsActive: true,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// SwitchProfile records the given profile ID as the active profile. The caller
+// must stop the VPN tunnel before switching.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SwitchProfile(id string) error {
+	if err := pm.checkProfilesAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := pm.serviceMgr.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
+		ID:       profilemanager.ID(id),
+		Username: pm.username,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("switch profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("switched to profile: %s", id)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AddProfile creates a new profile with the given display name and a
+// generated ID. It returns the created profile so the caller learns the ID.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) AddProfile(displayName string) (*Profile, error) {
+	if err := pm.checkProfilesAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	profile, err := pm.serviceMgr.AddProfile(displayName, pm.username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("add profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("created new profile: %s", profile.ID)
+	return &Profile{ID: profile.ID.String(), Name: profile.Name, IsActive: false}, nil
+}
+
+// RenameProfile changes the display name of the profile identified by id. The
+// on-disk filename (the ID) is left unchanged.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) RenameProfile(id string, newName string) error {
+	if err := pm.checkProfilesAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := pm.serviceMgr.RenameProfile(profilemanager.ID(id), pm.username, newName); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rename profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("renamed profile %s to %q", id, newName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// LogoutProfile clears authentication data for a profile by removing its
+// private key and SSH key from the config, forcing a re-login. The management
+// URL and other settings are preserved.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) LogoutProfile(id string) error {
+	if err := pm.checkProfileLogoutAllowed(id); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	configPath, err := pm.getProfileConfigPath(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(configPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("profile %q does not exist", id)
+	}
+
+	config, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("read profile config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	config.PrivateKey = ""
+	config.SSHKey = ""
+
+	if err := profilemanager.WriteOutConfig(configPath, config); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("save config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// The stored account email is kept on purpose, matching the desktop and CLI
+	// logout semantics: the next login passes it as the login_hint so the IdP
+	// preselects the account. Removing the profile is what deletes it.
+	log.Infof("logged out from profile: %s", id)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveProfile deletes a profile. The default profile and the active profile
+// cannot be removed.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) RemoveProfile(id string) error {
+	if err := pm.checkProfilesAllowed(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	configPath, err := pm.getProfileConfigPath(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := pm.serviceMgr.RemoveProfile(profilemanager.ID(id), pm.username); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// The account file is this package's, not the ServiceManager's, so it must
+	// go here. The default profile has a fixed filename, so a recreated one
+	// would otherwise inherit the deleted profile's email as its login_hint.
+	// Not fatal: the profile itself is gone.
+	if err := removeProfileEmail(configPath); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to remove stored account email for profile %s: %v", id, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("removed profile: %s", id)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ProfilePrefs returns the namespaced per-profile preference store of the
+// profile identified by id.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) ProfilePrefs(id string) (*profilemanager.Prefs, error) {
+	prefs, err := pm.serviceMgr.ProfilePrefs(profilemanager.ID(id), pm.username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve profile prefs: %w", err)
+	}
+	return prefs, nil
+}
+
+// GetConfigPath returns the config file path for the given profile ID. The
+// platform code should call this instead of constructing paths itself.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetConfigPath(id string) (string, error) {
+	return pm.getProfileConfigPath(id)
+}
+
+// GetStateFilePath returns the state file path for the given profile ID.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetStateFilePath(id string) (string, error) {
+	if id == "" || id == profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
+		return filepath.Join(pm.configDir, "state.json"), nil
+	}
+
+	if !profilemanager.IsValidProfileFilenameStem(profilemanager.ID(id)) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("id %q is not valid", id)
+	}
+
+	profilesDir := filepath.Join(pm.configDir, profilesSubdir)
+	return filepath.Join(profilesDir, id+".state.json"), nil
+}
+
+// GetActiveConfigPath returns the config file path for the currently active
+// profile.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveConfigPath() (string, error) {
+	activeProfile, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	return pm.GetConfigPath(activeProfile.ID)
+}
+
+// GetActiveStateFilePath returns the state file path for the currently active
+// profile.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) GetActiveStateFilePath() (string, error) {
+	activeProfile, err := pm.GetActiveProfile()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	return pm.GetStateFilePath(activeProfile.ID)
+}
+
+// SetMDMLoader registers the MDM policy source consulted before profile
+// mutations; a nil loader disables enforcement.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) SetMDMLoader(loader *mdm.Loader) {
+	pm.mdmLoader = loader
+}
+
+func (pm *ProfileManager) checkProfilesAllowed() error {
+	if v, ok := pm.mdmLoader.Load().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableProfiles); ok && v {
+		return ErrProfilesDisabled
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (pm *ProfileManager) checkProfileLogoutAllowed(id string) error {
+	active, err := pm.serviceMgr.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err == nil && active.ID.String() == id {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return pm.checkProfilesAllowed()
+}
+
+// profileEmail returns the account email recorded for a profile. Display-only,
+// so an unresolvable path degrades to "" rather than an error.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) profileEmail(id string) string {
+	configPath, err := pm.getProfileConfigPath(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return ReadProfileEmail(configPath)
+}
+
+// getProfileConfigPath returns the config file path for a profile ID. The
+// default profile uses netbird.cfg in the root configDir; other profiles use
+// <id>.json in the profiles/ subdirectory.
+func (pm *ProfileManager) getProfileConfigPath(id string) (string, error) {
+	if !profilemanager.IsValidProfileFilenameStem(profilemanager.ID(id)) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("id %q is not valid", id)
+	}
+
+	if id == profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
+		return filepath.Join(pm.configDir, defaultConfigFilename), nil
+	}
+
+	profilesDir := filepath.Join(pm.configDir, profilesSubdir)
+	return filepath.Join(profilesDir, id+".json"), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/mobile/profile_manager_mdm_test.go b/client/mobile/profile_manager_mdm_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..305becac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mobile/profile_manager_mdm_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package mobile
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+type fakeFetcher struct{ values map[string]any }
+
+func (f *fakeFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any { return f.values }
+
+func newTestProfileManager(t *testing.T) *ProfileManager {
+	t.Helper()
+	origDir := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir
+	origPath := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
+	origActive := profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = origDir
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = origPath
+		profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = origActive
+	})
+
+	configDir := t.TempDir()
+	pm := NewProfileManager(configDir, "mobile")
+	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath: filepath.Join(configDir, defaultConfigFilename),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return pm
+}
+
+func privateKeyOf(t *testing.T, pm *ProfileManager, id string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	path, err := pm.getProfileConfigPath(id)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var cfg struct{ PrivateKey string }
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &cfg))
+	return cfg.PrivateKey
+}
+
+func TestLogoutProfile_DisableProfiles(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := newTestProfileManager(t)
+	other, err := pm.AddProfile("work")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, pm.SwitchProfile(profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+	require.NotEmpty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+	require.NotEmpty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, other.ID))
+
+	pm.SetMDMLoader(mdm.NewLoader(&fakeFetcher{values: map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyDisableProfiles: true,
+	}}))
+
+	err = pm.LogoutProfile(other.ID)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrProfilesDisabled)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, other.ID))
+
+	require.NoError(t, pm.LogoutProfile(profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+	assert.Empty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+}
+
+func TestLogoutProfile_ProfilesAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := newTestProfileManager(t)
+	other, err := pm.AddProfile("work")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, pm.SwitchProfile(profilemanager.DefaultProfileName))
+
+	pm.SetMDMLoader(mdm.NewLoader(&fakeFetcher{values: map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyDisableProfiles: false,
+	}}))
+
+	require.NoError(t, pm.LogoutProfile(other.ID))
+	assert.Empty(t, privateKeyOf(t, pm, other.ID))
+}
diff --git a/client/mobile/profile_state.go b/client/mobile/profile_state.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad05801f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mobile/profile_state.go
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package mobile
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+const (
+	// profileAccountSuffix names the file holding the profile's account email.
+	// Deliberately not ".state.json", which desktop uses for the same data:
+	// there the email and the engine's state manager live in different
+	// directories, but on mobile both resolve under configDir, so sharing the
+	// name would have the two overwrite each other — the state manager rewrites
+	// the whole file from its own keys (see statemanager.Manager.PersistState),
+	// and this package's writer does the same in reverse.
+	profileAccountSuffix = ".account.json"
+)
+
+// profileAccountPathFor derives the account file path from a profile's config
+// path: netbird.cfg -> netbird.account.json, <id>.json -> <id>.account.json.
+//
+// Deriving from the config path rather than resolving the active profile keeps
+// the write on the profile the login actually ran for: login flows run in a
+// goroutine, so the active profile can change under a flow already in flight.
+func profileAccountPathFor(configPath string) (string, error) {
+	if configPath == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("empty config path")
+	}
+
+	base := filepath.Base(configPath)
+	stem := strings.TrimSuffix(base, filepath.Ext(base))
+	if stem == "" || stem == "." {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("config path %q has no filename stem", configPath)
+	}
+
+	return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(configPath), stem+profileAccountSuffix), nil
+}
+
+// ReadProfileEmail returns the account email stored for the profile whose
+// config lives at configPath. A missing or unreadable file yields "", which
+// leaves the account choice to the IdP.
+func ReadProfileEmail(configPath string) string {
+	accountPath, err := profileAccountPathFor(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("no profile account path for login hint: %v", err)
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var state profilemanager.ProfileState
+	if _, err := util.ReadJson(accountPath, &state); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			log.Debugf("failed to read profile account for login hint: %v", err)
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return state.Email
+}
+
+// WriteProfileEmail records the account email for the profile whose config
+// lives at configPath, so later logins can pass it as an OIDC login_hint. An
+// empty email is ignored rather than blanking what is already stored.
+func WriteProfileEmail(configPath string, email string) error {
+	if email == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	accountPath, err := profileAccountPathFor(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolve profile account path: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// DirectWriteJson, not the atomic writers: those create a temp file and
+	// rename it over the target, which the tvOS App Group sandbox blocks. It is
+	// the same reason the config next to this file goes through
+	// DirectWriteOutConfig. The file is rewritten whole from one key, so losing
+	// atomicity costs nothing beyond a torn write on a crash mid-write, which
+	// reads back as "no email" and is recovered by the next login.
+	state := profilemanager.ProfileState{Email: email}
+	if err := util.DirectWriteJson(context.Background(), accountPath, state); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write profile account: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// removeProfileEmail drops the stored account email. Called on profile removal,
+// not on logout: a logged-out profile keeps its email so the next login passes
+// it as the login_hint, matching the desktop and CLI semantics. Mirrors the
+// desktop UI's RemoveProfileState call.
+func removeProfileEmail(configPath string) error {
+	accountPath, err := profileAccountPathFor(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolve profile account path: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Remove(accountPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("remove profile account: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/mobile/profile_state_test.go b/client/mobile/profile_state_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99cba15de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/mobile/profile_state_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+package mobile
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestProfileAccountPathFor(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		configPath string
+		want       string
+		wantErr    bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "default profile",
+			configPath: "/data/netbird/files/netbird.cfg",
+			want:       filepath.FromSlash("/data/netbird/files/netbird.account.json"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "id profile",
+			configPath: "/data/netbird/files/profiles/4c5f5c8198c3989cffb5b5394f5a7ae0.json",
+			want:       filepath.FromSlash("/data/netbird/files/profiles/4c5f5c8198c3989cffb5b5394f5a7ae0.account.json"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "legacy name-keyed profile is handled the same way",
+			configPath: "/data/netbird/files/profiles/work.json",
+			want:       filepath.FromSlash("/data/netbird/files/profiles/work.account.json"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "empty path is rejected",
+			configPath: "",
+			wantErr:    true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := profileAccountPathFor(tt.configPath)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("expected an error, got path %q", got)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+			}
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProfileAccountPathForDefaultDoesNotCollide(t *testing.T) {
+	root := "/data/netbird/files"
+
+	defaultAccount, err := profileAccountPathFor(filepath.Join(root, defaultConfigFilename))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("default profile: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	idAccount, err := profileAccountPathFor(filepath.Join(root, profilesSubdir, "abc123.json"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("id profile: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if defaultAccount == idAccount {
+		t.Fatalf("default and id profile share an account file: %q", defaultAccount)
+	}
+}
+
+// The account file must never land on the engine state file: on mobile both
+// resolve under configDir, and the state manager rewrites the whole file from
+// its own keys, so sharing a path would have the two overwrite each other. The
+// expected names here mirror ProfileManager.GetStateFilePath.
+func TestProfileAccountPathAvoidsEngineStateFile(t *testing.T) {
+	root := "/data/netbird/files"
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		configPath  string
+		engineState string
+	}{
+		{
+			configPath:  filepath.Join(root, defaultConfigFilename),
+			engineState: filepath.Join(root, "state.json"),
+		},
+		{
+			configPath:  filepath.Join(root, profilesSubdir, "abc123.json"),
+			engineState: filepath.Join(root, profilesSubdir, "abc123.state.json"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		account, err := profileAccountPathFor(c.configPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: %v", c.configPath, err)
+		}
+		if account == c.engineState {
+			t.Errorf("account file collides with the engine state file: %q", account)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteThenReadProfileEmail(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "profiles", "abc123.json")
+	if err := ensureDirFor(t, configPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("prepare dir: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := ReadProfileEmail(configPath); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected no email before a login, got %q", got)
+	}
+
+	const email = "user@example.com"
+	if err := WriteProfileEmail(configPath, email); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := ReadProfileEmail(configPath); got != email {
+		t.Errorf("got %q, want %q", got, email)
+	}
+
+	if err := removeProfileEmail(configPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("remove: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := ReadProfileEmail(configPath); got != "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected no email after removal, got %q", got)
+	}
+
+	// Removal may run on a never-logged-in profile, so a second remove must pass.
+	if err := removeProfileEmail(configPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("second remove should be a no-op: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteProfileEmailIgnoresEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	configPath := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "profiles", "abc123.json")
+	if err := ensureDirFor(t, configPath); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("prepare dir: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	const email = "user@example.com"
+	if err := WriteProfileEmail(configPath, email); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := WriteProfileEmail(configPath, ""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write empty: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := ReadProfileEmail(configPath); got != email {
+		t.Errorf("empty write clobbered the stored email: got %q, want %q", got, email)
+	}
+}
+
+func ensureDirFor(t *testing.T, path string) error {
+	t.Helper()
+	return os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o700)
+}
diff --git a/client/net/fwmark.go b/client/net/fwmark.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b526feee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/net/fwmark.go
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package net
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	// envFwmarkBase overrides the base of the fwmark range. Container network
+	// plugins, CNIs and other VPNs claim bits of the mark space for themselves,
+	// and a rule of theirs matching one of our bits acts on our traffic, so
+	// hosts running such software may need to move the range out of the way.
+	envFwmarkBase = "NB_FWMARK_BASE"
+
+	// defaultFwmarkBase is the base of the fwmark range used when the
+	// environment does not override it.
+	defaultFwmarkBase uint32 = 0x1BD00
+
+	// fwmarkOffsetMask is the part of a mark that identifies the individual mark
+	// within the range, so the base occupies everything above it.
+	fwmarkOffsetMask uint32 = 0xFF
+)
+
+// Offsets of the individual marks within the range.
+const (
+	offsetControlPlane     uint32 = 0x00
+	offsetDataPlaneIn      uint32 = 0x10
+	offsetDataPlaneOut     uint32 = 0x11
+	offsetRedirected       uint32 = 0x20
+	offsetMasquerade       uint32 = 0x21
+	offsetMasqueradeReturn uint32 = 0x22
+	offsetDataPlaneLower   uint32 = 0x10
+	offsetDataPlaneUpper   uint32 = fwmarkOffsetMask
+)
+
+var (
+	fwmarkBase = loadFwmarkBase()
+
+	// ControlPlaneMark is the fwmark value used to mark packets that should not be routed through the NetBird interface to
+	// avoid routing loops.
+	// This includes all control plane traffic (mgmt, signal, flows), relay, ICE/stun/turn and everything that is emitted by the wireguard socket.
+	// It doesn't collide with the other marks, as the others are used for data plane traffic only.
+	ControlPlaneMark = fwmarkBase | offsetControlPlane
+
+	// DataPlaneMarkLower is the lowest value for the data plane range
+	DataPlaneMarkLower = fwmarkBase | offsetDataPlaneLower
+	// DataPlaneMarkUpper is the highest value for the data plane range
+	DataPlaneMarkUpper = fwmarkBase | offsetDataPlaneUpper
+
+	// DataPlaneMarkIn is the mark for inbound data plane traffic.
+	DataPlaneMarkIn = fwmarkBase | offsetDataPlaneIn
+
+	// DataPlaneMarkOut is the mark for outbound data plane traffic.
+	DataPlaneMarkOut = fwmarkBase | offsetDataPlaneOut
+
+	// PreroutingFwmarkRedirected is applied to packets that were redirected (input -> forward, e.g. by Docker or Podman) for special handling.
+	PreroutingFwmarkRedirected = fwmarkBase | offsetRedirected
+
+	// PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade is applied to packets that arrive from the NetBird interface and should be masqueraded.
+	PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade = fwmarkBase | offsetMasquerade
+
+	// PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn is applied to packets that will leave through the NetBird interface and should be masqueraded.
+	PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn = fwmarkBase | offsetMasqueradeReturn
+)
+
+// IsDataPlaneMark determines if a fwmark is in the data plane range.
+func IsDataPlaneMark(fwmark uint32) bool {
+	return fwmark >= DataPlaneMarkLower && fwmark <= DataPlaneMarkUpper
+}
+
+func loadFwmarkBase() uint32 {
+	val := os.Getenv(envFwmarkBase)
+	if val == "" {
+		return defaultFwmarkBase
+	}
+
+	base, err := parseFwmarkBase(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to parse %s=%q, using the default range: %v", envFwmarkBase, val, err)
+		return defaultFwmarkBase
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("using fwmark range %#x-%#x from %s", base, base|fwmarkOffsetMask, envFwmarkBase)
+	return base
+}
+
+// parseFwmarkBase reads a mark range base. The low byte of a mark identifies the
+// individual mark within the range, so a base has to leave it free.
+func parseFwmarkBase(val string) (uint32, error) {
+	val = strings.TrimSpace(val)
+
+	base, err := strconv.ParseUint(val, 0, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("not a 32 bit number: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if base == 0 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("base must not be zero")
+	}
+
+	if uint32(base)&fwmarkOffsetMask != 0 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("base %#x must leave the low byte free", base)
+	}
+
+	return uint32(base), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/net/fwmark_test.go b/client/net/fwmark_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dbebec2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/net/fwmark_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package net
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseFwmarkBase(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		val     string
+		want    uint32
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "hex", val: "0x5A000", want: 0x5A000},
+		{name: "hex upper case", val: "0X5A000", want: 0x5A000},
+		{name: "decimal", val: "65536", want: 65536},
+		{name: "octal", val: "0o400", want: 0o400},
+		{name: "surrounding space", val: "  0x5A000 ", want: 0x5A000},
+		{name: "highest usable base", val: "0xFFFFFF00", want: 0xFFFFFF00},
+		{name: "low byte in use", val: "0x1BD01", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "zero", val: "0", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "not a number", val: "wireguard", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "wider than 32 bit", val: "0x1FFFFFFFF", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "negative", val: "-0x100", wantErr: true},
+		{name: "empty", val: "", wantErr: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := parseFwmarkBase(tc.val)
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("parseFwmarkBase(%q) = %#x, want an error", tc.val, got)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("parseFwmarkBase(%q): %v", tc.val, err)
+			}
+			if got != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("parseFwmarkBase(%q) = %#x, want %#x", tc.val, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// The marks have to stay inside the range the base defines, otherwise a host
+// that moved the range to dodge a collision would still emit the old values.
+func TestMarksStayWithinTheRange(t *testing.T) {
+	lower, upper := fwmarkBase, fwmarkBase|fwmarkOffsetMask
+
+	marks := map[string]uint32{
+		"ControlPlaneMark":                 ControlPlaneMark,
+		"DataPlaneMarkLower":               DataPlaneMarkLower,
+		"DataPlaneMarkUpper":               DataPlaneMarkUpper,
+		"DataPlaneMarkIn":                  DataPlaneMarkIn,
+		"DataPlaneMarkOut":                 DataPlaneMarkOut,
+		"PreroutingFwmarkRedirected":       PreroutingFwmarkRedirected,
+		"PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade":       PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade,
+		"PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn": PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn,
+	}
+
+	for name, mark := range marks {
+		if mark < lower || mark > upper {
+			t.Errorf("%s = %#x, outside the range %#x-%#x", name, mark, lower, upper)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// the control plane mark must stay out of the data plane range, the netflow
+	// conntrack path tells them apart by it
+	if IsDataPlaneMark(ControlPlaneMark) {
+		t.Errorf("ControlPlaneMark %#x is inside the data plane range", ControlPlaneMark)
+	}
+	for name, mark := range map[string]uint32{
+		"DataPlaneMarkIn":                  DataPlaneMarkIn,
+		"DataPlaneMarkOut":                 DataPlaneMarkOut,
+		"PreroutingFwmarkRedirected":       PreroutingFwmarkRedirected,
+		"PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade":       PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade,
+		"PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn": PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn,
+	} {
+		if !IsDataPlaneMark(mark) {
+			t.Errorf("%s = %#x is outside the data plane range %#x-%#x", name, mark, DataPlaneMarkLower, DataPlaneMarkUpper)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultMarksAreUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]struct {
+		got  uint32
+		want uint32
+	}{
+		"ControlPlaneMark":                 {ControlPlaneMark, 0x1BD00},
+		"DataPlaneMarkLower":               {DataPlaneMarkLower, 0x1BD10},
+		"DataPlaneMarkUpper":               {DataPlaneMarkUpper, 0x1BDFF},
+		"DataPlaneMarkIn":                  {DataPlaneMarkIn, 0x1BD10},
+		"DataPlaneMarkOut":                 {DataPlaneMarkOut, 0x1BD11},
+		"PreroutingFwmarkRedirected":       {PreroutingFwmarkRedirected, 0x1BD20},
+		"PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade":       {PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade, 0x1BD21},
+		"PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn": {PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn, 0x1BD22},
+	}
+
+	if fwmarkBase != defaultFwmarkBase {
+		t.Skipf("%s is set, the defaults do not apply", envFwmarkBase)
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range tests {
+		if tc.got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("%s = %#x, want %#x", name, tc.got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/net/net.go b/client/net/net.go
index a97de9d59..77fba36d1 100644
--- a/client/net/net.go
+++ b/client/net/net.go
@@ -7,41 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 )
 
-const (
-	// ControlPlaneMark is the fwmark value used to mark packets that should not be routed through the NetBird interface to
-	// avoid routing loops.
-	// This includes all control plane traffic (mgmt, signal, flows), relay, ICE/stun/turn and everything that is emitted by the wireguard socket.
-	// It doesn't collide with the other marks, as the others are used for data plane traffic only.
-	ControlPlaneMark = 0x1BD00
-
-	// Data plane marks (0x1BD10 - 0x1BDFF)
-
-	// DataPlaneMarkLower is the lowest value for the data plane range
-	DataPlaneMarkLower = 0x1BD10
-	// DataPlaneMarkUpper is the highest value for the data plane range
-	DataPlaneMarkUpper = 0x1BDFF
-
-	// DataPlaneMarkIn is the mark for inbound data plane traffic.
-	DataPlaneMarkIn = 0x1BD10
-
-	// DataPlaneMarkOut is the mark for outbound data plane traffic.
-	DataPlaneMarkOut = 0x1BD11
-
-	// PreroutingFwmarkRedirected is applied to packets that are were redirected (input -> forward, e.g. by Docker or Podman) for special handling.
-	PreroutingFwmarkRedirected = 0x1BD20
-
-	// PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade is applied to packets that arrive from the NetBird interface and should be masqueraded.
-	PreroutingFwmarkMasquerade = 0x1BD21
-
-	// PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn is applied to packets that will leave through the NetBird interface and should be masqueraded.
-	PreroutingFwmarkMasqueradeReturn = 0x1BD22
-)
-
-// IsDataPlaneMark determines if a fwmark is in the data plane range (0x1BD10-0x1BDFF)
-func IsDataPlaneMark(fwmark uint32) bool {
-	return fwmark >= DataPlaneMarkLower && fwmark <= DataPlaneMarkUpper
-}
-
 func GetLastIPFromNetwork(network netip.Prefix, fromEnd int) (netip.Addr, error) {
 	var endIP net.IP
 	addr := network.Addr().AsSlice()
diff --git a/client/net/net_linux.go b/client/net/net_linux.go
index 9e7d13702..8ed8a1944 100644
--- a/client/net/net_linux.go
+++ b/client/net/net_linux.go
@@ -21,15 +21,6 @@ func SetSocketMark(conn syscall.Conn) error {
 	return setRawSocketMark(sysconn)
 }
 
-// SetSocketOpt sets the SO_MARK option on the given file descriptor
-func SetSocketOpt(fd int) error {
-	if !AdvancedRouting() {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return setSocketOptInt(fd)
-}
-
 func setRawSocketMark(conn syscall.RawConn) error {
 	var setErr error
 
@@ -51,5 +42,5 @@ func setRawSocketMark(conn syscall.RawConn) error {
 }
 
 func setSocketOptInt(fd int) error {
-	return syscall.SetsockoptInt(fd, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_MARK, ControlPlaneMark)
+	return syscall.SetsockoptInt(fd, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_MARK, int(ControlPlaneMark))
 }
diff --git a/client/netbird.wxs b/client/netbird.wxs
index 03221dd91..f30a7aa7e 100644
--- a/client/netbird.wxs
+++ b/client/netbird.wxs
@@ -18,13 +18,17 @@
 				<Component Id="NetbirdFiles" Guid="db3165de-cc6e-4922-8396-9d892950e23e" Bitness="always64">
 					<File ProcessorArchitecture="$(var.ProcessorArchitecture)" Source=".\dist\netbird_windows_$(var.ArchSuffix)\netbird.exe" KeyPath="yes" />
 					<File ProcessorArchitecture="$(var.ProcessorArchitecture)" Source=".\dist\netbird_windows_$(var.ArchSuffix)\netbird-ui.exe">
-						<Shortcut Id="NetbirdDesktopShortcut" Directory="DesktopFolder" Name="NetBird" WorkingDirectory="NetbirdInstallDir" Icon="NetbirdIcon" />
-						<Shortcut Id="NetbirdStartMenuShortcut" Directory="StartMenuFolder" Name="NetBird" WorkingDirectory="NetbirdInstallDir" Icon="NetbirdIcon" />
+						<Shortcut Id="NetbirdDesktopShortcut" Directory="DesktopFolder" Name="NetBird" WorkingDirectory="NetbirdInstallDir" Icon="NetbirdIcon">
+							<ShortcutProperty Key="System.AppUserModel.ID" Value="NetBird" />
+							<ShortcutProperty Key="System.AppUserModel.ToastActivatorCLSID" Value="{0E1B4DE7-E148-432B-9814-544F941826EC}" />
+						</Shortcut>
+						<Shortcut Id="NetbirdStartMenuShortcut" Directory="StartMenuFolder" Name="NetBird" WorkingDirectory="NetbirdInstallDir" Icon="NetbirdIcon">
+							<ShortcutProperty Key="System.AppUserModel.ID" Value="NetBird" />
+							<ShortcutProperty Key="System.AppUserModel.ToastActivatorCLSID" Value="{0E1B4DE7-E148-432B-9814-544F941826EC}" />
+						</Shortcut>
 					</File>
 					<File ProcessorArchitecture="$(var.ProcessorArchitecture)" Source=".\dist\netbird_windows_$(var.ArchSuffix)\wintun.dll" />
-					<?if $(var.ArchSuffix) = "amd64" ?>
-					<File ProcessorArchitecture="$(var.ProcessorArchitecture)" Source=".\dist\netbird_windows_$(var.ArchSuffix)\opengl32.dll" />
-					<?endif ?>
+					<File Id="NetbirdToastIcon" Name="netbird.png" Source=".\client\ui\assets\netbird.png" />
 
 					<ServiceInstall
                                      Id="NetBirdService"
@@ -46,17 +50,66 @@
 			</Directory>
 		</StandardDirectory>
 
+		<!-- Per-user component: HKCU keypath (auto GUID via "*"), separate from
+		     the per-machine NetbirdFiles component to satisfy ICE57. -->
+		<StandardDirectory Id="ProgramMenuFolder">
+			<Component Id="NetbirdAumidRegistry" Guid="*">
+				<RegistryKey Root="HKCU" Key="Software\Classes\AppUserModelId\NetBird" ForceDeleteOnUninstall="yes">
+					<RegistryValue Name="InstalledByMSI" Type="integer" Value="1" KeyPath="yes" />
+					<!-- Pre-seed the CLSID the Wails notifications service reads on
+					     first startup (notifications_windows.go:getGUID looks for
+					     the CustomActivator value under this key). Without this
+					     the service generates a fresh per-install UUID, which
+					     diverges from the ToastActivatorCLSID set on the Start
+					     Menu / Desktop shortcuts above and the COM activator
+					     never fires when a toast is clicked. -->
+					<RegistryValue Name="CustomActivator" Type="string" Value="{0E1B4DE7-E148-432B-9814-544F941826EC}" />
+				</RegistryKey>
+			</Component>
+		</StandardDirectory>
+
 		<ComponentGroup Id="NetbirdFilesComponent">
 			<ComponentRef Id="NetbirdFiles" />
+			<ComponentRef Id="NetbirdAumidRegistry" />
 		</ComponentGroup>
 
 		<util:CloseApplication Id="CloseNetBird" CloseMessage="no" Target="netbird.exe" RebootPrompt="no" />
 		<util:CloseApplication Id="CloseNetBirdUI" CloseMessage="no" Target="netbird-ui.exe" RebootPrompt="no" TerminateProcess="0" />
 
+		<!-- WebView2 evergreen runtime detection.
+		     Probe both the per-machine and per-user EdgeUpdate keys; if either
+		     reports a non-empty `pv` value the runtime is already installed
+		     and we skip the bootstrapper. -->
+		<Property Id="WEBVIEW2_VERSION_HKLM">
+			<RegistrySearch Id="WV2HKLM" Root="HKLM"
+				Key="SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Clients\{F3017226-FE2A-4295-8BDF-00C3A9A7E4C5}"
+				Name="pv" Type="raw" Bitness="always64" />
+		</Property>
+		<Property Id="WEBVIEW2_VERSION_HKCU">
+			<RegistrySearch Id="WV2HKCU" Root="HKCU"
+				Key="Software\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Clients\{F3017226-FE2A-4295-8BDF-00C3A9A7E4C5}"
+				Name="pv" Type="raw" />
+		</Property>
 
+		<!-- Embed the bootstrapper payload. Path is relative to the WiX
+		     working directory; sign-pipelines stages it next to client/
+		     via `wails3 generate webview2bootstrapper`. -->
+		<Binary Id="WebView2Bootstrapper" SourceFile=".\client\MicrosoftEdgeWebview2Setup.exe" />
+
+		<CustomAction Id="InstallWebView2"
+			BinaryRef="WebView2Bootstrapper"
+			ExeCommand="/silent /install"
+			Execute="deferred"
+			Impersonate="no"
+			Return="check" />
+
+		<InstallExecuteSequence>
+			<Custom Action="InstallWebView2" Before="InstallFinalize"
+				Condition="NOT WEBVIEW2_VERSION_HKLM AND NOT WEBVIEW2_VERSION_HKCU AND NOT REMOVE" />
+		</InstallExecuteSequence>
 
 		<!-- Icons -->
-		<Icon Id="NetbirdIcon" SourceFile=".\client\ui\assets\netbird.ico" />
+		<Icon Id="NetbirdIcon" SourceFile=".\client\ui\build\windows\icon.ico" />
 		<Property Id="ARPPRODUCTICON" Value="NetbirdIcon" />
 
 	</Package>
diff --git a/client/netevents/netevents.go b/client/netevents/netevents.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..474cbfa22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/netevents/netevents.go
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Package netevents owns the OS network event handling shared by the mobile
+// bindings: availability changes park or wake the reconnection loops and drive
+// the NoNetwork listener state, and both losing the last network and switching
+// networks sweep the stale connections so their owners redial immediately.
+package netevents
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents/netstate"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents/sweep"
+)
+
+// Recorder receives the availability changes for listener state reporting.
+type Recorder interface {
+	SetNetworkAvailable(available bool)
+}
+
+// Manager ties the network availability state, the connection sweeper and the
+// status recorder together; it outlives engine restarts. A nil *Manager is
+// the valid no-events value for consumers: the read methods report
+// always-online and never sweep. Only the event sources hold a real Manager,
+// so the write methods do not tolerate a nil receiver.
+type Manager struct {
+	// mu serializes availability transitions: the IsOnline check and the
+	// state update must be atomic, or a racing offline flip can skip the sweep
+	// and leave netState and the recorder disagreeing.
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	netState *netstate.State
+	sweeper  *sweep.Sweeper
+	recorder Recorder
+}
+
+// NewManager creates a Manager reporting into recorder, starting online.
+func NewManager(recorder Recorder) *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		netState: netstate.New(),
+		sweeper:  sweep.New(),
+		recorder: recorder,
+	}
+}
+
+// SetNetworkAvailable records OS-reported network availability. While
+// unavailable, the reconnection loops suspend their attempts and the
+// connection listener reports NoNetwork instead of Connecting; when
+// availability returns, the loops resume immediately with a fresh backoff.
+// Losing the last network also sweeps the registered connections: nothing can
+// redial while offline, so the stale sockets would otherwise stay silently
+// "connected" until their own timeouts and the client would keep reporting
+// Connected with no network at all.
+//
+// Panics on a nil receiver: only the mobile bindings that own a Manager
+// report availability.
+func (m *Manager) SetNetworkAvailable(available bool) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !available && m.netState.IsOnline() {
+		m.sweeper.MarkNetworkChange()
+	}
+	m.netState.Set(available)
+	m.recorder.SetNetworkAvailable(available)
+}
+
+// NotifyNetworkChange marks the management, signal and relay connections
+// stale after the OS switched networks and schedules a sweep that cuts
+// whatever has not redialed on the new network by then. The engine and the
+// TUN device stay untouched.
+//
+// Panics on a nil receiver: only the mobile bindings that own a Manager
+// report network changes.
+func (m *Manager) NotifyNetworkChange() {
+	m.sweeper.MarkNetworkChange()
+	log.Infof("network change: connections marked stale")
+}
+
+// IsOnline reports whether the OS reports at least one usable network.
+func (m *Manager) IsOnline() bool {
+	if m == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return m.netState.IsOnline()
+}
+
+// Changed returns a channel closed on the next availability transition.
+func (m *Manager) Changed() <-chan struct{} {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return m.netState.Changed()
+}
+
+// Wait blocks while the network is offline; see netstate.State.Wait.
+func (m *Manager) Wait(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return m.netState.Wait(ctx)
+}
+
+// WaitSettled waits until an online verdict holds for a full settleWindow, or
+// while offline until the budget runs out. Returns false when ctx is
+// cancelled. The settle window exists because a disconnect often precedes the
+// OS offline flag by a few milliseconds, so a fresh online verdict cannot be
+// trusted immediately. A nil Manager has no events to watch: it degrades to a
+// fixed budget-long sleep.
+func (m *Manager) WaitSettled(ctx context.Context, budget, settleWindow time.Duration) bool {
+	if m == nil {
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(budget):
+			return true
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	budgetTimer := time.NewTimer(budget)
+	defer budgetTimer.Stop()
+
+	settle := time.NewTimer(settleWindow)
+	defer settle.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		// Channel first, flag second: a flip in between still fires the channel.
+		changedCh := m.netState.Changed()
+		if m.netState.IsOnline() {
+			select {
+			case <-settle.C:
+				return true
+			case <-changedCh:
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return false
+			}
+		} else {
+			select {
+			case <-budgetTimer.C:
+				return true
+			case <-changedCh:
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+		if !settle.Stop() {
+			select {
+			case <-settle.C:
+			default:
+			}
+		}
+		settle.Reset(settleWindow)
+	}
+}
+
+// StartDial registers an in-flight dial with the sweeper; see sweep.Sweeper.StartDial.
+func (m *Manager) StartDial(ctx context.Context) *sweep.Dial {
+	if m == nil {
+		return (*sweep.Sweeper)(nil).StartDial(ctx)
+	}
+	return m.sweeper.StartDial(ctx)
+}
+
+// QuickRetryBackoff wraps bo for a quick retry after a network change; see
+// sweep.Sweeper.QuickRetryBackoff.
+func (m *Manager) QuickRetryBackoff(ctx context.Context, bo backoff.BackOff) backoff.BackOff {
+	if m == nil {
+		return bo
+	}
+	return m.sweeper.QuickRetryBackoff(ctx, bo, m.netState)
+}
diff --git a/client/netevents/netevents_test.go b/client/netevents/netevents_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a62ddc270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/netevents/netevents_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package netevents
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+type recorderStub struct{}
+
+func (recorderStub) SetNetworkAvailable(bool) {}
+
+func TestWaitSettledAfterOutage(t *testing.T) {
+	const budget = 1500 * time.Millisecond
+	const settleWindow = 200 * time.Millisecond
+	const outage = 2 * settleWindow
+
+	m := NewManager(recorderStub{})
+	m.SetNetworkAvailable(false)
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(outage)
+		m.SetNetworkAvailable(true)
+	}()
+
+	ok := m.WaitSettled(context.Background(), budget, settleWindow)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	assert.True(t, ok, "recovered network must let the caller proceed")
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, outage+settleWindow, "an online verdict must hold a full settle window before it is trusted")
+}
diff --git a/client/netevents/netstate/netstate.go b/client/netevents/netstate/netstate.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d7a1268b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/netevents/netstate/netstate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Package netstate tracks OS-reported network availability for the client.
+//
+// A State instance is owned by the platform integration (e.g. the Android or
+// iOS bindings, fed from ConnectivityManager callbacks or NWPathMonitor) and
+// is injected into the connection retry loops (management, signal, relay,
+// peer guards and the top-level connect loop), which consult it to avoid
+// burning CPU and battery on reconnect attempts while the device has no
+// network at all (e.g. airplane mode), and to reset their backoff as soon as
+// the network returns.
+//
+// Consumers hold a *State that may be nil — every non-mobile platform leaves
+// it unset. The read methods are safe on a nil receiver: they report online
+// and never block, so consumers behave as if this package did not exist.
+package netstate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// State holds the OS-reported network availability. The zero value is not
+// usable; create instances with New.
+type State struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	online  bool
+	changed chan struct{}
+}
+
+// New creates a State that starts online. Platforms without network tracking
+// pass a nil *State instead: the read methods treat nil as always online and
+// never block, so consumers need no nil guards.
+func New() *State {
+	return &State{
+		online:  true,
+		changed: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+// Set records whether the OS reports any usable network. Transitions wake up
+// all Wait callers immediately. Unlike the read methods, Set is not nil-safe:
+// it is only for the platform owner that created the State with New.
+func (s *State) Set(online bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.online == online {
+		return
+	}
+	s.online = online
+	close(s.changed)
+	s.changed = make(chan struct{})
+	log.Infof("OS network availability changed: online=%t", online)
+}
+
+// IsOnline reports whether the OS reports at least one usable network. On a
+// nil receiver — no State injected — it reports online.
+func (s *State) IsOnline() bool {
+	if s == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.online
+}
+
+// Changed returns a channel closed on the next availability transition, for
+// callers that already own a select loop and cannot block in Wait. Re-read it
+// after every fire: each transition installs a fresh channel. On a nil
+// receiver — no State injected — it returns nil, which blocks forever in a
+// select, so the caller simply never observes a transition.
+func (s *State) Changed() <-chan struct{} {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.changed
+}
+
+// Wait blocks while the network is offline. It reports whether it had to
+// wait, so callers can reset their backoff after an outage. It returns early
+// with the context error when ctx is done. On a nil receiver — no State
+// injected — it returns immediately.
+func (s *State) Wait(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	waited := false
+	for {
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		if s.online {
+			s.mu.Unlock()
+			return waited, nil
+		}
+		ch := s.changed
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+
+		if !waited {
+			waited = true
+			log.Debugf("network is offline, pausing connection attempts")
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return waited, ctx.Err()
+		case <-ch:
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/netevents/netstate/netstate_test.go b/client/netevents/netstate/netstate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea7015761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/netevents/netstate/netstate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package netstate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestNewStateIsOnline(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.True(t, New().IsOnline(), "a fresh State should start online")
+}
+
+func TestSetTogglesOnlineState(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New()
+
+	s.Set(false)
+	assert.False(t, s.IsOnline(), "state should be offline after Set(false)")
+
+	s.Set(true)
+	assert.True(t, s.IsOnline(), "state should be online after Set(true)")
+}
+
+func TestWaitReturnsImmediatelyWhenOnline(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	waited, err := s.Wait(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, waited, "Wait should not block when the network is online")
+}
+
+func TestWaitBlocksUntilOnline(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New()
+	s.Set(false)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	result := make(chan bool, 1)
+	go func() {
+		waited, err := s.Wait(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			result <- false
+			return
+		}
+		result <- waited
+	}()
+
+	// Verify Wait is actually blocking while offline
+	select {
+	case <-result:
+		t.Fatal("Wait should block while the network is offline")
+	case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	s.Set(true)
+
+	select {
+	case waited := <-result:
+		assert.True(t, waited, "Wait should report that it had to wait for the network")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Wait should return promptly after the network becomes available")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWaitReturnsOnContextCancel(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New()
+	s.Set(false)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	result := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, err := s.Wait(ctx)
+		result <- err
+	}()
+
+	cancel()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-result:
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled)
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Wait should return promptly after context cancellation")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWaitWakesAllWaiters(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New()
+	s.Set(false)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	const waiters = 10
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	results := make(chan bool, waiters)
+	for i := 0; i < waiters; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			waited, err := s.Wait(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				results <- false
+				return
+			}
+			results <- waited
+		}()
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	s.Set(true)
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	close(results)
+	count := 0
+	for waited := range results {
+		assert.True(t, waited, "every waiter should report that it waited")
+		count++
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, waiters, count, "all waiters should have returned")
+}
+
+func TestNilStateReadsAreNoops(t *testing.T) {
+	var s *State
+
+	assert.True(t, s.IsOnline(), "nil State should report online")
+
+	waited, err := s.Wait(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, waited, "nil State's Wait should not block")
+}
+
+func TestConcurrentSetAndWait(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < 100; j++ {
+				s.Set(j%2 == 0)
+				s.IsOnline()
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < 100; j++ {
+				if _, err := s.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}
diff --git a/client/netevents/sweep/quick_retry.go b/client/netevents/sweep/quick_retry.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e174b20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/netevents/sweep/quick_retry.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package sweep
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents/netstate"
+)
+
+const quickRetryDelay = 200 * time.Millisecond
+
+type quickRetryBackoff struct {
+	backoff.BackOff
+	sweeper  *Sweeper
+	netState *netstate.State
+	used     bool
+}
+
+func newQuickRetryBackoff(bo backoff.BackOff, sweeper *Sweeper, netState *netstate.State) *quickRetryBackoff {
+	return &quickRetryBackoff{
+		BackOff:  bo,
+		sweeper:  sweeper,
+		netState: netState,
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *quickRetryBackoff) NextBackOff() time.Duration {
+	if !b.used && b.sweeper.markedRecently() && b.netState.IsOnline() {
+		b.used = true
+		return quickRetryDelay
+	}
+	return b.BackOff.NextBackOff()
+}
+
+func (b *quickRetryBackoff) Reset() {
+	b.used = false
+	b.BackOff.Reset()
+}
diff --git a/client/netevents/sweep/quick_retry_test.go b/client/netevents/sweep/quick_retry_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3dadd951c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/netevents/sweep/quick_retry_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package sweep
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestQuickRetryAfterRecentMark(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+	sweeper.MarkNetworkChange()
+
+	slow := backoff.NewConstantBackOff(5 * time.Second)
+	bo := sweeper.QuickRetryBackoff(context.Background(), slow, nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, quickRetryDelay, bo.NextBackOff(), "first retry after a mark must be quick")
+	assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Second, bo.NextBackOff(), "second retry must fall back to the wrapped backoff")
+
+	bo.Reset()
+	assert.Equal(t, quickRetryDelay, bo.NextBackOff(), "reset must re-arm the quick retry")
+}
+
+func TestQuickRetryWithoutMarkKeepsSpread(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+
+	slow := backoff.NewConstantBackOff(5 * time.Second)
+	bo := sweeper.QuickRetryBackoff(context.Background(), slow, nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Second, bo.NextBackOff(), "without a mark the wrapped backoff decides")
+
+	sweeper.mu.Lock()
+	sweeper.lastMark = time.Now().Add(-recentMarkWindow)
+	sweeper.mu.Unlock()
+	assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Second, bo.NextBackOff(), "a stale mark must not trigger the quick retry")
+}
+
+func TestQuickRetryNilSweeperPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
+	var sweeper *Sweeper
+
+	slow := backoff.NewConstantBackOff(5 * time.Second)
+	bo := sweeper.QuickRetryBackoff(context.Background(), slow, nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, backoff.BackOff(slow), bo, "nil sweeper must return the backoff unchanged")
+}
+
+func TestQuickRetryHonorsContext(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+	sweeper.MarkNetworkChange()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	bo := sweeper.QuickRetryBackoff(ctx, backoff.NewConstantBackOff(time.Millisecond), nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, backoff.Stop, bo.NextBackOff(), "cancelled context must stop the retry loop")
+}
diff --git a/client/netevents/sweep/sweep.go b/client/netevents/sweep/sweep.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52dce92be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/netevents/sweep/sweep.go
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+// Package sweep cuts network-bound activity when the OS switches networks:
+// a sweep closes the registered connections and aborts the in-flight dials, so
+// their owners redial immediately instead of waiting for the old sockets to
+// time out.
+//
+// A nil *Sweeper disables everything: all methods are nil-safe no-ops.
+package sweep
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents/netstate"
+)
+
+// DefaultSweepDelay absorbs network flapping while the OS settles on a
+// default network before the stale registrations are cut.
+const DefaultSweepDelay = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+const recentMarkWindow = 3 * time.Second
+
+// Config customizes a Sweeper. The zero value applies the defaults.
+type Config struct {
+	// SweepDelay overrides DefaultSweepDelay when positive.
+	SweepDelay time.Duration
+}
+
+// ErrSwept reports that a dial finished after a network change swept its
+// registration. The connection is already closed; the caller must treat it
+// as a failed dial and redial on the new network.
+var ErrSwept = errors.New("sweep: connection swept by network change")
+
+// sweepID identifies one registration in a sweeper. Connections and dials
+// draw from the same counter, so an id is unique across both registries.
+type sweepID uint64
+
+type connEntry struct {
+	conn net.Conn
+	gen  uint64
+}
+
+// Dial tracks one dial from start to connection registration. It hands the
+// dialed connection to the sweeper atomically, so a sweep can never fall
+// between the dial finishing and the connection being registered.
+type Dial struct {
+	sweeper *Sweeper
+	ctx     context.Context
+	cancel  context.CancelFunc
+	id      sweepID
+	done    bool // set by a sweep, WrapConn or Release; guarded by sweeper.mu
+	gen     uint64
+}
+
+// Ctx returns the dial's context. A sweep cancels it, so a dial started on the
+// old network aborts instead of waiting out its handshake timeout.
+func (d *Dial) Ctx() context.Context {
+	return d.ctx
+}
+
+// Release ends the dial's registration and cancels its context. It is
+// idempotent and safe after WrapConn, so callers can defer it.
+func (d *Dial) Release() {
+	s := d.sweeper
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	d.done = true
+	delete(s.dials, d.id)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	d.cancel()
+}
+
+// sweptConn deregisters itself from the sweeper when closed.
+type sweptConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	sweeper *Sweeper
+	id      sweepID
+}
+
+func (c *sweptConn) Close() error {
+	c.sweeper.deregister(c.id)
+	return c.Conn.Close()
+}
+
+// Sweeper registers live connections and in-flight dials so the
+// network-change sweep can cut everything registered before the change.
+type Sweeper struct {
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+	conns      map[sweepID]connEntry
+	dials      map[sweepID]*Dial
+	nextID     sweepID
+	gen        uint64
+	timer      *time.Timer
+	sweepDelay time.Duration
+	lastMark   time.Time
+}
+
+// New creates an empty sweeper with the default configuration.
+func New() *Sweeper {
+	return NewWithConfig(Config{})
+}
+
+// NewWithConfig creates an empty sweeper customized by cfg.
+func NewWithConfig(cfg Config) *Sweeper {
+	delay := cfg.SweepDelay
+	if delay <= 0 {
+		delay = DefaultSweepDelay
+	}
+	return &Sweeper{
+		conns:      make(map[sweepID]connEntry),
+		dials:      make(map[sweepID]*Dial),
+		sweepDelay: delay,
+	}
+}
+
+// StartDial registers an in-flight dial. Dial with Ctx, hand the result to
+// WrapConn, and Release the dial when the attempt is over, typically deferred.
+func (s *Sweeper) StartDial(ctx context.Context) *Dial {
+	if s == nil {
+		return &Dial{ctx: ctx}
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	d := &Dial{sweeper: s, ctx: ctx, cancel: cancel}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	d.id = s.nextID
+	s.nextID++
+	d.gen = s.gen
+	s.dials[d.id] = d
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return d
+}
+
+// WrapConn hands conn over to the sweeper. If a sweep ran since StartDial,
+// the connection belongs to the old network: it is closed and ErrSwept is
+// returned. Otherwise conn is registered against the next sweep and returned
+// wrapped, deregistering itself on Close. Call it once, before Release.
+func (d *Dial) WrapConn(conn net.Conn) (net.Conn, error) {
+	s := d.sweeper
+	if s == nil {
+		return conn, nil
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if d.done {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("swept dial close error: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil, ErrSwept
+	}
+	d.done = true
+	delete(s.dials, d.id)
+	id := s.nextID
+	s.nextID++
+	// The conn inherits the dial's generation: the socket was bound to the
+	// network that was default when the dial started, not when it finished.
+	s.conns[id] = connEntry{conn: conn, gen: d.gen}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return &sweptConn{Conn: conn, sweeper: s, id: id}, nil
+}
+
+// MarkNetworkChange records that the OS switched networks: everything
+// registered so far becomes stale, and a sweep is (re)scheduled after the
+// configured delay to cut whatever is still stale by then. Owners that
+// redialed in the meantime hold fresh-generation registrations and survive,
+// so no cancellation is needed around the sweep.
+func (s *Sweeper) MarkNetworkChange() {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.gen++
+	cutoff := s.gen
+	s.lastMark = time.Now()
+	if s.timer != nil {
+		s.timer.Stop()
+	}
+	s.timer = time.AfterFunc(s.sweepDelay, func() {
+		n := s.sweep(cutoff)
+		log.Infof("network change sweep: closed %d stale connections", n)
+	})
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// QuickRetryBackoff wraps bo so that after each Reset the first retry comes
+// quickly when the disconnect followed a recent network change and the
+// network is online. Any other failure keeps bo's spread, so the clients of
+// a restarted server still scatter their reconnects. A nil sweeper returns
+// bo unchanged.
+func (s *Sweeper) QuickRetryBackoff(ctx context.Context, bo backoff.BackOff, netState *netstate.State) backoff.BackOff {
+	if s == nil {
+		return bo
+	}
+	return backoff.WithContext(newQuickRetryBackoff(bo, s, netState), ctx)
+}
+
+func (s *Sweeper) markedRecently() bool {
+	if s == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return !s.lastMark.IsZero() && time.Since(s.lastMark) < recentMarkWindow
+}
+
+// sweep closes the registered connections and aborts the in-flight dials
+// older than cutoff, and returns how many connections it closed. A dial
+// whose connection was not yet handed to WrapConn is marked, so the late
+// WrapConn closes it instead of registering it.
+func (s *Sweeper) sweep(cutoff uint64) int {
+	if s == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	var conns []net.Conn
+	for id, e := range s.conns {
+		if e.gen < cutoff {
+			delete(s.conns, id)
+			conns = append(conns, e.conn)
+		}
+	}
+	var dials []*Dial
+	for id, d := range s.dials {
+		if d.gen < cutoff {
+			d.done = true
+			delete(s.dials, id)
+			dials = append(dials, d)
+		}
+	}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if len(dials) > 0 {
+		log.Debugf("aborting %d in-flight dials", len(dials))
+		for _, d := range dials {
+			d.cancel()
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, conn := range conns {
+		log.Debugf("sweeping connection %s -> %s", conn.LocalAddr(), conn.RemoteAddr())
+		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("swept connection close error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return len(conns)
+}
+
+func (s *Sweeper) deregister(id sweepID) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	delete(s.conns, id)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
diff --git a/client/netevents/sweep/sweep_test.go b/client/netevents/sweep/sweep_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c162d4c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/netevents/sweep/sweep_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+package sweep
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"math"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSweepClosesRegisteredConns(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+
+	c1 := wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+	c2 := wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, sweeper.sweepAll(), "both live connections should be closed")
+
+	// The wrappers must report closed now.
+	buf := make([]byte, 1)
+	_, err := c1.Read(buf)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "first connection should be unusable after the sweep")
+	_, err = c2.Read(buf)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "second connection should be unusable after the sweep")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, sweeper.sweepAll(), "second sweep should find nothing")
+}
+
+func TestCloseDeregisters(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+
+	conn := wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Close())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, sweeper.sweepAll(), "closed connection must leave the registry")
+}
+
+func TestCloseIsIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+
+	conn := wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Close())
+	assert.Error(t, conn.Close(), "double close surfaces the underlying error but must not panic")
+}
+
+func TestSweepOnlyAffectsOlderConns(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+
+	_ = wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, sweeper.sweepAll())
+
+	// A connection dialed after the sweep must survive until the next one.
+	_ = wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, sweeper.sweepAll(), "post-sweep connection belongs to the next sweep")
+}
+
+func TestSweepAbortsInFlightDials(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+
+	dial := sweeper.StartDial(context.Background())
+	defer dial.Release()
+
+	sweeper.sweepAll()
+
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, dial.Ctx().Err(), context.Canceled, "sweep must cancel the in-flight dial context")
+}
+
+func TestReleasedDialIsNotAborted(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+
+	// Simulate a dial that finished before the sweep.
+	released := sweeper.StartDial(context.Background())
+	released.Release()
+
+	// A dial still in flight during the sweep.
+	pending := sweeper.StartDial(context.Background())
+	defer pending.Release()
+
+	sweeper.sweepAll()
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, pending.Ctx().Err(), context.Canceled, "pending dial must be aborted")
+}
+
+func TestSweepBetweenDialAndHandoffClosesConn(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := New()
+
+	dial := sweeper.StartDial(context.Background())
+	defer dial.Release()
+
+	// The dial succeeds on the old network, then the sweep lands before the
+	// connection is handed over.
+	conn := connPair(t)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, sweeper.sweepAll(), "the connection is not registered yet")
+
+	wrapped, err := dial.WrapConn(conn)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrSwept)
+	require.Nil(t, wrapped)
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 1)
+	_, err = conn.Read(buf)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "the old-network connection must be closed, not leaked")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, sweeper.sweepAll(), "nothing may leak into the next sweep")
+}
+
+func TestMarkNetworkChangeSparesFreshConns(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := NewWithConfig(Config{SweepDelay: 10 * time.Millisecond})
+
+	stale := wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+	sweeper.MarkNetworkChange()
+	_ = wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+
+	_ = stale.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second))
+	buf := make([]byte, 1)
+	_, err := stale.Read(buf)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, net.ErrClosed, "stale connection must be closed by the delayed sweep")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, sweeper.sweepAll(), "the fresh connection must survive the stale sweep")
+}
+
+func TestMarkNetworkChangeAbortsStaleDials(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := NewWithConfig(Config{SweepDelay: 10 * time.Millisecond})
+
+	stale := sweeper.StartDial(context.Background())
+	defer stale.Release()
+	sweeper.MarkNetworkChange()
+	fresh := sweeper.StartDial(context.Background())
+	defer fresh.Release()
+
+	assert.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		return stale.Ctx().Err() != nil
+	}, time.Second, 5*time.Millisecond, "stale dial must be aborted by the delayed sweep")
+	assert.NoError(t, fresh.Ctx().Err(), "post-mark dial must not be aborted")
+}
+
+func TestConnInheritsDialGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := NewWithConfig(Config{SweepDelay: 20 * time.Millisecond})
+
+	// The dial starts before the network change but completes after it: the
+	// socket is bound to the old network, so the sweep must still cut it.
+	dial := sweeper.StartDial(context.Background())
+	defer dial.Release()
+	sweeper.MarkNetworkChange()
+
+	wrapped, err := dial.WrapConn(connPair(t))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_ = wrapped.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second))
+	buf := make([]byte, 1)
+	_, err = wrapped.Read(buf)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, net.ErrClosed, "old-generation connection must be swept")
+}
+
+func TestRepeatedMarksCoalesce(t *testing.T) {
+	sweeper := NewWithConfig(Config{SweepDelay: 20 * time.Millisecond})
+
+	first := wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+	sweeper.MarkNetworkChange()
+	second := wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+	sweeper.MarkNetworkChange()
+	_ = wrap(t, sweeper, connPair(t))
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 1)
+	for _, conn := range []net.Conn{first, second} {
+		_ = conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second))
+		_, err := conn.Read(buf)
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, net.ErrClosed, "every pre-mark connection must be swept by the rescheduled sweep")
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, sweeper.sweepAll(), "only the newest-generation connection may remain")
+}
+
+func TestNilSweeperIsNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	var sweeper *Sweeper
+
+	conn := connPair(t)
+	dial := sweeper.StartDial(context.Background())
+	defer dial.Release()
+
+	wrapped, err := dial.WrapConn(conn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, conn, wrapped, "nil sweeper must return the conn unchanged")
+	assert.NoError(t, dial.Ctx().Err(), "nil sweeper must not cancel the dial context")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, sweeper.sweepAll(), "nil sweeper closes nothing")
+}
+
+// wrap registers conn with the sweeper through a completed dial.
+func wrap(t *testing.T, sweeper *Sweeper, conn net.Conn) net.Conn {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	dial := sweeper.StartDial(context.Background())
+	defer dial.Release()
+
+	wrapped, err := dial.WrapConn(conn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return wrapped
+}
+
+// connPair dials a loopback TCP connection and keeps the accepted peer open
+// until the test ends: a peer that closed early would make the connection
+// unreadable on its own, so a read error after the sweep would prove nothing.
+func connPair(t *testing.T) net.Conn {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := l.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("listener close error: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	accepted := make(chan net.Conn, 1)
+	go func() {
+		conn, err := l.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			close(accepted)
+			return
+		}
+		accepted <- conn
+	}()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", l.Addr().String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peer, ok := <-accepted
+	require.True(t, ok, "listener must accept the dialed connection")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := peer.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("peer close error: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	return conn
+}
+
+// sweepAll cuts every registration regardless of generation.
+func (s *Sweeper) sweepAll() int {
+	return s.sweep(math.MaxUint64)
+}
diff --git a/client/proto/daemon.pb.go b/client/proto/daemon.pb.go
index 6506307d3..7f3ce1bbf 100644
--- a/client/proto/daemon.pb.go
+++ b/client/proto/daemon.pb.go
@@ -143,56 +143,6 @@ func (ExposeProtocol) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
 }
 
-// avoid collision with loglevel enum
-type OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType int32
-
-const (
-	OSLifecycleRequest_UNKNOWN OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType = 0
-	OSLifecycleRequest_SLEEP   OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType = 1
-	OSLifecycleRequest_WAKEUP  OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType = 2
-)
-
-// Enum value maps for OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType.
-var (
-	OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType_name = map[int32]string{
-		0: "UNKNOWN",
-		1: "SLEEP",
-		2: "WAKEUP",
-	}
-	OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType_value = map[string]int32{
-		"UNKNOWN": 0,
-		"SLEEP":   1,
-		"WAKEUP":  2,
-	}
-)
-
-func (x OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType) Enum() *OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType {
-	p := new(OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType)
-	*p = x
-	return p
-}
-
-func (x OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.EnumStringOf(x.Descriptor(), protoreflect.EnumNumber(x))
-}
-
-func (OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[2].Descriptor()
-}
-
-func (OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[2]
-}
-
-func (x OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
-	return protoreflect.EnumNumber(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType.Descriptor instead.
-func (OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1, 0}
-}
-
 type SystemEvent_Severity int32
 
 const (
@@ -229,11 +179,11 @@ func (x SystemEvent_Severity) String() string {
 }
 
 func (SystemEvent_Severity) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[3].Descriptor()
+	return file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[2].Descriptor()
 }
 
 func (SystemEvent_Severity) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[3]
+	return &file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[2]
 }
 
 func (x SystemEvent_Severity) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
@@ -284,11 +234,11 @@ func (x SystemEvent_Category) String() string {
 }
 
 func (SystemEvent_Category) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[4].Descriptor()
+	return file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[3].Descriptor()
 }
 
 func (SystemEvent_Category) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[4]
+	return &file_daemon_proto_enumTypes[3]
 }
 
 func (x SystemEvent_Category) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
@@ -336,86 +286,6 @@ func (*EmptyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
 }
 
-type OSLifecycleRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState       `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	Type          OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=type,proto3,enum=daemon.OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType" json:"type,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *OSLifecycleRequest) Reset() {
-	*x = OSLifecycleRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[1]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *OSLifecycleRequest) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*OSLifecycleRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *OSLifecycleRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[1]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use OSLifecycleRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*OSLifecycleRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
-}
-
-func (x *OSLifecycleRequest) GetType() OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.Type
-	}
-	return OSLifecycleRequest_UNKNOWN
-}
-
-type OSLifecycleResponse struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
-}
-
-func (x *OSLifecycleResponse) Reset() {
-	*x = OSLifecycleResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[2]
-	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-}
-
-func (x *OSLifecycleResponse) String() string {
-	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
-}
-
-func (*OSLifecycleResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
-
-func (x *OSLifecycleResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[2]
-	if x != nil {
-		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
-		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
-			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
-		}
-		return ms
-	}
-	return mi.MessageOf(x)
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use OSLifecycleResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*OSLifecycleResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
-}
-
 type LoginRequest struct {
 	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	// setupKey netbird setup key.
@@ -472,13 +342,19 @@ type LoginRequest struct {
 	EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding *bool   `protobuf:"varint,37,opt,name=enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,proto3,oneof" json:"enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,omitempty"`
 	DisableSSHAuth                *bool   `protobuf:"varint,38,opt,name=disableSSHAuth,proto3,oneof" json:"disableSSHAuth,omitempty"`
 	SshJWTCacheTTL                *int32  `protobuf:"varint,39,opt,name=sshJWTCacheTTL,proto3,oneof" json:"sshJWTCacheTTL,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields                 protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache                     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	DisableIpv6                   *bool   `protobuf:"varint,40,opt,name=disable_ipv6,json=disableIpv6,proto3,oneof" json:"disable_ipv6,omitempty"`
+	EnableLocalMetrics            *bool   `protobuf:"varint,41,opt,name=enable_local_metrics,json=enableLocalMetrics,proto3,oneof" json:"enable_local_metrics,omitempty"`
+	LocalMetricsAddress           *string `protobuf:"bytes,42,opt,name=local_metrics_address,json=localMetricsAddress,proto3,oneof" json:"local_metrics_address,omitempty"`
+	// remoteJobsAllowed opts the peer into management-requested remote jobs
+	// (e.g. debug bundles). Absent leaves the stored value unchanged.
+	RemoteJobsAllowed *bool `protobuf:"varint,43,opt,name=remoteJobsAllowed,proto3,oneof" json:"remoteJobsAllowed,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields     protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache         protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *LoginRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = LoginRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[1]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -490,7 +366,7 @@ func (x *LoginRequest) String() string {
 func (*LoginRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *LoginRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[1]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -503,7 +379,7 @@ func (x *LoginRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use LoginRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*LoginRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
 }
 
 func (x *LoginRequest) GetSetupKey() string {
@@ -780,6 +656,34 @@ func (x *LoginRequest) GetSshJWTCacheTTL() int32 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+func (x *LoginRequest) GetDisableIpv6() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.DisableIpv6 != nil {
+		return *x.DisableIpv6
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *LoginRequest) GetEnableLocalMetrics() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.EnableLocalMetrics != nil {
+		return *x.EnableLocalMetrics
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *LoginRequest) GetLocalMetricsAddress() string {
+	if x != nil && x.LocalMetricsAddress != nil {
+		return *x.LocalMetricsAddress
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *LoginRequest) GetRemoteJobsAllowed() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil {
+		return *x.RemoteJobsAllowed
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type LoginResponse struct {
 	state                   protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	NeedsSSOLogin           bool                   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=needsSSOLogin,proto3" json:"needsSSOLogin,omitempty"`
@@ -792,7 +696,7 @@ type LoginResponse struct {
 
 func (x *LoginResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = LoginResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[2]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -804,7 +708,7 @@ func (x *LoginResponse) String() string {
 func (*LoginResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *LoginResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[2]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -817,7 +721,7 @@ func (x *LoginResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use LoginResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*LoginResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
 }
 
 func (x *LoginResponse) GetNeedsSSOLogin() bool {
@@ -858,7 +762,7 @@ type WaitSSOLoginRequest struct {
 
 func (x *WaitSSOLoginRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = WaitSSOLoginRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[3]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -870,7 +774,7 @@ func (x *WaitSSOLoginRequest) String() string {
 func (*WaitSSOLoginRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *WaitSSOLoginRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[3]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -883,7 +787,7 @@ func (x *WaitSSOLoginRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use WaitSSOLoginRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*WaitSSOLoginRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
 }
 
 func (x *WaitSSOLoginRequest) GetUserCode() string {
@@ -909,7 +813,7 @@ type WaitSSOLoginResponse struct {
 
 func (x *WaitSSOLoginResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = WaitSSOLoginResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[4]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -921,7 +825,7 @@ func (x *WaitSSOLoginResponse) String() string {
 func (*WaitSSOLoginResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *WaitSSOLoginResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[4]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -934,7 +838,7 @@ func (x *WaitSSOLoginResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use WaitSSOLoginResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*WaitSSOLoginResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
 }
 
 func (x *WaitSSOLoginResponse) GetEmail() string {
@@ -945,16 +849,22 @@ func (x *WaitSSOLoginResponse) GetEmail() string {
 }
 
 type UpRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	ProfileName   *string                `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=profileName,proto3,oneof" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
-	Username      *string                `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=username,proto3,oneof" json:"username,omitempty"`
+	state       protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	ProfileName *string                `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=profileName,proto3,oneof" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
+	Username    *string                `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=username,proto3,oneof" json:"username,omitempty"`
+	// async instructs the daemon to start the connection attempt and return
+	// immediately without waiting for the engine to become ready. Status updates
+	// are delivered via the SubscribeStatus stream. When false (the default) the
+	// RPC blocks until the engine is running or gives up, which is the behaviour
+	// needed by the CLI.
+	Async         bool `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=async,proto3" json:"async,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *UpRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = UpRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[5]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -966,7 +876,7 @@ func (x *UpRequest) String() string {
 func (*UpRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *UpRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[5]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -979,7 +889,7 @@ func (x *UpRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use UpRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*UpRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
 }
 
 func (x *UpRequest) GetProfileName() string {
@@ -996,6 +906,13 @@ func (x *UpRequest) GetUsername() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *UpRequest) GetAsync() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Async
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type UpResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -1004,7 +921,7 @@ type UpResponse struct {
 
 func (x *UpResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = UpResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[6]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1016,7 +933,7 @@ func (x *UpResponse) String() string {
 func (*UpResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *UpResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[6]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1029,7 +946,7 @@ func (x *UpResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use UpResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*UpResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
 }
 
 type StatusRequest struct {
@@ -1044,7 +961,7 @@ type StatusRequest struct {
 
 func (x *StatusRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StatusRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[9]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[7]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1056,7 +973,7 @@ func (x *StatusRequest) String() string {
 func (*StatusRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StatusRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[9]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[7]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1069,7 +986,7 @@ func (x *StatusRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StatusRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StatusRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
 }
 
 func (x *StatusRequest) GetGetFullPeerStatus() bool {
@@ -1100,13 +1017,17 @@ type StatusResponse struct {
 	FullStatus *FullStatus `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=fullStatus,proto3" json:"fullStatus,omitempty"`
 	// NetBird daemon version
 	DaemonVersion string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=daemonVersion,proto3" json:"daemonVersion,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	// Absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO session expires.
+	// Unset when the peer is not SSO-registered or login expiration is disabled.
+	// The UI derives "warning active" from this value and its own clock.
+	SessionExpiresAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=sessionExpiresAt,proto3" json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields    protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache        protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *StatusResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = StatusResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[10]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[8]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1118,7 +1039,7 @@ func (x *StatusResponse) String() string {
 func (*StatusResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StatusResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[10]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[8]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1131,7 +1052,7 @@ func (x *StatusResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StatusResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StatusResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
 }
 
 func (x *StatusResponse) GetStatus() string {
@@ -1155,6 +1076,13 @@ func (x *StatusResponse) GetDaemonVersion() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *StatusResponse) GetSessionExpiresAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionExpiresAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type DownRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -1163,7 +1091,7 @@ type DownRequest struct {
 
 func (x *DownRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = DownRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[11]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[9]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1175,7 +1103,7 @@ func (x *DownRequest) String() string {
 func (*DownRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DownRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[11]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[9]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1188,7 +1116,7 @@ func (x *DownRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DownRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DownRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{11}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
 }
 
 type DownResponse struct {
@@ -1199,7 +1127,7 @@ type DownResponse struct {
 
 func (x *DownResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = DownResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[12]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[10]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1211,7 +1139,7 @@ func (x *DownResponse) String() string {
 func (*DownResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DownResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[12]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[10]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1224,7 +1152,7 @@ func (x *DownResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DownResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DownResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{12}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10}
 }
 
 type GetConfigRequest struct {
@@ -1237,7 +1165,7 @@ type GetConfigRequest struct {
 
 func (x *GetConfigRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = GetConfigRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[13]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[11]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1249,7 +1177,7 @@ func (x *GetConfigRequest) String() string {
 func (*GetConfigRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetConfigRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[13]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[11]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1262,7 +1190,7 @@ func (x *GetConfigRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetConfigRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetConfigRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{13}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{11}
 }
 
 func (x *GetConfigRequest) GetProfileName() string {
@@ -1312,13 +1240,21 @@ type GetConfigResponse struct {
 	EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding bool   `protobuf:"varint,23,opt,name=enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,proto3" json:"enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,omitempty"`
 	DisableSSHAuth                bool   `protobuf:"varint,25,opt,name=disableSSHAuth,proto3" json:"disableSSHAuth,omitempty"`
 	SshJWTCacheTTL                int32  `protobuf:"varint,26,opt,name=sshJWTCacheTTL,proto3" json:"sshJWTCacheTTL,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields                 protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache                     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	DisableIpv6                   bool   `protobuf:"varint,27,opt,name=disable_ipv6,json=disableIpv6,proto3" json:"disable_ipv6,omitempty"`
+	RemoteJobsAllowed             bool   `protobuf:"varint,29,opt,name=remoteJobsAllowed,proto3" json:"remoteJobsAllowed,omitempty"`
+	// mDMManagedFields lists the names of configuration keys whose value is
+	// currently enforced by an MDM policy. Names match mdm.Key* constants
+	// (e.g. "managementURL", "disableClientRoutes"). UI/CLI clients should
+	// render the corresponding inputs as read-only and display a "managed
+	// by MDM" indicator.
+	MDMManagedFields []string `protobuf:"bytes,28,rep,name=mDMManagedFields,proto3" json:"mDMManagedFields,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields    protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache        protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *GetConfigResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = GetConfigResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[14]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[12]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1330,7 +1266,7 @@ func (x *GetConfigResponse) String() string {
 func (*GetConfigResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetConfigResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[14]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[12]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1343,7 +1279,7 @@ func (x *GetConfigResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetConfigResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetConfigResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{14}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{12}
 }
 
 func (x *GetConfigResponse) GetManagementUrl() string {
@@ -1528,6 +1464,27 @@ func (x *GetConfigResponse) GetSshJWTCacheTTL() int32 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+func (x *GetConfigResponse) GetDisableIpv6() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DisableIpv6
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *GetConfigResponse) GetRemoteJobsAllowed() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.RemoteJobsAllowed
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *GetConfigResponse) GetMDMManagedFields() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.MDMManagedFields
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // PeerState contains the latest state of a peer
 type PeerState struct {
 	state                      protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
@@ -1549,13 +1506,14 @@ type PeerState struct {
 	Latency                    *durationpb.Duration   `protobuf:"bytes,17,opt,name=latency,proto3" json:"latency,omitempty"`
 	RelayAddress               string                 `protobuf:"bytes,18,opt,name=relayAddress,proto3" json:"relayAddress,omitempty"`
 	SshHostKey                 []byte                 `protobuf:"bytes,19,opt,name=sshHostKey,proto3" json:"sshHostKey,omitempty"`
+	Ipv6                       string                 `protobuf:"bytes,20,opt,name=ipv6,proto3" json:"ipv6,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields              protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache                  protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *PeerState) Reset() {
 	*x = PeerState{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[13]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1567,7 +1525,7 @@ func (x *PeerState) String() string {
 func (*PeerState) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PeerState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[13]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1580,7 +1538,7 @@ func (x *PeerState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PeerState.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PeerState) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{13}
 }
 
 func (x *PeerState) GetIP() string {
@@ -1709,6 +1667,13 @@ func (x *PeerState) GetSshHostKey() []byte {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *PeerState) GetIpv6() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Ipv6
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 // LocalPeerState contains the latest state of the local peer
 type LocalPeerState struct {
 	state               protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
@@ -1719,13 +1684,15 @@ type LocalPeerState struct {
 	RosenpassEnabled    bool                   `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=rosenpassEnabled,proto3" json:"rosenpassEnabled,omitempty"`
 	RosenpassPermissive bool                   `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=rosenpassPermissive,proto3" json:"rosenpassPermissive,omitempty"`
 	Networks            []string               `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=networks,proto3" json:"networks,omitempty"`
+	Ipv6                string                 `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=ipv6,proto3" json:"ipv6,omitempty"`
+	WgPort              int32                  `protobuf:"varint,9,opt,name=wgPort,proto3" json:"wgPort,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields       protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache           protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *LocalPeerState) Reset() {
 	*x = LocalPeerState{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[16]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[14]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1737,7 +1704,7 @@ func (x *LocalPeerState) String() string {
 func (*LocalPeerState) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *LocalPeerState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[16]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[14]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1750,7 +1717,7 @@ func (x *LocalPeerState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use LocalPeerState.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*LocalPeerState) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{14}
 }
 
 func (x *LocalPeerState) GetIP() string {
@@ -1802,6 +1769,20 @@ func (x *LocalPeerState) GetNetworks() []string {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *LocalPeerState) GetIpv6() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Ipv6
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *LocalPeerState) GetWgPort() int32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.WgPort
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 // SignalState contains the latest state of a signal connection
 type SignalState struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
@@ -1814,7 +1795,7 @@ type SignalState struct {
 
 func (x *SignalState) Reset() {
 	*x = SignalState{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[17]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[15]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1826,7 +1807,7 @@ func (x *SignalState) String() string {
 func (*SignalState) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SignalState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[17]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[15]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1839,7 +1820,7 @@ func (x *SignalState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SignalState.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SignalState) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
 }
 
 func (x *SignalState) GetURL() string {
@@ -1875,7 +1856,7 @@ type ManagementState struct {
 
 func (x *ManagementState) Reset() {
 	*x = ManagementState{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[18]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[16]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1887,7 +1868,7 @@ func (x *ManagementState) String() string {
 func (*ManagementState) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ManagementState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[18]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[16]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1900,7 +1881,7 @@ func (x *ManagementState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ManagementState.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ManagementState) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
 }
 
 func (x *ManagementState) GetURL() string {
@@ -1926,17 +1907,20 @@ func (x *ManagementState) GetError() string {
 
 // RelayState contains the latest state of the relay
 type RelayState struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	URI           string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=URI,proto3" json:"URI,omitempty"`
-	Available     bool                   `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=available,proto3" json:"available,omitempty"`
-	Error         string                 `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=error,proto3" json:"error,omitempty"`
+	state     protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	URI       string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=URI,proto3" json:"URI,omitempty"`
+	Available bool                   `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=available,proto3" json:"available,omitempty"`
+	Error     string                 `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=error,proto3" json:"error,omitempty"`
+	// transport is the negotiated relay transport (e.g. "ws", "quic"),
+	// empty for stun/turn probes or when not connected.
+	Transport     string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=transport,proto3" json:"transport,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *RelayState) Reset() {
 	*x = RelayState{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[17]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -1948,7 +1932,7 @@ func (x *RelayState) String() string {
 func (*RelayState) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RelayState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[17]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1961,7 +1945,7 @@ func (x *RelayState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RelayState.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RelayState) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
 }
 
 func (x *RelayState) GetURI() string {
@@ -1985,6 +1969,13 @@ func (x *RelayState) GetError() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *RelayState) GetTransport() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Transport
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type NSGroupState struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	Servers       []string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=servers,proto3" json:"servers,omitempty"`
@@ -1997,7 +1988,7 @@ type NSGroupState struct {
 
 func (x *NSGroupState) Reset() {
 	*x = NSGroupState{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[18]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2009,7 +2000,7 @@ func (x *NSGroupState) String() string {
 func (*NSGroupState) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NSGroupState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[18]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2022,7 +2013,7 @@ func (x *NSGroupState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NSGroupState.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NSGroupState) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
 }
 
 func (x *NSGroupState) GetServers() []string {
@@ -2067,7 +2058,7 @@ type SSHSessionInfo struct {
 
 func (x *SSHSessionInfo) Reset() {
 	*x = SSHSessionInfo{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[19]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2079,7 +2070,7 @@ func (x *SSHSessionInfo) String() string {
 func (*SSHSessionInfo) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SSHSessionInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[19]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2092,7 +2083,7 @@ func (x *SSHSessionInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SSHSessionInfo.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SSHSessionInfo) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
 }
 
 func (x *SSHSessionInfo) GetUsername() string {
@@ -2141,7 +2132,7 @@ type SSHServerState struct {
 
 func (x *SSHServerState) Reset() {
 	*x = SSHServerState{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2153,7 +2144,7 @@ func (x *SSHServerState) String() string {
 func (*SSHServerState) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SSHServerState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2166,7 +2157,7 @@ func (x *SSHServerState) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SSHServerState.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SSHServerState) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
 }
 
 func (x *SSHServerState) GetEnabled() bool {
@@ -2196,13 +2187,18 @@ type FullStatus struct {
 	Events                  []*SystemEvent         `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=events,proto3" json:"events,omitempty"`
 	LazyConnectionEnabled   bool                   `protobuf:"varint,9,opt,name=lazyConnectionEnabled,proto3" json:"lazyConnectionEnabled,omitempty"`
 	SshServerState          *SSHServerState        `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=sshServerState,proto3" json:"sshServerState,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields           protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache               protoimpl.SizeCache
+	// networksRevision bumps whenever the set of routed networks (route and
+	// exit-node candidates) or their selected state changes. The UI fingerprints
+	// on it to know when to re-fetch ListNetworks via the push stream, instead
+	// of polling on every status snapshot.
+	NetworksRevision uint64 `protobuf:"varint,11,opt,name=networksRevision,proto3" json:"networksRevision,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields    protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache        protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *FullStatus) Reset() {
 	*x = FullStatus{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[23]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[21]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2214,7 +2210,7 @@ func (x *FullStatus) String() string {
 func (*FullStatus) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *FullStatus) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[23]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[21]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2227,7 +2223,7 @@ func (x *FullStatus) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use FullStatus.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*FullStatus) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
 }
 
 func (x *FullStatus) GetManagementState() *ManagementState {
@@ -2300,6 +2296,13 @@ func (x *FullStatus) GetSshServerState() *SSHServerState {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *FullStatus) GetNetworksRevision() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NetworksRevision
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 // Networks
 type ListNetworksRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
@@ -2309,7 +2312,7 @@ type ListNetworksRequest struct {
 
 func (x *ListNetworksRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ListNetworksRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[24]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[22]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2321,7 +2324,7 @@ func (x *ListNetworksRequest) String() string {
 func (*ListNetworksRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ListNetworksRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[24]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[22]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2334,7 +2337,7 @@ func (x *ListNetworksRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ListNetworksRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ListNetworksRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
 }
 
 type ListNetworksResponse struct {
@@ -2346,7 +2349,7 @@ type ListNetworksResponse struct {
 
 func (x *ListNetworksResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ListNetworksResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[25]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[23]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2358,7 +2361,7 @@ func (x *ListNetworksResponse) String() string {
 func (*ListNetworksResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ListNetworksResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[25]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[23]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2371,7 +2374,7 @@ func (x *ListNetworksResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ListNetworksResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ListNetworksResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
 }
 
 func (x *ListNetworksResponse) GetRoutes() []*Network {
@@ -2392,7 +2395,7 @@ type SelectNetworksRequest struct {
 
 func (x *SelectNetworksRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = SelectNetworksRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[26]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[24]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2404,7 +2407,7 @@ func (x *SelectNetworksRequest) String() string {
 func (*SelectNetworksRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SelectNetworksRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[26]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[24]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2417,7 +2420,7 @@ func (x *SelectNetworksRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SelectNetworksRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SelectNetworksRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
 }
 
 func (x *SelectNetworksRequest) GetNetworkIDs() []string {
@@ -2449,7 +2452,7 @@ type SelectNetworksResponse struct {
 
 func (x *SelectNetworksResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = SelectNetworksResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[25]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2461,7 +2464,7 @@ func (x *SelectNetworksResponse) String() string {
 func (*SelectNetworksResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SelectNetworksResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[25]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2474,7 +2477,7 @@ func (x *SelectNetworksResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SelectNetworksResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SelectNetworksResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
 }
 
 type IPList struct {
@@ -2486,7 +2489,7 @@ type IPList struct {
 
 func (x *IPList) Reset() {
 	*x = IPList{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[28]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[26]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2498,7 +2501,7 @@ func (x *IPList) String() string {
 func (*IPList) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *IPList) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[28]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[26]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2511,7 +2514,7 @@ func (x *IPList) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use IPList.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*IPList) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
 }
 
 func (x *IPList) GetIps() []string {
@@ -2534,7 +2537,7 @@ type Network struct {
 
 func (x *Network) Reset() {
 	*x = Network{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[29]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[27]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2546,7 +2549,7 @@ func (x *Network) String() string {
 func (*Network) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Network) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[29]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[27]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2559,7 +2562,7 @@ func (x *Network) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Network.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Network) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{29}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
 }
 
 func (x *Network) GetID() string {
@@ -2611,7 +2614,7 @@ type PortInfo struct {
 
 func (x *PortInfo) Reset() {
 	*x = PortInfo{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[30]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[28]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2623,7 +2626,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo) String() string {
 func (*PortInfo) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PortInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[30]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[28]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2636,7 +2639,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PortInfo.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PortInfo) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{30}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
 }
 
 func (x *PortInfo) GetPortSelection() isPortInfo_PortSelection {
@@ -2693,7 +2696,7 @@ type ForwardingRule struct {
 
 func (x *ForwardingRule) Reset() {
 	*x = ForwardingRule{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[31]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[29]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2705,7 +2708,7 @@ func (x *ForwardingRule) String() string {
 func (*ForwardingRule) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ForwardingRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[31]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[29]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2718,7 +2721,7 @@ func (x *ForwardingRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ForwardingRule.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ForwardingRule) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{29}
 }
 
 func (x *ForwardingRule) GetProtocol() string {
@@ -2765,7 +2768,7 @@ type ForwardingRulesResponse struct {
 
 func (x *ForwardingRulesResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ForwardingRulesResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[32]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[30]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2777,7 +2780,7 @@ func (x *ForwardingRulesResponse) String() string {
 func (*ForwardingRulesResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ForwardingRulesResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[32]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[30]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2790,7 +2793,7 @@ func (x *ForwardingRulesResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ForwardingRulesResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ForwardingRulesResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{32}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{30}
 }
 
 func (x *ForwardingRulesResponse) GetRules() []*ForwardingRule {
@@ -2802,18 +2805,28 @@ func (x *ForwardingRulesResponse) GetRules() []*ForwardingRule {
 
 // DebugBundler
 type DebugBundleRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	Anonymize     bool                   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=anonymize,proto3" json:"anonymize,omitempty"`
-	SystemInfo    bool                   `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=systemInfo,proto3" json:"systemInfo,omitempty"`
-	UploadURL     string                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=uploadURL,proto3" json:"uploadURL,omitempty"`
-	LogFileCount  uint32                 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=logFileCount,proto3" json:"logFileCount,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	state        protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Anonymize    bool                   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=anonymize,proto3" json:"anonymize,omitempty"`
+	SystemInfo   bool                   `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=systemInfo,proto3" json:"systemInfo,omitempty"`
+	UploadURL    string                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=uploadURL,proto3" json:"uploadURL,omitempty"`
+	LogFileCount uint32                 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=logFileCount,proto3" json:"logFileCount,omitempty"`
+	CliVersion   string                 `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=cliVersion,proto3" json:"cliVersion,omitempty"`
+	// uploadInsecure allows uploading to an http endpoint or one with an
+	// untrusted TLS certificate. Restricted to privileged callers; for
+	// self-hosted upload servers.
+	UploadInsecure bool `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=uploadInsecure,proto3" json:"uploadInsecure,omitempty"`
+	// anonymizeLevel selects how much the anonymizer redacts: "default"
+	// (or empty) keeps internal IP ranges, "strict" also anonymizes them.
+	// Unknown values are treated as "strict". Only meaningful with anonymize;
+	// "strict" implies it.
+	AnonymizeLevel string `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=anonymizeLevel,proto3" json:"anonymizeLevel,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields  protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache      protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *DebugBundleRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = DebugBundleRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[33]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[31]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2825,7 +2838,7 @@ func (x *DebugBundleRequest) String() string {
 func (*DebugBundleRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DebugBundleRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[33]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[31]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2838,7 +2851,7 @@ func (x *DebugBundleRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DebugBundleRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DebugBundleRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{33}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31}
 }
 
 func (x *DebugBundleRequest) GetAnonymize() bool {
@@ -2869,6 +2882,27 @@ func (x *DebugBundleRequest) GetLogFileCount() uint32 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+func (x *DebugBundleRequest) GetCliVersion() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.CliVersion
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *DebugBundleRequest) GetUploadInsecure() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UploadInsecure
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *DebugBundleRequest) GetAnonymizeLevel() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AnonymizeLevel
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type DebugBundleResponse struct {
 	state               protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	Path                string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=path,proto3" json:"path,omitempty"`
@@ -2880,7 +2914,7 @@ type DebugBundleResponse struct {
 
 func (x *DebugBundleResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = DebugBundleResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[34]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[32]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2892,7 +2926,7 @@ func (x *DebugBundleResponse) String() string {
 func (*DebugBundleResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DebugBundleResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[34]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[32]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2905,7 +2939,7 @@ func (x *DebugBundleResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DebugBundleResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DebugBundleResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{34}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{32}
 }
 
 func (x *DebugBundleResponse) GetPath() string {
@@ -2937,7 +2971,7 @@ type GetLogLevelRequest struct {
 
 func (x *GetLogLevelRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = GetLogLevelRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[35]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[33]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2949,7 +2983,7 @@ func (x *GetLogLevelRequest) String() string {
 func (*GetLogLevelRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetLogLevelRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[35]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[33]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2962,7 +2996,7 @@ func (x *GetLogLevelRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetLogLevelRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetLogLevelRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{35}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{33}
 }
 
 type GetLogLevelResponse struct {
@@ -2974,7 +3008,7 @@ type GetLogLevelResponse struct {
 
 func (x *GetLogLevelResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = GetLogLevelResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[36]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[34]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -2986,7 +3020,7 @@ func (x *GetLogLevelResponse) String() string {
 func (*GetLogLevelResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetLogLevelResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[36]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[34]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2999,7 +3033,7 @@ func (x *GetLogLevelResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetLogLevelResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetLogLevelResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{36}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{34}
 }
 
 func (x *GetLogLevelResponse) GetLevel() LogLevel {
@@ -3018,7 +3052,7 @@ type SetLogLevelRequest struct {
 
 func (x *SetLogLevelRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = SetLogLevelRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[37]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[35]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -3030,7 +3064,7 @@ func (x *SetLogLevelRequest) String() string {
 func (*SetLogLevelRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SetLogLevelRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[37]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[35]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3043,7 +3077,7 @@ func (x *SetLogLevelRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SetLogLevelRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SetLogLevelRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{37}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{35}
 }
 
 func (x *SetLogLevelRequest) GetLevel() LogLevel {
@@ -3061,7 +3095,7 @@ type SetLogLevelResponse struct {
 
 func (x *SetLogLevelResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = SetLogLevelResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[38]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[36]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -3073,7 +3107,7 @@ func (x *SetLogLevelResponse) String() string {
 func (*SetLogLevelResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SetLogLevelResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[38]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[36]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3086,6 +3120,86 @@ func (x *SetLogLevelResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SetLogLevelResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SetLogLevelResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{36}
+}
+
+type RegisterUILogRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Path          string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=path,proto3" json:"path,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *RegisterUILogRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = RegisterUILogRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[37]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *RegisterUILogRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*RegisterUILogRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *RegisterUILogRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[37]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use RegisterUILogRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*RegisterUILogRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{37}
+}
+
+func (x *RegisterUILogRequest) GetPath() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Path
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type RegisterUILogResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *RegisterUILogResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = RegisterUILogResponse{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[38]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *RegisterUILogResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*RegisterUILogResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *RegisterUILogResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[38]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use RegisterUILogResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*RegisterUILogResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{38}
 }
 
@@ -4013,9 +4127,11 @@ func (x *GetEventsResponse) GetEvents() []*SystemEvent {
 }
 
 type SwitchProfileRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	ProfileName   *string                `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=profileName,proto3,oneof" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
-	Username      *string                `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=username,proto3,oneof" json:"username,omitempty"`
+	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	// profileName is treated as a handle: exact ID, unique ID prefix, or
+	// unique display name. The daemon resolves it server-side.
+	ProfileName   *string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=profileName,proto3,oneof" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
+	Username      *string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=username,proto3,oneof" json:"username,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -4065,7 +4181,11 @@ func (x *SwitchProfileRequest) GetUsername() string {
 }
 
 type SwitchProfileResponse struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	// id is the resolved on-disk ID of the profile that became active.
+	// Lets CLI clients update their local active-profile state without
+	// duplicating the resolution logic.
+	Id            string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -4100,6 +4220,13 @@ func (*SwitchProfileResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{57}
 }
 
+func (x *SwitchProfileResponse) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type SetConfigRequest struct {
 	state       protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	Username    string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=username,proto3" json:"username,omitempty"`
@@ -4139,8 +4266,14 @@ type SetConfigRequest struct {
 	EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding *bool                `protobuf:"varint,32,opt,name=enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,proto3,oneof" json:"enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,omitempty"`
 	DisableSSHAuth                *bool                `protobuf:"varint,33,opt,name=disableSSHAuth,proto3,oneof" json:"disableSSHAuth,omitempty"`
 	SshJWTCacheTTL                *int32               `protobuf:"varint,34,opt,name=sshJWTCacheTTL,proto3,oneof" json:"sshJWTCacheTTL,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields                 protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache                     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	DisableIpv6                   *bool                `protobuf:"varint,35,opt,name=disable_ipv6,json=disableIpv6,proto3,oneof" json:"disable_ipv6,omitempty"`
+	EnableLocalMetrics            *bool                `protobuf:"varint,36,opt,name=enable_local_metrics,json=enableLocalMetrics,proto3,oneof" json:"enable_local_metrics,omitempty"`
+	LocalMetricsAddress           *string              `protobuf:"bytes,37,opt,name=local_metrics_address,json=localMetricsAddress,proto3,oneof" json:"local_metrics_address,omitempty"`
+	// remoteJobsAllowed opts the peer into management-requested remote jobs
+	// (e.g. debug bundles). Absent leaves the stored value unchanged.
+	RemoteJobsAllowed *bool `protobuf:"varint,38,opt,name=remoteJobsAllowed,proto3,oneof" json:"remoteJobsAllowed,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields     protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache         protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *SetConfigRequest) Reset() {
@@ -4411,6 +4544,34 @@ func (x *SetConfigRequest) GetSshJWTCacheTTL() int32 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+func (x *SetConfigRequest) GetDisableIpv6() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.DisableIpv6 != nil {
+		return *x.DisableIpv6
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *SetConfigRequest) GetEnableLocalMetrics() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.EnableLocalMetrics != nil {
+		return *x.EnableLocalMetrics
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *SetConfigRequest) GetLocalMetricsAddress() string {
+	if x != nil && x.LocalMetricsAddress != nil {
+		return *x.LocalMetricsAddress
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *SetConfigRequest) GetRemoteJobsAllowed() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil {
+		return *x.RemoteJobsAllowed
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type SetConfigResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -4448,9 +4609,11 @@ func (*SetConfigResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 }
 
 type AddProfileRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	Username      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=username,proto3" json:"username,omitempty"`
-	ProfileName   string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=profileName,proto3" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
+	state    protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Username string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=username,proto3" json:"username,omitempty"`
+	// profileName carries the human-readable display name for the new
+	// profile. The on-disk filename is a separately-generated ID.
+	ProfileName   string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=profileName,proto3" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -4500,7 +4663,10 @@ func (x *AddProfileRequest) GetProfileName() string {
 }
 
 type AddProfileResponse struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	// id is the generated on-disk ID of the new profile. CLI clients
+	// display a truncated form, UI clients can ignore it.
+	Id            string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
@@ -4535,17 +4701,133 @@ func (*AddProfileResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{61}
 }
 
+func (x *AddProfileResponse) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type RenameProfileRequest struct {
+	state    protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Username string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=username,proto3" json:"username,omitempty"`
+	// handle: an exact ID, a unique ID prefix, or a unique display name.
+	Handle string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=handle,proto3" json:"handle,omitempty"`
+	// newProfileName is the new human-readable display name for the profile.
+	NewProfileName string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=newProfileName,proto3" json:"newProfileName,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields  protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache      protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = RenameProfileRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[62]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*RenameProfileRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[62]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use RenameProfileRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*RenameProfileRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{62}
+}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileRequest) GetUsername() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Username
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileRequest) GetHandle() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Handle
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileRequest) GetNewProfileName() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NewProfileName
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type RenameProfileResponse struct {
+	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	// confirm the old profile name after resolving handle.
+	OldProfileName string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=oldProfileName,proto3" json:"oldProfileName,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields  protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache      protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = RenameProfileResponse{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[63]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*RenameProfileResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[63]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use RenameProfileResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*RenameProfileResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{63}
+}
+
+func (x *RenameProfileResponse) GetOldProfileName() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.OldProfileName
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type RemoveProfileRequest struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
-	Username      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=username,proto3" json:"username,omitempty"`
-	ProfileName   string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=profileName,proto3" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
+	state    protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Username string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=username,proto3" json:"username,omitempty"`
+	// profileName is treated as a handle: an exact ID, a unique ID
+	// prefix, or a unique display name. Resolution happens server-side.
+	ProfileName   string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=profileName,proto3" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *RemoveProfileRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = RemoveProfileRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[62]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[64]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4557,7 +4839,7 @@ func (x *RemoveProfileRequest) String() string {
 func (*RemoveProfileRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RemoveProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[62]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[64]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4570,7 +4852,7 @@ func (x *RemoveProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RemoveProfileRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RemoveProfileRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{62}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{64}
 }
 
 func (x *RemoveProfileRequest) GetUsername() string {
@@ -4588,14 +4870,17 @@ func (x *RemoveProfileRequest) GetProfileName() string {
 }
 
 type RemoveProfileResponse struct {
-	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	// id is the full resolved ID of the removed profile, so callers can
+	// confirm exactly which profile a name/prefix handle resolved to.
+	Id            string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *RemoveProfileResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = RemoveProfileResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[63]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[65]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4607,7 +4892,7 @@ func (x *RemoveProfileResponse) String() string {
 func (*RemoveProfileResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RemoveProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[63]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[65]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4620,7 +4905,14 @@ func (x *RemoveProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RemoveProfileResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RemoveProfileResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{63}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{65}
+}
+
+func (x *RemoveProfileResponse) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
 }
 
 type ListProfilesRequest struct {
@@ -4632,7 +4924,7 @@ type ListProfilesRequest struct {
 
 func (x *ListProfilesRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ListProfilesRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[64]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[66]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4644,7 +4936,7 @@ func (x *ListProfilesRequest) String() string {
 func (*ListProfilesRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ListProfilesRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[64]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[66]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4657,7 +4949,7 @@ func (x *ListProfilesRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ListProfilesRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ListProfilesRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{64}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{66}
 }
 
 func (x *ListProfilesRequest) GetUsername() string {
@@ -4676,7 +4968,7 @@ type ListProfilesResponse struct {
 
 func (x *ListProfilesResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ListProfilesResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[65]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[67]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4688,7 +4980,7 @@ func (x *ListProfilesResponse) String() string {
 func (*ListProfilesResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ListProfilesResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[65]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[67]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4701,7 +4993,7 @@ func (x *ListProfilesResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ListProfilesResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ListProfilesResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{65}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{67}
 }
 
 func (x *ListProfilesResponse) GetProfiles() []*Profile {
@@ -4715,13 +5007,14 @@ type Profile struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	Name          string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
 	IsActive      bool                   `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=is_active,json=isActive,proto3" json:"is_active,omitempty"`
+	Id            string                 `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *Profile) Reset() {
 	*x = Profile{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[66]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[68]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4733,7 +5026,7 @@ func (x *Profile) String() string {
 func (*Profile) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Profile) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[66]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[68]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4746,7 +5039,7 @@ func (x *Profile) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Profile.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Profile) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{66}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{68}
 }
 
 func (x *Profile) GetName() string {
@@ -4763,6 +5056,13 @@ func (x *Profile) GetIsActive() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (x *Profile) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type GetActiveProfileRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -4771,7 +5071,7 @@ type GetActiveProfileRequest struct {
 
 func (x *GetActiveProfileRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = GetActiveProfileRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[67]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[69]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4783,7 +5083,7 @@ func (x *GetActiveProfileRequest) String() string {
 func (*GetActiveProfileRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetActiveProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[67]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[69]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4796,20 +5096,21 @@ func (x *GetActiveProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetActiveProfileRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetActiveProfileRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{67}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{69}
 }
 
 type GetActiveProfileResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	ProfileName   string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=profileName,proto3" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
 	Username      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=username,proto3" json:"username,omitempty"`
+	Id            string                 `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *GetActiveProfileResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = GetActiveProfileResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[68]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[70]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4821,7 +5122,7 @@ func (x *GetActiveProfileResponse) String() string {
 func (*GetActiveProfileResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetActiveProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[68]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[70]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4834,7 +5135,7 @@ func (x *GetActiveProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetActiveProfileResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetActiveProfileResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{68}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{70}
 }
 
 func (x *GetActiveProfileResponse) GetProfileName() string {
@@ -4851,6 +5152,13 @@ func (x *GetActiveProfileResponse) GetUsername() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *GetActiveProfileResponse) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type LogoutRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	ProfileName   *string                `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=profileName,proto3,oneof" json:"profileName,omitempty"`
@@ -4861,7 +5169,7 @@ type LogoutRequest struct {
 
 func (x *LogoutRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = LogoutRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[69]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[71]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4873,7 +5181,7 @@ func (x *LogoutRequest) String() string {
 func (*LogoutRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *LogoutRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[69]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[71]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4886,7 +5194,7 @@ func (x *LogoutRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use LogoutRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*LogoutRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{69}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{71}
 }
 
 func (x *LogoutRequest) GetProfileName() string {
@@ -4911,7 +5219,7 @@ type LogoutResponse struct {
 
 func (x *LogoutResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = LogoutResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[70]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[72]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4923,7 +5231,7 @@ func (x *LogoutResponse) String() string {
 func (*LogoutResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *LogoutResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[70]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[72]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4936,7 +5244,79 @@ func (x *LogoutResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use LogoutResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*LogoutResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{70}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{72}
+}
+
+type WailsUIReadyRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *WailsUIReadyRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = WailsUIReadyRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[73]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *WailsUIReadyRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*WailsUIReadyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *WailsUIReadyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[73]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use WailsUIReadyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*WailsUIReadyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{73}
+}
+
+type WailsUIReadyResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *WailsUIReadyResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = WailsUIReadyResponse{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[74]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *WailsUIReadyResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*WailsUIReadyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *WailsUIReadyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[74]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use WailsUIReadyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*WailsUIReadyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{74}
 }
 
 type GetFeaturesRequest struct {
@@ -4947,7 +5327,7 @@ type GetFeaturesRequest struct {
 
 func (x *GetFeaturesRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = GetFeaturesRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[71]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[75]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4959,7 +5339,7 @@ func (x *GetFeaturesRequest) String() string {
 func (*GetFeaturesRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetFeaturesRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[71]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[75]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4972,7 +5352,7 @@ func (x *GetFeaturesRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetFeaturesRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetFeaturesRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{71}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{75}
 }
 
 type GetFeaturesResponse struct {
@@ -4980,13 +5360,19 @@ type GetFeaturesResponse struct {
 	DisableProfiles       bool                   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=disable_profiles,json=disableProfiles,proto3" json:"disable_profiles,omitempty"`
 	DisableUpdateSettings bool                   `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=disable_update_settings,json=disableUpdateSettings,proto3" json:"disable_update_settings,omitempty"`
 	DisableNetworks       bool                   `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=disable_networks,json=disableNetworks,proto3" json:"disable_networks,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields         protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache             protoimpl.SizeCache
+	// disableAdvancedView gates the upcoming UI revision's advanced
+	// section. Tristate: unset = no MDM directive, the UI applies its
+	// own default; true = MDM enforces disable; false = MDM enforces
+	// enable. Sourced exclusively from the MDM policy — no CLI /
+	// config flag backs this value.
+	DisableAdvancedView *bool `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=disable_advanced_view,json=disableAdvancedView,proto3,oneof" json:"disable_advanced_view,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields       protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache           protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *GetFeaturesResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = GetFeaturesResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[72]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -4998,7 +5384,7 @@ func (x *GetFeaturesResponse) String() string {
 func (*GetFeaturesResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetFeaturesResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[72]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5011,7 +5397,7 @@ func (x *GetFeaturesResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetFeaturesResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetFeaturesResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{72}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{76}
 }
 
 func (x *GetFeaturesResponse) GetDisableProfiles() bool {
@@ -5035,6 +5421,62 @@ func (x *GetFeaturesResponse) GetDisableNetworks() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (x *GetFeaturesResponse) GetDisableAdvancedView() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.DisableAdvancedView != nil {
+		return *x.DisableAdvancedView
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// MDMManagedFieldsViolation is attached as a gRPC error detail on a
+// FailedPrecondition status returned from SetConfig (and similar mutating
+// RPCs) when the caller tries to modify one or more MDM-enforced fields.
+// The fields list contains the offending key names; the entire request is
+// rejected (no partial apply).
+type MDMManagedFieldsViolation struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Fields        []string               `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=fields,proto3" json:"fields,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *MDMManagedFieldsViolation) Reset() {
+	*x = MDMManagedFieldsViolation{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[77]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *MDMManagedFieldsViolation) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*MDMManagedFieldsViolation) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *MDMManagedFieldsViolation) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[77]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use MDMManagedFieldsViolation.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*MDMManagedFieldsViolation) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{77}
+}
+
+func (x *MDMManagedFieldsViolation) GetFields() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Fields
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type TriggerUpdateRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -5043,7 +5485,7 @@ type TriggerUpdateRequest struct {
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = TriggerUpdateRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[73]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[78]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5055,7 +5497,7 @@ func (x *TriggerUpdateRequest) String() string {
 func (*TriggerUpdateRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[73]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[78]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5068,7 +5510,7 @@ func (x *TriggerUpdateRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use TriggerUpdateRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*TriggerUpdateRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{73}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{78}
 }
 
 type TriggerUpdateResponse struct {
@@ -5081,7 +5523,7 @@ type TriggerUpdateResponse struct {
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = TriggerUpdateResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[74]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5093,7 +5535,7 @@ func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) String() string {
 func (*TriggerUpdateResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[74]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5106,7 +5548,7 @@ func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use TriggerUpdateResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*TriggerUpdateResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{74}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{79}
 }
 
 func (x *TriggerUpdateResponse) GetSuccess() bool {
@@ -5134,7 +5576,7 @@ type GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest struct {
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[75]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5146,7 +5588,7 @@ func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) String() string {
 func (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[75]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5159,7 +5601,7 @@ func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{75}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{80}
 }
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) GetPeerAddress() string {
@@ -5186,7 +5628,7 @@ type GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse struct {
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[81]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5198,7 +5640,7 @@ func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) String() string {
 func (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[81]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5211,7 +5653,7 @@ func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{76}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{81}
 }
 
 func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) GetSshHostKey() []byte {
@@ -5246,14 +5688,18 @@ func (x *GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse) GetFound() bool {
 type RequestJWTAuthRequest struct {
 	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	// hint for OIDC login_hint parameter (typically email address)
-	Hint          *string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=hint,proto3,oneof" json:"hint,omitempty"`
-	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	Hint *string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=hint,proto3,oneof" json:"hint,omitempty"`
+	// hasGraphicalSession tells the daemon that the caller has a graphical session,
+	// which decides whether PKCE or the device code flow is preferred. The daemon
+	// cannot detect this itself: it does not inherit the session environment.
+	HasGraphicalSession bool `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=hasGraphicalSession,proto3" json:"hasGraphicalSession,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields       protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache           protoimpl.SizeCache
 }
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = RequestJWTAuthRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[77]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5265,7 +5711,7 @@ func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) String() string {
 func (*RequestJWTAuthRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[77]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5278,7 +5724,7 @@ func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RequestJWTAuthRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RequestJWTAuthRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{77}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{82}
 }
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) GetHint() string {
@@ -5288,6 +5734,13 @@ func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) GetHint() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *RequestJWTAuthRequest) GetHasGraphicalSession() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.HasGraphicalSession
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // RequestJWTAuthResponse contains authentication flow information
 type RequestJWTAuthResponse struct {
 	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
@@ -5311,7 +5764,7 @@ type RequestJWTAuthResponse struct {
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = RequestJWTAuthResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[78]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[83]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5323,7 +5776,7 @@ func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) String() string {
 func (*RequestJWTAuthResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[78]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[83]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5336,7 +5789,7 @@ func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RequestJWTAuthResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RequestJWTAuthResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{78}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{83}
 }
 
 func (x *RequestJWTAuthResponse) GetVerificationURI() string {
@@ -5401,7 +5854,7 @@ type WaitJWTTokenRequest struct {
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = WaitJWTTokenRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[84]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5413,7 +5866,7 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) String() string {
 func (*WaitJWTTokenRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[79]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[84]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5426,7 +5879,7 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use WaitJWTTokenRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*WaitJWTTokenRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{79}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{84}
 }
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenRequest) GetDeviceCode() string {
@@ -5458,7 +5911,7 @@ type WaitJWTTokenResponse struct {
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = WaitJWTTokenResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[85]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5470,7 +5923,7 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) String() string {
 func (*WaitJWTTokenResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[80]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[85]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5483,7 +5936,7 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use WaitJWTTokenResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*WaitJWTTokenResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{80}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{85}
 }
 
 func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) GetToken() string {
@@ -5507,6 +5960,329 @@ func (x *WaitJWTTokenResponse) GetExpiresIn() int64 {
 	return 0
 }
 
+// RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest kicks off the session-extension SSO flow.
+type RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest struct {
+	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	// Optional OIDC login_hint (typically the user's email) to pre-fill the
+	// IdP login form.
+	Hint *string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=hint,proto3,oneof" json:"hint,omitempty"`
+	// hasGraphicalSession tells the daemon that the caller has a graphical session,
+	// which decides whether PKCE or the device code flow is preferred. The daemon
+	// cannot detect this itself: it does not inherit the session environment.
+	HasGraphicalSession bool `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=hasGraphicalSession,proto3" json:"hasGraphicalSession,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields       protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache           protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{86}
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) GetHint() string {
+	if x != nil && x.Hint != nil {
+		return *x.Hint
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) GetHasGraphicalSession() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.HasGraphicalSession
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse carries the verification URI the UI
+// should open in a browser. The daemon retains the flow state and resolves
+// it via WaitExtendAuthSession.
+type RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse struct {
+	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	// verification URI for the user to open in the browser
+	VerificationURI string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=verificationURI,proto3" json:"verificationURI,omitempty"`
+	// complete verification URI (with embedded user code)
+	VerificationURIComplete string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=verificationURIComplete,proto3" json:"verificationURIComplete,omitempty"`
+	// user code to enter on verification URI (for device-code flows)
+	UserCode string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=userCode,proto3" json:"userCode,omitempty"`
+	// device code for matching the WaitExtendAuthSession call to this flow
+	DeviceCode string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=deviceCode,proto3" json:"deviceCode,omitempty"`
+	// expiration time in seconds for the device code / PKCE flow
+	ExpiresIn     int64 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=expiresIn,proto3" json:"expiresIn,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[87]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[87]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{87}
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) GetVerificationURI() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.VerificationURI
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) GetVerificationURIComplete() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.VerificationURIComplete
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) GetUserCode() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserCode
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) GetDeviceCode() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DeviceCode
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) GetExpiresIn() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ExpiresIn
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest is sent by the UI after it opens the
+// verification URI. The daemon blocks on this call until the user
+// completes (or aborts) the SSO step.
+type WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest struct {
+	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	// device code returned by RequestExtendAuthSession
+	DeviceCode string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=deviceCode,proto3" json:"deviceCode,omitempty"`
+	// user code for verification
+	UserCode      string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=userCode,proto3" json:"userCode,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[88]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[88]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{88}
+}
+
+func (x *WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) GetDeviceCode() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DeviceCode
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) GetUserCode() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserCode
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse carries the refreshed deadline returned
+// by the management server. Unset when the management server reports the
+// peer is not eligible for session extension.
+type WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse struct {
+	state            protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	SessionExpiresAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=sessionExpiresAt,proto3" json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields    protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache        protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[89]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[89]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{89}
+}
+
+func (x *WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse) GetSessionExpiresAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionExpiresAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DismissSessionWarningRequest is sent by the UI when the user clicks
+// "Dismiss" on the T-WarningLead notification.
+type DismissSessionWarningRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *DismissSessionWarningRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = DismissSessionWarningRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[90]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *DismissSessionWarningRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*DismissSessionWarningRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *DismissSessionWarningRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[90]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use DismissSessionWarningRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*DismissSessionWarningRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{90}
+}
+
+// DismissSessionWarningResponse acknowledges the dismissal. Carries no
+// payload — the daemon's only obligation is to silence the upcoming
+// T-FinalWarningLead fallback for the current deadline.
+type DismissSessionWarningResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *DismissSessionWarningResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = DismissSessionWarningResponse{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[91]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *DismissSessionWarningResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*DismissSessionWarningResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *DismissSessionWarningResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[91]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use DismissSessionWarningResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*DismissSessionWarningResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{91}
+}
+
 // StartCPUProfileRequest for starting CPU profiling
 type StartCPUProfileRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
@@ -5516,7 +6292,7 @@ type StartCPUProfileRequest struct {
 
 func (x *StartCPUProfileRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StartCPUProfileRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[81]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[92]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5528,7 +6304,7 @@ func (x *StartCPUProfileRequest) String() string {
 func (*StartCPUProfileRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StartCPUProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[81]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[92]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5541,7 +6317,7 @@ func (x *StartCPUProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StartCPUProfileRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StartCPUProfileRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{81}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{92}
 }
 
 // StartCPUProfileResponse confirms CPU profiling has started
@@ -5553,7 +6329,7 @@ type StartCPUProfileResponse struct {
 
 func (x *StartCPUProfileResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = StartCPUProfileResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[93]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5565,7 +6341,7 @@ func (x *StartCPUProfileResponse) String() string {
 func (*StartCPUProfileResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StartCPUProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[93]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5578,7 +6354,7 @@ func (x *StartCPUProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StartCPUProfileResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StartCPUProfileResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{82}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{93}
 }
 
 // StopCPUProfileRequest for stopping CPU profiling
@@ -5590,7 +6366,7 @@ type StopCPUProfileRequest struct {
 
 func (x *StopCPUProfileRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StopCPUProfileRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[83]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[94]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5602,7 +6378,7 @@ func (x *StopCPUProfileRequest) String() string {
 func (*StopCPUProfileRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopCPUProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[83]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[94]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5615,7 +6391,7 @@ func (x *StopCPUProfileRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopCPUProfileRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopCPUProfileRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{83}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{94}
 }
 
 // StopCPUProfileResponse confirms CPU profiling has stopped
@@ -5627,7 +6403,7 @@ type StopCPUProfileResponse struct {
 
 func (x *StopCPUProfileResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = StopCPUProfileResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[84]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[95]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5639,7 +6415,7 @@ func (x *StopCPUProfileResponse) String() string {
 func (*StopCPUProfileResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopCPUProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[84]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[95]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5652,7 +6428,7 @@ func (x *StopCPUProfileResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopCPUProfileResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopCPUProfileResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{84}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{95}
 }
 
 type InstallerResultRequest struct {
@@ -5663,7 +6439,7 @@ type InstallerResultRequest struct {
 
 func (x *InstallerResultRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = InstallerResultRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[85]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[96]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5675,7 +6451,7 @@ func (x *InstallerResultRequest) String() string {
 func (*InstallerResultRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *InstallerResultRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[85]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[96]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5688,7 +6464,7 @@ func (x *InstallerResultRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use InstallerResultRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*InstallerResultRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{85}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{96}
 }
 
 type InstallerResultResponse struct {
@@ -5701,7 +6477,7 @@ type InstallerResultResponse struct {
 
 func (x *InstallerResultResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = InstallerResultResponse{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[97]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5713,7 +6489,7 @@ func (x *InstallerResultResponse) String() string {
 func (*InstallerResultResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *InstallerResultResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[97]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5726,7 +6502,7 @@ func (x *InstallerResultResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use InstallerResultResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*InstallerResultResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{86}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{97}
 }
 
 func (x *InstallerResultResponse) GetSuccess() bool {
@@ -5759,7 +6535,7 @@ type ExposeServiceRequest struct {
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceRequest{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[87]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[98]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5771,7 +6547,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[87]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[98]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5784,7 +6560,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{87}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{98}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) GetPort() uint32 {
@@ -5855,7 +6631,7 @@ type ExposeServiceEvent struct {
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceEvent{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[88]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[99]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5867,7 +6643,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceEvent) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[88]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[99]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5880,7 +6656,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceEvent.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceEvent) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{88}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{99}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceEvent) GetEvent() isExposeServiceEvent_Event {
@@ -5921,7 +6697,7 @@ type ExposeServiceReady struct {
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceReady) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceReady{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[89]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[100]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5933,7 +6709,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceReady) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceReady) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceReady) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[89]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[100]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -5946,7 +6722,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceReady) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceReady.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceReady) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{89}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{100}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceReady) GetServiceName() string {
@@ -5977,6 +6753,288 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceReady) GetPortAutoAssigned() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+type StartCaptureRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	TextOutput    bool                   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=text_output,json=textOutput,proto3" json:"text_output,omitempty"`
+	SnapLen       uint32                 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=snap_len,json=snapLen,proto3" json:"snap_len,omitempty"`
+	Duration      *durationpb.Duration   `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=duration,proto3" json:"duration,omitempty"`
+	FilterExpr    string                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=filter_expr,json=filterExpr,proto3" json:"filter_expr,omitempty"`
+	Verbose       bool                   `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=verbose,proto3" json:"verbose,omitempty"`
+	Ascii         bool                   `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=ascii,proto3" json:"ascii,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *StartCaptureRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = StartCaptureRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[101]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *StartCaptureRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*StartCaptureRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *StartCaptureRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[101]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use StartCaptureRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*StartCaptureRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{101}
+}
+
+func (x *StartCaptureRequest) GetTextOutput() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.TextOutput
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *StartCaptureRequest) GetSnapLen() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SnapLen
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *StartCaptureRequest) GetDuration() *durationpb.Duration {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Duration
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *StartCaptureRequest) GetFilterExpr() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.FilterExpr
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *StartCaptureRequest) GetVerbose() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Verbose
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *StartCaptureRequest) GetAscii() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Ascii
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type CapturePacket struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	Data          []byte                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=data,proto3" json:"data,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *CapturePacket) Reset() {
+	*x = CapturePacket{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[102]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *CapturePacket) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*CapturePacket) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *CapturePacket) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[102]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use CapturePacket.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*CapturePacket) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{102}
+}
+
+func (x *CapturePacket) GetData() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Data
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type StartBundleCaptureRequest struct {
+	state protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	// timeout auto-stops the capture after this duration.
+	// Clamped to a server-side maximum (10 minutes). Zero or unset defaults to the maximum.
+	Timeout       *durationpb.Duration `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=timeout,proto3" json:"timeout,omitempty"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *StartBundleCaptureRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = StartBundleCaptureRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[103]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *StartBundleCaptureRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*StartBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *StartBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[103]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use StartBundleCaptureRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*StartBundleCaptureRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{103}
+}
+
+func (x *StartBundleCaptureRequest) GetTimeout() *durationpb.Duration {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Timeout
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type StartBundleCaptureResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *StartBundleCaptureResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = StartBundleCaptureResponse{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[104]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *StartBundleCaptureResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*StartBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *StartBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[104]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use StartBundleCaptureResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*StartBundleCaptureResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{104}
+}
+
+type StopBundleCaptureRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *StopBundleCaptureRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = StopBundleCaptureRequest{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[105]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *StopBundleCaptureRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*StopBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *StopBundleCaptureRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[105]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use StopBundleCaptureRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*StopBundleCaptureRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{105}
+}
+
+type StopBundleCaptureResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+}
+
+func (x *StopBundleCaptureResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = StopBundleCaptureResponse{}
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[106]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *StopBundleCaptureResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*StopBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *StopBundleCaptureResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[106]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use StopBundleCaptureResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*StopBundleCaptureResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{106}
+}
+
 type PortInfo_Range struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState `protogen:"open.v1"`
 	Start         uint32                 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=start,proto3" json:"start,omitempty"`
@@ -5987,7 +7045,7 @@ type PortInfo_Range struct {
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) Reset() {
 	*x = PortInfo_Range{}
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[91]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[108]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -5999,7 +7057,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo_Range) String() string {
 func (*PortInfo_Range) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[91]
+	mi := &file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[108]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -6012,7 +7070,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo_Range) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PortInfo_Range.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PortInfo_Range) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{30, 0}
+	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28, 0}
 }
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) GetStart() uint32 {
@@ -6034,15 +7092,7 @@ var File_daemon_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\n" +
 	"\fdaemon.proto\x12\x06daemon\x1a google/protobuf/descriptor.proto\x1a\x1fgoogle/protobuf/timestamp.proto\x1a\x1egoogle/protobuf/duration.proto\"\x0e\n" +
-	"\fEmptyRequest\"\x7f\n" +
-	"\x12OSLifecycleRequest\x128\n" +
-	"\x04type\x18\x01 \x01(\x0e2$.daemon.OSLifecycleRequest.CycleTypeR\x04type\"/\n" +
-	"\tCycleType\x12\v\n" +
-	"\aUNKNOWN\x10\x00\x12\t\n" +
-	"\x05SLEEP\x10\x01\x12\n" +
-	"\n" +
-	"\x06WAKEUP\x10\x02\"\x15\n" +
-	"\x13OSLifecycleResponse\"\xb6\x12\n" +
+	"\fEmptyRequest\"\xdb\x14\n" +
 	"\fLoginRequest\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\bsetupKey\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\bsetupKey\x12&\n" +
 	"\fpreSharedKey\x18\x02 \x01(\tB\x02\x18\x01R\fpreSharedKey\x12$\n" +
@@ -6086,7 +7136,11 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x1cenableSSHLocalPortForwarding\x18$ \x01(\bH\x17R\x1cenableSSHLocalPortForwarding\x88\x01\x01\x12I\n" +
 	"\x1denableSSHRemotePortForwarding\x18% \x01(\bH\x18R\x1denableSSHRemotePortForwarding\x88\x01\x01\x12+\n" +
 	"\x0edisableSSHAuth\x18& \x01(\bH\x19R\x0edisableSSHAuth\x88\x01\x01\x12+\n" +
-	"\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x18' \x01(\x05H\x1aR\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x88\x01\x01B\x13\n" +
+	"\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x18' \x01(\x05H\x1aR\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x88\x01\x01\x12&\n" +
+	"\fdisable_ipv6\x18( \x01(\bH\x1bR\vdisableIpv6\x88\x01\x01\x125\n" +
+	"\x14enable_local_metrics\x18) \x01(\bH\x1cR\x12enableLocalMetrics\x88\x01\x01\x127\n" +
+	"\x15local_metrics_address\x18* \x01(\tH\x1dR\x13localMetricsAddress\x88\x01\x01\x121\n" +
+	"\x11remoteJobsAllowed\x18+ \x01(\bH\x1eR\x11remoteJobsAllowed\x88\x01\x01B\x13\n" +
 	"\x11_rosenpassEnabledB\x10\n" +
 	"\x0e_interfaceNameB\x10\n" +
 	"\x0e_wireguardPortB\x17\n" +
@@ -6113,7 +7167,11 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x1d_enableSSHLocalPortForwardingB \n" +
 	"\x1e_enableSSHRemotePortForwardingB\x11\n" +
 	"\x0f_disableSSHAuthB\x11\n" +
-	"\x0f_sshJWTCacheTTL\"\xb5\x01\n" +
+	"\x0f_sshJWTCacheTTLB\x0f\n" +
+	"\r_disable_ipv6B\x17\n" +
+	"\x15_enable_local_metricsB\x18\n" +
+	"\x16_local_metrics_addressB\x14\n" +
+	"\x12_remoteJobsAllowed\"\xb5\x01\n" +
 	"\rLoginResponse\x12$\n" +
 	"\rneedsSSOLogin\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\rneedsSSOLogin\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\buserCode\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\buserCode\x12(\n" +
@@ -6123,10 +7181,11 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\buserCode\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\buserCode\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\bhostname\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\bhostname\",\n" +
 	"\x14WaitSSOLoginResponse\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05email\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x05email\"v\n" +
+	"\x05email\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x05email\"\x8c\x01\n" +
 	"\tUpRequest\x12%\n" +
 	"\vprofileName\x18\x01 \x01(\tH\x00R\vprofileName\x88\x01\x01\x12\x1f\n" +
-	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tH\x01R\busername\x88\x01\x01B\x0e\n" +
+	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tH\x01R\busername\x88\x01\x01\x12\x14\n" +
+	"\x05async\x18\x04 \x01(\bR\x05asyncB\x0e\n" +
 	"\f_profileNameB\v\n" +
 	"\t_usernameJ\x04\b\x03\x10\x04\"\f\n" +
 	"\n" +
@@ -6135,18 +7194,19 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x11getFullPeerStatus\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\x11getFullPeerStatus\x12(\n" +
 	"\x0fshouldRunProbes\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\x0fshouldRunProbes\x12'\n" +
 	"\fwaitForReady\x18\x03 \x01(\bH\x00R\fwaitForReady\x88\x01\x01B\x0f\n" +
-	"\r_waitForReady\"\x82\x01\n" +
+	"\r_waitForReady\"\xca\x01\n" +
 	"\x0eStatusResponse\x12\x16\n" +
 	"\x06status\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x06status\x122\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"fullStatus\x18\x02 \x01(\v2\x12.daemon.FullStatusR\n" +
 	"fullStatus\x12$\n" +
-	"\rdaemonVersion\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\rdaemonVersion\"\r\n" +
+	"\rdaemonVersion\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\rdaemonVersion\x12F\n" +
+	"\x10sessionExpiresAt\x18\x04 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\x10sessionExpiresAt\"\r\n" +
 	"\vDownRequest\"\x0e\n" +
 	"\fDownResponse\"P\n" +
 	"\x10GetConfigRequest\x12 \n" +
 	"\vprofileName\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\vprofileName\x12\x1a\n" +
-	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\busername\"\xdb\b\n" +
+	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\busername\"\xd8\t\n" +
 	"\x11GetConfigResponse\x12$\n" +
 	"\rmanagementUrl\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\rmanagementUrl\x12\x1e\n" +
 	"\n" +
@@ -6177,7 +7237,10 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x1cenableSSHLocalPortForwarding\x18\x16 \x01(\bR\x1cenableSSHLocalPortForwarding\x12D\n" +
 	"\x1denableSSHRemotePortForwarding\x18\x17 \x01(\bR\x1denableSSHRemotePortForwarding\x12&\n" +
 	"\x0edisableSSHAuth\x18\x19 \x01(\bR\x0edisableSSHAuth\x12&\n" +
-	"\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x18\x1a \x01(\x05R\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\"\xfe\x05\n" +
+	"\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x18\x1a \x01(\x05R\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x12!\n" +
+	"\fdisable_ipv6\x18\x1b \x01(\bR\vdisableIpv6\x12,\n" +
+	"\x11remoteJobsAllowed\x18\x1d \x01(\bR\x11remoteJobsAllowed\x12*\n" +
+	"\x10mDMManagedFields\x18\x1c \x03(\tR\x10mDMManagedFields\"\x92\x06\n" +
 	"\tPeerState\x12\x0e\n" +
 	"\x02IP\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02IP\x12\x16\n" +
 	"\x06pubKey\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x06pubKey\x12\x1e\n" +
@@ -6201,7 +7264,8 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\frelayAddress\x18\x12 \x01(\tR\frelayAddress\x12\x1e\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"sshHostKey\x18\x13 \x01(\fR\n" +
-	"sshHostKey\"\xf0\x01\n" +
+	"sshHostKey\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04ipv6\x18\x14 \x01(\tR\x04ipv6\"\x9c\x02\n" +
 	"\x0eLocalPeerState\x12\x0e\n" +
 	"\x02IP\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02IP\x12\x16\n" +
 	"\x06pubKey\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x06pubKey\x12(\n" +
@@ -6209,7 +7273,9 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x04fqdn\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\x04fqdn\x12*\n" +
 	"\x10rosenpassEnabled\x18\x05 \x01(\bR\x10rosenpassEnabled\x120\n" +
 	"\x13rosenpassPermissive\x18\x06 \x01(\bR\x13rosenpassPermissive\x12\x1a\n" +
-	"\bnetworks\x18\a \x03(\tR\bnetworks\"S\n" +
+	"\bnetworks\x18\a \x03(\tR\bnetworks\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04ipv6\x18\b \x01(\tR\x04ipv6\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06wgPort\x18\t \x01(\x05R\x06wgPort\"S\n" +
 	"\vSignalState\x12\x10\n" +
 	"\x03URL\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x03URL\x12\x1c\n" +
 	"\tconnected\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\tconnected\x12\x14\n" +
@@ -6217,12 +7283,13 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x0fManagementState\x12\x10\n" +
 	"\x03URL\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x03URL\x12\x1c\n" +
 	"\tconnected\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\tconnected\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05error\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x05error\"R\n" +
+	"\x05error\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x05error\"p\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"RelayState\x12\x10\n" +
 	"\x03URI\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x03URI\x12\x1c\n" +
 	"\tavailable\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\tavailable\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05error\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x05error\"r\n" +
+	"\x05error\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x05error\x12\x1c\n" +
+	"\ttransport\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\ttransport\"r\n" +
 	"\fNSGroupState\x12\x18\n" +
 	"\aservers\x18\x01 \x03(\tR\aservers\x12\x18\n" +
 	"\adomains\x18\x02 \x03(\tR\adomains\x12\x18\n" +
@@ -6236,7 +7303,7 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\fportForwards\x18\x05 \x03(\tR\fportForwards\"^\n" +
 	"\x0eSSHServerState\x12\x18\n" +
 	"\aenabled\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\aenabled\x122\n" +
-	"\bsessions\x18\x02 \x03(\v2\x16.daemon.SSHSessionInfoR\bsessions\"\xaf\x04\n" +
+	"\bsessions\x18\x02 \x03(\v2\x16.daemon.SSHSessionInfoR\bsessions\"\xdb\x04\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"FullStatus\x12A\n" +
 	"\x0fmanagementState\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x17.daemon.ManagementStateR\x0fmanagementState\x125\n" +
@@ -6250,7 +7317,8 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x06events\x18\a \x03(\v2\x13.daemon.SystemEventR\x06events\x124\n" +
 	"\x15lazyConnectionEnabled\x18\t \x01(\bR\x15lazyConnectionEnabled\x12>\n" +
 	"\x0esshServerState\x18\n" +
-	" \x01(\v2\x16.daemon.SSHServerStateR\x0esshServerState\"\x15\n" +
+	" \x01(\v2\x16.daemon.SSHServerStateR\x0esshServerState\x12*\n" +
+	"\x10networksRevision\x18\v \x01(\x04R\x10networksRevision\"\x15\n" +
 	"\x13ListNetworksRequest\"?\n" +
 	"\x14ListNetworksResponse\x12'\n" +
 	"\x06routes\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x0f.daemon.NetworkR\x06routes\"a\n" +
@@ -6286,14 +7354,19 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x12translatedHostname\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\x12translatedHostname\x128\n" +
 	"\x0etranslatedPort\x18\x05 \x01(\v2\x10.daemon.PortInfoR\x0etranslatedPort\"G\n" +
 	"\x17ForwardingRulesResponse\x12,\n" +
-	"\x05rules\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x16.daemon.ForwardingRuleR\x05rules\"\x94\x01\n" +
+	"\x05rules\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x16.daemon.ForwardingRuleR\x05rules\"\x84\x02\n" +
 	"\x12DebugBundleRequest\x12\x1c\n" +
 	"\tanonymize\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\tanonymize\x12\x1e\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"systemInfo\x18\x03 \x01(\bR\n" +
 	"systemInfo\x12\x1c\n" +
 	"\tuploadURL\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\tuploadURL\x12\"\n" +
-	"\flogFileCount\x18\x05 \x01(\rR\flogFileCount\"}\n" +
+	"\flogFileCount\x18\x05 \x01(\rR\flogFileCount\x12\x1e\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"cliVersion\x18\x06 \x01(\tR\n" +
+	"cliVersion\x12&\n" +
+	"\x0euploadInsecure\x18\a \x01(\bR\x0euploadInsecure\x12&\n" +
+	"\x0eanonymizeLevel\x18\b \x01(\tR\x0eanonymizeLevel\"}\n" +
 	"\x13DebugBundleResponse\x12\x12\n" +
 	"\x04path\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04path\x12 \n" +
 	"\vuploadedKey\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\vuploadedKey\x120\n" +
@@ -6303,7 +7376,10 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x05level\x18\x01 \x01(\x0e2\x10.daemon.LogLevelR\x05level\"<\n" +
 	"\x12SetLogLevelRequest\x12&\n" +
 	"\x05level\x18\x01 \x01(\x0e2\x10.daemon.LogLevelR\x05level\"\x15\n" +
-	"\x13SetLogLevelResponse\"\x1b\n" +
+	"\x13SetLogLevelResponse\"*\n" +
+	"\x14RegisterUILogRequest\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04path\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04path\"\x17\n" +
+	"\x15RegisterUILogResponse\"\x1b\n" +
 	"\x05State\x12\x12\n" +
 	"\x04name\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04name\"\x13\n" +
 	"\x11ListStatesRequest\";\n" +
@@ -6389,8 +7465,9 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\vprofileName\x18\x01 \x01(\tH\x00R\vprofileName\x88\x01\x01\x12\x1f\n" +
 	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tH\x01R\busername\x88\x01\x01B\x0e\n" +
 	"\f_profileNameB\v\n" +
-	"\t_username\"\x17\n" +
-	"\x15SwitchProfileResponse\"\xdf\x10\n" +
+	"\t_username\"'\n" +
+	"\x15SwitchProfileResponse\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02id\"\x84\x13\n" +
 	"\x10SetConfigRequest\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\busername\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\busername\x12 \n" +
 	"\vprofileName\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\vprofileName\x12$\n" +
@@ -6429,7 +7506,11 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x1cenableSSHLocalPortForwarding\x18\x1f \x01(\bH\x14R\x1cenableSSHLocalPortForwarding\x88\x01\x01\x12I\n" +
 	"\x1denableSSHRemotePortForwarding\x18  \x01(\bH\x15R\x1denableSSHRemotePortForwarding\x88\x01\x01\x12+\n" +
 	"\x0edisableSSHAuth\x18! \x01(\bH\x16R\x0edisableSSHAuth\x88\x01\x01\x12+\n" +
-	"\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x18\" \x01(\x05H\x17R\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x88\x01\x01B\x13\n" +
+	"\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x18\" \x01(\x05H\x17R\x0esshJWTCacheTTL\x88\x01\x01\x12&\n" +
+	"\fdisable_ipv6\x18# \x01(\bH\x18R\vdisableIpv6\x88\x01\x01\x125\n" +
+	"\x14enable_local_metrics\x18$ \x01(\bH\x19R\x12enableLocalMetrics\x88\x01\x01\x127\n" +
+	"\x15local_metrics_address\x18% \x01(\tH\x1aR\x13localMetricsAddress\x88\x01\x01\x121\n" +
+	"\x11remoteJobsAllowed\x18& \x01(\bH\x1bR\x11remoteJobsAllowed\x88\x01\x01B\x13\n" +
 	"\x11_rosenpassEnabledB\x10\n" +
 	"\x0e_interfaceNameB\x10\n" +
 	"\x0e_wireguardPortB\x17\n" +
@@ -6453,38 +7534,58 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x1d_enableSSHLocalPortForwardingB \n" +
 	"\x1e_enableSSHRemotePortForwardingB\x11\n" +
 	"\x0f_disableSSHAuthB\x11\n" +
-	"\x0f_sshJWTCacheTTL\"\x13\n" +
+	"\x0f_sshJWTCacheTTLB\x0f\n" +
+	"\r_disable_ipv6B\x17\n" +
+	"\x15_enable_local_metricsB\x18\n" +
+	"\x16_local_metrics_addressB\x14\n" +
+	"\x12_remoteJobsAllowed\"\x13\n" +
 	"\x11SetConfigResponse\"Q\n" +
 	"\x11AddProfileRequest\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\busername\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\busername\x12 \n" +
-	"\vprofileName\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\vprofileName\"\x14\n" +
-	"\x12AddProfileResponse\"T\n" +
+	"\vprofileName\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\vprofileName\"$\n" +
+	"\x12AddProfileResponse\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02id\"r\n" +
+	"\x14RenameProfileRequest\x12\x1a\n" +
+	"\busername\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\busername\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06handle\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x06handle\x12&\n" +
+	"\x0enewProfileName\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x0enewProfileName\"?\n" +
+	"\x15RenameProfileResponse\x12&\n" +
+	"\x0eoldProfileName\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x0eoldProfileName\"T\n" +
 	"\x14RemoveProfileRequest\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\busername\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\busername\x12 \n" +
-	"\vprofileName\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\vprofileName\"\x17\n" +
-	"\x15RemoveProfileResponse\"1\n" +
+	"\vprofileName\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\vprofileName\"'\n" +
+	"\x15RemoveProfileResponse\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x02id\"1\n" +
 	"\x13ListProfilesRequest\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\busername\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\busername\"C\n" +
 	"\x14ListProfilesResponse\x12+\n" +
-	"\bprofiles\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x0f.daemon.ProfileR\bprofiles\":\n" +
+	"\bprofiles\x18\x01 \x03(\v2\x0f.daemon.ProfileR\bprofiles\"J\n" +
 	"\aProfile\x12\x12\n" +
 	"\x04name\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x04name\x12\x1b\n" +
-	"\tis_active\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\bisActive\"\x19\n" +
-	"\x17GetActiveProfileRequest\"X\n" +
+	"\tis_active\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\bisActive\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x02id\"\x19\n" +
+	"\x17GetActiveProfileRequest\"h\n" +
 	"\x18GetActiveProfileResponse\x12 \n" +
 	"\vprofileName\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\vprofileName\x12\x1a\n" +
-	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\busername\"t\n" +
+	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\busername\x12\x0e\n" +
+	"\x02id\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x02id\"t\n" +
 	"\rLogoutRequest\x12%\n" +
 	"\vprofileName\x18\x01 \x01(\tH\x00R\vprofileName\x88\x01\x01\x12\x1f\n" +
 	"\busername\x18\x02 \x01(\tH\x01R\busername\x88\x01\x01B\x0e\n" +
 	"\f_profileNameB\v\n" +
 	"\t_username\"\x10\n" +
-	"\x0eLogoutResponse\"\x14\n" +
-	"\x12GetFeaturesRequest\"\xa3\x01\n" +
+	"\x0eLogoutResponse\"\x15\n" +
+	"\x13WailsUIReadyRequest\"\x16\n" +
+	"\x14WailsUIReadyResponse\"\x14\n" +
+	"\x12GetFeaturesRequest\"\xf6\x01\n" +
 	"\x13GetFeaturesResponse\x12)\n" +
 	"\x10disable_profiles\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\x0fdisableProfiles\x126\n" +
 	"\x17disable_update_settings\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\x15disableUpdateSettings\x12)\n" +
-	"\x10disable_networks\x18\x03 \x01(\bR\x0fdisableNetworks\"\x16\n" +
+	"\x10disable_networks\x18\x03 \x01(\bR\x0fdisableNetworks\x127\n" +
+	"\x15disable_advanced_view\x18\x04 \x01(\bH\x00R\x13disableAdvancedView\x88\x01\x01B\x18\n" +
+	"\x16_disable_advanced_view\"3\n" +
+	"\x19MDMManagedFieldsViolation\x12\x16\n" +
+	"\x06fields\x18\x01 \x03(\tR\x06fields\"\x16\n" +
 	"\x14TriggerUpdateRequest\"M\n" +
 	"\x15TriggerUpdateResponse\x12\x18\n" +
 	"\asuccess\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\asuccess\x12\x1a\n" +
@@ -6497,9 +7598,10 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"sshHostKey\x12\x16\n" +
 	"\x06peerIP\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x06peerIP\x12\x1a\n" +
 	"\bpeerFQDN\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\bpeerFQDN\x12\x14\n" +
-	"\x05found\x18\x04 \x01(\bR\x05found\"9\n" +
+	"\x05found\x18\x04 \x01(\bR\x05found\"k\n" +
 	"\x15RequestJWTAuthRequest\x12\x17\n" +
-	"\x04hint\x18\x01 \x01(\tH\x00R\x04hint\x88\x01\x01B\a\n" +
+	"\x04hint\x18\x01 \x01(\tH\x00R\x04hint\x88\x01\x01\x120\n" +
+	"\x13hasGraphicalSession\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\x13hasGraphicalSessionB\a\n" +
 	"\x05_hint\"\x9a\x02\n" +
 	"\x16RequestJWTAuthResponse\x12(\n" +
 	"\x0fverificationURI\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x0fverificationURI\x128\n" +
@@ -6519,7 +7621,28 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\x14WaitJWTTokenResponse\x12\x14\n" +
 	"\x05token\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x05token\x12\x1c\n" +
 	"\ttokenType\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\ttokenType\x12\x1c\n" +
-	"\texpiresIn\x18\x03 \x01(\x03R\texpiresIn\"\x18\n" +
+	"\texpiresIn\x18\x03 \x01(\x03R\texpiresIn\"u\n" +
+	"\x1fRequestExtendAuthSessionRequest\x12\x17\n" +
+	"\x04hint\x18\x01 \x01(\tH\x00R\x04hint\x88\x01\x01\x120\n" +
+	"\x13hasGraphicalSession\x18\x02 \x01(\bR\x13hasGraphicalSessionB\a\n" +
+	"\x05_hint\"\xe0\x01\n" +
+	" RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse\x12(\n" +
+	"\x0fverificationURI\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\x0fverificationURI\x128\n" +
+	"\x17verificationURIComplete\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\x17verificationURIComplete\x12\x1a\n" +
+	"\buserCode\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\buserCode\x12\x1e\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"deviceCode\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\n" +
+	"deviceCode\x12\x1c\n" +
+	"\texpiresIn\x18\x05 \x01(\x03R\texpiresIn\"Z\n" +
+	"\x1cWaitExtendAuthSessionRequest\x12\x1e\n" +
+	"\n" +
+	"deviceCode\x18\x01 \x01(\tR\n" +
+	"deviceCode\x12\x1a\n" +
+	"\buserCode\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\buserCode\"g\n" +
+	"\x1dWaitExtendAuthSessionResponse\x12F\n" +
+	"\x10sessionExpiresAt\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x1a.google.protobuf.TimestampR\x10sessionExpiresAt\"\x1e\n" +
+	"\x1cDismissSessionWarningRequest\"\x1f\n" +
+	"\x1dDismissSessionWarningResponse\"\x18\n" +
 	"\x16StartCPUProfileRequest\"\x19\n" +
 	"\x17StartCPUProfileResponse\"\x17\n" +
 	"\x15StopCPUProfileRequest\"\x18\n" +
@@ -6548,7 +7671,23 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\vservice_url\x18\x02 \x01(\tR\n" +
 	"serviceUrl\x12\x16\n" +
 	"\x06domain\x18\x03 \x01(\tR\x06domain\x12,\n" +
-	"\x12port_auto_assigned\x18\x04 \x01(\bR\x10portAutoAssigned*b\n" +
+	"\x12port_auto_assigned\x18\x04 \x01(\bR\x10portAutoAssigned\"\xd9\x01\n" +
+	"\x13StartCaptureRequest\x12\x1f\n" +
+	"\vtext_output\x18\x01 \x01(\bR\n" +
+	"textOutput\x12\x19\n" +
+	"\bsnap_len\x18\x02 \x01(\rR\asnapLen\x125\n" +
+	"\bduration\x18\x03 \x01(\v2\x19.google.protobuf.DurationR\bduration\x12\x1f\n" +
+	"\vfilter_expr\x18\x04 \x01(\tR\n" +
+	"filterExpr\x12\x18\n" +
+	"\averbose\x18\x05 \x01(\bR\averbose\x12\x14\n" +
+	"\x05ascii\x18\x06 \x01(\bR\x05ascii\"#\n" +
+	"\rCapturePacket\x12\x12\n" +
+	"\x04data\x18\x01 \x01(\fR\x04data\"P\n" +
+	"\x19StartBundleCaptureRequest\x123\n" +
+	"\atimeout\x18\x01 \x01(\v2\x19.google.protobuf.DurationR\atimeout\"\x1c\n" +
+	"\x1aStartBundleCaptureResponse\"\x1a\n" +
+	"\x18StopBundleCaptureRequest\"\x1b\n" +
+	"\x19StopBundleCaptureResponse*b\n" +
 	"\bLogLevel\x12\v\n" +
 	"\aUNKNOWN\x10\x00\x12\t\n" +
 	"\x05PANIC\x10\x01\x12\t\n" +
@@ -6566,12 +7705,13 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\n" +
 	"EXPOSE_UDP\x10\x03\x12\x0e\n" +
 	"\n" +
-	"EXPOSE_TLS\x10\x042\xfc\x15\n" +
+	"EXPOSE_TLS\x10\x042\xa3\x1c\n" +
 	"\rDaemonService\x126\n" +
 	"\x05Login\x12\x14.daemon.LoginRequest\x1a\x15.daemon.LoginResponse\"\x00\x12K\n" +
 	"\fWaitSSOLogin\x12\x1b.daemon.WaitSSOLoginRequest\x1a\x1c.daemon.WaitSSOLoginResponse\"\x00\x12-\n" +
 	"\x02Up\x12\x11.daemon.UpRequest\x1a\x12.daemon.UpResponse\"\x00\x129\n" +
-	"\x06Status\x12\x15.daemon.StatusRequest\x1a\x16.daemon.StatusResponse\"\x00\x123\n" +
+	"\x06Status\x12\x15.daemon.StatusRequest\x1a\x16.daemon.StatusResponse\"\x00\x12D\n" +
+	"\x0fSubscribeStatus\x12\x15.daemon.StatusRequest\x1a\x16.daemon.StatusResponse\"\x000\x01\x123\n" +
 	"\x04Down\x12\x13.daemon.DownRequest\x1a\x14.daemon.DownResponse\"\x00\x12B\n" +
 	"\tGetConfig\x12\x18.daemon.GetConfigRequest\x1a\x19.daemon.GetConfigResponse\"\x00\x12K\n" +
 	"\fListNetworks\x12\x1b.daemon.ListNetworksRequest\x1a\x1c.daemon.ListNetworksResponse\"\x00\x12Q\n" +
@@ -6587,13 +7727,18 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"CleanState\x12\x19.daemon.CleanStateRequest\x1a\x1a.daemon.CleanStateResponse\"\x00\x12H\n" +
 	"\vDeleteState\x12\x1a.daemon.DeleteStateRequest\x1a\x1b.daemon.DeleteStateResponse\"\x00\x12u\n" +
 	"\x1aSetSyncResponsePersistence\x12).daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest\x1a*.daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse\"\x00\x12H\n" +
-	"\vTracePacket\x12\x1a.daemon.TracePacketRequest\x1a\x1b.daemon.TracePacketResponse\"\x00\x12D\n" +
+	"\vTracePacket\x12\x1a.daemon.TracePacketRequest\x1a\x1b.daemon.TracePacketResponse\"\x00\x12F\n" +
+	"\fStartCapture\x12\x1b.daemon.StartCaptureRequest\x1a\x15.daemon.CapturePacket\"\x000\x01\x12]\n" +
+	"\x12StartBundleCapture\x12!.daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest\x1a\".daemon.StartBundleCaptureResponse\"\x00\x12Z\n" +
+	"\x11StopBundleCapture\x12 .daemon.StopBundleCaptureRequest\x1a!.daemon.StopBundleCaptureResponse\"\x00\x12D\n" +
 	"\x0fSubscribeEvents\x12\x18.daemon.SubscribeRequest\x1a\x13.daemon.SystemEvent\"\x000\x01\x12B\n" +
 	"\tGetEvents\x12\x18.daemon.GetEventsRequest\x1a\x19.daemon.GetEventsResponse\"\x00\x12N\n" +
+	"\rRegisterUILog\x12\x1c.daemon.RegisterUILogRequest\x1a\x1d.daemon.RegisterUILogResponse\"\x00\x12N\n" +
 	"\rSwitchProfile\x12\x1c.daemon.SwitchProfileRequest\x1a\x1d.daemon.SwitchProfileResponse\"\x00\x12B\n" +
 	"\tSetConfig\x12\x18.daemon.SetConfigRequest\x1a\x19.daemon.SetConfigResponse\"\x00\x12E\n" +
 	"\n" +
 	"AddProfile\x12\x19.daemon.AddProfileRequest\x1a\x1a.daemon.AddProfileResponse\"\x00\x12N\n" +
+	"\rRenameProfile\x12\x1c.daemon.RenameProfileRequest\x1a\x1d.daemon.RenameProfileResponse\"\x00\x12N\n" +
 	"\rRemoveProfile\x12\x1c.daemon.RemoveProfileRequest\x1a\x1d.daemon.RemoveProfileResponse\"\x00\x12K\n" +
 	"\fListProfiles\x12\x1b.daemon.ListProfilesRequest\x1a\x1c.daemon.ListProfilesResponse\"\x00\x12W\n" +
 	"\x10GetActiveProfile\x12\x1f.daemon.GetActiveProfileRequest\x1a .daemon.GetActiveProfileResponse\"\x00\x129\n" +
@@ -6602,12 +7747,15 @@ const file_daemon_proto_rawDesc = "" +
 	"\rTriggerUpdate\x12\x1c.daemon.TriggerUpdateRequest\x1a\x1d.daemon.TriggerUpdateResponse\"\x00\x12Z\n" +
 	"\x11GetPeerSSHHostKey\x12 .daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest\x1a!.daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse\"\x00\x12Q\n" +
 	"\x0eRequestJWTAuth\x12\x1d.daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest\x1a\x1e.daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse\"\x00\x12K\n" +
-	"\fWaitJWTToken\x12\x1b.daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest\x1a\x1c.daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse\"\x00\x12T\n" +
+	"\fWaitJWTToken\x12\x1b.daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest\x1a\x1c.daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse\"\x00\x12o\n" +
+	"\x18RequestExtendAuthSession\x12'.daemon.RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest\x1a(.daemon.RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse\"\x00\x12f\n" +
+	"\x15WaitExtendAuthSession\x12$.daemon.WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest\x1a%.daemon.WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse\"\x00\x12f\n" +
+	"\x15DismissSessionWarning\x12$.daemon.DismissSessionWarningRequest\x1a%.daemon.DismissSessionWarningResponse\"\x00\x12T\n" +
 	"\x0fStartCPUProfile\x12\x1e.daemon.StartCPUProfileRequest\x1a\x1f.daemon.StartCPUProfileResponse\"\x00\x12Q\n" +
-	"\x0eStopCPUProfile\x12\x1d.daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest\x1a\x1e.daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse\"\x00\x12N\n" +
-	"\x11NotifyOSLifecycle\x12\x1a.daemon.OSLifecycleRequest\x1a\x1b.daemon.OSLifecycleResponse\"\x00\x12W\n" +
+	"\x0eStopCPUProfile\x12\x1d.daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest\x1a\x1e.daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse\"\x00\x12W\n" +
 	"\x12GetInstallerResult\x12\x1e.daemon.InstallerResultRequest\x1a\x1f.daemon.InstallerResultResponse\"\x00\x12M\n" +
-	"\rExposeService\x12\x1c.daemon.ExposeServiceRequest\x1a\x1a.daemon.ExposeServiceEvent\"\x000\x01B\bZ\x06/protob\x06proto3"
+	"\rExposeService\x12\x1c.daemon.ExposeServiceRequest\x1a\x1a.daemon.ExposeServiceEvent\"\x000\x01\x12K\n" +
+	"\fWailsUIReady\x12\x1b.daemon.WailsUIReadyRequest\x1a\x1c.daemon.WailsUIReadyResponse\"\x00B\bZ\x06/protob\x06proto3"
 
 var (
 	file_daemon_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
@@ -6621,226 +7769,263 @@ func file_daemon_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	return file_daemon_proto_rawDescData
 }
 
-var file_daemon_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 5)
-var file_daemon_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 93)
+var file_daemon_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 4)
+var file_daemon_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 110)
 var file_daemon_proto_goTypes = []any{
 	(LogLevel)(0),                              // 0: daemon.LogLevel
 	(ExposeProtocol)(0),                        // 1: daemon.ExposeProtocol
-	(OSLifecycleRequest_CycleType)(0),          // 2: daemon.OSLifecycleRequest.CycleType
-	(SystemEvent_Severity)(0),                  // 3: daemon.SystemEvent.Severity
-	(SystemEvent_Category)(0),                  // 4: daemon.SystemEvent.Category
-	(*EmptyRequest)(nil),                       // 5: daemon.EmptyRequest
-	(*OSLifecycleRequest)(nil),                 // 6: daemon.OSLifecycleRequest
-	(*OSLifecycleResponse)(nil),                // 7: daemon.OSLifecycleResponse
-	(*LoginRequest)(nil),                       // 8: daemon.LoginRequest
-	(*LoginResponse)(nil),                      // 9: daemon.LoginResponse
-	(*WaitSSOLoginRequest)(nil),                // 10: daemon.WaitSSOLoginRequest
-	(*WaitSSOLoginResponse)(nil),               // 11: daemon.WaitSSOLoginResponse
-	(*UpRequest)(nil),                          // 12: daemon.UpRequest
-	(*UpResponse)(nil),                         // 13: daemon.UpResponse
-	(*StatusRequest)(nil),                      // 14: daemon.StatusRequest
-	(*StatusResponse)(nil),                     // 15: daemon.StatusResponse
-	(*DownRequest)(nil),                        // 16: daemon.DownRequest
-	(*DownResponse)(nil),                       // 17: daemon.DownResponse
-	(*GetConfigRequest)(nil),                   // 18: daemon.GetConfigRequest
-	(*GetConfigResponse)(nil),                  // 19: daemon.GetConfigResponse
-	(*PeerState)(nil),                          // 20: daemon.PeerState
-	(*LocalPeerState)(nil),                     // 21: daemon.LocalPeerState
-	(*SignalState)(nil),                        // 22: daemon.SignalState
-	(*ManagementState)(nil),                    // 23: daemon.ManagementState
-	(*RelayState)(nil),                         // 24: daemon.RelayState
-	(*NSGroupState)(nil),                       // 25: daemon.NSGroupState
-	(*SSHSessionInfo)(nil),                     // 26: daemon.SSHSessionInfo
-	(*SSHServerState)(nil),                     // 27: daemon.SSHServerState
-	(*FullStatus)(nil),                         // 28: daemon.FullStatus
-	(*ListNetworksRequest)(nil),                // 29: daemon.ListNetworksRequest
-	(*ListNetworksResponse)(nil),               // 30: daemon.ListNetworksResponse
-	(*SelectNetworksRequest)(nil),              // 31: daemon.SelectNetworksRequest
-	(*SelectNetworksResponse)(nil),             // 32: daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
-	(*IPList)(nil),                             // 33: daemon.IPList
-	(*Network)(nil),                            // 34: daemon.Network
-	(*PortInfo)(nil),                           // 35: daemon.PortInfo
-	(*ForwardingRule)(nil),                     // 36: daemon.ForwardingRule
-	(*ForwardingRulesResponse)(nil),            // 37: daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse
-	(*DebugBundleRequest)(nil),                 // 38: daemon.DebugBundleRequest
-	(*DebugBundleResponse)(nil),                // 39: daemon.DebugBundleResponse
-	(*GetLogLevelRequest)(nil),                 // 40: daemon.GetLogLevelRequest
-	(*GetLogLevelResponse)(nil),                // 41: daemon.GetLogLevelResponse
-	(*SetLogLevelRequest)(nil),                 // 42: daemon.SetLogLevelRequest
-	(*SetLogLevelResponse)(nil),                // 43: daemon.SetLogLevelResponse
-	(*State)(nil),                              // 44: daemon.State
-	(*ListStatesRequest)(nil),                  // 45: daemon.ListStatesRequest
-	(*ListStatesResponse)(nil),                 // 46: daemon.ListStatesResponse
-	(*CleanStateRequest)(nil),                  // 47: daemon.CleanStateRequest
-	(*CleanStateResponse)(nil),                 // 48: daemon.CleanStateResponse
-	(*DeleteStateRequest)(nil),                 // 49: daemon.DeleteStateRequest
-	(*DeleteStateResponse)(nil),                // 50: daemon.DeleteStateResponse
-	(*SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest)(nil),  // 51: daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest
-	(*SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse)(nil), // 52: daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse
-	(*TCPFlags)(nil),                           // 53: daemon.TCPFlags
-	(*TracePacketRequest)(nil),                 // 54: daemon.TracePacketRequest
-	(*TraceStage)(nil),                         // 55: daemon.TraceStage
-	(*TracePacketResponse)(nil),                // 56: daemon.TracePacketResponse
-	(*SubscribeRequest)(nil),                   // 57: daemon.SubscribeRequest
-	(*SystemEvent)(nil),                        // 58: daemon.SystemEvent
-	(*GetEventsRequest)(nil),                   // 59: daemon.GetEventsRequest
-	(*GetEventsResponse)(nil),                  // 60: daemon.GetEventsResponse
-	(*SwitchProfileRequest)(nil),               // 61: daemon.SwitchProfileRequest
-	(*SwitchProfileResponse)(nil),              // 62: daemon.SwitchProfileResponse
-	(*SetConfigRequest)(nil),                   // 63: daemon.SetConfigRequest
-	(*SetConfigResponse)(nil),                  // 64: daemon.SetConfigResponse
-	(*AddProfileRequest)(nil),                  // 65: daemon.AddProfileRequest
-	(*AddProfileResponse)(nil),                 // 66: daemon.AddProfileResponse
-	(*RemoveProfileRequest)(nil),               // 67: daemon.RemoveProfileRequest
-	(*RemoveProfileResponse)(nil),              // 68: daemon.RemoveProfileResponse
-	(*ListProfilesRequest)(nil),                // 69: daemon.ListProfilesRequest
-	(*ListProfilesResponse)(nil),               // 70: daemon.ListProfilesResponse
-	(*Profile)(nil),                            // 71: daemon.Profile
-	(*GetActiveProfileRequest)(nil),            // 72: daemon.GetActiveProfileRequest
-	(*GetActiveProfileResponse)(nil),           // 73: daemon.GetActiveProfileResponse
-	(*LogoutRequest)(nil),                      // 74: daemon.LogoutRequest
-	(*LogoutResponse)(nil),                     // 75: daemon.LogoutResponse
-	(*GetFeaturesRequest)(nil),                 // 76: daemon.GetFeaturesRequest
-	(*GetFeaturesResponse)(nil),                // 77: daemon.GetFeaturesResponse
-	(*TriggerUpdateRequest)(nil),               // 78: daemon.TriggerUpdateRequest
-	(*TriggerUpdateResponse)(nil),              // 79: daemon.TriggerUpdateResponse
-	(*GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest)(nil),           // 80: daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
-	(*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse)(nil),          // 81: daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
-	(*RequestJWTAuthRequest)(nil),              // 82: daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest
-	(*RequestJWTAuthResponse)(nil),             // 83: daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
-	(*WaitJWTTokenRequest)(nil),                // 84: daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
-	(*WaitJWTTokenResponse)(nil),               // 85: daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
-	(*StartCPUProfileRequest)(nil),             // 86: daemon.StartCPUProfileRequest
-	(*StartCPUProfileResponse)(nil),            // 87: daemon.StartCPUProfileResponse
-	(*StopCPUProfileRequest)(nil),              // 88: daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest
-	(*StopCPUProfileResponse)(nil),             // 89: daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse
-	(*InstallerResultRequest)(nil),             // 90: daemon.InstallerResultRequest
-	(*InstallerResultResponse)(nil),            // 91: daemon.InstallerResultResponse
-	(*ExposeServiceRequest)(nil),               // 92: daemon.ExposeServiceRequest
-	(*ExposeServiceEvent)(nil),                 // 93: daemon.ExposeServiceEvent
-	(*ExposeServiceReady)(nil),                 // 94: daemon.ExposeServiceReady
-	nil,                                        // 95: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
-	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                     // 96: daemon.PortInfo.Range
-	nil,                                        // 97: daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
-	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),                // 98: google.protobuf.Duration
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),              // 99: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(SystemEvent_Severity)(0),                  // 2: daemon.SystemEvent.Severity
+	(SystemEvent_Category)(0),                  // 3: daemon.SystemEvent.Category
+	(*EmptyRequest)(nil),                       // 4: daemon.EmptyRequest
+	(*LoginRequest)(nil),                       // 5: daemon.LoginRequest
+	(*LoginResponse)(nil),                      // 6: daemon.LoginResponse
+	(*WaitSSOLoginRequest)(nil),                // 7: daemon.WaitSSOLoginRequest
+	(*WaitSSOLoginResponse)(nil),               // 8: daemon.WaitSSOLoginResponse
+	(*UpRequest)(nil),                          // 9: daemon.UpRequest
+	(*UpResponse)(nil),                         // 10: daemon.UpResponse
+	(*StatusRequest)(nil),                      // 11: daemon.StatusRequest
+	(*StatusResponse)(nil),                     // 12: daemon.StatusResponse
+	(*DownRequest)(nil),                        // 13: daemon.DownRequest
+	(*DownResponse)(nil),                       // 14: daemon.DownResponse
+	(*GetConfigRequest)(nil),                   // 15: daemon.GetConfigRequest
+	(*GetConfigResponse)(nil),                  // 16: daemon.GetConfigResponse
+	(*PeerState)(nil),                          // 17: daemon.PeerState
+	(*LocalPeerState)(nil),                     // 18: daemon.LocalPeerState
+	(*SignalState)(nil),                        // 19: daemon.SignalState
+	(*ManagementState)(nil),                    // 20: daemon.ManagementState
+	(*RelayState)(nil),                         // 21: daemon.RelayState
+	(*NSGroupState)(nil),                       // 22: daemon.NSGroupState
+	(*SSHSessionInfo)(nil),                     // 23: daemon.SSHSessionInfo
+	(*SSHServerState)(nil),                     // 24: daemon.SSHServerState
+	(*FullStatus)(nil),                         // 25: daemon.FullStatus
+	(*ListNetworksRequest)(nil),                // 26: daemon.ListNetworksRequest
+	(*ListNetworksResponse)(nil),               // 27: daemon.ListNetworksResponse
+	(*SelectNetworksRequest)(nil),              // 28: daemon.SelectNetworksRequest
+	(*SelectNetworksResponse)(nil),             // 29: daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
+	(*IPList)(nil),                             // 30: daemon.IPList
+	(*Network)(nil),                            // 31: daemon.Network
+	(*PortInfo)(nil),                           // 32: daemon.PortInfo
+	(*ForwardingRule)(nil),                     // 33: daemon.ForwardingRule
+	(*ForwardingRulesResponse)(nil),            // 34: daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse
+	(*DebugBundleRequest)(nil),                 // 35: daemon.DebugBundleRequest
+	(*DebugBundleResponse)(nil),                // 36: daemon.DebugBundleResponse
+	(*GetLogLevelRequest)(nil),                 // 37: daemon.GetLogLevelRequest
+	(*GetLogLevelResponse)(nil),                // 38: daemon.GetLogLevelResponse
+	(*SetLogLevelRequest)(nil),                 // 39: daemon.SetLogLevelRequest
+	(*SetLogLevelResponse)(nil),                // 40: daemon.SetLogLevelResponse
+	(*RegisterUILogRequest)(nil),               // 41: daemon.RegisterUILogRequest
+	(*RegisterUILogResponse)(nil),              // 42: daemon.RegisterUILogResponse
+	(*State)(nil),                              // 43: daemon.State
+	(*ListStatesRequest)(nil),                  // 44: daemon.ListStatesRequest
+	(*ListStatesResponse)(nil),                 // 45: daemon.ListStatesResponse
+	(*CleanStateRequest)(nil),                  // 46: daemon.CleanStateRequest
+	(*CleanStateResponse)(nil),                 // 47: daemon.CleanStateResponse
+	(*DeleteStateRequest)(nil),                 // 48: daemon.DeleteStateRequest
+	(*DeleteStateResponse)(nil),                // 49: daemon.DeleteStateResponse
+	(*SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest)(nil),  // 50: daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest
+	(*SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse)(nil), // 51: daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse
+	(*TCPFlags)(nil),                           // 52: daemon.TCPFlags
+	(*TracePacketRequest)(nil),                 // 53: daemon.TracePacketRequest
+	(*TraceStage)(nil),                         // 54: daemon.TraceStage
+	(*TracePacketResponse)(nil),                // 55: daemon.TracePacketResponse
+	(*SubscribeRequest)(nil),                   // 56: daemon.SubscribeRequest
+	(*SystemEvent)(nil),                        // 57: daemon.SystemEvent
+	(*GetEventsRequest)(nil),                   // 58: daemon.GetEventsRequest
+	(*GetEventsResponse)(nil),                  // 59: daemon.GetEventsResponse
+	(*SwitchProfileRequest)(nil),               // 60: daemon.SwitchProfileRequest
+	(*SwitchProfileResponse)(nil),              // 61: daemon.SwitchProfileResponse
+	(*SetConfigRequest)(nil),                   // 62: daemon.SetConfigRequest
+	(*SetConfigResponse)(nil),                  // 63: daemon.SetConfigResponse
+	(*AddProfileRequest)(nil),                  // 64: daemon.AddProfileRequest
+	(*AddProfileResponse)(nil),                 // 65: daemon.AddProfileResponse
+	(*RenameProfileRequest)(nil),               // 66: daemon.RenameProfileRequest
+	(*RenameProfileResponse)(nil),              // 67: daemon.RenameProfileResponse
+	(*RemoveProfileRequest)(nil),               // 68: daemon.RemoveProfileRequest
+	(*RemoveProfileResponse)(nil),              // 69: daemon.RemoveProfileResponse
+	(*ListProfilesRequest)(nil),                // 70: daemon.ListProfilesRequest
+	(*ListProfilesResponse)(nil),               // 71: daemon.ListProfilesResponse
+	(*Profile)(nil),                            // 72: daemon.Profile
+	(*GetActiveProfileRequest)(nil),            // 73: daemon.GetActiveProfileRequest
+	(*GetActiveProfileResponse)(nil),           // 74: daemon.GetActiveProfileResponse
+	(*LogoutRequest)(nil),                      // 75: daemon.LogoutRequest
+	(*LogoutResponse)(nil),                     // 76: daemon.LogoutResponse
+	(*WailsUIReadyRequest)(nil),                // 77: daemon.WailsUIReadyRequest
+	(*WailsUIReadyResponse)(nil),               // 78: daemon.WailsUIReadyResponse
+	(*GetFeaturesRequest)(nil),                 // 79: daemon.GetFeaturesRequest
+	(*GetFeaturesResponse)(nil),                // 80: daemon.GetFeaturesResponse
+	(*MDMManagedFieldsViolation)(nil),          // 81: daemon.MDMManagedFieldsViolation
+	(*TriggerUpdateRequest)(nil),               // 82: daemon.TriggerUpdateRequest
+	(*TriggerUpdateResponse)(nil),              // 83: daemon.TriggerUpdateResponse
+	(*GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest)(nil),           // 84: daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
+	(*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse)(nil),          // 85: daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
+	(*RequestJWTAuthRequest)(nil),              // 86: daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest
+	(*RequestJWTAuthResponse)(nil),             // 87: daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
+	(*WaitJWTTokenRequest)(nil),                // 88: daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
+	(*WaitJWTTokenResponse)(nil),               // 89: daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
+	(*RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest)(nil),    // 90: daemon.RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest
+	(*RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse)(nil),   // 91: daemon.RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse
+	(*WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest)(nil),       // 92: daemon.WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest
+	(*WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse)(nil),      // 93: daemon.WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse
+	(*DismissSessionWarningRequest)(nil),       // 94: daemon.DismissSessionWarningRequest
+	(*DismissSessionWarningResponse)(nil),      // 95: daemon.DismissSessionWarningResponse
+	(*StartCPUProfileRequest)(nil),             // 96: daemon.StartCPUProfileRequest
+	(*StartCPUProfileResponse)(nil),            // 97: daemon.StartCPUProfileResponse
+	(*StopCPUProfileRequest)(nil),              // 98: daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest
+	(*StopCPUProfileResponse)(nil),             // 99: daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse
+	(*InstallerResultRequest)(nil),             // 100: daemon.InstallerResultRequest
+	(*InstallerResultResponse)(nil),            // 101: daemon.InstallerResultResponse
+	(*ExposeServiceRequest)(nil),               // 102: daemon.ExposeServiceRequest
+	(*ExposeServiceEvent)(nil),                 // 103: daemon.ExposeServiceEvent
+	(*ExposeServiceReady)(nil),                 // 104: daemon.ExposeServiceReady
+	(*StartCaptureRequest)(nil),                // 105: daemon.StartCaptureRequest
+	(*CapturePacket)(nil),                      // 106: daemon.CapturePacket
+	(*StartBundleCaptureRequest)(nil),          // 107: daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest
+	(*StartBundleCaptureResponse)(nil),         // 108: daemon.StartBundleCaptureResponse
+	(*StopBundleCaptureRequest)(nil),           // 109: daemon.StopBundleCaptureRequest
+	(*StopBundleCaptureResponse)(nil),          // 110: daemon.StopBundleCaptureResponse
+	nil,                                        // 111: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
+	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                     // 112: daemon.PortInfo.Range
+	nil,                                        // 113: daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
+	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),                // 114: google.protobuf.Duration
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),              // 115: google.protobuf.Timestamp
 }
 var file_daemon_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	2,  // 0: daemon.OSLifecycleRequest.type:type_name -> daemon.OSLifecycleRequest.CycleType
-	98, // 1: daemon.LoginRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
-	28, // 2: daemon.StatusResponse.fullStatus:type_name -> daemon.FullStatus
-	99, // 3: daemon.PeerState.connStatusUpdate:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	99, // 4: daemon.PeerState.lastWireguardHandshake:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	98, // 5: daemon.PeerState.latency:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
-	26, // 6: daemon.SSHServerState.sessions:type_name -> daemon.SSHSessionInfo
-	23, // 7: daemon.FullStatus.managementState:type_name -> daemon.ManagementState
-	22, // 8: daemon.FullStatus.signalState:type_name -> daemon.SignalState
-	21, // 9: daemon.FullStatus.localPeerState:type_name -> daemon.LocalPeerState
-	20, // 10: daemon.FullStatus.peers:type_name -> daemon.PeerState
-	24, // 11: daemon.FullStatus.relays:type_name -> daemon.RelayState
-	25, // 12: daemon.FullStatus.dns_servers:type_name -> daemon.NSGroupState
-	58, // 13: daemon.FullStatus.events:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent
-	27, // 14: daemon.FullStatus.sshServerState:type_name -> daemon.SSHServerState
-	34, // 15: daemon.ListNetworksResponse.routes:type_name -> daemon.Network
-	95, // 16: daemon.Network.resolvedIPs:type_name -> daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
-	96, // 17: daemon.PortInfo.range:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo.Range
-	35, // 18: daemon.ForwardingRule.destinationPort:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo
-	35, // 19: daemon.ForwardingRule.translatedPort:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo
-	36, // 20: daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse.rules:type_name -> daemon.ForwardingRule
-	0,  // 21: daemon.GetLogLevelResponse.level:type_name -> daemon.LogLevel
-	0,  // 22: daemon.SetLogLevelRequest.level:type_name -> daemon.LogLevel
-	44, // 23: daemon.ListStatesResponse.states:type_name -> daemon.State
-	53, // 24: daemon.TracePacketRequest.tcp_flags:type_name -> daemon.TCPFlags
-	55, // 25: daemon.TracePacketResponse.stages:type_name -> daemon.TraceStage
-	3,  // 26: daemon.SystemEvent.severity:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.Severity
-	4,  // 27: daemon.SystemEvent.category:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.Category
-	99, // 28: daemon.SystemEvent.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	97, // 29: daemon.SystemEvent.metadata:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
-	58, // 30: daemon.GetEventsResponse.events:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent
-	98, // 31: daemon.SetConfigRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
-	71, // 32: daemon.ListProfilesResponse.profiles:type_name -> daemon.Profile
-	1,  // 33: daemon.ExposeServiceRequest.protocol:type_name -> daemon.ExposeProtocol
-	94, // 34: daemon.ExposeServiceEvent.ready:type_name -> daemon.ExposeServiceReady
-	33, // 35: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry.value:type_name -> daemon.IPList
-	8,  // 36: daemon.DaemonService.Login:input_type -> daemon.LoginRequest
-	10, // 37: daemon.DaemonService.WaitSSOLogin:input_type -> daemon.WaitSSOLoginRequest
-	12, // 38: daemon.DaemonService.Up:input_type -> daemon.UpRequest
-	14, // 39: daemon.DaemonService.Status:input_type -> daemon.StatusRequest
-	16, // 40: daemon.DaemonService.Down:input_type -> daemon.DownRequest
-	18, // 41: daemon.DaemonService.GetConfig:input_type -> daemon.GetConfigRequest
-	29, // 42: daemon.DaemonService.ListNetworks:input_type -> daemon.ListNetworksRequest
-	31, // 43: daemon.DaemonService.SelectNetworks:input_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksRequest
-	31, // 44: daemon.DaemonService.DeselectNetworks:input_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksRequest
-	5,  // 45: daemon.DaemonService.ForwardingRules:input_type -> daemon.EmptyRequest
-	38, // 46: daemon.DaemonService.DebugBundle:input_type -> daemon.DebugBundleRequest
-	40, // 47: daemon.DaemonService.GetLogLevel:input_type -> daemon.GetLogLevelRequest
-	42, // 48: daemon.DaemonService.SetLogLevel:input_type -> daemon.SetLogLevelRequest
-	45, // 49: daemon.DaemonService.ListStates:input_type -> daemon.ListStatesRequest
-	47, // 50: daemon.DaemonService.CleanState:input_type -> daemon.CleanStateRequest
-	49, // 51: daemon.DaemonService.DeleteState:input_type -> daemon.DeleteStateRequest
-	51, // 52: daemon.DaemonService.SetSyncResponsePersistence:input_type -> daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest
-	54, // 53: daemon.DaemonService.TracePacket:input_type -> daemon.TracePacketRequest
-	57, // 54: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeEvents:input_type -> daemon.SubscribeRequest
-	59, // 55: daemon.DaemonService.GetEvents:input_type -> daemon.GetEventsRequest
-	61, // 56: daemon.DaemonService.SwitchProfile:input_type -> daemon.SwitchProfileRequest
-	63, // 57: daemon.DaemonService.SetConfig:input_type -> daemon.SetConfigRequest
-	65, // 58: daemon.DaemonService.AddProfile:input_type -> daemon.AddProfileRequest
-	67, // 59: daemon.DaemonService.RemoveProfile:input_type -> daemon.RemoveProfileRequest
-	69, // 60: daemon.DaemonService.ListProfiles:input_type -> daemon.ListProfilesRequest
-	72, // 61: daemon.DaemonService.GetActiveProfile:input_type -> daemon.GetActiveProfileRequest
-	74, // 62: daemon.DaemonService.Logout:input_type -> daemon.LogoutRequest
-	76, // 63: daemon.DaemonService.GetFeatures:input_type -> daemon.GetFeaturesRequest
-	78, // 64: daemon.DaemonService.TriggerUpdate:input_type -> daemon.TriggerUpdateRequest
-	80, // 65: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:input_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
-	82, // 66: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:input_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest
-	84, // 67: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:input_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
-	86, // 68: daemon.DaemonService.StartCPUProfile:input_type -> daemon.StartCPUProfileRequest
-	88, // 69: daemon.DaemonService.StopCPUProfile:input_type -> daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest
-	6,  // 70: daemon.DaemonService.NotifyOSLifecycle:input_type -> daemon.OSLifecycleRequest
-	90, // 71: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:input_type -> daemon.InstallerResultRequest
-	92, // 72: daemon.DaemonService.ExposeService:input_type -> daemon.ExposeServiceRequest
-	9,  // 73: daemon.DaemonService.Login:output_type -> daemon.LoginResponse
-	11, // 74: daemon.DaemonService.WaitSSOLogin:output_type -> daemon.WaitSSOLoginResponse
-	13, // 75: daemon.DaemonService.Up:output_type -> daemon.UpResponse
-	15, // 76: daemon.DaemonService.Status:output_type -> daemon.StatusResponse
-	17, // 77: daemon.DaemonService.Down:output_type -> daemon.DownResponse
-	19, // 78: daemon.DaemonService.GetConfig:output_type -> daemon.GetConfigResponse
-	30, // 79: daemon.DaemonService.ListNetworks:output_type -> daemon.ListNetworksResponse
-	32, // 80: daemon.DaemonService.SelectNetworks:output_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
-	32, // 81: daemon.DaemonService.DeselectNetworks:output_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
-	37, // 82: daemon.DaemonService.ForwardingRules:output_type -> daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse
-	39, // 83: daemon.DaemonService.DebugBundle:output_type -> daemon.DebugBundleResponse
-	41, // 84: daemon.DaemonService.GetLogLevel:output_type -> daemon.GetLogLevelResponse
-	43, // 85: daemon.DaemonService.SetLogLevel:output_type -> daemon.SetLogLevelResponse
-	46, // 86: daemon.DaemonService.ListStates:output_type -> daemon.ListStatesResponse
-	48, // 87: daemon.DaemonService.CleanState:output_type -> daemon.CleanStateResponse
-	50, // 88: daemon.DaemonService.DeleteState:output_type -> daemon.DeleteStateResponse
-	52, // 89: daemon.DaemonService.SetSyncResponsePersistence:output_type -> daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse
-	56, // 90: daemon.DaemonService.TracePacket:output_type -> daemon.TracePacketResponse
-	58, // 91: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeEvents:output_type -> daemon.SystemEvent
-	60, // 92: daemon.DaemonService.GetEvents:output_type -> daemon.GetEventsResponse
-	62, // 93: daemon.DaemonService.SwitchProfile:output_type -> daemon.SwitchProfileResponse
-	64, // 94: daemon.DaemonService.SetConfig:output_type -> daemon.SetConfigResponse
-	66, // 95: daemon.DaemonService.AddProfile:output_type -> daemon.AddProfileResponse
-	68, // 96: daemon.DaemonService.RemoveProfile:output_type -> daemon.RemoveProfileResponse
-	70, // 97: daemon.DaemonService.ListProfiles:output_type -> daemon.ListProfilesResponse
-	73, // 98: daemon.DaemonService.GetActiveProfile:output_type -> daemon.GetActiveProfileResponse
-	75, // 99: daemon.DaemonService.Logout:output_type -> daemon.LogoutResponse
-	77, // 100: daemon.DaemonService.GetFeatures:output_type -> daemon.GetFeaturesResponse
-	79, // 101: daemon.DaemonService.TriggerUpdate:output_type -> daemon.TriggerUpdateResponse
-	81, // 102: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:output_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
-	83, // 103: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:output_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
-	85, // 104: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:output_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
-	87, // 105: daemon.DaemonService.StartCPUProfile:output_type -> daemon.StartCPUProfileResponse
-	89, // 106: daemon.DaemonService.StopCPUProfile:output_type -> daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse
-	7,  // 107: daemon.DaemonService.NotifyOSLifecycle:output_type -> daemon.OSLifecycleResponse
-	91, // 108: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:output_type -> daemon.InstallerResultResponse
-	93, // 109: daemon.DaemonService.ExposeService:output_type -> daemon.ExposeServiceEvent
-	73, // [73:110] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	36, // [36:73] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	36, // [36:36] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	36, // [36:36] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:36] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	114, // 0: daemon.LoginRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	25,  // 1: daemon.StatusResponse.fullStatus:type_name -> daemon.FullStatus
+	115, // 2: daemon.StatusResponse.sessionExpiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	115, // 3: daemon.PeerState.connStatusUpdate:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	115, // 4: daemon.PeerState.lastWireguardHandshake:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	114, // 5: daemon.PeerState.latency:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	23,  // 6: daemon.SSHServerState.sessions:type_name -> daemon.SSHSessionInfo
+	20,  // 7: daemon.FullStatus.managementState:type_name -> daemon.ManagementState
+	19,  // 8: daemon.FullStatus.signalState:type_name -> daemon.SignalState
+	18,  // 9: daemon.FullStatus.localPeerState:type_name -> daemon.LocalPeerState
+	17,  // 10: daemon.FullStatus.peers:type_name -> daemon.PeerState
+	21,  // 11: daemon.FullStatus.relays:type_name -> daemon.RelayState
+	22,  // 12: daemon.FullStatus.dns_servers:type_name -> daemon.NSGroupState
+	57,  // 13: daemon.FullStatus.events:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent
+	24,  // 14: daemon.FullStatus.sshServerState:type_name -> daemon.SSHServerState
+	31,  // 15: daemon.ListNetworksResponse.routes:type_name -> daemon.Network
+	111, // 16: daemon.Network.resolvedIPs:type_name -> daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry
+	112, // 17: daemon.PortInfo.range:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo.Range
+	32,  // 18: daemon.ForwardingRule.destinationPort:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo
+	32,  // 19: daemon.ForwardingRule.translatedPort:type_name -> daemon.PortInfo
+	33,  // 20: daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse.rules:type_name -> daemon.ForwardingRule
+	0,   // 21: daemon.GetLogLevelResponse.level:type_name -> daemon.LogLevel
+	0,   // 22: daemon.SetLogLevelRequest.level:type_name -> daemon.LogLevel
+	43,  // 23: daemon.ListStatesResponse.states:type_name -> daemon.State
+	52,  // 24: daemon.TracePacketRequest.tcp_flags:type_name -> daemon.TCPFlags
+	54,  // 25: daemon.TracePacketResponse.stages:type_name -> daemon.TraceStage
+	2,   // 26: daemon.SystemEvent.severity:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.Severity
+	3,   // 27: daemon.SystemEvent.category:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.Category
+	115, // 28: daemon.SystemEvent.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	113, // 29: daemon.SystemEvent.metadata:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent.MetadataEntry
+	57,  // 30: daemon.GetEventsResponse.events:type_name -> daemon.SystemEvent
+	114, // 31: daemon.SetConfigRequest.dnsRouteInterval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	72,  // 32: daemon.ListProfilesResponse.profiles:type_name -> daemon.Profile
+	115, // 33: daemon.WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse.sessionExpiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	1,   // 34: daemon.ExposeServiceRequest.protocol:type_name -> daemon.ExposeProtocol
+	104, // 35: daemon.ExposeServiceEvent.ready:type_name -> daemon.ExposeServiceReady
+	114, // 36: daemon.StartCaptureRequest.duration:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	114, // 37: daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest.timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	30,  // 38: daemon.Network.ResolvedIPsEntry.value:type_name -> daemon.IPList
+	5,   // 39: daemon.DaemonService.Login:input_type -> daemon.LoginRequest
+	7,   // 40: daemon.DaemonService.WaitSSOLogin:input_type -> daemon.WaitSSOLoginRequest
+	9,   // 41: daemon.DaemonService.Up:input_type -> daemon.UpRequest
+	11,  // 42: daemon.DaemonService.Status:input_type -> daemon.StatusRequest
+	11,  // 43: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeStatus:input_type -> daemon.StatusRequest
+	13,  // 44: daemon.DaemonService.Down:input_type -> daemon.DownRequest
+	15,  // 45: daemon.DaemonService.GetConfig:input_type -> daemon.GetConfigRequest
+	26,  // 46: daemon.DaemonService.ListNetworks:input_type -> daemon.ListNetworksRequest
+	28,  // 47: daemon.DaemonService.SelectNetworks:input_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksRequest
+	28,  // 48: daemon.DaemonService.DeselectNetworks:input_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksRequest
+	4,   // 49: daemon.DaemonService.ForwardingRules:input_type -> daemon.EmptyRequest
+	35,  // 50: daemon.DaemonService.DebugBundle:input_type -> daemon.DebugBundleRequest
+	37,  // 51: daemon.DaemonService.GetLogLevel:input_type -> daemon.GetLogLevelRequest
+	39,  // 52: daemon.DaemonService.SetLogLevel:input_type -> daemon.SetLogLevelRequest
+	44,  // 53: daemon.DaemonService.ListStates:input_type -> daemon.ListStatesRequest
+	46,  // 54: daemon.DaemonService.CleanState:input_type -> daemon.CleanStateRequest
+	48,  // 55: daemon.DaemonService.DeleteState:input_type -> daemon.DeleteStateRequest
+	50,  // 56: daemon.DaemonService.SetSyncResponsePersistence:input_type -> daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest
+	53,  // 57: daemon.DaemonService.TracePacket:input_type -> daemon.TracePacketRequest
+	105, // 58: daemon.DaemonService.StartCapture:input_type -> daemon.StartCaptureRequest
+	107, // 59: daemon.DaemonService.StartBundleCapture:input_type -> daemon.StartBundleCaptureRequest
+	109, // 60: daemon.DaemonService.StopBundleCapture:input_type -> daemon.StopBundleCaptureRequest
+	56,  // 61: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeEvents:input_type -> daemon.SubscribeRequest
+	58,  // 62: daemon.DaemonService.GetEvents:input_type -> daemon.GetEventsRequest
+	41,  // 63: daemon.DaemonService.RegisterUILog:input_type -> daemon.RegisterUILogRequest
+	60,  // 64: daemon.DaemonService.SwitchProfile:input_type -> daemon.SwitchProfileRequest
+	62,  // 65: daemon.DaemonService.SetConfig:input_type -> daemon.SetConfigRequest
+	64,  // 66: daemon.DaemonService.AddProfile:input_type -> daemon.AddProfileRequest
+	66,  // 67: daemon.DaemonService.RenameProfile:input_type -> daemon.RenameProfileRequest
+	68,  // 68: daemon.DaemonService.RemoveProfile:input_type -> daemon.RemoveProfileRequest
+	70,  // 69: daemon.DaemonService.ListProfiles:input_type -> daemon.ListProfilesRequest
+	73,  // 70: daemon.DaemonService.GetActiveProfile:input_type -> daemon.GetActiveProfileRequest
+	75,  // 71: daemon.DaemonService.Logout:input_type -> daemon.LogoutRequest
+	79,  // 72: daemon.DaemonService.GetFeatures:input_type -> daemon.GetFeaturesRequest
+	82,  // 73: daemon.DaemonService.TriggerUpdate:input_type -> daemon.TriggerUpdateRequest
+	84,  // 74: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:input_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
+	86,  // 75: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:input_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthRequest
+	88,  // 76: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:input_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenRequest
+	90,  // 77: daemon.DaemonService.RequestExtendAuthSession:input_type -> daemon.RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest
+	92,  // 78: daemon.DaemonService.WaitExtendAuthSession:input_type -> daemon.WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest
+	94,  // 79: daemon.DaemonService.DismissSessionWarning:input_type -> daemon.DismissSessionWarningRequest
+	96,  // 80: daemon.DaemonService.StartCPUProfile:input_type -> daemon.StartCPUProfileRequest
+	98,  // 81: daemon.DaemonService.StopCPUProfile:input_type -> daemon.StopCPUProfileRequest
+	100, // 82: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:input_type -> daemon.InstallerResultRequest
+	102, // 83: daemon.DaemonService.ExposeService:input_type -> daemon.ExposeServiceRequest
+	77,  // 84: daemon.DaemonService.WailsUIReady:input_type -> daemon.WailsUIReadyRequest
+	6,   // 85: daemon.DaemonService.Login:output_type -> daemon.LoginResponse
+	8,   // 86: daemon.DaemonService.WaitSSOLogin:output_type -> daemon.WaitSSOLoginResponse
+	10,  // 87: daemon.DaemonService.Up:output_type -> daemon.UpResponse
+	12,  // 88: daemon.DaemonService.Status:output_type -> daemon.StatusResponse
+	12,  // 89: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeStatus:output_type -> daemon.StatusResponse
+	14,  // 90: daemon.DaemonService.Down:output_type -> daemon.DownResponse
+	16,  // 91: daemon.DaemonService.GetConfig:output_type -> daemon.GetConfigResponse
+	27,  // 92: daemon.DaemonService.ListNetworks:output_type -> daemon.ListNetworksResponse
+	29,  // 93: daemon.DaemonService.SelectNetworks:output_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
+	29,  // 94: daemon.DaemonService.DeselectNetworks:output_type -> daemon.SelectNetworksResponse
+	34,  // 95: daemon.DaemonService.ForwardingRules:output_type -> daemon.ForwardingRulesResponse
+	36,  // 96: daemon.DaemonService.DebugBundle:output_type -> daemon.DebugBundleResponse
+	38,  // 97: daemon.DaemonService.GetLogLevel:output_type -> daemon.GetLogLevelResponse
+	40,  // 98: daemon.DaemonService.SetLogLevel:output_type -> daemon.SetLogLevelResponse
+	45,  // 99: daemon.DaemonService.ListStates:output_type -> daemon.ListStatesResponse
+	47,  // 100: daemon.DaemonService.CleanState:output_type -> daemon.CleanStateResponse
+	49,  // 101: daemon.DaemonService.DeleteState:output_type -> daemon.DeleteStateResponse
+	51,  // 102: daemon.DaemonService.SetSyncResponsePersistence:output_type -> daemon.SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse
+	55,  // 103: daemon.DaemonService.TracePacket:output_type -> daemon.TracePacketResponse
+	106, // 104: daemon.DaemonService.StartCapture:output_type -> daemon.CapturePacket
+	108, // 105: daemon.DaemonService.StartBundleCapture:output_type -> daemon.StartBundleCaptureResponse
+	110, // 106: daemon.DaemonService.StopBundleCapture:output_type -> daemon.StopBundleCaptureResponse
+	57,  // 107: daemon.DaemonService.SubscribeEvents:output_type -> daemon.SystemEvent
+	59,  // 108: daemon.DaemonService.GetEvents:output_type -> daemon.GetEventsResponse
+	42,  // 109: daemon.DaemonService.RegisterUILog:output_type -> daemon.RegisterUILogResponse
+	61,  // 110: daemon.DaemonService.SwitchProfile:output_type -> daemon.SwitchProfileResponse
+	63,  // 111: daemon.DaemonService.SetConfig:output_type -> daemon.SetConfigResponse
+	65,  // 112: daemon.DaemonService.AddProfile:output_type -> daemon.AddProfileResponse
+	67,  // 113: daemon.DaemonService.RenameProfile:output_type -> daemon.RenameProfileResponse
+	69,  // 114: daemon.DaemonService.RemoveProfile:output_type -> daemon.RemoveProfileResponse
+	71,  // 115: daemon.DaemonService.ListProfiles:output_type -> daemon.ListProfilesResponse
+	74,  // 116: daemon.DaemonService.GetActiveProfile:output_type -> daemon.GetActiveProfileResponse
+	76,  // 117: daemon.DaemonService.Logout:output_type -> daemon.LogoutResponse
+	80,  // 118: daemon.DaemonService.GetFeatures:output_type -> daemon.GetFeaturesResponse
+	83,  // 119: daemon.DaemonService.TriggerUpdate:output_type -> daemon.TriggerUpdateResponse
+	85,  // 120: daemon.DaemonService.GetPeerSSHHostKey:output_type -> daemon.GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse
+	87,  // 121: daemon.DaemonService.RequestJWTAuth:output_type -> daemon.RequestJWTAuthResponse
+	89,  // 122: daemon.DaemonService.WaitJWTToken:output_type -> daemon.WaitJWTTokenResponse
+	91,  // 123: daemon.DaemonService.RequestExtendAuthSession:output_type -> daemon.RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse
+	93,  // 124: daemon.DaemonService.WaitExtendAuthSession:output_type -> daemon.WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse
+	95,  // 125: daemon.DaemonService.DismissSessionWarning:output_type -> daemon.DismissSessionWarningResponse
+	97,  // 126: daemon.DaemonService.StartCPUProfile:output_type -> daemon.StartCPUProfileResponse
+	99,  // 127: daemon.DaemonService.StopCPUProfile:output_type -> daemon.StopCPUProfileResponse
+	101, // 128: daemon.DaemonService.GetInstallerResult:output_type -> daemon.InstallerResultResponse
+	103, // 129: daemon.DaemonService.ExposeService:output_type -> daemon.ExposeServiceEvent
+	78,  // 130: daemon.DaemonService.WailsUIReady:output_type -> daemon.WailsUIReadyResponse
+	85,  // [85:131] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	39,  // [39:85] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	39,  // [39:39] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	39,  // [39:39] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,   // [0:39] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_daemon_proto_init() }
@@ -6848,10 +8033,10 @@ func file_daemon_proto_init() {
 	if File_daemon_proto != nil {
 		return
 	}
-	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[3].OneofWrappers = []any{}
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[1].OneofWrappers = []any{}
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[5].OneofWrappers = []any{}
 	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[7].OneofWrappers = []any{}
-	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[9].OneofWrappers = []any{}
-	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[30].OneofWrappers = []any{
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[28].OneofWrappers = []any{
 		(*PortInfo_Port)(nil),
 		(*PortInfo_Range_)(nil),
 	}
@@ -6859,9 +8044,11 @@ func file_daemon_proto_init() {
 	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[50].OneofWrappers = []any{}
 	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[56].OneofWrappers = []any{}
 	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[58].OneofWrappers = []any{}
-	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[69].OneofWrappers = []any{}
-	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[77].OneofWrappers = []any{}
-	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[88].OneofWrappers = []any{
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[71].OneofWrappers = []any{}
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[76].OneofWrappers = []any{}
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[82].OneofWrappers = []any{}
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[86].OneofWrappers = []any{}
+	file_daemon_proto_msgTypes[99].OneofWrappers = []any{
 		(*ExposeServiceEvent_Ready)(nil),
 	}
 	type x struct{}
@@ -6869,8 +8056,8 @@ func file_daemon_proto_init() {
 		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: unsafe.Slice(unsafe.StringData(file_daemon_proto_rawDesc), len(file_daemon_proto_rawDesc)),
-			NumEnums:      5,
-			NumMessages:   93,
+			NumEnums:      4,
+			NumMessages:   110,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},
diff --git a/client/proto/daemon.pb.gw.go b/client/proto/daemon.pb.gw.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b64dfeea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/proto/daemon.pb.gw.go
@@ -0,0 +1,2921 @@
+// Code generated by protoc-gen-grpc-gateway. DO NOT EDIT.
+// source: daemon.proto
+
+/*
+Package proto is a reverse proxy.
+
+It translates gRPC into RESTful JSON APIs.
+*/
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
+	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/utilities"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/grpclog"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+)
+
+// Suppress "imported and not used" errors
+var (
+	_ codes.Code
+	_ io.Reader
+	_ status.Status
+	_ = errors.New
+	_ = runtime.String
+	_ = utilities.NewDoubleArray
+	_ = metadata.Join
+)
+
+func request_DaemonService_Login_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq LoginRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.Login(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_Login_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq LoginRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.Login(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq WaitSSOLoginRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.WaitSSOLogin(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq WaitSSOLoginRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.WaitSSOLogin(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_Up_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq UpRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.Up(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_Up_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq UpRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.Up(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_Status_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StatusRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.Status(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_Status_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StatusRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.Status(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (DaemonService_SubscribeStatusClient, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StatusRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	stream, err := client.SubscribeStatus(ctx, &protoReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, err
+	}
+	header, err := stream.Header()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, err
+	}
+	metadata.HeaderMD = header
+	return stream, metadata, nil
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_Down_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DownRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.Down(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_Down_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DownRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.Down(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_GetConfig_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetConfigRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.GetConfig(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_GetConfig_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetConfigRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.GetConfig(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq ListNetworksRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.ListNetworks(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq ListNetworksRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.ListNetworks(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SelectNetworksRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.SelectNetworks(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SelectNetworksRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.SelectNetworks(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SelectNetworksRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.DeselectNetworks(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SelectNetworksRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.DeselectNetworks(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq EmptyRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.ForwardingRules(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq EmptyRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.ForwardingRules(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DebugBundleRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.DebugBundle(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DebugBundleRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.DebugBundle(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetLogLevelRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.GetLogLevel(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetLogLevelRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.GetLogLevel(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SetLogLevelRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.SetLogLevel(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SetLogLevelRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.SetLogLevel(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_ListStates_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq ListStatesRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.ListStates(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_ListStates_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq ListStatesRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.ListStates(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_CleanState_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq CleanStateRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.CleanState(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_CleanState_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq CleanStateRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.CleanState(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_DeleteState_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DeleteStateRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.DeleteState(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_DeleteState_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DeleteStateRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.DeleteState(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.SetSyncResponsePersistence(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.SetSyncResponsePersistence(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_TracePacket_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq TracePacketRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.TracePacket(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_TracePacket_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq TracePacketRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.TracePacket(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_StartCapture_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (DaemonService_StartCaptureClient, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StartCaptureRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	stream, err := client.StartCapture(ctx, &protoReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, err
+	}
+	header, err := stream.Header()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, err
+	}
+	metadata.HeaderMD = header
+	return stream, metadata, nil
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StartBundleCaptureRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.StartBundleCapture(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StartBundleCaptureRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.StartBundleCapture(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StopBundleCaptureRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.StopBundleCapture(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StopBundleCaptureRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.StopBundleCapture(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (DaemonService_SubscribeEventsClient, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SubscribeRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	stream, err := client.SubscribeEvents(ctx, &protoReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, err
+	}
+	header, err := stream.Header()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, err
+	}
+	metadata.HeaderMD = header
+	return stream, metadata, nil
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_GetEvents_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetEventsRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.GetEvents(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_GetEvents_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetEventsRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.GetEvents(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RegisterUILogRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.RegisterUILog(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RegisterUILogRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.RegisterUILog(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SwitchProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.SwitchProfile(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SwitchProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.SwitchProfile(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_SetConfig_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SetConfigRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.SetConfig(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_SetConfig_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq SetConfigRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.SetConfig(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_AddProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq AddProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.AddProfile(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_AddProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq AddProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.AddProfile(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RenameProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.RenameProfile(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RenameProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.RenameProfile(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RemoveProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.RemoveProfile(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RemoveProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.RemoveProfile(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq ListProfilesRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.ListProfiles(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq ListProfilesRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.ListProfiles(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetActiveProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.GetActiveProfile(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetActiveProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.GetActiveProfile(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_Logout_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq LogoutRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.Logout(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_Logout_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq LogoutRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.Logout(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetFeaturesRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.GetFeatures(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetFeaturesRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.GetFeatures(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq TriggerUpdateRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.TriggerUpdate(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq TriggerUpdateRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.TriggerUpdate(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.GetPeerSSHHostKey(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.GetPeerSSHHostKey(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RequestJWTAuthRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.RequestJWTAuth(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RequestJWTAuthRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.RequestJWTAuth(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq WaitJWTTokenRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.WaitJWTToken(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq WaitJWTTokenRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.WaitJWTToken(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.RequestExtendAuthSession(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.RequestExtendAuthSession(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.WaitExtendAuthSession(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.WaitExtendAuthSession(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DismissSessionWarningRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.DismissSessionWarning(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq DismissSessionWarningRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.DismissSessionWarning(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StartCPUProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.StartCPUProfile(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StartCPUProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.StartCPUProfile(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StopCPUProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.StopCPUProfile(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq StopCPUProfileRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.StopCPUProfile(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq InstallerResultRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.GetInstallerResult(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq InstallerResultRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.GetInstallerResult(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_ExposeService_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (DaemonService_ExposeServiceClient, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq ExposeServiceRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	stream, err := client.ExposeService(ctx, &protoReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, err
+	}
+	header, err := stream.Header()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, metadata, err
+	}
+	metadata.HeaderMD = header
+	return stream, metadata, nil
+}
+
+func request_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, client DaemonServiceClient, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq WailsUIReadyRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := client.WailsUIReady(ctx, &protoReq, grpc.Header(&metadata.HeaderMD), grpc.Trailer(&metadata.TrailerMD))
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+func local_request_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0(ctx context.Context, marshaler runtime.Marshaler, server DaemonServiceServer, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) (proto.Message, runtime.ServerMetadata, error) {
+	var (
+		protoReq WailsUIReadyRequest
+		metadata runtime.ServerMetadata
+	)
+	if err := marshaler.NewDecoder(req.Body).Decode(&protoReq); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, metadata, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
+	}
+	msg, err := server.WailsUIReady(ctx, &protoReq)
+	return msg, metadata, err
+}
+
+// RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerServer registers the http handlers for service DaemonService to "mux".
+// UnaryRPC     :call DaemonServiceServer directly.
+// StreamingRPC :currently unsupported pending https://github.com/grpc/grpc-go/issues/906.
+// Note that using this registration option will cause many gRPC library features to stop working. Consider using RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerFromEndpoint instead.
+// GRPC interceptors will not work for this type of registration. To use interceptors, you must use the "runtime.WithMiddlewares" option in the "runtime.NewServeMux" call.
+func RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerServer(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, server DaemonServiceServer) error {
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Login_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Login", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Login"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_Login_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Login_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Up_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Up", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Up"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_Up_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Up_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Status_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Status", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Status"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_Status_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Status_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		err := status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "streaming calls are not yet supported in the in-process transport")
+		_, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+		return
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Down_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Down", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Down"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_Down_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Down_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetConfig_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_GetConfig_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetConfig_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ListStates_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_ListStates_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_ListStates_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_CleanState_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_CleanState_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_CleanState_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_DeleteState_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_DeleteState_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_DeleteState_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetSyncResponsePersistence", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SetSyncResponsePersistence"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_TracePacket_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_TracePacket_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_TracePacket_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StartCapture_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		err := status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "streaming calls are not yet supported in the in-process transport")
+		_, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+		return
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/StartBundleCapture", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/StartBundleCapture"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/StopBundleCapture", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/StopBundleCapture"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		err := status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "streaming calls are not yet supported in the in-process transport")
+		_, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+		return
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetEvents_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_GetEvents_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetEvents_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RegisterUILog", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RegisterUILog"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SwitchProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SwitchProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SetConfig_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_SetConfig_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SetConfig_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_AddProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/AddProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/AddProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_AddProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_AddProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RenameProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RenameProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RemoveProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RemoveProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListProfiles", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/ListProfiles"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetActiveProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetActiveProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Logout_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Logout", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Logout"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_Logout_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Logout_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetFeatures", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetFeatures"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/TriggerUpdate", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/TriggerUpdate"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetPeerSSHHostKey", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetPeerSSHHostKey"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RequestJWTAuth", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RequestJWTAuth"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitJWTToken", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/WaitJWTToken"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RequestExtendAuthSession", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RequestExtendAuthSession"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitExtendAuthSession", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/WaitExtendAuthSession"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/DismissSessionWarning", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/DismissSessionWarning"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/StartCPUProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/StartCPUProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/StopCPUProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/StopCPUProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetInstallerResult", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetInstallerResult"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ExposeService_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		err := status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "streaming calls are not yet supported in the in-process transport")
+		_, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+		return
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		var stream runtime.ServerTransportStream
+		ctx = grpc.NewContextWithServerTransportStream(ctx, &stream)
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateIncomingContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/WailsUIReady", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/WailsUIReady"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := local_request_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, server, req, pathParams)
+		md.HeaderMD, md.TrailerMD = metadata.Join(md.HeaderMD, stream.Header()), metadata.Join(md.TrailerMD, stream.Trailer())
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerFromEndpoint is same as RegisterDaemonServiceHandler but
+// automatically dials to "endpoint" and closes the connection when "ctx" gets done.
+func RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerFromEndpoint(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, endpoint string, opts []grpc.DialOption) (err error) {
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(endpoint, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil {
+			if cerr := conn.Close(); cerr != nil {
+				grpclog.Errorf("Failed to close conn to %s: %v", endpoint, cerr)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		go func() {
+			<-ctx.Done()
+			if cerr := conn.Close(); cerr != nil {
+				grpclog.Errorf("Failed to close conn to %s: %v", endpoint, cerr)
+			}
+		}()
+	}()
+	return RegisterDaemonServiceHandler(ctx, mux, conn)
+}
+
+// RegisterDaemonServiceHandler registers the http handlers for service DaemonService to "mux".
+// The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over "conn".
+func RegisterDaemonServiceHandler(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
+	return RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerClient(ctx, mux, NewDaemonServiceClient(conn))
+}
+
+// RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerClient registers the http handlers for service DaemonService
+// to "mux". The handlers forward requests to the grpc endpoint over the given implementation of "DaemonServiceClient".
+// Note: the gRPC framework executes interceptors within the gRPC handler. If the passed in "DaemonServiceClient"
+// doesn't go through the normal gRPC flow (creating a gRPC client etc.) then it will be up to the passed in
+// "DaemonServiceClient" to call the correct interceptors. This client ignores the HTTP middlewares.
+func RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerClient(ctx context.Context, mux *runtime.ServeMux, client DaemonServiceClient) error {
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Login_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Login", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Login"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_Login_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Login_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Up_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Up", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Up"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_Up_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Up_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Status_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Status", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Status"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_Status_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Status_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SubscribeStatus", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SubscribeStatus"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, func() (proto.Message, error) { return resp.Recv() }, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Down_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Down", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Down"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_Down_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Down_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetConfig_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_GetConfig_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetConfig_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ListStates_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_ListStates_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_ListStates_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_CleanState_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_CleanState_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_CleanState_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_DeleteState_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_DeleteState_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_DeleteState_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetSyncResponsePersistence", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SetSyncResponsePersistence"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_TracePacket_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_TracePacket_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_TracePacket_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StartCapture_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/StartCapture", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/StartCapture"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_StartCapture_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_StartCapture_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, func() (proto.Message, error) { return resp.Recv() }, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/StartBundleCapture", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/StartBundleCapture"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/StopBundleCapture", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/StopBundleCapture"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SubscribeEvents", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SubscribeEvents"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, func() (proto.Message, error) { return resp.Recv() }, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetEvents_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_GetEvents_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetEvents_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RegisterUILog", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RegisterUILog"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SwitchProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SwitchProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_SetConfig_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_SetConfig_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_SetConfig_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_AddProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/AddProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/AddProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_AddProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_AddProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RenameProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RenameProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RemoveProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RemoveProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListProfiles", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/ListProfiles"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetActiveProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetActiveProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_Logout_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/Logout", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/Logout"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_Logout_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_Logout_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetFeatures", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetFeatures"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/TriggerUpdate", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/TriggerUpdate"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetPeerSSHHostKey", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetPeerSSHHostKey"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RequestJWTAuth", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RequestJWTAuth"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitJWTToken", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/WaitJWTToken"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/RequestExtendAuthSession", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/RequestExtendAuthSession"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitExtendAuthSession", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/WaitExtendAuthSession"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/DismissSessionWarning", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/DismissSessionWarning"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/StartCPUProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/StartCPUProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/StopCPUProfile", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/StopCPUProfile"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetInstallerResult", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/GetInstallerResult"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_ExposeService_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/ExposeService", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/ExposeService"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_ExposeService_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_ExposeService_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, func() (proto.Message, error) { return resp.Recv() }, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	mux.Handle(http.MethodPost, pattern_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, pathParams map[string]string) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(req.Context())
+		defer cancel()
+		inboundMarshaler, outboundMarshaler := runtime.MarshalerForRequest(mux, req)
+		annotatedContext, err := runtime.AnnotateContext(ctx, mux, req, "/daemon.DaemonService/WailsUIReady", runtime.WithHTTPPathPattern("/daemon.DaemonService/WailsUIReady"))
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(ctx, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		resp, md, err := request_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0(annotatedContext, inboundMarshaler, client, req, pathParams)
+		annotatedContext = runtime.NewServerMetadataContext(annotatedContext, md)
+		if err != nil {
+			runtime.HTTPError(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, err)
+			return
+		}
+		forward_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0(annotatedContext, mux, outboundMarshaler, w, req, resp, mux.GetForwardResponseOptions()...)
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+var (
+	pattern_DaemonService_Login_0                      = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "Login"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0               = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "WaitSSOLogin"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_Up_0                         = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "Up"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_Status_0                     = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "Status"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_0            = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "SubscribeStatus"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_Down_0                       = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "Down"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_GetConfig_0                  = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "GetConfig"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0               = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "ListNetworks"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0             = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "SelectNetworks"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0           = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "DeselectNetworks"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0            = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "ForwardingRules"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0                = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "DebugBundle"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0                = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "GetLogLevel"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0                = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "SetLogLevel"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_ListStates_0                 = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "ListStates"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_CleanState_0                 = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "CleanState"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_DeleteState_0                = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "DeleteState"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0 = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "SetSyncResponsePersistence"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_TracePacket_0                = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "TracePacket"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_StartCapture_0               = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "StartCapture"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0         = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "StartBundleCapture"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0          = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "StopBundleCapture"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_0            = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "SubscribeEvents"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_GetEvents_0                  = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "GetEvents"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0              = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "RegisterUILog"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0              = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "SwitchProfile"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_SetConfig_0                  = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "SetConfig"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_AddProfile_0                 = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "AddProfile"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0              = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "RenameProfile"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0              = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "RemoveProfile"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0               = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "ListProfiles"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0           = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "GetActiveProfile"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_Logout_0                     = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "Logout"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0                = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "GetFeatures"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0              = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "TriggerUpdate"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0          = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "GetPeerSSHHostKey"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0             = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "RequestJWTAuth"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0               = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "WaitJWTToken"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0   = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "RequestExtendAuthSession"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0      = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "WaitExtendAuthSession"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0      = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "DismissSessionWarning"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0            = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "StartCPUProfile"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0             = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "StopCPUProfile"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0         = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "GetInstallerResult"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_ExposeService_0              = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "ExposeService"}, ""))
+	pattern_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0               = runtime.MustPattern(runtime.NewPattern(1, []int{2, 0, 2, 1}, []string{"daemon.DaemonService", "WailsUIReady"}, ""))
+)
+
+var (
+	forward_DaemonService_Login_0                      = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_0               = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_Up_0                         = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_Status_0                     = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_0            = runtime.ForwardResponseStream
+	forward_DaemonService_Down_0                       = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_GetConfig_0                  = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_ListNetworks_0               = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_SelectNetworks_0             = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_0           = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_ForwardingRules_0            = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_DebugBundle_0                = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_GetLogLevel_0                = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_SetLogLevel_0                = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_ListStates_0                 = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_CleanState_0                 = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_DeleteState_0                = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_0 = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_TracePacket_0                = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_StartCapture_0               = runtime.ForwardResponseStream
+	forward_DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_0         = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_0          = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_0            = runtime.ForwardResponseStream
+	forward_DaemonService_GetEvents_0                  = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_RegisterUILog_0              = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_SwitchProfile_0              = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_SetConfig_0                  = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_AddProfile_0                 = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_RenameProfile_0              = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_RemoveProfile_0              = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_ListProfiles_0               = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_0           = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_Logout_0                     = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_GetFeatures_0                = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_0              = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_0          = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_0             = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_0               = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_0   = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_0      = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_0      = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_0            = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_0             = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_0         = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+	forward_DaemonService_ExposeService_0              = runtime.ForwardResponseStream
+	forward_DaemonService_WailsUIReady_0               = runtime.ForwardResponseMessage
+)
diff --git a/client/proto/daemon.proto b/client/proto/daemon.proto
index 19976660c..3953f9c15 100644
--- a/client/proto/daemon.proto
+++ b/client/proto/daemon.proto
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@ service DaemonService {
   // Status of the service.
   rpc Status(StatusRequest) returns (StatusResponse) {}
 
+  // SubscribeStatus pushes a fresh StatusResponse on connection state
+  // changes (Connected / Disconnected / Connecting / address change /
+  // peers list change). The first message on the stream is the current
+  // snapshot, so a freshly-subscribed UI doesn't need to also call Status.
+  rpc SubscribeStatus(StatusRequest) returns (stream StatusResponse) {}
+
   // Down stops engine work in the daemon.
   rpc Down(DownRequest) returns (DownResponse) {}
 
@@ -64,16 +70,34 @@ service DaemonService {
 
   rpc TracePacket(TracePacketRequest) returns (TracePacketResponse) {}
 
+  // StartCapture begins streaming packet capture on the WireGuard interface.
+  // Requires --enable-capture set at service install/reconfigure time.
+  rpc StartCapture(StartCaptureRequest) returns (stream CapturePacket) {}
+
+  // StartBundleCapture begins capturing packets to a server-side temp file
+  // for inclusion in the next debug bundle. Auto-stops after the given timeout.
+  rpc StartBundleCapture(StartBundleCaptureRequest) returns (StartBundleCaptureResponse) {}
+
+  // StopBundleCapture stops the running bundle capture. Idempotent.
+  rpc StopBundleCapture(StopBundleCaptureRequest) returns (StopBundleCaptureResponse) {}
+
   rpc SubscribeEvents(SubscribeRequest) returns (stream SystemEvent) {}
 
   rpc GetEvents(GetEventsRequest) returns (GetEventsResponse) {}
 
+  // RegisterUILog records the desktop UI's absolute log path so the daemon's
+  // debug bundle can collect it (the daemon runs as root and can't resolve the
+  // user's config dir).
+  rpc RegisterUILog(RegisterUILogRequest) returns (RegisterUILogResponse) {}
+
   rpc SwitchProfile(SwitchProfileRequest) returns (SwitchProfileResponse) {}
 
   rpc SetConfig(SetConfigRequest) returns (SetConfigResponse) {}
 
   rpc AddProfile(AddProfileRequest) returns (AddProfileResponse) {}
 
+  rpc RenameProfile(RenameProfileRequest) returns (RenameProfileResponse) {}
+
   rpc RemoveProfile(RemoveProfileRequest) returns (RemoveProfileResponse) {}
 
   rpc ListProfiles(ListProfilesRequest) returns (ListProfilesResponse) {}
@@ -98,36 +122,44 @@ service DaemonService {
   // WaitJWTToken waits for JWT authentication completion
   rpc WaitJWTToken(WaitJWTTokenRequest) returns (WaitJWTTokenResponse) {}
 
+  // RequestExtendAuthSession initiates an SSO session-extension flow.
+  // The daemon prepares a PKCE/device-code request against the IdP and
+  // returns the verification URI; the UI is expected to open it. The flow
+  // state is kept in the daemon until WaitExtendAuthSession completes it.
+  rpc RequestExtendAuthSession(RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) returns (RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse) {}
+
+  // WaitExtendAuthSession blocks until the user finishes the SSO step
+  // started by RequestExtendAuthSession, then forwards the resulting JWT
+  // to the management server's ExtendAuthSession RPC. Returns the new
+  // session expiry deadline. The tunnel stays up the entire time.
+  rpc WaitExtendAuthSession(WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) returns (WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse) {}
+
+  // DismissSessionWarning records that the user clicked "Dismiss" on the
+  // T-WarningLead interactive notification, suppressing the auto-opened
+  // SessionAboutToExpire dialog that would otherwise fire at
+  // T-FinalWarningLead for the current deadline. Idempotent and best-effort:
+  // a missed call only means the fallback dialog will still appear.
+  rpc DismissSessionWarning(DismissSessionWarningRequest) returns (DismissSessionWarningResponse) {}
+
 // StartCPUProfile starts CPU profiling in the daemon
   rpc StartCPUProfile(StartCPUProfileRequest) returns (StartCPUProfileResponse) {}
 
   // StopCPUProfile stops CPU profiling in the daemon
   rpc StopCPUProfile(StopCPUProfileRequest) returns (StopCPUProfileResponse) {}
 
-  rpc NotifyOSLifecycle(OSLifecycleRequest) returns(OSLifecycleResponse) {}
-
   rpc GetInstallerResult(InstallerResultRequest) returns (InstallerResultResponse) {}
 
   // ExposeService exposes a local port via the NetBird reverse proxy
   rpc ExposeService(ExposeServiceRequest) returns (stream ExposeServiceEvent) {}
+
+  // WailsUIReady is a no-op probe the Wails UI calls once at startup. The UI
+  // only cares whether the daemon implements it: an Unimplemented response
+  // means the daemon predates this UI and is too old to drive it.
+  rpc WailsUIReady(WailsUIReadyRequest) returns (WailsUIReadyResponse) {}
 }
 
 
 
-message OSLifecycleRequest {
-  // avoid collision with loglevel enum
-  enum CycleType {
-    UNKNOWN = 0;
-    SLEEP = 1;
-    WAKEUP = 2;
-  }
-
-  CycleType type = 1;
-}
-
-message OSLifecycleResponse {}
-
-
 message LoginRequest {
   // setupKey netbird setup key.
   string setupKey = 1;
@@ -209,6 +241,13 @@ message LoginRequest {
   optional bool enableSSHRemotePortForwarding = 37;
   optional bool disableSSHAuth = 38;
   optional int32 sshJWTCacheTTL = 39;
+  optional bool disable_ipv6 = 40;
+
+  optional bool enable_local_metrics = 41;
+  optional string local_metrics_address = 42;
+  // remoteJobsAllowed opts the peer into management-requested remote jobs
+  // (e.g. debug bundles). Absent leaves the stored value unchanged.
+  optional bool remoteJobsAllowed = 43;
 }
 
 message LoginResponse {
@@ -231,6 +270,12 @@ message UpRequest {
   optional string profileName = 1;
   optional string username = 2;
   reserved 3;
+  // async instructs the daemon to start the connection attempt and return
+  // immediately without waiting for the engine to become ready. Status updates
+  // are delivered via the SubscribeStatus stream. When false (the default) the
+  // RPC blocks until the engine is running or gives up, which is the behaviour
+  // needed by the CLI.
+  bool async = 4;
 }
 
 message UpResponse {}
@@ -248,6 +293,10 @@ message StatusResponse{
   FullStatus fullStatus = 2;
   // NetBird daemon version
   string daemonVersion = 3;
+  // Absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO session expires.
+  // Unset when the peer is not SSO-registered or login expiration is disabled.
+  // The UI derives "warning active" from this value and its own clock.
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp sessionExpiresAt = 4;
 }
 
 message DownRequest {}
@@ -316,6 +365,17 @@ message GetConfigResponse {
   bool disableSSHAuth = 25;
 
   int32 sshJWTCacheTTL = 26;
+
+  bool disable_ipv6 = 27;
+
+  bool remoteJobsAllowed = 29;
+
+  // mDMManagedFields lists the names of configuration keys whose value is
+  // currently enforced by an MDM policy. Names match mdm.Key* constants
+  // (e.g. "managementURL", "disableClientRoutes"). UI/CLI clients should
+  // render the corresponding inputs as read-only and display a "managed
+  // by MDM" indicator.
+  repeated string mDMManagedFields = 28;
 }
 
 // PeerState contains the latest state of a peer
@@ -338,6 +398,7 @@ message PeerState {
   google.protobuf.Duration latency = 17;
   string relayAddress = 18;
   bytes sshHostKey = 19;
+  string ipv6 = 20;
 }
 
 // LocalPeerState contains the latest state of the local peer
@@ -349,6 +410,8 @@ message LocalPeerState {
   bool rosenpassEnabled = 5;
   bool rosenpassPermissive = 6;
   repeated string networks = 7;
+  string ipv6 = 8;
+  int32 wgPort = 9;
 }
 
 // SignalState contains the latest state of a signal connection
@@ -370,6 +433,9 @@ message RelayState {
   string URI = 1;
   bool available = 2;
   string error = 3;
+  // transport is the negotiated relay transport (e.g. "ws", "quic"),
+  // empty for stun/turn probes or when not connected.
+  string transport = 4;
 }
 
 message NSGroupState {
@@ -408,6 +474,12 @@ message FullStatus {
 
   bool lazyConnectionEnabled = 9;
   SSHServerState sshServerState = 10;
+
+  // networksRevision bumps whenever the set of routed networks (route and
+  // exit-node candidates) or their selected state changes. The UI fingerprints
+  // on it to know when to re-fetch ListNetworks via the push stream, instead
+  // of polling on every status snapshot.
+  uint64 networksRevision = 11;
 }
 
 // Networks
@@ -471,6 +543,16 @@ message DebugBundleRequest {
   bool systemInfo = 3;
   string uploadURL = 4;
   uint32 logFileCount = 5;
+  string cliVersion = 6;
+  // uploadInsecure allows uploading to an http endpoint or one with an
+  // untrusted TLS certificate. Restricted to privileged callers; for
+  // self-hosted upload servers.
+  bool uploadInsecure = 7;
+  // anonymizeLevel selects how much the anonymizer redacts: "default"
+  // (or empty) keeps internal IP ranges, "strict" also anonymizes them.
+  // Unknown values are treated as "strict". Only meaningful with anonymize;
+  // "strict" implies it.
+  string anonymizeLevel = 8;
 }
 
 message DebugBundleResponse {
@@ -504,6 +586,13 @@ message SetLogLevelRequest {
 message SetLogLevelResponse {
 }
 
+message RegisterUILogRequest {
+  string path = 1;
+}
+
+message RegisterUILogResponse {
+}
+
 // State represents a daemon state entry
 message State {
   string name = 1;
@@ -613,11 +702,18 @@ message GetEventsResponse {
 }
 
 message SwitchProfileRequest {
+  // profileName is treated as a handle: exact ID, unique ID prefix, or
+  // unique display name. The daemon resolves it server-side.
   optional string profileName = 1;
   optional string username = 2;
 }
 
-message SwitchProfileResponse {}
+message SwitchProfileResponse {
+  // id is the resolved on-disk ID of the profile that became active.
+  // Lets CLI clients update their local active-profile state without
+  // duplicating the resolution logic.
+  string id = 1;
+}
 
 message SetConfigRequest {
   string username = 1;
@@ -677,23 +773,55 @@ message SetConfigRequest {
   optional bool enableSSHRemotePortForwarding = 32;
   optional bool disableSSHAuth = 33;
   optional int32 sshJWTCacheTTL = 34;
+  optional bool disable_ipv6 = 35;
+
+  optional bool enable_local_metrics = 36;
+  optional string local_metrics_address = 37;
+  // remoteJobsAllowed opts the peer into management-requested remote jobs
+  // (e.g. debug bundles). Absent leaves the stored value unchanged.
+  optional bool remoteJobsAllowed = 38;
 }
 
 message SetConfigResponse{}
 
 message AddProfileRequest {
   string username = 1;
+  // profileName carries the human-readable display name for the new
+  // profile. The on-disk filename is a separately-generated ID.
   string profileName = 2;
 }
 
-message AddProfileResponse {}
+message AddProfileResponse {
+  // id is the generated on-disk ID of the new profile. CLI clients
+  // display a truncated form, UI clients can ignore it.
+  string id = 1;
+}
+
+message RenameProfileRequest {
+  string username = 1;
+  // handle: an exact ID, a unique ID prefix, or a unique display name.
+  string handle = 2;
+  // newProfileName is the new human-readable display name for the profile.
+  string newProfileName = 3;
+}
+
+message RenameProfileResponse {
+  // confirm the old profile name after resolving handle.
+  string oldProfileName = 1;
+}
 
 message RemoveProfileRequest {
   string username = 1;
+  // profileName is treated as a handle: an exact ID, a unique ID
+  // prefix, or a unique display name. Resolution happens server-side.
   string profileName = 2;
 }
 
-message RemoveProfileResponse {}
+message RemoveProfileResponse {
+  // id is the full resolved ID of the removed profile, so callers can
+  // confirm exactly which profile a name/prefix handle resolved to.
+  string id = 1;
+}
 
 message ListProfilesRequest {
   string username = 1;
@@ -706,6 +834,7 @@ message ListProfilesResponse {
 message Profile {
   string name = 1;
   bool is_active = 2;
+  string id = 3;
 }
 
 message GetActiveProfileRequest {}
@@ -713,6 +842,7 @@ message GetActiveProfileRequest {}
 message GetActiveProfileResponse {
   string profileName = 1;
   string username = 2;
+  string id = 3;
 }
 
 message LogoutRequest {
@@ -722,12 +852,31 @@ message LogoutRequest {
 
 message LogoutResponse {}
 
+message WailsUIReadyRequest {}
+
+message WailsUIReadyResponse {}
+
 message GetFeaturesRequest{}
 
 message GetFeaturesResponse{
   bool disable_profiles = 1;
   bool disable_update_settings = 2;
   bool disable_networks = 3;
+  // disableAdvancedView gates the upcoming UI revision's advanced
+  // section. Tristate: unset = no MDM directive, the UI applies its
+  // own default; true = MDM enforces disable; false = MDM enforces
+  // enable. Sourced exclusively from the MDM policy — no CLI /
+  // config flag backs this value.
+  optional bool disable_advanced_view = 4;
+}
+
+// MDMManagedFieldsViolation is attached as a gRPC error detail on a
+// FailedPrecondition status returned from SetConfig (and similar mutating
+// RPCs) when the caller tries to modify one or more MDM-enforced fields.
+// The fields list contains the offending key names; the entire request is
+// rejected (no partial apply).
+message MDMManagedFieldsViolation {
+  repeated string fields = 1;
 }
 
 message TriggerUpdateRequest {}
@@ -759,6 +908,10 @@ message GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse {
 message RequestJWTAuthRequest {
   // hint for OIDC login_hint parameter (typically email address)
   optional string hint = 1;
+  // hasGraphicalSession tells the daemon that the caller has a graphical session,
+  // which decides whether PKCE or the device code flow is preferred. The daemon
+  // cannot detect this itself: it does not inherit the session environment.
+  bool hasGraphicalSession = 2;
 }
 
 // RequestJWTAuthResponse contains authentication flow information
@@ -797,6 +950,59 @@ message WaitJWTTokenResponse {
   int64 expiresIn = 3;
 }
 
+// RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest kicks off the session-extension SSO flow.
+message RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest {
+  // Optional OIDC login_hint (typically the user's email) to pre-fill the
+  // IdP login form.
+  optional string hint = 1;
+  // hasGraphicalSession tells the daemon that the caller has a graphical session,
+  // which decides whether PKCE or the device code flow is preferred. The daemon
+  // cannot detect this itself: it does not inherit the session environment.
+  bool hasGraphicalSession = 2;
+}
+
+// RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse carries the verification URI the UI
+// should open in a browser. The daemon retains the flow state and resolves
+// it via WaitExtendAuthSession.
+message RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse {
+  // verification URI for the user to open in the browser
+  string verificationURI = 1;
+  // complete verification URI (with embedded user code)
+  string verificationURIComplete = 2;
+  // user code to enter on verification URI (for device-code flows)
+  string userCode = 3;
+  // device code for matching the WaitExtendAuthSession call to this flow
+  string deviceCode = 4;
+  // expiration time in seconds for the device code / PKCE flow
+  int64 expiresIn = 5;
+}
+
+// WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest is sent by the UI after it opens the
+// verification URI. The daemon blocks on this call until the user
+// completes (or aborts) the SSO step.
+message WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest {
+  // device code returned by RequestExtendAuthSession
+  string deviceCode = 1;
+  // user code for verification
+  string userCode = 2;
+}
+
+// WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse carries the refreshed deadline returned
+// by the management server. Unset when the management server reports the
+// peer is not eligible for session extension.
+message WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse {
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp sessionExpiresAt = 1;
+}
+
+// DismissSessionWarningRequest is sent by the UI when the user clicks
+// "Dismiss" on the T-WarningLead notification.
+message DismissSessionWarningRequest {}
+
+// DismissSessionWarningResponse acknowledges the dismissal. Carries no
+// payload — the daemon's only obligation is to silence the upcoming
+// T-FinalWarningLead fallback for the current deadline.
+message DismissSessionWarningResponse {}
+
 // StartCPUProfileRequest for starting CPU profiling
 message StartCPUProfileRequest {}
 
@@ -848,3 +1054,26 @@ message ExposeServiceReady {
   string domain = 3;
   bool port_auto_assigned = 4;
 }
+
+message StartCaptureRequest {
+  bool text_output = 1;
+  uint32 snap_len = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Duration duration = 3;
+  string filter_expr = 4;
+  bool verbose = 5;
+  bool ascii = 6;
+}
+
+message CapturePacket {
+  bytes data = 1;
+}
+
+message StartBundleCaptureRequest {
+  // timeout auto-stops the capture after this duration.
+  // Clamped to a server-side maximum (10 minutes). Zero or unset defaults to the maximum.
+  google.protobuf.Duration timeout = 1;
+}
+
+message StartBundleCaptureResponse {}
+message StopBundleCaptureRequest {}
+message StopBundleCaptureResponse {}
diff --git a/client/proto/daemon_gateway_test.go b/client/proto/daemon_gateway_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20031e9d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/proto/daemon_gateway_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package proto
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	gatewayruntime "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/runtime"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/test/bufconn"
+)
+
+func TestGatewayServerRoutesCoverDaemonRPCs(t *testing.T) {
+	mux := gatewayruntime.NewServeMux()
+	if err := RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerServer(context.Background(), mux, UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("register daemon gateway server handlers: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	assertAllDaemonGatewayRoutesRegistered(t, mux)
+}
+
+func TestGatewayClientRoutesCoverDaemonRPCs(t *testing.T) {
+	listener := bufconn.Listen(1024 * 1024)
+	server := grpc.NewServer()
+	RegisterDaemonServiceServer(server, UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer{})
+	go func() {
+		if err := server.Serve(listener); err != nil && err != grpc.ErrServerStopped {
+			t.Errorf("serve bufconn gRPC server: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		server.Stop()
+		_ = listener.Close()
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	mux := gatewayruntime.NewServeMux()
+	opts := []grpc.DialOption{
+		grpc.WithContextDialer(func(context.Context, string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return listener.Dial()
+		}),
+		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
+	}
+	if err := RegisterDaemonServiceHandlerFromEndpoint(ctx, mux, "passthrough:///bufnet", opts); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("register daemon gateway client handlers: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	assertAllDaemonGatewayRoutesRegistered(t, mux)
+}
+
+func assertAllDaemonGatewayRoutesRegistered(t *testing.T, mux http.Handler) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, method := range DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Methods {
+		assertGatewayRouteRegistered(t, mux, method.MethodName)
+	}
+	for _, stream := range DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Streams {
+		assertGatewayRouteRegistered(t, mux, stream.StreamName)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertGatewayRouteRegistered(t *testing.T, mux http.Handler, methodName string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	path := "/daemon.DaemonService/" + methodName
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, path, strings.NewReader("{}"))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	res := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	mux.ServeHTTP(res, req)
+
+	if res.Code == http.StatusNotFound {
+		t.Fatalf("gateway route for %s is not registered", methodName)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/proto/daemon_grpc.pb.go b/client/proto/daemon_grpc.pb.go
index e5bd89597..2d01d474d 100644
--- a/client/proto/daemon_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/client/proto/daemon_grpc.pb.go
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.6.1
+// - protoc             v6.33.1
+// source: daemon.proto
 
 package proto
 
@@ -11,8 +15,57 @@ import (
 
 // This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
 // is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
-// Requires gRPC-Go v1.32.0 or later.
-const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7
+// Requires gRPC-Go v1.64.0 or later.
+const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion9
+
+const (
+	DaemonService_Login_FullMethodName                      = "/daemon.DaemonService/Login"
+	DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_FullMethodName               = "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin"
+	DaemonService_Up_FullMethodName                         = "/daemon.DaemonService/Up"
+	DaemonService_Status_FullMethodName                     = "/daemon.DaemonService/Status"
+	DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_FullMethodName            = "/daemon.DaemonService/SubscribeStatus"
+	DaemonService_Down_FullMethodName                       = "/daemon.DaemonService/Down"
+	DaemonService_GetConfig_FullMethodName                  = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig"
+	DaemonService_ListNetworks_FullMethodName               = "/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks"
+	DaemonService_SelectNetworks_FullMethodName             = "/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks"
+	DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_FullMethodName           = "/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks"
+	DaemonService_ForwardingRules_FullMethodName            = "/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules"
+	DaemonService_DebugBundle_FullMethodName                = "/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle"
+	DaemonService_GetLogLevel_FullMethodName                = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel"
+	DaemonService_SetLogLevel_FullMethodName                = "/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel"
+	DaemonService_ListStates_FullMethodName                 = "/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates"
+	DaemonService_CleanState_FullMethodName                 = "/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState"
+	DaemonService_DeleteState_FullMethodName                = "/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState"
+	DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_FullMethodName = "/daemon.DaemonService/SetSyncResponsePersistence"
+	DaemonService_TracePacket_FullMethodName                = "/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket"
+	DaemonService_StartCapture_FullMethodName               = "/daemon.DaemonService/StartCapture"
+	DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_FullMethodName         = "/daemon.DaemonService/StartBundleCapture"
+	DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_FullMethodName          = "/daemon.DaemonService/StopBundleCapture"
+	DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_FullMethodName            = "/daemon.DaemonService/SubscribeEvents"
+	DaemonService_GetEvents_FullMethodName                  = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents"
+	DaemonService_RegisterUILog_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/RegisterUILog"
+	DaemonService_SwitchProfile_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/SwitchProfile"
+	DaemonService_SetConfig_FullMethodName                  = "/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig"
+	DaemonService_AddProfile_FullMethodName                 = "/daemon.DaemonService/AddProfile"
+	DaemonService_RenameProfile_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/RenameProfile"
+	DaemonService_RemoveProfile_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/RemoveProfile"
+	DaemonService_ListProfiles_FullMethodName               = "/daemon.DaemonService/ListProfiles"
+	DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_FullMethodName           = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetActiveProfile"
+	DaemonService_Logout_FullMethodName                     = "/daemon.DaemonService/Logout"
+	DaemonService_GetFeatures_FullMethodName                = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetFeatures"
+	DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/TriggerUpdate"
+	DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_FullMethodName          = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetPeerSSHHostKey"
+	DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_FullMethodName             = "/daemon.DaemonService/RequestJWTAuth"
+	DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_FullMethodName               = "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitJWTToken"
+	DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_FullMethodName   = "/daemon.DaemonService/RequestExtendAuthSession"
+	DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_FullMethodName      = "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitExtendAuthSession"
+	DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_FullMethodName      = "/daemon.DaemonService/DismissSessionWarning"
+	DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_FullMethodName            = "/daemon.DaemonService/StartCPUProfile"
+	DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_FullMethodName             = "/daemon.DaemonService/StopCPUProfile"
+	DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_FullMethodName         = "/daemon.DaemonService/GetInstallerResult"
+	DaemonService_ExposeService_FullMethodName              = "/daemon.DaemonService/ExposeService"
+	DaemonService_WailsUIReady_FullMethodName               = "/daemon.DaemonService/WailsUIReady"
+)
 
 // DaemonServiceClient is the client API for DaemonService service.
 //
@@ -27,6 +80,11 @@ type DaemonServiceClient interface {
 	Up(ctx context.Context, in *UpRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*UpResponse, error)
 	// Status of the service.
 	Status(ctx context.Context, in *StatusRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StatusResponse, error)
+	// SubscribeStatus pushes a fresh StatusResponse on connection state
+	// changes (Connected / Disconnected / Connecting / address change /
+	// peers list change). The first message on the stream is the current
+	// snapshot, so a freshly-subscribed UI doesn't need to also call Status.
+	SubscribeStatus(ctx context.Context, in *StatusRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[StatusResponse], error)
 	// Down stops engine work in the daemon.
 	Down(ctx context.Context, in *DownRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DownResponse, error)
 	// GetConfig of the daemon.
@@ -53,11 +111,24 @@ type DaemonServiceClient interface {
 	// SetSyncResponsePersistence enables or disables sync response persistence
 	SetSyncResponsePersistence(ctx context.Context, in *SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse, error)
 	TracePacket(ctx context.Context, in *TracePacketRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*TracePacketResponse, error)
-	SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (DaemonService_SubscribeEventsClient, error)
+	// StartCapture begins streaming packet capture on the WireGuard interface.
+	// Requires --enable-capture set at service install/reconfigure time.
+	StartCapture(ctx context.Context, in *StartCaptureRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[CapturePacket], error)
+	// StartBundleCapture begins capturing packets to a server-side temp file
+	// for inclusion in the next debug bundle. Auto-stops after the given timeout.
+	StartBundleCapture(ctx context.Context, in *StartBundleCaptureRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StartBundleCaptureResponse, error)
+	// StopBundleCapture stops the running bundle capture. Idempotent.
+	StopBundleCapture(ctx context.Context, in *StopBundleCaptureRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StopBundleCaptureResponse, error)
+	SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[SystemEvent], error)
 	GetEvents(ctx context.Context, in *GetEventsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetEventsResponse, error)
+	// RegisterUILog records the desktop UI's absolute log path so the daemon's
+	// debug bundle can collect it (the daemon runs as root and can't resolve the
+	// user's config dir).
+	RegisterUILog(ctx context.Context, in *RegisterUILogRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RegisterUILogResponse, error)
 	SwitchProfile(ctx context.Context, in *SwitchProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SwitchProfileResponse, error)
 	SetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *SetConfigRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SetConfigResponse, error)
 	AddProfile(ctx context.Context, in *AddProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AddProfileResponse, error)
+	RenameProfile(ctx context.Context, in *RenameProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RenameProfileResponse, error)
 	RemoveProfile(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RemoveProfileResponse, error)
 	ListProfiles(ctx context.Context, in *ListProfilesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListProfilesResponse, error)
 	GetActiveProfile(ctx context.Context, in *GetActiveProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetActiveProfileResponse, error)
@@ -73,14 +144,33 @@ type DaemonServiceClient interface {
 	RequestJWTAuth(ctx context.Context, in *RequestJWTAuthRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RequestJWTAuthResponse, error)
 	// WaitJWTToken waits for JWT authentication completion
 	WaitJWTToken(ctx context.Context, in *WaitJWTTokenRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*WaitJWTTokenResponse, error)
+	// RequestExtendAuthSession initiates an SSO session-extension flow.
+	// The daemon prepares a PKCE/device-code request against the IdP and
+	// returns the verification URI; the UI is expected to open it. The flow
+	// state is kept in the daemon until WaitExtendAuthSession completes it.
+	RequestExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, in *RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse, error)
+	// WaitExtendAuthSession blocks until the user finishes the SSO step
+	// started by RequestExtendAuthSession, then forwards the resulting JWT
+	// to the management server's ExtendAuthSession RPC. Returns the new
+	// session expiry deadline. The tunnel stays up the entire time.
+	WaitExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, in *WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse, error)
+	// DismissSessionWarning records that the user clicked "Dismiss" on the
+	// T-WarningLead interactive notification, suppressing the auto-opened
+	// SessionAboutToExpire dialog that would otherwise fire at
+	// T-FinalWarningLead for the current deadline. Idempotent and best-effort:
+	// a missed call only means the fallback dialog will still appear.
+	DismissSessionWarning(ctx context.Context, in *DismissSessionWarningRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DismissSessionWarningResponse, error)
 	// StartCPUProfile starts CPU profiling in the daemon
 	StartCPUProfile(ctx context.Context, in *StartCPUProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StartCPUProfileResponse, error)
 	// StopCPUProfile stops CPU profiling in the daemon
 	StopCPUProfile(ctx context.Context, in *StopCPUProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StopCPUProfileResponse, error)
-	NotifyOSLifecycle(ctx context.Context, in *OSLifecycleRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*OSLifecycleResponse, error)
 	GetInstallerResult(ctx context.Context, in *InstallerResultRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InstallerResultResponse, error)
 	// ExposeService exposes a local port via the NetBird reverse proxy
-	ExposeService(ctx context.Context, in *ExposeServiceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (DaemonService_ExposeServiceClient, error)
+	ExposeService(ctx context.Context, in *ExposeServiceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[ExposeServiceEvent], error)
+	// WailsUIReady is a no-op probe the Wails UI calls once at startup. The UI
+	// only cares whether the daemon implements it: an Unimplemented response
+	// means the daemon predates this UI and is too old to drive it.
+	WailsUIReady(ctx context.Context, in *WailsUIReadyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*WailsUIReadyResponse, error)
 }
 
 type daemonServiceClient struct {
@@ -92,8 +182,9 @@ func NewDaemonServiceClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) DaemonServiceClient {
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) Login(ctx context.Context, in *LoginRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*LoginResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(LoginResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/Login", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_Login_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -101,8 +192,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) Login(ctx context.Context, in *LoginRequest, opts
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) WaitSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, in *WaitSSOLoginRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*WaitSSOLoginResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(WaitSSOLoginResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -110,8 +202,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) WaitSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, in *WaitSSOLogin
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) Up(ctx context.Context, in *UpRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*UpResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(UpResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/Up", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_Up_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -119,17 +212,38 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) Up(ctx context.Context, in *UpRequest, opts ...grp
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) Status(ctx context.Context, in *StatusRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StatusResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(StatusResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/Status", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_Status_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) SubscribeStatus(ctx context.Context, in *StatusRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[StatusResponse], error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[StatusRequest, StatusResponse]{ClientStream: stream}
+	if err := x.ClientStream.SendMsg(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := x.ClientStream.CloseSend(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return x, nil
+}
+
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type DaemonService_SubscribeStatusClient = grpc.ServerStreamingClient[StatusResponse]
+
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) Down(ctx context.Context, in *DownRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DownResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(DownResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/Down", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_Down_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -137,8 +251,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) Down(ctx context.Context, in *DownRequest, opts ..
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *GetConfigRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetConfigResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(GetConfigResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetConfig_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -146,8 +261,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *GetConfigReques
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *ListNetworksRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListNetworksResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(ListNetworksResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_ListNetworks_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -155,8 +271,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *ListNetworks
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) SelectNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *SelectNetworksRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SelectNetworksResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SelectNetworksResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_SelectNetworks_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -164,8 +281,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SelectNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *SelectNetw
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) DeselectNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *SelectNetworksRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SelectNetworksResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SelectNetworksResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -173,8 +291,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) DeselectNetworks(ctx context.Context, in *SelectNe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) ForwardingRules(ctx context.Context, in *EmptyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ForwardingRulesResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(ForwardingRulesResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_ForwardingRules_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -182,8 +301,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) ForwardingRules(ctx context.Context, in *EmptyRequ
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) DebugBundle(ctx context.Context, in *DebugBundleRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DebugBundleResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(DebugBundleResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_DebugBundle_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -191,8 +311,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) DebugBundle(ctx context.Context, in *DebugBundleRe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetLogLevel(ctx context.Context, in *GetLogLevelRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetLogLevelResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(GetLogLevelResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetLogLevel_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -200,8 +321,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetLogLevel(ctx context.Context, in *GetLogLevelRe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetLogLevel(ctx context.Context, in *SetLogLevelRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SetLogLevelResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SetLogLevelResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_SetLogLevel_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -209,8 +331,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetLogLevel(ctx context.Context, in *SetLogLevelRe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListStates(ctx context.Context, in *ListStatesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListStatesResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(ListStatesResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_ListStates_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -218,8 +341,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListStates(ctx context.Context, in *ListStatesRequ
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) CleanState(ctx context.Context, in *CleanStateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CleanStateResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(CleanStateResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_CleanState_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -227,8 +351,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) CleanState(ctx context.Context, in *CleanStateRequ
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) DeleteState(ctx context.Context, in *DeleteStateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DeleteStateResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(DeleteStateResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_DeleteState_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -236,8 +361,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) DeleteState(ctx context.Context, in *DeleteStateRe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetSyncResponsePersistence(ctx context.Context, in *SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetSyncResponsePersistence", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -245,20 +371,22 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetSyncResponsePersistence(ctx context.Context, in
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) TracePacket(ctx context.Context, in *TracePacketRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*TracePacketResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(TracePacketResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_TracePacket_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func (c *daemonServiceClient) SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (DaemonService_SubscribeEventsClient, error) {
-	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], "/daemon.DaemonService/SubscribeEvents", opts...)
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) StartCapture(ctx context.Context, in *StartCaptureRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[CapturePacket], error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Streams[1], DaemonService_StartCapture_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	x := &daemonServiceSubscribeEventsClient{stream}
+	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[StartCaptureRequest, CapturePacket]{ClientStream: stream}
 	if err := x.ClientStream.SendMsg(in); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -268,26 +396,62 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *Subscribe
 	return x, nil
 }
 
-type DaemonService_SubscribeEventsClient interface {
-	Recv() (*SystemEvent, error)
-	grpc.ClientStream
-}
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type DaemonService_StartCaptureClient = grpc.ServerStreamingClient[CapturePacket]
 
-type daemonServiceSubscribeEventsClient struct {
-	grpc.ClientStream
-}
-
-func (x *daemonServiceSubscribeEventsClient) Recv() (*SystemEvent, error) {
-	m := new(SystemEvent)
-	if err := x.ClientStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) StartBundleCapture(ctx context.Context, in *StartBundleCaptureRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StartBundleCaptureResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(StartBundleCaptureResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return m, nil
+	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) StopBundleCapture(ctx context.Context, in *StopBundleCaptureRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StopBundleCaptureResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(StopBundleCaptureResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) SubscribeEvents(ctx context.Context, in *SubscribeRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[SystemEvent], error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Streams[2], DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[SubscribeRequest, SystemEvent]{ClientStream: stream}
+	if err := x.ClientStream.SendMsg(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := x.ClientStream.CloseSend(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return x, nil
+}
+
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type DaemonService_SubscribeEventsClient = grpc.ServerStreamingClient[SystemEvent]
+
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetEvents(ctx context.Context, in *GetEventsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetEventsResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(GetEventsResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetEvents_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) RegisterUILog(ctx context.Context, in *RegisterUILogRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RegisterUILogResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(RegisterUILogResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_RegisterUILog_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -295,8 +459,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetEvents(ctx context.Context, in *GetEventsReques
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) SwitchProfile(ctx context.Context, in *SwitchProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SwitchProfileResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SwitchProfileResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/SwitchProfile", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_SwitchProfile_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -304,8 +469,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SwitchProfile(ctx context.Context, in *SwitchProfi
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *SetConfigRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SetConfigResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(SetConfigResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_SetConfig_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -313,8 +479,19 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) SetConfig(ctx context.Context, in *SetConfigReques
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) AddProfile(ctx context.Context, in *AddProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AddProfileResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(AddProfileResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/AddProfile", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_AddProfile_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) RenameProfile(ctx context.Context, in *RenameProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RenameProfileResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(RenameProfileResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_RenameProfile_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -322,8 +499,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) AddProfile(ctx context.Context, in *AddProfileRequ
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) RemoveProfile(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RemoveProfileResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(RemoveProfileResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/RemoveProfile", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_RemoveProfile_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -331,8 +509,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) RemoveProfile(ctx context.Context, in *RemoveProfi
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListProfiles(ctx context.Context, in *ListProfilesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ListProfilesResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(ListProfilesResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/ListProfiles", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_ListProfiles_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -340,8 +519,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) ListProfiles(ctx context.Context, in *ListProfiles
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetActiveProfile(ctx context.Context, in *GetActiveProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetActiveProfileResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(GetActiveProfileResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetActiveProfile", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -349,8 +529,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetActiveProfile(ctx context.Context, in *GetActiv
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) Logout(ctx context.Context, in *LogoutRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*LogoutResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(LogoutResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/Logout", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_Logout_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -358,8 +539,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) Logout(ctx context.Context, in *LogoutRequest, opt
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetFeatures(ctx context.Context, in *GetFeaturesRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetFeaturesResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(GetFeaturesResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetFeatures", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetFeatures_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -367,8 +549,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetFeatures(ctx context.Context, in *GetFeaturesRe
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) TriggerUpdate(ctx context.Context, in *TriggerUpdateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*TriggerUpdateResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(TriggerUpdateResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/TriggerUpdate", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -376,8 +559,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) TriggerUpdate(ctx context.Context, in *TriggerUpda
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetPeerSSHHostKey(ctx context.Context, in *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetPeerSSHHostKey", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -385,8 +569,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetPeerSSHHostKey(ctx context.Context, in *GetPeer
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) RequestJWTAuth(ctx context.Context, in *RequestJWTAuthRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RequestJWTAuthResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(RequestJWTAuthResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/RequestJWTAuth", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -394,8 +579,39 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) RequestJWTAuth(ctx context.Context, in *RequestJWT
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) WaitJWTToken(ctx context.Context, in *WaitJWTTokenRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*WaitJWTTokenResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(WaitJWTTokenResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitJWTToken", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) RequestExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, in *RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) WaitExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, in *WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) DismissSessionWarning(ctx context.Context, in *DismissSessionWarningRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*DismissSessionWarningResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(DismissSessionWarningResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -403,8 +619,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) WaitJWTToken(ctx context.Context, in *WaitJWTToken
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) StartCPUProfile(ctx context.Context, in *StartCPUProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StartCPUProfileResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(StartCPUProfileResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/StartCPUProfile", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -412,17 +629,9 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) StartCPUProfile(ctx context.Context, in *StartCPUP
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) StopCPUProfile(ctx context.Context, in *StopCPUProfileRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*StopCPUProfileResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(StopCPUProfileResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/StopCPUProfile", in, out, opts...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return out, nil
-}
-
-func (c *daemonServiceClient) NotifyOSLifecycle(ctx context.Context, in *OSLifecycleRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*OSLifecycleResponse, error) {
-	out := new(OSLifecycleResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/NotifyOSLifecycle", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -430,20 +639,22 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) NotifyOSLifecycle(ctx context.Context, in *OSLifec
 }
 
 func (c *daemonServiceClient) GetInstallerResult(ctx context.Context, in *InstallerResultRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*InstallerResultResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
 	out := new(InstallerResultResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/daemon.DaemonService/GetInstallerResult", in, out, opts...)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return out, nil
 }
 
-func (c *daemonServiceClient) ExposeService(ctx context.Context, in *ExposeServiceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (DaemonService_ExposeServiceClient, error) {
-	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Streams[1], "/daemon.DaemonService/ExposeService", opts...)
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) ExposeService(ctx context.Context, in *ExposeServiceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.ServerStreamingClient[ExposeServiceEvent], error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &DaemonService_ServiceDesc.Streams[3], DaemonService_ExposeService_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	x := &daemonServiceExposeServiceClient{stream}
+	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[ExposeServiceRequest, ExposeServiceEvent]{ClientStream: stream}
 	if err := x.ClientStream.SendMsg(in); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -453,26 +664,22 @@ func (c *daemonServiceClient) ExposeService(ctx context.Context, in *ExposeServi
 	return x, nil
 }
 
-type DaemonService_ExposeServiceClient interface {
-	Recv() (*ExposeServiceEvent, error)
-	grpc.ClientStream
-}
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type DaemonService_ExposeServiceClient = grpc.ServerStreamingClient[ExposeServiceEvent]
 
-type daemonServiceExposeServiceClient struct {
-	grpc.ClientStream
-}
-
-func (x *daemonServiceExposeServiceClient) Recv() (*ExposeServiceEvent, error) {
-	m := new(ExposeServiceEvent)
-	if err := x.ClientStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
+func (c *daemonServiceClient) WailsUIReady(ctx context.Context, in *WailsUIReadyRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*WailsUIReadyResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(WailsUIReadyResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, DaemonService_WailsUIReady_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return m, nil
+	return out, nil
 }
 
 // DaemonServiceServer is the server API for DaemonService service.
 // All implementations must embed UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer
-// for forward compatibility
+// for forward compatibility.
 type DaemonServiceServer interface {
 	// Login uses setup key to prepare configuration for the daemon.
 	Login(context.Context, *LoginRequest) (*LoginResponse, error)
@@ -483,6 +690,11 @@ type DaemonServiceServer interface {
 	Up(context.Context, *UpRequest) (*UpResponse, error)
 	// Status of the service.
 	Status(context.Context, *StatusRequest) (*StatusResponse, error)
+	// SubscribeStatus pushes a fresh StatusResponse on connection state
+	// changes (Connected / Disconnected / Connecting / address change /
+	// peers list change). The first message on the stream is the current
+	// snapshot, so a freshly-subscribed UI doesn't need to also call Status.
+	SubscribeStatus(*StatusRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[StatusResponse]) error
 	// Down stops engine work in the daemon.
 	Down(context.Context, *DownRequest) (*DownResponse, error)
 	// GetConfig of the daemon.
@@ -509,11 +721,24 @@ type DaemonServiceServer interface {
 	// SetSyncResponsePersistence enables or disables sync response persistence
 	SetSyncResponsePersistence(context.Context, *SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest) (*SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse, error)
 	TracePacket(context.Context, *TracePacketRequest) (*TracePacketResponse, error)
-	SubscribeEvents(*SubscribeRequest, DaemonService_SubscribeEventsServer) error
+	// StartCapture begins streaming packet capture on the WireGuard interface.
+	// Requires --enable-capture set at service install/reconfigure time.
+	StartCapture(*StartCaptureRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[CapturePacket]) error
+	// StartBundleCapture begins capturing packets to a server-side temp file
+	// for inclusion in the next debug bundle. Auto-stops after the given timeout.
+	StartBundleCapture(context.Context, *StartBundleCaptureRequest) (*StartBundleCaptureResponse, error)
+	// StopBundleCapture stops the running bundle capture. Idempotent.
+	StopBundleCapture(context.Context, *StopBundleCaptureRequest) (*StopBundleCaptureResponse, error)
+	SubscribeEvents(*SubscribeRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[SystemEvent]) error
 	GetEvents(context.Context, *GetEventsRequest) (*GetEventsResponse, error)
+	// RegisterUILog records the desktop UI's absolute log path so the daemon's
+	// debug bundle can collect it (the daemon runs as root and can't resolve the
+	// user's config dir).
+	RegisterUILog(context.Context, *RegisterUILogRequest) (*RegisterUILogResponse, error)
 	SwitchProfile(context.Context, *SwitchProfileRequest) (*SwitchProfileResponse, error)
 	SetConfig(context.Context, *SetConfigRequest) (*SetConfigResponse, error)
 	AddProfile(context.Context, *AddProfileRequest) (*AddProfileResponse, error)
+	RenameProfile(context.Context, *RenameProfileRequest) (*RenameProfileResponse, error)
 	RemoveProfile(context.Context, *RemoveProfileRequest) (*RemoveProfileResponse, error)
 	ListProfiles(context.Context, *ListProfilesRequest) (*ListProfilesResponse, error)
 	GetActiveProfile(context.Context, *GetActiveProfileRequest) (*GetActiveProfileResponse, error)
@@ -529,133 +754,183 @@ type DaemonServiceServer interface {
 	RequestJWTAuth(context.Context, *RequestJWTAuthRequest) (*RequestJWTAuthResponse, error)
 	// WaitJWTToken waits for JWT authentication completion
 	WaitJWTToken(context.Context, *WaitJWTTokenRequest) (*WaitJWTTokenResponse, error)
+	// RequestExtendAuthSession initiates an SSO session-extension flow.
+	// The daemon prepares a PKCE/device-code request against the IdP and
+	// returns the verification URI; the UI is expected to open it. The flow
+	// state is kept in the daemon until WaitExtendAuthSession completes it.
+	RequestExtendAuthSession(context.Context, *RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) (*RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse, error)
+	// WaitExtendAuthSession blocks until the user finishes the SSO step
+	// started by RequestExtendAuthSession, then forwards the resulting JWT
+	// to the management server's ExtendAuthSession RPC. Returns the new
+	// session expiry deadline. The tunnel stays up the entire time.
+	WaitExtendAuthSession(context.Context, *WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) (*WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse, error)
+	// DismissSessionWarning records that the user clicked "Dismiss" on the
+	// T-WarningLead interactive notification, suppressing the auto-opened
+	// SessionAboutToExpire dialog that would otherwise fire at
+	// T-FinalWarningLead for the current deadline. Idempotent and best-effort:
+	// a missed call only means the fallback dialog will still appear.
+	DismissSessionWarning(context.Context, *DismissSessionWarningRequest) (*DismissSessionWarningResponse, error)
 	// StartCPUProfile starts CPU profiling in the daemon
 	StartCPUProfile(context.Context, *StartCPUProfileRequest) (*StartCPUProfileResponse, error)
 	// StopCPUProfile stops CPU profiling in the daemon
 	StopCPUProfile(context.Context, *StopCPUProfileRequest) (*StopCPUProfileResponse, error)
-	NotifyOSLifecycle(context.Context, *OSLifecycleRequest) (*OSLifecycleResponse, error)
 	GetInstallerResult(context.Context, *InstallerResultRequest) (*InstallerResultResponse, error)
 	// ExposeService exposes a local port via the NetBird reverse proxy
-	ExposeService(*ExposeServiceRequest, DaemonService_ExposeServiceServer) error
+	ExposeService(*ExposeServiceRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[ExposeServiceEvent]) error
+	// WailsUIReady is a no-op probe the Wails UI calls once at startup. The UI
+	// only cares whether the daemon implements it: an Unimplemented response
+	// means the daemon predates this UI and is too old to drive it.
+	WailsUIReady(context.Context, *WailsUIReadyRequest) (*WailsUIReadyResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedDaemonServiceServer()
 }
 
-// UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer must be embedded to have forward compatible implementations.
-type UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer struct {
-}
+// UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer must be embedded to have
+// forward compatible implementations.
+//
+// NOTE: this should be embedded by value instead of pointer to avoid a nil
+// pointer dereference when methods are called.
+type UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer struct{}
 
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) Login(context.Context, *LoginRequest) (*LoginResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Login not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method Login not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) WaitSSOLogin(context.Context, *WaitSSOLoginRequest) (*WaitSSOLoginResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method WaitSSOLogin not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method WaitSSOLogin not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) Up(context.Context, *UpRequest) (*UpResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Up not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method Up not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) Status(context.Context, *StatusRequest) (*StatusResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Status not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method Status not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SubscribeStatus(*StatusRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[StatusResponse]) error {
+	return status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SubscribeStatus not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) Down(context.Context, *DownRequest) (*DownResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Down not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method Down not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) GetConfig(context.Context, *GetConfigRequest) (*GetConfigResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetConfig not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetConfig not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) ListNetworks(context.Context, *ListNetworksRequest) (*ListNetworksResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListNetworks not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListNetworks not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SelectNetworks(context.Context, *SelectNetworksRequest) (*SelectNetworksResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SelectNetworks not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SelectNetworks not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) DeselectNetworks(context.Context, *SelectNetworksRequest) (*SelectNetworksResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeselectNetworks not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeselectNetworks not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) ForwardingRules(context.Context, *EmptyRequest) (*ForwardingRulesResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ForwardingRules not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ForwardingRules not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) DebugBundle(context.Context, *DebugBundleRequest) (*DebugBundleResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DebugBundle not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method DebugBundle not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) GetLogLevel(context.Context, *GetLogLevelRequest) (*GetLogLevelResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetLogLevel not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetLogLevel not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SetLogLevel(context.Context, *SetLogLevelRequest) (*SetLogLevelResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetLogLevel not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetLogLevel not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) ListStates(context.Context, *ListStatesRequest) (*ListStatesResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListStates not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListStates not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) CleanState(context.Context, *CleanStateRequest) (*CleanStateResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CleanState not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method CleanState not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) DeleteState(context.Context, *DeleteStateRequest) (*DeleteStateResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeleteState not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeleteState not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SetSyncResponsePersistence(context.Context, *SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest) (*SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetSyncResponsePersistence not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetSyncResponsePersistence not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) TracePacket(context.Context, *TracePacketRequest) (*TracePacketResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method TracePacket not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method TracePacket not implemented")
 }
-func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SubscribeEvents(*SubscribeRequest, DaemonService_SubscribeEventsServer) error {
-	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SubscribeEvents not implemented")
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) StartCapture(*StartCaptureRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[CapturePacket]) error {
+	return status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method StartCapture not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) StartBundleCapture(context.Context, *StartBundleCaptureRequest) (*StartBundleCaptureResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method StartBundleCapture not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) StopBundleCapture(context.Context, *StopBundleCaptureRequest) (*StopBundleCaptureResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method StopBundleCapture not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SubscribeEvents(*SubscribeRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[SystemEvent]) error {
+	return status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SubscribeEvents not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) GetEvents(context.Context, *GetEventsRequest) (*GetEventsResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetEvents not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetEvents not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) RegisterUILog(context.Context, *RegisterUILogRequest) (*RegisterUILogResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method RegisterUILog not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SwitchProfile(context.Context, *SwitchProfileRequest) (*SwitchProfileResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SwitchProfile not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SwitchProfile not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) SetConfig(context.Context, *SetConfigRequest) (*SetConfigResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetConfig not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method SetConfig not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) AddProfile(context.Context, *AddProfileRequest) (*AddProfileResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method AddProfile not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method AddProfile not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) RenameProfile(context.Context, *RenameProfileRequest) (*RenameProfileResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method RenameProfile not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) RemoveProfile(context.Context, *RemoveProfileRequest) (*RemoveProfileResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method RemoveProfile not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method RemoveProfile not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) ListProfiles(context.Context, *ListProfilesRequest) (*ListProfilesResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListProfiles not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ListProfiles not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) GetActiveProfile(context.Context, *GetActiveProfileRequest) (*GetActiveProfileResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetActiveProfile not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetActiveProfile not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) Logout(context.Context, *LogoutRequest) (*LogoutResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Logout not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method Logout not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) GetFeatures(context.Context, *GetFeaturesRequest) (*GetFeaturesResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetFeatures not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetFeatures not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) TriggerUpdate(context.Context, *TriggerUpdateRequest) (*TriggerUpdateResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method TriggerUpdate not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method TriggerUpdate not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) GetPeerSSHHostKey(context.Context, *GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest) (*GetPeerSSHHostKeyResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetPeerSSHHostKey not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetPeerSSHHostKey not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) RequestJWTAuth(context.Context, *RequestJWTAuthRequest) (*RequestJWTAuthResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method RequestJWTAuth not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method RequestJWTAuth not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) WaitJWTToken(context.Context, *WaitJWTTokenRequest) (*WaitJWTTokenResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method WaitJWTToken not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method WaitJWTToken not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) RequestExtendAuthSession(context.Context, *RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest) (*RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method RequestExtendAuthSession not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) WaitExtendAuthSession(context.Context, *WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest) (*WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method WaitExtendAuthSession not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) DismissSessionWarning(context.Context, *DismissSessionWarningRequest) (*DismissSessionWarningResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method DismissSessionWarning not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) StartCPUProfile(context.Context, *StartCPUProfileRequest) (*StartCPUProfileResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method StartCPUProfile not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method StartCPUProfile not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) StopCPUProfile(context.Context, *StopCPUProfileRequest) (*StopCPUProfileResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method StopCPUProfile not implemented")
-}
-func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) NotifyOSLifecycle(context.Context, *OSLifecycleRequest) (*OSLifecycleResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method NotifyOSLifecycle not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method StopCPUProfile not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) GetInstallerResult(context.Context, *InstallerResultRequest) (*InstallerResultResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetInstallerResult not implemented")
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetInstallerResult not implemented")
 }
-func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) ExposeService(*ExposeServiceRequest, DaemonService_ExposeServiceServer) error {
-	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExposeService not implemented")
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) ExposeService(*ExposeServiceRequest, grpc.ServerStreamingServer[ExposeServiceEvent]) error {
+	return status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExposeService not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) WailsUIReady(context.Context, *WailsUIReadyRequest) (*WailsUIReadyResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method WailsUIReady not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedDaemonServiceServer() {}
+func (UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer) testEmbeddedByValue()                       {}
 
 // UnsafeDaemonServiceServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
 // Use of this interface is not recommended, as added methods to DaemonServiceServer will
@@ -665,6 +940,13 @@ type UnsafeDaemonServiceServer interface {
 }
 
 func RegisterDaemonServiceServer(s grpc.ServiceRegistrar, srv DaemonServiceServer) {
+	// If the following call panics, it indicates UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer was
+	// embedded by pointer and is nil.  This will cause panics if an
+	// unimplemented method is ever invoked, so we test this at initialization
+	// time to prevent it from happening at runtime later due to I/O.
+	if t, ok := srv.(interface{ testEmbeddedByValue() }); ok {
+		t.testEmbeddedByValue()
+	}
 	s.RegisterService(&DaemonService_ServiceDesc, srv)
 }
 
@@ -678,7 +960,7 @@ func _DaemonService_Login_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/Login",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_Login_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).Login(ctx, req.(*LoginRequest))
@@ -696,7 +978,7 @@ func _DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitSSOLogin",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_WaitSSOLogin_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).WaitSSOLogin(ctx, req.(*WaitSSOLoginRequest))
@@ -714,7 +996,7 @@ func _DaemonService_Up_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(in
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/Up",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_Up_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).Up(ctx, req.(*UpRequest))
@@ -732,7 +1014,7 @@ func _DaemonService_Status_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec fun
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/Status",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_Status_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).Status(ctx, req.(*StatusRequest))
@@ -740,6 +1022,17 @@ func _DaemonService_Status_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec fun
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
+	m := new(StatusRequest)
+	if err := stream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SubscribeStatus(m, &grpc.GenericServerStream[StatusRequest, StatusResponse]{ServerStream: stream})
+}
+
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type DaemonService_SubscribeStatusServer = grpc.ServerStreamingServer[StatusResponse]
+
 func _DaemonService_Down_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(DownRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -750,7 +1043,7 @@ func _DaemonService_Down_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/Down",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_Down_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).Down(ctx, req.(*DownRequest))
@@ -768,7 +1061,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetConfig_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetConfig",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetConfig_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetConfig(ctx, req.(*GetConfigRequest))
@@ -786,7 +1079,7 @@ func _DaemonService_ListNetworks_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/ListNetworks",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_ListNetworks_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).ListNetworks(ctx, req.(*ListNetworksRequest))
@@ -804,7 +1097,7 @@ func _DaemonService_SelectNetworks_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/SelectNetworks",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_SelectNetworks_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SelectNetworks(ctx, req.(*SelectNetworksRequest))
@@ -822,7 +1115,7 @@ func _DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Contex
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/DeselectNetworks",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_DeselectNetworks_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).DeselectNetworks(ctx, req.(*SelectNetworksRequest))
@@ -840,7 +1133,7 @@ func _DaemonService_ForwardingRules_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/ForwardingRules",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_ForwardingRules_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).ForwardingRules(ctx, req.(*EmptyRequest))
@@ -858,7 +1151,7 @@ func _DaemonService_DebugBundle_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/DebugBundle",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_DebugBundle_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).DebugBundle(ctx, req.(*DebugBundleRequest))
@@ -876,7 +1169,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetLogLevel_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetLogLevel",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetLogLevel_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetLogLevel(ctx, req.(*GetLogLevelRequest))
@@ -894,7 +1187,7 @@ func _DaemonService_SetLogLevel_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/SetLogLevel",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_SetLogLevel_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SetLogLevel(ctx, req.(*SetLogLevelRequest))
@@ -912,7 +1205,7 @@ func _DaemonService_ListStates_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/ListStates",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_ListStates_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).ListStates(ctx, req.(*ListStatesRequest))
@@ -930,7 +1223,7 @@ func _DaemonService_CleanState_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/CleanState",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_CleanState_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).CleanState(ctx, req.(*CleanStateRequest))
@@ -948,7 +1241,7 @@ func _DaemonService_DeleteState_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/DeleteState",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_DeleteState_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).DeleteState(ctx, req.(*DeleteStateRequest))
@@ -966,7 +1259,7 @@ func _DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx cont
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/SetSyncResponsePersistence",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_SetSyncResponsePersistence_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SetSyncResponsePersistence(ctx, req.(*SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest))
@@ -984,7 +1277,7 @@ func _DaemonService_TracePacket_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/TracePacket",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_TracePacket_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).TracePacket(ctx, req.(*TracePacketRequest))
@@ -992,26 +1285,63 @@ func _DaemonService_TracePacket_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _DaemonService_StartCapture_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
+	m := new(StartCaptureRequest)
+	if err := stream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).StartCapture(m, &grpc.GenericServerStream[StartCaptureRequest, CapturePacket]{ServerStream: stream})
+}
+
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type DaemonService_StartCaptureServer = grpc.ServerStreamingServer[CapturePacket]
+
+func _DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(StartBundleCaptureRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).StartBundleCapture(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).StartBundleCapture(ctx, req.(*StartBundleCaptureRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+func _DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(StopBundleCaptureRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).StopBundleCapture(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).StopBundleCapture(ctx, req.(*StopBundleCaptureRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
 	m := new(SubscribeRequest)
 	if err := stream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SubscribeEvents(m, &daemonServiceSubscribeEventsServer{stream})
+	return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SubscribeEvents(m, &grpc.GenericServerStream[SubscribeRequest, SystemEvent]{ServerStream: stream})
 }
 
-type DaemonService_SubscribeEventsServer interface {
-	Send(*SystemEvent) error
-	grpc.ServerStream
-}
-
-type daemonServiceSubscribeEventsServer struct {
-	grpc.ServerStream
-}
-
-func (x *daemonServiceSubscribeEventsServer) Send(m *SystemEvent) error {
-	return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)
-}
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type DaemonService_SubscribeEventsServer = grpc.ServerStreamingServer[SystemEvent]
 
 func _DaemonService_GetEvents_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(GetEventsRequest)
@@ -1023,7 +1353,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetEvents_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetEvents",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetEvents_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetEvents(ctx, req.(*GetEventsRequest))
@@ -1031,6 +1361,24 @@ func _DaemonService_GetEvents_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _DaemonService_RegisterUILog_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(RegisterUILogRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).RegisterUILog(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_RegisterUILog_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).RegisterUILog(ctx, req.(*RegisterUILogRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _DaemonService_SwitchProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(SwitchProfileRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -1041,7 +1389,7 @@ func _DaemonService_SwitchProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/SwitchProfile",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_SwitchProfile_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SwitchProfile(ctx, req.(*SwitchProfileRequest))
@@ -1059,7 +1407,7 @@ func _DaemonService_SetConfig_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/SetConfig",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_SetConfig_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).SetConfig(ctx, req.(*SetConfigRequest))
@@ -1077,7 +1425,7 @@ func _DaemonService_AddProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/AddProfile",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_AddProfile_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).AddProfile(ctx, req.(*AddProfileRequest))
@@ -1085,6 +1433,24 @@ func _DaemonService_AddProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _DaemonService_RenameProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(RenameProfileRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).RenameProfile(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_RenameProfile_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).RenameProfile(ctx, req.(*RenameProfileRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _DaemonService_RemoveProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(RemoveProfileRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -1095,7 +1461,7 @@ func _DaemonService_RemoveProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/RemoveProfile",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_RemoveProfile_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).RemoveProfile(ctx, req.(*RemoveProfileRequest))
@@ -1113,7 +1479,7 @@ func _DaemonService_ListProfiles_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/ListProfiles",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_ListProfiles_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).ListProfiles(ctx, req.(*ListProfilesRequest))
@@ -1131,7 +1497,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Contex
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetActiveProfile",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetActiveProfile_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetActiveProfile(ctx, req.(*GetActiveProfileRequest))
@@ -1149,7 +1515,7 @@ func _DaemonService_Logout_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec fun
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/Logout",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_Logout_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).Logout(ctx, req.(*LogoutRequest))
@@ -1167,7 +1533,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetFeatures_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, de
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetFeatures",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetFeatures_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetFeatures(ctx, req.(*GetFeaturesRequest))
@@ -1185,7 +1551,7 @@ func _DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/TriggerUpdate",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_TriggerUpdate_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).TriggerUpdate(ctx, req.(*TriggerUpdateRequest))
@@ -1203,7 +1569,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Conte
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetPeerSSHHostKey",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetPeerSSHHostKey_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetPeerSSHHostKey(ctx, req.(*GetPeerSSHHostKeyRequest))
@@ -1221,7 +1587,7 @@ func _DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/RequestJWTAuth",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_RequestJWTAuth_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).RequestJWTAuth(ctx, req.(*RequestJWTAuthRequest))
@@ -1239,7 +1605,7 @@ func _DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/WaitJWTToken",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).WaitJWTToken(ctx, req.(*WaitJWTTokenRequest))
@@ -1247,6 +1613,60 @@ func _DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, d
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).RequestExtendAuthSession(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).RequestExtendAuthSession(ctx, req.(*RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+func _DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).WaitExtendAuthSession(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).WaitExtendAuthSession(ctx, req.(*WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+func _DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(DismissSessionWarningRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).DismissSessionWarning(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).DismissSessionWarning(ctx, req.(*DismissSessionWarningRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(StartCPUProfileRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -1257,7 +1677,7 @@ func _DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/StartCPUProfile",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).StartCPUProfile(ctx, req.(*StartCPUProfileRequest))
@@ -1275,7 +1695,7 @@ func _DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/StopCPUProfile",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).StopCPUProfile(ctx, req.(*StopCPUProfileRequest))
@@ -1283,24 +1703,6 @@ func _DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
-func _DaemonService_NotifyOSLifecycle_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(OSLifecycleRequest)
-	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).NotifyOSLifecycle(ctx, in)
-	}
-	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
-		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/NotifyOSLifecycle",
-	}
-	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).NotifyOSLifecycle(ctx, req.(*OSLifecycleRequest))
-	}
-	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
-}
-
 func _DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(InstallerResultRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -1311,7 +1713,7 @@ func _DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Cont
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: "/daemon.DaemonService/GetInstallerResult",
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
 		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).GetInstallerResult(ctx, req.(*InstallerResultRequest))
@@ -1324,20 +1726,28 @@ func _DaemonService_ExposeService_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStr
 	if err := stream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).ExposeService(m, &daemonServiceExposeServiceServer{stream})
+	return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).ExposeService(m, &grpc.GenericServerStream[ExposeServiceRequest, ExposeServiceEvent]{ServerStream: stream})
 }
 
-type DaemonService_ExposeServiceServer interface {
-	Send(*ExposeServiceEvent) error
-	grpc.ServerStream
-}
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type DaemonService_ExposeServiceServer = grpc.ServerStreamingServer[ExposeServiceEvent]
 
-type daemonServiceExposeServiceServer struct {
-	grpc.ServerStream
-}
-
-func (x *daemonServiceExposeServiceServer) Send(m *ExposeServiceEvent) error {
-	return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)
+func _DaemonService_WailsUIReady_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(WailsUIReadyRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).WailsUIReady(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: DaemonService_WailsUIReady_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(DaemonServiceServer).WailsUIReady(ctx, req.(*WailsUIReadyRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
 // DaemonService_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for DaemonService service.
@@ -1419,10 +1829,22 @@ var DaemonService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "TracePacket",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_TracePacket_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "StartBundleCapture",
+			Handler:    _DaemonService_StartBundleCapture_Handler,
+		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "StopBundleCapture",
+			Handler:    _DaemonService_StopBundleCapture_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "GetEvents",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_GetEvents_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "RegisterUILog",
+			Handler:    _DaemonService_RegisterUILog_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "SwitchProfile",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_SwitchProfile_Handler,
@@ -1435,6 +1857,10 @@ var DaemonService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "AddProfile",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_AddProfile_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "RenameProfile",
+			Handler:    _DaemonService_RenameProfile_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "RemoveProfile",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_RemoveProfile_Handler,
@@ -1471,6 +1897,18 @@ var DaemonService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "WaitJWTToken",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_WaitJWTToken_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "RequestExtendAuthSession",
+			Handler:    _DaemonService_RequestExtendAuthSession_Handler,
+		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "WaitExtendAuthSession",
+			Handler:    _DaemonService_WaitExtendAuthSession_Handler,
+		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "DismissSessionWarning",
+			Handler:    _DaemonService_DismissSessionWarning_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "StartCPUProfile",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_StartCPUProfile_Handler,
@@ -1479,16 +1917,26 @@ var DaemonService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "StopCPUProfile",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_StopCPUProfile_Handler,
 		},
-		{
-			MethodName: "NotifyOSLifecycle",
-			Handler:    _DaemonService_NotifyOSLifecycle_Handler,
-		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "GetInstallerResult",
 			Handler:    _DaemonService_GetInstallerResult_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "WailsUIReady",
+			Handler:    _DaemonService_WailsUIReady_Handler,
+		},
 	},
 	Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{
+		{
+			StreamName:    "SubscribeStatus",
+			Handler:       _DaemonService_SubscribeStatus_Handler,
+			ServerStreams: true,
+		},
+		{
+			StreamName:    "StartCapture",
+			Handler:       _DaemonService_StartCapture_Handler,
+			ServerStreams: true,
+		},
 		{
 			StreamName:    "SubscribeEvents",
 			Handler:       _DaemonService_SubscribeEvents_Handler,
diff --git a/client/proto/generate.sh b/client/proto/generate.sh
index e659cef90..d73367d12 100755
--- a/client/proto/generate.sh
+++ b/client/proto/generate.sh
@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
-if ! which realpath > /dev/null 2>&1
-then
-  echo realpath is not installed
-  echo run: brew install coreutils
-  exit 1
+if ! which realpath >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+	echo realpath is not installed
+	echo run: brew install coreutils
+	exit 1
 fi
 
 old_pwd=$(pwd)
-script_path=$(dirname $(realpath "$0"))
+script_path=$(dirname "$(realpath "$0")")
 cd "$script_path"
 go install google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go@v1.36.6
-go install google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc@v1.1
-protoc -I ./ ./daemon.proto --go_out=../ --go-grpc_out=../ --experimental_allow_proto3_optional
+go install google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc@v1.6.1
+go install github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/protoc-gen-grpc-gateway@v2.26.3
+protoc -I ./ ./daemon.proto \
+  --go_out=../ \
+  --go-grpc_out=../ \
+  --grpc-gateway_out=../ \
+  --grpc-gateway_opt=generate_unbound_methods=true \
+  --experimental_allow_proto3_optional
 cd "$old_pwd"
diff --git a/client/proto/metadata.go b/client/proto/metadata.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b1dbd16e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/proto/metadata.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package proto
+
+// SystemEvent metadata markers. The daemon stamps these on internal control
+// events it publishes over SubscribeEvents (profile-list refresh, log-level
+// change); the desktop UI recognises them and acts on them instead of
+// surfacing them as user-facing notifications.
+//
+// These live in the proto package — the shared contract both the daemon
+// (client/server) and the UI (client/ui/services) already import — so producer
+// and consumer reference the same constant rather than duplicating literals.
+// This file is hand-written and not touched by protoc.
+const (
+	// MetadataKindKey is the SystemEvent.metadata key carrying the event-kind
+	// marker (one of the MetadataKind* values below).
+	MetadataKindKey = "kind"
+
+	// MetadataKindProfileListChanged marks a CLI-driven profile add/remove that
+	// should nudge the UI's profile views to refresh.
+	MetadataKindProfileListChanged = "profile-list-changed"
+	// MetadataKindLogLevelChanged marks a daemon log-level change (or the
+	// per-subscription snapshot) that drives the GUI's file logging on/off.
+	MetadataKindLogLevelChanged = "log-level-changed"
+
+	// MetadataProfileKey carries the profile name for
+	// MetadataKindProfileListChanged.
+	MetadataProfileKey = "profile"
+	// MetadataLevelKey carries the lowercase logrus level name for
+	// MetadataKindLogLevelChanged.
+	MetadataLevelKey = "level"
+)
+
+// SystemEvent metadata markers for daemon config-change events. The daemon
+// publishes a SYSTEM-category event whenever its effective Config is
+// replaced (engine spawn, Up RPC, MDM policy diff); the UI re-fetches its
+// cached config/features in response and, for the MDM source, shows a
+// localised toast. Producer (client/server) and consumer (client/ui) share
+// these so neither duplicates the wire literals.
+const (
+	// MetadataTypeKey is the SystemEvent.metadata key carrying the
+	// config-change event type (one of the MetadataType* values below).
+	MetadataTypeKey = "type"
+	// MetadataTypeConfigChanged marks a config replacement that should nudge
+	// UIs to re-fetch their cached config + features. UserMessage is empty so
+	// the change is silent; the source is carried in MetadataSourceKey.
+	MetadataTypeConfigChanged = "config_changed"
+	// MetadataTypePolicyApplied marks an MDM-policy-driven config change. The
+	// daemon stamps it with a (non-localised) UserMessage; the UI suppresses
+	// that and builds its own localised toast off the paired config_changed
+	// event instead.
+	MetadataTypePolicyApplied = "policy_applied"
+
+	// MetadataSourceKey is the SystemEvent.metadata key carrying what
+	// triggered a config_changed event (one of the MetadataSource* values).
+	MetadataSourceKey = "source"
+	// MetadataSourceStartup marks a config_changed from the daemon Start path.
+	MetadataSourceStartup = "startup"
+	// MetadataSourceUpRPC marks a config_changed from the Up RPC.
+	MetadataSourceUpRPC = "up_rpc"
+	// MetadataSourceMDM marks a config_changed driven by an MDM policy diff.
+	MetadataSourceMDM = "mdm"
+)
diff --git a/client/server/capture.go b/client/server/capture.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..308c00338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/capture.go
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/capture"
+)
+
+const maxBundleCaptureDuration = 10 * time.Minute
+
+// bundleCapture holds the state of an in-progress capture destined for the
+// debug bundle. The lifecycle is:
+//
+//	StartBundleCapture → capture running, writing to temp file
+//	StopBundleCapture  → capture stopped, temp file available
+//	DebugBundle        → temp file included in zip, then cleaned up
+type bundleCapture struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	sess    *capture.Session
+	file    *os.File
+	engine  *internal.Engine
+	cancel  context.CancelFunc
+	stopped bool
+}
+
+// stop halts the capture session and closes the pcap writer. Idempotent.
+func (bc *bundleCapture) stop() {
+	bc.mu.Lock()
+	defer bc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if bc.stopped {
+		return
+	}
+	bc.stopped = true
+
+	if bc.cancel != nil {
+		bc.cancel()
+	}
+	if bc.sess != nil {
+		bc.sess.Stop()
+	}
+}
+
+// path returns the temp file path, or "" if no file exists.
+func (bc *bundleCapture) path() string {
+	if bc.file == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return bc.file.Name()
+}
+
+// cleanup removes the temp file.
+func (bc *bundleCapture) cleanup() {
+	if bc.file == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	name := bc.file.Name()
+	if err := bc.file.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("close bundle capture file: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Remove(name); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		log.Debugf("remove bundle capture file: %v", err)
+	}
+	bc.file = nil
+}
+
+// StartCapture streams a pcap or text packet capture over gRPC.
+// Gated by the --enable-capture service flag.
+func (s *Server) StartCapture(req *proto.StartCaptureRequest, stream proto.DaemonService_StartCaptureServer) error {
+	if !s.captureEnabled {
+		return status.Error(codes.PermissionDenied,
+			"packet capture is disabled; reinstall or reconfigure the service with --enable-capture")
+	}
+
+	if d := req.GetDuration(); d != nil && d.AsDuration() < 0 {
+		return status.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, "duration must not be negative")
+	}
+
+	matcher, err := parseCaptureFilter(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "invalid filter: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	pr, pw := io.Pipe()
+
+	opts := capture.Options{
+		Matcher: matcher,
+		SnapLen: req.GetSnapLen(),
+		Verbose: req.GetVerbose(),
+		ASCII:   req.GetAscii(),
+	}
+	if req.GetTextOutput() {
+		opts.TextOutput = pw
+	} else {
+		opts.Output = pw
+	}
+
+	sess, err := capture.NewSession(opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		pw.Close()
+		return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "create capture session: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	engine, err := s.claimCapture(sess)
+	if err != nil {
+		sess.Stop()
+		pw.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := engine.SetCapture(sess); err != nil {
+		s.releaseCapture(sess)
+		sess.Stop()
+		pw.Close()
+		return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "set capture: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Send an empty initial message to signal that the capture was accepted.
+	// The client waits for this before printing the banner, so it must arrive
+	// before any packet data.
+	if err := stream.Send(&proto.CapturePacket{}); err != nil {
+		s.clearCaptureIfOwner(sess, engine)
+		sess.Stop()
+		pw.Close()
+		return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "send initial message: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx := stream.Context()
+	if d := req.GetDuration(); d != nil {
+		if dur := d.AsDuration(); dur > 0 {
+			var cancel context.CancelFunc
+			ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, dur)
+			defer cancel()
+		}
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		s.clearCaptureIfOwner(sess, engine)
+		sess.Stop()
+		pw.Close()
+	}()
+	defer pr.Close()
+
+	log.Infof("packet capture started (text=%v, expr=%q)", req.GetTextOutput(), req.GetFilterExpr())
+	defer func() {
+		stats := sess.Stats()
+		log.Infof("packet capture stopped: %d packets, %d bytes, %d dropped",
+			stats.Packets, stats.Bytes, stats.Dropped)
+	}()
+
+	return streamToGRPC(pr, stream)
+}
+
+func streamToGRPC(r io.Reader, stream proto.DaemonService_StartCaptureServer) error {
+	buf := make([]byte, 32*1024)
+	for {
+		n, readErr := r.Read(buf)
+		if n > 0 {
+			if err := stream.Send(&proto.CapturePacket{Data: buf[:n]}); err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("capture stream send: %v", err)
+				return nil //nolint:nilerr // client disconnected
+			}
+		}
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return nil //nolint:nilerr // pipe closed, capture stopped normally
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// StartBundleCapture begins capturing packets to a server-side temp file for
+// inclusion in the next debug bundle. Not gated by --enable-capture since the
+// output stays on the server (same trust level as CPU profiling).
+//
+// A timeout auto-stops the capture as a safety net if StopBundleCapture is
+// never called (e.g. CLI crash).
+func (s *Server) StartBundleCapture(_ context.Context, req *proto.StartBundleCaptureRequest) (*proto.StartBundleCaptureResponse, error) {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	s.stopBundleCaptureLocked()
+	s.cleanupBundleCapture()
+
+	if s.activeCapture != nil {
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.FailedPrecondition, "another capture is already running")
+	}
+
+	engine, err := s.getCaptureEngineLocked()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Not fatal: kernel mode or not connected. Log and return success
+		// so the debug bundle still generates without capture data.
+		log.Warnf("packet capture unavailable, skipping: %v", err)
+		return &proto.StartBundleCaptureResponse{}, nil
+	}
+
+	timeout := req.GetTimeout().AsDuration()
+	if timeout <= 0 || timeout > maxBundleCaptureDuration {
+		timeout = maxBundleCaptureDuration
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "netbird.capture.*.pcap")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "create temp file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sess, err := capture.NewSession(capture.Options{Output: f})
+	if err != nil {
+		f.Close()
+		os.Remove(f.Name())
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "create capture session: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := engine.SetCapture(sess); err != nil {
+		sess.Stop()
+		f.Close()
+		os.Remove(f.Name())
+		log.Warnf("packet capture unavailable (no filtered device), skipping: %v", err)
+		return &proto.StartBundleCaptureResponse{}, nil
+	}
+	s.activeCapture = sess
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	bc := &bundleCapture{
+		sess:   sess,
+		file:   f,
+		engine: engine,
+		cancel: cancel,
+	}
+
+	s.bundleCapture = bc
+
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		s.mutex.Lock()
+		if s.bundleCapture == bc {
+			s.stopBundleCaptureLocked()
+		} else {
+			bc.stop()
+		}
+		s.mutex.Unlock()
+		log.Infof("bundle capture auto-stopped after timeout")
+	}()
+	log.Infof("bundle capture started (timeout=%s, file=%s)", timeout, f.Name())
+
+	return &proto.StartBundleCaptureResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+// StopBundleCapture stops the running bundle capture. Idempotent.
+func (s *Server) StopBundleCapture(_ context.Context, _ *proto.StopBundleCaptureRequest) (*proto.StopBundleCaptureResponse, error) {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	s.stopBundleCaptureLocked()
+	return &proto.StopBundleCaptureResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+// stopBundleCaptureLocked stops the bundle capture if running. Must hold s.mutex.
+func (s *Server) stopBundleCaptureLocked() {
+	if s.bundleCapture == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	bc := s.bundleCapture
+	if bc.engine != nil && s.activeCapture == bc.sess {
+		if err := bc.engine.SetCapture(nil); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("clear bundle capture: %v", err)
+		}
+		s.activeCapture = nil
+	}
+	bc.stop()
+
+	stats := bc.sess.Stats()
+	log.Infof("bundle capture stopped: %d packets, %d bytes, %d dropped",
+		stats.Packets, stats.Bytes, stats.Dropped)
+}
+
+// bundleCapturePath returns the temp file path if a capture has been taken,
+// stops any running capture, and returns "". Called from DebugBundle.
+// Must hold s.mutex.
+func (s *Server) bundleCapturePath() string {
+	if s.bundleCapture == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	s.bundleCapture.stop()
+	return s.bundleCapture.path()
+}
+
+// cleanupBundleCapture removes the temp file and clears state. Must hold s.mutex.
+func (s *Server) cleanupBundleCapture() {
+	if s.bundleCapture == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.bundleCapture.cleanup()
+	s.bundleCapture = nil
+}
+
+// claimCapture reserves the engine's capture slot for sess. Returns
+// FailedPrecondition if another capture is already active.
+func (s *Server) claimCapture(sess *capture.Session) (*internal.Engine, error) {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if s.activeCapture != nil {
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.FailedPrecondition, "another capture is already running")
+	}
+	engine, err := s.getCaptureEngineLocked()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	s.activeCapture = sess
+	return engine, nil
+}
+
+// releaseCapture clears the active-capture owner if it still matches sess.
+func (s *Server) releaseCapture(sess *capture.Session) {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+	if s.activeCapture == sess {
+		s.activeCapture = nil
+	}
+}
+
+// clearCaptureIfOwner clears engine's capture slot only if sess still owns it.
+func (s *Server) clearCaptureIfOwner(sess *capture.Session, engine *internal.Engine) {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+	if s.activeCapture != sess {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := engine.SetCapture(nil); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("clear capture: %v", err)
+	}
+	s.activeCapture = nil
+}
+
+func (s *Server) getCaptureEngineLocked() (*internal.Engine, error) {
+	if s.connectClient == nil {
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.FailedPrecondition, "client not connected")
+	}
+	engine := s.connectClient.Engine()
+	if engine == nil {
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.FailedPrecondition, "engine not initialized")
+	}
+	return engine, nil
+}
+
+// parseCaptureFilter returns a Matcher from the request.
+// Returns nil (match all) when no filter expression is set.
+func parseCaptureFilter(req *proto.StartCaptureRequest) (capture.Matcher, error) {
+	expr := req.GetFilterExpr()
+	if expr == "" {
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // nil Matcher means "match all"
+	}
+	return capture.ParseFilter(expr)
+}
diff --git a/client/server/debug.go b/client/server/debug.go
index 81708e576..8f4a506b4 100644
--- a/client/server/debug.go
+++ b/client/server/debug.go
@@ -7,17 +7,63 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime/pprof"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/debug"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	mgmProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
 // DebugBundle creates a debug bundle and returns the location.
-func (s *Server) DebugBundle(_ context.Context, req *proto.DebugBundleRequest) (resp *proto.DebugBundleResponse, err error) {
+func (s *Server) DebugBundle(callerCtx context.Context, req *proto.DebugBundleRequest) (resp *proto.DebugBundleResponse, err error) {
+	if err := requirePrivilegeForUploadURL(callerCtx, req.GetUploadURL(), req.GetUploadInsecure()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// The UI log is opened as whoever asked for this bundle, so a caller only
+	// collects a log it owns (privileged callers excepted). ok is false on a
+	// socket that carries no identity, which skips the UI log.
+	callerID, callerIdentified := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(callerCtx)
+
+	path, managementURL, err := s.generateDebugBundle(req, uiLogOpener(callerID, callerIdentified))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if req.GetUploadURL() == "" {
+		return &proto.DebugBundleResponse{Path: path}, nil
+	}
+
+	// The upload runs without s.mutex held: it does network I/O to a possibly
+	// slow destination and must not block the other RPCs that take the lock. The
+	// bounded context is a backstop against a hung connection.
+	uploadCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	key, err := debug.UploadDebugBundle(uploadCtx, req.GetUploadURL(), managementURL, path, req.GetUploadInsecure())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to upload debug bundle to %s: %v", req.GetUploadURL(), err)
+		return &proto.DebugBundleResponse{Path: path, UploadFailureReason: err.Error()}, nil
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("debug bundle uploaded to %s with key %s", req.GetUploadURL(), key)
+
+	return &proto.DebugBundleResponse{Path: path, UploadedKey: key}, nil
+}
+
+// generateDebugBundle builds the bundle under s.mutex and returns its path plus
+// the management URL captured under the lock, so the caller can run the upload
+// without holding the lock.
+func (s *Server) generateDebugBundle(req *proto.DebugBundleRequest, uiOpener debug.LogOpener) (path string, managementURL string, err error) {
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
@@ -43,14 +89,19 @@ func (s *Server) DebugBundle(_ context.Context, req *proto.DebugBundleRequest) (
 		}()
 	}
 
-	// Prepare refresh callback for health probes
+	capturePath := s.bundleCapturePath()
+	defer s.cleanupBundleCapture()
+
 	var refreshStatus func()
 	if s.connectClient != nil {
 		engine := s.connectClient.Engine()
 		if engine != nil {
 			refreshStatus = func() {
 				log.Debug("refreshing system health status for debug bundle")
-				engine.RunHealthProbes(true)
+				// Background ctx: the bundle wants a full, fresh probe regardless
+				// of the DebugBundle RPC client's lifetime. The engine's own ctx
+				// still aborts it on shutdown.
+				engine.RunHealthProbes(context.Background(), true)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -61,34 +112,33 @@ func (s *Server) DebugBundle(_ context.Context, req *proto.DebugBundleRequest) (
 			StatusRecorder: s.statusRecorder,
 			SyncResponse:   syncResponse,
 			LogPath:        s.logFile,
+			UILogPath:      s.uiLogPath,
+			UILogOpener:    uiOpener,
 			CPUProfile:     cpuProfileData,
+			CapturePath:    capturePath,
 			RefreshStatus:  refreshStatus,
 			ClientMetrics:  clientMetrics,
+			DaemonVersion:  version.NetbirdVersion(),
+			CliVersion:     req.CliVersion,
 		},
 		debug.BundleConfig{
 			Anonymize:         req.GetAnonymize(),
+			AnonymizeLevel:    anonymize.ParseLevel(req.GetAnonymizeLevel()),
 			IncludeSystemInfo: req.GetSystemInfo(),
 			LogFileCount:      req.GetLogFileCount(),
 		},
 	)
 
-	path, err := bundleGenerator.Generate()
+	path, err = bundleGenerator.Generate()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("generate debug bundle: %w", err)
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("generate debug bundle: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if req.GetUploadURL() == "" {
-		return &proto.DebugBundleResponse{Path: path}, nil
-	}
-	key, err := debug.UploadDebugBundle(context.Background(), req.GetUploadURL(), s.config.ManagementURL.String(), path)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to upload debug bundle to %s: %v", req.GetUploadURL(), err)
-		return &proto.DebugBundleResponse{Path: path, UploadFailureReason: err.Error()}, nil
+	if s.config != nil && s.config.ManagementURL != nil {
+		managementURL = s.config.ManagementURL.String()
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("debug bundle uploaded to %s with key %s", req.GetUploadURL(), key)
-
-	return &proto.DebugBundleResponse{Path: path, UploadedKey: key}, nil
+	return path, managementURL, nil
 }
 
 // GetLogLevel gets the current logging level for the server.
@@ -118,9 +168,48 @@ func (s *Server) SetLogLevel(_ context.Context, req *proto.SetLogLevelRequest) (
 
 	log.Infof("Log level set to %s", level.String())
 
+	// Signal the desktop UI so it can attach/detach its gui-client.log. Rides
+	// the SubscribeEvents stream as a marked event (see publishLogLevelChanged).
+	s.publishLogLevelChanged(level.String())
+
 	return &proto.SetLogLevelResponse{}, nil
 }
 
+// RegisterUILog records the desktop UI's absolute log path so DebugBundle can
+// collect the GUI log. The daemon runs as root and can't resolve the user's
+// config dir, so the UI reports it. Last-writer-wins (one UI per socket).
+//
+// The path arrives over an IPC any local user can reach and is later opened by
+// a root daemon, so it is constrained to the file name the UI writes and to a
+// local absolute path. Authorization happens when DebugBundle opens it: the
+// bundle refuses a file its requester does not own. A caller the daemon cannot
+// identify cannot register a path at all.
+func (s *Server) RegisterUILog(callerCtx context.Context, req *proto.RegisterUILogRequest) (*proto.RegisterUILogResponse, error) {
+	if _, ok := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(callerCtx); !ok {
+		return nil, gstatus.Error(codes.PermissionDenied,
+			"registering a UI log path requires a control channel that carries the caller's identity")
+	}
+
+	path := filepath.Clean(req.GetPath())
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(path) || filepath.Base(path) != uiLogFileName {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "UI log path must be an absolute path ending in %s", uiLogFileName)
+	}
+	// filepath.IsAbs accepts a Windows UNC path (\\host\share\...) and a device
+	// path (\\.\, \\?\); opening one would make the root daemon reach a remote
+	// or device namespace. Require a plain local path.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(path, `\\`) {
+		return nil, gstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, "UI log path must be a local path, not a UNC or device path")
+	}
+
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	s.uiLogPath = path
+	log.Infof("registered UI log path %s", s.uiLogPath)
+
+	return &proto.RegisterUILogResponse{}, nil
+}
+
 // SetSyncResponsePersistence sets the sync response persistence for the server.
 func (s *Server) SetSyncResponsePersistence(_ context.Context, req *proto.SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest) (*proto.SetSyncResponsePersistenceResponse, error) {
 	s.mutex.Lock()
diff --git a/client/server/debug_gate.go b/client/server/debug_gate.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..983a13aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/debug_gate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/configs"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/debug"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/upload-server/types"
+)
+
+// uiLogFileName is the only file name the daemon accepts as a UI log path. The
+// UI (writer), this validation, and the bundle collector all read it from
+// configs so they cannot drift.
+const uiLogFileName = configs.UILogFile
+
+// uiLogOpener opens the registered UI log, and its rotated siblings, on behalf
+// of the caller requesting the bundle: OpenOwnedFile then collects the log only
+// when that caller owns it (or is privileged). identified is false on a socket
+// that carries no caller identity, in which case nothing is opened.
+func uiLogOpener(id ipcauth.Identity, identified bool) debug.LogOpener {
+	return func(path string) (*os.File, error) {
+		if !identified {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bundle requester has no verified identity")
+		}
+		return ipcauth.OpenOwnedFile(id, path)
+	}
+}
+
+// requirePrivilegeForUploadURL restricts where the daemon may send a debug
+// bundle. The bundle holds the daemon's own logs and state, and the daemon
+// fetches the upload URL itself, so an unrestricted endpoint turns the daemon
+// into both an exfiltration channel and a request forwarder that reaches
+// services only it can talk to.
+//
+// The upload service NetBird publishes is open to any caller, since that is what
+// the CLI and the desktop UI use. Any other endpoint, self-hosted upload servers
+// included, requires a privileged caller. Plaintext is refused for everyone: the
+// daemon fetches the URL and then PUTs the bundle to whatever that fetch returns,
+// so an http hop is a place to intercept the bundle or the redirect.
+//
+// insecure relaxes transport security (http, or an untrusted TLS certificate)
+// for a self-hosted server. It weakens a root-privileged upload, so it is
+// refused for an unprivileged caller regardless of the host.
+func requirePrivilegeForUploadURL(ctx context.Context, rawURL string, insecure bool) error {
+	if rawURL == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(rawURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "parse upload URL: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// --insecure relaxes https to http or an untrusted certificate; it does not
+	// widen the URL to arbitrary schemes, so a host and http/https are required
+	// before the insecure branch takes over.
+	if parsed.Host == "" || (parsed.Scheme != "https" && parsed.Scheme != "http") {
+		return gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "upload URL must be http or https with a host")
+	}
+
+	if insecure {
+		return denyPrivileged(ctx,
+			"uploading a debug bundle without transport security (--upload-bundle-insecure)",
+			ipcauth.ElevatedCommand("netbird debug bundle -U --upload-bundle-insecure --upload-bundle-url <url>"))
+	}
+
+	if parsed.Scheme != "https" {
+		return gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "upload URL must use https, got scheme %q", parsed.Scheme)
+	}
+
+	if isDefaultUploadService(parsed) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return denyPrivileged(ctx,
+		"uploading a debug bundle to an upload service other than the default one",
+		ipcauth.ElevatedCommand("netbird debug bundle -U --upload-bundle-url <url>"))
+}
+
+// isDefaultUploadService reports whether the URL points at the upload service
+// NetBird runs. Only the host is compared: the service's path may differ between
+// releases, and the host is what decides who receives the bundle.
+func isDefaultUploadService(parsed *url.URL) bool {
+	defaultURL, err := url.Parse(types.DefaultBundleURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return parsed.Scheme == defaultURL.Scheme && strings.EqualFold(parsed.Host, defaultURL.Host)
+}
diff --git a/client/server/debug_gate_test.go b/client/server/debug_gate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e958fc581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/debug_gate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/upload-server/types"
+)
+
+func TestRegisterUILogRefusesUnidentifiedCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{}
+
+	_, err := s.RegisterUILog(noIdentityCtx(), &proto.RegisterUILogRequest{
+		Path: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), uiLogFileName),
+	})
+
+	if gstatus.Code(err) != codes.PermissionDenied {
+		t.Fatalf("code = %v, want PermissionDenied", gstatus.Code(err))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterUILogRefusesForeignPath(t *testing.T) {
+	secret := "/etc/shadow"
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		secret = `C:\Windows\System32\config\SAM`
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		path string
+	}{
+		{"empty", ""},
+		{"relative", filepath.Join("netbird", uiLogFileName)},
+		{"another file", secret},
+		{"directory of the log", t.TempDir()},
+		{"unc path", `\\attacker\share\` + uiLogFileName},
+		{"device path", `\\.\C:\` + uiLogFileName},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := &Server{}
+
+			_, err := s.RegisterUILog(userCtx(), &proto.RegisterUILogRequest{Path: tc.path})
+
+			if gstatus.Code(err) != codes.InvalidArgument {
+				t.Fatalf("code = %v, want InvalidArgument", gstatus.Code(err))
+			}
+			if s.uiLogPath != "" {
+				t.Fatalf("path %q was recorded despite the refusal", s.uiLogPath)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterUILogRecordsPath(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{}
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), uiLogFileName)
+
+	if _, err := s.RegisterUILog(userCtx(), &proto.RegisterUILogRequest{Path: path}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("register: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if s.uiLogPath != path {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want %q", s.uiLogPath, path)
+	}
+}
+
+// The UI log is opened as the bundle requester, so a second local user cannot
+// collect a log they do not own, and an unidentified requester collects nothing.
+func TestUILogOpenerBindsToRequester(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), uiLogFileName)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("log line"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write log: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// A different unprivileged user than the file's owner: refused.
+	if _, err := uiLogOpener(unprivilegedIdentity(), true)(path); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a file the requester does not own to be refused")
+	}
+
+	// No verified identity: refused.
+	if _, err := uiLogOpener(ipcauth.Identity{}, false)(path); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected an unidentified requester to be refused")
+	}
+
+	// The requester that owns the file: allowed. The test process created it, so
+	// its own identity is the owner (and a privileged runner is exempt anyway).
+	owner, err := ipcauth.CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("current identity: %v", err)
+	}
+	f, err := uiLogOpener(owner, true)(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected the owning requester to be allowed, got %v", err)
+	}
+	_ = f.Close()
+}
+
+func TestRequirePrivilegeForUploadURL(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		url      string
+		insecure bool
+		unprivOK bool
+		invalid  bool
+		rootAlso bool
+	}{
+		{name: "no upload", url: "", unprivOK: true},
+		{name: "default service", url: types.DefaultBundleURL, unprivOK: true},
+		{name: "default service, other path", url: "https://upload.debug.netbird.io/other", unprivOK: true},
+		{name: "loopback exfiltration endpoint", url: "https://127.0.0.1:8080/upload-url", rootAlso: true},
+		{name: "custom upload service", url: "https://attacker.example/upload-url", rootAlso: true},
+		{name: "plaintext default host", url: "http://upload.debug.netbird.io/upload-url", invalid: true},
+		{name: "plaintext custom host", url: "http://attacker.example/upload-url", invalid: true},
+		{name: "unsupported scheme", url: "file:///etc/shadow", invalid: true},
+		// insecure relaxes transport security; privileged only, whatever the host.
+		{name: "insecure http custom", url: "http://selfhosted.local/upload-url", insecure: true, rootAlso: true},
+		{name: "insecure https custom", url: "https://selfhosted.local/upload-url", insecure: true, rootAlso: true},
+		{name: "insecure default host", url: types.DefaultBundleURL, insecure: true, rootAlso: true},
+		// --insecure must not widen the URL to non-http(s) schemes or a hostless URL.
+		{name: "insecure file scheme", url: "file:///etc/shadow", insecure: true, invalid: true},
+		{name: "insecure hostless", url: "https:///upload-url", insecure: true, invalid: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := requirePrivilegeForUploadURL(userCtx(), tc.url, tc.insecure)
+
+			switch {
+			case tc.invalid:
+				if gstatus.Code(err) != codes.InvalidArgument {
+					t.Fatalf("code = %v, want InvalidArgument", gstatus.Code(err))
+				}
+				return
+			case tc.unprivOK:
+				assertAllowed(t, err)
+				return
+			default:
+				assertDenied(t, err)
+			}
+
+			if tc.rootAlso {
+				assertAllowed(t, requirePrivilegeForUploadURL(rootCtx(), tc.url, tc.insecure))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/server/event.go b/client/server/event.go
index d93151c96..753a051e7 100644
--- a/client/server/event.go
+++ b/client/server/event.go
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package server
 
 import (
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
@@ -16,6 +18,15 @@ func (s *Server) SubscribeEvents(req *proto.SubscribeRequest, stream proto.Daemo
 	log.Debug("client subscribed to events")
 	s.startUpdateManagerForGUI()
 
+	// Replay the current log level to this subscriber so a freshly-connected UI
+	// learns it even when the daemon was already started with --log-level debug
+	// (the change-driven publishLogLevelChanged only fires on SetLogLevel). Sent
+	// directly on this stream rather than via PublishEvent so it reaches only
+	// the new subscriber, not every connected client.
+	if err := s.sendCurrentLogLevel(stream); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	for {
 		select {
 		case event := <-subscription.Events():
@@ -28,3 +39,24 @@ func (s *Server) SubscribeEvents(req *proto.SubscribeRequest, stream proto.Daemo
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// sendCurrentLogLevel sends a marked log-level-changed SystemEvent carrying the
+// daemon's current level directly to one subscriber. Mirrors the shape
+// publishLogLevelChanged emits so the UI's dispatchSystemEvent handles both the
+// same way.
+func (s *Server) sendCurrentLogLevel(stream proto.DaemonService_SubscribeEventsServer) error {
+	level := log.GetLevel().String()
+	event := &proto.SystemEvent{
+		Id:        uuid.New().String(),
+		Severity:  proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
+		Category:  proto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+		Message:   "Log level changed",
+		Metadata:  map[string]string{proto.MetadataKindKey: proto.MetadataKindLogLevelChanged, proto.MetadataLevelKey: level},
+		Timestamp: timestamppb.Now(),
+	}
+	if err := stream.Send(event); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("error sending initial log level event: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/server/extend_authsession_test.go b/client/server/extend_authsession_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1a048a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/extend_authsession_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+func TestInnermostStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("wrapped gRPC status", func(t *testing.T) {
+		inner := gstatus.Error(codes.PermissionDenied, "peer is already registered by a different User or a Setup Key")
+		// Mirror the daemon wrap chain: engine wraps with %w, mgm error is the inner status.
+		wrapped := fmt.Errorf("extend auth session on management: %w", inner)
+
+		st := innermostStatus(wrapped)
+		require.NotNil(t, st)
+		require.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, st.Code())
+		require.Equal(t, "peer is already registered by a different User or a Setup Key", st.Message())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("deepest status wins over an outer one", func(t *testing.T) {
+		inner := gstatus.Error(codes.PermissionDenied, "deepest")
+		chain := fmt.Errorf("outer: %w", fmt.Errorf("mid: %w", inner))
+
+		st := innermostStatus(chain)
+		require.NotNil(t, st)
+		require.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, st.Code())
+		require.Equal(t, "deepest", st.Message())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no status in chain", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.Nil(t, innermostStatus(errors.New("plain error")))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.Nil(t, innermostStatus(nil))
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/server/jwt_cache.go b/client/server/jwt_cache.go
index 21e170517..73cec046d 100644
--- a/client/server/jwt_cache.go
+++ b/client/server/jwt_cache.go
@@ -6,11 +6,21 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/awnumar/memguard"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
 )
 
 type jwtCache struct {
-	mu           sync.RWMutex
-	enclave      *memguard.Enclave
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	enclave *memguard.Enclave
+	owner   *ipcauth.Identity
+
+	// generation counts the invalidations. A caller that starts an
+	// authentication takes the generation first and hands it back to store, so
+	// a token obtained under a session that ended while the IdP was being
+	// polled cannot land in the cache the new session is using.
+	generation uint64
+
 	expiresAt    time.Time
 	timer        *time.Timer
 	maxTokenSize int
@@ -22,10 +32,23 @@ func newJWTCache() *jwtCache {
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *jwtCache) store(token string, maxAge time.Duration) {
+func (c *jwtCache) currentGeneration() uint64 {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.generation
+}
+
+// store keeps the token only while generation is still the current one, and
+// reports whether it did. See the generation field.
+func (c *jwtCache) store(token string, owner ipcauth.Identity, maxAge time.Duration, generation uint64) bool {
 	c.mu.Lock()
 	defer c.mu.Unlock()
 
+	if c.generation != generation {
+		return false
+	}
+
 	c.cleanup()
 
 	if c.timer != nil {
@@ -35,6 +58,7 @@ func (c *jwtCache) store(token string, maxAge time.Duration) {
 	tokenBytes := []byte(token)
 	c.enclave = memguard.NewEnclave(tokenBytes)
 
+	c.owner = &owner
 	c.expiresAt = time.Now().Add(maxAge)
 
 	var timer *time.Timer
@@ -49,9 +73,12 @@ func (c *jwtCache) store(token string, maxAge time.Duration) {
 		log.Debugf("JWT token cache expired after %v, securely wiped from memory", maxAge)
 	})
 	c.timer = timer
+
+	return true
 }
 
-func (c *jwtCache) get() (string, bool) {
+// get returns the cached token to the identity that stored it.
+func (c *jwtCache) get(caller ipcauth.Identity) (string, bool) {
 	c.mu.RLock()
 	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
 
@@ -59,6 +86,11 @@ func (c *jwtCache) get() (string, bool) {
 		return "", false
 	}
 
+	if c.owner == nil || !c.owner.SameUser(caller) {
+		log.Warnf("refusing the cached SSH JWT: caller %s is not the identity that obtained it", caller)
+		return "", false
+	}
+
 	buffer, err := c.enclave.Open()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("Failed to open JWT token enclave: %v", err)
@@ -70,10 +102,23 @@ func (c *jwtCache) get() (string, bool) {
 	return token, true
 }
 
+func (c *jwtCache) clear() {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if c.timer != nil {
+		c.timer.Stop()
+		c.timer = nil
+	}
+	c.cleanup()
+	c.generation++
+}
+
 // cleanup destroys the secure enclave, must be called with lock held
 func (c *jwtCache) cleanup() {
 	if c.enclave != nil {
 		c.enclave = nil
 	}
+	c.owner = nil
 	c.expiresAt = time.Time{}
 }
diff --git a/client/server/jwt_cache_test.go b/client/server/jwt_cache_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11d208ade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/jwt_cache_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+)
+
+const testTTL = time.Minute
+
+func unixCaller(uid uint32) ipcauth.Identity {
+	return ipcauth.Identity{UID: uid, GID: uid}
+}
+
+func windowsCaller(sid string) ipcauth.Identity {
+	return ipcauth.Identity{SID: sid}
+}
+
+func TestJWTCache_ServesTheOwner(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newJWTCache()
+	owner := unixCaller(1000)
+	c.store("token-for-1000", owner, testTTL, c.currentGeneration())
+
+	got, found := c.get(owner)
+
+	require.True(t, found, "the identity that stored the token must get it back")
+	assert.Equal(t, "token-for-1000", got)
+}
+
+// The disclosure this cache guards against: one local account collecting the
+// SSH JWT another account's authentication put in the daemon-wide cache.
+func TestJWTCache_RefusesAnotherLocalUser(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		owner  ipcauth.Identity
+		caller ipcauth.Identity
+	}{
+		{"different uid", unixCaller(1000), unixCaller(65534)},
+		{"root is not the owner either", unixCaller(1000), unixCaller(0)},
+		{"different sid", windowsCaller("S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"), windowsCaller("S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1002")},
+		{"windows caller against a unix owner", unixCaller(0), windowsCaller("S-1-5-18")},
+		{"unix caller against a windows owner", windowsCaller("S-1-5-18"), unixCaller(0)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := newJWTCache()
+			c.store("victim-token", tt.owner, testTTL, c.currentGeneration())
+
+			got, found := c.get(tt.caller)
+
+			assert.False(t, found, "a caller that is not the owner must get a miss")
+			assert.Empty(t, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJWTCache_EmptyCacheMatchesNobody(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newJWTCache()
+
+	got, found := c.get(unixCaller(0))
+
+	assert.False(t, found)
+	assert.Empty(t, got)
+}
+
+// An entry with no recorded owner must match nobody, root included: an
+// unidentified caller arrives as the zero Identity, which carries uid 0. This
+// pins the nil-owner guard rather than the comparison, so it sets up an entry
+// that exists and then drops its owner.
+func TestJWTCache_UnownedEntryMatchesNobody(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newJWTCache()
+	c.store("token", unixCaller(1000), testTTL, c.currentGeneration())
+	c.owner = nil
+
+	got, found := c.get(unixCaller(0))
+
+	assert.False(t, found)
+	assert.Empty(t, got)
+}
+
+// The same user calling once elevated and once not is still the same user, so
+// hiding their own token from them would be wrong.
+func TestJWTCache_ElevationDoesNotChangeTheOwner(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newJWTCache()
+	sid := "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"
+	owner := windowsCaller(sid)
+	owner.Elevated = true
+	c.store("token", owner, testTTL, c.currentGeneration())
+
+	got, found := c.get(windowsCaller(sid))
+
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.Equal(t, "token", got)
+}
+
+func TestJWTCache_Expiry(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newJWTCache()
+	owner := unixCaller(1000)
+	c.store("token", owner, testTTL, c.currentGeneration())
+	c.expiresAt = time.Now().Add(-time.Second)
+
+	_, found := c.get(owner)
+
+	assert.False(t, found)
+}
+
+// Logout and SwitchProfile call clear — Down deliberately does not: the NetBird
+// session the token speaks for is over, so not even its owner may have it back.
+func TestJWTCache_ClearDropsTheEntry(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newJWTCache()
+	owner := unixCaller(1000)
+	c.store("token", owner, testTTL, c.currentGeneration())
+
+	c.clear()
+
+	_, found := c.get(owner)
+	assert.False(t, found)
+	assert.Nil(t, c.owner, "clear must forget the owner too")
+	assert.Nil(t, c.timer, "clear must stop the expiry timer")
+}
+
+// WaitJWTToken polls the IdP unlocked, so a logout or a profile switch can
+// clear the cache while a flow is still in the air. The token that flow returns
+// belongs to the session that ended, so it must not land in the cache the new
+// session is using.
+func TestJWTCache_StoreFromAnEndedSessionIsDropped(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newJWTCache()
+	owner := unixCaller(1000)
+
+	// The generation a caller takes when its authentication starts.
+	generation := c.currentGeneration()
+
+	c.clear() // logout or profile switch, while the IdP is still being polled
+
+	stored := c.store("stale-token", owner, testTTL, generation)
+
+	assert.False(t, stored, "a token from an ended session must not be cached")
+	_, found := c.get(owner)
+	assert.False(t, found, "the cache must stay empty after the session ended")
+}
+
+// The same caller must still be able to store once it re-reads the generation, so
+// the guard does not wedge the cache after any invalidation.
+func TestJWTCache_StoreWorksAgainAfterClear(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newJWTCache()
+	owner := unixCaller(1000)
+
+	c.clear()
+
+	require.True(t, c.store("token", owner, testTTL, c.currentGeneration()))
+
+	got, found := c.get(owner)
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.Equal(t, "token", got)
+}
+
+func TestJWTCache_StoreReplacesThePreviousOwner(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newJWTCache()
+	first := unixCaller(1000)
+	second := unixCaller(1001)
+
+	c.store("first-token", first, testTTL, c.currentGeneration())
+	c.store("second-token", second, testTTL, c.currentGeneration())
+
+	_, found := c.get(first)
+	assert.False(t, found, "the previous owner must not reach the new token")
+
+	got, found := c.get(second)
+	require.True(t, found)
+	assert.Equal(t, "second-token", got)
+}
diff --git a/client/server/lock_order_test.go b/client/server/lock_order_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..457e3db34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/lock_order_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// The daemon takes guardedConfigMu before s.mutex. authorizeAndPrepareLogin
+// takes s.mutex while holding guardedConfigMu, so a SetConfig that grabbed
+// s.mutex first and then waited for guardedConfigMu would deadlock the daemon
+// against a concurrent login: two unprivileged IPC calls are enough.
+//
+// The held guardedConfigMu below stands in for that login. While SetConfig waits
+// for it, s.mutex must stay free, otherwise the login waiting for s.mutex could
+// never release guardedConfigMu.
+func TestSetConfig_TakesGuardedConfigMuBeforeServerMutex(t *testing.T) {
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+
+	s.guardedConfigMu.Lock()
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+			ProfileName: profName,
+			Username:    username,
+		})
+		done <- err
+	}()
+
+	require.Never(t, func() bool {
+		if !s.mutex.TryLock() {
+			return true
+		}
+		s.mutex.Unlock()
+		return false
+	}, 500*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond,
+		"SetConfig held s.mutex while waiting for guardedConfigMu, which deadlocks against a concurrent login")
+
+	s.guardedConfigMu.Unlock()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("SetConfig did not finish after guardedConfigMu was released")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/server/login_gate_test.go b/client/server/login_gate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de62a8180
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/login_gate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// A refused login must not leave the profile switched. Login can both switch
+// profiles and carry the guarded config fields, so the gate has to run before the
+// switch: otherwise a caller whose change is refused still gets the side effect of
+// activating whichever profile the request named.
+func TestLogin_RefusedChangeLeavesTheProfileAlone(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, activeProfile, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+
+	// Login reads process state off the daemon's root context.
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	// A second profile that runs the SSH server, which is what makes repointing
+	// its management binding a privileged change.
+	target := "ssh-enabled"
+	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:       filepath.Join(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir, target+".json"),
+		ManagementURL:    "https://api.netbird.io:443",
+		ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = s.Login(userCtx(), &proto.LoginRequest{
+		ProfileName:   &target,
+		Username:      &username,
+		ManagementUrl: "https://mgmt.attacker.example:443",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err, "an unprivileged caller must not move the management URL of an SSH-enabled profile")
+	require.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, gstatus.Code(err), "want a privilege refusal, got %v", err)
+
+	active, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, profilemanager.ID(activeProfile), active.ID,
+		"the refused login switched the active profile anyway")
+}
+
+// A caller whose change becomes privileged only after its first check must be
+// refused without having cancelled a login or switched profiles: the first check is
+// unsynchronized, so the SSH server can be enabled by a concurrent privileged
+// request in between, and the authoritative check happens before any side effect.
+func TestLogin_ChangeThatBecomesPrivilegedMidRequestHasNoSideEffects(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, activeProfile, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	// The target profile has SSH off, so the first check lets the request through.
+	target := "ssh-later"
+	targetPath := filepath.Join(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir, target+".json")
+	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:       targetPath,
+		ManagementURL:    "https://api.netbird.io:443",
+		ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(false),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cancelled := false
+	s.actCancel = func() { cancelled = true }
+
+	// Stand in for a privileged SetConfig that enables the SSH server between the
+	// two checks, which is the interleaving the lock has to make safe.
+	afterLoginPreCheck = func() {
+		_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+			ConfigPath:       targetPath,
+			ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { afterLoginPreCheck = nil })
+
+	_, err = s.Login(userCtx(), &proto.LoginRequest{
+		ProfileName:   &target,
+		Username:      &username,
+		ManagementUrl: "https://mgmt.attacker.example:443",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, gstatus.Code(err), "want a privilege refusal, got %v", err)
+	require.False(t, cancelled, "the refused login cancelled the login already in progress")
+
+	active, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, profilemanager.ID(activeProfile), active.ID, "the refused login switched the active profile anyway")
+
+	stored, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(targetPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "https://api.netbird.io:443", stored.ManagementURL.String(), "the refused login moved the management URL")
+}
+
+// Login cancels whatever login is already in progress before starting its own. A
+// refused caller must not get that far, otherwise anyone able to reach the socket
+// can abort someone else's login by sending a request that is denied.
+func TestLogin_RefusedChangeLeavesAnInProgressLoginAlone(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, _, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	target := "ssh-enabled"
+	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:       filepath.Join(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir, target+".json"),
+		ManagementURL:    "https://api.netbird.io:443",
+		ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cancelled := false
+	s.actCancel = func() { cancelled = true }
+
+	_, err = s.Login(userCtx(), &proto.LoginRequest{
+		ProfileName:   &target,
+		Username:      &username,
+		ManagementUrl: "https://mgmt.attacker.example:443",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, gstatus.Code(err), "want a privilege refusal, got %v", err)
+	require.False(t, cancelled, "the refused login cancelled the login already in progress")
+}
diff --git a/client/server/login_outcome_test.go b/client/server/login_outcome_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ebf04f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/login_outcome_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// A login that never reached Management is not a decision about the peer's
+// credentials, so it must come back as a retryable error rather than an SSO
+// prompt: the user cannot finish a browser login while Management is down, and
+// the CLI's own backoff resolves the outage on its own once the daemon reports
+// the failure. Reproduces `netbird down; netbird up` printing a device-code URL
+// because Management happened to be restarting when the daemon dialed it.
+func TestLogin_ManagementUnreachableIsReturnedInsteadOfDemandingSSO(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, _, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	unreachable := errors.New("create connection: dial context: context deadline exceeded")
+	attempts := 0
+	s.isLoginRequiredFn = func(context.Context) (bool, error) {
+		attempts++
+		return false, unreachable
+	}
+
+	resp, err := s.Login(userCtx(), &proto.LoginRequest{Username: &username})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, unreachable, "the transport failure was replaced by something else")
+	require.Nil(t, resp, "a failed login must not answer with a login response")
+	require.Equal(t, 1, attempts)
+	require.Nil(t, s.oauthAuthFlow.flow, "the daemon started an SSO flow for a peer whose login was never decided")
+
+	status, err := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx).Status()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, internal.StatusLoginFailed, status,
+		"a peer that could not reach Management is not waiting on a login")
+}
+
+// The counterpart: Management refusing the peer's credentials is a decision, and
+// the SSO flow still has to start for it. The profile carries an unusable
+// private key so the flow setup fails immediately instead of dialing, which is
+// enough to show the branch was entered — the refusal itself is never what comes
+// back out.
+func TestLogin_AuthRefusalStartsSSOFlow(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, _, username, cfgPath := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+	breakProfilePrivateKey(t, cfgPath)
+
+	s.isLoginRequiredFn = func(context.Context) (bool, error) {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	_, err := s.Login(userCtx(), &proto.LoginRequest{Username: &username})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	status, stateErr := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx).Status()
+	require.NoError(t, stateErr)
+	require.Equal(t, internal.StatusLoginFailed, status,
+		"the SSO flow setup was never reached with the broken key")
+}
+
+func TestLogin_SetupKeyStillRunsWhenPeerNeedsLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, _, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	s.isLoginRequiredFn = func(context.Context) (bool, error) {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	var keysTried []string
+	s.loginAttemptFn = func(_ context.Context, setupKey, _ string) (internal.StatusType, error) {
+		keysTried = append(keysTried, setupKey)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	setupKey := "A2C8E32F-AEB2-4B45-8FD3-8A0C1B2D3E4F"
+	resp, err := s.Login(userCtx(), &proto.LoginRequest{Username: &username, SetupKey: setupKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "the probe's outcome leaked out as the login result")
+	require.NotNil(t, resp)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{setupKey}, keysTried, "the setup key never reached the login attempt")
+	require.Nil(t, s.oauthAuthFlow.flow, "a setup-key login started an SSO flow")
+
+	status, err := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx).Status()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, internal.StatusIdle, status)
+}
+
+// breakProfilePrivateKey replaces the profile's private key with an unparseable
+// one, which makes any attempt to build a Management client fail on the spot.
+func breakProfilePrivateKey(t *testing.T, cfgPath string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(cfgPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var cfg map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &cfg))
+	cfg["PrivateKey"] = "not-a-key"
+
+	patched, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(cfgPath, patched, 0o600))
+}
diff --git a/client/server/login_overrides_test.go b/client/server/login_overrides_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a2298764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/login_overrides_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+)
+
+func TestPersistLoginOverrides(t *testing.T) {
+	strPtr := func(s string) *string { return &s }
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		initialMgmtURL string
+		initialPSK     string
+		newMgmtURL     string
+		newPSK         *string
+		wantMgmtURL    string
+		wantPSK        string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "persist new management URL",
+			initialMgmtURL: "https://old.example.com:33073",
+			newMgmtURL:     "https://new.example.com:33073",
+			wantMgmtURL:    "https://new.example.com:33073",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "persist new pre-shared key",
+			initialMgmtURL: "https://existing.example.com:33073",
+			initialPSK:     "old-key",
+			newPSK:         strPtr("new-key"),
+			wantMgmtURL:    "https://existing.example.com:33073",
+			wantPSK:        "new-key",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "persist both",
+			initialMgmtURL: "https://old.example.com:33073",
+			initialPSK:     "old-key",
+			newMgmtURL:     "https://new.example.com:33073",
+			newPSK:         strPtr("new-key"),
+			wantMgmtURL:    "https://new.example.com:33073",
+			wantPSK:        "new-key",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "no inputs preserves existing",
+			initialMgmtURL: "https://existing.example.com:33073",
+			initialPSK:     "existing-key",
+			wantMgmtURL:    "https://existing.example.com:33073",
+			wantPSK:        "existing-key",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "empty PSK pointer is ignored",
+			initialMgmtURL: "https://existing.example.com:33073",
+			initialPSK:     "existing-key",
+			newPSK:         strPtr(""),
+			wantMgmtURL:    "https://existing.example.com:33073",
+			wantPSK:        "existing-key",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			origDefault := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
+			t.Cleanup(func() { profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = origDefault })
+
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = filepath.Join(dir, "default.json")
+
+			seed := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+				ConfigPath:    profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath,
+				ManagementURL: tt.initialMgmtURL,
+			}
+			if tt.initialPSK != "" {
+				seed.PreSharedKey = strPtr(tt.initialPSK)
+			}
+			_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(seed)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "seed config")
+
+			activeProf := &profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{ID: "default"}
+			err = persistLoginOverrides(activeProf, tt.newMgmtURL, tt.newPSK)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "persistLoginOverrides")
+
+			cfg, err := profilemanager.ReadConfig(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "read back config")
+
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantMgmtURL, cfg.ManagementURL.String(), "management URL")
+			require.Equal(t, tt.wantPSK, cfg.PreSharedKey, "pre-shared key")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/server/logout_gate_test.go b/client/server/logout_gate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d84d1b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/logout_gate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// unreachableManagementURL keeps a test that is expected to stop at a gate from
+// reaching the network if the gate ever regresses: the profiles a logout must
+// not touch point here, so a leak fails fast instead of contacting a real
+// management server.
+const unreachableManagementURL = "https://127.0.0.1:9"
+
+// enableSSHOnProfile rewrites the profile config at cfgPath with the SSH server
+// enabled. Deregistering an SSH-enabled profile is a privileged change, so an
+// unprivileged caller is refused by requirePrivilegeForDeregistration before any
+// management connection is attempted, which is what keeps these tests offline.
+func enableSSHOnProfile(t *testing.T, cfgPath string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:       cfgPath,
+		ManagementURL:    "https://api.netbird.io:443",
+		ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+// Logging out of the profile the daemon is already running is a deregistration,
+// not profile management, so the profiles-disabled kill switch must not block
+// it. The desktop UI always addresses logout by profile (both the profile menu
+// and the session-expiration dialog), so gating it left users with
+// disableProfiles enforced unable to log out at all.
+func TestLogout_ActiveProfileAllowedWhenProfilesDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, activeProfile, username, cfgPath := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+	enableSSHOnProfile(t, cfgPath)
+
+	s.profilesDisabled = true
+
+	_, err := s.Logout(userCtx(), &proto.LogoutRequest{
+		ProfileName: &activeProfile,
+		Username:    &username,
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err, "the SSH privilege gate is expected to refuse this unprivileged caller")
+	require.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, gstatus.Code(err),
+		"logout of the active profile must reach the deregistration path, not be refused as profile management: %v", err)
+	require.NotContains(t, gstatus.Convert(err).Message(), errProfilesDisabled)
+}
+
+// A profile-addressed logout that targets some *other* profile does manage
+// profiles, so it stays gated: with profiles disabled the daemon must not
+// deregister a peer the user is not currently running.
+func TestLogout_OtherProfileStaysGatedWhenProfilesDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, _, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	other := "other-profile"
+	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    filepath.Join(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir, other+".json"),
+		ManagementURL: unreachableManagementURL,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	s.profilesDisabled = true
+
+	_, err = s.Logout(userCtx(), &proto.LogoutRequest{
+		ProfileName: &other,
+		Username:    &username,
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, codes.Unavailable, gstatus.Code(err), "want the profiles-disabled refusal, got %v", err)
+	require.Contains(t, gstatus.Convert(err).Message(), errProfilesDisabled)
+}
+
+// A legacy profile ID is a display name, so two users can hold the same ID in
+// their own profile directories. Matching on the ID alone would let one user's
+// logout pass the gate against the other user's active profile, so the username
+// is part of the comparison.
+func TestLogout_ForeignUserProfileStaysGatedWhenProfilesDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, _, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	// A legacy-style profile whose ID is its filename stem, and an active state
+	// claiming that same ID for a different user.
+	shared := "shared-legacy-name"
+	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    filepath.Join(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir, shared+".json"),
+		ManagementURL: unreachableManagementURL,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, s.profileManager.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
+		ID:       profilemanager.ID(shared),
+		Username: "someone-else",
+	}))
+
+	s.profilesDisabled = true
+
+	_, err = s.Logout(userCtx(), &proto.LogoutRequest{
+		ProfileName: &shared,
+		Username:    &username,
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, codes.Unavailable, gstatus.Code(err),
+		"another user's profile must not pass the gate on an ID match alone: %v", err)
+}
+
+// Deregistering a namesake profile must not go out with the running config.
+// logoutFromProfile reuses the connected client's config when the target is the
+// active profile, and on an ID-only match a shared legacy ID made it reuse it
+// for another user's profile, deregistering the active peer instead.
+func TestLogout_ForeignUserProfileDoesNotUseTheRunningConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, _, username, cfgPath := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	// The running config has the SSH server enabled, so reusing it would be
+	// refused with PermissionDenied. The namesake profile does not, so the
+	// correct path gets as far as dialing its own unreachable management URL.
+	enableSSHOnProfile(t, cfgPath)
+	running, err := profilemanager.GetConfig(cfgPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	s.config = running
+	s.connectClient = newDummyConnectClient(context.Background())
+
+	shared := "shared-legacy-name"
+	_, err = profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    filepath.Join(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir, shared+".json"),
+		ManagementURL: unreachableManagementURL,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, s.profileManager.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
+		ID:       profilemanager.ID(shared),
+		Username: "someone-else",
+	}))
+
+	// Bounded so the deregistration the fixed path attempts fails on the dial
+	// rather than sitting in gRPC backoff for the whole test timeout.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(userCtx(), 2*time.Second)
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	_, err = s.Logout(ctx, &proto.LogoutRequest{
+		ProfileName: &shared,
+		Username:    &username,
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.NotEqual(t, codes.PermissionDenied, gstatus.Code(err),
+		"the namesake profile was deregistered with the running config: %v", err)
+}
+
+// The connection teardown follows the profile that is active when the logout
+// completes, not the one seen before it started: Login switches profiles under
+// guardedConfigMu, which the logout path does not hold, so a login that landed
+// meanwhile must keep its connection.
+func TestCleanupAfterProfileLogout_FollowsTheCurrentActiveProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, activeProfile, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
+
+	s.cleanupAfterProfileLogout("some-other-profile", username)
+	status, err := state.Status()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEqual(t, internal.StatusNeedsLogin, status,
+		"logging out of a profile that is not active must not ask for a new login")
+
+	s.cleanupAfterProfileLogout(profilemanager.ID(activeProfile), username)
+	status, err = state.Status()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, internal.StatusNeedsLogin, status,
+		"logging out of the active profile must ask for a new login")
+}
+
+// With profiles enabled the gate is out of the way on both surfaces; the active
+// profile still reaches the deregistration path.
+func TestLogout_ActiveProfileAllowedWhenProfilesEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _, activeProfile, username, cfgPath := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	s.rootCtx = internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+	enableSSHOnProfile(t, cfgPath)
+
+	_, err := s.Logout(userCtx(), &proto.LogoutRequest{
+		ProfileName: &activeProfile,
+		Username:    &username,
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err, "the SSH privilege gate is expected to refuse this unprivileged caller")
+	require.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, gstatus.Code(err), "want the privilege refusal, got %v", err)
+}
diff --git a/client/server/mdm.go b/client/server/mdm.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a47b2a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/mdm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// onMDMPolicyChange is invoked by the MDM reload ticker every time the
+// OS-native managed-config store reports a diff vs the last observation.
+//
+// Restart sequence:
+//  1. Cancel the active engine context (terminates connectWithRetryRuns).
+//  2. Wait briefly for that goroutine to exit (giveUpChan is closed on exit).
+//  3. Re-resolve Config from disk + MDM policy (Config.apply re-runs
+//     applyMDMPolicy with the freshly loaded Policy).
+//  4. Spawn a fresh connectWithRetryRuns with the new context and config.
+//  5. Broadcast a SystemEvent so any GUI / CLI subscriber (SubscribeEvents
+//     RPC) can refresh its cached config view without polling.
+//
+// The callback runs in the ticker's own goroutine. Ticker has already
+// logged the per-key diff before invoking this hook.
+func (s *Server) onMDMPolicyChange(_, _ *mdm.Policy) error {
+	log.Warn("MDM policy changed; restarting engine to apply new configuration")
+
+	// Hold s.mutex for the entire restart sequence (cancel + quiescence
+	// wait + re-spawn). Any concurrent Up/Down/Status arriving while
+	// MDM is restarting blocks on the Lock until we are done — they
+	// then observe the post-restart state coherently. This is safe
+	// because the connectWithRetryRuns goroutine no longer acquires
+	// s.mutex in its defer (intent vs. goroutine-alive concerns are
+	// fully separated; see the connectionGoroutineRunning helper).
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if !s.clientRunning {
+		// The client is not running, so there's no engine to restart.
+		return nil
+	}
+	if s.actCancel != nil {
+		s.actCancel()
+	}
+
+	// Wait for previous connectWithRetryRuns to exit so we don't end up
+	// with two goroutines fighting over the same status recorder + engine.
+	// The teardown engages a fan-out of engine goroutines (peer workers,
+	// signal handler, route manager, ...). close(clientGiveUpChan)
+	// happens in the function-scope defer of connectWithRetryRuns, on
+	// every exit path (ctx cancel, backoff exhausted, panic) — see the
+	// defer in server.go.
+	if s.clientGiveUpChan != nil {
+		select {
+		case <-s.clientGiveUpChan:
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to restart the engine due to timeout")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := s.restartEngineForMDMLocked(); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("MDM restart failed: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// publishConfigChangedEvent has already fired inside
+	// restartEngineForMDMLocked with source="mdm". Emit an MDM-specific
+	// user-visible toast so the operator knows their IT policy was
+	// applied (UserMessage != "" triggers the GUI notifier).
+	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
+		proto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+		"MDM policy applied",
+		"NetBird configuration was updated by your IT policy.",
+		map[string]string{
+			proto.MetadataSourceKey: proto.MetadataSourceMDM,
+			proto.MetadataTypeKey:   proto.MetadataTypePolicyApplied,
+		},
+	)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// publishConfigChangedEvent broadcasts a SystemEvent informing any active
+// SubscribeEvents subscriber (typically the GUI tray) that the daemon's
+// effective Config has been replaced and any cached client-side view
+// should be refreshed. Callers pass a stable `source` label so the GUI
+// can distinguish a startup spawn from a user-triggered Up or an
+// MDM-driven restart. Reusing the SYSTEM category keeps the proto enum
+// stable; metadata.type="config_changed" routes to the GUI's refresh
+// handler. UserMessage is left empty so the system tray does not toast
+// for every internal restart; the MDM path emits a separate
+// "policy_applied" event (with UserMessage) for that purpose.
+func (s *Server) publishConfigChangedEvent(source string) {
+	if s.statusRecorder == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
+		proto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+		fmt.Sprintf("daemon config changed (source=%s)", source),
+		"",
+		map[string]string{
+			proto.MetadataSourceKey: source,
+			proto.MetadataTypeKey:   proto.MetadataTypeConfigChanged,
+		},
+	)
+}
+
+// restartEngineForMDMLocked re-resolves the active profile config
+// (re-running applyMDMPolicy via Config.apply) and re-spawns
+// connectWithRetryRuns. Mirrors the tail of Server.Start so a runtime
+// MDM change behaves identically to a fresh boot under the new policy.
+//
+// MUST be called with s.mutex held — onMDMPolicyChange holds the lock
+// for the entire restart sequence (cancel + quiescence wait + re-spawn)
+// so concurrent Up/Down/Status RPCs observe a coherent post-restart
+// state.
+func (s *Server) restartEngineForMDMLocked() error {
+	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get active profile state: %w", err)
+	}
+	config, _, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get active profile config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.config = config
+	s.statusRecorder.UpdateManagementAddress(config.ManagementURL.String())
+	s.statusRecorder.UpdateRosenpass(config.RosenpassEnabled, config.RosenpassPermissive)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.rootCtx)
+	s.actCancel = cancel
+	s.clientRunning = true
+	s.clientRunningChan = make(chan struct{})
+	s.clientGiveUpChan = make(chan struct{})
+	log.Info("MDM restart: spawning connectWithRetryRuns with re-resolved config")
+	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
+	s.publishConfigChangedEvent(proto.MetadataSourceMDM)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mdmManagedFieldConflicts returns the names of MDM-managed keys whose
+// requested value in the SetConfigRequest differs from the MDM-enforced
+// value. A field set to the same value the policy already enforces is
+// treated as a no-op echo (the GUI tray sends a full Config snapshot on
+// every toggle, so most fields in a typical request match the policy
+// exactly and must NOT be flagged as conflicts). The redacted PSK
+// sentinel ("**********") returned by GetConfig is recognised and
+// treated as no-op so the UI can safely round-trip it.
+func mdmManagedFieldConflicts(msg *proto.SetConfigRequest, policy *mdm.Policy) []string {
+	if msg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	pskGot := msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
+	if pskGot != nil && *pskGot == mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel {
+		pskGot = nil
+	}
+
+	return mdm.ResolveConflicts(policy, []mdm.ConflictCheck{
+		mdm.ConflictURL(mdm.KeyManagementURL, msg.ManagementUrl),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, msg.RosenpassEnabled),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, msg.RosenpassPermissive),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, msg.DisableAutoConnect),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, msg.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, msg.RemoteJobsAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, msg.DisableClientRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, msg.DisableServerRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, msg.BlockInbound),
+		mdm.ConflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, msg.WireguardPort),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, msg.EnableLocalMetrics),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress, msg.LocalMetricsAddress),
+	})
+}
+
+// setConfigRequestHasConfigOverrides reports whether the SetConfigRequest
+// carries ANY field that would actually mutate the persisted config.
+// The CLI builds a SetConfigRequest unconditionally on every
+// `netbird up` (see setupSetConfigReq in cmd/up.go) — a plain
+// `netbird up` produces a request with every field at its zero value;
+// the gate must skip such no-op invocations or it would always fire
+// even when the user did not pass any --flag. Returns false on a nil
+// msg; true when any management/admin URL, PSK, DNS/NAT list+clean
+// flag, interface/port/MTU, or any optional bool/duration field is set.
+func setConfigRequestHasConfigOverrides(msg *proto.SetConfigRequest) bool {
+	if msg == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return msg.ManagementUrl != "" ||
+		msg.AdminURL != "" ||
+		msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil ||
+		len(msg.CustomDNSAddress) > 0 ||
+		len(msg.NatExternalIPs) > 0 || msg.CleanNATExternalIPs ||
+		len(msg.ExtraIFaceBlacklist) > 0 ||
+		len(msg.DnsLabels) > 0 || msg.CleanDNSLabels ||
+		msg.DnsRouteInterval != nil ||
+		msg.RosenpassEnabled != nil ||
+		msg.RosenpassPermissive != nil ||
+		msg.InterfaceName != nil ||
+		msg.WireguardPort != nil ||
+		msg.Mtu != nil ||
+		msg.DisableAutoConnect != nil ||
+		msg.ServerSSHAllowed != nil ||
+		msg.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil ||
+		msg.NetworkMonitor != nil ||
+		msg.DisableClientRoutes != nil ||
+		msg.DisableServerRoutes != nil ||
+		msg.DisableDns != nil ||
+		msg.DisableFirewall != nil ||
+		msg.BlockLanAccess != nil ||
+		msg.DisableNotifications != nil ||
+		msg.BlockInbound != nil ||
+		msg.DisableIpv6 != nil ||
+		msg.EnableSSHRoot != nil ||
+		msg.EnableSSHSFTP != nil ||
+		msg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != nil ||
+		msg.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil ||
+		msg.DisableSSHAuth != nil ||
+		msg.SshJWTCacheTTL != nil ||
+		msg.EnableLocalMetrics != nil ||
+		msg.LocalMetricsAddress != nil
+}
+
+// loginRequestHasConfigOverrides reports whether the LoginRequest
+// carries ANY field that would mutate persisted daemon configuration
+// (as opposed to pure-auth fields like setupKey, hostname, hint,
+// profileName, username). Used by the Login handler to decide whether
+// the `--disable-update-settings` / MDM gates must run: a re-auth that
+// changes nothing about the configuration is always allowed.
+func loginRequestHasConfigOverrides(msg *proto.LoginRequest) bool {
+	if msg == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return msg.ManagementUrl != "" ||
+		msg.AdminURL != "" ||
+		msg.PreSharedKey != "" || //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+		msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil ||
+		len(msg.CustomDNSAddress) > 0 ||
+		len(msg.NatExternalIPs) > 0 || msg.CleanNATExternalIPs ||
+		msg.RosenpassEnabled != nil ||
+		msg.InterfaceName != nil ||
+		msg.WireguardPort != nil ||
+		msg.DisableAutoConnect != nil ||
+		msg.ServerSSHAllowed != nil ||
+		msg.RemoteJobsAllowed != nil ||
+		msg.RosenpassPermissive != nil ||
+		len(msg.ExtraIFaceBlacklist) > 0 ||
+		msg.NetworkMonitor != nil ||
+		msg.DnsRouteInterval != nil ||
+		msg.DisableClientRoutes != nil ||
+		msg.DisableServerRoutes != nil ||
+		msg.DisableDns != nil ||
+		msg.DisableFirewall != nil ||
+		msg.BlockLanAccess != nil ||
+		msg.DisableNotifications != nil ||
+		len(msg.DnsLabels) > 0 || msg.CleanDNSLabels ||
+		msg.BlockInbound != nil ||
+		msg.EnableLocalMetrics != nil ||
+		msg.LocalMetricsAddress != nil
+}
+
+// loginRequestMDMConflicts mirrors mdmManagedFieldConflicts but for the
+// LoginRequest surface. Same value-aware semantics: a field set to the
+// MDM-enforced value is a no-op echo, not a conflict; only a divergent
+// value is flagged. PSK has two proto fields — PreSharedKey (deprecated)
+// and OptionalPreSharedKey (current); either route trips the gate if it
+// diverges from the MDM-enforced PSK. OptionalPreSharedKey wins when
+// both are set; the redaction sentinel ("**********") is accepted as
+// a no-op echo.
+func loginRequestMDMConflicts(msg *proto.LoginRequest, policy *mdm.Policy) []string {
+	if msg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	pskGot := msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
+	if pskGot == nil && msg.PreSharedKey != "" { //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+		pskGot = &msg.PreSharedKey //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019
+	}
+	if pskGot != nil && *pskGot == mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel {
+		pskGot = nil
+	}
+
+	return mdm.ResolveConflicts(policy, []mdm.ConflictCheck{
+		mdm.ConflictURL(mdm.KeyManagementURL, msg.ManagementUrl),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyPreSharedKey, pskGot),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled, msg.RosenpassEnabled),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRosenpassPermissive, msg.RosenpassPermissive),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect, msg.DisableAutoConnect),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyAllowServerSSH, msg.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyRemoteJobsAllowed, msg.RemoteJobsAllowed),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableClientRoutes, msg.DisableClientRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyDisableServerRoutes, msg.DisableServerRoutes),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyBlockInbound, msg.BlockInbound),
+		mdm.ConflictInt64(mdm.KeyWireguardPort, msg.WireguardPort),
+		mdm.ConflictBool(mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics, msg.EnableLocalMetrics),
+		mdm.ConflictStringPtr(mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress, msg.LocalMetricsAddress),
+	})
+}
+
+// rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts returns a FailedPrecondition gRPC error
+// with an MDMManagedFieldsViolation detail when any of the requested
+// fields tries to change an MDM-enforced value to something else, and
+// nil otherwise. The whole request is rejected on any conflict; non-
+// conflicting fields in the same request are not applied either (no
+// partial apply).
+func rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts(conflicts []string) error {
+	if len(conflicts) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	log.Warnf("MDM rejected request: tried to modify %d managed key(s): %v",
+		len(conflicts), conflicts)
+	st := gstatus.New(
+		codes.FailedPrecondition,
+		fmt.Sprintf("fields managed by MDM cannot be modified: %v", conflicts),
+	)
+	detailed, err := st.WithDetails(&proto.MDMManagedFieldsViolation{Fields: conflicts})
+	if err != nil {
+		// Detail attachment is best-effort; fall back to the plain status
+		// so the caller still gets a usable FailedPrecondition.
+		return st.Err()
+	}
+	return detailed.Err()
+}
diff --git a/client/server/network.go b/client/server/network.go
index 76c5af40e..69eaabf8a 100644
--- a/client/server/network.go
+++ b/client/server/network.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
@@ -18,10 +17,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 type selectRoute struct {
-	NetID    route.NetID
-	Network  netip.Prefix
-	Domains  domain.List
-	Selected bool
+	NetID         route.NetID
+	Network       netip.Prefix
+	Domains       domain.List
+	Selected      bool
+	extraNetworks []netip.Prefix
 }
 
 // ListNetworks returns a list of all available networks.
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ func (s *Server) ListNetworks(context.Context, *proto.ListNetworksRequest) (*pro
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if s.networksDisabled {
+	if s.checkNetworksDisabled() {
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errNetworksDisabled)
 	}
 
@@ -50,18 +50,32 @@ func (s *Server) ListNetworks(context.Context, *proto.ListNetworksRequest) (*pro
 	routesMap := routeMgr.GetClientRoutesWithNetID()
 	routeSelector := routeMgr.GetRouteSelector()
 
+	v6ExitMerged := route.V6ExitMergeSet(routesMap)
+
 	var routes []*selectRoute
 	for id, rt := range routesMap {
 		if len(rt) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
-		route := &selectRoute{
+		// Skip v6 exit nodes that are merged into their v4 counterpart.
+		if _, ok := v6ExitMerged[id]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		r := &selectRoute{
 			NetID:    id,
 			Network:  rt[0].Network,
 			Domains:  rt[0].Domains,
 			Selected: routeSelector.IsSelected(id),
 		}
-		routes = append(routes, route)
+
+		// Merge paired v6 exit node prefix into this entry.
+		v6ID := route.NetID(string(id) + route.V6ExitSuffix)
+		if _, ok := v6ExitMerged[v6ID]; ok && len(routesMap[v6ID]) > 0 {
+			r.extraNetworks = []netip.Prefix{routesMap[v6ID][0].Network}
+		}
+
+		routes = append(routes, r)
 	}
 
 	sort.Slice(routes, func(i, j int) bool {
@@ -82,9 +96,13 @@ func (s *Server) ListNetworks(context.Context, *proto.ListNetworksRequest) (*pro
 	resolvedDomains := s.statusRecorder.GetResolvedDomainsStates()
 	var pbRoutes []*proto.Network
 	for _, route := range routes {
+		rangeStr := route.Network.String()
+		for _, extra := range route.extraNetworks {
+			rangeStr += ", " + extra.String()
+		}
 		pbRoute := &proto.Network{
 			ID:          string(route.NetID),
-			Range:       route.Network.String(),
+			Range:       rangeStr,
 			Domains:     route.Domains.ToSafeStringList(),
 			ResolvedIPs: map[string]*proto.IPList{},
 			Selected:    route.Selected,
@@ -124,7 +142,7 @@ func (s *Server) SelectNetworks(_ context.Context, req *proto.SelectNetworksRequ
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if s.networksDisabled {
+	if s.checkNetworksDisabled() {
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errNetworksDisabled)
 	}
 
@@ -142,17 +160,11 @@ func (s *Server) SelectNetworks(_ context.Context, req *proto.SelectNetworksRequ
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no route manager")
 	}
 
-	routeSelector := routeManager.GetRouteSelector()
 	if req.GetAll() {
-		routeSelector.SelectAllRoutes()
-	} else {
-		routes := toNetIDs(req.GetNetworkIDs())
-		netIdRoutes := maps.Keys(routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID())
-		if err := routeSelector.SelectRoutes(routes, req.GetAppend(), netIdRoutes); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("select routes: %w", err)
-		}
+		routeManager.SelectAllRoutes()
+	} else if err := routeManager.SelectRoutes(toNetIDs(req.GetNetworkIDs()), req.GetAppend()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	routeManager.TriggerSelection(routeManager.GetClientRoutes())
 
 	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
 		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
@@ -174,7 +186,7 @@ func (s *Server) DeselectNetworks(_ context.Context, req *proto.SelectNetworksRe
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if s.networksDisabled {
+	if s.checkNetworksDisabled() {
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errNetworksDisabled)
 	}
 
@@ -192,17 +204,11 @@ func (s *Server) DeselectNetworks(_ context.Context, req *proto.SelectNetworksRe
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no route manager")
 	}
 
-	routeSelector := routeManager.GetRouteSelector()
 	if req.GetAll() {
-		routeSelector.DeselectAllRoutes()
-	} else {
-		routes := toNetIDs(req.GetNetworkIDs())
-		netIdRoutes := maps.Keys(routeManager.GetClientRoutesWithNetID())
-		if err := routeSelector.DeselectRoutes(routes, netIdRoutes); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("deselect routes: %w", err)
-		}
+		routeManager.DeselectAllRoutes()
+	} else if err := routeManager.DeselectRoutes(toNetIDs(req.GetNetworkIDs())); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	routeManager.TriggerSelection(routeManager.GetClientRoutes())
 
 	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
 		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
diff --git a/client/server/panic_windows.go b/client/server/panic_windows.go
index 8592f12ad..4bed6662f 100644
--- a/client/server/panic_windows.go
+++ b/client/server/panic_windows.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 package server
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path"
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ func setStdHandle(f *os.File) error {
 	handle := f.Fd()
 	r0, _, e1 := setStdHandleFn.Call(stdErrorHandle, handle)
 	if r0 == 0 {
-		if e1 != nil {
+		if !errors.Is(e1, syscall.Errno(0)) {
 			return e1
 		}
 		return syscall.EINVAL
diff --git a/client/server/probe_throttle.go b/client/server/probe_throttle.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec6137e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/probe_throttle.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// healthProbeRunner runs the full, expensive probe (network round-trips to
+// management, signal and the relays) and reports whether every component was
+// healthy. ctx cancels the probe when the caller gives up. Satisfied by
+// *internal.Engine.
+type healthProbeRunner interface {
+	RunHealthProbes(ctx context.Context, waitForResult bool) bool
+}
+
+// statsRefresher does the cheap WireGuard-stats refresh callers fall back to
+// when a fresh probe isn't warranted. Satisfied by *peer.Status.
+type statsRefresher interface {
+	RefreshWireGuardStats() error
+}
+
+// probeThrottle rate-limits and single-flights the daemon's health probes.
+//
+// Health probes are expensive (network round-trips to management, signal and
+// the relays), while Status(GetFullPeerStatus=true) RPCs can arrive frequently
+// and concurrently — the desktop UI alone issues one per connect/disconnect.
+// probeThrottle keeps that load bounded with two rules:
+//
+//   - Single-flight: only one probe runs at a time. Callers that pile up while
+//     a probe is in flight share its result instead of each launching another,
+//     even when that probe failed. A failed probe therefore does not make every
+//     waiter re-probe in turn; the next, non-overlapping caller can try again.
+//   - Throttle: after a fully successful probe the result is cached for
+//     interval. While any component is unhealthy the cache is not advanced, so
+//     later callers keep probing frequently and notice recovery quickly — the
+//     intentional "probe often while unhealthy" behaviour from the original
+//     design.
+type probeThrottle struct {
+	interval time.Duration
+
+	mu          sync.Mutex
+	lastOK      time.Time // last fully-successful probe; drives the throttle window
+	completedAt time.Time // when the most recent probe finished; drives single-flight sharing
+}
+
+func newProbeThrottle(interval time.Duration) *probeThrottle {
+	return &probeThrottle{interval: interval}
+}
+
+// Run decides whether to run a fresh health probe or serve the most recent
+// result. It serialises concurrent callers: at most one runner.RunHealthProbes
+// executes at a time and the rest call refresher.RefreshWireGuardStats and read
+// the snapshot it produced.
+//
+// Both calls run while the throttle's lock is held, so a slow probe blocks
+// other callers until it completes — that blocking is the single-flight
+// guarantee. ctx is forwarded to RunHealthProbes so a caller that gives up
+// cancels the in-flight probe (and any caller still queued on the lock falls
+// through quickly once it acquires it, since the probe ctx is already done).
+func (t *probeThrottle) Run(ctx context.Context, runner healthProbeRunner, refresher statsRefresher, waitForResult bool) {
+	entered := time.Now()
+
+	t.mu.Lock()
+	defer t.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// A probe that finished after we entered ran while we were waiting on the
+	// lock — i.e. a peer in the same burst already probed for us, so share its
+	// result rather than launch another. This holds even when that probe
+	// failed, so a failed probe doesn't make every waiter re-probe in turn.
+	sharedRecentProbe := t.completedAt.After(entered)
+	throttled := time.Since(t.lastOK) <= t.interval
+
+	if sharedRecentProbe || throttled {
+		if err := refresher.RefreshWireGuardStats(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to refresh WireGuard stats: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	healthy := runner.RunHealthProbes(ctx, waitForResult)
+	t.completedAt = time.Now()
+	if healthy {
+		t.lastOK = t.completedAt
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/server/probe_throttle_test.go b/client/server/probe_throttle_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cae776fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/probe_throttle_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// fakeProber implements both healthProbeRunner and statsRefresher with
+// caller-supplied behaviour.
+type fakeProber struct {
+	onProbe   func() bool
+	onRefresh func()
+}
+
+func (f fakeProber) RunHealthProbes(context.Context, bool) bool {
+	return f.onProbe()
+}
+
+func (f fakeProber) RefreshWireGuardStats() error {
+	if f.onRefresh != nil {
+		f.onRefresh()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestProbeThrottle_CachesAfterSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	pt := newProbeThrottle(time.Minute)
+
+	var probes, refreshes int
+	prober := fakeProber{
+		onProbe:   func() bool { probes++; return true },
+		onRefresh: func() { refreshes++ },
+	}
+
+	pt.Run(context.Background(), prober, prober, false)
+	pt.Run(context.Background(), prober, prober, false)
+
+	if probes != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 probe within the throttle window, got %d", probes)
+	}
+	if refreshes != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected the throttled caller to refresh stats once, got %d", refreshes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProbeThrottle_StaysOpenWhileUnhealthy(t *testing.T) {
+	pt := newProbeThrottle(time.Minute)
+
+	var probes int
+	prober := fakeProber{onProbe: func() bool { probes++; return false }} // never healthy
+
+	// Sequential, non-overlapping callers must each re-probe while unhealthy:
+	// a failed probe does not advance the throttle window.
+	pt.Run(context.Background(), prober, prober, false)
+	pt.Run(context.Background(), prober, prober, false)
+	pt.Run(context.Background(), prober, prober, false)
+
+	if probes != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected every non-overlapping caller to probe while unhealthy, got %d", probes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProbeThrottle_SingleFlightSharesResult(t *testing.T) {
+	pt := newProbeThrottle(time.Minute)
+
+	var probes int32
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	started := make(chan struct{})
+
+	// First caller blocks inside the probe until released, holding the lock so
+	// the others pile up behind it.
+	prober := fakeProber{onProbe: func() bool {
+		if atomic.AddInt32(&probes, 1) == 1 {
+			close(started)
+			<-release
+		}
+		return false // unhealthy — the share must happen regardless of result
+	}}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		pt.Run(context.Background(), prober, prober, false)
+	}()
+
+	<-started // ensure the first probe is in flight before the burst arrives
+
+	const waiters = 9
+	wg.Add(waiters)
+	for i := 0; i < waiters; i++ {
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			pt.Run(context.Background(), prober, prober, false)
+		}()
+	}
+
+	// Give the waiters time to block on the lock, then let the first finish.
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(release)
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&probes); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected a concurrent burst to run exactly 1 probe, got %d", got)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/server/server.go b/client/server/server.go
index 70e4c342f..108aa8a41 100644
--- a/client/server/server.go
+++ b/client/server/server.go
@@ -19,11 +19,17 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
 	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/expose"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/localmetrics"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	sleephandler "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/sleep/handler"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	mgm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
@@ -33,6 +39,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/statemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/updater"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/capture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
@@ -65,12 +73,39 @@ type Server struct {
 
 	logFile string
 
+	// uiLogPath is the desktop UI's absolute log path, reported via
+	// RegisterUILog. Guarded by mutex. Consumed by DebugBundle so the bundle
+	// can collect the GUI log even though the daemon runs as root and can't
+	// resolve the user's config dir. Last-writer-wins (one UI per socket).
+	// DebugBundle opens it on behalf of the bundle requester and refuses a file
+	// that caller does not own, so a local user cannot read another user's log
+	// or a root-only file through it.
+	uiLogPath string
+
 	oauthAuthFlow oauthAuthFlow
+	// extendAuthSessionFlow holds the pending PKCE flow created by
+	// RequestExtendAuthSession until WaitExtendAuthSession resolves it.
+	// Kept separate from oauthAuthFlow (which is reserved for the SSH
+	// JWT path) so a concurrent SSH auth doesn't clobber the session
+	// extend flow or vice versa.
+	extendAuthSessionFlow *auth.PendingFlow
+
+	// guardedConfigMu serializes a privilege check against the write it
+	// authorizes. Without it the two are separate steps over the same file, and a
+	// change that was allowed because the profile had the SSH server disabled
+	// could land after a concurrent privileged request enabled it.
+	guardedConfigMu sync.Mutex
 
 	mutex  sync.Mutex
 	config *profilemanager.Config
 	proto.UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer
-	clientRunning     bool // protected by mutex
+	// clientRunning tracks "the daemon wants to be connected" — set true by
+	// Start / Up, cleared by Down / Logout. Persists across retry
+	// loops, signal disconnects, and ErrResetConnection cycles. NOT
+	// changed by connectWithRetryRuns goroutine exit — for that
+	// (goroutine-still-alive) check, see connectionGoroutineRunning() which
+	// derives from clientGiveUpChan close state. Protected by s.mutex.
+	clientRunning     bool
 	clientRunningChan chan struct{}
 	clientGiveUpChan  chan struct{} // closed when connectWithRetryRuns goroutine exits
 
@@ -78,8 +113,9 @@ type Server struct {
 
 	statusRecorder *peer.Status
 	sessionWatcher *internal.SessionWatcher
+	localMetrics   *localmetrics.Manager
 
-	lastProbe           time.Time
+	probeThrottle       *probeThrottle
 	persistSyncResponse bool
 	isSessionActive     atomic.Bool
 
@@ -89,24 +125,57 @@ type Server struct {
 	profileManager         *profilemanager.ServiceManager
 	profilesDisabled       bool
 	updateSettingsDisabled bool
-	networksDisabled       bool
+	captureEnabled         bool
+	bundleCapture          *bundleCapture
+	// activeCapture is the session currently installed on the engine; guarded by s.mutex.
+	activeCapture    *capture.Session
+	networksDisabled bool
 
 	sleepHandler *sleephandler.SleepHandler
 
+	// mdmTicker periodically re-reads the OS-native MDM policy and triggers
+	// an engine restart when the policy changes. Launched once by Start;
+	// stopped by the rootCtx cancellation.
+	mdmTicker *mdm.Ticker
+
+	// mdmLoader is the daemon-owned source of the active MDM policy.
+	// Constructed once during Server.Start (with a nil PolicyFetcher on
+	// desktop — the build-tagged Loader.loadPlatform reads the OS
+	// registry / plist directly) and injected into every consumer:
+	// mdmTicker for its periodic reload, the SetConfig / Login MDM
+	// gates for conflict detection, and every Config produced via
+	// getConfig() so its apply() picks up the same overlay.
+	mdmLoader *mdm.Loader
+
 	updateManager *updater.Manager
 
 	jwtCache *jwtCache
+
+	// loginAttemptFn stands in for the Management login round trip. Tests set
+	// it to drive the login outcomes that need a server on the other end;
+	// production leaves it nil, and every login goes through loginAttempt.
+	loginAttemptFn func(ctx context.Context, setupKey, jwtToken string) (internal.StatusType, error)
+
+	isLoginRequiredFn func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error)
 }
 
 type oauthAuthFlow struct {
-	expiresAt  time.Time
-	flow       auth.OAuthFlow
-	info       auth.AuthFlowInfo
+	expiresAt time.Time
+	flow      auth.OAuthFlow
+	info      auth.AuthFlowInfo
+
+	// cacheGeneration is the SSH JWT cache's generation as of the start of the
+	// request that created this flow. The flow outlives a profile switch, so
+	// reading the generation any later — when the IdP has answered, or when the
+	// token finally arrives — would read the new session's one and let the old
+	// session's token into the new session's cache.
+	cacheGeneration uint64
+
 	waitCancel context.CancelFunc
 }
 
 // New server instance constructor.
-func New(ctx context.Context, logFile string, configFile string, profilesDisabled bool, updateSettingsDisabled bool, networksDisabled bool) *Server {
+func New(ctx context.Context, logFile string, configFile string, profilesDisabled bool, updateSettingsDisabled bool, captureEnabled bool, networksDisabled bool) *Server {
 	s := &Server{
 		rootCtx:                ctx,
 		logFile:                logFile,
@@ -115,15 +184,38 @@ func New(ctx context.Context, logFile string, configFile string, profilesDisable
 		profileManager:         profilemanager.NewServiceManager(configFile),
 		profilesDisabled:       profilesDisabled,
 		updateSettingsDisabled: updateSettingsDisabled,
+		captureEnabled:         captureEnabled,
 		networksDisabled:       networksDisabled,
 		jwtCache:               newJWTCache(),
+		extendAuthSessionFlow:  auth.NewPendingFlow(),
+		probeThrottle:          newProbeThrottle(probeThreshold),
 	}
 	agent := &serverAgent{s}
 	s.sleepHandler = sleephandler.New(agent)
+	s.startSleepDetector()
+
+	s.localMetrics = localmetrics.NewManager(ctx, s.statusRecorder, s.clientMetricsGatherer)
 
 	return s
 }
 
+// clientMetricsGatherer returns the Prometheus gatherer of the running
+// engine's client metrics, or nil when no engine is running.
+func (s *Server) clientMetricsGatherer() prometheus.Gatherer {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	connectClient := s.connectClient
+	s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if connectClient == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	engine := connectClient.Engine()
+	if engine == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return engine.GetClientMetrics().PrometheusGatherer()
+}
+
 func (s *Server) Start() error {
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -133,12 +225,21 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 	}
 
 	state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
+	// Every contextState.Set in the connect/login/server paths must push a
+	// SubscribeStatus snapshot, otherwise transitions that don't happen to
+	// be accompanied by a Mark{Management,Signal,...} call (e.g. plain
+	// StatusNeedsLogin after a PermissionDenied login, StatusLoginFailed
+	// after OAuth init failure, StatusIdle in the Login defer) leave the
+	// UI stuck on the previous status until the next unrelated peer event.
+	// Binding the recorder here means new state.Set callsites don't have
+	// to opt in individually.
+	state.SetOnChange(s.statusRecorder.NotifyStateChange)
 
 	if err := handlePanicLog(); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("failed to redirect stderr: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := restoreResidualState(s.rootCtx, s.profileManager.GetStatePath()); err != nil {
+	if err := RestoreResidualState(s.rootCtx, s.profileManager.GetStatePath()); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf(errRestoreResidualState, err)
 	}
 
@@ -148,6 +249,23 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 		s.updateManager.CheckUpdateSuccess(s.rootCtx)
 	}
 
+	// MDM policy reload ticker: every minute the desktop daemon re-reads
+	// the OS-native managed-config store and, on diff vs the previous
+	// observation, cancels the active engine context so connectWithRetry-
+	// Runs re-resolves Config (re-running profilemanager.Config.apply which
+	// applies the freshly-read MDM policy as the last layer) and brings
+	// the engine back with the new values.
+	if s.mdmLoader == nil {
+		// Desktop builds pass a nil PolicyFetcher: the Loader's
+		// build-tagged loadPlatform reads the OS source directly
+		// (registry on Windows, plist on macOS, no-op elsewhere).
+		s.mdmLoader = mdm.NewLoader(nil)
+	}
+	if s.mdmTicker == nil {
+		s.mdmTicker = mdm.NewTicker(mdm.DefaultReloadInterval, s.mdmLoader)
+		go s.mdmTicker.Run(s.rootCtx, s.onMDMPolicyChange)
+	}
+
 	// if current state contains any error, return it
 	// in all other cases we can continue execution only if status is idle and up command was
 	// not in the progress or already successfully established connection.
@@ -184,7 +302,7 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 
 	s.statusRecorder.UpdateManagementAddress(config.ManagementURL.String())
 	s.statusRecorder.UpdateRosenpass(config.RosenpassEnabled, config.RosenpassPermissive)
-	s.statusRecorder.UpdateLazyConnection(config.LazyConnectionEnabled)
+	s.localMetrics.Reconcile(config.LocalMetricsEnabled, config.LocalMetricsAddress)
 
 	if s.sessionWatcher == nil {
 		s.sessionWatcher = internal.NewSessionWatcher(s.rootCtx, s.statusRecorder)
@@ -206,17 +324,31 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 	s.clientRunningChan = make(chan struct{})
 	s.clientGiveUpChan = make(chan struct{})
 	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
+	s.publishConfigChangedEvent(proto.MetadataSourceStartup)
 	return nil
 }
 
 // connectWithRetryRuns runs the client connection with a backoff strategy where we retry the operation as additional
 // mechanism to keep the client connected even when the connection is lost.
 // we cancel retry if the client receive a stop or down command, or if disable auto connect is configured.
+//
+// The goroutine's exit is signalled to the daemon via close(giveUpChan)
+// — placed in the function-scope defer so every return path (panic,
+// DisableAutoConnect early-exit, backoff exhausted, ctx cancel) closes
+// it. Callers that need to observe "is the goroutine still alive?" use
+// Server.connectionGoroutineRunning() which non-blockingly checks the close state
+// of clientGiveUpChan. The defer does NOT touch s.mutex; the daemon's
+// "intent" (clientRunning) is maintained by the RPC handlers, not by this
+// goroutine.
 func (s *Server) connectWithRetryRuns(ctx context.Context, profileConfig *profilemanager.Config, statusRecorder *peer.Status, runningChan chan struct{}, giveUpChan chan struct{}) {
+	// close(giveUpChan) MUST run on every exit path (DisableAutoConnect
+	// return, backoff.Retry return, panic) — Down() blocks for up to 5s
+	// waiting on this signal before flipping the state to Idle, and a
+	// missed close leaves Down() always hitting the timeout.
 	defer func() {
-		s.mutex.Lock()
-		s.clientRunning = false
-		s.mutex.Unlock()
+		if giveUpChan != nil {
+			close(giveUpChan)
+		}
 	}()
 
 	if s.config.DisableAutoConnect {
@@ -251,6 +383,15 @@ func (s *Server) connectWithRetryRuns(ctx context.Context, profileConfig *profil
 	runOperation := func() error {
 		err := s.connect(ctx, profileConfig, statusRecorder, runningChan)
 		if err != nil {
+			// PermissionDenied means the daemon transitioned to NeedsLogin
+			// inside connect(). Without backoff.Permanent the outer retry
+			// re-enters connect(), which resets the state to Connecting and
+			// makes the tray flicker between NeedsLogin and Connecting until
+			// the user logs in. Stop retrying and let the state stick.
+			if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied {
+				log.Debugf("run client connection exited with PermissionDenied, waiting for login")
+				return backoff.Permanent(err)
+			}
 			log.Debugf("run client connection exited with error: %v. Will retry in the background", err)
 			return err
 		}
@@ -262,13 +403,57 @@ func (s *Server) connectWithRetryRuns(ctx context.Context, profileConfig *profil
 	if err := backoff.Retry(runOperation, backOff); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("operation failed: %v", err)
 	}
+	// giveUpChan is closed by the function-scope defer.
+}
 
-	if giveUpChan != nil {
-		close(giveUpChan)
+// connectionGoroutineRunning reports whether the connectWithRetryRuns goroutine is
+// still running. Returns false when no goroutine has ever been started
+// AND when the most recent one has already closed clientGiveUpChan on
+// exit (whether due to ctx cancel, DisableAutoConnect single-shot
+// completion, or backoff retry exhaustion).
+//
+// MUST be called with s.mutex held — accesses s.clientGiveUpChan which
+// is written by Start/Up under the same lock.
+func (s *Server) connectionGoroutineRunning() bool {
+	if s.clientGiveUpChan == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-s.clientGiveUpChan:
+		return false
+	default:
+		return true
 	}
 }
 
-// loginAttempt attempts to login using the provided information. it returns a status in case something fails
+// attemptLogin runs a login round trip against Management, or the stand-in a
+// test installed in place of it.
+func (s *Server) attemptLogin(ctx context.Context, setupKey, jwtToken string) (internal.StatusType, error) {
+	if s.loginAttemptFn != nil {
+		return s.loginAttemptFn(ctx, setupKey, jwtToken)
+	}
+	return s.loginAttempt(ctx, setupKey, jwtToken)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) isLoginRequired(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	if s.isLoginRequiredFn != nil {
+		return s.isLoginRequiredFn(ctx)
+	}
+
+	authClient, err := auth.NewAuth(ctx, s.config.PrivateKey, s.config.ManagementURL, s.config)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to create auth client: %v", err)
+		return false, err
+	}
+	defer authClient.Close()
+
+	return authClient.IsLoginRequired(ctx)
+}
+
+// loginAttempt attempts to login using the provided information. It returns
+// StatusNeedsLogin when Management refused the peer's credentials and
+// StatusLoginFailed for every other failure, so callers can tell an
+// authentication decision apart from a login that never got made.
 func (s *Server) loginAttempt(ctx context.Context, setupKey, jwtToken string) (internal.StatusType, error) {
 	authClient, err := auth.NewAuth(ctx, s.config.PrivateKey, s.config.ManagementURL, s.config)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -294,57 +479,113 @@ func (s *Server) loginAttempt(ctx context.Context, setupKey, jwtToken string) (i
 
 // Login uses setup key to prepare configuration for the daemon.
 func (s *Server) SetConfig(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SetConfigRequest) (*proto.SetConfigResponse, error) {
+	// Privilege gate: refuse the parts of the request that would let a local
+	// user turn the root daemon into a root shell. Held across the write so the
+	// config cannot gain the SSH server between the decision and the update.
+	//
+	// Taken before s.mutex: authorizeAndPrepareLogin takes s.mutex while holding
+	// guardedConfigMu, so acquiring the two in the other order here would let a
+	// concurrent login deadlock the daemon.
+	s.guardedConfigMu.Lock()
+	defer s.guardedConfigMu.Unlock()
+
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if s.checkUpdateSettingsDisabled() {
-		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errUpdateSettingsDisabled)
+	// Skip the update-settings gate when the request carries no actual
+	// overrides: the CLI builds a SetConfigRequest unconditionally on
+	// every `netbird up` (setupSetConfigReq in cmd/up.go), so a plain
+	// `netbird up` would otherwise always trip the gate and surface a
+	// misleading "setConfig method is not available" warning, even when
+	// the user did not pass any config flag.
+	if setConfigRequestHasConfigOverrides(msg) {
+		if s.checkUpdateSettingsDisabled() {
+			return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errUpdateSettingsDisabled)
+		}
 	}
 
-	profState := profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     msg.ProfileName,
-		Username: msg.Username,
+	// MDM gate: refuse the whole request if any of its fields is enforced
+	// by the active MDM policy. The error carries an MDMManagedFields-
+	// Violation detail listing the offending key names. Non-conflicting
+	// fields in the same request are not applied either.
+	policy := s.mdmLoader.Load()
+	if err := rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts(mdmManagedFieldConflicts(msg, policy)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	profPath, err := profState.FilePath()
+	stored, err := s.storedProfileConfig(msg.ProfileName, msg.Username)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile file path: %v", err)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile file path: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := requirePrivilegeForConfigChange(callerCtx, stored, privilegedChangeFromSetConfig(msg)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	config, err := s.setConfigInputFromRequest(msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	updatedConf, err := profilemanager.UpdateConfig(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to update profile config: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to update profile config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState(); err == nil {
+		if activePath, err := activeProf.FilePath(); err == nil && activePath == config.ConfigPath {
+			s.localMetrics.Reconcile(updatedConf.LocalMetricsEnabled, updatedConf.LocalMetricsAddress)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &proto.SetConfigResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+// setConfigInputFromRequest translates a SetConfigRequest into the
+// profilemanager.ConfigInput that profilemanager.UpdateConfig consumes.
+// Pure mapping with no business logic beyond presence-aware copying of
+// optional fields and the "empty / clean" semantics for the two slice
+// fields (DNS labels, NAT external IPs). Extracted from SetConfig to
+// keep the handler's cognitive complexity below the SonarCube
+// threshold; the body is intentionally linear because each proto
+// field is its own optional case. Returns the resolved ConfigInput
+// and a non-nil error only when the active profile file path cannot
+// be determined.
+func (s *Server) setConfigInputFromRequest(msg *proto.SetConfigRequest) (profilemanager.ConfigInput, error) {
 	var config profilemanager.ConfigInput
 
+	resolved, err := s.resolveProfileHandle(msg.ProfileName, msg.Username)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to resolve profile %q: %v", msg.ProfileName, err)
+		return config, err
+	}
+	profPath := resolved.Path
+	if profPath == "" {
+		profPath = profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
+	}
 	config.ConfigPath = profPath
 
 	if msg.ManagementUrl != "" {
 		config.ManagementURL = msg.ManagementUrl
 	}
-
 	if msg.AdminURL != "" {
 		config.AdminURL = msg.AdminURL
 	}
-
 	if msg.InterfaceName != nil {
 		config.InterfaceName = msg.InterfaceName
 	}
-
 	if msg.WireguardPort != nil {
 		wgPort := int(*msg.WireguardPort)
 		config.WireguardPort = &wgPort
 	}
-
 	if msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != nil {
-		if *msg.OptionalPreSharedKey != "" {
-			config.PreSharedKey = msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
-		}
+		config.PreSharedKey = msg.OptionalPreSharedKey
 	}
 
 	if msg.CleanDNSLabels {
 		config.DNSLabels = domain.List{}
-
 	} else if msg.DnsLabels != nil {
-		dnsLabels := domain.FromPunycodeList(msg.DnsLabels)
-		config.DNSLabels = dnsLabels
+		config.DNSLabels = domain.FromPunycodeList(msg.DnsLabels)
 	}
 
 	if msg.CleanNATExternalIPs {
@@ -357,7 +598,6 @@ func (s *Server) SetConfig(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SetConfigReques
 	if string(msg.CustomDNSAddress) == "empty" {
 		config.CustomDNSAddress = []byte{}
 	}
-
 	config.ExtraIFaceBlackList = msg.ExtraIFaceBlacklist
 
 	if msg.DnsRouteInterval != nil {
@@ -367,8 +607,11 @@ func (s *Server) SetConfig(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SetConfigReques
 
 	config.RosenpassEnabled = msg.RosenpassEnabled
 	config.RosenpassPermissive = msg.RosenpassPermissive
+	config.LocalMetricsEnabled = msg.EnableLocalMetrics
+	config.LocalMetricsAddress = msg.LocalMetricsAddress
 	config.DisableAutoConnect = msg.DisableAutoConnect
 	config.ServerSSHAllowed = msg.ServerSSHAllowed
+	config.RemoteJobsAllowed = msg.RemoteJobsAllowed
 	config.NetworkMonitor = msg.NetworkMonitor
 	config.DisableClientRoutes = msg.DisableClientRoutes
 	config.DisableServerRoutes = msg.DisableServerRoutes
@@ -376,8 +619,8 @@ func (s *Server) SetConfig(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SetConfigReques
 	config.DisableFirewall = msg.DisableFirewall
 	config.BlockLANAccess = msg.BlockLanAccess
 	config.DisableNotifications = msg.DisableNotifications
-	config.LazyConnectionEnabled = msg.LazyConnectionEnabled
 	config.BlockInbound = msg.BlockInbound
+	config.DisableIPv6 = msg.DisableIpv6
 	config.EnableSSHRoot = msg.EnableSSHRoot
 	config.EnableSSHSFTP = msg.EnableSSHSFTP
 	config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding = msg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding
@@ -389,47 +632,30 @@ func (s *Server) SetConfig(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SetConfigReques
 		ttl := int(*msg.SshJWTCacheTTL)
 		config.SSHJWTCacheTTL = &ttl
 	}
-
 	if msg.Mtu != nil {
 		mtu := uint16(*msg.Mtu)
 		config.MTU = &mtu
 	}
-
-	if _, err := profilemanager.UpdateConfig(config); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to update profile config: %v", err)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to update profile config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return &proto.SetConfigResponse{}, nil
+	return config, nil
 }
 
 // Login uses setup key to prepare configuration for the daemon.
 func (s *Server) Login(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.LoginRequest) (*proto.LoginResponse, error) {
-	s.mutex.Lock()
-	if s.actCancel != nil {
-		s.actCancel()
-	}
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(callerCtx)
-
-	md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(callerCtx)
-	if ok {
-		ctx = metadata.NewOutgoingContext(ctx, md)
-	}
-
-	s.actCancel = cancel
-	s.mutex.Unlock()
-
-	if err := restoreResidualState(s.rootCtx, s.profileManager.GetStatePath()); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf(errRestoreResidualState, err)
-	}
-
-	state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
-	defer func() {
-		status, err := state.Status()
-		if err != nil || (status != internal.StatusNeedsLogin && status != internal.StatusLoginFailed) {
-			state.Set(internal.StatusIdle)
+	// Config-override gates. LoginRequest carries the same surface as
+	// SetConfigRequest (managementUrl, PSK, ssh/rosenpass/port toggles,
+	// ...), so the same protections must apply. Without these the CLI
+	// command `netbird up --management-url=X` (which falls through to
+	// Login when SetConfig is rejected — see cmd/up.go) would silently
+	// bypass `--disable-update-settings` and any MDM policy.
+	if loginRequestHasConfigOverrides(msg) {
+		if s.checkUpdateSettingsDisabled() {
+			return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errUpdateSettingsDisabled)
 		}
-	}()
+		policy := s.mdmLoader.Load()
+		if err := rejectMDMManagedFieldConflicts(loginRequestMDMConflicts(msg, policy)); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
 
 	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -437,41 +663,45 @@ func (s *Server) Login(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.LoginRequest) (*pro
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile state: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if msg.ProfileName != nil {
-		if *msg.ProfileName != "default" && (msg.Username == nil || *msg.Username == "") {
-			log.Errorf("profile name is set to %s, but username is not provided", *msg.ProfileName)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("profile name is set to %s, but username is not provided", *msg.ProfileName)
-		}
-
-		var username string
-		if *msg.ProfileName != "default" {
-			username = *msg.Username
-		}
-
-		if *msg.ProfileName != activeProf.Name && username != activeProf.Username {
-			if s.checkProfilesDisabled() {
-				log.Errorf("profiles are disabled, you cannot use this feature without profiles enabled")
-				return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errProfilesDisabled)
-			}
-
-			log.Infof("switching to profile %s for user '%s'", *msg.ProfileName, username)
-			if err := s.profileManager.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-				Name:     *msg.ProfileName,
-				Username: username,
-			}); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %w", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	activeProf, err = s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
+	// Privilege gate: same restrictions as SetConfig, since LoginRequest can carry
+	// the same fields. It runs before anything here changes daemon state, so a
+	// refused login neither switches the profile nor cancels a login already in
+	// progress, and it reads the profile the request targets, which is the one the
+	// switch below would activate.
+	stored, err := s.storedLoginConfig(activeProf, msg)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile state: %v", err)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile state: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := requirePrivilegeForConfigChange(callerCtx, stored, privilegedChangeFromLogin(msg)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("active profile: %s for %s", activeProf.Name, activeProf.Username)
+	state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
+	status := state.CurrentStatus()
+	if status == internal.StatusConnected {
+		return &proto.LoginResponse{}, nil
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		status, err := state.Status()
+		if err != nil || (status != internal.StatusNeedsLogin && status != internal.StatusLoginFailed) {
+			state.Set(internal.StatusIdle)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	ctx, activeProf, err := s.authorizeAndPrepareLogin(callerCtx, msg, activeProf)
+	if err != nil {
+		// The RPC boundary is where this gets recorded: nothing logs handler
+		// errors for us, and a caller that retries would otherwise leave no
+		// trace in the daemon log. A refusal is skipped because the gate has
+		// already logged the decision, with the caller's identity.
+		if gstatus.Code(err) != codes.PermissionDenied {
+			log.Errorf("failed to prepare login: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("active profile: %s for %s", activeProf.ID, activeProf.Username)
 
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 
@@ -491,64 +721,35 @@ func (s *Server) Login(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.LoginRequest) (*pro
 	s.config = config
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if _, err := s.loginAttempt(ctx, "", ""); err == nil {
+	s.localMetrics.Reconcile(config.LocalMetricsEnabled, config.LocalMetricsAddress)
+
+	// A probe that errors leaves the login undecided: Management unreachable, a
+	// restart mid-request, an internal error. Those are returned for the caller
+	// to retry, because turning them into an SSO prompt asks the user to solve
+	// something that is not theirs to solve, and a browser login cannot succeed
+	// while Management is unreachable anyway. Only Management refusing the
+	// peer's key is a decision, and IsLoginRequired reports that as
+	// needsLogin=true rather than an error.
+	needsLogin, err := s.isLoginRequired(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		state.Set(internal.StatusLoginFailed)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !needsLogin {
 		state.Set(internal.StatusIdle)
 		return &proto.LoginResponse{}, nil
 	}
 
-	state.Set(internal.StatusConnecting)
-
 	if msg.SetupKey == "" {
-		hint := ""
-		if msg.Hint != nil {
-			hint = *msg.Hint
-		}
-		oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, config, msg.IsUnixDesktopClient, false, hint)
-		if err != nil {
-			state.Set(internal.StatusLoginFailed)
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		if s.oauthAuthFlow.flow != nil && s.oauthAuthFlow.flow.GetClientID(ctx) == oAuthFlow.GetClientID(ctx) {
-			if s.oauthAuthFlow.expiresAt.After(time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)) {
-				log.Debugf("using previous oauth flow info")
-				return &proto.LoginResponse{
-					NeedsSSOLogin:           true,
-					VerificationURI:         s.oauthAuthFlow.info.VerificationURI,
-					VerificationURIComplete: s.oauthAuthFlow.info.VerificationURIComplete,
-					UserCode:                s.oauthAuthFlow.info.UserCode,
-				}, nil
-			} else {
-				log.Warnf("canceling previous waiting execution")
-				if s.oauthAuthFlow.waitCancel != nil {
-					s.oauthAuthFlow.waitCancel()
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		authInfo, err := oAuthFlow.RequestAuthInfo(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("getting a request OAuth flow failed: %v", err)
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		s.mutex.Lock()
-		s.oauthAuthFlow.flow = oAuthFlow
-		s.oauthAuthFlow.info = authInfo
-		s.oauthAuthFlow.expiresAt = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(authInfo.ExpiresIn) * time.Second)
-		s.mutex.Unlock()
-
-		state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
-
-		return &proto.LoginResponse{
-			NeedsSSOLogin:           true,
-			VerificationURI:         authInfo.VerificationURI,
-			VerificationURIComplete: authInfo.VerificationURIComplete,
-			UserCode:                authInfo.UserCode,
-		}, nil
+		return s.beginSSOLogin(ctx, config, msg)
 	}
 
-	if loginStatus, err := s.loginAttempt(ctx, msg.SetupKey, ""); err != nil {
+	// Setup-key path: we are about to dial Management with the key, so the
+	// Connecting paint is meaningful here — unlike the SSO branch above,
+	// which returns NeedsLogin and parks on the browser leg.
+	state.Set(internal.StatusConnecting)
+
+	if loginStatus, err := s.attemptLogin(ctx, msg.SetupKey, ""); err != nil {
 		state.Set(loginStatus)
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -556,8 +757,113 @@ func (s *Server) Login(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.LoginRequest) (*pro
 	return &proto.LoginResponse{}, nil
 }
 
-// WaitSSOLogin uses the userCode to validate the TokenInfo and
-// waits for the user to continue with the login on a browser
+// beginSSOLogin starts the browser leg of a login that carries no setup key and
+// returns the response that parks the caller on it.
+func (s *Server) beginSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config, msg *proto.LoginRequest) (*proto.LoginResponse, error) {
+	state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
+
+	hint := ""
+	if msg.Hint != nil {
+		hint = *msg.Hint
+	}
+	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, config, msg.IsUnixDesktopClient, false, hint)
+	if err != nil {
+		state.Set(internal.StatusLoginFailed)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if resp := s.pendingOAuthFlowResponse(ctx, oAuthFlow); resp != nil {
+		state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
+		return resp, nil
+	}
+
+	authInfo, err := oAuthFlow.RequestAuthInfo(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("getting a request OAuth flow failed: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	s.oauthAuthFlow.flow = oAuthFlow
+	s.oauthAuthFlow.info = authInfo
+	s.oauthAuthFlow.expiresAt = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(authInfo.ExpiresIn) * time.Second)
+	s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
+
+	return &proto.LoginResponse{
+		NeedsSSOLogin:           true,
+		VerificationURI:         authInfo.VerificationURI,
+		VerificationURIComplete: authInfo.VerificationURIComplete,
+		UserCode:                authInfo.UserCode,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// pendingOAuthFlowResponse returns the in-flight flow's response when it
+// targets the same IdP client and has enough time left for the user to finish
+// the browser leg, so a second login joins the pending flow instead of opening
+// a competing one. A flow too close to expiry has its waiter cancelled and nil
+// returned, leaving the caller to start a fresh flow.
+func (s *Server) pendingOAuthFlowResponse(ctx context.Context, oAuthFlow auth.OAuthFlow) *proto.LoginResponse {
+	if s.oauthAuthFlow.flow == nil || s.oauthAuthFlow.flow.GetClientID(ctx) != oAuthFlow.GetClientID(ctx) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if s.oauthAuthFlow.expiresAt.After(time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)) {
+		log.Debugf("using previous oauth flow info")
+		return &proto.LoginResponse{
+			NeedsSSOLogin:           true,
+			VerificationURI:         s.oauthAuthFlow.info.VerificationURI,
+			VerificationURIComplete: s.oauthAuthFlow.info.VerificationURIComplete,
+			UserCode:                s.oauthAuthFlow.info.UserCode,
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Warnf("canceling previous waiting execution")
+	if s.oauthAuthFlow.waitCancel != nil {
+		s.oauthAuthFlow.waitCancel()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WaitSSOLogin validates the supplied userCode against the in-flight OAuth
+// device/PKCE flow and blocks until the user finishes the browser leg.
+//
+// The daemon holds StatusNeedsLogin for the whole browser wait (set on
+// entry): the login is not done until the token returns, so a client that
+// (re)attaches mid-wait — a restarted UI, a second `netbird up` — reads
+// "login required" and offers the affordance, instead of a Connecting that
+// never resolves. The wait is also tied to the caller's context (see the
+// goroutine below), so a client that goes away cancels the wait instead of
+// orphaning it on rootCtx until the device-code window expires.
+//
+// State transitions on exit:
+//
+//	┌──────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
+//	│ Outcome                                  │ contextState                     │
+//	├──────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
+//	│ Success → loginAttempt ok                │ NeedsLogin held; the caller's Up │
+//	│                                          │   drives Connecting → Connected  │
+//	│ Success → loginAttempt → still-NeedsLogin│ StatusNeedsLogin (loginAttempt)  │
+//	│ Success → loginAttempt error             │ StatusLoginFailed (loginAttempt) │
+//	│ UserCode mismatch                        │ StatusLoginFailed                │
+//	│ WaitToken: context.Canceled              │ NeedsLogin held. Caller gone     │
+//	│   (caller went away — UI restart /       │   (UI/CLI) → a fresh client      │
+//	│   Ctrl+C — or internal abort: profile    │   shows the login affordance;    │
+//	│   switch / app quit / another            │   internal aborts are            │
+//	│   WaitSSOLogin via actCancel/waitCancel) │   overwritten by the next Up.    │
+//	│ WaitToken: context.DeadlineExceeded      │ StatusNeedsLogin                 │
+//	│   (OAuth device-code window expired      │   (retryable; the UI's "Connect" │
+//	│   while waiting on the browser leg)      │   re-enters the Login flow)      │
+//	│ WaitToken: any other error               │ StatusLoginFailed                │
+//	│   (access_denied, expired_token, HTTP    │   (genuine auth/IO failure;      │
+//	│   failure, token validation rejection)   │   surfaced verbatim to caller)   │
+//	└──────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
+//
+// The defer still applies a StatusIdle fallback for the early
+// oauth-flow-not-initialized return (before the entry Set), so a half state
+// doesn't leak when there is nothing to wait on.
 func (s *Server) WaitSSOLogin(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.WaitSSOLoginRequest) (*proto.WaitSSOLoginResponse, error) {
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	if s.actCancel != nil {
@@ -565,6 +871,21 @@ func (s *Server) WaitSSOLogin(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.WaitSSOLogin
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.rootCtx)
 
+	// Tie the in-flight browser wait to the caller. ctx stays rooted in
+	// rootCtx so CtxGetState resolves the daemon's contextState, but if the
+	// UI window or CLI that drove the login goes away mid-flow (restart,
+	// Ctrl+C) the gRPC callerCtx cancels and we cancel the wait instead of
+	// orphaning it on rootCtx until the OAuth device-code window expires.
+	// The goroutine exits as soon as either context completes, so it can't
+	// outlive the RPC.
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-callerCtx.Done():
+			cancel()
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		}
+	}()
+
 	md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(callerCtx)
 	if ok {
 		ctx = metadata.NewOutgoingContext(ctx, md)
@@ -590,7 +911,11 @@ func (s *Server) WaitSSOLogin(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.WaitSSOLogin
 		}
 	}()
 
-	state.Set(internal.StatusConnecting)
+	// Hold NeedsLogin for the whole browser wait — the login is not done
+	// until the token returns, so a client that (re)attaches mid-wait
+	// (restarted UI, second `netbird up`) reads "login required" and offers
+	// the affordance instead of a Connecting that never resolves.
+	state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
 
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	flowInfo := s.oauthAuthFlow.info
@@ -617,7 +942,30 @@ func (s *Server) WaitSSOLogin(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.WaitSSOLogin
 		s.mutex.Lock()
 		s.oauthAuthFlow.expiresAt = time.Now()
 		s.mutex.Unlock()
-		state.Set(internal.StatusLoginFailed)
+		switch {
+		case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
+			// External abort. If our caller cancelled (the client closed
+			// the browser-login popup, or the UI went away — callerCtx is
+			// done), clear the abandoned OAuth flow so a fresh Login starts
+			// a new device code instead of reusing this one. The entry
+			// NeedsLogin stays in place, so a reattaching client shows the
+			// login affordance. An internal abort (actCancel from a new
+			// Login/WaitSSOLogin, callerCtx still live) leaves the flow for
+			// the new owner — don't clobber it.
+			if callerCtx.Err() != nil {
+				s.mutex.Lock()
+				s.oauthAuthFlow = oauthAuthFlow{}
+				s.mutex.Unlock()
+			}
+		case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
+			// OAuth device-code window expired with no user action.
+			// Retryable — leave the daemon in NeedsLogin so the UI
+			// keeps the Login affordance instead of reading as a
+			// hard failure.
+			state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
+		default:
+			state.Set(internal.StatusLoginFailed)
+		}
 		log.Errorf("waiting for browser login failed: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -626,11 +974,12 @@ func (s *Server) WaitSSOLogin(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.WaitSSOLogin
 	s.oauthAuthFlow.expiresAt = time.Now()
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if loginStatus, err := s.loginAttempt(ctx, "", tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()); err != nil {
+	if loginStatus, err := s.attemptLogin(ctx, "", tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()); err != nil {
 		state.Set(loginStatus)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	log.Infof("SSO login flow finished, returning success to caller")
 	return &proto.WaitSSOLoginResponse{
 		Email: tokenInfo.Email,
 	}, nil
@@ -638,8 +987,15 @@ func (s *Server) WaitSSOLogin(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.WaitSSOLogin
 
 // Up starts engine work in the daemon.
 func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpResponse, error) {
+	log.Infof("up request received")
 	s.mutex.Lock()
-	if s.clientRunning {
+	// clientRunning is the daemon-intent flag (set by previous Up/Start, cleared
+	// by Down). connectionGoroutineRunning() reports whether the previous retry-loop
+	// goroutine is still trying. When intent is up AND goroutine is alive,
+	// the existing engine is on the job — just wait for it. When intent
+	// is up but the goroutine has given up (backoff exhausted) OR when
+	// intent is down, fall through to spawn a fresh retry loop.
+	if s.clientRunning && s.connectionGoroutineRunning() {
 		state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
 		status, err := state.Status()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -653,7 +1009,7 @@ func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpR
 
 		return s.waitForUp(callerCtx)
 	}
-	if err := restoreResidualState(callerCtx, s.profileManager.GetStatePath()); err != nil {
+	if err := RestoreResidualState(callerCtx, s.profileManager.GetStatePath()); err != nil {
 		log.Warnf(errRestoreResidualState, err)
 	}
 
@@ -668,6 +1024,22 @@ func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpR
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	// StatusNeedsLogin is a legitimate fresh-start entry state: a successful
+	// WaitSSOLogin deliberately leaves the daemon in NeedsLogin (the login is
+	// done, the token is in hand, but the engine hasn't been brought up yet —
+	// see WaitSSOLogin's state-transition table). The same holds after a
+	// mid-session expiry tore the engine down (clientRunning == false) and the
+	// user re-authenticated. In both cases the caller's Up is expected to drive
+	// the connection; treat NeedsLogin like Idle and reset to Idle so the
+	// engine's own StatusConnecting → StatusConnected progression starts from a
+	// clean slate. Without this, the first Up after an SSO login fails with
+	// "up already in progress" and the user has to trigger Up a second time
+	// (CLI: re-run `netbird up`; GUI: click Connect again).
+	if status == internal.StatusNeedsLogin {
+		status = internal.StatusIdle
+		state.Set(internal.StatusIdle)
+	}
+
 	if status != internal.StatusIdle {
 		s.mutex.Unlock()
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("up already in progress: current status %s", status)
@@ -698,10 +1070,10 @@ func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpR
 	}
 
 	if msg != nil && msg.ProfileName != nil {
-		if err := s.switchProfileIfNeeded(*msg.ProfileName, msg.Username, activeProf); err != nil {
+		if _, err := s.switchProfileIfNeeded(*msg.ProfileName, msg.Username, activeProf); err != nil {
 			s.mutex.Unlock()
 			log.Errorf("failed to switch profile: %v", err)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to switch profile: %w", err)
+			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -712,7 +1084,7 @@ func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpR
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile state: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("active profile: %s for %s", activeProf.Name, activeProf.Username)
+	log.Infof("active profile: %s for %s", activeProf.ID, activeProf.Username)
 
 	config, _, err := s.getConfig(activeProf)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -724,14 +1096,19 @@ func (s *Server) Up(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.UpRequest) (*proto.UpR
 
 	s.statusRecorder.UpdateManagementAddress(s.config.ManagementURL.String())
 	s.statusRecorder.UpdateRosenpass(s.config.RosenpassEnabled, s.config.RosenpassPermissive)
+	s.localMetrics.Reconcile(s.config.LocalMetricsEnabled, s.config.LocalMetricsAddress)
 
 	s.clientRunning = true
 	s.clientRunningChan = make(chan struct{})
 	s.clientGiveUpChan = make(chan struct{})
 
 	go s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, s.config, s.statusRecorder, s.clientRunningChan, s.clientGiveUpChan)
+	s.publishConfigChangedEvent(proto.MetadataSourceUpRPC)
 
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
+	if msg.GetAsync() {
+		return &proto.UpResponse{}, nil
+	}
 	return s.waitForUp(callerCtx)
 }
 
@@ -755,34 +1132,117 @@ func (s *Server) waitForUp(callerCtx context.Context) (*proto.UpResponse, error)
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Server) switchProfileIfNeeded(profileName string, userName *string, activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState) error {
-	if profileName != "default" && (userName == nil || *userName == "") {
-		log.Errorf("profile name is set to %s, but username is not provided", profileName)
-		return fmt.Errorf("profile name is set to %s, but username is not provided", profileName)
+// storedProfileConfig loads the on-disk config of the profile a request
+// targets, so a privileged-change decision can be made against the values the
+// profile currently holds. A profile that has no config file yet yields nil,
+// which every caller must read as "nothing enabled yet".
+func (s *Server) storedProfileConfig(handle, username string) (*profilemanager.Config, error) {
+	resolved, err := s.resolveProfileHandle(handle, username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	path := resolved.Path
+	if path == "" {
+		path = profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
+	}
+
+	return s.storedConfigAtPath(path)
+}
+
+// storedLoginConfig loads the on-disk config of the profile a login request
+// targets: the one it names, or the active one when it names none. Used to decide
+// a privileged change before the request is allowed to switch profiles.
+func (s *Server) storedLoginConfig(activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState, msg *proto.LoginRequest) (*profilemanager.Config, error) {
+	if msg.ProfileName == nil {
+		cfgPath, err := activeProf.FilePath()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("active profile file path: %w", err)
+		}
+		return s.storedConfigAtPath(cfgPath)
+	}
+
+	// Mirrors switchProfileIfNeeded: the default profile resolves without a
+	// username, so this reads the same profile the switch would activate.
+	handle := *msg.ProfileName
+	username := ""
+	if handle != profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
+		username = msg.GetUsername()
+	}
+	return s.storedProfileConfig(handle, username)
+}
+
+// storedConfigAtPath reads a profile config file, yielding nil when it does not
+// exist yet.
+func (s *Server) storedConfigAtPath(path string) (*profilemanager.Config, error) {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stat profile config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg, err := profilemanager.GetConfig(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read profile config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+// resolveProfileHandle resolves a wire-level profile handle (display
+// name, ID, or unique ID prefix) to a concrete profile. Returns gRPC
+// status errors so handlers can return them directly.
+func (s *Server) resolveProfileHandle(handle, username string) (*profilemanager.Profile, error) {
+	p, err := s.profileManager.ResolveProfile(handle, username)
+	if err == nil {
+		return p, nil
+	}
+	var amb *profilemanager.ErrAmbiguousHandle
+	if errors.As(err, &amb) {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", amb)
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, profilemanager.ErrProfileNotFound) {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.NotFound, "profile %q not found", handle)
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve profile: %w", err)
+}
+
+// switchProfileIfNeeded resolves the user-supplied handle, updates the
+// active profile state if it differs from the current one, and returns
+// the resolved profile so callers can include its ID in RPC responses.
+func (s *Server) switchProfileIfNeeded(handle string, userName *string, activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState) (*profilemanager.Profile, error) {
+	if handle != profilemanager.DefaultProfileName && (userName == nil || *userName == "") {
+		log.Errorf("profile name is set to %s, but username is not provided", handle)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("profile name is set to %s, but username is not provided", handle)
 	}
 
 	var username string
-	if profileName != "default" {
+	if handle != profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
 		username = *userName
 	}
 
-	if profileName != activeProf.Name || username != activeProf.Username {
+	resolved, err := s.resolveProfileHandle(handle, username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if resolved.ID != activeProf.ID || username != activeProf.Username {
 		if s.checkProfilesDisabled() {
 			log.Errorf("profiles are disabled, you cannot use this feature without profiles enabled")
-			return gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errProfilesDisabled)
+			return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errProfilesDisabled)
 		}
 
-		log.Infof("switching to profile %s for user %s", profileName, username)
+		log.Infof("switching to profile %s (%s) for user %s", resolved.Name, resolved.ID, username)
 		if err := s.profileManager.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-			Name:     profileName,
+			ID:       resolved.ID,
 			Username: username,
 		}); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %w", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set active profile state: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return resolved, nil
 }
 
 // SwitchProfile switches the active profile in the daemon.
@@ -797,9 +1257,9 @@ func (s *Server) SwitchProfile(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SwitchProfi
 	}
 
 	if msg != nil && msg.ProfileName != nil {
-		if err := s.switchProfileIfNeeded(*msg.ProfileName, msg.Username, activeProf); err != nil {
+		if _, err := s.switchProfileIfNeeded(*msg.ProfileName, msg.Username, activeProf); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to switch profile: %v", err)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to switch profile: %w", err)
+			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
 	activeProf, err = s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
@@ -814,8 +1274,15 @@ func (s *Server) SwitchProfile(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.SwitchProfi
 	}
 
 	s.config = config
+	s.localMetrics.Reconcile(config.LocalMetricsEnabled, config.LocalMetricsAddress)
 
-	return &proto.SwitchProfileResponse{}, nil
+	s.jwtCache.clear()
+
+	if msg != nil && msg.ProfileName != nil {
+		s.publishProfileListChanged(*msg.ProfileName)
+	}
+
+	return &proto.SwitchProfileResponse{Id: activeProf.ID.String()}, nil
 }
 
 // Down engine work in the daemon.
@@ -826,28 +1293,45 @@ func (s *Server) Down(ctx context.Context, _ *proto.DownRequest) (*proto.DownRes
 
 	if err := s.cleanupConnection(); err != nil {
 		s.mutex.Unlock()
-		// todo review to update the status in case any type of error
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrServiceNotUp) {
+			log.Debugf("Down called while service not up: %v", err)
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		log.Errorf("failed to shut down properly: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
-	state.Set(internal.StatusIdle)
-
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	// Wait for the connectWithRetryRuns goroutine to finish with a short timeout.
 	// This prevents the goroutine from setting ErrResetConnection after Down() returns.
-	// The giveUpChan is closed at the end of connectWithRetryRuns.
+	// The giveUpChan is closed by the goroutine's deferred cleanup (see
+	// connectWithRetryRuns) on every exit path. A timeout here typically
+	// means the goroutine is still wedged inside a slow teardown step.
 	if giveUpChan != nil {
 		select {
 		case <-giveUpChan:
-			log.Debugf("client goroutine finished successfully")
+			log.Debugf("client goroutine finished, giveUpChan closed")
 		case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
 			log.Warnf("timeout waiting for client goroutine to finish, proceeding anyway")
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Set Idle only after the retry goroutine has exited (or timed out).
+	// Setting it earlier races with the goroutine's own Set(StatusConnecting)
+	// at the top of each retry attempt, which would leave the snapshot
+	// stuck at Connecting long after the user asked to disconnect.
+	internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx).Set(internal.StatusIdle)
+
+	// Clear stale management/signal errors so the next Up() (typically for a
+	// different profile) starts with a clean status snapshot. Without this,
+	// a managementError left over from a LoginFailed cycle persists in the
+	// statusRecorder and appears in the new profile's initial
+	// SubscribeStatus snapshot, making the new profile look like it also
+	// failed to log in.
+	s.statusRecorder.MarkManagementDisconnected(nil)
+	s.statusRecorder.MarkSignalDisconnected(nil)
+
 	return &proto.DownResponse{}, nil
 }
 
@@ -858,6 +1342,12 @@ func (s *Server) cleanupConnection() error {
 		return ErrServiceNotUp
 	}
 
+	// Daemon intent flips to "down" — all callers (Down RPC,
+	// Logout RPC handlers) tear down the connection because the user
+	// explicitly asked for it. MDM restart does NOT go through this
+	// path, so its clientRunning stays true.
+	s.clientRunning = false
+
 	// Capture the engine reference before cancelling the context.
 	// After actCancel(), the connectWithRetryRuns goroutine wakes up
 	// and sets connectClient.engine = nil, causing connectClient.Stop()
@@ -873,9 +1363,13 @@ func (s *Server) cleanupConnection() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	// TODO: consider calling s.connectClient.Stop() instead of engine.Stop().
+	// actCancel() lets the run loop stop the engine too, so both stop it
+	// concurrently; ConnectClient.Stop cancels and waits for the run loop,
+	// making the run loop the sole owner of engine shutdown.
 	if engine != nil {
 		if err := engine.Stop(); err != nil {
-			return err
+			log.Errorf("failed to stop engine during cleanup: %v", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -899,32 +1393,66 @@ func (s *Server) Logout(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.LogoutRequest) (*proto.L
 }
 
 func (s *Server) handleProfileLogout(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.LogoutRequest) (*proto.LogoutResponse, error) {
-	if err := s.validateProfileOperation(*msg.ProfileName, true); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	if msg.Username == nil || *msg.Username == "" {
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "username must be provided when profile name is specified")
 	}
 	username := *msg.Username
 
-	if err := s.logoutFromProfile(ctx, *msg.ProfileName, username); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to logout from profile %s: %v", *msg.ProfileName, err)
+	resolved, err := s.resolveProfileHandle(*msg.ProfileName, username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "failed to get active profile state: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := s.validateProfileLogout(resolved.ID, isActiveProfile(activeProf, resolved.ID, username)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := s.logoutFromProfile(ctx, resolved, username); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to logout from profile %s: %v", resolved.ID, err)
+		// A refused deregistration is already a status error carrying the reason
+		// and the command to run; rewrapping it as Internal would flatten both
+		// into a gRPC dump for the user.
+		if _, isStatus := gstatus.FromError(err); isStatus {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Internal, "logout: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	activeProf, _ := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
-	if activeProf != nil && activeProf.Name == *msg.ProfileName {
-		if err := s.cleanupConnection(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrServiceNotUp) {
-			log.Errorf("failed to cleanup connection: %v", err)
-		}
-		state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
-		state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
-	}
+	s.cleanupAfterProfileLogout(resolved.ID, username)
 
 	return &proto.LogoutResponse{}, nil
 }
 
+// cleanupAfterProfileLogout tears the connection down and asks for a new login
+// when the profile that was just deregistered is the one the daemon is running.
+// The active profile is read again here rather than reused from the pre-flight
+// check: Login switches profiles under guardedConfigMu, which this path does not
+// hold, so a login that landed meanwhile must not have its fresh connection
+// dropped by a logout that targeted the profile it replaced.
+func (s *Server) cleanupAfterProfileLogout(id profilemanager.ID, username string) {
+	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile state after logout from profile %s: %v", id, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !isActiveProfile(activeProf, id, username) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.cleanupConnection(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrServiceNotUp) {
+		log.Errorf("failed to cleanup connection: %v", err)
+	}
+	s.jwtCache.clear()
+	state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
+	state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
+}
+
 func (s *Server) handleActiveProfileLogout(ctx context.Context) (*proto.LogoutResponse, error) {
 	if s.config == nil {
 		activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
@@ -949,6 +1477,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleActiveProfileLogout(ctx context.Context) (*proto.LogoutRe
 		log.Errorf("failed to cleanup connection: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	s.jwtCache.clear()
 
 	state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
 	state.Set(internal.StatusNeedsLogin)
@@ -956,7 +1485,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleActiveProfileLogout(ctx context.Context) (*proto.LogoutRe
 	return &proto.LogoutResponse{}, nil
 }
 
-// GetConfig reads config file and returns Config and whether the config file already existed. Errors out if it does not exist
+// getConfig reads config file and returns Config and whether the config file already existed. Errors out if it does not exist
 func (s *Server) getConfig(activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState) (*profilemanager.Config, bool, error) {
 	cfgPath, err := activeProf.FilePath()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -973,60 +1502,71 @@ func (s *Server) getConfig(activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState) (*prof
 		return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get config: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Apply the daemon-owned MDM policy on top of the just-resolved
+	// Config. profilemanager's apply() initialises the policy to
+	// empty — the Loader lives outside Config, so this overlay step
+	// is driven externally here.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(s.mdmLoader.Load())
+
 	return config, configExisted, nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) canRemoveProfile(profileName string) error {
-	if profileName == profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remove profile with reserved name: %s", profilemanager.DefaultProfileName)
+// validateProfileLogout gates a profile-addressed logout. Deregistering the
+// profile the daemon already runs is what a plain `netbird logout` does, so the
+// profiles-disabled kill switch must not block it. Logging out of any other
+// profile is profile management and stays gated.
+func (s *Server) validateProfileLogout(id profilemanager.ID, isActive bool) error {
+	if id == "" {
+		return gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "profile name must be provided")
 	}
 
-	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
-	if err == nil && activeProf.Name == profileName {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remove active profile: %s", profileName)
+	if isActive {
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *Server) validateProfileOperation(profileName string, allowActiveProfile bool) error {
 	if s.checkProfilesDisabled() {
 		return gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errProfilesDisabled)
 	}
 
-	if profileName == "" {
-		return gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "profile name must be provided")
-	}
-
-	if !allowActiveProfile {
-		if err := s.canRemoveProfile(profileName); err != nil {
-			return gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "%v", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
-// logoutFromProfile logs out from a specific profile by loading its config and sending logout request
-func (s *Server) logoutFromProfile(ctx context.Context, profileName, username string) error {
+// isActiveProfile reports whether id is the profile the daemon runs for
+// username. The username is part of the comparison because legacy profile IDs
+// are display names, which two users can both hold; the default profile is
+// shared by every user and carries no username.
+func isActiveProfile(activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState, id profilemanager.ID, username string) bool {
+	if activeProf == nil || activeProf.ID != id {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return id == profilemanager.DefaultProfileName || activeProf.Username == username
+}
+
+// logoutFromProfile deregisters profile, reusing the running config when
+// profile is the one the daemon is connected with. The username takes part in
+// that decision for the same reason it does in the logout gate: a legacy
+// profile ID is a display name two users can share, and sending the running
+// config for a namesake would deregister the active peer instead of the
+// requested one.
+func (s *Server) logoutFromProfile(ctx context.Context, profile *profilemanager.Profile, username string) error {
 	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
-	if err == nil && activeProf.Name == profileName && s.connectClient != nil {
+	if err == nil && isActiveProfile(activeProf, profile.ID, username) && s.connectClient != nil {
 		return s.sendLogoutRequest(ctx)
 	}
 
-	profileState := &profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     profileName,
-		Username: username,
-	}
-	profilePath, err := profileState.FilePath()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get profile path: %w", err)
+	cfgPath := profile.Path
+	if cfgPath == "" {
+		cfgPath = profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
 	}
 
-	config, err := profilemanager.GetConfig(profilePath)
+	config, err := profilemanager.GetConfig(cfgPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("profile '%s' not found", profileName)
+		return fmt.Errorf("profile '%s' not found", profile.ID)
 	}
+	// Honour any MDM-enforced ManagementURL when issuing the logout
+	// RPC: the user-stored value may have been overridden by policy.
+	config.ApplyMDMPolicy(s.mdmLoader.Load())
 
 	return s.sendLogoutRequestWithConfig(ctx, config)
 }
@@ -1036,6 +1576,13 @@ func (s *Server) sendLogoutRequest(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func (s *Server) sendLogoutRequestWithConfig(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config) error {
+	// Privilege gate: deregistering frees this machine's key to be registered
+	// against another management server, which is only restricted while the SSH
+	// server makes that a privilege handover.
+	if err := requirePrivilegeForDeregistration(ctx, config); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	key, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(config.PrivateKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("parse private key: %w", err)
@@ -1052,7 +1599,19 @@ func (s *Server) sendLogoutRequestWithConfig(ctx context.Context, config *profil
 		}
 	}()
 
-	return mgmClient.Logout()
+	if err := mgmClient.Logout(); err != nil {
+		// The peer is already gone from the management server (e.g. deleted
+		// from the dashboard). The logout's goal — deregistering this peer —
+		// is therefore already satisfied, so treat NotFound as success rather
+		// than blocking the logout/profile-removal flow.
+		if logoutPeerGone(err) {
+			log.Infof("peer already removed from management server, treating logout as successful")
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
 // Status returns the daemon status
@@ -1061,10 +1620,14 @@ func (s *Server) Status(
 	msg *proto.StatusRequest,
 ) (*proto.StatusResponse, error) {
 	s.mutex.Lock()
-	clientRunning := s.clientRunning
+	// Only wait if the retry-loop goroutine is alive and making
+	// progress. clientRunning=true with connectionGoroutineRunning=false means the
+	// backoff has given up — there is nothing to wait for; let the
+	// caller observe the failed status directly.
+	alive := s.connectionGoroutineRunning()
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if msg.WaitForReady != nil && *msg.WaitForReady && clientRunning {
+	if msg.WaitForReady != nil && *msg.WaitForReady && alive {
 		state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
 		status, err := state.Status()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1101,9 +1664,24 @@ func (s *Server) Status(
 		}
 	}
 
-	status, err := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx).Status()
+	return s.buildStatusResponse(ctx, msg)
+}
+
+// buildStatusResponse composes a StatusResponse from the current daemon
+// state. Shared between the unary Status RPC and the SubscribeStatus
+// stream so both paths return identical snapshots. ctx scopes the health
+// probe runProbes may trigger — a caller that disconnects cancels it.
+func (s *Server) buildStatusResponse(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.StatusRequest) (*proto.StatusResponse, error) {
+	state := internal.CtxGetState(s.rootCtx)
+	status, err := state.Status()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		// state.Status() blanks the status when err is set (e.g. management
+		// retry loop wrapped a connection error). The underlying status is
+		// still meaningful and the failure is already surfaced via
+		// FullStatus.ManagementState.Error, so don't propagate err — that
+		// would tear down the SubscribeStatus stream and cause the UI to
+		// mark the daemon as unreachable on every retry.
+		status = state.CurrentStatus()
 	}
 
 	if status == internal.StatusNeedsLogin && s.isSessionActive.Load() {
@@ -1114,15 +1692,20 @@ func (s *Server) Status(
 
 	statusResponse := proto.StatusResponse{Status: string(status), DaemonVersion: version.NetbirdVersion()}
 
+	if deadline := s.statusRecorder.GetSessionExpiresAt(); !deadline.IsZero() {
+		statusResponse.SessionExpiresAt = timestamppb.New(deadline)
+	}
+
 	s.statusRecorder.UpdateManagementAddress(s.config.ManagementURL.String())
 	s.statusRecorder.UpdateRosenpass(s.config.RosenpassEnabled, s.config.RosenpassPermissive)
 
 	if msg.GetFullPeerStatus {
-		s.runProbes(msg.ShouldRunProbes)
+		s.runProbes(ctx, msg.ShouldRunProbes)
 		fullStatus := s.statusRecorder.GetFullStatus()
 		pbFullStatus := fullStatus.ToProto()
 		pbFullStatus.Events = s.statusRecorder.GetEventHistory()
 		pbFullStatus.SshServerState = s.getSSHServerState()
+		pbFullStatus.NetworksRevision = s.statusRecorder.GetNetworksRevision()
 		statusResponse.FullStatus = pbFullStatus
 	}
 
@@ -1235,6 +1818,20 @@ func (s *Server) getJWTCacheTTL() time.Duration {
 	return ttl
 }
 
+// cachedJWT returns the cached SSH JWT to the identity that obtained it, and a
+// miss on a control channel that carries no caller identity.
+func (s *Server) cachedJWT(ctx context.Context) (string, bool) {
+	caller, ok := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		// Expected and handled on a control channel with no peer identity: the
+		// caller re-authenticates. daemonServerOptions warns about it once at
+		// startup, so this stays out of the per-request log.
+		log.Debug("not serving the cached SSH JWT: the caller's identity cannot be verified on this control channel")
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return s.jwtCache.get(caller)
+}
+
 // RequestJWTAuth initiates JWT authentication flow for SSH
 func (s *Server) RequestJWTAuth(
 	ctx context.Context,
@@ -1244,8 +1841,14 @@ func (s *Server) RequestJWTAuth(
 		return nil, ctx.Err()
 	}
 
+	// The generation is read here, with the config and under the same lock, not
+	// where the flow is stored below: RequestAuthInfo talks to the IdP in
+	// between, and a switch or a logout during that call would otherwise be
+	// read as the generation this flow belongs to. SwitchProfile holds
+	// s.mutex across its own clear(), so the pair cannot be torn.
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	config := s.config
+	cacheGeneration := s.jwtCache.currentGeneration()
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	if config == nil {
@@ -1254,7 +1857,7 @@ func (s *Server) RequestJWTAuth(
 
 	jwtCacheTTL := s.getJWTCacheTTL()
 	if jwtCacheTTL > 0 {
-		if cachedToken, found := s.jwtCache.get(); found {
+		if cachedToken, found := s.cachedJWT(ctx); found {
 			log.Debugf("JWT token found in cache, returning cached token for SSH authentication")
 
 			return &proto.RequestJWTAuthResponse{
@@ -1273,8 +1876,8 @@ func (s *Server) RequestJWTAuth(
 		hint = profilemanager.GetLoginHint()
 	}
 
-	isDesktop := isUnixRunningDesktop()
-	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, config, isDesktop, false, hint)
+	// the daemon has no graphical session of its own, only the caller can answer this
+	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, config, msg.GetHasGraphicalSession(), false, hint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to create OAuth flow: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -1288,6 +1891,7 @@ func (s *Server) RequestJWTAuth(
 	s.oauthAuthFlow.flow = oAuthFlow
 	s.oauthAuthFlow.info = authInfo
 	s.oauthAuthFlow.expiresAt = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(authInfo.ExpiresIn) * time.Second)
+	s.oauthAuthFlow.cacheGeneration = cacheGeneration
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	return &proto.RequestJWTAuthResponse{
@@ -1312,6 +1916,10 @@ func (s *Server) WaitJWTToken(
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	oAuthFlow := s.oauthAuthFlow.flow
 	authInfo := s.oauthAuthFlow.info
+	// Recorded when the flow was created, not read here: the flow survives a
+	// profile switch, and everything from RequestJWTAuth to the IdP answering
+	// has to count as the same session for the cache.
+	generation := s.oauthAuthFlow.cacheGeneration
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	if oAuthFlow == nil || authInfo.DeviceCode != req.DeviceCode {
@@ -1326,11 +1934,17 @@ func (s *Server) WaitJWTToken(
 	token := tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse()
 
 	jwtCacheTTL := s.getJWTCacheTTL()
-	if jwtCacheTTL > 0 {
-		s.jwtCache.store(token, jwtCacheTTL)
-		log.Debugf("JWT token cached for SSH authentication, TTL: %v", jwtCacheTTL)
-	} else {
+	switch caller, ok := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(ctx); {
+	case jwtCacheTTL <= 0:
 		log.Debug("JWT caching disabled, not storing token")
+	case !ok:
+		log.Debug("not caching the SSH JWT: the caller's identity cannot be verified on this control channel")
+	default:
+		if s.jwtCache.store(token, caller, jwtCacheTTL, generation) {
+			log.Debugf("JWT token cached for SSH authentication, TTL: %v", jwtCacheTTL)
+		} else {
+			log.Debug("not caching the SSH JWT: the session it was obtained under ended while the IdP was polled")
+		}
 	}
 
 	s.mutex.Lock()
@@ -1343,6 +1957,154 @@ func (s *Server) WaitJWTToken(
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// RequestExtendAuthSession initiates the SSO session-extension flow and
+// returns the verification URI the UI should open. The flow state is held
+// in s.extendAuthSessionFlow until WaitExtendAuthSession resolves it.
+func (s *Server) RequestExtendAuthSession(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	msg *proto.RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest,
+) (*proto.RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	}
+
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	config := s.config
+	connectClient := s.connectClient
+	s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if config == nil {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "client is not configured")
+	}
+	if connectClient == nil {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "client is not running")
+	}
+	if connectClient.Engine() == nil {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "session can no longer be extended, log in again to reconnect")
+	}
+
+	hint := ""
+	if msg.Hint != nil {
+		hint = *msg.Hint
+	}
+	if hint == "" {
+		hint = profilemanager.GetLoginHint()
+	}
+
+	// the daemon has no graphical session of its own, only the caller can answer this
+	oAuthFlow, err := auth.NewOAuthFlow(ctx, config, msg.GetHasGraphicalSession(), false, hint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to create OAuth flow: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	authInfo, err := oAuthFlow.RequestAuthInfo(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to request auth info: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	s.extendAuthSessionFlow.Set(oAuthFlow, authInfo)
+
+	return &proto.RequestExtendAuthSessionResponse{
+		VerificationURI:         authInfo.VerificationURI,
+		VerificationURIComplete: authInfo.VerificationURIComplete,
+		UserCode:                authInfo.UserCode,
+		DeviceCode:              authInfo.DeviceCode,
+		ExpiresIn:               int64(authInfo.ExpiresIn),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// WaitExtendAuthSession blocks until the user completes the SSO step
+// initiated by RequestExtendAuthSession, then forwards the resulting JWT
+// to the management server's ExtendAuthSession RPC. The returned deadline
+// is also applied locally via the engine so SubscribeStatus consumers see
+// the refreshed state.
+func (s *Server) WaitExtendAuthSession(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	req *proto.WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest,
+) (*proto.WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	}
+
+	oAuthFlow, authInfo, ok := s.extendAuthSessionFlow.Get()
+
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	connectClient := s.connectClient
+	s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if !ok || authInfo.DeviceCode != req.DeviceCode {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "invalid device code or no active extend-session flow")
+	}
+
+	// Preempt a previous WaitExtendAuthSession (e.g. when the tray
+	// notification and the about-to-expire dialog both start a flow on
+	// the same deadline). The older waiter exits via context.Canceled;
+	// the new one takes over the IdP poll.
+	s.extendAuthSessionFlow.CancelWait()
+
+	waitCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+	s.extendAuthSessionFlow.SetWaitCancel(cancel)
+
+	tokenInfo, err := oAuthFlow.WaitToken(waitCtx, authInfo)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Canceled, "extend-session flow preempted")
+		}
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to obtain JWT token: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Clear pending flow before talking to mgm so a retry can re-initiate.
+	s.extendAuthSessionFlow.Clear()
+
+	if connectClient == nil {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "client is not running")
+	}
+	engine := connectClient.Engine()
+	if engine == nil {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.FailedPrecondition, "engine is not initialised")
+	}
+
+	deadline, err := engine.ExtendAuthSession(ctx, tokenInfo.GetTokenToUse())
+	if err != nil {
+		// Log the full wrapped chain, but return only the innermost gRPC
+		// status (code + clean desc) so the UI shows the root cause, not
+		// the daemon's wrapping layers.
+		log.Errorf("management ExtendAuthSession failed: %v", err)
+		if st := innermostStatus(err); st != nil {
+			return nil, gstatus.Error(st.Code(), st.Message())
+		}
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Internal, "%v", err)
+	}
+
+	resp := &proto.WaitExtendAuthSessionResponse{}
+	if !deadline.IsZero() {
+		resp.SessionExpiresAt = timestamppb.New(deadline)
+	}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// DismissSessionWarning forwards the user's "Dismiss" click on the
+// T-WarningLead notification down to the engine's sessionWatcher so the
+// T-FinalWarningLead fallback is suppressed for the current deadline.
+// Best-effort: when the client/engine is not yet running the call is a
+// successful no-op (the watcher has no deadline to dismiss anyway).
+func (s *Server) DismissSessionWarning(
+	_ context.Context,
+	_ *proto.DismissSessionWarningRequest,
+) (*proto.DismissSessionWarningResponse, error) {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	connectClient := s.connectClient
+	s.mutex.Unlock()
+	if connectClient == nil {
+		return &proto.DismissSessionWarningResponse{}, nil
+	}
+	if engine := connectClient.Engine(); engine != nil {
+		engine.DismissSessionWarning()
+	}
+	return &proto.DismissSessionWarningResponse{}, nil
+}
+
 // ExposeService exposes a local port via the NetBird reverse proxy.
 func (s *Server) ExposeService(req *proto.ExposeServiceRequest, srv proto.DaemonService_ExposeServiceServer) error {
 	s.mutex.Lock()
@@ -1402,14 +2164,7 @@ func (s *Server) ExposeService(req *proto.ExposeServiceRequest, srv proto.Daemon
 	return nil
 }
 
-func isUnixRunningDesktop() bool {
-	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {
-		return false
-	}
-	return os.Getenv("DESKTOP_SESSION") != "" || os.Getenv("XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP") != ""
-}
-
-func (s *Server) runProbes(waitForProbeResult bool) {
+func (s *Server) runProbes(ctx context.Context, waitForProbeResult bool) {
 	if s.connectClient == nil {
 		return
 	}
@@ -1419,15 +2174,7 @@ func (s *Server) runProbes(waitForProbeResult bool) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	if time.Since(s.lastProbe) > probeThreshold {
-		if engine.RunHealthProbes(waitForProbeResult) {
-			s.lastProbe = time.Now()
-		}
-	} else {
-		if err := s.statusRecorder.RefreshWireGuardStats(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("failed to refresh WireGuard stats: %v", err)
-		}
-	}
+	s.probeThrottle.Run(ctx, engine, s.statusRecorder, waitForProbeResult)
 }
 
 // GetConfig of the daemon.
@@ -1439,15 +2186,14 @@ func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, req *proto.GetConfigRequest) (*p
 		return nil, ctx.Err()
 	}
 
-	prof := profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     req.ProfileName,
-		Username: req.Username,
-	}
-
-	cfgPath, err := prof.FilePath()
+	resolved, err := s.resolveProfileHandle(req.ProfileName, req.Username)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile file path: %v", err)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile file path: %w", err)
+		log.Errorf("failed to resolve profile %q: %v", req.ProfileName, err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cfgPath := resolved.Path
+	if cfgPath == "" {
+		cfgPath = profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
 	}
 
 	cfg, err := profilemanager.GetConfig(cfgPath)
@@ -1455,6 +2201,11 @@ func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, req *proto.GetConfigRequest) (*p
 		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile config: %v", err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile config: %w", err)
 	}
+	// Overlay the active MDM policy so the response's MDMManagedFields
+	// list reflects what the GUI / CLI must render as read-only.
+	// profilemanager.GetConfig itself returns a Config without the
+	// overlay (Loader lives outside profilemanager).
+	cfg.ApplyMDMPolicy(s.mdmLoader.Load())
 	managementURL := cfg.ManagementURL
 	adminURL := cfg.AdminURL
 
@@ -1476,6 +2227,7 @@ func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, req *proto.GetConfigRequest) (*p
 	disableDNS := cfg.DisableDNS
 	disableClientRoutes := cfg.DisableClientRoutes
 	disableServerRoutes := cfg.DisableServerRoutes
+	disableIPv6 := cfg.DisableIPv6
 	blockLANAccess := cfg.BlockLANAccess
 
 	enableSSHRoot := false
@@ -1517,15 +2269,16 @@ func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, req *proto.GetConfigRequest) (*p
 		Mtu:                           int64(cfg.MTU),
 		DisableAutoConnect:            cfg.DisableAutoConnect,
 		ServerSSHAllowed:              *cfg.ServerSSHAllowed,
+		RemoteJobsAllowed:             util.ReturnBoolWithDefaultFalse(cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed),
 		RosenpassEnabled:              cfg.RosenpassEnabled,
 		RosenpassPermissive:           cfg.RosenpassPermissive,
-		LazyConnectionEnabled:         cfg.LazyConnectionEnabled,
 		BlockInbound:                  cfg.BlockInbound,
 		DisableNotifications:          disableNotifications,
 		NetworkMonitor:                networkMonitor,
 		DisableDns:                    disableDNS,
 		DisableClientRoutes:           disableClientRoutes,
 		DisableServerRoutes:           disableServerRoutes,
+		DisableIpv6:                   disableIPv6,
 		BlockLanAccess:                blockLANAccess,
 		EnableSSHRoot:                 enableSSHRoot,
 		EnableSSHSFTP:                 enableSSHSFTP,
@@ -1533,6 +2286,7 @@ func (s *Server) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, req *proto.GetConfigRequest) (*p
 		EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding: enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
 		DisableSSHAuth:                disableSSHAuth,
 		SshJWTCacheTTL:                sshJWTCacheTTL,
+		MDMManagedFields:              cfg.Policy().ManagedKeys(),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -1549,12 +2303,43 @@ func (s *Server) AddProfile(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.AddProfileRequest) (
 		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "profile name and username must be provided")
 	}
 
-	if err := s.profileManager.AddProfile(msg.ProfileName, msg.Username); err != nil {
+	created, err := s.profileManager.AddProfile(msg.ProfileName, msg.Username)
+	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to create profile: %v", err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create profile: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return &proto.AddProfileResponse{}, nil
+	s.publishProfileListChanged(msg.ProfileName)
+
+	return &proto.AddProfileResponse{Id: created.ID.String()}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Server) RenameProfile(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.RenameProfileRequest) (*proto.RenameProfileResponse, error) {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if s.checkProfilesDisabled() {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errProfilesDisabled)
+	}
+
+	if msg.Handle == "" || msg.Username == "" || msg.NewProfileName == "" {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "profile name, username and new profile name must be provided")
+	}
+
+	resolved, err := s.resolveProfileHandle(msg.Handle, msg.Username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	err = s.profileManager.RenameProfile(resolved.ID, msg.Username, msg.NewProfileName)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to rename profile: %v", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to rename profile: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.publishProfileListChanged(msg.NewProfileName)
+
+	return &proto.RenameProfileResponse{OldProfileName: resolved.Name}, nil
 }
 
 // RemoveProfile removes a profile from the daemon.
@@ -1562,20 +2347,74 @@ func (s *Server) RemoveProfile(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.RemoveProfileRequ
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
 
-	if err := s.validateProfileOperation(msg.ProfileName, false); err != nil {
+	if s.checkProfilesDisabled() {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.Unavailable, errProfilesDisabled)
+	}
+
+	if msg.ProfileName == "" {
+		return nil, gstatus.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "profile name must be provided")
+	}
+
+	resolved, err := s.resolveProfileHandle(msg.ProfileName, msg.Username)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if err := s.logoutFromProfile(ctx, msg.ProfileName, msg.Username); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to logout from profile %s before removal: %v", msg.ProfileName, err)
+	if err := s.logoutFromProfile(ctx, resolved, msg.Username); err != nil {
+		// Deregistration is best-effort here: the local profile is removed
+		// either way, so an unprivileged caller leaves the peer registered on
+		// the management server rather than being blocked from removing it.
+		log.Warnf("removing profile %s locally without deregistering it: %v", resolved.ID, err)
 	}
 
-	if err := s.profileManager.RemoveProfile(msg.ProfileName, msg.Username); err != nil {
+	if err := s.profileManager.RemoveProfile(resolved.ID, msg.Username); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to remove profile: %v", err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove profile: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return &proto.RemoveProfileResponse{}, nil
+	s.publishProfileListChanged(msg.ProfileName)
+
+	return &proto.RemoveProfileResponse{Id: resolved.ID.String()}, nil
+}
+
+// publishProfileListChanged nudges the desktop UI to refresh its profile list
+// after a CLI-driven add/remove. The daemon exposes no dedicated
+// profile-changed RPC event, and a profile add/remove doesn't move the
+// connection status, so the UI's SubscribeStatus path never fires for it (and
+// the tray's status-string guard would swallow it anyway). Instead we publish
+// a marked INFO/SYSTEM event over SubscribeEvents: the UI's dispatchSystemEvent
+// recognises the metadata "kind" marker and translates it into its internal
+// profile-changed signal that both the tray menu and the React profile views
+// already subscribe to (see proto.MetadataKindProfileListChanged, recognised in
+// client/ui/services/daemon_feed.go). userMessage is intentionally empty so this
+// stays a silent refresh signal rather than a user-facing notification.
+func (s *Server) publishProfileListChanged(profileName string) {
+	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
+		proto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+		"Profile list changed",
+		"",
+		map[string]string{proto.MetadataKindKey: proto.MetadataKindProfileListChanged, proto.MetadataProfileKey: profileName},
+	)
+}
+
+// publishLogLevelChanged signals the desktop UI that the daemon log level
+// changed, so it can attach/detach its rotated gui-client.log. Like
+// publishProfileListChanged, this rides the SubscribeEvents stream as a marked
+// INFO/SYSTEM event (kind "log-level-changed", level the lowercase logrus
+// name); the UI's dispatchSystemEvent recognises the marker and routes it to
+// the logging toggle instead of an OS toast (userMessage is empty so it stays
+// a silent control signal). The "level" value matches log.Level.String()
+// (e.g. "debug", "info") so the UI can parse it directly. See
+// proto.MetadataKindLogLevelChanged, recognised in client/ui/services/daemon_feed.go.
+func (s *Server) publishLogLevelChanged(level string) {
+	s.statusRecorder.PublishEvent(
+		proto.SystemEvent_INFO,
+		proto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM,
+		"Log level changed",
+		"",
+		map[string]string{proto.MetadataKindKey: proto.MetadataKindLogLevelChanged, proto.MetadataLevelKey: level},
+	)
 }
 
 // ListProfiles lists all profiles in the daemon.
@@ -1598,6 +2437,7 @@ func (s *Server) ListProfiles(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.ListProfilesReques
 	}
 	for i, profile := range profiles {
 		response.Profiles[i] = &proto.Profile{
+			Id:       profile.ID.String(),
 			Name:     profile.Name,
 			IsActive: profile.IsActive,
 		}
@@ -1606,7 +2446,9 @@ func (s *Server) ListProfiles(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.ListProfilesReques
 	return response, nil
 }
 
-// GetActiveProfile returns the active profile in the daemon.
+// GetActiveProfile returns the active profile in the daemon. The ProfileName
+// field carries the display name for backwards compatibility with UI clients,
+// new callers should prefer Id.
 func (s *Server) GetActiveProfile(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.GetActiveProfileRequest) (*proto.GetActiveProfileResponse, error) {
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -1617,9 +2459,23 @@ func (s *Server) GetActiveProfile(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.GetActiveProfi
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active profile state: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	// Fallback to legacy name == ID
+	displayName := activeProfile.ID.String()
+	if activeProfile.ID != profilemanager.DefaultProfileName {
+		if profiles, lerr := s.profileManager.ListProfiles(activeProfile.Username); lerr == nil {
+			for _, p := range profiles {
+				if p.ID == activeProfile.ID {
+					displayName = p.Name
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	return &proto.GetActiveProfileResponse{
-		ProfileName: activeProfile.Name,
+		ProfileName: displayName,
 		Username:    activeProfile.Username,
+		Id:          activeProfile.ID.String(),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -1631,12 +2487,34 @@ func (s *Server) GetFeatures(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.GetFeaturesRequest)
 	features := &proto.GetFeaturesResponse{
 		DisableProfiles:       s.checkProfilesDisabled(),
 		DisableUpdateSettings: s.checkUpdateSettingsDisabled(),
-		DisableNetworks:       s.networksDisabled,
+		DisableNetworks:       s.checkNetworksDisabled(),
+		DisableAdvancedView:   s.checkDisableAdvancedView(),
 	}
 
 	return features, nil
 }
 
+// WailsUIReady is a no-op the Wails UI probes at startup; merely answering it
+// (rather than returning Unimplemented) tells the UI this daemon is new enough.
+func (s *Server) WailsUIReady(context.Context, *proto.WailsUIReadyRequest) (*proto.WailsUIReadyResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.WailsUIReadyResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+// checkDisableAdvancedView reports the MDM-policy directive for the
+// upcoming UI's advanced-view section. Tristate: returns nil when no
+// MDM directive is set so the UI applies its own default; returns
+// &true / &false when MDM explicitly enforces. No CLI flag backs
+// this feature — MDM is the sole source.
+func (s *Server) checkDisableAdvancedView() *bool {
+	if s.config == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if v, ok := s.config.Policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableAdvancedView); ok {
+		return &v
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *Server) connect(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config, statusRecorder *peer.Status, runningChan chan struct{}) error {
 	log.Tracef("running client connection")
 	client := internal.NewConnectClient(ctx, config, statusRecorder)
@@ -1653,22 +2531,46 @@ func (s *Server) connect(ctx context.Context, config *profilemanager.Config, sta
 	return nil
 }
 
+// MDM authority: when the platform-native MDM source sets a kill switch
+// key (regardless of true/false value), that value wins. The CLI flag
+// supplied at service install time is the fallback used only when the
+// MDM source is silent on the key. This honors the "MDM decides
+// everything" semantic agreed for NET-1214 — an admin pushing
+// disableX=false via MDM explicitly re-enables the feature even on a
+// box installed with --disable-X.
 func (s *Server) checkProfilesDisabled() bool {
-	// Check if the environment variable is set to disable profiles
-	if s.profilesDisabled {
-		return true
+	if s.config != nil {
+		if v, ok := s.config.Policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableProfiles); ok {
+			return v
+		}
 	}
+	return s.profilesDisabled
+}
 
-	return false
+// checkNetworksDisabled reports whether the networks/exit-node feature
+// is disabled on this daemon instance. Resolved MDM-first: when the
+// active policy declares mdm.KeyDisableNetworks the policy value wins
+// (regardless of true/false), so an admin can re-enable the feature
+// via MDM even on a host that was installed with --disable-networks.
+// Falls back to the s.networksDisabled CLI flag when the policy is
+// silent on the key. Mirrors checkProfilesDisabled and
+// checkUpdateSettingsDisabled.
+func (s *Server) checkNetworksDisabled() bool {
+	if s.config != nil {
+		if v, ok := s.config.Policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableNetworks); ok {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return s.networksDisabled
 }
 
 func (s *Server) checkUpdateSettingsDisabled() bool {
-	// Check if the environment variable is set to disable profiles
-	if s.updateSettingsDisabled {
-		return true
+	if s.config != nil {
+		if v, ok := s.config.Policy().GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableUpdateSettings); ok {
+			return v
+		}
 	}
-
-	return false
+	return s.updateSettingsDisabled
 }
 
 func (s *Server) startUpdateManagerForGUI() {
@@ -1756,3 +2658,117 @@ func sendTerminalNotification() error {
 
 	return wallCmd.Wait()
 }
+
+// persistLoginOverrides writes management URL and pre-shared key from a LoginRequest to the
+// active profile config so that subsequent reads pick them up. Empty/nil values are ignored.
+// afterLoginPreCheck is a seam for tests to run a concurrent config change
+// between Login's first privilege check and the authoritative one.
+var afterLoginPreCheck func()
+
+// authorizeAndPrepareLogin makes the authoritative privilege decision for a login
+// and, when it passes, carries out every state change that decision authorizes:
+// cancelling an login already in progress, switching to the requested profile, and
+// persisting the config overrides the request carries.
+//
+// All of it happens under guardedConfigMu, which SetConfig also holds across its
+// own check and write. Login's earlier check refuses the ordinary case before any
+// of this is reached; this one exists because that check is not synchronized
+// against a concurrent privileged request that enables the SSH server, and a
+// caller refused here must not have cancelled or switched anything either.
+func (s *Server) authorizeAndPrepareLogin(callerCtx context.Context, msg *proto.LoginRequest, activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState) (context.Context, *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState, error) {
+	if afterLoginPreCheck != nil {
+		afterLoginPreCheck()
+	}
+
+	s.guardedConfigMu.Lock()
+	defer s.guardedConfigMu.Unlock()
+
+	stored, err := s.storedLoginConfig(activeProf, msg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if err := requirePrivilegeForConfigChange(callerCtx, stored, privilegedChangeFromLogin(msg)); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	if s.actCancel != nil {
+		s.actCancel()
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(callerCtx)
+	if md, ok := metadata.FromIncomingContext(callerCtx); ok {
+		ctx = metadata.NewOutgoingContext(ctx, md)
+	}
+	s.actCancel = cancel
+	s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if err := RestoreResidualState(s.rootCtx, s.profileManager.GetStatePath()); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf(errRestoreResidualState, err)
+	}
+
+	if msg.ProfileName != nil {
+		if _, err := s.switchProfileIfNeeded(*msg.ProfileName, msg.Username, activeProf); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("switch profile: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	activeProf, err = s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("active profile state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := persistLoginOverrides(activeProf, msg.ManagementUrl, msg.OptionalPreSharedKey); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("persist login overrides: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return ctx, activeProf, nil
+}
+
+func persistLoginOverrides(activeProf *profilemanager.ActiveProfileState, managementURL string, preSharedKey *string) error {
+	if preSharedKey != nil && *preSharedKey == "" {
+		preSharedKey = nil
+	}
+	if managementURL == "" && preSharedKey == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cfgPath, err := activeProf.FilePath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("active profile file path: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	input := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    cfgPath,
+		ManagementURL: managementURL,
+		PreSharedKey:  preSharedKey,
+	}
+	if _, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(input); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// logoutPeerGone reports whether a management Logout failed because the peer
+// no longer exists server-side (gRPC NotFound), walking the wrap chain since
+// the client wraps the gRPC status with fmt.Errorf.
+func logoutPeerGone(err error) bool {
+	for e := err; e != nil; e = errors.Unwrap(e) {
+		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(e); ok && s.Code() == codes.NotFound {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// innermostStatus walks the wrap chain and returns the deepest gRPC status,
+// or nil when none is present. gstatus.FromError does not unwrap, so a status
+// wrapped with fmt.Errorf %w would otherwise be missed.
+func innermostStatus(err error) *gstatus.Status {
+	var found *gstatus.Status
+	for e := err; e != nil; e = errors.Unwrap(e) {
+		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(e); ok {
+			found = s
+		}
+	}
+	return found
+}
diff --git a/client/server/server_connect_test.go b/client/server/server_connect_test.go
index faea7da39..dc191a44f 100644
--- a/client/server/server_connect_test.go
+++ b/client/server/server_connect_test.go
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ func newTestServer() *Server {
 	return &Server{
 		rootCtx:        context.Background(),
 		statusRecorder: peer.NewRecorder(""),
+		// New always populates the SSH JWT cache and the logout and
+		// profile-switch paths call into it unconditionally, so a Server
+		// assembled field by field has to populate it too.
+		jwtCache: newJWTCache(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -101,6 +105,7 @@ func TestCleanupConnection_ClearsConnectClient(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	assert.Nil(t, s.connectClient, "connectClient should be nil after cleanup")
+	assert.False(t, s.clientRunning, "clientRunning should be cleared after cleanup (intent = down)")
 }
 
 // TestCleanState_NilConnectClient validates that CleanState doesn't panic
@@ -144,17 +149,20 @@ func TestDownThenUp_StaleRunningChan(t *testing.T) {
 	_, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	s.actCancel = cancel
 
-	// Simulate Down(): cleanupConnection sets connectClient = nil
+	// Simulate Down(): cleanupConnection sets connectClient = nil and
+	// flips clientRunning to false (intent = down). The connectionGoroutineRunning state
+	// remains independent of intent — derived from clientGiveUpChan.
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	err := s.cleanupConnection()
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	// After cleanup: connectClient is nil, clientRunning still true
-	// (goroutine hasn't exited yet)
+	// After cleanup: connectClient is nil, clientRunning is false (intent
+	// cleared by cleanupConnection), connectionGoroutineRunning may still be true
+	// (goroutine teardown is independent of the intent flag).
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	assert.Nil(t, s.connectClient, "connectClient should be nil after cleanup")
-	assert.True(t, s.clientRunning, "clientRunning still true until goroutine exits")
+	assert.False(t, s.clientRunning, "clientRunning should be cleared by cleanupConnection (intent = down)")
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	// waitForUp() returns immediately due to stale closed clientRunningChan
diff --git a/client/server/server_jwt_test.go b/client/server/server_jwt_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fec5598a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/server_jwt_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/localmetrics"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// These cover the RPC side of the cache: the cache itself is exercised in
+// jwt_cache_test.go, but a correct cache buys nothing if the handlers around it
+// consult the wrong identity or forget to clear it.
+
+func TestCachedJWT_ServesTheOwner(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestServer()
+	owner := unprivilegedIdentity()
+	s.jwtCache.store("token", owner, testTTL, s.jwtCache.currentGeneration())
+
+	got, found := s.cachedJWT(ctxWithIdentity(owner))
+
+	require.True(t, found, "the identity that obtained the token must get it back")
+	assert.Equal(t, "token", got)
+}
+
+func TestCachedJWT_RefusesAnotherCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestServer()
+	s.jwtCache.store("token", unprivilegedIdentity(), testTTL, s.jwtCache.currentGeneration())
+
+	got, found := s.cachedJWT(ctxWithIdentity(privilegedIdentity()))
+
+	assert.False(t, found, "a caller that did not obtain the token must get a miss")
+	assert.Empty(t, got)
+}
+
+// A control channel that carries no caller identity — a TCP daemon socket, or a
+// platform with no peer-credential primitive — cannot tell one local user from
+// another, so cachedJWT must fail closed there.
+func TestCachedJWT_WithoutCallerIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestServer()
+	s.jwtCache.store("token", unprivilegedIdentity(), testTTL, s.jwtCache.currentGeneration())
+
+	got, found := s.cachedJWT(context.Background())
+
+	assert.False(t, found)
+	assert.Empty(t, got)
+}
+
+// profileFixture points the profile globals at a temp dir holding a single
+// default profile, which is the one ActiveProfileState.FilePath resolves
+// without consulting the current OS user.
+func profileFixture(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	defaultConfig := filepath.Join(dir, "default.json")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(defaultConfig, []byte("{}"), 0o600))
+
+	origDir := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir
+	origDefault := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
+	origState := profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath
+	origOverride := profilemanager.ConfigDirOverride
+
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = dir
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = defaultConfig
+	profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = filepath.Join(dir, "active_profile.json")
+	profilemanager.ConfigDirOverride = dir
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = origDir
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = origDefault
+		profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = origState
+		profilemanager.ConfigDirOverride = origOverride
+	})
+
+	return defaultConfig
+}
+
+// A profile carries its own NetBird account, so a token obtained under the
+// previous one must not survive the switch even for the local user who
+// obtained it.
+func TestSwitchProfile_ClearsJWTCache(t *testing.T) {
+	defaultConfig := profileFixture(t)
+
+	// localmetrics.NewManager runs until its context is done, so the manager
+	// must not outlive the test.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	s := newTestServer()
+	s.profileManager = profilemanager.NewServiceManager(defaultConfig)
+	s.localMetrics = localmetrics.NewManager(ctx, s.statusRecorder, nil)
+
+	// A second profile to move to, so the request goes through
+	// switchProfileIfNeeded rather than the no-op path a nil request takes.
+	const target = "second"
+	username := "tester"
+	_, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    filepath.Join(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir, target+".json"),
+		ManagementURL: "https://api.netbird.io:443",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	owner := unprivilegedIdentity()
+	s.jwtCache.store("token", owner, testTTL, s.jwtCache.currentGeneration())
+
+	name := target
+	_, err = s.SwitchProfile(ctx, &proto.SwitchProfileRequest{ProfileName: &name, Username: &username})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	active, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfileState()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, profilemanager.ID(target), active.ID, "the profile must actually have changed")
+
+	_, found := s.jwtCache.get(owner)
+	assert.False(t, found, "switching profile must drop the cached SSH JWT")
+}
+
+// Down ends the connection, not the session: the peer stays enrolled and the
+// token still belongs to the same NetBird identity, so `down` followed by `up`
+// must not cost the owner a fresh device-code flow.
+//
+// The logout handlers do call cleanupConnection, and SwitchProfile does not;
+// what they have in common is that each clears the cache itself, right after,
+// so tearing the connection down is no longer what decides the token's fate.
+func TestCleanupConnection_KeepsJWTCache(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestServer()
+	_, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	s.actCancel = cancel
+
+	owner := unprivilegedIdentity()
+	s.jwtCache.store("token", owner, testTTL, s.jwtCache.currentGeneration())
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.cleanupConnection())
+
+	got, found := s.jwtCache.get(owner)
+	require.True(t, found, "going down must not drop the cached SSH JWT")
+	assert.Equal(t, "token", got)
+}
+
+// fakeOAuthFlow stands in for the IdP round trip so a test can drive
+// WaitJWTToken without a real device-code flow.
+type fakeOAuthFlow struct {
+	token string
+}
+
+func (f *fakeOAuthFlow) RequestAuthInfo(context.Context) (auth.AuthFlowInfo, error) {
+	return auth.AuthFlowInfo{DeviceCode: "device-code"}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeOAuthFlow) WaitToken(context.Context, auth.AuthFlowInfo) (auth.TokenInfo, error) {
+	return auth.TokenInfo{AccessToken: f.token}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeOAuthFlow) GetClientID(context.Context) string { return "client-id" }
+
+// The flow outlives a profile switch, because SwitchProfile does not reset
+// s.oauthAuthFlow. A switch between RequestJWTAuth and the IdP answering must
+// still keep the token out of the cache the new profile uses, and the
+// generation the flow carries is what decides it: reading the cache's own
+// generation at store time would already be the new one.
+func TestWaitJWTToken_DropsTokenFromASessionThatEndedBeforeTheWait(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestServer()
+	owner := unprivilegedIdentity()
+	ttl := int(testTTL.Seconds())
+	s.config = &profilemanager.Config{SSHJWTCacheTTL: &ttl}
+
+	// RequestJWTAuth ran under the previous session and recorded its generation.
+	s.oauthAuthFlow.flow = &fakeOAuthFlow{token: "token-from-the-old-session"}
+	s.oauthAuthFlow.info = auth.AuthFlowInfo{DeviceCode: "device-code"}
+	s.oauthAuthFlow.cacheGeneration = s.jwtCache.currentGeneration()
+
+	// A profile switch or a logout lands before the caller reaches WaitJWTToken.
+	s.jwtCache.clear()
+
+	_, err := s.WaitJWTToken(ctxWithIdentity(owner), &proto.WaitJWTTokenRequest{DeviceCode: "device-code"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, found := s.jwtCache.get(owner)
+	assert.False(t, found, "a token whose flow started under the previous session must not be cached")
+}
diff --git a/client/server/server_privileged_test.go b/client/server/server_privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30fe1ab1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/server_privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
+	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
+	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
+	signalServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
+)
+
+var (
+	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
+		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
+		PermitWithoutStream: true,
+	}
+
+	kasp = keepalive.ServerParameters{
+		MaxConnectionIdle:     15 * time.Second,
+		MaxConnectionAgeGrace: 5 * time.Second,
+		Time:                  5 * time.Second,
+		Timeout:               2 * time.Second,
+	}
+)
+
+// TestConnectStopsRetryOnPermissionDenied verifies connectWithRetryRuns stops after a single login
+// attempt on PermissionDenied, despite the fast retry config that would otherwise drive several.
+func TestConnectStopsRetryOnPermissionDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	// Redirect profile paths to a temp dir so the test does not need root.
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+	origDefaultProfileDir := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir
+	origActiveProfileStatePath := profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath
+	origDefaultConfigPath := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
+	profilemanager.ConfigDirOverride = tempDir
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = tempDir
+	profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = filepath.Join(tempDir, "active_profile.json")
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = filepath.Join(tempDir, "default.json")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = origDefaultProfileDir
+		profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = origActiveProfileStatePath
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = origDefaultConfigPath
+		profilemanager.ConfigDirOverride = ""
+	})
+
+	// start the signal server
+	_, signalAddr, err := startSignal(t)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to start signal server: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	counter := 0
+	// start the management server
+	_, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(t, signalAddr, &counter)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to start management server: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx := internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, time.Now().Add(30*time.Second))
+	defer cancel()
+	// create new server
+	ic := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ManagementURL: "http://" + mgmtAddr,
+		ConfigPath:    t.TempDir() + "/test-profile.json",
+	}
+
+	config, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(ic)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to create config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	currUser, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
+	err = pm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
+		ID:       "test-profile",
+		Username: currUser.Username,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	s := New(ctx, "debug", "", false, false, false, false)
+
+	s.config = config
+
+	s.statusRecorder = peer.NewRecorder(config.ManagementURL.String())
+	t.Setenv(retryInitialIntervalVar, "1s")
+	t.Setenv(maxRetryIntervalVar, "2s")
+	t.Setenv(maxRetryTimeVar, "5s")
+	t.Setenv(retryMultiplierVar, "1")
+
+	s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, nil, nil)
+	if counter != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected exactly 1 login attempt (PermissionDenied must stop the retry loop), got %d", counter)
+	}
+}
+
+type mockServer struct {
+	mgmtProto.ManagementServiceServer
+	counter *int
+}
+
+func (m *mockServer) Login(ctx context.Context, req *mgmtProto.EncryptedMessage) (*mgmtProto.EncryptedMessage, error) {
+	*m.counter++
+	return m.ManagementServiceServer.Login(ctx, req)
+}
+
+func startManagement(t *testing.T, signalAddr string, counter *int) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dataDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	config := &config.Config{
+		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
+		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
+		Signal: &config.Host{
+			Proto: "http",
+			URI:   signalAddr,
+		},
+		Datadir:    dataDir,
+		HttpConfig: nil,
+	}
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
+	store, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", config.Datadir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
+
+	permissionsManagerMock := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	peersManager := peers.NewManager(store)
+	settingsManagerMock := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+
+	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
+
+	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
+
+	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
+
+	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), store)
+	peersUpdateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), store, metrics, peersUpdateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), config, nil)
+	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock, false, cacheStore)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(peersUpdateManager, config.TURNConfig, config.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	mock := &mockServer{
+		ManagementServiceServer: mgmtServer,
+		counter:                 counter,
+	}
+	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mock)
+	go func() {
+		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
+}
+
+func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	srv, err := signalServer.NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/server/server_test.go b/client/server/server_test.go
index 6627ba875..7717cfcf8 100644
--- a/client/server/server_test.go
+++ b/client/server/server_test.go
@@ -2,125 +2,22 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/url"
 	"os/user"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
-	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
-
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	daemonProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
-	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
-	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
-	signalServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
 )
 
-var (
-	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
-		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
-		PermitWithoutStream: true,
-	}
-
-	kasp = keepalive.ServerParameters{
-		MaxConnectionIdle:     15 * time.Second,
-		MaxConnectionAgeGrace: 5 * time.Second,
-		Time:                  5 * time.Second,
-		Timeout:               2 * time.Second,
-	}
-)
-
-// TestConnectWithRetryRuns checks that the connectWithRetry function runs and runs the retries according to the times specified via environment variables
-// we will use a management server started via to simulate the server and capture the number of retries
-func TestConnectWithRetryRuns(t *testing.T) {
-	// start the signal server
-	_, signalAddr, err := startSignal(t)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to start signal server: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	counter := 0
-	// start the management server
-	_, mgmtAddr, err := startManagement(t, signalAddr, &counter)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to start management server: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	ctx := internal.CtxInitState(context.Background())
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, time.Now().Add(30*time.Second))
-	defer cancel()
-	// create new server
-	ic := profilemanager.ConfigInput{
-		ManagementURL: "http://" + mgmtAddr,
-		ConfigPath:    t.TempDir() + "/test-profile.json",
-	}
-
-	config, err := profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(ic)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to create config: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	pm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
-	err = pm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     "test-profile",
-		Username: currUser.Username,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	s := New(ctx, "debug", "", false, false, false)
-
-	s.config = config
-
-	s.statusRecorder = peer.NewRecorder(config.ManagementURL.String())
-	t.Setenv(retryInitialIntervalVar, "1s")
-	t.Setenv(maxRetryIntervalVar, "2s")
-	t.Setenv(maxRetryTimeVar, "5s")
-	t.Setenv(retryMultiplierVar, "1")
-
-	s.connectWithRetryRuns(ctx, config, s.statusRecorder, nil, nil)
-	if counter < 3 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected counter > 2, got %d", counter)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestServer_Up(t *testing.T) {
 	tempDir := t.TempDir()
 	origDefaultProfileDir := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir
@@ -159,14 +56,14 @@ func TestServer_Up(t *testing.T) {
 
 	pm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
 	err = pm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     profName,
+		ID:       profilemanager.ID(profName),
 		Username: currUser.Username,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	s := New(ctx, "console", "", false, false, false)
+	s := New(ctx, "console", "", false, false, false, false)
 	err = s.Start()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -229,14 +126,14 @@ func TestServer_SubcribeEvents(t *testing.T) {
 
 	pm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
 	err = pm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     "default",
+		ID:       "default",
 		Username: currUser.Username,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to set active profile state: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	s := New(ctx, "console", "", false, false, false)
+	s := New(ctx, "console", "", false, false, false, false)
 
 	err = s.Start()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -260,119 +157,3 @@ func TestServer_SubcribeEvents(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }
-
-type mockServer struct {
-	mgmtProto.ManagementServiceServer
-	counter *int
-}
-
-func (m *mockServer) Login(ctx context.Context, req *mgmtProto.EncryptedMessage) (*mgmtProto.EncryptedMessage, error) {
-	*m.counter++
-	return m.ManagementServiceServer.Login(ctx, req)
-}
-
-func startManagement(t *testing.T, signalAddr string, counter *int) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
-	t.Helper()
-	dataDir := t.TempDir()
-
-	config := &config.Config{
-		Stuns:      []*config.Host{},
-		TURNConfig: &config.TURNConfig{},
-		Signal: &config.Host{
-			Proto: "http",
-			URI:   signalAddr,
-		},
-		Datadir:    dataDir,
-		HttpConfig: nil,
-	}
-
-	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
-	store, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", config.Datadir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
-
-	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
-	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
-
-	permissionsManagerMock := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	peersManager := peers.NewManager(store)
-	settingsManagerMock := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-
-	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
-
-	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	ia, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(context.Background(), peersManager, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
-
-	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	settingsMockManager := settings.NewMockManager(ctrl)
-	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
-
-	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(context.Background(), store)
-	peersUpdateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(context.Background(), store, metrics, peersUpdateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), config)
-	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock, false, cacheStore)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-
-	secretsManager, err := nbgrpc.NewTimeBasedAuthSecretsManager(peersUpdateManager, config.TURNConfig, config.Relay, settingsMockManager, groupsManager)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, &server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", err
-	}
-	mock := &mockServer{
-		ManagementServiceServer: mgmtServer,
-		counter:                 counter,
-	}
-	mgmtProto.RegisterManagementServiceServer(s, mock)
-	go func() {
-		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
-}
-
-func startSignal(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, string, error) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	s := grpc.NewServer(grpc.KeepaliveEnforcementPolicy(kaep), grpc.KeepaliveParams(kasp))
-
-	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	srv, err := signalServer.NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
-
-	go func() {
-		if err = s.Serve(lis); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to serve: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return s, lis.Addr().String(), nil
-}
diff --git a/client/server/setconfig_mdm_test.go b/client/server/setconfig_mdm_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a392af6d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/setconfig_mdm_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// fakeMDMFetcher implements mdm.PolicyFetcher returning a pre-set
+// policy map. Tests build one per Server instance to inject a
+// scripted MDM overlay via a Loader rather than via package-level state.
+type fakeMDMFetcher struct{ values map[string]any }
+
+func (f *fakeMDMFetcher) Fetch() map[string]any { return f.values }
+
+// withMDMPolicy installs an mdm.Loader on the given Server whose
+// loadPlatform returns the supplied Policy's underlying values. Use
+// after setupServerWithProfile to inject the scripted policy the
+// SetConfig / Login MDM gates will observe.
+func withMDMPolicy(t *testing.T, s *Server, policy *mdm.Policy) {
+	t.Helper()
+	values := map[string]any{}
+	if policy != nil {
+		for _, k := range policy.ManagedKeys() {
+			if v, ok := policy.GetString(k); ok {
+				values[k] = v
+				continue
+			}
+			if v, ok := policy.GetInt(k); ok {
+				values[k] = v
+				continue
+			}
+			if v, ok := policy.GetBool(k); ok {
+				values[k] = v
+				continue
+			}
+			if v, ok := policy.GetStringSlice(k); ok {
+				values[k] = v
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	s.mdmLoader = mdm.NewLoader(&fakeMDMFetcher{values: values})
+}
+
+// setupServerWithProfile mirrors the boilerplate of TestSetConfig_AllFieldsSaved:
+// overrides profilemanager paths to a temp dir, seeds a profile, sets it
+// active, and constructs a Server instance. Returns the constructed server
+// plus context + profile name + username + cfgPath for the seeded profile.
+func setupServerWithProfile(t *testing.T) (s *Server, ctx context.Context, profName, username, cfgPath string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	tempDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	origDefaultProfileDir := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir
+	origDefaultConfigPath := profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath
+	origActiveProfileStatePath := profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath
+	profilemanager.ConfigDirOverride = tempDir
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = tempDir
+	profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = tempDir + "/active_profile.json"
+	profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = filepath.Join(tempDir, "default.json")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir = origDefaultProfileDir
+		profilemanager.ActiveProfileStatePath = origActiveProfileStatePath
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath = origDefaultConfigPath
+		profilemanager.ConfigDirOverride = ""
+	})
+
+	currUser, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	profName = "test-profile-mdm"
+	cfgPath = filepath.Join(tempDir, profName+".json")
+
+	_, err = profilemanager.UpdateOrCreateConfig(profilemanager.ConfigInput{
+		ConfigPath:    cfgPath,
+		ManagementURL: "https://api.netbird.io:443",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
+	require.NoError(t, pm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
+		ID:       profilemanager.ID(profName),
+		Username: currUser.Username,
+	}))
+
+	// The privileged-change gate reads the caller's kernel identity from the
+	// context, which a real caller gets from the daemon's transport credentials.
+	// This test drives the handler directly, so it stands in for a root caller;
+	// without an identity the gate would (correctly) refuse the SSH fields.
+	ctx = privilegedTestCtx()
+	s = New(ctx, "console", "", false, false, false, false)
+	return s, ctx, profName, currUser.Username, cfgPath
+}
+
+// extractViolation pulls the MDMManagedFieldsViolation detail from a
+// FailedPrecondition error. Fails the test if absent or malformed.
+func extractViolation(t *testing.T, err error) *proto.MDMManagedFieldsViolation {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := gstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok, "error must be a gRPC status: %v", err)
+	require.Equal(t, codes.FailedPrecondition, st.Code(), "expected FailedPrecondition, got %s", st.Code())
+	for _, d := range st.Details() {
+		if v, ok := d.(*proto.MDMManagedFieldsViolation); ok {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("MDMManagedFieldsViolation detail not found on status; details: %v", st.Details())
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_SingleField(t *testing.T) {
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443",
+	}))
+
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:   profName,
+		Username:      username,
+		ManagementUrl: "https://user.tried.this.com:443",
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{mdm.KeyManagementURL}, v.GetFields())
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_MultipleFields(t *testing.T) {
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL:    "https://mdm.example.com:443",
+		mdm.KeyBlockInbound:     true,
+		mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled: true,
+	}))
+
+	blockInbound := false
+	rosenpassEnabled := false
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:      profName,
+		Username:         username,
+		ManagementUrl:    "https://user.tried.this.com:443",
+		BlockInbound:     &blockInbound,
+		RosenpassEnabled: &rosenpassEnabled,
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL,
+		mdm.KeyBlockInbound,
+		mdm.KeyRosenpassEnabled,
+	}, v.GetFields())
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_LocalMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics:  true,
+		mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress: "127.0.0.1:9191",
+	}))
+
+	enabled := false
+	addr := "0.0.0.0:9999"
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:         profName,
+		Username:            username,
+		EnableLocalMetrics:  &enabled,
+		LocalMetricsAddress: &addr,
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{
+		mdm.KeyEnableLocalMetrics,
+		mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress,
+	}, v.GetFields())
+}
+
+// An explicitly empty address still changes the effective listen address
+// (the manager falls back to the default), so presence must be honored
+// rather than collapsed to "field not set".
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_LocalMetricsEmptyAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress: "127.0.0.1:9999",
+	}))
+
+	addr := ""
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:         profName,
+		Username:            username,
+		LocalMetricsAddress: &addr,
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{mdm.KeyLocalMetricsAddress}, v.GetFields())
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_EmptyPreSharedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: "mdm-enforced-psk",
+	}))
+
+	psk := ""
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:          profName,
+		Username:             username,
+		OptionalPreSharedKey: &psk,
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}, v.GetFields())
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMAllow_PreSharedKeySentinelEcho(t *testing.T) {
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: "mdm-enforced-psk",
+	}))
+
+	psk := mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel
+	resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:          profName,
+		Username:             username,
+		OptionalPreSharedKey: &psk,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp)
+}
+
+func TestLoginRequestMDMConflicts_PreSharedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyPreSharedKey: "mdm-enforced-psk",
+	})
+	empty := ""
+	sentinel := mdm.PreSharedKeyRedactedSentinel
+	same := "mdm-enforced-psk"
+	other := "user-psk"
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		msg  *proto.LoginRequest
+		want []string
+	}{
+		{name: "unset", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{}, want: nil},
+		{name: "optional empty", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{OptionalPreSharedKey: &empty}, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}},
+		{name: "optional sentinel echo", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{OptionalPreSharedKey: &sentinel}, want: nil},
+		{name: "optional same value", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{OptionalPreSharedKey: &same}, want: nil},
+		{name: "optional divergent", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{OptionalPreSharedKey: &other}, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}},
+		{name: "legacy empty is unset", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{PreSharedKey: ""}, want: nil},                         //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+		{name: "legacy sentinel echo", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{PreSharedKey: sentinel}, want: nil},                    //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+		{name: "legacy divergent", msg: &proto.LoginRequest{PreSharedKey: other}, want: []string{mdm.KeyPreSharedKey}}, //nolint:staticcheck // SA1019: legacy proto field still accepted by Login
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, loginRequestMDMConflicts(tc.msg, policy))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMReject_AllOrNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	// MDM enforces ManagementURL only; user request touches both the
+	// enforced field AND a non-enforced field (RosenpassEnabled).
+	// The whole request must be rejected — non-conflicting fields are not
+	// applied either.
+	s, ctx, profName, username, cfgPath := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443",
+	}))
+
+	rosenpassEnabled := true
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:      profName,
+		Username:         username,
+		ManagementUrl:    "https://user.tried.this.com:443",
+		RosenpassEnabled: &rosenpassEnabled,
+	})
+
+	v := extractViolation(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{mdm.KeyManagementURL}, v.GetFields())
+
+	// Confirm RosenpassEnabled was NOT applied even though it was not
+	// in the conflict list: the request was rejected as a whole.
+	reloaded, err := profilemanager.GetConfig(cfgPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, reloaded.RosenpassEnabled, "non-conflicting field must not be applied when request is rejected")
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMAllow_NonManagedFields(t *testing.T) {
+	// MDM enforces ManagementURL but the user only writes RosenpassEnabled.
+	// Request must succeed.
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+		mdm.KeyManagementURL: "https://mdm.example.com:443",
+	}))
+
+	rosenpassEnabled := true
+	resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:      profName,
+		Username:         username,
+		RosenpassEnabled: &rosenpassEnabled,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp)
+}
+
+// TestSetConfig_MDMAllow_ManagementURLPortNormalized covers the
+// regression from discussion #6483: MDM URL without explicit port vs
+// UI echo with the parseURL-appended default port must be treated as
+// a no-op echo, not a conflict.
+func TestSetConfig_MDMAllow_ManagementURLPortNormalized(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		mdmURL    string
+		submitURL string
+	}{
+		{"policy_no_port_submit_with_443", "https://netbird.corp.example", "https://netbird.corp.example:443"},
+		{"policy_with_443_submit_no_port", "https://netbird.corp.example:443", "https://netbird.corp.example"},
+		{"http_policy_no_port_submit_with_80", "http://netbird.corp.example", "http://netbird.corp.example:80"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+			withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(map[string]any{
+				mdm.KeyManagementURL: tc.mdmURL,
+			}))
+
+			rosenpassEnabled := true
+			resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+				ProfileName:      profName,
+				Username:         username,
+				ManagementUrl:    tc.submitURL,
+				RosenpassEnabled: &rosenpassEnabled,
+			})
+
+			require.NoError(t, err, "port-normalized URL echo must not trip MDM conflict gate")
+			require.NotNil(t, resp)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetConfig_MDMEmpty_NoEnforcement(t *testing.T) {
+	// No MDM policy active: any field can be written.
+	s, ctx, profName, username, _ := setupServerWithProfile(t)
+	withMDMPolicy(t, s, mdm.NewPolicy(nil))
+
+	resp, err := s.SetConfig(ctx, &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:   profName,
+		Username:      username,
+		ManagementUrl: "https://user.changed.url.com:443",
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp)
+}
diff --git a/client/server/setconfig_test.go b/client/server/setconfig_test.go
index 7f6847c43..7442b718e 100644
--- a/client/server/setconfig_test.go
+++ b/client/server/setconfig_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"os/user"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
@@ -47,17 +46,22 @@ func TestSetConfig_AllFieldsSaved(t *testing.T) {
 
 	pm := profilemanager.ServiceManager{}
 	err = pm.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     profName,
+		ID:       profilemanager.ID(profName),
 		Username: currUser.Username,
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	s := New(ctx, "console", "", false, false, false)
+	// The privileged-change gate reads the caller's kernel identity from the
+	// context, which a real caller gets from the daemon's transport credentials.
+	// This test drives the handler directly, so it stands in for a root caller;
+	// without an identity the gate would (correctly) refuse the SSH fields.
+	ctx := privilegedTestCtx()
+	s := New(ctx, "console", "", false, false, false, false)
 
 	rosenpassEnabled := true
 	rosenpassPermissive := true
 	serverSSHAllowed := true
+	remoteJobsAllowed := true
 	interfaceName := "utun100"
 	wireguardPort := int64(51820)
 	preSharedKey := "test-psk"
@@ -69,48 +73,53 @@ func TestSetConfig_AllFieldsSaved(t *testing.T) {
 	disableFirewall := true
 	blockLANAccess := true
 	disableNotifications := true
-	lazyConnectionEnabled := true
 	blockInbound := true
+	disableIPv6 := true
 	mtu := int64(1280)
 	sshJWTCacheTTL := int32(300)
+	enableLocalMetrics := true
+	localMetricsAddress := "127.0.0.1:9292"
 
 	req := &proto.SetConfigRequest{
-		ProfileName:           profName,
-		Username:              currUser.Username,
-		ManagementUrl:         "https://new-api.netbird.io:443",
-		AdminURL:              "https://new-admin.netbird.io",
-		RosenpassEnabled:      &rosenpassEnabled,
-		RosenpassPermissive:   &rosenpassPermissive,
-		ServerSSHAllowed:      &serverSSHAllowed,
-		InterfaceName:         &interfaceName,
-		WireguardPort:         &wireguardPort,
-		OptionalPreSharedKey:  &preSharedKey,
-		DisableAutoConnect:    &disableAutoConnect,
-		NetworkMonitor:        &networkMonitor,
-		DisableClientRoutes:   &disableClientRoutes,
-		DisableServerRoutes:   &disableServerRoutes,
-		DisableDns:            &disableDNS,
-		DisableFirewall:       &disableFirewall,
-		BlockLanAccess:        &blockLANAccess,
-		DisableNotifications:  &disableNotifications,
-		LazyConnectionEnabled: &lazyConnectionEnabled,
-		BlockInbound:          &blockInbound,
-		NatExternalIPs:        []string{"1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8"},
-		CleanNATExternalIPs:   false,
-		CustomDNSAddress:      []byte("1.1.1.1:53"),
-		ExtraIFaceBlacklist:   []string{"eth1", "eth2"},
-		DnsLabels:             []string{"label1", "label2"},
-		CleanDNSLabels:        false,
-		DnsRouteInterval:      durationpb.New(2 * time.Minute),
-		Mtu:                   &mtu,
-		SshJWTCacheTTL:        &sshJWTCacheTTL,
+		ProfileName:          profName,
+		Username:             currUser.Username,
+		ManagementUrl:        "https://new-api.netbird.io:443",
+		AdminURL:             "https://new-admin.netbird.io",
+		RosenpassEnabled:     &rosenpassEnabled,
+		RosenpassPermissive:  &rosenpassPermissive,
+		ServerSSHAllowed:     &serverSSHAllowed,
+		RemoteJobsAllowed:    &remoteJobsAllowed,
+		InterfaceName:        &interfaceName,
+		WireguardPort:        &wireguardPort,
+		OptionalPreSharedKey: &preSharedKey,
+		DisableAutoConnect:   &disableAutoConnect,
+		NetworkMonitor:       &networkMonitor,
+		DisableClientRoutes:  &disableClientRoutes,
+		DisableServerRoutes:  &disableServerRoutes,
+		DisableDns:           &disableDNS,
+		DisableFirewall:      &disableFirewall,
+		BlockLanAccess:       &blockLANAccess,
+		DisableNotifications: &disableNotifications,
+		BlockInbound:         &blockInbound,
+		DisableIpv6:          &disableIPv6,
+		NatExternalIPs:       []string{"1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8"},
+		CleanNATExternalIPs:  false,
+		CustomDNSAddress:     []byte("1.1.1.1:53"),
+		ExtraIFaceBlacklist:  []string{"eth1", "eth2"},
+		DnsLabels:            []string{"label1", "label2"},
+		CleanDNSLabels:       false,
+		DnsRouteInterval:     durationpb.New(2 * time.Minute),
+		Mtu:                  &mtu,
+		SshJWTCacheTTL:       &sshJWTCacheTTL,
+		EnableLocalMetrics:   &enableLocalMetrics,
+		LocalMetricsAddress:  &localMetricsAddress,
 	}
 
 	_, err = s.SetConfig(ctx, req)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	profState := profilemanager.ActiveProfileState{
-		Name:     profName,
+		ID:       profilemanager.ID(profName),
 		Username: currUser.Username,
 	}
 	cfgPath, err := profState.FilePath()
@@ -125,6 +134,8 @@ func TestSetConfig_AllFieldsSaved(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, rosenpassPermissive, cfg.RosenpassPermissive)
 	require.NotNil(t, cfg.ServerSSHAllowed)
 	require.Equal(t, serverSSHAllowed, *cfg.ServerSSHAllowed)
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed)
+	require.Equal(t, remoteJobsAllowed, *cfg.RemoteJobsAllowed)
 	require.Equal(t, interfaceName, cfg.WgIface)
 	require.Equal(t, int(wireguardPort), cfg.WgPort)
 	require.Equal(t, preSharedKey, cfg.PreSharedKey)
@@ -138,8 +149,8 @@ func TestSetConfig_AllFieldsSaved(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, blockLANAccess, cfg.BlockLANAccess)
 	require.NotNil(t, cfg.DisableNotifications)
 	require.Equal(t, disableNotifications, *cfg.DisableNotifications)
-	require.Equal(t, lazyConnectionEnabled, cfg.LazyConnectionEnabled)
 	require.Equal(t, blockInbound, cfg.BlockInbound)
+	require.Equal(t, disableIPv6, cfg.DisableIPv6)
 	require.Equal(t, []string{"1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8"}, cfg.NATExternalIPs)
 	require.Equal(t, "1.1.1.1:53", cfg.CustomDNSAddress)
 	// IFaceBlackList contains defaults + extras
@@ -150,6 +161,8 @@ func TestSetConfig_AllFieldsSaved(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, uint16(mtu), cfg.MTU)
 	require.NotNil(t, cfg.SSHJWTCacheTTL)
 	require.Equal(t, int(sshJWTCacheTTL), *cfg.SSHJWTCacheTTL)
+	require.Equal(t, enableLocalMetrics, cfg.LocalMetricsEnabled)
+	require.Equal(t, localMetricsAddress, cfg.LocalMetricsAddress)
 
 	verifyAllFieldsCovered(t, req)
 }
@@ -161,13 +174,14 @@ func verifyAllFieldsCovered(t *testing.T, req *proto.SetConfigRequest) {
 	t.Helper()
 
 	metadataFields := map[string]bool{
-		"state":               true, // protobuf internal
-		"sizeCache":           true, // protobuf internal
-		"unknownFields":       true, // protobuf internal
-		"Username":            true, // metadata
-		"ProfileName":         true, // metadata
-		"CleanNATExternalIPs": true, // control flag for clearing
-		"CleanDNSLabels":      true, // control flag for clearing
+		"state":                 true, // protobuf internal
+		"sizeCache":             true, // protobuf internal
+		"unknownFields":         true, // protobuf internal
+		"Username":              true, // metadata
+		"ProfileName":           true, // metadata
+		"CleanNATExternalIPs":   true, // control flag for clearing
+		"CleanDNSLabels":        true, // control flag for clearing
+		"LazyConnectionEnabled": true, // deprecated: proto field retained for compat, no longer applied
 	}
 
 	expectedFields := map[string]bool{
@@ -176,6 +190,7 @@ func verifyAllFieldsCovered(t *testing.T, req *proto.SetConfigRequest) {
 		"RosenpassEnabled":              true,
 		"RosenpassPermissive":           true,
 		"ServerSSHAllowed":              true,
+		"RemoteJobsAllowed":             true,
 		"InterfaceName":                 true,
 		"WireguardPort":                 true,
 		"OptionalPreSharedKey":          true,
@@ -187,8 +202,8 @@ func verifyAllFieldsCovered(t *testing.T, req *proto.SetConfigRequest) {
 		"DisableFirewall":               true,
 		"BlockLanAccess":                true,
 		"DisableNotifications":          true,
-		"LazyConnectionEnabled":         true,
 		"BlockInbound":                  true,
+		"DisableIpv6":                   true,
 		"NatExternalIPs":                true,
 		"CustomDNSAddress":              true,
 		"ExtraIFaceBlacklist":           true,
@@ -201,6 +216,8 @@ func verifyAllFieldsCovered(t *testing.T, req *proto.SetConfigRequest) {
 		"EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding": true,
 		"DisableSSHAuth":                true,
 		"SshJWTCacheTTL":                true,
+		"EnableLocalMetrics":            true,
+		"LocalMetricsAddress":           true,
 	}
 
 	val := reflect.ValueOf(req).Elem()
@@ -236,6 +253,7 @@ func TestCLIFlags_MappedToSetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		"enable-rosenpass":                  "RosenpassEnabled",
 		"rosenpass-permissive":              "RosenpassPermissive",
 		"allow-server-ssh":                  "ServerSSHAllowed",
+		"allow-remote-jobs":                 "RemoteJobsAllowed",
 		"interface-name":                    "InterfaceName",
 		"wireguard-port":                    "WireguardPort",
 		"preshared-key":                     "OptionalPreSharedKey",
@@ -247,7 +265,7 @@ func TestCLIFlags_MappedToSetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		"disable-firewall":                  "DisableFirewall",
 		"block-lan-access":                  "BlockLanAccess",
 		"block-inbound":                     "BlockInbound",
-		"enable-lazy-connection":            "LazyConnectionEnabled",
+		"disable-ipv6":                      "DisableIpv6",
 		"external-ip-map":                   "NatExternalIPs",
 		"dns-resolver-address":              "CustomDNSAddress",
 		"extra-iface-blacklist":             "ExtraIFaceBlacklist",
@@ -260,11 +278,14 @@ func TestCLIFlags_MappedToSetConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		"enable-ssh-remote-port-forwarding": "EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding",
 		"disable-ssh-auth":                  "DisableSSHAuth",
 		"ssh-jwt-cache-ttl":                 "SshJWTCacheTTL",
+		"enable-local-metrics":              "EnableLocalMetrics",
+		"local-metrics-address":             "LocalMetricsAddress",
 	}
 
 	// SetConfigRequest fields that don't have CLI flags (settable only via UI or other means).
 	fieldsWithoutCLIFlags := map[string]bool{
-		"DisableNotifications": true, // Only settable via UI
+		"DisableNotifications":  true, // Only settable via UI
+		"LazyConnectionEnabled": true, // deprecated: no longer settable (managed by server + NB_LAZY_CONN)
 	}
 
 	// Get all SetConfigRequest fields to verify our map is complete.
diff --git a/client/server/sleep.go b/client/server/sleep.go
index 7a83c75a6..877ad9690 100644
--- a/client/server/sleep.go
+++ b/client/server/sleep.go
@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/sleep"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 )
 
+const envDisableSleepDetector = "NB_DISABLE_SLEEP_DETECTOR"
+
 // serverAgent adapts Server to the handler.Agent and handler.StatusChecker interfaces
 type serverAgent struct {
 	s *Server
@@ -28,19 +33,61 @@ func (a *serverAgent) Status() (internal.StatusType, error) {
 	return internal.CtxGetState(a.s.rootCtx).Status()
 }
 
-// NotifyOSLifecycle handles operating system lifecycle events by executing appropriate logic based on the request type.
-func (s *Server) NotifyOSLifecycle(callerCtx context.Context, req *proto.OSLifecycleRequest) (*proto.OSLifecycleResponse, error) {
-	switch req.GetType() {
-	case proto.OSLifecycleRequest_WAKEUP:
-		if err := s.sleepHandler.HandleWakeUp(callerCtx); err != nil {
-			return &proto.OSLifecycleResponse{}, err
-		}
-	case proto.OSLifecycleRequest_SLEEP:
-		if err := s.sleepHandler.HandleSleep(callerCtx); err != nil {
-			return &proto.OSLifecycleResponse{}, err
-		}
-	default:
-		log.Errorf("unknown OSLifecycleRequest type: %v", req.GetType())
+// startSleepDetector starts the OS sleep/wake detector and forwards events to
+// the sleep handler. On platforms without a supported detector the attempt
+// logs a warning and returns. Setting NB_DISABLE_SLEEP_DETECTOR=true skips
+// registration entirely.
+func (s *Server) startSleepDetector() {
+	if sleepDetectorDisabled() {
+		log.Info("sleep detection disabled via " + envDisableSleepDetector)
+		return
 	}
-	return &proto.OSLifecycleResponse{}, nil
+
+	svc, err := sleep.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to initialize sleep detection: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = svc.Register(func(event sleep.EventType) {
+		switch event {
+		case sleep.EventTypeSleep:
+			log.Info("handling sleep event")
+			if err := s.sleepHandler.HandleSleep(s.rootCtx); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to handle sleep event: %v", err)
+			}
+		case sleep.EventTypeWakeUp:
+			log.Info("handling wakeup event")
+			if err := s.sleepHandler.HandleWakeUp(s.rootCtx); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to handle wakeup event: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to register sleep detector: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Info("sleep detection service initialized")
+
+	go func() {
+		<-s.rootCtx.Done()
+		log.Info("stopping sleep event listener")
+		if err := svc.Deregister(); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to deregister sleep detector: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func sleepDetectorDisabled() bool {
+	val := os.Getenv(envDisableSleepDetector)
+	if val == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	disabled, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to parse %s=%q: %v", envDisableSleepDetector, val, err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return disabled
 }
diff --git a/client/server/ssh_gate.go b/client/server/ssh_gate.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01d24687e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/ssh_gate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc/errdetails"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/localmetrics"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// The daemon runs as root/LocalSystem, so a handful of config changes cross the
+// user-to-root boundary and are restricted to privileged callers:
+//
+//   - Enabling SSH root login, or disabling SSH authentication, turns the
+//     daemon's SSH server into a root (or unauthenticated) shell.
+//   - Enabling the SSH server at all is what makes the above reachable, and a
+//     profile the caller owns is not a privilege they hold.
+//   - While the SSH server is enabled, repointing the profile at another
+//     management identity hands SSH authorization decisions, including which
+//     keys and users are accepted, to whoever controls that identity. Changing
+//     the management URL and deregistering the peer are both ways to do that.
+//   - Binding the local metrics endpoint to a non-loopback address publishes
+//     peer names and connectivity state to the network without authentication.
+//
+// Everything else stays unauthenticated, so this is not an authorization model:
+// it only refuses the changes that would let a local user become root. A caller
+// whose identity cannot be established is refused as well.
+
+// privilegedConfigChange is the subset of a config request that crosses the
+// user-to-root boundary. Fields are nil or empty when the request leaves them
+// untouched.
+type privilegedConfigChange struct {
+	managementURL       string
+	serverSSHAllowed    *bool
+	remoteJobsAllowed   *bool
+	enableSSHRoot       *bool
+	disableSSHAuth      *bool
+	enableLocalMetrics  *bool
+	localMetricsAddress *string
+}
+
+func privilegedChangeFromSetConfig(msg *proto.SetConfigRequest) privilegedConfigChange {
+	return privilegedConfigChange{
+		managementURL:       msg.GetManagementUrl(),
+		serverSSHAllowed:    msg.ServerSSHAllowed,
+		remoteJobsAllowed:   msg.RemoteJobsAllowed,
+		enableSSHRoot:       msg.EnableSSHRoot,
+		disableSSHAuth:      msg.DisableSSHAuth,
+		enableLocalMetrics:  msg.EnableLocalMetrics,
+		localMetricsAddress: msg.LocalMetricsAddress,
+	}
+}
+
+func privilegedChangeFromLogin(msg *proto.LoginRequest) privilegedConfigChange {
+	return privilegedConfigChange{
+		managementURL:       msg.GetManagementUrl(),
+		serverSSHAllowed:    msg.ServerSSHAllowed,
+		remoteJobsAllowed:   msg.RemoteJobsAllowed,
+		enableSSHRoot:       msg.EnableSSHRoot,
+		disableSSHAuth:      msg.DisableSSHAuth,
+		enableLocalMetrics:  msg.EnableLocalMetrics,
+		localMetricsAddress: msg.LocalMetricsAddress,
+	}
+}
+
+// requirePrivilegeForConfigChange refuses the privileged parts of a config
+// change when the caller is not root/administrator. stored is the profile's
+// current config, or nil when it has none yet.
+//
+// Each check compares against the stored value so that a request restating a
+// value it does not change is never refused: a UI that submits the whole
+// settings form must not start failing once an administrator has enabled SSH.
+func requirePrivilegeForConfigChange(ctx context.Context, stored *profilemanager.Config, change privilegedConfigChange) error {
+	if enables(storedFlag(stored, func(c *profilemanager.Config) *bool { return c.EnableSSHRoot }), change.enableSSHRoot) {
+		return denyPrivileged(ctx, "enabling SSH root login", ipcauth.UpCommand("--enable-ssh-root"))
+	}
+
+	if enables(storedFlag(stored, func(c *profilemanager.Config) *bool { return c.DisableSSHAuth }), change.disableSSHAuth) {
+		return denyPrivileged(ctx, "disabling SSH authentication", ipcauth.UpCommand("--disable-ssh-auth"))
+	}
+
+	if enables(sshServerCurrentlyAllowed(stored), change.serverSSHAllowed) {
+		return denyPrivileged(ctx, "enabling the NetBird SSH server", ipcauth.UpCommand("--allow-server-ssh"))
+	}
+
+	// Enabling remote jobs lets the management server run jobs (e.g. debug
+	// bundles) on this host, so turning it on crosses the user-to-root
+	// boundary the same way enabling the SSH server does. The stored value
+	// defaults to off (nil = off), so a legacy config is correctly seen as
+	// off and turning it on requires privilege.
+	if enables(storedFlag(stored, func(c *profilemanager.Config) *bool { return c.RemoteJobsAllowed }), change.remoteJobsAllowed) {
+		return denyPrivileged(ctx, "enabling remote jobs", ipcauth.UpCommand("--allow-remote-jobs"))
+	}
+
+	if addr, exposes := exposesLocalMetrics(stored, change); exposes {
+		return denyPrivileged(ctx,
+			"exposing the local metrics endpoint on a non-loopback address",
+			ipcauth.UpCommand("--enable-local-metrics --local-metrics-address "+addr))
+	}
+
+	// Only guard the management binding while the SSH server is enabled: that is
+	// when the management identity decides who may open a shell here.
+	if !sshServerEnabled(stored) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if change.managementURL != "" && !sameManagementURL(stored.ManagementURL, change.managementURL) {
+		return denyPrivileged(ctx,
+			"changing the management URL while the NetBird SSH server is enabled",
+			ipcauth.UpCommand("-m "+change.managementURL))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// requirePrivilegeForDeregistration refuses to deregister the peer from the
+// management server when the caller is not privileged and the profile has the
+// SSH server enabled. Deregistering frees the peer's key to be registered
+// against another management identity, which is the same handover the
+// management URL check refuses.
+//
+// Callers that treat deregistration as best-effort (profile removal) continue
+// without it; callers that were asked to deregister surface the error.
+func requirePrivilegeForDeregistration(ctx context.Context, cfg *profilemanager.Config) error {
+	if !sshServerEnabled(cfg) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return denyPrivileged(ctx,
+		"deregistering this peer while the NetBird SSH server is enabled",
+		ipcauth.ElevatedCommand("netbird logout"))
+}
+
+// denyPrivileged returns nil when the caller is privileged, and otherwise a
+// PermissionDenied whose message names the action and the command that performs
+// it with the privileges it needs. The same summary and command ride along as an
+// ErrorInfo detail so the CLI and the UI can present them without parsing text.
+//
+// action reads as the subject of a sentence ("enabling SSH root login"), and
+// command is the equivalent command, already elevated for the platform.
+func denyPrivileged(ctx context.Context, action, command string) error {
+	id, ok := ipcauth.CallerIdentity(ctx)
+	if !ok {
+		log.Warnf("denying %s: the caller's identity cannot be verified on this control channel", action)
+		return privilegeError(unidentifiedSummary(action), reinstallCommand())
+	}
+
+	if ipcauth.IsPrivilegedCaller(id) {
+		log.Infof("allowing %s for privileged caller %s", action, id)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	log.Warnf("denying %s for unprivileged caller %s", action, id)
+	actor, command := requiredActor(command)
+	return privilegeError(privilegeSummary(action, actor), command)
+}
+
+// requiredActor names who may perform the operation and adjusts the command to
+// match. A daemon that is not itself privileged delegates to its own identity, so
+// telling that host's user to become root is wrong twice over: root is not what the
+// daemon checks for, and a rootless container has neither root nor sudo.
+func requiredActor(command string) (string, string) {
+	self, delegates := ipcauth.SelfDelegatesTo()
+	if !delegates {
+		return ipcauth.PrivilegedActor(), command
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("the user the daemon runs as (%s)", self), strings.ReplaceAll(command, "sudo ", "")
+}
+
+// privilegeError builds the PermissionDenied carrying summary and command.
+func privilegeError(summary, command string) error {
+	st := gstatus.New(codes.PermissionDenied, fmt.Sprintf("%s\n\n%s", summary, command))
+
+	detailed, err := st.WithDetails(&errdetails.ErrorInfo{
+		Reason: ipcauth.ErrorReasonPrivilegeRequired,
+		Domain: ipcauth.ErrorDomain,
+		Metadata: map[string]string{
+			ipcauth.ErrorMetaSummary: summary,
+			ipcauth.ErrorMetaCommand: command,
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("attach privilege error detail: %v", err)
+		return st.Err()
+	}
+	return detailed.Err()
+}
+
+// privilegeSummary states what is refused and what it needs, in one sentence
+// that reads the same in a dialog and in a terminal.
+func privilegeSummary(action, actor string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s requires %s.", capitalize(action), actor)
+}
+
+// unidentifiedSummary covers a control channel that carries no caller identity.
+// Elevating does not help there, so it points at the daemon's socket instead.
+func unidentifiedSummary(action string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s requires %s, and the daemon cannot verify who is calling over its current socket. "+
+		"Reinstall the service on a socket that carries the caller's identity.", capitalize(action), ipcauth.PrivilegedActor())
+}
+
+// reinstallCommand is the command that moves the daemon onto a socket whose
+// callers can be identified.
+func reinstallCommand() string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("netbird service install --daemon-addr %s", daemonaddr.WindowsPipeAddr)
+	}
+	return "sudo netbird service install --daemon-addr unix:///var/run/netbird.sock"
+}
+
+func capitalize(s string) string {
+	if s == "" {
+		return s
+	}
+	return strings.ToUpper(s[:1]) + s[1:]
+}
+
+// enables reports whether requested turns a flag on that is currently off. A
+// request that restates the stored value, or turns the flag off, is not a
+// privileged change.
+func enables(stored, requested *bool) bool {
+	if requested == nil || !*requested {
+		return false
+	}
+	return stored == nil || !*stored
+}
+
+// storedFlag reads a flag from the stored config, tolerating a config that does
+// not exist yet.
+func storedFlag(cfg *profilemanager.Config, get func(*profilemanager.Config) *bool) *bool {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return get(cfg)
+}
+
+// sshServerEnabled reports whether the profile currently runs the SSH server.
+//
+// A nil flag means ON, matching what the engine does with the same config
+// (util.ReturnBoolWithDefaultTrue in internal/connect.go, kept for configs written
+// before the flag existed). Reading it as OFF here would open the management-URL
+// and deregistration guards on exactly those legacy hosts, whose SSH server is
+// running. Configs loaded through profilemanager have already been materialised by
+// apply(), so this is the same answer by a route that does not depend on that.
+func sshServerEnabled(cfg *profilemanager.Config) bool {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return util.ReturnBoolWithDefaultTrue(cfg.ServerSSHAllowed)
+}
+
+// sshServerCurrentlyAllowed is the value an enable request is compared against. It
+// shares sshServerEnabled's nil-means-on default, so restating "on" for a legacy
+// config is correctly seen as no change.
+func sshServerCurrentlyAllowed(cfg *profilemanager.Config) *bool {
+	enabled := sshServerEnabled(cfg)
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &enabled
+}
+
+// exposesLocalMetrics reports whether the change would leave the metrics
+// endpoint enabled on an address that is not confirmed loopback, and returns
+// that address. A request that restates the stored state is not a change, so a
+// settings form resubmitted after an administrator opened the endpoint is not
+// refused.
+func exposesLocalMetrics(stored *profilemanager.Config, change privilegedConfigChange) (string, bool) {
+	storedEnabled, storedAddr := storedLocalMetrics(stored)
+
+	enabled := storedEnabled
+	if change.enableLocalMetrics != nil {
+		enabled = *change.enableLocalMetrics
+	}
+	addr := storedAddr
+	if change.localMetricsAddress != nil {
+		addr = metricsAddrOrDefault(*change.localMetricsAddress)
+	}
+
+	if !enabled || localmetrics.IsLoopback(addr) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if storedEnabled && storedAddr == addr {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return addr, true
+}
+
+// storedLocalMetrics reads the metrics settings from the stored config,
+// tolerating a config that does not exist yet.
+func storedLocalMetrics(cfg *profilemanager.Config) (bool, string) {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return false, localmetrics.DefaultListenAddress
+	}
+	return cfg.LocalMetricsEnabled, metricsAddrOrDefault(cfg.LocalMetricsAddress)
+}
+
+func metricsAddrOrDefault(addr string) string {
+	if addr == "" {
+		return localmetrics.DefaultListenAddress
+	}
+	return addr
+}
+
+// sameManagementURL reports whether requested addresses the same management
+// server as stored, comparing scheme, host and effective port so that an
+// equivalent spelling ("https://api.netbird.io" for a stored
+// "https://api.netbird.io:443") is not treated as a change. It fails closed:
+// anything unparseable counts as a change and therefore needs privilege.
+func sameManagementURL(stored *url.URL, requested string) bool {
+	if stored == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Normalise the requested URL through the config layer's own parser, so the
+	// comparison cannot drift from how the value would actually be stored.
+	parsed, err := profilemanager.ParseServiceURL("Management URL", requested)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return stored.Scheme == parsed.Scheme &&
+		stored.Hostname() == parsed.Hostname() &&
+		effectivePort(stored) == effectivePort(parsed)
+}
+
+func effectivePort(u *url.URL) string {
+	if port := u.Port(); port != "" {
+		return port
+	}
+	switch u.Scheme {
+	case "https":
+		return "443"
+	case "http":
+		return "80"
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/server/ssh_gate_test.go b/client/server/ssh_gate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4712c64a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/ssh_gate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc/errdetails"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/peer"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+)
+
+// ctxWithIdentity builds a request context carrying the identity the transport
+// credentials would have attached.
+func ctxWithIdentity(id ipcauth.Identity) context.Context {
+	return peer.NewContext(context.Background(), &peer.Peer{
+		AuthInfo: ipcauth.AuthInfo{
+			CommonAuthInfo: credentials.CommonAuthInfo{SecurityLevel: credentials.NoSecurity},
+			Identity:       id,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// unprivUID is deliberately not this process's own uid. An unprivileged daemon
+// treats a caller sharing its identity as privileged (rootless containers), and
+// the test binary would otherwise stand in for both the daemon and the caller.
+// os.Geteuid returns -1 on Windows, where identities are SIDs instead and this is
+// unused.
+var unprivUID = uint32(os.Geteuid() + 1)
+
+// The fabricated identities have to be shaped like the platform's: a uid says
+// nothing on Windows, and a zero uid there would read as root and be privileged.
+func rootCtx() context.Context { return ctxWithIdentity(privilegedIdentity()) }
+func userCtx() context.Context { return ctxWithIdentity(unprivilegedIdentity()) }
+
+func privilegedIdentity() ipcauth.Identity {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		// LocalSystem, which is what the Windows service account is.
+		return ipcauth.Identity{SID: "S-1-5-18"}
+	}
+	return ipcauth.Identity{UID: 0}
+}
+
+func unprivilegedIdentity() ipcauth.Identity {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		// A plain user SID: no groups, so no BUILTIN\Administrators, and not
+		// elevated.
+		return ipcauth.Identity{SID: "S-1-5-21-1-2-3-1001"}
+	}
+	return ipcauth.Identity{UID: unprivUID, GID: unprivUID}
+}
+func noIdentityCtx() context.Context { return context.Background() }
+
+func boolPtr(v bool) *bool { return &v }
+
+func strPtr(v string) *string { return &v }
+
+func mustURL(t *testing.T, raw string) *url.URL {
+	t.Helper()
+	u, err := url.Parse(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse %q: %v", raw, err)
+	}
+	return u
+}
+
+func assertDenied(t *testing.T, err error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected the change to be refused, got nil")
+	}
+	st := gstatus.Convert(err)
+	if st.Code() != codes.PermissionDenied {
+		t.Fatalf("code = %v, want PermissionDenied", st.Code())
+	}
+	// The refusal must be machine-readable: the CLI and the UI render the
+	// summary and command from the detail rather than parsing the message.
+	var info *errdetails.ErrorInfo
+	for _, d := range st.Details() {
+		if got, ok := d.(*errdetails.ErrorInfo); ok {
+			info = got
+		}
+	}
+	if info == nil {
+		t.Fatal("refusal carries no ErrorInfo detail")
+	}
+	if info.GetReason() != ipcauth.ErrorReasonPrivilegeRequired || info.GetDomain() != ipcauth.ErrorDomain {
+		t.Fatalf("detail = %s/%s, want %s/%s", info.GetDomain(), info.GetReason(), ipcauth.ErrorDomain, ipcauth.ErrorReasonPrivilegeRequired)
+	}
+	if info.GetMetadata()[ipcauth.ErrorMetaSummary] == "" {
+		t.Error("detail carries no summary")
+	}
+	if info.GetMetadata()[ipcauth.ErrorMetaCommand] == "" {
+		t.Error("detail carries no command")
+	}
+}
+
+func assertAllowed(t *testing.T, err error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected the change to be allowed, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRequirePrivilegeForConfigChange_SSHFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		stored     *profilemanager.Config
+		change     privilegedConfigChange
+		privileged bool
+		wantDeny   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "enabling the ssh server unprivileged is refused",
+			stored:   &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(false)},
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{serverSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "enabling the ssh server as root is allowed",
+			stored:     &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(false)},
+			change:     privilegedConfigChange{serverSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			privileged: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "restating an already enabled ssh server is not a change",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{serverSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "turning the ssh server off is not guarded",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{serverSSHAllowed: boolPtr(false)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "a profile with no config yet counts as off, so enabling is refused",
+			stored:   nil,
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{serverSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "enabling ssh root login unprivileged is refused",
+			stored:   &profilemanager.Config{EnableSSHRoot: boolPtr(false)},
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{enableSSHRoot: boolPtr(true)},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "restating ssh root login is not a change",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{EnableSSHRoot: boolPtr(true)},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{enableSSHRoot: boolPtr(true)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "turning ssh root login off is not guarded",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{EnableSSHRoot: boolPtr(true)},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{enableSSHRoot: boolPtr(false)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "disabling ssh authentication unprivileged is refused",
+			stored:   &profilemanager.Config{DisableSSHAuth: boolPtr(false)},
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{disableSSHAuth: boolPtr(true)},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "re-enabling ssh authentication is not guarded",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{DisableSSHAuth: boolPtr(true)},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{disableSSHAuth: boolPtr(false)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "enabling remote jobs unprivileged is refused",
+			stored:   &profilemanager.Config{RemoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(false)},
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{remoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "enabling remote jobs as root is allowed",
+			stored:     &profilemanager.Config{RemoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(false)},
+			change:     privilegedConfigChange{remoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			privileged: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "a profile with no config yet counts as off, so enabling remote jobs is refused",
+			stored:   nil,
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{remoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "restating already-enabled remote jobs is not a change",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{RemoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{remoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "turning remote jobs off is not guarded",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{RemoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{remoteJobsAllowed: boolPtr(false)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "a request that touches none of the guarded fields is allowed",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(false)},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := userCtx()
+			if tt.privileged {
+				ctx = rootCtx()
+			}
+			err := requirePrivilegeForConfigChange(ctx, tt.stored, tt.change)
+			if tt.wantDeny {
+				assertDenied(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			assertAllowed(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRequirePrivilegeForConfigChange_LocalMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	exposed := &profilemanager.Config{LocalMetricsEnabled: true, LocalMetricsAddress: "0.0.0.0:9191"}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		stored     *profilemanager.Config
+		change     privilegedConfigChange
+		privileged bool
+		wantDeny   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "binding a non-loopback address unprivileged is refused",
+			stored:   &profilemanager.Config{},
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(true), localMetricsAddress: strPtr("0.0.0.0:9191")},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "binding a non-loopback address as root is allowed",
+			stored:     &profilemanager.Config{},
+			change:     privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(true), localMetricsAddress: strPtr("0.0.0.0:9191")},
+			privileged: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "enabling on the default loopback address is not guarded",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(true)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "enabling on an explicit loopback address is not guarded",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(true), localMetricsAddress: strPtr("127.0.0.1:9999")},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "enabling on the IPv6 loopback address is not guarded",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(true), localMetricsAddress: strPtr("[::1]:9191")},
+		},
+		{
+			// The address alone does nothing while the endpoint stays off.
+			name:   "a non-loopback address without enabling is not guarded",
+			stored: &profilemanager.Config{},
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{localMetricsAddress: strPtr("0.0.0.0:9191")},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "widening an already enabled loopback endpoint is refused",
+			stored:   &profilemanager.Config{LocalMetricsEnabled: true, LocalMetricsAddress: "127.0.0.1:9191"},
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{localMetricsAddress: strPtr("0.0.0.0:9191")},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "restating an already exposed endpoint is not a change",
+			stored: exposed,
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(true), localMetricsAddress: strPtr("0.0.0.0:9191")},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "turning an exposed endpoint off is not guarded",
+			stored: exposed,
+			change: privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(false)},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "re-enabling an exposed endpoint that was turned off is refused",
+			stored:   &profilemanager.Config{LocalMetricsEnabled: false, LocalMetricsAddress: "0.0.0.0:9191"},
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(true)},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			// Fail closed: an address that cannot be parsed is not confirmed loopback.
+			name:     "an unparseable address is refused",
+			stored:   &profilemanager.Config{},
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(true), localMetricsAddress: strPtr("not-an-address")},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "a profile with no config yet counts as off, so exposing is refused",
+			stored:   nil,
+			change:   privilegedConfigChange{enableLocalMetrics: boolPtr(true), localMetricsAddress: strPtr("0.0.0.0:9191")},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := userCtx()
+			if tt.privileged {
+				ctx = rootCtx()
+			}
+			err := requirePrivilegeForConfigChange(ctx, tt.stored, tt.change)
+			if tt.wantDeny {
+				assertDenied(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			assertAllowed(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRequirePrivilegeForConfigChange_ManagementURL(t *testing.T) {
+	sshOn := func(raw string) *profilemanager.Config {
+		return &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true), ManagementURL: mustURL(t, raw)}
+	}
+	sshOff := func(raw string) *profilemanager.Config {
+		return &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(false), ManagementURL: mustURL(t, raw)}
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		stored     *profilemanager.Config
+		requested  string
+		privileged bool
+		wantDeny   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "moving the binding while ssh is enabled is refused",
+			stored:    sshOn("https://api.netbird.io:443"),
+			requested: "https://attacker.example.com:443",
+			wantDeny:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "moving the binding as root is allowed",
+			stored:     sshOn("https://api.netbird.io:443"),
+			requested:  "https://selfhosted.example.com:443",
+			privileged: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "the same url restated is not a change",
+			stored:    sshOn("https://api.netbird.io:443"),
+			requested: "https://api.netbird.io:443",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "an equivalent spelling of the same url is not a change",
+			stored:    sshOn("https://api.netbird.io:443"),
+			requested: "https://api.netbird.io",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "an equivalent spelling with an explicit http port is not a change",
+			stored:    sshOn("http://mgmt.internal:80"),
+			requested: "http://mgmt.internal",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "a different port on the same host is a change",
+			stored:    sshOn("https://api.netbird.io:443"),
+			requested: "https://api.netbird.io:8443",
+			wantDeny:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "a different scheme on the same host is a change",
+			stored:    sshOn("https://mgmt.internal:443"),
+			requested: "http://mgmt.internal:443",
+			wantDeny:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "with ssh disabled the binding is not guarded at all",
+			stored:    sshOff("https://api.netbird.io:443"),
+			requested: "https://attacker.example.com:443",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "an unparseable url fails closed",
+			stored:    sshOn("https://api.netbird.io:443"),
+			requested: "ht tp://%zz",
+			wantDeny:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "an empty url leaves the binding alone",
+			stored:    sshOn("https://api.netbird.io:443"),
+			requested: "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := userCtx()
+			if tt.privileged {
+				ctx = rootCtx()
+			}
+			err := requirePrivilegeForConfigChange(ctx, tt.stored, privilegedConfigChange{managementURL: tt.requested})
+			if tt.wantDeny {
+				assertDenied(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			assertAllowed(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// A caller the daemon cannot identify must be refused, not trusted: that is the
+// state on a TCP daemon socket, where no peer credentials exist.
+func TestRequirePrivilegeForConfigChange_UnidentifiedCallerIsRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	err := requirePrivilegeForConfigChange(noIdentityCtx(),
+		&profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(false)},
+		privilegedConfigChange{serverSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true)})
+	assertDenied(t, err)
+
+	// The guidance must point at the socket rather than at sudo, since elevating
+	// would not help.
+	st := gstatus.Convert(err)
+	if !strings.Contains(st.Message(), "service install") {
+		t.Errorf("message %q does not tell the operator how to fix the socket", st.Message())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRequirePrivilegeForDeregistration(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		cfg        *profilemanager.Config
+		privileged bool
+		wantDeny   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "deregistering while ssh is enabled is refused",
+			cfg:      &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			wantDeny: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "deregistering while ssh is enabled is allowed for root",
+			cfg:        &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(true)},
+			privileged: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deregistering with ssh disabled is not guarded",
+			cfg:  &profilemanager.Config{ServerSSHAllowed: boolPtr(false)},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "deregistering a profile with no config is not guarded",
+			cfg:  nil,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := userCtx()
+			if tt.privileged {
+				ctx = rootCtx()
+			}
+			err := requirePrivilegeForDeregistration(ctx, tt.cfg)
+			if tt.wantDeny {
+				assertDenied(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			assertAllowed(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// privilegedTestCtx is the context a handler-level test should use when it is
+// standing in for a root/administrator caller. Tests that drive the handlers
+// directly have no transport credentials, and the privileged-change gate refuses
+// a caller it cannot identify.
+func privilegedTestCtx() context.Context { return rootCtx() }
diff --git a/client/server/state.go b/client/server/state.go
index f2d823465..a4e91468e 100644
--- a/client/server/state.go
+++ b/client/server/state.go
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func (s *Server) CleanState(ctx context.Context, req *proto.CleanStateRequest) (
 
 	if req.All {
 		// Reuse existing cleanup logic for all states
-		if err := restoreResidualState(ctx, statePath); err != nil {
+		if err := RestoreResidualState(ctx, statePath); err != nil {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to clean all states: %v", err)
 		}
 
@@ -113,9 +113,9 @@ func (s *Server) DeleteState(ctx context.Context, req *proto.DeleteStateRequest)
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// restoreResidualState checks if the client was not shut down in a clean way and restores residual if required.
+// RestoreResidualState checks if the client was not shut down in a clean way and restores residual if required.
 // Otherwise, we might not be able to connect to the management server to retrieve new config.
-func restoreResidualState(ctx context.Context, statePath string) error {
+func RestoreResidualState(ctx context.Context, statePath string) error {
 	if statePath == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
diff --git a/client/server/status_stream.go b/client/server/status_stream.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6ba547eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/server/status_stream.go
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// SubscribeStatus pushes a fresh StatusResponse on every connection state
+// change. The first message is the current snapshot, so a re-subscribing
+// client doesn't need to also call Status. Subsequent messages fire when
+// the peer recorder reports any of: connected/disconnected/connecting,
+// management or signal flip, address change, or peers list change.
+//
+// The change channel coalesces bursts to a single tick. If the consumer
+// is slow the daemon drops extras (not blocks), and the next snapshot
+// the consumer pulls already reflects everything.
+func (s *Server) SubscribeStatus(req *proto.StatusRequest, stream proto.DaemonService_SubscribeStatusServer) error {
+	subID, ch := s.statusRecorder.SubscribeToStateChanges()
+	defer func() {
+		s.statusRecorder.UnsubscribeFromStateChanges(subID)
+		log.Debug("client unsubscribed from status updates")
+	}()
+
+	log.Debug("client subscribed to status updates")
+
+	if err := s.sendStatusSnapshot(req, stream); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case _, ok := <-ch:
+			if !ok {
+				return nil
+			}
+			if err := s.sendStatusSnapshot(req, stream); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case <-stream.Context().Done():
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Server) sendStatusSnapshot(req *proto.StatusRequest, stream proto.DaemonService_SubscribeStatusServer) error {
+	resp, err := s.buildStatusResponse(stream.Context(), req)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("build status snapshot for stream: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := stream.Send(resp); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("send status snapshot to stream: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/server/trace.go b/client/server/trace.go
index e4ac91487..7fea31c49 100644
--- a/client/server/trace.go
+++ b/client/server/trace.go
@@ -24,14 +24,9 @@ func (s *Server) TracePacket(_ context.Context, req *proto.TracePacketRequest) (
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	srcAddr, err := s.parseAddress(req.GetSourceIp(), engine)
+	srcAddr, dstAddr, err := s.resolveTraceAddresses(req.GetSourceIp(), req.GetDestinationIp(), engine)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid source IP address: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	dstAddr, err := s.parseAddress(req.GetDestinationIp(), engine)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid destination IP address: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	protocol, err := s.parseProtocol(req.GetProtocol())
@@ -89,16 +84,73 @@ func (s *Server) getPacketTracer() (packetTracer, *internal.Engine, error) {
 	return tracer, engine, nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) parseAddress(addr string, engine *internal.Engine) (netip.Addr, error) {
-	if addr == "self" {
-		return engine.GetWgAddr(), nil
+// resolveTraceAddresses parses src/dst, resolving "self" to the local overlay
+// address matching the peer's address family.
+func (s *Server) resolveTraceAddresses(src, dst string, engine *internal.Engine) (netip.Addr, netip.Addr, error) {
+	srcSelf := src == "self"
+	dstSelf := dst == "self"
+
+	if srcSelf && dstSelf {
+		return netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("both source and destination cannot be 'self'")
 	}
 
+	var srcAddr, dstAddr netip.Addr
+	var err error
+
+	// Parse the non-self address first so we know the family for self resolution.
+	if !srcSelf {
+		if srcAddr, err = parseAddr(src); err != nil {
+			return netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid source IP: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if !dstSelf {
+		if dstAddr, err = parseAddr(dst); err != nil {
+			return netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid destination IP: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Determine the peer address to pick the right self address.
+	peer := srcAddr
+	if srcSelf {
+		peer = dstAddr
+	}
+
+	if srcSelf {
+		if srcAddr, err = selfAddr(engine, peer); err != nil {
+			return netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{}, err
+		}
+	}
+	if dstSelf {
+		if dstAddr, err = selfAddr(engine, peer); err != nil {
+			return netip.Addr{}, netip.Addr{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return srcAddr, dstAddr, nil
+}
+
+func selfAddr(engine *internal.Engine, peer netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	var addr netip.Addr
+	if peer.Is6() {
+		addr = engine.GetWgV6Addr()
+	} else {
+		addr = engine.GetWgAddr()
+	}
+	if !addr.IsValid() {
+		family := "IPv4"
+		if peer.Is6() {
+			family = "IPv6"
+		}
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("no local %s overlay address configured", family)
+	}
+	return addr, nil
+}
+
+func parseAddr(addr string) (netip.Addr, error) {
 	a, err := netip.ParseAddr(addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return netip.Addr{}, err
 	}
-
 	return a.Unmap(), nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/ssh/auth/auth.go b/client/ssh/auth/auth.go
index 079282fdc..92f517fac 100644
--- a/client/ssh/auth/auth.go
+++ b/client/ssh/auth/auth.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package auth
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -155,6 +156,24 @@ func (a *Authorizer) GetUserIDClaim() string {
 	return a.userIDClaim
 }
 
+// Config returns the authorization currently in force. The user list and the
+// machine-user map are copies; the originals stay in use here.
+func (a *Authorizer) Config() *Config {
+	a.mu.RLock()
+	defer a.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	machineUsers := make(map[string][]uint32, len(a.machineUsers))
+	for osUser, indexes := range a.machineUsers {
+		machineUsers[osUser] = slices.Clone(indexes)
+	}
+
+	return &Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     a.userIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: slices.Clone(a.authorizedUsers),
+		MachineUsers:    machineUsers,
+	}
+}
+
 // findUserIndex finds the index of a hashed user ID in the authorized users list
 // Returns the index and true if found, 0 and false if not found
 func (a *Authorizer) findUserIndex(hashedUserID sshuserhash.UserIDHash) (int, bool) {
diff --git a/client/ssh/client/client.go b/client/ssh/client/client.go
index 7f72a72cf..31143a4f4 100644
--- a/client/ssh/client/client.go
+++ b/client/ssh/client/client.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -17,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/knownhosts"
 	"golang.org/x/term"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
@@ -25,13 +23,14 @@ import (
 	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/detection"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/netrelay"
 )
 
 const (
 	// DefaultDaemonAddr is the default address for the NetBird daemon
 	DefaultDaemonAddr = "unix:///var/run/netbird.sock"
 	// DefaultDaemonAddrWindows is the default address for the NetBird daemon on Windows
-	DefaultDaemonAddrWindows = "tcp://127.0.0.1:41731"
+	DefaultDaemonAddrWindows = daemonaddr.WindowsPipeAddr
 )
 
 // Client wraps crypto/ssh Client for simplified SSH operations
@@ -267,7 +266,7 @@ func getDefaultDaemonAddr() string {
 		return addr
 	}
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		return DefaultDaemonAddrWindows
+		return daemonaddr.ResolveDaemonAddr(DefaultDaemonAddrWindows)
 	}
 	return daemonaddr.ResolveUnixDaemonAddr(DefaultDaemonAddr)
 }
@@ -314,21 +313,23 @@ func Dial(ctx context.Context, addr, user string, opts DialOptions) (*Client, er
 
 // dialSSH establishes an SSH connection without JWT authentication
 func dialSSH(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, config *ssh.ClientConfig) (*Client, error) {
+	if config.Timeout > 0 {
+		var cancel context.CancelFunc
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, config.Timeout)
+		defer cancel()
+	}
+
 	dialer := &net.Dialer{}
 	conn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial %s: %w", addr, err)
 	}
 
-	clientConn, chans, reqs, err := ssh.NewClientConn(conn, addr, config)
+	client, err := nbssh.Handshake(ctx, conn, addr, config)
 	if err != nil {
-		if closeErr := conn.Close(); closeErr != nil {
-			log.Debugf("connection close after handshake failure: %v", closeErr)
-		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	client := ssh.NewClient(clientConn, chans, reqs)
 	return &Client{
 		client: client,
 	}, nil
@@ -409,12 +410,9 @@ func verifyHostKeyViaDaemon(hostname string, remote net.Addr, key ssh.PublicKey,
 }
 
 func connectToDaemon(daemonAddr string) (*grpc.ClientConn, error) {
-	addr := strings.TrimPrefix(daemonAddr, "tcp://")
+	target, opts := daemonaddr.DialTarget(daemonAddr)
 
-	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(
-		addr,
-		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
-	)
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(target, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to create gRPC client for NetBird daemon at %s: %v", daemonAddr, err)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to NetBird daemon: %w", err)
@@ -536,7 +534,7 @@ func (c *Client) LocalPortForward(ctx context.Context, localAddr, remoteAddr str
 				continue
 			}
 
-			go c.handleLocalForward(localConn, remoteAddr)
+			go c.handleLocalForward(ctx, localConn, remoteAddr)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -548,7 +546,7 @@ func (c *Client) LocalPortForward(ctx context.Context, localAddr, remoteAddr str
 }
 
 // handleLocalForward handles a single local port forwarding connection
-func (c *Client) handleLocalForward(localConn net.Conn, remoteAddr string) {
+func (c *Client) handleLocalForward(ctx context.Context, localConn net.Conn, remoteAddr string) {
 	defer func() {
 		if err := localConn.Close(); err != nil {
 			log.Debugf("local port forwarding: close local connection: %v", err)
@@ -571,7 +569,7 @@ func (c *Client) handleLocalForward(localConn net.Conn, remoteAddr string) {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	nbssh.BidirectionalCopy(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), localConn, channel)
+	netrelay.Relay(ctx, localConn, channel, netrelay.Options{Logger: log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger())})
 }
 
 // RemotePortForward sets up remote port forwarding, binding on remote and forwarding to localAddr
@@ -653,16 +651,19 @@ func (c *Client) handleRemoteForwardChannels(ctx context.Context, localAddr stri
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
 			return
-		case newChan := <-channelRequests:
+		case newChan, ok := <-channelRequests:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
 			if newChan != nil {
-				go c.handleRemoteForwardChannel(newChan, localAddr)
+				go c.handleRemoteForwardChannel(ctx, newChan, localAddr)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
 // handleRemoteForwardChannel handles a single forwarded-tcpip channel
-func (c *Client) handleRemoteForwardChannel(newChan ssh.NewChannel, localAddr string) {
+func (c *Client) handleRemoteForwardChannel(ctx context.Context, newChan ssh.NewChannel, localAddr string) {
 	channel, reqs, err := newChan.Accept()
 	if err != nil {
 		return
@@ -675,8 +676,14 @@ func (c *Client) handleRemoteForwardChannel(newChan ssh.NewChannel, localAddr st
 
 	go ssh.DiscardRequests(reqs)
 
-	localConn, err := net.Dial("tcp", localAddr)
+	// Bound the dial so a black-holed localAddr can't pin the accepted SSH
+	// channel open indefinitely; the relay itself runs under the outer ctx.
+	dialCtx, cancelDial := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 10*time.Second)
+	var dialer net.Dialer
+	localConn, err := dialer.DialContext(dialCtx, "tcp", localAddr)
+	cancelDial()
 	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("remote port forwarding: dial %s: %v", localAddr, err)
 		return
 	}
 	defer func() {
@@ -685,7 +692,7 @@ func (c *Client) handleRemoteForwardChannel(newChan ssh.NewChannel, localAddr st
 		}
 	}()
 
-	nbssh.BidirectionalCopy(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), localConn, channel)
+	netrelay.Relay(ctx, localConn, channel, netrelay.Options{Logger: log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger())})
 }
 
 // tcpipForwardMsg represents the structure for tcpip-forward requests
diff --git a/client/ssh/client/client_privileged_test.go b/client/ssh/client/client_privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12edbbc06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/client/client_privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/testutil"
+)
+
+func TestSSHClient_CommandExecution(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && testutil.IsCI() {
+		t.Skip("Skipping Windows command execution tests in CI due to S4U authentication issues")
+	}
+
+	server, _, client := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
+	defer func() {
+		err := server.Stop()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}()
+	defer func() {
+		err := client.Close()
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	}()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	t.Run("ExecuteCommand captures output", func(t *testing.T) {
+		output, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, "echo hello")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, string(output), "hello")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("ExecuteCommandWithIO streams output", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := client.ExecuteCommandWithIO(ctx, "echo world")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("commands with flags work", func(t *testing.T) {
+		output, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, "echo -n test_flag")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "test_flag", strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-zero exit codes don't return errors", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var testCmd string
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			testCmd = "echo hello | Select-String notfound"
+		} else {
+			testCmd = "echo 'hello' | grep 'notfound'"
+		}
+		_, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, testCmd)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSSHClient_ContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	server, serverAddr, _ := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
+	defer func() {
+		err := server.Stop()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}()
+
+	t.Run("connection with short timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Millisecond)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		currentUser := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+		_, err := Dial(ctx, serverAddr, currentUser, DialOptions{
+			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			// Check for actual timeout-related errors rather than string matching
+			assert.True(t,
+				errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
+					errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) ||
+					strings.Contains(err.Error(), "timeout"),
+				"Expected timeout-related error, got: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("command execution cancellation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		currentUser := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+		client, err := Dial(ctx, serverAddr, currentUser, DialOptions{
+			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		defer func() {
+			if err := client.Close(); err != nil {
+				t.Logf("client close error: %v", err)
+			}
+		}()
+
+		cmdCtx, cmdCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
+		defer cmdCancel()
+
+		err = client.ExecuteCommandWithPTY(cmdCtx, "sleep 10")
+		if err != nil {
+			var exitMissingErr *cryptossh.ExitMissingError
+			isValidCancellation := errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
+				errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) ||
+				errors.As(err, &exitMissingErr)
+			assert.True(t, isValidCancellation, "Should handle command cancellation properly")
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/client/client_test.go b/client/ssh/client/client_test.go
index e38e02a86..191362940 100644
--- a/client/ssh/client/client_test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/client/client_test.go
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	sshserver "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
@@ -78,53 +77,6 @@ func TestSSHClient_DialWithKey(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, client.client)
 }
 
-func TestSSHClient_CommandExecution(t *testing.T) {
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && testutil.IsCI() {
-		t.Skip("Skipping Windows command execution tests in CI due to S4U authentication issues")
-	}
-
-	server, _, client := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
-	defer func() {
-		err := server.Stop()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	}()
-	defer func() {
-		err := client.Close()
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-	}()
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	t.Run("ExecuteCommand captures output", func(t *testing.T) {
-		output, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, "echo hello")
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Contains(t, string(output), "hello")
-	})
-
-	t.Run("ExecuteCommandWithIO streams output", func(t *testing.T) {
-		err := client.ExecuteCommandWithIO(ctx, "echo world")
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-	})
-
-	t.Run("commands with flags work", func(t *testing.T) {
-		output, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, "echo -n test_flag")
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, "test_flag", strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
-	})
-
-	t.Run("non-zero exit codes don't return errors", func(t *testing.T) {
-		var testCmd string
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-			testCmd = "echo hello | Select-String notfound"
-		} else {
-			testCmd = "echo 'hello' | grep 'notfound'"
-		}
-		_, err := client.ExecuteCommand(ctx, testCmd)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-	})
-}
-
 func TestSSHClient_ConnectionHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	server, serverAddr, _ := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
 	defer func() {
@@ -154,59 +106,6 @@ func TestSSHClient_ConnectionHandling(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestSSHClient_ContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
-	server, serverAddr, _ := setupTestSSHServerAndClient(t)
-	defer func() {
-		err := server.Stop()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	}()
-
-	t.Run("connection with short timeout", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Millisecond)
-		defer cancel()
-
-		currentUser := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
-		_, err := Dial(ctx, serverAddr, currentUser, DialOptions{
-			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			// Check for actual timeout-related errors rather than string matching
-			assert.True(t,
-				errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
-					errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) ||
-					strings.Contains(err.Error(), "timeout"),
-				"Expected timeout-related error, got: %v", err)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("command execution cancellation", func(t *testing.T) {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-		defer cancel()
-		currentUser := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
-		client, err := Dial(ctx, serverAddr, currentUser, DialOptions{
-			InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		})
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		defer func() {
-			if err := client.Close(); err != nil {
-				t.Logf("client close error: %v", err)
-			}
-		}()
-
-		cmdCtx, cmdCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
-		defer cmdCancel()
-
-		err = client.ExecuteCommandWithPTY(cmdCtx, "sleep 10")
-		if err != nil {
-			var exitMissingErr *cryptossh.ExitMissingError
-			isValidCancellation := errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) ||
-				errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) ||
-				errors.As(err, &exitMissingErr)
-			assert.True(t, isValidCancellation, "Should handle command cancellation properly")
-		}
-	})
-}
-
 func TestSSHClient_NoAuthMode(t *testing.T) {
 	hostKey, err := ssh.GeneratePrivateKey(ssh.ED25519)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/client/ssh/client/terminal_unix.go b/client/ssh/client/terminal_unix.go
index aaa3418f9..a963dc8be 100644
--- a/client/ssh/client/terminal_unix.go
+++ b/client/ssh/client/terminal_unix.go
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 	"golang.org/x/term"
+
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 )
 
 func (c *Client) setupTerminalMode(ctx context.Context, session *ssh.Session) error {
@@ -82,37 +84,7 @@ func (c *Client) setupTerminal(session *ssh.Session, fd int) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("get terminal size: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	modes := ssh.TerminalModes{
-		ssh.ECHO:          1,
-		ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 14400,
-		ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 14400,
-		// Ctrl+C
-		ssh.VINTR: 3,
-		// Ctrl+\
-		ssh.VQUIT: 28,
-		// Backspace
-		ssh.VERASE: 127,
-		// Ctrl+U
-		ssh.VKILL: 21,
-		// Ctrl+D
-		ssh.VEOF:  4,
-		ssh.VEOL:  0,
-		ssh.VEOL2: 0,
-		// Ctrl+Q
-		ssh.VSTART: 17,
-		// Ctrl+S
-		ssh.VSTOP: 19,
-		// Ctrl+Z
-		ssh.VSUSP: 26,
-		// Ctrl+O
-		ssh.VDISCARD: 15,
-		// Ctrl+R
-		ssh.VREPRINT: 18,
-		// Ctrl+W
-		ssh.VWERASE: 23,
-		// Ctrl+V
-		ssh.VLNEXT: 22,
-	}
+	modes := nbssh.DefaultTerminalModes
 
 	terminal := os.Getenv("TERM")
 	if terminal == "" {
diff --git a/client/ssh/client/terminal_windows.go b/client/ssh/client/terminal_windows.go
index 462438317..c6156fc26 100644
--- a/client/ssh/client/terminal_windows.go
+++ b/client/ssh/client/terminal_windows.go
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -80,28 +82,14 @@ func (c *Client) setupTerminalMode(_ context.Context, session *ssh.Session) erro
 	w, h := c.getWindowsConsoleSize()
 
 	modes := ssh.TerminalModes{
-		ssh.ECHO:          1,
-		ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 14400,
-		ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 14400,
-		ssh.ICRNL:         1,
-		ssh.OPOST:         1,
-		ssh.ONLCR:         1,
-		ssh.ISIG:          1,
-		ssh.ICANON:        1,
-		ssh.VINTR:         3,   // Ctrl+C
-		ssh.VQUIT:         28,  // Ctrl+\
-		ssh.VERASE:        127, // Backspace
-		ssh.VKILL:         21,  // Ctrl+U
-		ssh.VEOF:          4,   // Ctrl+D
-		ssh.VEOL:          0,
-		ssh.VEOL2:         0,
-		ssh.VSTART:        17, // Ctrl+Q
-		ssh.VSTOP:         19, // Ctrl+S
-		ssh.VSUSP:         26, // Ctrl+Z
-		ssh.VDISCARD:      15, // Ctrl+O
-		ssh.VWERASE:       23, // Ctrl+W
-		ssh.VLNEXT:        22, // Ctrl+V
-		ssh.VREPRINT:      18, // Ctrl+R
+		ssh.ICRNL:  1,
+		ssh.OPOST:  1,
+		ssh.ONLCR:  1,
+		ssh.ISIG:   1,
+		ssh.ICANON: 1,
+	}
+	for mode, value := range nbssh.DefaultTerminalModes {
+		modes[mode] = value
 	}
 
 	if err := session.RequestPty("xterm-256color", h, w, modes); err != nil {
diff --git a/client/ssh/common.go b/client/ssh/common.go
index f6aec5f9c..4ebf8842a 100644
--- a/client/ssh/common.go
+++ b/client/ssh/common.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -34,6 +35,19 @@ type HostKeyVerifier interface {
 	VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress string, key []byte) error
 }
 
+// PeerKeyLookup returns the stored SSH host key for a peer address.
+type PeerKeyLookup func(peerAddress string) ([]byte, bool)
+
+// VerifySSHHostKey implements HostKeyVerifier by looking up the stored key
+// and comparing it against the presented key.
+func (l PeerKeyLookup) VerifySSHHostKey(peerAddress string, presentedKey []byte) error {
+	storedKey, found := l(peerAddress)
+	if !found {
+		return ErrPeerNotFound
+	}
+	return VerifyHostKey(storedKey, presentedKey, peerAddress)
+}
+
 // DaemonHostKeyVerifier implements HostKeyVerifier using the NetBird daemon
 type DaemonHostKeyVerifier struct {
 	client proto.DaemonServiceClient
@@ -92,7 +106,8 @@ func printAuthInstructions(stderr io.Writer, authResponse *proto.RequestJWTAuthR
 
 // RequestJWTToken requests or retrieves a JWT token for SSH authentication
 func RequestJWTToken(ctx context.Context, client proto.DaemonServiceClient, stdout, stderr io.Writer, useCache bool, hint string, openBrowser func(string) error) (string, error) {
-	req := &proto.RequestJWTAuthRequest{}
+	// the ssh client runs in the user's session, the daemon does not: tell it what we can see
+	req := &proto.RequestJWTAuthRequest{HasGraphicalSession: util.HasGraphicalSession()}
 	if hint != "" {
 		req.Hint = &hint
 	}
@@ -193,64 +208,3 @@ func buildAddressList(hostname string, remote net.Addr) []string {
 	}
 	return addresses
 }
-
-// BidirectionalCopy copies data bidirectionally between two io.ReadWriter connections.
-// It waits for both directions to complete before returning.
-// The caller is responsible for closing the connections.
-func BidirectionalCopy(logger *log.Entry, rw1, rw2 io.ReadWriter) {
-	done := make(chan struct{}, 2)
-
-	go func() {
-		if _, err := io.Copy(rw2, rw1); err != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(err) {
-			logger.Debugf("copy error (1->2): %v", err)
-		}
-		done <- struct{}{}
-	}()
-
-	go func() {
-		if _, err := io.Copy(rw1, rw2); err != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(err) {
-			logger.Debugf("copy error (2->1): %v", err)
-		}
-		done <- struct{}{}
-	}()
-
-	<-done
-	<-done
-}
-
-func isExpectedCopyError(err error) bool {
-	return errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, context.Canceled)
-}
-
-// BidirectionalCopyWithContext copies data bidirectionally between two io.ReadWriteCloser connections.
-// It waits for both directions to complete or for context cancellation before returning.
-// Both connections are closed when the function returns.
-func BidirectionalCopyWithContext(logger *log.Entry, ctx context.Context, conn1, conn2 io.ReadWriteCloser) {
-	done := make(chan struct{}, 2)
-
-	go func() {
-		if _, err := io.Copy(conn2, conn1); err != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(err) {
-			logger.Debugf("copy error (1->2): %v", err)
-		}
-		done <- struct{}{}
-	}()
-
-	go func() {
-		if _, err := io.Copy(conn1, conn2); err != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(err) {
-			logger.Debugf("copy error (2->1): %v", err)
-		}
-		done <- struct{}{}
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-	case <-done:
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-		case <-done:
-		}
-	}
-
-	_ = conn1.Close()
-	_ = conn2.Close()
-}
diff --git a/client/ssh/config/manager.go b/client/ssh/config/manager.go
index 6e584b2c3..e15330739 100644
--- a/client/ssh/config/manager.go
+++ b/client/ssh/config/manager.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package config
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -91,7 +93,8 @@ type Manager struct {
 // PeerSSHInfo represents a peer's SSH configuration information
 type PeerSSHInfo struct {
 	Hostname string
-	IP       string
+	IP       netip.Addr
+	IPv6     netip.Addr
 	FQDN     string
 }
 
@@ -210,14 +213,26 @@ func (m *Manager) buildPeerConfig(allHostPatterns []string) (string, error) {
 
 func (m *Manager) buildHostPatterns(peer PeerSSHInfo) []string {
 	var hostPatterns []string
-	if peer.IP != "" {
-		hostPatterns = append(hostPatterns, peer.IP)
+	if peer.IP.IsValid() {
+		hostPatterns = append(hostPatterns, peer.IP.String())
 	}
-	if peer.FQDN != "" {
+	if peer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+		hostPatterns = append(hostPatterns, peer.IPv6.String())
+	}
+	// Peer FQDNs and hostnames originate from remote peers, so they must be
+	// validated as plain DNS names before being embedded in the ssh_config
+	// "Match host" pattern list. This prevents injection of arbitrary
+	// ssh_config directives via embedded quotes, whitespace, newlines, the
+	// comma pattern separator, or the "*"/"?" pattern metacharacters.
+	if domain.IsValidDomainNoWildcard(peer.FQDN) {
 		hostPatterns = append(hostPatterns, peer.FQDN)
+	} else if peer.FQDN != "" {
+		log.Warnf("skipping peer FQDN with invalid characters in SSH config: %q", peer.FQDN)
 	}
-	if peer.Hostname != "" && peer.Hostname != peer.FQDN {
+	if peer.Hostname != peer.FQDN && domain.IsValidDomainNoWildcard(peer.Hostname) {
 		hostPatterns = append(hostPatterns, peer.Hostname)
+	} else if peer.Hostname != "" && peer.Hostname != peer.FQDN {
+		log.Warnf("skipping peer hostname with invalid characters in SSH config: %q", peer.Hostname)
 	}
 	return hostPatterns
 }
@@ -229,8 +244,30 @@ func (m *Manager) writeSSHConfig(sshConfig string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create SSH config directory %s: %w", m.sshConfigDir, err)
 	}
 
-	if err := writeFileWithTimeout(sshConfigPath, []byte(sshConfig), 0644); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("write SSH config file %s: %w", sshConfigPath, err)
+	tmp, err := os.CreateTemp(m.sshConfigDir, m.sshConfigFile+".*.tmp")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create temp SSH config: %w", err)
+	}
+	tmpPath := tmp.Name()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := os.Remove(tmpPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			log.Debugf("remove temp SSH config %s: %v", tmpPath, err)
+		}
+	}()
+	if err := tmp.Close(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("close temp SSH config %s: %w", tmpPath, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := writeFileWithTimeout(tmpPath, []byte(sshConfig), 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write SSH config file %s: %w", tmpPath, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Chmod(tmpPath, 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("chmod SSH config file %s: %w", tmpPath, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, sshConfigPath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rename SSH config %s -> %s: %w", tmpPath, sshConfigPath, err)
 	}
 
 	log.Infof("Created NetBird SSH client config: %s", sshConfigPath)
diff --git a/client/ssh/config/manager_test.go b/client/ssh/config/manager_test.go
index e7380c7f2..f65d0ba6d 100644
--- a/client/ssh/config/manager_test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/config/manager_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package config
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
@@ -28,12 +29,12 @@ func TestManager_SetupSSHClientConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	peers := []PeerSSHInfo{
 		{
 			Hostname: "peer1",
-			IP:       "100.125.1.1",
+			IP:       netip.MustParseAddr("100.125.1.1"),
 			FQDN:     "peer1.nb.internal",
 		},
 		{
 			Hostname: "peer2",
-			IP:       "100.125.1.2",
+			IP:       netip.MustParseAddr("100.125.1.2"),
 			FQDN:     "peer2.nb.internal",
 		},
 	}
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ func TestManager_PeerLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < MaxPeersForSSHConfig+10; i++ {
 		peers = append(peers, PeerSSHInfo{
 			Hostname: fmt.Sprintf("peer%d", i),
-			IP:       fmt.Sprintf("100.125.1.%d", i%254+1),
+			IP:       netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("100.125.1.%d", i%254+1)),
 			FQDN:     fmt.Sprintf("peer%d.nb.internal", i),
 		})
 	}
@@ -127,8 +128,8 @@ func TestManager_MatchHostFormat(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	peers := []PeerSSHInfo{
-		{Hostname: "peer1", IP: "100.125.1.1", FQDN: "peer1.nb.internal"},
-		{Hostname: "peer2", IP: "100.125.1.2", FQDN: "peer2.nb.internal"},
+		{Hostname: "peer1", IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.125.1.1"), FQDN: "peer1.nb.internal"},
+		{Hostname: "peer2", IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.125.1.2"), FQDN: "peer2.nb.internal"},
 	}
 
 	err = manager.SetupSSHClientConfig(peers)
@@ -147,6 +148,45 @@ func TestManager_MatchHostFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		"should use Match host with comma-separated patterns")
 }
 
+func TestManager_HostPatternInjection(t *testing.T) {
+	tempDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "netbird-ssh-config-test")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { assert.NoError(t, os.RemoveAll(tempDir)) }()
+
+	manager := &Manager{
+		sshConfigDir:  filepath.Join(tempDir, "ssh_config.d"),
+		sshConfigFile: "99-netbird.conf",
+	}
+
+	// A malicious peer FQDN/hostname attempts to break out of the Match host
+	// directive and inject arbitrary ssh_config (a ProxyCommand executing a
+	// command). It must be rejected, not written to the config.
+	peers := []PeerSSHInfo{
+		{
+			Hostname: "evil\"\n    ProxyCommand touch /tmp/pwned\nHost x",
+			IP:       netip.MustParseAddr("100.125.1.1"),
+			FQDN:     "evil\"\n    ProxyCommand touch /tmp/pwned\nHost x.nb.internal",
+		},
+		{Hostname: "peer2", IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.125.1.2"), FQDN: "peer2.nb.internal"},
+	}
+
+	err = manager.SetupSSHClientConfig(peers)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(manager.sshConfigDir, manager.sshConfigFile)
+	content, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	configStr := string(content)
+
+	assert.NotContains(t, configStr, "ProxyCommand touch /tmp/pwned",
+		"injected directive must not appear in generated config")
+	assert.NotContains(t, configStr, "evil",
+		"malicious pattern must be dropped entirely")
+	// The valid peer must still be present, on a single Match host line.
+	assert.Contains(t, configStr, "Match host \"100.125.1.1,100.125.1.2,peer2.nb.internal,peer2\"",
+		"valid peers must survive, injected patterns dropped")
+}
+
 func TestManager_ForcedSSHConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	// Set force environment variable
 	t.Setenv(EnvForceSSHConfig, "true")
@@ -167,7 +207,7 @@ func TestManager_ForcedSSHConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	for i := 0; i < MaxPeersForSSHConfig+10; i++ {
 		peers = append(peers, PeerSSHInfo{
 			Hostname: fmt.Sprintf("peer%d", i),
-			IP:       fmt.Sprintf("100.125.1.%d", i%254+1),
+			IP:       netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("100.125.1.%d", i%254+1)),
 			FQDN:     fmt.Sprintf("peer%d.nb.internal", i),
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/client/ssh/handshake.go b/client/ssh/handshake.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a718748df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/handshake.go
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package ssh
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+// Handshake runs the SSH client handshake on an already dialed conn and
+// returns the resulting client. Dialing bounds only the TCP establishment;
+// a peer that accepts and then goes silent would block the handshake forever,
+// so conn is closed as soon as ctx is done, which unblocks the handshake and
+// surfaces the context error. conn is closed on any error.
+func Handshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, addr string, config *ssh.ClientConfig) (*ssh.Client, error) {
+	stop := context.AfterFunc(ctx, func() { closeHandshake(conn, "conn on context done") })
+
+	sshConn, chans, reqs, err := ssh.NewClientConn(conn, addr, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		if stop() {
+			closeHandshake(conn, "conn after handshake error")
+		}
+		return nil, handshakeError(ctx, err)
+	}
+
+	if !stop() {
+		closeHandshake(sshConn, "ssh conn after context done")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w", ctx.Err())
+	}
+
+	return ssh.NewClient(sshConn, chans, reqs), nil
+}
+
+func closeHandshake(c io.Closer, label string) {
+	if err := c.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("ssh: close %s: %v", label, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func handshakeError(ctx context.Context, err error) error {
+	if ctxErr := ctx.Err(); ctxErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w: %w", ctxErr, err)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("ssh handshake: %w", err)
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/handshake_test.go b/client/ssh/handshake_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77a6f916b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/handshake_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package ssh
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+func TestHandshake_ContextDeadlineWrapped(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := dialSilentServer(t)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 50*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err := Handshake(ctx, conn, conn.RemoteAddr().String(), testClientConfig())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.True(t, errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded), "expected context.DeadlineExceeded, got: %v", err)
+}
+
+func TestHandshake_ContextCancelUnblocks(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := dialSilentServer(t)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	time.AfterFunc(50*time.Millisecond, cancel)
+
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, err := Handshake(ctx, conn, conn.RemoteAddr().String(), testClientConfig())
+		errCh <- err
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-errCh:
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		require.True(t, errors.Is(err, context.Canceled), "expected context.Canceled, got: %v", err)
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("handshake did not return after context cancellation")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHandshake_NonContextErrorNotWrapped(t *testing.T) {
+	conn := dialSilentServer(t)
+	require.NoError(t, conn.Close())
+
+	_, err := Handshake(context.Background(), conn, conn.RemoteAddr().String(), testClientConfig())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.False(t, errors.Is(err, context.Canceled))
+	require.False(t, errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded))
+}
+
+func testClientConfig() *ssh.ClientConfig {
+	return &ssh.ClientConfig{
+		User:            "test",
+		HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+	}
+}
+
+// dialSilentServer returns a client conn to a server that accepts and never
+// sends anything, so the SSH handshake blocks until the context is done.
+func dialSilentServer(t *testing.T) net.Conn {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = listener.Close() })
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	t.Cleanup(func() { close(done) })
+
+	go func() {
+		c, err := listener.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = c.Close() }()
+		<-done
+	}()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", listener.Addr().String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	return conn
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/proxy/proxy.go b/client/ssh/proxy/proxy.go
index 59007f75c..070515b57 100644
--- a/client/ssh/proxy/proxy.go
+++ b/client/ssh/proxy/proxy.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -17,12 +16,13 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/detection"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/netrelay"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ type SSHProxy struct {
 }
 
 func New(daemonAddr, targetHost string, targetPort int, stderr io.Writer, browserOpener func(string) error) (*SSHProxy, error) {
-	grpcAddr := strings.TrimPrefix(daemonAddr, "tcp://")
-	grpcConn, err := grpc.NewClient(grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	target, opts := daemonaddr.DialTarget(daemonAddr)
+	grpcConn, err := grpc.NewClient(target, opts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to daemon: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) directTCPIPHandler(_ *ssh.Server, _ *cryptossh.ServerConn, ne
 		return
 	}
 
-	dest := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", payload.DestAddr, payload.DestPort)
+	dest := net.JoinHostPort(payload.DestAddr, strconv.Itoa(int(payload.DestPort)))
 	log.Debugf("local port forwarding: %s", dest)
 
 	backendClient, err := p.getOrCreateBackendClient(sshCtx, sshCtx.User())
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) directTCPIPHandler(_ *ssh.Server, _ *cryptossh.ServerConn, ne
 	}
 	go cryptossh.DiscardRequests(clientReqs)
 
-	nbssh.BidirectionalCopyWithContext(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), sshCtx, clientChan, backendChan)
+	netrelay.Relay(sshCtx, clientChan, backendChan, netrelay.Options{Logger: log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger())})
 }
 
 func (p *SSHProxy) sftpSubsystemHandler(s ssh.Session, jwtToken string) {
@@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) handleForwardedChannel(sshCtx ssh.Context, sshConn *cryptossh
 	}
 	go cryptossh.DiscardRequests(clientReqs)
 
-	nbssh.BidirectionalCopyWithContext(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), sshCtx, clientChan, backendChan)
+	netrelay.Relay(sshCtx, clientChan, backendChan, netrelay.Options{Logger: log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger())})
 }
 
 func (p *SSHProxy) dialBackend(ctx context.Context, addr, user, jwtToken string) (*cryptossh.Client, error) {
@@ -610,13 +610,10 @@ func (p *SSHProxy) dialBackend(ctx context.Context, addr, user, jwtToken string)
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to server: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	clientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(conn, addr, config)
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = conn.Close()
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("SSH handshake: %w", err)
-	}
+	handshakeCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, sshHandshakeTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
 
-	return cryptossh.NewClient(clientConn, chans, reqs), nil
+	return nbssh.Handshake(handshakeCtx, conn, addr, config)
 }
 
 func (p *SSHProxy) verifyHostKey(hostname string, remote net.Addr, key cryptossh.PublicKey) error {
diff --git a/client/ssh/proxy/proxy_privileged_test.go b/client/ssh/proxy/proxy_privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94495a3ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/proxy/proxy_privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/rsa"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"math/big"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+
+	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	sshauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/testutil"
+	nbjwt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
+	sshuserhash "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
+)
+
+func (m *mockDaemon) setJWTToken(token string) {
+	m.impl.jwtToken = token
+}
+
+func TestSSHProxy_Connect(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("Skipping integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	// TODO: Windows test times out - user switching and command execution tested on Linux
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping on Windows - covered by Linux tests")
+	}
+
+	const (
+		issuer   = "https://test-issuer.example.com"
+		audience = "test-audience"
+	)
+
+	jwksServer, privateKey, jwksURL := setupJWKSServer(t)
+	defer jwksServer.Close()
+
+	hostKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	hostPubKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePublicKey(hostKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serverConfig := &server.Config{
+		HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
+		JWT: &server.JWTConfig{
+			Issuer:       issuer,
+			Audiences:    []string{audience},
+			KeysLocation: jwksURL,
+		},
+	}
+	sshServer := server.New(serverConfig)
+	sshServer.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
+
+	// Configure SSH authorization for the test user
+	testUsername := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+	testJWTUser := "test-username"
+	testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(testJWTUser)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			testUsername: {0}, // Index 0 in AuthorizedUsers
+		},
+	}
+	sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
+
+	sshServerAddr := server.StartTestServer(t, sshServer)
+	defer func() { _ = sshServer.Stop() }()
+
+	mockDaemon := startMockDaemon(t)
+	defer mockDaemon.stop()
+
+	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(sshServerAddr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mockDaemon.setHostKey(host, hostPubKey)
+
+	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience, testJWTUser)
+	mockDaemon.setJWTToken(validToken)
+
+	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, io.Discard, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	clientConn, proxyConn := net.Pipe()
+	defer func() { _ = clientConn.Close() }()
+
+	origStdin := os.Stdin
+	origStdout := os.Stdout
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdin = origStdin
+		os.Stdout = origStdout
+	}()
+
+	stdinReader, stdinWriter, err := os.Pipe()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	stdoutReader, stdoutWriter, err := os.Pipe()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	os.Stdin = stdinReader
+	os.Stdout = stdoutWriter
+
+	go func() {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(stdinWriter, proxyConn)
+	}()
+	go func() {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(proxyConn, stdoutReader)
+	}()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	connectErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		connectErrCh <- proxyInstance.Connect(ctx)
+	}()
+
+	sshConfig := &cryptossh.ClientConfig{
+		User:            testutil.GetTestUsername(t),
+		Auth:            []cryptossh.AuthMethod{},
+		HostKeyCallback: cryptossh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+		Timeout:         3 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	sshClientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(clientConn, "test", sshConfig)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should connect to proxy server")
+	defer func() { _ = sshClientConn.Close() }()
+
+	sshClient := cryptossh.NewClient(sshClientConn, chans, reqs)
+
+	session, err := sshClient.NewSession()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create session through full proxy to backend")
+
+	outputCh := make(chan []byte, 1)
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		output, err := session.Output("echo hello-from-proxy")
+		outputCh <- output
+		errCh <- err
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case output := <-outputCh:
+		err := <-errCh
+		require.NoError(t, err, "Command should execute successfully through proxy")
+		assert.Contains(t, string(output), "hello-from-proxy", "Should receive command output through proxy")
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Command execution timed out")
+	}
+
+	_ = session.Close()
+	_ = sshClient.Close()
+	_ = clientConn.Close()
+	cancel()
+}
+
+// TestSSHProxy_CommandQuoting verifies that the proxy preserves shell quoting
+// when forwarding commands to the backend. This is critical for tools like
+// Ansible that send commands such as:
+//
+//	/bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p ... ) && sleep 0'
+//
+// The single quotes must be preserved so the backend shell receives the
+// subshell expression as a single argument to -c.
+func TestSSHProxy_CommandQuoting(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("Skipping integration test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	sshClient, cleanup := setupProxySSHClient(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// These commands simulate what the SSH protocol delivers as exec payloads.
+	// When a user types: ssh host '/bin/sh -c "( echo hello )"'
+	// the local shell strips the outer single quotes, and the SSH exec request
+	// contains the raw string: /bin/sh -c "( echo hello )"
+	//
+	// The proxy must forward this string verbatim. Using session.Command()
+	// (shlex.Split + strings.Join) strips the inner double quotes, breaking
+	// the command on the backend.
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		command string
+		expect  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "subshell_in_double_quotes",
+			command: `/bin/sh -c "( echo from-subshell ) && echo outer"`,
+			expect:  "from-subshell\nouter\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "printf_with_special_chars",
+			command: `/bin/sh -c "printf '%s\n' 'hello world'"`,
+			expect:  "hello world\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "nested_command_substitution",
+			command: `/bin/sh -c "echo $(echo nested)"`,
+			expect:  "nested\n",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			session, err := sshClient.NewSession()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			defer func() { _ = session.Close() }()
+
+			var stderrBuf bytes.Buffer
+			session.Stderr = &stderrBuf
+
+			outputCh := make(chan []byte, 1)
+			errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() {
+				output, err := session.Output(tc.command)
+				outputCh <- output
+				errCh <- err
+			}()
+
+			select {
+			case output := <-outputCh:
+				err := <-errCh
+				if stderrBuf.Len() > 0 {
+					t.Logf("stderr: %s", stderrBuf.String())
+				}
+				require.NoError(t, err, "command should succeed: %s", tc.command)
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, string(output), "output mismatch for: %s", tc.command)
+			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+				t.Fatalf("command timed out: %s", tc.command)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// setupProxySSHClient creates a full proxy test environment and returns
+// an SSH client connected through the proxy to a backend NetBird SSH server.
+func setupProxySSHClient(t *testing.T) (*cryptossh.Client, func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	const (
+		issuer   = "https://test-issuer.example.com"
+		audience = "test-audience"
+	)
+
+	jwksServer, privateKey, jwksURL := setupJWKSServer(t)
+
+	hostKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	hostPubKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePublicKey(hostKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serverConfig := &server.Config{
+		HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
+		JWT: &server.JWTConfig{
+			Issuer:       issuer,
+			Audiences:    []string{audience},
+			KeysLocation: jwksURL,
+		},
+	}
+	sshServer := server.New(serverConfig)
+	sshServer.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
+
+	testUsername := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
+	testJWTUser := "test-username"
+	testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(testJWTUser)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
+		UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
+		AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
+		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
+			testUsername: {0},
+		},
+	}
+	sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
+
+	sshServerAddr := server.StartTestServer(t, sshServer)
+
+	mockDaemon := startMockDaemon(t)
+
+	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(sshServerAddr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mockDaemon.setHostKey(host, hostPubKey)
+
+	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience, testJWTUser)
+	mockDaemon.setJWTToken(validToken)
+
+	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, io.Discard, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	origStdin := os.Stdin
+	origStdout := os.Stdout
+
+	stdinReader, stdinWriter, err := os.Pipe()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	stdoutReader, stdoutWriter, err := os.Pipe()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	os.Stdin = stdinReader
+	os.Stdout = stdoutWriter
+
+	clientConn, proxyConn := net.Pipe()
+
+	go func() { _, _ = io.Copy(stdinWriter, proxyConn) }()
+	go func() { _, _ = io.Copy(proxyConn, stdoutReader) }()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+
+	go func() {
+		_ = proxyInstance.Connect(ctx)
+	}()
+
+	sshConfig := &cryptossh.ClientConfig{
+		User:            testutil.GetTestUsername(t),
+		Auth:            []cryptossh.AuthMethod{},
+		HostKeyCallback: cryptossh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
+		Timeout:         5 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	sshClientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(clientConn, "test", sshConfig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	client := cryptossh.NewClient(sshClientConn, chans, reqs)
+
+	cleanupFn := func() {
+		_ = client.Close()
+		_ = clientConn.Close()
+		cancel()
+		os.Stdin = origStdin
+		os.Stdout = origStdout
+		_ = sshServer.Stop()
+		mockDaemon.stop()
+		jwksServer.Close()
+	}
+
+	return client, cleanupFn
+}
+
+func setupJWKSServer(t *testing.T) (*httptest.Server, *rsa.PrivateKey, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	privateKey, jwksJSON := generateTestJWKS(t)
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		if _, err := w.Write(jwksJSON); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		}
+	}))
+
+	return server, privateKey, server.URL
+}
+
+func generateTestJWKS(t *testing.T) (*rsa.PrivateKey, []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+	privateKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	publicKey := &privateKey.PublicKey
+	n := publicKey.N.Bytes()
+	e := publicKey.E
+
+	jwk := nbjwt.JSONWebKey{
+		Kty: "RSA",
+		Kid: "test-key-id",
+		Use: "sig",
+		N:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(n),
+		E:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(big.NewInt(int64(e)).Bytes()),
+	}
+
+	jwks := nbjwt.Jwks{
+		Keys: []nbjwt.JSONWebKey{jwk},
+	}
+
+	jwksJSON, err := json.Marshal(jwks)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return privateKey, jwksJSON
+}
+
+func generateValidJWT(t *testing.T, privateKey *rsa.PrivateKey, issuer, audience string, user string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	claims := jwt.MapClaims{
+		"iss": issuer,
+		"aud": audience,
+		"sub": user,
+		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),
+		"iat": time.Now().Unix(),
+	}
+
+	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodRS256, claims)
+	token.Header["kid"] = "test-key-id"
+
+	tokenString, err := token.SignedString(privateKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return tokenString
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/proxy/proxy_test.go b/client/ssh/proxy/proxy_test.go
index b33d5f8f4..2795c786b 100644
--- a/client/ssh/proxy/proxy_test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/proxy/proxy_test.go
@@ -1,25 +1,12 @@
 package proxy
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"crypto/rsa"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"math/big"
 	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
-	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
@@ -28,11 +15,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
 	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
-	sshauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/testutil"
-	nbjwt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
-	sshuserhash "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
 )
 
 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
@@ -106,331 +89,6 @@ func TestSSHProxy_verifyHostKey(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-func TestSSHProxy_Connect(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("Skipping integration test in short mode")
-	}
-
-	// TODO: Windows test times out - user switching and command execution tested on Linux
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		t.Skip("Skipping on Windows - covered by Linux tests")
-	}
-
-	const (
-		issuer   = "https://test-issuer.example.com"
-		audience = "test-audience"
-	)
-
-	jwksServer, privateKey, jwksURL := setupJWKSServer(t)
-	defer jwksServer.Close()
-
-	hostKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	hostPubKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePublicKey(hostKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	serverConfig := &server.Config{
-		HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
-		JWT: &server.JWTConfig{
-			Issuer:       issuer,
-			Audiences:    []string{audience},
-			KeysLocation: jwksURL,
-		},
-	}
-	sshServer := server.New(serverConfig)
-	sshServer.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
-
-	// Configure SSH authorization for the test user
-	testUsername := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
-	testJWTUser := "test-username"
-	testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(testJWTUser)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
-		UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
-		AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
-		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
-			testUsername: {0}, // Index 0 in AuthorizedUsers
-		},
-	}
-	sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
-
-	sshServerAddr := server.StartTestServer(t, sshServer)
-	defer func() { _ = sshServer.Stop() }()
-
-	mockDaemon := startMockDaemon(t)
-	defer mockDaemon.stop()
-
-	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(sshServerAddr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	mockDaemon.setHostKey(host, hostPubKey)
-
-	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience, testJWTUser)
-	mockDaemon.setJWTToken(validToken)
-
-	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, io.Discard, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	clientConn, proxyConn := net.Pipe()
-	defer func() { _ = clientConn.Close() }()
-
-	origStdin := os.Stdin
-	origStdout := os.Stdout
-	defer func() {
-		os.Stdin = origStdin
-		os.Stdout = origStdout
-	}()
-
-	stdinReader, stdinWriter, err := os.Pipe()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	stdoutReader, stdoutWriter, err := os.Pipe()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	os.Stdin = stdinReader
-	os.Stdout = stdoutWriter
-
-	go func() {
-		_, _ = io.Copy(stdinWriter, proxyConn)
-	}()
-	go func() {
-		_, _ = io.Copy(proxyConn, stdoutReader)
-	}()
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	connectErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
-	go func() {
-		connectErrCh <- proxyInstance.Connect(ctx)
-	}()
-
-	sshConfig := &cryptossh.ClientConfig{
-		User:            testutil.GetTestUsername(t),
-		Auth:            []cryptossh.AuthMethod{},
-		HostKeyCallback: cryptossh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
-		Timeout:         3 * time.Second,
-	}
-
-	sshClientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(clientConn, "test", sshConfig)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Should connect to proxy server")
-	defer func() { _ = sshClientConn.Close() }()
-
-	sshClient := cryptossh.NewClient(sshClientConn, chans, reqs)
-
-	session, err := sshClient.NewSession()
-	require.NoError(t, err, "Should create session through full proxy to backend")
-
-	outputCh := make(chan []byte, 1)
-	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
-	go func() {
-		output, err := session.Output("echo hello-from-proxy")
-		outputCh <- output
-		errCh <- err
-	}()
-
-	select {
-	case output := <-outputCh:
-		err := <-errCh
-		require.NoError(t, err, "Command should execute successfully through proxy")
-		assert.Contains(t, string(output), "hello-from-proxy", "Should receive command output through proxy")
-	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Command execution timed out")
-	}
-
-	_ = session.Close()
-	_ = sshClient.Close()
-	_ = clientConn.Close()
-	cancel()
-}
-
-// TestSSHProxy_CommandQuoting verifies that the proxy preserves shell quoting
-// when forwarding commands to the backend. This is critical for tools like
-// Ansible that send commands such as:
-//
-//	/bin/sh -c '( umask 77 && mkdir -p ... ) && sleep 0'
-//
-// The single quotes must be preserved so the backend shell receives the
-// subshell expression as a single argument to -c.
-func TestSSHProxy_CommandQuoting(t *testing.T) {
-	if testing.Short() {
-		t.Skip("Skipping integration test in short mode")
-	}
-
-	sshClient, cleanup := setupProxySSHClient(t)
-	defer cleanup()
-
-	// These commands simulate what the SSH protocol delivers as exec payloads.
-	// When a user types: ssh host '/bin/sh -c "( echo hello )"'
-	// the local shell strips the outer single quotes, and the SSH exec request
-	// contains the raw string: /bin/sh -c "( echo hello )"
-	//
-	// The proxy must forward this string verbatim. Using session.Command()
-	// (shlex.Split + strings.Join) strips the inner double quotes, breaking
-	// the command on the backend.
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		command string
-		expect  string
-	}{
-		{
-			name:    "subshell_in_double_quotes",
-			command: `/bin/sh -c "( echo from-subshell ) && echo outer"`,
-			expect:  "from-subshell\nouter\n",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "printf_with_special_chars",
-			command: `/bin/sh -c "printf '%s\n' 'hello world'"`,
-			expect:  "hello world\n",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "nested_command_substitution",
-			command: `/bin/sh -c "echo $(echo nested)"`,
-			expect:  "nested\n",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			session, err := sshClient.NewSession()
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			defer func() { _ = session.Close() }()
-
-			var stderrBuf bytes.Buffer
-			session.Stderr = &stderrBuf
-
-			outputCh := make(chan []byte, 1)
-			errCh := make(chan error, 1)
-			go func() {
-				output, err := session.Output(tc.command)
-				outputCh <- output
-				errCh <- err
-			}()
-
-			select {
-			case output := <-outputCh:
-				err := <-errCh
-				if stderrBuf.Len() > 0 {
-					t.Logf("stderr: %s", stderrBuf.String())
-				}
-				require.NoError(t, err, "command should succeed: %s", tc.command)
-				assert.Equal(t, tc.expect, string(output), "output mismatch for: %s", tc.command)
-			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-				t.Fatalf("command timed out: %s", tc.command)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-// setupProxySSHClient creates a full proxy test environment and returns
-// an SSH client connected through the proxy to a backend NetBird SSH server.
-func setupProxySSHClient(t *testing.T) (*cryptossh.Client, func()) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	const (
-		issuer   = "https://test-issuer.example.com"
-		audience = "test-audience"
-	)
-
-	jwksServer, privateKey, jwksURL := setupJWKSServer(t)
-
-	hostKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePrivateKey(nbssh.ED25519)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	hostPubKey, err := nbssh.GeneratePublicKey(hostKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	serverConfig := &server.Config{
-		HostKeyPEM: hostKey,
-		JWT: &server.JWTConfig{
-			Issuer:       issuer,
-			Audiences:    []string{audience},
-			KeysLocation: jwksURL,
-		},
-	}
-	sshServer := server.New(serverConfig)
-	sshServer.SetAllowRootLogin(true)
-
-	testUsername := testutil.GetTestUsername(t)
-	testJWTUser := "test-username"
-	testUserHash, err := sshuserhash.HashUserID(testJWTUser)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	authConfig := &sshauth.Config{
-		UserIDClaim:     sshauth.DefaultUserIDClaim,
-		AuthorizedUsers: []sshuserhash.UserIDHash{testUserHash},
-		MachineUsers: map[string][]uint32{
-			testUsername: {0},
-		},
-	}
-	sshServer.UpdateSSHAuth(authConfig)
-
-	sshServerAddr := server.StartTestServer(t, sshServer)
-
-	mockDaemon := startMockDaemon(t)
-
-	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(sshServerAddr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	mockDaemon.setHostKey(host, hostPubKey)
-
-	validToken := generateValidJWT(t, privateKey, issuer, audience, testJWTUser)
-	mockDaemon.setJWTToken(validToken)
-
-	proxyInstance, err := New(mockDaemon.addr, host, port, io.Discard, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	origStdin := os.Stdin
-	origStdout := os.Stdout
-
-	stdinReader, stdinWriter, err := os.Pipe()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	stdoutReader, stdoutWriter, err := os.Pipe()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	os.Stdin = stdinReader
-	os.Stdout = stdoutWriter
-
-	clientConn, proxyConn := net.Pipe()
-
-	go func() { _, _ = io.Copy(stdinWriter, proxyConn) }()
-	go func() { _, _ = io.Copy(proxyConn, stdoutReader) }()
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
-
-	go func() {
-		_ = proxyInstance.Connect(ctx)
-	}()
-
-	sshConfig := &cryptossh.ClientConfig{
-		User:            testutil.GetTestUsername(t),
-		Auth:            []cryptossh.AuthMethod{},
-		HostKeyCallback: cryptossh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
-		Timeout:         5 * time.Second,
-	}
-
-	sshClientConn, chans, reqs, err := cryptossh.NewClientConn(clientConn, "test", sshConfig)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	client := cryptossh.NewClient(sshClientConn, chans, reqs)
-
-	cleanupFn := func() {
-		_ = client.Close()
-		_ = clientConn.Close()
-		cancel()
-		os.Stdin = origStdin
-		os.Stdout = origStdout
-		_ = sshServer.Stop()
-		mockDaemon.stop()
-		jwksServer.Close()
-	}
-
-	return client, cleanupFn
-}
-
 type mockDaemonServer struct {
 	proto.UnimplementedDaemonServiceServer
 	hostKeys map[string][]byte
@@ -492,10 +150,6 @@ func (m *mockDaemon) setHostKey(addr string, pubKey []byte) {
 	m.impl.hostKeys[addr] = pubKey
 }
 
-func (m *mockDaemon) setJWTToken(token string) {
-	m.impl.jwtToken = token
-}
-
 func (m *mockDaemon) stop() {
 	if m.server != nil {
 		m.server.Stop()
@@ -508,63 +162,3 @@ func mustParsePublicKey(t *testing.T, pubKeyBytes []byte) cryptossh.PublicKey {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return pubKey
 }
-
-func setupJWKSServer(t *testing.T) (*httptest.Server, *rsa.PrivateKey, string) {
-	t.Helper()
-	privateKey, jwksJSON := generateTestJWKS(t)
-
-	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-		if _, err := w.Write(jwksJSON); err != nil {
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
-		}
-	}))
-
-	return server, privateKey, server.URL
-}
-
-func generateTestJWKS(t *testing.T) (*rsa.PrivateKey, []byte) {
-	t.Helper()
-	privateKey, err := rsa.GenerateKey(rand.Reader, 2048)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	publicKey := &privateKey.PublicKey
-	n := publicKey.N.Bytes()
-	e := publicKey.E
-
-	jwk := nbjwt.JSONWebKey{
-		Kty: "RSA",
-		Kid: "test-key-id",
-		Use: "sig",
-		N:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(n),
-		E:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(big.NewInt(int64(e)).Bytes()),
-	}
-
-	jwks := nbjwt.Jwks{
-		Keys: []nbjwt.JSONWebKey{jwk},
-	}
-
-	jwksJSON, err := json.Marshal(jwks)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return privateKey, jwksJSON
-}
-
-func generateValidJWT(t *testing.T, privateKey *rsa.PrivateKey, issuer, audience string, user string) string {
-	t.Helper()
-	claims := jwt.MapClaims{
-		"iss": issuer,
-		"aud": audience,
-		"sub": user,
-		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),
-		"iat": time.Now().Unix(),
-	}
-
-	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodRS256, claims)
-	token.Header["kid"] = "test-key-id"
-
-	tokenString, err := token.SignedString(privateKey)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	return tokenString
-}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/command_execution.go b/client/ssh/server/command_execution.go
index b0a85fe4b..c8b3240d0 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/command_execution.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/command_execution.go
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ func (s *Server) createCommand(logger *log.Entry, privilegeResult PrivilegeCheck
 	}
 
 	// Try su first for system integration (PAM/audit) when privileged
-	cmd, err := s.createSuCommand(logger, session, localUser, hasPty)
-	if err != nil || privilegeResult.UsedFallback {
+	cmd, err := s.createSuCommand(logger, session, localUser, hasPty) //nolint:staticcheck
+	if err != nil || privilegeResult.UsedFallback {                   //nolint:staticcheck // always errors on platforms without su
 		logger.Debugf("su command failed, falling back to executor: %v", err)
 		cmd, cleanup, err := s.createExecutorCommand(logger, session, localUser, hasPty)
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/command_execution_windows.go b/client/ssh/server/command_execution_windows.go
index e1ba777f6..feb8daa26 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/command_execution_windows.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/command_execution_windows.go
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ func (s *Server) setUserEnvironmentVariables(envMap map[string]string, userProfi
 
 // prepareCommandEnv prepares environment variables for command execution on Windows
 func (s *Server) prepareCommandEnv(logger *log.Entry, localUser *user.User, session ssh.Session) []string {
-	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, domain := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 	userEnv, err := s.getUserEnvironment(logger, username, domain)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to get user environment for %s\\%s, using fallback: %v", domain, username, err)
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ func (s *Server) executeCommandWithPty(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, _
 		return false
 	}
 
-	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, domain := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 	shell := getUserShell(localUser.Uid)
 
 	req := PtyExecutionRequest{
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/executor_unix_privileged_test.go b/client/ssh/server/executor_unix_privileged_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1b0805d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/server/executor_unix_privileged_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//go:build unix && privileged
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPrivilegeDropper_CreateExecutorCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	pd := NewPrivilegeDropper()
+
+	config := ExecutorConfig{
+		UID:        1000,
+		GID:        1000,
+		Groups:     []uint32{1000, 1001},
+		WorkingDir: "/home/testuser",
+		Shell:      "/bin/bash",
+		Command:    "ls -la",
+	}
+
+	cmd, err := pd.CreateExecutorCommand(context.Background(), config)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cmd)
+
+	// Verify the command is calling netbird ssh exec
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "ssh")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "exec")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--uid")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--gid")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--groups")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1001")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--working-dir")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "/home/testuser")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--shell")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "/bin/bash")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--cmd")
+	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "ls -la")
+}
+
+func TestPrivilegeDropper_CreateExecutorCommandInteractive(t *testing.T) {
+	pd := NewPrivilegeDropper()
+
+	config := ExecutorConfig{
+		UID:        1000,
+		GID:        1000,
+		Groups:     []uint32{1000},
+		WorkingDir: "/home/testuser",
+		Shell:      "/bin/bash",
+		Command:    "",
+	}
+
+	cmd, err := pd.CreateExecutorCommand(context.Background(), config)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, cmd)
+
+	// Verify no command mode (command is empty so no --cmd flag)
+	assert.NotContains(t, cmd.Args, "--cmd")
+	assert.NotContains(t, cmd.Args, "--interactive")
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/executor_unix_test.go b/client/ssh/server/executor_unix_test.go
index 0c5108f57..171e78b83 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/executor_unix_test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/executor_unix_test.go
@@ -73,61 +73,6 @@ func TestPrivilegeDropper_ValidatePrivileges(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestPrivilegeDropper_CreateExecutorCommand(t *testing.T) {
-	pd := NewPrivilegeDropper()
-
-	config := ExecutorConfig{
-		UID:        1000,
-		GID:        1000,
-		Groups:     []uint32{1000, 1001},
-		WorkingDir: "/home/testuser",
-		Shell:      "/bin/bash",
-		Command:    "ls -la",
-	}
-
-	cmd, err := pd.CreateExecutorCommand(context.Background(), config)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cmd)
-
-	// Verify the command is calling netbird ssh exec
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "ssh")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "exec")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--uid")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--gid")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--groups")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1000")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "1001")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--working-dir")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "/home/testuser")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--shell")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "/bin/bash")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "--cmd")
-	assert.Contains(t, cmd.Args, "ls -la")
-}
-
-func TestPrivilegeDropper_CreateExecutorCommandInteractive(t *testing.T) {
-	pd := NewPrivilegeDropper()
-
-	config := ExecutorConfig{
-		UID:        1000,
-		GID:        1000,
-		Groups:     []uint32{1000},
-		WorkingDir: "/home/testuser",
-		Shell:      "/bin/bash",
-		Command:    "",
-	}
-
-	cmd, err := pd.CreateExecutorCommand(context.Background(), config)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, cmd)
-
-	// Verify no command mode (command is empty so no --cmd flag)
-	assert.NotContains(t, cmd.Args, "--cmd")
-	assert.NotContains(t, cmd.Args, "--interactive")
-}
-
 // TestPrivilegeDropper_ActualPrivilegeDrop tests actual privilege dropping
 // This test requires root privileges and will be skipped if not running as root
 func TestPrivilegeDropper_ActualPrivilegeDrop(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/getent_cgo_unix.go b/client/ssh/server/getent_cgo_unix.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4afbfc627..000000000
--- a/client/ssh/server/getent_cgo_unix.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-//go:build cgo && !osusergo && !windows
-
-package server
-
-import "os/user"
-
-// lookupWithGetent with CGO delegates directly to os/user.Lookup.
-// When CGO is enabled, os/user uses libc (getpwnam_r) which goes through
-// the NSS stack natively. If it fails, the user truly doesn't exist and
-// getent would also fail.
-func lookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
-	return user.Lookup(username)
-}
-
-// currentUserWithGetent with CGO delegates directly to os/user.Current.
-func currentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
-	return user.Current()
-}
-
-// groupIdsWithFallback with CGO delegates directly to user.GroupIds.
-// libc's getgrouplist handles NSS groups natively.
-func groupIdsWithFallback(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
-	return u.GroupIds()
-}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/getent_nocgo_unix.go b/client/ssh/server/getent_nocgo_unix.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 314daae4c..000000000
--- a/client/ssh/server/getent_nocgo_unix.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-//go:build (!cgo || osusergo) && !windows
-
-package server
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"os/user"
-	"strconv"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-// lookupWithGetent looks up a user by name, falling back to getent if os/user fails.
-// Without CGO, os/user only reads /etc/passwd and misses NSS-provided users.
-// getent goes through the host's NSS stack.
-func lookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
-	u, err := user.Lookup(username)
-	if err == nil {
-		return u, nil
-	}
-
-	stdErr := err
-	log.Debugf("os/user.Lookup(%q) failed, trying getent: %v", username, err)
-
-	u, _, getentErr := runGetent(username)
-	if getentErr != nil {
-		log.Debugf("getent fallback for %q also failed: %v", username, getentErr)
-		return nil, stdErr
-	}
-
-	return u, nil
-}
-
-// currentUserWithGetent gets the current user, falling back to getent if os/user fails.
-func currentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
-	u, err := user.Current()
-	if err == nil {
-		return u, nil
-	}
-
-	stdErr := err
-	uid := strconv.Itoa(os.Getuid())
-	log.Debugf("os/user.Current() failed, trying getent with UID %s: %v", uid, err)
-
-	u, _, getentErr := runGetent(uid)
-	if getentErr != nil {
-		return nil, stdErr
-	}
-
-	return u, nil
-}
-
-// groupIdsWithFallback gets group IDs for a user via the id command first,
-// falling back to user.GroupIds().
-// NOTE: unlike lookupWithGetent/currentUserWithGetent which try stdlib first,
-// this intentionally tries `id -G` first because without CGO, user.GroupIds()
-// only reads /etc/group and silently returns incomplete results for NSS users
-// (no error, just missing groups). The id command goes through NSS and returns
-// the full set.
-func groupIdsWithFallback(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
-	ids, err := runIdGroups(u.Username)
-	if err == nil {
-		return ids, nil
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("id -G %q failed, falling back to user.GroupIds(): %v", u.Username, err)
-
-	ids, stdErr := u.GroupIds()
-	if stdErr != nil {
-		return nil, stdErr
-	}
-
-	return ids, nil
-}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/getent_unix.go b/client/ssh/server/getent_unix.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 18edb2fdf..000000000
--- a/client/ssh/server/getent_unix.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !windows
-
-package server
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"os/exec"
-	"os/user"
-	"runtime"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-)
-
-const getentTimeout = 5 * time.Second
-
-// getShellFromGetent gets a user's login shell via getent by UID.
-// This is needed even with CGO because getShellFromPasswd reads /etc/passwd
-// directly and won't find NSS-provided users there.
-func getShellFromGetent(userID string) string {
-	_, shell, err := runGetent(userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return shell
-}
-
-// runGetent executes `getent passwd <query>` and returns the user and login shell.
-func runGetent(query string) (*user.User, string, error) {
-	if !validateGetentInput(query) {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("invalid getent input: %q", query)
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), getentTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "getent", "passwd", query).Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("getent passwd %s: %w", query, err)
-	}
-
-	return parseGetentPasswd(string(out))
-}
-
-// parseGetentPasswd parses getent passwd output: "name:x:uid:gid:gecos:home:shell"
-func parseGetentPasswd(output string) (*user.User, string, error) {
-	fields := strings.SplitN(strings.TrimSpace(output), ":", 8)
-	if len(fields) < 6 {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected getent output (need 6+ fields): %q", output)
-	}
-
-	if fields[0] == "" || fields[2] == "" || fields[3] == "" {
-		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("missing required fields in getent output: %q", output)
-	}
-
-	var shell string
-	if len(fields) >= 7 {
-		shell = fields[6]
-	}
-
-	return &user.User{
-		Username: fields[0],
-		Uid:      fields[2],
-		Gid:      fields[3],
-		Name:     fields[4],
-		HomeDir:  fields[5],
-	}, shell, nil
-}
-
-// validateGetentInput checks that the input is safe to pass to getent or id.
-// Allows POSIX usernames, numeric UIDs, and common NSS extensions
-// (@ for Kerberos, $ for Samba, + for NIS compat).
-func validateGetentInput(input string) bool {
-	maxLen := 32
-	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
-		maxLen = 256
-	}
-
-	if len(input) == 0 || len(input) > maxLen {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	for _, r := range input {
-		if isAllowedGetentChar(r) {
-			continue
-		}
-		return false
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
-func isAllowedGetentChar(r rune) bool {
-	if r >= 'a' && r <= 'z' || r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z' || r >= '0' && r <= '9' {
-		return true
-	}
-	switch r {
-	case '.', '_', '-', '@', '+', '$':
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// runIdGroups runs `id -G <username>` and returns the space-separated group IDs.
-func runIdGroups(username string) ([]string, error) {
-	if !validateGetentInput(username) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid username for id command: %q", username)
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), getentTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	out, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "id", "-G", username).Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("id -G %s: %w", username, err)
-	}
-
-	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
-	if trimmed == "" {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("id -G %s: empty output", username)
-	}
-	return strings.Fields(trimmed), nil
-}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/getent_windows.go b/client/ssh/server/getent_windows.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e76b3e8e..000000000
--- a/client/ssh/server/getent_windows.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-//go:build windows
-
-package server
-
-import "os/user"
-
-// lookupWithGetent on Windows just delegates to os/user.Lookup.
-// Windows does not use NSS/getent; its user lookup works without CGO.
-func lookupWithGetent(username string) (*user.User, error) {
-	return user.Lookup(username)
-}
-
-// currentUserWithGetent on Windows just delegates to os/user.Current.
-func currentUserWithGetent() (*user.User, error) {
-	return user.Current()
-}
-
-// getShellFromGetent is a no-op on Windows; shell resolution uses PowerShell detection.
-func getShellFromGetent(_ string) string {
-	return ""
-}
-
-// groupIdsWithFallback on Windows just delegates to u.GroupIds().
-func groupIdsWithFallback(u *user.User) ([]string, error) {
-	return u.GroupIds()
-}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/port_forwarding.go b/client/ssh/server/port_forwarding.go
index e16ff5d46..81d3b9173 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/port_forwarding.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/port_forwarding.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	cryptossh "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
 
-	nbssh "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/netrelay"
 )
 
 const privilegedPortThreshold = 1024
@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ func (s *Server) configurePortForwarding(server *ssh.Server) {
 	server.LocalPortForwardingCallback = func(ctx ssh.Context, dstHost string, dstPort uint32) bool {
 		logger := s.getRequestLogger(ctx)
 		if !allowLocal {
-			logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: disabled", dstHost, dstPort)
+			logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s: disabled", net.JoinHostPort(dstHost, strconv.Itoa(int(dstPort))))
 			return false
 		}
 
 		if err := s.checkPortForwardingPrivileges(ctx, "local", dstPort); err != nil {
-			logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: %v", dstHost, dstPort, err)
+			logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s: %v", net.JoinHostPort(dstHost, strconv.Itoa(int(dstPort))), err)
 			return false
 		}
 
@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ func (s *Server) configurePortForwarding(server *ssh.Server) {
 	server.ReversePortForwardingCallback = func(ctx ssh.Context, bindHost string, bindPort uint32) bool {
 		logger := s.getRequestLogger(ctx)
 		if !allowRemote {
-			logger.Warnf("remote port forwarding denied for %s:%d: disabled", bindHost, bindPort)
+			logger.Warnf("remote port forwarding denied for %s: disabled", net.JoinHostPort(bindHost, strconv.Itoa(int(bindPort))))
 			return false
 		}
 
 		if err := s.checkPortForwardingPrivileges(ctx, "remote", bindPort); err != nil {
-			logger.Warnf("remote port forwarding denied for %s:%d: %v", bindHost, bindPort, err)
+			logger.Warnf("remote port forwarding denied for %s: %v", net.JoinHostPort(bindHost, strconv.Itoa(int(bindPort))), err)
 			return false
 		}
 
@@ -133,7 +133,12 @@ func (s *Server) checkPrivilegedPortAccess(forwardType string, port uint32, resu
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if result.User != nil && isPrivilegedUsername(result.User.Username) {
+	// Only uid 0 may bind below the threshold, which is the kernel's own rule and
+	// is asked directly rather than through isPrivilegedOrUnknown: that helper
+	// reports an account it cannot evaluate as privileged, which is safe for a
+	// refusal and unsafe for a grant such as this one. Windows has returned
+	// above, so Uid here is a Unix uid and never a SID.
+	if result.User != nil && result.User.Uid == "0" {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -183,15 +188,16 @@ func (s *Server) cancelTcpipForwardHandler(ctx ssh.Context, _ *ssh.Server, req *
 		return false, nil
 	}
 
-	key := forwardKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port))
+	hostPort := net.JoinHostPort(payload.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(payload.Port)))
+	key := forwardKey(hostPort)
 	if s.removeRemoteForwardListener(key) {
-		forwardAddr := fmt.Sprintf("-R %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+		forwardAddr := "-R " + hostPort
 		s.removeConnectionPortForward(ctx.RemoteAddr(), forwardAddr)
-		logger.Infof("remote port forwarding cancelled: %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+		logger.Infof("remote port forwarding cancelled: %s", hostPort)
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
-	logger.Warnf("cancel-tcpip-forward failed: no listener found for %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+	logger.Warnf("cancel-tcpip-forward failed: no listener found for %s", net.JoinHostPort(payload.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(payload.Port))))
 	return false, nil
 }
 
@@ -201,7 +207,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleRemoteForwardListener(ctx ssh.Context, ln net.Listener, h
 
 	defer func() {
 		if err := ln.Close(); err != nil {
-			logger.Debugf("remote forward listener close error for %s:%d: %v", host, port, err)
+			logger.Debugf("remote forward listener close error for %s: %v", net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(int(port))), err)
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -230,7 +236,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleRemoteForwardListener(ctx ssh.Context, ln net.Listener, h
 			}
 			go s.handleRemoteForwardConnection(ctx, result.conn, host, port)
 		case <-ctx.Done():
-			logger.Debugf("remote forward listener shutting down for %s:%d", host, port)
+			logger.Debugf("remote forward listener shutting down for %s", net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(int(port))))
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -311,17 +317,17 @@ func (s *Server) setupDirectForward(ctx ssh.Context, logger *log.Entry, sshConn
 		logger.Debugf("tcpip-forward allocated port %d for %s", actualPort, payload.Host)
 	}
 
-	key := forwardKey(fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port))
+	key := forwardKey(net.JoinHostPort(payload.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(payload.Port))))
 	s.storeRemoteForwardListener(key, ln)
 
-	forwardAddr := fmt.Sprintf("-R %s:%d", payload.Host, actualPort)
+	forwardAddr := "-R " + net.JoinHostPort(payload.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(actualPort)))
 	s.addConnectionPortForward(ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr(), forwardAddr)
 	go s.handleRemoteForwardListener(ctx, ln, payload.Host, actualPort)
 
 	response := make([]byte, 4)
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(response, actualPort)
 
-	logger.Infof("remote port forwarding established: %s:%d", payload.Host, actualPort)
+	logger.Infof("remote port forwarding established: %s", net.JoinHostPort(payload.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(actualPort))))
 	return true, response
 }
 
@@ -351,12 +357,12 @@ func (s *Server) handleRemoteForwardConnection(ctx ssh.Context, conn net.Conn, h
 
 	channel, err := s.openForwardChannel(sshConn, host, port, remoteAddr)
 	if err != nil {
-		logger.Debugf("open forward channel for %s:%d: %v", host, port, err)
+		logger.Debugf("open forward channel for %s: %v", net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(int(port))), err)
 		_ = conn.Close()
 		return
 	}
 
-	nbssh.BidirectionalCopyWithContext(logger, ctx, conn, channel)
+	netrelay.Relay(ctx, conn, channel, netrelay.Options{Logger: logger})
 }
 
 // openForwardChannel creates an SSH forwarded-tcpip channel
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/privileges_other.go b/client/ssh/server/privileges_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89440dea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/server/privileges_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package server
+
+// isProcessElevated is only meaningful on Windows; other platforms use the
+// effective UID check in isCurrentProcessPrivileged.
+func isProcessElevated() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+// isWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown is only reachable on Windows. Report
+// privileged on other platforms so a caller refusing privileged accounts fails
+// closed.
+func isWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown(string) bool {
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows.go b/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41ea00fd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+var (
+	netapi32                  = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("netapi32.dll")
+	procNetUserGetLocalGroups = netapi32.NewProc("NetUserGetLocalGroups")
+)
+
+const (
+	// lgIncludeIndirect makes NetUserGetLocalGroups also return local groups
+	// the user belongs to through a global group.
+	lgIncludeIndirect  = 0x1
+	maxPreferredLength = 0xFFFFFFFF
+)
+
+// localGroupUsersInfo0 mirrors LOCALGROUP_USERS_INFO_0.
+type localGroupUsersInfo0 struct {
+	name *uint16
+}
+
+// isProcessElevated reports whether the current process token is elevated
+// (TokenElevation): true for elevated administrators, the built-in
+// Administrator, administrators with UAC disabled, and SYSTEM; false for
+// standard users and administrators running with a UAC-filtered token.
+func isProcessElevated() bool {
+	return windows.GetCurrentProcessToken().IsElevated()
+}
+
+// isWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown reports whether the account is privileged
+// on this machine: a well-known service account, a built-in Administrator
+// (RID 500), or a member of the local Administrators group, directly or through
+// nested groups.
+//
+// An account whose privilege cannot be determined counts as privileged, which
+// is why the name says "or unknown". That is fail-closed for a caller that
+// refuses privileged accounts, and fail-open for a caller that grants something
+// to them, so only the former may use this.
+func isWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown(username string) bool {
+	sid, _, _, err := windows.LookupSID("", username)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("privilege check: SID lookup for %q failed, treating as privileged: %v", username, err)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if isPrivilegedUserSID(sid) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	member, err := isLocalAdminsMember(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("privilege check: cannot determine Administrators membership for %q, treating as privileged: %v", username, err)
+		return true
+	}
+	return member
+}
+
+// isPrivilegedUserSID reports whether the SID itself identifies a privileged
+// principal, without consulting group membership.
+func isPrivilegedUserSID(sid *windows.SID) bool {
+	wellKnown := []windows.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE{
+		windows.WinLocalSystemSid,
+		windows.WinLocalServiceSid,
+		windows.WinNetworkServiceSid,
+		windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid,
+	}
+	for _, sidType := range wellKnown {
+		if sid.IsWellKnown(sidType) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return isBuiltinAdministratorSID(sid)
+}
+
+// isBuiltinAdministratorSID reports whether the SID is a machine or domain
+// built-in Administrator account (S-1-5-21-...-500). RID 500 is reserved for
+// that account; it can be renamed but cannot be removed from the
+// Administrators group.
+func isBuiltinAdministratorSID(sid *windows.SID) bool {
+	if sid.IdentifierAuthority() != windows.SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY {
+		return false
+	}
+	count := sid.SubAuthorityCount()
+	if count < 2 || sid.SubAuthority(0) != 21 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return sid.SubAuthority(uint32(count-1)) == 500
+}
+
+// isLocalAdminsMember reports whether the account is a member of the local
+// Administrators group.
+//
+// Local accounts are checked against the local SAM, which is authoritative for
+// them and, unlike a token, cannot under-report: UAC filters the tokens of
+// local administrators, and a filtered token carries Administrators as
+// deny-only, which a membership check on the token would read as "not a
+// member". Domain accounts are exempt from that filtering, so for them an S4U
+// token is preferred because its group list is LSA's transitive expansion and
+// therefore covers nested and universal groups plus the machine's own local
+// groups. NetUserGetLocalGroups expands only one global-group hop but needs no
+// logon, so it serves as the fallback when no token can be obtained.
+func isLocalAdminsMember(username string) (bool, error) {
+	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("create Administrators SID: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	account, domain := parseUsername(username)
+	if NewPrivilegeDropper().isLocalUser(domain) {
+		return localGroupsContainSID(account, adminSid)
+	}
+
+	member, s4uErr := s4uTokenIsMember(account, domain, adminSid)
+	if s4uErr == nil {
+		return member, nil
+	}
+	log.Debugf("privilege check: S4U membership check for %q failed, falling back to local group enumeration: %v", username, s4uErr)
+
+	member, err = localGroupsContainSID(buildUserCpn(account, domain), adminSid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("S4U check: %w; local group enumeration: %w", s4uErr, err)
+	}
+	return member, nil
+}
+
+// s4uTokenIsMember obtains an S4U token for the account and checks whether the
+// given SID is enabled in it.
+func s4uTokenIsMember(account, domain string, sid *windows.SID) (bool, error) {
+	token, err := generateS4UUserToken(log.NewEntry(log.StandardLogger()), account, domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(token); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close S4U token: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	return windows.Token(token).IsMember(sid)
+}
+
+// localGroupsContainSID reports whether the wanted group is among the local
+// groups the account belongs to, directly or through a global group.
+//
+// The wanted SID is resolved to its group name once and compared against the
+// enumerated names. Well-known SIDs resolve from a static table, so that lookup
+// needs no domain controller, and it keeps the comparison correct for a renamed
+// or localized group because both sides then carry the new name. Resolving each
+// enumerated name back to a SID instead would add a lookup per group that can
+// block until it times out while a domain controller is unreachable, and cannot
+// change the outcome: the names enumerated here are local groups of this
+// machine, whose names are unique, so a name match identifies the group.
+//
+// A failure to resolve the wanted SID is returned rather than reported as
+// "not a member", so a privilege check built on this fails closed.
+func localGroupsContainSID(username string, want *windows.SID) (bool, error) {
+	wantName, _, _, err := want.LookupAccount("")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("resolve group SID %s to a name: %w", want, err)
+	}
+
+	groups, err := netUserGetLocalGroups(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		if strings.EqualFold(group, wantName) {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+// netUserGetLocalGroups returns the names of the local groups the account is a
+// member of, including indirect membership through global groups.
+func netUserGetLocalGroups(username string) ([]string, error) {
+	name16, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("convert username: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var buf *byte
+	var entriesRead, totalEntries uint32
+	status, _, _ := procNetUserGetLocalGroups.Call(
+		0, // local server
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(name16)),
+		0, // level 0: LOCALGROUP_USERS_INFO_0
+		lgIncludeIndirect,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&buf)),
+		maxPreferredLength,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&entriesRead)),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&totalEntries)),
+	)
+	if status != 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NetUserGetLocalGroups for %q: status %d", username, status)
+	}
+	if buf == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := windows.NetApiBufferFree(buf); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("free NetApi buffer: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// MAX_PREFERRED_LENGTH makes the API allocate as much as it needs, so a
+	// short read is not expected. Report it rather than silently returning a
+	// subset of the account's groups.
+	if entriesRead != totalEntries {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NetUserGetLocalGroups for %q returned %d of %d groups", username, entriesRead, totalEntries)
+	}
+
+	entries := unsafe.Slice((*localGroupUsersInfo0)(unsafe.Pointer(buf)), entriesRead)
+	groups := make([]string, 0, entriesRead)
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		groups = append(groups, windows.UTF16PtrToString(entry.name))
+	}
+	return groups, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows_test.go b/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..983fccdf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/server/privileges_windows_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"os/user"
+	"testing"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// filterNormalAccount limits NetUserEnum to normal user accounts.
+const filterNormalAccount = 0x2
+
+// TOKEN_ELEVATION_TYPE values.
+const (
+	tokenElevationTypeDefault = 1
+	tokenElevationTypeFull    = 2
+	tokenElevationTypeLimited = 3
+)
+
+// tokenElevationType reads TokenElevationType from a token.
+func tokenElevationType(token windows.Token) (uint32, error) {
+	var elevationType, returnedLen uint32
+	err := windows.GetTokenInformation(token, windows.TokenElevationType,
+		(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&elevationType)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(elevationType)), &returnedLen)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return elevationType, nil
+}
+
+// userInfo0 mirrors USER_INFO_0.
+type userInfo0 struct {
+	name *uint16
+}
+
+func mustParseSID(t *testing.T, s string) *windows.SID {
+	t.Helper()
+	sid, err := windows.StringToSid(s)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "parse SID %s", s)
+	return sid
+}
+
+// localAccountNames returns the names of the local user accounts.
+func localAccountNames(t *testing.T) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var buf *byte
+	var entriesRead, totalEntries, resume uint32
+	err := windows.NetUserEnum(nil, 0, filterNormalAccount, &buf, maxPreferredLength,
+		&entriesRead, &totalEntries, &resume)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local users")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		require.NoError(t, windows.NetApiBufferFree(buf), "free NetApi buffer")
+	})
+
+	entries := unsafe.Slice((*userInfo0)(unsafe.Pointer(buf)), entriesRead)
+	names := make([]string, 0, entriesRead)
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		names = append(names, windows.UTF16PtrToString(entry.name))
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+// localAccountNameByRID returns the name of the local account carrying the
+// given RID. Accounts such as Administrator and Guest can be renamed and are
+// localized, so tests must not name them literally.
+func localAccountNameByRID(t *testing.T, rid uint32) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	for _, name := range localAccountNames(t) {
+		sid, _, _, err := windows.LookupSID("", name)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if sid.IdentifierAuthority() != windows.SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY {
+			continue
+		}
+		count := sid.SubAuthorityCount()
+		if count < 2 || sid.SubAuthority(0) != 21 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if sid.SubAuthority(uint32(count-1)) == rid {
+			return name
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Fatalf("no local account with RID %d", rid)
+	return ""
+}
+
+// wellKnownAccountName resolves a well-known SID to the qualified account name
+// the local system uses for it, which is localized.
+func wellKnownAccountName(t *testing.T, sidType windows.WELL_KNOWN_SID_TYPE) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	sid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(sidType)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create well-known SID")
+	name, domain, _, err := sid.LookupAccount("")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve %s to an account name", sid)
+	if domain == "" {
+		return name
+	}
+	return domain + `\` + name
+}
+
+func TestIsBuiltinAdministratorSID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		sid  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"machine_administrator", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-500", true},
+		{"domain_administrator", "S-1-5-21-3390233681-4087452608-412898826-500", true},
+		{"regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-1001", false},
+		{"guest_account", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-501", false},
+		{"domain_admins_group", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-512", false},
+		{"system", "S-1-5-18", false},
+		{"administrators_group", "S-1-5-32-544", false},
+		{"non_nt_authority", "S-1-1-0", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isBuiltinAdministratorSID(mustParseSID(t, tt.sid))
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result, "RID 500 detection for %s", tt.sid)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsPrivilegedUserSID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		sid  string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"local_system", "S-1-5-18", true},
+		{"local_service", "S-1-5-19", true},
+		{"network_service", "S-1-5-20", true},
+		{"administrators_group", "S-1-5-32-544", true},
+		{"builtin_administrator", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-500", true},
+		{"regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-1001", false},
+		{"users_group", "S-1-5-32-545", false},
+		{"everyone", "S-1-1-0", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isPrivilegedUserSID(mustParseSID(t, tt.sid))
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result, "SID privilege classification for %s", tt.sid)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		username string
+		want     bool
+	}{
+		{"system", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinLocalSystemSid), true},
+		{"local_service", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinLocalServiceSid), true},
+		{"network_service", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinNetworkServiceSid), true},
+		{"administrators_group", wellKnownAccountName(t, windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid), true},
+		// The built-in Administrator (RID 500) and Guest (RID 501) accounts
+		// exist on every Windows installation, though they may be disabled.
+		{"builtin_administrator", localAccountNameByRID(t, 500), true},
+		{"guest", localAccountNameByRID(t, 501), false},
+		// Unresolvable accounts fail closed.
+		{"nonexistent_user", "netbird-no-such-user", true},
+		{"empty_username", "", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := isWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown(tt.username)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, result, "account privilege classification for %q", tt.username)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsProcessElevated(t *testing.T) {
+	elevated := isProcessElevated()
+
+	// TokenElevationType is a second, independent view of the same token:
+	// Full means elevated and Limited means a filtered administrator, while
+	// Default covers both a standard user and an administrator with no linked
+	// token (UAC off, the built-in Administrator, SYSTEM), so it implies nothing.
+	elevationType, err := tokenElevationType(windows.GetCurrentProcessToken())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read token elevation type")
+
+	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
+
+	// Token(0) makes CheckTokenMembership evaluate the caller's own token. It
+	// counts only enabled SIDs, so a filtered administrator reports false here.
+	member, err := windows.Token(0).IsMember(adminSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "check own Administrators membership")
+
+	t.Logf("elevated=%v elevationType=%d memberOfAdministrators=%v", elevated, elevationType, member)
+
+	switch elevationType {
+	case tokenElevationTypeFull:
+		assert.True(t, elevated, "a token of elevation type Full must report elevated")
+	case tokenElevationTypeLimited:
+		assert.False(t, elevated, "a filtered administrator token must not report elevated")
+	}
+
+	// Administrators enabled in the token means the token wields administrative
+	// rights, which is what elevation reports.
+	if member {
+		assert.True(t, elevated, "token with enabled Administrators membership must report elevated")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestS4UMembershipAgreesWithLocalGroups exercises the S4U token path used
+// for domain accounts. S4U logons need the TCB privilege, so the test runs
+// only as SYSTEM (which is how CI executes the suite). For local accounts the
+// token's Administrators membership must agree with the SAM enumeration.
+func TestS4UMembershipAgreesWithLocalGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	system, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinLocalSystemSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create SYSTEM SID")
+	current, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "get current user")
+	if current.Uid != system.String() {
+		t.Skipf("S4U logon requires SYSTEM (running as %s)", current.Username)
+	}
+
+	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
+
+	checked := 0
+	for _, name := range localAccountNames(t) {
+		viaToken, err := s4uTokenIsMember(name, ".", adminSid)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Disabled or logon-restricted accounts cannot get an S4U logon.
+			t.Logf("skipping %s: %v", name, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		viaSAM, err := localGroupsContainSID(name, adminSid)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", name)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, viaSAM, viaToken, "S4U token and SAM enumeration must agree on Administrators membership for %s", name)
+		checked++
+	}
+	// Ineligible accounts are skipped, so without this the test could report
+	// success while comparing nothing at all.
+	require.Positive(t, checked, "no local account completed an S4U logon, so nothing was compared")
+	t.Logf("checked %d local accounts via S4U", checked)
+}
+
+// TestLocalGroupsContainSID_Administrator checks the positive case against the
+// built-in Administrator, a member of Administrators on every installation.
+func TestLocalGroupsContainSID_Administrator(t *testing.T) {
+	adminSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
+
+	administrator := localAccountNameByRID(t, 500)
+	member, err := localGroupsContainSID(administrator, adminSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", administrator)
+	assert.True(t, member, "%s is a member of the Administrators group", administrator)
+}
+
+// TestLocalGroupsContainSID_UnresolvableGroupFailsClosed covers a wanted SID
+// that resolves to no group: the error must surface rather than being reported
+// as "not a member", so the privilege check treats the account as privileged.
+func TestLocalGroupsContainSID_UnresolvableGroupFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	unknown := mustParseSID(t, "S-1-5-21-1111111111-2222222222-3333333333-4444")
+
+	_, err := localGroupsContainSID(localAccountNameByRID(t, 500), unknown)
+	require.Error(t, err, "must report an error when the wanted group cannot be identified")
+}
+
+func TestLocalGroupsContainSID_Guest(t *testing.T) {
+	guestsSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinGuestsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Guests SID")
+	adminsSid, err := windows.CreateWellKnownSid(windows.WinBuiltinAdministratorsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create Administrators SID")
+
+	guest := localAccountNameByRID(t, 501)
+
+	inGuests, err := localGroupsContainSID(guest, guestsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", guest)
+	assert.True(t, inGuests, "%s is a member of the Guests group", guest)
+
+	inAdmins, err := localGroupsContainSID(guest, adminsSid)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "enumerate local groups for %s", guest)
+	assert.False(t, inAdmins, "%s is not a member of the Administrators group", guest)
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/server.go b/client/ssh/server/server.go
index 82d3b700f..b32da796e 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/server.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/server.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/detection"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/netrelay"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
@@ -52,6 +54,10 @@ const (
 	DefaultJWTMaxTokenAge = 10 * 60
 )
 
+// directTCPIPDialTimeout bounds how long relayDirectTCPIP waits on a dial to
+// the forwarded destination before rejecting the SSH channel.
+const directTCPIPDialTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
 var (
 	ErrPrivilegedUserDisabled = errors.New(msgPrivilegedUserDisabled)
 	ErrUserNotFound           = errors.New("user not found")
@@ -137,10 +143,11 @@ type sessionState struct {
 }
 
 type Server struct {
-	sshServer  *ssh.Server
-	listener   net.Listener
-	mu         sync.RWMutex
-	hostKeyPEM []byte
+	sshServer      *ssh.Server
+	listener       net.Listener
+	extraListeners []net.Listener
+	mu             sync.RWMutex
+	hostKeyPEM     []byte
 
 	// sessions tracks active SSH sessions (shell, command, SFTP).
 	// These are created when a client opens a session channel and requests shell/exec/subsystem.
@@ -190,6 +197,12 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	// HostKey is the SSH server host key in PEM format
 	HostKeyPEM []byte
+
+	// Auth is the fine-grained authorization to open with. Nil starts with an
+	// empty authorizer, which authorizes nobody until UpdateSSHAuth is called.
+	// Setting it here rather than afterwards means the server never accepts a
+	// login before it knows who is allowed.
+	Auth *sshauth.Config
 }
 
 // SessionInfo contains information about an active SSH session
@@ -213,7 +226,11 @@ func New(config *Config) *Server {
 		connections:            make(map[connKey]*connState),
 		jwtEnabled:             config.JWT != nil,
 		jwtConfig:              config.JWT,
-		authorizer:             sshauth.NewAuthorizer(), // Initialize with empty config
+		authorizer:             sshauth.NewAuthorizer(),
+	}
+
+	if config.Auth != nil {
+		s.authorizer.Update(config.Auth)
 	}
 
 	return s
@@ -254,6 +271,35 @@ func (s *Server) Start(ctx context.Context, addr netip.AddrPort) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// AddListener starts serving SSH on an additional address (e.g. IPv6).
+// Must be called after Start.
+func (s *Server) AddListener(ctx context.Context, addr netip.AddrPort) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	srv := s.sshServer
+	if srv == nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return errors.New("SSH server is not running")
+	}
+
+	ln, addrDesc, err := s.createListener(ctx, addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return fmt.Errorf("create listener: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.extraListeners = append(s.extraListeners, ln)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	log.Infof("SSH server also listening on %s", addrDesc)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := srv.Serve(ln); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ssh.ErrServerClosed) {
+			log.Errorf("SSH server error on %s: %v", addrDesc, err)
+		}
+	}()
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *Server) createListener(ctx context.Context, addr netip.AddrPort) (net.Listener, string, error) {
 	if s.netstackNet != nil {
 		ln, err := s.netstackNet.ListenTCPAddrPort(addr)
@@ -291,6 +337,8 @@ func (s *Server) Stop() error {
 	}
 	s.sshServer = nil
 	s.listener = nil
+	extraListeners := s.extraListeners
+	s.extraListeners = nil
 	s.mu.Unlock()
 
 	// Close outside the lock: session handlers need s.mu for unregisterSession.
@@ -298,6 +346,12 @@ func (s *Server) Stop() error {
 		log.Debugf("close SSH server: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	for _, ln := range extraListeners {
+		if err := ln.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close extra SSH listener: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	maps.Clear(s.sessions)
 	maps.Clear(s.pendingAuthJWT)
@@ -417,6 +471,27 @@ func (s *Server) UpdateSSHAuth(config *sshauth.Config) {
 	s.authorizer.Update(config)
 }
 
+// JWTConfig returns the JWT authentication this server was built with, or nil
+// when JWT authentication is disabled.
+func (s *Server) JWTConfig() *JWTConfig {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.jwtConfig
+}
+
+// AuthConfig returns the fine-grained authorization currently in force, or nil
+// when the server has no authorizer.
+func (s *Server) AuthConfig() *sshauth.Config {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	authorizer := s.authorizer
+	s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if authorizer == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return authorizer.Config()
+}
+
 // ensureJWTValidator initializes the JWT validator and extractor if not already initialized
 func (s *Server) ensureJWTValidator() error {
 	s.mu.RLock()
@@ -749,11 +824,10 @@ func (s *Server) findSessionKeyByContext(ctx ssh.Context) sessionKey {
 
 func (s *Server) connectionValidator(_ ssh.Context, conn net.Conn) net.Conn {
 	s.mu.RLock()
-	netbirdNetwork := s.wgAddress.Network
-	localIP := s.wgAddress.IP
+	wgAddr := s.wgAddress
 	s.mu.RUnlock()
 
-	if !netbirdNetwork.IsValid() || !localIP.IsValid() {
+	if !wgAddr.Network.IsValid() || !wgAddr.IP.IsValid() {
 		return conn
 	}
 
@@ -769,14 +843,17 @@ func (s *Server) connectionValidator(_ ssh.Context, conn net.Conn) net.Conn {
 		log.Warnf("SSH connection rejected: invalid remote IP %s", tcpAddr.IP)
 		return nil
 	}
+	remoteIP = remoteIP.Unmap()
 
 	// Block connections from our own IP (prevent local apps from connecting to ourselves)
-	if remoteIP == localIP {
+	if remoteIP == wgAddr.IP || wgAddr.IPv6.IsValid() && remoteIP == wgAddr.IPv6 {
 		log.Warnf("SSH connection rejected from own IP %s", remoteIP)
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if !netbirdNetwork.Contains(remoteIP) {
+	inV4 := wgAddr.Network.Contains(remoteIP)
+	inV6 := wgAddr.IPv6Net.IsValid() && wgAddr.IPv6Net.Contains(remoteIP)
+	if !inV4 && !inV6 {
 		log.Warnf("SSH connection rejected from non-NetBird IP %s", remoteIP)
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -876,20 +953,45 @@ func (s *Server) directTCPIPHandler(srv *ssh.Server, conn *cryptossh.ServerConn,
 	s.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if !allowLocal {
-		logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: disabled", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+		logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s: disabled", net.JoinHostPort(payload.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(payload.Port))))
 		_ = newChan.Reject(cryptossh.Prohibited, "local port forwarding disabled")
 		return
 	}
 
 	if err := s.checkPortForwardingPrivileges(ctx, "local", payload.Port); err != nil {
-		logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s:%d: %v", payload.Host, payload.Port, err)
+		logger.Warnf("local port forwarding denied for %s: %v", net.JoinHostPort(payload.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(payload.Port))), err)
 		_ = newChan.Reject(cryptossh.Prohibited, "insufficient privileges")
 		return
 	}
 
-	forwardAddr := fmt.Sprintf("-L %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+	hostPort := net.JoinHostPort(payload.Host, strconv.Itoa(int(payload.Port)))
+	forwardAddr := "-L " + hostPort
 	s.addConnectionPortForward(ctx.User(), ctx.RemoteAddr(), forwardAddr)
-	logger.Infof("local port forwarding: %s:%d", payload.Host, payload.Port)
+	logger.Infof("local port forwarding: %s", hostPort)
 
-	ssh.DirectTCPIPHandler(srv, conn, newChan, ctx)
+	s.relayDirectTCPIP(ctx, newChan, payload.Host, int(payload.Port), logger)
+}
+
+// relayDirectTCPIP is a netrelay-based replacement for gliderlabs'
+// DirectTCPIPHandler. The upstream handler closes both sides on the first
+// EOF; netrelay.Relay propagates CloseWrite so each direction drains on its
+// own terms.
+func (s *Server) relayDirectTCPIP(ctx ssh.Context, newChan cryptossh.NewChannel, host string, port int, logger *log.Entry) {
+	dest := net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(port))
+
+	dialer := net.Dialer{Timeout: directTCPIPDialTimeout}
+	dconn, err := dialer.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", dest)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = newChan.Reject(cryptossh.ConnectionFailed, err.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	ch, reqs, err := newChan.Accept()
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = dconn.Close()
+		return
+	}
+	go cryptossh.DiscardRequests(reqs)
+
+	netrelay.Relay(ctx, dconn, ch, netrelay.Options{Logger: logger})
 }
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/server_config_test.go b/client/ssh/server/server_config_test.go
index f70e29963..983bd7a43 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/server_config_test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/server_config_test.go
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ func TestServer_PrivilegedPortAccess(t *testing.T) {
 		forwardType   string
 		port          uint32
 		username      string
+		uid           string
 		expectError   bool
 		errorMsg      string
 		skipOnWindows bool
@@ -248,6 +249,7 @@ func TestServer_PrivilegedPortAccess(t *testing.T) {
 			forwardType:   "remote",
 			port:          80,
 			username:      "testuser",
+			uid:           "1000",
 			expectError:   true,
 			errorMsg:      "cannot bind to privileged port",
 			skipOnWindows: true,
@@ -257,6 +259,7 @@ func TestServer_PrivilegedPortAccess(t *testing.T) {
 			forwardType:   "tcpip-forward",
 			port:          443,
 			username:      "testuser",
+			uid:           "1000",
 			expectError:   true,
 			errorMsg:      "cannot bind to privileged port",
 			skipOnWindows: true,
@@ -266,6 +269,7 @@ func TestServer_PrivilegedPortAccess(t *testing.T) {
 			forwardType: "remote",
 			port:        8080,
 			username:    "testuser",
+			uid:         "1000",
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 		{
@@ -273,6 +277,7 @@ func TestServer_PrivilegedPortAccess(t *testing.T) {
 			forwardType: "remote",
 			port:        0,
 			username:    "testuser",
+			uid:         "1000",
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 		{
@@ -280,13 +285,35 @@ func TestServer_PrivilegedPortAccess(t *testing.T) {
 			forwardType: "remote",
 			port:        22,
 			username:    "root",
+			uid:         "0",
 			expectError: false,
 		},
+		{
+			// Only uid 0 is privileged, whatever the account is called.
+			name:          "uid 0 under another name may bind a privileged port",
+			forwardType:   "remote",
+			port:          22,
+			username:      "toor",
+			uid:           "0",
+			expectError:   false,
+			skipOnWindows: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "account named root without uid 0 may not",
+			forwardType:   "remote",
+			port:          22,
+			username:      "root",
+			uid:           "1000",
+			expectError:   true,
+			errorMsg:      "cannot bind to privileged port",
+			skipOnWindows: true,
+		},
 		{
 			name:        "local forward privileged port allowed for non-root",
 			forwardType: "local",
 			port:        80,
 			username:    "testuser",
+			uid:         "1000",
 			expectError: false,
 		},
 	}
@@ -299,7 +326,7 @@ func TestServer_PrivilegedPortAccess(t *testing.T) {
 
 			result := PrivilegeCheckResult{
 				Allowed: true,
-				User:    &user.User{Username: tt.username},
+				User:    &user.User{Username: tt.username, Uid: tt.uid},
 			}
 
 			err := server.checkPrivilegedPortAccess(tt.forwardType, tt.port, result)
@@ -420,6 +447,13 @@ func TestServer_PortConflictHandling(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestServer_IsPrivilegedUser(t *testing.T) {
 
+	// Windows classification depends on account SIDs and group membership, and
+	// the accounts involved carry localized, renameable names. It is covered by
+	// TestIsWindowsAccountPrivileged, which resolves them from well-known SIDs.
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("covered by TestIsWindowsAccountPrivileged")
+	}
+
 	tests := []struct {
 		username    string
 		expected    bool
@@ -440,44 +474,16 @@ func TestServer_IsPrivilegedUser(t *testing.T) {
 			expected:    false,
 			description: "empty username should not be privileged",
 		},
-	}
-
-	// Add Windows-specific tests
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		tests = append(tests, []struct {
-			username    string
-			expected    bool
-			description string
-		}{
-			{
-				username:    "Administrator",
-				expected:    true,
-				description: "Administrator should be considered privileged on Windows",
-			},
-			{
-				username:    "administrator",
-				expected:    true,
-				description: "administrator should be considered privileged on Windows (case insensitive)",
-			},
-		}...)
-	} else {
-		// On non-Windows systems, Administrator should not be privileged
-		tests = append(tests, []struct {
-			username    string
-			expected    bool
-			description string
-		}{
-			{
-				username:    "Administrator",
-				expected:    false,
-				description: "Administrator should not be privileged on non-Windows systems",
-			},
-		}...)
+		{
+			username:    "Administrator",
+			expected:    false,
+			description: "Administrator should not be privileged on non-Windows systems",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.description, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := isPrivilegedUsername(tt.username)
+			result := isPrivilegedOrUnknown(tt.username)
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result, tt.description)
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/sftp_windows.go b/client/ssh/server/sftp_windows.go
index dc532b9e7..25cd17298 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/sftp_windows.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/sftp_windows.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 // createSftpCommand creates a Windows SFTP command with user switching.
 // The caller must close the returned token handle after starting the process.
 func (s *Server) createSftpCommand(targetUser *user.User, sess ssh.Session) (*exec.Cmd, windows.Token, error) {
-	username, domain := s.parseUsername(targetUser.Username)
+	username, domain := parseUsername(targetUser.Username)
 
 	netbirdPath, err := os.Executable()
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/shell.go b/client/ssh/server/shell.go
index 1e8ff5e31..7b356b2a0 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/shell.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/shell.go
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/getent"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -56,7 +58,11 @@ func getUnixUserShell(userID string) string {
 		return shell
 	}
 
-	if shell := getShellFromGetent(userID); shell != "" {
+	shell, err := getent.UserShell(userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("look up the shell for uid %s through getent: %v", userID, err)
+	}
+	if shell != "" {
 		return shell
 	}
 
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/shell_unix_test.go b/client/ssh/server/shell_unix_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5e65e535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/server/shell_unix_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/getent"
+)
+
+// TestGetShellFromPasswd_CurrentUser verifies that getShellFromPasswd correctly
+// reads the current user's shell from /etc/passwd by comparing it against what
+// getent reports (which goes through NSS).
+func TestGetShellFromPasswd_CurrentUser(t *testing.T) {
+	current, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	shell := getShellFromPasswd(current.Uid)
+	if shell == "" {
+		t.Skip("current user not found in /etc/passwd (may be an NSS-only user)")
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
+
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err == nil {
+		getentShell, getentErr := getent.UserShell(current.Uid)
+		if getentErr == nil && getentShell != "" {
+			assert.Equal(t, getentShell, shell, "shell from /etc/passwd should match getent")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetShellFromPasswd_RootUser verifies that getShellFromPasswd can read
+// root's shell from /etc/passwd. Root is guaranteed to be in /etc/passwd on
+// any standard Unix system.
+func TestGetShellFromPasswd_RootUser(t *testing.T) {
+	shell := getShellFromPasswd("0")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, shell, "root (UID 0) must be in /etc/passwd")
+	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "root shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
+}
+
+// TestGetShellFromPasswd_NonexistentUID verifies that getShellFromPasswd
+// returns empty for a UID that doesn't exist in /etc/passwd.
+func TestGetShellFromPasswd_NonexistentUID(t *testing.T) {
+	shell := getShellFromPasswd("4294967294")
+	assert.Empty(t, shell, "nonexistent UID should return empty shell")
+}
+
+// TestGetShellFromPasswd_MatchesGetentForKnownUsers reads /etc/passwd directly
+// and cross-validates every entry against getent to ensure the two shell
+// sources agree.
+func TestGetShellFromPasswd_MatchesGetentForKnownUsers(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("getent"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("getent not available")
+	}
+
+	// Pick a few well-known system UIDs that are virtually always in /etc/passwd.
+	uids := []string{"0"} // root
+
+	current, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	uids = append(uids, current.Uid)
+
+	for _, uid := range uids {
+		passwdShell := getShellFromPasswd(uid)
+		if passwdShell == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		getentShell, err := getent.UserShell(uid)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		assert.Equal(t, getentShell, passwdShell, "shell mismatch for UID %s", uid)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIntegration_ShellLookupChain tests the full shell resolution chain
+// (getShellFromPasswd -> getent -> $SHELL -> default).
+func TestIntegration_ShellLookupChain(t *testing.T) {
+	current, err := user.Current()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// getUserShell is the top-level function used by the SSH server.
+	shell := getUserShell(current.Uid)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, shell, "getUserShell must always return a shell")
+	assert.True(t, shell[0] == '/', "shell should be an absolute path, got %q", shell)
+}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/test.go b/client/ssh/server/test.go
index 454d3afa3..7ca28f034 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+// This file is intentionally named test.go (not test_test.go) so the exported
+// StartTestServer helper is visible to the ssh/proxy and ssh/client external
+// test packages, not just this package's own tests. The //go:build !js tag
+// keeps its "testing" import, along with the whole testing/flag/regexp
+// transitive chain it drags in, out of the wasm client, which links
+// ssh/server through the engine but never runs Go tests under GOOS=js.
+//go:build !js
+
 package server
 
 import (
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/user_utils.go b/client/ssh/server/user_utils.go
index bc2aa2d7d..f2f33b3d7 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/user_utils.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/user_utils.go
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/getent"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -16,19 +18,17 @@ var (
 	ErrPrivilegedUserSwitch = errors.New("cannot switch to privileged user - current user lacks required privileges")
 )
 
-// isPlatformUnix returns true for Unix-like platforms (Linux, macOS, etc.)
-func isPlatformUnix() bool {
-	return getCurrentOS() != "windows"
-}
-
 // Dependency injection variables for testing - allows mocking dynamic runtime checks
 var (
-	getCurrentUser         = currentUserWithGetent
-	lookupUser             = lookupWithGetent
+	getCurrentUser         = getent.CurrentUser
+	lookupUser             = getent.LookupUser
 	getCurrentOS           = func() string { return runtime.GOOS }
 	getIsProcessPrivileged = isCurrentProcessPrivileged
 
 	getEuid = os.Geteuid
+
+	getProcessElevated                   = isProcessElevated
+	getWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown = isWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown
 )
 
 const (
@@ -65,6 +65,13 @@ type PrivilegeCheckResult struct {
 	RequiresUserSwitching bool
 }
 
+// privilegeCheckContext holds all context needed for privilege checking
+type privilegeCheckContext struct {
+	currentUser           *user.User
+	currentUserPrivileged bool
+	allowRoot             bool
+}
+
 // CheckPrivileges performs comprehensive privilege checking for all SSH features.
 // This is the single source of truth for privilege decisions across the SSH server.
 func (s *Server) CheckPrivileges(req PrivilegeCheckRequest) PrivilegeCheckResult {
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ func (s *Server) CheckPrivileges(req PrivilegeCheckRequest) PrivilegeCheckResult
 
 	// Handle empty username case - but still check root access controls
 	if req.RequestedUsername == "" {
-		if isPrivilegedUsername(context.currentUser.Username) && !context.allowRoot {
+		if isPrivilegedOrUnknown(context.currentUser.Username) && !context.allowRoot {
 			return PrivilegeCheckResult{
 				Allowed: false,
 				Error:   &PrivilegedUserError{Username: context.currentUser.Username},
@@ -135,7 +142,7 @@ func (s *Server) checkUserRequest(ctx *privilegeCheckContext, req PrivilegeCheck
 
 	needsUserSwitching := !isSameResolvedUser(resolvedUser, ctx.currentUser)
 
-	if isPrivilegedUsername(resolvedUser.Username) && !ctx.allowRoot {
+	if isPrivilegedOrUnknown(resolvedUser.Username) && !ctx.allowRoot {
 		return PrivilegeCheckResult{
 			Allowed:               false,
 			Error:                 &PrivilegedUserError{Username: resolvedUser.Username},
@@ -175,6 +182,42 @@ func (s *Server) resolveRequestedUser(requestedUsername string) (*user.User, err
 	return u, nil
 }
 
+// SetAllowRootLogin configures root login access
+func (s *Server) SetAllowRootLogin(allow bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.allowRootLogin = allow
+}
+
+// userNameLookup performs user lookup with root login permission check
+func (s *Server) userNameLookup(username string) (*user.User, error) {
+	result, err := s.userPrivilegeCheck(username)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result.User, nil
+}
+
+// userPrivilegeCheck performs user lookup with full privilege check result
+func (s *Server) userPrivilegeCheck(username string) (PrivilegeCheckResult, error) {
+	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
+		RequestedUsername:         username,
+		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
+		FeatureName:               FeatureSSHLogin,
+	})
+
+	if !result.Allowed {
+		return result, result.Error
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// isPlatformUnix returns true for Unix-like platforms (Linux, macOS, etc.)
+func isPlatformUnix() bool {
+	return getCurrentOS() != "windows"
+}
+
 // isSameResolvedUser compares two resolved user identities
 func isSameResolvedUser(user1, user2 *user.User) bool {
 	if user1 == nil || user2 == nil {
@@ -183,13 +226,6 @@ func isSameResolvedUser(user1, user2 *user.User) bool {
 	return user1.Uid == user2.Uid
 }
 
-// privilegeCheckContext holds all context needed for privilege checking
-type privilegeCheckContext struct {
-	currentUser           *user.User
-	currentUserPrivileged bool
-	allowRoot             bool
-}
-
 // isSameUser checks if two usernames refer to the same user
 // SECURITY: This function must be conservative - it should only return true
 // when we're certain both usernames refer to the exact same user identity
@@ -253,159 +289,30 @@ func isWindowsSameUser(requestedUsername, currentUsername string) bool {
 	return strings.EqualFold(reqDomain, curDomain)
 }
 
-// SetAllowRootLogin configures root login access
-func (s *Server) SetAllowRootLogin(allow bool) {
-	s.mu.Lock()
-	defer s.mu.Unlock()
-	s.allowRootLogin = allow
-}
-
-// userNameLookup performs user lookup with root login permission check
-func (s *Server) userNameLookup(username string) (*user.User, error) {
-	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
-		RequestedUsername:         username,
-		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
-		FeatureName:               FeatureSSHLogin,
-	})
-
-	if !result.Allowed {
-		return nil, result.Error
-	}
-
-	return result.User, nil
-}
-
-// userPrivilegeCheck performs user lookup with full privilege check result
-func (s *Server) userPrivilegeCheck(username string) (PrivilegeCheckResult, error) {
-	result := s.CheckPrivileges(PrivilegeCheckRequest{
-		RequestedUsername:         username,
-		FeatureSupportsUserSwitch: true,
-		FeatureName:               FeatureSSHLogin,
-	})
-
-	if !result.Allowed {
-		return result, result.Error
-	}
-
-	return result, nil
-}
-
-// isPrivilegedUsername checks if the given username represents a privileged user across platforms.
-// On Unix: root
-// On Windows: Administrator, SYSTEM (case-insensitive)
-// Handles domain-qualified usernames like "DOMAIN\Administrator" or "user@domain.com"
-func isPrivilegedUsername(username string) bool {
+// isPrivilegedOrUnknown reports whether the given username represents a
+// privileged user, or on Windows an account whose privilege could not be
+// determined.
+// On Unix: root.
+// On Windows: well-known service accounts, built-in Administrator accounts,
+// and members of the local Administrators group; handles domain-qualified
+// usernames like "DOMAIN\user" or "user@domain.com". An account that cannot be
+// resolved or evaluated is reported as privileged.
+//
+// Use this to refuse privileged accounts, never to grant them anything: the
+// undetermined case is safe for a refusal and unsafe for a grant.
+func isPrivilegedOrUnknown(username string) bool {
 	if getCurrentOS() != "windows" {
 		return username == "root"
 	}
-
-	bareUsername := username
-	// Handle Windows domain format: DOMAIN\username
-	if idx := strings.LastIndex(username, `\`); idx != -1 {
-		bareUsername = username[idx+1:]
-	}
-	// Handle email-style format: username@domain.com
-	if idx := strings.Index(bareUsername, "@"); idx != -1 {
-		bareUsername = bareUsername[:idx]
-	}
-
-	return isWindowsPrivilegedUser(bareUsername)
-}
-
-// isWindowsPrivilegedUser checks if a bare username (domain already stripped) represents a Windows privileged account
-func isWindowsPrivilegedUser(bareUsername string) bool {
-	// common privileged usernames (case insensitive)
-	privilegedNames := []string{
-		"administrator",
-		"admin",
-		"root",
-		"system",
-		"localsystem",
-		"networkservice",
-		"localservice",
-	}
-
-	usernameLower := strings.ToLower(bareUsername)
-	for _, privilegedName := range privilegedNames {
-		if usernameLower == privilegedName {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	// computer accounts (ending with $) are not privileged by themselves
-	// They only gain privileges through group membership or specific SIDs
-
-	if targetUser, err := lookupUser(bareUsername); err == nil {
-		return isWindowsPrivilegedSID(targetUser.Uid)
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-// isWindowsPrivilegedSID checks if a Windows SID represents a privileged account
-func isWindowsPrivilegedSID(sid string) bool {
-	privilegedSIDs := []string{
-		"S-1-5-18",     // Local System (SYSTEM)
-		"S-1-5-19",     // Local Service (NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE)
-		"S-1-5-20",     // Network Service (NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE)
-		"S-1-5-32-544", // Administrators group (BUILTIN\Administrators)
-		"S-1-5-500",    // Built-in Administrator account (local machine RID 500)
-	}
-
-	for _, privilegedSID := range privilegedSIDs {
-		if sid == privilegedSID {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Check for domain administrator accounts (RID 500 in any domain)
-	// Format: S-1-5-21-domain-domain-domain-500
-	// This is reliable as RID 500 is reserved for the domain Administrator account
-	if strings.HasPrefix(sid, "S-1-5-21-") && strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-500") {
-		return true
-	}
-
-	// Check for other well-known privileged RIDs in domain contexts
-	// RID 512 = Domain Admins group, RID 516 = Domain Controllers group
-	if strings.HasPrefix(sid, "S-1-5-21-") {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-512") || // Domain Admins group
-			strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-516") || // Domain Controllers group
-			strings.HasSuffix(sid, "-519") { // Enterprise Admins group
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
+	return getWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown(username)
 }
 
 // isCurrentProcessPrivileged checks if the current process is running with elevated privileges.
 // On Unix systems, this means running as root (UID 0).
-// On Windows, this means running as Administrator or SYSTEM.
+// On Windows, this means the process token is elevated (administrators, SYSTEM).
 func isCurrentProcessPrivileged() bool {
 	if getCurrentOS() == "windows" {
-		return isWindowsElevated()
+		return getProcessElevated()
 	}
 	return getEuid() == 0
 }
-
-// isWindowsElevated checks if the current process is running with elevated privileges on Windows
-func isWindowsElevated() bool {
-	currentUser, err := getCurrentUser()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get current user for privilege check, assuming non-privileged: %v", err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	if isWindowsPrivilegedSID(currentUser.Uid) {
-		log.Debugf("Windows user switching supported: running as privileged SID %s", currentUser.Uid)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	if isPrivilegedUsername(currentUser.Username) {
-		log.Debugf("Windows user switching supported: running as privileged username %s", currentUser.Username)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("Windows user switching not supported: not running as privileged user (current: %s)", currentUser.Uid)
-	return false
-}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/user_utils_test.go b/client/ssh/server/user_utils_test.go
index 637dc10d0..2fa9b68ee 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/user_utils_test.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/user_utils_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"os/user"
 	"runtime"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -27,8 +28,8 @@ func setupTestDependencies(currentUser *user.User, currentUserErr error, os stri
 	originalLookupUser := lookupUser
 	originalGetCurrentOS := getCurrentOS
 	originalGetEuid := getEuid
-
-	// Reset caches to ensure clean test state
+	originalGetProcessElevated := getProcessElevated
+	originalGetWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown := getWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown
 
 	// Set test values - inject platform dependencies
 	getCurrentUser = func() (*user.User, error) {
@@ -53,16 +54,31 @@ func setupTestDependencies(currentUser *user.User, currentUserErr error, os stri
 		return euid
 	}
 
-	// Mock privilege detection based on the test user
-	getIsProcessPrivileged = func() bool {
+	// Simulate the Windows token elevation check based on the fixture user:
+	// the built-in Administrator (RID 500) and SYSTEM run elevated.
+	getProcessElevated = func() bool {
 		if currentUser == nil {
 			return false
 		}
-		// Check both username and SID for Windows systems
-		if os == "windows" && isWindowsPrivilegedSID(currentUser.Uid) {
+		return currentUser.Uid == "S-1-5-18" || strings.HasSuffix(currentUser.Uid, "-500")
+	}
+
+	// Simulate the Windows account classifier for the fixture accounts.
+	// "root" does not exist on Windows; the real classifier fails closed on
+	// unresolvable accounts, so it counts as privileged here too.
+	getWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown = func(username string) bool {
+		bare := username
+		if idx := strings.LastIndex(bare, `\`); idx != -1 {
+			bare = bare[idx+1:]
+		}
+		if idx := strings.Index(bare, "@"); idx != -1 {
+			bare = bare[:idx]
+		}
+		switch strings.ToLower(bare) {
+		case "administrator", "system", "root":
 			return true
 		}
-		return isPrivilegedUsername(currentUser.Username)
+		return false
 	}
 
 	// Return cleanup function
@@ -71,10 +87,8 @@ func setupTestDependencies(currentUser *user.User, currentUserErr error, os stri
 		lookupUser = originalLookupUser
 		getCurrentOS = originalGetCurrentOS
 		getEuid = originalGetEuid
-
-		getIsProcessPrivileged = isCurrentProcessPrivileged
-
-		// Reset caches after test
+		getProcessElevated = originalGetProcessElevated
+		getWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown = originalGetWindowsAccountPrivilegedOrUnknown
 	}
 }
 
@@ -421,6 +435,9 @@ func TestUsedFallback_MeansNoPrivilegeDropping(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPrivilegedUsernameDetection(t *testing.T) {
+	// Windows classification is syscall-backed (SID resolution, group
+	// membership) and is covered by privileges_windows_test.go; here only the
+	// Unix logic and the platform dispatch are exercised.
 	tests := []struct {
 		name       string
 		username   string
@@ -432,25 +449,9 @@ func TestPrivilegedUsernameDetection(t *testing.T) {
 		{"unix_regular_user", "alice", "linux", false},
 		{"unix_root_capital", "Root", "linux", false}, // Case-sensitive
 
-		// Windows tests
+		// Windows dispatch to the (mocked) account classifier
 		{"windows_administrator", "Administrator", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_system", "SYSTEM", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_admin", "admin", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_admin_lowercase", "administrator", "windows", true}, // Case-insensitive
-		{"windows_domain_admin", "DOMAIN\\Administrator", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_email_admin", "admin@domain.com", "windows", true},
 		{"windows_regular_user", "alice", "windows", false},
-		{"windows_domain_user", "DOMAIN\\alice", "windows", false},
-		{"windows_localsystem", "localsystem", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_networkservice", "networkservice", "windows", true},
-		{"windows_localservice", "localservice", "windows", true},
-
-		// Computer accounts (these depend on current user context in real implementation)
-		{"windows_computer_account", "WIN2K19-C2$", "windows", false},      // Computer account by itself not privileged
-		{"windows_domain_computer", "DOMAIN\\COMPUTER$", "windows", false}, // Domain computer account
-
-		// Cross-platform
-		{"root_on_windows", "root", "windows", true}, // Root should be privileged everywhere
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -459,50 +460,8 @@ func TestPrivilegedUsernameDetection(t *testing.T) {
 			cleanup := setupTestDependencies(nil, nil, tt.platform, 1000, nil, nil)
 			defer cleanup()
 
-			result := isPrivilegedUsername(tt.username)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.privileged, result)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestWindowsPrivilegedSIDDetection(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name        string
-		sid         string
-		privileged  bool
-		description string
-	}{
-		// Well-known system accounts
-		{"system_account", "S-1-5-18", true, "Local System (SYSTEM)"},
-		{"local_service", "S-1-5-19", true, "Local Service"},
-		{"network_service", "S-1-5-20", true, "Network Service"},
-		{"administrators_group", "S-1-5-32-544", true, "Administrators group"},
-		{"builtin_administrator", "S-1-5-500", true, "Built-in Administrator"},
-
-		// Domain accounts
-		{"domain_administrator", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-500", true, "Domain Administrator (RID 500)"},
-		{"domain_admins_group", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-512", true, "Domain Admins group"},
-		{"domain_controllers_group", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-516", true, "Domain Controllers group"},
-		{"enterprise_admins_group", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-519", true, "Enterprise Admins group"},
-
-		// Regular users
-		{"regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1001", false, "Regular domain user"},
-		{"another_regular_user", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1234", false, "Another regular user"},
-		{"local_user", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-1000", false, "Local regular user"},
-
-		// Groups that are not privileged
-		{"domain_users", "S-1-5-21-1234567890-1234567890-1234567890-513", false, "Domain Users group"},
-		{"power_users", "S-1-5-32-547", false, "Power Users group"},
-
-		// Invalid SIDs
-		{"malformed_sid", "S-1-5-invalid", false, "Malformed SID"},
-		{"empty_sid", "", false, "Empty SID"},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := isWindowsPrivilegedSID(tt.sid)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.privileged, result, "Failed for %s: %s", tt.description, tt.sid)
+			result := isPrivilegedOrUnknown(tt.username)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.privileged, result, "privilege classification for %s on %s", tt.username, tt.platform)
 		})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/userswitching_unix.go b/client/ssh/server/userswitching_unix.go
index 220e2240f..ae60ec64c 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/userswitching_unix.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/userswitching_unix.go
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/gliderlabs/ssh"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/getent"
 )
 
 // POSIX portable filename character set regex: [a-zA-Z0-9._-]
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ func (s *Server) parseUserCredentials(localUser *user.User) (uint32, uint32, []u
 // getSupplementaryGroups retrieves supplementary group IDs for a user.
 // Uses id/getent fallback for NSS users in CGO_ENABLED=0 builds.
 func (s *Server) getSupplementaryGroups(u *user.User) ([]uint32, error) {
-	groupIDStrings, err := groupIdsWithFallback(u)
+	groupIDStrings, err := getent.GroupIDs(u)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get group IDs for user %s: %w", u.Username, err)
 	}
diff --git a/client/ssh/server/userswitching_windows.go b/client/ssh/server/userswitching_windows.go
index 260e1301e..9e8cd5b30 100644
--- a/client/ssh/server/userswitching_windows.go
+++ b/client/ssh/server/userswitching_windows.go
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func validateUsernameFormat(username string) error {
 func (s *Server) createExecutorCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, localUser *user.User, hasPty bool) (*exec.Cmd, func(), error) {
 	logger.Debugf("creating Windows executor command for user %s (Pty: %v)", localUser.Username, hasPty)
 
-	username, _ := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, _ := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 	if err := validateUsername(username); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid username %q: %w", username, err)
 	}
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func (s *Server) createExecutorCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, l
 // createUserSwitchCommand creates a command with Windows user switching.
 // Returns the command and a cleanup function that must be called after starting the process.
 func (s *Server) createUserSwitchCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session, localUser *user.User) (*exec.Cmd, func(), error) {
-	username, domain := s.parseUsername(localUser.Username)
+	username, domain := parseUsername(localUser.Username)
 
 	shell := getUserShell(localUser.Uid)
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ func (s *Server) createUserSwitchCommand(logger *log.Entry, session ssh.Session,
 }
 
 // parseUsername extracts username and domain from a Windows username
-func (s *Server) parseUsername(fullUsername string) (username, domain string) {
+func parseUsername(fullUsername string) (username, domain string) {
 	// Handle DOMAIN\username format
 	if idx := strings.LastIndex(fullUsername, `\`); idx != -1 {
 		domain = fullUsername[:idx]
diff --git a/client/ssh/session.go b/client/ssh/session.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..999b6f251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ssh/session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package ssh
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
+)
+
+// DefaultTerminalModes are the PTY modes used by the interactive terminal clients.
+var DefaultTerminalModes = ssh.TerminalModes{
+	ssh.ECHO:          1,
+	ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 14400,
+	ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 14400,
+	ssh.VINTR:         3,   // Ctrl+C
+	ssh.VQUIT:         28,  // Ctrl+\
+	ssh.VERASE:        127, // Backspace
+	ssh.VKILL:         21,  // Ctrl+U
+	ssh.VEOF:          4,   // Ctrl+D
+	ssh.VEOL:          0,
+	ssh.VEOL2:         0,
+	ssh.VSTART:        17, // Ctrl+Q
+	ssh.VSTOP:         19, // Ctrl+S
+	ssh.VSUSP:         26, // Ctrl+Z
+	ssh.VDISCARD:      15, // Ctrl+O
+	ssh.VREPRINT:      18, // Ctrl+R
+	ssh.VWERASE:       23, // Ctrl+W
+	ssh.VLNEXT:        22, // Ctrl+V
+}
+
+// PTYSession is an interactive shell session with a PTY and its I/O pipes.
+type PTYSession struct {
+	Session *ssh.Session
+	Stdin   io.WriteCloser
+	Stdout  io.Reader
+	Stderr  io.Reader
+}
+
+// StartPTYSession opens a session on the client, requests an xterm-256color PTY
+// with the default terminal modes, wires up the I/O pipes and starts a shell.
+// The session is closed on any error.
+func StartPTYSession(client *ssh.Client, cols, rows int) (*PTYSession, error) {
+	session, err := client.NewSession()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("new session: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	pty, err := setupPTYSession(session, cols, rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		if closeErr := session.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("ssh: session close after setup error: %v", closeErr)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return pty, nil
+}
+
+// setupPTYSession requests the PTY, opens the pipes and starts the shell on an
+// already created session.
+func setupPTYSession(session *ssh.Session, cols, rows int) (*PTYSession, error) {
+	if err := session.RequestPty("xterm-256color", rows, cols, DefaultTerminalModes); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request pty: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	stdin, err := session.StdinPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stdin pipe: %w", err)
+	}
+	stdout, err := session.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stdout pipe: %w", err)
+	}
+	stderr, err := session.StderrPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stderr pipe: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := session.Shell(); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start shell: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &PTYSession{Session: session, Stdin: stdin, Stdout: stdout, Stderr: stderr}, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/status/status.go b/client/status/status.go
index 8c932bbab..1c204cdb1 100644
--- a/client/status/status.go
+++ b/client/status/status.go
@@ -46,7 +46,10 @@ func ParseDaemonStatus(s string) DaemonStatus {
 
 // ConvertOptions holds parameters for ConvertToStatusOutputOverview.
 type ConvertOptions struct {
-	Anonymize            bool
+	Anonymize bool
+	// AnonymizeLevel selects how much the anonymizer redacts. Only
+	// meaningful when Anonymize is set.
+	AnonymizeLevel       anonymize.Level
 	DaemonVersion        string
 	DaemonStatus         DaemonStatus
 	StatusFilter         string
@@ -55,11 +58,16 @@ type ConvertOptions struct {
 	IPsFilter            map[string]struct{}
 	ConnectionTypeFilter string
 	ProfileName          string
+	// SessionExpiresAt is the absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO
+	// session expires. Zero when the peer is not SSO-tracked or login
+	// expiration is disabled. Sourced from StatusResponse.SessionExpiresAt.
+	SessionExpiresAt time.Time
 }
 
 type PeerStateDetailOutput struct {
 	FQDN                   string           `json:"fqdn" yaml:"fqdn"`
 	IP                     string           `json:"netbirdIp" yaml:"netbirdIp"`
+	IPv6                   string           `json:"netbirdIpv6,omitempty" yaml:"netbirdIpv6,omitempty"`
 	PubKey                 string           `json:"publicKey" yaml:"publicKey"`
 	Status                 string           `json:"status" yaml:"status"`
 	LastStatusUpdate       time.Time        `json:"lastStatusUpdate" yaml:"lastStatusUpdate"`
@@ -97,6 +105,7 @@ type RelayStateOutputDetail struct {
 	URI       string `json:"uri" yaml:"uri"`
 	Available bool   `json:"available" yaml:"available"`
 	Error     string `json:"error" yaml:"error"`
+	Transport string `json:"transport,omitempty" yaml:"transport,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type RelayStateOutput struct {
@@ -139,8 +148,10 @@ type OutputOverview struct {
 	SignalState             SignalStateOutput          `json:"signal" yaml:"signal"`
 	Relays                  RelayStateOutput           `json:"relays" yaml:"relays"`
 	IP                      string                     `json:"netbirdIp" yaml:"netbirdIp"`
+	IPv6                    string                     `json:"netbirdIpv6,omitempty" yaml:"netbirdIpv6,omitempty"`
 	PubKey                  string                     `json:"publicKey" yaml:"publicKey"`
 	KernelInterface         bool                       `json:"usesKernelInterface" yaml:"usesKernelInterface"`
+	WgPort                  int                        `json:"wireguardPort" yaml:"wireguardPort"`
 	FQDN                    string                     `json:"fqdn" yaml:"fqdn"`
 	RosenpassEnabled        bool                       `json:"quantumResistance" yaml:"quantumResistance"`
 	RosenpassPermissive     bool                       `json:"quantumResistancePermissive" yaml:"quantumResistancePermissive"`
@@ -151,6 +162,11 @@ type OutputOverview struct {
 	LazyConnectionEnabled   bool                       `json:"lazyConnectionEnabled" yaml:"lazyConnectionEnabled"`
 	ProfileName             string                     `json:"profileName" yaml:"profileName"`
 	SSHServerState          SSHServerStateOutput       `json:"sshServer" yaml:"sshServer"`
+	// SessionExpiresAt is the absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO
+	// session expires. nil when the peer is not SSO-tracked or login
+	// expiration is disabled. Pointer (rather than zero-value time.Time) so
+	// JSON / YAML omit the field entirely with `,omitempty`.
+	SessionExpiresAt *time.Time `json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty" yaml:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ConvertToStatusOutputOverview converts protobuf status to the output overview.
@@ -182,8 +198,10 @@ func ConvertToStatusOutputOverview(pbFullStatus *proto.FullStatus, opts ConvertO
 		SignalState:             signalOverview,
 		Relays:                  relayOverview,
 		IP:                      pbFullStatus.GetLocalPeerState().GetIP(),
+		IPv6:                    pbFullStatus.GetLocalPeerState().GetIpv6(),
 		PubKey:                  pbFullStatus.GetLocalPeerState().GetPubKey(),
 		KernelInterface:         pbFullStatus.GetLocalPeerState().GetKernelInterface(),
+		WgPort:                  int(pbFullStatus.GetLocalPeerState().GetWgPort()),
 		FQDN:                    pbFullStatus.GetLocalPeerState().GetFqdn(),
 		RosenpassEnabled:        pbFullStatus.GetLocalPeerState().GetRosenpassEnabled(),
 		RosenpassPermissive:     pbFullStatus.GetLocalPeerState().GetRosenpassPermissive(),
@@ -195,9 +213,14 @@ func ConvertToStatusOutputOverview(pbFullStatus *proto.FullStatus, opts ConvertO
 		ProfileName:             opts.ProfileName,
 		SSHServerState:          sshServerOverview,
 	}
+	if !opts.SessionExpiresAt.IsZero() {
+		t := opts.SessionExpiresAt
+		overview.SessionExpiresAt = &t
+	}
 
 	if opts.Anonymize {
 		anonymizer := anonymize.NewAnonymizer(anonymize.DefaultAddresses())
+		anonymizer.SetLevel(opts.AnonymizeLevel)
 		anonymizeOverview(anonymizer, &overview)
 	}
 
@@ -214,7 +237,8 @@ func mapRelays(relays []*proto.RelayState) RelayStateOutput {
 			RelayStateOutputDetail{
 				URI:       relay.URI,
 				Available: available,
-				Error:     relay.GetError(),
+				Error:     relayErrorString(relay.GetError()),
+				Transport: relay.GetTransport(),
 			},
 		)
 
@@ -230,6 +254,12 @@ func mapRelays(relays []*proto.RelayState) RelayStateOutput {
 	}
 }
 
+// relayErrorString flattens a newline-joined aggregated relay error onto a
+// single line for status output.
+func relayErrorString(s string) string {
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\n", "; ")
+}
+
 func mapNSGroups(servers []*proto.NSGroupState) []NsServerGroupStateOutput {
 	mappedNSGroups := make([]NsServerGroupStateOutput, 0, len(servers))
 	for _, pbNsGroupServer := range servers {
@@ -317,6 +347,7 @@ func mapPeers(
 		timeLocal := pbPeerState.GetConnStatusUpdate().AsTime().Local()
 		peerState := PeerStateDetailOutput{
 			IP:               pbPeerState.GetIP(),
+			IPv6:             pbPeerState.GetIpv6(),
 			PubKey:           pbPeerState.GetPubKey(),
 			Status:           pbPeerState.GetConnStatus(),
 			LastStatusUpdate: timeLocal,
@@ -417,6 +448,11 @@ func (o *OutputOverview) GeneralSummary(showURL bool, showRelays bool, showNameS
 		interfaceIP = "N/A"
 	}
 
+	ipv6Line := ""
+	if o.IPv6 != "" {
+		ipv6Line = fmt.Sprintf("NetBird IPv6: %s\n", o.IPv6)
+	}
+
 	var relaysString string
 	if showRelays {
 		for _, relay := range o.Relays.Details {
@@ -430,6 +466,8 @@ func (o *OutputOverview) GeneralSummary(showURL bool, showRelays bool, showNameS
 					available = "Unavailable"
 					reason = fmt.Sprintf(", reason: %s", relay.Error)
 				}
+			} else if relay.Transport != "" {
+				available = fmt.Sprintf("%s via %s", available, relay.Transport)
 			}
 
 			relaysString += fmt.Sprintf("\n  [%s] is %s%s", relay.URI, available, reason)
@@ -526,6 +564,15 @@ func (o *OutputOverview) GeneralSummary(showURL bool, showRelays bool, showNameS
 
 	peersCountString := fmt.Sprintf("%d/%d Connected", o.Peers.Connected, o.Peers.Total)
 
+	var sessionExpiryString string
+	if o.SessionExpiresAt != nil && !o.SessionExpiresAt.IsZero() {
+		sessionExpiryString = fmt.Sprintf(
+			"Session expires: %s (in %s)\n",
+			o.SessionExpiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+			FormatRemainingDuration(time.Until(*o.SessionExpiresAt)),
+		)
+	}
+
 	var forwardingRulesString string
 	if o.NumberOfForwardingRules > 0 {
 		forwardingRulesString = fmt.Sprintf("Forwarding rules: %d\n", o.NumberOfForwardingRules)
@@ -538,6 +585,21 @@ func (o *OutputOverview) GeneralSummary(showURL bool, showRelays bool, showNameS
 		goarm = fmt.Sprintf(" (ARMv%s)", os.Getenv("GOARM"))
 	}
 
+	daemonVersion := "N/A"
+	if o.DaemonVersion != "" {
+		daemonVersion = o.DaemonVersion
+	}
+
+	cliVersion := version.NetbirdVersion()
+	if o.CliVersion != "" {
+		cliVersion = o.CliVersion
+	}
+
+	wgPortString := "N/A"
+	if o.WgPort > 0 {
+		wgPortString = fmt.Sprintf("%d", o.WgPort)
+	}
+
 	summary := fmt.Sprintf(
 		"OS: %s\n"+
 			"Daemon version: %s\n"+
@@ -549,16 +611,19 @@ func (o *OutputOverview) GeneralSummary(showURL bool, showRelays bool, showNameS
 			"Nameservers: %s\n"+
 			"FQDN: %s\n"+
 			"NetBird IP: %s\n"+
+			"%s"+
 			"Interface type: %s\n"+
+			"Wireguard port: %s\n"+
 			"Quantum resistance: %s\n"+
 			"Lazy connection: %s\n"+
 			"SSH Server: %s\n"+
 			"Networks: %s\n"+
 			"%s"+
+			"%s"+
 			"Peers count: %s\n",
 		fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s%s", goos, goarch, goarm),
-		o.DaemonVersion,
-		version.NetbirdVersion(),
+		daemonVersion,
+		cliVersion,
 		o.ProfileName,
 		managementConnString,
 		signalConnString,
@@ -566,12 +631,15 @@ func (o *OutputOverview) GeneralSummary(showURL bool, showRelays bool, showNameS
 		dnsServersString,
 		domain.Domain(o.FQDN).SafeString(),
 		interfaceIP,
+		ipv6Line,
 		interfaceTypeString,
+		wgPortString,
 		rosenpassEnabledStatus,
 		lazyConnectionEnabledStatus,
 		sshServerStatus,
 		networks,
 		forwardingRulesString,
+		sessionExpiryString,
 		peersCountString,
 	)
 	return summary
@@ -616,6 +684,7 @@ func ToProtoFullStatus(fullStatus peer.FullStatus) *proto.FullStatus {
 	}
 
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.IP = fullStatus.LocalPeerState.IP
+	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.Ipv6 = fullStatus.LocalPeerState.IPv6
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.PubKey = fullStatus.LocalPeerState.PubKey
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.KernelInterface = fullStatus.LocalPeerState.KernelInterface
 	pbFullStatus.LocalPeerState.Fqdn = fullStatus.LocalPeerState.FQDN
@@ -628,6 +697,7 @@ func ToProtoFullStatus(fullStatus peer.FullStatus) *proto.FullStatus {
 	for _, peerState := range fullStatus.Peers {
 		pbPeerState := &proto.PeerState{
 			IP:                         peerState.IP,
+			Ipv6:                       peerState.IPv6,
 			PubKey:                     peerState.PubKey,
 			ConnStatus:                 peerState.ConnStatus.String(),
 			ConnStatusUpdate:           timestamppb.New(peerState.ConnStatusUpdate),
@@ -680,6 +750,8 @@ func ToProtoFullStatus(fullStatus peer.FullStatus) *proto.FullStatus {
 		pbFullStatus.DnsServers = append(pbFullStatus.DnsServers, pbDnsState)
 	}
 
+	pbFullStatus.Events = fullStatus.Events
+
 	return &pbFullStatus
 }
 
@@ -733,9 +805,15 @@ func parsePeers(peers PeersStateOutput, rosenpassEnabled, rosenpassPermissive bo
 			networks = strings.Join(peerState.Networks, ", ")
 		}
 
+		ipv6Line := ""
+		if peerState.IPv6 != "" {
+			ipv6Line = fmt.Sprintf("  NetBird IPv6: %s\n", peerState.IPv6)
+		}
+
 		peerString := fmt.Sprintf(
 			"\n %s:\n"+
 				"  NetBird IP: %s\n"+
+				"%s"+
 				"  Public key: %s\n"+
 				"  Status: %s\n"+
 				"  -- detail --\n"+
@@ -751,6 +829,7 @@ func parsePeers(peers PeersStateOutput, rosenpassEnabled, rosenpassPermissive bo
 				"  Latency: %s\n",
 			domain.Domain(peerState.FQDN).SafeString(),
 			peerState.IP,
+			ipv6Line,
 			peerState.PubKey,
 			peerState.Status,
 			peerState.ConnType,
@@ -787,6 +866,9 @@ func skipDetailByFilters(peerState *proto.PeerState, peerStatus string, statusFi
 
 	if len(ipsFilter) > 0 {
 		_, ok := ipsFilter[peerState.IP]
+		if !ok {
+			_, ok = ipsFilter[peerState.Ipv6]
+		}
 		if !ok {
 			ipEval = true
 		}
@@ -898,6 +980,7 @@ func timeAgo(t time.Time) string {
 
 func anonymizePeerDetail(a *anonymize.Anonymizer, peer *PeerStateDetailOutput) {
 	peer.FQDN = a.AnonymizeDomain(peer.FQDN)
+	peer.PubKey = a.AnonymizeWGKey(peer.PubKey)
 	if localIP, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(peer.IceCandidateEndpoint.Local); err == nil {
 		peer.IceCandidateEndpoint.Local = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", a.AnonymizeIPString(localIP), port)
 	}
@@ -905,6 +988,7 @@ func anonymizePeerDetail(a *anonymize.Anonymizer, peer *PeerStateDetailOutput) {
 		peer.IceCandidateEndpoint.Remote = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", a.AnonymizeIPString(remoteIP), port)
 	}
 
+	peer.IPv6 = a.AnonymizeIPString(peer.IPv6)
 	peer.RelayAddress = a.AnonymizeURI(peer.RelayAddress)
 
 	for i, route := range peer.Networks {
@@ -928,7 +1012,9 @@ func anonymizeOverview(a *anonymize.Anonymizer, overview *OutputOverview) {
 	overview.SignalState.URL = a.AnonymizeURI(overview.SignalState.URL)
 	overview.SignalState.Error = a.AnonymizeString(overview.SignalState.Error)
 
+	overview.PubKey = a.AnonymizeWGKey(overview.PubKey)
 	overview.IP = a.AnonymizeIPString(overview.IP)
+	overview.IPv6 = a.AnonymizeIPString(overview.IPv6)
 	for i, detail := range overview.Relays.Details {
 		detail.URI = a.AnonymizeURI(detail.URI)
 		detail.Error = a.AnonymizeString(detail.Error)
@@ -971,3 +1057,57 @@ func anonymizeOverview(a *anonymize.Anonymizer, overview *OutputOverview) {
 		overview.SSHServerState.Sessions[i].Command = a.AnonymizeString(session.Command)
 	}
 }
+
+// FormatRemainingDuration renders a time.Duration for the "Session expires"
+// line. Examples: "2h 15m", "47m 12s", "8s", "expired 3m ago".
+//
+// Granularity drops to seconds only under a minute, otherwise minutes are
+// the smallest unit shown — sub-minute precision is noise for a deadline
+// that's hours or days out.
+func FormatRemainingDuration(d time.Duration) string {
+	if d <= 0 {
+		return "expired " + HumaniseDuration(-d) + " ago"
+	}
+	return HumaniseDuration(d)
+}
+
+// HumaniseDuration renders a positive duration in compact form (e.g.
+// "2h 15m", "47m", "8s"). Exposed alongside FormatRemainingDuration so
+// callers that don't need the "expired … ago" wording can format
+// positive durations directly.
+func HumaniseDuration(d time.Duration) string {
+	if d < time.Minute {
+		s := int(d.Round(time.Second).Seconds())
+		if s < 1 {
+			s = 1
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%ds", s)
+	}
+
+	const (
+		day    = 24 * time.Hour
+		hour   = time.Hour
+		minute = time.Minute
+	)
+
+	days := int64(d / day)
+	d -= time.Duration(days) * day
+	hours := int64(d / hour)
+	d -= time.Duration(hours) * hour
+	minutes := int64(d / minute)
+
+	switch {
+	case days > 0:
+		if hours == 0 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%dd", days)
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%dd %dh", days, hours)
+	case hours > 0:
+		if minutes == 0 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%dh", hours)
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%dh %dm", hours, minutes)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%dm", minutes)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/status/status_test.go b/client/status/status_test.go
index 7754eebae..2babd9342 100644
--- a/client/status/status_test.go
+++ b/client/status/status_test.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ var resp = &proto.StatusResponse{
 		Peers: []*proto.PeerState{
 			{
 				IP:                         "192.168.178.101",
+				Ipv6:                       "fd00::1",
 				PubKey:                     "Pubkey1",
 				Fqdn:                       "peer-1.awesome-domain.com",
 				ConnStatus:                 "Connected",
@@ -90,8 +91,10 @@ var resp = &proto.StatusResponse{
 		},
 		LocalPeerState: &proto.LocalPeerState{
 			IP:              "192.168.178.100/16",
+			Ipv6:            "fd00::100",
 			PubKey:          "Some-Pub-Key",
 			KernelInterface: true,
+			WgPort:          51820,
 			Fqdn:            "some-localhost.awesome-domain.com",
 			Networks: []string{
 				"10.10.0.0/24",
@@ -130,6 +133,7 @@ var overview = OutputOverview{
 		Details: []PeerStateDetailOutput{
 			{
 				IP:               "192.168.178.101",
+				IPv6:             "fd00::1",
 				PubKey:           "Pubkey1",
 				FQDN:             "peer-1.awesome-domain.com",
 				Status:           "Connected",
@@ -204,8 +208,10 @@ var overview = OutputOverview{
 		},
 	},
 	IP:              "192.168.178.100/16",
+	IPv6:            "fd00::100",
 	PubKey:          "Some-Pub-Key",
 	KernelInterface: true,
+	WgPort:          51820,
 	FQDN:            "some-localhost.awesome-domain.com",
 	NSServerGroups: []NsServerGroupStateOutput{
 		{
@@ -284,6 +290,7 @@ func TestParsingToJSON(t *testing.T) {
               {
                 "fqdn": "peer-1.awesome-domain.com",
                 "netbirdIp": "192.168.178.101",
+                "netbirdIpv6": "fd00::1",
                 "publicKey": "Pubkey1",
                 "status": "Connected",
                 "lastStatusUpdate": "2001-01-01T01:01:01Z",
@@ -361,8 +368,10 @@ func TestParsingToJSON(t *testing.T) {
             ]
           },
           "netbirdIp": "192.168.178.100/16",
+          "netbirdIpv6": "fd00::100",
           "publicKey": "Some-Pub-Key",
           "usesKernelInterface": true,
+          "wireguardPort": 51820,
           "fqdn": "some-localhost.awesome-domain.com",
           "quantumResistance": false,
           "quantumResistancePermissive": false,
@@ -418,6 +427,7 @@ func TestParsingToYAML(t *testing.T) {
     details:
         - fqdn: peer-1.awesome-domain.com
           netbirdIp: 192.168.178.101
+          netbirdIpv6: fd00::1
           publicKey: Pubkey1
           status: Connected
           lastStatusUpdate: 2001-01-01T01:01:01Z
@@ -477,8 +487,10 @@ relays:
           available: false
           error: 'context: deadline exceeded'
 netbirdIp: 192.168.178.100/16
+netbirdIpv6: fd00::100
 publicKey: Some-Pub-Key
 usesKernelInterface: true
+wireguardPort: 51820
 fqdn: some-localhost.awesome-domain.com
 quantumResistance: false
 quantumResistancePermissive: false
@@ -523,6 +535,7 @@ func TestParsingToDetail(t *testing.T) {
 		`Peers detail:
  peer-1.awesome-domain.com:
   NetBird IP: 192.168.178.101
+  NetBird IPv6: fd00::1
   Public key: Pubkey1
   Status: Connected
   -- detail --
@@ -568,13 +581,15 @@ Nameservers:
   [1.1.1.1:53, 2.2.2.2:53] for [example.com, example.net] is Unavailable, reason: timeout
 FQDN: some-localhost.awesome-domain.com
 NetBird IP: 192.168.178.100/16
+NetBird IPv6: fd00::100
 Interface type: Kernel
+Wireguard port: %d
 Quantum resistance: false
 Lazy connection: false
 SSH Server: Disabled
 Networks: 10.10.0.0/24
 Peers count: 2/2 Connected
-`, lastConnectionUpdate1, lastHandshake1, lastConnectionUpdate2, lastHandshake2, runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH, overview.CliVersion)
+`, lastConnectionUpdate1, lastHandshake1, lastConnectionUpdate2, lastHandshake2, runtime.GOOS, runtime.GOARCH, overview.CliVersion, overview.WgPort)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedDetail, detail)
 }
@@ -592,7 +607,9 @@ Relays: 1/2 Available
 Nameservers: 1/2 Available
 FQDN: some-localhost.awesome-domain.com
 NetBird IP: 192.168.178.100/16
+NetBird IPv6: fd00::100
 Interface type: Kernel
+Wireguard port: 51820
 Quantum resistance: false
 Lazy connection: false
 SSH Server: Disabled
@@ -630,3 +647,60 @@ func TestTimeAgo(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestHumaniseDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   time.Duration
+		want string
+	}{
+		{0, "1s"},
+		{500 * time.Millisecond, "1s"},
+		{8 * time.Second, "8s"},
+		{59 * time.Second, "59s"},
+		{time.Minute, "1m"},
+		{47*time.Minute + 12*time.Second, "47m"},
+		{time.Hour, "1h"},
+		{2*time.Hour + 15*time.Minute, "2h 15m"},
+		{2 * time.Hour, "2h"},
+		{24 * time.Hour, "1d"},
+		{2*24*time.Hour + 3*time.Hour, "2d 3h"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		got := HumaniseDuration(tc.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, tc.want, got, "input %s", tc.in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatRemainingDuration_Expired(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, "expired 3m ago", FormatRemainingDuration(-3*time.Minute))
+	assert.Equal(t, "expired 1s ago", FormatRemainingDuration(-500*time.Millisecond))
+}
+
+func TestSessionExpiresLineRendered(t *testing.T) {
+	in := overview // copy of the package-level fixture
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(2*time.Hour + 30*time.Minute).UTC()
+	in.SessionExpiresAt = &deadline
+
+	out := in.GeneralSummary(false, false, false, false)
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "Session expires: ")
+	assert.Contains(t, out, deadline.Format(time.RFC3339))
+	// 2h 30m drifts to "2h 29m" within 60s — match the family prefix.
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "(in 2h ")
+}
+
+func TestSessionExpiresLineOmittedWhenNil(t *testing.T) {
+	in := overview
+	in.SessionExpiresAt = nil
+	out := in.GeneralSummary(false, false, false, false)
+	assert.NotContains(t, out, "Session expires")
+}
+
+func TestMapRelaysTransport(t *testing.T) {
+	out := mapRelays([]*proto.RelayState{
+		{URI: "rels://relay.example:443", Available: true, Transport: "quic"},
+		{URI: "rels://relay2.example:443", Available: true, Transport: "ws"},
+	})
+	require.Len(t, out.Details, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "quic", out.Details[0].Transport)
+	assert.Equal(t, "ws", out.Details[1].Transport)
+}
diff --git a/client/system/info.go b/client/system/info.go
index 175d1f07f..273c7a533 100644
--- a/client/system/info.go
+++ b/client/system/info.go
@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@ package system
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
@@ -62,6 +65,7 @@ type Info struct {
 	RosenpassEnabled    bool
 	RosenpassPermissive bool
 	ServerSSHAllowed    bool
+	RemoteJobsAllowed   bool
 
 	DisableClientRoutes bool
 	DisableServerRoutes bool
@@ -69,29 +73,34 @@ type Info struct {
 	DisableFirewall     bool
 	BlockLANAccess      bool
 	BlockInbound        bool
-
-	LazyConnectionEnabled bool
+	DisableIPv6         bool
 
 	EnableSSHRoot                 bool
 	EnableSSHSFTP                 bool
 	EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding  bool
 	EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding bool
 	DisableSSHAuth                bool
+
+	SyncMessageVersion *int
 }
 
 func (i *Info) SetFlags(
 	rosenpassEnabled, rosenpassPermissive bool,
 	serverSSHAllowed *bool,
 	disableClientRoutes, disableServerRoutes,
-	disableDNS, disableFirewall, blockLANAccess, blockInbound, lazyConnectionEnabled bool,
+	disableDNS, disableFirewall, blockLANAccess, blockInbound, disableIPv6 bool, syncMessageVersion *int,
 	enableSSHRoot, enableSSHSFTP, enableSSHLocalPortForwarding, enableSSHRemotePortForwarding *bool,
 	disableSSHAuth *bool,
+	remoteJobsAllowed *bool,
 ) {
 	i.RosenpassEnabled = rosenpassEnabled
 	i.RosenpassPermissive = rosenpassPermissive
 	if serverSSHAllowed != nil {
 		i.ServerSSHAllowed = *serverSSHAllowed
 	}
+	if remoteJobsAllowed != nil {
+		i.RemoteJobsAllowed = *remoteJobsAllowed
+	}
 
 	i.DisableClientRoutes = disableClientRoutes
 	i.DisableServerRoutes = disableServerRoutes
@@ -99,8 +108,9 @@ func (i *Info) SetFlags(
 	i.DisableFirewall = disableFirewall
 	i.BlockLANAccess = blockLANAccess
 	i.BlockInbound = blockInbound
+	i.DisableIPv6 = disableIPv6
 
-	i.LazyConnectionEnabled = lazyConnectionEnabled
+	i.SyncMessageVersion = syncMessageVersion
 
 	if enableSSHRoot != nil {
 		i.EnableSSHRoot = *enableSSHRoot
@@ -119,6 +129,23 @@ func (i *Info) SetFlags(
 	}
 }
 
+// removeAddresses drops network addresses whose IP matches any of the given
+// addresses, regardless of prefix length. Used to exclude the NetBird overlay
+// address, which otherwise churns the meta as the interface comes and goes.
+func (i *Info) removeAddresses(ips ...netip.Addr) {
+	if len(ips) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	filtered := i.NetworkAddresses[:0]
+	for _, addr := range i.NetworkAddresses {
+		if slices.Contains(ips, addr.NetIP.Addr()) {
+			continue
+		}
+		filtered = append(filtered, addr)
+	}
+	i.NetworkAddresses = filtered
+}
+
 // extractUserAgent extracts Netbird's agent (client) name and version from the outgoing context
 func extractUserAgent(ctx context.Context) string {
 	md, hasMeta := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx)
@@ -145,14 +172,16 @@ func extractDeviceName(ctx context.Context, defaultName string) string {
 }
 
 // GetInfoWithChecks retrieves and parses the system information with applied checks.
-func GetInfoWithChecks(ctx context.Context, checks []*proto.Checks) (*Info, error) {
+// excludeIPs are dropped from the reported network addresses (e.g. our own
+// WireGuard overlay address, which otherwise churns the peer meta).
+func GetInfoWithChecks(ctx context.Context, checks []*proto.Checks, excludeIPs ...netip.Addr) (*Info, error) {
 	log.Debugf("gathering system information with checks: %d", len(checks))
 	processCheckPaths := make([]string, 0)
 	for _, check := range checks {
 		processCheckPaths = append(processCheckPaths, check.GetFiles()...)
 	}
 
-	files, err := checkFileAndProcess(processCheckPaths)
+	files, err := checkFileAndProcess(ctx, processCheckPaths)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -160,7 +189,48 @@ func GetInfoWithChecks(ctx context.Context, checks []*proto.Checks) (*Info, erro
 
 	info := GetInfo(ctx)
 	info.Files = files
+	info.removeAddresses(excludeIPs...)
 
 	log.Debugf("all system information gathered successfully")
 	return info, nil
 }
+
+// GetInfoWithChecksTimeout is GetInfoWithChecks bounded by timeout. Posture-check gathering
+// runs uncancellable system calls (process enumeration, os.Stat), so calling it inline can
+// block the caller for as long as such a call hangs. It runs in a goroutine instead: if it
+// does not return within timeout the caller gets (nil, false) and should proceed with
+// degraded behavior rather than block. On a gathering error it falls back to base GetInfo.
+//
+// The buffered channel lets the abandoned goroutine finish and exit once its blocking call
+// returns, so it does not leak beyond the duration of that call.
+func GetInfoWithChecksTimeout(ctx context.Context, timeout time.Duration, checks []*proto.Checks, excludeIPs ...netip.Addr) (*Info, bool) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	infoCh := make(chan *Info, 1)
+	go func() {
+		info, err := GetInfoWithChecks(ctx, checks, excludeIPs...)
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			log.Warnf("failed to get system info with checks: %v", err)
+			info = GetInfo(ctx)
+			info.removeAddresses(excludeIPs...)
+		}
+		infoCh <- info
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case info := <-infoCh:
+		return info, true
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			log.Warnf("gathering system info with checks timed out after %s", timeout)
+		} else {
+			// Parent context canceled (e.g. shutdown), not a timeout.
+			log.Warnf("gathering system info with checks canceled: %v", ctx.Err())
+		}
+		return nil, false
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/system/info_android.go b/client/system/info_android.go
index 794ff15ed..d4f479386 100644
--- a/client/system/info_android.go
+++ b/client/system/info_android.go
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 		kernelVersion = osInfo[2]
 	}
 
+	addrs, err := networkAddresses()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("discover network addresses: %s", err)
+	}
+
 	gio := &Info{
 		GoOS:               runtime.GOOS,
 		Kernel:             kernel,
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 		NetbirdVersion:     version.NetbirdVersion(),
 		UIVersion:          extractUIVersion(ctx),
 		KernelVersion:      kernelVersion,
+		NetworkAddresses:   addrs,
 		SystemSerialNumber: serial(),
 		SystemProductName:  productModel(),
 		SystemManufacturer: productManufacturer(),
@@ -50,7 +56,7 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 }
 
 // checkFileAndProcess checks if the file path exists and if a process is running at that path.
-func checkFileAndProcess(paths []string) ([]File, error) {
+func checkFileAndProcess(_ context.Context, _ []string) ([]File, error) {
 	return []File{}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/system/info_darwin.go b/client/system/info_darwin.go
index 4a31920ec..e7bf367f6 100644
--- a/client/system/info_darwin.go
+++ b/client/system/info_darwin.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 	sysName := string(bytes.Split(utsname.Sysname[:], []byte{0})[0])
 	machine := string(bytes.Split(utsname.Machine[:], []byte{0})[0])
 	release := string(bytes.Split(utsname.Release[:], []byte{0})[0])
-	swVersion, err := exec.Command("sw_vers", "-productVersion").Output()
+	swVersion, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "sw_vers", "-productVersion").Output()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("got an error while retrieving macOS version with sw_vers, error: %s. Using darwin version instead.\n", err)
 		swVersion = []byte(release)
diff --git a/client/system/info_ios.go b/client/system/info_ios.go
index ad42b1edf..1b0c084b3 100644
--- a/client/system/info_ios.go
+++ b/client/system/info_ios.go
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func isDuplicated(addresses []NetworkAddress, addr NetworkAddress) bool {
 }
 
 // checkFileAndProcess checks if the file path exists and if a process is running at that path.
-func checkFileAndProcess(paths []string) ([]File, error) {
+func checkFileAndProcess(_ context.Context, _ []string) ([]File, error) {
 	return []File{}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/system/info_js.go b/client/system/info_js.go
index 994d439a7..3323fb542 100644
--- a/client/system/info_js.go
+++ b/client/system/info_js.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func UpdateStaticInfoAsync() {
 }
 
 // GetInfo retrieves system information for WASM environment
-func GetInfo(_ context.Context) *Info {
+func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 	info := &Info{
 		GoOS:           runtime.GOOS,
 		Kernel:         runtime.GOARCH,
@@ -30,6 +30,13 @@ func GetInfo(_ context.Context) *Info {
 	collectBrowserInfo(info)
 	collectLocationInfo(info)
 	collectSystemInfo(info)
+
+	// A caller-provided device name wins, as on the other platforms. A peer
+	// registered over an API keeps reporting the name it was registered with,
+	// so its meta does not change on the first sync.
+	if name := extractDeviceName(ctx, info.Hostname); name != "" {
+		info.Hostname = name
+	}
 	return info
 }
 
@@ -103,7 +110,7 @@ func collectLocationInfo(info *Info) {
 	}
 }
 
-func checkFileAndProcess(_ []string) ([]File, error) {
+func checkFileAndProcess(_ context.Context, _ []string) ([]File, error) {
 	return []File{}, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/client/system/info_js_test.go b/client/system/info_js_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2a33ada0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/system/info_js_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build js
+
+package system
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestGetInfoHonorsDeviceName covers a caller-provided device name reaching the
+// reported hostname, so a peer registered over an API keeps reporting the name
+// it was registered with instead of renaming itself on its first sync.
+func TestGetInfoHonorsDeviceName(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), DeviceNameCtxKey, "session-name")
+	if got := GetInfo(ctx).Hostname; got != "session-name" {
+		t.Errorf("hostname should carry the caller's device name, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetInfoWithoutDeviceNameKeepsFallback covers the embed layer's habit of
+// always setting the context value: an empty name must not blank the hostname.
+func TestGetInfoWithoutDeviceNameKeepsFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), DeviceNameCtxKey, "")
+	if got := GetInfo(ctx).Hostname; got == "" {
+		t.Error("an empty device name must not blank the hostname")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/system/info_linux.go b/client/system/info_linux.go
index 6c7a23b95..de37a9f5b 100644
--- a/client/system/info_linux.go
+++ b/client/system/info_linux.go
@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@
 package system
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
-	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/zcalusic/sysinfo"
 
@@ -29,19 +28,11 @@ func UpdateStaticInfoAsync() {
 
 // GetInfo retrieves and parses the system information
 func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
-	info := _getInfo()
-	for strings.Contains(info, "broken pipe") {
-		info = _getInfo()
-		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
-	}
-
-	osStr := strings.ReplaceAll(info, "\n", "")
-	osStr = strings.ReplaceAll(osStr, "\r\n", "")
-	osInfo := strings.Split(osStr, " ")
+	kernelName, kernelVersion, kernelPlatform := kernelInfo()
 
 	osName, osVersion := readOsReleaseFile()
 	if osName == "" {
-		osName = osInfo[3]
+		osName = kernelName
 	}
 
 	systemHostname, _ := os.Hostname()
@@ -58,8 +49,8 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 	}
 
 	gio := &Info{
-		Kernel:             osInfo[0],
-		Platform:           osInfo[2],
+		Kernel:             kernelName,
+		Platform:           kernelPlatform,
 		OS:                 osName,
 		OSVersion:          osVersion,
 		Hostname:           extractDeviceName(ctx, systemHostname),
@@ -67,7 +58,7 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 		CPUs:               runtime.NumCPU(),
 		NetbirdVersion:     version.NetbirdVersion(),
 		UIVersion:          extractUserAgent(ctx),
-		KernelVersion:      osInfo[1],
+		KernelVersion:      kernelVersion,
 		NetworkAddresses:   addrs,
 		SystemSerialNumber: si.SystemSerialNumber,
 		SystemProductName:  si.SystemProductName,
@@ -78,18 +69,12 @@ func GetInfo(ctx context.Context) *Info {
 	return gio
 }
 
-func _getInfo() string {
-	cmd := exec.Command("uname", "-srio")
-	cmd.Stdin = strings.NewReader("some")
-	var out bytes.Buffer
-	var stderr bytes.Buffer
-	cmd.Stdout = &out
-	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
-	err := cmd.Run()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("getInfo: %s", err)
+func kernelInfo() (string, string, string) {
+	var uts unix.Utsname
+	if err := unix.Uname(&uts); err != nil {
+		return "", "", ""
 	}
-	return out.String()
+	return unix.ByteSliceToString(uts.Sysname[:]), unix.ByteSliceToString(uts.Release[:]), unix.ByteSliceToString(uts.Machine[:])
 }
 
 func sysInfo() (string, string, string) {
diff --git a/client/system/info_source.go b/client/system/info_source.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..050e094e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/system/info_source.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// InfoSource gathers the system info sent to management, keeping the posture
+// check results from the last Refresh for the cheap Current snapshots.
+type InfoSource struct {
+	files atomic.Pointer[[]File]
+}
+
+// Refresh gathers the info with the posture checks evaluated, bounded by timeout.
+func (s *InfoSource) Refresh(ctx context.Context, timeout time.Duration, checks []*proto.Checks, excludeIPs ...netip.Addr) (*Info, bool) {
+	info, ok := GetInfoWithChecksTimeout(ctx, timeout, checks, excludeIPs...)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	files := slices.Clone(info.Files)
+	s.files.Store(&files)
+	return info, true
+}
+
+// Current gathers the info without evaluating the checks, reusing the last Refresh results.
+func (s *InfoSource) Current(ctx context.Context, excludeIPs ...netip.Addr) *Info {
+	info := GetInfo(ctx)
+	info.removeAddresses(excludeIPs...)
+	if files := s.files.Load(); files != nil {
+		info.Files = *files
+	}
+	return info
+}
diff --git a/client/system/info_source_test.go b/client/system/info_source_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c86806af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/system/info_source_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func TestInfoSource_CurrentBeforeRefresh(t *testing.T) {
+	var src InfoSource
+
+	info := src.Current(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Empty(t, info.Files)
+}
+
+func TestInfoSource_CurrentReusesRefreshedFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "agent")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, nil, 0o600))
+	checks := []*proto.Checks{{Files: []string{path}}}
+
+	var src InfoSource
+	refreshed, ok := src.Refresh(context.Background(), 15*time.Second, checks)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	require.Equal(t, []File{{Path: path, Exist: true}}, refreshed.Files)
+
+	info := src.Current(context.Background())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, refreshed.Files, info.Files)
+}
+
+func TestInfoSource_CurrentExcludesAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	addrs := GetInfo(context.Background()).NetworkAddresses
+	if len(addrs) == 0 {
+		t.Skip("no network addresses on this host")
+	}
+	excluded := addrs[0].NetIP.Addr()
+	matching := 0
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		if addr.NetIP.Addr() == excluded {
+			matching++
+		}
+	}
+
+	var src InfoSource
+	info := src.Current(context.Background(), excluded)
+
+	assert.Len(t, info.NetworkAddresses, len(addrs)-matching)
+	for _, addr := range info.NetworkAddresses {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, excluded, addr.NetIP.Addr())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/system/info_test.go b/client/system/info_test.go
index 27821f3c5..a7fa02197 100644
--- a/client/system/info_test.go
+++ b/client/system/info_test.go
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package system
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
@@ -34,6 +36,20 @@ func Test_CustomHostname(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, want, got.Hostname)
 }
 
+func TestGetInfoWithChecksTimeout_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	info, ok := GetInfoWithChecksTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second, nil)
+	assert.True(t, ok, "expected gathering to complete within the timeout")
+	assert.NotNil(t, info)
+}
+
+func TestGetInfoWithChecksTimeout_Timeout(t *testing.T) {
+	// A 1ns budget expires before the (real) system-info gathering can finish, so the
+	// caller must get (nil, false) instead of blocking on the in-flight goroutine.
+	info, ok := GetInfoWithChecksTimeout(context.Background(), time.Nanosecond, nil)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "expected timeout to be reported")
+	assert.Nil(t, info)
+}
+
 func Test_NetAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 	addr, err := networkAddresses()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -43,3 +59,42 @@ func Test_NetAddresses(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("no network addresses found")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestInfo_RemoveAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := func(cidr string) NetworkAddress {
+		return NetworkAddress{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix(cidr)}
+	}
+
+	info := &Info{
+		NetworkAddresses: []NetworkAddress{
+			addr("192.168.1.7/24"),
+			addr("100.76.70.97/32"),                          // overlay v4 (host mask /32)
+			addr("2001:818:c51b:4800:845:a65d:ae6f:623f/64"), // real global v6
+			addr("fd00:1234::1/64"),                          // overlay v6
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Overlay addresses as the engine knows them, with a different mask (/16, /64).
+	info.removeAddresses(
+		netip.MustParseAddr("100.76.70.97"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1"),
+	)
+
+	want := []string{"192.168.1.7/24", "2001:818:c51b:4800:845:a65d:ae6f:623f/64"}
+	if len(info.NetworkAddresses) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d addresses, want %d: %v", len(info.NetworkAddresses), len(want), info.NetworkAddresses)
+	}
+	for i, w := range want {
+		if got := info.NetworkAddresses[i].NetIP.String(); got != w {
+			t.Errorf("address[%d] = %s, want %s", i, got, w)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInfo_RemoveAddresses_NoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	info := &Info{NetworkAddresses: []NetworkAddress{{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/24")}}}
+	info.removeAddresses()
+	if len(info.NetworkAddresses) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected no change with empty input, got %v", info.NetworkAddresses)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/system/network_addr.go b/client/system/network_addr.go
index 5423cf8ad..505a6f0ea 100644
--- a/client/system/network_addr.go
+++ b/client/system/network_addr.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !ios
+//go:build !ios && !android
 
 package system
 
@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ func toNetworkAddress(address net.Addr, mac string) (NetworkAddress, bool) {
 	if !ok {
 		return NetworkAddress{}, false
 	}
-	if ipNet.IP.IsLoopback() {
+	// Skip link-local and multicast: they carry no routable peer info and the
+	// IPv6 link-local of a flapping NIC churns the meta on every up/down.
+	if ipNet.IP.IsLoopback() || ipNet.IP.IsLinkLocalUnicast() || ipNet.IP.IsMulticast() {
 		return NetworkAddress{}, false
 	}
 	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(ipNet.String())
diff --git a/client/system/network_addr_android.go b/client/system/network_addr_android.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99a71e105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/system/network_addr_android.go
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var iFaceDiscover IFaceDiscover
+
+type IFaceDiscover interface {
+	IFaces() (string, error)
+}
+
+// SetIFaceDiscover configures the Android interface discovery provider.
+func SetIFaceDiscover(discover IFaceDiscover) {
+	iFaceDiscover = discover
+}
+
+func networkAddresses() ([]NetworkAddress, error) {
+	if iFaceDiscover == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	ifaces, err := iFaceDiscover.IFaces()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var netAddresses []NetworkAddress
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(ifaces, "\n") {
+		addresses, ok := interfaceAddresses(line)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, address := range addresses {
+			netAddr, ok := toNetworkAddress(address)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			if isDuplicated(netAddresses, netAddr) {
+				continue
+			}
+			netAddresses = append(netAddresses, netAddr)
+		}
+	}
+	return netAddresses, nil
+}
+
+func interfaceAddresses(line string) ([]string, bool) {
+	parts := strings.Split(line, "|")
+	if len(parts) != 2 {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	flags := strings.Fields(parts[0])
+	if len(flags) != 8 {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	up, loopback := flags[3], flags[5]
+	if up != "true" || loopback == "true" {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return strings.Fields(parts[1]), true
+}
+
+func toNetworkAddress(address string) (NetworkAddress, bool) {
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return NetworkAddress{}, false
+	}
+	if prefix.Addr().Is4In6() {
+		if prefix.Bits() < 96 {
+			return NetworkAddress{}, false
+		}
+		prefix = netip.PrefixFrom(prefix.Addr().Unmap(), prefix.Bits()-96)
+	}
+	ip := prefix.Addr()
+	if ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() || ip.IsMulticast() {
+		return NetworkAddress{}, false
+	}
+	return NetworkAddress{NetIP: prefix}, true
+}
+
+func isDuplicated(addresses []NetworkAddress, addr NetworkAddress) bool {
+	for _, duplicated := range addresses {
+		if duplicated.NetIP == addr.NetIP {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/system/network_addr_test.go b/client/system/network_addr_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0be40f0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/system/network_addr_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//go:build !ios && !android
+
+package system
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func mustIPNet(t *testing.T, cidr string) *net.IPNet {
+	t.Helper()
+	ip, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(cidr)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("parse %q: %v", cidr, err)
+	}
+	ipNet.IP = ip
+	return ipNet
+}
+
+func TestToNetworkAddress_Filtering(t *testing.T) {
+	const mac = "c8:4b:d6:b6:04:ac"
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		cidr string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"ipv4 global", "10.65.16.181/23", true},
+		{"ipv6 global", "2620:52:0:4110:102d:6a98:ee75:8b92/64", true},
+		{"ipv4 loopback", "127.0.0.1/8", false},
+		{"ipv6 loopback", "::1/128", false},
+		{"ipv6 link-local", "fe80::871:4c25:23d7:2529/64", false},
+		{"ipv4 link-local", "169.254.1.2/16", false},
+		{"ipv6 multicast", "ff02::1/128", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, got := toNetworkAddress(mustIPNet(t, tt.cidr), mac)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("toNetworkAddress(%s) ok = %v, want %v", tt.cidr, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/system/process.go b/client/system/process.go
index 87e21eb9d..fefa7d913 100644
--- a/client/system/process.go
+++ b/client/system/process.go
@@ -3,24 +3,30 @@
 package system
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"os"
 	"slices"
 
-	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3/process"
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/process"
 )
 
-// getRunningProcesses returns a list of running process paths.
-func getRunningProcesses() ([]string, error) {
-	processIDs, err := process.Pids()
+// getRunningProcesses returns a list of running process paths. The context bounds the work:
+// the per-PID loop bails as soon as ctx is done, and the gopsutil calls honor it where they
+// can, so a stuck enumeration cannot run unbounded.
+func getRunningProcesses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+	processIDs, err := process.PidsWithContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	processMap := make(map[string]bool)
 	for _, pID := range processIDs {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		p := &process.Process{Pid: pID}
 
-		path, _ := p.Exe()
+		path, _ := p.ExeWithContext(ctx)
 		if path != "" {
 			processMap[path] = false
 		}
@@ -35,18 +41,21 @@ func getRunningProcesses() ([]string, error) {
 }
 
 // checkFileAndProcess checks if the file path exists and if a process is running at that path.
-func checkFileAndProcess(paths []string) ([]File, error) {
+func checkFileAndProcess(ctx context.Context, paths []string) ([]File, error) {
 	files := make([]File, len(paths))
 	if len(paths) == 0 {
 		return files, nil
 	}
 
-	runningProcesses, err := getRunningProcesses()
+	runningProcesses, err := getRunningProcesses(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	for i, path := range paths {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		file := File{Path: path}
 
 		_, err := os.Stat(path)
diff --git a/client/system/process_test.go b/client/system/process_test.go
index 505808a9e..de1cfc1db 100644
--- a/client/system/process_test.go
+++ b/client/system/process_test.go
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
+//go:build windows || (linux && !android) || (darwin && !ios) || freebsd
+
 package system
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3/process"
+	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4/process"
 )
 
 func Benchmark_getRunningProcesses(b *testing.B) {
 	b.Run("getRunningProcesses new", func(b *testing.B) {
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			ps, err := getRunningProcesses()
+			ps, err := getRunningProcesses(context.Background())
 			if err != nil {
 				b.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -29,12 +32,38 @@ func Benchmark_getRunningProcesses(b *testing.B) {
 			}
 		}
 	})
-	s, _ := getRunningProcesses()
+	s, _ := getRunningProcesses(context.Background())
 	b.Logf("getRunningProcesses returned %d processes", len(s))
 	s, _ = getRunningProcessesOld()
 	b.Logf("getRunningProcessesOld returned %d processes", len(s))
 }
 
+func TestCheckFileAndProcess_ContextCanceled(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	// With a canceled context and non-empty paths the gathering must bail with an error
+	// instead of running the (potentially blocking) process scan / stat loop.
+	if _, err := checkFileAndProcess(ctx, []string{"/does/not/exist"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error on canceled context, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckFileAndProcess_EmptyPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	// No check paths means no work to do: it must return immediately with no error,
+	// even on a canceled context (nothing to scan or stat).
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	files, err := checkFileAndProcess(ctx, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error for empty paths: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(files) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no files, got %d", len(files))
+	}
+}
+
 func getRunningProcessesOld() ([]string, error) {
 	processes, err := process.Processes()
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/client/test/json-socket-docker.sh b/client/test/json-socket-docker.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a878f13d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/test/json-socket-docker.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -eEuo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage: client/test/json-socket-docker.sh [tcp|unix|both]
+
+Builds the NetBird client Docker image from the local source tree, starts
+`netbird service run` in a container with --enable-json-socket, and verifies
+that the HTTP/JSON daemon gateway responds to Status requests.
+
+Modes:
+  tcp   Validate tcp://0.0.0.0:8080 via a published localhost port (default)
+  unix  Validate unix:///sock/netbird-http.sock via a bind-mounted socket dir
+  both  Run both validations
+
+Environment:
+  CONTAINER_RUNTIME  docker or podman. Auto-detected if unset.
+  IMAGE              Image tag to build. Default: netbird-json-socket-test:local
+  TARGETARCH         Go/Docker target arch. Default: `go env GOARCH`
+  PLATFORM           Docker platform. Default: linux/$TARGETARCH
+  WAIT_TIMEOUT       Seconds to wait for the JSON socket. Default: 30
+EOF
+}
+
+if [[ "${1:-}" == "-h" || "${1:-}" == "--help" ]]; then
+  usage
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+MODE="${1:-tcp}"
+case "${MODE}" in
+  tcp|unix|both) ;;
+  *)
+    usage >&2
+    echo "invalid mode: ${MODE}" >&2
+    exit 2
+    ;;
+esac
+
+RUNTIME="${CONTAINER_RUNTIME:-}"
+if [[ -z "${RUNTIME}" ]]; then
+  if command -v docker >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    RUNTIME=docker
+  elif command -v podman >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    RUNTIME=podman
+  else
+    echo "docker or podman is required" >&2
+    exit 127
+  fi
+fi
+if ! command -v "${RUNTIME}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "container runtime not found: ${RUNTIME}" >&2
+  exit 127
+fi
+
+if ! command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "curl is required" >&2
+  exit 127
+fi
+
+ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.." && pwd)"
+IMAGE="${IMAGE:-netbird-json-socket-test:local}"
+TARGETARCH="${TARGETARCH:-$(go env GOARCH)}"
+PLATFORM="${PLATFORM:-linux/${TARGETARCH}}"
+WAIT_TIMEOUT="${WAIT_TIMEOUT:-30}"
+TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d)"
+CONTAINERS=()
+
+cleanup() {
+  local status=$?
+  for container in "${CONTAINERS[@]:-}"; do
+    "${RUNTIME}" rm -f "${container}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+  done
+  rm -rf "${TMP_DIR}"
+  exit "${status}"
+}
+trap cleanup EXIT
+
+build_image() {
+  echo "==> Building Linux ${TARGETARCH} netbird binary"
+  mkdir -p "${TMP_DIR}/context/client"
+  cp "${ROOT_DIR}/client/Dockerfile" "${TMP_DIR}/context/Dockerfile"
+  cp "${ROOT_DIR}/client/netbird-entrypoint.sh" "${TMP_DIR}/context/client/netbird-entrypoint.sh"
+
+  (cd "${ROOT_DIR}" && CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH="${TARGETARCH}" go build -o "${TMP_DIR}/context/netbird" ./client)
+
+  echo "==> Building ${IMAGE} for ${PLATFORM}"
+  "${RUNTIME}" build \
+    --platform "${PLATFORM}" \
+    --build-arg NETBIRD_BINARY=netbird \
+    -t "${IMAGE}" \
+    -f "${TMP_DIR}/context/Dockerfile" \
+    "${TMP_DIR}/context"
+}
+
+pick_port() {
+  python3 - <<'PY'
+import socket
+sock = socket.socket()
+sock.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+print(sock.getsockname()[1])
+sock.close()
+PY
+}
+
+assert_status_json() {
+  local response_file="$1"
+  if command -v python3 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    python3 - "${response_file}" <<'PY'
+import json
+import sys
+with open(sys.argv[1], encoding="utf-8") as fh:
+    data = json.load(fh)
+if not data.get("status"):
+    raise SystemExit("missing non-empty status field")
+if "daemonVersion" not in data:
+    raise SystemExit("missing daemonVersion field")
+print(f"status={data['status']} daemonVersion={data['daemonVersion']}")
+PY
+  else
+    grep -q '"status"' "${response_file}"
+    grep -q '"daemonVersion"' "${response_file}"
+    cat "${response_file}"
+  fi
+}
+
+container_logs() {
+  local container="$1"
+  echo "---- ${container} logs ----" >&2
+  "${RUNTIME}" logs "${container}" >&2 || true
+  echo "--------------------------" >&2
+}
+
+wait_for_http_status() {
+  local container="$1"
+  local response="${TMP_DIR}/${container}.json"
+  local curl_err="${TMP_DIR}/${container}.curl.err"
+  shift
+  local deadline=$((SECONDS + WAIT_TIMEOUT))
+
+  while (( SECONDS < deadline )); do
+    if curl -fsS "$@" \
+      -X POST \
+      -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
+      -d '{}' \
+      -o "${response}" \
+      2>"${curl_err}"; then
+      assert_status_json "${response}"
+      return 0
+    fi
+
+    if ! "${RUNTIME}" ps --format '{{.Names}}' | grep -Fxq "${container}"; then
+      echo "container exited before JSON socket became ready" >&2
+      container_logs "${container}"
+      return 1
+    fi
+    sleep 1
+  done
+
+  echo "timed out waiting for JSON socket after ${WAIT_TIMEOUT}s" >&2
+  cat "${curl_err}" >&2 || true
+  container_logs "${container}"
+  return 1
+}
+
+run_netbird_container() {
+  local container="$1"
+  local json_socket="$2"
+  shift 2
+
+  CONTAINERS+=("${container}")
+  "${RUNTIME}" run --rm -d \
+    --name "${container}" \
+    -e NB_STATE_DIR=/tmp/netbird-state \
+    --entrypoint /usr/local/bin/netbird \
+    "$@" \
+    "${IMAGE}" \
+    --log-file console \
+    --daemon-addr unix:///tmp/netbird.sock \
+    service run \
+    --enable-json-socket \
+    --json-socket "${json_socket}" >/dev/null
+}
+
+run_tcp_test() {
+  local port container
+  port="$(pick_port)"
+  container="nb-json-socket-tcp-$RANDOM-$RANDOM"
+
+  echo "==> Validating TCP JSON socket on 127.0.0.1:${port}"
+  run_netbird_container "${container}" "tcp://0.0.0.0:8080" -p "127.0.0.1:${port}:8080"
+  wait_for_http_status "${container}" "http://127.0.0.1:${port}/daemon.DaemonService/Status"
+}
+
+run_unix_test() {
+  local sock_dir sock_path container
+  sock_dir="${TMP_DIR}/sock"
+  sock_path="${sock_dir}/netbird-http.sock"
+  container="nb-json-socket-unix-$RANDOM-$RANDOM"
+  mkdir -p "${sock_dir}"
+
+  echo "==> Validating Unix JSON socket at ${sock_path}"
+  run_netbird_container "${container}" "unix:///sock/netbird-http.sock" -v "${sock_dir}:/sock"
+  wait_for_http_status "${container}" --unix-socket "${sock_path}" "http://unix/daemon.DaemonService/Status"
+}
+
+build_image
+
+case "${MODE}" in
+  tcp)
+    run_tcp_test
+    ;;
+  unix)
+    run_unix_test
+    ;;
+  both)
+    run_tcp_test
+    run_unix_test
+    ;;
+esac
+
+echo "==> Docker JSON socket validation passed (${MODE})"
diff --git a/client/testutil/privileged/runner_test.go b/client/testutil/privileged/runner_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..157005d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/testutil/privileged/runner_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//go:build privileged && (linux || darwin)
+
+// Package privileged provides a self-hosting harness that runs the repo's
+// privileged-tagged test suite inside a --privileged --cap-add=NET_ADMIN
+// container, so developers can exercise the root/system-mutating tests on a
+// non-root host with a single `go test` invocation.
+package privileged
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/moby/moby/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/ory/dockertest/v4"
+)
+
+// containerImage / containerTag match the image used by the CI privileged job
+// (.github/workflows/golang-test-linux.yml, test_client_on_docker).
+const (
+	containerImage = "golang"
+	containerTag   = "1.26.7-alpine"
+)
+
+const (
+	containerWorkdir    = "/app"
+	containerGoCache    = "/root/.cache/go-build"
+	containerGoModCache = "/go/pkg/mod"
+)
+
+// alpinePackages are the build/runtime deps the privileged tests need, mirroring
+// the CI container setup.
+const alpinePackages = "ca-certificates iptables ip6tables dbus dbus-dev libpcap-dev build-base"
+
+// privilegedTestPackages is the package list the suite runs, excluding the
+// server-side trees and UI/upload helpers, matching the CI Docker job's filter.
+const privilegedTestPackages = `go list -buildvcs=false ./... | grep -v -e /management -e /signal -e /relay -e /proxy -e /combined -e /client/ui -e /upload-server`
+
+// testWriter forwards container output to the test log line by line.
+type testWriter struct{ t *testing.T }
+
+func (w testWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(string(p), "\n"), "\n") {
+		w.t.Log(line)
+	}
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+// TestRunPrivilegedSuiteInDocker spins up a privileged container, mounts the repo,
+// and runs `go test -tags 'devcert privileged'` inside it. When already running
+// inside that container (DOCKER_CI=true) it returns immediately so the real
+// privileged tests in the suite execute in place instead of recursing.
+func TestRunPrivilegedSuiteInDocker(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("DOCKER_CI") == "true" {
+		t.Skip("inside privileged container, skipping container spawn; privileged tests run in place")
+	}
+
+	repoRoot, err := findRepoRoot()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("locate repo root: %v", err)
+	}
+	goCache, goModCache := hostGoCaches(t)
+
+	// dockertest reads DOCKER_HOST; point it at the active context's socket when
+	// the default one is absent (macOS Docker Desktop, Colima, OrbStack).
+	if host := dockerHost(); host != "" {
+		t.Setenv("DOCKER_HOST", host)
+	}
+
+	// NewPoolT registers container cleanup via t.Cleanup automatically.
+	pool := dockertest.NewPoolT(t, "", dockertest.WithMaxWait(30*time.Minute))
+
+	// Keep the container alive so the suite runs via Exec, which yields a clean
+	// exit code (the v4 Resource API exposes no container wait/exit-code).
+	resource := pool.RunT(t, containerImage,
+		dockertest.WithTag(containerTag),
+		dockertest.WithWorkingDir(containerWorkdir),
+		dockertest.WithMounts([]string{
+			repoRoot + ":" + containerWorkdir,
+			goCache + ":" + containerGoCache,
+			goModCache + ":" + containerGoModCache,
+		}),
+		dockertest.WithEnv([]string{
+			"CGO_ENABLED=1",
+			"CI=true",
+			"DOCKER_CI=true",
+			"CONTAINER=true",
+			"GOCACHE=" + containerGoCache,
+			"GOMODCACHE=" + containerGoModCache,
+		}),
+		dockertest.WithCmd([]string{"sleep", "infinity"}),
+		dockertest.WithHostConfig(func(hc *container.HostConfig) {
+			hc.Privileged = true
+			hc.CapAdd = []string{"NET_ADMIN"}
+		}),
+		dockertest.WithoutReuse(),
+	)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	result, err := resource.Exec(ctx, []string{"sh", "-c", buildTestScript()})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("run privileged suite in container: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	w := testWriter{t}
+	_, _ = w.Write([]byte(result.StdOut))
+	_, _ = w.Write([]byte(result.StdErr))
+
+	if result.ExitCode != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("privileged test suite failed in container (exit code %d)", result.ExitCode)
+	}
+}
+
+// findRepoRoot walks up from the test's working directory to the module root.
+func findRepoRoot() (string, error) {
+	dir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	for {
+		if _, statErr := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "go.mod")); statErr == nil {
+			return dir, nil
+		}
+		parent := filepath.Dir(dir)
+		if parent == dir {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("go.mod not found above %s", dir)
+		}
+		dir = parent
+	}
+}
+
+// dockerHost returns a DOCKER_HOST override when the default socket is missing.
+// An empty result means the caller should leave DOCKER_HOST untouched (it is
+// already set, or the default unix socket exists). When neither is present
+// (common on macOS Docker Desktop, Colima and OrbStack, which use a per-user
+// socket), it resolves the active docker context's endpoint.
+func dockerHost() string {
+	if os.Getenv("DOCKER_HOST") != "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/var/run/docker.sock"); err == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	out, err := exec.Command("docker", "context", "inspect", "-f", "{{.Endpoints.docker.Host}}").Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+}
+
+// hostGoCaches resolves the host GOCACHE/GOMODCACHE so the container reuses the
+// existing build/module cache for speed.
+func hostGoCaches(t *testing.T) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	return goEnv(t, "GOCACHE"), goEnv(t, "GOMODCACHE")
+}
+
+func goEnv(t *testing.T, key string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "env", key)
+	cmd.Stdout = &out
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("go env %s: %v", key, err)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(out.String())
+}
+
+// buildTestScript builds the in-container command. PRIV_PKGS overrides the package
+// list (default: the full filtered set); PRIV_RUN adds a -run test-name filter.
+// Both empty reproduces the full privileged suite.
+func buildTestScript() string {
+	pkgs := privilegedTestPackages + " | xargs"
+	if p := os.Getenv("PRIV_PKGS"); p != "" {
+		pkgs = "echo " + p + " | xargs"
+	}
+
+	runFilter := ""
+	if r := os.Getenv("PRIV_RUN"); r != "" {
+		runFilter = "-run '" + r + "' "
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"apk update >/dev/null && apk add --no-cache %s >/dev/null && %s go test -buildvcs=false -tags 'devcert privileged' %s-v -timeout 20m -p 1",
+		alpinePackages, pkgs, runFilter,
+	)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/.gitignore b/client/ui/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f233d8b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.task
+bin
+frontend/dist
+frontend/node_modules
+frontend/bindings
+frontend/.vite
+build/linux/appimage/build
+build/windows/nsis/MicrosoftEdgeWebview2Setup.exe
diff --git a/client/ui/Netbird.icns b/client/ui/Netbird.icns
deleted file mode 100644
index 20af72825..000000000
Binary files a/client/ui/Netbird.icns and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/client/ui/Taskfile.yml b/client/ui/Taskfile.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d0af9018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/Taskfile.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  common: ./build/Taskfile.yml
+  windows: ./build/windows/Taskfile.yml
+  darwin: ./build/darwin/Taskfile.yml
+  linux: ./build/linux/Taskfile.yml
+
+vars:
+  APP_NAME: "netbird-ui"
+  BIN_DIR: "bin"
+  VITE_PORT: '{{.WAILS_VITE_PORT | default 9245}}'
+
+tasks:
+  build:
+    summary: Builds the application
+    cmds:
+      - task: "{{OS}}:build"
+
+  package:
+    summary: Packages a production build of the application
+    cmds:
+      - task: "{{OS}}:package"
+
+  run:
+    summary: Runs the application
+    cmds:
+      - task: "{{OS}}:run"
+
+  dev:
+    summary: Runs the application in development mode
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 dev -config ./build/config.yml -port {{.VITE_PORT}}
+
+  setup:docker:
+    summary: Builds Docker image for cross-compilation (~800MB download)
+    cmds:
+      - task: common:setup:docker
+
+  build:server:
+    summary: Builds the application in server mode (no GUI, HTTP server only)
+    cmds:
+      - task: common:build:server
+
+  run:server:
+    summary: Runs the application in server mode
+    cmds:
+      - task: common:run:server
+
+  build:docker:
+    summary: Builds a Docker image for server mode deployment
+    cmds:
+      - task: common:build:docker
+
+  run:docker:
+    summary: Builds and runs the Docker image
+    cmds:
+      - task: common:run:docker
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deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/client/ui/assets/netbird.ico b/client/ui/assets/netbird.ico
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diff --git a/client/ui/assets/svg/needs-login.svg b/client/ui/assets/svg/needs-login.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c01b48d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/assets/svg/needs-login.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none">
+  <g transform="translate(0.5 4.5) scale(1.0)" opacity="0.7">
+    <path d="M21.4631 0.523438C17.8173 0.857913 16.0028 2.95675 15.3171 4.01871L4.66406 22.4734H17.5163L30.1929 0.523438H21.4631Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+    <path d="M17.5265 22.4737L0 3.88525C0 3.88525 19.8177 -1.44128 21.7493 15.1738L17.5265 22.4737Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+    <path d="M14.9236 4.70563L9.54688 14.0208L17.5158 22.4747L21.7385 15.158C21.0696 9.44682 18.2851 6.32784 14.9236 4.69727" fill="#F05252"/>
+  </g>
+  <circle cx="25" cy="25" r="7" fill="white"/>
+  <path d="M 22.6 24.5 v -1.4 a 2.4 2.4 0 0 1 4.8 0 v 1.4" fill="none" stroke="#D97706" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/>
+  <rect x="21.6" y="24.5" width="6.8" height="4.9" rx="0.9" fill="none" stroke="#D97706" stroke-width="1.5"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/client/ui/assets/svg/netbird-menu.svg b/client/ui/assets/svg/netbird-menu.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd4e9d65d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/assets/svg/netbird-menu.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<svg width="32" height="32" viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+  <g transform="translate(0.5 4.5)">
+    <path d="M21.4631 0.523438C17.8173 0.857913 16.0028 2.95675 15.3171 4.01871L4.66406 22.4734H17.5163L30.1929 0.523438H21.4631Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+    <path d="M17.5265 22.4737L0 3.88525C0 3.88525 19.8177 -1.44128 21.7493 15.1738L17.5265 22.4737Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+    <path d="M14.9236 4.70563L9.54688 14.0208L17.5158 22.4747L21.7385 15.158C21.0696 9.44682 18.2851 6.32784 14.9236 4.69727" fill="#F05252"/>
+  </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/client/ui/authsession/service.go b/client/ui/authsession/service.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c094c2a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/authsession/service.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package authsession
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+type ExtendStartParams struct {
+	// Hint is the OIDC login_hint, typically the user's email.
+	Hint string `json:"hint"`
+}
+
+type ExtendStartResult struct {
+	VerificationURI         string `json:"verificationUri"`
+	VerificationURIComplete string `json:"verificationUriComplete"`
+	UserCode                string `json:"userCode"`
+	DeviceCode              string `json:"deviceCode"`
+	ExpiresIn               int64  `json:"expiresIn"`
+}
+
+type ExtendWaitParams struct {
+	DeviceCode string `json:"deviceCode"`
+	UserCode   string `json:"userCode"`
+}
+
+// ExtendResult: ExpiresAt is nil when the peer is ineligible for extension.
+// Preempted means a newer WaitExtend took over the IdP poll — a no-op, not a failure.
+type ExtendResult struct {
+	ExpiresAt *time.Time `json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
+	Preempted bool       `json:"preempted,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// DaemonConn duplicates services.DaemonConn to avoid an import cycle.
+type DaemonConn interface {
+	Client() (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error)
+}
+
+// Session bundles the session-auth daemon RPCs the UI drives.
+type Session struct {
+	conn DaemonConn
+}
+
+func NewSession(conn DaemonConn) *Session {
+	return &Session{conn: conn}
+}
+
+// RequestExtend starts the SSO session-extension flow on the daemon.
+func (s *Session) RequestExtend(ctx context.Context, p ExtendStartParams) (ExtendStartResult, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ExtendStartResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	// a request from the UI implies a graphical session, which the daemon cannot detect itself
+	req := &proto.RequestExtendAuthSessionRequest{HasGraphicalSession: true}
+	hint := p.Hint
+	if hint == "" {
+		pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
+		if active, perr := pm.GetActiveProfile(); perr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to get active profile for login hint: %v", perr)
+		} else if state, serr := pm.GetProfileState(active.ID); serr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to get profile state for login hint: %v", serr)
+		} else {
+			hint = state.Email
+		}
+	}
+	if hint != "" {
+		req.Hint = &hint
+	}
+
+	resp, err := cli.RequestExtendAuthSession(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ExtendStartResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	return ExtendStartResult{
+		VerificationURI:         resp.GetVerificationURI(),
+		VerificationURIComplete: resp.GetVerificationURIComplete(),
+		UserCode:                resp.GetUserCode(),
+		DeviceCode:              resp.GetDeviceCode(),
+		ExpiresIn:               resp.GetExpiresIn(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// WaitExtend blocks until the user completes the SSO flow started by RequestExtend.
+func (s *Session) WaitExtend(ctx context.Context, p ExtendWaitParams) (ExtendResult, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ExtendResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	resp, err := cli.WaitExtendAuthSession(ctx, &proto.WaitExtendAuthSessionRequest{
+		DeviceCode: p.DeviceCode,
+		UserCode:   p.UserCode,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		if st, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && st.Code() == codes.Canceled {
+			return ExtendResult{Preempted: true}, nil
+		}
+		return ExtendResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	out := ExtendResult{}
+	if ts := resp.GetSessionExpiresAt(); ts.IsValid() && !ts.AsTime().IsZero() {
+		t := ts.AsTime().UTC()
+		out.ExpiresAt = &t
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// DismissWarning suppresses the daemon's T-FinalWarningLead fallback dialog for
+// the current deadline. Best-effort: a stale call is silently swallowed daemon-side.
+func (s *Session) DismissWarning(ctx context.Context) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = cli.DismissSessionWarning(ctx, &proto.DismissSessionWarningRequest{})
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/authsession/warning.go b/client/ui/authsession/warning.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91ae7f101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/authsession/warning.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+// Package authsession holds the UI-side domain logic for the SSO
+// session-extend feature. The Wails facades in client/ui/services/session*.go
+// are thin adapters over these types.
+package authsession
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/auth/sessionwatch"
+)
+
+// Re-exported from sessionwatch so UI-side consumers don't import the
+// daemon-internal package directly.
+const (
+	MetaWarning          = sessionwatch.MetaSessionWarning
+	MetaFinal            = sessionwatch.MetaSessionFinal
+	MetaExpiresAt        = sessionwatch.MetaSessionExpiresAt
+	MetaLeadMinutes      = sessionwatch.MetaSessionLeadMinutes
+	MetaDeadlineRejected = sessionwatch.MetaSessionDeadlineRejected
+)
+
+// Warning is the typed payload emitted on the session-warning Wails events.
+type Warning struct {
+	// Absolute UTC deadline; best-effort, stays zero when metadata is
+	// missing or malformed (e.g. an older daemon) and the UI falls back
+	// to the Status snapshot.
+	ExpiresAt time.Time `json:"sessionExpiresAt"`
+	// Configured lead time, so the UI need not hardcode the constant.
+	LeadMinutes int `json:"leadMinutes"`
+	// True on the final-warning fallback event.
+	Final bool `json:"final"`
+}
+
+// WarningFromMetadata parses SystemEvent metadata into a Warning, or returns
+// (nil, false) when the event is not a session-warning. A field that fails to
+// parse stays zero; the event is still surfaced.
+func WarningFromMetadata(meta map[string]string) (*Warning, bool) {
+	if meta == nil || meta[MetaWarning] != "true" {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	out := &Warning{
+		Final: meta[MetaFinal] == "true",
+	}
+	if raw := meta[MetaExpiresAt]; raw != "" {
+		if t, err := sessionwatch.ParseExpiresAt(raw); err == nil {
+			out.ExpiresAt = t
+		}
+	}
+	if raw := meta[MetaLeadMinutes]; raw != "" {
+		if n, err := sessionwatch.ParseLeadMinutes(raw); err == nil {
+			out.LeadMinutes = n
+		}
+	}
+	return out, true
+}
+
+// ParseExpiresAt re-exports sessionwatch.ParseExpiresAt so UI-side call sites
+// don't import the daemon-internal package.
+func ParseExpiresAt(s string) (time.Time, error) {
+	return sessionwatch.ParseExpiresAt(s)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/authsession/warning_test.go b/client/ui/authsession/warning_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..297073ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/authsession/warning_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package authsession
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestWarningFromMetadata_NotASessionWarning(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		meta map[string]string
+	}{
+		{"nil metadata", nil},
+		{"empty map", map[string]string{}},
+		{"unrelated event", map[string]string{"new_version_available": "0.65.0"}},
+		{"flag not 'true'", map[string]string{"session_warning": "1"}},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if w, ok := WarningFromMetadata(tc.meta); ok {
+				t.Fatalf("expected (nil, false), got (%+v, %v)", w, ok)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWarningFromMetadata_FullPayload(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := "2026-05-18T13:30:00Z"
+	meta := map[string]string{
+		"session_warning":    "true",
+		"session_expires_at": ts,
+		"lead_minutes":       "10",
+	}
+
+	got, ok := WarningFromMetadata(meta)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("expected the warning to be recognised, got ok=false")
+	}
+	want, _ := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, ts)
+	if !got.ExpiresAt.Equal(want.UTC()) {
+		t.Errorf("ExpiresAt = %v, want %v", got.ExpiresAt, want.UTC())
+	}
+	if got.LeadMinutes != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("LeadMinutes = %d, want 10", got.LeadMinutes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWarningFromMetadata_BadFieldsStillEmits(t *testing.T) {
+	// Older or buggy daemon: the flag is set but the timestamp/lead are
+	// missing or malformed. The UI should still get a warning so it can
+	// at least surface "session expires soon"; field zero-values are fine.
+	meta := map[string]string{
+		"session_warning":    "true",
+		"session_expires_at": "not-a-timestamp",
+		"lead_minutes":       "abc",
+	}
+
+	got, ok := WarningFromMetadata(meta)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("warning should still be recognised even with malformed fields")
+	}
+	if !got.ExpiresAt.IsZero() {
+		t.Errorf("malformed timestamp should leave field zero, got %v", got.ExpiresAt)
+	}
+	if got.LeadMinutes != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("malformed lead_minutes should leave field 0, got %d", got.LeadMinutes)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWarningFromMetadata_MissingFieldsStillEmits(t *testing.T) {
+	// Only the flag is present (e.g. future-trimmed event). Still emit.
+	meta := map[string]string{"session_warning": "true"}
+	got, ok := WarningFromMetadata(meta)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("warning should still be recognised when only flag is present")
+	}
+	if got.ExpiresAt.IsZero() != true || got.LeadMinutes != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("missing fields should be zero-valued, got %+v", got)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/autostart_default.go b/client/ui/autostart_default.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c67667dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/autostart_default.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/preferences"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+// autostartDefaultState carries the guard inputs of the one-time autostart
+// default decision so the decision itself stays a pure, testable function.
+type autostartDefaultState struct {
+	supported    bool
+	mdmDisabled  bool
+	priorInstall bool
+}
+
+// shouldEnableAutostartDefault applies the first-run guards in order and
+// returns whether autostart may be enabled, plus the reason when it may not.
+func shouldEnableAutostartDefault(s autostartDefaultState) (bool, string) {
+	switch {
+	case !s.supported:
+		return false, "autostart not supported on this platform"
+	case s.mdmDisabled:
+		return false, "autostart disabled by MDM policy"
+	case s.priorInstall:
+		return false, "existing NetBird installation"
+	}
+	return true, ""
+}
+
+// autostartDisabledByMDM reports whether the MDM policy manages the
+// disableAutostart key in a way that must suppress the default. An
+// unparseable managed value is treated as disabled to stay on the safe side.
+func autostartDisabledByMDM(policy *mdm.Policy) bool {
+	if !policy.HasKey(mdm.KeyDisableAutostart) {
+		return false
+	}
+	disabled, ok := policy.GetBool(mdm.KeyDisableAutostart)
+	return !ok || disabled
+}
+
+// netbirdFootprintExists reports whether the machine already carries NetBird
+// daemon config or state, meaning this is not a genuinely fresh install. It is
+// the update-safety gate for the autostart default: upgrading users always
+// have a footprint, so an update can never trigger a autostart entry write.
+func netbirdFootprintExists() bool {
+	candidates := []string{
+		profilemanager.DefaultConfigPath,
+		filepath.Join(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir, "config.json"),
+		filepath.Join(profilemanager.DefaultConfigPathDir, "state.json"),
+	}
+	for _, path := range candidates {
+		if path != "" && fileExists(path) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// applyAutostartDefault runs the one-time launch-on-login default for genuinely
+// fresh installs. The autostartInitialized marker is persisted before any
+// enable attempt so a crash mid-flow degrades to "never enabled" instead of
+// retrying autostart entry writes on every launch. A user's later disable in
+// Settings is never overridden: the marker guarantees at-most-once, ever.
+func applyAutostartDefault(ctx context.Context, autostart *services.Autostart, prefs *preferences.Store, prefsFileExisted bool) {
+	mdmDisabled := autostartDisabledByMDM(mdm.NewLoader(nil).Load())
+
+	if mdmDisabled {
+		if enabled, err := autostart.IsEnabled(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("MDM disableAutostart: read autostart state: %v", err)
+		} else if enabled {
+			if err := autostart.SetEnabled(ctx, false); err != nil {
+				log.Warnf("MDM disableAutostart: force off failed: %v", err)
+			} else {
+				log.Info("MDM disableAutostart enforced: autostart turned off")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	priorFootprint := netbirdFootprintExists() || prefsFileExisted
+
+	if prefs.Get().AutostartInitialized {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := prefs.SetAutostartInitialized(true); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("persist autostart marker, skipping autostart default: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	state := autostartDefaultState{
+		supported:    autostart.Supported(ctx),
+		mdmDisabled:  mdmDisabled,
+		priorInstall: priorFootprint,
+	}
+	enable, reason := shouldEnableAutostartDefault(state)
+	if !enable {
+		log.Debugf("skipping autostart default: %s", reason)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := autostart.SetEnabled(ctx, true); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("enable autostart on fresh install: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	log.Info("autostart enabled by default on fresh install")
+}
+
+// fileExists reports whether path exists.
+func fileExists(path string) bool {
+	_, err := os.Stat(path)
+	return err == nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/autostart_default_test.go b/client/ui/autostart_default_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7bdf9f2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/autostart_default_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+)
+
+func TestShouldEnableAutostartDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	allPass := autostartDefaultState{
+		supported:    true,
+		mdmDisabled:  false,
+		priorInstall: false,
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		mutate     func(*autostartDefaultState)
+		wantEnable bool
+		wantReason string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "fresh install with all guards passing enables",
+			mutate:     func(*autostartDefaultState) {},
+			wantEnable: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "unsupported platform skips",
+			mutate:     func(s *autostartDefaultState) { s.supported = false },
+			wantReason: "autostart not supported on this platform",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "MDM disable skips",
+			mutate:     func(s *autostartDefaultState) { s.mdmDisabled = true },
+			wantReason: "autostart disabled by MDM policy",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "existing installation (upgrade) skips",
+			mutate:     func(s *autostartDefaultState) { s.priorInstall = true },
+			wantReason: "existing NetBird installation",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "unsupported wins over every other guard",
+			mutate: func(s *autostartDefaultState) {
+				s.supported = false
+				s.mdmDisabled = true
+				s.priorInstall = true
+			},
+			wantReason: "autostart not supported on this platform",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "MDM disable wins over prior install",
+			mutate: func(s *autostartDefaultState) {
+				s.mdmDisabled = true
+				s.priorInstall = true
+			},
+			wantReason: "autostart disabled by MDM policy",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			state := allPass
+			tc.mutate(&state)
+			enable, reason := shouldEnableAutostartDefault(state)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantEnable, enable, "enable decision should match for state %+v", state)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantReason, reason, "skip reason should identify the failing guard")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAutostartDisabledByMDM(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		values map[string]any
+		want   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "empty policy does not disable",
+			values: nil,
+			want:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "unrelated managed keys do not disable",
+			values: map[string]any{mdm.KeyDisableAutoConnect: true},
+			want:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "disableAutostart true disables",
+			values: map[string]any{mdm.KeyDisableAutostart: true},
+			want:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "disableAutostart registry DWORD 1 disables",
+			values: map[string]any{mdm.KeyDisableAutostart: int64(1)},
+			want:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "disableAutostart string true disables",
+			values: map[string]any{mdm.KeyDisableAutostart: "true"},
+			want:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "disableAutostart explicit false allows",
+			values: map[string]any{mdm.KeyDisableAutostart: false},
+			want:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "unparseable managed value is treated as disabled",
+			values: map[string]any{mdm.KeyDisableAutostart: "not-a-bool"},
+			want:   true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := autostartDisabledByMDM(mdm.NewPolicy(tc.values))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, got, "MDM disable decision should match for values %v", tc.values)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/build/Taskfile.yml b/client/ui/build/Taskfile.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..590d4791b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/Taskfile.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+version: '3'
+
+tasks:
+  go:mod:tidy:
+    summary: Runs `go mod tidy`
+    internal: true
+    cmds:
+      - go mod tidy
+
+  install:frontend:deps:
+    summary: Install frontend dependencies
+    dir: frontend
+    sources:
+      - package.json
+      - pnpm-lock.yaml
+    generates:
+      - node_modules
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: pnpm --version
+        msg: "Looks like pnpm isn't installed. Install with: corepack enable && corepack prepare pnpm@latest --activate"
+    cmds:
+      - pnpm install
+
+  build:frontend:
+    label: build:frontend (DEV={{.DEV}})
+    summary: Build the frontend project
+    dir: frontend
+    sources:
+      - "**/*"
+      - exclude: node_modules/**/*
+    generates:
+      - dist/**/*
+    deps:
+      - task: install:frontend:deps
+      - task: generate:bindings
+        vars:
+          BUILD_FLAGS:
+            ref: .BUILD_FLAGS
+    cmds:
+      - pnpm run {{.BUILD_COMMAND}}
+    env:
+      PRODUCTION: '{{if eq .DEV "true"}}false{{else}}true{{end}}'
+    vars:
+      BUILD_COMMAND: '{{if eq .DEV "true"}}build:dev{{else}}build{{end}}'
+
+
+  frontend:vendor:puppertino:
+    summary: Fetches Puppertino CSS into frontend/public for consistent mobile styling
+    sources:
+      - frontend/public/puppertino/puppertino.css
+    generates:
+      - frontend/public/puppertino/puppertino.css
+    cmds:
+      - |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        mkdir -p frontend/public/puppertino
+        # If bundled Puppertino exists, prefer it. Otherwise, try to fetch, but don't fail build on error.
+        if [ ! -f frontend/public/puppertino/puppertino.css ]; then
+          echo "No bundled Puppertino found. Attempting to fetch from GitHub..."
+          if curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codedgar/Puppertino/main/dist/css/full.css -o frontend/public/puppertino/puppertino.css; then
+            curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codedgar/Puppertino/main/LICENSE -o frontend/public/puppertino/LICENSE || true
+            echo "Puppertino CSS downloaded to frontend/public/puppertino/puppertino.css"
+          else
+            echo "Warning: Could not fetch Puppertino CSS. Proceeding without download since template may bundle it."
+          fi
+        else
+          echo "Using bundled Puppertino at frontend/public/puppertino/puppertino.css"
+        fi
+        # Ensure index.html includes Puppertino CSS and button classes
+        INDEX_HTML=frontend/index.html
+        if [ -f "$INDEX_HTML" ]; then
+          if ! grep -q 'href="/puppertino/puppertino.css"' "$INDEX_HTML"; then
+            # Insert Puppertino link tag after style.css link
+            awk '
+              /href="\/style.css"\/?/ && !x { print; print "    <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"/puppertino/puppertino.css\"/>"; x=1; next }1
+            ' "$INDEX_HTML" > "$INDEX_HTML.tmp" && mv "$INDEX_HTML.tmp" "$INDEX_HTML"
+          fi
+          # Replace default .btn with Puppertino primary button classes if present
+          sed -E -i'' 's/class=\"btn\"/class=\"p-btn p-prim-col\"/g' "$INDEX_HTML" || true
+        fi
+
+
+  generate:bindings:
+    label: generate:bindings (BUILD_FLAGS={{.BUILD_FLAGS}})
+    summary: Generates bindings for the frontend
+    deps:
+      - task: go:mod:tidy
+    sources:
+      - "**/*.[jt]s"
+      - exclude: frontend/**/*
+      - frontend/bindings/**/*  # Rerun when switching between dev/production mode causes changes in output
+      - "**/*.go"
+      - go.mod
+      - go.sum
+    generates:
+      - frontend/bindings/**/*
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 generate bindings -f '{{.BUILD_FLAGS}}' -clean=true -ts
+
+  generate:icons:
+    summary: Generates Windows `.ico` and Mac `.icns` from an image; on macOS, `-iconcomposerinput appicon.icon -macassetdir darwin` also produces `Assets.car` from a `.icon` file (skipped on other platforms).
+    dir: build
+    sources:
+      - "appicon.png"
+      - "appicon.icon"
+    generates:
+      - "darwin/icons.icns"
+      - "windows/icon.ico"
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 generate icons -input appicon.png -macfilename darwin/icons.icns -windowsfilename windows/icon.ico -iconcomposerinput appicon.icon -macassetdir darwin
+
+  generate:tray:icons:
+    summary: Rebuild Windows multi-res .ico files from the per-state PNGs.
+    desc: |
+      The colored tray PNGs (assets/netbird-systemtray-<state>.png) and the
+      macOS template variants are committed to the repo as the canonical
+      source. This task only regenerates the Windows multi-resolution .ico
+      files from those PNGs by downscaling each to 16/24/32/48 px and
+      packing them with icotool, so Shell_NotifyIcon picks the frame
+      matching the user's DPI instead of downscaling a single large PNG.
+
+      Run after replacing any of the colored PNGs (e.g. when copying a new
+      version of the icons from client/ui/assets). The SVG sources in
+      assets/svg/ are kept for reference but are not built by default.
+    dir: assets
+    sources:
+      - "netbird-systemtray-connected.png"
+      - "netbird-systemtray-disconnected.png"
+      - "netbird-systemtray-connecting.png"
+      - "netbird-systemtray-error.png"
+      - "netbird-systemtray-update-connected.png"
+      - "netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected.png"
+    generates:
+      - "netbird-systemtray-*.ico"
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: command -v magick >/dev/null 2>&1 || command -v convert >/dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: "ImageMagick is required to downscale PNGs (apt install imagemagick)"
+      - sh: command -v icotool >/dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: "icotool is required to pack tray .ico files (apt install icoutils)"
+    cmds:
+      - |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        tmp=$(mktemp -d)
+        trap 'rm -rf "$tmp"' EXIT
+        resize=$(command -v magick || echo convert)
+        for state in connected disconnected connecting error update-connected update-disconnected; do
+          for sz in 16 24 32 48; do
+            "$resize" "netbird-systemtray-$state.png" -resize ${sz}x${sz} "$tmp/$state-$sz.png"
+          done
+          icotool -c -o "netbird-systemtray-$state.ico" \
+            "$tmp/$state-16.png" "$tmp/$state-24.png" "$tmp/$state-32.png" "$tmp/$state-48.png"
+        done
+
+  dev:frontend:
+    summary: Runs the frontend in development mode
+    dir: frontend
+    deps:
+      - task: install:frontend:deps
+    cmds:
+      - pnpm exec vite --port {{.VITE_PORT}} --strictPort
+
+  update:build-assets:
+    summary: Updates the build assets
+    dir: build
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 update build-assets -name "{{.APP_NAME}}" -binaryname "{{.APP_NAME}}" -config config.yml -dir .
+
+  build:server:
+    summary: Builds the application in server mode (no GUI, HTTP server only)
+    desc: |
+      Builds the application with the server build tag enabled.
+      Server mode runs as a pure HTTP server without native GUI dependencies.
+      Usage: task build:server
+    deps:
+      - task: build:frontend
+        vars:
+          BUILD_FLAGS:
+            ref: .BUILD_FLAGS
+    cmds:
+      - go build -tags server {{.BUILD_FLAGS}} -o {{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-server{{exeExt}}
+    vars:
+      BUILD_FLAGS: "{{.BUILD_FLAGS}}"
+
+  run:server:
+    summary: Builds and runs the application in server mode
+    deps:
+      - task: build:server
+    cmds:
+      - ./{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-server{{exeExt}}
+
+  build:docker:
+    summary: Builds a Docker image for server mode deployment
+    desc: |
+      Creates a minimal Docker image containing the server mode binary.
+      The image is based on distroless for security and small size.
+      Usage: task build:docker [TAG=myapp:latest]
+    cmds:
+      - docker build -t {{.TAG | default (printf "%s:latest" .APP_NAME)}} -f build/docker/Dockerfile.server .
+    vars:
+      TAG: "{{.TAG}}"
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: docker info > /dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: "Docker is required. Please install Docker first."
+      - sh: test -f build/docker/Dockerfile.server
+        msg: "Dockerfile.server not found. Run 'wails3 update build-assets' to generate it."
+
+  run:docker:
+    summary: Builds and runs the Docker image
+    desc: |
+      Builds the Docker image and runs it, exposing port 8080.
+      Usage: task run:docker [TAG=myapp:latest] [PORT=8080]
+      Note: The internal container port is always 8080. The PORT variable
+      only changes the host port mapping. Ensure your app uses port 8080
+      or modify the Dockerfile to match your ServerOptions.Port setting.
+    deps:
+      - task: build:docker
+        vars:
+          TAG:
+            ref: .TAG
+    cmds:
+      - docker run --rm -p {{.PORT | default "8080"}}:8080 {{.TAG | default (printf "%s:latest" .APP_NAME)}}
+    vars:
+      TAG: "{{.TAG}}"
+      PORT: "{{.PORT}}"
+
+  setup:docker:
+    summary: Builds Docker image for cross-compilation (~800MB download)
+    desc: |
+      Builds the Docker image needed for cross-compiling to any platform.
+      Run this once to enable cross-platform builds from any OS.
+    cmds:
+      - docker build -t wails-cross -f build/docker/Dockerfile.cross build/docker/
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: docker info > /dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: "Docker is required. Please install Docker first."
+
+  ios:device:list:
+    summary: Lists connected iOS devices (UDIDs)
+    cmds:
+      - xcrun xcdevice list
+
+  ios:run:device:
+    summary: Build, install, and launch on a physical iPhone using Apple tools (xcodebuild/devicectl)
+    vars:
+      PROJECT: '{{.PROJECT}}'   # e.g., build/ios/xcode/<YourProject>.xcodeproj
+      SCHEME: '{{.SCHEME}}'     # e.g., ios.dev
+      CONFIG: '{{.CONFIG | default "Debug"}}'
+      DERIVED: '{{.DERIVED | default "build/ios/DerivedData"}}'
+      UDID: '{{.UDID}}'         # from `task ios:device:list`
+      BUNDLE_ID: '{{.BUNDLE_ID}}' # e.g., com.yourco.wails.ios.dev
+      TEAM_ID: '{{.TEAM_ID}}'   # optional, if your project is not already set up for signing
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: xcrun -f xcodebuild
+        msg: "xcodebuild not found. Please install Xcode."
+      - sh: xcrun -f devicectl
+        msg: "devicectl not found. Please update to Xcode 15+ (which includes devicectl)."
+      - sh: test -n '{{.PROJECT}}'
+        msg: "Set PROJECT to your .xcodeproj path (e.g., PROJECT=build/ios/xcode/App.xcodeproj)."
+      - sh: test -n '{{.SCHEME}}'
+        msg: "Set SCHEME to your app scheme (e.g., SCHEME=ios.dev)."
+      - sh: test -n '{{.UDID}}'
+        msg: "Set UDID to your device UDID (see: task ios:device:list)."
+      - sh: test -n '{{.BUNDLE_ID}}'
+        msg: "Set BUNDLE_ID to your app's bundle identifier (e.g., com.yourco.wails.ios.dev)."
+    cmds:
+      - |
+        set -euo pipefail
+        echo "Building for device: UDID={{.UDID}} SCHEME={{.SCHEME}} PROJECT={{.PROJECT}}"
+        XCB_ARGS=(
+          -project "{{.PROJECT}}"
+          -scheme "{{.SCHEME}}"
+          -configuration "{{.CONFIG}}"
+          -destination "id={{.UDID}}"
+          -derivedDataPath "{{.DERIVED}}"
+          -allowProvisioningUpdates
+          -allowProvisioningDeviceRegistration
+        )
+        # Optionally inject signing identifiers if provided
+        if [ -n '{{.TEAM_ID}}' ]; then XCB_ARGS+=(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM={{.TEAM_ID}}); fi
+        if [ -n '{{.BUNDLE_ID}}' ]; then XCB_ARGS+=(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER={{.BUNDLE_ID}}); fi
+        xcodebuild "${XCB_ARGS[@]}" build | xcpretty || true
+        # If xcpretty isn't installed, run without it
+        if [ "${PIPESTATUS[0]}" -ne 0 ]; then
+          xcodebuild "${XCB_ARGS[@]}" build
+        fi
+        # Find built .app
+        APP_PATH=$(find "{{.DERIVED}}/Build/Products" -type d -name "*.app" -maxdepth 3 | head -n 1)
+        if [ -z "$APP_PATH" ]; then
+          echo "Could not locate built .app under {{.DERIVED}}/Build/Products" >&2
+          exit 1
+        fi
+        echo "Installing: $APP_PATH"
+        xcrun devicectl device install app --device "{{.UDID}}" "$APP_PATH"
+        echo "Launching: {{.BUNDLE_ID}}"
+        xcrun devicectl device process launch --device "{{.UDID}}" --stderr console --stdout console "{{.BUNDLE_ID}}"
diff --git a/client/ui/build/appicon.icon/Assets/wails_icon_vector.svg b/client/ui/build/appicon.icon/Assets/wails_icon_vector.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83c4c22a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/appicon.icon/Assets/wails_icon_vector.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<!--
+  macOS Icon Composer source. Designed on a 1024x1024 canvas with the bird
+  glyph centered and sized to ~75% of canvas width, leaving padding for
+  the system squircle treatment.
+-->
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1024" height="1024" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024">
+  <g transform="translate(128, 227) scale(24.77)">
+    <path d="M21.4631 0.523438C17.8173 0.857913 16.0028 2.95675 15.3171 4.01871L4.66406 22.4734H17.5163L30.1929 0.523438H21.4631Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+    <path d="M17.5265 22.4737L0 3.88525C0 3.88525 19.8177 -1.44128 21.7493 15.1738L17.5265 22.4737Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+    <path d="M14.9236 4.70563L9.54688 14.0208L17.5158 22.4747L21.7385 15.158C21.0696 9.44682 18.2851 6.32784 14.9236 4.69727" fill="#F05252"/>
+  </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/client/ui/build/appicon.icon/icon.json b/client/ui/build/appicon.icon/icon.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a0371af3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/appicon.icon/icon.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "fill" : {
+    "solid" : "srgb:1.00000,1.00000,1.00000,1.00000"
+  },
+  "groups" : [
+    {
+      "layers" : [
+        {
+          "image-name" : "wails_icon_vector.svg",
+          "name" : "wails_icon_vector"
+        }
+      ],
+      "shadow" : {
+        "kind" : "neutral",
+        "opacity" : 0.5
+      },
+      "specular" : true
+    }
+  ],
+  "supported-platforms" : {
+    "circles" : [
+      "watchOS"
+    ],
+    "squares" : "shared"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/build/appicon.png b/client/ui/build/appicon.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..977d2400a
Binary files /dev/null and b/client/ui/build/appicon.png differ
diff --git a/client/ui/build/build-ui-linux.sh b/client/ui/build/build-ui-linux.sh
deleted file mode 100644
index eab08214d..000000000
--- a/client/ui/build/build-ui-linux.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-sudo apt update
-sudo apt remove gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1
-sudo apt install -y libayatana-appindicator3-dev
-go build
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/ui/build/config.yml b/client/ui/build/config.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08b95b6bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/config.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# This file contains the configuration for this project.
+# When you update `info` or `fileAssociations`, run `wails3 task common:update:build-assets` to update the assets.
+# Note that this will overwrite any changes you have made to the assets.
+version: '3'
+
+# This information is used to generate the build assets.
+info:
+  companyName: "NetBird GmbH" # The name of the company
+  productName: "NetBird" # The name of the application
+  productIdentifier: "io.netbird.client" # The unique product identifier
+  description: "NetBird desktop client" # The application description
+  copyright: "NetBird GmbH" # Copyright text
+  comments: "Some Product Comments" # Comments
+  version: "0.0.1" # The application version
+  # cfBundleIconName: "appicon" # The macOS icon name in Assets.car icon bundles (optional)
+  #                               # Should match the name of your .icon file without the extension
+  #                               # If not set and Assets.car exists, defaults to "appicon"
+
+# iOS build configuration (uncomment to customise iOS project generation)
+# Note: Keys under `ios` OVERRIDE values under `info` when set.
+# ios:
+#   # The iOS bundle identifier used in the generated Xcode project (CFBundleIdentifier)
+#   bundleID: "com.mycompany.myproduct"
+#   # The display name shown under the app icon (CFBundleDisplayName/CFBundleName)
+#   displayName: "My Product"
+#   # The app version to embed in Info.plist (CFBundleShortVersionString/CFBundleVersion)
+#   version: "0.0.1"
+#   # The company/organisation name for templates and project settings
+#   company: "My Company"
+#   # Additional comments to embed in Info.plist metadata
+#   comments: "Some Product Comments"
+
+# Dev mode configuration
+dev_mode:
+  root_path: .
+  log_level: warn
+  debounce: 1000
+  ignore:
+    dir:
+      - .git
+      - node_modules
+      - frontend
+      - bin
+    file:
+      - .DS_Store
+      - .gitignore
+      - .gitkeep
+    watched_extension:
+      - "*.go"
+      - "*.js" # Watch for changes to JS/TS files included using the //wails:include directive.
+      - "*.ts" # The frontend directory will be excluded entirely by the setting above.
+    git_ignore: true
+  executes:
+    - cmd: wails3 build DEV=true
+      type: blocking
+    - cmd: wails3 task common:dev:frontend
+      type: background
+    - cmd: wails3 task run
+      type: primary
+
+# File Associations
+# More information at: https://v3.wails.io/noit/done/yet
+fileAssociations:
+#  - ext: wails
+#    name: Wails
+#    description: Wails Application File
+#    iconName: wailsFileIcon
+#    role: Editor
+#  - ext: jpg
+#    name: JPEG
+#    description: Image File
+#    iconName: jpegFileIcon
+#    role: Editor
+#    mimeType: image/jpeg  # (optional)
+
+# Other data
+other:
+  - name: My Other Data
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/ui/build/darwin/Info.dev.plist b/client/ui/build/darwin/Info.dev.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78f5a7b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/darwin/Info.dev.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+    <dict>
+        <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+            <string>APPL</string>
+        <key>CFBundleName</key>
+            <string>NetBird</string>
+        <key>CFBundleDisplayName</key>
+            <string>NetBird</string>
+        <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+            <string>netbird-ui</string>
+        <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+            <string>io.netbird.client</string>
+        <key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+            <string>0.0.1</string>
+        <key>CFBundleGetInfoString</key>
+            <string>This is a comment</string>
+        <key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+            <string>0.0.1</string>
+        <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
+            <string>icons</string>
+        <key>CFBundleIconName</key>
+            <string>appicon</string>
+        <key>LSMinimumSystemVersion</key>
+            <string>10.15.0</string>
+        <key>NSHighResolutionCapable</key>
+            <string>true</string>
+        <key>LSUIElement</key>
+            <string>1</string>
+        <key>NSHumanReadableCopyright</key>
+            <string>NetBird GmbH</string>
+        <key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
+        <dict>
+            <key>NSAllowsLocalNetworking</key>
+            <true/>
+        </dict>
+    </dict>
+</plist>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/ui/build/darwin/Info.plist b/client/ui/build/darwin/Info.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e12b049b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/darwin/Info.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+    <dict>
+        <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+            <string>APPL</string>
+        <key>CFBundleName</key>
+            <string>NetBird</string>
+        <key>CFBundleDisplayName</key>
+            <string>NetBird</string>
+        <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+            <string>netbird-ui</string>
+        <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+            <string>io.netbird.client</string>
+        <key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+            <string>0.0.1</string>
+        <key>CFBundleGetInfoString</key>
+            <string>This is a comment</string>
+        <key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+            <string>0.0.1</string>
+        <key>CFBundleIconFile</key>
+            <string>icons</string>
+        <key>CFBundleIconName</key>
+            <string>appicon</string>
+        <key>LSMinimumSystemVersion</key>
+            <string>10.15.0</string>
+        <key>NSHighResolutionCapable</key>
+            <string>true</string>
+        <!-- Accessory mode: tray-only app, no Dock entry, no Cmd-Tab
+             presence. Matches the legacy Fyne client and the sign-pipelines
+             Info.plist used in signed .pkg releases. -->
+        <key>LSUIElement</key>
+            <string>1</string>
+        <key>NSHumanReadableCopyright</key>
+            <string>NetBird GmbH</string>
+    </dict>
+</plist>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/ui/build/darwin/Taskfile.yml b/client/ui/build/darwin/Taskfile.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a5c27bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/darwin/Taskfile.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  common: ../Taskfile.yml
+
+vars:
+  # Signing configuration - edit these values for your project
+  # SIGN_IDENTITY: "Developer ID Application: Your Company (TEAMID)"
+  # KEYCHAIN_PROFILE: "my-notarize-profile"
+  # ENTITLEMENTS: "build/darwin/entitlements.plist"
+
+  # Docker image for cross-compilation (used when building on non-macOS)
+  CROSS_IMAGE: wails-cross
+
+tasks:
+  build:
+    summary: Builds the application
+    cmds:
+      - task: '{{if eq OS "darwin"}}build:native{{else}}build:docker{{end}}'
+        vars:
+          ARCH: '{{.ARCH}}'
+          DEV: '{{.DEV}}'
+          OUTPUT: '{{.OUTPUT}}'
+          EXTRA_TAGS: '{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}'
+    vars:
+      DEFAULT_OUTPUT: '{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      OUTPUT: '{{ .OUTPUT | default .DEFAULT_OUTPUT }}'
+
+  build:native:
+    summary: Builds the application natively on macOS
+    internal: true
+    deps:
+      - task: common:go:mod:tidy
+      - task: common:build:frontend
+        vars:
+          BUILD_FLAGS:
+            ref: .BUILD_FLAGS
+          DEV:
+            ref: .DEV
+      - task: common:generate:icons
+    cmds:
+      - go build {{.BUILD_FLAGS}} -o {{.OUTPUT}}
+    vars:
+      BUILD_FLAGS: '{{if eq .DEV "true"}}{{if .EXTRA_TAGS}}-tags {{.EXTRA_TAGS}} {{end}}-gcflags=all="-l"{{else}}-tags production{{if .EXTRA_TAGS}},{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}{{end}} -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s"{{end}}'
+      DEFAULT_OUTPUT: '{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      OUTPUT: '{{ .OUTPUT | default .DEFAULT_OUTPUT }}'
+    env:
+      GOOS: darwin
+      CGO_ENABLED: 1
+      GOARCH: '{{.ARCH | default ARCH}}'
+      CGO_CFLAGS: "-mmacosx-version-min=10.15"
+      CGO_LDFLAGS: "-mmacosx-version-min=10.15"
+      MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: "10.15"
+
+  build:docker:
+    summary: Cross-compiles for macOS using Docker (for Linux/Windows hosts)
+    internal: true
+    deps:
+      - task: common:build:frontend
+      - task: common:generate:icons
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: docker info > /dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: "Docker is required for cross-compilation. Please install Docker."
+      - sh: docker image inspect {{.CROSS_IMAGE}} > /dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: |
+          Docker image '{{.CROSS_IMAGE}}' not found.
+          Build it first: wails3 task setup:docker
+    cmds:
+      - docker run --rm -v "{{.ROOT_DIR}}:/app" {{.GO_CACHE_MOUNT}} {{.REPLACE_MOUNTS}} -e APP_NAME="{{.APP_NAME}}" {{if .EXTRA_TAGS}}-e EXTRA_TAGS="{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}"{{end}} {{.CROSS_IMAGE}} darwin {{.DOCKER_ARCH}}
+      - docker run --rm -v "{{.ROOT_DIR}}:/app" alpine chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) /app/bin
+      - mkdir -p {{.BIN_DIR}}
+      - mv "bin/{{.APP_NAME}}-darwin-{{.DOCKER_ARCH}}" "{{.OUTPUT}}"
+    vars:
+      DOCKER_ARCH: '{{if eq .ARCH "arm64"}}arm64{{else if eq .ARCH "amd64"}}amd64{{else}}arm64{{end}}'
+      DEFAULT_OUTPUT: '{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      OUTPUT: '{{ .OUTPUT | default .DEFAULT_OUTPUT }}'
+      # Mount Go module cache for faster builds
+      GO_CACHE_MOUNT:
+        sh: 'echo "-v ${GOPATH:-$HOME/go}/pkg/mod:/go/pkg/mod"'
+      # Extract replace directives from go.mod and create -v mounts for each
+      # Handles both relative (=> ../) and absolute (=> /) paths
+      REPLACE_MOUNTS:
+        sh: |
+          grep -E '^replace .* => ' go.mod 2>/dev/null | while read -r line; do
+            path=$(echo "$line" | sed -E 's/^replace .* => //' | tr -d '\r')
+            # Convert relative paths to absolute
+            if [ "${path#/}" = "$path" ]; then
+              path="$(cd "$(dirname "$path")" 2>/dev/null && pwd)/$(basename "$path")"
+            fi
+            # Only mount if directory exists
+            if [ -d "$path" ]; then
+              echo "-v $path:$path:ro"
+            fi
+          done | tr '\n' ' '
+
+  build:universal:
+    summary: Builds darwin universal binary (arm64 + amd64)
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+        vars:
+          ARCH: amd64
+          OUTPUT: "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-amd64"
+      - task: build
+        vars:
+          ARCH: arm64
+          OUTPUT: "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-arm64"
+    cmds:
+      - task: '{{if eq OS "darwin"}}build:universal:lipo:native{{else}}build:universal:lipo:go{{end}}'
+
+  build:universal:lipo:native:
+    summary: Creates universal binary using native lipo (macOS)
+    internal: true
+    cmds:
+      - lipo -create -output "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}" "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-amd64" "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-arm64"
+      - rm "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-amd64" "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-arm64"
+
+  build:universal:lipo:go:
+    summary: Creates universal binary using wails3 tool lipo (Linux/Windows)
+    internal: true
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool lipo -output "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}" -input "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-amd64" -input "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-arm64"
+      - rm -f "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-amd64" "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-arm64"
+
+  package:
+    summary: Packages the application into a `.app` bundle
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+    cmds:
+      - task: create:app:bundle
+
+  package:universal:
+    summary: Packages darwin universal binary (arm64 + amd64)
+    deps:
+      - task: build:universal
+    cmds:
+      - task: create:app:bundle
+
+
+  create:app:bundle:
+    summary: Creates an `.app` bundle
+    cmds:
+      - mkdir -p "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.app/Contents/MacOS"
+      - mkdir -p "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.app/Contents/Resources"
+      - cp build/darwin/icons.icns "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.app/Contents/Resources"
+      - |
+        if [ -f build/darwin/Assets.car ]; then
+          cp build/darwin/Assets.car "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.app/Contents/Resources"
+        fi
+      - cp "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}" "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.app/Contents/MacOS"
+      - cp build/darwin/Info.plist "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.app/Contents"
+      - task: '{{if eq OS "darwin"}}codesign:adhoc{{else}}codesign:skip{{end}}'
+
+  codesign:adhoc:
+    summary: Ad-hoc signs the app bundle (macOS only)
+    internal: true
+    cmds:
+      - codesign --force --deep --sign - "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.app"
+
+  codesign:skip:
+    summary: Skips codesigning when cross-compiling
+    internal: true
+    cmds:
+      - 'echo "Skipping codesign (not available on {{OS}}). Sign the .app on macOS before distribution."'
+
+  run:
+    deps:
+      - task: common:generate:icons
+    cmds:
+      - mkdir -p "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.dev.app/Contents/MacOS"
+      - mkdir -p "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.dev.app/Contents/Resources"
+      - cp build/darwin/icons.icns "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.dev.app/Contents/Resources"
+      - |
+        if [ -f build/darwin/Assets.car ]; then
+          cp build/darwin/Assets.car "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.dev.app/Contents/Resources"
+        fi
+      - cp "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}" "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.dev.app/Contents/MacOS"
+      - cp "build/darwin/Info.dev.plist" "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.dev.app/Contents/Info.plist"
+      - codesign --force --deep --sign - "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.dev.app"
+      - '{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.dev.app/Contents/MacOS/{{.APP_NAME}}'
+
+  sign:
+    summary: Signs the application bundle with Developer ID
+    desc: |
+      Signs the .app bundle for distribution.
+      Configure SIGN_IDENTITY in the vars section at the top of this file.
+    deps:
+      - task: package
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool sign --input "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.app" --identity "{{.SIGN_IDENTITY}}" {{if .ENTITLEMENTS}}--entitlements {{.ENTITLEMENTS}}{{end}}
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: '[ -n "{{.SIGN_IDENTITY}}" ]'
+        msg: "SIGN_IDENTITY is required. Set it in the vars section at the top of build/darwin/Taskfile.yml"
+
+  sign:notarize:
+    summary: Signs and notarizes the application bundle
+    desc: |
+      Signs the .app bundle and submits it for notarization.
+      Configure SIGN_IDENTITY and KEYCHAIN_PROFILE in the vars section at the top of this file.
+
+      Setup (one-time):
+        wails3 signing credentials --apple-id "you@email.com" --team-id "TEAMID" --password "app-specific-password" --profile "my-profile"
+    deps:
+      - task: package
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool sign --input "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.app" --identity "{{.SIGN_IDENTITY}}" {{if .ENTITLEMENTS}}--entitlements {{.ENTITLEMENTS}}{{end}} --notarize --keychain-profile {{.KEYCHAIN_PROFILE}}
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: '[ -n "{{.SIGN_IDENTITY}}" ]'
+        msg: "SIGN_IDENTITY is required. Set it in the vars section at the top of build/darwin/Taskfile.yml"
+      - sh: '[ -n "{{.KEYCHAIN_PROFILE}}" ]'
+        msg: "KEYCHAIN_PROFILE is required. Set it in the vars section at the top of build/darwin/Taskfile.yml"
diff --git a/client/ui/build/darwin/icons.icns b/client/ui/build/darwin/icons.icns
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb78a18a9
Binary files /dev/null and b/client/ui/build/darwin/icons.icns differ
diff --git a/client/ui/build/docker/Dockerfile.cross b/client/ui/build/docker/Dockerfile.cross
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..55c0d69e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/docker/Dockerfile.cross
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# Cross-compile Wails v3 apps to any platform
+#
+# Darwin: Zig + macOS SDK
+# Linux: Native GCC when host matches target, Zig for cross-arch
+# Windows: Zig + bundled mingw
+#
+# Usage:
+#   docker build -t wails-cross -f Dockerfile.cross .
+#   docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app wails-cross darwin arm64
+#   docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app wails-cross darwin amd64
+#   docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app wails-cross linux amd64
+#   docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app wails-cross linux arm64
+#   docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app wails-cross windows amd64
+#   docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/app wails-cross windows arm64
+
+FROM golang:1.26.7-bookworm
+
+ARG TARGETARCH
+
+# Install base tools, GCC, and GTK/WebKit dev packages
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    curl xz-utils nodejs npm pkg-config gcc libc6-dev \
+    libgtk-3-dev libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev \
+    libgtk-4-dev libwebkitgtk-6.0-dev \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Install Zig - automatically selects correct binary for host architecture
+ARG ZIG_VERSION=0.14.0
+RUN ZIG_ARCH=$(case "${TARGETARCH}" in arm64) echo "aarch64" ;; *) echo "x86_64" ;; esac) && \
+    curl -L "https://ziglang.org/download/${ZIG_VERSION}/zig-linux-${ZIG_ARCH}-${ZIG_VERSION}.tar.xz" \
+    | tar -xJ -C /opt \
+    && ln -s /opt/zig-linux-${ZIG_ARCH}-${ZIG_VERSION}/zig /usr/local/bin/zig
+
+# Download macOS SDK (required for darwin targets)
+ARG MACOS_SDK_VERSION=14.5
+RUN curl -L "https://github.com/joseluisq/macosx-sdks/releases/download/${MACOS_SDK_VERSION}/MacOSX${MACOS_SDK_VERSION}.sdk.tar.xz" \
+    | tar -xJ -C /opt \
+    && mv /opt/MacOSX${MACOS_SDK_VERSION}.sdk /opt/macos-sdk
+
+ENV MACOS_SDK_PATH=/opt/macos-sdk
+
+# Create Zig CC wrappers for cross-compilation targets
+# Darwin and Windows use Zig; Linux uses native GCC (run with --platform for cross-arch)
+
+# Darwin arm64
+COPY <<'ZIGWRAP' /usr/local/bin/zcc-darwin-arm64
+#!/bin/sh
+ARGS=""
+SKIP_NEXT=0
+for arg in "$@"; do
+    if [ $SKIP_NEXT -eq 1 ]; then
+        SKIP_NEXT=0
+        continue
+    fi
+    case "$arg" in
+        -target) SKIP_NEXT=1 ;;
+        -mmacosx-version-min=*) ;;
+        *) ARGS="$ARGS $arg" ;;
+    esac
+done
+exec zig cc -fno-sanitize=all -target aarch64-macos-none -isysroot /opt/macos-sdk -I/opt/macos-sdk/usr/include -L/opt/macos-sdk/usr/lib -F/opt/macos-sdk/System/Library/Frameworks -w $ARGS
+ZIGWRAP
+RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/zcc-darwin-arm64
+
+# Darwin amd64
+COPY <<'ZIGWRAP' /usr/local/bin/zcc-darwin-amd64
+#!/bin/sh
+ARGS=""
+SKIP_NEXT=0
+for arg in "$@"; do
+    if [ $SKIP_NEXT -eq 1 ]; then
+        SKIP_NEXT=0
+        continue
+    fi
+    case "$arg" in
+        -target) SKIP_NEXT=1 ;;
+        -mmacosx-version-min=*) ;;
+        *) ARGS="$ARGS $arg" ;;
+    esac
+done
+exec zig cc -fno-sanitize=all -target x86_64-macos-none -isysroot /opt/macos-sdk -I/opt/macos-sdk/usr/include -L/opt/macos-sdk/usr/lib -F/opt/macos-sdk/System/Library/Frameworks -w $ARGS
+ZIGWRAP
+RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/zcc-darwin-amd64
+
+# Windows amd64 - uses Zig's bundled mingw
+COPY <<'ZIGWRAP' /usr/local/bin/zcc-windows-amd64
+#!/bin/sh
+ARGS=""
+SKIP_NEXT=0
+for arg in "$@"; do
+    if [ $SKIP_NEXT -eq 1 ]; then
+        SKIP_NEXT=0
+        continue
+    fi
+    case "$arg" in
+        -target) SKIP_NEXT=1 ;;
+        -Wl,*) ;;
+        *) ARGS="$ARGS $arg" ;;
+    esac
+done
+exec zig cc -target x86_64-windows-gnu $ARGS
+ZIGWRAP
+RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/zcc-windows-amd64
+
+# Windows arm64 - uses Zig's bundled mingw
+COPY <<'ZIGWRAP' /usr/local/bin/zcc-windows-arm64
+#!/bin/sh
+ARGS=""
+SKIP_NEXT=0
+for arg in "$@"; do
+    if [ $SKIP_NEXT -eq 1 ]; then
+        SKIP_NEXT=0
+        continue
+    fi
+    case "$arg" in
+        -target) SKIP_NEXT=1 ;;
+        -Wl,*) ;;
+        *) ARGS="$ARGS $arg" ;;
+    esac
+done
+exec zig cc -target aarch64-windows-gnu $ARGS
+ZIGWRAP
+RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/zcc-windows-arm64
+
+# Build script
+COPY <<'SCRIPT' /usr/local/bin/build.sh
+#!/bin/sh
+set -e
+
+OS=${1:-darwin}
+ARCH=${2:-arm64}
+
+case "${OS}-${ARCH}" in
+    darwin-arm64|darwin-aarch64)
+        export CC=zcc-darwin-arm64
+        export GOARCH=arm64
+        export GOOS=darwin
+        ;;
+    darwin-amd64|darwin-x86_64)
+        export CC=zcc-darwin-amd64
+        export GOARCH=amd64
+        export GOOS=darwin
+        ;;
+    linux-arm64|linux-aarch64)
+        export CC=gcc
+        export GOARCH=arm64
+        export GOOS=linux
+        ;;
+    linux-amd64|linux-x86_64)
+        export CC=gcc
+        export GOARCH=amd64
+        export GOOS=linux
+        ;;
+    windows-arm64|windows-aarch64)
+        export CC=zcc-windows-arm64
+        export GOARCH=arm64
+        export GOOS=windows
+        ;;
+    windows-amd64|windows-x86_64)
+        export CC=zcc-windows-amd64
+        export GOARCH=amd64
+        export GOOS=windows
+        ;;
+    *)
+        echo "Usage: <os> <arch>"
+        echo "  os: darwin, linux, windows"
+        echo "  arch: amd64, arm64"
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+esac
+
+export CGO_ENABLED=1
+export CGO_CFLAGS="-w"
+
+# Build frontend if exists and not already built (host may have built it)
+if [ -d "frontend" ] && [ -f "frontend/package.json" ] && [ ! -d "frontend/dist" ]; then
+    (cd frontend && npm install --silent && npm run build --silent)
+fi
+
+# Build
+APP=${APP_NAME:-$(basename $(pwd))}
+mkdir -p bin
+
+EXT=""
+LDFLAGS="-s -w"
+if [ "$GOOS" = "windows" ]; then
+    EXT=".exe"
+    LDFLAGS="-s -w -H windowsgui"
+fi
+
+TAGS="production"
+if [ -n "$EXTRA_TAGS" ]; then
+    TAGS="${TAGS},${EXTRA_TAGS}"
+fi
+
+go build -tags "$TAGS" -trimpath -ldflags="$LDFLAGS" -o bin/${APP}-${GOOS}-${GOARCH}${EXT} .
+echo "Built: bin/${APP}-${GOOS}-${GOARCH}${EXT}"
+SCRIPT
+RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/build.sh
+
+WORKDIR /app
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/build.sh"]
+CMD ["darwin", "arm64"]
diff --git a/client/ui/build/docker/Dockerfile.server b/client/ui/build/docker/Dockerfile.server
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57183f1d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/docker/Dockerfile.server
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Wails Server Mode Dockerfile
+# Multi-stage build for minimal image size
+
+# Build stage
+FROM golang:1.26.7-alpine AS builder
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Install build dependencies
+RUN apk add --no-cache git
+
+# Copy source code
+COPY . .
+
+# Remove local replace directive if present (for production builds)
+RUN sed -i '/^replace/d' go.mod || true
+
+# Download dependencies
+RUN go mod tidy
+
+# Build the server binary
+RUN go build -tags server -ldflags="-s -w" -o server .
+
+# Runtime stage - minimal image
+FROM gcr.io/distroless/static-debian12
+
+# Copy the binary
+COPY --from=builder /app/server /server
+
+# Copy frontend assets
+COPY --from=builder /app/frontend/dist /frontend/dist
+
+# Expose the default port
+EXPOSE 8080
+
+# Bind to all interfaces (required for Docker)
+# Can be overridden at runtime with -e WAILS_SERVER_HOST=...
+ENV WAILS_SERVER_HOST=0.0.0.0
+
+# Run the server
+ENTRYPOINT ["/server"]
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/Taskfile.yml b/client/ui/build/linux/Taskfile.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94d041375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/Taskfile.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  common: ../Taskfile.yml
+
+vars:
+  # Signing configuration - edit these values for your project
+  # PGP_KEY: "path/to/signing-key.asc"
+  # SIGN_ROLE: "builder"  # Options: origin, maint, archive, builder
+  #
+  # Password is stored securely in system keychain. Run: wails3 setup signing
+
+  # Docker image for cross-compilation (used when building on non-Linux or no CC available)
+  CROSS_IMAGE: wails-cross
+
+tasks:
+  build:
+    summary: Builds the application for Linux
+    cmds:
+      # Linux requires CGO - use Docker when:
+      # 1. Cross-compiling from non-Linux, OR
+      # 2. No C compiler is available, OR
+      # 3. Target architecture differs from host architecture (cross-arch compilation)
+      - task: '{{if and (eq OS "linux") (eq .HAS_CC "true") (eq .TARGET_ARCH ARCH)}}build:native{{else}}build:docker{{end}}'
+        vars:
+          ARCH: '{{.ARCH}}'
+          DEV: '{{.DEV}}'
+          OUTPUT: '{{.OUTPUT}}'
+          EXTRA_TAGS: '{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}'
+    vars:
+      DEFAULT_OUTPUT: '{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      OUTPUT: '{{ .OUTPUT | default .DEFAULT_OUTPUT }}'
+      # Determine target architecture (defaults to host ARCH if not specified)
+      TARGET_ARCH: '{{.ARCH | default ARCH}}'
+      # Check if a C compiler is available (gcc or clang)
+      HAS_CC:
+        sh: '(command -v gcc >/dev/null 2>&1 || command -v clang >/dev/null 2>&1) && echo "true" || echo "false"'
+
+  build:native:
+    summary: Builds the application natively on Linux
+    internal: true
+    deps:
+      - task: common:go:mod:tidy
+      - task: common:build:frontend
+        vars:
+          BUILD_FLAGS:
+            ref: .BUILD_FLAGS
+          DEV:
+            ref: .DEV
+      - task: common:generate:icons
+      - task: generate:dotdesktop
+    cmds:
+      - go build {{.BUILD_FLAGS}} -o {{.OUTPUT}}
+    vars:
+      BUILD_FLAGS: '{{if eq .DEV "true"}}{{if .EXTRA_TAGS}}-tags {{.EXTRA_TAGS}} {{end}}-gcflags=all="-l"{{else}}-tags production{{if .EXTRA_TAGS}},{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}{{end}} -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s"{{end}}'
+      DEFAULT_OUTPUT: '{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      OUTPUT: '{{ .OUTPUT | default .DEFAULT_OUTPUT }}'
+    env:
+      GOOS: linux
+      CGO_ENABLED: 1
+      GOARCH: '{{.ARCH | default ARCH}}'
+
+  build:docker:
+    summary: Builds for Linux using Docker (for non-Linux hosts or when no C compiler available)
+    internal: true
+    deps:
+      - task: common:build:frontend
+      - task: common:generate:icons
+      - task: generate:dotdesktop
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: docker info > /dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: "Docker is required for cross-compilation to Linux. Please install Docker."
+      - sh: docker image inspect {{.CROSS_IMAGE}} > /dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: |
+          Docker image '{{.CROSS_IMAGE}}' not found.
+          Build it first: wails3 task setup:docker
+    cmds:
+      - docker run --rm -v "{{.ROOT_DIR}}:/app" {{.GO_CACHE_MOUNT}} {{.REPLACE_MOUNTS}} -e APP_NAME="{{.APP_NAME}}" {{if .EXTRA_TAGS}}-e EXTRA_TAGS="{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}"{{end}} "{{.CROSS_IMAGE}}" linux {{.DOCKER_ARCH}}
+      - docker run --rm -v "{{.ROOT_DIR}}:/app" alpine chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) /app/bin
+      - mkdir -p {{.BIN_DIR}}
+      - mv "bin/{{.APP_NAME}}-linux-{{.DOCKER_ARCH}}" "{{.OUTPUT}}"
+    vars:
+      DOCKER_ARCH: '{{.ARCH | default "amd64"}}'
+      DEFAULT_OUTPUT: '{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      OUTPUT: '{{ .OUTPUT | default .DEFAULT_OUTPUT }}'
+      # Mount Go module cache for faster builds
+      GO_CACHE_MOUNT:
+        sh: 'echo "-v ${GOPATH:-$HOME/go}/pkg/mod:/go/pkg/mod"'
+      # Extract replace directives from go.mod and create -v mounts for each
+      REPLACE_MOUNTS:
+        sh: |
+          grep -E '^replace .* => ' go.mod 2>/dev/null | while read -r line; do
+            path=$(echo "$line" | sed -E 's/^replace .* => //' | tr -d '\r')
+            # Convert relative paths to absolute
+            if [ "${path#/}" = "$path" ]; then
+              path="$(cd "$(dirname "$path")" 2>/dev/null && pwd)/$(basename "$path")"
+            fi
+            # Only mount if directory exists
+            if [ -d "$path" ]; then
+              echo "-v $path:$path:ro"
+            fi
+          done | tr '\n' ' '
+
+  package:
+    summary: Packages the application for Linux
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+    cmds:
+      - task: create:appimage
+      - task: create:deb
+      - task: create:rpm
+      - task: create:aur
+
+  create:appimage:
+    summary: Creates an AppImage
+    dir: build/linux/appimage
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+      - task: generate:dotdesktop
+    cmds:
+      - cp "{{.APP_BINARY}}" "{{.APP_NAME}}"
+      - cp ../../appicon.png "{{.APP_NAME}}.png"
+      - wails3 generate appimage -binary "{{.APP_NAME}}" -icon {{.ICON}} -desktopfile {{.DESKTOP_FILE}} -outputdir {{.OUTPUT_DIR}} -builddir {{.ROOT_DIR}}/build/linux/appimage/build
+    vars:
+      APP_NAME: '{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      APP_BINARY: '../../../bin/{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      ICON: '{{.APP_NAME}}.png'
+      DESKTOP_FILE: '../{{.APP_NAME}}.desktop'
+      OUTPUT_DIR: '../../../bin'
+
+  create:deb:
+    summary: Creates a deb package
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+    cmds:
+      - task: generate:dotdesktop
+      - task: generate:deb
+
+  create:rpm:
+    summary: Creates a rpm package
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+    cmds:
+      - task: generate:dotdesktop
+      - task: generate:rpm
+
+  create:aur:
+    summary: Creates a arch linux packager package
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+    cmds:
+      - task: generate:dotdesktop
+      - task: generate:aur
+
+  generate:deb:
+    summary: Creates a deb package
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool package -name "{{.APP_NAME}}" -format deb -config ./build/linux/nfpm/nfpm.yaml -out {{.ROOT_DIR}}/bin
+
+  generate:rpm:
+    summary: Creates a rpm package
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool package -name "{{.APP_NAME}}" -format rpm -config ./build/linux/nfpm/nfpm.yaml -out {{.ROOT_DIR}}/bin
+
+  generate:aur:
+    summary: Creates a arch linux packager package
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool package -name "{{.APP_NAME}}" -format archlinux -config ./build/linux/nfpm/nfpm.yaml -out {{.ROOT_DIR}}/bin
+
+  generate:dotdesktop:
+    summary: Generates a `.desktop` file
+    dir: build
+    cmds:
+      - mkdir -p {{.ROOT_DIR}}/build/linux/appimage
+      - wails3 generate .desktop -name "{{.APP_NAME}}" -exec "{{.EXEC}}" -icon "{{.ICON}}" -outputfile "{{.ROOT_DIR}}/build/linux/{{.APP_NAME}}.desktop" -categories "{{.CATEGORIES}}"
+      # Wrap Exec= with `env WEBKIT_DISABLE_DMABUF_RENDERER=1 ...` so launches
+      # from any desktop environment use the working renderer. See build/linux/Taskfile.yml :run for the matching dev-mode env block.
+      - sed -i -E 's|^Exec=([^ ]+)(.*)$|Exec=env WEBKIT_DISABLE_DMABUF_RENDERER=1 \1\2|' {{.ROOT_DIR}}/build/linux/{{.APP_NAME}}.desktop
+    vars:
+      APP_NAME: '{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      EXEC: '{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      ICON: '{{.APP_NAME}}'
+      CATEGORIES: 'Development;'
+      OUTPUTFILE: '{{.ROOT_DIR}}/build/linux/{{.APP_NAME}}.desktop'
+
+  run:
+    cmds:
+      - '{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}'
+    env:
+      # WebKitGTK 2.50's default DMA-BUF renderer fails on RDP, VirtualBox/QEMU,
+      # and some bare WMs (Fluxbox, dwm) where DRM dumb-buffer access is
+      # restricted. Disabling it falls back to the GLES2/cairo path which works
+      # everywhere. Production launchers must set this too.
+      WEBKIT_DISABLE_DMABUF_RENDERER: "1"
+
+  sign:deb:
+    summary: Signs the DEB package
+    desc: |
+      Signs the .deb package with a PGP key.
+      Configure PGP_KEY in the vars section at the top of this file.
+      Password is retrieved from system keychain (run: wails3 setup signing)
+    deps:
+      - task: create:deb
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool sign --input "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}*.deb" --pgp-key {{.PGP_KEY}} {{if .SIGN_ROLE}}--role {{.SIGN_ROLE}}{{end}}
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: '[ -n "{{.PGP_KEY}}" ]'
+        msg: "PGP_KEY is required. Set it in the vars section at the top of build/linux/Taskfile.yml"
+
+  sign:rpm:
+    summary: Signs the RPM package
+    desc: |
+      Signs the .rpm package with a PGP key.
+      Configure PGP_KEY in the vars section at the top of this file.
+      Password is retrieved from system keychain (run: wails3 setup signing)
+    deps:
+      - task: create:rpm
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool sign --input "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}*.rpm" --pgp-key {{.PGP_KEY}}
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: '[ -n "{{.PGP_KEY}}" ]'
+        msg: "PGP_KEY is required. Set it in the vars section at the top of build/linux/Taskfile.yml"
+
+  sign:packages:
+    summary: Signs all Linux packages (DEB and RPM)
+    desc: |
+      Signs both .deb and .rpm packages with a PGP key.
+      Configure PGP_KEY in the vars section at the top of this file.
+      Password is retrieved from system keychain (run: wails3 setup signing)
+    cmds:
+      - task: sign:deb
+      - task: sign:rpm
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: '[ -n "{{.PGP_KEY}}" ]'
+        msg: "PGP_KEY is required. Set it in the vars section at the top of build/linux/Taskfile.yml"
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/appimage/build.sh b/client/ui/build/linux/appimage/build.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85901c34e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/appimage/build.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Copyright (c) 2018-Present Lea Anthony
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+# Fail script on any error
+set -euxo pipefail
+
+# Define variables
+APP_DIR="${APP_NAME}.AppDir"
+
+# Create AppDir structure
+mkdir -p "${APP_DIR}/usr/bin"
+cp -r "${APP_BINARY}" "${APP_DIR}/usr/bin/"
+cp "${ICON_PATH}" "${APP_DIR}/"
+cp "${DESKTOP_FILE}" "${APP_DIR}/"
+
+if [[ $(uname -m) == *x86_64* ]]; then
+    # Download linuxdeploy and make it executable
+    wget -q -4 -N https://github.com/linuxdeploy/linuxdeploy/releases/download/continuous/linuxdeploy-x86_64.AppImage
+    chmod +x linuxdeploy-x86_64.AppImage
+
+    # Run linuxdeploy to bundle the application
+    ./linuxdeploy-x86_64.AppImage --appdir "${APP_DIR}" --output appimage
+else
+    # Download linuxdeploy and make it executable (arm64)
+    wget -q -4 -N https://github.com/linuxdeploy/linuxdeploy/releases/download/continuous/linuxdeploy-aarch64.AppImage
+    chmod +x linuxdeploy-aarch64.AppImage
+
+    # Run linuxdeploy to bundle the application (arm64)
+    ./linuxdeploy-aarch64.AppImage --appdir "${APP_DIR}" --output appimage
+fi
+
+# Rename the generated AppImage
+mv "${APP_NAME}*.AppImage" "${APP_NAME}.AppImage"
+
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/desktop b/client/ui/build/linux/desktop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..deadfe9f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/desktop
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[Desktop Entry]
+Version=1.0
+Name=NetBird
+Comment=NetBird desktop client
+# The Exec line includes %u to pass the URL to the application
+Exec=/usr/local/bin/netbird-ui %u
+Terminal=false
+Type=Application
+Icon=netbird-ui
+Categories=Utility;
+StartupWMClass=netbird-ui
+
+ 
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/netbird-ui.desktop b/client/ui/build/linux/netbird-ui.desktop
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6b6ed42a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/netbird-ui.desktop
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[Desktop Entry]
+Type=Application
+Name=netbird-ui
+Exec=env WEBKIT_DISABLE_DMABUF_RENDERER=1 netbird-ui
+Icon=netbird-ui
+Categories=Development;
+Terminal=false
+Keywords=wails
+Version=1.0
+StartupNotify=false
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/netbird.desktop b/client/ui/build/linux/netbird.desktop
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d43b62a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/netbird.desktop
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[Desktop Entry]
+Name=NetBird
+Comment=NetBird desktop client
+Exec=env WEBKIT_DISABLE_DMABUF_RENDERER=1 /usr/bin/netbird-ui
+Icon=netbird
+Type=Application
+Terminal=false
+Categories=Utility;
+Keywords=netbird;
+StartupWMClass=org.wails.netbird
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/nfpm.yaml b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/nfpm.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..764855a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/nfpm.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Feel free to remove those if you don't want/need to use them.
+# Make sure to check the documentation at https://nfpm.goreleaser.com
+#
+# The lines below are called `modelines`. See `:help modeline`
+
+name: "netbird-ui"
+arch: ${GOARCH}
+platform: "linux"
+version: "0.0.1"
+section: "default"
+priority: "extra"
+maintainer: ${GIT_COMMITTER_NAME} <${GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL}>
+description: "NetBird desktop client"
+vendor: "NetBird"
+homepage: "https://wails.io"
+license: "MIT"
+release: "1"
+
+contents:
+  - src: "./bin/netbird-ui"
+    dst: "/usr/local/bin/netbird-ui"
+  - src: "./build/appicon.png"
+    dst: "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/netbird-ui.png"
+  - src: "./build/linux/netbird-ui.desktop"
+    dst: "/usr/share/applications/netbird-ui.desktop"
+
+# Default dependencies for the GTK4 + WebKitGTK 6.0 stack (Ubuntu 24.04+ / Debian 13+)
+depends:
+  - libgtk-4-1 (>= 4.14)
+  - libwebkitgtk-6.0-4
+  - xdg-utils
+
+# Distribution-specific overrides for different package formats
+overrides:
+  # RPM packages for Fedora / RHEL / AlmaLinux / Rocky Linux / openSUSE
+  rpm:
+    depends:
+      - (gtk4 >= 4.14 or libgtk-4-1 >= 4.14)
+      - (webkitgtk6.0 or libwebkitgtk-6_0-4)
+      - xdg-utils
+
+  # Arch Linux packages
+  archlinux:
+    depends:
+      - gtk4
+      - webkitgtk-6.0
+      - xdg-utils
+
+# scripts section to ensure desktop database is updated after install
+scripts:
+  postinstall: "./build/linux/nfpm/scripts/postinstall.sh"
+  # You can also add preremove, postremove if needed
+  # preremove: "./build/linux/nfpm/scripts/preremove.sh"
+  # postremove: "./build/linux/nfpm/scripts/postremove.sh"
+
+# replaces:
+#   - foobar
+# provides:
+#   - bar
+# depends:
+#   - gtk3
+#   - libwebkit2gtk
+# recommends:
+#   - whatever
+# suggests:
+#   - something-else
+# conflicts:
+#   - not-foo
+#   - not-bar
+# changelog: "changelog.yaml"
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/postinstall.sh b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/postinstall.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bbb815a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/postinstall.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Update desktop database for .desktop file changes
+# This makes the application appear in application menus and registers its capabilities.
+if command -v update-desktop-database >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "Updating desktop database..."
+  update-desktop-database -q /usr/share/applications
+else
+  echo "Warning: update-desktop-database command not found. Desktop file may not be immediately recognized." >&2
+fi
+
+# Update MIME database for custom URL schemes (x-scheme-handler)
+# This ensures the system knows how to handle your custom protocols.
+if command -v update-mime-database >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "Updating MIME database..."
+  update-mime-database -n /usr/share/mime
+else
+  echo "Warning: update-mime-database command not found. Custom URL schemes may not be immediately recognized." >&2
+fi
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/postremove.sh b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/postremove.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9bf588e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/postremove.sh
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#!/bin/bash
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/preinstall.sh b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/preinstall.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9bf588e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/preinstall.sh
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#!/bin/bash
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/preremove.sh b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/preremove.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9bf588e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/nfpm/scripts/preremove.sh
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#!/bin/bash
diff --git a/client/ui/build/linux/polkit/io.netbird.settings.policy b/client/ui/build/linux/polkit/io.netbird.settings.policy
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e12f1ddc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/linux/polkit/io.netbird.settings.policy
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
+ "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">
+
+<!--
+  Names the action behind the elevation prompt the desktop app raises for an SSH
+  setting the daemon restricts to root; without it pkexec's generic dialog offers
+  the raw command line instead. The argv1 annotation keeps this wording to the
+  one-shot mode that applies those settings.
+
+  auth_admin rather than auth_admin_keep: each of these settings is its own grant
+  of shell access, so a credential cache would let a second, unasked-for change
+  ride along on the authorization given the first.
+
+  exec.path takes no wildcard and the binary's location depends on the package,
+  hence one action per path.
+-->
+<policyconfig>
+  <vendor>NetBird</vendor>
+  <vendor_url>https://netbird.io</vendor_url>
+
+  <action id="io.netbird.settings.apply-privileged">
+    <description>Change privileged NetBird settings</description>
+    <message>Authentication is required to change NetBird settings that grant SSH access to this computer.</message>
+    <icon_name>netbird</icon_name>
+    <defaults>
+      <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
+      <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
+      <allow_active>auth_admin</allow_active>
+    </defaults>
+    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/usr/bin/netbird-ui</annotate>
+    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.argv1">--apply-privileged-settings</annotate>
+  </action>
+
+  <action id="io.netbird.settings.apply-privileged-local">
+    <description>Change privileged NetBird settings</description>
+    <message>Authentication is required to change NetBird settings that grant SSH access to this computer.</message>
+    <icon_name>netbird</icon_name>
+    <defaults>
+      <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
+      <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
+      <allow_active>auth_admin</allow_active>
+    </defaults>
+    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/usr/local/bin/netbird-ui</annotate>
+    <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.argv1">--apply-privileged-settings</annotate>
+  </action>
+</policyconfig>
diff --git a/client/ui/build/netbird.desktop b/client/ui/build/netbird.desktop
deleted file mode 100644
index b3a1b92dc..000000000
--- a/client/ui/build/netbird.desktop
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-[Desktop Entry]
-Name=Netbird
-Exec=/usr/bin/netbird-ui
-Icon=netbird
-Type=Application
-Terminal=false
-Categories=Utility;
-Keywords=netbird;
diff --git a/client/ui/build/windows/Taskfile.yml b/client/ui/build/windows/Taskfile.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f51f7fbee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/windows/Taskfile.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+version: '3'
+
+includes:
+  common: ../Taskfile.yml
+
+vars:
+  # Signing configuration - edit these values for your project
+  # SIGN_CERTIFICATE: "path/to/certificate.pfx"
+  # SIGN_THUMBPRINT: "certificate-thumbprint"  # Alternative to SIGN_CERTIFICATE
+  # TIMESTAMP_SERVER: "http://timestamp.digicert.com"
+  #
+  # Password is stored securely in system keychain. Run: wails3 setup signing
+
+  # Docker image for cross-compilation with CGO (used when CGO_ENABLED=1 on non-Windows)
+  CROSS_IMAGE: wails-cross
+
+tasks:
+  build:
+    summary: Builds the application for Windows
+    cmds:
+      # CGO Windows builds from Linux use mingw-w64 (lighter than docker).
+      # Docker is only needed if mingw-w64 is unavailable.
+      - task: build:native
+        vars:
+          ARCH: '{{.ARCH}}'
+          DEV: '{{.DEV}}'
+          EXTRA_TAGS: '{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}'
+    vars:
+      CGO_ENABLED: '{{.CGO_ENABLED | default "0"}}'
+
+  build:console:
+    summary: Builds a console-attached Windows binary so logs go to the terminal.
+    desc: |
+      Same as `windows:build` but links against the console PE subsystem
+      instead of windowsgui, so stdout/stderr (logrus, panics) print to the
+      terminal that launched the .exe. Useful for chasing tray, event-stream,
+      or daemon-RPC bugs that have no other feedback channel on Windows.
+
+      Output is bin/netbird-ui-console.exe — kept distinct so the production
+      binary built by `windows:build` isn't shadowed.
+
+      Cross-compile from Linux works the same way:
+        CGO_ENABLED=1 task windows:build:console
+
+      Pass DEV=true to drop the `production` build tag so the WebKit/WebView2
+      DevTools inspector (right-click → Inspect, or F12) stays enabled and the
+      frontend JS console is reachable — same DEV handling as windows:build:
+        CGO_ENABLED=1 task windows:build:console DEV=true
+    deps:
+      - task: common:go:mod:tidy
+      - task: common:build:frontend
+        vars:
+          BUILD_FLAGS:
+            ref: .BUILD_FLAGS
+          DEV:
+            ref: .DEV
+      - task: common:generate:icons
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: '[ "{{OS}}" = "windows" ] || [ "{{.CGO_ENABLED}}" != "1" ] || command -v {{.CC}}'
+        msg: "{{.CC}} not found. Install with: sudo apt-get install gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64 (Debian/Ubuntu) / sudo dnf install mingw64-gcc (Fedora)"
+    cmds:
+      - task: generate:syso
+      - go build {{.BUILD_FLAGS}} -o "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-console.exe"
+      - cmd: powershell Remove-item *.syso
+        platforms: [windows]
+      - cmd: rm -f *.syso
+        platforms: [linux, darwin]
+    vars:
+      # Identical to build:native's flags (including DEV handling) except no
+      # -H windowsgui, so the binary attaches to the launching console. With
+      # DEV=true the `production` tag is dropped, keeping the WebKit/WebView2
+      # DevTools inspector enabled so the frontend JS console is reachable.
+      BUILD_FLAGS: '{{if eq .DEV "true"}}{{if .EXTRA_TAGS}}-tags {{.EXTRA_TAGS}} {{end}}-gcflags=all="-l"{{else}}-tags production{{if .EXTRA_TAGS}},{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}{{end}} -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s"{{end}}'
+      CGO_ENABLED: '{{.CGO_ENABLED | default "0"}}'
+      CC: '{{.CC | default "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc"}}'
+    env:
+      GOOS: windows
+      CGO_ENABLED: '{{.CGO_ENABLED}}'
+      GOARCH: '{{.ARCH | default ARCH}}'
+      CC: '{{.CC}}'
+
+  build:native:
+    summary: Builds for Windows natively, or cross-compiles from Linux/macOS via mingw-w64.
+    internal: true
+    deps:
+      - task: common:go:mod:tidy
+      - task: common:build:frontend
+        vars:
+          BUILD_FLAGS:
+            ref: .BUILD_FLAGS
+          DEV:
+            ref: .DEV
+      - task: common:generate:icons
+    preconditions:
+      # When cross-compiling with CGO from a non-Windows host, the mingw-w64
+      # cross-gcc must be present. Native Windows builds skip this check.
+      - sh: '[ "{{OS}}" = "windows" ] || [ "{{.CGO_ENABLED}}" != "1" ] || command -v {{.CC}}'
+        msg: "{{.CC}} not found. Install with: sudo apt-get install gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64 (Debian/Ubuntu) / sudo dnf install mingw64-gcc (Fedora)"
+    cmds:
+      - task: generate:syso
+      - go build {{.BUILD_FLAGS}} -o "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.exe"
+      - cmd: powershell Remove-item *.syso
+        platforms: [windows]
+      - cmd: rm -f *.syso
+        platforms: [linux, darwin]
+    vars:
+      BUILD_FLAGS: '{{if eq .DEV "true"}}{{if .EXTRA_TAGS}}-tags {{.EXTRA_TAGS}} {{end}}-gcflags=all="-l"{{else}}-tags production{{if .EXTRA_TAGS}},{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}{{end}} -trimpath -ldflags="-w -s -H windowsgui"{{end}}'
+      CGO_ENABLED: '{{.CGO_ENABLED | default "0"}}'
+      CC: '{{.CC | default "x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc"}}'
+    env:
+      GOOS: windows
+      CGO_ENABLED: '{{.CGO_ENABLED}}'
+      GOARCH: '{{.ARCH | default ARCH}}'
+      CC: '{{.CC}}'
+
+  build:docker:
+    summary: Cross-compiles for Windows using Docker with Zig (for CGO builds on non-Windows)
+    internal: true
+    deps:
+      - task: common:build:frontend
+      - task: common:generate:icons
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: docker info > /dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: "Docker is required for CGO cross-compilation. Please install Docker."
+      - sh: docker image inspect {{.CROSS_IMAGE}} > /dev/null 2>&1
+        msg: |
+          Docker image '{{.CROSS_IMAGE}}' not found.
+          Build it first: wails3 task setup:docker
+    cmds:
+      - task: generate:syso
+      - docker run --rm -v "{{.ROOT_DIR}}:/app" {{.GO_CACHE_MOUNT}} {{.REPLACE_MOUNTS}} -e APP_NAME="{{.APP_NAME}}" {{if .EXTRA_TAGS}}-e EXTRA_TAGS="{{.EXTRA_TAGS}}"{{end}} {{.CROSS_IMAGE}} windows {{.DOCKER_ARCH}}
+      - docker run --rm -v "{{.ROOT_DIR}}:/app" alpine chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) /app/bin
+      - rm -f *.syso
+    vars:
+      DOCKER_ARCH: '{{.ARCH | default "amd64"}}'
+      # Mount Go module cache for faster builds
+      GO_CACHE_MOUNT:
+        sh: 'echo "-v ${GOPATH:-$HOME/go}/pkg/mod:/go/pkg/mod"'
+      # Extract replace directives from go.mod and create -v mounts for each
+      REPLACE_MOUNTS:
+        sh: |
+          grep -E '^replace .* => ' go.mod 2>/dev/null | while read -r line; do
+            path=$(echo "$line" | sed -E 's/^replace .* => //' | tr -d '\r')
+            # Convert relative paths to absolute
+            if [ "${path#/}" = "$path" ]; then
+              path="$(cd "$(dirname "$path")" 2>/dev/null && pwd)/$(basename "$path")"
+            fi
+            # Only mount if directory exists
+            if [ -d "$path" ]; then
+              echo "-v $path:$path:ro"
+            fi
+          done | tr '\n' ' '
+
+  package:
+    summary: Packages the application
+    cmds:
+      - task: '{{if eq (.FORMAT | default "nsis") "msix"}}create:msix:package{{else}}create:nsis:installer{{end}}'
+    vars:
+      FORMAT: '{{.FORMAT | default "nsis"}}'
+
+  generate:syso:
+    summary: Generates Windows `.syso` file
+    dir: build
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 generate syso -arch {{.ARCH}} -icon windows/icon.ico -manifest windows/wails.exe.manifest -info windows/info.json -out ../wails_windows_{{.ARCH}}.syso
+    vars:
+      ARCH: '{{.ARCH | default ARCH}}'
+
+  create:nsis:installer:
+    summary: Creates an NSIS installer
+    dir: build/windows/nsis
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+    cmds:
+      # Create the Microsoft WebView2 bootstrapper if it doesn't exist
+      - wails3 generate webview2bootstrapper -dir "{{.ROOT_DIR}}/build/windows/nsis"
+      - | 
+        {{if eq OS "windows"}}
+        makensis -DARG_WAILS_{{.ARG_FLAG}}_BINARY="{{.ROOT_DIR}}\{{.BIN_DIR}}\{{.APP_NAME}}.exe" project.nsi
+        {{else}}
+        makensis -DARG_WAILS_{{.ARG_FLAG}}_BINARY="{{.ROOT_DIR}}/{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.exe" project.nsi
+        {{end}}
+    vars:
+      ARCH: '{{.ARCH | default ARCH}}'
+      ARG_FLAG: '{{if eq .ARCH "amd64"}}AMD64{{else}}ARM64{{end}}'
+
+  create:msix:package:
+    summary: Creates an MSIX package
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+    cmds:
+      - |-
+        wails3 tool msix \
+          --config "{{.ROOT_DIR}}/wails.json" \
+          --name "{{.APP_NAME}}" \
+          --executable "{{.ROOT_DIR}}/{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.exe" \
+          --arch "{{.ARCH}}" \
+          --out "{{.ROOT_DIR}}/{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}-{{.ARCH}}.msix" \
+          {{if .CERT_PATH}}--cert "{{.CERT_PATH}}"{{end}} \
+          {{if .PUBLISHER}}--publisher "{{.PUBLISHER}}"{{end}} \
+          {{if .USE_MSIX_TOOL}}--use-msix-tool{{else}}--use-makeappx{{end}}
+    vars:
+      ARCH: '{{.ARCH | default ARCH}}'
+      CERT_PATH: '{{.CERT_PATH | default ""}}'
+      PUBLISHER: '{{.PUBLISHER | default ""}}'
+      USE_MSIX_TOOL: '{{.USE_MSIX_TOOL | default "false"}}'
+
+  install:msix:tools:
+    summary: Installs tools required for MSIX packaging
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool msix-install-tools
+
+  run:
+    cmds:
+      - '{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.exe'
+
+  sign:
+    summary: Signs the Windows executable
+    desc: |
+      Signs the .exe with an Authenticode certificate.
+      Configure SIGN_CERTIFICATE or SIGN_THUMBPRINT in the vars section at the top of this file.
+      Password is retrieved from system keychain (run: wails3 setup signing)
+    deps:
+      - task: build
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool sign --input "{{.BIN_DIR}}/{{.APP_NAME}}.exe" {{if .SIGN_CERTIFICATE}}--certificate {{.SIGN_CERTIFICATE}}{{end}} {{if .SIGN_THUMBPRINT}}--thumbprint {{.SIGN_THUMBPRINT}}{{end}} {{if .TIMESTAMP_SERVER}}--timestamp {{.TIMESTAMP_SERVER}}{{end}}
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: '[ -n "{{.SIGN_CERTIFICATE}}" ] || [ -n "{{.SIGN_THUMBPRINT}}" ]'
+        msg: "Either SIGN_CERTIFICATE or SIGN_THUMBPRINT is required. Set it in the vars section at the top of build/windows/Taskfile.yml"
+
+  sign:installer:
+    summary: Signs the NSIS installer
+    desc: |
+      Creates and signs the NSIS installer.
+      Configure SIGN_CERTIFICATE or SIGN_THUMBPRINT in the vars section at the top of this file.
+      Password is retrieved from system keychain (run: wails3 setup signing)
+    deps:
+      - task: create:nsis:installer
+    cmds:
+      - wails3 tool sign --input "build/windows/nsis/{{.APP_NAME}}-installer.exe" {{if .SIGN_CERTIFICATE}}--certificate {{.SIGN_CERTIFICATE}}{{end}} {{if .SIGN_THUMBPRINT}}--thumbprint {{.SIGN_THUMBPRINT}}{{end}} {{if .TIMESTAMP_SERVER}}--timestamp {{.TIMESTAMP_SERVER}}{{end}}
+    preconditions:
+      - sh: '[ -n "{{.SIGN_CERTIFICATE}}" ] || [ -n "{{.SIGN_THUMBPRINT}}" ]'
+        msg: "Either SIGN_CERTIFICATE or SIGN_THUMBPRINT is required. Set it in the vars section at the top of build/windows/Taskfile.yml"
diff --git a/client/ui/build/windows/icon.ico b/client/ui/build/windows/icon.ico
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7abbfa5a3
Binary files /dev/null and b/client/ui/build/windows/icon.ico differ
diff --git a/client/ui/build/windows/info.json b/client/ui/build/windows/info.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a67c8fd81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/windows/info.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+	"fixed": {
+		"file_version": "0.0.1"
+	},
+	"info": {
+		"0000": {
+			"ProductVersion": "0.0.1",
+			"CompanyName": "NetBird",
+			"FileDescription": "NetBird desktop client",
+			"LegalCopyright": "NetBird GmbH",
+			"ProductName": "NetBird",
+			"Comments": "This is a comment"
+		}
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/ui/build/windows/msix/app_manifest.xml b/client/ui/build/windows/msix/app_manifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ae55ce77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/windows/msix/app_manifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Package
+  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/foundation/windows10"
+  xmlns:uap="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/uap/windows10"
+  xmlns:uap3="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/uap/windows10/3"
+  xmlns:rescap="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/foundation/windows10/restrictedcapabilities"
+  xmlns:desktop="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/manifest/desktop/windows10"
+  IgnorableNamespaces="uap3">
+  
+  <Identity 
+    Name="io.netbird.client"
+    Publisher="CN=NetBird"
+    Version="0.0.1.0" 
+    ProcessorArchitecture="x64" />
+  
+  <Properties>
+    <DisplayName>NetBird</DisplayName>
+    <PublisherDisplayName>NetBird</PublisherDisplayName>
+    <Description>NetBird desktop client</Description>
+    <Logo>Assets\StoreLogo.png</Logo>
+  </Properties>
+  
+  <Dependencies>
+    <TargetDeviceFamily Name="Windows.Desktop" MinVersion="10.0.17763.0" MaxVersionTested="10.0.19041.0" />
+  </Dependencies>
+  
+  <Resources>
+    <Resource Language="en-us" />
+  </Resources>
+  
+  <Applications>
+    <Application Id="io.netbird.client" Executable="netbird-ui" EntryPoint="Windows.FullTrustApplication">
+      <uap:VisualElements
+        DisplayName="NetBird"
+        Description="NetBird desktop client"
+        BackgroundColor="transparent"
+        Square150x150Logo="Assets\Square150x150Logo.png"
+        Square44x44Logo="Assets\Square44x44Logo.png">
+        <uap:DefaultTile Wide310x150Logo="Assets\Wide310x150Logo.png" />
+        <uap:SplashScreen Image="Assets\SplashScreen.png" />
+      </uap:VisualElements>
+      
+      <Extensions>
+        <desktop:Extension Category="windows.fullTrustProcess" Executable="netbird-ui" />
+        
+        
+      </Extensions>
+    </Application>
+  </Applications>
+  
+  <Capabilities>
+    <rescap:Capability Name="runFullTrust" />
+    
+  </Capabilities>
+</Package>
diff --git a/client/ui/build/windows/msix/template.xml b/client/ui/build/windows/msix/template.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..437a68097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/windows/msix/template.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<MsixPackagingToolTemplate
+    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/msix/packaging/msixpackagingtool/template/2022">
+    <Settings
+        AllowTelemetry="false"
+        ApplyACLsToPackageFiles="true"
+        GenerateCommandLineFile="true"
+        AllowPromptForPassword="false">
+    </Settings>
+    <Installer
+        Path="netbird-ui"
+        Arguments=""
+        InstallLocation="C:\Program Files\NetBird\NetBird">
+    </Installer>
+    <PackageInformation
+        PackageName="NetBird"
+        PackageDisplayName="NetBird"
+        PublisherName="CN=NetBird"
+        PublisherDisplayName="NetBird"
+        Version="0.0.1.0"
+        PackageDescription="NetBird desktop client">
+        <Capabilities>
+            <Capability Name="runFullTrust" />
+            
+        </Capabilities>
+        <Applications>
+            <Application
+                Id="io.netbird.client"
+                Description="NetBird desktop client"
+                DisplayName="NetBird"
+                ExecutableName="netbird-ui"
+                EntryPoint="Windows.FullTrustApplication">
+                
+            </Application>
+        </Applications>
+        <Resources>
+            <Resource Language="en-us" />
+        </Resources>
+        <Dependencies>
+            <TargetDeviceFamily Name="Windows.Desktop" MinVersion="10.0.17763.0" MaxVersionTested="10.0.19041.0" />
+        </Dependencies>
+        <Properties>
+            <Framework>false</Framework>
+            <DisplayName>NetBird</DisplayName>
+            <PublisherDisplayName>NetBird</PublisherDisplayName>
+            <Description>NetBird desktop client</Description>
+            <Logo>Assets\AppIcon.png</Logo>
+        </Properties>
+    </PackageInformation>
+    <SaveLocation PackagePath="netbird-ui.msix" />
+    <PackageIntegrity>
+        <CertificatePath></CertificatePath>
+    </PackageIntegrity>
+</MsixPackagingToolTemplate>
diff --git a/client/ui/build/windows/nsis/project.nsi b/client/ui/build/windows/nsis/project.nsi
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d2530972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/windows/nsis/project.nsi
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+Unicode true
+
+####
+## Please note: Template replacements don't work in this file. They are provided with default defines like
+## mentioned underneath.
+## If the keyword is not defined, "wails_tools.nsh" will populate them.
+## If they are defined here, "wails_tools.nsh" will not touch them. This allows you to use this project.nsi manually
+## from outside of Wails for debugging and development of the installer.
+## 
+## For development first make a wails nsis build to populate the "wails_tools.nsh":
+## > wails build --target windows/amd64 --nsis
+## Then you can call makensis on this file with specifying the path to your binary:
+## For a AMD64 only installer:
+## > makensis -DARG_WAILS_AMD64_BINARY=..\..\bin\app.exe
+## For a ARM64 only installer:
+## > makensis -DARG_WAILS_ARM64_BINARY=..\..\bin\app.exe
+## For a installer with both architectures:
+## > makensis -DARG_WAILS_AMD64_BINARY=..\..\bin\app-amd64.exe -DARG_WAILS_ARM64_BINARY=..\..\bin\app-arm64.exe
+####
+## The following information is taken from the wails_tools.nsh file, but they can be overwritten here.
+####
+## !define INFO_PROJECTNAME    "my-project" # Default "netbird-ui"
+## !define INFO_COMPANYNAME    "My Company" # Default "NetBird"
+## !define INFO_PRODUCTNAME    "My Product Name" # Default "NetBird"
+## !define INFO_PRODUCTVERSION "1.0.0"     # Default "0.0.1"
+## !define INFO_COPYRIGHT      "(c) Now, My Company" # Default "© 2026, My Company"
+###
+## !define PRODUCT_EXECUTABLE  "Application.exe"      # Default "${INFO_PROJECTNAME}.exe"
+## !define UNINST_KEY_NAME     "UninstKeyInRegistry"  # Default "${INFO_COMPANYNAME}${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}"
+####
+## !define REQUEST_EXECUTION_LEVEL "admin"            # Default "admin"  see also https://nsis.sourceforge.io/Docs/Chapter4.html
+####
+## Include the wails tools
+####
+!include "wails_tools.nsh"
+
+# The version information for this two must consist of 4 parts
+VIProductVersion "${INFO_PRODUCTVERSION}.0"
+VIFileVersion    "${INFO_PRODUCTVERSION}.0"
+
+VIAddVersionKey "CompanyName"     "${INFO_COMPANYNAME}"
+VIAddVersionKey "FileDescription" "${INFO_PRODUCTNAME} Installer"
+VIAddVersionKey "ProductVersion"  "${INFO_PRODUCTVERSION}"
+VIAddVersionKey "FileVersion"     "${INFO_PRODUCTVERSION}"
+VIAddVersionKey "LegalCopyright"  "${INFO_COPYRIGHT}"
+VIAddVersionKey "ProductName"     "${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}"
+
+# Enable HiDPI support. https://nsis.sourceforge.io/Reference/ManifestDPIAware
+ManifestDPIAware true
+
+!include "MUI.nsh"
+
+!define MUI_ICON "..\icon.ico"
+!define MUI_UNICON "..\icon.ico"
+# !define MUI_WELCOMEFINISHPAGE_BITMAP "resources\leftimage.bmp" #Include this to add a bitmap on the left side of the Welcome Page. Must be a size of 164x314
+!define MUI_FINISHPAGE_NOAUTOCLOSE # Wait on the INSTFILES page so the user can take a look into the details of the installation steps
+!define MUI_ABORTWARNING # This will warn the user if they exit from the installer.
+
+!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_WELCOME # Welcome to the installer page.
+# !insertmacro MUI_PAGE_LICENSE "resources\eula.txt" # Adds a EULA page to the installer
+!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_DIRECTORY # In which folder install page.
+!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_INSTFILES # Installing page.
+!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_FINISH # Finished installation page.
+
+!insertmacro MUI_UNPAGE_INSTFILES # Uninstalling page
+
+!insertmacro MUI_LANGUAGE "English" # Set the Language of the installer
+
+## The following two statements can be used to sign the installer and the uninstaller. The path to the binaries are provided in %1
+#!uninstfinalize 'signtool --file "%1"'
+#!finalize 'signtool --file "%1"'
+
+Name "${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}"
+OutFile "..\..\..\bin\${INFO_PROJECTNAME}-${ARCH}-installer.exe" # Name of the installer's file.
+InstallDir "$PROGRAMFILES64\${INFO_COMPANYNAME}\${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}" # Default installing folder ($PROGRAMFILES is Program Files folder).
+ShowInstDetails show # This will always show the installation details.
+
+Function .onInit
+   !insertmacro wails.checkArchitecture
+FunctionEnd
+
+Section
+    !insertmacro wails.setShellContext
+
+    !insertmacro wails.webview2runtime
+
+    SetOutPath $INSTDIR
+    
+    !insertmacro wails.files
+
+    CreateShortcut "$SMPROGRAMS\${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}.lnk" "$INSTDIR\${PRODUCT_EXECUTABLE}"
+    CreateShortCut "$DESKTOP\${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}.lnk" "$INSTDIR\${PRODUCT_EXECUTABLE}"
+
+    !insertmacro wails.associateFiles
+    !insertmacro wails.associateCustomProtocols
+    
+    !insertmacro wails.writeUninstaller
+SectionEnd
+
+Section "uninstall" 
+    !insertmacro wails.setShellContext
+
+    RMDir /r "$AppData\${PRODUCT_EXECUTABLE}" # Remove the WebView2 DataPath
+
+    RMDir /r $INSTDIR
+
+    Delete "$SMPROGRAMS\${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}.lnk"
+    Delete "$DESKTOP\${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}.lnk"
+
+    !insertmacro wails.unassociateFiles
+    !insertmacro wails.unassociateCustomProtocols
+
+    !insertmacro wails.deleteUninstaller
+SectionEnd
diff --git a/client/ui/build/windows/nsis/wails_tools.nsh b/client/ui/build/windows/nsis/wails_tools.nsh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b63101b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/windows/nsis/wails_tools.nsh
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+# DO NOT EDIT - Generated automatically by `wails build`
+
+!include "x64.nsh"
+!include "WinVer.nsh"
+!include "FileFunc.nsh"
+
+!ifndef INFO_PROJECTNAME
+    !define INFO_PROJECTNAME "netbird-ui"
+!endif
+!ifndef INFO_COMPANYNAME
+    !define INFO_COMPANYNAME "NetBird"
+!endif
+!ifndef INFO_PRODUCTNAME
+    !define INFO_PRODUCTNAME "NetBird"
+!endif
+!ifndef INFO_PRODUCTVERSION
+    !define INFO_PRODUCTVERSION "0.0.1"
+!endif
+!ifndef INFO_COPYRIGHT
+    !define INFO_COPYRIGHT "NetBird GmbH"
+!endif
+!ifndef PRODUCT_EXECUTABLE
+    !define PRODUCT_EXECUTABLE "${INFO_PROJECTNAME}.exe"
+!endif
+!ifndef UNINST_KEY_NAME
+    !define UNINST_KEY_NAME "${INFO_COMPANYNAME}${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}"
+!endif
+!define UNINST_KEY "Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\${UNINST_KEY_NAME}"
+
+!ifndef REQUEST_EXECUTION_LEVEL
+    !define REQUEST_EXECUTION_LEVEL "admin"
+!endif
+
+RequestExecutionLevel "${REQUEST_EXECUTION_LEVEL}"
+
+!ifdef ARG_WAILS_AMD64_BINARY
+    !define SUPPORTS_AMD64
+!endif
+
+!ifdef ARG_WAILS_ARM64_BINARY
+    !define SUPPORTS_ARM64
+!endif
+
+!ifdef SUPPORTS_AMD64
+    !ifdef SUPPORTS_ARM64
+        !define ARCH "amd64_arm64"
+    !else
+        !define ARCH "amd64"
+    !endif
+!else
+    !ifdef SUPPORTS_ARM64
+        !define ARCH "arm64"
+    !else
+        !error "Wails: Undefined ARCH, please provide at least one of ARG_WAILS_AMD64_BINARY or ARG_WAILS_ARM64_BINARY"
+    !endif
+!endif
+
+!macro wails.checkArchitecture
+    !ifndef WAILS_WIN10_REQUIRED
+        !define WAILS_WIN10_REQUIRED "This product is only supported on Windows 10 (Server 2016) and later."
+    !endif
+
+    !ifndef WAILS_ARCHITECTURE_NOT_SUPPORTED
+        !define WAILS_ARCHITECTURE_NOT_SUPPORTED "This product can't be installed on the current Windows architecture. Supports: ${ARCH}"
+    !endif
+
+    ${If} ${AtLeastWin10}
+        !ifdef SUPPORTS_AMD64
+            ${if} ${IsNativeAMD64}
+                Goto ok
+            ${EndIf}
+        !endif
+
+        !ifdef SUPPORTS_ARM64
+            ${if} ${IsNativeARM64}
+                Goto ok
+            ${EndIf}
+        !endif
+
+        IfSilent silentArch notSilentArch
+        silentArch:
+            SetErrorLevel 65
+            Abort
+        notSilentArch:
+            MessageBox MB_OK "${WAILS_ARCHITECTURE_NOT_SUPPORTED}"
+            Quit
+    ${else}
+        IfSilent silentWin notSilentWin
+        silentWin:
+            SetErrorLevel 64
+            Abort
+        notSilentWin:
+            MessageBox MB_OK "${WAILS_WIN10_REQUIRED}"
+            Quit
+    ${EndIf}
+
+    ok:
+!macroend
+
+!macro wails.files
+    !ifdef SUPPORTS_AMD64
+        ${if} ${IsNativeAMD64}
+            File "/oname=${PRODUCT_EXECUTABLE}" "${ARG_WAILS_AMD64_BINARY}"
+        ${EndIf}
+    !endif
+
+    !ifdef SUPPORTS_ARM64
+        ${if} ${IsNativeARM64}
+            File "/oname=${PRODUCT_EXECUTABLE}" "${ARG_WAILS_ARM64_BINARY}"
+        ${EndIf}
+    !endif
+!macroend
+
+!macro wails.writeUninstaller
+    WriteUninstaller "$INSTDIR\uninstall.exe"
+
+    SetRegView 64
+    WriteRegStr HKLM "${UNINST_KEY}" "Publisher" "${INFO_COMPANYNAME}"
+    WriteRegStr HKLM "${UNINST_KEY}" "DisplayName" "${INFO_PRODUCTNAME}"
+    WriteRegStr HKLM "${UNINST_KEY}" "DisplayVersion" "${INFO_PRODUCTVERSION}"
+    WriteRegStr HKLM "${UNINST_KEY}" "DisplayIcon" "$INSTDIR\${PRODUCT_EXECUTABLE}"
+    WriteRegStr HKLM "${UNINST_KEY}" "UninstallString" "$\"$INSTDIR\uninstall.exe$\""
+    WriteRegStr HKLM "${UNINST_KEY}" "QuietUninstallString" "$\"$INSTDIR\uninstall.exe$\" /S"
+
+    ${GetSize} "$INSTDIR" "/S=0K" $0 $1 $2
+    IntFmt $0 "0x%08X" $0
+    WriteRegDWORD HKLM "${UNINST_KEY}" "EstimatedSize" "$0"
+!macroend
+
+!macro wails.deleteUninstaller
+    Delete "$INSTDIR\uninstall.exe"
+
+    SetRegView 64
+    DeleteRegKey HKLM "${UNINST_KEY}"
+!macroend
+
+!macro wails.setShellContext
+    ${If} ${REQUEST_EXECUTION_LEVEL} == "admin"
+        SetShellVarContext all
+    ${else}
+        SetShellVarContext current
+    ${EndIf}
+!macroend
+
+# Install webview2 by launching the bootstrapper
+# See https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/webview2/concepts/distribution#online-only-deployment
+!macro wails.webview2runtime
+    !ifndef WAILS_INSTALL_WEBVIEW_DETAILPRINT
+        !define WAILS_INSTALL_WEBVIEW_DETAILPRINT "Installing: WebView2 Runtime"
+    !endif
+
+    SetRegView 64
+	# If the admin key exists and is not empty then webview2 is already installed
+	ReadRegStr $0 HKLM "SOFTWARE\WOW6432Node\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Clients\{F3017226-FE2A-4295-8BDF-00C3A9A7E4C5}" "pv"
+    ${If} $0 != ""
+        Goto ok
+    ${EndIf}
+
+    ${If} ${REQUEST_EXECUTION_LEVEL} == "user"
+        # If the installer is run in user level, check the user specific key exists and is not empty then webview2 is already installed
+	    ReadRegStr $0 HKCU "Software\Microsoft\EdgeUpdate\Clients\{F3017226-FE2A-4295-8BDF-00C3A9A7E4C5}" "pv"
+        ${If} $0 != ""
+            Goto ok
+        ${EndIf}
+     ${EndIf}
+    
+	SetDetailsPrint both
+    DetailPrint "${WAILS_INSTALL_WEBVIEW_DETAILPRINT}"
+    SetDetailsPrint listonly
+    
+    InitPluginsDir
+    CreateDirectory "$pluginsdir\webview2bootstrapper"
+    SetOutPath "$pluginsdir\webview2bootstrapper"
+    File "MicrosoftEdgeWebview2Setup.exe"
+    ExecWait '"$pluginsdir\webview2bootstrapper\MicrosoftEdgeWebview2Setup.exe" /silent /install'
+    
+    SetDetailsPrint both
+    ok:
+!macroend
+
+# Copy of APP_ASSOCIATE and APP_UNASSOCIATE macros from here https://gist.github.com/nikku/281d0ef126dbc215dd58bfd5b3a5cd5b
+!macro APP_ASSOCIATE EXT FILECLASS DESCRIPTION ICON COMMANDTEXT COMMAND
+  ; Backup the previously associated file class
+  ReadRegStr $R0 SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\.${EXT}" ""
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\.${EXT}" "${FILECLASS}_backup" "$R0"
+
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\.${EXT}" "" "${FILECLASS}"
+
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${FILECLASS}" "" `${DESCRIPTION}`
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${FILECLASS}\DefaultIcon" "" `${ICON}`
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${FILECLASS}\shell" "" "open"
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${FILECLASS}\shell\open" "" `${COMMANDTEXT}`
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${FILECLASS}\shell\open\command" "" `${COMMAND}`
+!macroend
+
+!macro APP_UNASSOCIATE EXT FILECLASS
+  ; Backup the previously associated file class
+  ReadRegStr $R0 SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\.${EXT}" `${FILECLASS}_backup`
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\.${EXT}" "" "$R0"
+
+  DeleteRegKey SHELL_CONTEXT `Software\Classes\${FILECLASS}`
+!macroend
+
+!macro wails.associateFiles
+    ; Create file associations
+    
+!macroend
+
+!macro wails.unassociateFiles
+    ; Delete app associations
+    
+!macroend
+
+!macro CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_ASSOCIATE PROTOCOL DESCRIPTION ICON COMMAND
+  DeleteRegKey SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${PROTOCOL}"
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${PROTOCOL}" "" "${DESCRIPTION}"
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${PROTOCOL}" "URL Protocol" ""
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${PROTOCOL}\DefaultIcon" "" "${ICON}"
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${PROTOCOL}\shell" "" ""
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${PROTOCOL}\shell\open" "" ""
+  WriteRegStr SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${PROTOCOL}\shell\open\command" "" "${COMMAND}"
+!macroend
+
+!macro CUSTOM_PROTOCOL_UNASSOCIATE PROTOCOL
+  DeleteRegKey SHELL_CONTEXT "Software\Classes\${PROTOCOL}"
+!macroend
+
+!macro wails.associateCustomProtocols
+    ; Create custom protocols associations
+    
+!macroend
+
+!macro wails.unassociateCustomProtocols
+    ; Delete app custom protocol associations
+    
+!macroend
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/ui/build/windows/wails.exe.manifest b/client/ui/build/windows/wails.exe.manifest
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8b7b8e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/build/windows/wails.exe.manifest
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<assembly manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+    <assemblyIdentity type="win32" name="io.netbird.client" version="0.0.1.0" processorArchitecture="*"/>
+    <dependency>
+        <dependentAssembly>
+            <assemblyIdentity type="win32" name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls" version="6.0.0.0" processorArchitecture="*" publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df" language="*"/>
+        </dependentAssembly>
+    </dependency>
+    <asmv3:application>
+        <asmv3:windowsSettings>
+            <dpiAware xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">true/pm</dpiAware> <!-- fallback for Windows 7 and 8 -->
+            <dpiAwareness xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2016/WindowsSettings">permonitorv2,permonitor</dpiAwareness> <!-- falls back to per-monitor if per-monitor v2 is not supported -->
+        </asmv3:windowsSettings>
+    </asmv3:application>
+    <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+        <security>
+            <requestedPrivileges>
+                <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false"/>
+            </requestedPrivileges>
+        </security>
+    </trustInfo>
+</assembly>
diff --git a/client/ui/client_ui.go b/client/ui/client_ui.go
deleted file mode 100644
index c149b2152..000000000
--- a/client/ui/client_ui.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1830 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !(linux && 386)
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	_ "embed"
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/url"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"os/user"
-	"path"
-	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-	"unicode"
-
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/app"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/canvas"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/container"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/dialog"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/layout"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/theme"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/widget"
-	"fyne.io/systray"
-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/sleep"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/desktop"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/event"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/process"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
-)
-
-const (
-	defaultFailTimeout = 3 * time.Second
-	failFastTimeout    = time.Second
-)
-
-const (
-	censoredPreSharedKey = "**********"
-	maxSSHJWTCacheTTL    = 86_400 // 24 hours in seconds
-)
-
-func main() {
-	flags := parseFlags()
-
-	// Initialize file logging if needed.
-	var logFile string
-	if flags.saveLogsInFile {
-		file, err := initLogFile()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("error while initializing log: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-		logFile = file
-	} else {
-		_ = util.InitLog("trace", util.LogConsole)
-	}
-
-	// Create the Fyne application.
-	a := app.NewWithID("NetBird")
-	a.SetIcon(fyne.NewStaticResource("netbird", iconDisconnected))
-
-	// Show error message window if needed.
-	if flags.errorMsg != "" {
-		showErrorMessage(flags.errorMsg)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Create the service client (this also builds the settings or networks UI if requested).
-	client := newServiceClient(&newServiceClientArgs{
-		addr:              flags.daemonAddr,
-		logFile:           logFile,
-		app:               a,
-		showSettings:      flags.showSettings,
-		showNetworks:      flags.showNetworks,
-		showLoginURL:      flags.showLoginURL,
-		showDebug:         flags.showDebug,
-		showProfiles:      flags.showProfiles,
-		showQuickActions:  flags.showQuickActions,
-		showUpdate:        flags.showUpdate,
-		showUpdateVersion: flags.showUpdateVersion,
-	})
-
-	// Watch for theme/settings changes to update the icon.
-	go watchSettingsChanges(a, client)
-
-	// Run in window mode if any UI flag was set.
-	if flags.showSettings || flags.showNetworks || flags.showDebug || flags.showLoginURL || flags.showProfiles || flags.showQuickActions || flags.showUpdate {
-		a.Run()
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Check for another running process.
-	pid, running, err := process.IsAnotherProcessRunning()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("error while checking process: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-	if running {
-		log.Infof("another process is running with pid %d, sending signal to show window", pid)
-		if err := sendShowWindowSignal(pid); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("send signal to running instance: %v", err)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	client.setupSignalHandler(client.ctx)
-
-	client.setDefaultFonts()
-	systray.Run(client.onTrayReady, client.onTrayExit)
-}
-
-type cliFlags struct {
-	daemonAddr        string
-	showSettings      bool
-	showNetworks      bool
-	showProfiles      bool
-	showDebug         bool
-	showLoginURL      bool
-	showQuickActions  bool
-	errorMsg          string
-	saveLogsInFile    bool
-	showUpdate        bool
-	showUpdateVersion string
-}
-
-// parseFlags reads and returns all needed command-line flags.
-func parseFlags() *cliFlags {
-	var flags cliFlags
-
-	defaultDaemonAddr := "unix:///var/run/netbird.sock"
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		defaultDaemonAddr = "tcp://127.0.0.1:41731"
-	}
-	flag.StringVar(&flags.daemonAddr, "daemon-addr", defaultDaemonAddr, "Daemon service address to serve CLI requests [unix|tcp]://[path|host:port]")
-	flag.BoolVar(&flags.showSettings, "settings", false, "run settings window")
-	flag.BoolVar(&flags.showNetworks, "networks", false, "run networks window")
-	flag.BoolVar(&flags.showProfiles, "profiles", false, "run profiles window")
-	flag.BoolVar(&flags.showDebug, "debug", false, "run debug window")
-	flag.BoolVar(&flags.showQuickActions, "quick-actions", false, "run quick actions window")
-	flag.StringVar(&flags.errorMsg, "error-msg", "", "displays an error message window")
-	flag.BoolVar(&flags.saveLogsInFile, "use-log-file", false, fmt.Sprintf("save logs in a file: %s/netbird-ui-PID.log", os.TempDir()))
-	flag.BoolVar(&flags.showLoginURL, "login-url", false, "show login URL in a popup window")
-	flag.BoolVar(&flags.showUpdate, "update", false, "show update progress window")
-	flag.StringVar(&flags.showUpdateVersion, "update-version", "", "version to update to")
-	flag.Parse()
-	return &flags
-}
-
-// initLogFile initializes logging into a file.
-func initLogFile() (string, error) {
-	logFile := path.Join(os.TempDir(), fmt.Sprintf("netbird-ui-%d.log", os.Getpid()))
-	return logFile, util.InitLog("trace", logFile)
-}
-
-// watchSettingsChanges listens for Fyne theme/settings changes and updates the client icon.
-func watchSettingsChanges(a fyne.App, client *serviceClient) {
-	a.Settings().AddListener(func(settings fyne.Settings) {
-		client.updateIcon()
-	})
-}
-
-// showErrorMessage displays an error message in a simple window.
-func showErrorMessage(msg string) {
-	a := app.New()
-	w := a.NewWindow("NetBird Error")
-	label := widget.NewLabel(msg)
-	label.Wrapping = fyne.TextWrapWord
-	w.SetContent(label)
-	w.Resize(fyne.NewSize(400, 100))
-	w.Show()
-	a.Run()
-}
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connected-macos.png
-var iconConnectedMacOS []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-disconnected-macos.png
-var iconDisconnectedMacOS []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected-macos.png
-var iconUpdateDisconnectedMacOS []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected-macos.png
-var iconUpdateConnectedMacOS []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connecting-macos.png
-var iconConnectingMacOS []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-error-macos.png
-var iconErrorMacOS []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/connected.png
-var iconConnectedDot []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/disconnected.png
-var iconDisconnectedDot []byte
-
-type serviceClient struct {
-	ctx      context.Context
-	cancel   context.CancelFunc
-	addr     string
-	conn     proto.DaemonServiceClient
-	connLock sync.Mutex
-
-	eventHandler *eventHandler
-
-	profileManager *profilemanager.ProfileManager
-
-	icAbout              []byte
-	icConnected          []byte
-	icConnectedDot       []byte
-	icDisconnected       []byte
-	icDisconnectedDot    []byte
-	icUpdateConnected    []byte
-	icUpdateDisconnected []byte
-	icConnecting         []byte
-	icError              []byte
-
-	// systray menu items
-	mStatus            *systray.MenuItem
-	mUp                *systray.MenuItem
-	mDown              *systray.MenuItem
-	mSettings          *systray.MenuItem
-	mProfile           *profileMenu
-	mAbout             *systray.MenuItem
-	mGitHub            *systray.MenuItem
-	mVersionUI         *systray.MenuItem
-	mVersionDaemon     *systray.MenuItem
-	mUpdate            *systray.MenuItem
-	mQuit              *systray.MenuItem
-	mNetworks          *systray.MenuItem
-	mAllowSSH          *systray.MenuItem
-	mAutoConnect       *systray.MenuItem
-	mEnableRosenpass   *systray.MenuItem
-	mLazyConnEnabled   *systray.MenuItem
-	mBlockInbound      *systray.MenuItem
-	mNotifications     *systray.MenuItem
-	mAdvancedSettings  *systray.MenuItem
-	mCreateDebugBundle *systray.MenuItem
-	mExitNode          *systray.MenuItem
-
-	// application with main windows.
-	app                  fyne.App
-	wSettings            fyne.Window
-	showAdvancedSettings bool
-	sendNotification     bool
-
-	// input elements for settings form
-	iMngURL        *widget.Entry
-	iLogFile       *widget.Entry
-	iPreSharedKey  *widget.Entry
-	iInterfaceName *widget.Entry
-	iInterfacePort *widget.Entry
-	iMTU           *widget.Entry
-
-	// switch elements for settings form
-	sRosenpassPermissive        *widget.Check
-	sNetworkMonitor             *widget.Check
-	sDisableDNS                 *widget.Check
-	sDisableClientRoutes        *widget.Check
-	sDisableServerRoutes        *widget.Check
-	sBlockLANAccess             *widget.Check
-	sEnableSSHRoot              *widget.Check
-	sEnableSSHSFTP              *widget.Check
-	sEnableSSHLocalPortForward  *widget.Check
-	sEnableSSHRemotePortForward *widget.Check
-	sDisableSSHAuth             *widget.Check
-	iSSHJWTCacheTTL             *widget.Entry
-
-	// observable settings over corresponding iMngURL and iPreSharedKey values.
-	managementURL string
-	preSharedKey  string
-
-	RosenpassPermissive        bool
-	interfaceName              string
-	interfacePort              int
-	mtu                        uint16
-	networkMonitor             bool
-	disableDNS                 bool
-	disableClientRoutes        bool
-	disableServerRoutes        bool
-	blockLANAccess             bool
-	enableSSHRoot              bool
-	enableSSHSFTP              bool
-	enableSSHLocalPortForward  bool
-	enableSSHRemotePortForward bool
-	disableSSHAuth             bool
-	sshJWTCacheTTL             int
-
-	connected            bool
-	daemonVersion        string
-	updateIndicationLock sync.Mutex
-	isUpdateIconActive   bool
-	isEnforcedUpdate     bool
-	lastNotifiedVersion  string
-	settingsEnabled      bool
-	profilesEnabled      bool
-	networksEnabled      bool
-	showNetworks         bool
-	wNetworks            fyne.Window
-	wProfiles            fyne.Window
-	wQuickActions        fyne.Window
-
-	eventManager *event.Manager
-
-	exitNodeMu           sync.Mutex
-	mExitNodeItems       []menuHandler
-	exitNodeRetryCancel  context.CancelFunc
-	mExitNodeSeparator   *systray.MenuItem
-	mExitNodeDeselectAll *systray.MenuItem
-	logFile              string
-	wLoginURL            fyne.Window
-	wUpdateProgress      fyne.Window
-	updateContextCancel  context.CancelFunc
-
-	connectCancel context.CancelFunc
-}
-
-type menuHandler struct {
-	*systray.MenuItem
-	cancel context.CancelFunc
-}
-
-type newServiceClientArgs struct {
-	addr              string
-	logFile           string
-	app               fyne.App
-	showSettings      bool
-	showNetworks      bool
-	showDebug         bool
-	showLoginURL      bool
-	showProfiles      bool
-	showQuickActions  bool
-	showUpdate        bool
-	showUpdateVersion string
-}
-
-// newServiceClient instance constructor
-//
-// This constructor also builds the UI elements for the settings window.
-func newServiceClient(args *newServiceClientArgs) *serviceClient {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	s := &serviceClient{
-		ctx:              ctx,
-		cancel:           cancel,
-		addr:             args.addr,
-		app:              args.app,
-		logFile:          args.logFile,
-		sendNotification: false,
-
-		showAdvancedSettings: args.showSettings,
-		showNetworks:         args.showNetworks,
-		networksEnabled:      true,
-	}
-
-	s.eventHandler = newEventHandler(s)
-	s.profileManager = profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
-	s.setNewIcons()
-
-	switch {
-	case args.showSettings:
-		s.showSettingsUI()
-	case args.showNetworks:
-		s.showNetworksUI()
-	case args.showLoginURL:
-		s.showLoginURL()
-	case args.showDebug:
-		s.showDebugUI()
-	case args.showProfiles:
-		s.showProfilesUI()
-	case args.showQuickActions:
-		s.showQuickActionsUI()
-	case args.showUpdate:
-		s.showUpdateProgress(ctx, args.showUpdateVersion)
-	}
-
-	return s
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) setNewIcons() {
-	s.icAbout = iconAbout
-	s.icConnectedDot = iconConnectedDot
-	s.icDisconnectedDot = iconDisconnectedDot
-	if s.app.Settings().ThemeVariant() == theme.VariantDark {
-		s.icConnected = iconConnectedDark
-		s.icDisconnected = iconDisconnected
-		s.icUpdateConnected = iconUpdateConnectedDark
-		s.icUpdateDisconnected = iconUpdateDisconnectedDark
-		s.icConnecting = iconConnectingDark
-		s.icError = iconErrorDark
-	} else {
-		s.icConnected = iconConnected
-		s.icDisconnected = iconDisconnected
-		s.icUpdateConnected = iconUpdateConnected
-		s.icUpdateDisconnected = iconUpdateDisconnected
-		s.icConnecting = iconConnecting
-		s.icError = iconError
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) updateIcon() {
-	s.setNewIcons()
-	s.updateIndicationLock.Lock()
-	if s.connected {
-		if s.isUpdateIconActive {
-			systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconUpdateConnectedMacOS, s.icUpdateConnected)
-		} else {
-			systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconConnectedMacOS, s.icConnected)
-		}
-	} else {
-		if s.isUpdateIconActive {
-			systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconUpdateDisconnectedMacOS, s.icUpdateDisconnected)
-		} else {
-			systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconDisconnectedMacOS, s.icDisconnected)
-		}
-	}
-	s.updateIndicationLock.Unlock()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) showSettingsUI() {
-	// Check if update settings are disabled by daemon
-	features, err := s.getFeatures()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get features from daemon: %v", err)
-		// Continue with default behavior if features can't be retrieved
-	} else if features != nil && features.DisableUpdateSettings {
-		log.Warn("Update settings are disabled by daemon")
-		return
-	}
-
-	// add settings window UI elements.
-	s.wSettings = s.app.NewWindow("NetBird Settings")
-	s.wSettings.SetOnClosed(s.cancel)
-
-	s.iMngURL = widget.NewEntry()
-
-	s.iLogFile = widget.NewEntry()
-	s.iLogFile.Disable()
-	s.iPreSharedKey = widget.NewPasswordEntry()
-	s.iInterfaceName = widget.NewEntry()
-	s.iInterfacePort = widget.NewEntry()
-	s.iMTU = widget.NewEntry()
-
-	s.sRosenpassPermissive = widget.NewCheck("Enable Rosenpass permissive mode", nil)
-
-	s.sNetworkMonitor = widget.NewCheck("Restarts NetBird when the network changes", nil)
-	s.sDisableDNS = widget.NewCheck("Keeps system DNS settings unchanged", nil)
-	s.sDisableClientRoutes = widget.NewCheck("This peer won't route traffic to other peers", nil)
-	s.sDisableServerRoutes = widget.NewCheck("This peer won't act as router for others", nil)
-	s.sBlockLANAccess = widget.NewCheck("Blocks local network access when used as exit node", nil)
-	s.sEnableSSHRoot = widget.NewCheck("Enable SSH Root Login", nil)
-	s.sEnableSSHSFTP = widget.NewCheck("Enable SSH SFTP", nil)
-	s.sEnableSSHLocalPortForward = widget.NewCheck("Enable SSH Local Port Forwarding", nil)
-	s.sEnableSSHRemotePortForward = widget.NewCheck("Enable SSH Remote Port Forwarding", nil)
-	s.sDisableSSHAuth = widget.NewCheck("Disable SSH Authentication", nil)
-	s.iSSHJWTCacheTTL = widget.NewEntry()
-
-	s.wSettings.SetContent(s.getSettingsForm())
-	s.wSettings.Resize(fyne.NewSize(600, 400))
-	s.wSettings.SetFixedSize(true)
-
-	s.getSrvConfig()
-	s.wSettings.Show()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getConnectionForm() *widget.Form {
-	var activeProfName string
-	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
-	} else {
-		activeProfName = activeProf.Name
-	}
-	return &widget.Form{
-		Items: []*widget.FormItem{
-			{Text: "Profile", Widget: widget.NewLabel(activeProfName)},
-			{Text: "Management URL", Widget: s.iMngURL},
-			{Text: "Pre-shared Key", Widget: s.iPreSharedKey},
-			{Text: "Quantum-Resistance", Widget: s.sRosenpassPermissive},
-			{Text: "Interface Name", Widget: s.iInterfaceName},
-			{Text: "Interface Port", Widget: s.iInterfacePort},
-			{Text: "MTU", Widget: s.iMTU},
-			{Text: "Log File", Widget: s.iLogFile},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) saveSettings() {
-	// Check if update settings are disabled by daemon
-	features, err := s.getFeatures()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get features from daemon: %v", err)
-		// Continue with default behavior if features can't be retrieved
-	} else if features != nil && features.DisableUpdateSettings {
-		log.Warn("Configuration updates are disabled by daemon")
-		dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("configuration updates are disabled by daemon"), s.wSettings)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := s.validateSettings(); err != nil {
-		dialog.ShowError(err, s.wSettings)
-		return
-	}
-
-	port, mtu, err := s.parseNumericSettings()
-	if err != nil {
-		dialog.ShowError(err, s.wSettings)
-		return
-	}
-
-	iMngURL := strings.TrimSpace(s.iMngURL.Text)
-
-	if s.hasSettingsChanged(iMngURL, port, mtu) {
-		if err := s.applySettingsChanges(iMngURL, port, mtu); err != nil {
-			dialog.ShowError(err, s.wSettings)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	s.wSettings.Close()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) validateSettings() error {
-	if s.iPreSharedKey.Text != "" && s.iPreSharedKey.Text != censoredPreSharedKey {
-		if _, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(s.iPreSharedKey.Text); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("invalid pre-shared key value")
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) parseNumericSettings() (int64, int64, error) {
-	port, err := strconv.ParseInt(s.iInterfacePort.Text, 10, 64)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, errors.New("invalid interface port")
-	}
-	if port < 1 || port > 65535 {
-		return 0, 0, errors.New("invalid interface port: out of range 1-65535")
-	}
-
-	var mtu int64
-	mtuText := strings.TrimSpace(s.iMTU.Text)
-	if mtuText != "" {
-		mtu, err = strconv.ParseInt(mtuText, 10, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, 0, errors.New("invalid MTU value")
-		}
-		if mtu < iface.MinMTU || mtu > iface.MaxMTU {
-			return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("MTU must be between %d and %d bytes", iface.MinMTU, iface.MaxMTU)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return port, mtu, nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) hasSettingsChanged(iMngURL string, port, mtu int64) bool {
-	return s.managementURL != iMngURL ||
-		s.preSharedKey != s.iPreSharedKey.Text ||
-		s.RosenpassPermissive != s.sRosenpassPermissive.Checked ||
-		s.interfaceName != s.iInterfaceName.Text ||
-		s.interfacePort != int(port) ||
-		s.mtu != uint16(mtu) ||
-		s.networkMonitor != s.sNetworkMonitor.Checked ||
-		s.disableDNS != s.sDisableDNS.Checked ||
-		s.disableClientRoutes != s.sDisableClientRoutes.Checked ||
-		s.disableServerRoutes != s.sDisableServerRoutes.Checked ||
-		s.blockLANAccess != s.sBlockLANAccess.Checked ||
-		s.hasSSHChanges()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) applySettingsChanges(iMngURL string, port, mtu int64) error {
-	s.managementURL = iMngURL
-	s.preSharedKey = s.iPreSharedKey.Text
-	s.mtu = uint16(mtu)
-
-	req, err := s.buildSetConfigRequest(iMngURL, port, mtu)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("build config request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := s.sendConfigUpdate(req); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set configuration: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) buildSetConfigRequest(iMngURL string, port, mtu int64) (*proto.SetConfigRequest, error) {
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	req := &proto.SetConfigRequest{
-		ProfileName: activeProf.Name,
-		Username:    currUser.Username,
-	}
-
-	if iMngURL != "" {
-		req.ManagementUrl = iMngURL
-	}
-
-	req.RosenpassPermissive = &s.sRosenpassPermissive.Checked
-	req.InterfaceName = &s.iInterfaceName.Text
-	req.WireguardPort = &port
-	if mtu > 0 {
-		req.Mtu = &mtu
-	}
-
-	req.NetworkMonitor = &s.sNetworkMonitor.Checked
-	req.DisableDns = &s.sDisableDNS.Checked
-	req.DisableClientRoutes = &s.sDisableClientRoutes.Checked
-	req.DisableServerRoutes = &s.sDisableServerRoutes.Checked
-	req.BlockLanAccess = &s.sBlockLANAccess.Checked
-
-	req.EnableSSHRoot = &s.sEnableSSHRoot.Checked
-	req.EnableSSHSFTP = &s.sEnableSSHSFTP.Checked
-	req.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding = &s.sEnableSSHLocalPortForward.Checked
-	req.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding = &s.sEnableSSHRemotePortForward.Checked
-	req.DisableSSHAuth = &s.sDisableSSHAuth.Checked
-
-	sshJWTCacheTTLText := strings.TrimSpace(s.iSSHJWTCacheTTL.Text)
-	if sshJWTCacheTTLText != "" {
-		sshJWTCacheTTL, err := strconv.ParseInt(sshJWTCacheTTLText, 10, 32)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.New("invalid SSH JWT Cache TTL value")
-		}
-		if sshJWTCacheTTL < 0 || sshJWTCacheTTL > maxSSHJWTCacheTTL {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("SSH JWT Cache TTL must be between 0 and %d seconds", maxSSHJWTCacheTTL)
-		}
-		sshJWTCacheTTL32 := int32(sshJWTCacheTTL)
-		req.SshJWTCacheTTL = &sshJWTCacheTTL32
-	}
-
-	if s.iPreSharedKey.Text != censoredPreSharedKey {
-		req.OptionalPreSharedKey = &s.iPreSharedKey.Text
-	}
-
-	return req, nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) sendConfigUpdate(req *proto.SetConfigRequest) error {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(failFastTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get client: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = conn.SetConfig(s.ctx, req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("set config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Reconnect if connected to apply the new settings
-	go func() {
-		status, err := conn.Status(s.ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("get service status: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-		if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
-			// run down & up
-			_, err = conn.Down(s.ctx, &proto.DownRequest{})
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("down service: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			_, err = conn.Up(s.ctx, &proto.UpRequest{})
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("up service: %v", err)
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getSettingsForm() fyne.CanvasObject {
-	connectionForm := s.getConnectionForm()
-	networkForm := s.getNetworkForm()
-	sshForm := s.getSSHForm()
-	tabs := container.NewAppTabs(
-		container.NewTabItem("Connection", connectionForm),
-		container.NewTabItem("Network", networkForm),
-		container.NewTabItem("SSH", sshForm),
-	)
-	saveButton := widget.NewButtonWithIcon("Save", theme.ConfirmIcon(), s.saveSettings)
-	saveButton.Importance = widget.HighImportance
-	cancelButton := widget.NewButtonWithIcon("Cancel", theme.CancelIcon(), func() {
-		s.wSettings.Close()
-	})
-	buttonContainer := container.NewHBox(
-		layout.NewSpacer(),
-		cancelButton,
-		saveButton,
-	)
-	return container.NewBorder(nil, buttonContainer, nil, nil, tabs)
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getNetworkForm() *widget.Form {
-	return &widget.Form{
-		Items: []*widget.FormItem{
-			{Text: "Network Monitor", Widget: s.sNetworkMonitor},
-			{Text: "Disable DNS", Widget: s.sDisableDNS},
-			{Text: "Disable Client Routes", Widget: s.sDisableClientRoutes},
-			{Text: "Disable Server Routes", Widget: s.sDisableServerRoutes},
-			{Text: "Disable LAN Access", Widget: s.sBlockLANAccess},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getSSHForm() *widget.Form {
-	return &widget.Form{
-		Items: []*widget.FormItem{
-			{Text: "Enable SSH Root Login", Widget: s.sEnableSSHRoot},
-			{Text: "Enable SSH SFTP", Widget: s.sEnableSSHSFTP},
-			{Text: "Enable SSH Local Port Forwarding", Widget: s.sEnableSSHLocalPortForward},
-			{Text: "Enable SSH Remote Port Forwarding", Widget: s.sEnableSSHRemotePortForward},
-			{Text: "Disable SSH Authentication", Widget: s.sDisableSSHAuth},
-			{Text: "JWT Cache TTL (seconds, 0=disabled)", Widget: s.iSSHJWTCacheTTL},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) hasSSHChanges() bool {
-	currentSSHJWTCacheTTL := s.sshJWTCacheTTL
-	if text := strings.TrimSpace(s.iSSHJWTCacheTTL.Text); text != "" {
-		val, err := strconv.Atoi(text)
-		if err != nil {
-			return true
-		}
-		currentSSHJWTCacheTTL = val
-	}
-
-	return s.enableSSHRoot != s.sEnableSSHRoot.Checked ||
-		s.enableSSHSFTP != s.sEnableSSHSFTP.Checked ||
-		s.enableSSHLocalPortForward != s.sEnableSSHLocalPortForward.Checked ||
-		s.enableSSHRemotePortForward != s.sEnableSSHRemotePortForward.Checked ||
-		s.disableSSHAuth != s.sDisableSSHAuth.Checked ||
-		s.sshJWTCacheTTL != currentSSHJWTCacheTTL
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) login(ctx context.Context, openURL bool) (*proto.LoginResponse, error) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get daemon client: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	loginReq := &proto.LoginRequest{
-		IsUnixDesktopClient: runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "freebsd",
-		ProfileName:         &activeProf.Name,
-		Username:            &currUser.Username,
-	}
-
-	profileState, err := s.profileManager.GetProfileState(activeProf.Name)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to get profile state for login hint: %v", err)
-	} else if profileState.Email != "" {
-		loginReq.Hint = &profileState.Email
-	}
-
-	loginResp, err := conn.Login(ctx, loginReq)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("login to management: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if loginResp.NeedsSSOLogin && openURL {
-		if err = s.handleSSOLogin(ctx, loginResp, conn); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("SSO login: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return loginResp, nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) handleSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, loginResp *proto.LoginResponse, conn proto.DaemonServiceClient) error {
-	if err := openURL(loginResp.VerificationURIComplete); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("open browser: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := conn.WaitSSOLogin(ctx, &proto.WaitSSOLoginRequest{UserCode: loginResp.UserCode})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("wait for SSO login: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if resp.Email != "" {
-		if err := s.profileManager.SetActiveProfileState(&profilemanager.ProfileState{
-			Email: resp.Email,
-		}); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("failed to set profile state: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			s.mProfile.refresh()
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) menuUpClick(ctx context.Context) error {
-	systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconConnectingMacOS, s.icConnecting)
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconErrorMacOS, s.icError)
-		return fmt.Errorf("get daemon client: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = s.login(ctx, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("login: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	status, err := conn.Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get status: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if _, err := s.conn.Up(s.ctx, &proto.UpRequest{}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("start connection: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) menuDownClick() error {
-	systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconConnectingMacOS, s.icConnecting)
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get daemon client: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	status, err := conn.Status(s.ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get status: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if status.Status != string(internal.StatusConnected) && status.Status != string(internal.StatusConnecting) {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if _, err := conn.Down(s.ctx, &proto.DownRequest{}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("stop connection: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) updateStatus() error {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = backoff.Retry(func() error {
-		status, err := conn.Status(s.ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("get service status: %v", err)
-			if s.connected {
-				s.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Connection to service lost"))
-			}
-			s.setDisconnectedStatus()
-			return err
-		}
-
-		s.updateIndicationLock.Lock()
-		defer s.updateIndicationLock.Unlock()
-
-		// notify the user when the session has expired
-		if status.Status == string(internal.StatusSessionExpired) {
-			s.onSessionExpire()
-		}
-
-		var systrayIconState bool
-
-		switch {
-		case status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) && !s.connected:
-			s.connected = true
-			s.sendNotification = true
-			if s.isUpdateIconActive {
-				systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconUpdateConnectedMacOS, s.icUpdateConnected)
-			} else {
-				systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconConnectedMacOS, s.icConnected)
-			}
-			systray.SetTooltip("NetBird (Connected)")
-			s.mStatus.SetTitle("Connected")
-			s.mStatus.SetIcon(s.icConnectedDot)
-			s.mUp.Disable()
-			s.mDown.Enable()
-			if s.networksEnabled {
-				s.mNetworks.Enable()
-				s.mExitNode.Enable()
-			}
-			s.startExitNodeRefresh()
-			systrayIconState = true
-		case status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnecting):
-			s.setConnectingStatus()
-		case status.Status != string(internal.StatusConnected) && s.mUp.Disabled():
-			s.setDisconnectedStatus()
-			systrayIconState = false
-		}
-
-		// if the daemon version changed (e.g. after a successful update), reset the update indication
-		if s.daemonVersion != status.DaemonVersion {
-			if s.daemonVersion != "" {
-				s.mUpdate.Hide()
-				s.isUpdateIconActive = false
-			}
-			s.daemonVersion = status.DaemonVersion
-			if !s.isUpdateIconActive {
-				if systrayIconState {
-					systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconConnectedMacOS, s.icConnected)
-				} else {
-					systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconDisconnectedMacOS, s.icDisconnected)
-				}
-			}
-
-			daemonVersionTitle := normalizedVersion(s.daemonVersion)
-			s.mVersionDaemon.SetTitle(fmt.Sprintf("Daemon: %s", daemonVersionTitle))
-			s.mVersionDaemon.SetTooltip(fmt.Sprintf("Daemon version: %s", daemonVersionTitle))
-			s.mVersionDaemon.Show()
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	}, &backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
-		InitialInterval:     time.Second,
-		RandomizationFactor: backoff.DefaultRandomizationFactor,
-		Multiplier:          backoff.DefaultMultiplier,
-		MaxInterval:         300 * time.Millisecond,
-		MaxElapsedTime:      2 * time.Second,
-		Stop:                backoff.Stop,
-		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) setDisconnectedStatus() {
-	s.connected = false
-	if s.isUpdateIconActive {
-		systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconUpdateDisconnectedMacOS, s.icUpdateDisconnected)
-	} else {
-		systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconDisconnectedMacOS, s.icDisconnected)
-	}
-	systray.SetTooltip("NetBird (Disconnected)")
-	s.mStatus.SetTitle("Disconnected")
-	s.mStatus.SetIcon(s.icDisconnectedDot)
-	s.mDown.Disable()
-	s.mUp.Enable()
-	s.mNetworks.Disable()
-	s.mExitNode.Disable()
-	s.cancelExitNodeRetry()
-	go s.updateExitNodes()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) setConnectingStatus() {
-	s.connected = false
-	systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconConnectingMacOS, s.icConnecting)
-	systray.SetTooltip("NetBird (Connecting)")
-	s.mStatus.SetTitle("Connecting")
-	s.mUp.Disable()
-	s.mDown.Enable()
-	s.mNetworks.Disable()
-	s.mExitNode.Disable()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) onTrayReady() {
-	systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconDisconnectedMacOS, s.icDisconnected)
-	systray.SetTooltip("NetBird")
-
-	// setup systray menu items
-	s.mStatus = systray.AddMenuItem("Disconnected", "Disconnected")
-	s.mStatus.SetIcon(s.icDisconnectedDot)
-	s.mStatus.Disable()
-
-	profileMenuItem := systray.AddMenuItem("", "")
-	emailMenuItem := systray.AddMenuItem("", "")
-
-	newProfileMenuArgs := &newProfileMenuArgs{
-		ctx:                  s.ctx,
-		serviceClient:        s,
-		profileManager:       s.profileManager,
-		eventHandler:         s.eventHandler,
-		profileMenuItem:      profileMenuItem,
-		emailMenuItem:        emailMenuItem,
-		downClickCallback:    s.menuDownClick,
-		upClickCallback:      s.menuUpClick,
-		getSrvClientCallback: s.getSrvClient,
-		loadSettingsCallback: s.loadSettings,
-		app:                  s.app,
-	}
-
-	s.mProfile = newProfileMenu(*newProfileMenuArgs)
-
-	systray.AddSeparator()
-	s.mUp = systray.AddMenuItem("Connect", "Connect")
-	s.mDown = systray.AddMenuItem("Disconnect", "Disconnect")
-	s.mDown.Disable()
-	systray.AddSeparator()
-
-	s.mSettings = systray.AddMenuItem("Settings", disabledMenuDescr)
-	s.mAllowSSH = s.mSettings.AddSubMenuItemCheckbox("Allow SSH", allowSSHMenuDescr, false)
-	s.mAutoConnect = s.mSettings.AddSubMenuItemCheckbox("Connect on Startup", autoConnectMenuDescr, false)
-	s.mEnableRosenpass = s.mSettings.AddSubMenuItemCheckbox("Enable Quantum-Resistance", quantumResistanceMenuDescr, false)
-	s.mLazyConnEnabled = s.mSettings.AddSubMenuItemCheckbox("Enable Lazy Connections", lazyConnMenuDescr, false)
-	s.mBlockInbound = s.mSettings.AddSubMenuItemCheckbox("Block Inbound Connections", blockInboundMenuDescr, false)
-	s.mNotifications = s.mSettings.AddSubMenuItemCheckbox("Notifications", notificationsMenuDescr, false)
-	s.mSettings.AddSeparator()
-	s.mAdvancedSettings = s.mSettings.AddSubMenuItem("Advanced Settings", advancedSettingsMenuDescr)
-	s.mCreateDebugBundle = s.mSettings.AddSubMenuItem("Create Debug Bundle", debugBundleMenuDescr)
-	s.loadSettings()
-
-	// Disable settings menu if update settings are disabled by daemon
-	features, err := s.getFeatures()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get features from daemon: %v", err)
-		// Continue with default behavior if features can't be retrieved
-	} else {
-		if features != nil && features.DisableUpdateSettings {
-			s.setSettingsEnabled(false)
-		}
-		if features != nil && features.DisableProfiles {
-			s.mProfile.setEnabled(false)
-		}
-	}
-
-	s.exitNodeMu.Lock()
-	s.mExitNode = systray.AddMenuItem("Exit Node", disabledMenuDescr)
-	s.mExitNode.Disable()
-	s.exitNodeMu.Unlock()
-
-	s.mNetworks = systray.AddMenuItem("Networks", networksMenuDescr)
-	s.mNetworks.Disable()
-	systray.AddSeparator()
-
-	s.mAbout = systray.AddMenuItem("About", "About")
-	s.mAbout.SetIcon(s.icAbout)
-
-	s.mGitHub = s.mAbout.AddSubMenuItem("GitHub", "GitHub")
-
-	versionString := normalizedVersion(version.NetbirdVersion())
-	s.mVersionUI = s.mAbout.AddSubMenuItem(fmt.Sprintf("GUI: %s", versionString), fmt.Sprintf("GUI Version: %s", versionString))
-	s.mVersionUI.Disable()
-
-	s.mVersionDaemon = s.mAbout.AddSubMenuItem("", "")
-	s.mVersionDaemon.Disable()
-	s.mVersionDaemon.Hide()
-
-	s.mUpdate = s.mAbout.AddSubMenuItem("Download latest version", latestVersionMenuDescr)
-	s.mUpdate.Hide()
-
-	systray.AddSeparator()
-	s.mQuit = systray.AddMenuItem("Quit", quitMenuDescr)
-
-	// update exit node menu in case service is already connected
-	go s.updateExitNodes()
-
-	go func() {
-		s.getSrvConfig()
-		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) // To prevent race condition caused by systray not being fully initialized and ignoring setIcon
-		for {
-			// Check features before status so menus respect disable flags before being enabled
-			s.checkAndUpdateFeatures()
-
-			err := s.updateStatus()
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("error while updating status: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	s.eventManager = event.NewManager(s.app, s.addr)
-	s.eventManager.SetNotificationsEnabled(s.mNotifications.Checked())
-	s.eventManager.AddHandler(func(event *proto.SystemEvent) {
-		if event.Category == proto.SystemEvent_SYSTEM {
-			s.updateExitNodes()
-		}
-	})
-	s.eventManager.AddHandler(func(event *proto.SystemEvent) {
-		// todo use new Category
-		if windowAction, ok := event.Metadata["progress_window"]; ok {
-			targetVersion, ok := event.Metadata["version"]
-			if !ok {
-				targetVersion = "unknown"
-			}
-			log.Debugf("window action: %v", windowAction)
-			if windowAction == "show" {
-				if s.updateContextCancel != nil {
-					s.updateContextCancel()
-					s.updateContextCancel = nil
-				}
-
-				subCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.ctx)
-				go s.eventHandler.runSelfCommand(subCtx, "update", "--update-version", targetVersion)
-				s.updateContextCancel = cancel
-			}
-		}
-	})
-	s.eventManager.AddHandler(func(event *proto.SystemEvent) {
-		if newVersion, ok := event.Metadata["new_version_available"]; ok {
-			_, enforced := event.Metadata["enforced"]
-			log.Infof("received new_version_available event: version=%s enforced=%v", newVersion, enforced)
-			s.onUpdateAvailable(newVersion, enforced)
-		}
-	})
-
-	go s.eventManager.Start(s.ctx)
-	go s.eventHandler.listen(s.ctx)
-
-	// Start sleep detection listener
-	go s.startSleepListener()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) attachOutput(cmd *exec.Cmd) *os.File {
-	if s.logFile == "" {
-		// attach child's streams to parent's streams
-		cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-		cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	out, err := os.OpenFile(s.logFile, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to open log file %s: %v", s.logFile, err)
-		return nil
-	}
-	cmd.Stdout = out
-	cmd.Stderr = out
-	return out
-}
-
-func normalizedVersion(version string) string {
-	versionString := version
-	if unicode.IsDigit(rune(versionString[0])) {
-		versionString = fmt.Sprintf("v%s", versionString)
-	}
-	return versionString
-}
-
-// onTrayExit is called when the tray icon is closed.
-func (s *serviceClient) onTrayExit() {
-	s.cancel()
-}
-
-// getSrvClient connection to the service.
-func (s *serviceClient) getSrvClient(timeout time.Duration) (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error) {
-	s.connLock.Lock()
-	defer s.connLock.Unlock()
-	if s.conn != nil {
-		return s.conn, nil
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, timeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	conn, err := grpc.DialContext(
-		ctx,
-		strings.TrimPrefix(s.addr, "tcp://"),
-		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
-		grpc.WithBlock(),
-		grpc.WithUserAgent(desktop.GetUIUserAgent()),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial service: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	s.conn = proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn)
-	return s.conn, nil
-}
-
-// startSleepListener initializes the sleep detection service and listens for sleep events
-func (s *serviceClient) startSleepListener() {
-	sleepService, err := sleep.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("%v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := sleepService.Register(s.handleSleepEvents); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to start sleep detection: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Info("sleep detection service initialized")
-
-	// Cleanup on context cancellation
-	go func() {
-		<-s.ctx.Done()
-		log.Info("stopping sleep event listener")
-		if err := sleepService.Deregister(); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to deregister sleep detection: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-// handleSleepEvents sends a sleep notification to the daemon via gRPC
-func (s *serviceClient) handleSleepEvents(event sleep.EventType) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(0)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get daemon client for sleep notification: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	req := &proto.OSLifecycleRequest{}
-
-	switch event {
-	case sleep.EventTypeWakeUp:
-		log.Infof("handle wakeup event: %v", event)
-		req.Type = proto.OSLifecycleRequest_WAKEUP
-	case sleep.EventTypeSleep:
-		log.Infof("handle sleep event: %v", event)
-		req.Type = proto.OSLifecycleRequest_SLEEP
-	default:
-		log.Infof("unknown event: %v", event)
-		return
-	}
-
-	_, err = conn.NotifyOSLifecycle(s.ctx, req)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to notify daemon about os lifecycle notification: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Info("successfully notified daemon about os lifecycle")
-}
-
-// setSettingsEnabled enables or disables the settings menu based on the provided state
-func (s *serviceClient) setSettingsEnabled(enabled bool) {
-	if s.mSettings != nil {
-		if enabled {
-			s.mSettings.Enable()
-		} else {
-			s.mSettings.Hide()
-			s.mSettings.SetTooltip("Settings are disabled by daemon")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// checkAndUpdateFeatures checks the current features and updates the UI accordingly
-func (s *serviceClient) checkAndUpdateFeatures() {
-	features, err := s.getFeatures()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get features from daemon: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	s.updateIndicationLock.Lock()
-	defer s.updateIndicationLock.Unlock()
-
-	// Update settings menu based on current features
-	settingsEnabled := features == nil || !features.DisableUpdateSettings
-	if s.settingsEnabled != settingsEnabled {
-		s.settingsEnabled = settingsEnabled
-		s.setSettingsEnabled(settingsEnabled)
-	}
-
-	// Update profile menu based on current features
-	if s.mProfile != nil {
-		profilesEnabled := features == nil || !features.DisableProfiles
-		if s.profilesEnabled != profilesEnabled {
-			s.profilesEnabled = profilesEnabled
-			s.mProfile.setEnabled(profilesEnabled)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Update networks and exit node menus based on current features
-	s.networksEnabled = features == nil || !features.DisableNetworks
-	if s.networksEnabled && s.connected {
-		s.mNetworks.Enable()
-		s.mExitNode.Enable()
-	} else {
-		s.mNetworks.Disable()
-		s.mExitNode.Disable()
-	}
-}
-
-// getFeatures from the daemon to determine which features are enabled/disabled.
-func (s *serviceClient) getFeatures() (*proto.GetFeaturesResponse, error) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(failFastTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get client for features: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	features, err := conn.GetFeatures(s.ctx, &proto.GetFeaturesRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get features from daemon: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return features, nil
-}
-
-// getSrvConfig from the service to show it in the settings window.
-func (s *serviceClient) getSrvConfig() {
-	s.managementURL = profilemanager.DefaultManagementURL
-
-	_, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var cfg *profilemanager.Config
-
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(failFastTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get client: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	srvCfg, err := conn.GetConfig(s.ctx, &proto.GetConfigRequest{
-		ProfileName: activeProf.Name,
-		Username:    currUser.Username,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get config settings from server: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	cfg = protoConfigToConfig(srvCfg)
-
-	if cfg.ManagementURL.String() != "" {
-		s.managementURL = cfg.ManagementURL.String()
-	}
-	s.preSharedKey = cfg.PreSharedKey
-	s.RosenpassPermissive = cfg.RosenpassPermissive
-	s.interfaceName = cfg.WgIface
-	s.interfacePort = cfg.WgPort
-	s.mtu = cfg.MTU
-
-	s.networkMonitor = *cfg.NetworkMonitor
-	s.disableDNS = cfg.DisableDNS
-	s.disableClientRoutes = cfg.DisableClientRoutes
-	s.disableServerRoutes = cfg.DisableServerRoutes
-	s.blockLANAccess = cfg.BlockLANAccess
-
-	if cfg.EnableSSHRoot != nil {
-		s.enableSSHRoot = *cfg.EnableSSHRoot
-	}
-	if cfg.EnableSSHSFTP != nil {
-		s.enableSSHSFTP = *cfg.EnableSSHSFTP
-	}
-	if cfg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != nil {
-		s.enableSSHLocalPortForward = *cfg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding
-	}
-	if cfg.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil {
-		s.enableSSHRemotePortForward = *cfg.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding
-	}
-	if cfg.DisableSSHAuth != nil {
-		s.disableSSHAuth = *cfg.DisableSSHAuth
-	}
-	if cfg.SSHJWTCacheTTL != nil {
-		s.sshJWTCacheTTL = *cfg.SSHJWTCacheTTL
-	}
-
-	if s.showAdvancedSettings {
-		s.iMngURL.SetText(s.managementURL)
-		s.iPreSharedKey.SetText(cfg.PreSharedKey)
-		s.iInterfaceName.SetText(cfg.WgIface)
-		s.iInterfacePort.SetText(strconv.Itoa(cfg.WgPort))
-		if cfg.MTU != 0 {
-			s.iMTU.SetText(strconv.Itoa(int(cfg.MTU)))
-		} else {
-			s.iMTU.SetText("")
-			s.iMTU.SetPlaceHolder(strconv.Itoa(int(iface.DefaultMTU)))
-		}
-		s.sRosenpassPermissive.SetChecked(cfg.RosenpassPermissive)
-		if !cfg.RosenpassEnabled {
-			s.sRosenpassPermissive.Disable()
-		}
-		s.sNetworkMonitor.SetChecked(*cfg.NetworkMonitor)
-		s.sDisableDNS.SetChecked(cfg.DisableDNS)
-		s.sDisableClientRoutes.SetChecked(cfg.DisableClientRoutes)
-		s.sDisableServerRoutes.SetChecked(cfg.DisableServerRoutes)
-		s.sBlockLANAccess.SetChecked(cfg.BlockLANAccess)
-		if cfg.EnableSSHRoot != nil {
-			s.sEnableSSHRoot.SetChecked(*cfg.EnableSSHRoot)
-		}
-		if cfg.EnableSSHSFTP != nil {
-			s.sEnableSSHSFTP.SetChecked(*cfg.EnableSSHSFTP)
-		}
-		if cfg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding != nil {
-			s.sEnableSSHLocalPortForward.SetChecked(*cfg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding)
-		}
-		if cfg.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding != nil {
-			s.sEnableSSHRemotePortForward.SetChecked(*cfg.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding)
-		}
-		if cfg.DisableSSHAuth != nil {
-			s.sDisableSSHAuth.SetChecked(*cfg.DisableSSHAuth)
-		}
-		if cfg.SSHJWTCacheTTL != nil {
-			s.iSSHJWTCacheTTL.SetText(strconv.Itoa(*cfg.SSHJWTCacheTTL))
-		}
-	}
-
-	if s.mNotifications == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	if cfg.DisableNotifications != nil && *cfg.DisableNotifications {
-		s.mNotifications.Uncheck()
-	} else {
-		s.mNotifications.Check()
-	}
-	if s.eventManager != nil {
-		s.eventManager.SetNotificationsEnabled(s.mNotifications.Checked())
-	}
-}
-
-func protoConfigToConfig(cfg *proto.GetConfigResponse) *profilemanager.Config {
-
-	var config profilemanager.Config
-
-	if cfg.ManagementUrl != "" {
-		parsed, err := url.Parse(cfg.ManagementUrl)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("parse management URL: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			config.ManagementURL = parsed
-		}
-	}
-
-	if cfg.PreSharedKey != "" {
-		if cfg.PreSharedKey != censoredPreSharedKey {
-			config.PreSharedKey = cfg.PreSharedKey
-		} else {
-			config.PreSharedKey = ""
-		}
-	}
-	if cfg.AdminURL != "" {
-		parsed, err := url.Parse(cfg.AdminURL)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("parse admin URL: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			config.AdminURL = parsed
-		}
-	}
-
-	config.WgIface = cfg.InterfaceName
-	if cfg.WireguardPort != 0 {
-		config.WgPort = int(cfg.WireguardPort)
-	} else {
-		config.WgPort = iface.DefaultWgPort
-	}
-
-	if cfg.Mtu != 0 {
-		config.MTU = uint16(cfg.Mtu)
-	} else {
-		config.MTU = iface.DefaultMTU
-	}
-
-	config.DisableAutoConnect = cfg.DisableAutoConnect
-	config.ServerSSHAllowed = &cfg.ServerSSHAllowed
-	config.RosenpassEnabled = cfg.RosenpassEnabled
-	config.RosenpassPermissive = cfg.RosenpassPermissive
-	config.DisableNotifications = &cfg.DisableNotifications
-	config.LazyConnectionEnabled = cfg.LazyConnectionEnabled
-	config.BlockInbound = cfg.BlockInbound
-	config.NetworkMonitor = &cfg.NetworkMonitor
-	config.DisableDNS = cfg.DisableDns
-	config.DisableClientRoutes = cfg.DisableClientRoutes
-	config.DisableServerRoutes = cfg.DisableServerRoutes
-	config.BlockLANAccess = cfg.BlockLanAccess
-
-	config.EnableSSHRoot = &cfg.EnableSSHRoot
-	config.EnableSSHSFTP = &cfg.EnableSSHSFTP
-	config.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding = &cfg.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding
-	config.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding = &cfg.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding
-	config.DisableSSHAuth = &cfg.DisableSSHAuth
-
-	ttl := int(cfg.SshJWTCacheTTL)
-	config.SSHJWTCacheTTL = &ttl
-
-	return &config
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) onUpdateAvailable(newVersion string, enforced bool) {
-	s.updateIndicationLock.Lock()
-	defer s.updateIndicationLock.Unlock()
-
-	s.isEnforcedUpdate = enforced
-	if enforced {
-		s.mUpdate.SetTitle("Install version " + newVersion)
-	} else {
-		s.lastNotifiedVersion = ""
-		s.mUpdate.SetTitle("Download latest version")
-	}
-
-	s.mUpdate.Show()
-	s.isUpdateIconActive = true
-
-	if s.connected {
-		systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconUpdateConnectedMacOS, s.icUpdateConnected)
-	} else {
-		systray.SetTemplateIcon(iconUpdateDisconnectedMacOS, s.icUpdateDisconnected)
-	}
-
-	if enforced && s.lastNotifiedVersion != newVersion {
-		s.lastNotifiedVersion = newVersion
-		s.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Update available", "A new version "+newVersion+" is ready to install"))
-	}
-}
-
-// onSessionExpire sends a notification to the user when the session expires.
-func (s *serviceClient) onSessionExpire() {
-	s.sendNotification = true
-	if s.sendNotification {
-		go s.eventHandler.runSelfCommand(s.ctx, "login-url", "true")
-		s.sendNotification = false
-	}
-}
-
-// loadSettings loads the settings from the config file and updates the UI elements accordingly.
-func (s *serviceClient) loadSettings() {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(failFastTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get client: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	cfg, err := conn.GetConfig(s.ctx, &proto.GetConfigRequest{
-		ProfileName: activeProf.Name,
-		Username:    currUser.Username,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get config settings from server: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if cfg.ServerSSHAllowed {
-		s.mAllowSSH.Check()
-	} else {
-		s.mAllowSSH.Uncheck()
-	}
-
-	if cfg.DisableAutoConnect {
-		s.mAutoConnect.Uncheck()
-	} else {
-		s.mAutoConnect.Check()
-	}
-
-	if cfg.RosenpassEnabled {
-		s.mEnableRosenpass.Check()
-	} else {
-		s.mEnableRosenpass.Uncheck()
-	}
-
-	if cfg.LazyConnectionEnabled {
-		s.mLazyConnEnabled.Check()
-	} else {
-		s.mLazyConnEnabled.Uncheck()
-	}
-
-	if cfg.BlockInbound {
-		s.mBlockInbound.Check()
-	} else {
-		s.mBlockInbound.Uncheck()
-	}
-
-	if cfg.DisableNotifications {
-		s.mNotifications.Uncheck()
-	} else {
-		s.mNotifications.Check()
-	}
-	if s.eventManager != nil {
-		s.eventManager.SetNotificationsEnabled(s.mNotifications.Checked())
-	}
-}
-
-// updateConfig updates the configuration parameters
-// based on the values selected in the settings window.
-func (s *serviceClient) updateConfig() error {
-	disableAutoStart := !s.mAutoConnect.Checked()
-	sshAllowed := s.mAllowSSH.Checked()
-	rosenpassEnabled := s.mEnableRosenpass.Checked()
-	lazyConnectionEnabled := s.mLazyConnEnabled.Checked()
-	blockInbound := s.mBlockInbound.Checked()
-	notificationsDisabled := !s.mNotifications.Checked()
-
-	activeProf, err := s.profileManager.GetActiveProfile()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get active profile: %v", err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get current user: %v", err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(failFastTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get client: %v", err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	req := proto.SetConfigRequest{
-		ProfileName:           activeProf.Name,
-		Username:              currUser.Username,
-		DisableAutoConnect:    &disableAutoStart,
-		ServerSSHAllowed:      &sshAllowed,
-		RosenpassEnabled:      &rosenpassEnabled,
-		LazyConnectionEnabled: &lazyConnectionEnabled,
-		BlockInbound:          &blockInbound,
-		DisableNotifications:  &notificationsDisabled,
-	}
-
-	if _, err := conn.SetConfig(s.ctx, &req); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("set config settings on server: %v", err)
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// showLoginURL creates a borderless window styled like a pop-up in the top-right corner using s.wLoginURL.
-// It also starts a background goroutine that periodically checks if the client is already connected
-// and closes the window if so. The goroutine can be cancelled by the returned CancelFunc, and it is
-// also cancelled when the window is closed.
-func (s *serviceClient) showLoginURL() context.CancelFunc {
-
-	// create a cancellable context for the background check goroutine
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.ctx)
-
-	resIcon := fyne.NewStaticResource("netbird.png", iconAbout)
-
-	if s.wLoginURL == nil {
-		s.wLoginURL = s.app.NewWindow("NetBird Session Expired")
-		s.wLoginURL.Resize(fyne.NewSize(400, 200))
-		s.wLoginURL.SetIcon(resIcon)
-	}
-	// ensure goroutine is cancelled when the window is closed
-	s.wLoginURL.SetOnClosed(func() { cancel() })
-	// add a description label
-	label := widget.NewLabel("Your NetBird session has expired.\nPlease re-authenticate to continue using NetBird.")
-
-	btn := widget.NewButtonWithIcon("Re-authenticate", theme.ViewRefreshIcon(), func() {
-
-		conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("get client: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		resp, err := s.login(ctx, false)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to fetch login URL: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-		verificationURL := resp.VerificationURIComplete
-		if verificationURL == "" {
-			verificationURL = resp.VerificationURI
-		}
-
-		if verificationURL == "" {
-			log.Error("no verification URL provided in the login response")
-			return
-		}
-
-		if err := openURL(verificationURL); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to open login URL: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		_, err = conn.WaitSSOLogin(ctx, &proto.WaitSSOLoginRequest{UserCode: resp.UserCode})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Waiting sso login failed with: %v", err)
-			label.SetText("Waiting login failed, please create \na debug bundle in the settings and contact support.")
-			return
-		}
-
-		label.SetText("Re-authentication successful.\nReconnecting")
-		status, err := conn.Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("get service status: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
-			label.SetText("Already connected.\nClosing this window.")
-			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
-			s.wLoginURL.Close()
-			return
-		}
-
-		_, err = conn.Up(ctx, &proto.UpRequest{})
-		if err != nil {
-			label.SetText("Reconnecting failed, please create \na debug bundle in the settings and contact support.")
-			log.Errorf("Reconnecting failed with: %v", err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		label.SetText("Connection successful.\nClosing this window.")
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-
-		s.wLoginURL.Close()
-	})
-
-	img := canvas.NewImageFromResource(resIcon)
-	img.FillMode = canvas.ImageFillContain
-	img.SetMinSize(fyne.NewSize(64, 64))
-	img.Resize(fyne.NewSize(64, 64))
-
-	// center the content vertically
-	content := container.NewVBox(
-		layout.NewSpacer(),
-		img,
-		label,
-		btn,
-		layout.NewSpacer(),
-	)
-	s.wLoginURL.SetContent(container.NewCenter(content))
-
-	// start a goroutine to check connection status and close the window if connected
-	go func() {
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
-		defer ticker.Stop()
-
-		conn, err := s.getSrvClient(failFastTimeout)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return
-			case <-ticker.C:
-				status, err := conn.Status(s.ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-				if err != nil {
-					continue
-				}
-				if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
-					if s.wLoginURL != nil {
-						s.wLoginURL.Close()
-					}
-					return
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	s.wLoginURL.Show()
-
-	// return cancel func so callers can stop the background goroutine if desired
-	return cancel
-}
-
-func openURL(url string) error {
-	if browser := os.Getenv("BROWSER"); browser != "" {
-		return exec.Command(browser, url).Start()
-	}
-
-	var err error
-	switch runtime.GOOS {
-	case "windows":
-		err = exec.Command("rundll32", "url.dll,FileProtocolHandler", url).Start()
-	case "darwin":
-		err = exec.Command("open", url).Start()
-	case "linux", "freebsd":
-		err = exec.Command("xdg-open", url).Start()
-	default:
-		err = fmt.Errorf("unsupported platform")
-	}
-	return err
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/const.go b/client/ui/const.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 48619be75..000000000
--- a/client/ui/const.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-const (
-	allowSSHMenuDescr          = "Allow SSH connections"
-	autoConnectMenuDescr       = "Connect automatically when the service starts"
-	quantumResistanceMenuDescr = "Enable post-quantum security via Rosenpass"
-	lazyConnMenuDescr          = "[Experimental] Enable lazy connections"
-	blockInboundMenuDescr      = "Block inbound connections to the local machine and routed networks"
-	notificationsMenuDescr     = "Enable notifications"
-	advancedSettingsMenuDescr  = "Advanced settings of the application"
-	debugBundleMenuDescr       = "Create and open debug information bundle"
-	disabledMenuDescr          = ""
-	networksMenuDescr          = "Open the networks management window"
-	latestVersionMenuDescr     = "Download latest version"
-	quitMenuDescr              = "Quit the client app"
-)
diff --git a/client/ui/debug.go b/client/ui/debug.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ebe4d675..000000000
--- a/client/ui/debug.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,700 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !(linux && 386)
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strconv"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/container"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/dialog"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/widget"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/skratchdot/open-golang/open"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-	uptypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/upload-server/types"
-)
-
-// Initial state for the debug collection
-type debugInitialState struct {
-	wasDown        bool
-	needsRestoreUp bool
-	logLevel       proto.LogLevel
-	isLevelTrace   bool
-}
-
-// Debug collection parameters
-type debugCollectionParams struct {
-	duration          time.Duration
-	anonymize         bool
-	systemInfo        bool
-	upload            bool
-	uploadURL         string
-	enablePersistence bool
-}
-
-// UI components for progress tracking
-type progressUI struct {
-	statusLabel *widget.Label
-	progressBar *widget.ProgressBar
-	uiControls  []fyne.Disableable
-	window      fyne.Window
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) showDebugUI() {
-	w := s.app.NewWindow("NetBird Debug")
-	w.SetOnClosed(s.cancel)
-
-	w.Resize(fyne.NewSize(600, 500))
-	w.SetFixedSize(true)
-
-	anonymizeCheck := widget.NewCheck("Anonymize sensitive information (public IPs, domains, ...)", nil)
-	systemInfoCheck := widget.NewCheck("Include system information (routes, interfaces, ...)", nil)
-	systemInfoCheck.SetChecked(true)
-	uploadCheck := widget.NewCheck("Upload bundle automatically after creation", nil)
-	uploadCheck.SetChecked(true)
-
-	uploadURLLabel := widget.NewLabel("Debug upload URL:")
-	uploadURL := widget.NewEntry()
-	uploadURL.SetText(uptypes.DefaultBundleURL)
-	uploadURL.SetPlaceHolder("Enter upload URL")
-
-	uploadURLContainer := container.NewVBox(
-		uploadURLLabel,
-		uploadURL,
-	)
-
-	uploadCheck.OnChanged = func(checked bool) {
-		if checked {
-			uploadURLContainer.Show()
-		} else {
-			uploadURLContainer.Hide()
-		}
-	}
-
-	debugModeContainer := container.NewHBox()
-	runForDurationCheck := widget.NewCheck("Run with trace logs before creating bundle", nil)
-	runForDurationCheck.SetChecked(true)
-
-	forLabel := widget.NewLabel("for")
-
-	durationInput := widget.NewEntry()
-	durationInput.SetText("1")
-	minutesLabel := widget.NewLabel("minute")
-	durationInput.Validator = func(s string) error {
-		return validateMinute(s, minutesLabel)
-	}
-
-	noteLabel := widget.NewLabel("Note: NetBird will be brought up and down during collection")
-
-	runForDurationCheck.OnChanged = func(checked bool) {
-		if checked {
-			forLabel.Show()
-			durationInput.Show()
-			minutesLabel.Show()
-			noteLabel.Show()
-		} else {
-			forLabel.Hide()
-			durationInput.Hide()
-			minutesLabel.Hide()
-			noteLabel.Hide()
-		}
-	}
-
-	debugModeContainer.Add(runForDurationCheck)
-	debugModeContainer.Add(forLabel)
-	debugModeContainer.Add(durationInput)
-	debugModeContainer.Add(minutesLabel)
-
-	statusLabel := widget.NewLabel("")
-	statusLabel.Hide()
-
-	progressBar := widget.NewProgressBar()
-	progressBar.Hide()
-
-	createButton := widget.NewButton("Create Debug Bundle", nil)
-
-	// UI controls that should be disabled during debug collection
-	uiControls := []fyne.Disableable{
-		anonymizeCheck,
-		systemInfoCheck,
-		uploadCheck,
-		uploadURL,
-		runForDurationCheck,
-		durationInput,
-		createButton,
-	}
-
-	createButton.OnTapped = s.getCreateHandler(
-		statusLabel,
-		progressBar,
-		uploadCheck,
-		uploadURL,
-		anonymizeCheck,
-		systemInfoCheck,
-		runForDurationCheck,
-		durationInput,
-		uiControls,
-		w,
-	)
-
-	content := container.NewVBox(
-		widget.NewLabel("Create a debug bundle to help troubleshoot issues with NetBird"),
-		widget.NewLabel(""),
-		anonymizeCheck,
-		systemInfoCheck,
-		uploadCheck,
-		uploadURLContainer,
-		widget.NewLabel(""),
-		debugModeContainer,
-		noteLabel,
-		widget.NewLabel(""),
-		statusLabel,
-		progressBar,
-		createButton,
-	)
-
-	paddedContent := container.NewPadded(content)
-	w.SetContent(paddedContent)
-
-	w.Show()
-}
-
-func validateMinute(s string, minutesLabel *widget.Label) error {
-	if val, err := strconv.Atoi(s); err != nil || val < 1 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("must be a number ≥ 1")
-	}
-	if s == "1" {
-		minutesLabel.SetText("minute")
-	} else {
-		minutesLabel.SetText("minutes")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// disableUIControls disables the provided UI controls
-func disableUIControls(controls []fyne.Disableable) {
-	for _, control := range controls {
-		control.Disable()
-	}
-}
-
-// enableUIControls enables the provided UI controls
-func enableUIControls(controls []fyne.Disableable) {
-	for _, control := range controls {
-		control.Enable()
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getCreateHandler(
-	statusLabel *widget.Label,
-	progressBar *widget.ProgressBar,
-	uploadCheck *widget.Check,
-	uploadURL *widget.Entry,
-	anonymizeCheck *widget.Check,
-	systemInfoCheck *widget.Check,
-	runForDurationCheck *widget.Check,
-	duration *widget.Entry,
-	uiControls []fyne.Disableable,
-	w fyne.Window,
-) func() {
-	return func() {
-		disableUIControls(uiControls)
-		statusLabel.Show()
-
-		var url string
-		if uploadCheck.Checked {
-			url = uploadURL.Text
-			if url == "" {
-				statusLabel.SetText("Error: Upload URL is required when upload is enabled")
-				enableUIControls(uiControls)
-				return
-			}
-		}
-
-		params := &debugCollectionParams{
-			anonymize:         anonymizeCheck.Checked,
-			systemInfo:        systemInfoCheck.Checked,
-			upload:            uploadCheck.Checked,
-			uploadURL:         url,
-			enablePersistence: true,
-		}
-
-		runForDuration := runForDurationCheck.Checked
-		if runForDuration {
-			minutes, err := time.ParseDuration(duration.Text + "m")
-			if err != nil {
-				statusLabel.SetText(fmt.Sprintf("Error: Invalid duration: %v", err))
-				enableUIControls(uiControls)
-				return
-			}
-			params.duration = minutes
-
-			statusLabel.SetText(fmt.Sprintf("Running in debug mode for %d minutes...", int(minutes.Minutes())))
-			progressBar.Show()
-			progressBar.SetValue(0)
-
-			go s.handleRunForDuration(
-				statusLabel,
-				progressBar,
-				uiControls,
-				w,
-				params,
-			)
-			return
-		}
-
-		statusLabel.SetText("Creating debug bundle...")
-		go s.handleDebugCreation(
-			anonymizeCheck.Checked,
-			systemInfoCheck.Checked,
-			uploadCheck.Checked,
-			url,
-			statusLabel,
-			uiControls,
-			w,
-		)
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) handleRunForDuration(
-	statusLabel *widget.Label,
-	progressBar *widget.ProgressBar,
-	uiControls []fyne.Disableable,
-	w fyne.Window,
-	params *debugCollectionParams,
-) {
-	progressUI := &progressUI{
-		statusLabel: statusLabel,
-		progressBar: progressBar,
-		uiControls:  uiControls,
-		window:      w,
-	}
-
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(failFastTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleError(progressUI, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to get client for debug: %v", err))
-		return
-	}
-
-	initialState, err := s.getInitialState(conn)
-	if err != nil {
-		handleError(progressUI, err.Error())
-		return
-	}
-
-	defer s.restoreServiceState(conn, initialState)
-
-	if err := s.collectDebugData(conn, initialState, params, progressUI); err != nil {
-		handleError(progressUI, err.Error())
-		return
-	}
-
-	if err := s.createDebugBundleFromCollection(conn, params, progressUI); err != nil {
-		handleError(progressUI, err.Error())
-		return
-	}
-
-	progressUI.statusLabel.SetText("Bundle created successfully")
-}
-
-// Get initial state of the service
-func (s *serviceClient) getInitialState(conn proto.DaemonServiceClient) (*debugInitialState, error) {
-	statusResp, err := conn.Status(s.ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(" get status: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	logLevelResp, err := conn.GetLogLevel(s.ctx, &proto.GetLogLevelRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get log level: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	wasDown := statusResp.Status != string(internal.StatusConnected) &&
-		statusResp.Status != string(internal.StatusConnecting)
-
-	initialLogLevel := logLevelResp.GetLevel()
-	initialLevelTrace := initialLogLevel >= proto.LogLevel_TRACE
-
-	return &debugInitialState{
-		wasDown:      wasDown,
-		logLevel:     initialLogLevel,
-		isLevelTrace: initialLevelTrace,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-// Handle progress tracking during collection
-func startProgressTracker(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup, duration time.Duration, progress *progressUI) {
-	progress.progressBar.Show()
-	progress.progressBar.SetValue(0)
-
-	startTime := time.Now()
-	endTime := startTime.Add(duration)
-	wg.Add(1)
-
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(500 * time.Millisecond)
-		defer ticker.Stop()
-
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return
-			case <-ticker.C:
-				remaining := time.Until(endTime)
-				if remaining <= 0 {
-					remaining = 0
-				}
-
-				elapsed := time.Since(startTime)
-				progressVal := float64(elapsed) / float64(duration)
-				if progressVal > 1.0 {
-					progressVal = 1.0
-				}
-
-				progress.progressBar.SetValue(progressVal)
-				progress.statusLabel.SetText(fmt.Sprintf("Running with trace logs... %s remaining", formatDuration(remaining)))
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) configureServiceForDebug(
-	conn proto.DaemonServiceClient,
-	state *debugInitialState,
-	enablePersistence bool,
-) {
-	if state.wasDown {
-		if _, err := conn.Up(s.ctx, &proto.UpRequest{}); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to bring service up: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Info("Service brought up for debug")
-			time.Sleep(time.Second * 10)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !state.isLevelTrace {
-		if _, err := conn.SetLogLevel(s.ctx, &proto.SetLogLevelRequest{Level: proto.LogLevel_TRACE}); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to set log level to TRACE: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Info("Log level set to TRACE for debug")
-		}
-	}
-
-	if _, err := conn.Down(s.ctx, &proto.DownRequest{}); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to bring service down: %v", err)
-	} else {
-		state.needsRestoreUp = !state.wasDown
-		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-	}
-
-	if enablePersistence {
-		if _, err := conn.SetSyncResponsePersistence(s.ctx, &proto.SetSyncResponsePersistenceRequest{
-			Enabled: true,
-		}); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to enable sync response persistence: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Info("Sync response persistence enabled for debug")
-		}
-	}
-
-	if _, err := conn.Up(s.ctx, &proto.UpRequest{}); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to bring service back up: %v", err)
-	} else {
-		state.needsRestoreUp = false
-		time.Sleep(time.Second * 3)
-	}
-
-	if _, err := conn.StartCPUProfile(s.ctx, &proto.StartCPUProfileRequest{}); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to start CPU profiling: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) collectDebugData(
-	conn proto.DaemonServiceClient,
-	state *debugInitialState,
-	params *debugCollectionParams,
-	progress *progressUI,
-) error {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, params.duration)
-	defer cancel()
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	startProgressTracker(ctx, &wg, params.duration, progress)
-
-	s.configureServiceForDebug(conn, state, params.enablePersistence)
-
-	wg.Wait()
-	progress.progressBar.Hide()
-	progress.statusLabel.SetText("Collecting debug data...")
-
-	if _, err := conn.StopCPUProfile(s.ctx, &proto.StopCPUProfileRequest{}); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to stop CPU profiling: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Create the debug bundle with collected data
-func (s *serviceClient) createDebugBundleFromCollection(
-	conn proto.DaemonServiceClient,
-	params *debugCollectionParams,
-	progress *progressUI,
-) error {
-	progress.statusLabel.SetText("Creating debug bundle with collected logs...")
-
-	request := &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
-		Anonymize:  params.anonymize,
-		SystemInfo: params.systemInfo,
-	}
-
-	if params.upload {
-		request.UploadURL = params.uploadURL
-	}
-
-	resp, err := conn.DebugBundle(s.ctx, request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create debug bundle: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Show appropriate dialog based on upload status
-	localPath := resp.GetPath()
-	uploadFailureReason := resp.GetUploadFailureReason()
-	uploadedKey := resp.GetUploadedKey()
-
-	if params.upload {
-		if uploadFailureReason != "" {
-			showUploadFailedDialog(progress.window, localPath, uploadFailureReason)
-		} else {
-			showUploadSuccessDialog(s.app, progress.window, localPath, uploadedKey)
-		}
-	} else {
-		showBundleCreatedDialog(progress.window, localPath)
-	}
-
-	enableUIControls(progress.uiControls)
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Restore service to original state
-func (s *serviceClient) restoreServiceState(conn proto.DaemonServiceClient, state *debugInitialState) {
-	if state.needsRestoreUp {
-		if _, err := conn.Up(s.ctx, &proto.UpRequest{}); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to restore up state: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Info("Service state restored to up")
-		}
-	}
-
-	if state.wasDown {
-		if _, err := conn.Down(s.ctx, &proto.DownRequest{}); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to restore down state: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Info("Service state restored to down")
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !state.isLevelTrace {
-		if _, err := conn.SetLogLevel(s.ctx, &proto.SetLogLevelRequest{Level: state.logLevel}); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to restore log level: %v", err)
-		} else {
-			log.Info("Log level restored to original setting")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Handle errors during debug collection
-func handleError(progress *progressUI, errMsg string) {
-	log.Errorf("%s", errMsg)
-	progress.statusLabel.SetText(errMsg)
-	progress.progressBar.Hide()
-	enableUIControls(progress.uiControls)
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) handleDebugCreation(
-	anonymize bool,
-	systemInfo bool,
-	upload bool,
-	uploadURL string,
-	statusLabel *widget.Label,
-	uiControls []fyne.Disableable,
-	w fyne.Window,
-) {
-	log.Infof("Creating debug bundle (Anonymized: %v, System Info: %v, Upload Attempt: %v)...",
-		anonymize, systemInfo, upload)
-
-	resp, err := s.createDebugBundle(anonymize, systemInfo, uploadURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to create debug bundle: %v", err)
-		statusLabel.SetText(fmt.Sprintf("Error creating bundle: %v", err))
-		enableUIControls(uiControls)
-		return
-	}
-
-	localPath := resp.GetPath()
-	uploadFailureReason := resp.GetUploadFailureReason()
-	uploadedKey := resp.GetUploadedKey()
-
-	if upload {
-		if uploadFailureReason != "" {
-			showUploadFailedDialog(w, localPath, uploadFailureReason)
-		} else {
-			showUploadSuccessDialog(s.app, w, localPath, uploadedKey)
-		}
-	} else {
-		showBundleCreatedDialog(w, localPath)
-	}
-
-	enableUIControls(uiControls)
-	statusLabel.SetText("Bundle created successfully")
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) createDebugBundle(anonymize bool, systemInfo bool, uploadURL string) (*proto.DebugBundleResponse, error) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(failFastTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get client: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	request := &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
-		Anonymize:  anonymize,
-		SystemInfo: systemInfo,
-	}
-
-	if uploadURL != "" {
-		request.UploadURL = uploadURL
-	}
-
-	resp, err := conn.DebugBundle(s.ctx, request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create debug bundle via daemon: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return resp, nil
-}
-
-// formatDuration formats a duration in HH:MM:SS format
-func formatDuration(d time.Duration) string {
-	d = d.Round(time.Second)
-	h := d / time.Hour
-	d %= time.Hour
-	m := d / time.Minute
-	d %= time.Minute
-	s := d / time.Second
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%02d:%02d:%02d", h, m, s)
-}
-
-// createButtonWithAction creates a button with the given label and action
-func createButtonWithAction(label string, action func()) *widget.Button {
-	button := widget.NewButton(label, action)
-	return button
-}
-
-// showUploadFailedDialog displays a dialog when upload fails
-func showUploadFailedDialog(w fyne.Window, localPath, failureReason string) {
-	content := container.NewVBox(
-		widget.NewLabel(fmt.Sprintf("Bundle upload failed:\n%s\n\n"+
-			"A local copy was saved at:\n%s", failureReason, localPath)),
-	)
-
-	customDialog := dialog.NewCustom("Upload Failed", "Cancel", content, w)
-
-	buttonBox := container.NewHBox(
-		createButtonWithAction("Open file", func() {
-			log.Infof("Attempting to open local file: %s", localPath)
-			if openErr := open.Start(localPath); openErr != nil {
-				log.Errorf("Failed to open local file '%s': %v", localPath, openErr)
-				dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("open the local file:\n%s\n\nError: %v", localPath, openErr), w)
-			}
-		}),
-		createButtonWithAction("Open folder", func() {
-			folderPath := filepath.Dir(localPath)
-			log.Infof("Attempting to open local folder: %s", folderPath)
-			if openErr := open.Start(folderPath); openErr != nil {
-				log.Errorf("Failed to open local folder '%s': %v", folderPath, openErr)
-				dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("open the local folder:\n%s\n\nError: %v", folderPath, openErr), w)
-			}
-		}),
-	)
-
-	content.Add(buttonBox)
-	customDialog.Show()
-}
-
-// showUploadSuccessDialog displays a dialog when upload succeeds
-func showUploadSuccessDialog(a fyne.App, w fyne.Window, localPath, uploadedKey string) {
-	log.Infof("Upload key: %s", uploadedKey)
-	keyEntry := widget.NewEntry()
-	keyEntry.SetText(uploadedKey)
-	keyEntry.Disable()
-
-	content := container.NewVBox(
-		widget.NewLabel("Bundle uploaded successfully!"),
-		widget.NewLabel(""),
-		widget.NewLabel("Upload key:"),
-		keyEntry,
-		widget.NewLabel(""),
-		widget.NewLabel(fmt.Sprintf("Local copy saved at:\n%s", localPath)),
-	)
-
-	customDialog := dialog.NewCustom("Upload Successful", "OK", content, w)
-
-	copyBtn := createButtonWithAction("Copy key", func() {
-		a.Clipboard().SetContent(uploadedKey)
-		log.Info("Upload key copied to clipboard")
-	})
-
-	buttonBox := createButtonBox(localPath, w, copyBtn)
-	content.Add(buttonBox)
-	customDialog.Show()
-}
-
-// showBundleCreatedDialog displays a dialog when bundle is created without upload
-func showBundleCreatedDialog(w fyne.Window, localPath string) {
-	content := container.NewVBox(
-		widget.NewLabel(fmt.Sprintf("Bundle created locally at:\n%s\n\n"+
-			"Administrator privileges may be required to access the file.", localPath)),
-	)
-
-	customDialog := dialog.NewCustom("Debug Bundle Created", "Cancel", content, w)
-
-	buttonBox := createButtonBox(localPath, w, nil)
-	content.Add(buttonBox)
-	customDialog.Show()
-}
-
-func createButtonBox(localPath string, w fyne.Window, elems ...fyne.Widget) *fyne.Container {
-	box := container.NewHBox()
-	for _, elem := range elems {
-		box.Add(elem)
-	}
-
-	fileBtn := createButtonWithAction("Open file", func() {
-		log.Infof("Attempting to open local file: %s", localPath)
-		if openErr := open.Start(localPath); openErr != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to open local file '%s': %v", localPath, openErr)
-			dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("open the local file:\n%s\n\nError: %v", localPath, openErr), w)
-		}
-	})
-
-	folderBtn := createButtonWithAction("Open folder", func() {
-		folderPath := filepath.Dir(localPath)
-		log.Infof("Attempting to open local folder: %s", folderPath)
-		if openErr := open.Start(folderPath); openErr != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to open local folder '%s': %v", folderPath, openErr)
-			dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("open the local folder:\n%s\n\nError: %v", folderPath, openErr), w)
-		}
-	})
-
-	box.Add(fileBtn)
-	box.Add(folderBtn)
-
-	return box
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/dock_darwin.go b/client/ui/dock_darwin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd8c60073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/dock_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package main
+
+/*
+#cgo CFLAGS: -x objective-c
+#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework Cocoa
+#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
+
+static int lastDockState = -1;
+
+static void refreshDockPolicy(void) {
+    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
+        Class cls = NSClassFromString(@"WebviewWindow");
+        if (cls == nil) {
+            return;
+        }
+        int visible = 0;
+        for (NSWindow *w in [NSApp windows]) {
+            if ([w isKindOfClass:cls] && [w isVisible]) {
+                visible = 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (visible == lastDockState) {
+            return;
+        }
+        lastDockState = visible;
+
+        // Set application to "Regular" and show dock icon (when visible) or to "Accessory" (when hidden)
+        if (visible) {
+            [NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyRegular];
+            [NSApp activateIgnoringOtherApps:YES];
+        } else {
+            [NSApp setActivationPolicy:NSApplicationActivationPolicyAccessory];
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+static int dockObserverInstalled = 0;
+
+static void initDockObserver(void) {
+    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
+        if (dockObserverInstalled) {
+            return;
+        }
+        dockObserverInstalled = 1;
+        NSNotificationCenter *nc = [NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter];
+        void (^trigger)(NSNotification *) = ^(NSNotification *_) {
+            refreshDockPolicy();
+        };
+
+        [nc addObserverForName:NSWindowDidChangeOcclusionStateNotification
+                        object:nil
+                         queue:nil
+                    usingBlock:trigger];
+        [nc addObserverForName:NSWindowWillCloseNotification
+                        object:nil
+                         queue:nil
+                    usingBlock:trigger];
+
+        refreshDockPolicy();
+    });
+}
+*/
+import "C"
+
+func initDockObserver() {
+	C.initDockObserver()
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/dock_other.go b/client/ui/dock_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ace89552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/dock_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build !darwin && !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+func initDockObserver() {
+	// macOS-only; Linux and Windows taskbar entries already gate on window visibility natively.
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/event/event.go b/client/ui/event/event.go
deleted file mode 100644
index b8ed09a5c..000000000
--- a/client/ui/event/event.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,171 +0,0 @@
-package event
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"slices"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
-	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/desktop"
-)
-
-type Handler func(*proto.SystemEvent)
-
-type Manager struct {
-	app  fyne.App
-	addr string
-
-	mu       sync.Mutex
-	ctx      context.Context
-	cancel   context.CancelFunc
-	enabled  bool
-	handlers []Handler
-}
-
-func NewManager(app fyne.App, addr string) *Manager {
-	return &Manager{
-		app:  app,
-		addr: addr,
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *Manager) Start(ctx context.Context) {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	e.ctx, e.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	e.mu.Unlock()
-
-	expBackOff := backoff.WithContext(&backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
-		InitialInterval:     time.Second,
-		RandomizationFactor: backoff.DefaultRandomizationFactor,
-		Multiplier:          backoff.DefaultMultiplier,
-		MaxInterval:         10 * time.Second,
-		MaxElapsedTime:      0,
-		Stop:                backoff.Stop,
-		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
-	}, ctx)
-
-	if err := backoff.Retry(e.streamEvents, expBackOff); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("event stream ended: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *Manager) streamEvents() error {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	ctx := e.ctx
-	e.mu.Unlock()
-
-	client, err := getClient(e.addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create client: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	stream, err := client.SubscribeEvents(ctx, &proto.SubscribeRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to subscribe to events: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Info("subscribed to daemon events")
-	defer func() {
-		log.Info("unsubscribed from daemon events")
-	}()
-
-	for {
-		event, err := stream.Recv()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error receiving event: %w", err)
-		}
-		e.handleEvent(event)
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *Manager) Stop() {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-	if e.cancel != nil {
-		e.cancel()
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *Manager) SetNotificationsEnabled(enabled bool) {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-	e.enabled = enabled
-}
-
-func (e *Manager) handleEvent(event *proto.SystemEvent) {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	enabled := e.enabled
-	handlers := slices.Clone(e.handlers)
-	e.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if event.UserMessage != "" && (enabled || event.Severity == proto.SystemEvent_CRITICAL) {
-		title := e.getEventTitle(event)
-		body := event.UserMessage
-		id := event.Metadata["id"]
-		if id != "" {
-			body += fmt.Sprintf(" ID: %s", id)
-		}
-		e.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification(title, body))
-	}
-
-	for _, handler := range handlers {
-		go handler(event)
-	}
-}
-
-func (e *Manager) AddHandler(handler Handler) {
-	e.mu.Lock()
-	defer e.mu.Unlock()
-	e.handlers = append(e.handlers, handler)
-}
-
-func (e *Manager) getEventTitle(event *proto.SystemEvent) string {
-	var prefix string
-	switch event.Severity {
-	case proto.SystemEvent_CRITICAL:
-		prefix = "Critical"
-	case proto.SystemEvent_ERROR:
-		prefix = "Error"
-	case proto.SystemEvent_WARNING:
-		prefix = "Warning"
-	default:
-		prefix = "Info"
-	}
-
-	var category string
-	switch event.Category {
-	case proto.SystemEvent_DNS:
-		category = "DNS"
-	case proto.SystemEvent_NETWORK:
-		category = "Network"
-	case proto.SystemEvent_AUTHENTICATION:
-		category = "Authentication"
-	case proto.SystemEvent_CONNECTIVITY:
-		category = "Connectivity"
-	default:
-		category = "System"
-	}
-
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", prefix, category)
-}
-
-func getClient(addr string) (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error) {
-	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(
-		strings.TrimPrefix(addr, "tcp://"),
-		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
-		grpc.WithUserAgent(desktop.GetUIUserAgent()),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(conn), nil
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/event_handler.go b/client/ui/event_handler.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 60a580dae..000000000
--- a/client/ui/event_handler.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,327 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !(linux && 386)
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
-	"fyne.io/systray"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
-)
-
-type eventHandler struct {
-	client *serviceClient
-}
-
-func newEventHandler(client *serviceClient) *eventHandler {
-	return &eventHandler{
-		client: client,
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) listen(ctx context.Context) {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return
-		case <-h.client.mUp.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleConnectClick()
-		case <-h.client.mDown.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleDisconnectClick()
-		case <-h.client.mAllowSSH.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleAllowSSHClick()
-		case <-h.client.mAutoConnect.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleAutoConnectClick()
-		case <-h.client.mEnableRosenpass.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleRosenpassClick()
-		case <-h.client.mLazyConnEnabled.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleLazyConnectionClick()
-		case <-h.client.mBlockInbound.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleBlockInboundClick()
-		case <-h.client.mAdvancedSettings.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleAdvancedSettingsClick()
-		case <-h.client.mCreateDebugBundle.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleCreateDebugBundleClick()
-		case <-h.client.mQuit.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleQuitClick()
-			return
-		case <-h.client.mGitHub.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleGitHubClick()
-		case <-h.client.mUpdate.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleUpdateClick()
-		case <-h.client.mNetworks.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleNetworksClick()
-		case <-h.client.mNotifications.ClickedCh:
-			h.handleNotificationsClick()
-		case <-systray.TrayOpenedCh:
-			h.client.updateExitNodes()
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleConnectClick() {
-	h.client.mUp.Disable()
-
-	if h.client.connectCancel != nil {
-		h.client.connectCancel()
-	}
-
-	connectCtx, connectCancel := context.WithCancel(h.client.ctx)
-	h.client.connectCancel = connectCancel
-
-	go func() {
-		defer connectCancel()
-
-		if err := h.client.menuUpClick(connectCtx); err != nil {
-			st, ok := status.FromError(err)
-			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || (ok && st.Code() == codes.Canceled) {
-				log.Debugf("connect operation cancelled by user")
-			} else {
-				h.client.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to connect"))
-				log.Errorf("connect failed: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		if err := h.client.updateStatus(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("failed to update status after connect: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleDisconnectClick() {
-	h.client.mDown.Disable()
-	h.client.cancelExitNodeRetry()
-
-	if h.client.connectCancel != nil {
-		log.Debugf("cancelling ongoing connect operation")
-		h.client.connectCancel()
-		h.client.connectCancel = nil
-	}
-
-	go func() {
-		if err := h.client.menuDownClick(); err != nil {
-			st, ok := status.FromError(err)
-			if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) && !(ok && st.Code() == codes.Canceled) {
-				h.client.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to disconnect"))
-				log.Errorf("disconnect failed: %v", err)
-			} else {
-				log.Debugf("disconnect cancelled or already disconnecting")
-			}
-		}
-
-		if err := h.client.updateStatus(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("failed to update status after disconnect: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleAllowSSHClick() {
-	h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mAllowSSH)
-	if err := h.updateConfigWithErr(); err != nil {
-		h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mAllowSSH) // revert checkbox state on error
-		log.Errorf("failed to update config: %v", err)
-		h.client.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to update SSH settings"))
-	}
-
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleAutoConnectClick() {
-	h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mAutoConnect)
-	if err := h.updateConfigWithErr(); err != nil {
-		h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mAutoConnect) // revert checkbox state on error
-		log.Errorf("failed to update config: %v", err)
-		h.client.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to update auto-connect settings"))
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleRosenpassClick() {
-	h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mEnableRosenpass)
-	if err := h.updateConfigWithErr(); err != nil {
-		h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mEnableRosenpass) // revert checkbox state on error
-		log.Errorf("failed to update config: %v", err)
-		h.client.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to update Rosenpass settings"))
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleLazyConnectionClick() {
-	h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mLazyConnEnabled)
-	if err := h.updateConfigWithErr(); err != nil {
-		h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mLazyConnEnabled) // revert checkbox state on error
-		log.Errorf("failed to update config: %v", err)
-		h.client.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to update lazy connection settings"))
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleBlockInboundClick() {
-	h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mBlockInbound)
-	if err := h.updateConfigWithErr(); err != nil {
-		h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mBlockInbound) // revert checkbox state on error
-		log.Errorf("failed to update config: %v", err)
-		h.client.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to update block inbound settings"))
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleNotificationsClick() {
-	h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mNotifications)
-	if err := h.updateConfigWithErr(); err != nil {
-		h.toggleCheckbox(h.client.mNotifications) // revert checkbox state on error
-		log.Errorf("failed to update config: %v", err)
-		h.client.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to update notifications settings"))
-	} else if h.client.eventManager != nil {
-		h.client.eventManager.SetNotificationsEnabled(h.client.mNotifications.Checked())
-	}
-
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleAdvancedSettingsClick() {
-	h.client.mAdvancedSettings.Disable()
-	go func() {
-		defer h.client.mAdvancedSettings.Enable()
-		defer h.client.getSrvConfig()
-		h.runSelfCommand(h.client.ctx, "settings")
-	}()
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleCreateDebugBundleClick() {
-	h.client.mCreateDebugBundle.Disable()
-	go func() {
-		defer h.client.mCreateDebugBundle.Enable()
-		h.runSelfCommand(h.client.ctx, "debug")
-	}()
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleQuitClick() {
-	systray.Quit()
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleGitHubClick() {
-	if err := openURL("https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird"); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to open GitHub URL: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleUpdateClick() {
-	h.client.updateIndicationLock.Lock()
-	enforced := h.client.isEnforcedUpdate
-	h.client.updateIndicationLock.Unlock()
-
-	if !enforced {
-		if err := openURL(version.DownloadUrl()); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to open download URL: %v", err)
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	// prevent blocking against a busy server
-	h.client.mUpdate.Disable()
-	go func() {
-		defer h.client.mUpdate.Enable()
-		conn, err := h.client.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to get service client for update: %v", err)
-			_ = openURL(version.DownloadUrl())
-			return
-		}
-
-		resp, err := conn.TriggerUpdate(h.client.ctx, &proto.TriggerUpdateRequest{})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("TriggerUpdate failed: %v", err)
-			_ = openURL(version.DownloadUrl())
-			return
-		}
-		if !resp.Success {
-			log.Errorf("TriggerUpdate failed: %s", resp.ErrorMsg)
-			_ = openURL(version.DownloadUrl())
-			return
-		}
-
-		log.Infof("update triggered via daemon")
-	}()
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) handleNetworksClick() {
-	h.client.mNetworks.Disable()
-	go func() {
-		defer h.client.mNetworks.Enable()
-		h.runSelfCommand(h.client.ctx, "networks")
-	}()
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) toggleCheckbox(item *systray.MenuItem) {
-	if item.Checked() {
-		item.Uncheck()
-	} else {
-		item.Check()
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) updateConfigWithErr() error {
-	if err := h.client.updateConfig(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) runSelfCommand(ctx context.Context, command string, args ...string) {
-	proc, err := os.Executable()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("error getting executable path: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Build the full command arguments
-	cmdArgs := []string{
-		fmt.Sprintf("--%s=true", command),
-		fmt.Sprintf("--daemon-addr=%s", h.client.addr),
-	}
-	cmdArgs = append(cmdArgs, args...)
-
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, proc, cmdArgs...)
-
-	if out := h.client.attachOutput(cmd); out != nil {
-		defer func() {
-			if err := out.Close(); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("error closing log file %s: %v", h.client.logFile, err)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("running command: %s", cmd.String())
-
-	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
-		var exitErr *exec.ExitError
-		if errors.As(err, &exitErr) {
-			log.Printf("command '%s' failed with exit code %d", cmd.String(), exitErr.ExitCode())
-		}
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Printf("command '%s' completed successfully", cmd.String())
-}
-
-func (h *eventHandler) logout(ctx context.Context) error {
-	client, err := h.client.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get service client: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = client.Logout(ctx, &proto.LogoutRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("logout failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	h.client.getSrvConfig()
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/font_bsd.go b/client/ui/font_bsd.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 139f38f40..000000000
--- a/client/ui/font_bsd.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-//go:build freebsd || openbsd || netbsd || dragonfly
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"runtime"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-func (s *serviceClient) setDefaultFonts() {
-	paths := []string{
-		"/usr/local/share/fonts/TTF/DejaVuSans.ttf",
-		"/usr/local/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf",
-		"/usr/local/share/noto/NotoSans-Regular.ttf",
-		"/usr/local/share/fonts/noto/NotoSans-Regular.ttf",
-		"/usr/local/share/fonts/liberation-fonts-ttf/LiberationSans-Regular.ttf",
-	}
-
-	for _, fontPath := range paths {
-		if _, err := os.Stat(fontPath); err == nil {
-			os.Setenv("FYNE_FONT", fontPath)
-			log.Debugf("Using font: %s", fontPath)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	log.Errorf("Failed to find any suitable font files for %s", runtime.GOOS)
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/font_darwin.go b/client/ui/font_darwin.go
deleted file mode 100644
index cafb72f59..000000000
--- a/client/ui/font_darwin.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"os"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-const defaultFontPath = "/Library/Fonts/Arial Unicode.ttf"
-
-func (s *serviceClient) setDefaultFonts() {
-	if _, err := os.Stat(defaultFontPath); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to find default font file: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	os.Setenv("FYNE_FONT", defaultFontPath)
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/font_linux.go b/client/ui/font_linux.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 4aa92494a..000000000
--- a/client/ui/font_linux.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !386
-
-package main
-
-func (s *serviceClient) setDefaultFonts() {
-	//TODO: Linux Multiple Language Support
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/font_windows.go b/client/ui/font_windows.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 6346a9fb9..000000000
--- a/client/ui/font_windows.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"path"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-)
-
-func (s *serviceClient) setDefaultFonts() {
-	defaultFontPath := s.getWindowsFontFilePath()
-
-	if _, err := os.Stat(defaultFontPath); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to find default font file: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	os.Setenv("FYNE_FONT", defaultFontPath)
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getWindowsFontFilePath() string {
-	var (
-		fontFolder  = "C:/Windows/Fonts"
-		fontMapping = map[string]string{
-			"default":     "Segoeui.ttf",
-			"zh-CN":       "Segoeui.ttf",
-			"am-ET":       "Ebrima.ttf",
-			"nirmala":     "Nirmala.ttf",
-			"chr-CHER-US": "Gadugi.ttf",
-			"zh-HK":       "Segoeui.ttf",
-			"zh-TW":       "Segoeui.ttf",
-			"km-KH":       "Leelawui.ttf",
-			"ko-KR":       "Malgun.ttf",
-			"th-TH":       "Leelawui.ttf",
-			"ti-ET":       "Ebrima.ttf",
-		}
-		nirMalaLang = []string{
-			"as-IN",
-			"bn-BD",
-			"bn-IN",
-			"gu-IN",
-			"hi-IN",
-			"kn-IN",
-			"kok-IN",
-			"ml-IN",
-			"mr-IN",
-			"ne-NP",
-			"or-IN",
-			"pa-IN",
-			"si-LK",
-			"ta-IN",
-			"te-IN",
-		}
-	)
-
-	// getUserDefaultLocaleName.Call() panics if the func is not found
-	defer func() {
-		if r := recover(); r != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Recovered from panic: %v", r)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	kernel32 := windows.NewLazySystemDLL("kernel32.dll")
-	getUserDefaultLocaleName := kernel32.NewProc("GetUserDefaultLocaleName")
-
-	buf := make([]uint16, 85) // LOCALE_NAME_MAX_LENGTH is usually 85
-	r, _, err := getUserDefaultLocaleName.Call(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0])), uintptr(len(buf)))
-	// returns 0 on failure, err is always non-nil
-	// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnls/nf-winnls-getuserdefaultlocalename
-	if r == 0 {
-		log.Errorf("GetUserDefaultLocaleName call failed: %v", err)
-		return path.Join(fontFolder, fontMapping["default"])
-	}
-
-	defaultLanguage := windows.UTF16ToString(buf)
-
-	for _, lang := range nirMalaLang {
-		if defaultLanguage == lang {
-			return path.Join(fontFolder, fontMapping["nirmala"])
-		}
-	}
-
-	if font, ok := fontMapping[defaultLanguage]; ok {
-		return path.Join(fontFolder, font)
-	}
-
-	return path.Join(fontFolder, fontMapping["default"])
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/.prettierignore b/client/ui/frontend/.prettierignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c78cb7cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/.prettierignore
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+dist
+build
+node_modules
+pnpm-lock.yaml
+wailsjs
+*.min.js
+*.min.css
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/.prettierrc b/client/ui/frontend/.prettierrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e47a94f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/.prettierrc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+    "tabWidth": 4,
+    "useTabs": false,
+    "semi": true,
+    "singleQuote": false,
+    "trailingComma": "all",
+    "printWidth": 100,
+    "arrowParens": "always",
+    "endOfLine": "lf",
+    "plugins": ["prettier-plugin-tailwindcss"],
+    "tailwindFunctions": ["cn", "clsx", "cva", "tw"]
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/WAILS-API.md b/client/ui/frontend/WAILS-API.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..494812d35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/WAILS-API.md
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+# Wails Go API reference (frontend)
+
+Reference for every binding method and model shape exposed to the frontend. Generated from `client/ui/services/*.go` via `wails3 generate bindings -clean=true -ts` — regenerate after any Go-side change. Authoritative source is always `bindings/github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services/*.ts`.
+
+Every method returns `$CancellablePromise<T>` (a Wails3 wrapper around `Promise`). Call `.cancel()` to abort the underlying gRPC call; in practice we just `await` and let it run.
+
+## Imports
+
+```ts
+// Services
+import {
+  Connection, Peers, ProfileSwitcher, Profiles,
+  Settings, Networks, Forwarding, Debug, Update, WindowManager,
+  I18n, Preferences,
+} from "@bindings/services";
+
+// Models (types-only)
+import type {
+  Status, PeerStatus, PeerLink, LocalPeer, SystemEvent,
+  Profile, ProfileRef, ActiveProfile,
+  Config, ConfigParams, SetConfigParams, Features,
+  Network, SelectNetworksParams,
+  ForwardingRule, PortInfo, PortRange,
+  LoginParams, LoginResult, LogoutParams, WaitSSOParams, UpParams,
+  DebugBundleParams, DebugBundleResult, LogLevel,
+  UpdateResult, UpdateAvailable, UpdateProgress,
+} from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+
+// i18n / preferences models live in sibling packages, not services/models
+import { LanguageCode, type Language } from "@bindings/i18n/models.js";
+import type { UIPreferences } from "@bindings/preferences/models.js";
+```
+
+## Push events
+
+Subscribe with `Events.On(name, handler)` from `@wailsio/runtime`. Handlers receive `{ data: <payload> }`.
+
+| Event | Payload | Fires on |
+|---|---|---|
+| `netbird:status` | `Status` | Daemon SubscribeStatus snapshot — connection-state change, peer-list change, address change, mgmt/signal flip. Synthetic `StatusDaemonUnavailable` is emitted when the gRPC socket is unreachable, and a synthetic `Connecting` is emitted at the start of an active profile switch. |
+| `netbird:event` | `SystemEvent` | One push per daemon SubscribeEvents item (DNS / network / authentication / connectivity / system). Used by the tray for OS toasts; the TS side reads events through `Status.events` instead. |
+| `netbird:update:available` | `UpdateAvailable` | Daemon detected a new version (fan-out of the `new_version_available` metadata key). |
+| `netbird:preferences:changed` | `{ language: string }` | Fires after every successful `Preferences.SetLanguage` (including the caller's own window). `src/lib/i18n.ts` subscribes and calls `i18next.changeLanguage`. |
+| `netbird:update:progress` | `UpdateProgress` | Daemon enforced-update install progress (`action: "show"` etc.). |
+| `browser-login:cancel` | (none) | Either the user closed the `BrowserLogin` window (Go-emitted) or the page's Cancel button (frontend-emitted). |
+| `trigger-login` | (none) | Reserved by the tray for asking the frontend to start an SSO flow. `layouts/ConnectionStatusSwitch.tsx` subscribes and runs `startLogin()`; no Go-side emitter today. |
+
+The two stream loops behind `netbird:status` and `netbird:event` start automatically — `main.go` calls `peers.Watch(context.Background())` at boot. `Peers.Watch` is still exported but the frontend doesn't need to invoke it.
+
+## `Connection`
+
+```ts
+Connection.Login(p: LoginParams): Promise<LoginResult>
+Connection.WaitSSOLogin(p: WaitSSOParams): Promise<string>   // returns email
+Connection.Up(p: UpParams): Promise<void>                    // async on the daemon
+Connection.Down(): Promise<void>
+Connection.Logout(p: LogoutParams): Promise<void>
+Connection.OpenURL(url: string): Promise<void>               // honors $BROWSER
+```
+
+`Login` Down-resets the daemon first to dislodge a stale `WaitSSOLogin` (so a previously abandoned SSO flow doesn't fail the next attempt). `Up` always uses async mode — status flows back through `netbird:status`. **Do not call `Up` on an `Idle` / `NeedsLogin` daemon** — the daemon's internal 50s `waitForUp` will block and return `DeadlineExceeded`.
+
+Full SSO sequence: `Login` → if `result.needsSsoLogin`, open `result.verificationUriComplete` via `OpenURL` + `WindowManager.OpenBrowserLogin(uri)` → `WaitSSOLogin({ userCode })` → `Up({})`. The canonical implementation is `startLogin()` in `layouts/ConnectionStatusSwitch.tsx`.
+
+## `Peers`
+
+```ts
+Peers.Get(): Promise<Status>            // one-shot snapshot
+Peers.Watch(): Promise<void>            // already invoked from main.go
+Peers.BeginProfileSwitch(): Promise<void>
+Peers.CancelProfileSwitch(): Promise<void>
+```
+
+`BeginProfileSwitch` and `CancelProfileSwitch` are normally driven by `ProfileSwitcher` / the tray, not the frontend.
+
+## `ProfileSwitcher`
+
+```ts
+ProfileSwitcher.SwitchActive(p: ProfileRef): Promise<void>
+```
+
+The single entry point both tray and frontend should use for profile flips. Applies the reconnect policy below, mirrors the switch into the user-side `profilemanager` (so the CLI's `netbird up` reads a consistent active profile), and drives the optimistic-Connecting paint via `Peers.BeginProfileSwitch`.
+
+Reconnect policy (driven by `prevStatus` captured at entry):
+
+| Previous status | Action | Optimistic UI | Suppressed events until new flow |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| Connected | Switch + Down + Up | Connecting (synthetic) | Connected, Idle |
+| Connecting | Switch + Down + Up | Connecting (unchanged) | Connected, Idle |
+| NeedsLogin / LoginFailed / SessionExpired | Switch + Down | (no change) | — |
+| Idle | Switch only | (no change) | — |
+
+## `Profiles`
+
+```ts
+Profiles.Username(): Promise<string>            // current OS username
+Profiles.List(username: string): Promise<Profile[]>
+Profiles.GetActive(): Promise<ActiveProfile>
+Profiles.Switch(p: ProfileRef): Promise<void>   // raw daemon RPC; prefer ProfileSwitcher.SwitchActive
+Profiles.Add(p: ProfileRef): Promise<void>
+Profiles.Remove(p: ProfileRef): Promise<void>
+```
+
+`Profile.email` is populated by the **UI process** reading the per-profile state file (`~/Library/Application Support/netbird/<name>.state.json` on macOS), not by the daemon — the daemon runs as root and can't read user-owned files.
+
+## `Settings`
+
+```ts
+Settings.GetConfig(p: ConfigParams): Promise<Config>
+Settings.SetConfig(p: SetConfigParams): Promise<void>     // partial update
+Settings.GetFeatures(): Promise<Features>                 // operator-disabled UI sections
+```
+
+`SetConfig` is a partial update: only fields you set are pushed to the daemon. `profileName` + `username` are always required; the typed fields in `SetConfigParams` are optional (`field?: T | null`). `managementUrl` and `adminUrl` are always-string for historical reasons.
+
+**PSK mask quirk:** `GetConfig` returns existing pre-shared keys as `"**********"`. If you send the mask back, `wgtypes.ParseKey` fails on the next connect. `SettingsContext.save` drops the field when it equals `"**********"`. See `modules/settings/SettingsContext.tsx`.
+
+`SetConfigParams` carries one field that `Config` does not: `disableFirewall`. There's no current GET path for it.
+
+## `Networks`
+
+```ts
+Networks.List(): Promise<Network[]>
+Networks.Select(p: SelectNetworksParams): Promise<void>
+Networks.Deselect(p: SelectNetworksParams): Promise<void>
+```
+
+`SelectNetworksParams.append=true` merges into the existing selection; `false` replaces. `all=true` ignores `networkIds` and targets every network (Select-All / Deselect-All).
+
+Exit-node filter: `range === "0.0.0.0/0" || range === "::/0"`. Domain network: `domains.length > 0`. CIDR overlap check is client-side.
+
+## `Forwarding`
+
+```ts
+Forwarding.List(): Promise<ForwardingRule[]>
+```
+
+`PortInfo` is a daemon-side oneof — exactly one of `port?: number` or `range?: PortRange` is populated. `protocol` is the lowercase daemon string (`"tcp"` / `"udp"`).
+
+## `Debug`
+
+```ts
+Debug.GetLogLevel(): Promise<LogLevel>
+Debug.SetLogLevel(lvl: LogLevel): Promise<void>
+Debug.Bundle(p: DebugBundleParams): Promise<DebugBundleResult>
+Debug.RevealFile(path: string): Promise<void>          // OS file-manager focus
+```
+
+**Log level case sensitivity bug:** `proto.LogLevel_value` is keyed on uppercase enum names (`"TRACE"`, `"DEBUG"`, `"INFO"`, `"WARN"`, `"ERROR"`, `"PANIC"`, `"FATAL"`, `"UNKNOWN"`). `Debug.SetLogLevel` calls `proto.LogLevel_value[lvl.Level]` and falls back to `INFO` on miss. `useDebugBundle` currently passes `"trace"` (lowercase), which silently maps to `INFO` — the trace-capture flow doesn't actually raise the log level today. To raise to trace, pass `{ level: "TRACE" }`. Fix on the cleanup list.
+
+`Debug.Bundle` uploads when `uploadUrl != ""`. Result fields: `path` (local copy), `uploadedKey` (set on success), `uploadFailureReason` (set on upload failure — the local copy is still saved).
+
+## `Update`
+
+```ts
+Update.Trigger(): Promise<UpdateResult>             // start the install
+Update.GetInstallerResult(): Promise<UpdateResult>  // poll the outcome (long-running)
+Update.Quit(): Promise<void>                        // 100ms later, app.Quit()
+```
+
+Typical enforced-update flow on the `/update` route: call `Trigger` once, then poll `GetInstallerResult` every 2s with a 15-minute total timeout. On `success: true` call `Quit`. On `success: false` show `errorMsg`. If the gRPC poll itself starts failing for `DAEMON_DOWN_GRACE_MS` (5s), treat that as success and quit too — the installer commonly takes the daemon offline mid-upgrade. See `pages/Update.tsx` for the canonical implementation.
+
+## `WindowManager`
+
+```ts
+WindowManager.OpenSettings(): Promise<void>
+WindowManager.OpenBrowserLogin(uri: string): Promise<void>   // uri appended as ?uri=…
+WindowManager.CloseBrowserLogin(): Promise<void>
+WindowManager.OpenError(title: string, message: string): Promise<void>  // custom branded error window; both query-escaped as ?title=…&message=…
+WindowManager.CloseError(): Promise<void>
+```
+
+Prefer `errorDialog({Title, Message})` from `lib/dialogs.ts` over calling `OpenError` directly — it's the app's single error surface (the old native MessageBox wrapper now routes here). Both strings must be pre-localised.
+
+Both auxiliary windows are created on first open and destroyed on close (mutex-guarded singleton). The BrowserLogin window's red-X close fires the `browser-login:cancel` event so `startLogin()` can tear down the pending daemon `WaitSSOLogin`.
+
+## `I18n`
+
+```ts
+I18n.Languages(): Promise<Language[]>                       // from _index.json
+I18n.Bundle(code: LanguageCode): Promise<Record<string,string>>  // full key→text map
+```
+
+Source of truth is `client/ui/i18n/locales/` (shared with the Go tray). The frontend's i18next bootstrap doesn't need `I18n.Bundle` at runtime (bundles are statically imported by Vite via the glob in `src/lib/i18n.ts`), but the language picker reads `I18n.Languages()` so the list matches `_index.json` without duplicating it in TS.
+
+## `Preferences`
+
+```ts
+Preferences.Get(): Promise<UIPreferences>                   // { language: string }
+Preferences.SetLanguage(code: LanguageCode): Promise<void>  // rejects on unknown code
+```
+
+`SetLanguage` validates against the loaded `i18n.Bundle`, persists to `os.UserConfigDir()/netbird/ui-preferences.json`, and emits `netbird:preferences:changed`. The frontend's `src/lib/i18n.ts` listens to that event and calls `i18next.changeLanguage` so a flip in any window paints in all of them. Missing preferences file → defaults to `en`, written on first read.
+
+## Daemon `Status.status` values
+
+Mirror `internal.Status*` in `client/internal/state.go` plus the synthetic UI label:
+
+| Value | Meaning |
+|---|---|
+| `"Idle"` | Tunnel down (Up never invoked or Down completed) |
+| `"Connecting"` | Up in progress |
+| `"Connected"` | Tunnel up |
+| `"NeedsLogin"` | Fresh install or token cleared; needs Login → SSO → Up |
+| `"LoginFailed"` | Previous Login attempt errored |
+| `"SessionExpired"` | SSO token expired; needs re-Login |
+| `"DaemonUnavailable"` | **Synthetic** — UI side, emitted when the daemon gRPC socket is unreachable. Not a real daemon enum. |
+
+The tray also reads a tray-only synthetic `"Error"` for icon purposes; the frontend doesn't see that.
+
+## Model field reference
+
+`Status`:
+```ts
+{ status, daemonVersion: string;
+  management: PeerLink; signal: PeerLink;
+  local: LocalPeer;
+  peers: PeerStatus[];
+  events: SystemEvent[]; }
+```
+
+`PeerLink`: `{ url: string; connected: boolean; error?: string }`.
+
+`LocalPeer`: `{ ip, pubKey, fqdn: string; networks: string[] }`.
+
+`PeerStatus`:
+```ts
+{ ip, pubKey, fqdn, connStatus: string;
+  connStatusUpdateUnix: number;
+  relayed: boolean;
+  localIceCandidateType, remoteIceCandidateType: string;     // pion: "host"|"srflx"|"prflx"|"relay"|""
+  localIceCandidateEndpoint, remoteIceCandidateEndpoint: string;
+  bytesRx, bytesTx, latencyMs, lastHandshakeUnix: number;
+  relayAddress: string;                                       // set when relayed=true
+  rosenpassEnabled: boolean;
+  networks: string[]; }
+```
+
+`SystemEvent`:
+```ts
+{ id: string;
+  severity: string;       // "info"|"warning"|"error"|"critical" (lowercased proto enum, "SystemEvent_" prefix stripped)
+  category: string;       // "network"|"dns"|"authentication"|"connectivity"|"system" (same casing rules)
+  message: string;        // technical / log line
+  userMessage: string;    // human-friendly — render this
+  timestamp: number;      // unix seconds
+  metadata: Record<string, string>; }   // keys: "new_version_available", "enforced", "id", "network", "version", "progress_window", …
+```
+
+`Profile`: `{ name: string; isActive: boolean; email: string }`.
+
+`Config` (read-only mirror, all required):
+```ts
+{ managementUrl, adminUrl, configFile, logFile, preSharedKey, interfaceName: string;
+  wireguardPort, mtu, sshJwtCacheTtl: number;
+  disableAutoConnect, serverSshAllowed,
+  rosenpassEnabled, rosenpassPermissive,
+  disableNotifications, lazyConnectionEnabled, blockInbound,
+  networkMonitor, disableClientRoutes, disableServerRoutes,
+  disableDns, disableIpv6, blockLanAccess,
+  enableSshRoot, enableSshSftp,
+  enableSshLocalPortForwarding, enableSshRemotePortForwarding,
+  disableSshAuth: boolean; }
+```
+
+`SetConfigParams` has all `Config` fields as `field?: T | null` (partial update), plus the write-only `disableFirewall?: boolean | null`, plus `profileName` / `username` / `managementUrl` / `adminUrl` as required strings.
+
+`Features`: `{ disableProfiles, disableUpdateSettings, disableNetworks: boolean }`.
+
+`Network`: `{ id, range: string; selected: boolean; domains: string[]; resolvedIps: Record<string, string[]> }`.
+
+`ForwardingRule`: `{ protocol: string; destinationPort: PortInfo; translatedAddress, translatedHostname: string; translatedPort: PortInfo }`.
+
+`PortInfo`: `{ port?: number | null; range?: PortRange | null }` (exactly one populated).
+
+`PortRange`: `{ start, end: number }` (inclusive).
+
+`LoginParams`: `{ profileName, username, managementUrl, setupKey, preSharedKey, hostname, hint: string }`.
+
+`LoginResult`: `{ needsSsoLogin: boolean; userCode, verificationUri, verificationUriComplete: string }`.
+
+`WaitSSOParams`: `{ userCode, hostname: string }`. Resolves to the user's email.
+
+`UpParams` / `LogoutParams` / `ProfileRef` / `ConfigParams` / `ActiveProfile`: all `{ profileName, username: string }` (different names but same shape — kept distinct by Wails for clarity).
+
+`DebugBundleParams`: `{ anonymize, systemInfo: boolean; uploadUrl: string; logFileCount: number }`.
+
+`DebugBundleResult`: `{ path, uploadedKey, uploadFailureReason: string }`.
+
+`LogLevel`: `{ level: string }` — **uppercase** proto enum name (`"TRACE"`, `"DEBUG"`, `"INFO"`, `"WARN"`, `"ERROR"`, `"PANIC"`, `"FATAL"`).
+
+`UpdateResult`: `{ success: boolean; errorMsg: string }`.
+
+`UpdateAvailable`: `{ version: string; enforced: boolean }`.
+
+`UpdateProgress`: `{ action: string; version: string }`.
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/eslint.config.js b/client/ui/frontend/eslint.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f00623b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/eslint.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import js from "@eslint/js";
+import tseslint from "typescript-eslint";
+import react from "eslint-plugin-react";
+import reactHooks from "eslint-plugin-react-hooks";
+import reactRefresh from "eslint-plugin-react-refresh";
+import jsxA11y from "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y";
+import globals from "globals";
+
+export default tseslint.config(
+    {
+        ignores: ["dist/**", "node_modules/**", "bindings/**", "sonar/**"],
+    },
+    js.configs.recommended,
+    ...tseslint.configs.recommended,
+    {
+        files: ["src/**/*.{ts,tsx}"],
+        plugins: {
+            react,
+            "react-hooks": reactHooks,
+            "react-refresh": reactRefresh,
+            "jsx-a11y": jsxA11y,
+        },
+        languageOptions: {
+            ecmaVersion: 2022,
+            sourceType: "module",
+            globals: { ...globals.browser },
+            parserOptions: {
+                ecmaFeatures: { jsx: true },
+            },
+        },
+        settings: {
+            react: { version: "detect" },
+        },
+        rules: {
+            // ----- a11y / semantic HTML (jsx-a11y recommended) -----
+            ...jsxA11y.configs.recommended.rules,
+            "jsx-a11y/no-autofocus": ["warn", { ignoreNonDOM: true }],
+
+            // ----- React -----
+            ...react.configs.recommended.rules,
+            ...react.configs["jsx-runtime"].rules,
+            "react/prop-types": "off",
+            "react/jsx-no-target-blank": ["error", { allowReferrer: true }],
+            "react/self-closing-comp": "warn",
+
+            // ----- React hooks -----
+            "react-hooks/rules-of-hooks": "error",
+            "react-hooks/exhaustive-deps": "warn",
+
+            // ----- Vite / HMR (Fast Refresh) -----
+            "react-refresh/only-export-components": "off",
+
+            // ----- TypeScript -----
+            "@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": [
+                "warn",
+                {
+                    argsIgnorePattern: "^_",
+                    varsIgnorePattern: "^_",
+                    caughtErrorsIgnorePattern: "^_",
+                },
+            ],
+            "@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-imports": [
+                "warn",
+                { prefer: "type-imports", fixStyle: "inline-type-imports" },
+            ],
+            "@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any": "warn",
+
+            // ----- General correctness -----
+            eqeqeq: ["error", "smart"],
+            "no-console": ["warn", { allow: ["warn", "error", "info"] }],
+            "no-debugger": "error",
+            "prefer-const": "warn",
+        },
+    },
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/index.html b/client/ui/frontend/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e62139956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en" class="dark">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>NetBird</title>
+    <style>
+      html, body { background: #181A1D; }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <div id="root"></div>
+    <script type="module" src="/src/app.tsx"></script>
+  </body>
+</html>
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/package.json b/client/ui/frontend/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcef99ad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "name": "netbird-ui",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "dev": "vite",
+    "build:dev": "tsc && vite build --minify false --mode development",
+    "build": "tsc && vite build --mode production",
+    "preview": "vite preview",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit",
+    "bindings": "cd .. && wails3 generate bindings -clean=true -ts",
+    "format": "prettier --write \"src/**/*.{ts,tsx,js,jsx,css,json,md}\"",
+    "format:check": "prettier --check \"src/**/*.{ts,tsx,js,jsx,css,json,md}\"",
+    "lint": "eslint \"src/**/*.{ts,tsx}\"",
+    "lint:fix": "eslint \"src/**/*.{ts,tsx}\" --fix",
+    "check": "pnpm lint && pnpm typecheck && pnpm format:check",
+    "check:fix": "pnpm lint:fix && pnpm format && pnpm typecheck",
+    "i18n:check": "node ../i18n/check-translations.mjs"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@radix-ui/react-dialog": "^1.1.15",
+    "@radix-ui/react-dropdown-menu": "^2.1.16",
+    "@radix-ui/react-label": "^2.1.8",
+    "@radix-ui/react-popover": "^1.1.15",
+    "@radix-ui/react-radio-group": "^1.3.8",
+    "@radix-ui/react-scroll-area": "^1.2.10",
+    "@radix-ui/react-switch": "^1.2.6",
+    "@radix-ui/react-tabs": "^1.1.13",
+    "@radix-ui/react-tooltip": "^1.2.8",
+    "@radix-ui/react-visually-hidden": "^1.2.4",
+    "@wailsio/runtime": "latest",
+    "class-variance-authority": "^0.7.1",
+    "clsx": "^2.1.1",
+    "cmdk": "^1.1.1",
+    "framer-motion": "^12.38.0",
+    "i18next": "^26.2.0",
+    "lucide-react": "^0.566.0",
+    "react": "^18.3.1",
+    "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
+    "react-i18next": "^17.0.8",
+    "react-loading-skeleton": "^3.5.0",
+    "react-router-dom": "^7.1.3",
+    "react-virtuoso": "^4.12.5",
+    "tailwind-merge": "^2.6.0"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@eslint/js": "^10.0.1",
+    "@types/node": "^25.6.0",
+    "@types/react": "^18.3.18",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^18.3.5",
+    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.4",
+    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.20",
+    "eslint": "^9.39.4",
+    "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "^6.10.2",
+    "eslint-plugin-react": "^7.37.5",
+    "eslint-plugin-react-hooks": "^7.1.1",
+    "eslint-plugin-react-refresh": "^0.5.3",
+    "globals": "^17.6.0",
+    "postcss": "^8.5.1",
+    "prettier": "^3.8.3",
+    "prettier-plugin-tailwindcss": "^0.8.0",
+    "tailwindcss": "^3.4.17",
+    "tailwindcss-animate": "^1.0.7",
+    "typescript": "^5.7.3",
+    "typescript-eslint": "^8.61.1",
+    "vite": "^6.0.7"
+  },
+  "packageManager": "pnpm@11.4.0+sha512.f0febc7e37552ab485494a914241b338e0b3580b93d54ce31f00933015880863129038a1b4ae4e414a0ee63ac35bf21197e990172c4a68256450b5636310968f"
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml b/client/ui/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6b3dd336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5240 @@
+lockfileVersion: '9.0'
+
+settings:
+  autoInstallPeers: true
+  excludeLinksFromLockfile: false
+
+importers:
+
+  .:
+    dependencies:
+      '@radix-ui/react-dialog':
+        specifier: ^1.1.15
+        version: 1.1.15(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@radix-ui/react-dropdown-menu':
+        specifier: ^2.1.16
+        version: 2.1.16(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@radix-ui/react-label':
+        specifier: ^2.1.8
+        version: 2.1.8(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@radix-ui/react-popover':
+        specifier: ^1.1.15
+        version: 1.1.15(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@radix-ui/react-radio-group':
+        specifier: ^1.3.8
+        version: 1.3.8(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@radix-ui/react-scroll-area':
+        specifier: ^1.2.10
+        version: 1.2.10(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@radix-ui/react-switch':
+        specifier: ^1.2.6
+        version: 1.2.6(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@radix-ui/react-tabs':
+        specifier: ^1.1.13
+        version: 1.1.13(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@radix-ui/react-tooltip':
+        specifier: ^1.2.8
+        version: 1.2.8(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@radix-ui/react-visually-hidden':
+        specifier: ^1.2.4
+        version: 1.2.4(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      '@wailsio/runtime':
+        specifier: latest
+        version: 3.0.0-alpha.79
+      class-variance-authority:
+        specifier: ^0.7.1
+        version: 0.7.1
+      clsx:
+        specifier: ^2.1.1
+        version: 2.1.1
+      cmdk:
+        specifier: ^1.1.1
+        version: 1.1.1(@types/react-dom@18.3.7(@types/react@18.3.29))(@types/react@18.3.29)(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      framer-motion:
+        specifier: ^12.38.0
+        version: 12.40.0(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
+      i18next:
+        specifier: ^26.2.0
+        version: 26.3.0(typescript@5.9.3)
+      lucide-react:
+        specifier: ^0.566.0
+        version: 0.566.0(react@18.3.1)
+      react:
+        specifier: ^18.3.1
+        version: 18.3.1
+      react-dom:
+        specifier: ^18.3.1
+        version: 18.3.1(react@18.3.1)
+      react-i18next:
+        specifier: ^17.0.8
+        version: 17.0.8(i18next@26.3.0(typescript@5.9.3))(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)(typescript@5.9.3)
+      react-loading-skeleton:
+        specifier: ^3.5.0
+        version: 3.5.0(react@18.3.1)
+      react-router-dom:
+        specifier: ^7.1.3
+        version: 7.15.1(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1)
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+  react-style-singleton@2.2.3(@types/react@18.3.29)(react@18.3.1):
+    dependencies:
+      get-nonce: 1.0.1
+      react: 18.3.1
+      tslib: 2.8.1
+    optionalDependencies:
+      '@types/react': 18.3.29
+
+  react-virtuoso@4.18.7(react-dom@18.3.1(react@18.3.1))(react@18.3.1):
+    dependencies:
+      react: 18.3.1
+      react-dom: 18.3.1(react@18.3.1)
+
+  react@18.3.1:
+    dependencies:
+      loose-envify: 1.4.0
+
+  read-cache@1.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      pify: 2.3.0
+
+  readdirp@3.6.0:
+    dependencies:
+      picomatch: 2.3.2
+
+  reflect.getprototypeof@1.0.10:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      define-properties: 1.2.1
+      es-abstract: 1.24.2
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      es-object-atoms: 1.1.2
+      get-intrinsic: 1.3.0
+      get-proto: 1.0.1
+      which-builtin-type: 1.2.1
+
+  regexp.prototype.flags@1.5.4:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      define-properties: 1.2.1
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      get-proto: 1.0.1
+      gopd: 1.2.0
+      set-function-name: 2.0.2
+
+  resolve-from@4.0.0: {}
+
+  resolve@1.22.12:
+    dependencies:
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      is-core-module: 2.16.2
+      path-parse: 1.0.7
+      supports-preserve-symlinks-flag: 1.0.0
+
+  resolve@2.0.0-next.7:
+    dependencies:
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      is-core-module: 2.16.2
+      node-exports-info: 1.6.0
+      object-keys: 1.1.1
+      path-parse: 1.0.7
+      supports-preserve-symlinks-flag: 1.0.0
+
+  reusify@1.1.0: {}
+
+  rollup@4.60.4:
+    dependencies:
+      '@types/estree': 1.0.8
+    optionalDependencies:
+      '@rollup/rollup-android-arm-eabi': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-android-arm64': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-darwin-arm64': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-darwin-x64': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-freebsd-arm64': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-freebsd-x64': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-gnueabihf': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-arm-musleabihf': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-gnu': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-arm64-musl': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-gnu': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-loong64-musl': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-gnu': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-ppc64-musl': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-gnu': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-riscv64-musl': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-s390x-gnu': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-gnu': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-linux-x64-musl': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-openbsd-x64': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-openharmony-arm64': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-win32-arm64-msvc': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-win32-ia32-msvc': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-gnu': 4.60.4
+      '@rollup/rollup-win32-x64-msvc': 4.60.4
+      fsevents: 2.3.3
+
+  run-parallel@1.2.0:
+    dependencies:
+      queue-microtask: 1.2.3
+
+  safe-array-concat@1.1.4:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      get-intrinsic: 1.3.0
+      has-symbols: 1.1.0
+      isarray: 2.0.5
+
+  safe-push-apply@1.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      isarray: 2.0.5
+
+  safe-regex-test@1.1.0:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      is-regex: 1.2.1
+
+  scheduler@0.23.2:
+    dependencies:
+      loose-envify: 1.4.0
+
+  semver@6.3.1: {}
+
+  semver@7.8.4: {}
+
+  set-cookie-parser@2.7.2: {}
+
+  set-function-length@1.2.2:
+    dependencies:
+      define-data-property: 1.1.4
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      function-bind: 1.1.2
+      get-intrinsic: 1.3.0
+      gopd: 1.2.0
+      has-property-descriptors: 1.0.2
+
+  set-function-name@2.0.2:
+    dependencies:
+      define-data-property: 1.1.4
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      functions-have-names: 1.2.3
+      has-property-descriptors: 1.0.2
+
+  set-proto@1.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      dunder-proto: 1.0.1
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      es-object-atoms: 1.1.2
+
+  shebang-command@2.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      shebang-regex: 3.0.0
+
+  shebang-regex@3.0.0: {}
+
+  side-channel-list@1.0.1:
+    dependencies:
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      object-inspect: 1.13.4
+
+  side-channel-map@1.0.1:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      get-intrinsic: 1.3.0
+      object-inspect: 1.13.4
+
+  side-channel-weakmap@1.0.2:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      get-intrinsic: 1.3.0
+      object-inspect: 1.13.4
+      side-channel-map: 1.0.1
+
+  side-channel@1.1.1:
+    dependencies:
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      object-inspect: 1.13.4
+      side-channel-list: 1.0.1
+      side-channel-map: 1.0.1
+      side-channel-weakmap: 1.0.2
+
+  source-map-js@1.2.1: {}
+
+  stop-iteration-iterator@1.1.0:
+    dependencies:
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      internal-slot: 1.1.0
+
+  string.prototype.includes@2.0.1:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      define-properties: 1.2.1
+      es-abstract: 1.24.2
+
+  string.prototype.matchall@4.0.12:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      define-properties: 1.2.1
+      es-abstract: 1.24.2
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      es-object-atoms: 1.1.2
+      get-intrinsic: 1.3.0
+      gopd: 1.2.0
+      has-symbols: 1.1.0
+      internal-slot: 1.1.0
+      regexp.prototype.flags: 1.5.4
+      set-function-name: 2.0.2
+      side-channel: 1.1.1
+
+  string.prototype.repeat@1.0.0:
+    dependencies:
+      define-properties: 1.2.1
+      es-abstract: 1.24.2
+
+  string.prototype.trim@1.2.11:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      define-data-property: 1.1.4
+      define-properties: 1.2.1
+      es-abstract: 1.24.2
+      es-object-atoms: 1.1.2
+      has-property-descriptors: 1.0.2
+      safe-regex-test: 1.1.0
+
+  string.prototype.trimend@1.0.10:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      define-properties: 1.2.1
+      es-object-atoms: 1.1.2
+
+  string.prototype.trimstart@1.0.8:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      define-properties: 1.2.1
+      es-object-atoms: 1.1.2
+
+  strip-json-comments@3.1.1: {}
+
+  sucrase@3.35.1:
+    dependencies:
+      '@jridgewell/gen-mapping': 0.3.13
+      commander: 4.1.1
+      lines-and-columns: 1.2.4
+      mz: 2.7.0
+      pirates: 4.0.7
+      tinyglobby: 0.2.16
+      ts-interface-checker: 0.1.13
+
+  supports-color@7.2.0:
+    dependencies:
+      has-flag: 4.0.0
+
+  supports-preserve-symlinks-flag@1.0.0: {}
+
+  tailwind-merge@2.6.1: {}
+
+  tailwindcss-animate@1.0.7(tailwindcss@3.4.19):
+    dependencies:
+      tailwindcss: 3.4.19
+
+  tailwindcss@3.4.19:
+    dependencies:
+      '@alloc/quick-lru': 5.2.0
+      arg: 5.0.2
+      chokidar: 3.6.0
+      didyoumean: 1.2.2
+      dlv: 1.1.3
+      fast-glob: 3.3.3
+      glob-parent: 6.0.2
+      is-glob: 4.0.3
+      jiti: 1.21.7
+      lilconfig: 3.1.3
+      micromatch: 4.0.8
+      normalize-path: 3.0.0
+      object-hash: 3.0.0
+      picocolors: 1.1.1
+      postcss: 8.5.15
+      postcss-import: 15.1.0(postcss@8.5.15)
+      postcss-js: 4.1.0(postcss@8.5.15)
+      postcss-load-config: 6.0.1(jiti@1.21.7)(postcss@8.5.15)
+      postcss-nested: 6.2.0(postcss@8.5.15)
+      postcss-selector-parser: 6.1.2
+      resolve: 1.22.12
+      sucrase: 3.35.1
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - tsx
+      - yaml
+
+  thenify-all@1.6.0:
+    dependencies:
+      thenify: 3.3.1
+
+  thenify@3.3.1:
+    dependencies:
+      any-promise: 1.3.0
+
+  tinyglobby@0.2.16:
+    dependencies:
+      fdir: 6.5.0(picomatch@4.0.4)
+      picomatch: 4.0.4
+
+  to-regex-range@5.0.1:
+    dependencies:
+      is-number: 7.0.0
+
+  ts-api-utils@2.5.0(typescript@5.9.3):
+    dependencies:
+      typescript: 5.9.3
+
+  ts-interface-checker@0.1.13: {}
+
+  tslib@2.8.1: {}
+
+  type-check@0.4.0:
+    dependencies:
+      prelude-ls: 1.2.1
+
+  typed-array-buffer@1.0.3:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      es-errors: 1.3.0
+      is-typed-array: 1.1.15
+
+  typed-array-byte-length@1.0.3:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      for-each: 0.3.5
+      gopd: 1.2.0
+      has-proto: 1.2.0
+      is-typed-array: 1.1.15
+
+  typed-array-byte-offset@1.0.4:
+    dependencies:
+      available-typed-arrays: 1.0.7
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      for-each: 0.3.5
+      gopd: 1.2.0
+      has-proto: 1.2.0
+      is-typed-array: 1.1.15
+      reflect.getprototypeof: 1.0.10
+
+  typed-array-length@1.0.8:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      for-each: 0.3.5
+      gopd: 1.2.0
+      is-typed-array: 1.1.15
+      possible-typed-array-names: 1.1.0
+      reflect.getprototypeof: 1.0.10
+
+  typescript-eslint@8.61.1(eslint@9.39.4(jiti@1.21.7))(typescript@5.9.3):
+    dependencies:
+      '@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin': 8.61.1(@typescript-eslint/parser@8.61.1(eslint@9.39.4(jiti@1.21.7))(typescript@5.9.3))(eslint@9.39.4(jiti@1.21.7))(typescript@5.9.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/parser': 8.61.1(eslint@9.39.4(jiti@1.21.7))(typescript@5.9.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/typescript-estree': 8.61.1(typescript@5.9.3)
+      '@typescript-eslint/utils': 8.61.1(eslint@9.39.4(jiti@1.21.7))(typescript@5.9.3)
+      eslint: 9.39.4(jiti@1.21.7)
+      typescript: 5.9.3
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - supports-color
+
+  typescript@5.9.3: {}
+
+  unbox-primitive@1.1.0:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      has-bigints: 1.1.0
+      has-symbols: 1.1.0
+      which-boxed-primitive: 1.1.1
+
+  undici-types@7.24.6: {}
+
+  update-browserslist-db@1.2.3(browserslist@4.28.2):
+    dependencies:
+      browserslist: 4.28.2
+      escalade: 3.2.0
+      picocolors: 1.1.1
+
+  uri-js@4.4.1:
+    dependencies:
+      punycode: 2.3.1
+
+  use-callback-ref@1.3.3(@types/react@18.3.29)(react@18.3.1):
+    dependencies:
+      react: 18.3.1
+      tslib: 2.8.1
+    optionalDependencies:
+      '@types/react': 18.3.29
+
+  use-sidecar@1.1.3(@types/react@18.3.29)(react@18.3.1):
+    dependencies:
+      detect-node-es: 1.1.0
+      react: 18.3.1
+      tslib: 2.8.1
+    optionalDependencies:
+      '@types/react': 18.3.29
+
+  use-sync-external-store@1.6.0(react@18.3.1):
+    dependencies:
+      react: 18.3.1
+
+  util-deprecate@1.0.2: {}
+
+  vite@6.4.2(@types/node@25.9.1)(jiti@1.21.7):
+    dependencies:
+      esbuild: 0.25.12
+      fdir: 6.5.0(picomatch@4.0.4)
+      picomatch: 4.0.4
+      postcss: 8.5.15
+      rollup: 4.60.4
+      tinyglobby: 0.2.16
+    optionalDependencies:
+      '@types/node': 25.9.1
+      fsevents: 2.3.3
+      jiti: 1.21.7
+
+  void-elements@3.1.0: {}
+
+  which-boxed-primitive@1.1.1:
+    dependencies:
+      is-bigint: 1.1.0
+      is-boolean-object: 1.2.2
+      is-number-object: 1.1.1
+      is-string: 1.1.1
+      is-symbol: 1.1.1
+
+  which-builtin-type@1.2.1:
+    dependencies:
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      function.prototype.name: 1.2.0
+      has-tostringtag: 1.0.2
+      is-async-function: 2.1.1
+      is-date-object: 1.1.0
+      is-finalizationregistry: 1.1.1
+      is-generator-function: 1.1.2
+      is-regex: 1.2.1
+      is-weakref: 1.1.1
+      isarray: 2.0.5
+      which-boxed-primitive: 1.1.1
+      which-collection: 1.0.2
+      which-typed-array: 1.1.22
+
+  which-collection@1.0.2:
+    dependencies:
+      is-map: 2.0.3
+      is-set: 2.0.3
+      is-weakmap: 2.0.2
+      is-weakset: 2.0.4
+
+  which-typed-array@1.1.22:
+    dependencies:
+      available-typed-arrays: 1.0.7
+      call-bind: 1.0.9
+      call-bound: 1.0.4
+      for-each: 0.3.5
+      get-proto: 1.0.1
+      gopd: 1.2.0
+      has-tostringtag: 1.0.2
+
+  which@2.0.2:
+    dependencies:
+      isexe: 2.0.0
+
+  word-wrap@1.2.5: {}
+
+  yallist@3.1.1: {}
+
+  yocto-queue@0.1.0: {}
+
+  zod-validation-error@4.0.2(zod@4.4.3):
+    dependencies:
+      zod: 4.4.3
+
+  zod@4.4.3: {}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/pnpm-workspace.yaml b/client/ui/frontend/pnpm-workspace.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ed0b5af0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/pnpm-workspace.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+allowBuilds:
+  esbuild: true
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/postcss.config.js b/client/ui/frontend/postcss.config.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2aa7205d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/postcss.config.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export default {
+  plugins: {
+    tailwindcss: {},
+    autoprefixer: {},
+  },
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/app.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/app.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f1359510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/app.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import React from "react";
+import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
+import "./globals.css";
+import { HashRouter, Navigate, Route, Routes } from "react-router-dom";
+import SessionExpirationDialog from "@/modules/session/SessionExpirationDialog.tsx";
+import UpdateInProgressDialog from "@/modules/auto-update/UpdateInProgressDialog.tsx";
+import WelcomeDialog from "@/modules/welcome/WelcomeDialog.tsx";
+import ErrorDialog from "@/modules/error/ErrorDialog.tsx";
+import { AppLayout } from "@/layouts/AppLayout.tsx";
+import { MainPage } from "@/modules/main/MainPage.tsx";
+import { SettingsPage } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsPage.tsx";
+import { SkeletonTheme } from "react-loading-skeleton";
+import "react-loading-skeleton/dist/skeleton.css";
+import { welcome } from "@/lib/welcome";
+import LoginWaitingForBrowserDialog from "@/modules/login/LoginWaitingForBrowserDialog.tsx";
+import { initI18n } from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { initPlatform } from "@/lib/platform";
+import { initLogForwarding } from "@/lib/logs";
+import { initStallWatch } from "@/lib/stallwatch";
+
+// Must run first so even init-time logs reach the Go log pipeline.
+initLogForwarding();
+
+initStallWatch();
+
+welcome();
+
+Promise.all([
+    initI18n().catch((e) => {
+        console.error("i18n init failed:", e);
+    }),
+    initPlatform().catch((e) => {
+        console.error("platform init failed:", e);
+    }),
+]).finally(() => {
+    ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")!).render(
+        <React.StrictMode>
+            <SkeletonTheme baseColor={"#25282d"} highlightColor={"#33373e"}>
+                <HashRouter>
+                    <Routes>
+                        <Route path={"dialog"}>
+                            <Route
+                                path={"browser-login"}
+                                element={<LoginWaitingForBrowserDialog />}
+                            />
+                            <Route path={"install-progress"} element={<UpdateInProgressDialog />} />
+                            <Route
+                                path={"session-expiration"}
+                                element={<SessionExpirationDialog />}
+                            />
+                            <Route path={"welcome"} element={<WelcomeDialog />} />
+                            <Route path={"error"} element={<ErrorDialog />} />
+                        </Route>
+                        <Route element={<AppLayout />}>
+                            <Route index element={<MainPage />} />
+                            <Route path={"settings"} element={<SettingsPage />} />
+                            <Route path={"*"} element={<Navigate to={"/"} replace />} />
+                        </Route>
+                    </Routes>
+                </HashRouter>
+            </SkeletonTheme>
+        </React.StrictMode>,
+    );
+});
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/fonts/inter-variable.ttf b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/fonts/inter-variable.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ab79e010
Binary files /dev/null and b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/fonts/inter-variable.ttf differ
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/fonts/jetbrains-mono-variable.ttf b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/fonts/jetbrains-mono-variable.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b60e77f5d
Binary files /dev/null and b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/fonts/jetbrains-mono-variable.ttf differ
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/img/tray-darwin.png b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/img/tray-darwin.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75df803d8
Binary files /dev/null and b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/img/tray-darwin.png differ
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/img/tray-linux.png b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/img/tray-linux.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08cea81af
Binary files /dev/null and b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/img/tray-linux.png differ
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/img/tray-windows.png b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/img/tray-windows.png
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cebbf6153
Binary files /dev/null and b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/img/tray-windows.png differ
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/logos/netbird-full.svg b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/logos/netbird-full.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f925d5761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/logos/netbird-full.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<svg width="133" height="23" viewBox="0 0 133 23" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<g clip-path="url(#clip0_0_3)">
+<path d="M46.9438 7.5013C48.1229 8.64688 48.7082 10.3025 48.7082 12.4683V21.6663H46.1411V12.8362C46.1411 11.2809 45.7481 10.0851 44.9704 9.26566C44.1928 8.43783 43.1308 8.0281 41.7846 8.0281C40.4383 8.0281 39.3345 8.45455 38.5234 9.30747C37.7123 10.1604 37.3109 11.4063 37.3109 13.0369V21.6663H34.7188V6.06305H37.3109V8.28732C37.821 7.49294 38.5234 6.87416 39.4014 6.43934C40.2878 6.00452 41.2578 5.78711 42.3197 5.78711C44.2179 5.78711 45.7565 6.36408 46.9355 7.50966L46.9438 7.5013Z" fill="#F2F2F2"/>
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+<path d="M73.7695 8.20355V17.4016C73.7695 18.1626 73.9284 18.6977 74.2545 19.0071C74.5806 19.3165 75.1409 19.4754 75.9352 19.4754H77.8418V21.6662H75.5088C74.0622 21.6662 72.9835 21.3317 72.2644 20.6711C71.5452 20.0105 71.1857 18.9151 71.1857 17.3933V8.19519H69.1621V6.0629H71.1857V2.13281H73.7779V6.0629H77.8501V8.19519H73.7779L73.7695 8.20355Z" fill="#F2F2F2"/>
+<path d="M85.9022 6.68902C86.9307 6.10369 88.093 5.80266 89.4058 5.80266C90.8106 5.80266 92.0732 6.13714 93.1937 6.79773C94.3142 7.46668 95.2006 8.39485 95.8444 9.59896C96.4883 10.8031 96.8144 12.2079 96.8144 13.7966C96.8144 15.3854 96.4883 16.7818 95.8444 18.011C95.2006 19.2486 94.3142 20.2018 93.1854 20.8875C92.0565 21.5732 90.7939 21.916 89.4141 21.916C88.0344 21.916 86.8805 21.6234 85.8687 21.0297C84.8569 20.4443 84.0876 19.6918 83.5775 18.7803V21.6568H80.9854V0.601562H83.5775V8.97182C84.1127 8.04365 84.8904 7.28272 85.9105 6.69738L85.9022 6.68902ZM93.4529 10.7362C92.9763 9.86654 92.3408 9.19759 91.5297 8.74605C90.7186 8.29451 89.8322 8.06037 88.8706 8.06037C87.909 8.06037 87.0394 8.29451 86.2366 8.75441C85.4255 9.22268 84.7817 9.89163 84.2967 10.778C83.8117 11.6643 83.5692 12.6845 83.5692 13.8384C83.5692 14.9924 83.8117 16.046 84.2967 16.9323C84.7817 17.8187 85.4255 18.4877 86.2366 18.9559C87.0394 19.4242 87.9174 19.65 88.8706 19.65C89.8239 19.65 90.727 19.4158 91.5297 18.9559C92.3324 18.4877 92.9763 17.8187 93.4529 16.9323C93.9296 16.046 94.1637 15.0091 94.1637 13.8134C94.1637 12.6176 93.9296 11.6142 93.4529 10.7362Z" fill="#F2F2F2"/>
+<path d="M100.318 3.01864C99.9749 2.67581 99.8076 2.25771 99.8076 1.76436C99.8076 1.27101 99.9749 0.852913 100.318 0.510076C100.661 0.167238 101.079 0 101.572 0C102.065 0 102.45 0.167238 102.784 0.510076C103.119 0.852913 103.286 1.27101 103.286 1.76436C103.286 2.25771 103.119 2.67581 102.784 3.01864C102.45 3.36148 102.049 3.52872 101.572 3.52872C101.095 3.52872 100.661 3.36148 100.318 3.01864ZM102.826 6.06237V21.6657H100.234V6.06237H102.826Z" fill="#F2F2F2"/>
+<path d="M111.773 6.52155C112.617 6.0282 113.646 5.77734 114.867 5.77734V8.45315H114.181C111.28 8.45315 109.825 10.0252 109.825 13.1776V21.6649H107.232V6.06165H109.825V8.5953C110.276 7.70058 110.928 7.00654 111.773 6.51319V6.52155Z" fill="#F2F2F2"/>
+<path d="M117.861 9.60732C118.505 8.40321 119.391 7.46668 120.52 6.80609C121.649 6.1455 122.92 5.81102 124.325 5.81102C125.537 5.81102 126.666 6.09533 127.711 6.64721C128.757 7.20746 129.551 7.94331 130.103 8.85475V0.601562H132.72V21.6735H130.103V18.7385C129.593 19.6667 128.832 20.436 127.828 21.0297C126.825 21.6317 125.646 21.9244 124.3 21.9244C122.953 21.9244 121.657 21.5816 120.528 20.8959C119.4 20.2102 118.513 19.257 117.869 18.0194C117.226 16.7818 116.899 15.377 116.899 13.805C116.899 12.233 117.226 10.8114 117.869 9.60732H117.861ZM129.392 10.7613C128.915 9.89163 128.28 9.22268 127.469 8.75441C126.658 8.28614 125.771 8.06037 124.81 8.06037C123.848 8.06037 122.962 8.28614 122.159 8.74605C121.356 9.20595 120.729 9.86654 120.253 10.7362C119.776 11.6058 119.542 12.6343 119.542 13.8134C119.542 14.9924 119.776 16.046 120.253 16.9323C120.729 17.8187 121.365 18.4877 122.159 18.9559C122.953 19.4242 123.84 19.65 124.81 19.65C125.78 19.65 126.666 19.4158 127.469 18.9559C128.272 18.4877 128.915 17.8187 129.392 16.9323C129.869 16.046 130.103 15.0175 130.103 13.8384C130.103 12.6594 129.869 11.6393 129.392 10.7613Z" fill="#F2F2F2"/>
+<path d="M21.4651 0.568359C17.8193 0.902835 16.0047 3.00167 15.3191 4.06363L4.66602 22.5183H17.5182L30.1949 0.568359H21.4651Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+<path d="M17.5265 22.5187L0 3.9302C0 3.9302 19.8177 -1.39633 21.7493 15.2188L17.5265 22.5187Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+<path d="M14.9255 4.75055L9.54883 14.0657L17.5177 22.5196L21.7405 15.2029C21.0715 9.49174 18.287 6.37276 14.9255 4.74219" fill="#F35E32"/>
+</g>
+<defs>
+<clipPath id="clip0_0_3">
+<rect width="132.72" height="22.5186" fill="white"/>
+</clipPath>
+</defs>
+</svg>
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/logos/netbird.svg b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/logos/netbird.svg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6254931c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/assets/logos/netbird.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<svg width="31" height="23" viewBox="0 0 31 23" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+<path d="M21.4631 0.523438C17.8173 0.857913 16.0028 2.95675 15.3171 4.01871L4.66406 22.4734H17.5163L30.1929 0.523438H21.4631Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+<path d="M17.5265 22.4737L0 3.88525C0 3.88525 19.8177 -1.44128 21.7493 15.1738L17.5265 22.4737Z" fill="#F68330"/>
+<path d="M14.9236 4.70563L9.54688 14.0208L17.5158 22.4747L21.7385 15.158C21.0696 9.44682 18.2851 6.32784 14.9236 4.69727" fill="#F05252"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/Badge.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/Badge.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5e2b5f22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/Badge.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { forwardRef, type ComponentType, type HTMLAttributes } from "react";
+import type { LucideProps } from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+export type BadgeVariant = "info" | "neutral" | "brand" | "success" | "warning" | "danger";
+
+type Props = HTMLAttributes<HTMLSpanElement> & {
+    variant?: BadgeVariant;
+    icon?: ComponentType<LucideProps>;
+    iconSize?: number;
+};
+
+const VARIANT_CLASSES: Record<BadgeVariant, string> = {
+    info: "bg-sky-900 border border-sky-700 text-sky-200",
+    neutral: "bg-nb-gray-900 border border-nb-gray-850 text-nb-gray-200",
+    brand: "bg-netbird/15 border border-netbird/30 text-netbird",
+    success: "bg-green-900 border border-green-700 text-green-200",
+    warning: "bg-yellow-900 border border-yellow-700 text-yellow-200",
+    danger: "bg-red-900 border border-red-700 text-red-200",
+};
+
+export const Badge = forwardRef<HTMLSpanElement, Props>(function Badge(
+    { variant = "info", icon: Icon, iconSize = 10, className, children, ...rest },
+    ref,
+) {
+    return (
+        <span
+            ref={ref}
+            className={cn(
+                "relative top-px inline-flex items-center gap-1 rounded-full px-1.5 py-[0.15rem]",
+                "shrink-0 text-[0.64rem] font-semibold leading-none",
+                VARIANT_CLASSES[variant],
+                className,
+            )}
+            {...rest}
+        >
+            {Icon && <Icon size={iconSize} aria-hidden={"true"} />}
+            {children}
+        </span>
+    );
+});
+
+export default Badge;
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/CopyToClipboard.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/CopyToClipboard.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3cf681a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/CopyToClipboard.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState, type KeyboardEvent, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Check, Copy } from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+const VARIANT_HOVER = {
+    default: "group-hover/copy:[&_*]:text-nb-gray-300",
+    bright: "group-hover/copy:[&_*]:text-nb-gray-200",
+} as const;
+
+type CopyToClipboardVariant = keyof typeof VARIANT_HOVER;
+
+type CopyToClipboardProps = {
+    children: ReactNode;
+    message?: string;
+    size?: number;
+    iconAlignment?: "left" | "right";
+    className?: string;
+    iconClassName?: string;
+    alwaysShowIcon?: boolean;
+    // wrap lets long content (a shell command, a path) break across lines
+    // instead of being truncated to one line.
+    wrap?: boolean;
+    variant?: CopyToClipboardVariant;
+    "aria-label"?: string;
+    tabIndex?: number;
+    onKeyDown?: (e: KeyboardEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => void;
+};
+
+export const CopyToClipboard = ({
+    children,
+    message,
+    size = 10,
+    iconAlignment = "right",
+    className,
+    iconClassName,
+    alwaysShowIcon = false,
+    wrap = false,
+    variant = "default",
+    "aria-label": ariaLabel,
+    tabIndex = 0,
+    onKeyDown,
+}: CopyToClipboardProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const wrapperRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
+    const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+    const copyTimer = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+    useEffect(
+        () => () => {
+            if (copyTimer.current) clearTimeout(copyTimer.current);
+        },
+        [],
+    );
+
+    const handleClick = async (e: React.MouseEvent) => {
+        e.stopPropagation();
+        e.preventDefault();
+        const text = message ?? wrapperRef.current?.innerText ?? "";
+        if (!text) return;
+        try {
+            await navigator.clipboard.writeText(text);
+            setCopied(true);
+            if (copyTimer.current) clearTimeout(copyTimer.current);
+            copyTimer.current = setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 500);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.warn("copy to clipboard failed", e);
+        }
+    };
+
+    const resolvedLabel =
+        ariaLabel ?? (message ? `${t("common.copy")} ${message}` : t("common.copy"));
+
+    return (
+        <button
+            type={"button"}
+            ref={wrapperRef}
+            onClick={handleClick}
+            onKeyDown={onKeyDown}
+            tabIndex={tabIndex}
+            aria-label={resolvedLabel}
+            aria-live={"polite"}
+            className={cn(
+                "group/copy wails-no-draggable pointer-events-auto inline-flex cursor-default items-center gap-2 rounded-sm text-left outline-none",
+                "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                className,
+            )}
+        >
+            <span
+                className={cn(
+                    "relative min-w-0",
+                    wrap ? "whitespace-pre-wrap break-all" : "truncate",
+                    "[&_*]:transition-colors",
+                    VARIANT_HOVER[variant],
+                )}
+            >
+                {children}
+                <span
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={
+                        "pointer-events-none absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 border-b border-dashed border-transparent group-hover/copy:border-nb-gray-500"
+                    }
+                />
+            </span>
+            <span
+                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                className={cn(
+                    "relative right-[1px] top-[2px] inline-flex shrink-0",
+                    iconAlignment === "left" ? "order-first" : "order-last",
+                    iconClassName,
+                )}
+            >
+                <Check
+                    size={size}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "text-nb-gray-100",
+                        !copied && "hidden",
+                        !alwaysShowIcon && !copied && "opacity-0",
+                    )}
+                />
+                <Copy
+                    size={size}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "text-nb-gray-100 group-hover/copy:opacity-100",
+                        copied && "hidden",
+                        !alwaysShowIcon && "opacity-0",
+                    )}
+                />
+            </span>
+        </button>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/DropdownMenu.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/DropdownMenu.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d43c37e1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/DropdownMenu.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+import * as DropdownMenuPrimitive from "@radix-ui/react-dropdown-menu";
+import { cva } from "class-variance-authority";
+import { Check, ChevronRight, Circle } from "lucide-react";
+import * as React from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+const DropdownMenu = DropdownMenuPrimitive.Root;
+const DropdownMenuTrigger = DropdownMenuPrimitive.Trigger;
+const DropdownMenuGroup = DropdownMenuPrimitive.Group;
+const DropdownMenuPortal = DropdownMenuPrimitive.Portal;
+const DropdownMenuSub = DropdownMenuPrimitive.Sub;
+const DropdownMenuRadioGroup = DropdownMenuPrimitive.RadioGroup;
+
+const menuItemVariants = cva("", {
+    variants: {
+        variant: {
+            default:
+                "text-nb-gray-200 hover:bg-nb-gray-900 hover:text-nb-gray-50 focus-visible:bg-nb-gray-900 focus-visible:text-nb-gray-50 data-[state=open]:bg-nb-gray-900 data-[state=open]:text-nb-gray-50",
+            danger: "text-red-500 hover:bg-red-900/20 hover:text-red-500 focus-visible:bg-red-900/20 focus-visible:text-red-500",
+        },
+    },
+    defaultVariants: { variant: "default" },
+});
+
+const DropdownMenuSubTrigger = React.forwardRef<
+    React.ElementRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.SubTrigger>,
+    React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.SubTrigger> & {
+        inset?: boolean;
+        variant?: "default" | "danger";
+    }
+>(({ className, inset, children, variant, ...props }, ref) => (
+    <DropdownMenuPrimitive.SubTrigger
+        ref={ref}
+        className={cn(
+            "relative flex cursor-default select-none items-center rounded-md py-1.5 pl-3 pr-2 text-sm outline-none",
+            "transition-colors data-[disabled]:pointer-events-none data-[disabled]:opacity-50",
+            inset && "pl-8",
+            menuItemVariants({ variant }),
+            className,
+        )}
+        {...props}
+    >
+        {children}
+        <ChevronRight className={"ml-auto h-4 w-4"} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+    </DropdownMenuPrimitive.SubTrigger>
+));
+DropdownMenuSubTrigger.displayName = DropdownMenuPrimitive.SubTrigger.displayName;
+
+const DropdownMenuSubContent = React.forwardRef<
+    React.ElementRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.SubContent>,
+    React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.SubContent>
+>(({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
+    <DropdownMenuPrimitive.SubContent
+        ref={ref}
+        className={cn(
+            "z-50 min-w-[8rem] overflow-hidden rounded-md border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-930 p-1 text-nb-gray-200 shadow-lg",
+            "data-[state=open]:animate-in data-[state=closed]:animate-out",
+            "data-[state=closed]:fade-out-0 data-[state=open]:fade-in-0",
+            "data-[state=closed]:zoom-out-95 data-[state=open]:zoom-in-95",
+            "data-[side=bottom]:slide-in-from-top-2 data-[side=left]:slide-in-from-right-2",
+            "data-[side=right]:slide-in-from-left-2 data-[side=top]:slide-in-from-bottom-2",
+            className,
+        )}
+        {...props}
+    />
+));
+DropdownMenuSubContent.displayName = DropdownMenuPrimitive.SubContent.displayName;
+
+const DropdownMenuContent = React.forwardRef<
+    React.ElementRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.Content>,
+    React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.Content>
+>(({ className, sideOffset = 4, ...props }, ref) => (
+    <DropdownMenuPrimitive.Portal>
+        <DropdownMenuPrimitive.Content
+            ref={ref}
+            sideOffset={sideOffset}
+            className={cn(
+                "z-50 min-w-[8rem] overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-935 p-1 text-nb-gray-200 shadow-lg",
+                "data-[state=open]:animate-in data-[state=closed]:animate-out",
+                "data-[state=closed]:fade-out-0 data-[state=open]:fade-in-0",
+                "data-[state=closed]:zoom-out-95 data-[state=open]:zoom-in-95",
+                "data-[side=bottom]:slide-in-from-top-2 data-[side=left]:slide-in-from-right-2",
+                "data-[side=right]:slide-in-from-left-2 data-[side=top]:slide-in-from-bottom-2",
+                className,
+            )}
+            {...props}
+        />
+    </DropdownMenuPrimitive.Portal>
+));
+DropdownMenuContent.displayName = DropdownMenuPrimitive.Content.displayName;
+
+const DropdownMenuItem = React.forwardRef<
+    React.ElementRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.Item>,
+    React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.Item> & {
+        inset?: boolean;
+        variant?: "default" | "danger";
+        href?: string;
+        target?: string;
+        rel?: string;
+    }
+>(({ className, inset, variant, onClick, href, target, rel, children, ...props }, ref) => (
+    <DropdownMenuPrimitive.Item
+        ref={ref}
+        className={cn(
+            "relative flex cursor-default select-none items-center rounded-md py-1.5 pl-2 pr-2 text-sm outline-none",
+            "transition-colors data-[disabled]:pointer-events-none data-[disabled]:opacity-50",
+            inset && "pl-8",
+            menuItemVariants({ variant }),
+            className,
+        )}
+        onClick={(e) => {
+            if (href) return;
+            e.preventDefault();
+            e.stopPropagation();
+            onClick?.(e);
+        }}
+        {...props}
+    >
+        {href ? (
+            <a href={href} target={target} rel={rel} className={"flex w-full items-center gap-3"}>
+                {children}
+            </a>
+        ) : (
+            children
+        )}
+    </DropdownMenuPrimitive.Item>
+));
+DropdownMenuItem.displayName = DropdownMenuPrimitive.Item.displayName;
+
+const DropdownMenuCheckboxItem = React.forwardRef<
+    React.ElementRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.CheckboxItem>,
+    React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.CheckboxItem>
+>(({ className, children, checked, ...props }, ref) => (
+    <DropdownMenuPrimitive.CheckboxItem
+        ref={ref}
+        className={cn(
+            "relative flex cursor-default select-none items-center rounded-sm py-1.5 pl-8 pr-2 text-sm outline-none",
+            "text-nb-gray-200 transition-colors hover:bg-nb-gray-900 hover:text-nb-gray-50 focus-visible:bg-nb-gray-900 focus-visible:text-nb-gray-50",
+            "data-[disabled]:pointer-events-none data-[disabled]:opacity-50",
+            className,
+        )}
+        checked={checked}
+        {...props}
+    >
+        <span className={"absolute left-2 flex h-3.5 w-3.5 items-center justify-center"}>
+            <DropdownMenuPrimitive.ItemIndicator>
+                <Check className={"h-4 w-4"} />
+            </DropdownMenuPrimitive.ItemIndicator>
+        </span>
+        {children}
+    </DropdownMenuPrimitive.CheckboxItem>
+));
+DropdownMenuCheckboxItem.displayName = DropdownMenuPrimitive.CheckboxItem.displayName;
+
+const DropdownMenuRadioItem = React.forwardRef<
+    React.ElementRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.RadioItem>,
+    React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.RadioItem>
+>(({ className, children, ...props }, ref) => (
+    <DropdownMenuPrimitive.RadioItem
+        ref={ref}
+        className={cn(
+            "relative flex cursor-default select-none items-center rounded-sm py-1.5 pl-8 pr-2 text-sm outline-none",
+            "text-nb-gray-200 transition-colors hover:bg-nb-gray-900 hover:text-nb-gray-50 focus-visible:bg-nb-gray-900 focus-visible:text-nb-gray-50",
+            "data-[disabled]:pointer-events-none data-[disabled]:opacity-50",
+            className,
+        )}
+        {...props}
+    >
+        <span className={"absolute left-2 flex h-3.5 w-3.5 items-center justify-center"}>
+            <DropdownMenuPrimitive.ItemIndicator>
+                <Circle className={"h-2 w-2 fill-current"} />
+            </DropdownMenuPrimitive.ItemIndicator>
+        </span>
+        {children}
+    </DropdownMenuPrimitive.RadioItem>
+));
+DropdownMenuRadioItem.displayName = DropdownMenuPrimitive.RadioItem.displayName;
+
+const DropdownMenuLabel = React.forwardRef<
+    React.ElementRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.Label>,
+    React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.Label> & {
+        inset?: boolean;
+    }
+>(({ className, inset, ...props }, ref) => (
+    <DropdownMenuPrimitive.Label
+        ref={ref}
+        className={cn(
+            "px-2 py-1.5 text-sm font-semibold text-nb-gray-200",
+            inset && "pl-8",
+            className,
+        )}
+        {...props}
+    />
+));
+DropdownMenuLabel.displayName = DropdownMenuPrimitive.Label.displayName;
+
+const DropdownMenuSeparator = React.forwardRef<
+    React.ElementRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.Separator>,
+    React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DropdownMenuPrimitive.Separator>
+>(({ className, ...props }, ref) => (
+    <DropdownMenuPrimitive.Separator
+        ref={ref}
+        className={cn("-mx-1 my-1 h-px bg-nb-gray-910", className)}
+        {...props}
+    />
+));
+DropdownMenuSeparator.displayName = DropdownMenuPrimitive.Separator.displayName;
+
+const DropdownMenuShortcut = ({ className, ...props }: React.HTMLAttributes<HTMLSpanElement>) => (
+    <span
+        className={cn("ml-auto text-xs tracking-widest text-nb-gray-100 opacity-60", className)}
+        {...props}
+    />
+);
+DropdownMenuShortcut.displayName = "DropdownMenuShortcut";
+
+export {
+    DropdownMenu,
+    DropdownMenuCheckboxItem,
+    DropdownMenuContent,
+    DropdownMenuGroup,
+    DropdownMenuItem,
+    DropdownMenuLabel,
+    DropdownMenuPortal,
+    DropdownMenuRadioGroup,
+    DropdownMenuRadioItem,
+    DropdownMenuSeparator,
+    DropdownMenuShortcut,
+    DropdownMenuSub,
+    DropdownMenuSubContent,
+    DropdownMenuSubTrigger,
+    DropdownMenuTrigger,
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/LanguagePicker.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/LanguagePicker.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a30f8b33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/LanguagePicker.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import * as Popover from "@radix-ui/react-popover";
+import * as ScrollArea from "@radix-ui/react-scroll-area";
+import { Command } from "cmdk";
+import { CheckIcon, ChevronDown, LanguagesIcon, Search } from "lucide-react";
+import { Preferences } from "@bindings/services";
+import { type LanguageCode, type Language } from "@bindings/i18n/models.js";
+import { HelpText } from "@/components/typography/HelpText";
+import { Label } from "@/components/typography/Label";
+import { useFocusVisible } from "@/hooks/useFocusVisible";
+import { loadLanguages } from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+// No flag icons: flags represent countries, not languages. https://www.flagsarenotlanguages.com/blog/
+
+const labelFor = (lang: Language): string =>
+    lang.englishName && lang.englishName !== lang.displayName
+        ? `${lang.displayName} (${lang.englishName})`
+        : lang.displayName;
+
+export function LanguagePicker() {
+    const { t, i18n } = useTranslation();
+    const [languages, setLanguages] = useState<Language[]>([]);
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+    const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+    const isFocusVisible = useFocusVisible();
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        let cancelled = false;
+        loadLanguages()
+            .then((list) => {
+                if (!cancelled) setLanguages(list);
+            })
+            .catch((err: unknown) => console.error("load languages failed", err));
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    const sorted = useMemo(
+        () => [...languages].sort((a, b) => a.displayName.localeCompare(b.displayName)),
+        [languages],
+    );
+
+    const current = useMemo(
+        () =>
+            languages.find((l) => l.code === i18n.language) ??
+            languages.find((l) => l.code === "en"),
+        [languages, i18n.language],
+    );
+
+    const handleTriggerKeyDown = (e: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => {
+        if (open) return;
+        if (e.key === "ArrowDown" || e.key === "ArrowUp") {
+            e.preventDefault();
+            setOpen(true);
+        }
+    };
+
+    const select = async (code: string) => {
+        setOpen(false);
+        if (busy || code === i18n.language) return;
+        setBusy(true);
+        try {
+            await Preferences.SetLanguage(code as LanguageCode);
+        } catch (e) {
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: t("settings.error.saveTitle"),
+                Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+            });
+        } finally {
+            setBusy(false);
+        }
+    };
+
+    return (
+        <div className={"flex items-center justify-between gap-6"}>
+            <div className={"max-w-md flex-1"}>
+                <Label as={"div"}>{t("settings.general.language.label")}</Label>
+                <HelpText margin={false}>{t("settings.general.language.help")}</HelpText>
+            </div>
+            <div className={"shrink-0"}>
+                <Popover.Root open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+                    <Popover.Trigger asChild>
+                        <button
+                            type={"button"}
+                            tabIndex={0}
+                            disabled={busy || languages.length === 0}
+                            onKeyDown={handleTriggerKeyDown}
+                            aria-label={t("settings.general.language.label")}
+                            aria-haspopup={"listbox"}
+                            aria-expanded={open}
+                            className={cn(
+                                "inline-flex h-[40px] min-w-[240px] items-center gap-2 px-3",
+                                "rounded-md border bg-white dark:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                                "border-neutral-200 dark:border-nb-gray-700",
+                                "cursor-default text-xs font-semibold text-nb-gray-100 outline-none",
+                                "hover:border-nb-gray-600 data-[state=open]:border-nb-gray-600",
+                                isFocusVisible &&
+                                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                                "disabled:opacity-50",
+                            )}
+                        >
+                            <LanguagesIcon
+                                size={16}
+                                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                className={"shrink-0 text-nb-gray-200"}
+                            />
+                            <span className={"flex-1 truncate text-left"}>
+                                {current ? labelFor(current) : "—"}
+                            </span>
+                            <ChevronDown
+                                size={12}
+                                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                className={"shrink-0 text-nb-gray-400"}
+                            />
+                        </button>
+                    </Popover.Trigger>
+
+                    <Popover.Portal>
+                        <Popover.Content
+                            align={"start"}
+                            sideOffset={6}
+                            className={cn(
+                                "w-[var(--radix-popover-trigger-width)]",
+                                "z-50 rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-850 bg-nb-gray-920 p-1 shadow-lg",
+                                "data-[side=bottom]:origin-top data-[side=top]:origin-bottom",
+                                "data-[state=open]:animate-in",
+                                "data-[state=open]:fade-in-0",
+                                "data-[state=open]:zoom-in-95",
+                                "data-[side=bottom]:slide-in-from-top-1",
+                                "data-[side=top]:slide-in-from-bottom-1",
+                                "duration-150 ease-out",
+                            )}
+                        >
+                            <Command
+                                loop
+                                className={cn(
+                                    "flex flex-col",
+                                    "[&_[cmdk-input-wrapper]]:flex [&_[cmdk-input-wrapper]]:items-center",
+                                )}
+                            >
+                                <div className={"px-1 pb-1"}>
+                                    <div
+                                        role={"search"}
+                                        className={"group flex h-8 items-center gap-2 px-1"}
+                                    >
+                                        <Search
+                                            size={14}
+                                            aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                            className={"shrink-0 text-nb-gray-200"}
+                                        />
+                                        <Command.Input
+                                            autoFocus
+                                            placeholder={t("settings.general.language.search")}
+                                            aria-label={t("settings.general.language.search")}
+                                            className={cn(
+                                                "w-full bg-transparent text-xs text-nb-gray-100 placeholder:text-nb-gray-300",
+                                                "border-none outline-none",
+                                            )}
+                                        />
+                                    </div>
+                                </div>
+
+                                <ScrollArea.Root type={"auto"} className={"-mx-1 overflow-hidden"}>
+                                    <ScrollArea.Viewport className={"max-h-64 px-1"}>
+                                        <Command.List>
+                                            <Command.Empty>
+                                                <div
+                                                    className={
+                                                        "px-3 py-4 text-center text-[0.7rem] text-nb-gray-400"
+                                                    }
+                                                >
+                                                    {t("settings.general.language.empty")}
+                                                </div>
+                                            </Command.Empty>
+
+                                            {sorted.map((lang) => {
+                                                const checked = lang.code === i18n.language;
+                                                return (
+                                                    <Command.Item
+                                                        key={lang.code}
+                                                        value={`${lang.displayName} ${lang.englishName} ${lang.code}`}
+                                                        onSelect={() => void select(lang.code)}
+                                                        className={cn(
+                                                            "my-0.5 flex cursor-default items-center gap-2 rounded-md px-2 py-2 outline-none",
+                                                            "text-xs font-semibold text-nb-gray-200",
+                                                            "data-[selected=true]:bg-nb-gray-850 data-[selected=true]:text-nb-gray-50",
+                                                        )}
+                                                    >
+                                                        <span className={"min-w-0 flex-1 truncate"}>
+                                                            {labelFor(lang)}
+                                                        </span>
+                                                        <span
+                                                            aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                                            className={
+                                                                "flex w-4 shrink-0 items-center justify-center"
+                                                            }
+                                                        >
+                                                            {checked && (
+                                                                <CheckIcon
+                                                                    size={14}
+                                                                    className={"text-netbird"}
+                                                                />
+                                                            )}
+                                                        </span>
+                                                    </Command.Item>
+                                                );
+                                            })}
+                                        </Command.List>
+                                    </ScrollArea.Viewport>
+                                    <ScrollArea.Scrollbar
+                                        orientation={"vertical"}
+                                        className={cn(
+                                            "flex touch-none select-none transition-colors",
+                                            "w-1.5 bg-transparent py-1",
+                                        )}
+                                    >
+                                        <ScrollArea.Thumb
+                                            className={
+                                                "relative flex-1 rounded-full bg-nb-gray-800 hover:bg-nb-gray-700"
+                                            }
+                                        />
+                                    </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
+                                </ScrollArea.Root>
+                            </Command>
+                        </Popover.Content>
+                    </Popover.Portal>
+                </Popover.Root>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/ManagementServerSwitch.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/ManagementServerSwitch.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0083a767a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/ManagementServerSwitch.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import netbirdLogo from "@/assets/logos/netbird.svg";
+import { SwitchItem } from "@/components/switches/SwitchItem";
+import { SwitchItemGroup } from "@/components/switches/SwitchItemGroup";
+import { ManagementMode } from "@/hooks/useManagementUrl.ts";
+
+type Props = {
+    value: ManagementMode;
+    onChange: (mode: ManagementMode) => void;
+    fullWidth?: boolean;
+};
+
+export const ManagementServerSwitch = ({ value, onChange, fullWidth = false }: Props) => {
+    const { t, i18n } = useTranslation();
+    const itemClass = fullWidth ? "flex-1" : undefined;
+    return (
+        <SwitchItemGroup
+            key={i18n.language}
+            value={value}
+            onChange={(v) => onChange(v as ManagementMode)}
+            aria-label={t("settings.general.management.label")}
+            className={fullWidth ? "w-full" : undefined}
+        >
+            <SwitchItem value={ManagementMode.Cloud} className={itemClass}>
+                <img
+                    src={netbirdLogo}
+                    alt={""}
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={"aspect-[31/23] h-[0.8rem] shrink-0"}
+                />
+                {t("settings.general.management.cloud")}
+            </SwitchItem>
+            <SwitchItem value={ManagementMode.SelfHosted} className={itemClass}>
+                {t("settings.general.management.selfHosted")}
+            </SwitchItem>
+        </SwitchItemGroup>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/ReadySignal.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/ReadySignal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d040cabc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/ReadySignal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext.tsx";
+
+const EVENT_WINDOW_PAINTED = "netbird:window-painted";
+
+export const ReadySignal = () => {
+    const { isReady } = useStatus();
+    const sent = useRef(false);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!isReady || sent.current) return;
+        sent.current = true;
+        void Events.Emit(EVENT_WINDOW_PAINTED);
+    }, [isReady]);
+
+    return null;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/SquareIcon.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/SquareIcon.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e904d2de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/SquareIcon.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { type ComponentType } from "react";
+import { type LucideProps } from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+export type SquareIconVariant = "default" | "info" | "warning" | "danger";
+
+const variantClass: Record<SquareIconVariant, string> = {
+    default: "text-white",
+    info: "text-sky-400",
+    warning: "text-netbird",
+    danger: "text-red-500",
+};
+
+type SquareIconProps = {
+    icon: ComponentType<LucideProps>;
+    iconSize?: number;
+    variant?: SquareIconVariant;
+    className?: string;
+};
+
+export const SquareIcon = ({
+    icon: Icon,
+    iconSize = 18,
+    variant = "default",
+    className,
+}: SquareIconProps) => (
+    <div
+        aria-hidden={"true"}
+        className={cn(
+            "flex h-11 w-11 items-center justify-center rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-920",
+            variantClass[variant],
+            className,
+        )}
+    >
+        <Icon size={iconSize} />
+    </div>
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/Tooltip.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/Tooltip.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c77ba139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/Tooltip.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { type ReactNode, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import * as RTooltip from "@radix-ui/react-tooltip";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type Props = {
+    content: ReactNode;
+    children: ReactNode;
+    side?: RTooltip.TooltipContentProps["side"];
+    align?: RTooltip.TooltipContentProps["align"];
+    delayDuration?: number;
+    sideOffset?: number;
+    alignOffset?: number;
+    interactive?: boolean;
+    keepOpenOnClick?: boolean;
+    contentClassName?: string;
+    closeDelay?: number;
+};
+
+export const Tooltip = ({
+    content,
+    children,
+    side = "bottom",
+    align = "center",
+    delayDuration = 200,
+    sideOffset = 6,
+    alignOffset = 0,
+    interactive = false,
+    keepOpenOnClick = true,
+    contentClassName,
+    closeDelay = 0,
+}: Props) => {
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+    const hoveringRef = useRef(false);
+    const closeTimer = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+
+    const cancelClose = () => {
+        if (closeTimer.current) {
+            clearTimeout(closeTimer.current);
+            closeTimer.current = null;
+        }
+    };
+    const scheduleClose = () => {
+        cancelClose();
+        if (closeDelay <= 0) {
+            setOpen(false);
+            return;
+        }
+        closeTimer.current = setTimeout(() => setOpen(false), closeDelay);
+    };
+    useEffect(() => () => cancelClose(), []);
+
+    const handleOpenChange = (next: boolean) => {
+        if (!next && keepOpenOnClick && hoveringRef.current) return;
+        if (next) cancelClose();
+        setOpen(next);
+    };
+
+    return (
+        <RTooltip.Provider delayDuration={delayDuration} disableHoverableContent={!interactive}>
+            <RTooltip.Root open={open} onOpenChange={handleOpenChange}>
+                <RTooltip.Trigger
+                    asChild
+                    onPointerEnter={() => {
+                        hoveringRef.current = true;
+                        cancelClose();
+                    }}
+                    onPointerLeave={() => {
+                        hoveringRef.current = false;
+                        scheduleClose();
+                    }}
+                >
+                    {children}
+                </RTooltip.Trigger>
+                <RTooltip.Portal>
+                    <RTooltip.Content
+                        side={side}
+                        align={align}
+                        sideOffset={sideOffset}
+                        alignOffset={alignOffset}
+                        onPointerEnter={interactive ? cancelClose : undefined}
+                        onPointerLeave={interactive ? scheduleClose : undefined}
+                        onPointerDownOutside={interactive ? undefined : (e) => e.preventDefault()}
+                        className={cn(
+                            "z-50 select-none text-xs text-nb-gray-100 shadow-lg",
+                            "data-[state=delayed-open]:animate-in data-[state=closed]:animate-out",
+                            "data-[state=closed]:fade-out-0 data-[state=delayed-open]:fade-in-0",
+                            !interactive && "pointer-events-none",
+                            contentClassName ??
+                                "rounded-md border border-nb-gray-850 bg-nb-gray-900 px-2 py-1",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        {content}
+                    </RTooltip.Content>
+                </RTooltip.Portal>
+            </RTooltip.Root>
+        </RTooltip.Provider>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/TruncatedText.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/TruncatedText.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b2d2160c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/TruncatedText.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { Tooltip } from "@/components/Tooltip";
+
+type Props = {
+    text: string;
+    className?: string;
+    tooltipContent?: ReactNode;
+    delayDuration?: number;
+};
+
+export const TruncatedText = ({ text, className, tooltipContent, delayDuration = 600 }: Props) => {
+    const ref = useRef<HTMLSpanElement>(null);
+    const [overflowing, setOverflowing] = useState(false);
+
+    useLayoutEffect(() => {
+        const el = ref.current;
+        if (!el) return;
+        setOverflowing(el.scrollWidth > el.clientWidth);
+    }, [text]);
+
+    const span = (
+        <span ref={ref} className={className}>
+            {text}
+        </span>
+    );
+    if (!overflowing) return span;
+    return (
+        <Tooltip content={tooltipContent ?? text} delayDuration={delayDuration}>
+            {span}
+        </Tooltip>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/VerticalTabs.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/VerticalTabs.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1aedf82a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/VerticalTabs.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { type ComponentType, type ReactNode, forwardRef } from "react";
+import * as Tabs from "@radix-ui/react-tabs";
+import { type LucideProps } from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { useFocusVisible } from "@/hooks/useFocusVisible";
+
+const Root = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, Omit<Tabs.TabsProps, "orientation">>(
+    function VerticalTabsRoot({ className, ...props }, ref) {
+        return (
+            <Tabs.Root
+                ref={ref}
+                orientation={"vertical"}
+                className={cn("flex min-h-0 flex-1", className)}
+                {...props}
+            />
+        );
+    },
+);
+
+const List = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, Tabs.TabsListProps>(function VerticalTabsList(
+    { className, ...props },
+    ref,
+) {
+    return (
+        <Tabs.List
+            ref={ref}
+            className={cn("flex w-full flex-col gap-1 p-5 pr-0", className)}
+            {...props}
+        />
+    );
+});
+
+type TriggerProps = Tabs.TabsTriggerProps & {
+    icon: ComponentType<LucideProps>;
+    title: string;
+    iconSize?: number;
+    adornment?: ReactNode;
+};
+
+const Trigger = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, TriggerProps>(function VerticalTabsTrigger(
+    { icon: Icon, title, iconSize = 16, adornment, className, ...props },
+    ref,
+) {
+    const isFocusVisible = useFocusVisible();
+    return (
+        <Tabs.Trigger
+            ref={ref}
+            className={cn(
+                "group flex w-full cursor-default items-center gap-3 rounded-lg px-2 py-2.5 text-left outline-none",
+                "transition-colors duration-150",
+                "data-[state=active]:bg-nb-gray-930",
+                "data-[state=inactive]:hover:bg-nb-gray-935",
+                isFocusVisible &&
+                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                className,
+            )}
+            {...props}
+        >
+            <Icon
+                size={iconSize}
+                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                className={cn(
+                    "ml-2 shrink-0 transition-colors duration-150",
+                    "text-nb-gray-400 group-data-[state=active]:text-nb-gray-100",
+                )}
+            />
+            <span
+                className={cn(
+                    "min-w-0 truncate text-sm font-medium transition-colors duration-150",
+                    "text-nb-gray-400 group-data-[state=active]:text-nb-gray-100",
+                )}
+            >
+                {title}
+            </span>
+            {adornment && (
+                <div aria-hidden={"true"} className={"ml-auto mr-2 shrink-0"}>
+                    {adornment}
+                </div>
+            )}
+        </Tabs.Trigger>
+    );
+});
+
+const Content = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, Tabs.TabsContentProps>(function VerticalTabsContent(
+    { className, ...props },
+    ref,
+) {
+    return (
+        <Tabs.Content
+            ref={ref}
+            tabIndex={-1}
+            className={cn("outline-none", className)}
+            {...props}
+        />
+    );
+});
+
+export const VerticalTabs = Object.assign(Root, { List, Trigger, Content });
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/buttons/Button.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/buttons/Button.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b151c17b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/buttons/Button.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import { cva, type VariantProps } from "class-variance-authority";
+import { Check, Copy, Loader2 } from "lucide-react";
+import { type ButtonHTMLAttributes, forwardRef, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type ButtonVariants = VariantProps<typeof buttonVariants>;
+
+interface ButtonProps extends ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement>, ButtonVariants {
+    disabled?: boolean;
+    stopPropagation?: boolean;
+    copy?: string;
+    loading?: boolean;
+}
+
+const buttonVariants = cva(
+    [
+        "relative",
+        "cursor-default select-none whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium shadow-sm focus:z-10 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2",
+        "inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-2 transition-colors focus:ring-offset-1",
+        "disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-40 dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 disabled:dark:text-nb-gray-300",
+    ],
+    {
+        variants: {
+            variant: {
+                default: [
+                    "border-gray-200 bg-white text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-black focus:ring-zinc-200/50",
+                    "dark:border-gray-700/30 dark:bg-nb-gray dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-zinc-800/50 dark:hover:text-white dark:focus:ring-zinc-800/50",
+                ],
+                primary: [
+                    "dark:text-gray-100 dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:focus:ring-netbird-600/50 enabled:dark:bg-netbird enabled:dark:hover:bg-netbird-500/80 enabled:dark:hover:text-white disabled:dark:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                    "enabled:bg-netbird enabled:text-white enabled:hover:bg-netbird-500 enabled:focus:ring-netbird-400/50",
+                ],
+                secondary: [
+                    "border-gray-200 bg-white text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-black focus:ring-zinc-200/50",
+                    "dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:focus:ring-neutral-500/20",
+                    "dark:border-gray-700/40 dark:bg-nb-gray-920 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-nb-gray-910 dark:hover:text-white",
+                ],
+                secondaryLighter: [
+                    "border-gray-200 bg-white text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-black focus:ring-zinc-200/50",
+                    "dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:focus:ring-neutral-500/20",
+                    "dark:border-gray-700/70 dark:bg-nb-gray-900/70 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-nb-gray-800/60 dark:hover:text-white",
+                ],
+                subtle: [
+                    "border-nb-gray-200 bg-nb-gray-50 text-nb-gray-900 hover:bg-nb-gray-100 focus:ring-nb-gray-200/60",
+                    "dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:focus:ring-nb-gray-200/40",
+                    "dark:border-nb-gray-200 dark:bg-nb-gray-50 dark:text-nb-gray-900 dark:hover:bg-nb-gray-100 dark:hover:text-nb-gray-950",
+                ],
+                input: [
+                    "border-neutral-200 bg-white text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-black focus:ring-zinc-200/50",
+                    "dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:focus:ring-neutral-500/20",
+                    "dark:border-nb-gray-700 dark:bg-nb-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-nb-gray-900/80",
+                ],
+                dropdown: [
+                    "border-neutral-200 bg-white text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-black focus:ring-zinc-200/50",
+                    "dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:focus:ring-neutral-500/20",
+                    "dark:border-nb-gray-900 dark:bg-nb-gray-900/40 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-nb-gray-900/50",
+                ],
+                dotted: [
+                    "border-dashed border-gray-200 bg-white text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-black focus:ring-zinc-200/50",
+                    "dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:focus:ring-neutral-500/20",
+                    "dark:border-gray-500/40 dark:bg-nb-gray-900/30 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-nb-gray-900/50 dark:hover:text-white",
+                ],
+                tertiary: [
+                    "border-gray-200 bg-white text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-black focus:ring-zinc-200/50",
+                    "dark:border-gray-700/40 dark:bg-white dark:text-gray-800 dark:hover:bg-neutral-200 dark:focus:ring-zinc-800/50 disabled:dark:bg-nb-gray-920 disabled:dark:text-nb-gray-300",
+                ],
+                white: [
+                    "border-white bg-white text-gray-800 outline-none hover:bg-neutral-200 focus:ring-white/50 disabled:dark:bg-nb-gray-920 disabled:dark:text-nb-gray-300",
+                    "disabled:dark:border-nb-gray-900 disabled:dark:bg-nb-gray-900 disabled:dark:text-nb-gray-300",
+                ],
+                outline: [
+                    "border-gray-200 bg-white text-gray-900 hover:bg-gray-100 hover:text-black focus:ring-zinc-200/50",
+                    "dark:border-netbird dark:bg-transparent dark:text-netbird dark:hover:bg-nb-gray-900/30 dark:focus:ring-zinc-800/50",
+                ],
+                "danger-outline": [
+                    "dark:bg-transparent dark:text-red-500 enabled:dark:hover:border-red-800/50 enabled:hover:dark:bg-red-950/50 enabled:dark:focus:bg-red-950/40 enabled:dark:focus:ring-red-800/20",
+                ],
+                "danger-text": [
+                    "rounded-sm !px-0 !py-0 !shadow-none focus:ring-red-500/30 dark:border-transparent dark:bg-transparent dark:text-red-500 dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:hover:text-red-600",
+                ],
+                "default-outline": [
+                    "dark:ring-offset-nb-gray-950/50 dark:focus:ring-nb-gray-500/20",
+                    "dark:border-transparent dark:bg-transparent dark:text-nb-gray-400 dark:hover:border-nb-gray-800/50 dark:hover:bg-nb-gray-900/30 dark:hover:text-white",
+                    "data-[state=open]:dark:border-nb-gray-800/50 data-[state=open]:dark:bg-nb-gray-900/30 data-[state=open]:dark:text-white",
+                ],
+                ghost: [
+                    "dark:ring-offset-nb-gray-950/50 dark:focus:ring-nb-gray-500/20",
+                    "dark:border-transparent dark:bg-transparent dark:text-nb-gray-400 dark:hover:bg-nb-gray-900/30 dark:hover:text-white",
+                ],
+                danger: [
+                    "dark:bg-red-600 dark:text-red-100 dark:hover:border-red-800/50 hover:dark:bg-red-700 dark:focus:bg-red-700 dark:focus:ring-red-700/20",
+                ],
+            },
+            size: {
+                xs: "px-3.5 py-2.5 text-xs",
+                xs2: "px-4 py-[1.1rem] text-[0.78rem] leading-[0]",
+                sm: "px-4 py-[9px] text-sm",
+                md: "px-4 py-[9px]",
+                lg: "px-4 py-[9px] text-lg",
+            },
+            rounded: {
+                true: "rounded-md",
+                false: "",
+            },
+            border: {
+                0: "border",
+                1: "border border-transparent",
+                2: "border border-b-0 border-t-0",
+            },
+        },
+    },
+);
+
+export const Button = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ButtonProps>(function Button(
+    {
+        variant = "default",
+        rounded = true,
+        border = 1,
+        size = "md",
+        stopPropagation = true,
+        type = "button",
+        children,
+        className,
+        onClick,
+        disabled,
+        copy,
+        loading = false,
+        ...props
+    },
+    ref,
+) {
+    const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+    const copyTimer = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+    useEffect(
+        () => () => {
+            if (copyTimer.current) clearTimeout(copyTimer.current);
+        },
+        [],
+    );
+    const iconSize = size === "xs" ? 12 : 14;
+    return (
+        <button
+            ref={ref}
+            type={type}
+            tabIndex={0}
+            disabled={disabled || loading}
+            aria-busy={loading || undefined}
+            className={cn(
+                buttonVariants({
+                    variant,
+                    rounded,
+                    border: border ? 1 : 0,
+                    size,
+                }),
+                className,
+            )}
+            onClick={(e) => {
+                if (stopPropagation) e.stopPropagation();
+                if (copy !== undefined) {
+                    void navigator.clipboard
+                        .writeText(copy)
+                        .then(() => {
+                            setCopied(true);
+                            if (copyTimer.current) clearTimeout(copyTimer.current);
+                            copyTimer.current = setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 1500);
+                        })
+                        .catch((e: unknown) => console.warn("copy to clipboard failed", e));
+                }
+                onClick?.(e);
+            }}
+            {...props}
+        >
+            {loading && (
+                <span
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={"absolute inset-0 flex items-center justify-center"}
+                >
+                    <Loader2 size={iconSize} className={"animate-spin"} />
+                </span>
+            )}
+            <span className={cn("contents", loading && "invisible")}>
+                {copy !== undefined &&
+                    (copied ? (
+                        <Check size={iconSize} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                    ) : (
+                        <Copy size={iconSize} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                    ))}
+                {children}
+            </span>
+        </button>
+    );
+});
+
+export default Button;
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/buttons/IconButton.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/buttons/IconButton.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d36bc111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/buttons/IconButton.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import { type ButtonHTMLAttributes, type ComponentType, forwardRef } from "react";
+import { type LucideProps } from "lucide-react";
+import { useFocusVisible } from "@/hooks/useFocusVisible";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type Props = ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> & {
+    icon: ComponentType<LucideProps>;
+    iconSize?: number;
+    iconClassName?: string;
+};
+
+export const IconButton = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, Props>(function IconButton(
+    { icon: Icon, iconSize = 17, iconClassName, className, type = "button", disabled, ...props },
+    ref,
+) {
+    const isFocusVisible = useFocusVisible();
+    return (
+        <button
+            ref={ref}
+            type={type}
+            disabled={disabled}
+            tabIndex={disabled ? -1 : 0}
+            className={cn(
+                "flex h-10 w-10 cursor-default items-center justify-center rounded-lg outline-none",
+                "text-nb-gray-400 hover:bg-nb-gray-900 hover:text-nb-gray-300",
+                isFocusVisible &&
+                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                "wails-no-draggable transition-colors duration-150",
+                className,
+            )}
+            {...props}
+        >
+            <Icon size={iconSize} className={iconClassName} />
+        </button>
+    );
+});
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/ConfirmDialog.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/ConfirmDialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..caf98c2c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/ConfirmDialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { type ReactNode, forwardRef } from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn.ts";
+import { isMacOS } from "@/lib/platform.ts";
+
+type ConfirmDialogProps = {
+    children: ReactNode;
+    "aria-label"?: string;
+    "aria-labelledby"?: string;
+};
+
+export const ConfirmDialog = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, ConfirmDialogProps>(function ConfirmDialog(
+    { children, "aria-label": ariaLabel, "aria-labelledby": ariaLabelledBy },
+    ref,
+) {
+    return (
+        <dialog
+            open
+            aria-label={ariaLabel}
+            aria-labelledby={ariaLabelledBy}
+            className={
+                "wails-draggable static m-0 flex max-h-none w-full max-w-none select-none flex-col items-center border-0 bg-transparent p-0 text-inherit"
+            }
+        >
+            <div
+                ref={ref}
+                className={cn(
+                    "flex flex-col items-center gap-5 px-8 pb-7 pt-6 text-center",
+                    isMacOS() && "pt-10",
+                )}
+            >
+                {children}
+            </div>
+        </dialog>
+    );
+});
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/ConfirmModal.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/ConfirmModal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..241a69ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/ConfirmModal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import * as Dialog from "@/components/dialog/Dialog";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { DialogHeading } from "@/components/dialog/DialogHeading";
+import { DialogDescription } from "@/components/dialog/DialogDescription";
+import { DialogActions } from "@/components/dialog/DialogActions";
+
+type ConfirmModalProps = {
+    open: boolean;
+    title: ReactNode;
+    description: ReactNode;
+    confirmLabel: string;
+    cancelLabel?: string;
+    danger?: boolean;
+    busy?: boolean;
+    onConfirm: () => void;
+    onCancel: () => void;
+};
+
+export const ConfirmModal = ({
+    open,
+    title,
+    description,
+    confirmLabel,
+    cancelLabel,
+    danger = false,
+    busy = false,
+    onConfirm,
+    onCancel,
+}: ConfirmModalProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const resolvedCancel = cancelLabel ?? t("common.cancel");
+
+    const srTitle = typeof title === "string" ? title : undefined;
+    const srDescription = typeof description === "string" ? description : undefined;
+
+    return (
+        <Dialog.Root
+            open={open}
+            onOpenChange={(next) => {
+                if (!next && !busy) onCancel();
+            }}
+        >
+            <Dialog.Content
+                maxWidthClass={"max-w-sm"}
+                showClose={false}
+                className={"py-5"}
+                srTitle={srTitle}
+                srDescription={srDescription}
+                onOpenAutoFocus={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
+            >
+                <div className={"flex flex-col gap-5 px-5"}>
+                    <div className={"flex flex-col gap-1 pl-1"}>
+                        <DialogHeading align={"left"}>{title}</DialogHeading>
+                        <DialogDescription align={"left"} className={"whitespace-pre-line"}>
+                            {description}
+                        </DialogDescription>
+                    </div>
+
+                    <DialogActions className={"flex-row justify-end gap-2.5"}>
+                        <Button
+                            variant={"secondary"}
+                            size={"sm"}
+                            disabled={busy}
+                            onClick={onCancel}
+                        >
+                            {resolvedCancel}
+                        </Button>
+                        <Button
+                            autoFocus
+                            variant={danger ? "danger" : "primary"}
+                            size={"sm"}
+                            disabled={busy}
+                            onClick={onConfirm}
+                        >
+                            {confirmLabel}
+                        </Button>
+                    </DialogActions>
+                </div>
+            </Dialog.Content>
+        </Dialog.Root>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/Dialog.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/Dialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa8007d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/Dialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+import {
+    forwardRef,
+    type ComponentPropsWithoutRef,
+    type ElementRef,
+    type HTMLAttributes,
+} from "react";
+import * as DialogPrimitive from "@radix-ui/react-dialog";
+import { VisuallyHidden } from "@radix-ui/react-visually-hidden";
+import { X } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+export const Root = DialogPrimitive.Root;
+
+type OverlayProps = ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Overlay> & {
+    exitAnimation?: boolean;
+};
+
+const Overlay = forwardRef<ElementRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Overlay>, OverlayProps>(
+    function DialogOverlay({ className, exitAnimation = false, ...props }, ref) {
+        return (
+            <DialogPrimitive.Overlay
+                ref={ref}
+                className={cn(
+                    "fixed inset-0 z-50 grid items-center justify-items-center overflow-y-auto px-10 py-16",
+                    "bg-black/60",
+                    "data-[state=open]:animate-in data-[state=open]:fade-in-0",
+                    exitAnimation &&
+                        "data-[state=closed]:animate-out data-[state=closed]:fade-out-0",
+                    "duration-150 ease-out",
+                    className,
+                )}
+                {...props}
+            />
+        );
+    },
+);
+
+type ContentProps = ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Content> & {
+    showClose?: boolean;
+    maxWidthClass?: string;
+    exitAnimation?: boolean;
+    srTitle?: string;
+    srDescription?: string;
+};
+
+export const Content = forwardRef<ElementRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Content>, ContentProps>(
+    function DialogContent(
+        {
+            className,
+            children,
+            showClose = true,
+            maxWidthClass = "max-w-md",
+            exitAnimation = false,
+            srTitle,
+            srDescription,
+            ...props
+        },
+        ref,
+    ) {
+        const { t } = useTranslation();
+        return (
+            <DialogPrimitive.Portal>
+                <Overlay exitAnimation={exitAnimation}>
+                    <DialogPrimitive.Content
+                        ref={ref}
+                        className={cn(
+                            "relative z-[52] mx-auto w-full outline-none ring-0",
+                            "focus:outline-none focus:ring-0 focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-0",
+                            "rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray py-7 shadow-2xl",
+                            "data-[state=open]:animate-in data-[state=open]:fade-in-0",
+                            "data-[state=open]:zoom-in-95 data-[state=open]:slide-in-from-left-1",
+                            exitAnimation &&
+                                "data-[state=closed]:animate-out data-[state=closed]:fade-out-0 data-[state=closed]:zoom-out-95 data-[state=closed]:slide-out-to-left-1",
+                            "duration-150 ease-out",
+                            maxWidthClass,
+                            className,
+                        )}
+                        onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+                        {...props}
+                    >
+                        <VisuallyHidden asChild>
+                            <DialogPrimitive.Title>
+                                {srTitle ?? t("common.netbird")}
+                            </DialogPrimitive.Title>
+                        </VisuallyHidden>
+                        {srDescription && (
+                            <VisuallyHidden asChild>
+                                <DialogPrimitive.Description>
+                                    {srDescription}
+                                </DialogPrimitive.Description>
+                            </VisuallyHidden>
+                        )}
+                        {children}
+                        {showClose && (
+                            <DialogPrimitive.Close
+                                className={cn(
+                                    "absolute right-3 top-3 z-10 rounded-md p-3 transition-colors",
+                                    "text-nb-gray-300 hover:text-nb-gray-100",
+                                    "focus:outline-none disabled:pointer-events-none",
+                                )}
+                                aria-label={t("common.close")}
+                            >
+                                <X className={"h-4 w-4"} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                            </DialogPrimitive.Close>
+                        )}
+                    </DialogPrimitive.Content>
+                </Overlay>
+            </DialogPrimitive.Portal>
+        );
+    },
+);
+
+export const Title = forwardRef<
+    ElementRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Title>,
+    ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Title>
+>(function DialogTitle({ className, ...props }, ref) {
+    return (
+        <DialogPrimitive.Title
+            ref={ref}
+            className={cn(
+                "text-md font-semibold leading-none tracking-tight text-nb-gray-50",
+                className,
+            )}
+            {...props}
+        />
+    );
+});
+
+export const Description = forwardRef<
+    ElementRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Description>,
+    ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof DialogPrimitive.Description>
+>(function DialogDescription({ className, ...props }, ref) {
+    return (
+        <DialogPrimitive.Description
+            ref={ref}
+            className={cn("mt-2 text-sm leading-snug text-nb-gray-400", className)}
+            {...props}
+        />
+    );
+});
+
+type FooterProps = HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> & {
+    separator?: boolean;
+};
+
+export const Footer = ({ className, separator = true, ...props }: FooterProps) => (
+    <div className={cn(separator && "mt-6 border-t border-nb-gray-900")}>
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                "flex flex-col-reverse gap-3 sm:flex-row sm:justify-end",
+                "[&>*]:w-full sm:[&>*]:w-auto",
+                "px-8 pt-6",
+                className,
+            )}
+            {...props}
+        />
+    </div>
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/DialogActions.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/DialogActions.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3aa3a1fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/DialogActions.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type DialogActionsProps = {
+    children: ReactNode;
+    className?: string;
+};
+
+export const DialogActions = ({ children, className }: DialogActionsProps) => (
+    <div className={cn("wails-no-draggable mx-auto flex w-full flex-col gap-3", className)}>
+        {children}
+    </div>
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/DialogDescription.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/DialogDescription.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12c358043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/DialogDescription.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type DialogAlign = "left" | "center" | "right";
+
+const alignClass: Record<DialogAlign, string> = {
+    left: "text-left",
+    center: "text-center",
+    right: "text-right",
+};
+
+type DialogDescriptionProps = {
+    children: ReactNode;
+    className?: string;
+    align?: DialogAlign;
+};
+
+export const DialogDescription = ({
+    children,
+    className,
+    align = "center",
+}: DialogDescriptionProps) => (
+    <p className={cn("w-full select-none text-sm text-nb-gray-300", alignClass[align], className)}>
+        {children}
+    </p>
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/DialogHeading.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/DialogHeading.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9dda72a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/dialog/DialogHeading.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type DialogAlign = "left" | "center" | "right";
+
+const alignClass: Record<DialogAlign, string> = {
+    left: "text-left",
+    center: "text-center",
+    right: "text-right",
+};
+
+type DialogHeadingProps = {
+    children: ReactNode;
+    className?: string;
+    align?: DialogAlign;
+    id?: string;
+};
+
+export const DialogHeading = ({
+    children,
+    className,
+    align = "center",
+    id,
+}: DialogHeadingProps) => (
+    <h2
+        id={id}
+        className={cn(
+            "w-full select-none text-base font-semibold text-nb-gray-50",
+            alignClass[align],
+            className,
+        )}
+    >
+        {children}
+    </h2>
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/DaemonOutdatedOverlay.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/DaemonOutdatedOverlay.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8e7108eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/DaemonOutdatedOverlay.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { AlertTriangleIcon, DownloadIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import { Browser } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Version } from "@bindings/services";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext.tsx";
+
+const RELEASES_URL = "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/latest";
+const RC_RELEASES_URL = "https://pkgs.netbird.io/releases/rc";
+
+function openUrl(url: string) {
+    Browser.OpenURL(url).catch(() => globalThis.open(url, "_blank"));
+}
+
+export const DaemonOutdatedOverlay = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { status, isDaemonOutdated } = useStatus();
+
+    const [guiVersion, setGuiVersion] = useState<string>("-");
+    const clientVersion = status?.daemonVersion ?? "—";
+
+    const isRc = /-rc/i.test(guiVersion) || /-rc/i.test(clientVersion);
+    const downloadUrl = isRc ? RC_RELEASES_URL : RELEASES_URL;
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!isDaemonOutdated) return;
+        let cancelled = false;
+        Version.GUI()
+            .then((v) => {
+                if (!cancelled) setGuiVersion(v);
+            })
+            .catch((err) => console.error("[DaemonOutdatedOverlay] GUI version error", err));
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+        };
+    }, [isDaemonOutdated]);
+
+    if (!isDaemonOutdated) return null;
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={
+                "wails-draggable fixed inset-0 z-[100] flex cursor-default select-none items-center justify-center bg-nb-gray-950 backdrop-blur-sm"
+            }
+        >
+            <div className={"flex max-w-lg flex-col items-center gap-5 px-8 text-center"}>
+                <div
+                    className={
+                        "flex h-11 w-11 items-center justify-center rounded-xl border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-920 text-amber-500"
+                    }
+                >
+                    <AlertTriangleIcon size={20} />
+                </div>
+
+                <div className={"flex flex-col items-center gap-1"}>
+                    <p className={"text-base font-medium text-nb-gray-50"}>
+                        {t("daemon.outdated.title")}
+                    </p>
+                    <p className={"text-sm text-nb-gray-300"}>{t("daemon.outdated.description")}</p>
+                </div>
+
+                <div className={"flex flex-col items-center gap-0.5 text-center"}>
+                    <p className={"text-sm font-semibold text-nb-gray-100"}>
+                        {clientVersion === "development" ? (
+                            <span>
+                                {t("settings.about.clientName")}{" "}
+                                <span className={"font-mono text-yellow-400"}>
+                                    {t("settings.about.development")}
+                                </span>
+                            </span>
+                        ) : (
+                            t("settings.about.client", { version: clientVersion })
+                        )}
+                    </p>
+                    <p className={"text-sm font-medium text-nb-gray-250"}>
+                        {guiVersion === "development" ? (
+                            <span>
+                                {t("settings.about.guiName")}{" "}
+                                <span className={"font-mono text-yellow-400"}>
+                                    {t("settings.about.development")}
+                                </span>
+                            </span>
+                        ) : (
+                            t("settings.about.gui", { version: guiVersion })
+                        )}
+                    </p>
+                </div>
+
+                <div className={"wails-no-draggable"}>
+                    <Button variant={"primary"} size={"xs"} onClick={() => openUrl(downloadUrl)}>
+                        <DownloadIcon size={14} />
+                        {t("daemon.outdated.download")}
+                    </Button>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/DaemonUnavailableOverlay.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/DaemonUnavailableOverlay.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89c121e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/DaemonUnavailableOverlay.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { AlertCircleIcon, BookText } from "lucide-react";
+import { Browser } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext.tsx";
+
+const DOCS_URL = "https://docs.netbird.io/how-to/installation";
+
+function openUrl(url: string) {
+    Browser.OpenURL(url).catch(() => globalThis.open(url, "_blank"));
+}
+
+export const DaemonUnavailableOverlay = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { isDaemonUnavailable } = useStatus();
+
+    if (!isDaemonUnavailable) return null;
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={
+                "wails-draggable fixed inset-0 z-[100] flex cursor-default select-none items-center justify-center bg-nb-gray-950 backdrop-blur-sm"
+            }
+        >
+            <div className={"flex max-w-lg flex-col items-center gap-5 px-8 text-center"}>
+                <div
+                    className={
+                        "flex h-11 w-11 items-center justify-center rounded-xl border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-920 text-red-500"
+                    }
+                >
+                    <AlertCircleIcon size={20} />
+                </div>
+
+                <div className={"flex flex-col items-center gap-1"}>
+                    <p className={"text-base font-medium text-nb-gray-50"}>
+                        {t("daemon.unavailable.title")}
+                    </p>
+                    <p className={"text-sm text-nb-gray-300"}>
+                        {t("daemon.unavailable.description")}
+                    </p>
+                </div>
+
+                <div className={"wails-no-draggable"}>
+                    <Button variant={"secondary"} size={"xs"} onClick={() => openUrl(DOCS_URL)}>
+                        <BookText size={14} />
+                        {t("daemon.unavailable.docsLink")}
+                    </Button>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/EmptyState.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/EmptyState.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d6890a98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/EmptyState.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { type ComponentType } from "react";
+import { type LucideProps } from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { SquareIcon } from "@/components/SquareIcon";
+import { isMacOS } from "@/lib/platform";
+
+// Knob to shift the centered main-window content up/down together.
+export const contentVerticalOffset = (): string => (isMacOS() ? "0.6rem" : "-1.4rem");
+export const contentTop = (base: string) => `calc(${base} + ${contentVerticalOffset()})`;
+
+type Props = {
+    icon: ComponentType<LucideProps>;
+    title: string;
+    description?: string;
+    className?: string;
+};
+
+export const EmptyState = ({ icon, title, description, className }: Props) => {
+    return (
+        <div className={cn("py-12 text-center", className)}>
+            <div
+                className={"relative mx-auto flex max-w-sm flex-col items-center justify-start"}
+                style={{ top: contentTop("7.8rem") }}
+            >
+                <SquareIcon icon={icon} className={"mb-3"} />
+                <p className={"mb-1 text-[0.95rem] font-medium text-nb-gray-200"}>{title}</p>
+                {description && <p className={"text-sm text-nb-gray-350"}>{description}</p>}
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/NoResults.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/NoResults.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf0995b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/NoResults.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { type ComponentType } from "react";
+import { FunnelXIcon, type LucideProps } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { EmptyState } from "./EmptyState";
+
+type Props = {
+    icon?: ComponentType<LucideProps>;
+    title?: string;
+    description?: string;
+};
+
+export const NoResults = ({ icon = FunnelXIcon, title, description }: Props) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    return (
+        <EmptyState
+            icon={icon}
+            title={title ?? t("common.noResults.title")}
+            description={description ?? t("common.noResults.description")}
+            className={"pointer-events-none relative -top-[3.8rem]"}
+        />
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/NotConnectedState.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/NotConnectedState.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bcf70376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/empty-state/NotConnectedState.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { GlobeOffIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { EmptyState } from "./EmptyState";
+
+export const NotConnectedState = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    return (
+        <div className={"relative top-[3rem] w-full"}>
+            <EmptyState
+                icon={GlobeOffIcon}
+                title={t("notConnected.title")}
+                description={t("notConnected.description")}
+            />
+        </div>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/inputs/Input.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/inputs/Input.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2dad80d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/inputs/Input.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+import { cva, type VariantProps } from "class-variance-authority";
+import { Check, ChevronDown, ChevronUp, Copy, Eye, EyeOff } from "lucide-react";
+import {
+    forwardRef,
+    type InputHTMLAttributes,
+    type ReactNode,
+    useEffect,
+    useId,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+} from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { Label } from "@/components/typography/Label";
+
+type InputVariants = VariantProps<typeof inputVariants>;
+
+export interface InputProps extends InputHTMLAttributes<HTMLInputElement>, InputVariants {
+    label?: string;
+    customPrefix?: ReactNode;
+    customSuffix?: ReactNode;
+    maxWidthClass?: string;
+    icon?: ReactNode;
+    error?: string;
+    warning?: string;
+    prefixClassName?: string;
+    showPasswordToggle?: boolean;
+    copy?: boolean;
+}
+
+const inputVariants = cva("", {
+    variants: {
+        variant: {
+            default: [
+                "border-neutral-200 placeholder:text-neutral-500 dark:border-nb-gray-700 dark:bg-nb-gray-900 dark:placeholder:text-neutral-400/70",
+                "ring-offset-neutral-200/20 focus-visible:ring-neutral-300/10 dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:focus-visible:ring-neutral-500/20",
+            ],
+            darker: [
+                "border-neutral-300 placeholder:text-neutral-500 dark:border-nb-gray-800 dark:bg-nb-gray-920 dark:placeholder:text-neutral-400/70",
+                "ring-offset-neutral-200/20 focus-visible:ring-neutral-300/10 dark:ring-offset-neutral-950/50 dark:focus-visible:ring-neutral-500/20",
+            ],
+            error: [
+                "border-neutral-200 text-red-500 placeholder:text-neutral-500 dark:border-red-500 dark:bg-nb-gray-900 dark:placeholder:text-neutral-400/70",
+                "ring-offset-red-500/10 focus-visible:ring-red-500/10 dark:ring-offset-red-500/10 dark:focus-visible:ring-red-500/10",
+            ],
+            warning: [
+                "border-neutral-200 text-orange-400 placeholder:text-neutral-500 dark:border-orange-400 dark:bg-nb-gray-900 dark:placeholder:text-neutral-400/70",
+                "ring-offset-orange-400/10 focus-visible:ring-orange-400/10 dark:ring-offset-orange-400/10 dark:focus-visible:ring-orange-400/10",
+            ],
+        },
+        prefixSuffixVariant: {
+            default: [
+                "border-neutral-200 text-nb-gray-300 dark:border-nb-gray-700 dark:bg-nb-gray-900",
+            ],
+            error: ["border-red-500 text-nb-gray-300 text-red-500 dark:bg-nb-gray-900"],
+        },
+    },
+});
+
+function computeNextStepValue(el: HTMLInputElement, delta: 1 | -1): number {
+    const stepAttr = el.step === "" ? 1 : Number(el.step);
+    const step = Number.isFinite(stepAttr) && stepAttr > 0 ? stepAttr : 1;
+    const min = el.min === "" ? -Infinity : Number(el.min);
+    const max = el.max === "" ? Infinity : Number(el.max);
+    const current = el.value === "" ? 0 : Number(el.value);
+    let next = (Number.isFinite(current) ? current : 0) + delta * step;
+    if (next < min) next = min;
+    if (next > max) next = max;
+    return next;
+}
+
+function buildInputClassName(
+    opts: Readonly<{
+        variant: InputVariants["variant"];
+        hasCustomPrefix: boolean;
+        hasSuffix: boolean;
+        hasIcon: boolean;
+        readOnly?: boolean;
+        showStepper: boolean;
+        className?: string;
+    }>,
+): string {
+    return cn(
+        inputVariants({ variant: opts.variant }),
+        "flex h-[40px] w-full select-text rounded-md bg-white px-3 py-2 text-sm",
+        "file:border-0 file:bg-transparent file:text-sm file:font-medium",
+        "focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-2",
+        "disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-40",
+        opts.hasCustomPrefix && "!rounded-l-none !border-l-0",
+        opts.hasSuffix && "!pr-9",
+        opts.hasIcon && "!pl-10",
+        "border",
+        opts.readOnly && "!border-nb-gray-800 !bg-nb-gray-910 text-nb-gray-350",
+        opts.showStepper &&
+            "!rounded-r-none [-moz-appearance:textfield] [&::-webkit-inner-spin-button]:appearance-none [&::-webkit-outer-spin-button]:appearance-none",
+        opts.className,
+    );
+}
+
+function InputAffix({
+    content,
+    error,
+    disabled,
+    className,
+}: Readonly<{ content: ReactNode; error?: string; disabled?: boolean; className?: string }>) {
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                inputVariants({ prefixSuffixVariant: error ? "error" : "default" }),
+                "flex h-[40px] w-auto rounded-l-md bg-white px-3 py-2 text-sm",
+                "items-center whitespace-nowrap border",
+                disabled && "opacity-40",
+                className,
+            )}
+        >
+            {content}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+function InputIconSlot({ icon, disabled }: Readonly<{ icon: ReactNode; disabled?: boolean }>) {
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                "absolute left-0 top-0 flex h-full items-center pl-3 text-xs leading-[0] dark:text-nb-gray-300",
+                disabled && "opacity-40",
+            )}
+        >
+            {icon}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+function InputSuffixSlot({
+    suffix,
+    disabled,
+}: Readonly<{ suffix: ReactNode; disabled?: boolean }>) {
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                "pointer-events-none absolute right-0 top-0 flex h-full select-none items-center pr-3 text-xs leading-[0] dark:text-nb-gray-300",
+                disabled && "opacity-30",
+            )}
+        >
+            {suffix}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+function NumberStepper({
+    error,
+    disabled,
+    onStep,
+}: Readonly<{ error?: string; disabled?: boolean; onStep: (delta: 1 | -1) => void }>) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                "flex h-[40px] shrink-0 flex-col overflow-hidden",
+                "rounded-r-md border border-l-0",
+                "border-neutral-200 dark:border-nb-gray-700 dark:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                error && "dark:border-red-500",
+                disabled && "pointer-events-none opacity-40",
+            )}
+        >
+            <button
+                type={"button"}
+                tabIndex={-1}
+                aria-label={t("common.increase")}
+                onClick={() => onStep(1)}
+                className={
+                    "flex w-9 flex-1 cursor-default items-center justify-center text-nb-gray-300 transition-colors hover:bg-nb-gray-800"
+                }
+            >
+                <ChevronUp size={12} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+            </button>
+            <button
+                type={"button"}
+                tabIndex={-1}
+                aria-label={t("common.decrease")}
+                onClick={() => onStep(-1)}
+                className={cn(
+                    "flex w-9 flex-1 cursor-default items-center justify-center text-nb-gray-300 transition-colors hover:bg-nb-gray-800",
+                    "border-t border-neutral-200 dark:border-nb-gray-700",
+                )}
+            >
+                <ChevronDown size={12} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+            </button>
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+function FieldMessage({
+    id,
+    error,
+    warning,
+}: Readonly<{ id?: string; error?: string; warning?: string }>) {
+    if (!error && !warning) return null;
+    return (
+        <span
+            id={id}
+            role={error ? "alert" : "status"}
+            className={cn(
+                "mt-2 inline-flex items-center gap-1 text-xs",
+                error ? "text-red-500" : "text-orange-400",
+            )}
+        >
+            {error ?? warning}
+        </span>
+    );
+}
+
+export const Input = forwardRef<HTMLInputElement, InputProps>(function Input(
+    {
+        className,
+        type,
+        label,
+        customSuffix,
+        customPrefix,
+        icon,
+        maxWidthClass = "",
+        error,
+        warning,
+        variant = "default",
+        prefixClassName,
+        showPasswordToggle = false,
+        copy = false,
+        id,
+        ...props
+    },
+    ref,
+) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [showPassword, setShowPassword] = useState(false);
+    const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+    const isPasswordType = type === "password";
+    const inputType = isPasswordType && showPassword ? "text" : type;
+    const isNumber = type === "number";
+
+    const reactId = useId();
+    const fallbackId = `input-${reactId}`;
+    const inputId = id ?? (label ? fallbackId : undefined);
+    const messageId = error || warning ? `${inputId ?? fallbackId}-message` : undefined;
+
+    const copyTimer = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+    useEffect(
+        () => () => {
+            if (copyTimer.current) clearTimeout(copyTimer.current);
+        },
+        [],
+    );
+
+    const internalRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement | null>(null);
+    const setRefs = (el: HTMLInputElement | null) => {
+        internalRef.current = el;
+        if (typeof ref === "function") ref(el);
+        else if (ref) ref.current = el;
+    };
+
+    const stepBy = (delta: 1 | -1) => {
+        const el = internalRef.current;
+        if (!el || el.disabled || el.readOnly) return;
+        const setter = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
+            globalThis.HTMLInputElement.prototype,
+            "value",
+        )?.set;
+        const next = computeNextStepValue(el, delta);
+        setter?.call(el, String(next));
+        el.dispatchEvent(new Event("input", { bubbles: true }));
+    };
+
+    const passwordToggle =
+        isPasswordType && showPasswordToggle ? (
+            <button
+                type={"button"}
+                onClick={() => setShowPassword((s) => !s)}
+                className={"pointer-events-auto transition-all hover:text-white"}
+                aria-label={t("common.togglePasswordVisibility")}
+                aria-pressed={showPassword}
+            >
+                {showPassword ? (
+                    <EyeOff size={18} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                ) : (
+                    <Eye size={18} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                )}
+            </button>
+        ) : null;
+
+    const onCopy = async () => {
+        const text = props.value == null ? (internalRef.current?.value ?? "") : String(props.value);
+        if (!text) return;
+        try {
+            await navigator.clipboard.writeText(text);
+            setCopied(true);
+            if (copyTimer.current) clearTimeout(copyTimer.current);
+            copyTimer.current = setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 1500);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.warn("copy to clipboard failed", e);
+        }
+    };
+
+    const copyToggle = copy ? (
+        <button
+            type={"button"}
+            onClick={onCopy}
+            className={"pointer-events-auto transition-all hover:text-white"}
+            aria-label={t("common.copy")}
+        >
+            {copied ? (
+                <Check size={16} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+            ) : (
+                <Copy size={16} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+            )}
+        </button>
+    ) : null;
+
+    const suffix = passwordToggle || copyToggle || customSuffix;
+    const showStepper = isNumber;
+    const warningVariant = warning ? "warning" : variant;
+    const resolvedVariant = error ? "error" : warningVariant;
+
+    const inputClassName = buildInputClassName({
+        variant: resolvedVariant,
+        hasCustomPrefix: !!customPrefix,
+        hasSuffix: !!suffix,
+        hasIcon: !!icon,
+        readOnly: props.readOnly,
+        showStepper,
+        className,
+    });
+
+    return (
+        <div className={"flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col"}>
+            {label && <Label htmlFor={inputId}>{label}</Label>}
+            <div className={cn("relative flex h-[40px] w-full", maxWidthClass)}>
+                {customPrefix && (
+                    <InputAffix
+                        content={customPrefix}
+                        error={error}
+                        disabled={props.disabled}
+                        className={prefixClassName}
+                    />
+                )}
+
+                {icon && <InputIconSlot icon={icon} disabled={props.disabled} />}
+
+                <div className={"relative flex min-w-0 flex-grow"}>
+                    <input
+                        id={inputId}
+                        type={inputType}
+                        ref={setRefs}
+                        aria-invalid={error ? true : undefined}
+                        aria-describedby={
+                            messageId
+                                ? [props["aria-describedby"], messageId].filter(Boolean).join(" ")
+                                : props["aria-describedby"]
+                        }
+                        {...props}
+                        className={inputClassName}
+                    />
+
+                    {suffix && <InputSuffixSlot suffix={suffix} disabled={props.disabled} />}
+                </div>
+
+                {showStepper && (
+                    <NumberStepper error={error} disabled={props.disabled} onStep={stepBy} />
+                )}
+            </div>
+            <FieldMessage id={messageId} error={error} warning={warning} />
+        </div>
+    );
+});
+
+export default Input;
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/inputs/SearchInput.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/inputs/SearchInput.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f46e8fba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/inputs/SearchInput.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { forwardRef, type InputHTMLAttributes, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { SearchIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type Props = InputHTMLAttributes<HTMLInputElement> & {
+    iconSize?: number;
+    shortcut?: ReactNode;
+};
+
+export const SearchInput = forwardRef<HTMLInputElement, Props>(function SearchInput(
+    { iconSize = 16, className, disabled, shortcut, "aria-label": ariaLabel, ...props },
+    ref,
+) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    return (
+        <div
+            role={"search"}
+            className={cn("flex h-10 items-center gap-2 px-1", disabled && "opacity-50")}
+        >
+            <SearchIcon
+                size={iconSize}
+                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                className={"shrink-0 text-nb-gray-300"}
+            />
+            <input
+                ref={ref}
+                type={"search"}
+                disabled={disabled}
+                aria-label={ariaLabel ?? props.placeholder ?? t("common.search")}
+                autoCorrect={"off"}
+                autoCapitalize={"off"}
+                spellCheck={false}
+                {...props}
+                className={cn(
+                    "w-full bg-transparent text-sm text-nb-gray-200 placeholder:text-nb-gray-400",
+                    "border-none outline-none",
+                    disabled && "cursor-not-allowed",
+                    className,
+                )}
+            />
+            {shortcut && (
+                <span
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "shrink-0 select-none",
+                        "inline-flex items-center justify-center",
+                        "h-5 min-w-[20px] rounded px-1.5",
+                        "border border-nb-gray-850 bg-nb-gray-920",
+                        "text-[10px] font-medium text-nb-gray-400",
+                        "wails-no-draggable",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    {shortcut}
+                </span>
+            )}
+        </div>
+    );
+});
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/FancyToggleSwitch.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/FancyToggleSwitch.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45e3e333a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/FancyToggleSwitch.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import React from "react";
+import { HelpText } from "@/components/typography/HelpText";
+import { Label } from "@/components/typography/Label";
+import { ToggleSwitch } from "@/components/switches/ToggleSwitch";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+interface Props {
+    value: boolean;
+    onChange: (value: boolean) => void;
+    helpText?: React.ReactNode;
+    label?: React.ReactNode;
+    children?: React.ReactNode;
+    disabled?: boolean;
+    loading?: boolean;
+    dataCy?: string;
+    className?: string;
+    labelClassName?: string;
+    textWrapperClassName?: string;
+}
+
+export default function FancyToggleSwitch({
+    value,
+    onChange,
+    helpText,
+    label,
+    children,
+    disabled = false,
+    loading = false,
+    dataCy,
+    className,
+    labelClassName,
+    textWrapperClassName = "max-w-lg",
+}: Readonly<Props>) {
+    const switchId = React.useId();
+    const descriptionId = React.useId();
+
+    if (loading) {
+        const shimmer =
+            "text-transparent select-none rounded bg-[#25282d] box-decoration-clone animate-pulse";
+        return (
+            <div
+                role={"status"}
+                aria-busy={"true"}
+                aria-live={"polite"}
+                className={cn("inline-block w-full text-left", className)}
+            >
+                <div className={"flex justify-between gap-10"}>
+                    <div className={cn(textWrapperClassName)}>
+                        <Label className={labelClassName}>
+                            <span className={shimmer}>{label}</span>
+                        </Label>
+                        <HelpText margin={false}>
+                            <span className={cn(shimmer, "text-[0.6rem] leading-relaxed")}>
+                                {helpText}
+                            </span>
+                        </HelpText>
+                    </div>
+                    <div className={"mt-2 pr-1"}>
+                        <div
+                            aria-hidden={"true"}
+                            className={"h-[24px] w-[44px] animate-pulse rounded-full bg-[#25282d]"}
+                        />
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        );
+    }
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            {...(disabled ? { inert: "" } : {})}
+            className={cn(
+                "relative z-[1] cursor-default transition-all duration-300",
+                "inline-block w-full text-left",
+                disabled && "pointer-events-none opacity-30",
+                className,
+            )}
+        >
+            <div className={"flex justify-between gap-10"}>
+                <div className={cn(textWrapperClassName)}>
+                    <Label htmlFor={switchId} className={labelClassName}>
+                        {label}
+                    </Label>
+                    <HelpText margin={false}>
+                        <span id={descriptionId}>{helpText}</span>
+                    </HelpText>
+                </div>
+                <div className={"mt-2 pr-1"}>
+                    <ToggleSwitch
+                        id={switchId}
+                        checked={value}
+                        onCheckedChange={onChange}
+                        disabled={disabled}
+                        dataCy={dataCy}
+                        aria-describedby={helpText ? descriptionId : undefined}
+                    />
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            {children && value ? <div className={"mt-4"}>{children}</div> : null}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/SwitchItem.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/SwitchItem.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e23c73fe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/SwitchItem.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import * as RadioGroup from "@radix-ui/react-radio-group";
+import { motion } from "framer-motion";
+import { type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { useSwitchItemGroup } from "@/components/switches/SwitchItemGroup";
+
+type Props = {
+    value: string;
+    children: ReactNode;
+    className?: string;
+};
+
+export const SwitchItem = ({ value, children, className }: Props) => {
+    const { value: activeValue, layoutId } = useSwitchItemGroup();
+    const active = activeValue === value;
+
+    return (
+        <RadioGroup.Item
+            value={value}
+            className={cn(
+                "relative inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-1 rounded-md px-3.5 py-2 text-xs font-semibold",
+                "cursor-default outline-none",
+                "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                active
+                    ? "text-nb-gray-100"
+                    : "text-nb-gray-400 hover:text-nb-gray-200 active:text-nb-gray-100",
+                className,
+            )}
+        >
+            {active && (
+                <motion.span
+                    layoutId={layoutId}
+                    className={"absolute inset-0 rounded-md bg-nb-gray-700"}
+                    transition={{ type: "spring", stiffness: 500, damping: 35 }}
+                />
+            )}
+            <span className={"relative inline-flex items-center justify-center gap-1"}>
+                {children}
+            </span>
+        </RadioGroup.Item>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/SwitchItemGroup.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/SwitchItemGroup.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4361d530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/SwitchItemGroup.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import * as RadioGroup from "@radix-ui/react-radio-group";
+import { createContext, type ReactNode, useContext, useId, useMemo } from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type SwitchItemGroupContextValue = {
+    value: string;
+    layoutId: string;
+};
+
+const SwitchItemGroupContext = createContext<SwitchItemGroupContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const useSwitchItemGroup = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(SwitchItemGroupContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("SwitchItem must be used inside a SwitchItemGroup");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
+
+type Props = {
+    value: string;
+    onChange: (value: string) => void;
+    children: ReactNode;
+    className?: string;
+    disabled?: boolean;
+    "aria-label"?: string;
+    "aria-labelledby"?: string;
+};
+
+export const SwitchItemGroup = ({
+    value,
+    onChange,
+    children,
+    className,
+    disabled = false,
+    "aria-label": ariaLabel,
+    "aria-labelledby": ariaLabelledBy,
+}: Props) => {
+    const layoutId = useId();
+    const contextValue = useMemo(() => ({ value, layoutId }), [value, layoutId]);
+
+    return (
+        <SwitchItemGroupContext.Provider value={contextValue}>
+            <RadioGroup.Root
+                value={value}
+                onValueChange={onChange}
+                disabled={disabled}
+                aria-label={ariaLabel}
+                aria-labelledby={ariaLabelledBy}
+                className={cn(
+                    "flex shrink-0 overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-850 bg-nb-gray-910 p-1",
+                    disabled && "pointer-events-none opacity-50",
+                    className,
+                )}
+            >
+                {children}
+            </RadioGroup.Root>
+        </SwitchItemGroupContext.Provider>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/ToggleSwitch.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/ToggleSwitch.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d9f597e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/switches/ToggleSwitch.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"use client";
+
+import * as SwitchPrimitives from "@radix-ui/react-switch";
+import { cva, type VariantProps } from "class-variance-authority";
+import * as React from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type SwitchVariants = VariantProps<typeof switchVariants>;
+
+const switchVariants = cva("", {
+    variants: {
+        size: {
+            default: "h-[24px] w-[44px]",
+            small: "h-[18px] w-[36px]",
+            large: "h-[36px] w-[66px]",
+        },
+        variant: {
+            default: [
+                "dark:data-[state=checked]:bg-netbird dark:data-[state=unchecked]:bg-nb-gray-700",
+                "dark:data-[state=checked]:hover:bg-netbird-500 dark:data-[state=unchecked]:hover:bg-nb-gray-600",
+                "data-[state=checked]:bg-neutral-900 data-[state=unchecked]:bg-neutral-200",
+                "data-[state=checked]:hover:bg-neutral-800 data-[state=unchecked]:hover:bg-neutral-300",
+            ],
+            "red-green": [
+                "dark:data-[state=checked]:bg-red-600 dark:data-[state=unchecked]:bg-nb-gray-700",
+                "dark:data-[state=checked]:hover:bg-red-500 dark:data-[state=unchecked]:hover:bg-nb-gray-600",
+                "data-[state=checked]:bg-red-500 data-[state=unchecked]:bg-red-200",
+                "data-[state=checked]:hover:bg-red-400 data-[state=unchecked]:hover:bg-red-300",
+            ],
+            red: [
+                "dark:data-[state=checked]:bg-red-600 dark:data-[state=unchecked]:bg-nb-gray-700",
+                "dark:data-[state=checked]:hover:bg-red-500 dark:data-[state=unchecked]:hover:bg-nb-gray-600",
+                "data-[state=checked]:bg-red-500 data-[state=unchecked]:bg-red-200",
+                "data-[state=checked]:hover:bg-red-400 data-[state=unchecked]:hover:bg-red-300",
+            ],
+        },
+        "thumb-size": {
+            default:
+                "h-5 w-5 data-[state=checked]:translate-x-5 data-[state=unchecked]:translate-x-0",
+            small: "h-[14px] w-[14px] data-[state=checked]:translate-x-[17px] data-[state=unchecked]:translate-x-0",
+            large: "h-[30px] w-[30px] data-[state=checked]:translate-x-[31px] data-[state=unchecked]:translate-x-[1px]",
+        },
+    },
+});
+
+const ToggleSwitch = React.forwardRef<
+    React.ElementRef<typeof SwitchPrimitives.Root>,
+    React.ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof SwitchPrimitives.Root> &
+        SwitchVariants & { dataCy?: string }
+>(({ className, size = "default", variant = "default", dataCy, disabled, ...props }, ref) => (
+    <SwitchPrimitives.Root
+        disabled={disabled}
+        tabIndex={disabled ? -1 : 0}
+        className={cn(
+            "wails-no-draggable peer inline-flex shrink-0 cursor-default items-center rounded-full border-2 border-transparent transition-colors focus-visible:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940 disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-50",
+            className,
+            switchVariants({ size, variant }),
+        )}
+        {...props}
+        data-cy={dataCy}
+        onClick={(e) => {
+            e.stopPropagation();
+            props.onClick?.(e);
+        }}
+        ref={ref}
+    >
+        <SwitchPrimitives.Thumb
+            className={cn(
+                switchVariants({ "thumb-size": size }),
+                "pointer-events-none block rounded-full bg-white shadow-lg ring-0 transition-transform dark:bg-white",
+            )}
+        />
+    </SwitchPrimitives.Root>
+));
+ToggleSwitch.displayName = SwitchPrimitives.Root.displayName;
+
+export { ToggleSwitch };
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/typography/HelpText.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/typography/HelpText.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c52ff714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/typography/HelpText.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type Props = {
+    children?: ReactNode;
+    margin?: boolean;
+    className?: string;
+    disabled?: boolean;
+};
+
+export const HelpText = ({ children, margin = true, className, disabled = false }: Props) => (
+    <span
+        className={cn(
+            "block text-[.81rem] font-light tracking-wide transition-all duration-300 dark:text-nb-gray-300",
+            margin && "mb-2",
+            disabled && "pointer-events-none opacity-30",
+            className,
+        )}
+    >
+        {children}
+    </span>
+);
+
+export default HelpText;
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/components/typography/Label.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/typography/Label.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8e1a446f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/components/typography/Label.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import * as LabelPrimitive from "@radix-ui/react-label";
+import { cva, type VariantProps } from "class-variance-authority";
+import { type ComponentPropsWithoutRef, forwardRef, type Ref } from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+const labelVariants = cva(
+    "mb-1.5 inline-block flex items-center gap-2 text-sm font-medium leading-none tracking-wider peer-disabled:cursor-not-allowed peer-disabled:opacity-70 dark:text-nb-gray-100",
+);
+
+type LabelProps = ComponentPropsWithoutRef<typeof LabelPrimitive.Root> &
+    VariantProps<typeof labelVariants> & {
+        as?: "label" | "div";
+        disabled?: boolean;
+    };
+
+export const Label = forwardRef<HTMLElement, LabelProps>(function Label(
+    { className, as = "label", disabled = false, children, ...props },
+    ref,
+) {
+    const classes = cn(
+        labelVariants(),
+        className,
+        "select-none transition-all duration-300",
+        disabled && "pointer-events-none opacity-30",
+    );
+
+    if (as === "div") {
+        return (
+            <div ref={ref as Ref<HTMLDivElement>} className={classes}>
+                {children}
+            </div>
+        );
+    }
+
+    return (
+        <LabelPrimitive.Root ref={ref as Ref<HTMLLabelElement>} className={classes} {...props}>
+            {children}
+        </LabelPrimitive.Root>
+    );
+});
+
+export default Label;
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/ClientVersionContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/ClientVersionContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0699a9ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/ClientVersionContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import {
+    createContext,
+    useCallback,
+    useContext,
+    useEffect,
+    useMemo,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+    type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+
+import { Update as UpdateSvc, WindowManager } from "@bindings/services";
+import type { State as UpdateState } from "@bindings/updater/models.js";
+import i18next from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+const isDaemonUnavailable = (e: unknown): boolean => {
+    const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+    return msg.includes("code = Unavailable");
+};
+
+type ClientVersionContextValue = {
+    updateAvailable: boolean;
+    updateVersion: string | null;
+    enforced: boolean;
+    installing: boolean;
+    triggerUpdate: () => void;
+    updating: boolean;
+};
+
+const EVENT_UPDATE_STATE = "netbird:update:state";
+
+const emptyState: UpdateState = {
+    available: false,
+    version: "",
+    enforced: false,
+    installing: false,
+};
+
+const ClientVersionContext = createContext<ClientVersionContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const useClientVersion = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(ClientVersionContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("useClientVersion must be used inside ClientVersionProvider");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
+
+export const ClientVersionProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const [state, setState] = useState<UpdateState>(emptyState);
+    const [updating, setUpdating] = useState(false);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        let cancelled = false;
+        UpdateSvc.GetState()
+            .then((s) => {
+                if (cancelled || !s) return;
+                setState(s);
+            })
+            .catch((e) => {
+                if (cancelled || isDaemonUnavailable(e)) return;
+                void errorDialog({
+                    Title: i18next.t("update.error.loadStateTitle"),
+                    Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+                });
+            });
+        const off = Events.On(EVENT_UPDATE_STATE, (ev: { data: UpdateState }) => {
+            if (ev?.data) setState(ev.data);
+        });
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+            off?.();
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    const prevInstallingRef = useRef(false);
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (state.installing && !prevInstallingRef.current) {
+            WindowManager.OpenInstallProgress(state.version || "").catch(console.error);
+        }
+        prevInstallingRef.current = state.installing;
+    }, [state.installing, state.version]);
+
+    const triggerUpdate = useCallback(() => {
+        setUpdating(true);
+        WindowManager.OpenInstallProgress(state.version || "").catch(console.error);
+        UpdateSvc.Trigger()
+            .catch(async (e) => {
+                if (isDaemonUnavailable(e)) return;
+                WindowManager.CloseInstallProgress().catch(console.error);
+                await errorDialog({
+                    Title: i18next.t("update.error.triggerTitle"),
+                    Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+                });
+            })
+            .finally(() => setUpdating(false));
+    }, [state.version]);
+
+    const value = useMemo<ClientVersionContextValue>(
+        () => ({
+            updateAvailable: state.available,
+            updateVersion: state.version || null,
+            enforced: state.enforced,
+            installing: state.installing,
+            triggerUpdate,
+            updating,
+        }),
+        [state, triggerUpdate, updating],
+    );
+
+    return <ClientVersionContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</ClientVersionContext.Provider>;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/DebugBundleContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/DebugBundleContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f2ed9041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/DebugBundleContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+import { createContext, useContext, useEffect, useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { Connection as ConnectionSvc, Debug as DebugSvc } from "@bindings/services";
+import type { DebugBundleResult } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import i18next from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors.ts";
+import { startConnection } from "@/lib/connection.ts";
+
+const NETBIRD_UPLOAD_URL = "https://upload.debug.netbird.io/upload-url";
+const TRACE_LOG_FILE_COUNT = 5;
+const PLAIN_LOG_FILE_COUNT = 1;
+const TRACE_LOG_LEVEL = "trace";
+const DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL = "info";
+
+export type DebugStage =
+    | { kind: "idle" }
+    | { kind: "preparing-trace" }
+    | { kind: "reconnecting" }
+    | { kind: "capturing"; remainingSec: number; totalSec: number }
+    | { kind: "restoring-level" }
+    | { kind: "bundling" }
+    | { kind: "uploading" }
+    | { kind: "cancelling" }
+    | { kind: "done"; result: DebugBundleResult; uploadAttempted: boolean };
+
+const sleep = (ms: number, signal: AbortSignal) =>
+    new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+        if (signal.aborted) {
+            reject(new DOMException("aborted", "AbortError"));
+            return;
+        }
+        const onAbort = () => {
+            clearTimeout(id);
+            reject(new DOMException("aborted", "AbortError"));
+        };
+        const id = setTimeout(() => {
+            signal.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+            resolve();
+        }, ms);
+        signal.addEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+    });
+
+const isAbort = (e: unknown) => e instanceof DOMException && e.name === "AbortError";
+
+const throwIfAborted = (signal: AbortSignal) => {
+    if (signal.aborted) throw new DOMException("aborted", "AbortError");
+};
+
+const setLogLevelBestEffort = async (level: string) => {
+    try {
+        await DebugSvc.SetLogLevel({ level });
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.warn("[DebugBundle] best-effort set log level failed", e);
+    }
+};
+
+const stopCaptureBestEffort = async () => {
+    try {
+        await DebugSvc.StopBundleCapture();
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.warn("[DebugBundle] best-effort stop packet capture failed", e);
+    }
+};
+
+type LevelState = { original: string; raised: boolean };
+type CaptureState = { started: boolean };
+
+type BundleOptions = {
+    trace: boolean;
+    capture: boolean;
+    capturePackets: boolean;
+    hasWindow: boolean;
+    totalSec: number;
+    uploadUrl: string;
+    anonymizeLevel: AnonymizeLevel;
+    systemInfo: boolean;
+};
+
+export type AnonymizeLevel = "none" | "default" | "strict";
+
+const startCaptureBestEffort = async (totalSec: number, pcap: CaptureState) => {
+    try {
+        // Mirror the CLI's safety margin: window + 30s, server caps at 10m.
+        await DebugSvc.StartBundleCapture(totalSec + 30);
+        pcap.started = true;
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.warn("[DebugBundle] start packet capture failed", e);
+    }
+};
+
+const cleanupBestEffort = async (pcap: CaptureState, level: LevelState, restoreLevel: boolean) => {
+    if (pcap.started) {
+        await stopCaptureBestEffort();
+        pcap.started = false;
+    }
+    if (restoreLevel && level.raised) {
+        await setLogLevelBestEffort(level.original);
+    }
+};
+
+const raiseToTrace = async (
+    signal: AbortSignal,
+    level: LevelState,
+    setStage: (s: DebugStage) => void,
+) => {
+    setStage({ kind: "preparing-trace" });
+    try {
+        const cur = await DebugSvc.GetLogLevel();
+        if (cur?.level) level.original = cur.level;
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.warn("[DebugBundle] read current log level failed", e);
+    }
+    throwIfAborted(signal);
+    await DebugSvc.SetLogLevel({ level: TRACE_LOG_LEVEL });
+    level.raised = true;
+};
+
+const cycleConnection = async (signal: AbortSignal, setStage: (s: DebugStage) => void) => {
+    throwIfAborted(signal);
+    setStage({ kind: "reconnecting" });
+    try {
+        await ConnectionSvc.Down();
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.warn("[DebugBundle] disconnect before capture failed", e);
+    }
+    throwIfAborted(signal);
+    await startConnection(undefined, signal);
+};
+
+const restoreLogLevel = async (level: LevelState, setStage: (s: DebugStage) => void) => {
+    setStage({ kind: "restoring-level" });
+    try {
+        await DebugSvc.SetLogLevel({ level: level.original });
+        level.raised = false;
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.warn("[DebugBundle] restore log level failed", e);
+    }
+};
+
+const waitCaptureWindow = async (
+    signal: AbortSignal,
+    setStage: (s: DebugStage) => void,
+    totalSec: number,
+) => {
+    for (let remaining = totalSec; remaining > 0; remaining--) {
+        setStage({ kind: "capturing", remainingSec: remaining, totalSec });
+        await sleep(1000, signal);
+    }
+};
+
+const runBundleFlow = async (
+    signal: AbortSignal,
+    opts: BundleOptions,
+    level: LevelState,
+    pcap: CaptureState,
+    setStage: (s: DebugStage) => void,
+    setLastBundlePath: (p: string) => void,
+) => {
+    if (opts.trace) {
+        await raiseToTrace(signal, level, setStage);
+    }
+    throwIfAborted(signal);
+
+    if (opts.capture) {
+        await cycleConnection(signal, setStage);
+    }
+    throwIfAborted(signal);
+
+    if (opts.hasWindow && opts.capturePackets) {
+        await startCaptureBestEffort(opts.totalSec, pcap);
+    }
+    throwIfAborted(signal);
+
+    if (opts.hasWindow) {
+        await waitCaptureWindow(signal, setStage, opts.totalSec);
+    }
+
+    if (pcap.started) {
+        await stopCaptureBestEffort();
+        pcap.started = false;
+    }
+
+    if (level.raised) {
+        await restoreLogLevel(level, setStage);
+    }
+
+    throwIfAborted(signal);
+    setStage({ kind: "bundling" });
+    const logFileCount = opts.trace ? TRACE_LOG_FILE_COUNT : PLAIN_LOG_FILE_COUNT;
+
+    if (opts.uploadUrl) setStage({ kind: "uploading" });
+    const result = await DebugSvc.Bundle({
+        anonymize: opts.anonymizeLevel !== "none",
+        // The daemon only knows "default" and "strict"; "none" is expressed
+        // through the anonymize flag being off.
+        anonymizeLevel: opts.anonymizeLevel === "strict" ? "strict" : "default",
+        systemInfo: opts.systemInfo,
+        uploadUrl: opts.uploadUrl,
+        logFileCount,
+    });
+    throwIfAborted(signal);
+    if (result.path) setLastBundlePath(result.path);
+    setStage({ kind: "done", result, uploadAttempted: Boolean(opts.uploadUrl) });
+};
+
+const useDebugBundle = () => {
+    const [anonymizeLevel, setAnonymizeLevel] = useState<AnonymizeLevel>("none");
+    const [systemInfo, setSystemInfo] = useState(true);
+    const [upload, setUpload] = useState(true);
+    const [trace, setTrace] = useState(true);
+    const [capture, setCapture] = useState(false);
+    const [traceMinutes, setTraceMinutes] = useState(1);
+    const [capturePackets, setCapturePackets] = useState(true);
+    const [stage, setStage] = useState<DebugStage>({ kind: "idle" });
+    const [lastBundlePath, setLastBundlePath] = useState<string>("");
+    const abortRef = useRef<AbortController | null>(null);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        return () => {
+            abortRef.current?.abort();
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    const isRunning = stage.kind !== "idle" && stage.kind !== "done";
+
+    const reset = () => setStage({ kind: "idle" });
+
+    const cancel = () => {
+        if (!abortRef.current || abortRef.current.signal.aborted) return;
+        abortRef.current.abort();
+        setStage({ kind: "cancelling" });
+    };
+
+    const run = async () => {
+        const ctrl = new AbortController();
+        abortRef.current = ctrl;
+        const signal = ctrl.signal;
+
+        const totalSec = Math.max(1, Math.min(30, traceMinutes)) * 60;
+        const level: LevelState = { original: DEFAULT_LOG_LEVEL, raised: false };
+        const pcap: CaptureState = { started: false };
+        const opts: BundleOptions = {
+            trace,
+            capture,
+            capturePackets,
+            hasWindow: capture && totalSec > 0,
+            totalSec,
+            uploadUrl: upload ? NETBIRD_UPLOAD_URL : "",
+            anonymizeLevel,
+            systemInfo,
+        };
+
+        try {
+            await runBundleFlow(signal, opts, level, pcap, setStage, setLastBundlePath);
+        } catch (e) {
+            if (isAbort(e)) {
+                setStage({ kind: "cancelling" });
+                await cleanupBestEffort(pcap, level, true);
+                setStage({ kind: "idle" });
+                return;
+            }
+            await cleanupBestEffort(pcap, level, false);
+            setStage({ kind: "idle" });
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: i18next.t("settings.error.debugBundleTitle"),
+                Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+            });
+        } finally {
+            if (abortRef.current === ctrl) abortRef.current = null;
+        }
+    };
+
+    const openBundleDir = () => {
+        if (!lastBundlePath) return;
+        DebugSvc.RevealFile(lastBundlePath).catch((err: unknown) =>
+            console.error("[DebugBundleContext] reveal failed", err),
+        );
+    };
+
+    return {
+        anonymizeLevel,
+        setAnonymizeLevel,
+        systemInfo,
+        setSystemInfo,
+        upload,
+        setUpload,
+        trace,
+        setTrace,
+        capture,
+        setCapture,
+        traceMinutes,
+        setTraceMinutes,
+        capturePackets,
+        setCapturePackets,
+        stage,
+        isRunning,
+        lastBundlePath,
+        run,
+        cancel,
+        reset,
+        openBundleDir,
+    };
+};
+
+export type DebugBundleContextValue = ReturnType<typeof useDebugBundle>;
+
+const DebugBundleContext = createContext<DebugBundleContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const DebugBundleProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const value = useDebugBundle();
+    return <DebugBundleContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</DebugBundleContext.Provider>;
+};
+
+export const useDebugBundleContext = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(DebugBundleContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("useDebugBundleContext must be used inside DebugBundleProvider");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/DialogContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/DialogContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a52e0dd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/DialogContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import {
+    createContext,
+    type ReactNode,
+    useCallback,
+    useContext,
+    useMemo,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+} from "react";
+import { ConfirmModal } from "@/components/dialog/ConfirmModal";
+
+export type ConfirmOptions = {
+    title: ReactNode;
+    description: ReactNode;
+    confirmLabel: string;
+    cancelLabel?: string;
+    danger?: boolean;
+};
+
+type DialogContextValue = {
+    confirm: (options: ConfirmOptions) => Promise<boolean>;
+};
+
+const DialogContext = createContext<DialogContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export function DialogProvider({ children }: Readonly<{ children: ReactNode }>) {
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+    const [options, setOptions] = useState<ConfirmOptions | null>(null);
+    const resolverRef = useRef<((result: boolean) => void) | null>(null);
+
+    const confirm = useCallback((opts: ConfirmOptions) => {
+        setOptions(opts);
+        setOpen(true);
+        return new Promise<boolean>((resolve) => {
+            resolverRef.current = resolve;
+        });
+    }, []);
+
+    const settle = (result: boolean) => {
+        resolverRef.current?.(result);
+        resolverRef.current = null;
+        setOpen(false);
+    };
+
+    const value = useMemo<DialogContextValue>(() => ({ confirm }), [confirm]);
+
+    return (
+        <DialogContext.Provider value={value}>
+            {children}
+            <ConfirmModal
+                open={open}
+                title={options?.title ?? ""}
+                description={options?.description ?? ""}
+                confirmLabel={options?.confirmLabel ?? ""}
+                cancelLabel={options?.cancelLabel}
+                danger={options?.danger}
+                onConfirm={() => settle(true)}
+                onCancel={() => settle(false)}
+            />
+        </DialogContext.Provider>
+    );
+}
+
+export const useConfirm = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(DialogContext);
+    if (!ctx) throw new Error("useConfirm must be used within a DialogProvider");
+    return ctx.confirm;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/NavSectionContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/NavSectionContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c08a3c824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/NavSectionContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { createContext, useContext, useMemo, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+
+export type NavSection = "peers" | "networks";
+
+type NavSectionContextValue = {
+    section: NavSection;
+    setSection: (s: NavSection) => void;
+};
+
+const NavSectionContext = createContext<NavSectionContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const useNavSection = (): NavSectionContextValue => {
+    const ctx = useContext(NavSectionContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("useNavSection must be used inside NavSectionProvider");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
+
+export const NavSectionProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const [section, setSection] = useState<NavSection>("peers");
+    const value = useMemo<NavSectionContextValue>(() => ({ section, setSection }), [section]);
+    return <NavSectionContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</NavSectionContext.Provider>;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/NetworksContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/NetworksContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef7231700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/NetworksContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+import {
+    createContext,
+    useCallback,
+    useContext,
+    useEffect,
+    useMemo,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+    type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { Networks as NetworksSvc } from "@bindings/services";
+import type { Network } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext";
+
+// A route that covers all traffic (0.0.0.0/0 or ::/0) is an exit node.
+// The daemon may merge a v4+v6 pair into a single comma-joined range string.
+export const isExitNode = (range: string): boolean =>
+    range.split(",").some((part) => {
+        const trimmed = part.trim();
+        return trimmed === "0.0.0.0/0" || trimmed === "::/0";
+    });
+
+type NetworksContextValue = {
+    routes: Network[];
+    networkRoutes: Network[];
+    exitNodes: Network[];
+    activeExitNode: Network | null;
+    refresh: () => Promise<void>;
+    toggleNetwork: (id: string, selected: boolean) => Promise<void>;
+    toggleExitNode: (id: string, selected: boolean) => Promise<void>;
+    setNetworksSelected: (ids: string[], selected: boolean) => Promise<void>;
+};
+
+const NetworksContext = createContext<NetworksContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const useNetworks = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(NetworksContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("useNetworks must be used inside NetworksProvider");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
+
+export const NetworksProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const { status } = useStatus();
+    const [routes, setRoutes] = useState<Network[]>([]);
+    const [pending, setPending] = useState<Map<string, boolean>>(new Map());
+    const pendingRef = useRef(pending);
+    useEffect(() => {
+        pendingRef.current = pending;
+    }, [pending]);
+
+    // Safety timer: if a prediction diverges from the daemon, the override would mask the true value forever.
+    const STUCK_OVERRIDE_MS = 4000;
+    const timersRef = useRef<Map<string, ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>>>(new Map());
+
+    const clearTimer = useCallback((id: string) => {
+        const tid = timersRef.current.get(id);
+        if (tid !== undefined) {
+            clearTimeout(tid);
+            timersRef.current.delete(id);
+        }
+    }, []);
+
+    const clearPendingFor = useCallback(
+        (ids: string[]) => {
+            for (const id of ids) clearTimer(id);
+            setPending((prev) => {
+                if (ids.every((id) => !prev.has(id))) return prev;
+                const next = new Map(prev);
+                for (const id of ids) next.delete(id);
+                return next;
+            });
+        },
+        [clearTimer],
+    );
+
+    const setPendingFor = useCallback(
+        (updates: Array<[string, boolean]>) => {
+            setPending((prev) => {
+                const next = new Map(prev);
+                for (const [id, sel] of updates) next.set(id, sel);
+                return next;
+            });
+            for (const [id] of updates) {
+                clearTimer(id);
+                timersRef.current.set(
+                    id,
+                    setTimeout(() => clearPendingFor([id]), STUCK_OVERRIDE_MS),
+                );
+            }
+        },
+        [clearTimer, clearPendingFor],
+    );
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        const timers = timersRef.current;
+        return () => {
+            for (const tid of timers.values()) clearTimeout(tid);
+            timers.clear();
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    const refresh = useCallback(async () => {
+        try {
+            const list = await NetworksSvc.List();
+            setRoutes(list);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.error("[NetworksContext] refresh failed", e);
+        }
+    }, []);
+
+    const networksRevision = status?.networksRevision;
+    useEffect(() => {
+        refresh().catch((err: unknown) => console.error("[NetworksContext] refresh failed", err));
+    }, [refresh, networksRevision]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (pendingRef.current.size === 0) return;
+        const confirmed: string[] = [];
+        for (const r of routes) {
+            const expected = pendingRef.current.get(r.id);
+            if (expected !== undefined && r.selected === expected) {
+                confirmed.push(r.id);
+            }
+        }
+        if (confirmed.length > 0) clearPendingFor(confirmed);
+    }, [routes, clearPendingFor]);
+
+    const mutate = useCallback(
+        async (ids: string[], selected: boolean, rollback: Array<[string, boolean]>) => {
+            try {
+                if (selected) {
+                    await NetworksSvc.Select({ networkIds: ids, append: true, all: false });
+                } else {
+                    await NetworksSvc.Deselect({ networkIds: ids, append: false, all: false });
+                }
+                // Don't clear pending here — let the snapshot-match effect confirm, else a refresh racing the RPC return flashes back.
+                await refresh();
+            } catch (e) {
+                console.error(e);
+                setPending((prev) => {
+                    const next = new Map(prev);
+                    for (const [id] of rollback) next.delete(id);
+                    return next;
+                });
+                throw e;
+            }
+        },
+        [refresh],
+    );
+
+    const toggleNetwork = useCallback(
+        async (id: string, selected: boolean) => {
+            const target = !selected;
+            setPendingFor([[id, target]]);
+            await mutate([id], target, [[id, selected]]).catch(() => {});
+        },
+        [mutate, setPendingFor],
+    );
+
+    const setNetworksSelected = useCallback(
+        async (ids: string[], selected: boolean) => {
+            if (ids.length === 0) return;
+            const prevById = new Map(routes.map((r) => [r.id, r.selected]));
+            const rollback: Array<[string, boolean]> = ids.map((id) => [
+                id,
+                prevById.get(id) ?? !selected,
+            ]);
+            setPendingFor(ids.map((id) => [id, selected]));
+            await mutate(ids, selected, rollback).catch(() => {});
+        },
+        [mutate, setPendingFor, routes],
+    );
+
+    // Daemon enforces exit-node mutual exclusion; mirror it locally so the optimistic paint matches.
+    const toggleExitNode = useCallback(
+        async (id: string, selected: boolean) => {
+            const target = !selected;
+            const updates: Array<[string, boolean]> = [[id, target]];
+            const rollback: Array<[string, boolean]> = [[id, selected]];
+            if (target) {
+                for (const r of routes) {
+                    if (r.id !== id && isExitNode(r.range) && r.selected) {
+                        updates.push([r.id, false]);
+                        rollback.push([r.id, true]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            setPendingFor(updates);
+            await mutate([id], target, rollback).catch(() => {});
+        },
+        [mutate, setPendingFor, routes],
+    );
+
+    const value = useMemo<NetworksContextValue>(() => {
+        const effective =
+            pending.size === 0
+                ? routes
+                : routes.map((r) => {
+                      const override = pending.get(r.id);
+                      return override === undefined || override === r.selected
+                          ? r
+                          : { ...r, selected: override };
+                  });
+        const networkRoutes = effective.filter((r) => !isExitNode(r.range));
+        const exitNodes = effective.filter((r) => isExitNode(r.range));
+        const activeExitNode = exitNodes.find((r) => r.selected) ?? null;
+        return {
+            routes: effective,
+            networkRoutes,
+            exitNodes,
+            activeExitNode,
+            refresh,
+            toggleNetwork,
+            toggleExitNode,
+            setNetworksSelected,
+        };
+    }, [routes, pending, refresh, toggleNetwork, toggleExitNode, setNetworksSelected]);
+
+    return <NetworksContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</NetworksContext.Provider>;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/PeerDetailContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/PeerDetailContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ab20891f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/PeerDetailContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import {
+    createContext,
+    useCallback,
+    useContext,
+    useMemo,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+    type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import type { PeerStatus } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+
+type PeerDetailContextValue = {
+    selected: PeerStatus | null;
+    setSelected: (p: PeerStatus | null) => void;
+};
+
+const PeerDetailContext = createContext<PeerDetailContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const usePeerDetail = (): PeerDetailContextValue => {
+    const ctx = useContext(PeerDetailContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("usePeerDetail must be used inside PeerDetailProvider");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
+
+export const PeerDetailProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const [selected, setSelected] = useState<PeerStatus | null>(null);
+    const openerRef = useRef<HTMLElement | null>(null);
+
+    const select = useCallback((p: PeerStatus | null) => {
+        if (p) {
+            const active = document.activeElement;
+            openerRef.current = active instanceof HTMLElement ? active : null;
+        } else {
+            const opener = openerRef.current;
+            openerRef.current = null;
+            if (opener?.isConnected) {
+                queueMicrotask(() => opener.focus());
+            }
+        }
+        setSelected(p);
+    }, []);
+
+    const value = useMemo<PeerDetailContextValue>(
+        () => ({ selected, setSelected: select }),
+        [selected, select],
+    );
+    return <PeerDetailContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</PeerDetailContext.Provider>;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/ProfileContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/ProfileContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62377f1bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/ProfileContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import {
+    createContext,
+    useCallback,
+    useContext,
+    useEffect,
+    useMemo,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+    type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Connection, ProfileSwitcher, Profiles as ProfilesSvc } from "@bindings/services";
+import type { Profile } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import i18next from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+const EVENT_PROFILE_CHANGED = "netbird:profile:changed";
+
+type ProfileContextValue = {
+    username: string;
+    // activeProfile is the display NAME of the active profile (for rendering
+    // and the "default" check). activeProfileId is its stable on-disk ID, used
+    // as the handle for daemon requests and for active-profile comparisons,
+    // since display names can collide.
+    activeProfile: string;
+    activeProfileId: string;
+    profiles: Profile[];
+    loaded: boolean;
+    refresh: () => Promise<void>;
+    switchProfile: (id: string) => Promise<void>;
+    switchProfileNoConnect: (id: string) => Promise<void>;
+    addProfile: (name: string) => Promise<string>;
+    removeProfile: (id: string) => Promise<void>;
+    renameProfile: (id: string, newName: string) => Promise<void>;
+    logoutProfile: (id: string) => Promise<void>;
+};
+
+const ProfileContext = createContext<ProfileContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const useProfile = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(ProfileContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("useProfile must be used inside ProfileProvider");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
+
+export const ProfileProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const [username, setUsername] = useState("");
+    const [activeProfile, setActiveProfile] = useState("");
+    const [activeProfileId, setActiveProfileId] = useState("");
+    const [profiles, setProfiles] = useState<Profile[]>([]);
+    const [loaded, setLoaded] = useState(false);
+    const retryRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+
+    const refresh = useCallback(async () => {
+        if (retryRef.current) {
+            clearTimeout(retryRef.current);
+            retryRef.current = null;
+        }
+        try {
+            const u = await ProfilesSvc.Username();
+            const [active, list] = await Promise.all([
+                ProfilesSvc.GetActive(),
+                ProfilesSvc.List(u),
+            ]);
+            setUsername(u);
+            setActiveProfile(active.profileName || "default");
+            setActiveProfileId(active.id || "default");
+            setProfiles(list);
+            setLoaded(true);
+        } catch (e) {
+            const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+            if (msg.includes("code = Unavailable")) {
+                retryRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
+                    void refresh();
+                }, 1000);
+                return;
+            }
+            setLoaded(true);
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: i18next.t("profile.error.loadTitle"),
+                Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+            });
+        }
+    }, []);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        refresh().catch((err: unknown) => console.error("[ProfileContext] refresh failed", err));
+        return () => {
+            if (retryRef.current) clearTimeout(retryRef.current);
+        };
+    }, [refresh]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        const off = Events.On(EVENT_PROFILE_CHANGED, () => {
+            refresh().catch((err: unknown) =>
+                console.error("[ProfileContext] refresh failed", err),
+            );
+        });
+        return () => {
+            off();
+        };
+    }, [refresh]);
+
+    // id is a handle: the daemon resolves an exact ID, ID prefix, or unique
+    // display name. The UI passes the profile's ID for precision.
+    const switchProfile = useCallback(
+        async (id: string) => {
+            await ProfileSwitcher.SwitchActive({ profileName: id, username });
+            await refresh();
+        },
+        [username, refresh],
+    );
+
+    // Manage-profiles variant: switches without connecting, so the user can
+    // still adjust the management URL before bringing the connection up.
+    const switchProfileNoConnect = useCallback(
+        async (id: string) => {
+            await ProfileSwitcher.SwitchActiveNoConnect({ profileName: id, username });
+            await refresh();
+        },
+        [username, refresh],
+    );
+
+    // addProfile creates a profile by display name and returns the
+    // daemon-generated ID, so the caller can immediately address it by ID.
+    const addProfile = useCallback(
+        async (name: string) => {
+            const id = await ProfilesSvc.Add({ profileName: name, username });
+            await refresh();
+            return id;
+        },
+        [username, refresh],
+    );
+
+    const removeProfile = useCallback(
+        async (id: string) => {
+            await ProfilesSvc.Remove({ profileName: id, username });
+            await refresh();
+        },
+        [username, refresh],
+    );
+
+    // The daemon resolves the handle (exact ID, ID prefix, or unique display
+    // name) — passing the ID is precise and avoids collisions on rename.
+    const renameProfile = useCallback(
+        async (id: string, newName: string) => {
+            await ProfilesSvc.Rename({ handle: id, newName, username });
+            await refresh();
+        },
+        [username, refresh],
+    );
+
+    const logoutProfile = useCallback(
+        async (id: string) => {
+            await Connection.Logout({ profileName: id, username });
+            await refresh();
+        },
+        [username, refresh],
+    );
+
+    const value = useMemo<ProfileContextValue>(
+        () => ({
+            username,
+            activeProfile,
+            activeProfileId,
+            profiles,
+            loaded,
+            refresh,
+            switchProfile,
+            switchProfileNoConnect,
+            addProfile,
+            removeProfile,
+            renameProfile,
+            logoutProfile,
+        }),
+        [
+            username,
+            activeProfile,
+            activeProfileId,
+            profiles,
+            loaded,
+            refresh,
+            switchProfile,
+            switchProfileNoConnect,
+            addProfile,
+            removeProfile,
+            renameProfile,
+            logoutProfile,
+        ],
+    );
+
+    return <ProfileContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</ProfileContext.Provider>;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..572bf17ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import {
+    createContext,
+    useCallback,
+    useContext,
+    useEffect,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+    type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Settings as SettingsSvc } from "@bindings/services";
+import { Restrictions } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext.tsx";
+
+const EVENT_SYSTEM = "netbird:event";
+const EMPTY = new Restrictions();
+
+const RestrictionsContext = createContext<Restrictions>(EMPTY);
+
+export const useRestrictions = () => useContext(RestrictionsContext);
+
+export const RestrictionsProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const [restrictions, setRestrictions] = useState<Restrictions>(EMPTY);
+    const mounted = useRef(true);
+    const { status } = useStatus();
+
+    const refresh = useCallback(async () => {
+        try {
+            const r = await SettingsSvc.GetRestrictions();
+            if (mounted.current) setRestrictions(r);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.error("[RestrictionsContext] refresh failed", e);
+        }
+    }, []);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        mounted.current = true;
+
+        const off = Events.On(
+            EVENT_SYSTEM,
+            (e: { data?: { metadata?: { [k: string]: string | undefined } } }) => {
+                if (e.data?.metadata?.type === "config_changed") refresh();
+            },
+        );
+
+        const onVisible = () => {
+            if (document.visibilityState === "visible") refresh();
+        };
+        document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", onVisible);
+
+        return () => {
+            mounted.current = false;
+            off();
+            document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", onVisible);
+        };
+    }, [refresh]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (status?.status) refresh();
+    }, [status?.status, refresh]);
+
+    return (
+        <RestrictionsContext.Provider value={restrictions}>{children}</RestrictionsContext.Provider>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7574c7e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+import {
+    createContext,
+    useCallback,
+    useContext,
+    useEffect,
+    useMemo,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+    type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Autostart, Settings as SettingsSvc, Version } from "@bindings/services";
+import type { Config } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import i18next from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { useProfile } from "@/contexts/ProfileContext.tsx";
+import { SettingsSkeleton } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSkeleton.tsx";
+import { errorCommand, errorDialog, formatErrorMessage as errorMessage } from "@/lib/errors.ts";
+
+const SAVE_DEBOUNCE_MS = 400;
+
+const logSaveError = (err: unknown) => console.error("[SettingsContext] save failed", err);
+
+export type AutostartState = { supported: boolean; enabled: boolean };
+
+// GuardedField is a setting the daemon only accepts from root/administrator.
+// Turning one on goes through saveGuardedField, which asks the operating system
+// for the privileges rather than sending a request that would be refused.
+export type GuardedField = "serverSshAllowed" | "enableSshRoot" | "disableSshAuth";
+
+type SettingsContextValue = {
+    config: Config;
+    guiVersion: string;
+    setField: <K extends keyof Config>(k: K, v: Config[K]) => void;
+    saveField: <K extends keyof Config>(k: K, v: Config[K]) => Promise<void>;
+    saveFields: (partial: Partial<Config>, opts?: { preSharedKey?: string }) => Promise<void>;
+    saveGuardedField: (k: GuardedField, v: boolean) => Promise<void>;
+    saveNow: () => Promise<void>;
+};
+
+type AutostartContextValue = {
+    autostart: AutostartState | null;
+    setAutostartEnabled: (enabled: boolean) => Promise<void>;
+};
+
+const SettingsContext = createContext<SettingsContextValue | null>(null);
+const AutostartContext = createContext<AutostartContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const useSettings = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(SettingsContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("useSettings must be used inside SettingsProvider");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
+
+export const useAutostartSetting = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(AutostartContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("useAutostartSetting must be used inside AutostartSettingsProvider");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
+
+type LoadedConfig = { profileName: string; data: Config };
+
+const useSettingsState = () => {
+    const { username, activeProfileId, loaded: profileLoaded } = useProfile();
+    const [loaded, setLoaded] = useState<LoadedConfig | null>(null);
+    const [guiVersion, setGuiVersion] = useState<string>("—");
+    const saveTimer = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+    const loadedRef = useRef<LoadedConfig | null>(null);
+    // Set when the daemon's config changed while a save was pending, so the read
+    // that was skipped to protect the pending edit happens once it is through.
+    // Without it the form keeps values the daemon no longer has and the next save
+    // submits them, which for a guarded setting means asking the user to authorize
+    // a change they never made.
+    const reloadOwed = useRef(false);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        loadedRef.current = loaded;
+    }, [loaded]);
+
+    // reload re-reads the daemon's config, which is authoritative. Used on
+    // mount, on the daemon's config_changed event, and to undo an optimistic
+    // update the daemon then rejected.
+    const reload = useCallback(
+        async (profileName: string) => {
+            reloadOwed.current = false;
+            try {
+                const data = await SettingsSvc.GetConfig({ profileName, username });
+                setLoaded({ profileName, data });
+            } catch (e) {
+                console.warn("[SettingsContext] reload after rejected save failed", e);
+            }
+        },
+        [username],
+    );
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!profileLoaded || !activeProfileId) return;
+        let cancelled = false;
+
+        const load = async (showError: boolean) => {
+            try {
+                const data = await SettingsSvc.GetConfig({
+                    profileName: activeProfileId,
+                    username,
+                });
+                if (cancelled) return;
+                // A pending edit outranks the daemon's copy until it is saved, so
+                // the read is owed rather than dropped: see reloadOwed.
+                if (saveTimer.current) {
+                    reloadOwed.current = true;
+                    return;
+                }
+                setLoaded({ profileName: activeProfileId, data });
+            } catch (e) {
+                if (cancelled || !showError) return;
+                await errorDialog({
+                    Title: i18next.t("settings.error.loadTitle"),
+                    Message: errorMessage(e),
+                });
+            }
+        };
+
+        load(true);
+
+        const off = Events.On(
+            "netbird:event",
+            (e: { data?: { metadata?: { [k: string]: string | undefined } } }) => {
+                if (e.data?.metadata?.type === "config_changed") load(false);
+            },
+        );
+
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+            off();
+        };
+    }, [profileLoaded, activeProfileId, username]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        let cancelled = false;
+        Version.GUI().then((v) => {
+            if (!cancelled) setGuiVersion(v);
+        });
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    useEffect(
+        () => () => {
+            if (saveTimer.current) clearTimeout(saveTimer.current);
+        },
+        [],
+    );
+
+    const save = useCallback(
+        async (profileName: string, next: Config, preSharedKey?: string) => {
+            const preSharedKeyWrite = preSharedKey === undefined ? {} : { preSharedKey };
+            try {
+                const { declined } = await SettingsSvc.SetConfig({
+                    ...next,
+                    ...preSharedKeyWrite,
+                    profileName,
+                    username,
+                });
+                // The change needed authorization and the user said no, so the
+                // optimistic update is wrong. Nothing to report: they know.
+                if (declined || reloadOwed.current) {
+                    await reload(profileName);
+                }
+            } catch (e) {
+                // The optimistic update is wrong now: the daemon refused it
+                // (a change that needs elevated privileges, an MDM-managed
+                // field, ...). Snap the controls back to what it actually
+                // holds before reporting, so the UI never shows a value the
+                // daemon does not have.
+                await reload(profileName);
+                await errorDialog({
+                    Title: i18next.t("settings.error.saveTitle"),
+                    Message: errorMessage(e),
+                    Command: errorCommand(e),
+                });
+            }
+        },
+        [username, reload],
+    );
+
+    const setField = useCallback(
+        <K extends keyof Config>(k: K, v: Config[K]) => {
+            const cur = loadedRef.current;
+            if (!cur) return;
+            const next: LoadedConfig = {
+                profileName: cur.profileName,
+                data: { ...cur.data, [k]: v },
+            };
+            loadedRef.current = next;
+            setLoaded(next);
+            if (saveTimer.current) clearTimeout(saveTimer.current);
+            saveTimer.current = setTimeout(() => {
+                saveTimer.current = null;
+                save(next.profileName, next.data).catch(logSaveError);
+            }, SAVE_DEBOUNCE_MS);
+        },
+        [save],
+    );
+
+    const saveNow = useCallback(async () => {
+        if (!loaded) return;
+        if (saveTimer.current) {
+            clearTimeout(saveTimer.current);
+            saveTimer.current = null;
+        }
+        await save(loaded.profileName, loaded.data);
+    }, [loaded, save]);
+
+    const saveField = useCallback(
+        async <K extends keyof Config>(k: K, v: Config[K]) => {
+            if (!loaded) return;
+            if (saveTimer.current) {
+                clearTimeout(saveTimer.current);
+                saveTimer.current = null;
+            }
+            const next = { ...loaded.data, [k]: v };
+            setLoaded({ profileName: loaded.profileName, data: next });
+            await save(loaded.profileName, next);
+        },
+        [loaded, save],
+    );
+
+    // saveGuardedField applies a setting the daemon restricts to
+    // root/administrator by having the Go side run the app again under the
+    // platform's elevation prompt (UAC, the macOS authentication dialog, polkit).
+    // The prompt is the user's, so the call is made straight from their gesture
+    // and never from the debounce.
+    const saveGuardedField = useCallback(
+        async (k: GuardedField, v: boolean) => {
+            const cur = loadedRef.current;
+            if (!cur) return;
+
+            // Flush what the debounce still owes, before the optimistic update
+            // below joins it: a later save carrying the guarded value would be
+            // refused, and its error dialog would be the second one for a change
+            // the user already authorized.
+            if (saveTimer.current) {
+                clearTimeout(saveTimer.current);
+                saveTimer.current = null;
+                await save(cur.profileName, cur.data);
+            }
+
+            const next: LoadedConfig = {
+                profileName: cur.profileName,
+                data: { ...cur.data, [k]: v },
+            };
+            loadedRef.current = next;
+            setLoaded(next);
+
+            try {
+                await SettingsSvc.SetGuardedSettings({
+                    profileName: cur.profileName,
+                    username,
+                    [k]: v,
+                });
+            } catch (e) {
+                // The daemon is authoritative either way, so re-read before
+                // reporting. A declined prompt is not an error and does not come
+                // through here at all; this is a prompt that could not be raised,
+                // which carries the command that would have done it.
+                await reload(cur.profileName);
+                await errorDialog({
+                    Title: i18next.t("settings.error.saveTitle"),
+                    Message: errorMessage(e),
+                    Command: errorCommand(e),
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+            // Either the change went through or the user declined it. The daemon
+            // says which.
+            await reload(cur.profileName);
+        },
+        [username, save, reload],
+    );
+
+    const saveFields = useCallback(
+        async (partial: Partial<Config>, opts?: { preSharedKey?: string }) => {
+            if (!loaded) return;
+            if (saveTimer.current) {
+                clearTimeout(saveTimer.current);
+                saveTimer.current = null;
+            }
+
+            const merged: Config = { ...loaded.data, ...partial };
+            const next: Config =
+                opts?.preSharedKey === undefined
+                    ? merged
+                    : { ...merged, preSharedKeySet: opts.preSharedKey !== "" };
+            setLoaded({ profileName: loaded.profileName, data: next });
+            await save(loaded.profileName, next, opts?.preSharedKey);
+        },
+        [loaded, save],
+    );
+
+    return {
+        config: loaded?.data ?? null,
+        guiVersion,
+        setField,
+        saveField,
+        saveFields,
+        saveGuardedField,
+        saveNow,
+    };
+};
+
+export const SettingsProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const { config, guiVersion, setField, saveField, saveFields, saveGuardedField, saveNow } =
+        useSettingsState();
+
+    const value = useMemo<SettingsContextValue | null>(
+        () =>
+            config
+                ? { config, guiVersion, setField, saveField, saveFields, saveGuardedField, saveNow }
+                : null,
+        [config, guiVersion, setField, saveField, saveFields, saveGuardedField, saveNow],
+    );
+
+    if (!value) {
+        return (
+            <div className={"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-y-auto px-7 py-8"}>
+                <SettingsSkeleton />
+            </div>
+        );
+    }
+
+    return <SettingsContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</SettingsContext.Provider>;
+};
+
+export const AutostartSettingsProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const [autostart, setAutostart] = useState<AutostartState | null>(null);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        let cancelled = false;
+        (async () => {
+            const supported = await Autostart.Supported();
+            const enabled = supported ? await Autostart.IsEnabled() : false;
+            if (cancelled) return;
+            setAutostart({ supported, enabled });
+        })().catch((err: unknown) => {
+            if (cancelled) return;
+            console.warn("[SettingsContext] load autostart state failed", err);
+            setAutostart({ supported: false, enabled: false });
+        });
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    const setAutostartEnabled = useCallback(async (enabled: boolean) => {
+        setAutostart((s) => (s ? { ...s, enabled } : s));
+        try {
+            await Autostart.SetEnabled(enabled);
+        } catch (e) {
+            setAutostart((s) => (s ? { ...s, enabled: !enabled } : s));
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: i18next.t("settings.general.autostart.errorTitle"),
+                Message: errorMessage(e),
+            });
+        }
+    }, []);
+
+    const value = useMemo<AutostartContextValue>(
+        () => ({ autostart, setAutostartEnabled }),
+        [autostart, setAutostartEnabled],
+    );
+
+    return <AutostartContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</AutostartContext.Provider>;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/StatusContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/StatusContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ad9c7875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/StatusContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import {
+    createContext,
+    useCallback,
+    useContext,
+    useEffect,
+    useMemo,
+    useState,
+    type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { DaemonFeed } from "@bindings/services";
+import { Status } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { DaemonOutdatedOverlay } from "@/components/empty-state/DaemonOutdatedOverlay.tsx";
+import { DaemonUnavailableOverlay } from "@/components/empty-state/DaemonUnavailableOverlay.tsx";
+import { isDaemonCompatible } from "@/lib/compat";
+
+const EVENT_STATUS = "netbird:status";
+
+type StatusContextValue = {
+    status: Status | null;
+    error: string | null;
+    refresh: () => Promise<void>;
+    isReady: boolean;
+    isDaemonUnavailable: boolean;
+    isDaemonAvailable: boolean;
+    isDaemonOutdated: boolean;
+};
+
+const StatusContext = createContext<StatusContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const useStatus = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(StatusContext);
+    if (!ctx) {
+        throw new Error("useStatus must be used inside StatusProvider");
+    }
+    return ctx;
+};
+
+export const StatusProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const [status, setStatus] = useState<Status | null>(null);
+    const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+    const [isDaemonOutdated, setIsDaemonOutdated] = useState(false);
+
+    const refresh = useCallback(async () => {
+        try {
+            const s = await DaemonFeed.Get();
+            setStatus(s);
+            setError(null);
+        } catch (e) {
+            // Synthesize DaemonUnavailable so cold-start-without-daemon isn't a blank UI (isReady stays false otherwise).
+            setStatus(Status.createFrom({ status: "DaemonUnavailable" }));
+            setError(String(e));
+        }
+    }, []);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        refresh().catch((err: unknown) => console.error("[StatusContext] refresh failed", err));
+        const off = Events.On(EVENT_STATUS, (ev: { data: Status }) => {
+            setStatus(ev.data);
+            setError(null);
+        });
+        return () => {
+            off();
+        };
+    }, [refresh]);
+
+    const isReady = status !== null;
+    const isDaemonUnavailable = isReady && status.status === "DaemonUnavailable";
+    const isDaemonAvailable = isReady && !isDaemonUnavailable;
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!isDaemonAvailable) return;
+        let cancelled = false;
+        isDaemonCompatible()
+            .then((ok) => {
+                if (!cancelled) setIsDaemonOutdated(!ok);
+            })
+            .catch((err) => {
+                console.error("[StatusContext] daemon compatible error", err);
+            });
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+        };
+    }, [isDaemonAvailable]);
+
+    const value = useMemo<StatusContextValue>(
+        () => ({
+            status,
+            error,
+            refresh,
+            isReady,
+            isDaemonUnavailable,
+            isDaemonAvailable,
+            isDaemonOutdated,
+        }),
+        [status, error, refresh, isReady, isDaemonUnavailable, isDaemonAvailable, isDaemonOutdated],
+    );
+
+    return (
+        <StatusContext.Provider value={value}>
+            {isDaemonAvailable && !isDaemonOutdated && children}
+            <DaemonUnavailableOverlay />
+            <DaemonOutdatedOverlay />
+        </StatusContext.Provider>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/ViewModeContext.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/ViewModeContext.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7db3abae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/contexts/ViewModeContext.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import {
+    createContext,
+    useCallback,
+    useContext,
+    useEffect,
+    useMemo,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+    type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { Window } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Preferences } from "@bindings/services";
+import { ViewMode as ViewModePref } from "@bindings/preferences/models.js";
+
+export type ViewMode = "default" | "advanced";
+
+// Don't pass a fixed height to Window.SetSize: macOS SetSize is frame (incl. ~28px
+// title bar) while creation is content, so re-asserting a constant chops the content on first switch.
+export const VIEW_WIDTH: Record<ViewMode, number> = {
+    default: 380,
+    advanced: 900,
+};
+
+type ViewModeContextValue = {
+    viewMode: ViewMode;
+    setViewMode: (mode: ViewMode) => void;
+};
+
+const ViewModeContext = createContext<ViewModeContextValue | null>(null);
+
+export const ViewModeProvider = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => {
+    const [mode, setMode] = useState<ViewMode>("default");
+    const modeRef = useRef<ViewMode>("default");
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        let cancelled = false;
+        Preferences.Get()
+            .then((prefs) => {
+                if (cancelled) return;
+                const saved = prefs?.viewMode as ViewMode | undefined;
+                if (saved === "default" || saved === "advanced") {
+                    modeRef.current = saved;
+                    setMode(saved);
+                }
+            })
+            .catch((err: unknown) =>
+                console.warn("[ViewModeContext] load preferences failed", err),
+            );
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    // Resize before flipping React state, else the layout paints into a window that hasn't grown yet.
+    const setViewMode = useCallback((mode: ViewMode) => {
+        if (modeRef.current === mode) return;
+        modeRef.current = mode;
+        (async () => {
+            const size = await Window.Size().catch((err: unknown) => {
+                console.warn("[ViewModeContext] read window size failed", err);
+                return null;
+            });
+            const width = VIEW_WIDTH[mode];
+            const height = size?.height ?? 640;
+            await Window.SetSize(width, height).catch((err: unknown) =>
+                console.warn("[ViewModeContext] set window size failed", err),
+            );
+            setMode(mode);
+            const pref =
+                mode === "advanced" ? ViewModePref.ViewModeAdvanced : ViewModePref.ViewModeDefault;
+            Preferences.SetViewMode(pref).catch((err: unknown) =>
+                console.error("[ViewModeContext] SetViewMode failed", err),
+            );
+        })().catch((err: unknown) => console.error("[ViewModeContext] setViewMode failed", err));
+    }, []);
+
+    const value = useMemo<ViewModeContextValue>(
+        () => ({ viewMode: mode, setViewMode }),
+        [mode, setViewMode],
+    );
+
+    return <ViewModeContext.Provider value={value}>{children}</ViewModeContext.Provider>;
+};
+
+export const useViewMode = () => {
+    const ctx = useContext(ViewModeContext);
+    if (!ctx) throw new Error("useViewMode must be used inside ViewModeProvider");
+    return ctx;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/globals.css b/client/ui/frontend/src/globals.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84ddfdcfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/globals.css
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+@font-face {
+    font-family: "Inter Variable";
+    font-style: normal;
+    font-weight: 100 900;
+    src: url("./assets/fonts/inter-variable.ttf") format("truetype");
+}
+
+@font-face {
+    font-family: "JetBrains Mono Variable";
+    font-style: normal;
+    font-weight: 100 800;
+    src: url("./assets/fonts/jetbrains-mono-variable.ttf") format("truetype");
+}
+
+@tailwind base;
+@tailwind components;
+@tailwind utilities;
+
+html,
+body,
+#root {
+    height: 100%;
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Body bg is fully opaque on purpose. The main window uses
+ * MacBackdropTranslucent (main.go) and TitleBarHiddenInset, which on macOS
+ * lets the desktop wallpaper bleed through any non-opaque pixel. A 90%
+ * body alpha meant two machines with different wallpapers saw different
+ * effective backgrounds. Matching Wails' BackgroundColour (#181A1D / nb-gray
+ * DEFAULT) here keeps things consistent regardless of the OS backdrop.
+ */
+body {
+    @apply bg-nb-gray font-sans text-nb-gray-200 antialiased;
+}
+
+.wails-draggable {
+    --wails-draggable: drag;
+    cursor: default;
+}
+
+.wails-no-draggable {
+    --wails-draggable: no-drag;
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useAutoSizeWindow.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useAutoSizeWindow.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4f4d80b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useAutoSizeWindow.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { useLayoutEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { Window } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import i18next from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { isLinux } from "@/lib/platform";
+
+// Sizes the current Wails window to the measured content height (keeping `width`),
+// then shows it. Re-applies on content resize and language change.
+export function useAutoSizeWindow<T extends HTMLElement>(width: number, ready: boolean = true) {
+    const ref = useRef<T | null>(null);
+    useLayoutEffect(() => {
+        const el = ref.current;
+        if (!el) return;
+        let shown = false;
+        let raf1 = 0;
+        let raf2 = 0;
+        const showOnce = () => {
+            if (shown) return;
+            shown = true;
+            Window.Show().catch(() => {});
+            Window.Focus().catch(() => {});
+        };
+        const apply = async () => {
+            if (!ready) return;
+            const h = Math.ceil(el.getBoundingClientRect().height);
+            if (h <= 0) return;
+            try {
+                // Window.SetSize takes the frame size, so add the OS title-bar height or content clips.
+                const frame = await Window.Size();
+                const targetH = h + Math.max(0, frame.height - window.innerHeight);
+                // Linux: SetSize no-ops on a mapped non-resizable window (X11), so pin via min/max instead.
+                if (isLinux()) {
+                    await Window.SetMinSize(width, targetH);
+                    await Window.SetMaxSize(width, targetH);
+                }
+                await Window.SetSize(width, targetH);
+                showOnce();
+            } catch {
+                // window gone / not ready — ignore
+            }
+        };
+        const scheduleApply = () => {
+            cancelAnimationFrame(raf1);
+            cancelAnimationFrame(raf2);
+            raf1 = requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+                raf2 = requestAnimationFrame(apply);
+            });
+        };
+        apply();
+        const ro = new ResizeObserver(apply);
+        ro.observe(el);
+        i18next.on("languageChanged", scheduleApply);
+        return () => {
+            ro.disconnect();
+            cancelAnimationFrame(raf1);
+            cancelAnimationFrame(raf2);
+            i18next.off("languageChanged", scheduleApply);
+        };
+    }, [width, ready]);
+    return ref;
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useFocusVisible.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useFocusVisible.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6061beb9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useFocusVisible.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+
+// Tracks the user's current input modality (keyboard vs pointer) at module
+// scope, mirroring what @react-aria/interactions does. Radix programmatically
+// focuses elements like Tabs triggers and Select triggers, which makes the
+// browser's :focus-visible heuristic light up on mouse-driven interactions too.
+// Gating focus styles on this hook lets us only paint a focus ring when the
+// user is actually navigating with the keyboard.
+// See react-aria's useFocusVisible for context.
+
+type Modality = "keyboard" | "pointer";
+
+let currentModality: Modality = "pointer";
+const subscribers = new Set<(m: Modality) => void>();
+
+const setModality = (m: Modality) => {
+    if (m === currentModality) return;
+    currentModality = m;
+    subscribers.forEach((cb) => cb(m));
+};
+
+const isKeyboardEvent = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+    if (e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey || e.altKey) return false;
+    return e.key === "Tab" || e.key === "Escape" || e.key.startsWith("Arrow");
+};
+
+if (globalThis.window !== undefined) {
+    globalThis.addEventListener(
+        "keydown",
+        (e) => {
+            if (isKeyboardEvent(e)) setModality("keyboard");
+        },
+        true,
+    );
+    globalThis.addEventListener("pointerdown", () => setModality("pointer"), true);
+}
+
+export const useFocusVisible = (): boolean => {
+    const [visible, setVisible] = useState(currentModality === "keyboard");
+    useEffect(() => {
+        setVisible(currentModality === "keyboard");
+        const cb = (m: Modality) => setVisible(m === "keyboard");
+        subscribers.add(cb);
+        return () => {
+            subscribers.delete(cb);
+        };
+    }, []);
+    return visible;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useKeepConnectedOnQuit.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useKeepConnectedOnQuit.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb68dd997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useKeepConnectedOnQuit.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { Preferences } from "@bindings/services";
+
+export const useKeepConnectedOnQuit = () => {
+    const [keepConnected, setKeepConnected] = useState<boolean | null>(null);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        let cancelled = false;
+        Preferences.Get()
+            .then((prefs) => {
+                if (cancelled) return;
+                setKeepConnected(prefs?.keepConnectedOnQuit ?? false);
+            })
+            .catch((err: unknown) => {
+                if (cancelled) return;
+                console.warn("[useKeepConnectedOnQuit] load preferences failed", err);
+                setKeepConnected(false);
+            });
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    const setKeepConnectedOnQuit = useCallback(async (keep: boolean) => {
+        setKeepConnected(keep);
+        try {
+            await Preferences.SetKeepConnectedOnQuit(keep);
+        } catch (err: unknown) {
+            setKeepConnected(!keep);
+            console.error("[useKeepConnectedOnQuit] SetKeepConnectedOnQuit failed", err);
+        }
+    }, []);
+
+    return { keepConnected, setKeepConnectedOnQuit };
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useKeyboardShortcut.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useKeyboardShortcut.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ea67d8375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useKeyboardShortcut.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import { useEffect } from "react";
+import { isMacOS } from "@/lib/platform";
+
+export type Shortcut = {
+    key: string;
+    cmd?: boolean;
+    shift?: boolean;
+    alt?: boolean;
+    preventDefault?: boolean;
+};
+
+export const useKeyboardShortcut = (shortcut: Shortcut, callback: () => void, enabled = true) => {
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!enabled) return;
+        const onKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+            if (e.key.toLowerCase() !== shortcut.key.toLowerCase()) return;
+            const mod = e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey;
+            if (!!shortcut.cmd !== mod) return;
+            if (!!shortcut.shift !== e.shiftKey) return;
+            if (!!shortcut.alt !== e.altKey) return;
+            if (shortcut.preventDefault !== false) e.preventDefault();
+            callback();
+        };
+        globalThis.addEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+        return () => globalThis.removeEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+    }, [
+        shortcut.key,
+        shortcut.cmd,
+        shortcut.shift,
+        shortcut.alt,
+        shortcut.preventDefault,
+        callback,
+        enabled,
+    ]);
+};
+
+export const formatShortcut = (shortcut: Shortcut): string => {
+    // navigator.platform is empty on some WebView2 builds → misrenders ⌘ as Ctrl on Mac.
+    const mac = isMacOS();
+    const parts: string[] = [];
+    if (shortcut.cmd) parts.push(mac ? "⌘" : "Ctrl");
+    if (shortcut.shift) parts.push(mac ? "⇧" : "Shift");
+    if (shortcut.alt) parts.push(mac ? "⌥" : "Alt");
+    parts.push(shortcut.key.length === 1 ? shortcut.key.toUpperCase() : shortcut.key);
+    return parts.join(mac ? "" : "+");
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useManagementUrl.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useManagementUrl.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a0ef1b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/useManagementUrl.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useSettings } from "@/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx";
+import { useConfirm } from "@/contexts/DialogContext.tsx";
+
+export const CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL = "https://api.netbird.io:443";
+const CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URLS = new Set([
+    CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL,
+    "https://api.wiretrustee.com:443", // legacy cloud endpoint
+]);
+
+export function isNetbirdCloud(url: string): boolean {
+    if (!url || url.trim() === "") return true;
+    return CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URLS.has(url);
+}
+
+// Matches http(s)://host[:port][/path][?query][#fragment]; host = domain, localhost, or IPv4.
+// Syntactic validation only — reachability is checked via checkManagementUrlReachable.
+export const URL_PATTERN = new RegExp(
+    String.raw`^(https?:\/\/)?` +
+        String.raw`((([a-z\d]([a-z\d-]*[a-z\d])?)\.)+[a-z]{2,}|localhost|` +
+        String.raw`((\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}))` +
+        String.raw`(\:\d+)?(\/[-a-z\d%_.~+]*)*` +
+        String.raw`(\?[;&a-z\d%_.~+=-]*)?` +
+        String.raw`(\#[-a-z\d_]*)?$`,
+    "i",
+);
+
+export function normalizeManagementUrl(input: string): string {
+    const trimmed = input.trim();
+    if (!trimmed) return "";
+    if (/^https?:\/\//i.test(trimmed)) return trimmed;
+    return `https://${trimmed}`;
+}
+
+export function isValidManagementUrl(input: string): boolean {
+    const trimmed = input.trim();
+    if (!trimmed) return false;
+    return URL_PATTERN.test(trimmed);
+}
+
+// Can false-negative for self-hosted behind internal DNS / self-signed certs — treat as a soft warning, not a hard block.
+export async function checkManagementUrlReachable(
+    url: string,
+    timeoutMs: number = 5000,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+    const target = normalizeManagementUrl(url);
+    if (!target) return false;
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), timeoutMs);
+    try {
+        await fetch(target, { method: "GET", mode: "no-cors", signal: controller.signal });
+        return true;
+    } catch {
+        return false;
+    } finally {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+    }
+}
+
+export enum ManagementMode {
+    Cloud = "cloud",
+    SelfHosted = "selfhosted",
+}
+
+function modeFromUrl(url: string): ManagementMode {
+    return isNetbirdCloud(url) ? ManagementMode.Cloud : ManagementMode.SelfHosted;
+}
+
+export function useManagementUrl() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const confirm = useConfirm();
+    const { config, saveField } = useSettings();
+    const [modeState, setModeState] = useState<ManagementMode>(modeFromUrl(config.managementUrl));
+    const [url, setUrl] = useState(
+        isNetbirdCloud(config.managementUrl) ? "" : config.managementUrl,
+    );
+    const [checking, setChecking] = useState(false);
+    const [unreachable, setUnreachable] = useState(false);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        setModeState(modeFromUrl(config.managementUrl));
+        if (!isNetbirdCloud(config.managementUrl)) {
+            setUrl(config.managementUrl);
+        }
+    }, [config.managementUrl]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        setUnreachable(false);
+    }, [url, modeState]);
+
+    const setMode = async (next: ManagementMode) => {
+        if (next === ManagementMode.Cloud && !isNetbirdCloud(config.managementUrl)) {
+            const ok = await confirm({
+                title: t("settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle"),
+                description: t("settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage"),
+                confirmLabel: t("settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm"),
+            });
+            if (!ok) return;
+            setModeState(ManagementMode.Cloud);
+            saveField("managementUrl", CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL).catch((err: unknown) =>
+                console.error("save managementUrl failed", err),
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+        setModeState(next);
+    };
+
+    const normalizedUrl = normalizeManagementUrl(url);
+    const urlValid = isValidManagementUrl(url);
+    const targetUrl = modeState === ManagementMode.Cloud ? CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL : normalizedUrl;
+    const dirty = targetUrl !== config.managementUrl;
+    const showError = modeState === ManagementMode.SelfHosted && url.trim() !== "" && !urlValid;
+    const canSave = dirty && (modeState === ManagementMode.Cloud || urlValid);
+    const displayUrl = modeState === ManagementMode.Cloud ? CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL : url;
+
+    const save = async () => {
+        if (modeState === ManagementMode.SelfHosted && !unreachable) {
+            setChecking(true);
+            const reachable = await checkManagementUrlReachable(targetUrl);
+            setChecking(false);
+            if (!reachable) {
+                setUnreachable(true);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        await saveField("managementUrl", targetUrl);
+        setUnreachable(false);
+    };
+
+    return {
+        mode: modeState,
+        setMode,
+        url,
+        setUrl,
+        displayUrl,
+        showError,
+        canSave,
+        save,
+        checking,
+        unreachable,
+    };
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/usePrivilege.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/usePrivilege.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d67fcc4b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/hooks/usePrivilege.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { Settings as SettingsSvc } from "@bindings/services";
+import { type Privilege } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+
+// usePrivilege reports whether this UI process may perform the changes the daemon
+// restricts to root/administrator. It is answered in-process from our own token
+// with the daemon's own rule, so there is no round-trip and it works while the
+// daemon is down.
+//
+// null means "not known yet", which includes the read having failed. Callers must
+// treat that as "do not restrict": the daemon enforces this regardless, so the
+// only thing a wrong guess here costs is a control that looks unavailable when it
+// is not, or a save that fails with the daemon's own guidance.
+export const usePrivilege = (): Privilege | null => {
+    const [privilege, setPrivilege] = useState<Privilege | null>(null);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        let cancelled = false;
+        SettingsSvc.Privilege()
+            .then((p) => {
+                if (!cancelled) setPrivilege(p);
+            })
+            .catch((e: unknown) => {
+                console.warn("[usePrivilege] read failed, not restricting controls", e);
+            });
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    return privilege;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/layouts/AppLayout.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/layouts/AppLayout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c2837b53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/layouts/AppLayout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { Outlet } from "react-router-dom";
+import { ClientVersionProvider } from "@/contexts/ClientVersionContext.tsx";
+import { StatusProvider } from "@/contexts/StatusContext.tsx";
+import { DebugBundleProvider } from "@/contexts/DebugBundleContext.tsx";
+import { ProfileProvider } from "@/contexts/ProfileContext.tsx";
+import { DialogProvider } from "@/contexts/DialogContext.tsx";
+import { RestrictionsProvider } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx";
+import { ReadySignal } from "@/components/ReadySignal.tsx";
+
+export const AppLayout = () => {
+    return (
+        <div className={"relative flex h-full flex-col"}>
+            <DialogProvider>
+                <StatusProvider>
+                    <ProfileProvider>
+                        <RestrictionsProvider>
+                            <DebugBundleProvider>
+                                <ClientVersionProvider>
+                                    <Outlet />
+                                    <ReadySignal />
+                                </ClientVersionProvider>
+                            </DebugBundleProvider>
+                        </RestrictionsProvider>
+                    </ProfileProvider>
+                </StatusProvider>
+            </DialogProvider>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/layouts/AppRightPanel.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/layouts/AppRightPanel.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8474bd71f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/layouts/AppRightPanel.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { motion } from "framer-motion";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn.ts";
+
+type Props = {
+    children: ReactNode;
+    overlay?: ReactNode;
+    overlayOpen?: boolean;
+    className?: string;
+};
+
+const PANEL_TRANSITION = {
+    duration: 0.32,
+    ease: [0.32, 0.72, 0, 1] as [number, number, number, number],
+};
+
+export const AppRightPanel = ({ children, overlay, overlayOpen = false, className }: Props) => {
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                "wails-no-draggable relative m-5",
+                "border border-nb-gray-920 bg-nb-gray-940",
+                "flex min-h-0 min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col overflow-hidden rounded-xl rounded-br-2xl",
+                className,
+            )}
+        >
+            <motion.div
+                animate={{ x: overlayOpen ? -48 : 0 }}
+                transition={PANEL_TRANSITION}
+                className={"flex min-h-0 min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col"}
+                style={{ pointerEvents: overlayOpen ? "none" : "auto" }}
+            >
+                {children}
+            </motion.div>
+            {overlay}
+        </div>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/cn.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/cn.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6a8be071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/cn.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { clsx, type ClassValue } from "clsx";
+import { twMerge } from "tailwind-merge";
+
+export function cn(...inputs: ClassValue[]) {
+    return twMerge(clsx(inputs));
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/compat.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/compat.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2981da90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/compat.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import { Compat } from "@bindings/services";
+
+let cached: boolean | null = null;
+
+/**
+ * isDaemonCompatible probes whether the running daemon implements the WailsUIReady
+ * RPC. A false result means the daemon predates this UI (Unimplemented) and is too
+ * old to drive it. The Go side returns an error instead when the daemon is simply
+ * unreachable, so a throw here is NOT an outdated daemon — treat it as "unknown"
+ * and let the normal connection flow report it.
+ *
+ * The result is cached for the session: daemon identity does not change without a
+ * UI restart, and a freshly started daemon is reachable again under the same socket.
+ */
+export async function isDaemonCompatible(): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (cached !== null) return cached;
+    cached = await Compat.DaemonReady();
+    return cached;
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/connection.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/connection.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc0e67cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/connection.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Connection, WindowManager } from "@bindings/services";
+import i18next from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors.ts";
+
+export const EVENT_BROWSER_LOGIN_CANCEL = "browser-login:cancel";
+export const EVENT_TRIGGER_LOGIN = "trigger-login";
+
+let connectionInFlight = false;
+
+type SsoState = {
+    cancelled: boolean;
+    offCancel?: () => void;
+    offSignal?: () => void;
+};
+
+async function openBrowserLoginUri(uri: string): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+        await WindowManager.OpenBrowserLogin(uri);
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.error(e);
+    }
+}
+
+function buildSsoCancelPromise(state: SsoState, signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<void> {
+    return new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+        state.offCancel = Events.On(EVENT_BROWSER_LOGIN_CANCEL, () => {
+            state.cancelled = true;
+            resolve();
+        });
+        if (!signal) return;
+        const onAbort = () => {
+            state.cancelled = true;
+            resolve();
+        };
+        if (signal.aborted) {
+            onAbort();
+            return;
+        }
+        signal.addEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+        state.offSignal = () => signal.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+    });
+}
+
+async function runSsoLogin(
+    result: {
+        verificationUri: string;
+        verificationUriComplete: string;
+        userCode: string;
+        profileId: string;
+    },
+    state: SsoState,
+    signal?: AbortSignal,
+): Promise<void> {
+    const uri = result.verificationUriComplete || result.verificationUri;
+    if (uri) await openBrowserLoginUri(uri);
+
+    const cancelPromise = buildSsoCancelPromise(state, signal);
+    // Combine wait + up in Go so the connection comes up the moment SSO
+    // completes. During SSO the tray window is hidden and the webview is
+    // suspended, so a frontend-driven Up (a promise continuation) would not
+    // fire until the user woke the window (e.g. hovering the tray icon).
+    const waitPromise = Connection.WaitSSOLoginAndUp(
+        { userCode: result.userCode, hostname: "", profileId: result.profileId },
+        { profileName: "", username: "" },
+    );
+
+    try {
+        await Promise.race([waitPromise, cancelPromise]);
+    } finally {
+        WindowManager.CloseBrowserLogin().catch(console.error);
+    }
+
+    if (state.cancelled) {
+        waitPromise.cancel?.();
+        waitPromise.catch(() => {});
+    }
+}
+
+export async function startConnection(onSettled?: () => void, signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<void> {
+    if (connectionInFlight || signal?.aborted) {
+        onSettled?.();
+        return;
+    }
+    connectionInFlight = true;
+
+    const state: SsoState = { cancelled: false };
+    let connectError: unknown;
+
+    try {
+        const result = await Connection.Login({
+            profileName: "",
+            username: "",
+            managementUrl: "",
+            setupKey: "",
+            preSharedKey: "",
+            hostname: "",
+            hint: "",
+        });
+
+        if (signal?.aborted) state.cancelled = true;
+
+        if (!state.cancelled && result.needsSsoLogin) {
+            // runSsoLogin brings the connection up in Go once SSO completes.
+            await runSsoLogin(result, state, signal);
+        } else {
+            if (!state.cancelled && signal?.aborted) state.cancelled = true;
+            if (!state.cancelled) {
+                await Connection.Up({ profileName: "", username: "" });
+            }
+        }
+    } catch (e) {
+        WindowManager.CloseBrowserLogin().catch(console.error);
+        if (!state.cancelled) connectError = e;
+    } finally {
+        state.offCancel?.();
+        state.offSignal?.();
+        connectionInFlight = false;
+        onSettled?.();
+    }
+
+    if (connectError !== undefined) {
+        await errorDialog({
+            Title: i18next.t("connect.error.loginTitle"),
+            Message: formatErrorMessage(connectError),
+        });
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (state.cancelled && signal) {
+        throw new DOMException("aborted", "AbortError");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/errors.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/errors.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4dee2717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/errors.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { WindowManager } from "@bindings/services";
+
+type ClassifiedError = { short: string; long: string; command: string };
+
+const asObject = (v: unknown): Record<string, unknown> | null =>
+    v && typeof v === "object" ? (v as Record<string, unknown>) : null;
+
+const parseJsonObject = (s: unknown): Record<string, unknown> | null => {
+    if (typeof s !== "string") return null;
+    const t = s.trim();
+    if (!t.startsWith("{") || !t.endsWith("}")) return null;
+    try {
+        return asObject(JSON.parse(t));
+    } catch {
+        return null;
+    }
+};
+
+const toWailsEnvelope = (e: unknown): Record<string, unknown> | null => {
+    const obj = asObject(e);
+    if (!obj) return null;
+    return asObject(obj.cause) ?? parseJsonObject(obj.message);
+};
+
+// Read { short, long, command } from wherever the classified error sits in the envelope
+const toClassifiedError = (v: unknown): ClassifiedError | null => {
+    const o = asObject(v);
+    if (!o) return null;
+    const short = typeof o.short === "string" ? o.short : "";
+    const long = typeof o.long === "string" ? o.long : "";
+    const command = typeof o.command === "string" ? o.command : "";
+    return short || long ? { short, long, command } : null;
+};
+
+const classify = (e: unknown): ClassifiedError | null => {
+    const envelope = toWailsEnvelope(e);
+    return toClassifiedError(envelope?.cause) ?? toClassifiedError(envelope);
+};
+
+export const formatErrorMessage = (e: unknown): string => {
+    // Prefer the structured { short, long } the daemon classifier produced.
+    const classified = classify(e);
+    if (classified) {
+        const { short, long } = classified;
+        if (short && long && long !== short) return `${short} Details: ${long}`;
+        if (short) return short;
+        if (long) return long;
+    }
+
+    // Unclassified (a service returned the raw daemon error)
+    const envelope = toWailsEnvelope(e);
+    const message = envelope?.message;
+    if (typeof message === "string" && message) return message;
+    if (e instanceof Error) return e.message;
+    return String(e);
+};
+
+// errorCommand returns a command the user can run to complete an operation the
+// daemon refused, when the error carries one (a change that needs elevated
+// privileges). Empty for every other error.
+export const errorCommand = (e: unknown): string => classify(e)?.command ?? "";
+
+export type ErrorDialogOptions = {
+    Title: string;
+    Message: string;
+    // Command is shown for copying below the message. Defaults to the one the
+    // error carries, so callers only pass it to override.
+    Command?: string;
+};
+
+export function errorDialog(options: ErrorDialogOptions): Promise<void> {
+    return WindowManager.OpenError(options.Title, options.Message, options.Command ?? "");
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/formatters.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/formatters.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..231967a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/formatters.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+export const formatBytes = (bytes: number, decimals: number = 2): string => {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(bytes) || bytes <= 0) return "0 B";
+
+    const k = 1024;
+    const sizes = ["B", "KB", "MB", "GB", "TB"];
+    const i = Math.min(sizes.length - 1, Math.floor(Math.log(bytes) / Math.log(k)));
+
+    return Number.parseFloat((bytes / Math.pow(k, i)).toFixed(decimals)) + " " + sizes[i];
+};
+
+export const latencyColor = (ms: number): string => {
+    if (ms <= 0) return "text-nb-gray-400";
+    if (ms < 100) return "text-green-400";
+    return "text-yellow-400";
+};
+
+export const formatRelative = (unixSeconds: number, nowMs: number = Date.now()): string | null => {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(unixSeconds) || unixSeconds <= 0) return null;
+    const diff = Math.max(0, Math.floor(nowMs / 1000 - unixSeconds));
+    if (diff < 60) return `${diff}s ago`;
+    if (diff < 3600) return `${Math.floor(diff / 60)}m ago`;
+    if (diff < 86400) return `${Math.floor(diff / 3600)}h ago`;
+    return `${Math.floor(diff / 86400)}d ago`;
+};
+
+// Base domain is operator-configurable, so cut at the first dot rather than match a known suffix.
+export const shortenDns = (fqdn: string | undefined | null): string => {
+    if (!fqdn) return "";
+    const dot = fqdn.indexOf(".");
+    return dot === -1 ? fqdn : fqdn.slice(0, dot);
+};
+
+// Countdown clock: mm:ss, widening to hh:mm:ss / dd:hh:mm:ss as the duration grows.
+export const formatRemaining = (seconds: number): string => {
+    const s = Math.max(0, Math.trunc(seconds));
+    const days = Math.floor(s / 86400);
+    const hours = Math.floor((s % 86400) / 3600);
+    const minutes = Math.floor((s % 3600) / 60);
+    const secs = s % 60;
+    const pad = (n: number) => String(n).padStart(2, "0");
+    if (days > 0) return `${pad(days)}:${pad(hours)}:${pad(minutes)}:${pad(secs)}`;
+    if (hours > 0) return `${pad(hours)}:${pad(minutes)}:${pad(secs)}`;
+    return `${pad(minutes)}:${pad(secs)}`;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/i18n.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/i18n.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dc7fc7902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/i18n.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import i18next from "i18next";
+import { initReactI18next } from "react-i18next";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+
+import { Preferences, I18n } from "@bindings/services";
+import { type LanguageCode } from "@bindings/i18n/models.js";
+
+// Relative path on purpose — alias globs (`@/…`) silently match nothing in some Vite dev setups.
+type BundleEntry = { message: string; description?: string };
+const bundleModules = import.meta.glob<Record<string, BundleEntry>>(
+    "../../../i18n/locales/*/common.json",
+    { eager: true, import: "default" },
+);
+
+const resources: Record<string, { common: Record<string, string> }> = {};
+for (const path in bundleModules) {
+    const match = /locales\/([^/]+)\/common\.json$/.exec(path);
+    if (match) {
+        const entries = bundleModules[path];
+        const messages: Record<string, string> = {};
+        for (const key in entries) {
+            messages[key] = entries[key].message;
+        }
+        resources[match[1]] = { common: messages };
+    }
+}
+
+function detectBrowserLanguage(available: string[]): string | null {
+    const tags = [navigator.language, ...(navigator.languages ?? [])].filter(
+        (tag): tag is string => typeof tag === "string" && tag.length > 0,
+    );
+    const byLower = new Map(available.map((code) => [code.toLowerCase(), code]));
+    for (const tag of tags) {
+        const lower = tag.toLowerCase();
+        const exact = byLower.get(lower);
+        if (exact) return exact;
+        const base = byLower.get(lower.split("-")[0]);
+        if (base) return base;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+// An empty persisted language code is the Go-side signal for first run.
+export async function initI18n(): Promise<void> {
+    const available = Object.keys(resources);
+    let language = "en";
+    let firstRun = false;
+    try {
+        const prefs = await Preferences.Get();
+        if (prefs?.language) {
+            language = prefs.language;
+        } else {
+            firstRun = true;
+            language = detectBrowserLanguage(available) ?? "en";
+        }
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.warn("read preferences for language failed, defaulting to en", e);
+    }
+
+    if (firstRun) {
+        Preferences.SetLanguage(language as LanguageCode).catch((err: unknown) =>
+            console.warn("persist detected language failed", err),
+        );
+    }
+
+    await i18next.use(initReactI18next).init({
+        lng: language,
+        fallbackLng: "en",
+        defaultNS: "common",
+        ns: ["common"],
+        resources,
+        interpolation: {
+            prefix: "{",
+            suffix: "}",
+            escapeValue: false,
+        },
+        returnNull: false,
+    });
+
+    syncDocumentLang();
+    i18next.on("languageChanged", syncDocumentLang);
+
+    Events.On("netbird:preferences:changed", (e) => {
+        const next = e.data?.language;
+        if (next && next !== i18next.language) {
+            i18next.changeLanguage(next).catch((err: unknown) => {
+                console.error("changeLanguage failed", err);
+            });
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+function syncDocumentLang() {
+    if (typeof document !== "undefined") {
+        document.documentElement.lang = i18next.language;
+    }
+}
+
+export async function loadLanguages() {
+    return I18n.Languages();
+}
+
+export default i18next;
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/logs.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/logs.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..499023fa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/logs.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import { UILog } from "@bindings/services";
+
+type Level = "trace" | "debug" | "info" | "warn" | "error";
+
+const METHOD_LEVELS: Record<string, Level> = {
+    trace: "trace",
+    debug: "debug",
+    log: "info",
+    info: "info",
+    warn: "warn",
+    error: "error",
+};
+
+const IGNORED_SOURCES = new Set(["welcome.ts"]);
+
+const RATE_LIMIT = 50;
+const RATE_WINDOW_MS = 1000;
+
+let installed = false;
+let inForward = false;
+let windowStart = 0;
+let windowCount = 0;
+
+function describeCause(rawCause: unknown): string {
+    if (rawCause instanceof Error) return `${rawCause.name}: ${rawCause.message}`;
+    if (typeof rawCause === "object" && rawCause !== null) {
+        try {
+            return JSON.stringify(rawCause);
+        } catch {
+            // Circular ref — fall through to a tag instead of "[object Object]".
+            return `<${rawCause.constructor?.name ?? "object"}>`;
+        }
+    }
+    return String(rawCause);
+}
+
+function formatCause(rawCause: unknown): string {
+    if (rawCause === undefined) return "";
+    return `\ncaused by ${describeCause(rawCause)}`;
+}
+
+// WebKit (macOS WKWebView) omits the "Name: message" header from Error.stack,
+// so a bare stack hides the real cause. Prepend name+message, then the stack.
+function formatError(e: Error): string {
+    const head = `${e.name}: ${e.message}`;
+    const cause = formatCause((e as { cause?: unknown }).cause);
+    if (!e.stack) return `${head}${cause}`;
+    if (e.stack.startsWith(head)) return `${head}${cause}`;
+    return `${head}${cause}\n${e.stack}`;
+}
+
+function format(args: unknown[]): string {
+    return args
+        .map((a) => {
+            if (typeof a === "string") return a;
+            if (a instanceof Error) return formatError(a);
+            try {
+                return JSON.stringify(a);
+            } catch {
+                return String(a);
+            }
+        })
+        .join(" ");
+}
+
+function parseStackLine(line: string): string {
+    // Find the file:line:col tail at the end of the path.
+    const colonCol = line.lastIndexOf(":");
+    if (colonCol <= 0) return "";
+    const colonLine = line.lastIndexOf(":", colonCol - 1);
+    if (colonLine <= 0) return "";
+    const col = line.slice(colonCol + 1);
+    const lineNo = line.slice(colonLine + 1, colonCol);
+    if (!/^\d+$/.test(col) || !/^\d+$/.test(lineNo)) return "";
+    const before = line.slice(0, colonLine);
+    const sep = Math.max(
+        before.lastIndexOf("/"),
+        before.lastIndexOf("\\"),
+        before.lastIndexOf("("),
+        before.lastIndexOf(" "),
+    );
+    const file = before.slice(sep + 1);
+    if (!file.includes(".")) return "";
+    return `${file}:${lineNo}`;
+}
+
+function callerSource(): string {
+    const stack = new Error().stack;
+    if (!stack) return "";
+    for (const line of stack.split("\n").slice(1)) {
+        if (line.includes("/logs.ts")) continue;
+        const parsed = parseStackLine(line);
+        if (parsed) return parsed;
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+function forward(level: Level, args: unknown[]) {
+    if (inForward) return;
+    inForward = true;
+    try {
+        const now = Date.now();
+        if (now - windowStart >= RATE_WINDOW_MS) {
+            windowStart = now;
+            windowCount = 0;
+        }
+        if (++windowCount > RATE_LIMIT) return;
+
+        const source = callerSource();
+        if (IGNORED_SOURCES.has(source.split(":")[0])) return;
+        // Don't touch console here — it would recurse back into forward().
+        UILog.Log(level, source, format(args)).catch(() => {});
+    } catch {
+        // Swallow — log forwarding must never throw back into the caller.
+    } finally {
+        inForward = false;
+    }
+}
+
+export function initLogForwarding() {
+    if (installed) return;
+    installed = true;
+
+    const c = console as unknown as Record<string, (...a: unknown[]) => void>;
+    for (const [method, level] of Object.entries(METHOD_LEVELS)) {
+        const original = c[method]?.bind(console);
+        c[method] = (...args: unknown[]) => {
+            original?.(...args);
+            forward(level, args);
+        };
+    }
+
+    globalThis.addEventListener("error", (e) => {
+        forward("error", [`uncaught error: ${e.message}`, e.error ?? ""]);
+    });
+    globalThis.addEventListener("unhandledrejection", (e) => {
+        forward("error", ["unhandled promise rejection:", e.reason]);
+    });
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/platform.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/platform.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c256dde23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/platform.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { System } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+
+export type Platform = {
+    isWindows: boolean;
+    isMacOS: boolean;
+};
+
+let cached: Platform | null = null;
+
+export async function initPlatform(): Promise<void> {
+    if (cached) return;
+
+    const syncIsMac = System.IsMac();
+    const syncIsWindows = System.IsWindows();
+
+    let env: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof System.Environment>> | null = null;
+    try {
+        env = await System.Environment();
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.error("[platform] System.Environment() threw:", e);
+    }
+
+    const os = (env?.OS ?? "").toLowerCase();
+    cached = {
+        isWindows: os ? os === "windows" : syncIsWindows,
+        isMacOS: os ? os === "darwin" : syncIsMac,
+    };
+}
+
+function get(): Platform {
+    if (!cached) {
+        throw new Error("platform: initPlatform() must complete before sync getters are used");
+    }
+    return cached;
+}
+
+export const isWindows = (): boolean => get().isWindows;
+export const isMacOS = (): boolean => get().isMacOS;
+export const isLinux = (): boolean => !get().isWindows && !get().isMacOS;
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/sorting.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/sorting.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70622f705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/sorting.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Stable, order-preserving reconciliation for lists that re-fetch from the daemon
+// on every status push (peers, networks, profiles). Re-sorting on each refresh would
+// make rows jump around under the user, so instead:
+//   - items already on screen keep their existing order (from `prev`),
+//   - items that vanished are dropped,
+//   - newly-arrived items are sorted among themselves (`compareFresh`) and appended.
+// Net effect: the only visible movement is new rows landing at the bottom.
+//
+// Must stay pure and idempotent: callers write the returned `order` into a ref
+// during render (useMemo), so a rerun must reproduce the first pass — never
+// branch on run count or read external mutable state.
+export function reconcileOrder<T>(
+    prev: string[],
+    items: T[],
+    keyOf: (item: T) => string,
+    compareFresh: (a: T, b: T) => number,
+): { order: string[]; items: T[] } {
+    const byKey = new Map(items.map((i) => [keyOf(i), i]));
+    const kept = prev.filter((k) => byKey.has(k));
+    const known = new Set(kept);
+    const fresh = items
+        .filter((i) => !known.has(keyOf(i)))
+        .sort(compareFresh)
+        .map(keyOf);
+    const order = [...kept, ...fresh];
+    return { order, items: order.map((k) => byKey.get(k)!) };
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/stallwatch.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/stallwatch.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aca7d75bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/stallwatch.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Detects webview suspension (macOS App Nap / hidden-window timer throttling).
+// While the webview is suspended no JS runs at all, so detection happens on
+// resume: a 1s interval measures wall-clock drift and reports how long timers
+// were frozen. Silent unless a stall actually occurred; a stalled webview is
+// what delays promise continuations such as the WaitSSOLogin → Up handoff.
+
+const INTERVAL_MS = 1000;
+const STALL_THRESHOLD_MS = 5000;
+const REPORT_COOLDOWN_MS = 60_000;
+
+let started = false;
+
+export function initStallWatch() {
+    if (started) return;
+    started = true;
+
+    let last = Date.now();
+    let lastReport = 0;
+    setInterval(() => {
+        const now = Date.now();
+        const stall = now - last - INTERVAL_MS;
+        last = now;
+        if (stall < STALL_THRESHOLD_MS) return;
+        if (now - lastReport < REPORT_COOLDOWN_MS) return;
+        lastReport = now;
+        console.warn(
+            `webview timers were suspended for ${(stall / 1000).toFixed(1)}s ` +
+                `(App Nap / hidden-window throttling); pending UI work ran late`,
+        );
+    }, INTERVAL_MS);
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/welcome.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/welcome.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9df3fc8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/lib/welcome.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+const ART = `
+    _   __     __  ____  _          __   ______          __    __  __
+   / | / /__  / /_/ __ )(_)________/ /  / ____/___ ___  / /_  / / / /
+  /  |/ / _ \\/ __/ __  / / ___/ __  /  / / __/ __ \`__ \\/ __ \\/ /_/ /
+ / /|  /  __/ /_/ /_/ / / /  / /_/ /  / /_/ / / / / / / /_/ / __  /
+/_/ |_/\\___/\\__/_____/_/_/   \\__,_/   \\____/_/ /_/ /_/_.___/_/ /_/
+`;
+
+export function welcome() {
+    const message = `%c${ART}%c
+NetBird — The Only Secure Access Platform You'll Ever Need.
+
+WEBSITE:      https://netbird.io/
+WE'RE HIRING: https://netbird.io/careers
+OPEN SOURCE:  https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird
+`;
+
+    // Intentional NetBird ASCII banner in the devtools console.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+    console.log(
+        message,
+        "color: #f68330; font-family: monospace; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1;",
+        "color: #f5f5f5; font-family: monospace; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4;",
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/auto-update/UpdateBadge.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/auto-update/UpdateBadge.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3345e0a9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/auto-update/UpdateBadge.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import { forwardRef, type HTMLAttributes } from "react";
+import { ArrowUpCircleIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+type Props = HTMLAttributes<HTMLDivElement> & {
+    size?: number;
+};
+
+export const UpdateBadge = forwardRef<HTMLDivElement, Props>(function UpdateBadge(
+    { size = 15, className, ...rest },
+    ref,
+) {
+    return (
+        <div
+            ref={ref}
+            className={cn("relative flex items-center justify-center", className)}
+            {...rest}
+        >
+            <span
+                className={
+                    "pointer-events-none absolute inline-flex h-[15px] w-[15px] animate-ping rounded-full bg-netbird opacity-20"
+                }
+            />
+            <ArrowUpCircleIcon size={size} className={"text-netbird"} />
+        </div>
+    );
+});
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/auto-update/UpdateInProgressDialog.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/auto-update/UpdateInProgressDialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1519613e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/auto-update/UpdateInProgressDialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { Loader2, XCircle } from "lucide-react";
+import { Update as UpdateSvc, WindowManager } from "@bindings/services";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { ConfirmDialog } from "@/components/dialog/ConfirmDialog";
+import { DialogActions } from "@/components/dialog/DialogActions";
+import { DialogDescription } from "@/components/dialog/DialogDescription";
+import { DialogHeading } from "@/components/dialog/DialogHeading";
+import { SquareIcon } from "@/components/SquareIcon";
+import { useAutoSizeWindow } from "@/hooks/useAutoSizeWindow";
+
+const TIMEOUT_MS = 15 * 60 * 1000;
+const POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 2000;
+// Sustained gRPC failure during install is taken as success (installer restarts the daemon mid-flight).
+const DAEMON_DOWN_GRACE_MS = 5000;
+const WINDOW_WIDTH = 360;
+
+type Phase =
+    | { kind: "running" }
+    | { kind: "timeout" }
+    | { kind: "canceled" }
+    | { kind: "failed"; message: string };
+
+export default function UpdateInProgressDialog() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [params] = useSearchParams();
+    const version = params.get("version") ?? "";
+    const [phase, setPhase] = useState<Phase>({ kind: "running" });
+    const phaseRef = useRef(phase);
+    phaseRef.current = phase;
+    const contentRef = useAutoSizeWindow<HTMLDivElement>(WINDOW_WIDTH);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        let cancelled = false;
+        let done = false;
+        let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+        const start = Date.now();
+        let firstUnreachableAt: number | null = null;
+
+        const poll = async () => {
+            if (cancelled || done) return;
+            if (phaseRef.current.kind !== "running") return;
+
+            if (Date.now() - start > TIMEOUT_MS) {
+                done = true;
+                setPhase({ kind: "timeout" });
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                const r = await UpdateSvc.GetInstallerResult();
+                if (cancelled || done || phaseRef.current.kind !== "running") return;
+                firstUnreachableAt = null;
+                if (r.success) {
+                    done = true;
+                    UpdateSvc.Quit().catch(console.error);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (r.errorMsg) {
+                    done = true;
+                    setPhase(mapInstallError(r.errorMsg));
+                    return;
+                }
+            } catch {
+                if (cancelled || done || phaseRef.current.kind !== "running") return;
+                const now = Date.now();
+                if (firstUnreachableAt === null) {
+                    firstUnreachableAt = now;
+                } else if (now - firstUnreachableAt >= DAEMON_DOWN_GRACE_MS) {
+                    done = true;
+                    UpdateSvc.Quit().catch(console.error);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!cancelled && !done) {
+                timer = setTimeout(poll, POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+            }
+        };
+
+        timer = setTimeout(poll, POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+            if (timer) clearTimeout(timer);
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    const isError = phase.kind !== "running";
+    const errorInfo = isError ? classifyPhase(phase, version, t) : null;
+    const updatingHeading = version
+        ? t("update.overlay.updatingVersion", { version })
+        : t("update.overlay.updating");
+
+    return (
+        <ConfirmDialog ref={contentRef}>
+            {isError ? (
+                <SquareIcon icon={XCircle} className={"bg-red-500 [&_svg]:text-white"} />
+            ) : (
+                <SquareIcon icon={Loader2} className={"[&_svg]:animate-spin"} />
+            )}
+
+            <div className={"flex flex-col items-center gap-2"}>
+                <DialogHeading className={"text-balance"}>
+                    {errorInfo ? errorInfo.title : updatingHeading}
+                </DialogHeading>
+                <DialogDescription>
+                    {errorInfo ? (
+                        <>
+                            {errorInfo.description}
+                            {errorInfo.message && (
+                                <>
+                                    <br />
+                                    <span className={"first-letter:uppercase"}>
+                                        {errorInfo.message}
+                                    </span>
+                                </>
+                            )}
+                        </>
+                    ) : (
+                        t("update.overlay.description")
+                    )}
+                </DialogDescription>
+            </div>
+
+            {isError && (
+                <DialogActions>
+                    <Button
+                        autoFocus
+                        variant={"secondary"}
+                        size={"md"}
+                        className={"w-full"}
+                        onClick={() => WindowManager.CloseInstallProgress().catch(console.error)}
+                    >
+                        {t("common.close")}
+                    </Button>
+                </DialogActions>
+            )}
+        </ConfirmDialog>
+    );
+}
+
+function mapInstallError(msg: string): Phase {
+    const m = msg.trim().toLowerCase();
+    if (m === "") return { kind: "failed", message: "" };
+    if (m.includes("deadline exceeded") || m.includes("timeout") || m.includes("timed out")) {
+        return { kind: "timeout" };
+    }
+    if (m.includes("canceled") || m.includes("cancelled") || m.includes("cancel")) {
+        return { kind: "canceled" };
+    }
+    return { kind: "failed", message: msg };
+}
+
+type Variant = { title: string; description: string; message?: string };
+
+function classifyPhase(
+    phase: Phase,
+    version: string,
+    t: (key: string, options?: Record<string, unknown>) => string,
+): Variant {
+    const target = version
+        ? t("update.overlay.error.targetVersion", { version })
+        : t("update.overlay.error.targetFallback");
+    switch (phase.kind) {
+        case "timeout":
+            return {
+                title: t("update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle"),
+                description: t("update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription", { target }),
+            };
+        case "canceled":
+            return {
+                title: t("update.overlay.error.canceledTitle"),
+                description: t("update.overlay.error.canceledDescription", { target }),
+            };
+        case "failed":
+            return {
+                title: t("update.overlay.error.failTitle"),
+                description: t("update.overlay.error.failDescription", { target }),
+                message: phase.message || t("update.overlay.error.unknownMessage"),
+            };
+        default:
+            return { title: "", description: "" };
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/auto-update/UpdateVersionCard.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/auto-update/UpdateVersionCard.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4861c492a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/auto-update/UpdateVersionCard.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import { type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Browser } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { DownloadIcon, NotepadText } from "lucide-react";
+import { Update as UpdateSvc } from "@bindings/services";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { useClientVersion } from "@/contexts/ClientVersionContext";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+const GITHUB_RELEASES = "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/latest";
+
+function openUrl(url: string) {
+    Browser.OpenURL(url).catch(() => {
+        window.open(url, "_blank");
+    });
+}
+
+function openInstallerDownload() {
+    UpdateSvc.DownloadURL()
+        .then(openUrl)
+        .catch(() => openUrl(GITHUB_RELEASES));
+}
+
+export function UpdateVersionCard() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { updateVersion, enforced, triggerUpdate } = useClientVersion();
+
+    if (updateVersion) {
+        const titleKey = enforced
+            ? "update.card.versionAvailableInstall"
+            : "update.card.versionAvailableDownload";
+        return (
+            <Card className={"max-w-lg"}>
+                <div>
+                    <Title>{t(titleKey, { version: updateVersion })}</Title>
+                    <Link
+                        url={`https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/releases/tag/v${updateVersion}`}
+                    >
+                        {t("update.card.whatsNew")}
+                    </Link>
+                </div>
+                {enforced ? (
+                    <Button variant={"primary"} size={"xs"} onClick={triggerUpdate}>
+                        {t("update.card.installNow")}
+                    </Button>
+                ) : (
+                    <Button variant={"primary"} size={"xs"} onClick={openInstallerDownload}>
+                        <DownloadIcon size={14} />
+                        {t("update.card.getInstaller")}
+                    </Button>
+                )}
+            </Card>
+        );
+    }
+
+    return (
+        <Card className={"max-w-lg"}>
+            <div>
+                <Title>{t("update.card.onLatestVersion")}</Title>
+                <p className={"text-sm text-nb-gray-300"}>{t("update.card.autoCheckInterval")}</p>
+            </div>
+            <Button variant={"primary"} size={"xs"} onClick={() => openUrl(GITHUB_RELEASES)}>
+                <NotepadText size={14} />
+                {t("update.card.changelog")}
+            </Button>
+        </Card>
+    );
+}
+
+function Card({ children, className }: Readonly<{ children: ReactNode; className?: string }>) {
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                "flex w-full items-center justify-between gap-4 rounded-md border border-nb-gray-800 bg-nb-gray-910 px-4 py-3",
+                className,
+            )}
+        >
+            {children}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+function Title({ children }: Readonly<{ children: ReactNode }>) {
+    return <p className={"text-sm font-semibold"}>{children}</p>;
+}
+
+function Link({ url, children }: Readonly<{ url: string; children: ReactNode }>) {
+    return (
+        <button
+            type={"button"}
+            onClick={() => openUrl(url)}
+            className={
+                "text-sm font-medium text-netbird hover:underline hover:decoration-[0.5px] hover:underline-offset-4"
+            }
+        >
+            {children}
+        </button>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/error/ErrorDialog.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/error/ErrorDialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4fbb78052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/error/ErrorDialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { AlertCircleIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { CopyToClipboard } from "@/components/CopyToClipboard";
+import { ConfirmDialog } from "@/components/dialog/ConfirmDialog";
+import { DialogActions } from "@/components/dialog/DialogActions";
+import { DialogDescription } from "@/components/dialog/DialogDescription";
+import { DialogHeading } from "@/components/dialog/DialogHeading";
+import { SquareIcon } from "@/components/SquareIcon";
+import { WindowManager } from "@bindings/services";
+import { useAutoSizeWindow } from "@/hooks/useAutoSizeWindow";
+
+const WINDOW_WIDTH = 380;
+// A command needs the room to wrap at a sensible number of characters instead of
+// breaking every few words.
+const WINDOW_WIDTH_WITH_COMMAND = 460;
+
+export default function ErrorDialog() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [params] = useSearchParams();
+
+    const title = params.get("title") || t("window.title.error");
+    const message = params.get("message") || "";
+    // Set when the daemon refused an operation that needs elevated privileges:
+    // the command that performs it, offered for copying.
+    const command = params.get("command") || "";
+    const contentRef = useAutoSizeWindow<HTMLDivElement>(
+        command ? WINDOW_WIDTH_WITH_COMMAND : WINDOW_WIDTH,
+    );
+
+    const close = useCallback(() => {
+        WindowManager.CloseError().catch(console.error);
+    }, []);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        const onKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+            if (e.key === "Escape") close();
+        };
+        globalThis.addEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+        return () => globalThis.removeEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+    }, [close]);
+
+    return (
+        <ConfirmDialog ref={contentRef} aria-labelledby={"nb-error-dialog-title"}>
+            <SquareIcon icon={AlertCircleIcon} variant={"danger"} />
+
+            <div className={"flex w-full flex-col items-center gap-1"}>
+                <DialogHeading id={"nb-error-dialog-title"} className={"text-balance"}>
+                    {title}
+                </DialogHeading>
+                {message && (
+                    <DialogDescription className={"text-balance"}>
+                        {/* select-text: the message often names a path, a flag or an
+                            address the user needs to act on. */}
+                        <span className={"select-text whitespace-pre-wrap break-words"}>
+                            {message}
+                        </span>
+                    </DialogDescription>
+                )}
+                {command && (
+                    <CopyToClipboard
+                        message={command}
+                        alwaysShowIcon
+                        wrap
+                        variant={"bright"}
+                        className={
+                            "mt-2 w-full items-start gap-2 rounded-md bg-nb-gray-930 px-3 py-2 text-left"
+                        }
+                        aria-label={t("common.copy")}
+                    >
+                        <code
+                            className={"select-text break-all font-mono text-xs text-nb-gray-200"}
+                        >
+                            {command}
+                        </code>
+                    </CopyToClipboard>
+                )}
+            </div>
+
+            <DialogActions>
+                <Button
+                    autoFocus
+                    variant={"primary"}
+                    size={"md"}
+                    className={"w-full"}
+                    onClick={close}
+                >
+                    {t("common.close")}
+                </Button>
+            </DialogActions>
+        </ConfirmDialog>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/login/LoginWaitingForBrowserDialog.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/login/LoginWaitingForBrowserDialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efbd1ee84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/login/LoginWaitingForBrowserDialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Loader2 } from "lucide-react";
+import { Connection } from "@bindings/services";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { ConfirmDialog } from "@/components/dialog/ConfirmDialog";
+import { DialogActions } from "@/components/dialog/DialogActions";
+import { DialogDescription } from "@/components/dialog/DialogDescription";
+import { DialogHeading } from "@/components/dialog/DialogHeading";
+import { SquareIcon } from "@/components/SquareIcon";
+import { useAutoSizeWindow } from "@/hooks/useAutoSizeWindow";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+const EVENT_CANCEL = "browser-login:cancel";
+const WINDOW_WIDTH = 360;
+
+export default function LoginWaitingForBrowserDialog() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [params] = useSearchParams();
+    const uri = params.get("uri") ?? "";
+    const contentRef = useAutoSizeWindow<HTMLDivElement>(WINDOW_WIDTH);
+    const openedRef = useRef(false);
+
+    const reportOpenFailure = useCallback(
+        (e: unknown) => {
+            void errorDialog({
+                Title: t("browserLogin.openFailedTitle"),
+                Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+            });
+        },
+        [t],
+    );
+
+    // Open the browser only after mount, or it lands on top of the still-hidden popup.
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!uri || openedRef.current) return;
+        openedRef.current = true;
+        Connection.OpenURL(uri).catch(reportOpenFailure);
+    }, [uri, reportOpenFailure]);
+
+    const tryAgain = useCallback(() => {
+        if (!uri) return;
+        Connection.OpenURL(uri).catch(reportOpenFailure);
+    }, [uri, reportOpenFailure]);
+
+    const cancel = useCallback(() => {
+        Events.Emit(EVENT_CANCEL).catch((err: unknown) =>
+            console.error("emit browser-login cancel", err),
+        );
+    }, []);
+
+    return (
+        <ConfirmDialog ref={contentRef} aria-labelledby={"nb-browser-login-title"}>
+            <SquareIcon icon={Loader2} className={"[&_svg]:animate-spin"} />
+
+            <div className={"flex flex-col items-center gap-2"}>
+                <DialogHeading id={"nb-browser-login-title"} className={"text-balance"}>
+                    {t("browserLogin.title")}
+                </DialogHeading>
+                <DialogDescription>
+                    {t("browserLogin.notSeeing")}{" "}
+                    <button
+                        type={"button"}
+                        onClick={tryAgain}
+                        disabled={!uri}
+                        className={
+                            "wails-no-draggable text-netbird hover:underline disabled:cursor-not-allowed disabled:opacity-40"
+                        }
+                    >
+                        {t("browserLogin.tryAgain")}
+                    </button>
+                </DialogDescription>
+            </div>
+
+            <DialogActions>
+                <Button
+                    autoFocus
+                    variant={"secondary"}
+                    size={"md"}
+                    className={"w-full"}
+                    onClick={cancel}
+                >
+                    {t("common.cancel")}
+                </Button>
+            </DialogActions>
+        </ConfirmDialog>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainConnectionStatusSwitch.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainConnectionStatusSwitch.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2a648278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainConnectionStatusSwitch.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Connection, WindowManager } from "@bindings/services";
+import { ToggleSwitch } from "@/components/switches/ToggleSwitch.tsx";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext.tsx";
+import { useProfile } from "@/contexts/ProfileContext.tsx";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn.ts";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors.ts";
+import {
+    startConnection,
+    EVENT_BROWSER_LOGIN_CANCEL,
+    EVENT_TRIGGER_LOGIN,
+} from "@/lib/connection.ts";
+import { CopyToClipboard } from "@/components/CopyToClipboard";
+import { TruncatedText } from "@/components/TruncatedText";
+import { shortenDns } from "@/lib/formatters";
+import { contentTop } from "@/components/empty-state/EmptyState";
+import { useFocusVisible } from "@/hooks/useFocusVisible";
+import { Check as CheckIcon, ChevronDownIcon, Copy as CopyIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import * as Popover from "@radix-ui/react-popover";
+import netbirdFullLogo from "@/assets/logos/netbird-full.svg";
+
+enum ConnectionState {
+    Disconnected = "disconnected",
+    Connecting = "connecting",
+    Connected = "connected",
+    Disconnecting = "disconnecting",
+}
+
+const STATUS_KEY: Record<ConnectionState, string> = {
+    [ConnectionState.Disconnected]: "connect.status.disconnected",
+    [ConnectionState.Connecting]: "connect.status.connecting",
+    [ConnectionState.Connected]: "connect.status.connected",
+    [ConnectionState.Disconnecting]: "connect.status.disconnecting",
+};
+
+const NEEDS_LOGIN_STATES = new Set(["NeedsLogin", "SessionExpired", "LoginFailed"]);
+
+const FORCE_TOGGLE_DELAY_MS = 7000;
+
+const errorMessage = formatErrorMessage;
+
+export const MainConnectionStatusSwitch = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { status, refresh } = useStatus();
+    const { activeProfileId, username } = useProfile();
+
+    const daemonState = status?.status ?? "Idle";
+    const needsLogin = NEEDS_LOGIN_STATES.has(daemonState);
+    const unreachable = daemonState === "DaemonUnavailable";
+
+    type Action = "connect" | "logging-in" | "disconnect" | null;
+    const [action, setAction] = useState<Action>(null);
+
+    const loginGuard = useRef(false);
+    const driveLogin = useCallback(() => {
+        if (loginGuard.current) return;
+        loginGuard.current = true;
+        setAction("logging-in");
+        void startConnection(() => {
+            loginGuard.current = false;
+            setAction(null);
+            refresh().catch((err: unknown) => console.error("refresh after login failed", err));
+        });
+    }, [refresh]);
+
+    const connState: ConnectionState = useMemo(() => {
+        if (action === "disconnect" && daemonState === "Connected") {
+            return ConnectionState.Disconnecting;
+        }
+        if ((action === "connect" || action === "logging-in") && daemonState !== "Connected") {
+            return ConnectionState.Connecting;
+        }
+        switch (daemonState) {
+            case "Connected":
+                return ConnectionState.Connected;
+            case "Connecting":
+                return ConnectionState.Connecting;
+            case "Idle":
+            case "NeedsLogin":
+            case "LoginFailed":
+            case "SessionExpired":
+            case "DaemonUnavailable":
+                return ConnectionState.Disconnected;
+            default:
+                return ConnectionState.Disconnected;
+        }
+    }, [daemonState, action]);
+
+    const connect = async () => {
+        setAction("connect");
+        try {
+            await Connection.Up({
+                profileName: activeProfileId,
+                username,
+            });
+            await refresh();
+        } catch (e) {
+            setAction(null);
+            await refresh();
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: t("connect.error.connectTitle"),
+                Message: errorMessage(e),
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    const disconnect = async () => {
+        setAction("disconnect");
+        try {
+            await Connection.Down();
+            await refresh();
+        } catch (e) {
+            setAction(null);
+            await refresh();
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: t("connect.error.disconnectTitle"),
+                Message: errorMessage(e),
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    const sawConnectingRef = useRef(false);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (action === null) {
+            sawConnectingRef.current = false;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (daemonState === "Connecting") {
+            sawConnectingRef.current = true;
+        }
+        if (action === "connect") {
+            if (needsLogin) {
+                driveLogin();
+                return;
+            }
+            if (daemonState === "Connected" || unreachable) {
+                setAction(null);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (sawConnectingRef.current && daemonState === "Idle") {
+                setAction(null);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        if (action === "disconnect") {
+            if (daemonState === "Idle" || daemonState === "Disconnected" || unreachable) {
+                setAction(null);
+            }
+        }
+    }, [action, daemonState, needsLogin, unreachable, driveLogin]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        const off = Events.On(EVENT_TRIGGER_LOGIN, () => {
+            driveLogin();
+        });
+        return () => off();
+    }, [driveLogin]);
+
+    const handleSwitch = (next: boolean) => {
+        if (unreachable) return;
+        if (isTransitioning) {
+            if (canForceCancel) void forceCancel();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (action !== null) return;
+        if (needsLogin) {
+            driveLogin();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (next && connState === ConnectionState.Disconnected) {
+            void connect();
+        } else if (!next && connState === ConnectionState.Connected) {
+            void disconnect();
+        }
+    };
+
+    const isTransitioning =
+        connState === ConnectionState.Connecting || connState === ConnectionState.Disconnecting;
+    const isOn =
+        connState === ConnectionState.Connected || connState === ConnectionState.Connecting;
+
+    const [canForceCancel, setCanForceCancel] = useState(false);
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!isTransitioning) {
+            setCanForceCancel(false);
+            return;
+        }
+        const id = setTimeout(() => setCanForceCancel(true), FORCE_TOGGLE_DELAY_MS);
+        return () => clearTimeout(id);
+    }, [isTransitioning]);
+
+    const forceCancel = async () => {
+        if (action === "logging-in") {
+            Events.Emit(EVENT_BROWSER_LOGIN_CANCEL).catch((err: unknown) =>
+                console.error("emit browser-login cancel failed", err),
+            );
+        }
+        WindowManager.CloseBrowserLogin().catch((err: unknown) =>
+            console.warn("close browser-login window failed", err),
+        );
+        setAction("disconnect");
+        try {
+            await Connection.Down();
+            await refresh();
+        } catch (e) {
+            setAction(null);
+            await refresh();
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: t("connect.error.disconnectTitle"),
+                Message: errorMessage(e),
+            });
+        }
+    };
+    const show = connState === ConnectionState.Connected;
+    const fqdn = status?.local.fqdn || "";
+    const ip = status?.local.ip || "";
+    const ipv6 = status?.local.ipv6 || "";
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn("flex h-full w-full flex-col items-center gap-4", "relative")}
+            style={{ top: contentTop("11.7rem") }}
+        >
+            <img
+                src={netbirdFullLogo}
+                alt={"NetBird"}
+                className={"wails-no-draggable mb-4 h-7 w-auto select-none"}
+                draggable={false}
+            />
+
+            <ToggleSwitch
+                size={"large"}
+                checked={isOn}
+                onCheckedChange={handleSwitch}
+                disabled={(isTransitioning && !canForceCancel) || unreachable}
+                aria-label={t("connect.toggle.label")}
+                aria-describedby={"nb-connection-status"}
+                aria-busy={isTransitioning}
+                className={cn(unreachable && "opacity-80", isTransitioning && "animate-pulse")}
+            />
+
+            <div className={"flex flex-col items-center"}>
+                <p
+                    id={"nb-connection-status"}
+                    role={"status"}
+                    aria-live={"polite"}
+                    className={
+                        "wails-no-draggable mb-1 select-none text-sm font-medium tracking-wide text-nb-gray-200 transition-colors duration-300"
+                    }
+                >
+                    {t(STATUS_KEY[connState])}
+                </p>
+                <CopyToClipboard
+                    message={fqdn}
+                    variant={"bright"}
+                    iconClassName={"-top-px"}
+                    tabIndex={show && fqdn ? 0 : -1}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "mt-1 max-h-[1em] min-h-[1em] max-w-full transition-opacity duration-300",
+                        "relative left-[0.55rem]",
+                        show && fqdn ? "opacity-100" : "pointer-events-none opacity-0",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    <TruncatedText
+                        text={shortenDns(fqdn) || " "}
+                        className={
+                            "block h-[18px] max-w-[310px] truncate font-mono text-[0.8rem] leading-tight text-nb-gray-300"
+                        }
+                    />
+                </CopyToClipboard>
+                <LocalIpLine ip={ip} ipv6={ipv6} show={show} />
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+const LocalIpLine = ({ ip, ipv6, show }: { ip: string; ipv6: string; show: boolean }) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+    const isFocusVisible = useFocusVisible();
+    const hasV6 = !!ipv6;
+
+    if (!hasV6) {
+        return (
+            <CopyToClipboard
+                message={ip}
+                variant={"bright"}
+                tabIndex={show && ip ? 0 : -1}
+                className={cn(
+                    "mt-1 max-h-[1em] min-h-[1em] transition-opacity duration-300",
+                    "relative left-[0.55rem]",
+                    show && ip ? "opacity-100" : "pointer-events-none opacity-0",
+                )}
+            >
+                <span className={"font-mono text-[0.8rem] leading-tight text-nb-gray-300"}>
+                    {ip || " "}
+                </span>
+            </CopyToClipboard>
+        );
+    }
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                "min-h-[1em] max-w-full transition-opacity duration-300",
+                "wails-no-draggable relative",
+                show && ip ? "opacity-100" : "pointer-events-none opacity-0",
+            )}
+        >
+            <Popover.Root open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+                <Popover.Trigger asChild>
+                    <button
+                        type={"button"}
+                        tabIndex={show && ip ? 0 : -1}
+                        aria-label={t("connect.localIp.label")}
+                        aria-haspopup={"dialog"}
+                        aria-expanded={open}
+                        className={cn(
+                            "group relative inline-flex cursor-default items-center rounded-sm outline-none",
+                            isFocusVisible &&
+                                "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                            "transition-colors",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        <span
+                            className={cn(
+                                "font-mono text-[0.8rem] leading-tight text-nb-gray-300 transition-colors",
+                                "group-hover:text-nb-gray-200",
+                                "group-data-[state=open]:text-nb-gray-200",
+                            )}
+                        >
+                            {ip || " "}
+                        </span>
+                        <ChevronDownIcon
+                            size={14}
+                            aria-hidden={"true"}
+                            className={cn(
+                                "absolute -right-5 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2",
+                                "shrink-0 text-nb-gray-300 transition-colors",
+                                "group-hover:text-nb-gray-200",
+                                "group-data-[state=open]:text-nb-gray-200",
+                            )}
+                        />
+                    </button>
+                </Popover.Trigger>
+                <Popover.Portal>
+                    <Popover.Content
+                        side={"bottom"}
+                        align={"center"}
+                        sideOffset={6}
+                        onOpenAutoFocus={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
+                        className={cn(
+                            "z-50 min-w-64 max-w-[280px] overflow-hidden",
+                            "rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-935",
+                            "p-1 text-nb-gray-200 shadow-lg outline-none",
+                            "flex flex-col",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        <IpRow value={ip} />
+                        <div className={"-mx-1 my-1 h-px bg-nb-gray-910"} />
+                        <IpRow value={ipv6} />
+                    </Popover.Content>
+                </Popover.Portal>
+            </Popover.Root>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+const IpRow = ({ value }: { value: string }) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+    const isFocusVisible = useFocusVisible();
+    const handleClick = async () => {
+        if (!value) return;
+        try {
+            await navigator.clipboard.writeText(value);
+            setCopied(true);
+            setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 500);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.warn("copy IP to clipboard failed", e);
+        }
+    };
+    return (
+        <button
+            type={"button"}
+            onClick={handleClick}
+            tabIndex={0}
+            aria-label={`${t("common.copy")} ${value}`}
+            className={cn(
+                "group/iprow relative flex items-center justify-between gap-3",
+                "rounded-md px-2 py-1.5 text-left",
+                "text-nb-gray-200 hover:bg-nb-gray-900 hover:text-nb-gray-50",
+                "cursor-default outline-none transition-colors",
+                isFocusVisible &&
+                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-white/60",
+            )}
+        >
+            <span className={"min-w-0 truncate font-mono text-[0.75rem]"}>{value}</span>
+            <span
+                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                className={"inline-flex shrink-0 items-center text-nb-gray-200"}
+            >
+                {copied ? <CheckIcon size={11} /> : <CopyIcon size={11} />}
+            </span>
+        </button>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainExitNodeSwitcher.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainExitNodeSwitcher.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc7ce37b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainExitNodeSwitcher.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+import { forwardRef, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import * as Popover from "@radix-ui/react-popover";
+import * as ScrollArea from "@radix-ui/react-scroll-area";
+import { Command } from "cmdk";
+import { Check, ChevronsUpDown, type LucideProps, SquareArrowUpRight } from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { TruncatedText } from "@/components/TruncatedText";
+import { useNetworks } from "@/contexts/NetworksContext";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext";
+import { useFocusVisible } from "@/hooks/useFocusVisible";
+
+const NONE_VALUE = "__none__";
+
+export const MainExitNodeSwitcher = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { status } = useStatus();
+    const { exitNodes, toggleExitNode } = useNetworks();
+    const active = exitNodes.find((n) => n.selected) ?? null;
+    const isConnected = status?.status === "Connected";
+    const hasAny = exitNodes.length > 0;
+    const disabled = !isConnected || !hasAny;
+
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+    const listRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+    const handleTriggerKeyDown = (e: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => {
+        if (open || disabled) return;
+        if (e.key === "ArrowDown" || e.key === "ArrowUp") {
+            e.preventDefault();
+            setOpen(true);
+        }
+    };
+
+    const handleSelect = (next: string) => {
+        setOpen(false);
+        if (next === NONE_VALUE) {
+            if (active)
+                toggleExitNode(active.id, true).catch((err: unknown) =>
+                    console.error("toggle exit node failed", err),
+                );
+            return;
+        }
+        if (active?.id === next) return;
+        toggleExitNode(next, false).catch((err: unknown) =>
+            console.error("toggle exit node failed", err),
+        );
+    };
+
+    const title = active ? active.id : t("exitNodes.card.title");
+    const activeDescription = active
+        ? t("exitNodes.card.statusActive")
+        : t("exitNodes.card.statusInactive");
+    const description = hasAny ? activeDescription : t("exitNodes.empty.title");
+
+    return (
+        <Popover.Root open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+            <Popover.Trigger asChild className={"wails-no-draggable"}>
+                <ExitNodeTriggerCard
+                    title={title}
+                    description={description}
+                    disabled={disabled}
+                    active={!!active}
+                    aria-label={t("exitNodes.dropdown.trigger")}
+                    aria-haspopup={"listbox"}
+                    aria-expanded={open}
+                    onKeyDown={handleTriggerKeyDown}
+                />
+            </Popover.Trigger>
+            <Popover.Portal>
+                <Popover.Content
+                    align={"center"}
+                    side={"top"}
+                    sideOffset={8}
+                    collisionPadding={12}
+                    onOpenAutoFocus={(e) => {
+                        e.preventDefault();
+                        listRef.current?.focus();
+                    }}
+                    style={{ width: "var(--radix-popover-trigger-width)" }}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "wails-no-draggable z-50 select-none overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-935 p-1 text-nb-gray-200 shadow-lg",
+                        "data-[state=open]:animate-in data-[state=closed]:animate-out",
+                        "data-[state=closed]:fade-out-0 data-[state=open]:fade-in-0",
+                        "data-[state=closed]:zoom-out-95 data-[state=open]:zoom-in-95",
+                        "data-[side=bottom]:slide-in-from-top-2 data-[side=left]:slide-in-from-right-2",
+                        "data-[side=right]:slide-in-from-left-2 data-[side=top]:slide-in-from-bottom-2",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    <Command
+                        loop
+                        shouldFilter={false}
+                        onKeyDown={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+                        className={"outline-none focus:outline-none focus-visible:outline-none"}
+                    >
+                        <Command.List
+                            ref={listRef}
+                            aria-label={t("exitNodes.dropdown.trigger")}
+                            className={"outline-none focus:outline-none focus-visible:outline-none"}
+                        >
+                            <NoneRow isActive={!active} onSelect={() => handleSelect(NONE_VALUE)} />
+                            {hasAny && <div className={"-mx-1 my-1 h-px bg-nb-gray-910"} />}
+                            {hasAny && (
+                                <ScrollArea.Root type={"auto"} className={"-mx-1 overflow-hidden"}>
+                                    <ScrollArea.Viewport className={"max-h-72 px-1"}>
+                                        {exitNodes.map((n) => (
+                                            <ExitNodeRow
+                                                key={n.id}
+                                                id={n.id}
+                                                label={n.id}
+                                                isActive={active?.id === n.id}
+                                                onSelect={() => handleSelect(n.id)}
+                                            />
+                                        ))}
+                                    </ScrollArea.Viewport>
+                                    <ScrollArea.Scrollbar
+                                        orientation={"vertical"}
+                                        className={cn(
+                                            "flex touch-none select-none transition-colors",
+                                            "w-1.5 bg-transparent",
+                                        )}
+                                    >
+                                        <ScrollArea.Thumb
+                                            className={
+                                                "relative flex-1 rounded-full bg-nb-gray-800 hover:bg-nb-gray-700"
+                                            }
+                                        />
+                                    </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
+                                </ScrollArea.Root>
+                            )}
+                        </Command.List>
+                    </Command>
+                </Popover.Content>
+            </Popover.Portal>
+        </Popover.Root>
+    );
+};
+
+type TriggerProps = React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> & {
+    title: string;
+    description: string;
+    active?: boolean;
+};
+
+const ExitNodeTriggerCard = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, TriggerProps>(
+    function ExitNodeTriggerCard(
+        { title, description, disabled, active = false, className, ...props },
+        ref,
+    ) {
+        const isFocusVisible = useFocusVisible();
+        return (
+            <button
+                ref={ref}
+                type={"button"}
+                tabIndex={0}
+                disabled={disabled}
+                className={cn(
+                    "flex w-full items-center gap-3 rounded-xl p-2.5 pr-5 text-left outline-none",
+                    "border border-nb-gray-920 bg-nb-gray-940",
+                    "transition-colors duration-150",
+                    "wails-no-draggable",
+                    isFocusVisible &&
+                        "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                    disabled
+                        ? "cursor-not-allowed opacity-60"
+                        : "cursor-default hover:border-nb-gray-900 hover:bg-nb-gray-935 data-[state=open]:border-nb-gray-900 data-[state=open]:bg-nb-gray-935",
+                    className,
+                )}
+                {...props}
+            >
+                <div
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "flex h-9 w-9 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-md",
+                        active
+                            ? "bg-green-500/25 text-green-400"
+                            : "bg-nb-gray-900 text-nb-gray-300",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    <ExitNodeIcon size={14} />
+                </div>
+                <div className={"min-w-0 flex-1"}>
+                    <span className={"block truncate text-sm font-medium text-nb-gray-100"}>
+                        {title}
+                    </span>
+                    <TruncatedText
+                        text={description}
+                        className={
+                            "block max-w-full truncate text-[0.85rem] font-medium text-nb-gray-400"
+                        }
+                    />
+                </div>
+                <ChevronsUpDown
+                    size={16}
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={"shrink-0 text-nb-gray-400"}
+                />
+            </button>
+        );
+    },
+);
+
+type NoneRowProps = {
+    isActive: boolean;
+    onSelect: () => void;
+};
+
+const NoneRow = ({ isActive, onSelect }: NoneRowProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    return (
+        <Command.Item
+            value={NONE_VALUE}
+            onSelect={onSelect}
+            className={cn(
+                "flex items-center gap-2 px-2 py-2 pr-3",
+                "cursor-default rounded-md text-sm outline-none",
+                "data-[selected=true]:bg-nb-gray-900",
+            )}
+        >
+            <span className={"min-w-0 flex-1 truncate"}>{t("exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle")}</span>
+            {isActive && (
+                <Check size={16} aria-hidden={"true"} className={"shrink-0 text-netbird"} />
+            )}
+        </Command.Item>
+    );
+};
+
+type ExitNodeRowProps = {
+    id: string;
+    label: string;
+    isActive: boolean;
+    onSelect: () => void;
+};
+
+const ExitNodeRow = ({ id, label, isActive, onSelect }: ExitNodeRowProps) => (
+    <Command.Item
+        value={id}
+        onSelect={onSelect}
+        className={cn(
+            "flex items-center gap-2 px-2 py-2 pr-3",
+            "cursor-default rounded-md text-sm outline-none",
+            "data-[selected=true]:bg-nb-gray-900",
+        )}
+    >
+        <span className={"min-w-0 flex-1 truncate"}>{label}</span>
+        {isActive && <Check size={16} aria-hidden={"true"} className={"shrink-0 text-netbird"} />}
+    </Command.Item>
+);
+
+const ExitNodeIcon = ({ size, ...props }: LucideProps) => (
+    <SquareArrowUpRight
+        {...props}
+        size={typeof size === "number" ? size - 2 : size}
+        className={cn("rotate-45", props.className)}
+    />
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainHeader.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainHeader.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..becfde47c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainHeader.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+import { useCallback, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import {
+    ArrowUpCircleIcon,
+    Check,
+    MoreVertical,
+    PanelsRightBottom,
+    RectangleVertical,
+    Settings,
+    type LucideIcon,
+} from "lucide-react";
+import { WindowManager } from "@bindings/services";
+import {
+    DropdownMenu,
+    DropdownMenuContent,
+    DropdownMenuItem,
+    DropdownMenuSeparator,
+    DropdownMenuShortcut,
+    DropdownMenuTrigger,
+} from "@/components/DropdownMenu";
+import { IconButton } from "@/components/buttons/IconButton";
+import { ProfileDropdown } from "@/modules/profiles/ProfileDropdown";
+import { useClientVersion } from "@/contexts/ClientVersionContext";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { formatShortcut, useKeyboardShortcut } from "@/hooks/useKeyboardShortcut";
+import { useViewMode, type ViewMode } from "@/contexts/ViewModeContext";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext";
+import { isWindows } from "@/lib/platform.ts";
+
+const SETTINGS_SHORTCUT = { key: ",", cmd: true } as const;
+
+export const MainHeader = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [menuOpen, setMenuOpen] = useState(false);
+    const { viewMode, setViewMode } = useViewMode();
+    const { updateAvailable } = useClientVersion();
+    const { mdm, features } = useRestrictions();
+
+    const openSettings = useCallback(() => {
+        setMenuOpen(false);
+        WindowManager.OpenSettings("").catch((err: unknown) =>
+            console.error("open settings window failed", err),
+        );
+    }, []);
+
+    useKeyboardShortcut(SETTINGS_SHORTCUT, openSettings);
+
+    const openAbout = () => {
+        setMenuOpen(false);
+        WindowManager.OpenSettings("about").catch((err: unknown) =>
+            console.error("open settings (about) window failed", err),
+        );
+    };
+
+    const openManageProfiles = () => {
+        WindowManager.OpenSettings("profiles").catch((err: unknown) =>
+            console.error("open settings (profiles) window failed", err),
+        );
+    };
+
+    const selectMode = (mode: ViewMode) => {
+        setMenuOpen(false);
+        setViewMode(mode);
+    };
+
+    const profileSlot = features.disableProfiles ? null : (
+        <ProfileDropdown onManageProfiles={openManageProfiles} />
+    );
+
+    const settingsSlot = (
+        <div className={"relative"}>
+            <DropdownMenu modal={false} open={menuOpen} onOpenChange={setMenuOpen}>
+                <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild className={"wails-no-draggable"}>
+                    <IconButton
+                        icon={MoreVertical}
+                        iconClassName={"text-nb-gray-200 wails-no-draggable"}
+                        className={"select-none"}
+                        aria-label={t("header.menu.open")}
+                        aria-haspopup={"menu"}
+                        aria-expanded={menuOpen}
+                    />
+                </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+                <DropdownMenuContent
+                    align={"end"}
+                    sideOffset={8}
+                    className={
+                        "min-w-52 select-none data-[state=closed]:!animate-none data-[state=closed]:!duration-0"
+                    }
+                >
+                    {updateAvailable && (
+                        <>
+                            <DropdownMenuItem onClick={openAbout}>
+                                <div className={"flex items-center gap-2"}>
+                                    <ArrowUpCircleIcon
+                                        size={14}
+                                        className={"text-netbird"}
+                                        aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                    />
+                                    <span className={"text-netbird"}>
+                                        {t("header.menu.updateAvailable")}
+                                    </span>
+                                </div>
+                            </DropdownMenuItem>
+                            <DropdownMenuSeparator />
+                        </>
+                    )}
+                    <DropdownMenuItem onClick={openSettings}>
+                        <div className={"flex w-full items-center gap-2"}>
+                            <Settings size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                            <span className={"flex-1"}>{t("header.menu.settings")}</span>
+                            <DropdownMenuShortcut>
+                                {formatShortcut(SETTINGS_SHORTCUT)}
+                            </DropdownMenuShortcut>
+                        </div>
+                    </DropdownMenuItem>
+                    {!mdm.disableAdvancedView && (
+                        <>
+                            <DropdownMenuSeparator />
+                            <ViewModeItem
+                                icon={RectangleVertical}
+                                label={t("header.menu.defaultView")}
+                                selected={viewMode === "default"}
+                                onSelect={() => selectMode("default")}
+                            />
+                            <ViewModeItem
+                                icon={PanelsRightBottom}
+                                label={t("header.menu.advancedView")}
+                                selected={viewMode === "advanced"}
+                                onSelect={() => selectMode("advanced")}
+                            />
+                        </>
+                    )}
+                </DropdownMenuContent>
+            </DropdownMenu>
+            {updateAvailable && (
+                <span
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={
+                        "pointer-events-none absolute right-1.5 top-1.5 flex h-2.5 w-2.5 items-center justify-center"
+                    }
+                >
+                    <span
+                        className={
+                            "absolute inset-0 animate-ping rounded-full bg-netbird opacity-60"
+                        }
+                    />
+                    <span className={"relative h-1.5 w-1.5 rounded-full bg-netbird"} />
+                </span>
+            )}
+        </div>
+    );
+
+    return (
+        <header
+            className={cn(
+                "wails-draggable relative z-10 shrink-0 cursor-default",
+                "top-3 flex h-12 items-center",
+            )}
+        >
+            {/* Windows narrower width compensates for the OS frame Wails counts differently than macOS.
+                See https://github.com/wailsapp/wails/issues/3260 */}
+            <div
+                className={cn(
+                    "grid shrink-0 grid-cols-3 items-center",
+                    isWindows() ? "w-[364px]" : "w-[380px]",
+                )}
+            >
+                <div />
+                <div className={"ml-4 flex justify-center"}>{profileSlot}</div>
+                <div />
+            </div>
+            <div className={"absolute right-[1.3rem] top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2"}>{settingsSlot}</div>
+        </header>
+    );
+};
+
+type ViewModeItemProps = {
+    icon: LucideIcon;
+    label: string;
+    selected: boolean;
+    onSelect: () => void;
+};
+
+const ViewModeItem = ({ icon: Icon, label, selected, onSelect }: ViewModeItemProps) => (
+    <DropdownMenuItem onClick={onSelect} role={"menuitemradio"} aria-checked={selected}>
+        <div className={"flex w-full items-center gap-2"}>
+            <Icon size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+            <span className={"flex-1"}>{label}</span>
+            {selected && <Check size={14} className={"text-netbird"} aria-hidden={"true"} />}
+        </div>
+    </DropdownMenuItem>
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainPage.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainPage.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c05b3a025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/MainPage.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import { MainConnectionStatusSwitch } from "@/modules/main/MainConnectionStatusSwitch.tsx";
+import { MainExitNodeSwitcher } from "@/modules/main/MainExitNodeSwitcher.tsx";
+import { MainHeader } from "@/modules/main/MainHeader.tsx";
+import { AppRightPanel } from "@/layouts/AppRightPanel.tsx";
+import { Navigation } from "@/modules/main/advanced/Navigation.tsx";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { NavSectionProvider, useNavSection } from "@/contexts/NavSectionContext";
+import { ViewModeProvider, useViewMode } from "@/contexts/ViewModeContext";
+import { useEffect } from "react";
+import { NotConnectedState } from "@/components/empty-state/NotConnectedState";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext";
+import { Peers } from "@/modules/main/advanced/peers/Peers";
+import { Networks } from "@/modules/main/advanced/networks/Networks";
+import { NetworksProvider } from "@/contexts/NetworksContext";
+import { PeerDetailProvider, usePeerDetail } from "@/contexts/PeerDetailContext";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext";
+import { PeerDetailPanel } from "@/modules/main/advanced/peers/PeerDetailPanel";
+import { isWindows } from "@/lib/platform.ts";
+
+export const MainPage = () => {
+    return (
+        <ViewModeProvider>
+            <MainHeader />
+            <NetworksProvider>
+                <PeerDetailProvider>
+                    <MainBody />
+                </PeerDetailProvider>
+            </NetworksProvider>
+        </ViewModeProvider>
+    );
+};
+
+const MainBody = () => {
+    const { viewMode, setViewMode } = useViewMode();
+    const { mdm, features } = useRestrictions();
+
+    // Force flip the view if MDM disabled advanced
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (mdm.disableAdvancedView && viewMode === "advanced") {
+            setViewMode("default");
+        }
+    }, [mdm.disableAdvancedView, viewMode, setViewMode]);
+
+    const isAdvanced = viewMode === "advanced";
+
+    return (
+        <main className={"wails-draggable flex min-h-0 flex-1"}>
+            {/* Windows narrower width compensates for the OS frame Wails counts differently than macOS.
+                See https://github.com/wailsapp/wails/issues/3260 */}
+            <div
+                className={cn(
+                    "relative flex shrink-0 flex-col items-center",
+                    isWindows() ? "w-[364px]" : "w-[380px]",
+                )}
+            >
+                <MainConnectionStatusSwitch />
+                {!features.disableNetworks && (
+                    <div className={"wails-no-draggable absolute bottom-5 left-5 right-5"}>
+                        <MainExitNodeSwitcher />
+                    </div>
+                )}
+            </div>
+            {isAdvanced && (
+                <NavSectionProvider>
+                    <AdvancedAppRightPanel />
+                </NavSectionProvider>
+            )}
+        </main>
+    );
+};
+
+const AdvancedAppRightPanel = () => {
+    const { section } = useNavSection();
+    const { selected } = usePeerDetail();
+    const { status } = useStatus();
+    const isConnected = status?.status === "Connected";
+
+    return (
+        <AppRightPanel
+            overlay={<PeerDetailPanel />}
+            overlayOpen={selected !== null}
+            className={"m-5 ml-0"}
+        >
+            <div
+                ref={(el) => {
+                    if (!el) return;
+                    if (isConnected) el.removeAttribute("inert");
+                    else el.setAttribute("inert", "");
+                }}
+                className={cn(
+                    "flex min-h-0 min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col",
+                    !isConnected && "pointer-events-none select-none",
+                )}
+                aria-hidden={!isConnected}
+            >
+                <Navigation />
+                <div
+                    role={"tabpanel"}
+                    id={`nb-tabpanel-${section}`}
+                    aria-labelledby={`nb-tab-${section}`}
+                    className={"flex min-h-0 flex-1 flex-col"}
+                >
+                    {section === "peers" && <Peers />}
+                    {section === "networks" && <Networks />}
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            {!isConnected && (
+                <div className={"pointer-events-auto absolute inset-0 z-20 flex bg-nb-gray-940"}>
+                    <NotConnectedState />
+                </div>
+            )}
+        </AppRightPanel>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/Navigation.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/Navigation.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d69f3580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/Navigation.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+import { type ComponentType, type KeyboardEvent, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Layers3Icon, type LucideProps, MonitorSmartphoneIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { useNavSection, type NavSection } from "@/contexts/NavSectionContext";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext";
+
+type TabEntry = {
+    value: NavSection;
+    label: string;
+    icon: ComponentType<LucideProps>;
+};
+
+export const Navigation = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { section, setSection } = useNavSection();
+    const { status } = useStatus();
+    const { features } = useRestrictions();
+    const isConnected = status?.status === "Connected";
+
+    // Reset back to peers tab if mdm or feature flag flipped it
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (features.disableNetworks && section === "networks") {
+            setSection("peers");
+        }
+    }, [features.disableNetworks, section, setSection]);
+
+    const tabs: TabEntry[] = [
+        {
+            value: "peers",
+            label: t("nav.peers.title"),
+            icon: MonitorSmartphoneIcon,
+        },
+    ];
+    if (!features.disableNetworks) {
+        tabs.push({
+            value: "networks",
+            label: t("nav.resources.title"),
+            icon: Layers3Icon,
+        });
+    }
+
+    const tabRefs = useRef<Record<string, HTMLButtonElement | null>>({});
+
+    const focusTab = (value: NavSection) => {
+        setSection(value);
+        requestAnimationFrame(() => tabRefs.current[value]?.focus());
+    };
+
+    const handleKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => {
+        const enabled = tabs.filter((t) => isConnected || t.value === section);
+        if (enabled.length < 2) return;
+        const currentIndex = enabled.findIndex((t) => t.value === section);
+        if (currentIndex === -1) return;
+        let nextIndex: number;
+        switch (e.key) {
+            case "ArrowRight":
+                nextIndex = (currentIndex + 1) % enabled.length;
+                break;
+            case "ArrowLeft":
+                nextIndex = (currentIndex - 1 + enabled.length) % enabled.length;
+                break;
+            case "Home":
+                nextIndex = 0;
+                break;
+            case "End":
+                nextIndex = enabled.length - 1;
+                break;
+            default:
+                return;
+        }
+        e.preventDefault();
+        focusTab(enabled[nextIndex].value);
+    };
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            role={"tablist"}
+            aria-orientation={"horizontal"}
+            aria-label={t("nav.peers.title")}
+            className={"wails-no-draggable flex shrink-0 items-stretch"}
+        >
+            {tabs.map((tab, index) => {
+                const isActive = tab.value === section;
+                const isDisabled = !isConnected && !isActive;
+                const isFirst = index === 0;
+                const isLast = index === tabs.length - 1;
+                const Icon = tab.icon;
+                return (
+                    <button
+                        key={tab.value}
+                        ref={(el) => {
+                            tabRefs.current[tab.value] = el;
+                        }}
+                        type={"button"}
+                        role={"tab"}
+                        aria-selected={isActive}
+                        aria-controls={`nb-tabpanel-${tab.value}`}
+                        id={`nb-tab-${tab.value}`}
+                        tabIndex={isActive ? 0 : -1}
+                        onClick={() => setSection(tab.value)}
+                        onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
+                        disabled={isDisabled}
+                        className={cn(
+                            "group relative flex flex-1 items-center justify-center",
+                            "gap-2.5 px-5 py-3.5",
+                            "outline-none transition-all",
+                            isFirst && "rounded-tl-xl",
+                            isLast && "rounded-tr-xl",
+                            "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-white/60",
+                            isActive ? "text-netbird" : "text-nb-gray-400 hover:text-nb-gray-300",
+                            isDisabled ? "cursor-not-allowed opacity-50" : "cursor-default",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        <Icon size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                        <span className={"text-sm font-normal"}>{tab.label}</span>
+                        <span
+                            aria-hidden={"true"}
+                            className={cn(
+                                "absolute inset-x-0 bottom-0 h-px transition-all",
+                                isActive
+                                    ? "bg-netbird"
+                                    : "bg-nb-gray-910 group-hover:bg-nb-gray-700",
+                            )}
+                        />
+                    </button>
+                );
+            })}
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+export type { NavSection } from "@/contexts/NavSectionContext";
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/networks/NetworkFilters.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/networks/NetworkFilters.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec1823f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/networks/NetworkFilters.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { CheckIcon, ChevronDown, ListFilter } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import {
+    DropdownMenu,
+    DropdownMenuContent,
+    DropdownMenuItem,
+    DropdownMenuTrigger,
+} from "@/components/DropdownMenu";
+
+export type NetworkFilter = "all" | "active" | "overlapping";
+
+type Props = {
+    value: NetworkFilter;
+    onChange: (value: NetworkFilter) => void;
+    counts: Record<NetworkFilter, number>;
+    disabled?: boolean;
+};
+
+export const NetworkFilters = ({ value, onChange, counts, disabled }: Props) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+    const filters: { value: NetworkFilter; label: string }[] = [
+        { value: "all", label: t("networks.filter.all") },
+        { value: "active", label: t("networks.filter.active") },
+        { value: "overlapping", label: t("networks.filter.overlapping") },
+    ];
+    const active = filters.find((f) => f.value === value) ?? filters[0];
+
+    const handleSelect = (v: NetworkFilter) => {
+        onChange(v);
+        setOpen(false);
+    };
+
+    return (
+        <DropdownMenu open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+            <DropdownMenuTrigger
+                disabled={disabled}
+                tabIndex={0}
+                aria-label={t("common.filter")}
+                className={cn(
+                    "inline-flex h-9 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md px-2",
+                    "text-sm text-nb-gray-200",
+                    "outline-none transition-colors duration-150 hover:bg-nb-gray-900 data-[state=open]:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                    "disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50",
+                    "wails-no-draggable cursor-default",
+                )}
+            >
+                <ListFilter size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} className={"shrink-0"} />
+                <span>
+                    {active.label} <span className={"tabular-nums"}>({counts[active.value]})</span>
+                </span>
+                <ChevronDown size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} className={"ml-0.5 shrink-0"} />
+            </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+            <DropdownMenuContent align={"end"} className={"min-w-[10rem]"}>
+                {filters.map((f) => {
+                    const checked = f.value === value;
+                    return (
+                        <DropdownMenuItem
+                            key={f.value}
+                            onClick={() => handleSelect(f.value)}
+                            role={"menuitemradio"}
+                            aria-checked={checked}
+                            className={"gap-2"}
+                        >
+                            <span className={"flex-1 truncate"}>
+                                {f.label}{" "}
+                                <span className={"tabular-nums"}>({counts[f.value]})</span>
+                            </span>
+                            <span
+                                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                className={"flex w-4 shrink-0 items-center justify-center"}
+                            >
+                                {checked && <CheckIcon size={14} className={"text-netbird"} />}
+                            </span>
+                        </DropdownMenuItem>
+                    );
+                })}
+            </DropdownMenuContent>
+        </DropdownMenu>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/networks/Networks.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/networks/Networks.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6fe23aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/networks/Networks.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+import {
+    type KeyboardEvent,
+    useEffect,
+    useMemo,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+    type ComponentType,
+    type ReactNode,
+} from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import * as ScrollArea from "@radix-ui/react-scroll-area";
+import { Virtuoso, type VirtuosoHandle } from "react-virtuoso";
+import { GlobeIcon, Layers3Icon, type LucideProps, NetworkIcon, WorkflowIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import type { Network } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { reconcileOrder } from "@/lib/sorting";
+import { CopyToClipboard } from "@/components/CopyToClipboard";
+import { Tooltip } from "@/components/Tooltip";
+import { TruncatedText } from "@/components/TruncatedText";
+import { SearchInput } from "@/components/inputs/SearchInput";
+import { EmptyState } from "@/components/empty-state/EmptyState";
+import { NoResults } from "@/components/empty-state/NoResults";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext";
+import { useNetworks } from "@/contexts/NetworksContext";
+import { type NetworkFilter, NetworkFilters } from "./NetworkFilters";
+
+// Daemon renders DNS-route prefixes (zero netip.Prefix) as "invalid Prefix".
+const INVALID_PREFIX = "invalid Prefix";
+
+const isDnsRoute = (n: Network): boolean =>
+    n.domains.length > 0 && (!n.range || n.range === INVALID_PREFIX);
+
+type ResourceType = "host" | "subnet" | "domain";
+
+const isHostCidr = (cidr: string): boolean => {
+    const [addr, bitsStr] = cidr.split("/");
+    if (!addr || !bitsStr) return false;
+    const bits = Number(bitsStr);
+    const isV6 = addr.includes(":");
+    return isV6 ? bits === 128 : bits === 32;
+};
+
+const resourceTypeOf = (n: Network): ResourceType => {
+    if (isDnsRoute(n)) return "domain";
+    const primary = n.range.split(",")[0].trim();
+    return isHostCidr(primary) ? "host" : "subnet";
+};
+
+const resourceIconFor = (type: ResourceType): ComponentType<LucideProps> => {
+    if (type === "host") return WorkflowIcon;
+    if (type === "domain") return GlobeIcon;
+    return NetworkIcon;
+};
+
+const buildOverlapMap = (
+    routes: { id: string; range: string; domains: string[] }[],
+): Map<string, string[]> => {
+    const byRange = new Map<string, string[]>();
+    for (const r of routes) {
+        if (r.domains.length > 0) continue;
+        const arr = byRange.get(r.range) ?? [];
+        arr.push(r.id);
+        byRange.set(r.range, arr);
+    }
+    const out = new Map<string, string[]>();
+    for (const [range, ids] of byRange) {
+        if (ids.length > 1) out.set(range, ids);
+    }
+    return out;
+};
+
+export const Networks = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { status } = useStatus();
+    const isConnected = status?.status === "Connected";
+    const { networkRoutes, toggleNetwork, setNetworksSelected } = useNetworks();
+    const [search, setSearch] = useState("");
+    const [filter, setFilter] = useState<NetworkFilter>("all");
+    const [scrollParent, setScrollParent] = useState<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+    const searchRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        searchRef.current?.focus();
+    }, []);
+
+    const overlapGroups = useMemo(() => buildOverlapMap(networkRoutes), [networkRoutes]);
+
+    const overlapById = useMemo(() => {
+        const map = new Map<string, string[]>();
+        for (const ids of overlapGroups.values()) {
+            for (const id of ids) map.set(id, ids);
+        }
+        return map;
+    }, [overlapGroups]);
+
+    const counts = useMemo<Record<NetworkFilter, number>>(
+        () => ({
+            all: networkRoutes.length,
+            active: networkRoutes.filter((r) => r.selected).length,
+            overlapping: overlapById.size,
+        }),
+        [networkRoutes, overlapById],
+    );
+
+    const orderRef = useRef<string[]>([]);
+    const ordered = useMemo(() => {
+        const { order, items } = reconcileOrder(
+            orderRef.current,
+            networkRoutes,
+            (r) => r.id,
+            (a, b) => {
+                if (a.selected !== b.selected) return a.selected ? -1 : 1;
+                return a.id.localeCompare(b.id);
+            },
+        );
+        orderRef.current = order;
+        return items;
+    }, [networkRoutes]);
+
+    const filtered = useMemo(() => {
+        const q = search.trim().toLowerCase();
+        return ordered.filter((r) => {
+            if (filter === "active" && !r.selected) return false;
+            if (filter === "overlapping" && !overlapById.has(r.id)) return false;
+            if (q) {
+                const haystack = [r.id, r.range, ...r.domains].join(" ").toLowerCase();
+                if (!haystack.includes(q)) return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        });
+    }, [ordered, search, filter, overlapById]);
+
+    if (isConnected && networkRoutes.length === 0) {
+        return (
+            <EmptyState
+                icon={Layers3Icon}
+                title={t("networks.empty.title")}
+                description={t("networks.empty.description")}
+            />
+        );
+    }
+
+    const selectedInView = filtered.filter((r) => r.selected).length;
+    const allSelected = filtered.length > 0 && selectedInView === filtered.length;
+    const bulkLabel = allSelected ? t("networks.bulk.disableAll") : t("networks.bulk.enableAll");
+
+    const onBulkClick = () => {
+        if (filtered.length === 0) return;
+        if (allSelected) {
+            setNetworksSelected(
+                filtered.map((r) => r.id),
+                false,
+            ).catch((err: unknown) => console.error("disable all networks failed", err));
+        } else {
+            const ids = filtered.filter((r) => !r.selected).map((r) => r.id);
+            setNetworksSelected(ids, true).catch((err: unknown) =>
+                console.error("enable all networks failed", err),
+            );
+        }
+    };
+
+    return (
+        <div className={"flex h-full min-h-0 w-full flex-col"}>
+            <div className={"flex items-center gap-2 border-b border-nb-gray-910 px-6 py-2.5"}>
+                <div className={"min-w-0 flex-1"}>
+                    <SearchInput
+                        ref={searchRef}
+                        placeholder={t("networks.search.placeholder")}
+                        value={search}
+                        onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
+                    />
+                </div>
+                <NetworkFilters value={filter} onChange={setFilter} counts={counts} />
+            </div>
+            {filtered.length === 0 ? (
+                <NoResults />
+            ) : (
+                <ScrollArea.Root type={"auto"} className={"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden"}>
+                    <ScrollArea.Viewport ref={setScrollParent} className={"h-full w-full"}>
+                        {scrollParent && (
+                            <NetworksList
+                                data={filtered}
+                                onToggle={toggleNetwork}
+                                scrollParent={scrollParent}
+                            />
+                        )}
+                    </ScrollArea.Viewport>
+                    <ScrollArea.Scrollbar
+                        orientation={"vertical"}
+                        className={cn(
+                            "flex touch-none select-none transition-colors",
+                            "w-1.5 bg-transparent py-1",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        <ScrollArea.Thumb
+                            className={
+                                "relative flex-1 rounded-full bg-nb-gray-800 hover:bg-nb-gray-700"
+                            }
+                        />
+                    </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
+                </ScrollArea.Root>
+            )}
+            {filtered.length > 0 && (
+                <div
+                    className={cn(
+                        "flex items-center gap-3 px-6 py-3.5",
+                        "border-t border-nb-gray-910",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    <span className={"flex-1 text-xs font-medium tabular-nums text-nb-gray-300"}>
+                        {t("networks.bulk.selectionCount", {
+                            selected: selectedInView,
+                            total: filtered.length,
+                        })}
+                    </span>
+                    <button
+                        type={"button"}
+                        tabIndex={0}
+                        onClick={onBulkClick}
+                        aria-label={t("networks.bulk.label")}
+                        className={cn(
+                            "inline-flex h-8 items-center rounded-md px-3",
+                            "text-xs font-medium text-nb-gray-100",
+                            "border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-920 hover:border-nb-gray-850 hover:bg-nb-gray-910",
+                            "wails-no-draggable cursor-pointer outline-none transition-colors",
+                            "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        {bulkLabel}
+                    </button>
+                </div>
+            )}
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+type NetworksListProps = {
+    data: Network[];
+    onToggle: (id: string, selected: boolean) => void;
+    scrollParent: HTMLElement;
+};
+
+const NetworksHeader = () => <div className={"h-2"} />;
+
+const NetworksList = ({ data, onToggle, scrollParent }: NetworksListProps) => {
+    const virtuosoRef = useRef<VirtuosoHandle>(null);
+    const rowRefs = useRef<Map<string, HTMLButtonElement>>(new Map());
+
+    const focusRow = (index: number) => {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= data.length) return;
+        const row = data[index];
+        const tryFocus = () => {
+            const el = rowRefs.current.get(row.id);
+            if (el) {
+                el.focus();
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        };
+        if (!tryFocus()) {
+            virtuosoRef.current?.scrollToIndex({ index, behavior: "auto" });
+            requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+                if (!tryFocus()) requestAnimationFrame(tryFocus);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    const handleRowKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>, index: number) => {
+        switch (e.key) {
+            case "ArrowDown":
+                e.preventDefault();
+                focusRow(Math.min(index + 1, data.length - 1));
+                break;
+            case "ArrowUp":
+                e.preventDefault();
+                focusRow(Math.max(index - 1, 0));
+                break;
+            case "Home":
+                e.preventDefault();
+                focusRow(0);
+                break;
+            case "End":
+                e.preventDefault();
+                focusRow(data.length - 1);
+                break;
+        }
+    };
+
+    const setRowRef = (id: string, el: HTMLButtonElement | null) => {
+        if (el) rowRefs.current.set(id, el);
+        else rowRefs.current.delete(id);
+    };
+
+    const ctx = useMemo<NetworkRowContext>(
+        () => ({ onKeyDown: handleRowKeyDown, onToggle, setRowRef }),
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+        [data, onToggle],
+    );
+
+    return (
+        <Virtuoso<Network, NetworkRowContext>
+            ref={virtuosoRef}
+            data={data}
+            customScrollParent={scrollParent}
+            increaseViewportBy={400}
+            computeItemKey={(_, n) => n.id}
+            components={{ Header: NetworksHeader }}
+            context={ctx}
+            itemContent={renderNetworkRow}
+        />
+    );
+};
+
+type NetworkRowContext = {
+    onKeyDown: (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>, index: number) => void;
+    onToggle: (id: string, selected: boolean) => void;
+    setRowRef: (id: string, el: HTMLButtonElement | null) => void;
+};
+
+const renderNetworkRow = (index: number, n: Network, ctx: NetworkRowContext): ReactNode => (
+    <NetworkRow
+        network={n}
+        index={index}
+        onKeyDown={ctx.onKeyDown}
+        onToggle={ctx.onToggle}
+        setRowRef={ctx.setRowRef}
+    />
+);
+
+type NetworkRowProps = {
+    network: Network;
+    index: number;
+    onKeyDown: (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>, index: number) => void;
+    onToggle: (id: string, selected: boolean) => void;
+    setRowRef: (id: string, el: HTMLButtonElement | null) => void;
+};
+
+const NetworkRow = ({ network: n, index, onKeyDown, onToggle, setRowRef }: NetworkRowProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    // Same handler is attached to the overlay button and to the network-id copy
+    // button so arrow nav works wherever focus sits inside the row.
+    const handleKey = (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>) => onKeyDown(e, index);
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                "group relative flex min-w-0 items-start gap-2.5 py-3 pl-6 pr-9",
+                "transition-colors hover:bg-nb-gray-900/40",
+                "wails-no-draggable",
+            )}
+        >
+            <button
+                type={"button"}
+                tabIndex={0}
+                ref={(el) => setRowRef(n.id, el)}
+                aria-label={t("networks.row.toggle", { name: n.id })}
+                aria-pressed={n.selected}
+                onClick={() => onToggle(n.id, n.selected)}
+                onKeyDown={handleKey}
+                className={cn(
+                    "absolute inset-0 cursor-pointer outline-none",
+                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-white/60",
+                )}
+            />
+            <ResourceIconBadge type={resourceTypeOf(n)} />
+            <div
+                className={
+                    "pointer-events-none relative flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col leading-tight"
+                }
+            >
+                <div>
+                    <CopyToClipboard message={n.id} onKeyDown={handleKey}>
+                        <TruncatedText
+                            text={n.id}
+                            className={
+                                "block max-w-[300px] truncate text-[0.81rem] font-medium text-nb-gray-100"
+                            }
+                        />
+                    </CopyToClipboard>
+                </div>
+                <Subtitle network={n} onKeyDown={handleKey} />
+            </div>
+            <div
+                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                className={"pointer-events-none relative shrink-0 self-center"}
+            >
+                <NetworkToggle checked={n.selected} />
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+const ResourceIconBadge = ({ type }: { type: ResourceType }) => {
+    const Icon = resourceIconFor(type);
+    return (
+        <div
+            aria-hidden={"true"}
+            className={cn(
+                "mt-[0.25rem] flex h-9 w-9 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-md",
+                "border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-920 text-nb-gray-300",
+            )}
+        >
+            <Icon size={14} />
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+type SubtitleProps = {
+    network: Network;
+    onKeyDown: (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>) => void;
+};
+
+const Subtitle = ({ network, onKeyDown }: SubtitleProps) => {
+    if (isDnsRoute(network)) {
+        const domain = network.domains[0];
+        const ips = network.resolvedIps[domain] ?? [];
+        return <DomainSubtitle domain={domain} ips={ips} onKeyDown={onKeyDown} />;
+    }
+
+    if (network.range && network.range !== INVALID_PREFIX) {
+        return (
+            <div>
+                <CopyToClipboard message={network.range} onKeyDown={onKeyDown}>
+                    <TruncatedText
+                        text={network.range}
+                        className={
+                            "block max-w-[300px] truncate font-mono text-xs text-nb-gray-400"
+                        }
+                    />
+                </CopyToClipboard>
+            </div>
+        );
+    }
+
+    return null;
+};
+
+type DomainSubtitleProps = {
+    domain: string;
+    ips: string[];
+    onKeyDown: (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>) => void;
+};
+
+const DomainSubtitle = ({ domain, ips, onKeyDown }: DomainSubtitleProps) => {
+    const span = (
+        <span className={"block max-w-[300px] truncate font-mono text-xs text-nb-gray-400"}>
+            {domain}
+        </span>
+    );
+    return (
+        <div>
+            <CopyToClipboard message={domain} onKeyDown={onKeyDown}>
+                {ips.length > 0 ? (
+                    <Tooltip
+                        content={<ResolvedIpsTooltip ips={ips} />}
+                        delayDuration={300}
+                        closeDelay={300}
+                        side={"right"}
+                        align={"start"}
+                        alignOffset={-8}
+                        interactive
+                        keepOpenOnClick
+                        contentClassName={cn(
+                            "max-h-72 max-w-[18rem] overflow-auto",
+                            "rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-935",
+                            "p-2 pr-4",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        {span}
+                    </Tooltip>
+                ) : (
+                    span
+                )}
+            </CopyToClipboard>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+const ResolvedIpsTooltip = ({ ips }: { ips: string[] }) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    return (
+        <>
+            <div className={"px-1 pb-1 text-[10px] uppercase tracking-wide text-nb-gray-300"}>
+                {t("networks.ips.heading")}
+            </div>
+            <ul className={"flex flex-col"}>
+                {ips.map((ip) => (
+                    <li key={ip}>
+                        <CopyToClipboard message={ip} className={"px-1 py-0.5"}>
+                            <span
+                                className={
+                                    "whitespace-nowrap font-mono text-[0.72rem] text-nb-gray-100"
+                                }
+                            >
+                                {ip}
+                            </span>
+                        </CopyToClipboard>
+                    </li>
+                ))}
+            </ul>
+        </>
+    );
+};
+
+type ToggleProps = {
+    checked: boolean;
+    mixed?: boolean;
+};
+
+const NetworkToggle = ({ checked, mixed }: ToggleProps) => {
+    const checkedTranslate = checked ? "translate-x-[1.125rem]" : "translate-x-0.5";
+    return (
+        <span
+            className={cn(
+                "inline-flex h-5 w-9 shrink-0 items-center rounded-full",
+                "wails-no-draggable transition-colors",
+                checked || mixed ? "bg-netbird" : "bg-nb-gray-700",
+                mixed && "opacity-60",
+            )}
+        >
+            <span
+                className={cn(
+                    "inline-block h-4 w-4 rounded-full bg-white transition-transform",
+                    mixed ? "translate-x-2.5" : checkedTranslate,
+                )}
+            />
+        </span>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/peers/PeerDetailPanel.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/peers/PeerDetailPanel.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16500589d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/peers/PeerDetailPanel.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+import {
+    type ComponentType,
+    Fragment,
+    type KeyboardEvent as ReactKeyboardEvent,
+    type ReactNode,
+    useCallback,
+    useEffect,
+    useRef,
+    useState,
+} from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { AnimatePresence, motion, type Transition } from "framer-motion";
+import * as Popover from "@radix-ui/react-popover";
+import * as ScrollArea from "@radix-ui/react-scroll-area";
+import {
+    ArrowDownIcon,
+    ArrowLeftIcon,
+    ArrowUpDownIcon,
+    ArrowUpIcon,
+    Check as CheckIcon,
+    ChevronDownIcon,
+    ChevronsLeftRightEllipsisIcon,
+    ClockIcon,
+    Copy as CopyIcon,
+    GaugeIcon,
+    HandshakeIcon,
+    KeyRoundIcon,
+    Layers3Icon,
+    type LucideProps,
+    MapPinIcon,
+    MonitorIcon,
+    Radio,
+    RefreshCwIcon,
+    WaypointsIcon,
+} from "lucide-react";
+import type { PeerStatus } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { CopyToClipboard } from "@/components/CopyToClipboard";
+import { Tooltip } from "@/components/Tooltip";
+import { TruncatedText } from "@/components/TruncatedText";
+import { formatBytes, formatRelative, latencyColor, shortenDns } from "@/lib/formatters";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext";
+import { usePeerDetail } from "@/contexts/PeerDetailContext";
+import { useFocusVisible } from "@/hooks/useFocusVisible";
+import { peerStatusLabelKey } from "./Peers";
+
+const DEFAULT_TRANSITION: Transition = {
+    duration: 0.32,
+    ease: [0.32, 0.72, 0, 1],
+};
+
+const DASH = "-";
+
+const dotClass = (connStatus: string): string => {
+    switch (connStatus) {
+        case "Connected":
+            return "bg-green-400";
+        case "Connecting":
+            return "bg-yellow-300 animate-pulse-slow";
+        default:
+            return "bg-nb-gray-500";
+    }
+};
+
+type Props = {
+    transition?: Transition;
+};
+
+export const PeerDetailPanel = ({ transition = DEFAULT_TRANSITION }: Props) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { selected, setSelected } = usePeerDetail();
+    const { status, refresh } = useStatus();
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!selected) return;
+        const peers = status?.peers ?? [];
+        const fresh = peers.find((p) => p.pubKey === selected.pubKey);
+        if (!fresh) {
+            setSelected(null);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (fresh !== selected) setSelected(fresh);
+    }, [status, selected, setSelected]);
+
+    // Daemon updates latency/bytes/handshake without pushing a fresh status
+    // snapshot, so tick locally to keep relative timestamps live.
+    const [now, setNow] = useState(() => Date.now());
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!selected) return;
+        const id = setInterval(() => setNow(Date.now()), 1000);
+        return () => clearInterval(id);
+    }, [selected]);
+
+    const [refreshing, setRefreshing] = useState(false);
+    const onRefresh = useCallback(async () => {
+        if (refreshing) return;
+        setRefreshing(true);
+        const MIN_SPIN_MS = 600;
+        const minDelay = new Promise<void>((r) => setTimeout(r, MIN_SPIN_MS));
+        try {
+            await Promise.all([refresh(), minDelay]);
+        } finally {
+            setRefreshing(false);
+        }
+    }, [refresh, refreshing]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!selected) return;
+        const onKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+            if (e.key === "Escape") {
+                setSelected(null);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (e.key === "ArrowLeft") {
+                const target = e.target as HTMLElement | null;
+                const tag = target?.tagName;
+                if (tag === "INPUT" || tag === "TEXTAREA" || target?.isContentEditable) return;
+                setSelected(null);
+            }
+        };
+        globalThis.addEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+        return () => globalThis.removeEventListener("keydown", onKey);
+    }, [selected, setSelected]);
+
+    const dialogRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+    const backButtonRef = useRef<HTMLButtonElement>(null);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!selected) return;
+        // Defer focus until the slide-in animation has started rendering.
+        // preventScroll avoids the browser scrolling the parent to chase the
+        // still-offscreen button, which lands as a stutter at the end of the slide.
+        requestAnimationFrame(() => backButtonRef.current?.focus({ preventScroll: true }));
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+    }, [selected?.pubKey]);
+
+    const getFocusable = (): HTMLElement[] => {
+        const root = dialogRef.current;
+        if (!root) return [];
+        const sel =
+            "button:not([disabled]), [href], input:not([disabled]), select:not([disabled])," +
+            ' textarea:not([disabled]), [tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])';
+        return Array.from(root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(sel)).filter(
+            (el) => el.offsetParent !== null || el === document.activeElement,
+        );
+    };
+
+    const onDialogKeyDown = (e: ReactKeyboardEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => {
+        if (e.key !== "Tab") return;
+        const focusables = getFocusable();
+        if (focusables.length === 0) return;
+        const first = focusables[0];
+        const last = focusables[focusables.length - 1];
+        const active = document.activeElement as HTMLElement | null;
+        if (e.shiftKey) {
+            if (active === first || !active || !dialogRef.current?.contains(active)) {
+                e.preventDefault();
+                last.focus();
+            }
+        } else if (active === last) {
+            e.preventDefault();
+            first.focus();
+        }
+    };
+
+    return (
+        <AnimatePresence>
+            {selected && (
+                <motion.div
+                    ref={dialogRef}
+                    role={"dialog"}
+                    aria-modal={"true"}
+                    aria-labelledby={"nb-peer-detail-title"}
+                    onKeyDown={onDialogKeyDown}
+                    initial={{ x: "100%" }}
+                    animate={{ x: 0 }}
+                    exit={{ x: "100%" }}
+                    transition={transition}
+                    style={{ willChange: "transform" }}
+                    className={cn("absolute inset-0 z-20 flex flex-col", "bg-nb-gray-940")}
+                >
+                    <div
+                        className={cn(
+                            "flex shrink-0 items-center gap-3",
+                            "h-12 border-b border-nb-gray-910 px-3",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        <button
+                            ref={backButtonRef}
+                            type={"button"}
+                            tabIndex={0}
+                            onClick={() => setSelected(null)}
+                            aria-label={t("common.close")}
+                            className={cn(
+                                "flex h-8 w-8 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-md",
+                                "text-nb-gray-300 hover:bg-nb-gray-910 hover:text-nb-gray-100",
+                                "cursor-default outline-none transition-colors",
+                                "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                                "wails-no-draggable",
+                            )}
+                        >
+                            <ArrowLeftIcon size={16} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                        </button>
+                        <Tooltip content={t(peerStatusLabelKey(selected.connStatus))} side={"top"}>
+                            <span
+                                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                className={cn(
+                                    "h-2 w-2 shrink-0 rounded-full",
+                                    dotClass(selected.connStatus),
+                                )}
+                            />
+                        </Tooltip>
+                        <CopyToClipboard
+                            message={selected.fqdn || selected.ip}
+                            size={11}
+                            className={"min-w-0 flex-1"}
+                            iconClassName={"top-[2px]"}
+                        >
+                            <span
+                                id={"nb-peer-detail-title"}
+                                className={"truncate text-sm font-medium text-nb-gray-100"}
+                            >
+                                {shortenDns(selected.fqdn) || selected.ip}
+                            </span>
+                        </CopyToClipboard>
+                        <Tooltip content={t("peers.details.refresh")}>
+                            <button
+                                type={"button"}
+                                tabIndex={0}
+                                onClick={onRefresh}
+                                disabled={refreshing}
+                                aria-label={t("peers.details.refresh")}
+                                aria-busy={refreshing}
+                                className={cn(
+                                    "flex h-8 w-8 shrink-0 items-center justify-center rounded-md",
+                                    "text-nb-gray-300 hover:bg-nb-gray-910 hover:text-nb-gray-100",
+                                    "cursor-default outline-none transition-colors",
+                                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                                    "wails-no-draggable",
+                                    "disabled:opacity-50 disabled:hover:bg-transparent",
+                                )}
+                            >
+                                <RefreshCwIcon
+                                    size={14}
+                                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                    className={refreshing ? "animate-spin" : undefined}
+                                />
+                            </button>
+                        </Tooltip>
+                    </div>
+                    <ScrollArea.Root type={"auto"} className={"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden"}>
+                        <ScrollArea.Viewport className={"h-full w-full"}>
+                            <PeerDetails peer={selected} now={now} />
+                        </ScrollArea.Viewport>
+                        <ScrollArea.Scrollbar
+                            orientation={"vertical"}
+                            className={cn(
+                                "flex touch-none select-none transition-colors",
+                                "w-1.5 bg-transparent py-1",
+                            )}
+                        >
+                            <ScrollArea.Thumb
+                                className={
+                                    "relative flex-1 rounded-full bg-nb-gray-800 hover:bg-nb-gray-700"
+                                }
+                            />
+                        </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
+                    </ScrollArea.Root>
+                </motion.div>
+            )}
+        </AnimatePresence>
+    );
+};
+
+const PeerDetails = ({ peer, now }: { peer: PeerStatus; now: number }) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const formatAge = (unix: number, fallback: string): string => {
+        if (!Number.isFinite(unix) || unix <= 0) return fallback;
+        const diff = Math.floor(now / 1000 - unix);
+        if (diff < 1) return t("peers.details.justNow");
+        return formatRelative(unix, now) ?? fallback;
+    };
+    const lastHandshake = formatAge(peer.lastHandshakeUnix, t("peers.details.never"));
+    const statusSince = formatAge(peer.connStatusUpdateUnix, DASH);
+    const isConnected = peer.connStatus === "Connected";
+    const connectionLabel = peer.relayed ? t("peers.details.relayed") : t("peers.details.p2p");
+
+    return (
+        <ul className={"flex flex-col divide-y divide-nb-gray-920"}>
+            <Row icon={MapPinIcon} label={t("peers.details.netbirdIp")}>
+                {peer.ip ? (
+                    <CopyToClipboard
+                        message={peer.ip}
+                        alwaysShowIcon
+                        className={"max-w-full"}
+                        iconClassName={"top-0"}
+                    >
+                        <span className={"font-mono"}>{peer.ip}</span>
+                    </CopyToClipboard>
+                ) : (
+                    DASH
+                )}
+            </Row>
+            {peer.ipv6 && (
+                <Row icon={MapPinIcon} label={t("peers.details.netbirdIpv6")}>
+                    <CopyToClipboard
+                        message={peer.ipv6}
+                        alwaysShowIcon
+                        className={"min-w-0 max-w-full"}
+                        iconClassName={"top-0"}
+                    >
+                        <TruncatedRowValue value={peer.ipv6} mono />
+                    </CopyToClipboard>
+                </Row>
+            )}
+            {isConnected && (
+                <Row icon={ChevronsLeftRightEllipsisIcon} label={t("peers.details.connection")}>
+                    <span className={"whitespace-nowrap"}>{connectionLabel}</span>
+                </Row>
+            )}
+            {peer.relayed && (
+                <Row icon={WaypointsIcon} label={t("peers.details.relayAddress")}>
+                    {peer.relayAddress ? (
+                        <CopyToClipboard
+                            message={peer.relayAddress}
+                            alwaysShowIcon
+                            className={"min-w-0 max-w-full"}
+                            iconClassName={"top-0"}
+                        >
+                            <TruncatedRowValue value={peer.relayAddress} mono />
+                        </CopyToClipboard>
+                    ) : (
+                        DASH
+                    )}
+                </Row>
+            )}
+            {peer.latencyMs > 0 && (
+                <Row icon={GaugeIcon} label={t("peers.details.latency")}>
+                    <span className={cn("tabular-nums", latencyColor(peer.latencyMs))}>
+                        {peer.latencyMs} ms
+                    </span>
+                </Row>
+            )}
+            {(peer.bytesRx > 0 || peer.bytesTx > 0) && (
+                <Row icon={ArrowUpDownIcon} label={t("peers.details.bytes")}>
+                    <div
+                        className={
+                            "flex items-center justify-end gap-3 font-medium text-nb-gray-300"
+                        }
+                    >
+                        <div className={"flex items-center gap-1.5 whitespace-nowrap"}>
+                            <ArrowDownIcon
+                                size={13}
+                                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                className={"text-sky-400"}
+                            />
+                            <span className={"sr-only"}>{t("peers.details.bytesReceived")}:</span>
+                            <span className={"tabular-nums"}>{formatBytes(peer.bytesRx)}</span>
+                        </div>
+                        <div className={"flex items-center gap-1.5 whitespace-nowrap"}>
+                            <ArrowUpIcon
+                                size={13}
+                                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                className={"text-netbird"}
+                            />
+                            <span className={"sr-only"}>{t("peers.details.bytesSent")}:</span>
+                            <span className={"tabular-nums"}>{formatBytes(peer.bytesTx)}</span>
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                </Row>
+            )}
+            <Row icon={HandshakeIcon} label={t("peers.details.lastHandshake")}>
+                {lastHandshake}
+            </Row>
+            <Row icon={ClockIcon} label={t("peers.details.statusSince")}>
+                {statusSince}
+            </Row>
+            {peer.networks.length > 0 && (
+                <Row icon={Layers3Icon} label={t("peers.details.networks")}>
+                    <ResourcesValue networks={peer.networks} />
+                </Row>
+            )}
+            <IceRow
+                icon={MonitorIcon}
+                baseLabel={t("peers.details.localIce")}
+                type={peer.localIceCandidateType}
+                endpoint={peer.localIceCandidateEndpoint}
+            />
+            <IceRow
+                icon={Radio}
+                baseLabel={t("peers.details.remoteIce")}
+                type={peer.remoteIceCandidateType}
+                endpoint={peer.remoteIceCandidateEndpoint}
+            />
+            <Row icon={KeyRoundIcon} label={t("peers.details.publicKey")}>
+                {peer.pubKey ? (
+                    <CopyToClipboard
+                        message={peer.pubKey}
+                        alwaysShowIcon
+                        className={"min-w-0 max-w-full"}
+                        iconClassName={"top-0"}
+                    >
+                        <TruncatedRowValue value={peer.pubKey} mono />
+                    </CopyToClipboard>
+                ) : (
+                    DASH
+                )}
+            </Row>
+        </ul>
+    );
+};
+
+type RowProps = {
+    icon: ComponentType<LucideProps>;
+    iconClassName?: string;
+    label: string;
+    children: ReactNode;
+};
+
+type IceRowProps = {
+    icon: ComponentType<LucideProps>;
+    baseLabel: string;
+    type: string;
+    endpoint: string;
+};
+
+const capitalize = (s: string): string => (s ? s[0].toUpperCase() + s.slice(1) : s);
+
+const IceRow = ({ icon, baseLabel, type, endpoint }: IceRowProps) => {
+    if (!type && !endpoint) return null;
+    const label = type ? `${baseLabel} (${capitalize(type)})` : baseLabel;
+    return (
+        <Row icon={icon} label={label}>
+            {endpoint ? (
+                <CopyToClipboard
+                    message={endpoint}
+                    alwaysShowIcon
+                    className={"min-w-0 max-w-full"}
+                    iconClassName={"top-0"}
+                >
+                    <TruncatedRowValue value={endpoint} mono />
+                </CopyToClipboard>
+            ) : (
+                <span className={"truncate"}>{capitalize(type)}</span>
+            )}
+        </Row>
+    );
+};
+
+const ResourcesValue = ({ networks }: { networks: string[] }) => (
+    <ResourcesPopover networks={networks} />
+);
+
+const ResourcesPopover = ({ networks }: { networks: string[] }) => {
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+
+    return (
+        <Popover.Root open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+            <Popover.Trigger asChild>
+                <button
+                    type={"button"}
+                    tabIndex={0}
+                    aria-haspopup={"dialog"}
+                    aria-expanded={open}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "inline-flex shrink-0 items-center gap-1 rounded",
+                        "bg-nb-gray-930 hover:bg-nb-gray-910/80 data-[state=open]:bg-nb-gray-910",
+                        "border border-nb-gray-900",
+                        "py-1 pl-2.5 pr-2 text-xs font-medium text-nb-gray-300",
+                        "wails-no-draggable cursor-default outline-none transition-all",
+                        "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    {networks.length}
+                    <ChevronDownIcon
+                        size={12}
+                        aria-hidden={"true"}
+                        className={cn("transition-transform duration-150", open && "rotate-180")}
+                    />
+                </button>
+            </Popover.Trigger>
+            <Popover.Portal>
+                <Popover.Content
+                    side={"bottom"}
+                    align={"end"}
+                    sideOffset={6}
+                    onOpenAutoFocus={(e) => e.preventDefault()}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "z-50 max-h-72 min-w-64 max-w-[280px] overflow-auto",
+                        "rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-935",
+                        "p-1 text-nb-gray-200 shadow-lg outline-none",
+                        "flex flex-col",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    {networks.map((n, i) => (
+                        <Fragment key={n}>
+                            {i > 0 && <div className={"-mx-1 my-1 h-px bg-nb-gray-910"} />}
+                            <ResourceRow value={n} />
+                        </Fragment>
+                    ))}
+                </Popover.Content>
+            </Popover.Portal>
+        </Popover.Root>
+    );
+};
+
+const ResourceRow = ({ value }: { value: string }) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
+    const isFocusVisible = useFocusVisible();
+    const handleClick = async () => {
+        if (!value) return;
+        try {
+            await navigator.clipboard.writeText(value);
+            setCopied(true);
+            setTimeout(() => setCopied(false), 500);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.warn("copy resource to clipboard failed", e);
+        }
+    };
+    return (
+        <button
+            type={"button"}
+            onClick={handleClick}
+            tabIndex={0}
+            aria-label={`${t("common.copy")} ${value}`}
+            className={cn(
+                "group/resourcerow relative flex items-center justify-between gap-3",
+                "rounded-md px-2 py-1.5 text-left",
+                "text-nb-gray-200 hover:bg-nb-gray-900 hover:text-nb-gray-50",
+                "cursor-default outline-none transition-colors",
+                isFocusVisible &&
+                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-white/60",
+            )}
+        >
+            <span className={"min-w-0 truncate font-mono text-[0.75rem]"}>{value}</span>
+            <span
+                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                className={"inline-flex shrink-0 items-center text-nb-gray-200"}
+            >
+                {copied ? <CheckIcon size={11} /> : <CopyIcon size={11} />}
+            </span>
+        </button>
+    );
+};
+
+const TruncatedRowValue = ({ value, mono }: { value: string; mono?: boolean }) => (
+    <TruncatedText
+        text={value}
+        className={cn(
+            "inline-block min-w-0 max-w-[260px] truncate align-middle",
+            mono && "font-mono",
+        )}
+    />
+);
+
+const Row = ({ icon: Icon, iconClassName, label, children }: RowProps) => (
+    <li className={"flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2 px-5 py-4 text-xs text-nb-gray-100"}>
+        <Icon
+            size={14}
+            aria-hidden={"true"}
+            className={cn("shrink-0 text-nb-gray-100", iconClassName)}
+        />
+        <span className={"shrink-0 font-semibold text-nb-gray-200"}>{label}</span>
+        <span
+            className={cn(
+                "min-w-0 flex-1 pl-8 text-right",
+                "font-medium text-nb-gray-350",
+                "flex items-center justify-end",
+            )}
+        >
+            {children}
+        </span>
+    </li>
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/peers/PeerFilters.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/peers/PeerFilters.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25d9ef822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/peers/PeerFilters.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import { useState } from "react";
+import { CheckIcon, ChevronDown, ListFilter } from "lucide-react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import {
+    DropdownMenu,
+    DropdownMenuContent,
+    DropdownMenuItem,
+    DropdownMenuTrigger,
+} from "@/components/DropdownMenu";
+
+export type StatusFilter = "all" | "online" | "offline";
+
+type Props = {
+    value: StatusFilter;
+    onChange: (value: StatusFilter) => void;
+    counts: Record<StatusFilter, number>;
+    disabled?: boolean;
+};
+
+export const PeerFilters = ({ value, onChange, counts, disabled }: Props) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+    const filters: { value: StatusFilter; label: string }[] = [
+        { value: "all", label: t("peers.filter.all") },
+        { value: "online", label: t("peers.filter.online") },
+        { value: "offline", label: t("peers.filter.offline") },
+    ];
+    const active = filters.find((f) => f.value === value) ?? filters[0];
+
+    const handleSelect = (v: StatusFilter) => {
+        onChange(v);
+        setOpen(false);
+    };
+
+    return (
+        <DropdownMenu open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+            <DropdownMenuTrigger
+                disabled={disabled}
+                tabIndex={0}
+                aria-label={t("common.filter")}
+                className={cn(
+                    "inline-flex h-9 items-center gap-1.5 rounded-md px-2",
+                    "text-sm text-nb-gray-200",
+                    "outline-none transition-colors duration-150 hover:bg-nb-gray-900 data-[state=open]:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                    "disabled:pointer-events-none disabled:opacity-50",
+                    "wails-no-draggable cursor-default",
+                )}
+            >
+                <ListFilter size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} className={"shrink-0"} />
+                <span>
+                    {active.label} <span className={"tabular-nums"}>({counts[active.value]})</span>
+                </span>
+                <ChevronDown size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} className={"ml-0.5 shrink-0"} />
+            </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+            <DropdownMenuContent align={"end"} className={"min-w-[10rem]"}>
+                {filters.map((f) => {
+                    const checked = f.value === value;
+                    return (
+                        <DropdownMenuItem
+                            key={f.value}
+                            onClick={() => handleSelect(f.value)}
+                            role={"menuitemradio"}
+                            aria-checked={checked}
+                            className={"gap-2"}
+                        >
+                            <span className={"flex-1 truncate"}>
+                                {f.label}{" "}
+                                <span className={"tabular-nums"}>({counts[f.value]})</span>
+                            </span>
+                            <span
+                                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                className={"flex w-4 shrink-0 items-center justify-center"}
+                            >
+                                {checked && <CheckIcon size={14} className={"text-netbird"} />}
+                            </span>
+                        </DropdownMenuItem>
+                    );
+                })}
+            </DropdownMenuContent>
+        </DropdownMenu>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/peers/Peers.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/peers/Peers.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d61221758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/main/advanced/peers/Peers.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+import { type KeyboardEvent, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import * as ScrollArea from "@radix-ui/react-scroll-area";
+import { Virtuoso, type VirtuosoHandle } from "react-virtuoso";
+import { ChevronRightIcon, MonitorSmartphoneIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import type { PeerStatus } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { reconcileOrder } from "@/lib/sorting";
+import { CopyToClipboard } from "@/components/CopyToClipboard";
+import { SearchInput } from "@/components/inputs/SearchInput";
+import { EmptyState } from "@/components/empty-state/EmptyState";
+import { NoResults } from "@/components/empty-state/NoResults";
+import { latencyColor, shortenDns } from "@/lib/formatters";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext";
+import { usePeerDetail } from "@/contexts/PeerDetailContext";
+import { Tooltip } from "@/components/Tooltip";
+import { TruncatedText } from "@/components/TruncatedText";
+import { PeerFilters, type StatusFilter } from "./PeerFilters";
+
+const isOnline = (connStatus: string) => connStatus === "Connected";
+
+const dotClass = (connStatus: string): string => {
+    switch (connStatus) {
+        case "Connected":
+            return "bg-green-400";
+        case "Connecting":
+            return "bg-yellow-300 animate-pulse-slow";
+        default:
+            return "bg-nb-gray-500";
+    }
+};
+
+export const peerStatusLabelKey = (connStatus: string): string => {
+    switch (connStatus) {
+        case "Connected":
+            return "peers.status.connected";
+        case "Connecting":
+            return "peers.status.connecting";
+        default:
+            return "peers.status.disconnected";
+    }
+};
+
+export const Peers = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { status } = useStatus();
+    const [search, setSearch] = useState("");
+    const [statusFilter, setStatusFilter] = useState<StatusFilter>("all");
+    const [scrollParent, setScrollParent] = useState<HTMLDivElement | null>(null);
+    const searchRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        searchRef.current?.focus();
+    }, []);
+
+    const isConnected = status?.status === "Connected";
+    const peers = useMemo(() => status?.peers ?? [], [status?.peers]);
+
+    const counts = useMemo<Record<StatusFilter, number>>(() => {
+        const online = peers.filter((p) => isOnline(p.connStatus)).length;
+        return {
+            all: peers.length,
+            online,
+            offline: peers.length - online,
+        };
+    }, [peers]);
+
+    // Stay in live-sort until every peer is stable. Right after Up the daemon
+    // emits all peers as "Connecting"; committing then would lock that
+    // alphabetical-only order forever.
+    const orderRef = useRef<string[]>([]);
+    const stickyRef = useRef(false);
+    const ordered = useMemo(() => {
+        const compare = (a: PeerStatus, b: PeerStatus) => {
+            const aOnline = isOnline(a.connStatus);
+            const bOnline = isOnline(b.connStatus);
+            if (aOnline !== bOnline) return aOnline ? -1 : 1;
+            const aName = (a.fqdn || a.ip).toLowerCase();
+            const bName = (b.fqdn || b.ip).toLowerCase();
+            return aName.localeCompare(bName);
+        };
+
+        if (peers.length === 0) {
+            orderRef.current = [];
+            stickyRef.current = false;
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        if (!stickyRef.current) {
+            const sorted = [...peers].sort(compare);
+            if (peers.every((p) => p.connStatus !== "Connecting")) {
+                orderRef.current = sorted.map((p) => p.pubKey);
+                stickyRef.current = true;
+            }
+            return sorted;
+        }
+
+        const { order, items } = reconcileOrder(orderRef.current, peers, (p) => p.pubKey, compare);
+        orderRef.current = order;
+        return items;
+    }, [peers]);
+
+    const filtered = useMemo(() => {
+        const q = search.trim().toLowerCase();
+        return ordered.filter((p) => {
+            if (statusFilter === "online" && !isOnline(p.connStatus)) return false;
+            if (statusFilter === "offline" && isOnline(p.connStatus)) return false;
+            return !q || p.fqdn.toLowerCase().includes(q) || p.ip.includes(q);
+        });
+    }, [ordered, search, statusFilter]);
+
+    if (isConnected && peers.length === 0) {
+        return (
+            <EmptyState
+                icon={MonitorSmartphoneIcon}
+                title={t("peers.empty.title")}
+                description={t("peers.empty.description")}
+            />
+        );
+    }
+
+    return (
+        <div className={"flex h-full min-h-0 w-full flex-col"}>
+            <div className={"flex items-center gap-2 border-b border-nb-gray-910 px-6 py-2.5"}>
+                <div className={"min-w-0 flex-1"}>
+                    <SearchInput
+                        ref={searchRef}
+                        placeholder={t("peers.search.placeholder")}
+                        value={search}
+                        onChange={(e) => setSearch(e.target.value)}
+                    />
+                </div>
+                <PeerFilters value={statusFilter} onChange={setStatusFilter} counts={counts} />
+            </div>
+            {filtered.length === 0 ? (
+                <NoResults />
+            ) : (
+                <ScrollArea.Root type={"auto"} className={"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden"}>
+                    <ScrollArea.Viewport ref={setScrollParent} className={"h-full w-full"}>
+                        {scrollParent && <PeersList data={filtered} scrollParent={scrollParent} />}
+                    </ScrollArea.Viewport>
+                    <ScrollArea.Scrollbar
+                        orientation={"vertical"}
+                        className={cn(
+                            "flex touch-none select-none transition-colors",
+                            "w-1.5 bg-transparent py-1",
+                        )}
+                    >
+                        <ScrollArea.Thumb
+                            className={
+                                "relative flex-1 rounded-full bg-nb-gray-800 hover:bg-nb-gray-700"
+                            }
+                        />
+                    </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
+                </ScrollArea.Root>
+            )}
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+const ListTopSpacer = () => <div className={"h-2"} />;
+
+type PeersListProps = {
+    data: PeerStatus[];
+    scrollParent: HTMLElement;
+};
+
+const PeersList = ({ data, scrollParent }: PeersListProps) => {
+    const { setSelected } = usePeerDetail();
+    const virtuosoRef = useRef<VirtuosoHandle>(null);
+    const rowRefs = useRef<Map<string, HTMLButtonElement>>(new Map());
+
+    const focusRow = (index: number) => {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= data.length) return;
+        const peer = data[index];
+        const tryFocus = () => {
+            const el = rowRefs.current.get(peer.pubKey);
+            if (el) {
+                el.focus();
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        };
+        if (!tryFocus()) {
+            virtuosoRef.current?.scrollToIndex({ index, behavior: "auto" });
+            // Row may not be mounted yet — retry after Virtuoso renders it.
+            requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+                if (!tryFocus()) requestAnimationFrame(tryFocus);
+            });
+        }
+    };
+
+    const handleRowKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>, index: number) => {
+        switch (e.key) {
+            case "ArrowDown":
+                e.preventDefault();
+                focusRow(Math.min(index + 1, data.length - 1));
+                break;
+            case "ArrowUp":
+                e.preventDefault();
+                focusRow(Math.max(index - 1, 0));
+                break;
+            case "ArrowRight":
+                e.preventDefault();
+                setSelected(data[index]);
+                break;
+            case "Home":
+                e.preventDefault();
+                focusRow(0);
+                break;
+            case "End":
+                e.preventDefault();
+                focusRow(data.length - 1);
+                break;
+        }
+    };
+
+    const setRowRef = (pubKey: string, el: HTMLButtonElement | null) => {
+        if (el) rowRefs.current.set(pubKey, el);
+        else rowRefs.current.delete(pubKey);
+    };
+
+    const ctx = useMemo<PeerRowContext>(
+        () => ({ onKeyDown: handleRowKeyDown, onSelect: setSelected, setRowRef }),
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+        [data, setSelected],
+    );
+
+    return (
+        <Virtuoso<PeerStatus, PeerRowContext>
+            ref={virtuosoRef}
+            data={data}
+            customScrollParent={scrollParent}
+            increaseViewportBy={400}
+            computeItemKey={(_, peer) => peer.pubKey}
+            components={{ Header: ListTopSpacer }}
+            context={ctx}
+            itemContent={renderPeerRow}
+        />
+    );
+};
+
+type PeerRowContext = {
+    onKeyDown: (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>, index: number) => void;
+    onSelect: (peer: PeerStatus) => void;
+    setRowRef: (pubKey: string, el: HTMLButtonElement | null) => void;
+};
+
+const renderPeerRow = (index: number, peer: PeerStatus, ctx: PeerRowContext): ReactNode => (
+    <PeerRow
+        peer={peer}
+        index={index}
+        onKeyDown={ctx.onKeyDown}
+        onSelect={ctx.onSelect}
+        setRowRef={ctx.setRowRef}
+    />
+);
+
+type PeerRowProps = {
+    peer: PeerStatus;
+    index: number;
+    onKeyDown: (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>, index: number) => void;
+    onSelect: (peer: PeerStatus) => void;
+    setRowRef: (pubKey: string, el: HTMLButtonElement | null) => void;
+};
+
+const PeerRow = ({ peer, index, onKeyDown, onSelect, setRowRef }: PeerRowProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const isConnected = peer.connStatus === "Connected";
+    const peerName = shortenDns(peer.fqdn) || peer.ip;
+    const statusLabel = t(peerStatusLabelKey(peer.connStatus));
+    const handleKey = (e: KeyboardEvent<Element>) => onKeyDown(e, index);
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={cn(
+                "group relative flex min-w-0 items-start gap-2.5 py-3 pl-6 pr-4",
+                "transition-colors hover:bg-nb-gray-900/40",
+                "wails-no-draggable",
+            )}
+        >
+            <button
+                type={"button"}
+                tabIndex={0}
+                ref={(el) => setRowRef(peer.pubKey, el)}
+                aria-label={t("peers.row.label", { name: peerName, status: statusLabel })}
+                onClick={() => onSelect(peer)}
+                onKeyDown={handleKey}
+                className={cn(
+                    "absolute inset-0 cursor-default outline-none",
+                    "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-white/60",
+                )}
+            />
+            <Tooltip content={statusLabel} side={"left"}>
+                <span
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "relative mt-2 h-2 w-2 shrink-0 rounded-full",
+                        dotClass(peer.connStatus),
+                    )}
+                />
+            </Tooltip>
+            <div
+                className={
+                    "pointer-events-none relative flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col leading-tight"
+                }
+            >
+                <div>
+                    <CopyToClipboard
+                        message={peer.fqdn}
+                        className={"pointer-events-auto"}
+                        onKeyDown={handleKey}
+                    >
+                        <TruncatedText
+                            text={shortenDns(peer.fqdn)}
+                            className={
+                                "block max-w-[300px] truncate text-[0.81rem] font-medium text-nb-gray-100"
+                            }
+                        />
+                    </CopyToClipboard>
+                </div>
+                <div>
+                    <CopyToClipboard
+                        message={peer.ip}
+                        className={"pointer-events-auto"}
+                        onKeyDown={handleKey}
+                    >
+                        <span className={"truncate font-mono text-xs text-nb-gray-400"}>
+                            {peer.ip}
+                        </span>
+                    </CopyToClipboard>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            {isConnected && peer.latencyMs > 0 && (
+                <span
+                    className={cn(
+                        "pointer-events-none relative shrink-0 self-center text-xs tabular-nums",
+                        latencyColor(peer.latencyMs),
+                    )}
+                >
+                    {peer.latencyMs} ms
+                </span>
+            )}
+            <ChevronRightIcon
+                size={16}
+                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                className={cn(
+                    "pointer-events-none relative shrink-0 self-center text-nb-gray-300",
+                    "opacity-0 transition-opacity group-hover:opacity-100",
+                )}
+            />
+        </div>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfileAvatar.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfileAvatar.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70d45acc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfileAvatar.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import { type ButtonHTMLAttributes, forwardRef } from "react";
+import {
+    Briefcase,
+    Building,
+    Cloud,
+    Construction,
+    FlaskConical,
+    Gamepad2,
+    GraduationCap,
+    House,
+    Radio,
+    Server,
+    SquareCode,
+    Terminal,
+    UserCircle,
+    UserPlus,
+    Users,
+    type LucideIcon,
+} from "lucide-react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+// Scanned in order — put more-specific tokens first (e.g. "staging" before "stage").
+const ICON_MAP: ReadonlyArray<[RegExp, LucideIcon]> = [
+    [/(default|personal)/i, UserCircle],
+    [/(work|business|office|company|corp|corporate)/i, Briefcase],
+    [/(home|house|private)/i, House],
+    [/(dev|development|developer|code|coding|engineering)/i, SquareCode],
+    [/(local|localhost|loopback)/i, Terminal],
+    [/(stage|staging|preprod|pre-prod)/i, Construction],
+    [/(test|testing|qa)/i, FlaskConical],
+    [/(prod|production)/i, Cloud],
+    [/(live)/i, Radio],
+    [/(selfhosted|self-hosted|on-prem|onprem)/i, Server],
+    [/(school|university|edu|study|student)/i, GraduationCap],
+    [/(client|customer)/i, Building],
+    [/(family)/i, Users],
+    [/(gaming|game)/i, Gamepad2],
+    [/(guest)/i, UserPlus],
+];
+
+export const pickProfileIcon = (name: string | undefined): LucideIcon | null => {
+    if (!name) return null;
+    for (const [pattern, Icon] of ICON_MAP) {
+        if (pattern.test(name)) return Icon;
+    }
+    return null;
+};
+
+type Props = ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> & {
+    name?: string;
+    size?: number;
+};
+
+export const ProfileAvatar = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, Props>(function ProfileAvatar(
+    { name = "", size = 28, className, type = "button", ...props },
+    ref,
+) {
+    const Icon = pickProfileIcon(name) ?? UserCircle;
+    return (
+        <button
+            ref={ref}
+            type={type}
+            className={cn(
+                "inline-grid place-items-center rounded-full bg-nb-gray-900 p-0 text-center",
+                "cursor-default outline-none",
+                "transition-colors duration-150 hover:bg-nb-gray-850",
+                "data-[state=open]:bg-nb-gray-850",
+                className,
+            )}
+            style={{ width: size, height: size }}
+            {...props}
+        >
+            <Icon size={Math.round(size * 0.4)} className={"text-nb-gray-200"} />
+        </button>
+    );
+});
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfileCreationModal.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfileCreationModal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19313ccb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfileCreationModal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+import { type FormEvent, useEffect, useId, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import * as Dialog from "@/components/dialog/Dialog";
+import { Input } from "@/components/inputs/Input";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { DialogActions } from "@/components/dialog/DialogActions";
+import { Label } from "@/components/typography/Label";
+import { HelpText } from "@/components/typography/HelpText";
+import { ManagementServerSwitch } from "@/components/ManagementServerSwitch";
+import {
+    CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL,
+    ManagementMode,
+    checkManagementUrlReachable,
+    isValidManagementUrl,
+    normalizeManagementUrl,
+} from "@/hooks/useManagementUrl";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx";
+
+export type ProfileFormInitial = {
+    name: string;
+    managementUrl: string;
+};
+
+type Props = {
+    open: boolean;
+    onOpenChange: (open: boolean) => void;
+    onSubmit: (name: string, managementUrl: string) => void | Promise<void>;
+    initial?: ProfileFormInitial;
+};
+
+const MAX_PROFILE_NAME_LEN = 128;
+
+export const ProfileCreationModal = ({ open, onOpenChange, onSubmit, initial }: Props) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { mdm } = useRestrictions();
+    const managedManagementUrl = mdm.managementURL;
+    const nameId = useId();
+    const urlId = useId();
+    const isEdit = !!initial;
+    const initialModeFromUrl = (u: string): ManagementMode =>
+        u && u !== CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL ? ManagementMode.SelfHosted : ManagementMode.Cloud;
+    const initialSelfHostedUrl = (u: string): string => (u && u !== CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL ? u : "");
+
+    const [name, setName] = useState(initial?.name ?? "");
+    const [nameError, setNameError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+    const nameRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+
+    const [mode, setMode] = useState<ManagementMode>(
+        initial ? initialModeFromUrl(initial.managementUrl) : ManagementMode.Cloud,
+    );
+    const [url, setUrl] = useState(initial ? initialSelfHostedUrl(initial.managementUrl) : "");
+    const [urlError, setUrlError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+    const [unreachable, setUnreachable] = useState(false);
+    const [checking, setChecking] = useState(false);
+    const urlRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (open) {
+            setName(initial?.name ?? "");
+            setMode(initial ? initialModeFromUrl(initial.managementUrl) : ManagementMode.Cloud);
+            setUrl(initial ? initialSelfHostedUrl(initial.managementUrl) : "");
+            setNameError(null);
+            setUrlError(null);
+            setUnreachable(false);
+            setChecking(false);
+        }
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+    }, [open, initial?.name, initial?.managementUrl]);
+
+    const initialModeRef = useRef<ManagementMode>(ManagementMode.Cloud);
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!open) return;
+        initialModeRef.current = mode;
+        const id = globalThis.setTimeout(() => {
+            nameRef.current?.focus();
+            nameRef.current?.select();
+        }, 0);
+        return () => globalThis.clearTimeout(id);
+        // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
+    }, [open]);
+
+    // When the user toggles to Self-hosted inside the dialog (not on initial
+    // open), move focus to the URL input so they can start typing immediately.
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!open) return;
+        if (mode === initialModeRef.current) return;
+        if (mode !== ManagementMode.SelfHosted) return;
+        urlRef.current?.focus();
+    }, [open, mode]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        setUrlError(null);
+        setUnreachable(false);
+    }, [url, mode]);
+
+    const resolveTargetUrl = (): { url: string; needsReachCheck: boolean } | null => {
+        if (managedManagementUrl) {
+            return { url: managedManagementUrl, needsReachCheck: false };
+        }
+        if (mode === ManagementMode.Cloud) {
+            return { url: CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL, needsReachCheck: false };
+        }
+        const trimmed = url.trim();
+        if (!trimmed || !isValidManagementUrl(trimmed)) {
+            setUrlError(t("settings.general.management.urlError"));
+            urlRef.current?.focus();
+            return null;
+        }
+        const target = normalizeManagementUrl(trimmed);
+
+        const unchanged = target === initial?.managementUrl;
+        return { url: target, needsReachCheck: !unchanged };
+    };
+
+    const handleSubmit = async (e: FormEvent) => {
+        e.preventDefault();
+        if (checking) return;
+
+        const sanitized = name.trim();
+        if (sanitized.length === 0) {
+            setNameError(t("profile.dialog.required"));
+            nameRef.current?.focus();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const target = resolveTargetUrl();
+        if (!target) return;
+
+        if (target.needsReachCheck) {
+            setChecking(true);
+            const reachable = await checkManagementUrlReachable(target.url);
+            setChecking(false);
+            if (!reachable && !unreachable) {
+                setUnreachable(true);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        await onSubmit(sanitized, target.url);
+        onOpenChange(false);
+    };
+
+    const handleNameChange = (value: string) => {
+        setName(value);
+        if (nameError) setNameError(null);
+    };
+
+    const trimmedUrl = url.trim();
+    const showUrlSyntaxError =
+        mode === ManagementMode.SelfHosted &&
+        trimmedUrl !== "" &&
+        !isValidManagementUrl(trimmedUrl);
+    const urlInputError = showUrlSyntaxError
+        ? t("settings.general.management.urlError")
+        : (urlError ?? undefined);
+    const urlInputWarning =
+        !urlInputError && unreachable ? t("profile.dialog.urlUnreachable") : undefined;
+
+    return (
+        <Dialog.Root open={open} onOpenChange={onOpenChange}>
+            <Dialog.Content
+                maxWidthClass={"max-w-md"}
+                showClose={false}
+                className={"py-7"}
+                srTitle={isEdit ? t("profile.edit.title") : t("profile.dialog.title")}
+                srDescription={t("profile.dialog.description")}
+                onOpenAutoFocus={(e) => {
+                    e.preventDefault();
+                    // Focus + select-all so editing an existing name is one
+                    // keystroke away from overwriting it.
+                    nameRef.current?.focus();
+                    nameRef.current?.select();
+                }}
+            >
+                <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
+                    <div className={"flex flex-col gap-6 px-7"}>
+                        <div className={"flex flex-col gap-2"}>
+                            <div className={"pl-1"}>
+                                <Label htmlFor={nameId} className={"mb-0.5"}>
+                                    {t("profile.dialog.nameLabel")}
+                                </Label>
+                                <HelpText margin={false}>
+                                    {t("profile.dialog.description")}
+                                </HelpText>
+                            </div>
+                            <Input
+                                id={nameId}
+                                ref={nameRef}
+                                autoFocus
+                                placeholder={t("profile.dialog.placeholder")}
+                                value={name}
+                                onChange={(e) => handleNameChange(e.target.value)}
+                                error={nameError ?? undefined}
+                                maxLength={MAX_PROFILE_NAME_LEN}
+                                spellCheck={false}
+                                autoComplete={"off"}
+                                autoCapitalize={"off"}
+                            />
+                        </div>
+
+                        {!managedManagementUrl && (
+                            <div className={"flex flex-col gap-2"}>
+                                <div className={"pl-1"}>
+                                    <Label as={"div"} className={"mb-0.5"}>
+                                        {t("settings.general.management.label")}
+                                    </Label>
+                                    <HelpText margin={false}>
+                                        {t("profile.dialog.managementHelp")}
+                                    </HelpText>
+                                </div>
+                                <div className={"flex flex-col gap-3"}>
+                                    <ManagementServerSwitch
+                                        value={mode}
+                                        onChange={setMode}
+                                        fullWidth
+                                    />
+                                    {mode === ManagementMode.SelfHosted && (
+                                        <Input
+                                            id={urlId}
+                                            ref={urlRef}
+                                            aria-label={t("settings.general.management.label")}
+                                            placeholder={t(
+                                                "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder",
+                                            )}
+                                            value={url}
+                                            onChange={(e) => setUrl(e.target.value)}
+                                            error={urlInputError}
+                                            warning={urlInputWarning}
+                                            spellCheck={false}
+                                            autoComplete={"off"}
+                                            autoCorrect={"off"}
+                                            autoCapitalize={"off"}
+                                        />
+                                    )}
+                                </div>
+                            </div>
+                        )}
+
+                        <DialogActions className={"flex-row items-center justify-end gap-2.5 pt-2"}>
+                            <Button
+                                type={"button"}
+                                variant={"secondary"}
+                                size={"sm"}
+                                disabled={checking}
+                                onClick={() => onOpenChange(false)}
+                            >
+                                {t("common.cancel")}
+                            </Button>
+                            <Button
+                                type={"submit"}
+                                variant={"primary"}
+                                size={"sm"}
+                                loading={checking}
+                            >
+                                {isEdit ? t("profile.edit.submit") : t("profile.dialog.submit")}
+                            </Button>
+                        </DialogActions>
+                    </div>
+                </form>
+            </Dialog.Content>
+        </Dialog.Root>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfileDropdown.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfileDropdown.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e76e300c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfileDropdown.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+import { forwardRef, useLayoutEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import * as Popover from "@radix-ui/react-popover";
+import * as ScrollArea from "@radix-ui/react-scroll-area";
+import { Command } from "cmdk";
+import { Check, ChevronDown, Settings2, UserCircle } from "lucide-react";
+import { pickProfileIcon } from "@/modules/profiles/ProfileAvatar";
+import type { Profile } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { Tooltip } from "@/components/Tooltip";
+import { useProfile } from "@/contexts/ProfileContext";
+import { useFocusVisible } from "@/hooks/useFocusVisible";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+type ProfileDropdownProps = {
+    onManageProfiles?: () => void;
+};
+
+const MANAGE_VALUE = "__manage_profiles__";
+
+export const ProfileDropdown = ({ onManageProfiles }: ProfileDropdownProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { activeProfile, activeProfileId, profiles, switchProfile, loaded } = useProfile();
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
+    const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+    const listRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+    const handleTriggerKeyDown = (e: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => {
+        if (open) return;
+        if (e.key === "ArrowDown" || e.key === "ArrowUp") {
+            e.preventDefault();
+            setOpen(true);
+        }
+    };
+
+    const sortedProfiles = [...profiles].sort((a, b) => {
+        if (a.id === activeProfileId) return -1;
+        if (b.id === activeProfileId) return 1;
+        return a.name.localeCompare(b.name);
+    });
+
+    const guarded = async (title: string, fn: () => Promise<void>) => {
+        if (busy) return;
+        setBusy(true);
+        try {
+            await fn();
+        } catch (e) {
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: title,
+                Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+            });
+        } finally {
+            setBusy(false);
+        }
+    };
+
+    const handleSelect = (id: string) => {
+        setOpen(false);
+        if (id === activeProfileId) return;
+        void guarded(t("profile.error.switchTitle"), () => switchProfile(id));
+    };
+
+    const handleManage = () => {
+        setOpen(false);
+        onManageProfiles?.();
+    };
+
+    if (!loaded) return <ProfileTriggerSkeleton />;
+
+    const hasProfile = !!activeProfileId;
+    const activeFromList = profiles.find((p) => p.id === activeProfileId)?.name;
+    const displayName = hasProfile
+        ? (activeFromList ?? activeProfile)
+        : t("profile.selector.noProfile");
+
+    return (
+        <Popover.Root open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
+            <Popover.Trigger asChild className={"wails-no-draggable"} disabled={!hasProfile}>
+                <ProfileTriggerButton
+                    name={displayName}
+                    disabled={!hasProfile}
+                    onKeyDown={handleTriggerKeyDown}
+                />
+            </Popover.Trigger>
+            <Popover.Portal>
+                <Popover.Content
+                    align={"center"}
+                    sideOffset={8}
+                    collisionPadding={12}
+                    onOpenAutoFocus={(e) => {
+                        e.preventDefault();
+                        listRef.current?.focus();
+                    }}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "wails-no-draggable z-50 min-w-64 select-none overflow-hidden rounded-lg border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-935 p-1 text-nb-gray-200 shadow-lg",
+                        "data-[state=open]:animate-in data-[state=closed]:animate-out",
+                        "data-[state=closed]:fade-out-0 data-[state=open]:fade-in-0",
+                        "data-[state=closed]:zoom-out-95 data-[state=open]:zoom-in-95",
+                        "data-[side=bottom]:origin-top data-[side=top]:origin-bottom",
+                        "data-[side=left]:origin-right data-[side=right]:origin-left",
+                        "data-[side=bottom]:slide-in-from-top-2 data-[side=left]:slide-in-from-right-2",
+                        "data-[side=right]:slide-in-from-left-2 data-[side=top]:slide-in-from-bottom-2",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    <Command
+                        loop
+                        shouldFilter={false}
+                        onKeyDown={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+                        className={"outline-none focus:outline-none focus-visible:outline-none"}
+                    >
+                        <Command.List
+                            ref={listRef}
+                            aria-label={t("header.profile.switch")}
+                            className={"outline-none focus:outline-none focus-visible:outline-none"}
+                        >
+                            {sortedProfiles.length > 0 && (
+                                <>
+                                    <ScrollArea.Root
+                                        type={"auto"}
+                                        className={"-mx-1 overflow-hidden"}
+                                    >
+                                        <ScrollArea.Viewport className={"max-h-60 px-1"}>
+                                            {sortedProfiles.map((profile) => (
+                                                <ProfileRow
+                                                    key={profile.id}
+                                                    profile={profile}
+                                                    isActive={profile.id === activeProfileId}
+                                                    onSelect={handleSelect}
+                                                />
+                                            ))}
+                                        </ScrollArea.Viewport>
+                                        <ScrollArea.Scrollbar
+                                            orientation={"vertical"}
+                                            className={cn(
+                                                "flex touch-none select-none transition-colors",
+                                                "w-1.5 bg-transparent",
+                                            )}
+                                        >
+                                            <ScrollArea.Thumb
+                                                className={
+                                                    "relative flex-1 rounded-full bg-nb-gray-800 hover:bg-nb-gray-700"
+                                                }
+                                            />
+                                        </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
+                                    </ScrollArea.Root>
+                                    <div className={"-mx-1 h-px bg-nb-gray-910"} />
+                                </>
+                            )}
+
+                            <div className={"pt-1"}>
+                                <Command.Item
+                                    value={MANAGE_VALUE}
+                                    onSelect={handleManage}
+                                    disabled={!onManageProfiles}
+                                    className={cn(
+                                        "flex items-center gap-2 px-2 py-1.5",
+                                        "cursor-default rounded-md text-sm outline-none",
+                                        "data-[selected=true]:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                                        "data-[disabled=true]:pointer-events-none data-[disabled=true]:opacity-50",
+                                    )}
+                                >
+                                    <Settings2
+                                        size={14}
+                                        aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                        className={"shrink-0"}
+                                    />
+                                    <span className={"flex-1 truncate"}>
+                                        {t("profile.dropdown.manageProfiles")}
+                                    </span>
+                                </Command.Item>
+                            </div>
+                        </Command.List>
+                    </Command>
+                </Popover.Content>
+            </Popover.Portal>
+        </Popover.Root>
+    );
+};
+
+const ProfileTriggerSkeleton = () => (
+    <div
+        role={"status"}
+        aria-busy={"true"}
+        aria-live={"polite"}
+        className={"wails-no-draggable flex h-10 select-none items-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-3"}
+    >
+        <div
+            aria-hidden={"true"}
+            className={"size-4 shrink-0 animate-pulse rounded-full bg-nb-gray-900"}
+        />
+        <div aria-hidden={"true"} className={"h-4 w-24 animate-pulse rounded bg-nb-gray-900"} />
+    </div>
+);
+
+type ProfileTriggerButtonProps = React.ButtonHTMLAttributes<HTMLButtonElement> & {
+    name: string;
+};
+
+const ProfileTriggerButton = forwardRef<HTMLButtonElement, ProfileTriggerButtonProps>(
+    function ProfileTriggerButton({ name, className, disabled, ...props }, ref) {
+        const { t } = useTranslation();
+        const isFocusVisible = useFocusVisible();
+        const Icon = pickProfileIcon(name) ?? UserCircle;
+        return (
+            <button
+                ref={ref}
+                type={"button"}
+                disabled={disabled}
+                tabIndex={disabled ? -1 : 0}
+                aria-label={t("header.profile.switch")}
+                aria-haspopup={"listbox"}
+                className={cn(
+                    "wails-no-draggable flex h-10 cursor-default select-none items-center gap-2 rounded-lg px-3 outline-none",
+                    "text-nb-gray-200 hover:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                    "data-[state=open]:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                    "disabled:opacity-50 disabled:hover:bg-transparent",
+                    isFocusVisible &&
+                        "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                    "wails-no-draggable transition-colors duration-150",
+                    className,
+                )}
+                {...props}
+            >
+                <Icon
+                    size={16}
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={"wails-no-draggable shrink-0 text-nb-gray-200"}
+                />
+                <span className={"wails-no-draggable max-w-[140px] truncate text-sm font-medium"}>
+                    {name}
+                </span>
+                <ChevronDown
+                    size={14}
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={"wails-no-draggable shrink-0 text-nb-gray-200"}
+                />
+            </button>
+        );
+    },
+);
+
+type ProfileRowProps = {
+    profile: Profile;
+    isActive: boolean;
+    onSelect: (id: string) => void;
+};
+
+const ProfileRow = ({ profile, isActive, onSelect }: ProfileRowProps) => {
+    const showEmail = !!profile.email;
+    return (
+        <Command.Item
+            value={profile.id}
+            onSelect={() => onSelect(profile.id)}
+            className={cn(
+                "flex w-auto gap-2 px-2 py-2 pr-3 last:mb-1",
+                "cursor-default rounded-md text-sm outline-none",
+                "data-[selected=true]:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                showEmail ? "items-start" : "items-center",
+            )}
+        >
+            <div className={"flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col leading-tight"}>
+                <span className={"truncate"}>{profile.name}</span>
+                {showEmail && <TruncatedEmail email={profile.email} />}
+            </div>
+            {isActive && (
+                <Check
+                    size={16}
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={cn("shrink-0 text-netbird", showEmail && "mt-0.5")}
+                />
+            )}
+        </Command.Item>
+    );
+};
+
+const TruncatedEmail = ({ email }: { email: string }) => {
+    const ref = useRef<HTMLSpanElement>(null);
+    const [overflowing, setOverflowing] = useState(false);
+
+    useLayoutEffect(() => {
+        const el = ref.current;
+        if (!el) return;
+        setOverflowing(el.scrollWidth > el.clientWidth);
+    }, [email]);
+
+    const span = (
+        <span ref={ref} className={"mt-0.5 max-w-[180px] truncate text-xs text-nb-gray-300"}>
+            {email}
+        </span>
+    );
+    if (!overflowing) return span;
+    return <Tooltip content={email}>{span}</Tooltip>;
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfilesTab.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfilesTab.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97261ccc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/profiles/ProfilesTab.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+import { type KeyboardEvent, useLayoutEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import {
+    CircleMinus,
+    LogIn,
+    MoreVertical,
+    PencilLine,
+    PlusCircle,
+    Trash2,
+    UserCircle,
+} from "lucide-react";
+import type { Profile } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { Badge } from "@/components/Badge";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import HelpText from "@/components/typography/HelpText";
+import {
+    ProfileCreationModal,
+    type ProfileFormInitial,
+} from "@/modules/profiles/ProfileCreationModal";
+import { pickProfileIcon } from "@/modules/profiles/ProfileAvatar";
+import { Tooltip } from "@/components/Tooltip";
+import {
+    DropdownMenu,
+    DropdownMenuContent,
+    DropdownMenuItem,
+    DropdownMenuTrigger,
+} from "@/components/DropdownMenu";
+import i18next from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { useProfile } from "@/contexts/ProfileContext";
+import { useConfirm } from "@/contexts/DialogContext";
+import { Settings as SettingsSvc } from "@bindings/services";
+import { SetConfigParams } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { isNetbirdCloud } from "@/hooks/useManagementUrl.ts";
+import { SectionGroup, SettingsBottomBar } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { reconcileOrder } from "@/lib/sorting";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors";
+
+const DEFAULT_PROFILE_ID = "default";
+
+export function ProfilesTab() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const {
+        profiles,
+        activeProfileId,
+        loaded,
+        username,
+        switchProfileNoConnect,
+        addProfile,
+        removeProfile,
+        renameProfile,
+        logoutProfile,
+    } = useProfile();
+
+    const confirm = useConfirm();
+    const [newOpen, setNewOpen] = useState(false);
+    const [editTarget, setEditTarget] = useState<{
+        profile: Profile;
+        initial: ProfileFormInitial;
+    } | null>(null);
+    const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+
+    // Order is held stable so switching only flips the badge, never reorders rows
+    // (else the clicked row jumps to the top under the cursor).
+    const orderRef = useRef<string[]>([]);
+    const ordered = useMemo(() => {
+        const { order, items } = reconcileOrder(
+            orderRef.current,
+            profiles,
+            (p) => p.id,
+            (a, b) => {
+                if (a.id === activeProfileId) return -1;
+                if (b.id === activeProfileId) return 1;
+                return a.name.localeCompare(b.name);
+            },
+        );
+        orderRef.current = order;
+        return items;
+    }, [profiles, activeProfileId]);
+
+    const guarded = async (title: string, fn: () => Promise<void>) => {
+        if (busy) return;
+        setBusy(true);
+        try {
+            await fn();
+        } catch (e) {
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: title,
+                Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+            });
+        } finally {
+            setBusy(false);
+        }
+    };
+
+    const handleSwitch = async (id: string, name: string) => {
+        const ok = await confirm({
+            title: t("profile.switch.title", { name }),
+            description: t("profile.switch.message", { name }),
+            confirmLabel: t("profile.switch.confirm"),
+        });
+        if (!ok) return;
+        await guarded(i18next.t("profile.error.switchTitle"), () => switchProfileNoConnect(id));
+    };
+
+    const handleDeregister = async (id: string, name: string) => {
+        const ok = await confirm({
+            title: t("profile.deregister.title", { name }),
+            description: t("profile.deregister.message", { name }),
+            confirmLabel: t("profile.deregister.confirm"),
+        });
+        if (!ok) return;
+        void guarded(i18next.t("profile.error.deregisterTitle"), () => logoutProfile(id));
+    };
+
+    const handleDelete = async (id: string, name: string) => {
+        if (id === DEFAULT_PROFILE_ID) return;
+        const ok = await confirm({
+            title: t("profile.delete.title", { name }),
+            description: t("profile.delete.message", { name }),
+            confirmLabel: t("common.delete"),
+            danger: true,
+        });
+        if (!ok) return;
+        void guarded(i18next.t("profile.error.deleteTitle"), () => removeProfile(id));
+    };
+
+    const handleCreate = async (name: string, managementUrl: string) => {
+        await guarded(i18next.t("profile.error.createTitle"), async () => {
+            const id = await addProfile(name);
+            // SetConfig is keyed by the new profile's ID, so it writes the
+            // not-yet-active profile before the switch makes it current.
+            if (!isNetbirdCloud(managementUrl)) {
+                await SettingsSvc.SetConfig(
+                    new SetConfigParams({ profileName: id, username, managementUrl }),
+                );
+            }
+            await switchProfileNoConnect(id);
+        });
+    };
+
+    const handleEdit = async (id: string, name: string) => {
+        await guarded(i18next.t("profile.error.editTitle"), async () => {
+            const config = await SettingsSvc.GetConfig({ profileName: id, username });
+            const profile = profiles.find((p) => p.id === id);
+            if (!profile) return;
+            setEditTarget({
+                profile,
+                initial: { name, managementUrl: config.managementUrl },
+            });
+        });
+    };
+
+    const handleSave = async (name: string, managementUrl: string) => {
+        if (!editTarget) return;
+        const { profile, initial } = editTarget;
+        await guarded(i18next.t("profile.error.editTitle"), async () => {
+            if (name !== initial.name) {
+                await renameProfile(profile.id, name);
+            }
+            if (managementUrl !== initial.managementUrl) {
+                await SettingsSvc.SetConfig(
+                    new SetConfigParams({
+                        profileName: profile.id,
+                        username,
+                        managementUrl,
+                    }),
+                );
+            }
+        });
+    };
+
+    return (
+        <div>
+            <SectionGroup title={t("settings.profiles.section.profiles")}>
+                <HelpText className={"-mt-2 mb-0"}>{t("settings.profiles.intro")}</HelpText>
+
+                <div
+                    className={cn(
+                        "overflow-hidden rounded-xl border border-nb-gray-900 bg-nb-gray-930/60",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    <ProfilesTable
+                        ordered={ordered}
+                        activeProfileId={activeProfileId}
+                        onSwitch={handleSwitch}
+                        onEdit={handleEdit}
+                        onDeregister={handleDeregister}
+                        onDelete={handleDelete}
+                    />
+
+                    {loaded && ordered.length === 0 && (
+                        <div
+                            className={
+                                "flex flex-col items-center justify-center py-10 text-center"
+                            }
+                        >
+                            <UserCircle
+                                size={28}
+                                aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                className={"mb-2 text-nb-gray-500"}
+                            />
+                            <p className={"text-sm font-semibold text-nb-gray-200"}>
+                                {t("settings.profiles.emptyTitle")}
+                            </p>
+                            <p className={"mt-1 max-w-sm text-balance text-xs text-nb-gray-400"}>
+                                {t("settings.profiles.emptyDescription")}
+                            </p>
+                        </div>
+                    )}
+                </div>
+
+                <SettingsBottomBar>
+                    <Button variant={"primary"} size={"md"} onClick={() => setNewOpen(true)}>
+                        <PlusCircle size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                        {t("settings.profiles.addProfile")}
+                    </Button>
+                </SettingsBottomBar>
+            </SectionGroup>
+
+            <ProfileCreationModal
+                open={newOpen}
+                onOpenChange={setNewOpen}
+                onSubmit={handleCreate}
+            />
+
+            <ProfileCreationModal
+                open={editTarget !== null}
+                onOpenChange={(o) => {
+                    if (!o) setEditTarget(null);
+                }}
+                initial={editTarget?.initial}
+                onSubmit={handleSave}
+            />
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+type ProfilesTableProps = {
+    ordered: Profile[];
+    activeProfileId: string | undefined;
+    onSwitch: (id: string, name: string) => void;
+    onEdit: (id: string, name: string) => void;
+    onDeregister: (id: string, name: string) => void;
+    onDelete: (id: string, name: string) => void;
+};
+
+const ProfilesTable = ({
+    ordered,
+    activeProfileId,
+    onSwitch,
+    onEdit,
+    onDeregister,
+    onDelete,
+}: ProfilesTableProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const [focusedIndex, setFocusedIndex] = useState(0);
+    const rowRefs = useRef<Map<string, HTMLTableRowElement>>(new Map());
+
+    const focusRow = (index: number) => {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= ordered.length) return;
+        setFocusedIndex(index);
+        const el = rowRefs.current.get(ordered[index].id);
+        el?.focus();
+    };
+
+    const actionButtonsIn = (row: HTMLTableRowElement | undefined) =>
+        Array.from(
+            row?.querySelectorAll<HTMLButtonElement>(
+                "button:not([aria-hidden='true']):not([aria-disabled='true'])",
+            ) ?? [],
+        );
+
+    const handleRowKey = (e: KeyboardEvent<HTMLTableRowElement>, index: number): boolean => {
+        switch (e.key) {
+            case "ArrowDown":
+                focusRow(Math.min(index + 1, ordered.length - 1));
+                return true;
+            case "ArrowUp":
+                focusRow(Math.max(index - 1, 0));
+                return true;
+            case "Home":
+                focusRow(0);
+                return true;
+            case "End":
+                focusRow(ordered.length - 1);
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    const handleButtonKey = (
+        e: KeyboardEvent<HTMLTableRowElement>,
+        index: number,
+        row: HTMLTableRowElement,
+    ): boolean => {
+        const buttons = actionButtonsIn(row);
+        const current = buttons.indexOf(e.target as HTMLButtonElement);
+        if (current === -1) return false;
+
+        switch (e.key) {
+            case "ArrowDown":
+                focusRow(Math.min(index + 1, ordered.length - 1));
+                return true;
+            case "ArrowUp":
+                focusRow(Math.max(index - 1, 0));
+                return true;
+            case "Escape":
+                row.focus();
+                return true;
+            case "Tab":
+                // At the last button: jump to the next row instead of exiting the table.
+                // At the first button with Shift+Tab: jump back to the row.
+                if (!e.shiftKey && current === buttons.length - 1 && index < ordered.length - 1) {
+                    focusRow(index + 1);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (e.shiftKey && current === 0) {
+                    row.focus();
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    const handleRowKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent<HTMLTableRowElement>, index: number) => {
+        const row = rowRefs.current.get(ordered[index].id);
+        if (!row) return;
+        const onRow = e.target === row;
+        const handled = onRow ? handleRowKey(e, index) : handleButtonKey(e, index, row);
+        if (handled) e.preventDefault();
+    };
+
+    const safeFocusedIndex = Math.min(focusedIndex, Math.max(0, ordered.length - 1));
+
+    return (
+        <table
+            aria-label={t("settings.profiles.section.profiles")}
+            className={"w-full border-separate border-spacing-0 text-sm"}
+        >
+            <tbody className={"flex flex-col"}>
+                {ordered.map((profile, index) => (
+                    <ProfileRow
+                        key={profile.id}
+                        profile={profile}
+                        isActive={profile.id === activeProfileId}
+                        isFocused={index === safeFocusedIndex}
+                        isFirst={index === 0}
+                        isLast={index === ordered.length - 1}
+                        rowRef={(el) => {
+                            if (el) rowRefs.current.set(profile.id, el);
+                            else rowRefs.current.delete(profile.id);
+                        }}
+                        onKeyDown={(e) => handleRowKeyDown(e, index)}
+                        onFocus={() => setFocusedIndex(index)}
+                        onSwitch={() => onSwitch(profile.id, profile.name)}
+                        onEdit={() => onEdit(profile.id, profile.name)}
+                        onDeregister={() => onDeregister(profile.id, profile.name)}
+                        onDelete={() => onDelete(profile.id, profile.name)}
+                    />
+                ))}
+            </tbody>
+        </table>
+    );
+};
+
+type ProfileRowProps = {
+    profile: Profile;
+    isActive: boolean;
+    isFocused: boolean;
+    isFirst: boolean;
+    isLast: boolean;
+    rowRef: (el: HTMLTableRowElement | null) => void;
+    onKeyDown: (e: KeyboardEvent<HTMLTableRowElement>) => void;
+    onFocus: () => void;
+    onSwitch: () => void;
+    onEdit: () => void;
+    onDeregister: () => void;
+    onDelete: () => void;
+};
+
+const ProfileRow = ({
+    profile,
+    isActive,
+    isFocused,
+    isFirst,
+    isLast,
+    rowRef,
+    onKeyDown,
+    onFocus,
+    onSwitch,
+    onEdit,
+    onDeregister,
+    onDelete,
+}: ProfileRowProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const Icon = pickProfileIcon(profile.name) ?? UserCircle;
+    const showEmail = !!profile.email;
+
+    return (
+        <tr
+            ref={rowRef}
+            tabIndex={isFocused ? 0 : -1}
+            onKeyDown={onKeyDown}
+            onFocus={onFocus}
+            aria-label={profile.name}
+            className={cn(
+                "flex items-center gap-4 px-4 py-2.5",
+                "border-b border-nb-gray-910 last:border-b-0",
+                "outline-none",
+                isFirst && "rounded-t-xl",
+                isLast && "rounded-b-xl",
+                "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-inset focus-visible:ring-white/60",
+            )}
+        >
+            <td
+                className={cn(
+                    "flex min-w-0 flex-1 gap-2 leading-tight",
+                    showEmail ? "items-start" : "items-center",
+                )}
+            >
+                <Icon
+                    size={15}
+                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                    className={cn("shrink-0 text-nb-gray-200", showEmail ? "mt-0.5" : "")}
+                />
+                <div className={"flex min-w-0 flex-1 flex-col leading-tight"}>
+                    <div className={"flex min-w-0 items-center gap-2"}>
+                        <span
+                            className={
+                                "cursor-text select-text truncate font-medium text-nb-gray-100"
+                            }
+                        >
+                            {profile.name}
+                        </span>
+                        {isActive && <Badge>{t("settings.profiles.active")}</Badge>}
+                    </div>
+                    {showEmail && <TruncatedEmail email={profile.email} />}
+                </div>
+            </td>
+            <td className={"shrink-0 text-right"}>
+                <RowActions
+                    canSwitch={!isActive}
+                    canDeregister={!!profile.email}
+                    isDefault={profile.id === DEFAULT_PROFILE_ID}
+                    isActive={isActive}
+                    rowFocused={isFocused}
+                    onSwitch={onSwitch}
+                    onEdit={onEdit}
+                    onDeregister={onDeregister}
+                    onDelete={onDelete}
+                />
+            </td>
+        </tr>
+    );
+};
+
+const TruncatedEmail = ({ email }: { email: string }) => {
+    const ref = useRef<HTMLSpanElement>(null);
+    const [overflowing, setOverflowing] = useState(false);
+
+    useLayoutEffect(() => {
+        const el = ref.current;
+        if (!el) return;
+        setOverflowing(el.scrollWidth > el.clientWidth);
+    }, [email]);
+
+    const span = (
+        <span
+            ref={ref}
+            className={"mt-0.5 cursor-text select-text truncate text-xs text-nb-gray-300"}
+        >
+            {email}
+        </span>
+    );
+    if (!overflowing) return span;
+    return <Tooltip content={email}>{span}</Tooltip>;
+};
+
+type RowActionsProps = {
+    canSwitch: boolean;
+    canDeregister: boolean;
+    isDefault: boolean;
+    isActive: boolean;
+    rowFocused: boolean;
+    onSwitch: () => void;
+    onEdit: () => void;
+    onDeregister: () => void;
+    onDelete: () => void;
+};
+
+const RowActions = ({
+    canSwitch,
+    canDeregister,
+    isDefault,
+    isActive,
+    rowFocused,
+    onSwitch,
+    onEdit,
+    onDeregister,
+    onDelete,
+}: RowActionsProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const deleteDisabled = isDefault || isActive;
+    let deleteDisabledReason: string | null = null;
+    if (isDefault) deleteDisabledReason = t("profile.delete.disabledDefault");
+    else if (isActive) deleteDisabledReason = t("profile.delete.disabledActive");
+    return (
+        <div className={"inline-flex items-center gap-1"}>
+            <ActionIconButton
+                label={t("profile.selector.switchTo")}
+                icon={LogIn}
+                onClick={onSwitch}
+                hidden={!canSwitch}
+                tabbable={rowFocused}
+            />
+            <RowMoreMenu
+                canDeregister={canDeregister}
+                deleteDisabled={deleteDisabled}
+                deleteDisabledReason={deleteDisabledReason}
+                rowFocused={rowFocused}
+                onEdit={onEdit}
+                onDeregister={onDeregister}
+                onDelete={onDelete}
+            />
+        </div>
+    );
+};
+
+type RowMoreMenuProps = {
+    canDeregister: boolean;
+    deleteDisabled: boolean;
+    deleteDisabledReason: string | null;
+    rowFocused: boolean;
+    onEdit: () => void;
+    onDeregister: () => void;
+    onDelete: () => void;
+};
+
+const RowMoreMenu = ({
+    canDeregister,
+    deleteDisabled,
+    deleteDisabledReason,
+    rowFocused,
+    onEdit,
+    onDeregister,
+    onDelete,
+}: RowMoreMenuProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const moreLabel = t("profile.selector.moreOptions");
+    return (
+        <DropdownMenu modal={false}>
+            <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
+                <button
+                    type={"button"}
+                    aria-label={moreLabel}
+                    tabIndex={rowFocused ? 0 : -1}
+                    className={cn(
+                        "inline-flex h-9 w-9 cursor-default items-center justify-center rounded-md outline-none",
+                        "text-nb-gray-400 hover:bg-nb-gray-900 hover:text-nb-gray-100",
+                        "transition-colors duration-150",
+                        "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                        "data-[state=open]:bg-nb-gray-900 data-[state=open]:text-nb-gray-100",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    <MoreVertical size={16} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                </button>
+            </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+            <DropdownMenuContent align={"end"} sideOffset={4} className={"min-w-36 select-none"}>
+                <DropdownMenuItem onClick={onEdit}>
+                    <div className={"flex w-full items-center gap-2"}>
+                        <PencilLine size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                        <span className={"flex-1"}>{t("profile.selector.edit")}</span>
+                    </div>
+                </DropdownMenuItem>
+                {canDeregister && (
+                    <DropdownMenuItem onClick={onDeregister}>
+                        <div className={"flex w-full items-center gap-2"}>
+                            <CircleMinus size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                            <span className={"flex-1"}>{t("profile.selector.deregister")}</span>
+                        </div>
+                    </DropdownMenuItem>
+                )}
+                <DeleteMenuItem
+                    disabled={deleteDisabled}
+                    disabledReason={deleteDisabledReason}
+                    onDelete={onDelete}
+                />
+            </DropdownMenuContent>
+        </DropdownMenu>
+    );
+};
+
+type DeleteMenuItemProps = {
+    disabled: boolean;
+    disabledReason: string | null;
+    onDelete: () => void;
+};
+
+const DeleteMenuItem = ({ disabled, disabledReason, onDelete }: DeleteMenuItemProps) => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const item = (
+        <DropdownMenuItem
+            disabled={disabled}
+            onClick={disabled ? undefined : onDelete}
+            className={cn(!disabled && "text-red-500 hover:!text-red-500 focus:text-red-500")}
+        >
+            <div className={"flex w-full items-center gap-2"}>
+                <Trash2 size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                <span className={"flex-1"}>{t("profile.selector.delete")}</span>
+            </div>
+        </DropdownMenuItem>
+    );
+    if (!disabled || !disabledReason) return item;
+    return (
+        <Tooltip
+            content={<span className={"block max-w-[260px] leading-snug"}>{disabledReason}</span>}
+            side={"left"}
+        >
+            <span className={"block"}>{item}</span>
+        </Tooltip>
+    );
+};
+
+type ActionIconButtonProps = {
+    label: string;
+    icon: typeof CircleMinus;
+    onClick: () => void;
+    variant?: "default" | "danger";
+    /** Occupies space but invisible and non-interactive (preserves row layout). */
+    hidden?: boolean;
+    disabled?: boolean;
+    tabbable?: boolean;
+};
+
+const ActionIconButton = ({
+    label,
+    icon: Icon,
+    onClick,
+    variant = "default",
+    hidden = false,
+    disabled = false,
+    tabbable = true,
+}: ActionIconButtonProps) => {
+    const button = (
+        <button
+            type={"button"}
+            onClick={disabled ? undefined : onClick}
+            aria-label={label}
+            aria-hidden={hidden || undefined}
+            aria-disabled={disabled || undefined}
+            tabIndex={hidden || !tabbable ? -1 : 0}
+            className={cn(
+                "inline-flex h-9 w-9 cursor-default items-center justify-center rounded-md outline-none",
+                "transition-colors duration-150",
+                "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+                variant === "danger"
+                    ? "text-nb-gray-400 hover:bg-red-500/10 hover:text-red-500"
+                    : "text-nb-gray-400 hover:bg-nb-gray-900 hover:text-nb-gray-100",
+                hidden && "pointer-events-none opacity-0",
+                disabled &&
+                    "cursor-not-allowed opacity-40 hover:!bg-transparent hover:!text-nb-gray-400",
+            )}
+        >
+            <Icon size={16} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+        </button>
+    );
+    if (hidden) return button;
+    return (
+        <Tooltip
+            content={<span className={"block max-w-[260px] leading-snug"}>{label}</span>}
+            side={"top"}
+        >
+            {button}
+        </Tooltip>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/session/SessionExpirationDialog.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/session/SessionExpirationDialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e57040a7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/session/SessionExpirationDialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { useSearchParams } from "react-router-dom";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { AlertCircleIcon, ClockIcon } from "lucide-react";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { ConfirmDialog } from "@/components/dialog/ConfirmDialog";
+import { DialogActions } from "@/components/dialog/DialogActions";
+import { DialogDescription } from "@/components/dialog/DialogDescription";
+import { DialogHeading } from "@/components/dialog/DialogHeading";
+import { SquareIcon } from "@/components/SquareIcon";
+import { Connection, Profiles as ProfilesSvc, Session, WindowManager } from "@bindings/services";
+import { useAutoSizeWindow } from "@/hooks/useAutoSizeWindow";
+import { EVENT_BROWSER_LOGIN_CANCEL, EVENT_TRIGGER_LOGIN } from "@/lib/connection";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors.ts";
+import { formatRemaining } from "@/lib/formatters";
+
+const DEFAULT_SECONDS = 360;
+const WINDOW_WIDTH = 360;
+const SOON_THRESHOLD_SECONDS = 60 * 60;
+const DEADLINE_TOLERANCE_MS = 5 * 1000;
+// The final-warning deadline reaches the Go side as RFC3339 truncated to whole
+// seconds, while the status snapshot carries millisecond precision, so an
+// unchanged deadline can look up to 999 ms newer than the exact URL value.
+const EXACT_DEADLINE_TOLERANCE_MS = 999;
+
+export default function SessionExpirationDialog() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const contentRef = useAutoSizeWindow<HTMLDivElement>(WINDOW_WIDTH);
+    const [params] = useSearchParams();
+    const initialSeconds = useMemo(() => {
+        const raw = params.get("seconds");
+        if (!raw) return DEFAULT_SECONDS;
+        const n = Number.parseInt(raw, 10);
+        return Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0 ? n : DEFAULT_SECONDS;
+    }, [params]);
+    const initialDeadline = useMemo(() => {
+        const raw = params.get("deadline");
+        if (!raw) return null;
+        const n = Number.parseInt(raw, 10);
+        return Number.isFinite(n) && n > 0 ? n : null;
+    }, [params]);
+
+    const [remaining, setRemaining] = useState(initialSeconds);
+    const [busy, setBusy] = useState(false);
+    const busyRef = useRef(busy);
+    busyRef.current = busy;
+    const openedDeadlineRef = useRef(initialDeadline ?? Date.now() + initialSeconds * 1000);
+    const exactDeadlineRef = useRef(initialDeadline !== null);
+    const expired = remaining <= 0;
+    const expiredRef = useRef(expired);
+    expiredRef.current = expired;
+    const soon = remaining <= SOON_THRESHOLD_SECONDS;
+    const activeTitle = soon ? t("sessionExpiration.title") : t("sessionExpiration.titleLater");
+    const activeDescription = soon
+        ? t("sessionExpiration.description")
+        : t("sessionExpiration.descriptionLater");
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        setRemaining(initialSeconds);
+        openedDeadlineRef.current = initialDeadline ?? Date.now() + initialSeconds * 1000;
+        exactDeadlineRef.current = initialDeadline !== null;
+    }, [initialSeconds, initialDeadline]);
+
+    // Recompute from the absolute deadline instead of decrementing per tick: webview
+    // timers get suspended for tens of seconds (App Nap / hidden-window throttling),
+    // so a tick counter drifts behind the wall clock by the suspended time.
+    useEffect(() => {
+        const id = globalThis.setInterval(() => {
+            setRemaining(Math.max(0, Math.ceil((openedDeadlineRef.current - Date.now()) / 1000)));
+        }, 1000);
+        return () => globalThis.clearInterval(id);
+    }, [initialSeconds]);
+
+    // Auto-close only when the session was actually renewed elsewhere (tray action, CLI,
+    // main window): the daemon keeps emitting Connected snapshots regardless of session
+    // state, so the signal is the deadline jumping past the one this dialog was opened for.
+    // With the exact deadline from the URL any jump past its sub-second precision loss
+    // counts; the seconds-derived fallback needs a wider tolerance for the Go-side
+    // truncation and mount latency.
+    // Don't auto-close while busy (aborts our WaitExtend) or expired (hides the state).
+    useEffect(() => {
+        const off = Events.On(
+            "netbird:status",
+            (ev: { data: { status?: string; sessionExpiresAt?: string | null } }) => {
+                if (busyRef.current || expiredRef.current) return;
+                if (ev?.data?.status !== "Connected") return;
+                const raw = ev?.data?.sessionExpiresAt;
+                if (!raw) return;
+                const renewed = Date.parse(raw);
+                if (!Number.isFinite(renewed)) return;
+                const tolerance = exactDeadlineRef.current
+                    ? EXACT_DEADLINE_TOLERANCE_MS
+                    : DEADLINE_TOLERANCE_MS;
+                if (renewed - openedDeadlineRef.current > tolerance) {
+                    WindowManager.CloseSessionExpiration().catch(console.error);
+                }
+            },
+        );
+        return () => {
+            off();
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    const stay = useCallback(async () => {
+        if (busy) return;
+        setBusy(true);
+
+        let offCancel: (() => void) | undefined;
+
+        // Return the dialog to its interactive state and dismiss the browser popup
+        const resetDialog = () => {
+            offCancel?.();
+            WindowManager.CloseBrowserLogin().catch(console.error);
+            setBusy(false);
+        };
+
+        try {
+            const start = await Session.RequestExtend({ hint: "" });
+            const uri = start.verificationUriComplete || start.verificationUri;
+
+            // The popup opens the URL and (Go-side) hides this window, restoring it on close.
+            if (uri) {
+                try {
+                    await WindowManager.OpenBrowserLogin(uri);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    console.error(e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            const cancelPromise = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+                offCancel = Events.On(EVENT_BROWSER_LOGIN_CANCEL, () => {
+                    resolve();
+                });
+            });
+
+            const waitPromise = Session.WaitExtend({
+                deviceCode: start.deviceCode,
+                userCode: start.userCode,
+            });
+
+            const outcome = await Promise.race([
+                waitPromise.then((r) => ({ kind: "done" as const, result: r })),
+                cancelPromise.then(() => ({ kind: "cancel" as const })),
+            ]);
+
+            if (outcome.kind === "cancel") {
+                waitPromise.cancel?.();
+                waitPromise.catch(() => {});
+                resetDialog();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Another surface owns this flow; keep the dialog open to retry.
+            if (outcome.result.preempted) {
+                resetDialog();
+                return;
+            }
+            WindowManager.CloseRenewFlow().catch(console.error);
+        } catch (e) {
+            resetDialog();
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: t("sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle"),
+                Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+            });
+        }
+    }, [busy, t]);
+
+    const authenticate = useCallback(async () => {
+        if (busy) return;
+        setBusy(true);
+        try {
+            await Events.Emit(EVENT_TRIGGER_LOGIN);
+            await WindowManager.CloseSessionExpiration();
+        } catch (e) {
+            setBusy(false);
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: t("connect.error.loginTitle"),
+                Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+            });
+        }
+    }, [busy, t]);
+
+    const logout = useCallback(async () => {
+        if (busy) return;
+        setBusy(true);
+        try {
+            const username = await ProfilesSvc.Username();
+            const active = await ProfilesSvc.GetActive();
+            await Connection.Logout({
+                profileName: active.id || "default",
+                username,
+            });
+            WindowManager.CloseSessionExpiration().catch(console.error);
+        } catch (e) {
+            setBusy(false);
+            await errorDialog({
+                Title: t("sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle"),
+                Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+            });
+        }
+    }, [busy, t]);
+
+    const close = useCallback(() => {
+        WindowManager.CloseSessionExpiration().catch(console.error);
+    }, []);
+
+    return (
+        <ConfirmDialog ref={contentRef} aria-labelledby={"nb-session-expiration-title"}>
+            <SquareIcon icon={expired ? AlertCircleIcon : ClockIcon} />
+
+            <div className={"flex flex-col items-center gap-1"}>
+                <DialogHeading id={"nb-session-expiration-title"}>
+                    {expired ? t("sessionExpiration.expired") : activeTitle}
+                </DialogHeading>
+                <DialogDescription>
+                    {expired ? t("sessionExpiration.expiredDescription") : activeDescription}
+                </DialogDescription>
+            </div>
+
+            {!expired && (
+                <div
+                    className={
+                        "font-mono text-2xl font-semibold tabular-nums tracking-wider text-nb-gray-50"
+                    }
+                    aria-live={"polite"}
+                >
+                    {formatRemaining(remaining)}
+                </div>
+            )}
+
+            <DialogActions>
+                <Button
+                    autoFocus
+                    variant={"primary"}
+                    size={"md"}
+                    className={"w-full"}
+                    onClick={expired ? authenticate : stay}
+                    disabled={busy}
+                >
+                    {expired ? t("sessionExpiration.authenticate") : t("sessionExpiration.stay")}
+                </Button>
+                <Button
+                    variant={"secondary"}
+                    size={"md"}
+                    className={"w-full"}
+                    onClick={expired ? close : logout}
+                    disabled={busy}
+                >
+                    {expired ? t("sessionExpiration.close") : t("sessionExpiration.logout")}
+                </Button>
+            </DialogActions>
+        </ConfirmDialog>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsAbout.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsAbout.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ba1009ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsAbout.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+import type { ComponentType, SVGProps } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Browser } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { BookOpen, MessageSquareText, MessagesSquare } from "lucide-react";
+import netbirdFull from "@/assets/logos/netbird-full.svg";
+
+// Brand glyphs from simpleicons.org (lucide deprecated its brand icons).
+const GithubIcon = (props: SVGProps<SVGSVGElement>) => (
+    <svg viewBox={"0 0 24 24"} fill={"currentColor"} {...props}>
+        <path
+            d={
+                "M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"
+            }
+        />
+    </svg>
+);
+const SlackIcon = (props: SVGProps<SVGSVGElement>) => (
+    <svg viewBox={"0 0 24 24"} fill={"currentColor"} {...props}>
+        <path
+            d={
+                "M5.042 15.165a2.528 2.528 0 0 1-2.52 2.523A2.528 2.528 0 0 1 0 15.165a2.527 2.527 0 0 1 2.522-2.52h2.52v2.52zM6.313 15.165a2.527 2.527 0 0 1 2.521-2.52 2.527 2.527 0 0 1 2.521 2.52v6.313A2.528 2.528 0 0 1 8.834 24a2.528 2.528 0 0 1-2.521-2.522v-6.313zM8.834 5.042a2.528 2.528 0 0 1-2.521-2.52A2.528 2.528 0 0 1 8.834 0a2.528 2.528 0 0 1 2.521 2.522v2.52H8.834zM8.834 6.313a2.528 2.528 0 0 1 2.521 2.521 2.528 2.528 0 0 1-2.521 2.521H2.522A2.528 2.528 0 0 1 0 8.834a2.528 2.528 0 0 1 2.522-2.521h6.312zM18.956 8.834a2.528 2.528 0 0 1 2.522-2.521A2.528 2.528 0 0 1 24 8.834a2.528 2.528 0 0 1-2.522 2.521h-2.522V8.834zM17.688 8.834a2.528 2.528 0 0 1-2.523 2.521 2.527 2.527 0 0 1-2.52-2.521V2.522A2.527 2.527 0 0 1 15.165 0a2.528 2.528 0 0 1 2.523 2.522v6.312zM15.165 18.956a2.528 2.528 0 0 1 2.523 2.522A2.528 2.528 0 0 1 15.165 24a2.527 2.527 0 0 1-2.52-2.522v-2.522h2.52zM15.165 17.688a2.527 2.527 0 0 1-2.52-2.523 2.526 2.526 0 0 1 2.52-2.52h6.313A2.527 2.527 0 0 1 24 15.165a2.528 2.528 0 0 1-2.522 2.523h-6.313z"
+            }
+        />
+    </svg>
+);
+import { useSettings } from "@/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx";
+import { useStatus } from "@/contexts/StatusContext.tsx";
+import { UpdateVersionCard } from "@/modules/auto-update/UpdateVersionCard";
+import { useAccentTrigger } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsAccent";
+
+function openUrl(url: string) {
+    Browser.OpenURL(url).catch(() => {
+        window.open(url, "_blank");
+    });
+}
+
+export function SettingsAbout() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { status } = useStatus();
+    const { guiVersion } = useSettings();
+    const daemonVersion = status?.daemonVersion ?? "—";
+
+    const handleVersionClick = useAccentTrigger();
+
+    const COMMUNITY_LINKS: {
+        label: string;
+        url: string;
+        Icon: ComponentType<SVGProps<SVGSVGElement>>;
+        iconClassName?: string;
+    }[] = [
+        {
+            label: t("settings.about.community.github"),
+            url: "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird",
+            Icon: GithubIcon,
+            iconClassName: "h-3 w-3",
+        },
+        {
+            label: t("settings.about.community.slack"),
+            url: "https://docs.netbird.io/slack-url",
+            Icon: SlackIcon,
+            iconClassName: "h-3 w-3",
+        },
+        {
+            label: t("settings.about.community.forum"),
+            url: "https://forum.netbird.io",
+            Icon: MessagesSquare,
+        },
+        {
+            label: t("settings.about.community.documentation"),
+            url: "https://docs.netbird.io",
+            Icon: BookOpen,
+        },
+        {
+            label: t("settings.about.community.feedback"),
+            url: "https://forms.gle/TeLw2zrXEdw6RcQ36",
+            Icon: MessageSquareText,
+        },
+    ];
+
+    const LEGAL_LINKS: { label: string; url: string }[] = [
+        { label: t("settings.about.links.imprint"), url: "https://netbird.io/imprint" },
+        { label: t("settings.about.links.privacy"), url: "https://netbird.io/privacy" },
+        { label: t("settings.about.links.cla"), url: "https://netbird.io/cla" },
+        { label: t("settings.about.links.terms"), url: "https://netbird.io/terms" },
+    ];
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={
+                "mx-auto flex min-h-[calc(100vh-12rem)] max-w-2xl flex-col items-center justify-center gap-4"
+            }
+        >
+            <img src={netbirdFull} alt={t("common.netbird")} className={"h-7 w-auto"} />
+            <div className={"flex flex-col items-center gap-0.5 text-center"}>
+                <button
+                    type={"button"}
+                    onClick={handleVersionClick}
+                    className={
+                        "cursor-text select-text bg-transparent text-sm font-semibold text-nb-gray-100 outline-none"
+                    }
+                >
+                    {daemonVersion === "development" ? (
+                        <span>
+                            {t("settings.about.clientName")}{" "}
+                            <span className={"font-mono text-yellow-400"}>
+                                {t("settings.about.development")}
+                            </span>
+                        </span>
+                    ) : (
+                        t("settings.about.client", { version: daemonVersion })
+                    )}
+                </button>
+                <p className={"cursor-text select-text text-sm font-medium text-nb-gray-250"}>
+                    {guiVersion === "development" ? (
+                        <span>
+                            {t("settings.about.guiName")}{" "}
+                            <span className={"font-mono text-yellow-400"}>
+                                {t("settings.about.development")}
+                            </span>
+                        </span>
+                    ) : (
+                        t("settings.about.gui", { version: guiVersion })
+                    )}
+                </p>
+            </div>
+
+            <UpdateVersionCard />
+
+            <p className={"mt-2 text-center text-sm text-nb-gray-300"}>
+                {t("settings.about.copyright", { year: new Date().getFullYear() })}
+            </p>
+            <div
+                className={"flex flex-wrap justify-center gap-x-4 gap-y-1 text-xs text-nb-gray-200"}
+            >
+                {COMMUNITY_LINKS.map(({ label, url, Icon, iconClassName }) => (
+                    <button
+                        key={url}
+                        type={"button"}
+                        tabIndex={0}
+                        onClick={() => openUrl(url)}
+                        className={
+                            "inline-flex items-center gap-1.5 rounded-sm decoration-[0.5px] underline-offset-4 outline-none transition hover:text-nb-gray-100 hover:underline focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940"
+                        }
+                    >
+                        <Icon aria-hidden={"true"} className={iconClassName ?? "h-3.5 w-3.5"} />
+                        <span>{label}</span>
+                    </button>
+                ))}
+            </div>
+            <div
+                className={"flex flex-wrap justify-center gap-x-4 gap-y-1 text-xs text-nb-gray-200"}
+            >
+                {LEGAL_LINKS.map((link) => (
+                    <button
+                        key={link.url}
+                        type={"button"}
+                        tabIndex={0}
+                        onClick={() => openUrl(link.url)}
+                        className={
+                            "rounded-sm decoration-[0.5px] underline-offset-4 outline-none transition hover:text-nb-gray-100 hover:underline focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940"
+                        }
+                    >
+                        {link.label}
+                    </button>
+                ))}
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsAccent.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsAccent.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7d9c96c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsAccent.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { createRoot } from "react-dom/client";
+
+export function useAccentTrigger() {
+    const clicksRef = useRef(0);
+    const lastClickRef = useRef(0);
+
+    return useCallback(() => {
+        const now = performance.now();
+        if (now - lastClickRef.current > 400) {
+            clicksRef.current = 0;
+        }
+        lastClickRef.current = now;
+        clicksRef.current += 1;
+        if (clicksRef.current >= 10) {
+            clicksRef.current = 0;
+            triggerAccent();
+        }
+    }, []);
+}
+
+function triggerAccent() {
+    if (document.getElementById("nb-accent-root")) return;
+
+    const container = document.createElement("div");
+    container.id = "nb-accent-root";
+    document.body.appendChild(container);
+    const root = createRoot(container);
+
+    const cleanup = () => {
+        root.unmount();
+        container.remove();
+    };
+
+    root.render(<Accent onDone={cleanup} />);
+}
+
+function Accent({ onDone }: Readonly<{ onDone: () => void }>) {
+    const canvasRef = useRef<HTMLCanvasElement>(null);
+    const [visible, setVisible] = useState(false);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        const raf = requestAnimationFrame(() => setVisible(true));
+        return () => cancelAnimationFrame(raf);
+    }, []);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        const canvas = canvasRef.current;
+        if (!canvas) return;
+        const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
+        if (!ctx) return;
+
+        const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
+        const resize = () => {
+            canvas.width = window.innerWidth * dpr;
+            canvas.height = window.innerHeight * dpr;
+            canvas.style.width = `${window.innerWidth}px`;
+            canvas.style.height = `${window.innerHeight}px`;
+            ctx.setTransform(dpr, 0, 0, dpr, 0, 0);
+        };
+        resize();
+        window.addEventListener("resize", resize);
+
+        const chars = "TEAMNETBIRD";
+        const fontSize = 16;
+        const columns = Math.floor(window.innerWidth / fontSize);
+        const drops = Array.from({ length: columns }, () => Math.random() * -50);
+
+        let raf = 0;
+        let last = 0;
+        const draw = (t: number) => {
+            if (t - last > 50) {
+                last = t;
+
+                ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "destination-out";
+                ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)";
+                ctx.fillRect(0, 0, window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
+
+                ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over";
+                ctx.font = `${fontSize}px ui-monospace, monospace`;
+                ctx.fillStyle = "#f68330";
+
+                for (let i = 0; i < drops.length; i++) {
+                    const ch = chars[Math.floor(Math.random() * chars.length)];
+                    const y = drops[i] * fontSize;
+                    ctx.fillText(ch, i * fontSize, y);
+                    if (y > window.innerHeight && Math.random() > 0.975) {
+                        drops[i] = 0;
+                    }
+                    drops[i]++;
+                }
+            }
+            raf = requestAnimationFrame(draw);
+        };
+        raf = requestAnimationFrame(draw);
+
+        const timeout = globalThis.setTimeout(() => {
+            setVisible(false);
+            globalThis.setTimeout(onDone, 500);
+        }, 9000);
+
+        return () => {
+            cancelAnimationFrame(raf);
+            globalThis.clearTimeout(timeout);
+            window.removeEventListener("resize", resize);
+        };
+    }, [onDone]);
+
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={`pointer-events-none fixed inset-0 z-50 bg-black/5 transition-opacity duration-500 ${visible ? "opacity-100" : "opacity-0"}`}
+        >
+            <canvas ref={canvasRef} className={"block"} />
+        </div>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsAdvanced.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsAdvanced.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37b1932d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsAdvanced.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { System } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import Button from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { HelpText } from "@/components/typography/HelpText";
+import { Input } from "@/components/inputs/Input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/typography/Label";
+import { SectionGroup, SettingsBottomBar } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx";
+import { useSettings } from "@/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx";
+
+// macOS daemon/CLI only accept utun<N> (Darwin parses digits as the utun unit); Linux caps at IFNAMSIZ-1 = 15 chars.
+const IS_MAC = System.IsMac();
+const INTERFACE_NAME_RE = IS_MAC ? /^utun\d+$/ : /^[A-Za-z0-9._-]{1,15}$/;
+const INTERFACE_NAME_ERROR_KEY = IS_MAC
+    ? "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac"
+    : "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error";
+
+// Port 0 lets the daemon pick a random free port.
+const PORT_MIN = 0;
+const PORT_MAX = 65535;
+
+// Mirrors client/iface/iface.go MinMTU / MaxMTU.
+const MTU_MIN = 576;
+const MTU_MAX = 8192;
+
+const PSK_MASK = "**********";
+
+export function SettingsAdvanced() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { config, saveFields } = useSettings();
+    const { mdm } = useRestrictions();
+
+    const initialPsk = config.preSharedKeySet ? PSK_MASK : "";
+
+    const [values, setValues] = useState({
+        interfaceName: config.interfaceName,
+        wireguardPort: config.wireguardPort,
+        mtu: config.mtu,
+    });
+
+    const [pskInputValue, setPskInputValue] = useState(initialPsk);
+    const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        setValues({
+            interfaceName: config.interfaceName,
+            wireguardPort: config.wireguardPort,
+            mtu: config.mtu,
+        });
+        setPskInputValue(config.preSharedKeySet ? PSK_MASK : "");
+    }, [config.interfaceName, config.wireguardPort, config.mtu, config.preSharedKeySet]);
+
+    const errors = useMemo(() => {
+        const out: { interfaceName?: string; wireguardPort?: string; mtu?: string } = {};
+        if (!INTERFACE_NAME_RE.test(values.interfaceName)) {
+            out.interfaceName = t(INTERFACE_NAME_ERROR_KEY);
+        }
+        if (
+            !Number.isInteger(values.wireguardPort) ||
+            values.wireguardPort < PORT_MIN ||
+            values.wireguardPort > PORT_MAX
+        ) {
+            out.wireguardPort = t("settings.advanced.port.error", {
+                min: PORT_MIN,
+                max: PORT_MAX,
+            });
+        }
+        if (!Number.isInteger(values.mtu) || values.mtu < MTU_MIN || values.mtu > MTU_MAX) {
+            out.mtu = t("settings.advanced.mtu.error", { min: MTU_MIN, max: MTU_MAX });
+        }
+        return out;
+    }, [values.interfaceName, values.wireguardPort, values.mtu, t]);
+
+    const filteredErrors = mdm.wireguardPort ? { ...errors, wireguardPort: undefined } : errors;
+    const hasErrors = Object.values(filteredErrors).some((v) => v !== undefined);
+    const pskChanged = pskInputValue !== initialPsk;
+    const hasChanges =
+        values.interfaceName !== config.interfaceName ||
+        (!mdm.wireguardPort && values.wireguardPort !== config.wireguardPort) ||
+        values.mtu !== config.mtu ||
+        (!mdm.preSharedKey && pskChanged);
+
+    const handleSave = async () => {
+        if (!hasChanges || saving || hasErrors) return;
+        setSaving(true);
+        try {
+            const partial: typeof values = { ...values };
+            if (mdm.wireguardPort) partial.wireguardPort = config.wireguardPort;
+
+            const pskEdited = !mdm.preSharedKey && pskChanged && pskInputValue !== PSK_MASK;
+            const pskOpts = pskEdited ? { preSharedKey: pskInputValue } : undefined;
+            await saveFields(partial, pskOpts);
+            if (pskEdited) setPskInputValue(pskInputValue === "" ? "" : PSK_MASK);
+        } finally {
+            setSaving(false);
+        }
+    };
+
+    return (
+        <>
+            <SectionGroup title={t("settings.advanced.section.interface")}>
+                <Input
+                    label={t("settings.advanced.interfaceName.label")}
+                    value={values.interfaceName}
+                    error={errors.interfaceName}
+                    onChange={(e) => setValues((v) => ({ ...v, interfaceName: e.target.value }))}
+                    spellCheck={false}
+                    autoComplete={"off"}
+                    autoCorrect={"off"}
+                    autoCapitalize={"off"}
+                />
+                <div className={mdm.wireguardPort ? "" : "grid grid-cols-2 gap-4"}>
+                    {!mdm.wireguardPort && (
+                        <div>
+                            <Input
+                                label={t("settings.advanced.port.label")}
+                                type={"number"}
+                                min={PORT_MIN}
+                                max={PORT_MAX}
+                                value={values.wireguardPort}
+                                error={errors.wireguardPort}
+                                onChange={(e) =>
+                                    setValues((v) => ({
+                                        ...v,
+                                        wireguardPort: Number(e.target.value),
+                                    }))
+                                }
+                            />
+                            <HelpText className={"mt-1.5"}>
+                                {t("settings.advanced.port.help")}
+                            </HelpText>
+                        </div>
+                    )}
+                    <Input
+                        label={t("settings.advanced.mtu.label")}
+                        type={"number"}
+                        min={MTU_MIN}
+                        max={MTU_MAX}
+                        value={values.mtu}
+                        error={errors.mtu}
+                        onChange={(e) => setValues((v) => ({ ...v, mtu: Number(e.target.value) }))}
+                    />
+                </div>
+            </SectionGroup>
+
+            {!mdm.preSharedKey && (
+                <SectionGroup title={t("settings.advanced.section.security")}>
+                    <div>
+                        <Label as={"div"}>{t("settings.advanced.psk.label")}</Label>
+                        <HelpText>{t("settings.advanced.psk.help")}</HelpText>
+                        <Input
+                            type={"password"}
+                            showPasswordToggle={pskInputValue !== PSK_MASK}
+                            placeholder={"kQv0qF3oQpJYdgD5mC9hL7sB2xZ8nT4eU6wY1aR3jK0="}
+                            value={pskInputValue}
+                            onChange={(e) => setPskInputValue(e.target.value)}
+                            spellCheck={false}
+                            autoComplete={"new-password"}
+                            autoCorrect={"off"}
+                            autoCapitalize={"off"}
+                        />
+                    </div>
+                </SectionGroup>
+            )}
+
+            <SettingsBottomBar>
+                <Button
+                    variant={"primary"}
+                    size={"md"}
+                    disabled={!hasChanges || saving || hasErrors}
+                    onClick={handleSave}
+                >
+                    {t("common.saveChanges")}
+                </Button>
+            </SettingsBottomBar>
+        </>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsGeneral.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsGeneral.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71720aebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsGeneral.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+import { useEffect, useId, useRef } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import FancyToggleSwitch from "@/components/switches/FancyToggleSwitch";
+import { HelpText } from "@/components/typography/HelpText";
+import { Input } from "@/components/inputs/Input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/typography/Label";
+import { SectionGroup } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx";
+import { useAutostartSetting, useSettings } from "@/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx";
+import { ManagementServerSwitch } from "@/components/ManagementServerSwitch.tsx";
+import { ManagementMode, useManagementUrl } from "@/hooks/useManagementUrl.ts";
+import { LanguagePicker } from "@/components/LanguagePicker.tsx";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx";
+import { useKeepConnectedOnQuit } from "@/hooks/useKeepConnectedOnQuit.ts";
+
+export function SettingsGeneral() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { config, setField } = useSettings();
+    const { autostart, setAutostartEnabled } = useAutostartSetting();
+    const { mode, setMode, setUrl, displayUrl, showError, canSave, save, checking, unreachable } =
+        useManagementUrl();
+    const { mdm, features } = useRestrictions();
+    const { keepConnected, setKeepConnectedOnQuit } = useKeepConnectedOnQuit();
+
+    const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
+    const managementUrlId = useId();
+    const prevMode = useRef(mode);
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (prevMode.current === ManagementMode.Cloud && mode === ManagementMode.SelfHosted) {
+            inputRef.current?.focus();
+        }
+        prevMode.current = mode;
+    }, [mode]);
+
+    return (
+        <>
+            <SectionGroup title={t("settings.general.section.general")}>
+                <LanguagePicker />
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={!config.disableNotifications}
+                    onChange={(v) => setField("disableNotifications", !v)}
+                    label={t("settings.general.notifications.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.general.notifications.help")}
+                />
+                {!mdm.disableAutoConnect && !features.disableUpdateSettings && (
+                    <FancyToggleSwitch
+                        value={!config.disableAutoConnect}
+                        onChange={(v) => setField("disableAutoConnect", !v)}
+                        label={t("settings.general.connectOnStartup.label")}
+                        helpText={t("settings.general.connectOnStartup.help")}
+                    />
+                )}
+                {(autostart === null || autostart.supported) && (
+                    <FancyToggleSwitch
+                        value={autostart?.enabled ?? false}
+                        onChange={setAutostartEnabled}
+                        loading={autostart === null}
+                        label={t("settings.general.autostart.label")}
+                        helpText={t("settings.general.autostart.help")}
+                    />
+                )}
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={keepConnected ?? false}
+                    onChange={(v) => {
+                        void setKeepConnectedOnQuit(v);
+                    }}
+                    loading={keepConnected === null}
+                    label={t("settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help")}
+                />
+            </SectionGroup>
+
+            {!mdm.managementURL && !features.disableUpdateSettings && (
+                <SectionGroup title={t("settings.general.section.connection")}>
+                    <div>
+                        <div className={"flex items-start gap-3"}>
+                            <div className={"min-w-0 flex-1"}>
+                                <Label htmlFor={managementUrlId}>
+                                    {t("settings.general.management.label")}
+                                </Label>
+                                <HelpText>{t("settings.general.management.help")}</HelpText>
+                            </div>
+                            <ManagementServerSwitch value={mode} onChange={setMode} />
+                        </div>
+                        {mode === ManagementMode.SelfHosted && (
+                            <div className={"mt-2 flex items-start gap-3"}>
+                                <Input
+                                    id={managementUrlId}
+                                    ref={inputRef}
+                                    value={displayUrl}
+                                    onChange={(e) => setUrl(e.target.value)}
+                                    placeholder={t("settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder")}
+                                    error={
+                                        showError
+                                            ? t("settings.general.management.urlError")
+                                            : undefined
+                                    }
+                                    warning={
+                                        unreachable
+                                            ? t("settings.general.management.urlUnreachable")
+                                            : undefined
+                                    }
+                                    spellCheck={false}
+                                    autoComplete={"off"}
+                                    autoCorrect={"off"}
+                                    autoCapitalize={"off"}
+                                />
+                                <Button
+                                    variant={"primary"}
+                                    size={"md"}
+                                    disabled={!canSave}
+                                    loading={checking}
+                                    onClick={() => save()}
+                                >
+                                    {t("common.save")}
+                                </Button>
+                            </div>
+                        )}
+                    </div>
+                </SectionGroup>
+            )}
+        </>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsNavigation.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsNavigation.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..816dcb71f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsNavigation.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Tooltip } from "@/components/Tooltip.tsx";
+import { VerticalTabs } from "@/components/VerticalTabs.tsx";
+import { UpdateBadge } from "@/modules/auto-update/UpdateBadge.tsx";
+import { useClientVersion } from "@/contexts/ClientVersionContext.tsx";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx";
+import {
+    BoltIcon,
+    InfoIcon,
+    LifeBuoyIcon,
+    NetworkIcon,
+    ShieldIcon,
+    SlidersHorizontalIcon,
+    SquareTerminalIcon,
+    UserCircleIcon,
+} from "lucide-react";
+
+export const SettingsNavigation = () => {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { updateAvailable } = useClientVersion();
+    const { mdm, features } = useRestrictions();
+    const showSsh = mdm.allowServerSSH ?? !features.disableUpdateSettings;
+
+    const aboutAdornment = updateAvailable ? (
+        <Tooltip content={t("settings.tabs.updateAvailable")} side={"right"}>
+            <UpdateBadge />
+        </Tooltip>
+    ) : undefined;
+
+    return (
+        <div className={"flex w-52 shrink-0 select-none flex-col items-center"}>
+            <VerticalTabs.List aria-label={t("settings.nav.label")}>
+                <VerticalTabs.Trigger
+                    value={"general"}
+                    icon={SlidersHorizontalIcon}
+                    title={t("settings.tabs.general")}
+                />
+                {!features.disableUpdateSettings && (
+                    <>
+                        <VerticalTabs.Trigger
+                            value={"network"}
+                            icon={NetworkIcon}
+                            title={t("settings.tabs.network")}
+                        />
+                        <VerticalTabs.Trigger
+                            value={"security"}
+                            icon={ShieldIcon}
+                            title={t("settings.tabs.security")}
+                        />
+                    </>
+                )}
+                {!features.disableProfiles && (
+                    <VerticalTabs.Trigger
+                        value={"profiles"}
+                        icon={UserCircleIcon}
+                        title={t("settings.tabs.profiles")}
+                    />
+                )}
+                {showSsh && (
+                    <VerticalTabs.Trigger
+                        value={"ssh"}
+                        icon={SquareTerminalIcon}
+                        title={t("settings.tabs.ssh")}
+                    />
+                )}
+                {!features.disableUpdateSettings && (
+                    <VerticalTabs.Trigger
+                        value={"advanced"}
+                        icon={BoltIcon}
+                        title={t("settings.tabs.advanced")}
+                    />
+                )}
+                <VerticalTabs.Trigger
+                    value={"troubleshooting"}
+                    icon={LifeBuoyIcon}
+                    title={t("settings.tabs.troubleshooting")}
+                />
+                <VerticalTabs.Trigger
+                    value={"about"}
+                    icon={InfoIcon}
+                    title={t("settings.tabs.about")}
+                    adornment={aboutAdornment}
+                />
+            </VerticalTabs.List>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsNetwork.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsNetwork.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c903b634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsNetwork.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import FancyToggleSwitch from "@/components/switches/FancyToggleSwitch";
+import { SectionGroup } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx";
+import { useSettings } from "@/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx";
+
+export function SettingsNetwork() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { config, setField } = useSettings();
+    const { mdm } = useRestrictions();
+
+    return (
+        <>
+            <SectionGroup title={t("settings.network.section.connectivity")}>
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={config.networkMonitor}
+                    onChange={(v) => setField("networkMonitor", v)}
+                    label={t("settings.network.monitor.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.network.monitor.help")}
+                />
+            </SectionGroup>
+
+            <SectionGroup title={t("settings.network.section.routingDns")}>
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={!config.disableDns}
+                    onChange={(v) => setField("disableDns", !v)}
+                    label={t("settings.network.dns.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.network.dns.help")}
+                />
+                {!mdm.disableClientRoutes && (
+                    <FancyToggleSwitch
+                        value={!config.disableClientRoutes}
+                        onChange={(v) => setField("disableClientRoutes", !v)}
+                        label={t("settings.network.clientRoutes.label")}
+                        helpText={t("settings.network.clientRoutes.help")}
+                    />
+                )}
+                {!mdm.disableServerRoutes && (
+                    <FancyToggleSwitch
+                        value={!config.disableServerRoutes}
+                        onChange={(v) => setField("disableServerRoutes", !v)}
+                        label={t("settings.network.serverRoutes.label")}
+                        helpText={t("settings.network.serverRoutes.help")}
+                    />
+                )}
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={!config.disableIpv6}
+                    onChange={(v) => setField("disableIpv6", !v)}
+                    label={t("settings.network.ipv6.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.network.ipv6.help")}
+                />
+            </SectionGroup>
+        </>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsPage.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsPage.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf0db3bec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsPage.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useLocation } from "react-router-dom";
+import { Events } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import * as ScrollArea from "@radix-ui/react-scroll-area";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { isMacOS } from "@/lib/platform";
+import { AppRightPanel } from "@/layouts/AppRightPanel.tsx";
+import { VerticalTabs } from "@/components/VerticalTabs.tsx";
+import { SettingsNavigation } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsNavigation.tsx";
+import { AutostartSettingsProvider, SettingsProvider } from "@/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx";
+import { SettingsGeneral } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsGeneral.tsx";
+import { SettingsNetwork } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsNetwork.tsx";
+import { SettingsSecurity } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSecurity.tsx";
+import { ProfilesTab } from "@/modules/profiles/ProfilesTab.tsx";
+import { SettingsSSH } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSSH.tsx";
+import { SettingsAdvanced } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsAdvanced.tsx";
+import { SettingsTroubleshooting } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsTroubleshooting.tsx";
+import { SettingsAbout } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsAbout.tsx";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx";
+
+const EVENT_SETTINGS_OPEN = "netbird:settings:open";
+
+const enum Tab {
+    General = "general",
+    Network = "network",
+    Security = "security",
+    Profiles = "profiles",
+    SSH = "ssh",
+    Advanced = "advanced",
+    Troubleshooting = "troubleshooting",
+    About = "about",
+}
+
+const TAB_CONTENT: Record<Tab, ReactNode> = {
+    [Tab.General]: <SettingsGeneral />,
+    [Tab.Network]: <SettingsNetwork />,
+    [Tab.Security]: <SettingsSecurity />,
+    [Tab.Profiles]: <ProfilesTab />,
+    [Tab.SSH]: <SettingsSSH />,
+    [Tab.Advanced]: <SettingsAdvanced />,
+    [Tab.Troubleshooting]: <SettingsTroubleshooting />,
+    [Tab.About]: <SettingsAbout />,
+};
+
+export const SettingsPage = () => {
+    const location = useLocation();
+    const navState = location.state as { tab?: string } | null;
+    const { mdm, features } = useRestrictions();
+
+    const visibleTabs = useMemo<Tab[]>(() => {
+        const editable = !features.disableUpdateSettings;
+        const visibility: Record<Tab, boolean> = {
+            [Tab.General]: true,
+            [Tab.Network]: editable,
+            [Tab.Security]: editable,
+            [Tab.Profiles]: !features.disableProfiles,
+            [Tab.SSH]: mdm.allowServerSSH ?? editable,
+            [Tab.Advanced]: editable,
+            [Tab.Troubleshooting]: true,
+            [Tab.About]: true,
+        };
+        return (Object.keys(visibility) as Tab[]).filter((t) => visibility[t]);
+    }, [features.disableUpdateSettings, features.disableProfiles, mdm.allowServerSSH]);
+
+    const defaultTab = visibleTabs[0];
+    const [active, setActive] = useState<string>(() => navState?.tab ?? defaultTab);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (navState?.tab) setActive(navState.tab);
+    }, [navState?.tab, location.key]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        return Events.On(EVENT_SETTINGS_OPEN, (e: { data: string }) => {
+            setActive(e.data || defaultTab);
+        });
+    }, [defaultTab]);
+
+    // Reset active tab if it got disabled by any feature flag or mdm restrictions
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!visibleTabs.includes(active as Tab)) setActive(defaultTab);
+    }, [visibleTabs, active, defaultTab]);
+
+    return (
+        <>
+            {isMacOS() ? (
+                <div className={"wails-draggable h-12 shrink-0 cursor-default select-none"} />
+            ) : (
+                <div className={"h-px shrink-0 bg-nb-gray-920/0"} />
+            )}
+            <main className={"flex min-h-0 flex-1"}>
+                <VerticalTabs value={active} onValueChange={setActive}>
+                    <SettingsNavigation />
+                    <AppRightPanel>
+                        <AutostartSettingsProvider>
+                            <SettingsProvider>
+                                <ScrollArea.Root
+                                    key={active}
+                                    type={"auto"}
+                                    className={"min-h-0 flex-1 overflow-hidden"}
+                                >
+                                    <ScrollArea.Viewport className={"h-full w-full"}>
+                                        <div className={"px-7 py-6"}>
+                                            {visibleTabs.map((tab) => (
+                                                <VerticalTabs.Content key={tab} value={tab}>
+                                                    {TAB_CONTENT[tab]}
+                                                </VerticalTabs.Content>
+                                            ))}
+                                        </div>
+                                    </ScrollArea.Viewport>
+                                    <ScrollArea.Scrollbar
+                                        orientation={"vertical"}
+                                        className={cn(
+                                            "flex touch-none select-none transition-colors",
+                                            "w-1.5 bg-transparent py-1",
+                                        )}
+                                    >
+                                        <ScrollArea.Thumb
+                                            className={
+                                                "relative flex-1 rounded-full bg-nb-gray-800 hover:bg-nb-gray-700"
+                                            }
+                                        />
+                                    </ScrollArea.Scrollbar>
+                                </ScrollArea.Root>
+                            </SettingsProvider>
+                        </AutostartSettingsProvider>
+                    </AppRightPanel>
+                </VerticalTabs>
+            </main>
+        </>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSSH.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSSH.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d74afae73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSSH.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+import { type TFunction } from "i18next";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { CopyToClipboard } from "@/components/CopyToClipboard";
+import FancyToggleSwitch from "@/components/switches/FancyToggleSwitch";
+import { HelpText } from "@/components/typography/HelpText";
+import { Input } from "@/components/inputs/Input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/typography/Label";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { SectionGroup } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx";
+import { type GuardedField, useSettings } from "@/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx";
+import { usePrivilege } from "@/hooks/usePrivilege.ts";
+import type { Privilege } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { type ChangeEvent, type ReactNode, useEffect, useId, useState } from "react";
+
+export function SettingsSSH() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { config, setField, saveGuardedField } = useSettings();
+    const privilege = usePrivilege();
+    // The field whose elevation prompt is currently up, if any. The prompt is
+    // modal to the operating system, not to us, so the guarded controls are held
+    // still meanwhile rather than allowed to stack a second one behind it.
+    const [authorizing, setAuthorizing] = useState<GuardedField | null>(null);
+    const isSSHServerEnabled = config.serverSshAllowed;
+
+    const authorize = async (field: GuardedField, value: boolean) => {
+        setAuthorizing(field);
+        try {
+            await saveGuardedField(field, value);
+        } finally {
+            setAuthorizing(null);
+        }
+    };
+
+    // The daemon restricts only the direction that hands out shells from a process
+    // running as root: for all three settings that is switching the field on.
+    //
+    // An unprivileged user gets that direction routed through the platform's
+    // elevation prompt where there is one to raise, and otherwise the old
+    // arrangement, where the control is either unavailable (it is off and only a
+    // privileged caller could turn it on) or a one-way switch (it is on, they may
+    // turn it off but not back on) with the command that does it.
+    //
+    // A null privilege means we could not determine it: leave the control alone
+    // rather than greying it out with nothing to explain why. The daemon enforces
+    // this regardless, and a rejected save reports its own guidance.
+    const guarded = (
+        field: GuardedField,
+        command: (p: Privilege) => string,
+        // inverted marks a control whose guarded direction is switching it off, so
+        // the one-way warning has to read the other way round.
+        inverted = false,
+    ) => {
+        const plain = (value: boolean) => setField(field, value);
+        if (!privilege || privilege.privileged) {
+            return { apply: plain, disabled: false, hint: undefined };
+        }
+
+        const guardedDirectionActive = config[field];
+        const hint = (pending: boolean, command?: string) => (
+            <GuardedHint
+                actor={actorLabel(privilege, t)}
+                oneWay={guardedDirectionActive}
+                inverted={inverted}
+                pending={pending}
+                command={command}
+            />
+        );
+
+        if (privilege.canElevate) {
+            return {
+                // Switching off is ours to do; only switching on is authorized.
+                apply: (value: boolean) => {
+                    if (!value) {
+                        plain(value);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    void authorize(field, value);
+                },
+                disabled: authorizing !== null,
+                hint: hint(authorizing === field),
+            };
+        }
+        return {
+            apply: plain,
+            disabled: !guardedDirectionActive,
+            hint: hint(false, command(privilege)),
+        };
+    };
+
+    const sshServer = guarded("serverSshAllowed", (p) => p.allowSshServer);
+    const sshRoot = guarded("enableSshRoot", (p) => p.enableSshRoot);
+    // Inverted control: the guarded direction is switching authentication off, so
+    // it is the already-disabled state that is the one-way one.
+    const sshAuth = guarded("disableSshAuth", (p) => p.disableSshAuth, true);
+    const jwtTtlId = useId();
+    const [jwtTtlInput, setJwtTtlInput] = useState(String(config.sshJwtCacheTtl));
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        setJwtTtlInput(String(config.sshJwtCacheTtl));
+    }, [config.sshJwtCacheTtl]);
+
+    const handleJwtTtlChange = (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
+        const v = e.target.value;
+        setJwtTtlInput(v);
+        if (v === "") return;
+        const n = Number(v);
+        if (Number.isFinite(n) && n >= 0) {
+            setField("sshJwtCacheTtl", n);
+        }
+    };
+
+    const handleJwtTtlBlur = () => {
+        if (jwtTtlInput === "") {
+            setJwtTtlInput("0");
+            setField("sshJwtCacheTtl", 0);
+            return;
+        }
+        const n = Number(jwtTtlInput);
+        if (!Number.isFinite(n) || n < 0) {
+            setJwtTtlInput(String(config.sshJwtCacheTtl));
+        }
+    };
+    return (
+        <>
+            <SectionGroup title={t("settings.ssh.section.server")}>
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={config.serverSshAllowed}
+                    onChange={sshServer.apply}
+                    disabled={sshServer.disabled}
+                    label={t("settings.ssh.server.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.ssh.server.help")}
+                />
+                {sshServer.hint}
+            </SectionGroup>
+
+            <SectionGroup
+                title={t("settings.ssh.section.capabilities")}
+                disabled={!isSSHServerEnabled}
+            >
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={config.enableSshRoot}
+                    onChange={sshRoot.apply}
+                    disabled={sshRoot.disabled}
+                    label={t("settings.ssh.root.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.ssh.root.help")}
+                />
+                {sshRoot.hint}
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={config.enableSshSftp}
+                    onChange={(v) => setField("enableSshSftp", v)}
+                    label={t("settings.ssh.sftp.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.ssh.sftp.help")}
+                />
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={config.enableSshLocalPortForwarding}
+                    onChange={(v) => setField("enableSshLocalPortForwarding", v)}
+                    label={t("settings.ssh.localForward.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.ssh.localForward.help")}
+                />
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={config.enableSshRemotePortForwarding}
+                    onChange={(v) => setField("enableSshRemotePortForwarding", v)}
+                    label={t("settings.ssh.remoteForward.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.ssh.remoteForward.help")}
+                />
+            </SectionGroup>
+
+            <SectionGroup
+                title={t("settings.ssh.section.authentication")}
+                disabled={!isSSHServerEnabled}
+            >
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={!config.disableSshAuth}
+                    onChange={(v) => sshAuth.apply(!v)}
+                    disabled={sshAuth.disabled}
+                    label={t("settings.ssh.jwt.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.ssh.jwt.help")}
+                />
+                {sshAuth.hint}
+                <div
+                    className={cn(
+                        "flex items-center justify-between gap-6",
+                        config.disableSshAuth && "pointer-events-none opacity-50",
+                    )}
+                >
+                    <div className={"max-w-md flex-1"}>
+                        <Label htmlFor={jwtTtlId}>{t("settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label")}</Label>
+                        <HelpText margin={false}>{t("settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help")}</HelpText>
+                    </div>
+                    <div className={"w-40 shrink-0"}>
+                        <Input
+                            id={jwtTtlId}
+                            type={"number"}
+                            min={0}
+                            value={jwtTtlInput}
+                            onChange={handleJwtTtlChange}
+                            onBlur={handleJwtTtlBlur}
+                            customSuffix={t("settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix")}
+                        />
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </SectionGroup>
+        </>
+    );
+}
+
+// actorLabel names the principal the daemon requires, in the user's language. The
+// Go side reports which one it is rather than wording it, because "administrator
+// privileges" is English and a translated sentence cannot borrow it.
+function actorLabel(privilege: Privilege, t: TFunction): string {
+    return privilege.actorKey === "administrator"
+        ? t("settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator")
+        : t("settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot");
+}
+
+// GuardedHint is what a control the daemon guards says to an unprivileged user.
+// There are three things worth saying, and it says at most one:
+//
+//   - A prompt is open. Worth a line because it can take a few seconds to appear,
+//     long enough that a control which merely went inert would read as a hang.
+//   - The setting is in its guarded state already (oneWay), so the user may switch
+//     it back as they please and it is switching it away again that will ask. No
+//     command either way: the direction they can take is theirs to take.
+//   - Only a privileged caller can move it at all, and there is no prompt to
+//     raise: the command that does it belongs here, and nothing else will do.
+//
+// Which leaves the case of a control whose guarded direction is still ahead of the
+// user and a prompt that can be raised for it: nothing to say, because clicking it
+// raises the prompt and the prompt explains itself.
+function GuardedHint({
+    actor,
+    oneWay,
+    inverted,
+    pending,
+    command,
+}: {
+    actor: string;
+    oneWay: boolean;
+    inverted: boolean;
+    pending: boolean;
+    command?: string;
+}): ReactNode {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+
+    if (pending) {
+        return <HintBox>{t("settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending")}</HintBox>;
+    }
+    if (oneWay) {
+        return (
+            <HintBox>
+                <span>
+                    {inverted
+                        ? t("settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted", { actor })
+                        : t("settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay", { actor })}
+                </span>
+            </HintBox>
+        );
+    }
+    if (!command) return null;
+    return (
+        <HintBox>
+            <span>{t("settings.ssh.privilege.hint", { actor })}</span>
+            <CopyToClipboard message={command} alwaysShowIcon wrap variant={"bright"}>
+                <code className={"select-text break-all font-mono text-xs text-nb-gray-200"}>
+                    {command}
+                </code>
+            </CopyToClipboard>
+        </HintBox>
+    );
+}
+
+// HintBox is the box a guarded control puts its explanation in, directly under the
+// control it belongs to.
+function HintBox({ children }: { children: ReactNode }): ReactNode {
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={
+                "-mt-2 flex flex-col gap-1 rounded-md bg-nb-gray-930 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-nb-gray-300"
+            }
+        >
+            {children}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adba65cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import type { ReactNode } from "react";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+
+export const SectionGroup = ({
+    title,
+    children,
+    disabled = false,
+}: {
+    title: string;
+    children: ReactNode;
+    disabled?: boolean;
+}) => (
+    <section
+        aria-label={title}
+        tabIndex={disabled ? -1 : 0}
+        {...(disabled ? { inert: "" } : {})}
+        className={cn(
+            "mb-8 rounded-md px-1 outline-none last:mb-1",
+            "focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white/60 focus-visible:ring-offset-2 focus-visible:ring-offset-nb-gray-940",
+            disabled && "pointer-events-none opacity-30",
+        )}
+    >
+        <h2 className={"mb-4 text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider text-nb-gray-400"}>
+            {title}
+        </h2>
+        <div className={"flex flex-col gap-5"}>{children}</div>
+    </section>
+);
+
+export const SettingsBottomBar = ({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) => (
+    <>
+        <div className={"h-[3.2rem] shrink-0"} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+        <div className={"absolute bottom-0 left-0 w-full"}>
+            <div
+                className={
+                    "flex w-full justify-end gap-3 border-t border-nb-gray-920 bg-nb-gray-940 px-8 py-5"
+                }
+            >
+                {children}
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </>
+);
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSecurity.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSecurity.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db1ad9c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSecurity.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import FancyToggleSwitch from "@/components/switches/FancyToggleSwitch";
+import { SectionGroup } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx";
+import { useSettings } from "@/contexts/SettingsContext.tsx";
+import { useRestrictions } from "@/contexts/RestrictionsContext.tsx";
+
+export function SettingsSecurity() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const { config, setField } = useSettings();
+    const { mdm } = useRestrictions();
+    const hideRosenpassEnabled = mdm.rosenpassEnabled;
+    const hideRosenpassPermissive =
+        mdm.rosenpassPermissive || (mdm.rosenpassEnabled && !config.rosenpassEnabled);
+    const showEncryptionSection = !(hideRosenpassEnabled && hideRosenpassPermissive);
+
+    return (
+        <>
+            <SectionGroup title={t("settings.security.section.firewall")}>
+                {!mdm.blockInbound && (
+                    <FancyToggleSwitch
+                        value={config.blockInbound}
+                        onChange={(v) => setField("blockInbound", v)}
+                        label={t("settings.security.blockInbound.label")}
+                        helpText={t("settings.security.blockInbound.help")}
+                    />
+                )}
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={config.blockLanAccess}
+                    onChange={(v) => setField("blockLanAccess", v)}
+                    label={t("settings.security.blockLan.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.security.blockLan.help")}
+                />
+            </SectionGroup>
+
+            {showEncryptionSection && (
+                <SectionGroup title={t("settings.security.section.encryption")}>
+                    {!hideRosenpassEnabled && (
+                        <FancyToggleSwitch
+                            value={config.rosenpassEnabled}
+                            onChange={(v) => {
+                                setField("rosenpassEnabled", v);
+                                if (!v) setField("rosenpassPermissive", false);
+                            }}
+                            label={t("settings.security.rosenpass.label")}
+                            helpText={t("settings.security.rosenpass.help")}
+                        />
+                    )}
+                    {!hideRosenpassPermissive && (
+                        <FancyToggleSwitch
+                            value={config.rosenpassPermissive}
+                            onChange={(v) => setField("rosenpassPermissive", v)}
+                            label={t("settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label")}
+                            helpText={t("settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help")}
+                            disabled={!config.rosenpassEnabled}
+                        />
+                    )}
+                </SectionGroup>
+            )}
+        </>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSkeleton.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSkeleton.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afce192e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsSkeleton.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import Skeleton from "react-loading-skeleton";
+
+export const SettingsSkeleton = () => {
+    return (
+        <div className={"flex flex-col gap-6"}>
+            <div>
+                <Skeleton width={100} height={16} className={"mb-4"} />
+                <div>
+                    <Skeleton width={100} height={14} />
+                    <Skeleton width={400} height={10} />
+                </div>
+                <div className={"mt-3"}>
+                    <Skeleton width={100} height={14} />
+                    <Skeleton width={400} height={10} />
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <div>
+                <Skeleton width={100} height={16} className={"mb-4"} />
+                <div>
+                    <Skeleton width={100} height={14} />
+                    <Skeleton width={400} height={10} />
+                    <Skeleton width={300} height={10} />
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    );
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsTroubleshooting.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsTroubleshooting.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b1774ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/settings/SettingsTroubleshooting.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+import { useId, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { Trans, useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { ChevronDown, CircleCheckBig, FolderOpen, Info, Loader2 } from "lucide-react";
+import { Browser } from "@wailsio/runtime";
+import { Debug as DebugSvc } from "@bindings/services";
+import type { DebugBundleResult } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { DialogActions } from "@/components/dialog/DialogActions";
+import { DialogDescription } from "@/components/dialog/DialogDescription";
+import { DialogHeading } from "@/components/dialog/DialogHeading";
+import {
+    DropdownMenu,
+    DropdownMenuContent,
+    DropdownMenuRadioGroup,
+    DropdownMenuRadioItem,
+    DropdownMenuTrigger,
+} from "@/components/DropdownMenu";
+import FancyToggleSwitch from "@/components/switches/FancyToggleSwitch";
+import HelpText from "@/components/typography/HelpText.tsx";
+import { Input } from "@/components/inputs/Input";
+import { Label } from "@/components/typography/Label";
+import { SquareIcon } from "@/components/SquareIcon";
+import { Tooltip } from "@/components/Tooltip";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn";
+import { formatRemaining } from "@/lib/formatters";
+import type { AnonymizeLevel, DebugStage } from "@/contexts/DebugBundleContext";
+import { useDebugBundleContext } from "@/contexts/DebugBundleContext";
+import { SectionGroup, SettingsBottomBar } from "@/modules/settings/SettingsSection.tsx";
+
+const SUPPORT_DOCS_URL = "https://docs.netbird.io/help/report-bug-issues";
+
+export function SettingsTroubleshooting() {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const durationId = useId();
+    const {
+        anonymizeLevel,
+        setAnonymizeLevel,
+        systemInfo,
+        setSystemInfo,
+        upload,
+        setUpload,
+        trace,
+        setTrace,
+        capture,
+        setCapture,
+        traceMinutes,
+        setTraceMinutes,
+        capturePackets,
+        setCapturePackets,
+        run,
+        stage,
+        cancel,
+        reset,
+    } = useDebugBundleContext();
+
+    if (stage.kind === "done") {
+        return (
+            <DoneResult result={stage.result} uploaded={stage.uploadAttempted} onClose={reset} />
+        );
+    }
+    if (stage.kind !== "idle") {
+        return <ProgressSection stage={stage} onCancel={cancel} />;
+    }
+
+    return (
+        <SectionGroup title={t("settings.troubleshooting.section.title")}>
+            <div className={"flex items-center justify-between gap-6"}>
+                <div className={"max-w-md flex-1"}>
+                    <Label as={"div"}>
+                        <span className={"inline-flex items-center gap-1.5"}>
+                            {t("settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label")}
+                            <Tooltip
+                                content={
+                                    <div className={"max-w-xs whitespace-normal leading-relaxed"}>
+                                        {t("settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info")}
+                                    </div>
+                                }
+                            >
+                                <Info
+                                    size={14}
+                                    aria-label={t("settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label")}
+                                    className={"shrink-0 cursor-default text-nb-gray-400"}
+                                />
+                            </Tooltip>
+                        </span>
+                    </Label>
+                    <HelpText margin={false}>
+                        {t("settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help")}
+                    </HelpText>
+                </div>
+                <div className={"shrink-0"}>
+                    <DropdownMenu>
+                        <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
+                            <button
+                                type={"button"}
+                                aria-label={t("settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label")}
+                                className={cn(
+                                    "inline-flex h-[40px] min-w-[160px] items-center justify-between gap-2 px-3",
+                                    "rounded-md border bg-white dark:bg-nb-gray-900",
+                                    "border-neutral-200 dark:border-nb-gray-700",
+                                    "cursor-default text-xs font-semibold text-nb-gray-100 outline-none",
+                                    "hover:border-nb-gray-600 data-[state=open]:border-nb-gray-600",
+                                )}
+                            >
+                                {t(`settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.${anonymizeLevel}`)}
+                                <ChevronDown
+                                    size={16}
+                                    aria-hidden={"true"}
+                                    className={"shrink-0 text-nb-gray-200"}
+                                />
+                            </button>
+                        </DropdownMenuTrigger>
+                        <DropdownMenuContent align={"end"} className={"min-w-[160px]"}>
+                            <DropdownMenuRadioGroup
+                                value={anonymizeLevel}
+                                onValueChange={(v) => setAnonymizeLevel(v as AnonymizeLevel)}
+                            >
+                                <DropdownMenuRadioItem value={"none"}>
+                                    {t("settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none")}
+                                </DropdownMenuRadioItem>
+                                <DropdownMenuRadioItem value={"default"}>
+                                    {t("settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default")}
+                                </DropdownMenuRadioItem>
+                                <DropdownMenuRadioItem value={"strict"}>
+                                    {t("settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict")}
+                                </DropdownMenuRadioItem>
+                            </DropdownMenuRadioGroup>
+                        </DropdownMenuContent>
+                    </DropdownMenu>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <FancyToggleSwitch
+                value={systemInfo}
+                onChange={setSystemInfo}
+                label={t("settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label")}
+                helpText={t("settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help")}
+            />
+            <FancyToggleSwitch
+                value={upload}
+                onChange={setUpload}
+                label={t("settings.troubleshooting.upload.label")}
+                helpText={t("settings.troubleshooting.upload.help")}
+            />
+            <FancyToggleSwitch
+                value={trace}
+                onChange={setTrace}
+                label={t("settings.troubleshooting.trace.label")}
+                helpText={t("settings.troubleshooting.trace.help")}
+            />
+            <FancyToggleSwitch
+                value={capture}
+                onChange={setCapture}
+                label={t("settings.troubleshooting.capture.label")}
+                helpText={t("settings.troubleshooting.capture.help")}
+            />
+            <div className={"flex flex-col gap-4"}>
+                <FancyToggleSwitch
+                    value={capturePackets}
+                    onChange={setCapturePackets}
+                    label={t("settings.troubleshooting.packets.label")}
+                    helpText={t("settings.troubleshooting.packets.help")}
+                    disabled={!capture}
+                />
+                <div
+                    className={"flex items-center justify-between gap-6"}
+                    {...(capture ? {} : { inert: "" })}
+                >
+                    <div className={"max-w-md flex-1"}>
+                        <Label htmlFor={durationId} disabled={!capture}>
+                            {t("settings.troubleshooting.duration.label")}
+                        </Label>
+                        <HelpText margin={false} disabled={!capture}>
+                            {t("settings.troubleshooting.duration.help")}
+                        </HelpText>
+                    </div>
+                    <div className={"w-40 shrink-0"}>
+                        <Input
+                            id={durationId}
+                            type={"number"}
+                            min={1}
+                            max={30}
+                            value={traceMinutes}
+                            onChange={(e) =>
+                                setTraceMinutes(
+                                    Math.max(1, Math.min(30, Number(e.target.value) || 1)),
+                                )
+                            }
+                            customSuffix={t("settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix")}
+                            disabled={!capture}
+                        />
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <SettingsBottomBar>
+                <Button variant={"primary"} size={"md"} onClick={run}>
+                    {t("settings.troubleshooting.create")}
+                </Button>
+            </SettingsBottomBar>
+        </SectionGroup>
+    );
+}
+
+function CenteredPanel({ children }: Readonly<{ children: ReactNode }>) {
+    return (
+        <div
+            className={
+                "absolute inset-0 flex flex-col items-center justify-center gap-5 p-8 text-center"
+            }
+        >
+            {children}
+        </div>
+    );
+}
+
+function ProgressSection({
+    stage,
+    onCancel,
+}: Readonly<{ stage: DebugStage; onCancel: () => void }>) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const cancelling = stage.kind === "cancelling";
+    return (
+        <CenteredPanel>
+            <SquareIcon icon={Loader2} className={"[&_svg]:animate-spin"} />
+
+            <div className={"flex max-w-sm flex-col items-center gap-2"}>
+                <DialogHeading className={"text-balance"}>{stageLabel(stage, t)}</DialogHeading>
+                <DialogDescription>
+                    {t("settings.troubleshooting.progress.description")}
+                </DialogDescription>
+            </div>
+
+            {stage.kind === "capturing" && (
+                <div
+                    className={
+                        "font-mono text-2xl font-semibold tabular-nums tracking-wider text-nb-gray-50"
+                    }
+                    aria-live={"polite"}
+                >
+                    {formatRemaining(stage.remainingSec)}
+                </div>
+            )}
+
+            <DialogActions className={"max-w-[220px]"}>
+                <Button
+                    autoFocus
+                    variant={"secondary"}
+                    size={"md"}
+                    className={"w-full"}
+                    onClick={onCancel}
+                    disabled={cancelling}
+                >
+                    {t("common.cancel")}
+                </Button>
+            </DialogActions>
+        </CenteredPanel>
+    );
+}
+
+function DoneResult({
+    result,
+    uploaded,
+    onClose,
+}: Readonly<{
+    result: DebugBundleResult;
+    uploaded: boolean;
+    onClose: () => void;
+}>) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const showKey = uploaded && Boolean(result.uploadedKey);
+    const uploadFailed = uploaded && !result.uploadedKey;
+    const onRevealPath = () => {
+        if (!result.path) return;
+        DebugSvc.RevealFile(result.path).catch((err: unknown) =>
+            console.error("reveal debug bundle file", err),
+        );
+    };
+    return (
+        <CenteredPanel>
+            <SquareIcon icon={CircleCheckBig} className={"[&_svg]:text-green-500"} />
+
+            <div className={"flex max-w-sm flex-col items-center gap-2"}>
+                <DialogHeading className={"text-balance"}>
+                    {showKey
+                        ? t("settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle")
+                        : t("settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle")}
+                </DialogHeading>
+                <DialogDescription>
+                    {showKey ? (
+                        <Trans
+                            i18nKey={"settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription"}
+                            components={{
+                                docs: (
+                                    <a
+                                        href={SUPPORT_DOCS_URL}
+                                        aria-label={t("settings.about.community.documentation")}
+                                        onClick={(e) => {
+                                            e.preventDefault();
+                                            Browser.OpenURL(SUPPORT_DOCS_URL).catch(() =>
+                                                globalThis.open(SUPPORT_DOCS_URL, "_blank"),
+                                            );
+                                        }}
+                                        className={"text-netbird hover:underline"}
+                                    >
+                                        {/* content is provided by <Trans> */}
+                                        <span />
+                                    </a>
+                                ),
+                            }}
+                        />
+                    ) : (
+                        t("settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription")
+                    )}
+                </DialogDescription>
+            </div>
+
+            <div className={"flex w-full max-w-sm flex-col gap-3"}>
+                {showKey && <Input value={result.uploadedKey} readOnly copy />}
+
+                {result.path && !showKey && (
+                    <Input
+                        value={result.path}
+                        readOnly
+                        aria-label={t("settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle")}
+                        customSuffix={
+                            <button
+                                type={"button"}
+                                onClick={onRevealPath}
+                                className={"pointer-events-auto transition-all hover:text-white"}
+                                aria-label={t("settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation")}
+                            >
+                                <FolderOpen size={16} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                            </button>
+                        }
+                    />
+                )}
+
+                {uploadFailed && (
+                    <div
+                        role={"alert"}
+                        className={
+                            "rounded-md border border-red-500/30 bg-red-500/10 px-3 py-2 text-xs text-red-300"
+                        }
+                    >
+                        {result.uploadFailureReason
+                            ? t("settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason", {
+                                  reason: result.uploadFailureReason,
+                              })
+                            : t("settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed")}
+                    </div>
+                )}
+            </div>
+
+            <DialogActions className={"max-w-[220px]"}>
+                {showKey ? (
+                    <Button
+                        autoFocus
+                        variant={"primary"}
+                        size={"md"}
+                        className={"w-full"}
+                        copy={result.uploadedKey}
+                    >
+                        {t("settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey")}
+                    </Button>
+                ) : (
+                    result.path && (
+                        <Button
+                            autoFocus
+                            variant={"primary"}
+                            size={"md"}
+                            className={"w-full"}
+                            onClick={onRevealPath}
+                        >
+                            <FolderOpen size={14} aria-hidden={"true"} />
+                            {t("settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder")}
+                        </Button>
+                    )
+                )}
+                <Button variant={"secondary"} size={"md"} className={"w-full"} onClick={onClose}>
+                    {t("common.close")}
+                </Button>
+            </DialogActions>
+        </CenteredPanel>
+    );
+}
+
+const stageLabel = (
+    stage: DebugStage,
+    t: (key: string, options?: Record<string, unknown>) => string,
+): string => {
+    switch (stage.kind) {
+        case "reconnecting":
+            return t("settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting");
+        case "capturing":
+            return t("settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing");
+        case "bundling":
+            return t("settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling");
+        case "uploading":
+            return t("settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading");
+        case "cancelling":
+            return t("settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling");
+        default:
+            return "";
+    }
+};
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/welcome/WelcomeDialog.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/welcome/WelcomeDialog.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7be59f102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/welcome/WelcomeDialog.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from "react";
+import {
+    Preferences,
+    Profiles as ProfilesSvc,
+    Settings as SettingsSvc,
+    WindowManager,
+} from "@bindings/services";
+import { Restrictions, SetConfigParams } from "@bindings/services/models.js";
+import { ConfirmDialog } from "@/components/dialog/ConfirmDialog";
+import { useAutoSizeWindow } from "@/hooks/useAutoSizeWindow";
+import { errorDialog, formatErrorMessage } from "@/lib/errors";
+import i18next from "@/lib/i18n";
+import { isNetbirdCloud } from "@/hooks/useManagementUrl";
+import { WelcomeStepTray } from "./WelcomeStepTray";
+import { WelcomeStepManagement } from "./WelcomeStepManagement";
+
+const WINDOW_WIDTH = 360;
+
+type WelcomeStep = "tray" | "management";
+
+function shouldShowManagementStep(
+    activeProfileId: string,
+    email: string,
+    managementUrl: string,
+    managedManagementUrl: string,
+): boolean {
+    if (managedManagementUrl) return false;
+    // The default profile's ID equals the literal "default", so this check
+    // holds whether we pass an ID or the legacy name.
+    if (activeProfileId !== "default") return false;
+    if (email.trim() !== "") return false;
+    return isNetbirdCloud(managementUrl);
+}
+
+type InitialState = {
+    profileName: string;
+    username: string;
+    managementUrl: string;
+    needsManagementStep: boolean;
+};
+
+export default function WelcomeDialog() {
+    const [step, setStep] = useState<WelcomeStep>("tray");
+    const [initial, setInitial] = useState<InitialState | null>(null);
+    const [closing, setClosing] = useState(false);
+    const contentRef = useAutoSizeWindow<HTMLDivElement>(WINDOW_WIDTH, initial !== null);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        let cancelled = false;
+        (async () => {
+            try {
+                const [username, active] = await Promise.all([
+                    ProfilesSvc.Username(),
+                    ProfilesSvc.GetActive(),
+                ]);
+                const profileId = active.id || "default";
+                const [config, list, restrictions] = await Promise.all([
+                    SettingsSvc.GetConfig({ profileName: profileId, username }),
+                    ProfilesSvc.List(username),
+                    SettingsSvc.GetRestrictions().catch(() => new Restrictions()),
+                ]);
+                const profile = list.find((p) => p.id === profileId);
+                const email = profile?.email ?? "";
+                if (cancelled) return;
+                setInitial({
+                    profileName: profileId,
+                    username,
+                    managementUrl: config.managementUrl,
+                    needsManagementStep: shouldShowManagementStep(
+                        profileId,
+                        email,
+                        config.managementUrl,
+                        restrictions.mdm.managementURL,
+                    ),
+                });
+            } catch (e) {
+                console.error("welcome: initial probe failed", e);
+                if (cancelled) return;
+                setInitial({
+                    profileName: "default",
+                    username: "",
+                    managementUrl: "",
+                    needsManagementStep: false,
+                });
+            }
+        })();
+        return () => {
+            cancelled = true;
+        };
+    }, []);
+
+    const finish = useCallback(async () => {
+        if (closing) return;
+        setClosing(true);
+        try {
+            await Preferences.SetOnboardingCompleted(true);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.error("persist onboarding flag:", e);
+        }
+        try {
+            await WindowManager.OpenMain();
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.error("open main window:", e);
+        }
+        try {
+            await WindowManager.CloseWelcome();
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.error("close welcome window:", e);
+        }
+    }, [closing]);
+
+    const handleTrayContinue = useCallback(async () => {
+        if (initial?.needsManagementStep) {
+            setStep("management");
+        } else {
+            await finish();
+        }
+    }, [initial, finish]);
+
+    const handleManagementContinue = useCallback(
+        async (url: string) => {
+            if (!initial) return;
+            try {
+                // SetConfig is a partial update — undefined fields are preserved Go-side.
+                await SettingsSvc.SetConfig(
+                    new SetConfigParams({
+                        profileName: initial.profileName,
+                        username: initial.username,
+                        managementUrl: url,
+                    }),
+                );
+            } catch (e) {
+                await errorDialog({
+                    Title: i18next.t("settings.error.saveTitle"),
+                    Message: formatErrorMessage(e),
+                });
+                throw e;
+            }
+            setInitial((s) => (s ? { ...s, managementUrl: url } : s));
+            await finish();
+        },
+        [initial, finish],
+    );
+
+    const content = useMemo(() => {
+        if (!initial) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        switch (step) {
+            case "tray":
+                return <WelcomeStepTray onContinue={handleTrayContinue} />;
+            case "management":
+                return (
+                    <WelcomeStepManagement
+                        initialUrl={initial.managementUrl}
+                        onContinue={handleManagementContinue}
+                    />
+                );
+        }
+    }, [initial, step, handleTrayContinue, handleManagementContinue]);
+
+    return (
+        <ConfirmDialog
+            ref={contentRef}
+            aria-labelledby={step === "tray" ? "nb-welcome-title" : "nb-welcome-management-title"}
+        >
+            {content}
+        </ConfirmDialog>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/welcome/WelcomeStepManagement.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/welcome/WelcomeStepManagement.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cb04d484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/welcome/WelcomeStepManagement.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+import { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { DialogActions } from "@/components/dialog/DialogActions";
+import { DialogDescription } from "@/components/dialog/DialogDescription";
+import { DialogHeading } from "@/components/dialog/DialogHeading";
+import { Input } from "@/components/inputs/Input";
+import { ManagementServerSwitch } from "@/components/ManagementServerSwitch";
+import {
+    CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL,
+    ManagementMode,
+    checkManagementUrlReachable,
+    isNetbirdCloud,
+    isValidManagementUrl,
+    normalizeManagementUrl,
+} from "@/hooks/useManagementUrl";
+import { cn } from "@/lib/cn.ts";
+import { isMacOS } from "@/lib/platform.ts";
+
+type WelcomeStepManagementProps = {
+    initialUrl: string;
+    onContinue: (url: string) => Promise<void>;
+};
+
+export function WelcomeStepManagement({
+    initialUrl,
+    onContinue,
+}: Readonly<WelcomeStepManagementProps>) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const startsCloud = isNetbirdCloud(initialUrl);
+    const [mode, setMode] = useState<ManagementMode>(
+        startsCloud ? ManagementMode.Cloud : ManagementMode.SelfHosted,
+    );
+    const [url, setUrl] = useState(startsCloud ? "" : initialUrl);
+    const [syntaxError, setSyntaxError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+    const [unreachable, setUnreachable] = useState(false);
+    const [checking, setChecking] = useState(false);
+
+    const trimmedUrl = url.trim();
+    const syntaxValid = mode === ManagementMode.Cloud || isValidManagementUrl(trimmedUrl);
+    const inputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement | null>(null);
+    const initialMountRef = useRef(true);
+    const initialSelfHostedRef = useRef(!startsCloud);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        setSyntaxError(null);
+        setUnreachable(false);
+    }, [url, mode]);
+
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (initialMountRef.current && initialSelfHostedRef.current) {
+            inputRef.current?.focus();
+        }
+        initialMountRef.current = false;
+    }, []);
+
+    const handleContinue = useCallback(async () => {
+        if (checking) return;
+        if (mode === ManagementMode.SelfHosted && (!trimmedUrl || !syntaxValid)) {
+            setSyntaxError(t("welcome.management.urlInvalid"));
+            inputRef.current?.focus();
+            return;
+        }
+        const target =
+            mode === ManagementMode.Cloud
+                ? CLOUD_MANAGEMENT_URL
+                : normalizeManagementUrl(trimmedUrl);
+        if (mode === ManagementMode.SelfHosted && !unreachable) {
+            setChecking(true);
+            const reachable = await checkManagementUrlReachable(target);
+            setChecking(false);
+            if (!reachable) {
+                setUnreachable(true);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        try {
+            await onContinue(target);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.error("save management url:", e);
+        }
+    }, [checking, mode, syntaxValid, trimmedUrl, unreachable, onContinue, t]);
+
+    const inputError = syntaxError ?? undefined;
+    const inputWarning = useMemo(
+        () => (!syntaxError && unreachable ? t("welcome.management.urlUnreachable") : undefined),
+        [syntaxError, unreachable, t],
+    );
+
+    return (
+        <>
+            <div className={cn("flex flex-col items-center gap-1", isMacOS() && "mt-4")}>
+                <DialogHeading id={"nb-welcome-management-title"} align={"left"}>
+                    {t("welcome.management.title")}
+                </DialogHeading>
+                <DialogDescription align={"left"}>
+                    {t("welcome.management.description")}
+                </DialogDescription>
+            </div>
+
+            <div className={"wails-no-draggable w-full"}>
+                <ManagementServerSwitch value={mode} onChange={setMode} fullWidth />
+            </div>
+
+            {mode === ManagementMode.SelfHosted && (
+                <div className={"wails-no-draggable w-full text-left"}>
+                    <Input
+                        ref={inputRef}
+                        placeholder={t("welcome.management.urlPlaceholder")}
+                        value={url}
+                        onChange={(e) => setUrl(e.target.value)}
+                        error={inputError}
+                        warning={inputWarning}
+                        spellCheck={false}
+                        autoComplete={"off"}
+                        autoCorrect={"off"}
+                        autoCapitalize={"off"}
+                    />
+                </div>
+            )}
+
+            <DialogActions>
+                <Button
+                    variant={"primary"}
+                    size={"md"}
+                    className={"w-full"}
+                    onClick={handleContinue}
+                    disabled={checking}
+                >
+                    {checking ? t("welcome.management.checking") : t("welcome.continue")}
+                </Button>
+            </DialogActions>
+        </>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/welcome/WelcomeStepTray.tsx b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/welcome/WelcomeStepTray.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a8b0d015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/modules/welcome/WelcomeStepTray.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Button } from "@/components/buttons/Button";
+import { DialogActions } from "@/components/dialog/DialogActions";
+import { DialogDescription } from "@/components/dialog/DialogDescription";
+import { DialogHeading } from "@/components/dialog/DialogHeading";
+import { isMacOS, isWindows } from "@/lib/platform";
+import trayScreenshotDarwin from "@/assets/img/tray-darwin.png";
+import trayScreenshotWindows from "@/assets/img/tray-windows.png";
+import trayScreenshotLinux from "@/assets/img/tray-linux.png";
+
+// Call at render time, not module scope: initPlatform() must run before isMacOS/isWindows.
+function trayScreenshotForOS(): string {
+    if (isMacOS()) return trayScreenshotDarwin;
+    if (isWindows()) return trayScreenshotWindows;
+    return trayScreenshotLinux;
+}
+
+type WelcomeStepTrayProps = {
+    onContinue: () => void;
+};
+
+export function WelcomeStepTray({ onContinue }: Readonly<WelcomeStepTrayProps>) {
+    const { t } = useTranslation();
+    const trayScreenshot = trayScreenshotForOS();
+    // macOS has no tray — the icon sits in the menu bar, so the copy says so.
+    const titleKey = isMacOS() ? "welcome.titleMac" : "welcome.title";
+    const descriptionKey = isMacOS() ? "welcome.descriptionMac" : "welcome.description";
+
+    return (
+        <>
+            <div className={"px-1"}>
+                <img
+                    src={trayScreenshot}
+                    alt={""}
+                    className={"pointer-events-none h-auto w-full select-none rounded-2xl"}
+                    draggable={false}
+                />
+            </div>
+
+            <div className={"flex w-full flex-col gap-1"}>
+                <DialogHeading id={"nb-welcome-title"} align={"left"}>
+                    {t(titleKey)}
+                </DialogHeading>
+                <DialogDescription align={"left"}>{t(descriptionKey)}</DialogDescription>
+            </div>
+
+            <DialogActions>
+                <Button
+                    autoFocus
+                    variant={"primary"}
+                    size={"md"}
+                    tabIndex={0}
+                    className={"w-full"}
+                    onClick={onContinue}
+                >
+                    {t("welcome.continue")}
+                </Button>
+            </DialogActions>
+        </>
+    );
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/src/vite-env.d.ts b/client/ui/frontend/src/vite-env.d.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11f02fe2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/src/vite-env.d.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/// <reference types="vite/client" />
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/tailwind.config.ts b/client/ui/frontend/tailwind.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93ff39eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/tailwind.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+import type { Config } from "tailwindcss";
+
+const config: Config = {
+  content: ["./index.html", "./src/**/*.{ts,tsx}"],
+  darkMode: "class",
+  theme: {
+    fontFamily: {
+      sans: ['"Inter Variable"', 'ui-sans-serif', 'system-ui', 'sans-serif'],
+      mono: ['"JetBrains Mono Variable"', 'ui-monospace', 'monospace'],
+    },
+    extend: {
+      colors: {
+        "nb-gray": {
+          DEFAULT: "#181A1D",
+          50: "#f4f6f7",
+          100: "#e4e7e9",
+          200: "#cbd2d6",
+          250: "#b7c0c6",
+          300: "#a3adb5",
+          350: "#8f9ca8",
+          400: "#7c8994",
+          500: "#616e79",
+          600: "#535d67",
+          700: "#474e57",
+          800: "#3f444b",
+          850: "#363b40",
+          900: "#2e3238",
+          910: "#2b2f33",
+          920: "#25282d",
+          925: "#1e2123",
+          930: "#25282c",
+          935: "#1f2124",
+          940: "#1c1e21",
+          950: "#181a1d",
+          960: "#16181b",
+        },
+        gray: {
+          50: "#F9FAFB",
+          100: "#F3F4F6",
+          200: "#E5E7EB",
+          300: "#D1D5DB",
+          400: "#9CA3AF",
+          500: "#6B7280",
+          600: "#4B5563",
+          700: "#374151",
+          800: "#1F2937",
+          900: "#111827",
+        },
+        red: {
+          50: "#FDF2F2",
+          100: "#FDE8E8",
+          200: "#FBD5D5",
+          300: "#F8B4B4",
+          400: "#F98080",
+          500: "#F05252",
+          600: "#E02424",
+          700: "#C81E1E",
+          800: "#9B1C1C",
+          900: "#771D1D",
+        },
+        yellow: {
+          50: "#FDFDEA",
+          100: "#FDF6B2",
+          200: "#FCE96A",
+          300: "#FACA15",
+          400: "#E3A008",
+          500: "#C27803",
+          600: "#9F580A",
+          700: "#8E4B10",
+          800: "#723B13",
+          900: "#633112",
+        },
+        green: {
+          50: "#F3FAF7",
+          100: "#DEF7EC",
+          200: "#BCF0DA",
+          300: "#84E1BC",
+          400: "#31C48D",
+          500: "#0E9F6E",
+          600: "#057A55",
+          700: "#046C4E",
+          800: "#03543F",
+          900: "#014737",
+        },
+        blue: {
+          50: "#EBF5FF",
+          100: "#E1EFFE",
+          200: "#C3DDFD",
+          300: "#A4CAFE",
+          400: "#76A9FA",
+          500: "#3F83F8",
+          600: "#1C64F2",
+          700: "#1A56DB",
+          800: "#1E429F",
+          900: "#233876",
+        },
+        indigo: {
+          50: "#F0F5FF",
+          100: "#E5EDFF",
+          200: "#CDDBFE",
+          300: "#B4C6FC",
+          400: "#8DA2FB",
+          500: "#6875F5",
+          600: "#5850EC",
+          700: "#5145CD",
+          800: "#42389D",
+          900: "#362F78",
+        },
+        purple: {
+          50: "#F6F5FF",
+          100: "#EDEBFE",
+          200: "#DCD7FE",
+          300: "#CABFFD",
+          400: "#AC94FA",
+          500: "#9061F9",
+          600: "#7E3AF2",
+          700: "#6C2BD9",
+          800: "#5521B5",
+          900: "#4A1D96",
+        },
+        pink: {
+          50: "#FDF2F8",
+          100: "#FCE8F3",
+          200: "#FAD1E8",
+          300: "#F8B4D9",
+          400: "#F17EB8",
+          500: "#E74694",
+          600: "#D61F69",
+          700: "#BF125D",
+          800: "#99154B",
+          900: "#751A3D",
+        },
+        netbird: {
+          DEFAULT: "#f68330",
+          50: "#fff6ed",
+          100: "#feecd6",
+          150: "#ffdfb8",
+          200: "#ffd4a6",
+          300: "#fab677",
+          400: "#f68330",
+          500: "#f46d1b",
+          600: "#e55311",
+          700: "#be3e10",
+          800: "#973215",
+          900: "#7a2b14",
+          950: "#421308",
+        },
+      },
+      backgroundImage: {
+        "conic-netbird": "conic-gradient(from 0deg, #e55311 0%, #f68330 10%, #e55311 20%, #e55311 100%)",
+      },
+      keyframes: {
+        "pulse-reverse": {
+          "0%, 100%": { opacity: "1" },
+          "50%": { opacity: "0.4" },
+        },
+        "spin-slow": {
+          "0%": { transform: "rotate(0deg)" },
+          "100%": { transform: "rotate(360deg)" },
+        },
+        "ping-slow": {
+          "0%": { transform: "scale(1)", opacity: "1" },
+          "75%, 100%": { transform: "scale(2)", opacity: "0" },
+        },
+      },
+      animation: {
+        "ping-slow": "ping-slow 2s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) infinite",
+        "pulse-slow": "pulse-reverse 2s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.6, 1) infinite",
+        "pulse-slower": "pulse-reverse 3s cubic-bezier(0.5, 0, 0.6, 1) infinite",
+        "spin-slow": "spin-slow 2s linear infinite",
+      },
+    },
+  },
+  plugins: [require("tailwindcss-animate")],
+};
+
+export default config;
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/tsconfig.json b/client/ui/frontend/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f95ce9015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "useDefineForClassFields": true,
+    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+
+    /* Bundler mode */
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler",
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "isolatedModules": true,
+    "noEmit": true,
+    "jsx": "react-jsx",
+
+    /* Linting */
+    "strict": true,
+    "noUnusedLocals": true,
+    "noUnusedParameters": false,
+    "noImplicitAny": false,
+    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
+    "baseUrl": ".",
+    "paths": {
+      "@/*": ["src/*"],
+      "@bindings/*": ["bindings/github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/*"]
+    }
+  },
+  "include": ["src", "bindings"],
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/frontend/vite.config.ts b/client/ui/frontend/vite.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48b1c5630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/frontend/vite.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import path from "path";
+import { defineConfig } from "vite";
+import react from "@vitejs/plugin-react";
+import wails from "@wailsio/runtime/plugins/vite";
+
+// https://vitejs.dev/config/
+export default defineConfig({
+  resolve: {
+    alias: {
+      "@": path.resolve(__dirname, "./src"),
+      "@bindings": path.resolve(
+        __dirname,
+        "./bindings/github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui",
+      ),
+    },
+  },
+  plugins: [react(), wails("./bindings")],
+  server: {
+    host: "127.0.0.1",
+    port: 9245,
+    strictPort: true,
+    fs: {
+      // The i18n bundles live at ../i18n/locales (shared with the Go tray).
+      // Whitelist the parent dir so Vite's dev server serves them.
+      allow: [path.resolve(__dirname, ".."), __dirname],
+    },
+  },
+});
diff --git a/client/ui/grpc.go b/client/ui/grpc.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5450e136d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/grpc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/backoff"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/desktop"
+)
+
+// Conn is the lazy, lock-protected gRPC connection shared by all services so they reuse one channel.
+type Conn struct {
+	addr string
+
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	client proto.DaemonServiceClient
+}
+
+func NewConn(addr string) *Conn {
+	return &Conn{addr: addr}
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) Client() (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if c.client != nil {
+		return c.client, nil
+	}
+
+	// Lazy on purpose: grpc.NewClient does not connect here, so a daemon that
+	// is down surfaces as a per-RPC Unavailable instead of blocking the UI.
+	target, opts := daemonaddr.DialTarget(daemonaddr.ResolveDaemonAddr(c.addr))
+	opts = append(opts,
+		grpc.WithUserAgent(desktop.GetUIUserAgent()),
+		// Cap reconnect backoff at 5s; gRPC's default 120s MaxDelay would
+		// leave the UI waiting 30-60s to notice a freshly-started daemon.
+		grpc.WithConnectParams(grpc.ConnectParams{
+			Backoff: backoff.Config{
+				BaseDelay:  1 * time.Second,
+				Multiplier: 1.6,
+				Jitter:     0.2,
+				MaxDelay:   5 * time.Second,
+			},
+		}),
+	)
+
+	cc, err := grpc.NewClient(target, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial daemon: %w", err)
+	}
+	c.client = proto.NewDaemonServiceClient(cc)
+	return c.client, nil
+}
+
+// DaemonAddr returns the default daemon gRPC address: a Unix socket on
+// Linux/macOS, a named pipe on Windows. The pipe carries the caller's token,
+// which loopback TCP does not, so the daemon can tell who is calling.
+func DaemonAddr() string {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return daemonaddr.WindowsPipeAddr
+	}
+	return "unix:///var/run/netbird.sock"
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/guilog/debuglog.go b/client/ui/guilog/debuglog.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a25c26c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/guilog/debuglog.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+// Package guilog manages gui-client.log, which follows the daemon's log level:
+// in debug/trace the GUI attaches a rotated file alongside the console so its
+// (and the React frontend's forwarded) output is captured for the debug bundle.
+package guilog
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// DebugLog attaches/detaches gui-client.log based on the daemon's log level,
+// fed via Apply. The file is left on disk for the debug bundle to collect.
+// Disabled (and never touches logging) when the user set --log-file explicitly.
+type DebugLog struct {
+	uiPath  string
+	enabled bool
+
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	fileOn bool
+}
+
+// NewDebugLog builds the GUI debug log. enabled is false when the user passed
+// --log-file (manual override).
+func NewDebugLog(uiPath string, enabled bool) *DebugLog {
+	return &DebugLog{uiPath: uiPath, enabled: enabled}
+}
+
+// Path returns the GUI log path to register with the daemon, or "" when disabled
+// so the daemon won't collect a file the GUI never writes.
+func (d *DebugLog) Path() string {
+	if !d.enabled {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return d.uiPath
+}
+
+// Apply reacts to a daemon log level (the logrus name, e.g. "debug").
+// Idempotent via the fileOn guard, so the startup replay plus a racing
+// change-event are harmless.
+func (d *DebugLog) Apply(level string) {
+	if !d.enabled {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Compared numerically so there are no hard-coded level-name literals.
+	lvl, err := log.ParseLevel(level)
+	if err != nil {
+		lvl = log.InfoLevel
+	}
+	debug := lvl >= log.DebugLevel
+
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+
+	switch {
+	case debug && !d.fileOn:
+		if err := util.SetLogOutputs(log.StandardLogger(), util.LogConsole, d.uiPath); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("attach GUI file log %s: %v", d.uiPath, err)
+			return
+		}
+		log.SetLevel(lvl)
+		d.fileOn = true
+		log.Infof("GUI file logging enabled (daemon level %s), writing to %s", level, d.uiPath)
+	case !debug && d.fileOn:
+		if err := util.SetLogOutputs(log.StandardLogger(), util.LogConsole); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("detach GUI file log: %v", err)
+		}
+		log.SetLevel(log.InfoLevel)
+		d.fileOn = false
+		log.Infof("GUI file logging disabled (daemon level: %s)", level)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/TRANSLATING.md b/client/ui/i18n/TRANSLATING.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..803e093c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/TRANSLATING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# Translating the NetBird UI
+
+A short brief for translating the desktop UI — for any translator, human or AI agent (*"you"* = whoever's translating).
+
+**Translations are managed on Crowdin: <https://crowdin.com/project/netbird>.** Join the project, pick your language, and translate in the editor. Each string carries a context note (the `description` from the source file) telling you what it is and where it shows up, and the project's glossary, style guide, and QA checks mirror this document.
+
+> 💡 **The one habit that matters most:** read each string's context before translating it. Labels are terse and ambiguous on their own; the context tells you what the string is, where it shows up, what to keep verbatim, and what it actually means.
+
+---
+
+## How contributions flow
+
+```text
+i18n/locales/en/common.json ──sync──▶ Crowdin ──service PR──▶ i18n/locales/<code>/common.json
+```
+
+- `i18n/locales/en/common.json` is the source of truth. New and changed strings sync to Crowdin automatically (see `crowdin.yml` in the repository root).
+- Crowdin opens and updates a service pull request with the translated bundles, keeping the source's file shape and key order. Keys nobody has translated yet are left out of the export; the app falls back to English for them at runtime. Maintainers review and merge that PR.
+- Don't hand-edit `i18n/locales/<code>/common.json` in your own PRs: the next sync would conflict with or overwrite your changes. Translate on Crowdin instead.
+- Missing your language? Request it on the Crowdin project page or in a [GitHub discussion](https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird/discussions). When a language first ships, a maintainer adds its row to `i18n/locales/_index.json` with `code`, `displayName` (the native name), and `englishName`, which puts it in the app's language picker.
+
+**Prefer translating with an AI agent?** That still works: drive it with *"Read `i18n/TRANSLATING.md` and translate the UI to Russian"* as before, but deliver the result to Crowdin instead of a pull request. Download your language's file from the Crowdin editor, let the agent translate it, and upload it back (the editor's offline translation flow). Crowdin runs its QA checks on upload, and the next service PR carries the strings into the repo.
+
+---
+
+## What NetBird is
+
+A **business zero-trust VPN** — an encrypted **overlay mesh** between a company's devices, built on **WireGuard®**, connecting peers directly with a **relay** fallback. This is the **desktop client** (tray app + windows) someone runs to connect, switch profiles, browse peers, and pick an exit node — *not* the admin dashboard.
+
+**Audience:** IT-literate professionals. **Tone:** clear and professional, never consumer-cute.
+
+**The vocabulary you'll meet:**
+
+| Term | What it means here |
+|---|---|
+| **Peer** | A device on the network (laptop, server, phone) |
+| **Resource / Network** | A routed network or service reachable through NetBird (UI calls these "Resources") |
+| **Exit Node** | A peer that routes *all* internet traffic, like a full-tunnel gateway |
+| **Profile** | A saved connection identity you can switch between |
+| **Daemon** | The background service the UI talks to |
+| **Management server** | The control plane — *Cloud* (hosted) or *self-hosted* (customer-run) |
+| **Relay** | Forwards traffic when two peers can't connect directly |
+| **Rosenpass** | Post-quantum security layered over WireGuard® |
+| **Handshake** | The periodic WireGuard® key sync between peers |
+
+---
+
+## Hard rules — get these exactly right
+
+These are the usual ways a translation *breaks the app*, not just reads oddly.
+
+| ✅ Do | ❌ Don't |
+|---|---|
+| Copy `{placeholders}` verbatim — `{version}`, `{count}`, `{name}`… | Translate the word inside the braces (`{verbleibend}` breaks it) |
+| Reposition a placeholder so the sentence flows | Drop or duplicate a placeholder |
+| Preserve every `\n`, leading/trailing space, and trailing `...` | Trim "invisible" spaces or the `...` (they're load-bearing) |
+| Keep `®` in WireGuard® and quotes around `{name}` | Strip punctuation the context flags |
+
+**Plurals:** the app has only a *one / other* split — the singular key fires only when `count == 1`; the `{count}` key covers everything else (0, 2, 5, 100…). Languages with more than two forms (ru, pl, uk) can't be fully correct here — use the form that fits the widest range (Russian genitive plural: `минут` / `часов` / `дней`). Don't invent extra keys or cram multiple forms into one string. When no single form fits every value — a unit label after a number field, say — reach for a number-agnostic form (an abbreviation, or wording that reads the same for 1 and 100) instead of forcing a plural the *one / other* split can't supply.
+
+**Agreement:** a `{placeholder}` drops a value into a fixed frame, so the words around it must fit *every* value the app can supply. In inflected languages, write the frame in the case the surrounding preposition demands — German's duration fragments are **dative** because they land inside "…in {remaining}" (`in {count} Tagen`, `weniger als einer Minute`), not nominative `Tage`. Check the key that *consumes* the fragment (here `tray.session.expiresIn`) before choosing the form.
+
+---
+
+## Glossary
+
+**Tier A — never translate (brands):** `NetBird` · `WireGuard®` · `Rosenpass` · `GitHub` · `ICE` · company/product names · sample URLs · version numbers.
+
+When a brand sits beside a common noun, keep its exact spelling but join them the way your language builds such phrases — a hyphen, a connector word, an inflected noun — rather than copying English's bare noun-stack.
+
+**Tier B — keep as-is (acronyms):** `SSO` · `MFA` · `DNS` · `IP`/`IPv6` · `ACL` · `SSH` · `GUI` · `P2P` · `URL` · `TCP`/`UDP`.
+
+**Tier C — judgment.** One rule decides every term:
+
+> **Use the word that language's IT users actually say.** Translate when a natural, common term exists; keep the English term *only* when the literal translation would be awkward or no one in that field really uses it.
+
+Apply each term **consistently** — same English term → same translation everywhere — and keep a term once you've settled it. Whether a term stays English or takes a native word is **language-dependent**: a technical loanword (e.g. *Daemon*, *Handshake*) often stays, an everyday word (e.g. *Latency*, *Public key*) usually localizes, and some (*Exit Node*, *Peer*) go either way depending on the language. Decide per term with the rule above — a foreign origin alone is no reason to keep English. **Your main reference is the existing translation:** match how a term was already rendered for your language rather than re-deciding it.
+
+Two checks before you commit a term:
+
+- **Prefer established localized wording.** If a widely used tool in this space (for example WireGuard) ships your language, its wording for a shared term such as *handshake* is what users already expect — look at the translated app, not just English docs. For generic UI verbs and formal address, follow your OS vendor's style guide (Microsoft / Apple / Google).
+- **Watch for false friends.** A literal translation can collide with a *different* established term in your field — confirm your word doesn't already mean something else in this domain before using it.
+
+These tiers are mirrored in the Crowdin project glossary, so the editor highlights them inline. When you settle a new Tier C term for your language, add its translation to the glossary entry so it sticks for everyone who comes after you.
+
+---
+
+## Style
+
+| ✅ Do | ❌ Don't |
+|---|---|
+| Use the **formal "you"** (de *Sie*, fr *vous*, ru *вы*, it *Lei*, zh 您) | Use casual/informal address |
+| Keep **buttons, menu, and tray** items short, in your language's action form (de "Speichern", fr "Enregistrer") | Let a label run much longer than the English — space is tight |
+| Follow **locale punctuation** (fr NBSP + « », de „…", zh full-width), including around a quoted UI label | Carry over English Title Case (use sentence case; German nouns excepted) |
+| Translate a term the **same way everywhere** | Vary wording for the same concept across screens |
+
+Where it reads naturally, aim to keep each string **roughly the same length** as the English — the UI is tight and over-long strings can wrap or truncate. It's a soft preference, not a rule: if your language simply needs more words, use them.
+
+A few habits that keep a translation reading like one product rather than a word-for-word port:
+
+- **Translate meaning, not words.** Render what a string *does*. An idiom or an awkward source phrase should become natural in your language, not a literal calque.
+- **Keep one voice within a family.** Sibling strings — the connection states, every settings *help* caption, every "… Failed" title — should share a grammatical form. If one member sounds wrong in that form, re-voice the whole family rather than leave one odd sibling.
+- **Mirror opposites.** A status should read as the natural counterpart of its pair: translate *Disconnected* as the opposite of however you rendered *Connected*, not as an unrelated word. Same for Active/Inactive, Selected/Not selected.
+- **Give a standalone label its subject.** A bare button or title can lose the context the surrounding English UI implied — add the noun back if it would otherwise read ambiguously.
+
+---
+
+## Reviewing a language
+
+**On Crowdin:** proofread in the editor — context, glossary highlights, and QA flags sit inline next to each string.
+
+**In the repo** — e.g. driving an AI agent with *"Read `i18n/TRANSLATING.md` and review the existing German translation"* — read source and target side by side; for each key check glossary conformance (e.g. de `Exit-Node` → `Exit Node`, hu `Kilépő csomópont` → `Exit Node`), placeholder/`\n` integrity, consistency, tone, and that the meaning matches the English `description`. Report what you found, and apply the fixes **on Crowdin** — direct edits to the locale files are overwritten by the next sync.
+
+---
+
+## QA before you finish
+
+- [ ] Every `{placeholder}`, `\n`, and intentional space preserved · `...` / `… Failed` / `{name}` quotes kept
+- [ ] Tier A/B left intact · Tier C applied consistently (and matching the existing translation for your language)
+- [ ] Buttons & tray short · locale punctuation and capitalization applied
+- [ ] Crowdin QA flags resolved (variables, glossary terms, punctuation)
+- [ ] **Tested in the running app** ↓
+
+---
+
+## Test it in the app
+
+A translation can pass every check above and still read wrong on screen. **Run the app, switch to your language, and click through the real surfaces** — tray menu, main window, every Settings tab, the dialogs. Watch for text overflow or truncation, labels that are technically right but wrong *for what the control does*, leaked placeholders, and terms that drift between screens.
+
+How to run the app and switch language: see the project README. Can't run it (e.g. a headless agent)? Say so in your summary — don't silently skip this step.
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/bundle.go b/client/ui/i18n/bundle.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..892916999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/bundle.go
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+// Package i18n loads and serves translation strings for both the tray (Go)
+// and the React UI (via the services.I18n facade).
+//
+// The locale tree is passed in as an fs.FS so the embed directive can live in
+// the main binary.
+package i18n
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"path"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	localeIndexFile = "_index.json"
+
+	// commonBundleFile shape is Chrome-extension JSON (key -> "message" plus
+	// optional Crowdin "description"); loadBundle flattens to key->message.
+	commonBundleFile = "common.json"
+)
+
+// LanguageCode is a BCP-47-ish locale identifier ("en", "hu", ...).
+type LanguageCode string
+
+// DefaultLanguage is the fallback bundle for missing keys and the default
+// when no preference is on disk.
+const DefaultLanguage LanguageCode = "en"
+
+var ErrUnsupportedLanguage = errors.New("unsupported language")
+
+// Language describes one shipped UI locale. DisplayName is in the locale's
+// own script (a Hungarian entry reads "Magyar" regardless of UI language).
+type Language struct {
+	Code        LanguageCode `json:"code"`
+	DisplayName string       `json:"displayName"`
+	EnglishName string       `json:"englishName"`
+}
+
+type localeIndex struct {
+	Languages []Language `json:"languages"`
+}
+
+// Bundle holds the parsed translation bundles. Loaded once at construction
+// and never mutated.
+type Bundle struct {
+	mu        sync.RWMutex
+	languages []Language
+	bundles   map[LanguageCode]map[string]string
+}
+
+// NewBundle parses _index.json plus every <code>/common.json in the locale
+// tree. Hard-fails only when the default language is missing; other locales
+// without a bundle are dropped with a warning.
+func NewBundle(localesFS fs.FS) (*Bundle, error) {
+	idx, err := loadLocaleIndex(localesFS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("load locale index: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	bundles := make(map[LanguageCode]map[string]string, len(idx.Languages))
+	available := make([]Language, 0, len(idx.Languages))
+	for _, l := range idx.Languages {
+		b, err := loadBundle(localesFS, l.Code)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("skip language %q: %v", l.Code, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		bundles[l.Code] = b
+		available = append(available, l)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := bundles[DefaultLanguage]; !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("default language %q bundle missing", DefaultLanguage)
+	}
+
+	sort.Slice(available, func(i, j int) bool { return available[i].Code < available[j].Code })
+
+	return &Bundle{
+		languages: available,
+		bundles:   bundles,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Languages returns a copy of the available locales.
+func (b *Bundle) Languages() []Language {
+	b.mu.RLock()
+	defer b.mu.RUnlock()
+	out := make([]Language, len(b.languages))
+	copy(out, b.languages)
+	return out
+}
+
+func (b *Bundle) HasLanguage(code LanguageCode) bool {
+	b.mu.RLock()
+	defer b.mu.RUnlock()
+	_, ok := b.bundles[code]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// BundleFor returns a copy of the full key->text map for one language.
+func (b *Bundle) BundleFor(code LanguageCode) (map[string]string, error) {
+	b.mu.RLock()
+	defer b.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	bundle, ok := b.bundles[code]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", ErrUnsupportedLanguage, code)
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]string, len(bundle))
+	for k, v := range bundle {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// Translate resolves key for lang, substituting args given as name/value
+// pairs ("version", "1.2.3" replaces "{version}"). Unknown keys fall back to
+// the default language, then to the key itself so a miss is visible in the UI.
+func (b *Bundle) Translate(lang LanguageCode, key string, args ...string) string {
+	b.mu.RLock()
+	defer b.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if v, ok := b.bundles[lang][key]; ok {
+		return applyPlaceholders(v, args)
+	}
+	if lang != DefaultLanguage {
+		if v, ok := b.bundles[DefaultLanguage][key]; ok {
+			return applyPlaceholders(v, args)
+		}
+	}
+	return key
+}
+
+// applyPlaceholders substitutes {name} in s using args as flat name/value
+// pairs. An odd-length args drops the trailing item.
+func applyPlaceholders(s string, args []string) string {
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		return s
+	}
+	if len(args)%2 != 0 {
+		log.Debugf("i18n placeholder args not paired: %d items, last dropped", len(args))
+		args = args[:len(args)-1]
+	}
+	for j := 0; j < len(args); j += 2 {
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "{"+args[j]+"}", args[j+1])
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func loadLocaleIndex(localesFS fs.FS) (*localeIndex, error) {
+	data, err := fs.ReadFile(localesFS, localeIndexFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var idx localeIndex
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &idx); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse %s: %w", localeIndexFile, err)
+	}
+	if len(idx.Languages) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("no languages declared")
+	}
+	return &idx, nil
+}
+
+// bundleEntry is one translation key on disk; Description is Crowdin context,
+// ignored at runtime.
+type bundleEntry struct {
+	Message     string `json:"message"`
+	Description string `json:"description,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func loadBundle(localesFS fs.FS, code LanguageCode) (map[string]string, error) {
+	p := path.Join(string(code), commonBundleFile)
+	data, err := fs.ReadFile(localesFS, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var entries map[string]bundleEntry
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &entries); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse %s: %w", p, err)
+	}
+	bundle := make(map[string]string, len(entries))
+	for k, e := range entries {
+		bundle[k] = e.Message
+	}
+	return bundle, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/bundle_test.go b/client/ui/i18n/bundle_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0b0d24d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/bundle_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package i18n
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// fakeLocales returns an in-memory FS that mirrors the real
+// client/ui/i18n/locales layout (root-level _index.json plus
+// <code>/common.json bundles). Used by every Bundle test so we don't
+// depend on the embedded production bundles staying stable.
+func fakeLocales() fstest.MapFS {
+	return fstest.MapFS{
+		"_index.json": {Data: []byte(`{
+            "languages": [
+                {"code": "en", "displayName": "English", "englishName": "English"},
+                {"code": "hu", "displayName": "Magyar", "englishName": "Hungarian"}
+            ]
+        }`)},
+		"en/common.json": {Data: []byte(`{
+            "tray.menu.connect": {"message": "Connect", "description": "Tray menu item"},
+            "tray.menu.installVersion": {"message": "Install version {version}"},
+            "notify.update.body": {"message": "NetBird {version} is available."}
+        }`)},
+		"hu/common.json": {Data: []byte(`{
+            "tray.menu.connect": {"message": "Csatlakozás"},
+            "tray.menu.installVersion": {"message": "{version} telepítése"}
+        }`)},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBundle_LoadsAllLanguages(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := NewBundle(fakeLocales())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	langs := b.Languages()
+	require.Len(t, langs, 2)
+	codes := []LanguageCode{langs[0].Code, langs[1].Code}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []LanguageCode{"en", "hu"}, codes, "Languages should list every bundle that loaded")
+}
+
+func TestBundle_TranslateLooksUpKey(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := NewBundle(fakeLocales())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "Csatlakozás", b.Translate("hu", "tray.menu.connect"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "Connect", b.Translate("en", "tray.menu.connect"))
+}
+
+func TestBundle_TranslateSubstitutesPlaceholders(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := NewBundle(fakeLocales())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "Install version 1.2.3",
+		b.Translate("en", "tray.menu.installVersion", "version", "1.2.3"),
+		"placeholders should substitute by name")
+	assert.Equal(t, "1.2.3 telepítése",
+		b.Translate("hu", "tray.menu.installVersion", "version", "1.2.3"))
+}
+
+func TestBundle_TranslateFallsBackToEnglish(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := NewBundle(fakeLocales())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// notify.update.body is missing from the hu bundle; English fallback
+	// applies so the user always sees a populated label rather than the
+	// raw key.
+	got := b.Translate("hu", "notify.update.body", "version", "9.9.9")
+	assert.Equal(t, "NetBird 9.9.9 is available.", got, "missing hu key should fall back to en bundle")
+}
+
+func TestBundle_TranslateUnknownKeyReturnsKey(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := NewBundle(fakeLocales())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "tray.missing", b.Translate("en", "tray.missing"),
+		"unknown key should return the key itself for debugability")
+}
+
+func TestBundle_BundleForReturnsCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := NewBundle(fakeLocales())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	m, err := b.BundleFor("en")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, m, "BundleFor should return populated map for known language")
+
+	m["tray.menu.connect"] = "Mutated"
+	assert.Equal(t, "Connect", b.Translate("en", "tray.menu.connect"),
+		"BundleFor must return a copy, not the live map")
+}
+
+func TestBundle_BundleForUnknownLanguage(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := NewBundle(fakeLocales())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = b.BundleFor("xx")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnsupportedLanguage)
+}
+
+func TestBundle_HasLanguage(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := NewBundle(fakeLocales())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.True(t, b.HasLanguage("en"))
+	assert.True(t, b.HasLanguage("hu"))
+	assert.False(t, b.HasLanguage("de"))
+}
+
+func TestBundle_MissingDefaultBundleFails(t *testing.T) {
+	// Without an en bundle we have nothing to fall back to, so construction
+	// must hard-fail. Catches packaging accidents where someone drops the
+	// English locale.
+	fs := fstest.MapFS{
+		"_index.json":    {Data: []byte(`{"languages":[{"code":"hu","displayName":"Magyar","englishName":"Hungarian"}]}`)},
+		"hu/common.json": {Data: []byte(`{"k":{"message":"v"}}`)},
+	}
+	_, err := NewBundle(fs)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "default language")
+}
+
+func TestBundle_MissingBundleSkipsLanguage(t *testing.T) {
+	// A language declared in the index but missing its bundle file is
+	// dropped from Languages with a warning — adding a new language must
+	// be a two-step process (declare + ship), not declare-only.
+	fs := fstest.MapFS{
+		"_index.json": {Data: []byte(`{"languages":[
+            {"code":"en","displayName":"English","englishName":"English"},
+            {"code":"de","displayName":"Deutsch","englishName":"German"}
+        ]}`)},
+		"en/common.json": {Data: []byte(`{"k":{"message":"v"}}`)},
+	}
+	b, err := NewBundle(fs)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	langs := b.Languages()
+	require.Len(t, langs, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, LanguageCode("en"), langs[0].Code, "language without a bundle file must be dropped")
+	assert.False(t, b.HasLanguage("de"))
+}
+
+func TestBundle_OddPlaceholderArgsDoNotPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	b, err := NewBundle(fakeLocales())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Trailing dangling arg should be dropped, not panic — preserves UI
+	// stability when a caller passes an unpaired placeholder by mistake.
+	got := b.Translate("en", "tray.menu.installVersion", "version", "1.2.3", "extra")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Install version 1.2.3", got)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/check-translations.mjs b/client/ui/i18n/check-translations.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd076e0e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/check-translations.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+// Validates that every shipped translation bundle carries exactly the same set
+// of keys as the English source of truth. English (en) defines the keys; every
+// other locale declared in _index.json must match it 1:1:
+//
+//   - no missing keys — a missing key silently falls back to English at runtime
+//     (see i18n bundle fallback), so the gap never surfaces to users or CI
+//     without this check;
+//   - no orphaned keys — keys left behind after an English key is renamed or
+//     removed are dead weight and a sign the locale is drifting.
+//
+// Pure Node, no dependencies, so it runs without installing the frontend
+// toolchain.
+//
+//   Local:  node client/ui/i18n/check-translations.mjs   (or: pnpm i18n:check)
+//   CI:     .github/workflows/ui-translations.yml
+
+import { readdirSync, readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+
+const SOURCE = "en";
+const localesDir = join(dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), "locales");
+const isCI = Boolean(process.env.GITHUB_ACTIONS);
+
+function readJSON(path) {
+    return JSON.parse(readFileSync(path, "utf8"));
+}
+
+function keysOf(langCode) {
+    return Object.keys(readJSON(join(localesDir, langCode, "common.json")));
+}
+
+// Emit a GitHub Actions annotation so failures render inline on the PR diff.
+function annotate(file, message) {
+    if (isCI) console.log(`::error file=${file}::${message}`);
+}
+
+const index = readJSON(join(localesDir, "_index.json"));
+const declared = index.languages.map((l) => l.code);
+
+if (!declared.includes(SOURCE)) {
+    console.error(`FATAL: source language "${SOURCE}" is not declared in _index.json`);
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+const sourceKeys = keysOf(SOURCE);
+const sourceSet = new Set(sourceKeys);
+console.log(`Source of truth: ${SOURCE}/common.json — ${sourceKeys.length} keys\n`);
+
+let failed = false;
+
+for (const code of declared) {
+    if (code === SOURCE) continue;
+    const file = `client/ui/i18n/locales/${code}/common.json`;
+
+    let keys;
+    try {
+        keys = keysOf(code);
+    } catch (e) {
+        failed = true;
+        const msg = `bundle is declared in _index.json but common.json is missing or invalid (${e.message})`;
+        console.error(`✗ ${code}: ${msg}`);
+        annotate("client/ui/i18n/locales/_index.json", `${code}: ${msg}`);
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    const set = new Set(keys);
+    const missing = sourceKeys.filter((k) => !set.has(k));
+    const extra = keys.filter((k) => !sourceSet.has(k));
+
+    if (missing.length === 0 && extra.length === 0) {
+        console.log(`✓ ${code}: ${keys.length} keys`);
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    failed = true;
+    console.error(`✗ ${code}: ${keys.length} keys (expected ${sourceKeys.length})`);
+    if (missing.length) {
+        console.error(`    missing ${missing.length}: ${missing.join(", ")}`);
+        annotate(file, `Missing ${missing.length} key(s) present in ${SOURCE}: ${missing.join(", ")}`);
+    }
+    if (extra.length) {
+        console.error(`    extra ${extra.length}: ${extra.join(", ")}`);
+        annotate(file, `Has ${extra.length} key(s) not present in ${SOURCE}: ${extra.join(", ")}`);
+    }
+}
+
+// Locale directories present on disk but not declared in _index.json are never
+// loaded by the app — surface them so dead translation files don't rot silently.
+const onDisk = readdirSync(localesDir, { withFileTypes: true })
+    .filter((e) => e.isDirectory())
+    .map((e) => e.name);
+const undeclared = onDisk.filter((d) => !declared.includes(d));
+if (undeclared.length) {
+    console.warn(`\n⚠ locale directories not declared in _index.json (not shipped): ${undeclared.join(", ")}`);
+}
+
+console.log();
+if (failed) {
+    console.error("Translation check FAILED — every locale must match the English key set.");
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+console.log("Translation check passed — all locales match the English key set.");
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/_index.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/_index.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17fb1d8ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/_index.json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{
+    "languages": [
+        {"code": "en", "displayName": "English (US)", "englishName": "English (US)"},
+        {"code": "uk", "displayName": "Українська", "englishName": "Ukrainian"},
+        {"code": "de", "displayName": "Deutsch", "englishName": "German"},
+        {"code": "hu", "displayName": "Magyar", "englishName": "Hungarian"},
+        {"code": "ru", "displayName": "Русский", "englishName": "Russian"},
+        {"code": "es", "displayName": "Español", "englishName": "Spanish"},
+        {"code": "fr", "displayName": "Français", "englishName": "French"},
+        {"code": "it", "displayName": "Italiano", "englishName": "Italian"},
+        {"code": "pt", "displayName": "Português", "englishName": "Portuguese"},
+        {"code": "zh-CN", "displayName": "简体中文", "englishName": "Simplified Chinese"},
+        {"code": "ja", "displayName": "日本語", "englishName": "Japanese"}
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/de/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/de/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11e085927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/de/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Nicht verbunden"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Nicht aktiv"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "Fehler"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Verbunden"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Wird verbunden"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "Anmeldung erforderlich"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "Sitzung abgelaufen"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "Sitzung läuft ab in {remaining}"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "weniger als einer Minute"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 Minute"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} Minuten"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 Stunde"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} Stunden"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 Tag"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} Tagen"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "NetBird öffnen"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "Verbinden"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Trennen"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Exit Node"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "Ressourcen"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profile"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Profile verwalten"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Einstellungen …"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "Debug-Paket erstellen"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "Hilfe & Support"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "Dokumentation"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "Fehlerbehebung"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "Neueste Version herunterladen"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "Version {version} installieren"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "Daemon: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "NetBird beenden"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird-Dienst ist veraltet"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "Aktualisieren Sie den NetBird-Dienst, um diese App zu verwenden."
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird-Update verfügbar"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} ist verfügbar."
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " Ihr Administrator verlangt dieses Update."
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "Fehler"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "Verbindung fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Trennen fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Wechsel zu {profile} fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Exit Node {name} konnte nicht aktualisiert werden"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird-Sitzung abgelaufen"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "Ihre NetBird-Sitzung ist abgelaufen. Bitte melden Sie sich erneut an."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "Sitzung läuft bald ab"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "Ihre NetBird-Sitzung läuft in {remaining} ab. Klicken Sie auf Jetzt verlängern, um zu erneuern."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "Ihre NetBird-Sitzung läuft bald ab. Klicken Sie auf Jetzt verlängern, um zu erneuern."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "Jetzt verlängern"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "Verwerfen"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "NetBird-Sitzung konnte nicht verlängert werden"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "NetBird-Sitzung verlängert"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "Ihre Sitzung wurde erneuert."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "Ungültige Sitzungsablaufzeit"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "Der Server hat eine ungültige Sitzungsablaufzeit übermittelt. Bitte melden Sie sich erneut an."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird-Einstellungen aktualisiert"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "Ihre NetBird-Konfiguration wurde durch Ihre IT-Richtlinie aktualisiert."
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "Abbrechen"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "Speichern"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "Änderungen speichern"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "Speichert…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "Schließen"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "Kopieren"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "Passwortsichtbarkeit umschalten"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "Erhöhen"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "Verringern"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "Löschen"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "Erstellen"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "Hinzufügen"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "Entfernen"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "Aktualisieren"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "Lädt…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "Keine Ergebnisse gefunden"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "Es konnten keine Ergebnisse gefunden werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es mit einem anderen Suchbegriff oder ändern Sie Ihre Filter."
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "Nicht verbunden"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "Verbinden Sie sich zuerst mit NetBird, um detaillierte Informationen zu Ihren Peers, Netzwerkressourcen und Exit Nodes einzusehen."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Nicht verbunden"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Wird verbunden…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Verbunden"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "Wird getrennt…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Daemon nicht verfügbar"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "Anmeldung erforderlich"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "Verbindung fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "Trennen fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "Peers"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{connected} von {total} verbunden"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "Ressourcen"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{active} von {total} aktiv"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "Exit Nodes"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "Nicht aktiv"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "Über {name}"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "Einstellungen öffnen"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "Seitenleiste umschalten"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "Lädt…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "Kein Profil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "Profil nach Namen suchen…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Keine Profile gefunden"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Versuchen Sie einen anderen Suchbegriff oder erstellen Sie ein neues Profil."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "Neues Profil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "Weitere Optionen"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "Abmelden"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "Profil löschen"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "Zu diesem Profil wechseln"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "Bearbeiten"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "Profil bearbeiten"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "Änderungen speichern"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Neues Profil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "Profilname"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "Legen Sie einen leicht erkennbaren Namen für Ihr Profil fest."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "z. B. Arbeit"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "Profil hinzufügen"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "Bitte geben Sie einen Profilnamen ein, z. B. Arbeit, Privat"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud oder Ihr eigener Server."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Server nicht erreichbar. Überprüfen Sie die URL, oder fügen Sie das Profil trotzdem hinzu, wenn Sie sicher sind, dass sie korrekt ist."
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Einstellungen …"
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "Standardansicht"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "Erweiterte Ansicht"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Update verfügbar"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Menü öffnen"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "Profil wechseln"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "NetBird-Verbindung umschalten"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "Lokale IP-Adressen"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "Suchen"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "Filtern"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "Exit-Node auswählen"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "Details öffnen für {name}, {status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Peer-Details"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "{name} umschalten"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "Alle sichtbaren Ressourcen umschalten"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "Zu Profil \"{name}\" wechseln?"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "Sind Sie sicher, dass Sie das Profil wechseln möchten?\nIhr aktuelles Profil wird getrennt."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "Bestätigen"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "Profil \"{name}\" abmelden?"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "Sind Sie sicher, dass Sie dieses Profil abmelden möchten?\nSie müssen sich erneut anmelden, um es zu nutzen."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "Abmelden"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "Profil \"{name}\" löschen?"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "Sind Sie sicher, dass Sie dieses Profil löschen möchten?\nDiese Aktion kann nicht rückgängig gemacht werden."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "Aktive Profile können nicht gelöscht werden. Wechseln Sie zu einem anderen Profil, bevor Sie dieses löschen."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "Das Standardprofil kann nicht gelöscht werden."
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "Profilwechsel fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "Abmeldung fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "Löschen des Profils fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "Erstellen des Profils fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "Bearbeiten des Profils fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Laden der Profile fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "Aktives Profil"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Profil wechseln"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "Andere"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Profil hinzufügen"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Profile verwalten"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "Einstellungen"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profile"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "Verwalten Sie mehrere NetBird-Profile parallel, zum Beispiel berufliche und private Konten oder verschiedene Management-Server. Fügen Sie unten Profile hinzu, melden Sie sie ab oder löschen Sie sie."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Profil hinzufügen"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "Aktiv"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Keine Profile"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Erstellen Sie ein Profil, um sich mit einem NetBird-Management-Server zu verbinden."
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Laden der Einstellungen fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "Speichern der Einstellungen fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "Debug-Paket fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "Einstellungsbereiche"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "Allgemein"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "Netzwerk"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "Sicherheit"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profile"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "Erweitert"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "Fehlerbehebung"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "Über"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Update verfügbar"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "Allgemein"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "Verbindung"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "Beim Start verbinden"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "Beim Start des Dienstes automatisch eine Verbindung herstellen."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "Desktop-Benachrichtigungen"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "Desktop-Benachrichtigungen für neue Updates und Verbindungsereignisse anzeigen."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "NetBird-UI beim Anmelden starten"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "Die NetBird-Oberfläche beim Anmelden automatisch starten. Dies betrifft nur die grafische Oberfläche, nicht den Hintergrunddienst."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "Ändern des Autostarts fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "Nach dem Beenden verbunden bleiben",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "Die Verbindung bleibt im Hintergrund bestehen, nachdem Sie NetBird schließen. Sie endet erst, wenn Sie sie selbst trennen.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "Anzeigesprache"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "Wählen Sie die Sprache der NetBird-Oberfläche."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "Sprache suchen…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "Keine Sprachen gefunden."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "Management-Server"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "Mit NetBird Cloud oder Ihrem eigenen self-hosted Management-Server verbinden. Änderungen lösen eine Neuverbindung des Clients aus."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "Self-hosted"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "Bitte geben Sie eine gültige URL ein, z. B. https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Server nicht erreichbar. Überprüfen Sie die URL, oder speichern Sie trotzdem, wenn Sie sicher sind, dass sie korrekt ist."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "Zu NetBird Cloud wechseln?"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "Dies trennt die Verbindung zu Ihrem self-hosted Server.\nMöglicherweise müssen Sie sich erneut anmelden."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "Zu Cloud wechseln"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "Konnektivität"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "Routing & DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "Bei Netzwerkwechsel neu verbinden"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "Das Netzwerk überwachen und bei Änderungen (z. B. WLAN-Wechsel, Ethernet-Änderungen oder Rückkehr aus dem Ruhezustand) automatisch neu verbinden."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "DNS aktivieren"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "NetBird-verwaltete DNS-Einstellungen auf den Host-Resolver anwenden."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Client-Routen aktivieren"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Routen von anderen Peers übernehmen, um deren Netzwerke zu erreichen."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Server-Routen aktivieren"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Lokale Routen dieses Hosts an andere Peers ankündigen."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "IPv6 aktivieren"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "IPv6-Adressierung für das NetBird-Overlay-Netzwerk verwenden."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "Firewall"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "Verschlüsselung"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "Eingehenden Verkehr blockieren"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "Unaufgeforderte Verbindungen von Peers zu diesem Gerät und den von ihm gerouteten Netzwerken ablehnen. Ausgehender Verkehr ist nicht betroffen."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "LAN-Zugriff blockieren"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "Verhindert, dass Peers Ihr lokales Netzwerk oder dessen Geräte erreichen, wenn dieses Gerät deren Verkehr routet."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "Quantenresistenz aktivieren"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "Einen Post-Quanten-Schlüsselaustausch über Rosenpass zusätzlich zu WireGuard® hinzufügen."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "Permissiven Modus aktivieren"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "Verbindungen zu Peers ohne Quantenresistenz-Unterstützung erlauben."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "Server"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "Funktionen"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "Authentifizierung"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "SSH-Server aktivieren"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "Den NetBird SSH-Server auf diesem Host ausführen, damit andere Peers sich verbinden können."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "Root-Login erlauben"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "Peers dürfen sich als root anmelden. Deaktivieren, um ein nicht-privilegiertes Konto zu erfordern."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "SFTP erlauben"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "Dateien sicher über native SFTP- oder SCP-Clients übertragen."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "Lokale Portweiterleitung"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "Verbundene Peers können lokale Ports zu von diesem Host erreichbaren Diensten tunneln."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "Remote-Portweiterleitung"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "Verbundene Peers können Ports dieses Hosts an ihren eigenen Rechner weitergeben."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "JWT-Authentifizierung aktivieren"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "Jede SSH-Sitzung gegen Ihren IdP für Identität und Audit prüfen. Deaktivieren, um sich nur auf Netzwerk-ACL-Richtlinien zu verlassen — sinnvoll, wenn kein IdP verfügbar ist."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "JWT-Cache-TTL"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "Wie lange dieser Client ein JWT zwischenspeichert, bevor bei ausgehenden SSH-Verbindungen erneut nachgefragt wird. Auf 0 setzen, um den Cache zu deaktivieren und bei jeder Verbindung zu authentifizieren."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "Sekunde(n)"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "Schnittstelle"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "Sicherheit"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "Name"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "Verwenden Sie 1–15 Buchstaben, Ziffern, Punkte, Bindestriche oder Unterstriche."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "Muss mit „utun“ und einer Zahl beginnen (z. B. utun100)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "Port"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "Geben Sie einen Port zwischen {min} und {max} ein."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "Wenn auf 0 gesetzt, wird ein zufälliger freier Port verwendet."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "Geben Sie einen MTU-Wert zwischen {min} und {max} ein."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "Pre-shared Key"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "Optionaler WireGuard-PSK für zusätzliche symmetrische Verschlüsselung. Nicht identisch mit einem NetBird Setup-Key. Sie kommunizieren nur mit Peers, die denselben Pre-shared Key verwenden."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "Debug-Paket"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "Sensible Informationen anonymisieren"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "Verbirgt IP-Adressen, Domains und andere sensible Werte."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "Der Standardmodus lässt interne IPv4-Adressen und Peer-Namen für den Support lesbar. Der strikte Modus anonymisiert zusätzlich private (RFC 1918), CGNAT- und Link-Local-IP-Adressen, Peer-Namen und öffentliche WireGuard-Schlüssel. Wiederkehrende Werte erhalten denselben Platzhalter, sodass Peers unterscheidbar bleiben. Verwenden Sie den strikten Modus, wenn Sie das Debug-Paket außerhalb Ihrer Organisation weitergeben."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "Keine"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "Standard"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "Strikt"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "Systeminformationen einschließen"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "OS, Kernel, Netzwerkschnittstellen und Routing-Tabellen einschließen."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "Paket an NetBird-Server hochladen"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "Gibt einen Upload-Schlüssel zurück, den Sie mit dem NetBird-Support teilen können."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "Trace-Logs aktivieren"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "Hebt das Log-Level auf TRACE an und stellt es danach wieder her."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "Aufzeichnungssitzung"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "Stellt die Verbindung neu her und wartet, damit Sie das Problem reproduzieren können."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "Netzwerkpakete aufzeichnen"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "Speichert eine .pcap-Datei des Netzwerkverkehrs während der Aufzeichnung."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "Aufzeichnungsdauer"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "Wie lange die Aufzeichnungssitzung läuft."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "Minute(n)"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "Debug-Paket erstellen"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "Logs, Systemdetails und Verbindungszustand werden gesammelt. Dies dauert in der Regel einen Moment — lassen Sie dieses Fenster geöffnet, bis es abgeschlossen ist."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Wird abgebrochen…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "Debug-Paket erfolgreich hochgeladen!"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "Paket gespeichert"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "Teilen Sie den unten angezeigten Upload-Schlüssel mit dem <docs>NetBird-Support</docs>. Eine lokale Kopie wurde ebenfalls auf Ihrem Gerät gespeichert."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "Ihr Debug-Paket wurde lokal gespeichert."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "Schlüssel kopieren"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "Ordner öffnen"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "Speicherort öffnen"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "Upload fehlgeschlagen: {reason} Das Paket wurde trotzdem lokal gespeichert."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "Upload fehlgeschlagen. Das Paket wurde trotzdem lokal gespeichert."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "NetBird wird neu verbunden…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "Debug-Logs werden erfasst"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "Debug-Paket wird erstellt…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "Wird zu NetBird hochgeladen…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Wird abgebrochen…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[Entwicklung]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. Alle Rechte vorbehalten."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "Impressum"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "Datenschutz"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "Nutzungsbedingungen"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "Forum"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "Dokumentation"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "Feedback"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} ist installationsbereit."
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "Später"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "Jetzt installieren"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "Version {version} ist zum Herunterladen verfügbar."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "Version {version} ist zur Installation verfügbar."
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "Was ist neu?"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "Jetzt installieren"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "Herunterladen"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "NetBird sucht im Hintergrund nach Updates."
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "Changelog"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "Sie verwenden die neueste Version"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "Update verfügbar"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "NetBird wird auf v{version} aktualisiert"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "NetBird wird aktualisiert"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "Eine neuere Version ist verfügbar und wird installiert. NetBird startet nach Abschluss des Updates automatisch neu."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "Update dauert zu lange"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "Die Installation von {target} hat zu lange gedauert und wurde nicht abgeschlossen."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "Update wurde abgebrochen"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "Das Update auf {target} wurde vor dem Abschluss abgebrochen."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "Update konnte nicht installiert werden"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "{target} konnte nicht installiert werden."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "unbekannter Fehler"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "die neue Version"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "Laden des Update-Status fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "Update-Start fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "Client wird aktualisiert auf: {version}."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "Client wird aktualisiert."
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "Ihre Client-Version ist älter als die im Management eingestellte Auto-Update-Version."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "Wird aktualisiert"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "Zeitüberschreitung beim Update. Bitte erneut versuchen."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "Update abgebrochen."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "Update fehlgeschlagen: {message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "unbekannter Update-Fehler"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "Update fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "Zeitüberschreitung beim Update."
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "Bitte schließen Sie dieses Fenster nicht."
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "Wird aktualisiert…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "Update abgeschlossen"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "Update fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "Einstellungen"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "Anmeldung"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "Sitzung läuft ab"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "Aktualisierung"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "Willkommen bei NetBird"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "Fehler"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "Suchen Sie NetBird in der Taskleiste"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "Suchen Sie NetBird in der Menüleiste"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "NetBird läuft in Ihrer Taskleiste. Klicken Sie auf das Symbol, um sich zu verbinden, Profile zu wechseln oder die Einstellungen zu öffnen."
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "NetBird läuft in Ihrer Menüleiste. Klicken Sie auf das Symbol, um sich zu verbinden, Profile zu wechseln oder die Einstellungen zu öffnen."
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "Weiter"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "Zurück"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird einrichten"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "Klicken Sie auf „Weiter“, um loszulegen, oder wählen Sie „Self-hosted“, wenn Sie einen eigenen NetBird-Server haben."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "Nutzen Sie unseren gehosteten Dienst. Keine Einrichtung nötig."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "Self-hosted"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "Verbindung zu Ihrem eigenen Management-Server."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "URL des Management-Servers"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "Bitte geben Sie eine gültige URL ein, z. B. https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Server nicht erreichbar. Überprüfen Sie die URL oder Ihr Netzwerk und fahren Sie fort, wenn Sie sicher sind, dass sie korrekt ist."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "Wird geprüft …"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "Anmeldung im Browser abschließen"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "Sehen Sie den Browser-Tab nicht?"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "Erneut versuchen"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Browser konnte nicht geöffnet werden"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "Sitzung läuft bald ab"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "Ihre Sitzung läuft ab"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "Dieses Gerät wird bald getrennt. Browser-Anmeldung zum Erneuern erforderlich."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "Eine Browser-Anmeldung hält dieses Gerät mit Ihrem Netzwerk verbunden."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "Sitzung erneuern"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "Anmelden"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "Abmelden"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "Sitzung abgelaufen"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "Gerät getrennt. Mit Browser-Anmeldung authentifizieren, um erneut zu verbinden."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "Schließen"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Sitzungsverlängerung fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Abmeldung fehlgeschlagen"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Nach Name oder IP suchen"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Alle"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "Online"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "Offline"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Keine Peers verfügbar"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Sie haben entweder keine Peers verfügbar oder keinen Zugriff auf einen davon."
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "Domain"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "NetBird-IP"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "NetBird-IPv6"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "Öffentlicher Schlüssel"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "Verbindung"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "Latenz"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "Letzter Handshake"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "Letzte Verbindungsaktualisierung"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "Bytes"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "Gesendet"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "Empfangen"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "Lokales ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "Remote ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "Nie"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "Gerade eben"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "Aktualisieren"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Verbunden"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Wird verbunden"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Nicht verbunden"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "Relay"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "Ressourcen"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "Relayed"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass aktiviert"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Nach Netzwerk oder Domain suchen"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Alle"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "Aktiv"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "Überlappend"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Keine Ressourcen verfügbar"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Sie haben entweder keine Netzwerkressourcen verfügbar oder keinen Zugriff auf eine davon."
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "Ausgewählt"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "Nicht ausgewählt"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "Aufgelöste IPs"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{selected} von {total} aktiv"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "Alle aktivieren"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "Alle deaktivieren"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Exit Nodes suchen"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "Keiner"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Keine Exit Nodes verfügbar"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Für diesen Peer wurden keine Exit Nodes freigegeben."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "Exit Node"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "Aktiv"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "Inaktiv"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "Keiner"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "Direkte Verbindung ohne Exit Node"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "Verbinden"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Trennen"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird-Dienst läuft nicht"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "Die App stellt automatisch die Verbindung wieder her, sobald der Dienst läuft."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "Dokumentation"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client ist veraltet"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "Die neue GUI ist nicht mit Ihrem älteren Client kompatibel. Aktualisieren Sie Ihren Client, um die neue Anwendung zu verwenden."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "Neueste Version herunterladen"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen: Die Uhr dieses Geräts ist nicht mit dem Server synchron. Bitte synchronisieren Sie die Systemuhr und versuchen Sie es erneut."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "Ihr Anmeldetoken ist abgelaufen. Bitte melden Sie sich erneut an."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "Anmeldung fehlgeschlagen: Die Token-Signatur ist ungültig. Bitte wenden Sie sich an Ihren Administrator."
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "Ihre Sitzung ist abgelaufen. Bitte melden Sie sich erneut an."
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "Der Setup-Key fehlt oder ist ungültig."
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "Die Anmeldung wurde vom Server abgelehnt."
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "Der NetBird-Dienst antwortet nicht. Bitte prüfen Sie, ob der Dienst läuft."
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "Vorgang fehlgeschlagen."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "NetBird konnte auf diesem System nicht die nötigen Rechte anfordern. Führen Sie stattdessen dies aus:"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "Die Änderung konnte mit erhöhten Rechten nicht angewendet werden. Führen Sie stattdessen dies aus:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "root-Rechte"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "Administratorrechte"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "Erfordert {actor}. Führen Sie stattdessen dies aus:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "Sie können dies deaktivieren, zum erneuten Aktivieren sind {actor} erforderlich."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "Sie können dies aktivieren, zum erneuten Deaktivieren sind {actor} erforderlich."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "Warten auf Autorisierung…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/en/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/en/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36f00e4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/en/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1834 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird",
+        "description": "Hover tooltip on the system-tray / menu-bar icon. Brand name — do not translate."
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Disconnected",
+        "description": "Connection status surfaced through the tray icon: the client is not connected to the network."
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Not running",
+        "description": "Tray status: the background NetBird service (daemon) is not running."
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "Error",
+        "description": "Tray status: the client is in an error state."
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Connected",
+        "description": "Tray status: connected to the NetBird network."
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Connecting",
+        "description": "Tray status: a connection is being established."
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "Login required",
+        "description": "Tray status: the user must sign in before connecting."
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "Login failed",
+        "description": "Tray status: the last sign-in attempt failed."
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "Session expired",
+        "description": "Tray status: the authenticated session expired; the user must sign in again."
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "Session expires in {remaining}",
+        "description": "Tray row showing time left before the session expires. {remaining} is a human-readable duration such as '5 minutes', built from the tray.session.unit.* strings. Keep {remaining} unchanged."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "less than a minute",
+        "description": "Duration fragment substituted into {remaining} (see tray.session.expiresIn). Used when under one minute remains."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 minute",
+        "description": "Duration fragment for exactly one minute, substituted into {remaining}."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} minutes",
+        "description": "Duration fragment for several minutes, substituted into {remaining}. {count} is the number of minutes; keep {count}."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 hour",
+        "description": "Duration fragment for exactly one hour, substituted into {remaining}."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} hours",
+        "description": "Duration fragment for several hours. {count} is the number of hours; keep {count}."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 day",
+        "description": "Duration fragment for exactly one day, substituted into {remaining}."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} days",
+        "description": "Duration fragment for several days. {count} is the number of days; keep {count}."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Open NetBird",
+        "description": "Tray menu item that opens the main NetBird window. Keep short."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "Connect",
+        "description": "Tray menu item that connects to the network. Keep short."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Disconnect",
+        "description": "Tray menu item that disconnects from the network. Keep short."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Exit Node",
+        "description": "Tray submenu title for choosing an exit node (route all traffic through another peer)."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "Resources",
+        "description": "Tray submenu title listing network resources the user can reach. Labelled 'Resources' in the UI even though the key says networks."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profiles",
+        "description": "Tray submenu title listing connection profiles."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Manage Profiles",
+        "description": "Tray menu item that opens Settings → Profiles."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Settings...",
+        "description": "Tray menu item that opens the Settings window. The trailing '...' signals that a window opens; keep it."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "Create Debug Bundle",
+        "description": "Tray menu item that generates a diagnostic log bundle for support."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "Help & Support",
+        "description": "Tray submenu title for help and support links."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub",
+        "description": "Tray menu link to the GitHub repository. Brand name — do not translate."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentation",
+        "description": "Tray menu link to the online documentation."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "Troubleshoot",
+        "description": "Tray menu link to troubleshooting help."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "Download latest version",
+        "description": "Tray menu item to download the latest available version."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "Install version {version}",
+        "description": "Tray menu item to install a specific update. {version} is a version number like 0.30.1; keep {version}."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI: {version}",
+        "description": "Tray menu row showing the installed UI version. 'GUI' = the graphical app. {version} is a version number; keep it."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "Daemon: {version}",
+        "description": "Tray menu row showing the background-service version. 'Daemon' = the background NetBird service. {version} is a version number; keep it."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—",
+        "description": "Placeholder shown in version rows when the version can't be determined. It is an em dash — leave as-is."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "Quit NetBird",
+        "description": "Tray menu item that fully exits the app and removes the tray icon. Keep short."
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird service is outdated",
+        "description": "Title of the OS desktop notification shown when the running daemon is too old for this UI."
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "Update the NetBird service to use this app.",
+        "description": "Body of the desktop notification telling the user to upgrade the daemon."
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird update available",
+        "description": "Title of the OS desktop notification shown when an app update is available."
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} is available.",
+        "description": "Body of the update-available desktop notification. {version} is the new version number; keep it."
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " Your administrator requires this update.",
+        "description": "Sentence appended to the update notification body when the admin has made the update mandatory. Note the leading space — keep it."
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "Error",
+        "description": "Title of a generic error desktop notification."
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "Failed to connect",
+        "description": "Error notification body shown when connecting failed."
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Failed to disconnect",
+        "description": "Error notification body shown when disconnecting failed."
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Failed to switch to {profile}",
+        "description": "Error notification shown when switching profiles failed. {profile} is the target profile name; keep it."
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Failed to update exit node {name}",
+        "description": "Error notification shown when updating the exit node failed. {name} is the exit node name; keep it."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird session expired",
+        "description": "Title of the desktop notification shown when the session has expired."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "Your NetBird session has expired. Please log in again.",
+        "description": "Body of the session-expired desktop notification."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "Session expires soon",
+        "description": "Title of the desktop notification warning that the session will expire soon."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "Your NetBird session expires in {remaining}. Click Extend now to renew.",
+        "description": "Body of the session-expiry warning notification. {remaining} is a human-readable duration (see tray.session.unit.*); keep it. 'Extend now' refers to the action button notify.sessionWarning.extend."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "Your NetBird session is about to expire. Click Extend now to renew.",
+        "description": "Generic session-expiry warning body used when the exact remaining time isn't known."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "Extend now",
+        "description": "Action button on the session-expiry notification that renews the session. Keep short."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "Dismiss",
+        "description": "Action button on the session-expiry notification that dismisses it. Keep short."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "Failed to extend NetBird session",
+        "description": "Notification shown when renewing the session failed."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "NetBird session extended",
+        "description": "Title of the notification confirming the session was renewed."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "Your session has been refreshed.",
+        "description": "Body of the notification confirming the session was renewed."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "Session deadline rejected",
+        "description": "Title of the notification shown when the server sent an invalid session deadline."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "The server sent an invalid session deadline. Please sign in again.",
+        "description": "Body explaining the server sent an invalid session deadline and the user must sign in again."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird settings updated",
+        "description": "Title of the desktop notification shown when an MDM (IT-managed) policy changed the daemon configuration at runtime."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "Your NetBird configuration was updated by your IT policy.",
+        "description": "Body of the MDM policy-applied notification, telling the user their settings were changed by their organization's device-management policy."
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "Cancel",
+        "description": "Generic Cancel button label, reused across dialogs. Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "Save",
+        "description": "Generic Save button label. Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "Save Changes",
+        "description": "Button label to save edited settings. Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "Saving…",
+        "description": "Button label / status shown while a save is in progress. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "Close",
+        "description": "Generic Close button label. Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "Copy",
+        "description": "Generic Copy button label (copy to clipboard). Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "Toggle password visibility",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the show/hide button inside a password field."
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "Increase",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the increment (+) button on a numeric stepper input."
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "Decrease",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the decrement (−) button on a numeric stepper input."
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "Delete",
+        "description": "Generic Delete button label. Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "Create",
+        "description": "Generic Create button label. Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "Add",
+        "description": "Generic Add button label. Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "Remove",
+        "description": "Generic Remove button label. Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "Refresh",
+        "description": "Generic Refresh button label. Keep short."
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "Loading…",
+        "description": "Generic loading indicator text. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird",
+        "description": "The product name. Brand — do not translate."
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "Could not find any results",
+        "description": "Title of the empty state shown when a search or filter returns nothing."
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "We couldn't find any results. Please try a different search term or change your filters.",
+        "description": "Body of the no-results empty state, suggesting a different search term or filters."
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "Disconnected",
+        "description": "Title of the placeholder shown on data screens while disconnected."
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "Connect to NetBird first to view detailed information about your peers, network resources, and exit nodes.",
+        "description": "Body explaining the user must connect to NetBird first to see peer, resource, and exit-node details."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Disconnected",
+        "description": "Label on the main-window connection toggle: not connected."
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Connecting...",
+        "description": "Connection toggle label while connecting. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Connected",
+        "description": "Connection toggle label when connected."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "Disconnecting...",
+        "description": "Connection toggle label while disconnecting. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Daemon unavailable",
+        "description": "Connection toggle label when the background service is unavailable. 'Daemon' = background service."
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "Login required",
+        "description": "Connection toggle label when sign-in is required before connecting."
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "Login Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title shown when sign-in fails. The action-named '… Failed' style is intentional — keep it."
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "Connect Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title shown when connecting fails."
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "Disconnect Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title shown when disconnecting fails."
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "Peers",
+        "description": "Navigation label for the Peers section (other devices in the network)."
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{connected} of {total} connected",
+        "description": "Sub-label under Peers showing how many are connected. {connected} and {total} are numbers; keep both."
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "Resources",
+        "description": "Navigation label for the Resources section (routed networks)."
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{active} of {total} active",
+        "description": "Sub-label under Resources showing how many are active. {active} and {total} are numbers; keep both."
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "Exit Nodes",
+        "description": "Navigation label for the Exit Nodes section."
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "Not active",
+        "description": "Sub-label under Exit Nodes when no exit node is in use."
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "Via {name}",
+        "description": "Sub-label under Exit Nodes when one is active. {name} is the exit node's name; keep it."
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "Open settings",
+        "description": "Accessibility label / tooltip for the gear icon that opens Settings."
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "Toggle side panel",
+        "description": "Accessibility label / tooltip for the button that shows or hides the side panel."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "Loading...",
+        "description": "Shown in the profile picker while profiles load. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "No profile",
+        "description": "Shown in the profile picker when no profile is selected."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "Search profile by name...",
+        "description": "Placeholder text in the profile picker's search field."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "No Profiles Found",
+        "description": "Title shown in the profile picker when a search matches no profiles."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Try a different search term or create a new profile.",
+        "description": "Body shown when no profiles match the search, suggesting a different term or creating one."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "New Profile",
+        "description": "Button in the profile picker to create a new profile. Keep short."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "More options",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the per-profile kebab (⋯) menu."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "Deregister",
+        "description": "Per-profile menu action: deregister (sign out of the profile but keep it)."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "Delete",
+        "description": "Per-profile menu action: delete the profile."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "Switch to this profile",
+        "description": "Tooltip / label for the action that switches to a profile."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "Edit",
+        "description": "Per-profile menu action: open the edit dialog to rename or change the management server."
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "Edit Profile",
+        "description": "Title of the dialog for editing an existing profile."
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "Save Changes",
+        "description": "Submit button on the edit-profile dialog. Keep short."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Enter Profile Name",
+        "description": "Title of the dialog for naming a new profile."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "Profile Name",
+        "description": "Field label for the profile name."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "Set an easily identifiable name for your profile.",
+        "description": "Helper text under the profile-name field."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "e.g. Work",
+        "description": "Example placeholder shown in the profile-name field. 'Work' is a sample value; translate it to a natural example."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "Add Profile",
+        "description": "Submit button on the add-profile dialog. Keep short."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "Please enter a profile name, e.g. work, home",
+        "description": "Validation message shown when the profile name is empty. The examples (work, home) may be localized."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "Use NetBird Cloud or your own server.",
+        "description": "Helper text noting the profile can use NetBird Cloud or a self-hosted server."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Couldn't reach this server. Check the URL, or add the profile anyway if you're sure it's correct.",
+        "description": "Soft warning when the entered server URL couldn't be reached; the user may add the profile anyway."
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Settings...",
+        "description": "'More' menu item in the header that opens Settings. The trailing '...' signals a window opens."
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "Default View",
+        "description": "'More' menu item that switches the main window to the compact default view."
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "Advanced View",
+        "description": "'More' menu item that switches the main window to the wider advanced view."
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Update Available",
+        "description": "'More' menu item / badge shown when an update is available."
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Open menu",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the header's more (⋮) button that opens the menu."
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "Switch profile",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the header's profile selector button."
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "Toggle NetBird connection",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the large connect/disconnect toggle on the main page."
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "Local IP addresses",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the local IP selector that toggles between IPv4 and IPv6 on the main page."
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "Search",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for a generic search input."
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "Filter",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for a generic filter control."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "Select exit node",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the exit-node picker button at the bottom of the main page."
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "Open details for {name}, {status}",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for a peer row in the list. {name} is the peer name and {status} is the connection status; keep both placeholders."
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Peer details",
+        "description": "Accessibility title (announced to screen readers) for the peer details dialog/panel."
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "Toggle {name}",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the row-wide toggle on a network/resource. {name} is the resource id; keep the placeholder."
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "Toggle all visible resources",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the bulk enable/disable button at the bottom of the resources list."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "Switch Profile to \"{name}\"?",
+        "description": "Confirmation-dialog title for switching profiles. {name} is the target profile name, shown in quotes; keep {name} and the surrounding quotes."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "Are you sure you want to switch profiles?\nYour current profile will be disconnected.",
+        "description": "Confirmation body for switching profiles. Contains a line break (\\n) — keep it."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "Confirm",
+        "description": "Confirm button on the switch-profile dialog. Keep short."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "Deregister Profile \"{name}\"?",
+        "description": "Confirmation-dialog title for deregistering a profile. {name} is the profile name; keep it and the quotes."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "Are you sure you want to deregister this profile?\nYou will need to log in again to use it.",
+        "description": "Confirmation body for deregistering; warns the user must sign in again. Contains a line break (\\n) — keep it."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "Deregister",
+        "description": "Confirm button on the deregister dialog. Keep short."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "Delete Profile \"{name}\"?",
+        "description": "Confirmation-dialog title for deleting a profile. {name} is the profile name; keep it and the quotes."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "Are you sure you want to delete this profile?\nThis action cannot be undone.",
+        "description": "Confirmation body for deleting; warns the action can't be undone. Contains a line break (\\n) — keep it."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "Active profiles cannot be deleted. Switch to a different one before deleting this profile.",
+        "description": "Tooltip explaining the active profile can't be deleted until the user switches away."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "The default profile cannot be deleted.",
+        "description": "Tooltip explaining the default profile can't be deleted."
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "Switch Profile Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when switching profiles fails."
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "Deregister Profile Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when deregistering a profile fails."
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "Delete Profile Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when deleting a profile fails."
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "Create Profile Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when creating a profile fails."
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "Edit Profile Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when editing a profile (rename or management URL change) fails."
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Load Profiles Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when loading profiles fails."
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "Active profile",
+        "description": "Section heading in the header profile dropdown for the current profile."
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Switch Profile",
+        "description": "Section heading / action in the profile dropdown to switch profiles."
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "Other",
+        "description": "Label shown for a profile that has no associated email address."
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Add Profile",
+        "description": "Profile dropdown action to add a profile."
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Manage Profiles",
+        "description": "Profile dropdown action that opens Settings → Profiles."
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "Settings",
+        "description": "Profile dropdown action that opens Settings."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profiles",
+        "description": "Section heading on the Profiles settings tab."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "Keep separate NetBird identities side by side, for example work and personal accounts, or different management servers. Add, deregister, or delete profiles below.",
+        "description": "Intro paragraph on the Profiles settings tab explaining what profiles are for."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Add Profile",
+        "description": "Button on the Profiles settings tab to add a profile."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "Active",
+        "description": "Badge marking the currently active profile in the profiles table."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "No Profiles",
+        "description": "Title of the empty state when there are no profiles."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Create a profile to connect to a NetBird management server.",
+        "description": "Body of the no-profiles empty state."
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Load Settings Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when loading settings fails."
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "Save Settings Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when saving settings fails."
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "Debug Bundle Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when creating the debug bundle fails."
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "Settings sections",
+        "description": "Accessibility label for the Settings page's side navigation (list of section tabs)."
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "General",
+        "description": "Settings tab label: General. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "Network",
+        "description": "Settings tab label: Network. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "Security",
+        "description": "Settings tab label: Security. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profiles",
+        "description": "Settings tab label: Profiles. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH",
+        "description": "Settings tab label: SSH. Acronym — keep as-is."
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "Advanced",
+        "description": "Settings tab label: Advanced. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "Troubleshoot",
+        "description": "Settings tab label: Troubleshoot. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "About",
+        "description": "Settings tab label: About. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Update Available",
+        "description": "Settings tab label / badge shown when an update is available."
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "General",
+        "description": "Section heading on the General settings tab."
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "Connection",
+        "description": "Section heading for connection-related options on the General tab."
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "Connect on Startup",
+        "description": "Toggle label: connect automatically when the service starts."
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "Automatically establish a connection when the service starts.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the connect-on-startup toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "Desktop Notifications",
+        "description": "Toggle label: enable desktop notifications."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "Show desktop notifications for new updates and connection events.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the desktop-notifications toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "Launch NetBird UI at Login",
+        "description": "Toggle label: launch the NetBird UI at login."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "Start the NetBird interface automatically when you log in. This affects the graphical interface only, not the background service.",
+        "description": "Helper text clarifying autostart affects only the UI, not the background service."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "Autostart Change Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when changing the autostart setting fails."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "Stay Connected After Quitting",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "The connection stays up in the background after you close NetBird. It only stops when you disconnect it yourself.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "Display Language",
+        "description": "Label for the display-language picker."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "Choose the language for the NetBird interface.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the language picker."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "Search language…",
+        "description": "Placeholder in the language picker's search field."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "No languages match.",
+        "description": "Shown when no languages match the search."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "Management Server",
+        "description": "Label for the management-server selector."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "Connect to NetBird Cloud or your own self-hosted management server. Changes will reconnect the client.",
+        "description": "Helper text explaining Cloud vs self-hosted management server; warns that changes reconnect the client."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Cloud",
+        "description": "Option label for using NetBird Cloud as the management server."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "Self-hosted",
+        "description": "Option label for using a self-hosted management server. 'Self-hosted' is a common technical term."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443",
+        "description": "Example URL placeholder for the self-hosted server field. It is a sample URL — do not translate the URL itself."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "Please enter a valid URL, e.g., https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443",
+        "description": "Validation message for an invalid management-server URL. The example URL stays as-is."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Couldn't reach this server. Check the URL, or save anyway if you're sure it's correct.",
+        "description": "Soft warning when the management URL couldn't be reached; the user may save anyway."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "Switch to NetBird Cloud?",
+        "description": "Confirmation-dialog title for switching to NetBird Cloud."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "This disconnects your self-hosted server.\nYou may need to log in again.",
+        "description": "Confirmation body warning the self-hosted server will be disconnected. Contains a line break (\\n) — keep it."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "Switch to Cloud",
+        "description": "Confirm button for switching to Cloud. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "Connectivity",
+        "description": "Section heading for connectivity options on the Network tab."
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "Routing & DNS",
+        "description": "Section heading for routing and DNS options. 'DNS' is an acronym — keep it."
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "Reconnect on Network Change",
+        "description": "Toggle label: reconnect automatically on network change."
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "Monitor the network and automatically reconnect on changes such as Wi-Fi switching, Ethernet changes, or resume from sleep.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the network-change reconnect toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "Enable DNS",
+        "description": "Toggle label: enable DNS. 'DNS' — keep acronym."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "Apply NetBird-managed DNS settings to the host resolver.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the enable-DNS toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Enable Client Routes",
+        "description": "Toggle label: enable client routes."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Accept routes from other peers to reach their networks.",
+        "description": "Helper text for client routes (accept routes from other peers)."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Enable Server Routes",
+        "description": "Toggle label: enable server routes."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Advertise this host's local routes to other peers.",
+        "description": "Helper text for server routes (advertise this host's local routes to other peers)."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "Enable IPv6",
+        "description": "Toggle label: enable IPv6. 'IPv6' — keep as-is."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "Use IPv6 addressing for the NetBird overlay network.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the IPv6 toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "Firewall",
+        "description": "Section heading: Firewall."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "Encryption",
+        "description": "Section heading: Encryption."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "Block Inbound Traffic",
+        "description": "Toggle label: block inbound traffic."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "Reject unsolicited connections from peers to this device and any networks it routes. Outbound traffic is unaffected.",
+        "description": "Helper text for blocking inbound traffic."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "Block LAN Access",
+        "description": "Toggle label: block LAN access. 'LAN' — keep acronym."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "Prevent peers from reaching your local network or its devices when this device routes their traffic.",
+        "description": "Helper text for blocking LAN access."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "Enable Quantum-Resistance",
+        "description": "Toggle label: enable quantum-resistance."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "Add a post-quantum key exchange via Rosenpass on top of WireGuard®.",
+        "description": "Helper text: adds a post-quantum key exchange via Rosenpass on top of WireGuard®. 'Rosenpass' and 'WireGuard®' are product names — do not translate; keep the ® symbol."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "Enable Permissive Mode",
+        "description": "Toggle label: enable permissive mode (for quantum-resistance)."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "Allow connections to peers without quantum-resistance support.",
+        "description": "Helper text for permissive mode (allow peers without quantum-resistance support)."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "Server",
+        "description": "Section heading: Server (SSH settings)."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "Capabilities",
+        "description": "Section heading: Capabilities (SSH features)."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "Authentication",
+        "description": "Section heading: Authentication (SSH)."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "Enable SSH Server",
+        "description": "Toggle label: enable the SSH server."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "Run the NetBird SSH server on this host so other peers can connect to it.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the SSH server toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "Allow Root Login",
+        "description": "Toggle label: allow root login over SSH. 'root' is the Unix superuser account — keep as-is."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "Let peers sign in as the root user. Disable to require a non-privileged account.",
+        "description": "Helper text for allowing root login."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "Allow SFTP",
+        "description": "Toggle label: allow SFTP. 'SFTP' — keep acronym."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "Transfer files securely using native SFTP or SCP clients.",
+        "description": "Helper text about SFTP/SCP file transfer. Keep the acronyms."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "Local Port Forwarding",
+        "description": "Toggle label: local port forwarding."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "Let connecting peers tunnel local ports to services reachable from this host.",
+        "description": "Helper text for local port forwarding."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "Remote Port Forwarding",
+        "description": "Toggle label: remote port forwarding."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "Let connecting peers expose ports on this host back to their own machine.",
+        "description": "Helper text for remote port forwarding."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "Enable JWT Authentication",
+        "description": "Toggle label: enable JWT authentication. 'JWT' — keep acronym."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "Verify each SSH session against your IdP for user identity and audit. Disable to rely on network ACL policies only, useful when no IdP is available.",
+        "description": "Helper text for JWT auth. 'IdP' (identity provider) and 'ACL' are acronyms — keep them."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "JWT Cache TTL",
+        "description": "Label for the JWT cache time-to-live field. 'JWT' and 'TTL' — keep acronyms."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "How long this client caches a JWT before prompting again on outgoing SSH connections. Set to 0 to disable caching and authenticate on every connection.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the JWT cache TTL; mentions setting 0 to disable caching."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "Second(s)",
+        "description": "Unit suffix shown after the JWT TTL number field. The '(s)' marks an optional plural."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "Interface",
+        "description": "Section heading: Interface (network-interface settings)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "Security",
+        "description": "Section heading: Security (advanced)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "Name",
+        "description": "Field label for the WireGuard interface name."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "Use 1-15 letters, digits, dots, hyphens, or underscores.",
+        "description": "Validation message for the interface name (allowed characters)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "Must start with \"utun\" followed by a number (e.g. utun100).",
+        "description": "Validation message specific to macOS, where the name must start with 'utun' followed by a number. Keep 'utun' and the example."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "Port",
+        "description": "Field label: Port."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "Enter a port between {min} and {max}.",
+        "description": "Validation message for the port range. {min} and {max} are numbers; keep them."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "If set to 0, a random free port will be used.",
+        "description": "Helper text: 0 means a random free port is used."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU",
+        "description": "Field label: MTU. 'MTU' — keep acronym."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "Enter an MTU value between {min} and {max}.",
+        "description": "Validation message for the MTU range. {min} and {max} are numbers; keep them."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "Pre-shared Key",
+        "description": "Field label: Pre-shared Key."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "Optional WireGuard PSK for extra symmetric encryption. Not the same as a NetBird Setup Key. You will only communicate with peers that use the same pre-shared key.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the WireGuard PSK. 'WireGuard', 'PSK', and 'NetBird Setup Key' are product/technical terms — keep them."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "Debug bundle",
+        "description": "Section heading: Debug bundle."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "Anonymize Sensitive Information",
+        "description": "Label for the anonymization level dropdown (None, Default, Strict)."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "Hides IP addresses, domains, and other sensitive values.",
+        "description": "Helper text under the anonymization dropdown. The level details live in the info tooltip."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "Default keeps internal IPv4 addresses and peer names readable for support. Strict additionally anonymizes private (RFC 1918), CGNAT, and link-local IP addresses, peer names, and WireGuard public keys. Recurring values map to the same placeholder, so peers stay distinguishable. Use Strict when sharing the bundle outside your organization.",
+        "description": "Info tooltip explaining the anonymization levels. 'RFC 1918', 'CGNAT', 'link-local', and 'WireGuard' are technical terms — keep them."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "None",
+        "description": "Dropdown option: no anonymization."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "Default",
+        "description": "Dropdown option: default anonymization level."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "Strict",
+        "description": "Dropdown option: strict anonymization level."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "Include System Information",
+        "description": "Toggle label: include system information in the bundle."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "Include OS, kernel, network interfaces, and routing tables.",
+        "description": "Helper text listing the system info included (OS, kernel, interfaces, routing tables)."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "Upload Bundle to NetBird Servers",
+        "description": "Toggle label: upload the bundle to NetBird servers."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "Returns an upload key to share with NetBird support.",
+        "description": "Helper text for uploading the bundle."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "Enable Trace Logs",
+        "description": "Toggle label: raise daemon log level to TRACE while the bundle is built. 'TRACE' is a log level."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "Raises the log level to TRACE and restores it after.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the trace toggle. 'TRACE' is a log level — keep as-is."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "Capture Session",
+        "description": "Toggle label: open a capture session — reconnect NetBird, wait a duration, optionally record packets."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "Reconnects and waits so you can reproduce the issue.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the master Capture Session toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "Capture Network Packets",
+        "description": "Toggle label: capture packets to a .pcap during the capture session."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "Saves a .pcap of network traffic during the capture window.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the packet recording toggle. '.pcap' is a file extension — keep it."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "Capture Duration",
+        "description": "Label for the trace-capture duration field."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "How long the capture session runs.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the capture duration."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "Minute(s)",
+        "description": "Unit suffix after the duration field. The '(s)' marks an optional plural."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "Create Bundle",
+        "description": "Button to create the debug bundle. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "Collecting logs, system details, and connection state. This usually takes a moment. You can keep using NetBird or close Settings while it finishes.",
+        "description": "Status text shown while the debug bundle is being collected; reassures the user they can keep using NetBird or close Settings meanwhile."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Canceling…",
+        "description": "Status shown while cancelling bundle creation. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "Debug bundle successfully uploaded!",
+        "description": "Success title after the bundle was uploaded."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "Bundle saved",
+        "description": "Title shown when the bundle was saved locally (not uploaded)."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "Share the upload key below with <docs>NetBird support</docs>. A local copy was also saved on your device.",
+        "description": "Body after upload, telling the user to share the upload key with support. '<docs>…</docs>' wraps the inline link to the NetBird support docs — keep the tags exactly and wrap the phrase that means 'NetBird support'."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "Your debug bundle has been saved locally.",
+        "description": "Body shown when the bundle was only saved locally."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "Copy Key",
+        "description": "Button to copy the upload key. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "Open Folder",
+        "description": "Button to open the folder containing the bundle. Keep short."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "Open file location",
+        "description": "Button to reveal the bundle file in the OS file manager."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "Upload failed: {reason} The bundle is still saved locally.",
+        "description": "Shown when upload failed but the bundle was saved locally. {reason} is the server error text; keep it."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "Upload failed. The bundle is still saved locally.",
+        "description": "Shown when upload failed (no specific reason) but the bundle was saved locally."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "Reconnecting NetBird…",
+        "description": "Progress stage: reconnecting NetBird. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "Capturing debug logs",
+        "description": "Progress stage: capturing logs. {elapsed} and {total} are time values (e.g. 0:30 / 2:00); keep both."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "Generating debug bundle…",
+        "description": "Progress stage: generating the debug bundle. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "Uploading to NetBird…",
+        "description": "Progress stage: uploading to NetBird. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Canceling…",
+        "description": "Progress stage: cancelling. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client v{version}",
+        "description": "About tab: client product name and version. {version} is a version number; keep it. 'NetBird Client' — keep brand."
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client",
+        "description": "About tab: the client product name shown when no version is available. Brand — do not translate."
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[Development]",
+        "description": "Badge shown next to the version on development builds. Keep the square brackets."
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}",
+        "description": "About tab: UI component name and version. {version} is a version number; keep it. 'GUI' = the graphical app."
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI",
+        "description": "About tab: the UI component name shown without a version. 'GUI' = the graphical app."
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. All Rights Reserved.",
+        "description": "Copyright line. {year} is the current year; keep it. 'NetBird' — brand."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "Imprint",
+        "description": "Footer link: Imprint (legal notice / Impressum)."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "Privacy",
+        "description": "Footer link: Privacy policy."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA",
+        "description": "Footer link: CLA (Contributor License Agreement). Acronym — keep as-is."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "Terms of Service",
+        "description": "Footer link: Terms of Service."
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub",
+        "description": "Community link: GitHub. Brand — do not translate."
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack",
+        "description": "Community link: Slack. Brand — do not translate."
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "Forum",
+        "description": "Community link: Forum."
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentation",
+        "description": "Community link: Documentation."
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "Feedback",
+        "description": "Community link: Feedback."
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} is ready to install.",
+        "description": "Update banner text when a new version is ready to install. {version} is the version number; keep it."
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "Later",
+        "description": "Banner button to postpone the update. Keep short."
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "Install now",
+        "description": "Banner button to install the update now. Keep short."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "Version {version} is available for download.",
+        "description": "Update card text when a version is available to download. {version} is the version number; keep it."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "Version {version} is available for install.",
+        "description": "Update card text when a version is available to install. {version} is the version number; keep it."
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "What's new?",
+        "description": "Link / label that opens the release notes."
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "Install Now",
+        "description": "Update card button: install now. Keep short."
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "Download",
+        "description": "Update card button: download the installer."
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "NetBird checks for updates in the background.",
+        "description": "Note that NetBird checks for updates in the background."
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "Changelog",
+        "description": "Link / label: Changelog."
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "You're on the latest version",
+        "description": "Shown when the client is already up to date."
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "Update Available",
+        "description": "Tooltip on the header update badge."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "Updating NetBird to v{version}",
+        "description": "Heading in the install-progress window while updating to a specific version. {version} is the version number; keep it. The 'v' prefix is part of the version display."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "Updating NetBird",
+        "description": "Heading in the install-progress window while updating when the target version isn't known."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "A newer version is available and is being installed. NetBird will restart automatically once the update is finished.",
+        "description": "Install-progress window body explaining NetBird will restart automatically after the update."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "Update Is Taking Too Long",
+        "description": "Install-progress window error title: the update took too long."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "Installing {target} took too long and didn't finish.",
+        "description": "Install-progress window error body for a timeout. {target} is the target-version label (see update.overlay.error.targetVersion / targetFallback); keep it."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "Update Was Stopped",
+        "description": "Install-progress window error title: the update was stopped / canceled."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "The update to {target} was canceled before it finished.",
+        "description": "Install-progress window error body for a canceled update. {target} is the target-version label; keep it."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "Couldn't Install the Update",
+        "description": "Install-progress window error title: the update couldn't be installed."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "{target} couldn't be installed.",
+        "description": "Install-progress window error body for a failed install. {target} is the target-version label; keep it."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "unknown error",
+        "description": "Fallback text for an unspecified error, used inside other messages."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}",
+        "description": "The target-version label substituted into {target}. {version} is a number; keep the 'v' prefix."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "the new version",
+        "description": "Fallback target label used when the version isn't known, substituted into {target}."
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "Load Update State Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when loading update state fails."
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "Start Update Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when starting the update fails."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "Updating client to: {version}.",
+        "description": "Install-progress window text naming the target version. {version} is the version number; keep it."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "Updating client.",
+        "description": "Install-progress text used when the target version isn't known."
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "Your client version is older than the auto-update version set in Management.",
+        "description": "Note that the client is older than the auto-update version set in Management. 'Management' = the NetBird management server / console."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "Updating",
+        "description": "Install status: updating."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "Update timed out. Please try again.",
+        "description": "Install status: timed out; asks the user to retry."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "Update canceled.",
+        "description": "Install status: canceled."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "Update failed: {message}",
+        "description": "Install status: failed. {message} is the error detail; keep it."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "unknown update error",
+        "description": "Fallback text for an unknown update error, used inside update.page.status.failed."
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "Update Failed",
+        "description": "Heading shown when the install failed."
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "Update timed out.",
+        "description": "Message shown when the install timed out."
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "Please don't close this window.",
+        "description": "Warning asking the user not to close the install window."
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "Updating…",
+        "description": "Short status: updating. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "Update complete",
+        "description": "Short status: update complete."
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "Update failed",
+        "description": "Short status: update failed."
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "Settings",
+        "description": "OS window-chrome title for the Settings window. The app prefixes it with 'NetBird - '."
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "Sign-in",
+        "description": "OS window-chrome title for the sign-in window."
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "Session Expiring",
+        "description": "OS window-chrome title for the session-expiration window."
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "Updating",
+        "description": "OS window-chrome title for the update / install window."
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "Welcome to NetBird",
+        "description": "OS window-chrome title for the first-launch welcome window. 'NetBird' — brand."
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "Error",
+        "description": "OS window-chrome title for the error window."
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "Look for NetBird in your tray",
+        "description": "Heading on the first onboarding step, pointing the user to the tray icon. Shown on Windows and Linux; macOS uses welcome.titleMac."
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "Look for NetBird in your menu bar",
+        "description": "Heading on the first onboarding step on macOS, pointing the user to the menu bar icon. Use your language's Apple term for the macOS menu bar."
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "NetBird lives in your tray. Click the icon to connect, switch profiles, or open settings.",
+        "description": "Body of the first onboarding step explaining the tray icon. Shown on Windows and Linux; macOS uses welcome.descriptionMac."
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "NetBird lives in your menu bar. Click the icon to connect, switch profiles, or open settings.",
+        "description": "Body of the first onboarding step on macOS explaining the menu bar icon. Use your language's Apple term for the macOS menu bar."
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "Continue",
+        "description": "Primary button to advance the onboarding. Keep short."
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "Back",
+        "description": "Button to go back a step in onboarding. Keep short."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "Set up NetBird",
+        "description": "Heading on the onboarding step for choosing a management server."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "Click Continue to get started, or pick Self-hosted if you have your own NetBird server.",
+        "description": "Body of the management step; mentions choosing Self-hosted if the user runs their own server."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud",
+        "description": "Option title: NetBird Cloud. Brand — do not translate 'NetBird Cloud'."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "Use our hosted service. No setup required.",
+        "description": "Option body for NetBird Cloud (hosted service, no setup required)."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "Self-hosted",
+        "description": "Option title: Self-hosted."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "Connect to your own management server.",
+        "description": "Option body for connecting to your own management server."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "Management server URL",
+        "description": "Field label for the management-server URL."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443",
+        "description": "Example URL placeholder. Sample URL — do not translate it."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "Please enter a valid URL, e.g., https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443",
+        "description": "Validation message for an invalid URL. The example URL stays as-is."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Couldn't reach this server. Check the URL or your network, then continue if you're sure it's correct.",
+        "description": "Soft warning when the server couldn't be reached during onboarding; the user may continue anyway."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "Checking…",
+        "description": "Status shown while checking the server URL. Ends with an ellipsis."
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "Complete login in your browser",
+        "description": "Heading telling the user to finish signing in via their browser."
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "We opened a browser tab so you can finish signing in. Not seeing it?",
+        "description": "Prompt asking whether the user doesn't see the opened browser tab."
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "Try again",
+        "description": "Button to re-open the browser sign-in page. Keep short."
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Open Browser Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when the browser couldn't be opened."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "Session expiring soon",
+        "description": "Heading warning the session will expire soon."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "Your session will expire",
+        "description": "Alternate, less-urgent heading: the session will expire."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "This device will disconnect soon. Renew with a browser sign-in.",
+        "description": "Body warning the device will disconnect soon; renew via a browser sign-in."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "A browser sign-in keeps this device connected to your network.",
+        "description": "Body for the less-urgent variant; a browser sign-in keeps the device connected."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "Renew session",
+        "description": "Button to renew the session (keep connected). Keep short."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "Authenticate",
+        "description": "Button to authenticate / sign in. Keep short."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "Logout",
+        "description": "Button to log out. Keep short."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "Session expired",
+        "description": "Heading shown once the session has actually expired."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "Device disconnected. Authenticate with a browser sign-in to reconnect.",
+        "description": "Body shown after expiry; authenticate via a browser sign-in to reconnect."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "Close",
+        "description": "Close button on the session window. Keep short."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Extend Session Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when extending the session fails."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Logout Failed",
+        "description": "Error-dialog title when logging out fails."
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Search by name or IP",
+        "description": "Placeholder in the peers search field."
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "All",
+        "description": "Peers filter option: All. Keep short."
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "Online",
+        "description": "Peers filter option: Online. Keep short."
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "Offline",
+        "description": "Peers filter option: Offline. Keep short."
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "No peers available",
+        "description": "Title of the empty state when no peers are available."
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "You either don't have any peers available or have no access to any of them.",
+        "description": "Body of the no-peers empty state."
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "Domain",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: Domain."
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "NetBird IP",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: NetBird IP address. 'NetBird' — brand; 'IP' — keep acronym."
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "NetBird IPv6",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: NetBird IPv6 address. Keep 'NetBird' and 'IPv6'."
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "Public key",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: WireGuard public key."
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "Connection",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: Connection."
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "Latency",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: Latency."
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "Last handshake",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: time of the last WireGuard handshake."
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "Last connection update",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: time since the last connection-status update."
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "Bytes",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: Bytes (data transferred)."
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "Sent",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: bytes sent."
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "Received",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: bytes received."
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "Local ICE",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: local ICE candidate. 'ICE' — keep acronym."
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "Remote ICE",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: remote ICE candidate. 'ICE' — keep acronym."
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "Never",
+        "description": "Value shown when an event has never happened (e.g. last handshake = Never)."
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "Just now",
+        "description": "Relative-time value meaning a moment ago."
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "Refresh",
+        "description": "Button to refresh peer details. Keep short."
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Connected",
+        "description": "Peer status: connected."
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Connecting",
+        "description": "Peer status: connecting."
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Disconnected",
+        "description": "Peer status: disconnected."
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "Relay",
+        "description": "Peer detail label: Relay (relay-server address)."
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "Resources",
+        "description": "Peer detail label for the peer's network resources. Labelled 'Resources' in the UI."
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "Relayed",
+        "description": "Connection-type value: the connection is relayed (not direct). Technical term."
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P",
+        "description": "Connection-type value: peer-to-peer (direct). 'P2P' — keep as-is."
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass enabled",
+        "description": "Peer detail indicating Rosenpass (quantum-resistance) is enabled. 'Rosenpass' — product name, do not translate."
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Search by network or domain",
+        "description": "Placeholder in the resources search field."
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "All",
+        "description": "Resources filter: All. Keep short."
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "Active",
+        "description": "Resources filter: Active. Keep short."
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "Overlapping",
+        "description": "Resources filter: Overlapping (overlapping IP ranges). Keep short."
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "No resources available",
+        "description": "Title of the empty state when no resources are available."
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "You either don't have any network resources available or have no access to any of them.",
+        "description": "Body of the no-resources empty state."
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "Selected",
+        "description": "Label / badge: the resource is selected (enabled)."
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "Not selected",
+        "description": "Label / badge: the resource is not selected."
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "Resolved IPs",
+        "description": "Heading for the list of a resource's resolved IP addresses."
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{selected} of {total} Active",
+        "description": "Header showing how many resources are active. {selected} and {total} are numbers; keep both."
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "Enable all",
+        "description": "Button to enable all resources. Keep short."
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "Disable all",
+        "description": "Button to disable all resources. Keep short."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Search exit nodes",
+        "description": "Placeholder in the exit-nodes search field."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "None",
+        "description": "Option meaning no exit node. Keep short."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "No exit nodes available",
+        "description": "Title of the empty state when no exit nodes are available."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "No exit nodes have been shared with this peer.",
+        "description": "Body of the no-exit-nodes empty state."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "Exit Node",
+        "description": "Card heading: Exit Node."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "Active",
+        "description": "Exit node card status: Active."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "Inactive",
+        "description": "Exit node card status: Inactive."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "None",
+        "description": "Dropdown option title: None (no exit node)."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "Direct connection without an exit node",
+        "description": "Dropdown option body for None: direct connection without an exit node."
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "Connect",
+        "description": "Quick-action button: Connect. Keep short."
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Disconnect",
+        "description": "Quick-action button: Disconnect. Keep short."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Service Is Not Running",
+        "description": "Title of the overlay shown when the NetBird background service isn't running."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "The app will reconnect automatically once the service is running.",
+        "description": "Body reassuring the user the app will reconnect once the service is running."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "Documentation",
+        "description": "Documentation link on the daemon-unavailable overlay."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client Is Outdated",
+        "description": "Title of the overlay shown when the NetBird client (daemon) is too old to drive this UI."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "The new GUI isn't compatible with the older NetBird client. Update your client to use the new application.",
+        "description": "Body of the daemon-outdated overlay explaining that the GUI is newer than the client and the client must be updated."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "Download Latest",
+        "description": "Button on the daemon-outdated overlay that opens the download page for the latest release."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "Sign-in failed: this device's clock is out of sync with the server. Please sync your system clock and try again.",
+        "description": "Sign-in error shown to the user: the device clock is out of sync with the server."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "Your sign-in token has expired. Please sign in again.",
+        "description": "Sign-in error: the sign-in token expired; sign in again."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "Sign-in failed: the token signature is invalid. Please contact your administrator.",
+        "description": "Sign-in error: the token signature is invalid; contact the administrator."
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "Your session has expired. Please sign in again.",
+        "description": "Error: the session expired; sign in again."
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "The setup key is missing or invalid.",
+        "description": "Error: the setup key is missing or invalid. 'setup key' is a NetBird term."
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "Sign-in was rejected by the server.",
+        "description": "Error: the server rejected the sign-in."
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "The NetBird daemon is not responding. Please check that the service is running.",
+        "description": "Error: the NetBird background service isn't responding. 'daemon' = the background service."
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "Operation failed.",
+        "description": "Generic fallback error message used when no specific error applies."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "NetBird could not ask this system for the privileges the change needs. Run this instead:",
+        "description": "Error: this computer has no way to prompt for elevated privileges. Followed by a copyable command that applies the setting from a terminal."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "The change could not be applied with elevated privileges. Run this instead:",
+        "description": "Error: the authorization succeeded but applying the setting afterwards failed. Followed by a copyable command that applies the setting from a terminal."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "root",
+        "description": "Fills {actor} in the settings.ssh.privilege.* messages on Linux, macOS and BSD, where the daemon requires the root account. 'root' is an account name and stays as it is; add the word for privileges or rights around it if the sentence needs one to read naturally."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "administrator privileges",
+        "description": "Fills {actor} in the settings.ssh.privilege.* messages on Windows, where the daemon requires an elevated administrator. The Windows term for the rights an account is asked to elevate to."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "Requires {actor}. Run this instead:",
+        "description": "Help text under an SSH setting the user cannot change: it needs elevated privileges. {actor} is 'root' on Linux/macOS or 'administrator privileges' on Windows. Followed by a copyable command."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "You can switch this off, but switching it back on needs {actor}.",
+        "description": "Help text under an SSH setting that is already on: an unprivileged user may switch it off freely, and switching it on again is what needs the privileges. No command follows, since the direction they can take is theirs to take. {actor} is 'root' on Linux/macOS or 'administrator privileges' on Windows."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "You can switch this on, but switching it back off needs {actor}.",
+        "description": "Same as settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay, for the SSH authentication setting once it has been switched off: switching it off again is what needs the privileges."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "Waiting for authorization…",
+        "description": "Replaces the help text under a guarded SSH setting while the authorization prompt is open, which can take a few seconds to appear. Keep the trailing ellipsis."
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/es/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/es/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41872d7a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/es/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Desconectado"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "No está en ejecución"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "Error"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Conectado"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Conectando"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "Inicio de sesión requerido"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "Error al iniciar sesión"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "Sesión expirada"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "La sesión expira en {remaining}"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "menos de un minuto"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 minuto"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} minutos"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 hora"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} horas"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 día"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} días"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Abrir NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "Conectar"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Desconectar"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Nodo de salida"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "Recursos"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "Perfiles"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Gestionar perfiles"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Configuración..."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "Crear paquete de diagnóstico"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "Ayuda y soporte"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentación"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "Solucionar problemas"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "Descargar la última versión"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "Instalar la versión {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "Daemon: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "Salir de NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "El servicio de NetBird está desactualizado"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "Actualice el servicio de NetBird para usar esta aplicación."
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "Actualización de NetBird disponible"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} está disponible."
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " Su administrador requiere esta actualización."
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "Error"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "Error al conectar"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Error al desconectar"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Error al cambiar a {profile}"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Error al actualizar el nodo de salida {name}"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "Sesión de NetBird expirada"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "Su sesión de NetBird ha expirado. Inicie sesión de nuevo."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "La sesión expira pronto"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "Su sesión de NetBird expira en {remaining}. Haga clic en Renovar ahora para renovarla."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "Su sesión de NetBird está a punto de expirar. Haga clic en Renovar ahora para renovarla."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "Renovar ahora"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "Descartar"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "Error al renovar la sesión de NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "Sesión de NetBird renovada"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "Su sesión se ha renovado."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "Plazo de sesión rechazado"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "El servidor envió un plazo de sesión no válido. Inicie sesión de nuevo."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "Configuración de NetBird actualizada"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "Su configuración de NetBird fue actualizada por su política de TI."
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "Cancelar"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "Guardar"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "Guardar cambios"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "Guardando…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "Cerrar"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "Copiar"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "Mostrar u ocultar la contraseña"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "Aumentar"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "Disminuir"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "Eliminar"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "Crear"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "Añadir"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "Quitar"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "Actualizar"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "Cargando…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "No se encontraron resultados"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "No se encontraron resultados. Pruebe con otro término de búsqueda o cambie los filtros."
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "Desconectado"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "Conéctese primero a NetBird para ver información detallada sobre sus peers, recursos de red y nodos de salida."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Desconectado"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Conectando..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Conectado"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "Desconectando..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Daemon no disponible"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "Inicio de sesión requerido"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al iniciar sesión"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al conectar"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al desconectar"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "Peers"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{connected} de {total} conectados"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "Recursos"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{active} de {total} activos"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "Nodos de salida"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "Inactivo"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "Vía {name}"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "Abrir configuración"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "Mostrar u ocultar el panel lateral"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "Cargando..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "Sin perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "Buscar perfil por nombre..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "No se encontraron perfiles"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Pruebe con otro término de búsqueda o cree un perfil nuevo."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "Nuevo perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "Más opciones"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "Anular registro"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "Eliminar"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "Cambiar a este perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "Editar"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "Editar perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "Guardar cambios"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Introduzca el nombre del perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "Nombre del perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "Asigne un nombre fácil de identificar a su perfil."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "p. ej. trabajo"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "Añadir perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "Introduzca un nombre de perfil, p. ej. trabajo, casa"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "Use NetBird Cloud o su propio servidor."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "No se pudo contactar con este servidor. Compruebe la URL o añada el perfil de todos modos si está seguro de que es correcta."
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Configuración..."
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "Vista predeterminada"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "Vista avanzada"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Actualización disponible"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Abrir menú"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "Cambiar de perfil"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "Conmutar conexión NetBird"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "Direcciones IP locales"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "Buscar"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "Filtrar"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "Seleccionar nodo de salida"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "Abrir detalles de {name}, {status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Detalles del par"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "Conmutar {name}"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "Conmutar todos los recursos visibles"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "¿Cambiar el perfil a «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "¿Seguro que desea cambiar de perfil?\nSu perfil actual se desconectará."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "Confirmar"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "¿Anular el registro del perfil «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "¿Seguro que desea anular el registro de este perfil?\nDeberá iniciar sesión de nuevo para usarlo."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "Anular registro"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "¿Eliminar el perfil «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "¿Seguro que desea eliminar este perfil?\nEsta acción no se puede deshacer."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "Los perfiles activos no se pueden eliminar. Cambie a otro antes de eliminar este perfil."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "El perfil predeterminado no se puede eliminar."
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al cambiar de perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al anular el registro del perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al eliminar el perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al crear el perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al editar el perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al cargar los perfiles"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "Perfil activo"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Cambiar de perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "Otro"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Añadir perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Gestionar perfiles"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "Configuración"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "Perfiles"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "Mantenga identidades de NetBird independientes en paralelo, por ejemplo cuentas de trabajo y personales, o distintos servidores de gestión. Añada, anule el registro o elimine perfiles a continuación."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Añadir perfil"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "Activo"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Sin perfiles"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Cree un perfil para conectarse a un servidor de gestión de NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al cargar la configuración"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al guardar la configuración"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "Error en el paquete de diagnóstico"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "Secciones de configuración"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "General"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "Red"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "Seguridad"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "Perfiles"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "Avanzado"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "Solución de problemas"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "Acerca de"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Actualización disponible"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "General"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "Conexión"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "Conectar al iniciar"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "Establece una conexión automáticamente cuando se inicia el servicio."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "Notificaciones de escritorio"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "Muestra notificaciones de escritorio para nuevas actualizaciones y eventos de conexión."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "Iniciar la interfaz de NetBird al iniciar sesión"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "Inicia la interfaz de NetBird automáticamente al iniciar sesión. Esto afecta solo a la interfaz gráfica, no al servicio en segundo plano."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al cambiar el inicio automático"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "Permanecer conectado al salir",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "La conexión sigue activa en segundo plano después de cerrar NetBird. Solo se detiene cuando la desconectas tú.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "Idioma de la interfaz"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "Elija el idioma de la interfaz de NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "Buscar idioma…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "Ningún idioma coincide."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "Servidor de gestión"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "Conéctese a NetBird Cloud o a su propio servidor de gestión autoalojado. Los cambios reconectarán el cliente."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "Autoalojado"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "Introduzca una URL válida, p. ej., https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "No se pudo contactar con este servidor. Compruebe la URL o guarde de todos modos si está seguro de que es correcta."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "¿Cambiar a NetBird Cloud?"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "Esto desconecta su servidor autoalojado.\nEs posible que deba iniciar sesión de nuevo."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "Cambiar a Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "Conectividad"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "Enrutamiento y DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "Reconectar al cambiar de red"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "Monitoriza la red y reconecta automáticamente ante cambios como cambios de Wi-Fi, cambios de Ethernet o la reanudación tras la suspensión."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "Habilitar DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "Aplica la configuración de DNS gestionada por NetBird al resolutor del host."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Habilitar rutas de cliente"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Acepta rutas de otros peers para alcanzar sus redes."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Habilitar rutas de servidor"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Anuncia las rutas locales de este host a otros peers."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "Habilitar IPv6"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "Usa direccionamiento IPv6 para la red superpuesta de NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "Cortafuegos"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "Cifrado"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "Bloquear tráfico entrante"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "Rechaza conexiones no solicitadas de peers hacia este dispositivo y cualquier red que enrute. El tráfico saliente no se ve afectado."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "Bloquear acceso a la LAN"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "Impide que los peers alcancen su red local o sus dispositivos cuando este dispositivo enruta su tráfico."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "Habilitar resistencia cuántica"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "Añade un intercambio de claves poscuántico mediante Rosenpass sobre WireGuard®."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "Habilitar modo permisivo"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "Permite conexiones con peers sin compatibilidad con resistencia cuántica."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "Servidor"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "Capacidades"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "Autenticación"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "Habilitar el servidor SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "Ejecuta el servidor SSH de NetBird en este host para que otros peers puedan conectarse a él."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "Permitir inicio de sesión como root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "Permite que los peers inicien sesión como usuario root. Desactívelo para exigir una cuenta sin privilegios."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "Permitir SFTP"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "Transfiere archivos de forma segura mediante clientes SFTP o SCP nativos."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "Reenvío de puertos local"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "Permite que los peers conectados tunelicen puertos locales hacia servicios accesibles desde este host."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "Reenvío de puertos remoto"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "Permite que los peers conectados expongan puertos de este host de vuelta a su propia máquina."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "Habilitar autenticación JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "Verifica cada sesión SSH contra su IdP para la identidad del usuario y la auditoría. Desactívelo para basarse solo en las políticas de ACL de red, útil cuando no hay ningún IdP disponible."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "TTL de la caché JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "Cuánto tiempo almacena en caché este cliente un JWT antes de volver a solicitarlo en conexiones SSH salientes. Establézcalo en 0 para desactivar la caché y autenticar en cada conexión."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "s"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "Interfaz"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "Seguridad"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "Nombre"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "Use de 1 a 15 letras, dígitos, puntos, guiones o guiones bajos."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "Debe empezar por \"utun\" seguido de un número (p. ej. utun100)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "Puerto"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "Introduzca un puerto entre {min} y {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "Si se establece en 0, se usará un puerto libre aleatorio."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "Introduzca un valor de MTU entre {min} y {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "Clave precompartida"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "PSK de WireGuard opcional para cifrado simétrico adicional. No es lo mismo que una clave de instalación de NetBird. Solo se comunicará con peers que usen la misma clave precompartida."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "Paquete de diagnóstico"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "Anonimizar información sensible"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "Oculta direcciones IP, dominios y otros valores sensibles."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "El modo predeterminado mantiene legibles las direcciones IPv4 internas y los nombres de los peers para el soporte. El modo estricto anonimiza además las direcciones IP privadas (RFC 1918), CGNAT y de enlace local, los nombres de los peers y las claves públicas de WireGuard. Los valores recurrentes se asignan al mismo marcador de posición, por lo que los peers siguen siendo distinguibles. Use el modo estricto cuando comparta el paquete de diagnóstico fuera de su organización."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "Ninguno"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "Predeterminado"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "Estricto"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "Incluir información del sistema"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "Incluye el OS, el kernel, las interfaces de red y las tablas de enrutamiento."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "Subir el paquete a los servidores de NetBird"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "Devuelve una clave de subida para compartir con el soporte de NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "Activar registros de seguimiento"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "Eleva el nivel de registro a TRACE y lo restaura después."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "Sesión de captura"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "Vuelve a conectar y espera para que pueda reproducir el problema."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "Capturar paquetes de red"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "Guarda un .pcap del tráfico de red durante la sesión de captura."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "Duración de la captura"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "Cuánto tiempo se ejecuta la sesión de captura."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "min"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "Crear paquete"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "Recopilando registros, detalles del sistema y estado de la conexión. Esto suele tardar un momento; mantenga esta ventana abierta hasta que termine."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Cancelando…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "¡Paquete de diagnóstico subido correctamente!"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "Paquete guardado"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "Comparta la clave de subida de abajo con el <docs>soporte de NetBird</docs>. También se guardó una copia local en su dispositivo."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "Su paquete de diagnóstico se ha guardado localmente."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "Copiar clave"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "Abrir carpeta"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "Abrir ubicación del archivo"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "Error en la subida: {reason} El paquete sigue guardado localmente."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "Error en la subida. El paquete sigue guardado localmente."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "Reconectando NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "Capturando registros de depuración"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "Generando el paquete de diagnóstico…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "Subiendo a NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Cancelando…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[Desarrollo]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. Todos los derechos reservados."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "Aviso legal"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "Privacidad"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "Términos del servicio"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "Foro"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentación"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "Comentarios"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} está listo para instalar."
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "Más tarde"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "Instalar ahora"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "La versión {version} está disponible para descargar."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "La versión {version} está disponible para instalar."
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "¿Qué hay de nuevo?"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "Instalar ahora"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "Descargar"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "NetBird busca actualizaciones en segundo plano."
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "Registro de cambios"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "Tiene la última versión"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "Actualización disponible"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "Actualizando NetBird a v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "Actualizando NetBird"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "Hay una versión más reciente disponible y se está instalando. NetBird se reiniciará automáticamente cuando finalice la actualización."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "La actualización está tardando demasiado"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "La instalación de {target} tardó demasiado y no finalizó."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "La actualización se detuvo"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "La actualización a {target} se canceló antes de finalizar."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "No se pudo instalar la actualización"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "No se pudo instalar {target}."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "error desconocido"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "la nueva versión"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al cargar el estado de la actualización"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al iniciar la actualización"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "Actualizando el cliente a: {version}."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "Actualizando el cliente."
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "La versión de su cliente es anterior a la versión de actualización automática configurada en Management."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "Actualizando"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "Se agotó el tiempo de la actualización. Inténtelo de nuevo."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "Actualización cancelada."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "Error en la actualización: {message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "error de actualización desconocido"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "Error en la actualización"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "Se agotó el tiempo de la actualización."
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "No cierre esta ventana."
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "Actualizando…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "Actualización completada"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "Error en la actualización"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "Configuración"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "Inicio de sesión"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "Sesión a punto de expirar"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "Actualizando"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "Bienvenido a NetBird"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "Error"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "Busque NetBird en su bandeja del sistema"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "Busque NetBird en su barra de menús"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "NetBird reside en su bandeja del sistema. Haga clic en el icono para conectarse, cambiar de perfil o abrir la configuración."
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "NetBird reside en su barra de menús. Haga clic en el icono para conectarse, cambiar de perfil o abrir la configuración."
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "Continuar"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "Atrás"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "Configurar NetBird"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "Haga clic en Continuar para empezar, o elija Autoalojado si tiene su propio servidor de NetBird."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "Use nuestro servicio alojado. No requiere configuración."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "Autoalojado"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "Conéctese a su propio servidor de gestión."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "URL del servidor de gestión"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "Introduzca una URL válida, p. ej., https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "No se pudo contactar con este servidor. Compruebe la URL o su red y, a continuación, continúe si está seguro de que es correcta."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "Comprobando…"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "Continúe en su navegador para completar el inicio de sesión"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "¿No ve la pestaña del navegador?"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "Reintentar"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al abrir el navegador"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "La sesión expira pronto"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "Su sesión expirará"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "Este dispositivo se desconectará pronto. Renuévela iniciando sesión en el navegador."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "Iniciar sesión en el navegador mantiene este dispositivo conectado a su red."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "Renovar sesión"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "Autenticar"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "Cerrar sesión"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "Sesión expirada"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "Dispositivo desconectado. Autentíquese iniciando sesión en el navegador para reconectar."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "Cerrar"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al renovar la sesión"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Error al cerrar sesión"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Buscar por nombre o IP"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Todos"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "En línea"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "Sin conexión"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "No hay peers disponibles"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "No tiene ningún peer disponible o no tiene acceso a ninguno de ellos."
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "Dominio"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "IP de NetBird"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "IPv6 de NetBird"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "Clave pública"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "Conexión"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "Latencia"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "Último handshake"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "Última actualización de la conexión"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "Bytes"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "Enviados"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "Recibidos"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "ICE local"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "ICE remoto"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "Nunca"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "Justo ahora"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "Actualizar"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Conectado"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Conectando"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Desconectado"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "Relay"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "Recursos"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "Retransmitida"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass habilitado"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Buscar por red o dominio"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Todos"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "Activos"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "Solapados"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "No hay recursos disponibles"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "No tiene ningún recurso de red disponible o no tiene acceso a ninguno de ellos."
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "Seleccionado"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "No seleccionado"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "IP resueltas"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{selected} de {total} activos"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "Habilitar todos"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "Deshabilitar todos"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Buscar nodos de salida"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "Ninguno"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "No hay nodos de salida disponibles"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "No se ha compartido ningún nodo de salida con este peer."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "Nodo de salida"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "Activo"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "Inactivo"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "Ninguno"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "Conexión directa sin nodo de salida"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "Conectar"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Desconectar"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "El servicio de NetBird no está en ejecución"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "La aplicación se reconectará automáticamente cuando el servicio esté en ejecución."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "Documentación"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client está desactualizado"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "La nueva GUI no es compatible con su cliente anterior. Actualice su cliente para usar la nueva aplicación."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "Descargar la última versión"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "Error al iniciar sesión: el reloj de este dispositivo no está sincronizado con el servidor. Sincronice el reloj del sistema e inténtelo de nuevo."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "Su token de inicio de sesión ha expirado. Inicie sesión de nuevo."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "Error al iniciar sesión: la firma del token no es válida. Póngase en contacto con su administrador."
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "Su sesión ha expirado. Inicie sesión de nuevo."
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "La clave de instalación falta o no es válida."
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "El servidor rechazó el inicio de sesión."
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "El daemon de NetBird no responde. Compruebe que el servicio esté en ejecución."
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "La operación falló."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "NetBird no pudo solicitar a este sistema los privilegios necesarios. Ejecute esto en su lugar:"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "No se pudo aplicar el cambio con privilegios elevados. Ejecute esto en su lugar:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "privilegios de root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "privilegios de administrador"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "Requiere {actor}. Ejecute esto en su lugar:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "Puede desactivarlo, pero volver a activarlo requiere {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "Puede activarlo, pero volver a desactivarlo requiere {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "Esperando la autorización…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/fr/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/fr/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..920ef8343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/fr/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Déconnecté"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Non démarré"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "Erreur"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Connecté"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Connexion"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "Connexion requise"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "Échec de la connexion"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "Session expirée"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "La session expire dans {remaining}"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "moins d’une minute"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 minute"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} minutes"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 heure"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} heures"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 jour"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} jours"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Ouvrir NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "Se connecter"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Se déconnecter"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Nœud de sortie"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "Ressources"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profils"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Gérer les profils"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Paramètres..."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "Créer un lot de diagnostic"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "Aide et assistance"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentation"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "Dépannage"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "Télécharger la dernière version"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "Installer la version {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI : {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "Daemon : {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "Quitter NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "Le service NetBird est obsolète"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "Mettez à jour le service NetBird pour utiliser cette application."
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour de NetBird disponible"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} est disponible."
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " Votre administrateur impose cette mise à jour."
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "Erreur"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "Échec de la connexion"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Échec de la déconnexion"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Échec du passage à {profile}"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Échec de la mise à jour du nœud de sortie {name}"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "Session NetBird expirée"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "Votre session NetBird a expiré. Veuillez vous reconnecter."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "La session expire bientôt"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "Votre session NetBird expire dans {remaining}. Cliquez sur Prolonger pour la renouveler."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "Votre session NetBird est sur le point d’expirer. Cliquez sur Prolonger pour la renouveler."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "Prolonger"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "Ignorer"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "Échec de la prolongation de la session NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "Session NetBird prolongée"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "Votre session a été renouvelée."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "Échéance de session rejetée"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "Le serveur a envoyé une échéance de session invalide. Veuillez vous reconnecter."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "Paramètres NetBird mis à jour"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "Votre configuration NetBird a été mise à jour par votre politique informatique."
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "Annuler"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "Enregistrer"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "Enregistrer les modifications"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "Enregistrement…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "Fermer"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "Copier"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "Afficher ou masquer le mot de passe"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "Augmenter"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "Diminuer"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "Supprimer"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "Créer"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "Ajouter"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "Retirer"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "Actualiser"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "Chargement…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "Aucun résultat trouvé"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "Nous n’avons trouvé aucun résultat. Essayez un autre terme de recherche ou modifiez vos filtres."
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "Déconnecté"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "Connectez-vous d’abord à NetBird pour consulter les informations détaillées sur vos pairs, vos ressources réseau et vos nœuds de sortie."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Déconnecté"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Connexion..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Connecté"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "Déconnexion..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Daemon indisponible"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "Connexion requise"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la connexion"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la connexion"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la déconnexion"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "Pairs"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{connected} sur {total} connectés"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "Ressources"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{active} sur {total} actives"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "Nœuds de sortie"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "Inactif"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "Via {name}"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "Ouvrir les paramètres"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "Afficher ou masquer le panneau latéral"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "Chargement..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "Aucun profil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "Rechercher un profil par nom..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Aucun profil trouvé"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Essayez un autre terme de recherche ou créez un nouveau profil."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "Nouveau profil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "Plus d’options"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "Désinscrire"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "Supprimer"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "Basculer vers ce profil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "Modifier"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "Modifier le profil"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "Enregistrer les modifications"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Saisir le nom du profil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "Nom du profil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "Choisissez un nom facilement identifiable pour votre profil."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "ex. travail"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "Ajouter un profil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "Veuillez saisir un nom de profil, ex. travail, domicile"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "Utilisez NetBird Cloud ou votre propre serveur."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Impossible de joindre ce serveur. Vérifiez l’URL, ou ajoutez le profil quand même si vous êtes sûr qu’elle est correcte."
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Paramètres..."
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "Vue par défaut"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "Vue avancée"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour disponible"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Ouvrir le menu"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "Changer de profil"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "Activer/désactiver la connexion NetBird"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "Adresses IP locales"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "Rechercher"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "Filtrer"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "Sélectionner un nœud de sortie"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "Ouvrir les détails pour {name}, {status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Détails du pair"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "Activer/désactiver {name}"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "Activer/désactiver toutes les ressources visibles"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "Basculer vers le profil « {name} » ?"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "Voulez-vous vraiment changer de profil ?\nVotre profil actuel sera déconnecté."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "Confirmer"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "Désinscrire le profil « {name} » ?"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "Voulez-vous vraiment désinscrire ce profil ?\nVous devrez vous reconnecter pour l’utiliser."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "Désinscrire"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "Supprimer le profil « {name} » ?"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "Voulez-vous vraiment supprimer ce profil ?\nCette action est irréversible."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "Les profils actifs ne peuvent pas être supprimés. Basculez vers un autre profil avant de supprimer celui-ci."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "Le profil par défaut ne peut pas être supprimé."
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec du changement de profil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la désinscription du profil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la suppression du profil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la création du profil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la modification du profil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec du chargement des profils"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "Profil actif"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Changer de profil"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "Autre"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Ajouter un profil"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Gérer les profils"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "Paramètres"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profils"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "Conservez plusieurs identités NetBird côte à côte, par exemple des comptes professionnels et personnels, ou différents serveurs de gestion. Ajoutez, désinscrivez ou supprimez des profils ci-dessous."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Ajouter un profil"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "Actif"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Aucun profil"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Créez un profil pour vous connecter à un serveur de gestion NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec du chargement des paramètres"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de l’enregistrement des paramètres"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec du lot de diagnostic"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "Sections des paramètres"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "Général"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "Réseau"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "Sécurité"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profils"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "Avancé"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "Dépannage"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "À propos"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour disponible"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "Général"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "Connexion"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "Se connecter au démarrage"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "Établir automatiquement une connexion au démarrage du service."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "Notifications du bureau"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "Afficher des notifications du bureau pour les nouvelles mises à jour et les événements de connexion."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "Lancer l’interface NetBird à l’ouverture de session"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "Démarrer automatiquement l’interface NetBird à l’ouverture de votre session. Cela n’affecte que l’interface graphique, pas le service en arrière-plan."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la modification du démarrage automatique"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "Rester connecté après la fermeture",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "La connexion reste active en arrière-plan après la fermeture de NetBird. Elle ne s'arrête que si vous la coupez vous-même.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "Langue d’affichage"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "Choisissez la langue de l’interface NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "Rechercher une langue…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "Aucune langue ne correspond."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "Serveur de gestion"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "Connectez-vous à NetBird Cloud ou à votre propre serveur de gestion auto-hébergé. Les modifications reconnecteront le client."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "Auto-hébergé"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "Veuillez saisir une URL valide, ex. https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Impossible de joindre ce serveur. Vérifiez l’URL, ou enregistrez quand même si vous êtes sûr qu’elle est correcte."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "Basculer vers NetBird Cloud ?"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "Cela déconnecte votre serveur auto-hébergé.\nVous devrez peut-être vous reconnecter."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "Basculer vers Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "Connectivité"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "Routage et DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "Reconnecter en cas de changement de réseau"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "Surveiller le réseau et se reconnecter automatiquement lors de changements tels qu’un basculement Wi-Fi, une modification Ethernet ou une reprise après la mise en veille."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "Activer le DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "Appliquer les paramètres DNS gérés par NetBird au résolveur de l’hôte."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Activer les routes client"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Accepter les routes d’autres pairs pour atteindre leurs réseaux."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Activer les routes serveur"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Annoncer les routes locales de cet hôte aux autres pairs."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "Activer IPv6"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "Utiliser l’adressage IPv6 pour le réseau overlay NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "Pare-feu"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "Chiffrement"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "Bloquer le trafic entrant"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "Rejeter les connexions non sollicitées des pairs vers cet appareil et les réseaux qu’il route. Le trafic sortant n’est pas affecté."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "Bloquer l’accès au LAN"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "Empêcher les pairs d’atteindre votre réseau local ou ses appareils lorsque cet appareil route leur trafic."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "Activer la résistance quantique"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "Ajouter un échange de clés post-quantique via Rosenpass au-dessus de WireGuard®."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "Activer le mode permissif"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "Autoriser les connexions vers des pairs sans prise en charge de la résistance quantique."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "Serveur"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "Fonctionnalités"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "Authentification"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "Activer le serveur SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "Exécuter le serveur SSH NetBird sur cet hôte afin que d’autres pairs puissent s’y connecter."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "Autoriser la connexion en root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "Permettre aux pairs de se connecter en tant qu’utilisateur root. Désactivez pour exiger un compte non privilégié."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "Autoriser SFTP"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "Transférer des fichiers en toute sécurité à l’aide de clients SFTP ou SCP natifs."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "Redirection de port locale"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "Permettre aux pairs connectés de tunneliser des ports locaux vers des services accessibles depuis cet hôte."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "Redirection de port distante"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "Permettre aux pairs connectés d’exposer des ports de cet hôte vers leur propre machine."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "Activer l’authentification JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "Vérifier chaque session SSH auprès de votre IdP pour l’identité de l’utilisateur et l’audit. Désactivez pour vous appuyer uniquement sur les politiques ACL réseau, utile lorsqu’aucun IdP n’est disponible."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "TTL du cache JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "Durée pendant laquelle ce client met en cache un JWT avant de redemander lors des connexions SSH sortantes. Définissez 0 pour désactiver la mise en cache et vous authentifier à chaque connexion."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "s"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "Interface"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "Sécurité"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "Nom"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "Utilisez 1 à 15 lettres, chiffres, points, tirets ou traits de soulignement."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "Doit commencer par « utun » suivi d’un nombre (ex. utun100)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "Port"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "Saisissez un port compris entre {min} et {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "Si la valeur est 0, un port libre aléatoire sera utilisé."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "Saisissez une valeur MTU comprise entre {min} et {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "Clé pré-partagée"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "PSK WireGuard facultative pour un chiffrement symétrique supplémentaire. Différente d’une clé d’installation NetBird. Vous ne communiquerez qu’avec les pairs utilisant la même clé pré-partagée."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "Lot de diagnostic"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "Anonymiser les informations sensibles"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "Masque les adresses IP, les domaines et d'autres valeurs sensibles."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "Le mode par défaut garde les adresses IPv4 internes et les noms des pairs lisibles pour le support. Le mode strict anonymise en plus les adresses IP privées (RFC 1918), CGNAT et de lien local, les noms des pairs et les clés publiques WireGuard. Les valeurs récurrentes reçoivent le même espace réservé, les pairs restent donc distinguables. Utilisez le mode strict lorsque vous partagez le lot de diagnostic en dehors de votre organisation."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "Aucune"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "Par défaut"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "Strict"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "Inclure les informations système"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "Inclure l’OS, le noyau, les interfaces réseau et les tables de routage."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "Envoyer le lot aux serveurs NetBird"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "Renvoie une clé d’envoi à partager avec l’assistance NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "Activer les journaux trace"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "Élève le niveau de journalisation à TRACE, puis le rétablit ensuite."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "Session de capture"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "Se reconnecte et attend pour que vous puissiez reproduire le problème."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "Capturer les paquets réseau"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "Enregistre un .pcap du trafic réseau pendant la session de capture."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "Durée de capture"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "Durée d’exécution de la session de capture."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "min"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "Créer le lot"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "Collecte des journaux, des détails système et de l’état de connexion. Cela prend généralement un instant — gardez cette fenêtre ouverte jusqu’à la fin."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Annulation…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "Lot de diagnostic envoyé avec succès !"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "Lot enregistré"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "Partagez la clé d’envoi ci-dessous avec l’<docs>assistance NetBird</docs>. Une copie locale a également été enregistrée sur votre appareil."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "Votre lot de diagnostic a été enregistré localement."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "Copier la clé"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "Ouvrir le dossier"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "Ouvrir l’emplacement du fichier"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "Échec de l’envoi : {reason} Le lot reste enregistré localement."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "Échec de l’envoi. Le lot reste enregistré localement."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "Reconnexion de NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "Capture des journaux de débogage"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "Génération du lot de diagnostic…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "Envoi vers NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Annulation…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "Client NetBird v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "Client NetBird"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[Développement]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. Tous droits réservés."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "Mentions légales"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "Confidentialité"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "Conditions d’utilisation"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "Forum"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentation"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "Retour d’expérience"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} est prêt à être installé."
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "Plus tard"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "Installer maintenant"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "La version {version} est disponible au téléchargement."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "La version {version} est disponible à l’installation."
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "Quoi de neuf ?"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "Installer maintenant"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "Télécharger"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "NetBird vérifie les mises à jour en arrière-plan."
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "Journal des modifications"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "Vous utilisez la dernière version"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour disponible"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour de NetBird vers v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour de NetBird"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "Une version plus récente est disponible et en cours d’installation. NetBird redémarrera automatiquement une fois la mise à jour terminée."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "La mise à jour prend trop de temps"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "L’installation de {target} a pris trop de temps et ne s’est pas terminée."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "La mise à jour a été interrompue"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "La mise à jour vers {target} a été annulée avant de se terminer."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "Impossible d’installer la mise à jour"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "Impossible d’installer {target}."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "erreur inconnue"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "la nouvelle version"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec du chargement de l’état de mise à jour"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec du démarrage de la mise à jour"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour du client vers : {version}."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour du client."
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "La version de votre client est antérieure à la version de mise à jour automatique définie dans Management."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour en cours"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "La mise à jour a expiré. Veuillez réessayer."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour annulée."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "Échec de la mise à jour : {message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "erreur de mise à jour inconnue"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la mise à jour"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "La mise à jour a expiré."
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "Veuillez ne pas fermer cette fenêtre."
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour terminée"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "Échec de la mise à jour"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "Paramètres"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "Connexion"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "Expiration de session"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "Mise à jour"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "Bienvenue dans NetBird"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "Erreur"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "Cherchez NetBird dans votre barre d’état système"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "Cherchez NetBird dans votre barre des menus"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "NetBird se trouve dans votre barre d’état système. Cliquez sur l’icône pour vous connecter, changer de profil ou ouvrir les paramètres."
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "NetBird se trouve dans votre barre des menus. Cliquez sur l’icône pour vous connecter, changer de profil ou ouvrir les paramètres."
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "Continuer"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "Retour"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "Configurer NetBird"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "Cliquez sur Continuer pour commencer, ou choisissez Auto-hébergé si vous disposez de votre propre serveur NetBird."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "Utilisez notre service hébergé. Aucune configuration requise."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "Auto-hébergé"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "Connectez-vous à votre propre serveur de gestion."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "URL du serveur de gestion"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "Veuillez saisir une URL valide, ex. https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Impossible de joindre ce serveur. Vérifiez l’URL ou votre réseau, puis continuez si vous êtes sûr qu’elle est correcte."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "Vérification…"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "Continuez dans votre navigateur pour terminer la connexion"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "Vous ne voyez pas l’onglet du navigateur ?"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "Réessayer"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de l’ouverture du navigateur"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "La session expire bientôt"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "Votre session va expirer"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "Cet appareil sera bientôt déconnecté. Renouvelez via une connexion dans le navigateur."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "Une connexion dans le navigateur maintient cet appareil connecté à votre réseau."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "Renouveler la session"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "S’authentifier"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "Se déconnecter"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "Session expirée"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "Appareil déconnecté. Authentifiez-vous via une connexion dans le navigateur pour vous reconnecter."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "Fermer"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la prolongation de la session"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Échec de la déconnexion"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Rechercher par nom ou IP"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Tous"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "En ligne"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "Hors ligne"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Aucun pair disponible"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Soit vous n’avez aucun pair disponible, soit vous n’y avez pas accès."
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "Domaine"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "IP NetBird"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "IPv6 NetBird"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "Clé publique"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "Connexion"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "Latence"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "Dernier handshake"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "Dernière mise à jour de connexion"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "Octets"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "Envoyés"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "Reçus"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "ICE local"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "ICE distant"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "Jamais"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "À l’instant"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "Actualiser"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Connecté"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Connexion"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Déconnecté"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "Relais"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "Ressources"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "Relayée"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass activé"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Rechercher par réseau ou domaine"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Toutes"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "Actives"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "Chevauchantes"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Aucune ressource disponible"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Soit vous n’avez aucune ressource réseau disponible, soit vous n’y avez pas accès."
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "Sélectionnée"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "Non sélectionnée"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "IP résolues"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{selected} sur {total} actives"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "Tout activer"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "Tout désactiver"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Rechercher des nœuds de sortie"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "Aucun"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Aucun nœud de sortie disponible"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Aucun nœud de sortie n’a été partagé avec ce pair."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "Nœud de sortie"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "Actif"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "Inactif"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "Aucun"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "Connexion directe sans nœud de sortie"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "Se connecter"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Se déconnecter"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "Le service NetBird n’est pas en cours d’exécution"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "L’application se reconnectera automatiquement une fois le service en cours d’exécution."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "Documentation"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "Le Client NetBird est obsolète"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "La nouvelle GUI n'est pas compatible avec votre ancien client. Mettez à jour votre client pour utiliser la nouvelle application."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "Télécharger la dernière version"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "Échec de la connexion : l’horloge de cet appareil n’est pas synchronisée avec le serveur. Veuillez synchroniser l’horloge de votre système et réessayer."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "Votre jeton de connexion a expiré. Veuillez vous reconnecter."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "Échec de la connexion : la signature du jeton est invalide. Veuillez contacter votre administrateur."
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "Votre session a expiré. Veuillez vous reconnecter."
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "La clé d’installation est manquante ou invalide."
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "La connexion a été rejetée par le serveur."
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "Le daemon NetBird ne répond pas. Veuillez vérifier que le service est en cours d’exécution."
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "L’opération a échoué."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "NetBird n’a pas pu demander à ce système les privilèges nécessaires. Exécutez plutôt ceci :"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "La modification n’a pas pu être appliquée avec des privilèges élevés. Exécutez plutôt ceci :"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "les privilèges root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "les privilèges administrateur"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "Nécessite {actor}. Exécutez plutôt ceci :"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "Vous pouvez le désactiver, mais le réactiver nécessite {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "Vous pouvez l’activer, mais le désactiver de nouveau nécessite {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "En attente de l’autorisation…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/hu/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/hu/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82996e3d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/hu/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Lecsatlakozva"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Nem fut"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "Hiba"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozva"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "Bejelentkezés szükséges"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "Sikertelen bejelentkezés"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "Munkamenet lejárt"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "Munkamenet lejár {remaining} múlva"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "egy percnél kevesebb"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 perc"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} perc"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 óra"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} óra"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 nap"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} nap"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "NetBird megnyitása"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Bontás"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Exit Node"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "Erőforrások"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profilok"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Profilok kezelése"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Beállítások…"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "Hibakeresési csomag készítése"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "Súgó és támogatás"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "Dokumentáció"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "Hibakeresés"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "Legfrissebb verzió letöltése"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "{version} verzió telepítése"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "Daemon: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "NetBird bezárása"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "A NetBird szolgáltatás elavult"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "Frissítsd a NetBird szolgáltatást az alkalmazás használatához."
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird frissítés elérhető"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "Elérhető a NetBird {version}."
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " A rendszergazda kötelezővé tette ezt a frissítést."
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "Hiba"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás sikertelen"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Bontás sikertelen"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Átváltás sikertelen erre: {profile}"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Az Exit Node frissítése sikertelen: {name}"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird munkamenet lejárt"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "A NetBird munkamenet lejárt. Kérjük, jelentkezzen be újra."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "Munkamenet hamarosan lejár"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "A NetBird munkamenet {remaining} múlva lejár. Kattintson a Meghosszabbítás gombra a megújításhoz."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "A NetBird munkamenet hamarosan lejár. Kattintson a Meghosszabbítás gombra a megújításhoz."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "Meghosszabbítás"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "Elvetés"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "A NetBird munkamenet meghosszabbítása sikertelen"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "NetBird munkamenet meghosszabbítva"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "A munkamenet frissítve."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "Munkamenet-határidő elutasítva"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "A szerver érvénytelen munkamenet-határidőt küldött. Kérjük, jelentkezzen be újra."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird beállítások frissítve"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "A NetBird konfigurációt az IT-szabályzat frissítette."
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "Mégse"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "Mentés"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "Módosítások mentése"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "Mentés…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "Bezárás"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "Másolás"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "Jelszó láthatóságának váltása"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "Növelés"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "Csökkentés"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "Törlés"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "Létrehozás"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "Hozzáadás"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "Eltávolítás"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "Frissítés"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "Betöltés…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "Nincs találat"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "Nem találtunk eredményt. Próbáljon meg másik keresési kifejezést, vagy módosítsa a szűrőket."
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "Lecsatlakozva"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozzon először a NetBirdhöz, hogy részletes információkat láthasson a Peerekről, a hálózati erőforrásokról és az Exit Node-okról."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Lecsatlakozva"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozva"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "Lecsatlakozás…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Daemon nem elérhető"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "Bejelentkezés szükséges"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "Bejelentkezés sikertelen"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás sikertelen"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "Bontás sikertelen"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "Peerek"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{connected} / {total} csatlakoztatva"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "Erőforrások"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{active} / {total} aktív"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "Exit Node-ok"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "Nem aktív"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "Ezen át: {name}"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "Beállítások megnyitása"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "Oldalsó panel váltása"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "Betöltés…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "Nincs profil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "Profil keresése név alapján…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Nem található profil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Próbáljon más keresőkifejezést, vagy hozzon létre új profilt."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "Új profil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "További műveletek"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "Leválasztás"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "Profil törlése"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "Váltás erre a profilra"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "Szerkesztés"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "Profil szerkesztése"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "Módosítások mentése"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Új profil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "Profilnév"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "Adjon profiljának egy könnyen azonosítható nevet."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "pl. Munka"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "Profil hozzáadása"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "Adjon meg egy profilnevet, pl. Munka, Otthon"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud vagy saját kiszolgáló."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "A szerver nem érhető el. Ellenőrizze az URL-t, vagy adja hozzá a profilt, ha biztos benne, hogy helyes."
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Beállítások…"
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "Alapnézet"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "Speciális nézet"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Frissítés elérhető"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Menü megnyitása"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "Profilváltás"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "NetBird-kapcsolat be/ki"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "Helyi IP-címek"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "Keresés"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "Szűrés"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "Kilépőcsomópont kiválasztása"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "Részletek megnyitása: {name}, {status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Társ részletei"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "{name} be/ki"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "Összes látható erőforrás be/ki"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "Váltás a(z) \"{name}\" profilra?"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "Biztosan profilt szeretne váltani?\nAz aktuális profilja le lesz választva."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "Megerősítés"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "\"{name}\" profil leválasztása?"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "Biztosan le szeretné választani ezt a profilt?\nÚjra be kell jelentkeznie a használatához."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "Leválasztás"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "\"{name}\" profil törlése?"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "Biztosan törölni szeretné ezt a profilt?\nEz a művelet nem vonható vissza."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "Aktív profilok nem törölhetők. Váltson másik profilra, mielőtt törölné ezt."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "Az alapértelmezett profil nem törölhető."
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "Profilváltás sikertelen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "Leválasztás sikertelen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "Profil törlése sikertelen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "Profil létrehozása sikertelen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "Profil szerkesztése sikertelen"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Profilok betöltése sikertelen"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "Aktív profil"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Profilváltás"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "Egyéb"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Profil hozzáadása"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Profilok kezelése"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "Beállítások"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profilok"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "Kezeljen több NetBird-profilt párhuzamosan, például munkahelyi és személyes fiókokat, vagy különböző felügyeleti szervereket. Lent hozzáadhat, leválaszthat vagy törölhet profilokat."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Profil hozzáadása"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "Aktív"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Nincsenek profilok"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Hozzon létre egy profilt a NetBird felügyeleti szerverhez való csatlakozáshoz."
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Beállítások betöltése sikertelen"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "Beállítások mentése sikertelen"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "Hibakeresési csomag sikertelen"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "Beállítások szakaszai"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "Általános"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "Hálózat"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "Biztonság"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profilok"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "Speciális"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "Hibaelhárítás"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "Névjegy"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Frissítés elérhető"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "Általános"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "Kapcsolat"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás indításkor"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "A szolgáltatás indulásakor automatikusan kapcsolatot létesít."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "Asztali értesítések"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "Asztali értesítések megjelenítése új frissítésekről és kapcsolati eseményekről."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "NetBird UI indítása bejelentkezéskor"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "A NetBird felület automatikus indítása bejelentkezéskor. Ez csak a grafikus felületet érinti, a háttérszolgáltatást nem."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "Az automatikus indítás módosítása sikertelen"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "Kapcsolat megtartása kilépéskor",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "A kapcsolat a háttérben megmarad, miután bezárod a NetBirdöt. Csak akkor szakad meg, ha te magad bontod.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "Megjelenítési nyelv"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "Válassza ki a NetBird felület nyelvét."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "Nyelv keresése…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "Nincs találat."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "Felügyeleti szerver"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás a NetBird Cloudhoz vagy saját üzemeltetésű felügyeleti szerverhez. A módosítások újracsatlakozást váltanak ki."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Felhő"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "Saját üzemeltetésű"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "Adjon meg egy érvényes URL-t, pl. https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "A szerver nem érhető el. Ellenőrizze az URL-t, vagy mentse el, ha biztos benne, hogy helyes."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "Átváltás a NetBird Cloudra?"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "Ez leválasztja a saját üzemeltetésű kiszolgálót.\nLehet, hogy újra be kell jelentkeznie."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "Váltás a felhőre"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "Kapcsolódás"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "Útválasztás és DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "Újracsatlakozás hálózatváltáskor"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "A hálózat figyelése és automatikus újracsatlakozás változások (pl. Wi-Fi-váltás, Ethernet-változás vagy alvó állapotból való visszatérés) esetén."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "DNS engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "A NetBird által kezelt DNS-beállítások alkalmazása a gazda DNS-feloldójára."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Kliens útvonalak engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Más Peerek útvonalainak elfogadása a hálózataik eléréséhez."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Szerver útvonalak engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Ennek a gazdának a helyi útvonalainak meghirdetése más Peerek számára."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "IPv6 engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "IPv6-címzés használata a NetBird overlay hálózathoz."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "Tűzfal"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "Titkosítás"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "Bejövő forgalom blokkolása"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "Visszautasítja a Peerektől érkező nem kért kapcsolatokat ezen eszközhöz és az általa irányított hálózatokhoz. A kimenő forgalmat nem érinti."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "LAN-hozzáférés blokkolása"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "Megakadályozza, hogy a Peerek elérjék a helyi hálózatot vagy annak eszközeit, amikor ez az eszköz irányítja a forgalmukat."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "Kvantumellenálló titkosítás engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "Post-kvantum kulcscsere hozzáadása Rosenpass segítségével a WireGuard® tetejére."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "Engedékeny mód engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "Kapcsolatok engedélyezése kvantumellenálló titkosítás nélküli Peerekkel."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "Szerver"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "Képességek"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "Hitelesítés"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "SSH szerver engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "Futtassa a NetBird SSH szervert ezen a gazdán, hogy más Peerek csatlakozhassanak."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "Root bejelentkezés engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "A Peerek bejelentkezhetnek root felhasználóként. Tiltsa le, ha nem privilegizált fiók szükséges."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "SFTP engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "Fájlok biztonságos átvitele natív SFTP- vagy SCP-kliensekkel."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "Helyi porttovábbítás"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "A csatlakozó Peerek helyi portokat alagútba helyezhetnek erről a gazdáról elérhető szolgáltatásokhoz."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "Távoli porttovábbítás"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "A csatlakozó Peerek ezen a gazdán lévő portokat tehetnek elérhetővé a saját gépük számára."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "JWT-hitelesítés engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "Minden SSH-munkamenet ellenőrzése az IdP-vel a felhasználói identitás és audit céljából. Tiltsa le, ha csak a hálózati ACL-szabályokra kíván támaszkodni — hasznos, ha nincs elérhető IdP."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "JWT gyorsítótár TTL"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "Mennyi ideig őrzi meg a kliens a JWT-t, mielőtt újra kérné a kimenő SSH-kapcsolatoknál. 0 érték esetén a gyorsítótárazás kikapcsol, és minden kapcsolatnál hitelesít."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "másodperc"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "Interfész"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "Biztonság"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "Név"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "Használjon 1–15 betűt, számot, pontot, kötőjelet vagy aláhúzást."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "„utun” után számmal kezdődjön (pl. utun100)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "Port"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "Adjon meg egy portot {min} és {max} között."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "Ha 0-ra állítja, egy véletlenszerű szabad portot használ."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "Adjon meg egy MTU értéket {min} és {max} között."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "Pre-shared kulcs"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "Opcionális WireGuard PSK további szimmetrikus titkosításhoz. Nem azonos a NetBird telepítőkulccsal. Csak olyan Peerekkel kommunikál, akik ugyanazt a pre-shared kulcsot használják."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "Hibakeresési csomag"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "Érzékeny információk anonimizálása"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "Elrejti az IP-címeket, a tartományokat és más érzékeny értékeket."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "Az Alapértelmezett szint a belső IPv4-címeket és a peer-neveket olvashatóan hagyja a támogatás számára. A Szigorú ezen felül anonimizálja a privát (RFC 1918), CGNAT és link-local IP-címeket, a peer-neveket és a WireGuard nyilvános kulcsokat. Az ismétlődő értékek ugyanazt a helyettesítőt kapják, így a peerek megkülönböztethetők maradnak. Használja a Szigorú szintet, ha a hibakeresési csomagot a szervezetén kívül osztja meg."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "Nincs"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "Alapértelmezett"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "Szigorú"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "Rendszerinformációk beillesztése"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "Tartalmazza az OS-t, a kernelt, a hálózati interfészeket és az útválasztási táblákat."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "Csomag feltöltése a NetBird szerverekre"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "Egy feltöltési kulcsot ad vissza, amelyet megoszthat a NetBird támogatással."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "Trace naplók engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "TRACE szintre emeli a naplózást, majd utána visszaállítja."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "Rögzítési munkamenet"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "Újra csatlakozik és vár, hogy reprodukálhassa a problémát."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "Hálózati csomagok rögzítése"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "A rögzítés ideje alatt elmenti a hálózati forgalom .pcap fájlját."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "Rögzítés időtartama"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "Mennyi ideig fusson a rögzítési munkamenet."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "perc"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "Hibakeresési csomag létrehozása"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "Naplók, rendszerinformációk és kapcsolati állapot gyűjtése folyamatban. Általában néhány pillanatot vesz igénybe — tartsa nyitva ezt az ablakot a befejezésig."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Megszakítás…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "A hibakeresési csomag feltöltése sikeres!"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "Csomag elmentve"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "Ossza meg az alábbi feltöltési kulcsot a <docs>NetBird támogatással</docs>. A helyi másolat is elmentve van az eszközén."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "A hibakeresési csomag helyileg elmentve."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "Kulcs másolása"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "Mappa megnyitása"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "Fájl helyének megnyitása"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "Feltöltés sikertelen: {reason} A csomag továbbra is el van mentve helyileg."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "Feltöltés sikertelen. A csomag továbbra is el van mentve helyileg."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "NetBird újracsatlakoztatása…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "Hibakeresési naplók rögzítése"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "Hibakeresési csomag generálása…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "Feltöltés a NetBirdhöz…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Megszakítás…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "NetBird Kliens v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "NetBird Kliens"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[Fejlesztés]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. Minden jog fenntartva."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "Impresszum"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "Adatvédelem"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "Felhasználási feltételek"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "Fórum"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "Dokumentáció"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "Visszajelzés"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "A NetBird {version} telepítésre kész."
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "Később"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "Telepítés most"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "A {version} verzió letöltésre elérhető."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "A {version} verzió telepítésre elérhető."
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "Mi az újdonság?"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "Telepítés most"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "Letöltés"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "A NetBird a háttérben keres frissítéseket."
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "Változásnapló"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "A legfrissebb verziót használja"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "Frissítés elérhető"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "NetBird frissítése a következőre: v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "NetBird frissítése"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "Egy újabb verzió elérhető és települ. A NetBird automatikusan újraindul a frissítés befejeztével."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "A frissítés túl sokáig tart"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "A(z) {target} telepítése túl sokáig tartott, és nem fejeződött be."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "A frissítés megszakítva"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "A(z) {target} frissítését megszakították a befejezés előtt."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "A frissítés nem telepíthető"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "A(z) {target} nem volt telepíthető."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "ismeretlen hiba"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "az új verzió"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "Frissítési állapot betöltése sikertelen"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "Frissítés indítása sikertelen"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "Kliens frissítése erre: {version}."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "Kliens frissítése."
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "Az Ön kliensverziója régebbi, mint a Managementben beállított automatikus frissítési verzió."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "Frissítés"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "A frissítés időtúllépés miatt megszakadt. Kérjük, próbálja újra."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "Frissítés megszakítva."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "Frissítés sikertelen: {message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "ismeretlen frissítési hiba"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "Frissítés sikertelen"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "Frissítés időtúllépés."
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "Kérjük, ne zárja be ezt az ablakot."
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "Frissítés…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "Frissítés kész"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "Frissítés sikertelen"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "Beállítások"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "Bejelentkezés"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "Munkamenet lejár"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "Frissítés"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "Üdvözli a NetBird"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "Hiba"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "Keresse a NetBirdöt a tálcán"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "Keresse a NetBirdöt a menüsorban"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "A NetBird a tálcán fut. Kattintson az ikonra a csatlakozáshoz, profilváltáshoz vagy a beállítások megnyitásához."
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "A NetBird a menüsorban fut. Kattintson az ikonra a csatlakozáshoz, profilváltáshoz vagy a beállítások megnyitásához."
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "Folytatás"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "Vissza"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird beállítása"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "Kattintson a Folytatás gombra a kezdéshez, vagy válassza a „Saját üzemeltetésű” lehetőséget, ha saját NetBird-szervere van."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "Használja az általunk üzemeltetett szolgáltatást. Nincs szükség beállításra."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "Saját üzemeltetésű"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás a saját felügyeleti szerveréhez."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "Felügyeleti szerver URL"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "Adjon meg egy érvényes URL-t, pl. https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "A szerver nem érhető el. Ellenőrizze az URL-t vagy a hálózatot, majd folytassa, ha biztos benne, hogy helyes."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "Ellenőrzés…"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "Folytassa a böngészőben a bejelentkezés befejezéséhez"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "Nem látja a böngésző fülét?"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "Próbálja újra"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "A böngésző megnyitása sikertelen"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "A munkamenet hamarosan lejár"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "A munkamenete lejár"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "Az eszköz hamarosan lecsatlakozik. Megújításhoz böngészős bejelentkezés kell."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "Egy böngészős bejelentkezés a hálózaton tartja az eszközt."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "Munkamenet megújítása"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "Bejelentkezés"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "Kijelentkezés"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "Munkamenet lejárt"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "Eszköz lecsatlakozott. Hitelesítés böngészős bejelentkezéssel az újracsatlakozáshoz."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "Bezárás"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "A munkamenet meghosszabbítása sikertelen"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Kijelentkezés sikertelen"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Keresés név vagy IP alapján"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Összes"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "Online"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "Offline"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Nincs elérhető Peer"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Önnek vagy nincsenek elérhető Peerei, vagy nincs hozzáférése egyikhez sem."
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "Domain"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "NetBird IP"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "NetBird IPv6"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "Nyilvános kulcs"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "Kapcsolat"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "Késleltetés"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "Utolsó Handshake"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "Utolsó kapcsolati frissítés"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "Bájtok"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "Küldve"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "Fogadva"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "Helyi ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "Távoli ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "Soha"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "Épp most"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "Frissítés"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozva"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Lecsatlakozva"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "Relay"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "Erőforrások"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "Relayed"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass engedélyezve"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Keresés hálózat vagy domain alapján"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Összes"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "Aktív"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "Átfedő"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Nincs elérhető erőforrás"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Önnek vagy nincsenek elérhető hálózati erőforrásai vagy nincs hozzáférése egyikhez sem."
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "Kiválasztva"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "Nincs kiválasztva"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "Feloldott IP-címek"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{selected} / {total} aktív"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "Összes engedélyezése"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "Összes letiltása"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Keresés az Exit Node-ok között"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "Egyik sem"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Nincs elérhető Exit Node"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Ehhez a Peerhez nem osztottak meg Exit Node-okat."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "Exit Node"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "Aktív"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "Inaktív"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "Egyik sem"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "Közvetlen kapcsolat Exit Node nélkül"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "Csatlakozás"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Bontás"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "A NetBird szolgáltatás nem fut"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "Az alkalmazás automatikusan újracsatlakozik, amint a szolgáltatás újra elérhető."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "Dokumentáció"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "A NetBird Kliens elavult"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "Az új GUI nem kompatibilis a régebbi klienseddel. Frissítsd a klienst az új alkalmazás használatához."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "Legújabb letöltése"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "A bejelentkezés sikertelen: az eszköz órája eltér a szerverétől. Kérjük, szinkronizálja a rendszer óráját, majd próbálja újra."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "A bejelentkezési token lejárt. Kérjük, jelentkezzen be újra."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "A bejelentkezés sikertelen: a token aláírása érvénytelen. Kérjük, lépjen kapcsolatba a rendszergazdával."
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "A munkamenet lejárt. Kérjük, jelentkezzen be újra."
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "A telepítőkulcs hiányzik vagy érvénytelen."
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "A szerver elutasította a bejelentkezést."
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "A NetBird szolgáltatás nem válaszol. Kérjük, ellenőrizze, hogy fut-e a szolgáltatás."
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "A művelet meghiúsult."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "A NetBird nem tudta bekérni a rendszertől a szükséges jogosultságokat. Futtassa inkább ezt:"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "A módosítást emelt szintű jogosultságokkal sem sikerült alkalmazni. Futtassa inkább ezt:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "root jogosultság"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "rendszergazdai jogosultság"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "{actor} szükséges hozzá. Futtassa inkább ezt:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "Kikapcsolhatja, de a visszakapcsolásához {actor} szükséges."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "Bekapcsolhatja, de az ismételt kikapcsolásához {actor} szükséges."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "Várakozás az engedélyezésre…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/it/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/it/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8166aa6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/it/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Disconnesso"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Non in esecuzione"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "Errore"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Connesso"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Connessione"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "Accesso richiesto"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "Accesso non riuscito"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "Sessione scaduta"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "La sessione scade tra {remaining}"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "meno di un minuto"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 minuto"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} minuti"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 ora"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} ore"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 giorno"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} giorni"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Apri NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "Connetti"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Disconnetti"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Nodo di uscita"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "Risorse"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profili"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Gestisci profili"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Impostazioni..."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "Crea pacchetto di debug"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "Guida e supporto"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentazione"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "Risoluzione dei problemi"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "Scarica l'ultima versione"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "Installa la versione {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "Daemon: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "Esci da NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "Il servizio NetBird è obsoleto"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "Aggiorna il servizio NetBird per usare questa app."
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento NetBird disponibile"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} è disponibile."
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " L'amministratore richiede questo aggiornamento."
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "Errore"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "Connessione non riuscita"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Disconnessione non riuscita"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Impossibile passare a {profile}"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Impossibile aggiornare il nodo di uscita {name}"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "Sessione NetBird scaduta"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "La sessione NetBird è scaduta. Effettui di nuovo l'accesso."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "La sessione sta per scadere"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "La sessione NetBird scade tra {remaining}. Clicchi su Rinnova ora per rinnovarla."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "La sessione NetBird sta per scadere. Clicchi su Rinnova ora per rinnovarla."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "Rinnova ora"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "Ignora"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "Impossibile rinnovare la sessione NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "Sessione NetBird rinnovata"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "La sessione è stata rinnovata."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "Scadenza sessione rifiutata"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "Il server ha inviato una scadenza di sessione non valida. Effettui di nuovo l'accesso."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "Impostazioni NetBird aggiornate"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "La configurazione di NetBird è stata aggiornata dalla policy IT."
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "Annulla"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "Salva"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "Salva modifiche"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "Salvataggio…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "Chiudi"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "Copia"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "Mostra/nascondi password"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "Aumenta"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "Diminuisci"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "Elimina"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "Crea"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "Aggiungi"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "Rimuovi"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "Aggiorna"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "Caricamento…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "Nessun risultato trovato"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "Non è stato trovato alcun risultato. Provi un altro termine di ricerca o modifichi i filtri."
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "Disconnesso"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "Si connetta prima a NetBird per visualizzare informazioni dettagliate su peer, risorse di rete e nodi di uscita."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Disconnesso"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Connessione..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Connesso"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "Disconnessione..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Daemon non disponibile"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "Accesso richiesto"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "Accesso non riuscito"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "Connessione non riuscita"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "Disconnessione non riuscita"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "Peer"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{connected} di {total} connessi"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "Risorse"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{active} di {total} attive"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "Nodi di uscita"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "Non attivo"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "Tramite {name}"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "Apri impostazioni"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "Mostra/nascondi pannello laterale"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "Caricamento..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "Nessun profilo"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "Cerca profilo per nome..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Nessun profilo trovato"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Provi un altro termine di ricerca o crei un nuovo profilo."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "Nuovo profilo"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "Altre opzioni"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "Annulla registrazione"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "Elimina"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "Passa a questo profilo"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "Modifica"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "Modifica profilo"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "Salva modifiche"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Inserisci il nome del profilo"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "Nome del profilo"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "Imposti un nome facilmente riconoscibile per il profilo."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "es. lavoro"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "Aggiungi profilo"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "Inserisca un nome per il profilo, es. lavoro, casa"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "Usi NetBird Cloud o il suo server."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Impossibile raggiungere questo server. Controlli l'URL, oppure aggiunga comunque il profilo se è certo che sia corretto."
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Impostazioni..."
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "Vista predefinita"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "Vista avanzata"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento disponibile"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Apri menu"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "Cambia profilo"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "Attiva/disattiva connessione NetBird"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "Indirizzi IP locali"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "Cerca"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "Filtra"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "Seleziona nodo di uscita"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "Apri dettagli di {name}, {status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Dettagli peer"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "Attiva/disattiva {name}"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "Attiva/disattiva tutte le risorse visibili"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "Passare al profilo «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "Vuole davvero cambiare profilo?\nIl profilo attuale verrà disconnesso."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "Conferma"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "Annullare la registrazione del profilo «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "Vuole davvero annullare la registrazione di questo profilo?\nDovrà accedere di nuovo per usarlo."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "Annulla registrazione"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "Eliminare il profilo «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "Vuole davvero eliminare questo profilo?\nQuesta azione non può essere annullata."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "I profili attivi non possono essere eliminati. Passi a un altro profilo prima di eliminare questo."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "Il profilo predefinito non può essere eliminato."
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "Cambio profilo non riuscito"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "Annullamento registrazione non riuscito"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "Eliminazione profilo non riuscita"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "Creazione profilo non riuscita"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "Modifica del profilo non riuscita"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Caricamento profili non riuscito"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "Profilo attivo"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Cambia profilo"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "Altro"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Aggiungi profilo"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Gestisci profili"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "Impostazioni"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profili"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "Mantenga affiancate identità NetBird separate, ad esempio account di lavoro e personali, oppure server di gestione diversi. Aggiunga, annulli la registrazione o elimini i profili qui sotto."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Aggiungi profilo"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "Attivo"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Nessun profilo"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Crei un profilo per connettersi a un server di gestione NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Caricamento impostazioni non riuscito"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "Salvataggio impostazioni non riuscito"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "Pacchetto di debug non riuscito"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "Sezioni delle impostazioni"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "Generale"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "Rete"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "Sicurezza"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "Profili"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "Avanzate"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "Risoluzione problemi"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "Informazioni"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento disponibile"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "Generale"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "Connessione"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "Connetti all'avvio"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "Stabilisce automaticamente una connessione all'avvio del servizio."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "Notifiche desktop"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "Mostra notifiche desktop per nuovi aggiornamenti ed eventi di connessione."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "Avvia l'interfaccia NetBird all'accesso"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "Avvia automaticamente l'interfaccia NetBird quando effettua l'accesso. Riguarda solo l'interfaccia grafica, non il servizio in background."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "Modifica avvio automatico non riuscita"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "Resta connesso dopo la chiusura",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "La connessione resta attiva in background dopo la chiusura di NetBird. Si interrompe solo quando la disconnetti tu.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "Lingua dell'interfaccia"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "Scelga la lingua dell'interfaccia NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "Cerca lingua…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "Nessuna lingua corrisponde."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "Server di gestione"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "Si connetta a NetBird Cloud o al suo server di gestione self-hosted. Le modifiche riconnettono il client."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "Self-hosted"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "Inserisca un URL valido, es. https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Impossibile raggiungere questo server. Controlli l'URL, oppure salvi comunque se è certo che sia corretto."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "Passare a NetBird Cloud?"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "Questo disconnette il suo server self-hosted.\nPotrebbe dover accedere di nuovo."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "Passa a Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "Connettività"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "Routing e DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "Riconnetti al cambio di rete"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "Monitora la rete e si riconnette automaticamente ai cambiamenti, come il passaggio di Wi-Fi, le modifiche Ethernet o la ripresa dalla sospensione."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "Abilita DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "Applica le impostazioni DNS gestite da NetBird al resolver dell'host."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Abilita route client"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Accetta le route da altri peer per raggiungere le loro reti."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Abilita route server"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Annuncia le route locali di questo host agli altri peer."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "Abilita IPv6"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "Usa l'indirizzamento IPv6 per la rete overlay NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "Firewall"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "Crittografia"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "Blocca traffico in entrata"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "Rifiuta le connessioni non richieste dai peer verso questo dispositivo e le reti che instrada. Il traffico in uscita non è interessato."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "Blocca accesso alla LAN"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "Impedisce ai peer di raggiungere la sua rete locale o i suoi dispositivi quando questo dispositivo instrada il loro traffico."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "Abilita resistenza quantistica"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "Aggiunge uno scambio di chiavi post-quantistico tramite Rosenpass sopra WireGuard®."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "Abilita modalità permissiva"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "Consente le connessioni con peer privi del supporto alla resistenza quantistica."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "Server"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "Funzionalità"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "Autenticazione"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "Abilita server SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "Esegue il server SSH di NetBird su questo host in modo che altri peer possano connettersi."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "Consenti accesso come root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "Permette ai peer di accedere come utente root. Disabiliti per richiedere un account senza privilegi."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "Consenti SFTP"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "Trasferisca file in modo sicuro usando client SFTP o SCP nativi."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "Inoltro porte locale"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "Permette ai peer in connessione di inoltrare porte locali verso servizi raggiungibili da questo host."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "Inoltro porte remoto"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "Permette ai peer in connessione di esporre porte di questo host verso la loro macchina."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "Abilita autenticazione JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "Verifica ogni sessione SSH con il suo IdP per l'identità utente e l'audit. Disabiliti per basarsi solo sulle policy ACL di rete, utile quando non è disponibile un IdP."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "TTL cache JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "Per quanto tempo questo client memorizza un JWT prima di richiederlo di nuovo sulle connessioni SSH in uscita. Imposti 0 per disabilitare la cache e autenticarsi a ogni connessione."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "sec."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "Interfaccia"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "Sicurezza"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "Nome"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "Usi da 1 a 15 lettere, cifre, punti, trattini o trattini bassi."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "Deve iniziare con \"utun\" seguito da un numero (es. utun100)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "Porta"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "Inserisca una porta compresa tra {min} e {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "Se impostata su 0, verrà usata una porta libera casuale."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "Inserisca un valore MTU compreso tra {min} e {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "Chiave pre-condivisa"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "PSK WireGuard opzionale per una crittografia simmetrica aggiuntiva. Non è la stessa cosa di una chiave di configurazione NetBird. Comunicherà solo con i peer che usano la stessa chiave pre-condivisa."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "Pacchetto di debug"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "Anonimizza informazioni sensibili"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "Nasconde indirizzi IP, domini e altri valori sensibili."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "La modalità predefinita mantiene leggibili gli indirizzi IPv4 interni e i nomi dei peer per il supporto. La modalità rigorosa anonimizza inoltre gli indirizzi IP privati (RFC 1918), CGNAT e link-local, i nomi dei peer e le chiavi pubbliche WireGuard. I valori ricorrenti vengono associati allo stesso segnaposto, quindi i peer restano distinguibili. Usa la modalità rigorosa quando condividi il pacchetto di debug al di fuori della tua organizzazione."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "Nessuna"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "Predefinito"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "Rigoroso"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "Includi informazioni di sistema"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "Include OS, kernel, interfacce di rete e tabelle di routing."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "Carica il pacchetto sui server NetBird"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "Restituisce una chiave di caricamento da condividere con il supporto NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "Abilita log di traccia"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "Aumenta il livello di log a TRACE e lo ripristina al termine."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "Sessione di acquisizione"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "Si riconnette e attende per consentirle di riprodurre il problema."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "Acquisisci pacchetti di rete"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "Salva un .pcap del traffico di rete durante la sessione di acquisizione."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "Durata acquisizione"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "Per quanto tempo viene eseguita la sessione di acquisizione."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "min."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "Crea pacchetto"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "Raccolta di log, dettagli di sistema e stato della connessione. Di solito richiede un momento: tenga aperta questa finestra fino al completamento."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Annullamento…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "Pacchetto di debug caricato con successo!"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "Pacchetto salvato"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "Condivida la chiave di caricamento qui sotto con il <docs>supporto NetBird</docs>. Una copia locale è stata salvata anche sul suo dispositivo."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "Il pacchetto di debug è stato salvato localmente."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "Copia chiave"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "Apri cartella"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "Apri posizione file"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "Caricamento non riuscito: {reason} Il pacchetto è comunque salvato localmente."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "Caricamento non riuscito. Il pacchetto è comunque salvato localmente."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "Riconnessione di NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "Acquisizione log di debug"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "Generazione del pacchetto di debug…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "Caricamento su NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Annullamento…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[Development]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. Tutti i diritti riservati."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "Note legali"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "Privacy"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "Termini di servizio"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "Forum"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentazione"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "Feedback"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} è pronto per l'installazione."
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "Più tardi"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "Installa ora"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "La versione {version} è disponibile per il download."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "La versione {version} è disponibile per l'installazione."
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "Novità?"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "Installa ora"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "Scarica"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "NetBird verifica gli aggiornamenti in background."
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "Changelog"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "Sta usando l'ultima versione"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento disponibile"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento di NetBird alla v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento di NetBird"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "È disponibile una versione più recente ed è in corso l'installazione. NetBird si riavvierà automaticamente al termine dell'aggiornamento."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "L'aggiornamento richiede troppo tempo"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "L'installazione di {target} ha richiesto troppo tempo e non è stata completata."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento interrotto"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "L'aggiornamento a {target} è stato annullato prima del completamento."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "Impossibile installare l'aggiornamento"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "Impossibile installare {target}."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "errore sconosciuto"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "la nuova versione"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "Caricamento stato aggiornamento non riuscito"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "Avvio aggiornamento non riuscito"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento del client a: {version}."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento del client."
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "La versione del client è precedente alla versione di aggiornamento automatico impostata in Management."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento in corso"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento scaduto. Riprovi."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento annullato."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento non riuscito: {message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "errore di aggiornamento sconosciuto"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento non riuscito"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento scaduto."
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "Non chiuda questa finestra."
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento completato"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento non riuscito"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "Impostazioni"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "Accesso"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "Sessione in scadenza"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "Aggiornamento"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "Benvenuto in NetBird"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "Errore"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "Cerchi NetBird nella tray"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "Cerchi NetBird nella barra dei menu"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "NetBird risiede nella tray. Clicchi sull'icona per connettersi, cambiare profilo o aprire le impostazioni."
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "NetBird risiede nella barra dei menu. Clicchi sull'icona per connettersi, cambiare profilo o aprire le impostazioni."
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "Continua"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "Indietro"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "Configura NetBird"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "Clicchi su Continua per iniziare, oppure scelga Self-hosted se dispone di un proprio server NetBird."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "Usi il nostro servizio gestito. Nessuna configurazione necessaria."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "Self-hosted"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "Si connetta al suo server di gestione."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "URL del server di gestione"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "Inserisca un URL valido, es. https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Impossibile raggiungere questo server. Controlli l'URL o la sua rete, poi prosegua se è certo che sia corretto."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "Verifica…"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "Continui nel browser per completare l'accesso"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "Non vede la scheda del browser?"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "Riprova"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Apertura browser non riuscita"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "La sessione sta per scadere"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "La sessione scadrà"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "Questo dispositivo verrà disconnesso a breve. Rinnovi con un accesso dal browser."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "Un accesso dal browser mantiene questo dispositivo connesso alla sua rete."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "Rinnova sessione"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "Autenticati"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "Esci"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "Sessione scaduta"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "Dispositivo disconnesso. Si autentichi con un accesso dal browser per riconnettersi."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "Chiudi"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Rinnovo sessione non riuscito"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Disconnessione non riuscita"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Cerca per nome o IP"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Tutti"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "Online"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "Offline"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Nessun peer disponibile"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Non ha peer disponibili oppure non ha accesso a nessuno di essi."
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "Dominio"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "IP NetBird"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "IPv6 NetBird"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "Chiave pubblica"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "Connessione"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "Latenza"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "Ultimo handshake"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "Ultimo aggiornamento connessione"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "Byte"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "Inviati"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "Ricevuti"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "ICE locale"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "ICE remoto"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "Mai"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "Proprio ora"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "Aggiorna"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Connesso"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Connessione"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Disconnesso"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "Relay"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "Risorse"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "Tramite relay"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass abilitato"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Cerca per rete o dominio"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Tutte"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "Attive"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "Sovrapposte"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Nessuna risorsa disponibile"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Non ha risorse di rete disponibili oppure non ha accesso a nessuna di esse."
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "Selezionata"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "Non selezionata"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "IP risolti"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{selected} di {total} attive"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "Abilita tutte"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "Disabilita tutte"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Cerca nodi di uscita"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "Nessuno"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Nessun nodo di uscita disponibile"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Nessun nodo di uscita è stato condiviso con questo peer."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "Nodo di uscita"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "Attivo"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "Inattivo"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "Nessuno"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "Connessione diretta senza nodo di uscita"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "Connetti"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Disconnetti"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "Il servizio NetBird non è in esecuzione"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "L'app si riconnetterà automaticamente non appena il servizio sarà in esecuzione."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "Documentazione"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client è obsoleto"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "La nuova GUI non è compatibile con il tuo client precedente. Aggiorna il client per usare la nuova applicazione."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "Scarica l'ultima versione"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "Accesso non riuscito: l'orologio di questo dispositivo non è sincronizzato con il server. Sincronizzi l'orologio di sistema e riprovi."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "Il token di accesso è scaduto. Effettui di nuovo l'accesso."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "Accesso non riuscito: la firma del token non è valida. Contatti il suo amministratore."
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "La sessione è scaduta. Effettui di nuovo l'accesso."
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "La chiave di configurazione è mancante o non valida."
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "L'accesso è stato rifiutato dal server."
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "Il daemon NetBird non risponde. Verifichi che il servizio sia in esecuzione."
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "Operazione non riuscita."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "NetBird non ha potuto richiedere a questo sistema i privilegi necessari. Esegua invece questo:"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "Non è stato possibile applicare la modifica con privilegi elevati. Esegua invece questo:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "i privilegi di root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "i privilegi di amministratore"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "Richiede {actor}. Esegua invece questo:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "Può disabilitarlo, ma riabilitarlo richiede {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "Può abilitarlo, ma disabilitarlo di nuovo richiede {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "In attesa dell'autorizzazione…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/ja/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/ja/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ffe05e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/ja/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "未接続"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "実行されていません"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "エラー"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "接続済み"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "接続中"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "ログインが必要"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "ログインに失敗しました"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "セッションが期限切れ"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "セッションはあと{remaining}で期限切れ"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "1分未満"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1分"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count}分"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1時間"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count}時間"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1日"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count}日"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "NetBird を開く"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "接続"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "切断"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "出口ノード"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "リソース"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "プロファイル"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "プロファイルの管理"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "設定..."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "デバッグバンドルを作成"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "ヘルプとサポート"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "ドキュメント"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "トラブルシューティング"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "最新バージョンをダウンロード"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "バージョン {version} をインストール"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "デーモン: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "NetBird を終了"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird サービスが古くなっています"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "このアプリを使用するには NetBird サービスを更新してください。"
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird の更新が利用可能"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} が利用可能です。"
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": "管理者がこの更新を必須にしています。"
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "エラー"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "接続に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "切断に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "{profile} への切り替えに失敗しました"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "出口ノード {name} の更新に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird セッションが期限切れ"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird セッションの有効期限が切れました。もう一度ログインしてください。"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "まもなくセッションが期限切れ"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird セッションはあと{remaining}で期限切れになります。更新するには「今すぐ延長」をクリックしてください。"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "NetBird セッションはまもなく期限切れになります。更新するには「今すぐ延長」をクリックしてください。"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "今すぐ延長"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "閉じる"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "NetBird セッションの延長に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "NetBird セッションを延長しました"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "セッションが更新されました。"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "セッション期限が拒否されました"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "サーバーが無効なセッション期限を送信しました。もう一度サインインしてください。"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird 設定が更新されました"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird の構成が IT ポリシーによって更新されました。"
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "キャンセル"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "保存"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "変更を保存"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "保存中…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "閉じる"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "コピー"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "パスワードの表示を切り替え"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "増やす"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "減らす"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "削除"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "作成"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "追加"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "削除"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "更新"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "読み込み中…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "結果が見つかりませんでした"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "結果が見つかりませんでした。別の検索語を試すか、フィルターを変更してください。"
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "未接続"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "ピア、ネットワークリソース、出口ノードの詳細情報を表示するには、まず NetBird に接続してください。"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "未接続"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "接続中..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "接続済み"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "切断中..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "デーモンが利用できません"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "ログインが必要"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "ログインに失敗しました"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "接続に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "切断に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "ピア"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{total}台中{connected}台接続中"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "リソース"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{total}件中{active}件有効"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "出口ノード"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "未使用"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "{name} 経由"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "設定を開く"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "サイドパネルを切り替え"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "読み込み中..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "プロファイルなし"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "名前でプロファイルを検索..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "プロファイルが見つかりません"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "別の検索語を試すか、新しいプロファイルを作成してください。"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "新しいプロファイル"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "その他のオプション"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "登録解除"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "削除"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "このプロファイルに切り替え"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "編集"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "プロファイルを編集"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "変更を保存"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "プロファイル名を入力"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "プロファイル名"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "分かりやすいプロファイル名を設定してください。"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "例: 仕事"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "プロファイルを追加"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "プロファイル名を入力してください（例: 仕事、自宅）"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud または独自のサーバーを使用します。"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "このサーバーに到達できませんでした。URLを確認するか、正しいことが確実な場合はそのままプロファイルを追加してください。"
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "設定..."
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "デフォルト表示"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "詳細表示"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "更新が利用可能"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "メニューを開く"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "プロファイルを切り替え"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "NetBird 接続を切り替え"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "ローカル IP アドレス"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "検索"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "フィルター"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "出口ノードを選択"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "{name} の詳細を開く、{status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "ピアの詳細"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "{name} を切り替え"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "表示中のすべてのリソースを切り替え"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "プロファイルを「{name}」に切り替えますか？"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "プロファイルを切り替えてもよろしいですか？\n現在のプロファイルは切断されます。"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "確認"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "プロファイル「{name}」の登録を解除しますか？"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "このプロファイルの登録を解除してもよろしいですか？\n再度使用するにはログインが必要になります。"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "登録解除"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "プロファイル「{name}」を削除しますか？"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "このプロファイルを削除してもよろしいですか？\nこの操作は取り消せません。"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "使用中のプロファイルは削除できません。削除する前に別のプロファイルに切り替えてください。"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "デフォルトのプロファイルは削除できません。"
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "プロファイルの切り替えに失敗しました"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "プロファイルの登録解除に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "プロファイルの削除に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "プロファイルの作成に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "プロファイルの編集に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "プロファイルの読み込みに失敗しました"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "使用中のプロファイル"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "プロファイルを切り替え"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "その他"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "プロファイルを追加"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "プロファイルの管理"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "設定"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "プロファイル"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "仕事用と個人用のアカウント、あるいは異なる管理サーバーなど、複数の NetBird ID を並行して管理できます。以下でプロファイルの追加、登録解除、削除ができます。"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "プロファイルを追加"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "使用中"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "プロファイルがありません"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "NetBird 管理サーバーに接続するプロファイルを作成してください。"
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "設定の読み込みに失敗しました"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "設定の保存に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "デバッグバンドルの作成に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "設定セクション"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "一般"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "ネットワーク"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "セキュリティ"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "プロファイル"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "詳細設定"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "トラブルシューティング"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "情報"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "更新が利用可能"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "一般"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "接続"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "起動時に接続"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "サービスの起動時に自動的に接続を確立します。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "デスクトップ通知"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "新しい更新や接続イベントに関するデスクトップ通知を表示します。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "ログイン時に NetBird UI を起動"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "ログイン時に NetBird インターフェースを自動的に起動します。これはグラフィカルインターフェースにのみ影響し、バックグラウンドサービスには影響しません。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "自動起動の変更に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "終了後も接続を維持",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "NetBird を閉じたあとも接続はバックグラウンドで維持されます。自分で切断したときにだけ停止します。",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "表示言語"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "NetBird インターフェースの言語を選択します。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "言語を検索…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "一致する言語がありません。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "管理サーバー"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud または自身のセルフホスト管理サーバーに接続します。変更するとクライアントが再接続します。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "クラウド"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "セルフホスト"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "有効なURLを入力してください（例: https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443）"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "このサーバーに到達できませんでした。URLを確認するか、正しいことが確実な場合はそのまま保存してください。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud に切り替えますか？"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "セルフホストサーバーが切断されます。\n再度ログインが必要になる場合があります。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "クラウドに切り替え"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "ネットワーク接続"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "ルーティングとDNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "ネットワーク変更時に再接続"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "ネットワークを監視し、Wi-Fiの切り替え、イーサネットの変更、スリープからの復帰などの変化時に自動的に再接続します。"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "DNSを有効にする"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "NetBird が管理する DNS 設定をホストのリゾルバに適用します。"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "クライアントルートを有効にする"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "他のピアからルートを受け入れ、そのネットワークに到達できるようにします。"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "サーバールートを有効にする"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "このホストのローカルルートを他のピアにアドバタイズします。"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "IPv6を有効にする"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "NetBird オーバーレイネットワークで IPv6 アドレッシングを使用します。"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "ファイアウォール"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "暗号化"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "受信トラフィックをブロック"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "このデバイスおよびこのデバイスがルーティングするネットワークへの、ピアからの要求されていない接続を拒否します。送信トラフィックには影響しません。"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "LANアクセスをブロック"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "このデバイスがピアのトラフィックをルーティングする際に、ピアがローカルネットワークやそのデバイスに到達できないようにします。"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "量子耐性を有効にする"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "WireGuard® に加えて Rosenpass によるポスト量子鍵交換を追加します。"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "寛容モードを有効にする"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "量子耐性に対応していないピアへの接続を許可します。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "サーバー"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "機能"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "認証"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "SSHサーバーを有効にする"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "このホストで NetBird SSH サーバーを実行し、他のピアが接続できるようにします。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "rootログインを許可"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "ピアが root ユーザーとしてサインインできるようにします。無効にすると非特権アカウントが必要になります。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "SFTPを許可"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "ネイティブの SFTP または SCP クライアントを使用してファイルを安全に転送します。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "ローカルポート転送"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "接続するピアが、このホストから到達可能なサービスへローカルポートをトンネリングできるようにします。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "リモートポート転送"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "接続するピアが、このホスト上のポートを自身のマシンに公開できるようにします。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "JWT認証を有効にする"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "各 SSH セッションを IdP に対して検証し、ユーザー ID と監査を行います。無効にするとネットワークの ACL ポリシーのみに依存します。IdP が利用できない場合に便利です。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "JWTキャッシュTTL"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "発信 SSH 接続で再度認証を求めるまでに、このクライアントが JWT をキャッシュする期間です。0 に設定するとキャッシュを無効にし、接続ごとに認証します。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "秒"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "インターフェース"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "セキュリティ"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "名前"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "1〜15文字の英字、数字、ドット、ハイフン、アンダースコアを使用してください。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "「utun」に続けて数字で始まる必要があります（例: utun100）。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "ポート"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "{min}〜{max}の範囲でポートを入力してください。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "0 に設定すると、ランダムな空きポートが使用されます。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "{min}〜{max}の範囲で MTU 値を入力してください。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "事前共有鍵"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "追加の対称暗号化のためのオプションの WireGuard PSK です。NetBird セットアップキーとは異なります。同じ事前共有鍵を使用するピアとのみ通信できます。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "デバッグバンドル"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "機密情報を匿名化"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "IP アドレス、ドメイン、その他の機密性の高い値を隠します。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "「デフォルト」では、サポートのために内部 IPv4 アドレスとピア名は読める状態のまま残ります。「厳格」では、さらにプライベート (RFC 1918)、CGNAT、リンクローカルの IP アドレス、ピア名、WireGuard 公開鍵も匿名化されます。繰り返し現れる値は同じプレースホルダーに置き換えられるため、ピアは区別できます。デバッグバンドルを組織外に共有する場合は「厳格」を使用してください。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "なし"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "デフォルト"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "厳格"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "システム情報を含める"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "OS、カーネル、ネットワークインターフェース、ルーティングテーブルを含めます。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "バンドルを NetBird サーバーにアップロード"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "NetBird サポートと共有するためのアップロードキーを返します。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "トレースログを有効にする"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "ログレベルを TRACE に引き上げ、その後元に戻します。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "キャプチャセッション"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "再接続して待機し、問題を再現できるようにします。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "ネットワークパケットをキャプチャ"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "キャプチャ期間中のネットワークトラフィックを .pcap として保存します。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "キャプチャ時間"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "キャプチャセッションを実行する時間です。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "分"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "バンドルを作成"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "ログ、システムの詳細、接続状態を収集しています。通常はしばらくで完了します。完了するまで NetBird を使い続けても、設定を閉じても構いません。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "キャンセル中…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "デバッグバンドルのアップロードに成功しました！"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "バンドルを保存しました"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "下記のアップロードキーを <docs>NetBird サポート</docs> と共有してください。ローカルコピーもお使いのデバイスに保存されました。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "デバッグバンドルはローカルに保存されました。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "キーをコピー"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "フォルダを開く"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "ファイルの場所を開く"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "アップロードに失敗しました: {reason} バンドルはローカルに保存されています。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "アップロードに失敗しました。バンドルはローカルに保存されています。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "NetBird を再接続しています…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "デバッグログをキャプチャしています"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "デバッグバンドルを生成しています…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "NetBird にアップロードしています…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "キャンセル中…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[開発版]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. All Rights Reserved."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "運営者情報"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "プライバシー"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "利用規約"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "フォーラム"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "ドキュメント"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "フィードバック"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} をインストールする準備ができました。"
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "後で"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "今すぐインストール"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "バージョン {version} がダウンロード可能です。"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "バージョン {version} がインストール可能です。"
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "新機能は？"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "今すぐインストール"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "ダウンロード"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "NetBird はバックグラウンドで更新を確認します。"
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "変更履歴"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "最新バージョンを使用しています"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "更新が利用可能"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "NetBird を v{version} に更新しています"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "NetBird を更新しています"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "新しいバージョンが利用可能で、インストール中です。更新が完了すると NetBird は自動的に再起動します。"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "更新に時間がかかっています"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "{target} のインストールに時間がかかりすぎ、完了しませんでした。"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "更新が停止されました"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "{target} への更新は完了前にキャンセルされました。"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "更新をインストールできませんでした"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "{target} をインストールできませんでした。"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "不明なエラー"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "新しいバージョン"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "更新状態の読み込みに失敗しました"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "更新の開始に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "クライアントを次のバージョンに更新しています: {version}。"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "クライアントを更新しています。"
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "クライアントのバージョンが、管理サーバーで設定された自動更新バージョンより古くなっています。"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "更新中"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "更新がタイムアウトしました。もう一度お試しください。"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "更新がキャンセルされました。"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "更新に失敗しました: {message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "不明な更新エラー"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "更新に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "更新がタイムアウトしました。"
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "このウィンドウを閉じないでください。"
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "更新中…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "更新が完了しました"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "更新に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "設定"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "サインイン"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "セッションの期限切れ"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "更新中"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "NetBird へようこそ"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "エラー"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "トレイの NetBird を確認してください"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "メニューバーの NetBird を確認してください"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "NetBird はトレイに常駐します。アイコンをクリックして、接続、プロファイルの切り替え、設定を開くことができます。"
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "NetBird はメニューバーに常駐します。アイコンをクリックして、接続、プロファイルの切り替え、設定を開くことができます。"
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "続ける"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "戻る"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird をセットアップ"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "「続ける」をクリックして開始するか、独自の NetBird サーバーをお持ちの場合は「セルフホスト」を選択してください。"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "当社のホスト型サービスを使用します。セットアップは不要です。"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "セルフホスト"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "独自の管理サーバーに接続します。"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "管理サーバーのURL"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "有効なURLを入力してください（例: https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443）"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "このサーバーに到達できませんでした。URLまたはネットワークを確認し、正しいことが確実な場合は続行してください。"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "確認中…"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "ブラウザでログインを完了してください"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "サインインを完了できるようブラウザのタブを開きました。表示されませんか？"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "再試行"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "ブラウザの起動に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "まもなくセッションが期限切れになります"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "セッションが期限切れになります"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "このデバイスはまもなく切断されます。ブラウザでのサインインで更新してください。"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "ブラウザでサインインすると、このデバイスがネットワークに接続されたままになります。"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "セッションを更新"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "認証"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "ログアウト"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "セッションが期限切れになりました"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "デバイスが切断されました。再接続するにはブラウザでサインインして認証してください。"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "閉じる"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "セッションの延長に失敗しました"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "ログアウトに失敗しました"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "名前または IP で検索"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "すべて"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "オンライン"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "オフライン"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "利用可能なピアがありません"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "利用可能なピアがないか、いずれのピアにもアクセス権がありません。"
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "ドメイン"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "NetBird IP"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "NetBird IPv6"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "公開鍵"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "接続"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "レイテンシ"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "最終ハンドシェイク"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "最終接続更新"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "バイト"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "送信"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "受信"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "ローカル ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "リモート ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "なし"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "たった今"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "更新"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "接続済み"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "接続中"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "未接続"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "リレー"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "リソース"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "リレー経由"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass 有効"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "ネットワークまたはドメインで検索"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "すべて"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "有効"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "重複"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "利用可能なリソースがありません"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "利用可能なネットワークリソースがないか、いずれのリソースにもアクセス権がありません。"
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "選択中"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "未選択"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "解決された IP"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{total}件中{selected}件有効"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "すべて有効化"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "すべて無効化"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "出口ノードを検索"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "なし"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "利用可能な出口ノードがありません"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "このピアと共有されている出口ノードはありません。"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "出口ノード"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "有効"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "無効"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "なし"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "出口ノードを使用しない直接接続"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "接続"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "切断"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird サービスが実行されていません"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "サービスが実行されると、アプリは自動的に再接続します。"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "ドキュメント"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird サービスが古くなっています"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "このアプリを使用するには NetBird サービスを更新してください。"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "最新版をダウンロード"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "サインインに失敗しました: このデバイスの時計がサーバーと同期していません。システムの時計を同期してからもう一度お試しください。"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "サインイントークンの有効期限が切れました。もう一度サインインしてください。"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "サインインに失敗しました: トークンの署名が無効です。管理者にお問い合わせください。"
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "セッションの有効期限が切れました。もう一度サインインしてください。"
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "セットアップキーがないか、無効です。"
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "サインインがサーバーによって拒否されました。"
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "NetBird デーモンが応答していません。サービスが実行されているか確認してください。"
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "操作に失敗しました。"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "NetBird はこのシステムに必要な権限を要求できませんでした。代わりに次のコマンドを実行してください:"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "昇格した権限でも変更を適用できませんでした。代わりに次のコマンドを実行してください:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "root 権限"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "管理者権限"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "{actor}が必要です。代わりに次のコマンドを実行してください:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "無効にはできますが、再度有効にするには{actor}が必要です。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "有効にはできますが、再度無効にするには{actor}が必要です。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "承認を待っています…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/pt/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/pt/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..123e7a042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/pt/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Desconectado"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Não está em execução"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "Erro"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Conectado"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Conectando"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "Login necessário"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "Falha no login"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "Sessão expirada"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "A sessão expira em {remaining}"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "menos de um minuto"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 minuto"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} minutos"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 hora"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} horas"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 dia"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} dias"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Abrir o NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "Conectar"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Desconectar"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Nó de saída"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "Recursos"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "Perfis"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Gerenciar perfis"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Configurações..."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "Criar pacote de depuração"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "Ajuda e suporte"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentação"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "Solução de problemas"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "Baixar a versão mais recente"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "Instalar a versão {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "Daemon: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "Sair do NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "O serviço NetBird está desatualizado"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "Atualize o serviço NetBird para usar este aplicativo."
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "Atualização do NetBird disponível"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "O NetBird {version} está disponível."
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " O seu administrador exige esta atualização."
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "Erro"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "Falha ao conectar"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Falha ao desconectar"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Falha ao alternar para {profile}"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Falha ao atualizar o nó de saída {name}"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "Sessão do NetBird expirada"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "A sua sessão do NetBird expirou. Faça login novamente."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "A sessão expira em breve"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "A sua sessão do NetBird expira em {remaining}. Clique em Renovar agora para renová-la."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "A sua sessão do NetBird está prestes a expirar. Clique em Renovar agora para renová-la."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "Renovar agora"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "Dispensar"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "Falha ao renovar a sessão do NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "Sessão do NetBird renovada"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "A sua sessão foi renovada."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "Prazo da sessão rejeitado"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "O servidor enviou um prazo de sessão inválido. Faça login novamente."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "Definições do NetBird atualizadas"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "A sua configuração do NetBird foi atualizada pela política de TI."
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "Cancelar"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "Salvar"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "Salvar alterações"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "Salvando…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "Fechar"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "Copiar"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "Alternar visibilidade da senha"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "Aumentar"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "Diminuir"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "Excluir"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "Criar"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "Adicionar"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "Remover"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "Atualizar"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "Carregando…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "Nenhum resultado encontrado"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "Não encontramos nenhum resultado. Tente um termo de busca diferente ou altere os filtros."
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "Desconectado"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "Conecte-se ao NetBird primeiro para ver informações detalhadas sobre seus peers, recursos de rede e nós de saída."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Desconectado"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Conectando..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Conectado"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "Desconectando..."
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Daemon indisponível"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "Login necessário"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha no login"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao conectar"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao desconectar"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "Peers"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{connected} de {total} conectados"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "Recursos"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{active} de {total} ativos"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "Nós de saída"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "Inativo"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "Via {name}"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "Abrir configurações"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "Alternar painel lateral"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "Carregando..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "Nenhum perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "Buscar perfil por nome..."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Nenhum perfil encontrado"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Tente um termo de busca diferente ou crie um novo perfil."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "Novo perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "Mais opções"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "Cancelar registro"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "Excluir"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "Alternar para este perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "Editar"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "Editar perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "Salvar alterações"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Insira o nome do perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "Nome do perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "Defina um nome fácil de identificar para o seu perfil."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "ex.: trabalho"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "Adicionar perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "Insira um nome de perfil, ex.: trabalho, casa"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "Use o NetBird Cloud ou seu próprio servidor."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Não foi possível acessar este servidor. Verifique a URL ou adicione o perfil mesmo assim se tiver certeza de que está correta."
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Configurações..."
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "Visualização padrão"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "Visualização avançada"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Atualização disponível"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Abrir menu"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "Trocar perfil"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "Alternar conexão NetBird"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "Endereços IP locais"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "Pesquisar"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "Filtrar"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "Selecionar nó de saída"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "Abrir detalhes de {name}, {status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Detalhes do par"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "Alternar {name}"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "Alternar todos os recursos visíveis"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "Alternar perfil para \"{name}\"?"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "Tem certeza de que deseja alternar de perfil?\nO seu perfil atual será desconectado."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "Confirmar"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "Cancelar registro do perfil \"{name}\"?"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "Tem certeza de que deseja cancelar o registro deste perfil?\nVocê precisará fazer login novamente para usá-lo."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "Cancelar registro"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "Excluir o perfil \"{name}\"?"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "Tem certeza de que deseja excluir este perfil?\nEsta ação não pode ser desfeita."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "Perfis ativos não podem ser excluídos. Alterne para outro antes de excluir este perfil."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "O perfil padrão não pode ser excluído."
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao alternar de perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao cancelar registro do perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao excluir o perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao criar o perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao editar o perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao carregar os perfis"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "Perfil ativo"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Alternar perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "Outro"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Adicionar perfil"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Gerenciar perfis"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "Configurações"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "Perfis"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "Mantenha identidades separadas do NetBird lado a lado, por exemplo contas de trabalho e pessoais, ou diferentes servidores de gerenciamento. Adicione, cancele o registro ou exclua perfis abaixo."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Adicionar perfil"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "Ativo"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Nenhum perfil"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Crie um perfil para conectar a um servidor de gerenciamento do NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao carregar as configurações"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao salvar as configurações"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha no pacote de depuração"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "Seções das configurações"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "Geral"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "Rede"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "Segurança"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "Perfis"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "Avançado"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "Solução de problemas"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "Sobre"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Atualização disponível"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "Geral"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "Conexão"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "Conectar ao iniciar"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "Estabelecer uma conexão automaticamente quando o serviço iniciar."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "Notificações na área de trabalho"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "Mostrar notificações na área de trabalho para novas atualizações e eventos de conexão."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "Iniciar a interface do NetBird ao fazer login"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "Iniciar a interface do NetBird automaticamente quando você fizer login. Isto afeta apenas a interface gráfica, não o serviço em segundo plano."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao alterar o início automático"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "Permanecer conectado ao sair",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "A conexão continua ativa em segundo plano depois de fechar o NetBird. Ela só para quando você mesmo a desconecta.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "Idioma de exibição"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "Escolha o idioma da interface do NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "Buscar idioma…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "Nenhum idioma corresponde."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "Servidor de gerenciamento"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "Conecte ao NetBird Cloud ou ao seu próprio servidor de gerenciamento auto-hospedado. As alterações reconectarão o cliente."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "Auto-hospedado"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "Insira uma URL válida, ex.: https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Não foi possível acessar este servidor. Verifique a URL ou salve mesmo assim se tiver certeza de que está correta."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "Alternar para o NetBird Cloud?"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "Isto desconecta o seu servidor auto-hospedado.\nVocê pode precisar fazer login novamente."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "Alternar para o Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "Conectividade"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "Roteamento e DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "Reconectar ao mudar de rede"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "Monitora a rede e reconecta automaticamente diante de mudanças como troca de Wi-Fi, alterações na Ethernet ou retorno do modo de suspensão."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "Ativar DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "Aplicar as configurações de DNS gerenciadas pelo NetBird ao resolvedor do host."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Ativar rotas de cliente"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Aceitar rotas de outros peers para alcançar as redes deles."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Ativar rotas de servidor"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Anunciar as rotas locais deste host para outros peers."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "Ativar IPv6"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "Usar endereçamento IPv6 para a rede de sobreposição do NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "Firewall"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "Criptografia"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "Bloquear tráfego de entrada"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "Rejeitar conexões não solicitadas de peers para este dispositivo e quaisquer redes que ele roteie. O tráfego de saída não é afetado."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "Bloquear acesso à LAN"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "Impedir que peers alcancem a sua rede local ou os dispositivos dela quando este dispositivo roteia o tráfego deles."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "Ativar resistência quântica"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "Adicionar uma troca de chaves pós-quântica via Rosenpass sobre o WireGuard®."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "Ativar modo permissivo"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "Permitir conexões com peers sem suporte a resistência quântica."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "Servidor"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "Recursos"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "Autenticação"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "Ativar servidor SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "Executar o servidor SSH do NetBird neste host para que outros peers possam conectar a ele."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "Permitir login como root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "Permitir que peers façam login como usuário root. Desative para exigir uma conta sem privilégios."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "Permitir SFTP"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "Transferir arquivos com segurança usando clientes SFTP ou SCP nativos."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "Encaminhamento de porta local"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "Permitir que peers conectados encaminhem portas locais para serviços acessíveis a partir deste host."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "Encaminhamento de porta remota"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "Permitir que peers conectados exponham portas deste host de volta para a própria máquina deles."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "Ativar autenticação JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "Verificar cada sessão SSH no seu IdP para identidade do usuário e auditoria. Desative para depender apenas das políticas de ACL da rede, útil quando nenhum IdP está disponível."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "TTL do cache de JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "Por quanto tempo este cliente mantém um JWT em cache antes de solicitar novamente em conexões SSH de saída. Defina como 0 para desativar o cache e autenticar em cada conexão."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "s"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "Interface"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "Segurança"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "Nome"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "Use de 1 a 15 letras, dígitos, pontos, hifens ou sublinhados."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "Deve começar com \"utun\" seguido de um número (ex.: utun100)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "Porta"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "Insira uma porta entre {min} e {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "Se definida como 0, uma porta livre aleatória será usada."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "Insira um valor de MTU entre {min} e {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "Chave pré-compartilhada"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "PSK opcional do WireGuard para criptografia simétrica adicional. Não é o mesmo que uma chave de configuração do NetBird. Você só se comunicará com peers que usem a mesma chave pré-compartilhada."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "Pacote de depuração"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "Anonimizar informações sensíveis"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "Oculta endereços IP, domínios e outros valores sensíveis."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "O modo padrão mantém os endereços IPv4 internos e os nomes dos peers legíveis para o suporte. O modo estrito anonimiza também os endereços IP privados (RFC 1918), CGNAT e link-local, os nomes dos peers e as chaves públicas do WireGuard. Valores recorrentes recebem o mesmo marcador, então os peers continuam distinguíveis. Use o modo estrito ao compartilhar o pacote de depuração fora da sua organização."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "Nenhum"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "Padrão"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "Estrito"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "Incluir informações do sistema"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "Incluir o OS, o kernel, as interfaces de rede e as tabelas de roteamento."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "Enviar pacote aos servidores do NetBird"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "Retorna uma chave de upload para compartilhar com o suporte do NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "Habilitar logs de trace"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "Eleva o nível de log para TRACE e o restaura em seguida."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "Sessão de captura"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "Reconecta e aguarda para que você possa reproduzir o problema."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "Capturar pacotes de rede"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "Salva um .pcap do tráfego de rede durante a sessão de captura."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "Duração da captura"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "Por quanto tempo a sessão de captura é executada."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "min"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "Criar pacote"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "Coletando logs, detalhes do sistema e estado da conexão. Isto costuma levar um instante — mantenha esta janela aberta até concluir."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Cancelando…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "Pacote de depuração enviado com sucesso!"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "Pacote salvo"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "Compartilhe a chave de upload abaixo com o <docs>suporte do NetBird</docs>. Uma cópia local também foi salva no seu dispositivo."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "O seu pacote de depuração foi salvo localmente."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "Copiar chave"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "Abrir pasta"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "Abrir local do arquivo"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "Falha no upload: {reason} O pacote continua salvo localmente."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "Falha no upload. O pacote continua salvo localmente."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "Reconectando o NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "Capturando logs de depuração"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "Gerando o pacote de depuração…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "Enviando para o NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Cancelando…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[Development]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. Todos os direitos reservados."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "Identificação legal"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "Privacidade"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "Termos de serviço"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "Fórum"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "Documentação"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "Feedback"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "O NetBird {version} está pronto para instalar."
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "Mais tarde"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "Instalar agora"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "A versão {version} está disponível para download."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "A versão {version} está disponível para instalação."
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "Novidades?"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "Instalar agora"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "Baixar"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "O NetBird verifica atualizações em segundo plano."
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "Registro de alterações"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "Você está na versão mais recente"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "Atualização disponível"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "Atualizando o NetBird para a v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "Atualizando o NetBird"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "Uma versão mais recente está disponível e sendo instalada. O NetBird reiniciará automaticamente quando a atualização terminar."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "A atualização está demorando demais"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "A instalação de {target} demorou demais e não foi concluída."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "A atualização foi interrompida"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "A atualização para {target} foi cancelada antes de terminar."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "Não foi possível instalar a atualização"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "Não foi possível instalar {target}."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "erro desconhecido"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "a nova versão"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao carregar o estado da atualização"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao iniciar a atualização"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "Atualizando o cliente para: {version}."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "Atualizando o cliente."
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "A versão do seu cliente é anterior à versão de atualização automática definida no Management."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "Atualizando"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "A atualização expirou. Tente novamente."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "Atualização cancelada."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "Falha na atualização: {message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "erro de atualização desconhecido"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha na atualização"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "A atualização expirou."
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "Não feche esta janela."
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "Atualizando…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "Atualização concluída"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "Falha na atualização"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "Configurações"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "Login"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "Sessão expirando"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "Atualizando"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "Bem-vindo ao NetBird"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "Erro"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "Procure o NetBird na sua bandeja"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "Procure o NetBird na sua barra de menus"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "O NetBird fica na sua bandeja. Clique no ícone para conectar, alternar perfis ou abrir as configurações."
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "O NetBird fica na sua barra de menus. Clique no ícone para conectar, alternar perfis ou abrir as configurações."
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "Continuar"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "Voltar"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "Configurar o NetBird"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "Clique em Continuar para começar ou escolha Auto-hospedado se você tiver o seu próprio servidor NetBird."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "Use o nosso serviço hospedado. Sem configuração necessária."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "Auto-hospedado"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "Conecte ao seu próprio servidor de gerenciamento."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "URL do servidor de gerenciamento"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "Insira uma URL válida, ex.: https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Não foi possível acessar este servidor. Verifique a URL ou a sua rede e continue se tiver certeza de que está correta."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "Verificando…"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "Continue no seu navegador para concluir o login"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "Não está vendo a aba do navegador?"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "Tentar novamente"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao abrir o navegador"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "A sessão expira em breve"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "A sua sessão vai expirar"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "Este dispositivo será desconectado em breve. Renove com um login pelo navegador."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "Um login pelo navegador mantém este dispositivo conectado à sua rede."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "Renovar sessão"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "Autenticar"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "Sair"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "Sessão expirada"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "Dispositivo desconectado. Autentique com um login pelo navegador para reconectar."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "Fechar"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao renovar a sessão"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Falha ao sair"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Buscar por nome ou IP"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Todos"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "Online"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "Offline"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Nenhum peer disponível"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Você não tem nenhum peer disponível ou não tem acesso a nenhum deles."
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "Domínio"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "IP do NetBird"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "IPv6 do NetBird"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "Chave pública"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "Conexão"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "Latência"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "Último handshake"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "Última atualização da conexão"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "Bytes"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "Enviados"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "Recebidos"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "ICE local"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "ICE remoto"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "Nunca"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "Agora mesmo"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "Atualizar"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Conectado"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Conectando"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Desconectado"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "Relay"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "Recursos"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "Via relay"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass ativado"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Buscar por rede ou domínio"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Todos"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "Ativos"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "Sobrepostos"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Nenhum recurso disponível"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Você não tem nenhum recurso de rede disponível ou não tem acesso a nenhum deles."
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "Selecionado"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "Não selecionado"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "IPs resolvidos"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{selected} de {total} ativos"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "Ativar todos"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "Desativar todos"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Buscar nós de saída"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "Nenhum"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Nenhum nó de saída disponível"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Nenhum nó de saída foi compartilhado com este peer."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "Nó de saída"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "Ativo"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "Inativo"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "Nenhum"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "Conexão direta sem um nó de saída"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "Conectar"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Desconectar"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "O serviço do NetBird não está em execução"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "O aplicativo reconectará automaticamente assim que o serviço estiver em execução."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "Documentação"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "O NetBird Client está desatualizado"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "A nova GUI não é compatível com o seu cliente mais antigo. Atualize o seu cliente para usar o novo aplicativo."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "Baixar a versão mais recente"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "Falha no login: o relógio deste dispositivo está fora de sincronia com o servidor. Sincronize o relógio do sistema e tente novamente."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "O seu token de login expirou. Faça login novamente."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "Falha no login: a assinatura do token é inválida. Entre em contato com o seu administrador."
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "A sua sessão expirou. Faça login novamente."
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "A chave de configuração está ausente ou é inválida."
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "O login foi rejeitado pelo servidor."
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "O daemon do NetBird não está respondendo. Verifique se o serviço está em execução."
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "A operação falhou."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "O NetBird não conseguiu solicitar a este sistema os privilégios necessários. Execute isto em vez disso:"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "Não foi possível aplicar a alteração com privilégios elevados. Execute isto em vez disso:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "privilégios de root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "privilégios de administrador"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "Requer {actor}. Execute isto em vez disso:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "Você pode desativar isto, mas ativar novamente requer {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "Você pode ativar isto, mas desativar novamente requer {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "Aguardando a autorização…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/ru/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/ru/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3881a3783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/ru/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Отключено"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Не запущено"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "Ошибка"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Подключено"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Подключение"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "Требуется вход"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "Ошибка входа"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "Сеанс истёк"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "Сеанс истекает через {remaining}"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "менее чем минуту"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 минуту"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} минут"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 час"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} часов"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 день"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} дней"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Открыть NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "Подключиться"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Отключиться"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Выходной узел"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "Ресурсы"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "Профили"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Управление профилями"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Настройки…"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "Создать отладочный пакет"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "Помощь и поддержка"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "Документация"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "Диагностика"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "Загрузить последнюю версию"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "Установить версию {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "Демон: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "Выйти из NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "Служба NetBird устарела"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "Обновите службу NetBird, чтобы использовать это приложение."
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "Доступно обновление NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "Доступна версия NetBird {version}."
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " Ваш администратор требует установить это обновление."
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "Ошибка"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "Не удалось подключиться"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Не удалось отключиться"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Не удалось переключиться на {profile}"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Не удалось обновить выходной узел {name}"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "Сеанс NetBird истёк"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "Сеанс NetBird истёк. Пожалуйста, войдите снова."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "Сеанс скоро истечёт"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "Сеанс NetBird истекает через {remaining}. Нажмите «Продлить сейчас», чтобы продлить сеанс."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "Сеанс NetBird скоро истечёт. Нажмите «Продлить сейчас», чтобы продлить сеанс."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "Продлить сейчас"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "Закрыть"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "Не удалось продлить сеанс NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "Сеанс NetBird продлён"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "Сеанс обновлён."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "Неверный срок действия сеанса"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "Сервер передал неверный срок действия сеанса. Пожалуйста, войдите снова."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "Настройки NetBird обновлены"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "Конфигурация NetBird была обновлена в соответствии с вашей ИТ-политикой."
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "Отмена"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "Сохранить"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "Сохранить изменения"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "Сохранение…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "Закрыть"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "Копировать"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "Показать или скрыть пароль"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "Увеличить"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "Уменьшить"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "Удалить"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "Создать"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "Добавить"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "Убрать"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "Обновить"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "Загрузка…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "Ничего не найдено"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "Ничего не найдено. Попробуйте изменить поисковый запрос или фильтры."
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "Отключено"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "Сначала подключитесь к NetBird, чтобы увидеть подробную информацию о пирах, сетевых ресурсах и выходных узлах."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Отключено"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Подключение…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Подключено"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "Отключение…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Демон недоступен"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "Требуется вход"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось войти"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось подключиться"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось отключиться"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "Пиры"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{connected} из {total} подключено"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "Ресурсы"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{active} из {total} активно"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "Выходные узлы"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "Не активен"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "Через {name}"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "Открыть настройки"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "Показать или скрыть боковую панель"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "Загрузка…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "Нет профиля"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "Поиск профиля по имени…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Профили не найдены"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Измените поисковый запрос или создайте новый профиль."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "Новый профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "Дополнительные параметры"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "Отменить регистрацию"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "Удалить"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "Переключиться на этот профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "Изменить"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "Изменить профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "Сохранить изменения"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Введите имя профиля"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "Имя профиля"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "Задайте легко узнаваемое имя для профиля."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "например, работа"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "Добавить профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "Введите имя профиля, например работа или дом"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "Используйте NetBird Cloud или собственный сервер."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Не удалось связаться с сервером. Проверьте URL или всё равно добавьте профиль, если уверены, что он правильный."
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Настройки…"
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "Обычный вид"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "Расширенный вид"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Доступно обновление"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Открыть меню"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "Сменить профиль"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "Переключить подключение NetBird"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "Локальные IP-адреса"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "Поиск"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "Фильтр"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "Выбрать выходной узел"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "Открыть подробности для {name}, {status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Сведения об узле"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "Переключить {name}"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "Переключить все видимые ресурсы"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "Переключиться на профиль «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "Вы действительно хотите переключить профиль?\nТекущий профиль будет отключён."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "Подтвердить"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "Отменить регистрацию профиля «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "Вы действительно хотите отменить регистрацию этого профиля?\nДля его использования потребуется войти снова."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "Отменить регистрацию"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "Удалить профиль «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "Вы действительно хотите удалить этот профиль?\nЭто действие нельзя отменить."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "Активные профили нельзя удалить. Переключитесь на другой профиль, прежде чем удалять этот."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "Профиль по умолчанию нельзя удалить."
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось переключить профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось отменить регистрацию профиля"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось удалить профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось создать профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось изменить профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось загрузить профили"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "Активный профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Переключить профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "Другое"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Добавить профиль"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Управление профилями"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "Настройки"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "Профили"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "Управляйте несколькими профилями NetBird параллельно — например, рабочими и личными учётными записями или разными серверами управления. Ниже можно добавлять профили, отменять их регистрацию и удалять их."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Добавить профиль"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "Активен"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Нет профилей"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Создайте профиль, чтобы подключиться к серверу управления NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось загрузить настройки"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось сохранить настройки"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось создать отладочный пакет"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "Разделы настроек"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "Общие"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "Сеть"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "Безопасность"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "Профили"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "Дополнительно"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "Диагностика"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "О программе"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Доступно обновление"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "Общие"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "Подключение"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "Подключаться при запуске"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "Автоматически устанавливать подключение при запуске службы."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "Уведомления на рабочем столе"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "Показывать уведомления о новых обновлениях и событиях подключения."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "Запускать интерфейс NetBird при входе"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "Автоматически запускать интерфейс NetBird при входе в систему. Это влияет только на графический интерфейс, но не на фоновую службу."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось изменить автозапуск"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "Оставаться подключённым после выхода",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "Соединение остаётся активным в фоне после закрытия NetBird. Оно прервётся, только когда вы отключите его сами.",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "Язык интерфейса"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "Выберите язык интерфейса NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "Поиск языка…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "Языки не найдены."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "Сервер управления"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "Подключайтесь к NetBird Cloud или к собственному серверу управления. Изменения вызовут переподключение клиента."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "Собственный сервер"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "Введите корректный URL, например https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Не удалось связаться с сервером. Проверьте URL или всё равно сохраните, если уверены, что он правильный."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "Переключиться на NetBird Cloud?"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "Это отключит ваш собственный сервер.\nВозможно, потребуется войти снова."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "Переключиться на Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "Подключение"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "Маршрутизация и DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "Переподключаться при смене сети"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "Отслеживать сеть и автоматически переподключаться при изменениях, таких как смена Wi-Fi, изменения Ethernet или выход из спящего режима."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "Включить DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "Применять управляемые NetBird настройки DNS к системному резолверу."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Включить клиентские маршруты"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Принимать маршруты от других пиров для доступа к их сетям."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Включить серверные маршруты"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Анонсировать локальные маршруты этого хоста другим пирам."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "Включить IPv6"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "Использовать IPv6-адресацию для оверлейной сети NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "Брандмауэр"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "Шифрование"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "Блокировать входящий трафик"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "Отклонять незапрошенные подключения от пиров к этому устройству и сетям, которые оно маршрутизирует. Исходящий трафик не затрагивается."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "Блокировать доступ к LAN"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "Запрещать пирам доступ к вашей локальной сети и её устройствам, когда это устройство маршрутизирует их трафик."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "Включить квантовую устойчивость"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "Добавить постквантовый обмен ключами через Rosenpass поверх WireGuard®."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "Включить разрешающий режим"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "Разрешать подключения к пирам без поддержки квантовой устойчивости."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "Сервер"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "Возможности"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "Аутентификация"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "Включить SSH-сервер"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "Запускать SSH-сервер NetBird на этом хосте, чтобы другие пиры могли к нему подключаться."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "Разрешить вход под root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "Разрешить пирам входить под пользователем root. Отключите, чтобы требовать непривилегированную учётную запись."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "Разрешить SFTP"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "Безопасно передавать файлы через стандартные клиенты SFTP или SCP."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "Локальная переадресация портов"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "Разрешить подключающимся пирам туннелировать локальные порты к службам, доступным с этого хоста."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "Удалённая переадресация портов"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "Разрешить подключающимся пирам пробрасывать порты этого хоста на свою машину."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "Включить аутентификацию JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "Проверять каждую сессию SSH через ваш IdP для идентификации пользователя и аудита. Отключите, чтобы полагаться только на сетевые политики ACL — полезно, когда IdP недоступен."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "TTL кэша JWT"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "Как долго этот клиент кэширует JWT, прежде чем снова запрашивать его при исходящих SSH-подключениях. Установите 0, чтобы отключить кэширование и аутентифицироваться при каждом подключении."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "сек."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "Интерфейс"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "Безопасность"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "Имя"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "Используйте от 1 до 15 букв, цифр, точек, дефисов или подчёркиваний."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "Должно начинаться с «utun», за которым следует число (например, utun100)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "Порт"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "Введите порт от {min} до {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "Если задано 0, будет использован случайный свободный порт."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "Введите значение MTU от {min} до {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "Общий ключ"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "Необязательный PSK WireGuard для дополнительного симметричного шифрования. Это не то же самое, что ключ установки NetBird. Вы будете обмениваться данными только с пирами, использующими тот же общий ключ."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "Отладочный пакет"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "Анонимизировать конфиденциальную информацию"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "Скрывает IP-адреса, домены и другие конфиденциальные значения."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "Режим «По умолчанию» оставляет внутренние IPv4-адреса и имена пиров читаемыми для поддержки. Режим «Строгий» дополнительно анонимизирует частные (RFC 1918), CGNAT и link-local IP-адреса, имена пиров и публичные ключи WireGuard. Повторяющиеся значения заменяются одним и тем же заполнителем, поэтому пиры остаются различимыми. Используйте режим «Строгий», когда передаёте отладочный пакет за пределы вашей организации."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "Нет"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "По умолчанию"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "Строгий"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "Включить сведения о системе"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "Включить ОС, ядро, сетевые интерфейсы и таблицы маршрутизации."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "Загрузить пакет на серверы NetBird"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "Возвращает ключ загрузки, который можно передать поддержке NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "Включить журналы TRACE"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "Повышает уровень журналирования до TRACE и затем восстанавливает прежний."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "Сеанс записи"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "Переподключается и ожидает, чтобы вы могли воспроизвести проблему."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "Записывать сетевые пакеты"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "Сохраняет .pcap сетевого трафика во время сеанса записи."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "Длительность записи"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "Как долго длится сеанс записи."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "мин."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "Создать отладочный пакет"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "Сбор журналов, сведений о системе и состояния подключения. Обычно это занимает несколько секунд — не закрывайте это окно до завершения."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Отмена…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "Отладочный пакет успешно загружен!"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "Пакет сохранён"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "Поделитесь ключом загрузки ниже с <docs>поддержкой NetBird</docs>. Локальная копия также сохранена на вашем устройстве."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "Отладочный пакет сохранён локально."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "Копировать ключ"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "Открыть папку"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "Открыть расположение файла"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "Не удалось загрузить: {reason} Пакет всё равно сохранён локально."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "Не удалось загрузить. Пакет всё равно сохранён локально."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "Переподключение NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "Сбор отладочных журналов"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "Создание отладочного пакета…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "Загрузка в NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Отмена…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "Клиент NetBird v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "Клиент NetBird"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[Разработка]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. Все права защищены."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "Правовая информация"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "Конфиденциальность"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "Условия использования"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "Форум"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "Документация"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "Обратная связь"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} готов к установке."
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "Позже"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "Установить сейчас"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "Версия {version} доступна для загрузки."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "Версия {version} доступна для установки."
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "Что нового?"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "Установить сейчас"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "Загрузить"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "NetBird проверяет обновления в фоновом режиме."
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "Список изменений"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "У вас установлена последняя версия"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "Доступно обновление"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "Обновление NetBird до v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "Обновление NetBird"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "Доступна более новая версия, идёт её установка. NetBird автоматически перезапустится после завершения обновления."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "Обновление занимает слишком много времени"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "Установка {target} заняла слишком много времени и не завершилась."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "Обновление остановлено"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "Обновление до {target} было отменено до завершения."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось установить обновление"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "Не удалось установить обновление до {target}."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "неизвестная ошибка"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "новой версии"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось загрузить состояние обновления"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось запустить обновление"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "Обновление клиента до версии {version}."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "Обновление клиента."
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "Версия вашего клиента старше версии автообновления, заданной на сервере управления."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "Обновление"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "Время ожидания обновления истекло. Повторите попытку."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "Обновление отменено."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "Не удалось обновить: {message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "неизвестная ошибка обновления"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось обновить"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "Время ожидания обновления истекло."
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "Пожалуйста, не закрывайте это окно."
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "Обновление…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "Обновление завершено"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "Обновление не удалось"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "Настройки"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "Вход"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "Истечение сеанса"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "Обновление"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "Добро пожаловать в NetBird"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "Ошибка"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "Найдите NetBird в системном трее"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "Найдите NetBird в строке меню"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "NetBird находится в системном трее. Нажмите на значок, чтобы подключиться, переключить профиль или открыть настройки."
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "NetBird находится в строке меню. Нажмите на значок, чтобы подключиться, переключить профиль или открыть настройки."
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "Продолжить"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "Назад"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "Настройка NetBird"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "Нажмите «Продолжить», чтобы начать, или выберите «Собственный сервер», если у вас есть свой сервер NetBird."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "Используйте наш облачный сервис. Настройка не требуется."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "Собственный сервер"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "Подключитесь к собственному серверу управления."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "URL сервера управления"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "Введите корректный URL, например https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Не удалось связаться с сервером. Проверьте URL или сеть, затем продолжите, если уверены, что он правильный."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "Проверка…"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "Завершите вход в браузере"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "Мы открыли вкладку браузера, чтобы вы могли войти в аккаунт. Не видите вкладку?"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "Повторить"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось открыть браузер"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "Сеанс скоро истечёт"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "Ваш сеанс истечёт"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "Это устройство скоро будет отключено. Продлите сеанс через вход в браузере."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "Вход в браузере сохранит подключение этого устройства к вашей сети."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "Продлить сеанс"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "Войти"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "Выйти"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "Сеанс истёк"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "Устройство отключено. Войдите через браузер, чтобы переподключиться."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "Закрыть"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось продлить сеанс"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Не удалось выйти"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Поиск по имени или IP"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Все"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "В сети"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "Не в сети"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Нет доступных пиров"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "У вас нет доступных пиров или нет доступа ни к одному из них."
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "Домен"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "NetBird IP"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "NetBird IPv6"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "Открытый ключ"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "Подключение"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "Задержка"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "Последнее рукопожатие"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "Последнее обновление подключения"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "Байты"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "Отправлено"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "Получено"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "Локальный ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "Удалённый ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "Никогда"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "Только что"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "Обновить"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Подключено"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Подключение"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Отключено"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "Ретранслятор"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "Ресурсы"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "Через ретранслятор"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass включён"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Поиск по сети или домену"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Все"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "Активные"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "Пересекающиеся"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Нет доступных ресурсов"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "У вас нет доступных сетевых ресурсов или нет доступа ни к одному из них."
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "Выбрано"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "Не выбрано"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "Распознанные IP-адреса"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{selected} из {total} активно"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "Включить все"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "Отключить все"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Поиск выходных узлов"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "Нет"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Нет доступных выходных узлов"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Этому пиру не предоставлены выходные узлы."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "Выходной узел"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "Активен"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "Неактивен"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "Нет"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "Прямое подключение без выходного узла"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "Подключиться"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Отключиться"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "Служба NetBird не запущена"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "Приложение автоматически переподключится, как только служба будет запущена."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "Документация"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "Клиент NetBird устарел"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "Новый GUI несовместим с вашим более старым клиентом. Обновите клиент, чтобы использовать новое приложение."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "Скачать последнюю версию"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "Не удалось войти: часы этого устройства рассинхронизированы с сервером. Синхронизируйте системные часы и повторите попытку."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "Срок действия токена входа истёк. Войдите снова."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "Не удалось войти: недействительная подпись токена. Обратитесь к администратору."
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "Ваш сеанс истёк. Войдите снова."
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "Ключ установки отсутствует или недействителен."
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "Сервер отклонил вход."
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "Демон NetBird не отвечает. Проверьте, запущена ли служба."
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "Не удалось выполнить операцию."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "NetBird не смог запросить у этой системы нужные права. Выполните вместо этого:"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "Не удалось применить изменение с повышенными правами. Выполните вместо этого:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "права root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "права администратора"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "Требуются {actor}. Выполните вместо этого:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "Отключить можно, но чтобы включить снова, нужны {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "Включить можно, но чтобы отключить снова, нужны {actor}."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "Ожидание авторизации…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/uk/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/uk/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e3f24102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/uk/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1376 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Відключено"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Не запущено"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "Помилка"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Підключено"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Підключення"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "Потрібно ввійти"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "Помилка входу"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "Сеанс закінчився"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "До завершення сеансу: {remaining}"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "менше хвилини"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 хв."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} хв."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 год."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} год."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 дн."
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} дн."
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Відкрити NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "Підключитися"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Відключитися"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Вихідний вузол"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "Ресурси"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "Профілі"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Керування профілями"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Налаштування…"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "Створити архів діагностики"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "Допомога та підтримка"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "Документація"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "Діагностика"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "Завантажити останню версію"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "Встановити версію {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "Графічний інтерфейс: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "Служба: {version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "Вийти з NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "Служба NetBird застаріла"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "Оновіть службу NetBird, щоб користуватися застосунком."
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "Доступне оновлення NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "Доступна версія NetBird {version}."
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " Ваш адміністратор вимагає встановити це оновлення."
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "Помилка"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося підключитися"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося відключитися"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося перемкнутися на {profile}"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося оновити вихідний вузол {name}"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "Сеанс NetBird закінчився"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "Ваш сеанс NetBird закінчився. Будь ласка, увійдіть знову."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "Сеанс невдовзі закінчиться"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "Ваш сеанс NetBird закінчиться через {remaining}. Натисніть «Продовжити зараз», щоб оновити його."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "Ваш сеанс NetBird невдовзі закінчиться. Натисніть «Продовжити зараз», щоб оновити його."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "Продовжити зараз"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "Закрити"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося продовжити сеанс NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "Сеанс NetBird продовжено"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "Ваш сеанс успішно продовжено."
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "Недійсний термін дії сеансу"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "Сервер надіслав недійсний термін дії сеансу. Будь ласка, увійдіть знову."
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "Налаштування NetBird оновлено"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "Конфігурацію NetBird оновлено відповідно до політики вашої організації."
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "Скасувати"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "Зберегти"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "Зберегти зміни"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "Збереження…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "Закрити"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "Копіювати"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "Показати/сховати пароль"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "Збільшити"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "Зменшити"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "Видалити"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "Створити"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "Додати"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "Вилучити"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "Оновити"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "Завантаження…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "Результатів не знайдено"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "Ми не змогли нічого знайти. Спробуйте змінити пошуковий запит або налаштування фільтрів."
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "Відключено"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "Спочатку підключіться до NetBird, щоб переглянути детальну інформацію про піри, мережеві ресурси та вихідні вузли."
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Відключено"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Підключення…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Підключено"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "Відключення…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "Служба недоступна"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "Потрібно ввійти"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка входу"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка підключення"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка відключення"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "Піри"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "Підключено {connected} з {total}"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "Ресурси"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "Активно {active} з {total}"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "Вихідні вузли"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "Неактивний"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "Через {name}"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "Відкрити налаштування"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "Показати/сховати бічну панель"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "Завантаження…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "Немає профілю"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "Пошук профілю за назвою…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Профілів не знайдено"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Спробуйте змінити пошуковий запит або створіть новий профіль."
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "Новий профіль"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "Додаткові параметри"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "Вийти з профілю"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "Видалити"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "Перемкнутися на цей профіль"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "Редагувати"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "Редагувати профіль"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "Зберегти зміни"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Введіть назву профілю"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "Назва профілю"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "Вкажіть зрозумілу назву для вашого профілю."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "наприклад, Робота"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "Додати профіль"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "Будь ласка, введіть назву профілю, наприклад, «Робота» або «Дім»."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "Використовуйте NetBird Cloud або власний сервер."
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося підключитися до цього сервера. Перевірте URL-адресу або додайте профіль, якщо ви впевнені, що вона правильна."
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "Налаштування…"
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "Стандартний вигляд"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "Розширений вигляд"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Доступне оновлення"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "Відкрити меню"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "Змінити профіль"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "Перемкнути підключення NetBird"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "Локальні IP-адреси"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "Пошук"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "Фільтр"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "Вибрати вихідний вузол"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "Відкрити деталі для {name}, {status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "Деталі піра"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "Перемкнути {name}"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "Перемкнути всі видимі ресурси"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "Перемкнутися на профіль «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "Ви впевнені, що хочете змінити профіль?\nВаш поточний профіль буде відключено."
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "Підтвердити"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "Вийти з профілю «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "Ви впевнені, що хочете вийти з цього профілю?\nВам доведеться увійти знову, щоб використовувати його."
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "Вийти"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "Видалити профіль «{name}»?"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "Ви впевнені, що хочете видалити цей профіль?\nЦю дію неможливо скасувати."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "Активні профілі не можна видаляти. Перемкніться на інший профіль перед видаленням цього."
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "Профіль за замовчуванням не можна видалити."
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка зміни профілю"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка виходу з профілю"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка видалення профілю"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка створення профілю"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка редагування профілю"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка завантаження профілів"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "Активний профіль"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "Змінити профіль"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "Інше"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Додати профіль"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "Керування профілями"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "Налаштування"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "Профілі"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "Використовуйте кілька профілів NetBird одночасно, наприклад, робочий та особистий облікові записи або різні сервери керування. Додавайте профілі, виходьте з них або видаляйте їх нижче."
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "Додати профіль"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "Активний"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "Немає профілів"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "Створіть профіль, щоб підключитися до сервера керування NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка завантаження налаштувань"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка збереження налаштувань"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка створення архіву діагностики"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "Розділи налаштувань"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "Загальні"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "Мережа"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "Безпека"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "Профілі"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "Розширені"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "Діагностика"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "Про програму"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "Доступне оновлення"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "Загальні"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "Підключення"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "Підключитися під час запуску"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "Автоматично встановлювати підключення під час запуску служби."
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "Сповіщення на робочому столі"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "Показувати сповіщення на робочому столі про нові оновлення та події підключення."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "Запускати інтерфейс NetBird під час входу"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "Автоматично запускати інтерфейс NetBird під час входу в систему. Це стосується лише графічного інтерфейсу, а не фонової служби."
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка зміни автозапуску"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "Залишатися підключеним після виходу"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "Підключення залишатиметься активним у фоновому режимі після закриття NetBird. Воно буде розірвано лише тоді, коли ви відключите його самостійно."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "Мова інтерфейсу"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "Виберіть мову для інтерфейсу NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "Пошук мови…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "Не знайдено жодної мови."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "Сервер керування"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "Підключайтеся до NetBird Cloud або власного сервера керування. Зміни призведуть до перепідключення клієнта."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "Власний сервер"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "Будь ласка, введіть дійсну URL-адресу, наприклад: https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося підключитися до цього сервера. Перевірте URL-адресу або все одно збережіть зміни, якщо ви впевнені, що вона правильна."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "Перемкнутися на NetBird Cloud?"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "Це відключить вас від власного сервера.\nВам може знадобитися увійти знову."
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "Перемкнутися на Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "Підключення"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "Маршрутизація та DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "Перепідключатися при зміні мережі"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "Відстежувати мережу й автоматично перепідключатися у разі таких змін, як перемикання Wi-Fi, зміна Ethernet-підключення або вихід із режиму сну."
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "Застосовувати налаштування DNS, якими керує NetBird, до локального DNS-розв’язувача хоста."
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути клієнтські маршрути"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Приймати маршрути від інших пірів для доступу до їхніх мереж."
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути серверні маршрути"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "Анонсувати локальні маршрути цього хоста іншим пірам."
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути IPv6"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "Використовувати адресацію IPv6 для оверлейної мережі NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "Брандмауер"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "Шифрування"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "Блокувати вхідний трафік"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "Відхиляти небажані підключення від пірів до цього пристрою та будь-яких мереж, які він маршрутизує. Вихідний трафік не обмежується."
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "Блокувати доступ до LAN"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "Заборонити пірам отримувати доступ до вашої локальної мережі або її пристроїв, коли цей пристрій маршрутизує їхній трафік."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути постквантову стійкість"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "Додати постквантовий обмін ключами через Rosenpass поверх WireGuard®."
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути дозвільний режим"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "Дозволити підключення до пірів без підтримки постквантової стійкості."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "Сервер"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "Можливості"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "Автентифікація"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути SSH-сервер"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "Запустити SSH-сервер NetBird на цьому хості, щоб інші піри могли підключатися до нього."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "Дозволити вхід як root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "Дозволити пірам входити як користувач root. Вимкніть, щоб вимагати непривілейований обліковий запис."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "Дозволити SFTP"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "Безпечно передавати файли за допомогою нативних клієнтів SFTP або SCP."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "Локальне переспрямування портів"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "Дозволити пірам, що підключаються, переспрямовувати локальні порти до сервісів, доступних із цього хоста."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "Віддалене переспрямування портів"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "Дозволити підключеним пірам відкривати порти на цьому хості з переспрямуванням на свої машини."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути JWT-автентифікацію"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "Перевіряти кожен сеанс SSH через ваш IdP для ідентифікації користувачів та аудиту. Вимкніть, щоб покладатися лише на політики мережевих ACL, що корисно, коли IdP недоступний."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "Час кешування JWT (TTL)"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "Як довго цей клієнт кешує JWT перед повторним запитом для вихідних SSH-з’єднань. Встановіть 0, щоб вимкнути кешування та проходити автентифікацію при кожному підключенні."
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "сек."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "Інтерфейс"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "Безпека"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "Назва"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "Використовуйте 1-15 літер, цифр, крапок, дефісів або підкреслень."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "Повинно починатися з «utun», після якого має йти число (наприклад, utun100)."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "Порт"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "Введіть порт між {min} та {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "Якщо встановлено 0, буде використано випадковий вільний порт."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "Введіть значення MTU між {min} та {max}."
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "Попередньо узгоджений ключ"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "Додатковий PSK WireGuard для симетричного шифрування. Це не те саме, що NetBird Setup Key. Ви зможете обмінюватися даними лише з тими пірами, які використовують такий самий попередньо узгоджений ключ."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "Архів діагностики"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "Анонімізувати чутливу інформацію"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "Приховує IP-адреси, домени та інші конфіденційні дані."
+    },
+        "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "«Стандартний» залишає внутрішні адреси IPv4 та імена пірів читабельними для служби підтримки. «Суворий» додатково анонімізує приватні (RFC 1918), CGNAT- та link-local-адреси, імена пірів і публічні ключі WireGuard. Однакові значення замінюються тим самим псевдонімом, тож піри залишаються розрізнюваними. Використовуйте «Суворий», якщо ділитеся архівом за межами організації."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "Вимкнено"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "Стандартний"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "Суворий"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "Додати інформацію про систему"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "Додати дані про ОС, ядро, мережеві інтерфейси та таблиці маршрутизації."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "Завантажити архів на сервери NetBird"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "Створює ключ завантаження, який можна передати службі підтримки NetBird."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути журнали рівня TRACE"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "Підвищує рівень журналювання до TRACE на час створення архіву та відновлює його після завершення."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "Запис сеансу"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "Перепідключає NetBird і чекає, щоб ви могли відтворити проблему."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "Захоплювати мережеві пакети"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "Зберігає файл .pcap із мережевим трафіком протягом сеансу захоплення."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "Тривалість захоплення"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "Скільки часу триває сеанс захоплення."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "хв."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "Створити архів"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "Збір журналів, даних про систему та інформації про стан підключення. Зазвичай це займає хвилину. Ви можете продовжувати використовувати NetBird або закрити вікно налаштувань, поки процес триває."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Скасування…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "Архів діагностики успішно завантажено!"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "Архів збережено"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "Поділіться ключем завантаження нижче зі <docs>службою підтримки NetBird</docs>. Локальну копію також збережено на вашому пристрої."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "Ваш архів діагностики збережено локально."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "Копіювати ключ"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "Відкрити папку"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "Відкрити розташування файлу"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "Помилка завантаження: {reason} Архів все одно збережено локально"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "Помилка завантаження. Архів все одно збережено локально."
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "Перепідключення NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "Запис журналів діагностики"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "Створення архіву діагностики…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "Завантаження на сервери NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "Скасування…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "NetBird Client"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[Розробка]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "Графічний інтерфейс v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "Графічний інтерфейс"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird. Усі права захищено."
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "Реквізити"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "Конфіденційність"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "Умови використання"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "Форум"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "Документація"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "Зворотний зв’язок"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} готовий до встановлення."
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "Пізніше"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "Встановити зараз"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "Версія {version} доступна для завантаження."
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "Версія {version} доступна для встановлення."
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "Що нового?"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "Встановити зараз"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "Завантажити"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "NetBird перевіряє наявність оновлень у фоновому режимі."
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "Список змін"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "Ви використовуєте останню версію"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "Доступне оновлення"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "Оновлення NetBird до v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "Оновлення NetBird"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "Доступна новіша версія, яка зараз встановлюється. NetBird автоматично перезапуститься після завершення оновлення."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "Оновлення триває занадто довго"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "Встановлення {target} тривало занадто довго і не завершилося."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "Оновлення зупинено"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "Оновлення до {target} було скасовано до його завершення."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося встановити оновлення"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося встановити оновлення до {target}."
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "Невідома помилка"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "нової версії"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка завантаження стану оновлення"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка запуску оновлення"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "Оновлення клієнта до версії {version}."
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "Оновлення клієнта."
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "Ваша версія клієнта старіша за версію для автооновлення, задану в Management."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "Оновлення"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "Час очікування оновлення минув. Будь ласка, спробуйте ще раз."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "Оновлення скасовано."
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "Помилка оновлення: {message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "невідома помилка оновлення"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка оновлення"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "Час очікування оновлення минув."
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "Будь ласка, не закривайте це вікно."
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "Оновлення…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "Оновлення завершено"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "Помилка оновлення"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "Налаштування"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "Вхід"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "Термін дії сеансу закінчується"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "Оновлення"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "Ласкаво просимо до NetBird"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "Помилка"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "Знайдіть NetBird в області сповіщень"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "Знайдіть NetBird у рядку меню"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "NetBird працює в області сповіщень. Натисніть на іконку, щоб підключитися, змінити профіль або відкрити налаштування."
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "NetBird працює в рядку меню. Натисніть на іконку, щоб підключитися, змінити профіль або відкрити налаштування."
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "Продовжити"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "Назад"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "Налаштування NetBird"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "Натисніть «Продовжити», щоб розпочати, або виберіть Власний сервер, якщо у вас є власний сервер NetBird."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "Використовуйте наш хмарний сервіс. Налаштування не потрібне."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "Власний сервер"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "Підключіться до власного сервера керування."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "URL-адреса сервера керування"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "Будь ласка, введіть дійсну URL-адресу, наприклад: https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося підключитися до цього сервера. Перевірте URL-адресу або вашу мережу, а потім продовжуйте, якщо ви впевнені, що вона правильна."
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "Перевірка…"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "Завершіть вхід у браузері"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "Ми відкрили вкладку браузера, щоб ви могли завершити вхід. Не бачите її?"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "Спробувати ще раз"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка відкриття браузера"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "Термін дії сеансу невдовзі закінчиться"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "Термін дії вашого сеансу закінчиться"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "Цей пристрій невдовзі буде відключено. Поновіть сеанс, увійшовши через браузер."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "Вхід через браузер підтримує підключення цього пристрою до вашої мережі."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "Продовжити сеанс"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "Увійти"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "Вийти"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "Термін дії сеансу закінчився"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "Пристрій відключено. Пройдіть автентифікацію у браузері, щоб перепідключитися."
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "Закрити"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка продовження сеансу"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "Помилка виходу"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Пошук за ім’ям або IP"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Усі"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "Онлайн"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "Офлайн"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Немає доступних пірів"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "У вас немає доступних пірів або доступу до жодного з них."
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "Домен"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "NetBird IP"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "NetBird IPv6"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "Публічний ключ"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "Підключення"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "Затримка"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "Останнє рукостискання"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "Останнє оновлення підключення"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "Байти"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "Надіслано"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "Отримано"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "Локальний ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "Віддалений ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "Ніколи"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "Щойно"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "Оновити"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "Підключено"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "Підключення"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "Відключено"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "Ретранслятор"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "Ресурси"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "Через ретранслятор"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "Rosenpass увімкнено"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Пошук за мережею або доменом"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "Усі"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "Активні"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "Перетинаються"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Немає доступних ресурсів"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "У вас немає доступних мережевих ресурсів або доступу до жодного з них."
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "Вибрано"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "Не вибрано"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "Визначені IP-адреси"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "Активні: {selected} з {total}"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "Увімкнути всі"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "Вимкнути всі"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "Пошук вихідних вузлів"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "Немає"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "Немає доступних вихідних вузлів"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "Цьому піру не надано жодного вихідного вузла."
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "Вихідний вузол"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "Активний"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "Неактивний"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "Немає"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "Пряме підключення без вихідного вузла"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "Підключитися"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "Відключитися"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "Служба NetBird не запущена"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "Програма перепідключиться автоматично, щойно служба запрацює."
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "Документація"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "Клієнт NetBird застарів"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "Новий графічний інтерфейс несумісний зі старою версією клієнта NetBird. Оновіть клієнт, щоб використовувати нову програму."
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "Завантажити останню версію"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "Помилка входу: годинник цього пристрою не синхронізовано із сервером. Будь ласка, синхронізуйте системний годинник і спробуйте знову."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "Термін дії вашого токена входу закінчився. Будь ласка, увійдіть знову."
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "Помилка входу: недійсний підпис токена. Будь ласка, зверніться до адміністратора."
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "Термін дії вашого сеансу закінчився. Будь ласка, увійдіть знову."
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "Setup Key відсутній або недійсний."
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "Вхід відхилено сервером."
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "Служба NetBird не відповідає. Будь ласка, перевірте, чи запущена служба."
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "Помилка операції."
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "NetBird не зміг запросити в системи привілеї, необхідні для внесення змін. Замість цього виконайте:"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "Не вдалося застосувати зміни з підвищеними привілеями. Замість цього виконайте:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "прав root"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "прав адміністратора"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "Потребує {actor}. Замість цього виконайте:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "Ви можете вимкнути це, але щоб увімкнути знову, знадобиться {actor}:"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "Ви можете увімкнути це, але щоб вимкнути знову, знадобиться {actor}:"
+    },
+        "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "Очікування авторизації…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.json b/client/ui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1ff3370d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/i18n/locales/zh-CN/common.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1378 @@
+{
+    "tray.tooltip": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "已断开连接"
+    },
+    "tray.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "未运行"
+    },
+    "tray.status.error": {
+        "message": "错误"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connected": {
+        "message": "已连接"
+    },
+    "tray.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "正在连接"
+    },
+    "tray.status.needsLogin": {
+        "message": "需要登录"
+    },
+    "tray.status.loginFailed": {
+        "message": "登录失败"
+    },
+    "tray.status.sessionExpired": {
+        "message": "会话已过期"
+    },
+    "tray.session.expiresIn": {
+        "message": "会话将在 {remaining} 后过期"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute": {
+        "message": "不到一分钟"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minute": {
+        "message": "1 分钟"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.minutes": {
+        "message": "{count} 分钟"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hour": {
+        "message": "1 小时"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.hours": {
+        "message": "{count} 小时"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.day": {
+        "message": "1 天"
+    },
+    "tray.session.unit.days": {
+        "message": "{count} 天"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.open": {
+        "message": "打开 NetBird"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.connect": {
+        "message": "连接"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.disconnect": {
+        "message": "断开连接"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.exitNode": {
+        "message": "出口节点"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.networks": {
+        "message": "资源"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.profiles": {
+        "message": "配置文件"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "管理配置文件"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "设置…"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.debugBundle": {
+        "message": "创建调试包"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.about": {
+        "message": "帮助与支持"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.documentation": {
+        "message": "文档"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.troubleshoot": {
+        "message": "故障排除"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.downloadLatest": {
+        "message": "下载最新版本"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.installVersion": {
+        "message": "安装 {version} 版本"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.guiVersion": {
+        "message": "GUI：{version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.daemonVersion": {
+        "message": "守护进程：{version}"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.versionUnknown": {
+        "message": "—"
+    },
+    "tray.menu.quit": {
+        "message": "退出 NetBird"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird 服务版本过旧"
+    },
+    "notify.daemonOutdated.body": {
+        "message": "请更新 NetBird 服务以使用此应用。"
+    },
+    "notify.update.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird 有可用更新"
+    },
+    "notify.update.body": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} 已可用。"
+    },
+    "notify.update.enforcedSuffix": {
+        "message": " 您的管理员要求进行此次更新。"
+    },
+    "notify.error.title": {
+        "message": "错误"
+    },
+    "notify.error.connect": {
+        "message": "连接失败"
+    },
+    "notify.error.disconnect": {
+        "message": "断开连接失败"
+    },
+    "notify.error.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "切换到 {profile} 失败"
+    },
+    "notify.error.exitNode": {
+        "message": "更新出口节点 {name} 失败"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird 会话已过期"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionExpired.body": {
+        "message": "您的 NetBird 会话已过期。请重新登录。"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.title": {
+        "message": "会话即将过期"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.body": {
+        "message": "您的 NetBird 会话将在 {remaining} 后过期。点击“立即延长”以续期。"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric": {
+        "message": "您的 NetBird 会话即将过期。点击“立即延长”以续期。"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.extend": {
+        "message": "立即延长"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.dismiss": {
+        "message": "忽略"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.failed": {
+        "message": "延长 NetBird 会话失败"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successTitle": {
+        "message": "NetBird 会话已延长"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionWarning.successBody": {
+        "message": "您的会话已刷新。"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title": {
+        "message": "会话截止时间被拒绝"
+    },
+    "notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body": {
+        "message": "服务器发送了无效的会话截止时间。请重新登录。"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird 设置已更新"
+    },
+    "notify.mdm.policyApplied.body": {
+        "message": "您的 NetBird 配置已根据 IT 策略更新。"
+    },
+    "common.cancel": {
+        "message": "取消"
+    },
+    "common.save": {
+        "message": "保存"
+    },
+    "common.saveChanges": {
+        "message": "保存更改"
+    },
+    "common.saving": {
+        "message": "正在保存…"
+    },
+    "common.close": {
+        "message": "关闭"
+    },
+    "common.copy": {
+        "message": "复制"
+    },
+    "common.togglePasswordVisibility": {
+        "message": "切换密码可见性"
+    },
+    "common.increase": {
+        "message": "增加"
+    },
+    "common.decrease": {
+        "message": "减少"
+    },
+    "common.delete": {
+        "message": "删除"
+    },
+    "common.create": {
+        "message": "创建"
+    },
+    "common.add": {
+        "message": "添加"
+    },
+    "common.remove": {
+        "message": "移除"
+    },
+    "common.refresh": {
+        "message": "刷新"
+    },
+    "common.loading": {
+        "message": "正在加载…"
+    },
+    "common.netbird": {
+        "message": "NetBird"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.title": {
+        "message": "未找到任何结果"
+    },
+    "common.noResults.description": {
+        "message": "我们未能找到任何结果。请尝试其他搜索词或更改筛选条件。"
+    },
+    "notConnected.title": {
+        "message": "已断开连接"
+    },
+    "notConnected.description": {
+        "message": "请先连接到 NetBird，以查看有关对等节点、网络资源和出口节点的详细信息。"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "已断开连接"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "正在连接…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.connected": {
+        "message": "已连接"
+    },
+    "connect.status.disconnecting": {
+        "message": "正在断开连接…"
+    },
+    "connect.status.daemonUnavailable": {
+        "message": "守护进程不可用"
+    },
+    "connect.status.loginRequired": {
+        "message": "需要登录"
+    },
+    "connect.error.loginTitle": {
+        "message": "登录失败"
+    },
+    "connect.error.connectTitle": {
+        "message": "连接失败"
+    },
+    "connect.error.disconnectTitle": {
+        "message": "断开连接失败"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.title": {
+        "message": "对等节点"
+    },
+    "nav.peers.description": {
+        "message": "{total} 个中已连接 {connected} 个"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.title": {
+        "message": "资源"
+    },
+    "nav.resources.description": {
+        "message": "{total} 个中已激活 {active} 个"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.title": {
+        "message": "出口节点"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.none": {
+        "message": "未激活"
+    },
+    "nav.exitNode.using": {
+        "message": "经由 {name}"
+    },
+    "header.openSettings": {
+        "message": "打开设置"
+    },
+    "header.togglePanel": {
+        "message": "切换侧边栏"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.loading": {
+        "message": "正在加载…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.noProfile": {
+        "message": "无配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.searchPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "按名称搜索配置文件…"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "未找到配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "请尝试其他搜索词或创建新的配置文件。"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.newProfile": {
+        "message": "新建配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.moreOptions": {
+        "message": "更多选项"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.deregister": {
+        "message": "注销"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.delete": {
+        "message": "删除"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.switchTo": {
+        "message": "切换到此配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.selector.edit": {
+        "message": "编辑"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.title": {
+        "message": "编辑配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.edit.submit": {
+        "message": "保存更改"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "输入配置文件名称"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.nameLabel": {
+        "message": "配置文件名称"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.description": {
+        "message": "为您的配置文件设置一个易于识别的名称。"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.placeholder": {
+        "message": "例如：工作"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.submit": {
+        "message": "添加配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.required": {
+        "message": "请输入配置文件名称，例如：工作、家庭"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.managementHelp": {
+        "message": "使用 NetBird Cloud 或您自己的服务器。"
+    },
+    "profile.dialog.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "无法连接到此服务器。请检查 URL，如果确认无误，也可以照常添加该配置文件。"
+    },
+    "header.menu.settings": {
+        "message": "设置…"
+    },
+    "header.menu.defaultView": {
+        "message": "默认视图"
+    },
+    "header.menu.advancedView": {
+        "message": "高级视图"
+    },
+    "header.menu.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "有可用更新"
+    },
+    "header.menu.open": {
+        "message": "打开菜单"
+    },
+    "header.profile.switch": {
+        "message": "切换配置文件"
+    },
+    "connect.toggle.label": {
+        "message": "切换 NetBird 连接"
+    },
+    "connect.localIp.label": {
+        "message": "本地 IP 地址"
+    },
+    "common.search": {
+        "message": "搜索"
+    },
+    "common.filter": {
+        "message": "筛选"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.trigger": {
+        "message": "选择出口节点"
+    },
+    "peers.row.label": {
+        "message": "打开 {name} 的详情，{status}"
+    },
+    "peers.dialog.title": {
+        "message": "对等节点详情"
+    },
+    "networks.row.toggle": {
+        "message": "切换 {name}"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.label": {
+        "message": "切换所有可见资源"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.title": {
+        "message": "切换到配置文件“{name}”？"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.message": {
+        "message": "您确定要切换配置文件吗？\n您当前的配置文件将被断开连接。"
+    },
+    "profile.switch.confirm": {
+        "message": "确认"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.title": {
+        "message": "注销配置文件“{name}”？"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.message": {
+        "message": "您确定要注销此配置文件吗？\n您将需要重新登录才能使用它。"
+    },
+    "profile.deregister.confirm": {
+        "message": "注销"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.title": {
+        "message": "删除配置文件“{name}”？"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.message": {
+        "message": "您确定要删除此配置文件吗？\n此操作无法撤销。"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledActive": {
+        "message": "无法删除处于活动状态的配置文件。请先切换到其他配置文件，再删除此配置文件。"
+    },
+    "profile.delete.disabledDefault": {
+        "message": "无法删除默认配置文件。"
+    },
+    "profile.error.switchTitle": {
+        "message": "切换配置文件失败"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deregisterTitle": {
+        "message": "注销配置文件失败"
+    },
+    "profile.error.deleteTitle": {
+        "message": "删除配置文件失败"
+    },
+    "profile.error.createTitle": {
+        "message": "创建配置文件失败"
+    },
+    "profile.error.editTitle": {
+        "message": "编辑配置文件失败"
+    },
+    "profile.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "加载配置文件失败"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.activeProfile": {
+        "message": "当前配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.switchProfile": {
+        "message": "切换配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.noEmail": {
+        "message": "其他"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.addProfile": {
+        "message": "添加配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.manageProfiles": {
+        "message": "管理配置文件"
+    },
+    "profile.dropdown.settings": {
+        "message": "设置"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.section.profiles": {
+        "message": "配置文件"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.intro": {
+        "message": "并行保留多个独立的 NetBird 身份，例如工作和个人账户，或不同的管理服务器。可在下方添加、注销或删除配置文件。"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.addProfile": {
+        "message": "添加配置文件"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.active": {
+        "message": "活动"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyTitle": {
+        "message": "无配置文件"
+    },
+    "settings.profiles.emptyDescription": {
+        "message": "创建一个配置文件以连接到 NetBird 管理服务器。"
+    },
+    "settings.error.loadTitle": {
+        "message": "加载设置失败"
+    },
+    "settings.error.saveTitle": {
+        "message": "保存设置失败"
+    },
+    "settings.error.debugBundleTitle": {
+        "message": "创建调试包失败"
+    },
+    "settings.nav.label": {
+        "message": "设置部分"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.general": {
+        "message": "常规"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.network": {
+        "message": "网络"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.security": {
+        "message": "安全"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.profiles": {
+        "message": "配置文件"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.ssh": {
+        "message": "SSH"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.advanced": {
+        "message": "高级"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.troubleshooting": {
+        "message": "故障排除"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.about": {
+        "message": "关于"
+    },
+    "settings.tabs.updateAvailable": {
+        "message": "有可用更新"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.general": {
+        "message": "常规"
+    },
+    "settings.general.section.connection": {
+        "message": "连接"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.label": {
+        "message": "启动时连接"
+    },
+    "settings.general.connectOnStartup.help": {
+        "message": "在服务启动时自动建立连接。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.label": {
+        "message": "桌面通知"
+    },
+    "settings.general.notifications.help": {
+        "message": "显示有关新更新和连接事件的桌面通知。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.label": {
+        "message": "登录时启动 NetBird 界面"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.help": {
+        "message": "在您登录时自动启动 NetBird 界面。此设置仅影响图形界面，不影响后台服务。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.autostart.errorTitle": {
+        "message": "更改自启动设置失败"
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.label": {
+        "message": "退出后保持连接",
+        "description": "Toggle label: keep the VPN connection up after quitting the UI."
+    },
+    "settings.general.keepConnectedOnQuit.help": {
+        "message": "关闭 NetBird 后，连接会在后台保持。只有你自己断开时才会停止。",
+        "description": "Helper text for the stay-connected-after-quitting toggle."
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.label": {
+        "message": "显示语言"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.help": {
+        "message": "选择 NetBird 界面的语言。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.search": {
+        "message": "搜索语言…"
+    },
+    "settings.general.language.empty": {
+        "message": "没有匹配的语言。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.label": {
+        "message": "管理服务器"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.help": {
+        "message": "连接到 NetBird Cloud 或您自己的自托管管理服务器。更改将使客户端重新连接。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.cloud": {
+        "message": "Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.selfHosted": {
+        "message": "自托管"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlError": {
+        "message": "请输入有效的 URL，例如：https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "无法连接到此服务器。请检查 URL，如果确认无误，也可以照常保存。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudTitle": {
+        "message": "切换到 NetBird Cloud？"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudMessage": {
+        "message": "这将断开您的自托管服务器。\n您可能需要重新登录。"
+    },
+    "settings.general.management.switchCloudConfirm": {
+        "message": "切换到 Cloud"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.connectivity": {
+        "message": "连接性"
+    },
+    "settings.network.section.routingDns": {
+        "message": "路由与 DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.label": {
+        "message": "网络变化时重新连接"
+    },
+    "settings.network.monitor.help": {
+        "message": "监测网络，并在发生变化时自动重新连接，例如切换 Wi-Fi、以太网变化或从睡眠中恢复。"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.label": {
+        "message": "启用 DNS"
+    },
+    "settings.network.dns.help": {
+        "message": "将 NetBird 管理的 DNS 设置应用到主机解析器。"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "启用客户端路由"
+    },
+    "settings.network.clientRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "接受来自其他对等节点的路由，以访问它们的网络。"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.label": {
+        "message": "启用服务器路由"
+    },
+    "settings.network.serverRoutes.help": {
+        "message": "向其他对等节点通告此主机的本地路由。"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.label": {
+        "message": "启用 IPv6"
+    },
+    "settings.network.ipv6.help": {
+        "message": "为 NetBird 叠加网络使用 IPv6 寻址。"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.firewall": {
+        "message": "防火墙"
+    },
+    "settings.security.section.encryption": {
+        "message": "加密"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.label": {
+        "message": "阻止入站流量"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockInbound.help": {
+        "message": "拒绝对等节点向本设备及其路由的任何网络发起的未经请求的连接。出站流量不受影响。"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.label": {
+        "message": "阻止 LAN 访问"
+    },
+    "settings.security.blockLan.help": {
+        "message": "当本设备为对等节点路由流量时，阻止它们访问您的本地网络或其设备。"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.label": {
+        "message": "启用抗量子加密"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpass.help": {
+        "message": "在 WireGuard® 之上通过 Rosenpass 添加后量子密钥交换。"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.label": {
+        "message": "启用宽松模式"
+    },
+    "settings.security.rosenpassPermissive.help": {
+        "message": "允许连接到不支持抗量子加密的对等节点。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.server": {
+        "message": "服务器"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.capabilities": {
+        "message": "功能"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.section.authentication": {
+        "message": "身份验证"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.label": {
+        "message": "启用 SSH 服务器"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.server.help": {
+        "message": "在此主机上运行 NetBird SSH 服务器，以便其他对等节点可以连接到它。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.label": {
+        "message": "允许 root 登录"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.root.help": {
+        "message": "允许对等节点以 root 用户身份登录。禁用后将要求使用非特权账户。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.label": {
+        "message": "允许 SFTP"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.sftp.help": {
+        "message": "使用原生 SFTP 或 SCP 客户端安全地传输文件。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.label": {
+        "message": "本地端口转发"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.localForward.help": {
+        "message": "允许连接的对等节点将本地端口隧道转发到此主机可访问的服务。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.label": {
+        "message": "远程端口转发"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.remoteForward.help": {
+        "message": "允许连接的对等节点将此主机上的端口反向暴露到它们自己的机器。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.label": {
+        "message": "启用 JWT 身份验证"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwt.help": {
+        "message": "针对您的 IdP 验证每个 SSH 会话，以确认用户身份并进行审计。禁用后将仅依赖网络 ACL 策略，在没有可用 IdP 时很有用。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.label": {
+        "message": "JWT 缓存 TTL"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.help": {
+        "message": "在出站 SSH 连接再次提示前，此客户端缓存 JWT 的时长。设为 0 可禁用缓存，每次连接都进行身份验证。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.jwtTtl.suffix": {
+        "message": "秒"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.interface": {
+        "message": "接口"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.section.security": {
+        "message": "安全"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.label": {
+        "message": "名称"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.error": {
+        "message": "请使用 1-15 个字母、数字、点、连字符或下划线。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.interfaceName.errorMac": {
+        "message": "必须以“utun”开头，后跟一个数字（例如 utun100）。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.label": {
+        "message": "端口"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.error": {
+        "message": "请输入介于 {min} 和 {max} 之间的端口。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.port.help": {
+        "message": "如果设为 0，将使用一个随机的空闲端口。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.label": {
+        "message": "MTU"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.mtu.error": {
+        "message": "请输入介于 {min} 和 {max} 之间的 MTU 值。"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.label": {
+        "message": "预共享密钥"
+    },
+    "settings.advanced.psk.help": {
+        "message": "可选的 WireGuard PSK，用于额外的对称加密。它与 NetBird 设置密钥不同。您将只能与使用相同预共享密钥的对等节点通信。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.section.title": {
+        "message": "调试包"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.label": {
+        "message": "匿名化敏感信息"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.help": {
+        "message": "隐藏 IP 地址、域名和其他敏感值。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.info": {
+        "message": "默认级别保留内部 IPv4 地址和对等节点名称，便于支持人员阅读。严格级别还会匿名化私有 (RFC 1918)、CGNAT 和链路本地 IP 地址、对等节点名称以及 WireGuard 公钥。相同的值会映射到相同的占位符，因此对等节点仍可区分。向组织外部分享调试包时请使用严格级别。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.none": {
+        "message": "无"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.default": {
+        "message": "默认"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.anonymize.strict": {
+        "message": "严格"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.label": {
+        "message": "包含系统信息"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.systemInfo.help": {
+        "message": "包含操作系统、内核、网络接口和路由表。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.label": {
+        "message": "将调试包上传到 NetBird 服务器"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.upload.help": {
+        "message": "返回一个上传密钥，供您分享给 NetBird 支持团队。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.label": {
+        "message": "启用跟踪日志"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.trace.help": {
+        "message": "将日志级别提升到 TRACE，之后再恢复原级别。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.label": {
+        "message": "捕获会话"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.capture.help": {
+        "message": "重新连接并等待，以便您复现问题。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.label": {
+        "message": "捕获网络数据包"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.packets.help": {
+        "message": "在捕获期间将网络流量保存为 .pcap 文件。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.label": {
+        "message": "捕获时长"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.help": {
+        "message": "捕获会话运行的时长。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.duration.suffix": {
+        "message": "分钟"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.create": {
+        "message": "创建调试包"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.progress.description": {
+        "message": "正在收集日志、系统详情和连接状态。这通常只需片刻——请保持此窗口打开，直到完成。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.cancelling": {
+        "message": "正在取消…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedTitle": {
+        "message": "调试包已成功上传！"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedTitle": {
+        "message": "调试包已保存"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.uploadedDescription": {
+        "message": "请将下方的上传密钥分享给 <docs>NetBird 支持团队</docs>。本地也已保存了一份副本。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.savedDescription": {
+        "message": "您的调试包已保存在本地。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.copyKey": {
+        "message": "复制密钥"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFolder": {
+        "message": "打开文件夹"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.done.openFileLocation": {
+        "message": "打开文件位置"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailedWithReason": {
+        "message": "上传失败：{reason} 调试包仍已保存在本地。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.uploadFailed": {
+        "message": "上传失败。调试包仍已保存在本地。"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.reconnecting": {
+        "message": "正在重新连接 NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.capturing": {
+        "message": "正在捕获调试日志"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.bundling": {
+        "message": "正在生成调试包…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.uploading": {
+        "message": "正在上传到 NetBird…"
+    },
+    "settings.troubleshooting.stage.cancelling": {
+        "message": "正在取消…"
+    },
+    "settings.about.client": {
+        "message": "NetBird 客户端 v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.clientName": {
+        "message": "NetBird 客户端"
+    },
+    "settings.about.development": {
+        "message": "[开发版]"
+    },
+    "settings.about.gui": {
+        "message": "GUI v{version}"
+    },
+    "settings.about.guiName": {
+        "message": "GUI"
+    },
+    "settings.about.copyright": {
+        "message": "© {year} NetBird。保留所有权利。"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.imprint": {
+        "message": "法律声明"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.privacy": {
+        "message": "隐私"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.cla": {
+        "message": "CLA"
+    },
+    "settings.about.links.terms": {
+        "message": "服务条款"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.github": {
+        "message": "GitHub"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.slack": {
+        "message": "Slack"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.forum": {
+        "message": "论坛"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.documentation": {
+        "message": "文档"
+    },
+    "settings.about.community.feedback": {
+        "message": "反馈"
+    },
+    "update.banner.message": {
+        "message": "NetBird {version} 已准备好安装。"
+    },
+    "update.banner.later": {
+        "message": "稍后"
+    },
+    "update.banner.installNow": {
+        "message": "立即安装"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableDownload": {
+        "message": "{version} 版本可供下载。"
+    },
+    "update.card.versionAvailableInstall": {
+        "message": "{version} 版本可供安装。"
+    },
+    "update.card.whatsNew": {
+        "message": "更新内容？"
+    },
+    "update.card.installNow": {
+        "message": "立即安装"
+    },
+    "update.card.getInstaller": {
+        "message": "下载"
+    },
+    "update.card.autoCheckInterval": {
+        "message": "NetBird 会在后台检查更新。"
+    },
+    "update.card.changelog": {
+        "message": "更新日志"
+    },
+    "update.card.onLatestVersion": {
+        "message": "您已是最新版本"
+    },
+    "update.header.tooltip": {
+        "message": "有可用更新"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updatingVersion": {
+        "message": "正在将 NetBird 更新到 v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.updating": {
+        "message": "正在更新 NetBird"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.description": {
+        "message": "有更新的版本可用，正在安装。更新完成后，NetBird 将自动重启。"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutTitle": {
+        "message": "更新耗时过长"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.timeoutDescription": {
+        "message": "安装 {target} 耗时过长，未能完成。"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledTitle": {
+        "message": "更新已停止"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.canceledDescription": {
+        "message": "对 {target} 的更新在完成前已被取消。"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failTitle": {
+        "message": "无法安装更新"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.failDescription": {
+        "message": "无法安装 {target}。"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.unknownMessage": {
+        "message": "未知错误"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetVersion": {
+        "message": "v{version}"
+    },
+    "update.overlay.error.targetFallback": {
+        "message": "新版本"
+    },
+    "update.error.loadStateTitle": {
+        "message": "加载更新状态失败"
+    },
+    "update.error.triggerTitle": {
+        "message": "启动更新失败"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLine": {
+        "message": "正在将客户端更新到：{version}。"
+    },
+    "update.page.versionLineGeneric": {
+        "message": "正在更新客户端。"
+    },
+    "update.page.outdated": {
+        "message": "您的客户端版本早于管理服务器中设置的自动更新版本。"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.running": {
+        "message": "正在更新"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.timeout": {
+        "message": "更新超时。请重试。"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.canceled": {
+        "message": "更新已取消。"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.failed": {
+        "message": "更新失败：{message}"
+    },
+    "update.page.status.unknownError": {
+        "message": "未知的更新错误"
+    },
+    "update.page.failedTitle": {
+        "message": "更新失败"
+    },
+    "update.page.timeoutMessage": {
+        "message": "更新超时。"
+    },
+    "update.page.dontClose": {
+        "message": "请勿关闭此窗口。"
+    },
+    "update.page.updating": {
+        "message": "正在更新…"
+    },
+    "update.page.complete": {
+        "message": "更新完成"
+    },
+    "update.page.failed": {
+        "message": "更新失败"
+    },
+    "window.title.settings": {
+        "message": "设置"
+    },
+    "window.title.signIn": {
+        "message": "登录"
+    },
+    "window.title.sessionExpiration": {
+        "message": "会话即将过期"
+    },
+    "window.title.updating": {
+        "message": "正在更新"
+    },
+    "window.title.welcome": {
+        "message": "欢迎使用 NetBird"
+    },
+    "window.title.error": {
+        "message": "错误"
+    },
+    "welcome.title": {
+        "message": "在托盘中查找 NetBird"
+    },
+    "welcome.titleMac": {
+        "message": "在菜单栏中查找 NetBird"
+    },
+    "welcome.description": {
+        "message": "NetBird 驻留在您的托盘中。点击图标即可连接、切换配置文件或打开设置。"
+    },
+    "welcome.descriptionMac": {
+        "message": "NetBird 驻留在您的菜单栏中。点击图标即可连接、切换配置文件或打开设置。"
+    },
+    "welcome.continue": {
+        "message": "继续"
+    },
+    "welcome.back": {
+        "message": "返回"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.title": {
+        "message": "设置 NetBird"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.description": {
+        "message": "点击“继续”即可开始；如果您有自己的 NetBird 服务器，请选择“自托管”。"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird Cloud"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.cloud.description": {
+        "message": "使用我们的托管服务。无需任何设置。"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.title": {
+        "message": "自托管"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.selfHosted.description": {
+        "message": "连接到您自己的管理服务器。"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlLabel": {
+        "message": "管理服务器 URL"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlPlaceholder": {
+        "message": "https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlInvalid": {
+        "message": "请输入有效的 URL，例如：https://netbird.selfhosted.com:443"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.urlUnreachable": {
+        "message": "无法连接到此服务器。请检查 URL 或您的网络，如果确认无误，再继续。"
+    },
+    "welcome.management.checking": {
+        "message": "正在检查…"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.title": {
+        "message": "请在浏览器中继续以完成登录"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.notSeeing": {
+        "message": "没看到浏览器标签页？"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.tryAgain": {
+        "message": "重试"
+    },
+    "browserLogin.openFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "打开浏览器失败"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.title": {
+        "message": "会话即将过期"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.titleLater": {
+        "message": "您的会话即将过期"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.description": {
+        "message": "此设备即将断开连接。通过浏览器登录进行续期。"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.descriptionLater": {
+        "message": "通过浏览器登录可让此设备保持连接到您的网络。"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.stay": {
+        "message": "续期会话"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.authenticate": {
+        "message": "进行身份验证"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logout": {
+        "message": "退出登录"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expired": {
+        "message": "会话已过期"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.expiredDescription": {
+        "message": "设备已断开连接。通过浏览器登录进行身份验证以重新连接。"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.close": {
+        "message": "关闭"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.extendFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "延长会话失败"
+    },
+    "sessionExpiration.logoutFailedTitle": {
+        "message": "退出登录失败"
+    },
+    "peers.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "按名称或 IP 搜索"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.all": {
+        "message": "全部"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.online": {
+        "message": "在线"
+    },
+    "peers.filter.offline": {
+        "message": "离线"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.title": {
+        "message": "无可用的对等节点"
+    },
+    "peers.empty.description": {
+        "message": "您可能没有任何可用的对等节点，或者无权访问其中任何一个。"
+    },
+    "peers.details.domain": {
+        "message": "域名"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIp": {
+        "message": "NetBird IP"
+    },
+    "peers.details.netbirdIpv6": {
+        "message": "NetBird IPv6"
+    },
+    "peers.details.publicKey": {
+        "message": "公钥"
+    },
+    "peers.details.connection": {
+        "message": "连接"
+    },
+    "peers.details.latency": {
+        "message": "延迟"
+    },
+    "peers.details.lastHandshake": {
+        "message": "上次握手"
+    },
+    "peers.details.statusSince": {
+        "message": "上次连接更新"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytes": {
+        "message": "字节"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesSent": {
+        "message": "已发送"
+    },
+    "peers.details.bytesReceived": {
+        "message": "已接收"
+    },
+    "peers.details.localIce": {
+        "message": "本地 ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.remoteIce": {
+        "message": "远程 ICE"
+    },
+    "peers.details.never": {
+        "message": "从不"
+    },
+    "peers.details.justNow": {
+        "message": "刚刚"
+    },
+    "peers.details.refresh": {
+        "message": "刷新"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connected": {
+        "message": "已连接"
+    },
+    "peers.status.connecting": {
+        "message": "正在连接"
+    },
+    "peers.status.disconnected": {
+        "message": "已断开连接"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayAddress": {
+        "message": "中继"
+    },
+    "peers.details.networks": {
+        "message": "资源"
+    },
+    "peers.details.relayed": {
+        "message": "经中继"
+    },
+    "peers.details.p2p": {
+        "message": "P2P"
+    },
+    "peers.details.rosenpass": {
+        "message": "已启用 Rosenpass"
+    },
+    "networks.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "按网络或域名搜索"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.all": {
+        "message": "全部"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.active": {
+        "message": "活动"
+    },
+    "networks.filter.overlapping": {
+        "message": "重叠"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.title": {
+        "message": "无可用资源"
+    },
+    "networks.empty.description": {
+        "message": "您可能没有任何可用的网络资源，或者无权访问其中任何一个。"
+    },
+    "networks.selected": {
+        "message": "已选择"
+    },
+    "networks.unselected": {
+        "message": "未选择"
+    },
+    "networks.ips.heading": {
+        "message": "已解析的 IP"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.selectionCount": {
+        "message": "{total} 个中已激活 {selected} 个"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.enableAll": {
+        "message": "全部启用"
+    },
+    "networks.bulk.disableAll": {
+        "message": "全部禁用"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.search.placeholder": {
+        "message": "搜索出口节点"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.none": {
+        "message": "无"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.title": {
+        "message": "无可用的出口节点"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.empty.description": {
+        "message": "尚未向此对等节点共享任何出口节点。"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.title": {
+        "message": "出口节点"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusActive": {
+        "message": "活动"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.card.statusInactive": {
+        "message": "非活动"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneTitle": {
+        "message": "无"
+    },
+    "exitNodes.dropdown.noneDescription": {
+        "message": "不使用出口节点的直接连接"
+    },
+    "quickActions.connect": {
+        "message": "连接"
+    },
+    "quickActions.disconnect": {
+        "message": "断开连接"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird 服务未运行"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.description": {
+        "message": "服务运行后，应用将自动重新连接。"
+    },
+    "daemon.unavailable.docsLink": {
+        "message": "文档"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.title": {
+        "message": "NetBird 客户端版本过旧"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.description": {
+        "message": "新版 GUI 与您较旧的客户端不兼容。请更新客户端以使用新应用。"
+    },
+    "daemon.outdated.download": {
+        "message": "下载最新版本"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_clock_skew": {
+        "message": "登录失败：此设备的时钟与服务器不同步。请同步您的系统时钟后重试。"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_expired": {
+        "message": "您的登录令牌已过期。请重新登录。"
+    },
+    "error.jwt_signature_invalid": {
+        "message": "登录失败：令牌签名无效。请联系您的管理员。"
+    },
+    "error.session_expired": {
+        "message": "您的会话已过期。请重新登录。"
+    },
+    "error.invalid_setup_key": {
+        "message": "设置密钥缺失或无效。"
+    },
+    "error.permission_denied": {
+        "message": "登录被服务器拒绝。"
+    },
+    "error.daemon_unreachable": {
+        "message": "NetBird 守护进程无响应。请检查服务是否正在运行。"
+    },
+    "error.unknown": {
+        "message": "操作失败。"
+    },
+    "error.elevation_unavailable": {
+        "message": "NetBird 无法向此系统请求所需的权限。请改为运行："
+    },
+    "error.elevation_failed": {
+        "message": "即使使用提升的权限也无法应用此更改。请改为运行："
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorRoot": {
+        "message": "root 权限"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.actorAdministrator": {
+        "message": "管理员权限"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.hint": {
+        "message": "需要{actor}。请改为运行："
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWay": {
+        "message": "您可以关闭此项，但重新开启需要{actor}。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.oneWayInverted": {
+        "message": "您可以开启此项，但再次关闭需要{actor}。"
+    },
+    "settings.ssh.privilege.authorizePending": {
+        "message": "正在等待授权…"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/icons.go b/client/ui/icons.go
index 874f24fdd..5ab19ca05 100644
--- a/client/ui/icons.go
+++ b/client/ui/icons.go
@@ -1,16 +1,10 @@
-//go:build !(linux && 386) && !windows
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
 
 package main
 
-import (
-	_ "embed"
-)
+import _ "embed"
 
-//go:embed assets/netbird.png
-var iconAbout []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-disconnected.png
-var iconAboutDisconnected []byte
+// Windows reuses these PNGs: multi-frame .ico never redrew under Wails3's NIM_MODIFY, single-frame PNG does.
 
 //go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connected.png
 var iconConnected []byte
@@ -21,18 +15,6 @@ var iconConnectedDark []byte
 //go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-disconnected.png
 var iconDisconnected []byte
 
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected.png
-var iconUpdateDisconnected []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected-dark.png
-var iconUpdateDisconnectedDark []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected.png
-var iconUpdateConnected []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected-dark.png
-var iconUpdateConnectedDark []byte
-
 //go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connecting.png
 var iconConnecting []byte
 
@@ -44,3 +26,91 @@ var iconError []byte
 
 //go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-error-dark.png
 var iconErrorDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-needs-login.png
+var iconNeedsLogin []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected.png
+var iconUpdateConnected []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected-dark.png
+var iconUpdateConnectedDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected.png
+var iconUpdateDisconnected []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected-dark.png
+var iconUpdateDisconnectedDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connected-macos.png
+var iconConnectedMacOS []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-disconnected-macos.png
+var iconDisconnectedMacOS []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connecting-macos.png
+var iconConnectingMacOS []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-error-macos.png
+var iconErrorMacOS []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-needs-login-macos.png
+var iconNeedsLoginMacOS []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected-macos.png
+var iconUpdateConnectedMacOS []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected-macos.png
+var iconUpdateDisconnectedMacOS []byte
+
+// SNI has no template recoloring, so ship an explicit pair: black (*-mono.png)
+// for light panels, white (*-mono-dark.png) for dark panels.
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connected-mono.png
+var iconConnectedMono []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connected-mono-dark.png
+var iconConnectedMonoDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connecting-mono.png
+var iconConnectingMono []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connecting-mono-dark.png
+var iconConnectingMonoDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-disconnected-mono.png
+var iconDisconnectedMono []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-disconnected-mono-dark.png
+var iconDisconnectedMonoDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-error-mono.png
+var iconErrorMono []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-error-mono-dark.png
+var iconErrorMonoDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-needs-login-mono.png
+var iconNeedsLoginMono []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-needs-login-mono-dark.png
+var iconNeedsLoginMonoDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected-mono.png
+var iconUpdateConnectedMono []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected-mono-dark.png
+var iconUpdateConnectedMonoDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected-mono.png
+var iconUpdateDisconnectedMono []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected-mono-dark.png
+var iconUpdateDisconnectedMonoDark []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird.png
+var iconWindow []byte
+
+// Per-platform menu-row icons live in icons_menu_{windows,other}.go. Windows
+// uses 16x16: they go into the Win32 check-mark slot (SM_CXMENUCHECK, ~16x16 at
+// 100% DPI) which crops anything bigger; macOS/Linux use 24x24.
diff --git a/client/ui/icons_menu_darwin.go b/client/ui/icons_menu_darwin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c077a6d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/icons_menu_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package main
+
+import _ "embed"
+
+// 22px matches the NSMenuItem row text weight (HIG's 18-22 range);
+// Windows uses 16px and Linux 24px — see the sibling icons_menu_*.go.
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-connected-22.png
+var iconMenuDotConnected []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-connecting-22.png
+var iconMenuDotConnecting []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-error-22.png
+var iconMenuDotError []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-idle-22.png
+var iconMenuDotIdle []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-offline-22.png
+var iconMenuDotOffline []byte
diff --git a/client/ui/icons_menu_linux.go b/client/ui/icons_menu_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54e0c743a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/icons_menu_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package main
+
+import _ "embed"
+
+// 24x24: GTK4 menu rows render 22–48 px with no downscaling.
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-connected.png
+var iconMenuDotConnected []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-connecting.png
+var iconMenuDotConnecting []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-error.png
+var iconMenuDotError []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-idle.png
+var iconMenuDotIdle []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-offline.png
+var iconMenuDotOffline []byte
diff --git a/client/ui/icons_menu_windows.go b/client/ui/icons_menu_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c08359902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/icons_menu_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+import _ "embed"
+
+// SetMenuItemBitmaps sizes the HBITMAP to SM_CXMENUCHECK/SM_CYMENUCHECK (16x16
+// at 100% DPI); larger bitmaps overflow the row, hence this Windows-only set
+// downscaled from the 24x24 originals.
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-connected-16.png
+var iconMenuDotConnected []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-connecting-16.png
+var iconMenuDotConnecting []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-error-16.png
+var iconMenuDotError []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-idle-16.png
+var iconMenuDotIdle []byte
+
+//go:embed assets/netbird-menu-dot-offline-16.png
+var iconMenuDotOffline []byte
diff --git a/client/ui/icons_windows.go b/client/ui/icons_windows.go
deleted file mode 100644
index bd57b2690..000000000
--- a/client/ui/icons_windows.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	_ "embed"
-)
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird.ico
-var iconAbout []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-disconnected.ico
-var iconAboutDisconnected []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connected.ico
-var iconConnected []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connected-dark.ico
-var iconConnectedDark []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-disconnected.ico
-var iconDisconnected []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected.ico
-var iconUpdateDisconnected []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-disconnected-dark.ico
-var iconUpdateDisconnectedDark []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected.ico
-var iconUpdateConnected []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-update-connected-dark.ico
-var iconUpdateConnectedDark []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connecting.ico
-var iconConnecting []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-connecting-dark.ico
-var iconConnectingDark []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-error.ico
-var iconError []byte
-
-//go:embed assets/netbird-systemtray-error-dark.ico
-var iconErrorDark []byte
diff --git a/client/ui/localizer.go b/client/ui/localizer.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33c1cf205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/localizer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/i18n"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/preferences"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+// Localizer caches the active language so key lookups skip the preferences store.
+//
+// Kept in the main package (not i18n/) because StatusLabel maps daemon
+// status enum strings to translations; moving it would invert the
+// dependency direction.
+type Localizer struct {
+	bundle *i18n.Bundle
+	store  *preferences.Store
+
+	mu   sync.RWMutex
+	lang i18n.LanguageCode
+
+	unsubscribe func()
+}
+
+// NewLocalizer seeds the active language from the on-disk preference. Either
+// argument may be nil (tests): T then returns the raw key and Watch is a no-op.
+func NewLocalizer(bundle *i18n.Bundle, store *preferences.Store) *Localizer {
+	l := &Localizer{
+		bundle: bundle,
+		store:  store,
+		lang:   i18n.DefaultLanguage,
+	}
+	if store != nil {
+		if p := store.Get(); p.Language != "" {
+			l.lang = p.Language
+		}
+	}
+	return l
+}
+
+// Language returns the active language code.
+func (l *Localizer) Language() i18n.LanguageCode {
+	l.mu.RLock()
+	defer l.mu.RUnlock()
+	return l.lang
+}
+
+// T resolves key in the current language; args are {placeholder}/value pairs.
+// With no bundle wired it returns key unchanged.
+func (l *Localizer) T(key string, args ...string) string {
+	if l == nil || l.bundle == nil {
+		return key
+	}
+	l.mu.RLock()
+	lang := l.lang
+	l.mu.RUnlock()
+	return l.bundle.Translate(lang, key, args...)
+}
+
+// Watch invokes cb on each language change, after the cached language is
+// updated so cb may call l.T with the new locale. Replaces any prior subscription.
+func (l *Localizer) Watch(cb func(lang i18n.LanguageCode)) {
+	if l.store == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	ch, unsubscribe := l.store.Subscribe()
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	if l.unsubscribe != nil {
+		l.unsubscribe()
+	}
+	l.unsubscribe = unsubscribe
+	l.mu.Unlock()
+
+	go func() {
+		for p := range ch {
+			if p.Language == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			l.mu.Lock()
+			if l.lang == p.Language {
+				l.mu.Unlock()
+				continue
+			}
+			l.lang = p.Language
+			l.mu.Unlock()
+			log.Infof("localizer: language switched to %s", p.Language)
+			if cb != nil {
+				cb(p.Language)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// Close cancels the preference subscription.
+func (l *Localizer) Close() {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	if l.unsubscribe != nil {
+		l.unsubscribe()
+		l.unsubscribe = nil
+	}
+}
+
+// StatusLabel maps a daemon status string to its tray label; unrecognised
+// statuses pass through verbatim.
+func (l *Localizer) StatusLabel(status string) string {
+	switch {
+	case status == "", strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusIdle):
+		return l.T("tray.status.disconnected")
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusDaemonUnavailable):
+		return l.T("tray.status.daemonUnavailable")
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusConnected):
+		return l.T("tray.status.connected")
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusConnecting):
+		return l.T("tray.status.connecting")
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusNeedsLogin):
+		return l.T("tray.status.needsLogin")
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusLoginFailed):
+		return l.T("tray.status.loginFailed")
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusSessionExpired):
+		return l.T("tray.status.sessionExpired")
+	}
+	return status
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/main.go b/client/ui/main.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5652efcf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"embed"
+	"flag"
+	"io/fs"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/events"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/authsession"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/i18n"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/preferences"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/updater"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+//go:embed all:frontend/dist
+var assets embed.FS
+
+// localesRoot embeds the i18n bundles shared by the tray (Go) and the React
+// UI (Vite imports the same files). The `all:` prefix is required so
+// _index.json is included — //go:embed drops files starting with "_" or "."
+// otherwise.
+//
+//go:embed all:i18n/locales
+var localesRoot embed.FS
+
+// stringList collects repeated string flags. The first user-supplied value
+// drops the seeded default; subsequent passes append.
+type stringList struct {
+	values  []string
+	userSet bool
+}
+
+func (s *stringList) String() string {
+	return strings.Join(s.values, ",")
+}
+
+func (s *stringList) Set(v string) error {
+	if !s.userSet {
+		s.values = nil
+		s.userSet = true
+	}
+	s.values = append(s.values, v)
+	return nil
+}
+
+type registeredServices struct {
+	connection      *services.Connection
+	authSession     *authsession.Session
+	settings        *services.Settings
+	networks        *services.Networks
+	profiles        *services.Profiles
+	update          *services.Update
+	daemonFeed      *services.DaemonFeed
+	notifier        *Notifier
+	compat          *services.Compat
+	profileSwitcher *services.ProfileSwitcher
+	bundle          *i18n.Bundle
+	prefStore       *preferences.Store
+}
+
+func init() {
+	application.RegisterEvent[services.Status](services.EventStatusSnapshot)
+	application.RegisterEvent[services.SystemEvent](services.EventDaemonNotification)
+	application.RegisterEvent[services.ProfileRef](services.EventProfileChanged)
+	application.RegisterEvent[authsession.Warning](services.EventSessionWarning)
+	application.RegisterEvent[updater.State](updater.EventStateChanged)
+	application.RegisterEvent[preferences.UIPreferences](preferences.EventPreferencesChanged)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	// The one-shot that applies the settings the daemon restricts to
+	// root/administrator, which this binary runs itself as under the platform's
+	// elevation prompt. Handled before anything GUI so no window, tray or
+	// single-instance lock is involved.
+	if services.IsPrivilegedSettingsRun(os.Args[1:]) {
+		os.Exit(runPrivilegedSettings(os.Args[1:]))
+	}
+
+	daemonAddr, userSetLogFile := parseFlagsAndInitLog()
+	conn := NewConn(daemonAddr)
+
+	// Without --log-file, the GUI manages a gui-client.log that follows the
+	// daemon's debug level and is collected in the debug bundle. It rides
+	// DaemonFeed's SubscribeEvents stream (see guilog.DebugLog).
+	debugLog := newDebugLog(userSetLogFile)
+
+	// Declared before app.New so the SingleInstance callback closes over it.
+	var tray *Tray
+	app := newApplication(func() {
+		if tray != nil {
+			tray.ShowWindow()
+		}
+	})
+
+	profiles := services.NewProfiles(conn)
+	// updater.Holder owns the typed update State; DaemonFeed feeds it and the
+	// Update service is a thin Wails-bound facade over it plus the install RPCs.
+	updaterHolder := updater.NewHolder(app.Event)
+	update := services.NewUpdate(conn, updaterHolder)
+	daemonFeed := services.NewDaemonFeed(conn, app.Event, updaterHolder, debugLog)
+	notifier := newNotifier()
+	compat := services.NewCompat(conn)
+	// macOS shows no toast until permission is requested. Run it after
+	// ApplicationStarted so the notifier's Startup has initialised the
+	// notification-center delegate. No-op on Linux/Windows (stubs report
+	// authorized).
+	app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ApplicationStarted, func(*application.ApplicationEvent) {
+		go requestNotificationAuthorization(notifier)
+		initDockObserver()
+	})
+
+	bundle, prefStore, localizer := buildI18n(app)
+
+	// After bundle + prefStore: both are used to localise daemon errors.
+	settings := services.NewSettings(conn, bundle, prefStore, daemonAddr)
+	connection := services.NewConnection(conn, bundle, prefStore)
+	profileSwitcher := services.NewProfileSwitcher(profiles, connection, daemonFeed)
+	// authsession.Session owns the full extend + dismiss surface the tray
+	// drives directly; the Wails-bound services.Session wraps only the subset
+	// the React frontend calls, keeping the generated TS surface minimal.
+	authSession := authsession.NewSession(conn)
+	networks := services.NewNetworks(conn)
+
+	registerServices(app, conn, registeredServices{
+		connection:      connection,
+		authSession:     authSession,
+		settings:        settings,
+		networks:        networks,
+		profiles:        profiles,
+		update:          update,
+		daemonFeed:      daemonFeed,
+		notifier:        notifier,
+		compat:          compat,
+		profileSwitcher: profileSwitcher,
+		bundle:          bundle,
+		prefStore:       prefStore,
+	})
+
+	windowManager := services.NewWindowManager(app, nil, bundle, prefStore, iconWindow)
+	windowManager.SetMainFactory(func(startURL string) *application.WebviewWindow {
+		return newMainWindow(app, prefStore, windowManager, startURL)
+	})
+	registerDockReopenHook(app, windowManager)
+	// Minimal WMs (XEmbed-tray path) neither center small windows nor restore
+	// position across hide -> show, dropping them top-left. Gate Go-side
+	// re-centering on that environment; nil leaves placement to the WM on full
+	// desktops, macOS, and Windows.
+	windowManager.SetRecenterOnShow(recenterOnShowPredicate())
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(windowManager))
+
+	// Welcome window, first launch only — Continue flips OnboardingCompleted
+	// so later launches skip it. ApplicationStarted hook so the Wails window
+	// machinery is fully up before the window is created.
+	if !prefStore.Get().OnboardingCompleted {
+		app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ApplicationStarted, func(*application.ApplicationEvent) {
+			windowManager.OpenWelcome()
+		})
+	}
+
+	// In-process StatusNotifierWatcher so the tray works on minimal WMs that
+	// don't ship one (Fluxbox, i3, GNOME without AppIndicator). No-op off
+	// Linux. Must run before NewTray so the systray's
+	// RegisterStatusNotifierItem hits a watcher we control.
+	startStatusNotifierWatcher()
+
+	tray = NewTray(app, nil, TrayServices{
+		Connection:      connection,
+		Settings:        settings,
+		Profiles:        profiles,
+		Networks:        networks,
+		DaemonFeed:      daemonFeed,
+		Notifier:        notifier,
+		Update:          update,
+		ProfileSwitcher: profileSwitcher,
+		WindowManager:   windowManager,
+		Session:         authSession,
+		Localizer:       localizer,
+		Preferences:     prefStore,
+	})
+	listenForShowSignal(context.Background(), tray)
+
+	// Start the feed only after every service's ServiceStartup has run. The
+	// first SubscribeEvents message replays cached state synchronously and can
+	// fire an OS notification; if Watch ran before app.Run it could beat the
+	// notifier's ServiceStartup, where the Linux notifier connects the session
+	// bus — its *dbus.Conn would still be nil and SendNotification would
+	// nil-deref (fatal panic on the dispatch goroutine, observed on Linux
+	// Mint). ApplicationStarted fires after the startup loop, so the bus is up.
+	app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ApplicationStarted, func(*application.ApplicationEvent) {
+		daemonFeed.Watch(context.Background())
+		// Probe daemon compatibility once the notifier bus is up; an outdated
+		// daemon may keep the main window from showing, so the OS toast is the
+		// only reliable signal the user gets.
+		go notifyIfDaemonOutdated(compat, notifier, localizer)
+		// One-time launch-on-login default for fresh installs; gated by the
+		// NetBird footprint check, MDM policy, and the persisted marker.
+		go applyAutostartDefault(context.Background(), services.NewAutostart(app.Autostart), prefStore, prefStore.ExistedAtLoad())
+	})
+
+	if err := app.Run(); err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// requestNotificationAuthorization prompts for macOS notification permission.
+// The request blocks until the user responds (up to 3 minutes), so callers run
+// it in a goroutine. No-op on Linux/Windows.
+func requestNotificationAuthorization(notifier *Notifier) {
+	authorized, err := notifier.CheckNotificationAuthorization()
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Debugf("check notification authorization: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if authorized {
+		return
+	}
+	if _, err := notifier.RequestNotificationAuthorization(); err != nil {
+		logrus.Debugf("request notification authorization: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// parseFlagsAndInitLog returns the daemon gRPC address and userSetLogFile
+// (true when --log-file was passed). userSetLogFile is the manual-override
+// signal: true leaves logging alone, false lets the GUI manage a
+// daemon-driven gui-client.log. The flag default is empty (not "console") so
+// "no flag" and an explicit "--log-file console" stay distinguishable; empty
+// falls back to console for InitLog.
+func parseFlagsAndInitLog() (string, bool) {
+	daemonAddr := flag.String("daemon-addr", DaemonAddr(), "Daemon gRPC address: unix:///path or tcp://host:port")
+	logFiles := &stringList{}
+	flag.Var(logFiles, "log-file", "Log destination. Repeat to log to multiple targets at once, e.g. `--log-file console --log-file Y:/netbird-ui.log`. Each value is one of: console, syslog, or a file path. File destinations are rotated by lumberjack (same as the daemon). Defaults to console. Passing any value disables the daemon-debug-driven gui-client.log.")
+	logLevel := flag.String("log-level", "info", "Log level: trace|debug|info|warn|error.")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	userSetLogFile := len(logFiles.values) > 0
+	targets := logFiles.values
+	if !userSetLogFile {
+		targets = []string{"console"}
+	}
+
+	if err := util.InitLog(*logLevel, targets...); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("init log: %v", err)
+	}
+	return *daemonAddr, userSetLogFile
+}
+
+// newApplication constructs the Wails application. onSecondInstance fires when
+// a second process launches under the same SingleInstance UniqueID.
+func newApplication(onSecondInstance func()) *application.App {
+	// On macOS, Options.Icon feeds NSApplication's setApplicationIconImage,
+	// overriding the bundle icon (Assets.car / icons.icns) the OS already
+	// picked. Suppress it on darwin to keep the bundle's squircle.
+	appIcon := iconWindow
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		appIcon = nil
+	}
+
+	return application.New(application.Options{
+		// On Windows, Name is the AppUserModelID for toast notifications and
+		// the HKCU\Software\Classes\AppUserModelId\ registry path. It must
+		// match the System.AppUserModel.ID the MSI sets on the Start Menu
+		// shortcut (client/netbird.wxs) and the AppUserModelId key the
+		// installer pre-populates with the toast activator CLSID; otherwise
+		// toasts show under a different identity and the MSI's CustomActivator
+		// value is orphaned.
+		Name:        "NetBird",
+		Description: "NetBird desktop client",
+		Icon:        appIcon,
+		Assets: application.AssetOptions{
+			Handler: application.AssetFileServerFS(assets),
+		},
+		Mac: application.MacOptions{
+			ApplicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed: false,
+			ActivationPolicy: application.ActivationPolicyAccessory,
+		},
+		Linux: application.LinuxOptions{
+			ProgramName:                   "netbird",
+			DisableQuitOnLastWindowClosed: true,
+		},
+		Windows: application.WindowsOptions{
+			WndProcInterceptor:            endSessionInterceptor(),
+			DisableQuitOnLastWindowClosed: true,
+		},
+		SingleInstance: &application.SingleInstanceOptions{
+			UniqueID: "io.netbird.ui",
+			OnSecondInstanceLaunch: func(_ application.SecondInstanceData) {
+				onSecondInstance()
+			},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// buildI18n constructs the i18n bundle, preferences store, and tray localizer.
+// The Bundle satisfies preferences.LanguageValidator so SetLanguage rejects
+// codes that have no shipped translation.
+func buildI18n(app *application.App) (*i18n.Bundle, *preferences.Store, *Localizer) {
+	// Reroot the embedded tree at the locales dir so the bundle sees
+	// _index.json and <lang>/common.json at top level (//go:embed roots at
+	// the package, not the leaf dir).
+	localesFS, err := fs.Sub(localesRoot, "i18n/locales")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("locate locales fs: %v", err)
+	}
+	bundle, err := i18n.NewBundle(localesFS)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("init i18n bundle: %v", err)
+	}
+	prefStore, err := preferences.NewStore(bundle, app.Event)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("init preferences store: %v", err)
+	}
+	return bundle, prefStore, NewLocalizer(bundle, prefStore)
+}
+
+// registerServices binds every Wails-facing service onto the application.
+// Services with no other caller are constructed inline; the rest arrive
+// already built so the tray and feed loops share the same instances.
+func registerServices(app *application.App, conn *Conn, s registeredServices) {
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(s.connection))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(services.NewSession(s.authSession, s.bundle, s.prefStore)))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(s.settings))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(s.networks))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(services.NewForwarding(conn)))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(s.profiles))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(services.NewDebug(conn)))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(s.update))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(s.daemonFeed))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(s.notifier))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(s.profileSwitcher))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(services.NewI18n(s.bundle)))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(services.NewPreferences(s.prefStore)))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(services.NewAutostart(app.Autostart)))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(services.NewVersion()))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(services.NewUILog()))
+	app.RegisterService(application.NewService(s.compat))
+}
+
+func newMainWindow(app *application.App, prefStore *preferences.Store, wm *services.WindowManager, startURL string) *application.WebviewWindow {
+	// Width matches the last view mode so Advanced-mode users don't see the
+	// window pop from 380px to 900px on launch. Height is mode-agnostic.
+	initialWidth := 380
+	if prefStore.Get().ViewMode == preferences.ViewModeAdvanced {
+		initialWidth = 900
+	}
+	window := app.Window.NewWithOptions(application.WebviewWindowOptions{
+		Name:   "main",
+		Title:  "NetBird",
+		Width:  initialWidth,
+		Height: services.WindowHeight,
+		// Center on first show; minimal WMs (fluxbox, the XEmbed tray path)
+		// drop new windows top-left unless asked.
+		InitialPosition:     application.WindowCentered,
+		Hidden:              true,
+		BackgroundColour:    services.WindowBackgroundColour,
+		URL:                 startURL,
+		DisableResize:       true,
+		MinimiseButtonState: application.ButtonHidden,
+		MaximiseButtonState: application.ButtonHidden,
+		Mac:                 services.AppleMacOSAppearanceOptions(),
+		Windows:             services.MicrosoftWindowsAppearanceOptions(),
+		Linux: application.LinuxWindow{
+			Icon: iconWindow,
+		},
+	})
+
+	window.RegisterHook(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(_ *application.WindowEvent) {
+		if services.ShuttingDown() {
+			return
+		}
+		wm.ForgetMain()
+	})
+
+	return window
+}
+
+func registerDockReopenHook(app *application.App, wm *services.WindowManager) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "darwin" {
+		return
+	}
+	app.Event.RegisterApplicationEventHook(events.Mac.ApplicationShouldHandleReopen, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
+		if e.Context().HasVisibleWindows() {
+			return
+		}
+		e.Cancel()
+		wm.ShowMain()
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/manifest.xml b/client/ui/manifest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index c71a407e5..000000000
--- a/client/ui/manifest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
-<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
-    <assemblyIdentity
-            version="0.0.0.1"
-            processorArchitecture="*"
-            name="netbird-ui.exe"
-            type="win32"
-    />
-    <description>Netbird UI application</description>
-    <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
-        <security>
-            <requestedPrivileges>
-                <requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false"/>
-            </requestedPrivileges>
-        </security>
-    </trustInfo>
-</assembly>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/client/ui/netbird-ui.rb.tmpl b/client/ui/netbird-ui.rb.tmpl
index 06971909d..1c77e6717 100644
--- a/client/ui/netbird-ui.rb.tmpl
+++ b/client/ui/netbird-ui.rb.tmpl
@@ -29,8 +29,13 @@ cask "{{ $projectName }}" do
   end
 
   uninstall_preflight do
-    system_command "#{appdir}/Netbird UI.app/uninstaller.sh",
-                   sudo: false
+    system_command "/bin/sh",
+                   args: ["-c", <<~CMD],
+                     launchctl bootout system/netbird 2>/dev/null || \
+                       launchctl unload /Library/LaunchDaemons/netbird.plist 2>/dev/null || true
+                     rm -f /Library/LaunchDaemons/netbird.plist
+                   CMD
+                   sudo: true
   end
 
   name "Netbird UI"
diff --git a/client/ui/network.go b/client/ui/network.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 571e871bb..000000000
--- a/client/ui/network.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,695 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !(linux && 386)
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"runtime"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/container"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/dialog"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/layout"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/widget"
-	"fyne.io/systray"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-)
-
-const (
-	allNetworksText                = "All networks"
-	overlappingNetworksText        = "Overlapping networks"
-	exitNodeNetworksText           = "Exit-node networks"
-	allNetworks             filter = "all"
-	overlappingNetworks     filter = "overlapping"
-	exitNodeNetworks        filter = "exit-node"
-	getClientFMT                   = "get client: %v"
-)
-
-type filter string
-
-func (s *serviceClient) showNetworksUI() {
-	s.wNetworks = s.app.NewWindow("Networks")
-	s.wNetworks.SetOnClosed(s.cancel)
-
-	allGrid := container.New(layout.NewGridLayout(3))
-	go s.updateNetworks(allGrid, allNetworks)
-	overlappingGrid := container.New(layout.NewGridLayout(3))
-	exitNodeGrid := container.New(layout.NewGridLayout(3))
-	routeCheckContainer := container.NewVBox()
-	tabs := container.NewAppTabs(
-		container.NewTabItem(allNetworksText, allGrid),
-		container.NewTabItem(overlappingNetworksText, overlappingGrid),
-		container.NewTabItem(exitNodeNetworksText, exitNodeGrid),
-	)
-	tabs.OnSelected = func(item *container.TabItem) {
-		s.updateNetworksBasedOnDisplayTab(tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodeGrid)
-	}
-	tabs.OnUnselected = func(item *container.TabItem) {
-		grid, _ := getGridAndFilterFromTab(tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodeGrid)
-		grid.Objects = nil
-	}
-
-	routeCheckContainer.Add(tabs)
-	scrollContainer := container.NewVScroll(routeCheckContainer)
-	scrollContainer.SetMinSize(fyne.NewSize(200, 300))
-
-	buttonBox := container.NewHBox(
-		layout.NewSpacer(),
-		widget.NewButton("Refresh", func() {
-			s.updateNetworksBasedOnDisplayTab(tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodeGrid)
-		}),
-		widget.NewButton("Select all", func() {
-			_, f := getGridAndFilterFromTab(tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodeGrid)
-			s.selectAllFilteredNetworks(f)
-			s.updateNetworksBasedOnDisplayTab(tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodeGrid)
-		}),
-		widget.NewButton("Deselect All", func() {
-			_, f := getGridAndFilterFromTab(tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodeGrid)
-			s.deselectAllFilteredNetworks(f)
-			s.updateNetworksBasedOnDisplayTab(tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodeGrid)
-		}),
-		layout.NewSpacer(),
-	)
-
-	content := container.NewBorder(nil, buttonBox, nil, nil, scrollContainer)
-
-	s.wNetworks.SetContent(content)
-	s.wNetworks.Show()
-
-	s.startAutoRefresh(10*time.Second, tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodeGrid)
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) updateNetworks(grid *fyne.Container, f filter) {
-	grid.Objects = nil
-	grid.Refresh()
-	idHeader := widget.NewLabelWithStyle("      ID", fyne.TextAlignLeading, fyne.TextStyle{Bold: true})
-	networkHeader := widget.NewLabelWithStyle("Range/Domains", fyne.TextAlignLeading, fyne.TextStyle{Bold: true})
-	resolvedIPsHeader := widget.NewLabelWithStyle("Resolved IPs", fyne.TextAlignLeading, fyne.TextStyle{Bold: true})
-
-	grid.Add(idHeader)
-	grid.Add(networkHeader)
-	grid.Add(resolvedIPsHeader)
-
-	filteredRoutes, err := s.getFilteredNetworks(f)
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	sortNetworksByIDs(filteredRoutes)
-
-	for _, route := range filteredRoutes {
-		r := route
-
-		checkBox := widget.NewCheck(r.GetID(), func(checked bool) {
-			s.selectNetwork(r.ID, checked)
-		})
-		checkBox.Checked = route.Selected
-		checkBox.Resize(fyne.NewSize(20, 20))
-		checkBox.Refresh()
-
-		grid.Add(checkBox)
-		network := r.GetRange()
-		domains := r.GetDomains()
-
-		if len(domains) == 0 {
-			grid.Add(widget.NewLabel(network))
-			grid.Add(widget.NewLabel(""))
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// our selectors are only for display
-		noopFunc := func(_ string) {
-			// do nothing
-		}
-
-		domainsSelector := widget.NewSelect(domains, noopFunc)
-		domainsSelector.Selected = domains[0]
-		grid.Add(domainsSelector)
-
-		var resolvedIPsList []string
-		for domain, ipList := range r.GetResolvedIPs() {
-			resolvedIPsList = append(resolvedIPsList, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", domain, strings.Join(ipList.GetIps(), ", ")))
-		}
-
-		if len(resolvedIPsList) == 0 {
-			grid.Add(widget.NewLabel(""))
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// TODO: limit width within the selector display
-		resolvedIPsSelector := widget.NewSelect(resolvedIPsList, noopFunc)
-		resolvedIPsSelector.Selected = resolvedIPsList[0]
-		resolvedIPsSelector.Resize(fyne.NewSize(100, 100))
-		grid.Add(resolvedIPsSelector)
-	}
-
-	s.wNetworks.Content().Refresh()
-	grid.Refresh()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getFilteredNetworks(f filter) ([]*proto.Network, error) {
-	routes, err := s.fetchNetworks()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-		s.showError(fmt.Errorf(getClientFMT, err))
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	switch f {
-	case overlappingNetworks:
-		return getOverlappingNetworks(routes), nil
-	case exitNodeNetworks:
-		return getExitNodeNetworks(routes), nil
-	default:
-	}
-	return routes, nil
-}
-
-func getOverlappingNetworks(routes []*proto.Network) []*proto.Network {
-	var filteredRoutes []*proto.Network
-	existingRange := make(map[string][]*proto.Network)
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		if len(route.Domains) > 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-		if r, exists := existingRange[route.GetRange()]; exists {
-			r = append(r, route)
-			existingRange[route.GetRange()] = r
-		} else {
-			existingRange[route.GetRange()] = []*proto.Network{route}
-		}
-	}
-	for _, r := range existingRange {
-		if len(r) > 1 {
-			filteredRoutes = append(filteredRoutes, r...)
-		}
-	}
-	return filteredRoutes
-}
-
-func getExitNodeNetworks(routes []*proto.Network) []*proto.Network {
-	var filteredRoutes []*proto.Network
-	for _, route := range routes {
-		if route.Range == "0.0.0.0/0" {
-			filteredRoutes = append(filteredRoutes, route)
-		}
-	}
-	return filteredRoutes
-}
-
-func sortNetworksByIDs(routes []*proto.Network) {
-	sort.Slice(routes, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return strings.ToLower(routes[i].GetID()) < strings.ToLower(routes[j].GetID())
-	})
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) fetchNetworks() ([]*proto.Network, error) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-	}
-
-	resp, err := conn.ListNetworks(s.ctx, &proto.ListNetworksRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list routes: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return resp.Routes, nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) selectNetwork(id string, checked bool) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-		s.showError(fmt.Errorf(getClientFMT, err))
-		return
-	}
-
-	req := &proto.SelectNetworksRequest{
-		NetworkIDs: []string{id},
-		Append:     checked,
-	}
-
-	if checked {
-		if _, err := conn.SelectNetworks(s.ctx, req); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to select network: %v", err)
-			s.showError(fmt.Errorf("failed to select network: %v", err))
-			return
-		}
-		log.Infof("Network '%s' selected", id)
-	} else {
-		if _, err := conn.DeselectNetworks(s.ctx, req); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to deselect network: %v", err)
-			s.showError(fmt.Errorf("failed to deselect network: %v", err))
-			return
-		}
-		log.Infof("Network '%s' deselected", id)
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) selectAllFilteredNetworks(f filter) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	req := s.getNetworksRequest(f, true)
-	if _, err := conn.SelectNetworks(s.ctx, req); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to select all networks: %v", err)
-		s.showError(fmt.Errorf("failed to select all networks: %v", err))
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Debug("All networks selected")
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) deselectAllFilteredNetworks(f filter) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	req := s.getNetworksRequest(f, false)
-	if _, err := conn.DeselectNetworks(s.ctx, req); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to deselect all networks: %v", err)
-		s.showError(fmt.Errorf("failed to deselect all networks: %v", err))
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Debug("All networks deselected")
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getNetworksRequest(f filter, appendRoute bool) *proto.SelectNetworksRequest {
-	req := &proto.SelectNetworksRequest{}
-	if f == allNetworks {
-		req.All = true
-	} else {
-		routes, err := s.getFilteredNetworks(f)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-		for _, route := range routes {
-			req.NetworkIDs = append(req.NetworkIDs, route.GetID())
-		}
-		req.Append = appendRoute
-	}
-	return req
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) showError(err error) {
-	wrappedMessage := wrapText(err.Error(), 50)
-
-	dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("%s", wrappedMessage), s.wNetworks)
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) startAutoRefresh(interval time.Duration, tabs *container.AppTabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodesGrid *fyne.Container) {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
-	go func() {
-		for range ticker.C {
-			s.updateNetworksBasedOnDisplayTab(tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodesGrid)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	s.wNetworks.SetOnClosed(func() {
-		ticker.Stop()
-		s.cancel()
-	})
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) updateNetworksBasedOnDisplayTab(tabs *container.AppTabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodesGrid *fyne.Container) {
-	grid, f := getGridAndFilterFromTab(tabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodesGrid)
-	s.wNetworks.Content().Refresh()
-	s.updateNetworks(grid, f)
-}
-
-// startExitNodeRefresh initiates exit node menu refresh after connecting.
-// On Windows, TrayOpenedCh is not supported by the systray library, so we use
-// a background poller to keep exit nodes in sync while connected.
-// On macOS/Linux, TrayOpenedCh handles refreshes on each tray open.
-func (s *serviceClient) startExitNodeRefresh() {
-	s.cancelExitNodeRetry()
-
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.ctx)
-		s.exitNodeMu.Lock()
-		s.exitNodeRetryCancel = cancel
-		s.exitNodeMu.Unlock()
-
-		go s.pollExitNodes(ctx)
-	} else {
-		go s.updateExitNodes()
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) cancelExitNodeRetry() {
-	s.exitNodeMu.Lock()
-	if s.exitNodeRetryCancel != nil {
-		s.exitNodeRetryCancel()
-		s.exitNodeRetryCancel = nil
-	}
-	s.exitNodeMu.Unlock()
-}
-
-// pollExitNodes periodically refreshes exit nodes while connected.
-// Uses a short initial interval to catch routes from the management sync,
-// then switches to a longer interval for ongoing updates.
-func (s *serviceClient) pollExitNodes(ctx context.Context) {
-	// Initial fast polling to catch routes as they appear after connect.
-	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
-		if s.updateExitNodes() {
-			break
-		}
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return
-		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
-		}
-	}
-
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Second)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			s.updateExitNodes()
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// updateExitNodes fetches exit nodes from the daemon and recreates the menu.
-// Returns true if exit nodes were found.
-func (s *serviceClient) updateExitNodes() bool {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get client: %v", err)
-		return false
-	}
-	exitNodes, err := s.getExitNodes(conn)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get exit nodes: %v", err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	s.exitNodeMu.Lock()
-	defer s.exitNodeMu.Unlock()
-
-	s.recreateExitNodeMenu(exitNodes)
-
-	if len(s.mExitNodeItems) > 0 {
-		s.mExitNode.Enable()
-		return true
-	}
-
-	s.mExitNode.Disable()
-	return false
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) recreateExitNodeMenu(exitNodes []*proto.Network) {
-	for _, node := range s.mExitNodeItems {
-		node.cancel()
-		node.Hide()
-		node.Remove()
-	}
-	s.mExitNodeItems = nil
-	if s.mExitNodeSeparator != nil {
-		s.mExitNodeSeparator.Remove()
-		s.mExitNodeSeparator = nil
-	}
-	if s.mExitNodeDeselectAll != nil {
-		s.mExitNodeDeselectAll.Remove()
-		s.mExitNodeDeselectAll = nil
-	}
-
-	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" {
-		s.mExitNode.Remove()
-		s.mExitNode = systray.AddMenuItem("Exit Node", disabledMenuDescr)
-	}
-
-	var showDeselectAll bool
-
-	for _, node := range exitNodes {
-		if node.Selected {
-			showDeselectAll = true
-		}
-
-		menuItem := s.mExitNode.AddSubMenuItemCheckbox(
-			node.ID,
-			fmt.Sprintf("Use exit node %s", node.ID),
-			node.Selected,
-		)
-
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.ctx)
-		s.mExitNodeItems = append(s.mExitNodeItems, menuHandler{
-			MenuItem: menuItem,
-			cancel:   cancel,
-		})
-		go s.handleChecked(ctx, node.ID, menuItem)
-	}
-
-	if showDeselectAll {
-		s.addExitNodeDeselectAll()
-	}
-
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) addExitNodeDeselectAll() {
-	sep := s.mExitNode.AddSubMenuItem("───────────────", "")
-	sep.Disable()
-	s.mExitNodeSeparator = sep
-
-	deselectAllItem := s.mExitNode.AddSubMenuItem("Deselect All", "Deselect All")
-	s.mExitNodeDeselectAll = deselectAllItem
-
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			_, ok := <-deselectAllItem.ClickedCh
-			if !ok {
-				return
-			}
-			exitNodes, err := s.handleExitNodeMenuDeselectAll()
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warnf("failed to handle deselect all exit nodes: %v", err)
-			} else {
-				s.exitNodeMu.Lock()
-				s.recreateExitNodeMenu(exitNodes)
-				s.exitNodeMu.Unlock()
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getExitNodes(conn proto.DaemonServiceClient) ([]*proto.Network, error) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(s.ctx, defaultFailTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	resp, err := conn.ListNetworks(ctx, &proto.ListNetworksRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list networks: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var exitNodes []*proto.Network
-	for _, network := range resp.Routes {
-		if network.Range == "0.0.0.0/0" {
-			exitNodes = append(exitNodes, network)
-		}
-	}
-	return exitNodes, nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) handleChecked(ctx context.Context, id string, item *systray.MenuItem) {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return
-		case _, ok := <-item.ClickedCh:
-			if !ok {
-				return
-			}
-			if err := s.toggleExitNode(id, item); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to toggle exit node: %v", err)
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) handleExitNodeMenuDeselectAll() ([]*proto.Network, error) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get client: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	exitNodes, err := s.getExitNodes(conn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get exit nodes: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var ids []string
-	for _, e := range exitNodes {
-		if e.Selected {
-			ids = append(ids, e.ID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// deselect selected exit nodes
-	if err := s.deselectOtherExitNodes(conn, ids); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	updatedExitNodes, err := s.getExitNodes(conn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("re-fetch exit nodes: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	return updatedExitNodes, nil
-}
-
-// Add function to toggle exit node selection
-func (s *serviceClient) toggleExitNode(nodeID string, item *systray.MenuItem) error {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get client: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("Toggling exit node '%s'", nodeID)
-
-	s.exitNodeMu.Lock()
-	defer s.exitNodeMu.Unlock()
-
-	exitNodes, err := s.getExitNodes(conn)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get exit nodes: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	var exitNode *proto.Network
-	// find other selected nodes and ours
-	ids := make([]string, 0, len(exitNodes))
-	for _, node := range exitNodes {
-		if node.ID == nodeID {
-			// preserve original state
-			cp := *node //nolint:govet
-			exitNode = &cp
-
-			// set desired state for recreation
-			node.Selected = true
-			continue
-		}
-		if node.Selected {
-			ids = append(ids, node.ID)
-
-			// set desired state for recreation
-			node.Selected = false
-		}
-	}
-
-	// exit node is the only selected node, deselect it
-	deselectAll := item.Checked() && len(ids) == 0
-	if deselectAll {
-		ids = append(ids, nodeID)
-		for _, node := range exitNodes {
-			if node.ID == nodeID {
-				// set desired state for recreation
-				node.Selected = false
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// deselect all other selected exit nodes
-	if err := s.deselectOtherExitNodes(conn, ids); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if !deselectAll {
-		if err := s.selectNewExitNode(conn, exitNode, nodeID, item); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	// linux/bsd doesn't handle Check/Uncheck well, so we recreate the menu
-	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "freebsd" {
-		s.recreateExitNodeMenu(exitNodes)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) deselectOtherExitNodes(conn proto.DaemonServiceClient, ids []string) error {
-	// deselect all other selected exit nodes
-	if len(ids) > 0 {
-		deselectReq := &proto.SelectNetworksRequest{
-			NetworkIDs: ids,
-		}
-		if _, err := conn.DeselectNetworks(s.ctx, deselectReq); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("deselect networks: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		log.Infof("Deselected exit nodes: %v", ids)
-	}
-
-	// uncheck all other exit node menu items
-	for _, i := range s.mExitNodeItems {
-		i.Uncheck()
-		log.Infof("Unchecked exit node %v", i)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) selectNewExitNode(conn proto.DaemonServiceClient, exitNode *proto.Network, nodeID string, item *systray.MenuItem) error {
-	if exitNode != nil && !exitNode.Selected {
-		selectReq := &proto.SelectNetworksRequest{
-			NetworkIDs: []string{exitNode.ID},
-			Append:     true,
-		}
-		if _, err := conn.SelectNetworks(s.ctx, selectReq); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("select network: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		log.Infof("Selected exit node '%s'", nodeID)
-	}
-
-	item.Check()
-	log.Infof("Checked exit node '%s'", nodeID)
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func getGridAndFilterFromTab(tabs *container.AppTabs, allGrid, overlappingGrid, exitNodesGrid *fyne.Container) (*fyne.Container, filter) {
-	switch tabs.Selected().Text {
-	case overlappingNetworksText:
-		return overlappingGrid, overlappingNetworks
-	case exitNodeNetworksText:
-		return exitNodesGrid, exitNodeNetworks
-	default:
-		return allGrid, allNetworks
-	}
-}
-
-// wrapText inserts newlines into the text to ensure that each line is
-// no longer than 'lineLength' runes.
-func wrapText(text string, lineLength int) string {
-	var sb strings.Builder
-	var currentLineLength int
-
-	for _, runeValue := range text {
-		sb.WriteRune(runeValue)
-		currentLineLength++
-
-		if currentLineLength >= lineLength || runeValue == '\n' {
-			sb.WriteRune('\n')
-			currentLineLength = 0
-		}
-	}
-
-	return sb.String()
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/notifier.go b/client/ui/notifier.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71ae3b0df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/notifier.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/services/notifications"
+)
+
+var errNotificationsUnavailable = errors.New("notifications unavailable")
+
+// Notifier wraps the Wails notification service so an unavailable backend
+// disables notifications instead of aborting the app. Startup fails for
+// environment reasons (a bare unbundled binary on macOS has no bundle
+// identifier, a headless Linux session has no D-Bus session bus), and Wails
+// treats a service startup error as fatal. After a failed startup every call
+// is a no-op: on macOS, touching UNUserNotificationCenter without a bundle
+// identifier raises an Objective-C exception that recover() cannot catch.
+type Notifier struct {
+	inner     *notifications.NotificationService
+	available atomic.Bool
+}
+
+func newNotifier() *Notifier {
+	return &Notifier{inner: notifications.New()}
+}
+
+// ServiceName implements the Wails service-name hook for startup logs.
+func (n *Notifier) ServiceName() string {
+	return n.inner.ServiceName()
+}
+
+// ServiceStartup starts the platform notifier, downgrading failure to a
+// warning so the app keeps running without notifications.
+func (n *Notifier) ServiceStartup(ctx context.Context, options application.ServiceOptions) error {
+	if err := n.inner.ServiceStartup(ctx, options); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("notifications disabled: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	n.available.Store(true)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) ServiceShutdown() error {
+	if !n.available.Load() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return n.inner.ServiceShutdown()
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) CheckNotificationAuthorization() (bool, error) {
+	if !n.available.Load() {
+		return false, errNotificationsUnavailable
+	}
+	return n.inner.CheckNotificationAuthorization()
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) RequestNotificationAuthorization() (bool, error) {
+	if !n.available.Load() {
+		return false, errNotificationsUnavailable
+	}
+	return n.inner.RequestNotificationAuthorization()
+}
+
+// SendNotification delivers a notification, silently dropping it when the
+// backend never started (notifications are best-effort everywhere).
+func (n *Notifier) SendNotification(options notifications.NotificationOptions) error {
+	if !n.available.Load() {
+		log.Debugf("notifications disabled, dropping %q", options.ID)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return n.inner.SendNotification(options)
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) SendNotificationWithActions(options notifications.NotificationOptions) error {
+	if !n.available.Load() {
+		log.Debugf("notifications disabled, dropping %q", options.ID)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return n.inner.SendNotificationWithActions(options)
+}
+
+func (n *Notifier) RegisterNotificationCategory(category notifications.NotificationCategory) error {
+	if !n.available.Load() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return n.inner.RegisterNotificationCategory(category)
+}
+
+// OnNotificationResponse registers the response callback. Pure Go state, so
+// it is safe (and simply inert) when the backend never started.
+//
+//wails:ignore
+func (n *Notifier) OnNotificationResponse(callback func(result notifications.NotificationResult)) {
+	n.inner.OnNotificationResponse(callback)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/preferences/store.go b/client/ui/preferences/store.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b677016f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/preferences/store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+// Package preferences holds user-scope UI state, independent of the daemon
+// profile and shared across all profiles. The Store persists to JSON under
+// os.UserConfigDir() and broadcasts changes to in-process subscribers plus an
+// optional emitter.
+package preferences
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/i18n"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// Lives under os.UserConfigDir()/netbird (OS-user writable, not the daemon's
+// root-owned state).
+const preferencesFileName = "ui-preferences.json"
+
+// EventPreferencesChanged fires on every persisted update, payload UIPreferences.
+const EventPreferencesChanged = "netbird:preferences:changed"
+
+// ViewMode is the preferred Main-window layout: "default" (compact, 380-wide)
+// or "advanced" (900-wide).
+type ViewMode string
+
+const (
+	ViewModeDefault  ViewMode = "default"
+	ViewModeAdvanced ViewMode = "advanced"
+)
+
+// DefaultViewMode applies when no file exists or its view-mode is empty.
+const DefaultViewMode = ViewModeDefault
+
+var ErrUnsupportedViewMode = errors.New("unsupported view mode")
+
+func (v ViewMode) IsValid() bool {
+	switch v {
+	case ViewModeDefault, ViewModeAdvanced:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// UIPreferences is rewritten in full on every change; there are no partial updates.
+type UIPreferences struct {
+	Language            i18n.LanguageCode `json:"language"`
+	ViewMode            ViewMode          `json:"viewMode"`
+	OnboardingCompleted bool              `json:"onboardingCompleted"`
+	// AutostartInitialized records that the one-time autostart default
+	// decision has run for this OS user. It only ever transitions to true
+	// and is never reset, so the default-on flow runs at most once, ever.
+	AutostartInitialized bool `json:"autostartInitialized"`
+	// KeepConnectedOnQuit leaves the daemon connected when the GUI quits.
+	// Its false zero value preserves the historical disconnect-on-quit
+	// behaviour for preference files written before the field existed.
+	KeepConnectedOnQuit bool `json:"keepConnectedOnQuit"`
+}
+
+// LanguageValidator rejects SetLanguage inputs with no shipped bundle.
+// *i18n.Bundle satisfies it.
+type LanguageValidator interface {
+	HasLanguage(code i18n.LanguageCode) bool
+}
+
+// Emitter broadcasts changes to the frontend. Wails'
+// *application.EventProcessor satisfies it; tests pass nil or a fake.
+type Emitter interface {
+	Emit(name string, data ...any) bool
+}
+
+// Store is the user-scope UI preferences store.
+type Store struct {
+	path string
+
+	mu            sync.RWMutex
+	current       UIPreferences
+	existedAtLoad bool
+
+	subsMu sync.Mutex
+	subs   []chan UIPreferences
+
+	validator LanguageValidator
+	emitter   Emitter
+}
+
+// NewStore loads preferences from disk, falling back to defaults. A nil
+// validator skips SetLanguage validation; a nil emitter skips broadcasting.
+func NewStore(validator LanguageValidator, emitter Emitter) (*Store, error) {
+	path, err := preferencesPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve preferences path: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Language starts empty: the frontend treats absence as the signal to
+	// detect the browser locale on first launch and call SetLanguage.
+	s := &Store{
+		path:      path,
+		validator: validator,
+		emitter:   emitter,
+		current:   UIPreferences{ViewMode: DefaultViewMode},
+	}
+
+	if err := s.load(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("load ui preferences from %s: %v (using defaults)", path, err)
+	}
+
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+// Get returns a copy of the current preferences.
+func (s *Store) Get() UIPreferences {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.current
+}
+
+// SetViewMode validates, persists, and broadcasts. No-op if unchanged.
+func (s *Store) SetViewMode(mode ViewMode) error {
+	if !mode.IsValid() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", ErrUnsupportedViewMode, mode)
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.current.ViewMode == mode {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	next := s.current
+	next.ViewMode = mode
+	if err := s.persistLocked(next); err != nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return fmt.Errorf("persist preferences: %w", err)
+	}
+	s.current = next
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.broadcast(next)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetOnboardingCompleted persists the welcome-window dismissal. No-op if unchanged.
+func (s *Store) SetOnboardingCompleted(done bool) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.current.OnboardingCompleted == done {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	next := s.current
+	next.OnboardingCompleted = done
+	if err := s.persistLocked(next); err != nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return fmt.Errorf("persist preferences: %w", err)
+	}
+	s.current = next
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.broadcast(next)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetAutostartInitialized persists the one-time autostart decision marker.
+// No-op if unchanged.
+func (s *Store) SetAutostartInitialized(done bool) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.current.AutostartInitialized == done {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	next := s.current
+	next.AutostartInitialized = done
+	if err := s.persistLocked(next); err != nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return fmt.Errorf("persist preferences: %w", err)
+	}
+	s.current = next
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.broadcast(next)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetKeepConnectedOnQuit persists the disconnect-on-quit opt-out. No-op if unchanged.
+func (s *Store) SetKeepConnectedOnQuit(keep bool) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.current.KeepConnectedOnQuit == keep {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	next := s.current
+	next.KeepConnectedOnQuit = keep
+	if err := s.persistLocked(next); err != nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return fmt.Errorf("persist preferences: %w", err)
+	}
+	s.current = next
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.broadcast(next)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetLanguage validates, persists, and broadcasts. No-op if unchanged.
+func (s *Store) SetLanguage(lang i18n.LanguageCode) error {
+	if lang == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: empty code", i18n.ErrUnsupportedLanguage)
+	}
+	if s.validator != nil && !s.validator.HasLanguage(lang) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %q", i18n.ErrUnsupportedLanguage, lang)
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.current.Language == lang {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	next := s.current
+	next.Language = lang
+	if err := s.persistLocked(next); err != nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return fmt.Errorf("persist preferences: %w", err)
+	}
+	s.current = next
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.broadcast(next)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Subscribe returns a channel of persisted changes and an unsubscribe func.
+// The unsubscribe func closes the channel; callers must not close it themselves.
+func (s *Store) Subscribe() (<-chan UIPreferences, func()) {
+	ch := make(chan UIPreferences, 4)
+	s.subsMu.Lock()
+	s.subs = append(s.subs, ch)
+	s.subsMu.Unlock()
+
+	unsubscribe := func() {
+		s.subsMu.Lock()
+		defer s.subsMu.Unlock()
+		for i, c := range s.subs {
+			if c == ch {
+				s.subs = append(s.subs[:i], s.subs[i+1:]...)
+				close(ch)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ch, unsubscribe
+}
+
+// ExistedAtLoad reports whether the backing preferences file was present on
+// disk when the store loaded. It distinguishes a user who ran a prior GUI
+// version from a brand-new OS user with no preferences yet.
+func (s *Store) ExistedAtLoad() bool {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.existedAtLoad
+}
+
+// load reads the file into current. A missing file is not an error (the
+// in-memory default stands); malformed contents return an error.
+func (s *Store) load() error {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(s.path); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			log.Infof("no ui preferences file at %s; using defaults", s.path)
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("stat preferences: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.existedAtLoad = true
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	var loaded UIPreferences
+	if _, err := util.ReadJson(s.path, &loaded); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !loaded.ViewMode.IsValid() {
+		loaded.ViewMode = DefaultViewMode
+	}
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.current = loaded
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// persistLocked writes v to disk. Caller must hold s.mu and update in-memory
+// state only after this returns nil.
+func (s *Store) persistLocked(v UIPreferences) error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(s.path), 0o755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("mkdir %s: %w", filepath.Dir(s.path), err)
+	}
+	return util.WriteJson(context.Background(), s.path, v)
+}
+
+// broadcast fans v out to subscribers and the emitter. Full-buffer subscribers
+// are skipped: consumers only need the latest value, so dropping is safe.
+func (s *Store) broadcast(v UIPreferences) {
+	s.subsMu.Lock()
+	subs := make([]chan UIPreferences, len(s.subs))
+	copy(subs, s.subs)
+	s.subsMu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, ch := range subs {
+		select {
+		case ch <- v:
+		default:
+			log.Debugf("preferences subscriber channel full; dropping update")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if s.emitter != nil {
+		s.emitter.Emit(EventPreferencesChanged, v)
+	}
+}
+
+func preferencesPath() (string, error) {
+	dir, err := os.UserConfigDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dir, "netbird", preferencesFileName), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/preferences/store_test.go b/client/ui/preferences/store_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e1cb3107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/preferences/store_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package preferences
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/i18n"
+)
+
+// fakeValidator implements LanguageValidator for tests so we don't need a
+// fully-loaded i18n.Bundle.
+type fakeValidator struct{ ok map[i18n.LanguageCode]bool }
+
+func (f fakeValidator) HasLanguage(code i18n.LanguageCode) bool { return f.ok[code] }
+
+// recordingEmitter captures Emit calls so tests can assert the broadcast
+// fired.
+type recordingEmitter struct {
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	calls []emitCall
+}
+
+type emitCall struct {
+	name string
+	data []any
+}
+
+func (r *recordingEmitter) Emit(name string, data ...any) bool {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	r.calls = append(r.calls, emitCall{name: name, data: data})
+	return true
+}
+
+func (r *recordingEmitter) calledWith(name string) []emitCall {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	var out []emitCall
+	for _, c := range r.calls {
+		if c.name == name {
+			out = append(out, c)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// withTempConfigDir reroots os.UserConfigDir() at a temporary directory by
+// pointing the OS-specific env vars there. Restored automatically by
+// t.Setenv.
+func withTempConfigDir(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		t.Setenv("HOME", tmp)
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(tmp, "Library", "Application Support"), 0o755))
+	case "windows":
+		t.Setenv("AppData", tmp)
+	default:
+		t.Setenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", tmp)
+	}
+	return tmp
+}
+
+func TestStore_DefaultsWhenFileMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	s, err := NewStore(fakeValidator{ok: map[i18n.LanguageCode]bool{"en": true}}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	got := s.Get()
+	assert.Equal(t, i18n.LanguageCode(""), got.Language, "language must be empty when no file is on disk so the frontend can detect the browser locale")
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultViewMode, got.ViewMode, "view-mode default should still apply")
+}
+
+func TestStore_SetLanguagePersistsAndBroadcasts(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	emitter := &recordingEmitter{}
+	s, err := NewStore(fakeValidator{ok: map[i18n.LanguageCode]bool{"en": true, "hu": true}}, emitter)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ch, unsubscribe := s.Subscribe()
+	defer unsubscribe()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetLanguage("hu"))
+
+	got := s.Get()
+	assert.Equal(t, i18n.LanguageCode("hu"), got.Language, "Get should reflect the SetLanguage value")
+
+	select {
+	case v := <-ch:
+		assert.Equal(t, i18n.LanguageCode("hu"), v.Language, "subscriber should receive the new value")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("subscriber timed out waiting for update")
+	}
+
+	emits := emitter.calledWith(EventPreferencesChanged)
+	require.Len(t, emits, 1, "Emit should fire exactly once per SetLanguage")
+	payload, ok := emits[0].data[0].(UIPreferences)
+	require.True(t, ok, "emitter payload should be UIPreferences")
+	assert.Equal(t, i18n.LanguageCode("hu"), payload.Language)
+}
+
+func TestStore_LoadFromDisk(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	path, err := preferencesPath()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"language":"hu"}`), 0o644))
+
+	s, err := NewStore(fakeValidator{ok: map[i18n.LanguageCode]bool{"hu": true}}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	got := s.Get()
+	assert.Equal(t, i18n.LanguageCode("hu"), got.Language, "Get should load language from existing file")
+}
+
+func TestStore_UnsupportedLanguageRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	s, err := NewStore(fakeValidator{ok: map[i18n.LanguageCode]bool{"en": true}}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = s.SetLanguage("xx")
+	require.Error(t, err, "unknown language must be rejected")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, i18n.ErrUnsupportedLanguage)
+
+	err = s.SetLanguage("")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, i18n.ErrUnsupportedLanguage, "empty language code must be rejected")
+}
+
+func TestStore_NoValidatorAcceptsAnything(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	s, err := NewStore(nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetLanguage("fr"))
+	got := s.Get()
+	assert.Equal(t, i18n.LanguageCode("fr"), got.Language)
+}
+
+func TestStore_SetLanguageIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	emitter := &recordingEmitter{}
+	s, err := NewStore(fakeValidator{ok: map[i18n.LanguageCode]bool{"en": true}}, emitter)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// First call goes from "" (unset) to "en" — real change, one broadcast.
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetLanguage("en"))
+	require.Len(t, emitter.calledWith(EventPreferencesChanged), 1,
+		"first SetLanguage from unset should broadcast")
+
+	// Second call is a no-op — no disk write, no broadcast. Without this
+	// guard the tray would re-render the menu on every cosmetic re-save of
+	// the preferences file.
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetLanguage("en"))
+	assert.Len(t, emitter.calledWith(EventPreferencesChanged), 1,
+		"re-setting the current language should not broadcast again")
+}
+
+func TestStore_CorruptFileFallsBackToDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	path, err := preferencesPath()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte("{not json"), 0o644))
+
+	s, err := NewStore(fakeValidator{ok: map[i18n.LanguageCode]bool{"en": true}}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "corrupt file should not fail construction")
+
+	got := s.Get()
+	assert.Equal(t, i18n.LanguageCode(""), got.Language, "corrupt JSON should leave the empty (unset) default in place so the frontend can re-detect")
+}
+
+func TestStore_UnsubscribeStopsUpdates(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	s, err := NewStore(fakeValidator{ok: map[i18n.LanguageCode]bool{"en": true, "hu": true}}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ch, unsubscribe := s.Subscribe()
+	unsubscribe()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetLanguage("hu"))
+
+	select {
+	case _, ok := <-ch:
+		assert.False(t, ok, "channel should be closed after unsubscribe")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected closed channel, got nothing")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStore_FileShapeIsJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	s, err := NewStore(fakeValidator{ok: map[i18n.LanguageCode]bool{"hu": true}}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetLanguage("hu"))
+
+	path, err := preferencesPath()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var parsed UIPreferences
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &parsed), "on-disk file must be valid JSON")
+	assert.Equal(t, i18n.LanguageCode("hu"), parsed.Language)
+}
+
+func TestStore_SetAutostartInitializedPersistsAcrossReload(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	emitter := &recordingEmitter{}
+	s, err := NewStore(nil, emitter)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.False(t, s.Get().AutostartInitialized, "marker must default to false when no file is on disk")
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetAutostartInitialized(true))
+	assert.True(t, s.Get().AutostartInitialized, "Get should reflect the persisted marker")
+	require.Len(t, emitter.calledWith(EventPreferencesChanged), 1, "first marker write should broadcast")
+
+	// Re-setting the same value must be a no-op: no disk write, no broadcast.
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetAutostartInitialized(true))
+	assert.Len(t, emitter.calledWith(EventPreferencesChanged), 1, "idempotent marker write should not broadcast again")
+
+	// A fresh Store (new GUI launch) must see the marker so the autostart
+	// default decision never runs twice.
+	reloaded, err := NewStore(nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, reloaded.Get().AutostartInitialized, "marker must survive a reload from disk")
+}
+
+func TestStore_SetKeepConnectedOnQuitPersistsAcrossReload(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+	emitter := &recordingEmitter{}
+	s, err := NewStore(nil, emitter)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.False(t, s.Get().KeepConnectedOnQuit, "quitting must disconnect by default")
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetKeepConnectedOnQuit(true))
+	assert.True(t, s.Get().KeepConnectedOnQuit, "Get should reflect the persisted opt-out")
+	require.Len(t, emitter.calledWith(EventPreferencesChanged), 1, "first write should broadcast")
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SetKeepConnectedOnQuit(true))
+	assert.Len(t, emitter.calledWith(EventPreferencesChanged), 1, "idempotent write should not broadcast again")
+
+	reloaded, err := NewStore(nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, reloaded.Get().KeepConnectedOnQuit, "opt-out must survive a reload from disk")
+}
+
+func TestStore_KeepConnectedOnQuitDefaultsFalseForPreExistingFile(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+
+	// A preferences file written before the field existed must keep the
+	// historical disconnect-on-quit behaviour rather than silently opting out.
+	path, err := preferencesPath()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"language":"en","viewMode":"default"}`), 0o600))
+
+	s, err := NewStore(nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, s.Get().KeepConnectedOnQuit, "a file predating the field must not opt out of disconnect-on-quit")
+	assert.True(t, s.ExistedAtLoad(), "the pre-existing file must be seen on disk")
+}
+
+func TestStore_ExistedAtLoad(t *testing.T) {
+	withTempConfigDir(t)
+
+	// Brand-new OS user: no preferences file on disk yet.
+	fresh, err := NewStore(nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, fresh.ExistedAtLoad(), "ExistedAtLoad must be false when no file is on disk")
+
+	// Persisting a value writes the file to disk.
+	require.NoError(t, fresh.SetLanguage("en"))
+
+	// A subsequent GUI launch reopens the now-present file.
+	reopened, err := NewStore(nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, reopened.ExistedAtLoad(), "ExistedAtLoad must be true after the store has persisted and is reopened")
+}
+
+func TestStore_ErrUnsupportedSentinel(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verifies callers can match on the sentinel error rather than parsing
+	// strings — protects against accidental %v -> %w changes that would
+	// silently break errors.Is.
+	err := errors.New("inner")
+	wrapped := errors.Join(i18n.ErrUnsupportedLanguage, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, wrapped, i18n.ErrUnsupportedLanguage)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/privileged_settings.go b/client/ui/privileged_settings.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e8b4bbf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/privileged_settings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+// The one-shot mode this binary runs itself in, elevated, to apply the settings the
+// daemon restricts to root/administrator. It is handled before anything GUI, so no
+// window, tray or single-instance lock is involved.
+//
+// Only the wiring is here: what the mode accepts and does lives beside the code
+// that asks for it, in services.RunPrivilegedSettings, so the settings it will
+// apply are declared once. There is nothing privileged about the mode itself; it
+// sends the same request the frontend would have sent, and the daemon authorizes it
+// from the identity the kernel reports on the control channel exactly as it does
+// for `sudo netbird up`.
+func runPrivilegedSettings(args []string) int {
+	return services.RunPrivilegedSettings(args, func(addr string) (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error) {
+		if addr == "" {
+			addr = DaemonAddr()
+		}
+		return NewConn(addr).Client()
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/process/process.go b/client/ui/process/process.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 28276f416..000000000
--- a/client/ui/process/process.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package process
-
-import (
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3/process"
-)
-
-func IsAnotherProcessRunning() (int32, bool, error) {
-	processes, err := process.Processes()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, false, err
-	}
-
-	pid := os.Getpid()
-	processName := strings.ToLower(filepath.Base(os.Args[0]))
-
-	for _, p := range processes {
-		if int(p.Pid) == pid {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		runningProcessPath, err := p.Exe()
-		// most errors are related to short-lived processes
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		runningProcessName := strings.ToLower(filepath.Base(runningProcessPath))
-		if runningProcessName == processName && isProcessOwnedByCurrentUser(p) {
-			return p.Pid, true, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return 0, false, nil
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/process/process_nonwindows.go b/client/ui/process/process_nonwindows.go
deleted file mode 100644
index cf9f6443d..000000000
--- a/client/ui/process/process_nonwindows.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !windows
-
-package process
-
-import (
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3/process"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-func isProcessOwnedByCurrentUser(p *process.Process) bool {
-	currentUserID := os.Getuid()
-	uids, err := p.Uids()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get process uids: %v", err)
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, id := range uids {
-		log.Debugf("checking process uid: %d", id)
-		if int(id) == currentUserID {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/process/process_windows.go b/client/ui/process/process_windows.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d211d1a4..000000000
--- a/client/ui/process/process_windows.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-package process
-
-import (
-	"os/user"
-
-	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3/process"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-func isProcessOwnedByCurrentUser(p *process.Process) bool {
-	processUsername, err := p.Username()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get process username error: %v", err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get current user error: %v", err)
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return processUsername == currUser.Username
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/profile.go b/client/ui/profile.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 74189c9a0..000000000
--- a/client/ui/profile.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,719 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !(linux && 386)
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os/user"
-	"slices"
-	"sort"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/container"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/dialog"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/layout"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/widget"
-	"fyne.io/systray"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-)
-
-// showProfilesUI creates and displays the Profiles window with a list of existing profiles,
-// a button to add new profiles, allows removal, and lets the user switch the active profile.
-func (s *serviceClient) showProfilesUI() {
-
-	profiles, err := s.getProfiles()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get profiles: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	var refresh func()
-	// List widget for profiles
-	list := widget.NewList(
-		func() int { return len(profiles) },
-		func() fyne.CanvasObject {
-			// Each item: Selected indicator, Name, spacer, Select, Logout & Remove buttons
-			return container.NewHBox(
-				widget.NewLabel(""), // indicator
-				widget.NewLabel(""), // profile name
-				layout.NewSpacer(),
-				widget.NewButton("Select", nil),
-				widget.NewButton("Deregister", nil),
-				widget.NewButton("Remove", nil),
-			)
-		},
-		func(i widget.ListItemID, item fyne.CanvasObject) {
-			// Populate each row
-			row := item.(*fyne.Container)
-			indicator := row.Objects[0].(*widget.Label)
-			nameLabel := row.Objects[1].(*widget.Label)
-			selectBtn := row.Objects[3].(*widget.Button)
-			logoutBtn := row.Objects[4].(*widget.Button)
-			removeBtn := row.Objects[5].(*widget.Button)
-
-			profile := profiles[i]
-			// Show a checkmark if selected
-			if profile.IsActive {
-				indicator.SetText("✓")
-			} else {
-				indicator.SetText("")
-			}
-			nameLabel.SetText(profile.Name)
-
-			// Configure Select/Active button
-			selectBtn.SetText(func() string {
-				if profile.IsActive {
-					return "Active"
-				}
-				return "Select"
-			}())
-			selectBtn.OnTapped = func() {
-				if profile.IsActive {
-					return // already active
-				}
-				// confirm switch
-				dialog.ShowConfirm(
-					"Switch Profile",
-					fmt.Sprintf("Are you sure you want to switch to '%s'?", profile.Name),
-					func(confirm bool) {
-						if !confirm {
-							return
-						}
-						// switch
-						err = s.switchProfile(profile.Name)
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Errorf("failed to switch profile: %v", err)
-							dialog.ShowError(errors.New("failed to select profile"), s.wProfiles)
-							return
-						}
-
-						dialog.ShowInformation(
-							"Profile Switched",
-							fmt.Sprintf("Profile '%s' switched successfully", profile.Name),
-							s.wProfiles,
-						)
-
-						conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Errorf("failed to get daemon client: %v", err)
-							return
-						}
-
-						status, err := conn.Status(s.ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Errorf("failed to get status after switching profile: %v", err)
-							return
-						}
-
-						if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
-							if err := s.menuDownClick(); err != nil {
-								log.Errorf("failed to handle down click after switching profile: %v", err)
-								dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("failed to handle down click"), s.wProfiles)
-								return
-							}
-						}
-						// update slice flags
-						refresh()
-					},
-					s.wProfiles,
-				)
-			}
-
-			logoutBtn.Show()
-			logoutBtn.SetText("Deregister")
-			logoutBtn.OnTapped = func() {
-				s.handleProfileLogout(profile.Name, refresh)
-			}
-
-			// Remove profile
-			removeBtn.SetText("Remove")
-			removeBtn.OnTapped = func() {
-				dialog.ShowConfirm(
-					"Delete Profile",
-					fmt.Sprintf("Are you sure you want to delete '%s'?", profile.Name),
-					func(confirm bool) {
-						if !confirm {
-							return
-						}
-
-						err = s.removeProfile(profile.Name)
-						if err != nil {
-							log.Errorf("failed to remove profile: %v", err)
-							dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("failed to remove profile"), s.wProfiles)
-							return
-						}
-						dialog.ShowInformation(
-							"Profile Removed",
-							fmt.Sprintf("Profile '%s' removed successfully", profile.Name),
-							s.wProfiles,
-						)
-						// update slice
-						refresh()
-					},
-					s.wProfiles,
-				)
-			}
-		},
-	)
-
-	refresh = func() {
-		newProfiles, err := s.getProfiles()
-		if err != nil {
-			dialog.ShowError(err, s.wProfiles)
-			return
-		}
-		profiles = newProfiles // update the slice
-		list.Refresh()         // tell Fyne to re-call length/update on every visible row
-	}
-
-	// Button to add a new profile
-	newBtn := widget.NewButton("New Profile", func() {
-		nameEntry := widget.NewEntry()
-		nameEntry.SetPlaceHolder("Enter Profile Name")
-
-		formItems := []*widget.FormItem{{Text: "Name:", Widget: nameEntry}}
-		dlg := dialog.NewForm(
-			"New Profile",
-			"Create",
-			"Cancel",
-			formItems,
-			func(confirm bool) {
-				if !confirm {
-					return
-				}
-				name := nameEntry.Text
-				if name == "" {
-					dialog.ShowError(errors.New("profile name cannot be empty"), s.wProfiles)
-					return
-				}
-
-				// add profile
-				err = s.addProfile(name)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("failed to create profile: %v", err)
-					dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("failed to create profile"), s.wProfiles)
-					return
-				}
-				dialog.ShowInformation(
-					"Profile Created",
-					fmt.Sprintf("Profile '%s' created successfully", name),
-					s.wProfiles,
-				)
-				// update slice
-				refresh()
-			},
-			s.wProfiles,
-		)
-		// make dialog wider
-		dlg.Resize(fyne.NewSize(350, 150))
-		dlg.Show()
-	})
-
-	// Assemble window content
-	content := container.NewBorder(nil, newBtn, nil, nil, list)
-	s.wProfiles = s.app.NewWindow("NetBird Profiles")
-	s.wProfiles.SetContent(content)
-	s.wProfiles.Resize(fyne.NewSize(400, 300))
-	s.wProfiles.SetOnClosed(s.cancel)
-
-	s.wProfiles.Show()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) addProfile(profileName string) error {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = conn.AddProfile(s.ctx, &proto.AddProfileRequest{
-		ProfileName: profileName,
-		Username:    currUser.Username,
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("add profile: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) switchProfile(profileName string) error {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if _, err := conn.SwitchProfile(s.ctx, &proto.SwitchProfileRequest{
-		ProfileName: &profileName,
-		Username:    &currUser.Username,
-	}); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("switch profile failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	err = s.profileManager.SwitchProfile(profileName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("switch profile: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) removeProfile(profileName string) error {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	_, err = conn.RemoveProfile(s.ctx, &proto.RemoveProfileRequest{
-		ProfileName: profileName,
-		Username:    currUser.Username,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("remove profile: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-type Profile struct {
-	Name     string
-	IsActive bool
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getProfiles() ([]Profile, error) {
-	conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-	}
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
-	}
-	profilesResp, err := conn.ListProfiles(s.ctx, &proto.ListProfilesRequest{
-		Username: currUser.Username,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list profiles: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var profiles []Profile
-
-	for _, profile := range profilesResp.Profiles {
-		profiles = append(profiles, Profile{
-			Name:     profile.Name,
-			IsActive: profile.IsActive,
-		})
-	}
-
-	return profiles, nil
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) handleProfileLogout(profileName string, refreshCallback func()) {
-	dialog.ShowConfirm(
-		"Deregister",
-		fmt.Sprintf("Are you sure you want to deregister from '%s'?", profileName),
-		func(confirm bool) {
-			if !confirm {
-				return
-			}
-
-			conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to get service client: %v", err)
-				dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to service"), s.wProfiles)
-				return
-			}
-
-			currUser, err := user.Current()
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to get current user: %v", err)
-				dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("failed to get current user"), s.wProfiles)
-				return
-			}
-
-			username := currUser.Username
-			_, err = conn.Logout(s.ctx, &proto.LogoutRequest{
-				ProfileName: &profileName,
-				Username:    &username,
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("logout failed: %v", err)
-				dialog.ShowError(fmt.Errorf("deregister failed"), s.wProfiles)
-				return
-			}
-
-			dialog.ShowInformation(
-				"Deregistered",
-				fmt.Sprintf("Successfully deregistered from '%s'", profileName),
-				s.wProfiles,
-			)
-
-			refreshCallback()
-		},
-		s.wProfiles,
-	)
-}
-
-type subItem struct {
-	*systray.MenuItem
-	ctx    context.Context
-	cancel context.CancelFunc
-}
-
-type profileMenu struct {
-	mu                    sync.Mutex
-	ctx                   context.Context
-	serviceClient         *serviceClient
-	profileManager        *profilemanager.ProfileManager
-	eventHandler          *eventHandler
-	profileMenuItem       *systray.MenuItem
-	emailMenuItem         *systray.MenuItem
-	profileSubItems       []*subItem
-	manageProfilesSubItem *subItem
-	logoutSubItem         *subItem
-	profilesState         []Profile
-	downClickCallback     func() error
-	upClickCallback       func(context.Context) error
-	getSrvClientCallback  func(timeout time.Duration) (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error)
-	loadSettingsCallback  func()
-	app                   fyne.App
-}
-
-type newProfileMenuArgs struct {
-	ctx                  context.Context
-	serviceClient        *serviceClient
-	profileManager       *profilemanager.ProfileManager
-	eventHandler         *eventHandler
-	profileMenuItem      *systray.MenuItem
-	emailMenuItem        *systray.MenuItem
-	downClickCallback    func() error
-	upClickCallback      func(context.Context) error
-	getSrvClientCallback func(timeout time.Duration) (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error)
-	loadSettingsCallback func()
-	app                  fyne.App
-}
-
-func newProfileMenu(args newProfileMenuArgs) *profileMenu {
-	p := profileMenu{
-		ctx:                  args.ctx,
-		serviceClient:        args.serviceClient,
-		profileManager:       args.profileManager,
-		eventHandler:         args.eventHandler,
-		profileMenuItem:      args.profileMenuItem,
-		emailMenuItem:        args.emailMenuItem,
-		downClickCallback:    args.downClickCallback,
-		upClickCallback:      args.upClickCallback,
-		getSrvClientCallback: args.getSrvClientCallback,
-		loadSettingsCallback: args.loadSettingsCallback,
-		app:                  args.app,
-	}
-
-	p.emailMenuItem.Disable()
-	p.emailMenuItem.Hide()
-	p.refresh()
-	go p.updateMenu()
-
-	return &p
-}
-
-func (p *profileMenu) getProfiles() ([]Profile, error) {
-	conn, err := p.getSrvClientCallback(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(getClientFMT, err)
-	}
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get current user: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	profilesResp, err := conn.ListProfiles(p.ctx, &proto.ListProfilesRequest{
-		Username: currUser.Username,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list profiles: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	var profiles []Profile
-
-	for _, profile := range profilesResp.Profiles {
-		profiles = append(profiles, Profile{
-			Name:     profile.Name,
-			IsActive: profile.IsActive,
-		})
-	}
-
-	return profiles, nil
-}
-
-func (p *profileMenu) refresh() {
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	defer p.mu.Unlock()
-
-	profiles, err := p.getProfiles()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to list profiles: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// Clear existing profile items
-	p.clear(profiles)
-
-	currUser, err := user.Current()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get current user: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	conn, err := p.getSrvClientCallback(defaultFailTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get daemon client: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	activeProf, err := conn.GetActiveProfile(p.ctx, &proto.GetActiveProfileRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to get active profile: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if activeProf.ProfileName == "default" || activeProf.Username == currUser.Username {
-		activeProfState, err := p.profileManager.GetProfileState(activeProf.ProfileName)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("failed to get active profile state: %v", err)
-			p.emailMenuItem.Hide()
-		} else if activeProfState.Email != "" {
-			p.emailMenuItem.SetTitle(fmt.Sprintf("(%s)", activeProfState.Email))
-			p.emailMenuItem.Show()
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, profile := range profiles {
-		item := p.profileMenuItem.AddSubMenuItem(profile.Name, "")
-		if profile.IsActive {
-			item.Check()
-		}
-
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-		p.profileSubItems = append(p.profileSubItems, &subItem{item, ctx, cancel})
-
-		go func() {
-			for {
-				select {
-				case <-ctx.Done():
-					return // context cancelled
-				case _, ok := <-item.ClickedCh:
-					if !ok {
-						return // channel closed
-					}
-
-					// Handle profile selection
-					if profile.IsActive {
-						log.Infof("Profile '%s' is already active", profile.Name)
-						return
-					}
-					conn, err := p.getSrvClientCallback(defaultFailTimeout)
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Errorf("failed to get daemon client: %v", err)
-						return
-					}
-
-					_, err = conn.SwitchProfile(ctx, &proto.SwitchProfileRequest{
-						ProfileName: &profile.Name,
-						Username:    &currUser.Username,
-					})
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Errorf("failed to switch profile: %v", err)
-						// show  notification dialog
-						p.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to switch profile"))
-						return
-					}
-
-					err = p.profileManager.SwitchProfile(profile.Name)
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Errorf("failed to switch profile '%s': %v", profile.Name, err)
-						return
-					}
-
-					log.Infof("Switched to profile '%s'", profile.Name)
-
-					status, err := conn.Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-					if err != nil {
-						log.Errorf("failed to get status after switching profile: %v", err)
-						return
-					}
-
-					if status.Status == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
-						if err := p.downClickCallback(); err != nil {
-							log.Errorf("failed to handle down click after switching profile: %v", err)
-						}
-					}
-
-					if p.serviceClient.connectCancel != nil {
-						p.serviceClient.connectCancel()
-					}
-
-					connectCtx, connectCancel := context.WithCancel(p.ctx)
-					p.serviceClient.connectCancel = connectCancel
-
-					if err := p.upClickCallback(connectCtx); err != nil {
-						log.Errorf("failed to handle up click after switching profile: %v", err)
-					}
-
-					connectCancel()
-
-					p.refresh()
-					p.loadSettingsCallback()
-				}
-			}
-		}()
-
-	}
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	manageItem := p.profileMenuItem.AddSubMenuItem("Manage Profiles", "")
-	p.manageProfilesSubItem = &subItem{manageItem, ctx, cancel}
-
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-ctx.Done():
-				return
-			case _, ok := <-manageItem.ClickedCh:
-				if !ok {
-					return
-				}
-				p.eventHandler.runSelfCommand(p.ctx, "profiles", "true")
-				p.refresh()
-				p.loadSettingsCallback()
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// Add Logout menu item
-	ctx2, cancel2 := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
-	logoutItem := p.profileMenuItem.AddSubMenuItem("Deregister", "")
-	p.logoutSubItem = &subItem{logoutItem, ctx2, cancel2}
-
-	go func() {
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-ctx2.Done():
-				return
-			case _, ok := <-logoutItem.ClickedCh:
-				if !ok {
-					return
-				}
-				if err := p.eventHandler.logout(p.ctx); err != nil {
-					log.Errorf("logout failed: %v", err)
-					p.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Error", "Failed to deregister"))
-				} else {
-					p.app.SendNotification(fyne.NewNotification("Success", "Deregistered successfully"))
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	if activeProf.ProfileName == "default" || activeProf.Username == currUser.Username {
-		p.profileMenuItem.SetTitle(activeProf.ProfileName)
-	} else {
-		p.profileMenuItem.SetTitle(fmt.Sprintf("Profile: %s (User: %s)", activeProf.ProfileName, activeProf.Username))
-		p.emailMenuItem.Hide()
-	}
-
-}
-
-func (p *profileMenu) clear(profiles []Profile) {
-	for _, item := range p.profileSubItems {
-		item.Remove()
-		item.cancel()
-	}
-	p.profileSubItems = make([]*subItem, 0, len(profiles))
-	p.profilesState = profiles
-
-	if p.manageProfilesSubItem != nil {
-		p.manageProfilesSubItem.Remove()
-		p.manageProfilesSubItem.cancel()
-		p.manageProfilesSubItem = nil
-	}
-
-	if p.logoutSubItem != nil {
-		p.logoutSubItem.Remove()
-		p.logoutSubItem.cancel()
-		p.logoutSubItem = nil
-	}
-}
-
-// setEnabled enables or disables the profile menu based on the provided state
-func (p *profileMenu) setEnabled(enabled bool) {
-	if p.profileMenuItem != nil {
-		if enabled {
-			p.profileMenuItem.Enable()
-			p.profileMenuItem.SetTooltip("")
-		} else {
-			p.profileMenuItem.Hide()
-			p.profileMenuItem.SetTooltip("Profiles are disabled by daemon")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *profileMenu) updateMenu() {
-	// check every second
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			// get profilesList
-			profiles, err := p.getProfiles()
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("failed to list profiles: %v", err)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			sort.Slice(profiles, func(i, j int) bool {
-				return profiles[i].Name < profiles[j].Name
-			})
-
-			p.mu.Lock()
-			state := p.profilesState
-			p.mu.Unlock()
-
-			sort.Slice(state, func(i, j int) bool {
-				return state[i].Name < state[j].Name
-			})
-
-			if slices.Equal(profiles, state) {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			p.refresh()
-		case <-p.ctx.Done():
-			return // context cancelled
-
-		}
-	}
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/quickactions.go b/client/ui/quickactions.go
deleted file mode 100644
index bf47ac434..000000000
--- a/client/ui/quickactions.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,349 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !(linux && 386)
-
-//go:generate fyne bundle -o quickactions_assets.go assets/connected.png
-//go:generate fyne bundle -o quickactions_assets.go -append assets/disconnected.png
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	_ "embed"
-	"fmt"
-	"runtime"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/canvas"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/container"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/layout"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/widget"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-)
-
-type quickActionsUiState struct {
-	connectionStatus      string
-	isToggleButtonEnabled bool
-	isConnectionChanged   bool
-	toggleAction          func()
-}
-
-func newQuickActionsUiState() quickActionsUiState {
-	return quickActionsUiState{
-		connectionStatus:      string(internal.StatusIdle),
-		isToggleButtonEnabled: false,
-		isConnectionChanged:   false,
-	}
-}
-
-type clientConnectionStatusProvider interface {
-	connectionStatus(ctx context.Context) (string, error)
-}
-
-type daemonClientConnectionStatusProvider struct {
-	client proto.DaemonServiceClient
-}
-
-func (d daemonClientConnectionStatusProvider) connectionStatus(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
-	childCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 400*time.Millisecond)
-	defer cancel()
-	status, err := d.client.Status(childCtx, &proto.StatusRequest{})
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return status.Status, nil
-}
-
-type clientCommand interface {
-	execute() error
-}
-
-type connectCommand struct {
-	connectClient func() error
-}
-
-func (c connectCommand) execute() error {
-	return c.connectClient()
-}
-
-type disconnectCommand struct {
-	disconnectClient func() error
-}
-
-func (c disconnectCommand) execute() error {
-	return c.disconnectClient()
-}
-
-type quickActionsViewModel struct {
-	provider                   clientConnectionStatusProvider
-	connect                    clientCommand
-	disconnect                 clientCommand
-	uiChan                     chan quickActionsUiState
-	isWatchingConnectionStatus atomic.Bool
-}
-
-func newQuickActionsViewModel(ctx context.Context, provider clientConnectionStatusProvider, connect, disconnect clientCommand, uiChan chan quickActionsUiState) {
-	viewModel := quickActionsViewModel{
-		provider:   provider,
-		connect:    connect,
-		disconnect: disconnect,
-		uiChan:     uiChan,
-	}
-
-	viewModel.isWatchingConnectionStatus.Store(true)
-
-	// base UI status
-	uiChan <- newQuickActionsUiState()
-
-	// this retrieves the current connection status
-	// and pushes the UI state that reflects it via uiChan
-	go viewModel.watchConnectionStatus(ctx)
-}
-
-func (q *quickActionsViewModel) updateUiState(ctx context.Context) {
-	uiState := newQuickActionsUiState()
-	connectionStatus, err := q.provider.connectionStatus(ctx)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Status: Error - %v", err)
-		q.uiChan <- uiState
-		return
-	}
-
-	if connectionStatus == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
-		uiState.toggleAction = func() {
-			q.executeCommand(q.disconnect)
-		}
-	} else {
-		uiState.toggleAction = func() {
-			q.executeCommand(q.connect)
-		}
-	}
-
-	uiState.isToggleButtonEnabled = true
-	uiState.connectionStatus = connectionStatus
-	q.uiChan <- uiState
-}
-
-func (q *quickActionsViewModel) watchConnectionStatus(ctx context.Context) {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(1000 * time.Millisecond)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			if q.isWatchingConnectionStatus.Load() {
-				q.updateUiState(ctx)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (q *quickActionsViewModel) executeCommand(command clientCommand) {
-	uiState := newQuickActionsUiState()
-	// newQuickActionsUiState starts with Idle connection status,
-	// and all that's necessary here is to just disable the toggle button.
-	uiState.connectionStatus = ""
-
-	q.uiChan <- uiState
-
-	q.isWatchingConnectionStatus.Store(false)
-
-	err := command.execute()
-
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Status: Error - %v", err)
-		q.isWatchingConnectionStatus.Store(true)
-	} else {
-		uiState = newQuickActionsUiState()
-		uiState.isConnectionChanged = true
-		q.uiChan <- uiState
-	}
-}
-
-func getSystemTrayName() string {
-	os := runtime.GOOS
-	switch os {
-	case "darwin":
-		return "menu bar"
-	default:
-		return "system tray"
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) getNetBirdImage(name string, content []byte) *canvas.Image {
-	imageSize := fyne.NewSize(64, 64)
-
-	resource := fyne.NewStaticResource(name, content)
-	image := canvas.NewImageFromResource(resource)
-	image.FillMode = canvas.ImageFillContain
-	image.SetMinSize(imageSize)
-	image.Resize(imageSize)
-
-	return image
-}
-
-type quickActionsUiComponents struct {
-	content                                   *fyne.Container
-	toggleConnectionButton                    *widget.Button
-	connectedLabelText, disconnectedLabelText string
-	connectedImage, disconnectedImage         *canvas.Image
-	connectedCircleRes, disconnectedCircleRes fyne.Resource
-}
-
-// applyQuickActionsUiState applies a single UI state to the quick actions window.
-// It closes the window and returns true if the connection status has changed,
-// in which case the caller should stop processing further states.
-func (s *serviceClient) applyQuickActionsUiState(
-	uiState quickActionsUiState,
-	components quickActionsUiComponents,
-) bool {
-	if uiState.isConnectionChanged {
-		fyne.DoAndWait(func() {
-			s.wQuickActions.Close()
-		})
-		return true
-	}
-
-	var logo *canvas.Image
-	var buttonText string
-	var buttonIcon fyne.Resource
-
-	if uiState.connectionStatus == string(internal.StatusConnected) {
-		buttonText = components.connectedLabelText
-		buttonIcon = components.connectedCircleRes
-		logo = components.connectedImage
-	} else if uiState.connectionStatus == string(internal.StatusIdle) {
-		buttonText = components.disconnectedLabelText
-		buttonIcon = components.disconnectedCircleRes
-		logo = components.disconnectedImage
-	}
-
-	fyne.DoAndWait(func() {
-		if buttonText != "" {
-			components.toggleConnectionButton.SetText(buttonText)
-		}
-
-		if buttonIcon != nil {
-			components.toggleConnectionButton.SetIcon(buttonIcon)
-		}
-
-		if uiState.isToggleButtonEnabled {
-			components.toggleConnectionButton.Enable()
-		} else {
-			components.toggleConnectionButton.Disable()
-		}
-
-		components.toggleConnectionButton.OnTapped = func() {
-			if uiState.toggleAction != nil {
-				go uiState.toggleAction()
-			}
-		}
-
-		components.toggleConnectionButton.Refresh()
-
-		// the second position in the content's object array is the NetBird logo.
-		if logo != nil {
-			components.content.Objects[1] = logo
-			components.content.Refresh()
-		}
-	})
-
-	return false
-}
-
-// showQuickActionsUI displays a simple window with the NetBird logo and a connection toggle button.
-func (s *serviceClient) showQuickActionsUI() {
-	s.wQuickActions = s.app.NewWindow("NetBird")
-	vmCtx, vmCancel := context.WithCancel(s.ctx)
-	s.wQuickActions.SetOnClosed(vmCancel)
-
-	client, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-
-	connCmd := connectCommand{
-		connectClient: func() error {
-			return s.menuUpClick(s.ctx)
-		},
-	}
-
-	disConnCmd := disconnectCommand{
-		disconnectClient: func() error {
-			return s.menuDownClick()
-		},
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get service client: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	uiChan := make(chan quickActionsUiState, 1)
-	newQuickActionsViewModel(vmCtx, daemonClientConnectionStatusProvider{client: client}, connCmd, disConnCmd, uiChan)
-
-	connectedImage := s.getNetBirdImage("netbird.png", iconAbout)
-	disconnectedImage := s.getNetBirdImage("netbird-disconnected.png", iconAboutDisconnected)
-
-	connectedCircle := canvas.NewImageFromResource(resourceConnectedPng)
-	disconnectedCircle := canvas.NewImageFromResource(resourceDisconnectedPng)
-
-	connectedLabelText := "Disconnect"
-	disconnectedLabelText := "Connect"
-
-	toggleConnectionButton := widget.NewButtonWithIcon(disconnectedLabelText, disconnectedCircle.Resource, func() {
-		// This button's tap function will be set when an ui state arrives via the uiChan channel.
-	})
-
-	// Button starts disabled until the first ui state arrives.
-	toggleConnectionButton.Disable()
-
-	hintLabelText := fmt.Sprintf("You can always access NetBird from your %s.", getSystemTrayName())
-	hintLabel := widget.NewLabel(hintLabelText)
-
-	content := container.NewVBox(
-		layout.NewSpacer(),
-		disconnectedImage,
-		layout.NewSpacer(),
-		container.NewCenter(toggleConnectionButton),
-		layout.NewSpacer(),
-		container.NewCenter(hintLabel),
-	)
-
-	// this watches for ui state updates.
-	go func() {
-
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-vmCtx.Done():
-				return
-			case uiState, ok := <-uiChan:
-				if !ok {
-					return
-				}
-
-				closed := s.applyQuickActionsUiState(
-					uiState,
-					quickActionsUiComponents{
-						content,
-						toggleConnectionButton,
-						connectedLabelText, disconnectedLabelText,
-						connectedImage, disconnectedImage,
-						connectedCircle.Resource, disconnectedCircle.Resource,
-					},
-				)
-				if closed {
-					return
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-
-	s.wQuickActions.SetContent(content)
-	s.wQuickActions.Resize(fyne.NewSize(400, 200))
-	s.wQuickActions.SetFixedSize(true)
-	s.wQuickActions.Show()
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/quickactions_assets.go b/client/ui/quickactions_assets.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ff5e85a2..000000000
--- a/client/ui/quickactions_assets.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-// auto-generated
-// Code generated by '$ fyne bundle'. DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	_ "embed"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
-)
-
-//go:embed assets/connected.png
-var resourceConnectedPngData []byte
-var resourceConnectedPng = &fyne.StaticResource{
-	StaticName:    "assets/connected.png",
-	StaticContent: resourceConnectedPngData,
-}
-
-//go:embed assets/disconnected.png
-var resourceDisconnectedPngData []byte
-var resourceDisconnectedPng = &fyne.StaticResource{
-	StaticName:    "assets/disconnected.png",
-	StaticContent: resourceDisconnectedPngData,
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/recenter_linux.go b/client/ui/recenter_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25c468d7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/recenter_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build linux && !(linux && 386)
+
+package main
+
+// recenterOnShowPredicate returns a per-show predicate; re-centering is only
+// needed under the minimal-WM / in-process-XEmbed-tray environment, which neither
+// centers small windows nor restores position across hide -> show. Evaluated per
+// show, not at startup, because the XEmbed tray can appear after the UI starts
+// (panel and autostarted app race at login); xembedTrayAvailable is a cheap,
+// side-effect-free probe safe to call repeatedly.
+func recenterOnShowPredicate() func() bool {
+	return xembedTrayAvailable
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/recenter_other.go b/client/ui/recenter_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18ffe8730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/recenter_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//go:build (!linux || (linux && 386)) && !freebsd && !android && !ios && !js
+
+package main
+
+// recenterOnShowPredicate returns nil off Linux: macOS and Windows WMs restore
+// window position across hide -> show themselves, so Go-side re-centering would
+// only fight a window the user moved.
+func recenterOnShowPredicate() func() bool {
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/autostart.go b/client/ui/services/autostart.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98e893f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/autostart.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+)
+
+// Autostart facade over Wails' AutostartManager. The OS autostart entry registration
+// is the single source of truth; nothing is mirrored to preferences.
+type Autostart struct {
+	mgr *application.AutostartManager
+}
+
+func NewAutostart(mgr *application.AutostartManager) *Autostart {
+	return &Autostart{mgr: mgr}
+}
+
+func (a *Autostart) Supported(_ context.Context) bool {
+	_, err := a.mgr.Status()
+	return !errors.Is(err, application.ErrAutostartNotSupported)
+}
+
+// IsEnabled returns false without error on unsupported platforms.
+func (a *Autostart) IsEnabled(_ context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	enabled, err := a.mgr.IsEnabled()
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, application.ErrAutostartNotSupported) {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("read autostart state: %w", err)
+	}
+	return enabled, nil
+}
+
+// SetEnabled takes effect on the next login, not immediately.
+func (a *Autostart) SetEnabled(_ context.Context, enabled bool) error {
+	if enabled {
+		if err := a.mgr.Enable(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("enable autostart: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := a.mgr.Disable(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("disable autostart: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/compat.go b/client/ui/services/compat.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cc6dd99f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/compat.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// Compat answers whether the running daemon is new enough to drive this UI.
+type Compat struct {
+	conn DaemonConn
+}
+
+func NewCompat(conn DaemonConn) *Compat {
+	return &Compat{conn: conn}
+}
+
+// DaemonReady probes the WailsUIReady RPC once. A true result means the daemon
+// implements it and is compatible. An Unimplemented response means the daemon
+// predates this UI and is too old; the caller should surface an upgrade prompt.
+// Any other error (daemon not running, transport failure) is returned so the
+// frontend can tell "outdated" apart from "not reachable".
+func (c *Compat) DaemonReady(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	client, err := c.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if _, err := client.WailsUIReady(ctx, &proto.WailsUIReadyRequest{}); err != nil {
+		if st, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && st.Code() == codes.Unimplemented {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/conn.go b/client/ui/services/conn.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..531abe7d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/conn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+
+// DaemonConn returns a lazy gRPC client to the NetBird daemon.
+// All services receive a DaemonConn so they share a single connection.
+type DaemonConn interface {
+	Client() (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error)
+}
+
+func ptrStr(s string) *string { return &s }
diff --git a/client/ui/services/connection.go b/client/ui/services/connection.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f78ce4c0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/connection.go
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"os/user"
+	"runtime"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// LoginParams are the inputs to Login.
+type LoginParams struct {
+	ProfileName   string `json:"profileName"`
+	Username      string `json:"username"`
+	ManagementURL string `json:"managementUrl"`
+	SetupKey      string `json:"setupKey"`
+	PreSharedKey  string `json:"preSharedKey"`
+	Hostname      string `json:"hostname"`
+	Hint          string `json:"hint"`
+}
+
+// LoginResult is the daemon's reply to Login.
+type LoginResult struct {
+	NeedsSSOLogin           bool   `json:"needsSsoLogin"`
+	UserCode                string `json:"userCode"`
+	VerificationURI         string `json:"verificationUri"`
+	VerificationURIComplete string `json:"verificationUriComplete"`
+	// ProfileID is the ID of the profile this login ran against, or "" when the
+	// caller named the profile itself and no ID was resolved. Pass it back in
+	// WaitSSOParams so the account email lands on this profile even if the
+	// active one changes during SSO.
+	ProfileID string `json:"profileId"`
+}
+
+// WaitSSOParams are the inputs to waitSSOLogin.
+type WaitSSOParams struct {
+	UserCode string `json:"userCode"`
+	Hostname string `json:"hostname"`
+	// ProfileID is the profile the login was started for, used to file the
+	// account email against it rather than against whichever profile is active
+	// when the flow returns. Optional: empty falls back to the active profile.
+	ProfileID string `json:"profileId"`
+}
+
+// UpParams selects the profile to bring up.
+type UpParams struct {
+	ProfileName string `json:"profileName"`
+	Username    string `json:"username"`
+}
+
+// LogoutParams selects the profile to log out.
+type LogoutParams struct {
+	ProfileName string `json:"profileName"`
+	Username    string `json:"username"`
+}
+
+// Connection groups the daemon RPCs that drive login / connect / disconnect.
+type Connection struct {
+	conn       DaemonConn
+	classifier errorClassifier
+}
+
+// NewConnection wires up a Connection. translator or prefs may be nil, in which
+// case classifyDaemonError falls back to the bare error key.
+func NewConnection(conn DaemonConn, translator ErrorTranslator, prefs LanguagePreference) *Connection {
+	return &Connection{conn: conn, classifier: errorClassifier{translator: translator, prefs: prefs}}
+}
+
+func (s *Connection) Login(ctx context.Context, p LoginParams) (LoginResult, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return LoginResult{}, err
+	}
+
+	// No pre-Login Down: Login dislodges a pending WaitSSOLogin itself, and a
+	// defensive Down would only flash an Idle blink in the tray during handoff.
+
+	// Fall back to the daemon's active profile and the current OS user.
+	profileName := p.ProfileName
+	username := p.Username
+	// Only set when the daemon told us the ID. A caller-supplied ProfileName is
+	// a handle — a display name or an ID prefix resolve too — and the state file
+	// is named after the ID, so passing a handle on would name the wrong file.
+	profileID := ""
+	if profileName == "" {
+		if active, aerr := cli.GetActiveProfile(ctx, &proto.GetActiveProfileRequest{}); aerr == nil {
+			// Address the active profile by ID (the daemon resolves it as a
+			// handle); names can collide, the ID cannot.
+			profileName = active.GetId()
+			profileID = profileName
+			if username == "" {
+				username = active.GetUsername()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if username == "" {
+		if u, uerr := user.Current(); uerr == nil {
+			username = u.Username
+		}
+	}
+
+	req := &proto.LoginRequest{
+		ManagementUrl: p.ManagementURL,
+		SetupKey:      p.SetupKey,
+		Hostname:      p.Hostname,
+		// a login driven by the UI always has a graphical session available
+		IsUnixDesktopClient: true,
+	}
+	if profileName != "" {
+		req.ProfileName = ptrStr(profileName)
+	}
+	if username != "" {
+		req.Username = ptrStr(username)
+	}
+	if p.PreSharedKey != "" {
+		req.OptionalPreSharedKey = ptrStr(p.PreSharedKey)
+	}
+	hint := p.Hint
+	if hint == "" && profileID != "" {
+		if state, serr := profilemanager.NewProfileManager().GetProfileState(profilemanager.ID(profileID)); serr == nil {
+			hint = state.Email
+		} else {
+			log.Debugf("failed to get profile state for login hint: %v", serr)
+		}
+	}
+	if hint != "" {
+		req.Hint = ptrStr(hint)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := cli.Login(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return LoginResult{}, s.classifyDaemonError(err)
+	}
+	log.Infof("daemon login response received, needs SSO login: %v", resp.GetNeedsSSOLogin())
+	return LoginResult{
+		NeedsSSOLogin:           resp.GetNeedsSSOLogin(),
+		UserCode:                resp.GetUserCode(),
+		VerificationURI:         resp.GetVerificationURI(),
+		VerificationURIComplete: resp.GetVerificationURIComplete(),
+		ProfileID:               profileID,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Connection) Up(ctx context.Context, p UpParams) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Infof("sending up request to daemon")
+	// Always async: status updates flow via SubscribeStatus.
+	req := &proto.UpRequest{Async: true}
+	if p.ProfileName != "" {
+		req.ProfileName = ptrStr(p.ProfileName)
+	}
+	if p.Username != "" {
+		req.Username = ptrStr(p.Username)
+	}
+	if _, err = cli.Up(ctx, req); err != nil {
+		return s.classifyDaemonError(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WaitSSOLoginAndUp blocks until the SSO login completes and then brings the
+// connection up, both from the Go side. Keeping the post-login Up here rather
+// than as a frontend continuation is deliberate: during SSO the tray window is
+// hidden and the webview is suspended (macOS App Nap / hidden-window timer
+// throttling), so a frontend-driven Up would not run until the user woke the
+// window (e.g. by hovering the tray icon). Doing it in Go connects the moment
+// the daemon reports SSO success. Returns the authenticated user's email.
+func (s *Connection) WaitSSOLoginAndUp(ctx context.Context, wait WaitSSOParams, up UpParams) (string, error) {
+	email, err := s.waitSSOLogin(ctx, wait)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if err := s.Up(ctx, up); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return email, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Connection) Down(ctx context.Context) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err = cli.Down(ctx, &proto.DownRequest{}); err != nil {
+		return s.classifyDaemonError(err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// OpenURL opens url in an external browser; the embedded webview blocks
+// window.open, so the SSO verification page can't pop inline. Honors $BROWSER
+// before the platform default.
+func (s *Connection) OpenURL(url string) error {
+	if browser := os.Getenv("BROWSER"); browser != "" {
+		return exec.Command(browser, url).Start()
+	}
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "windows":
+		return exec.Command("rundll32", "url.dll,FileProtocolHandler", url).Start()
+	case "darwin":
+		return exec.Command("open", url).Start()
+	case "linux":
+		return exec.Command("xdg-open", url).Start()
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported platform")
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Connection) Logout(ctx context.Context, p LogoutParams) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	req := &proto.LogoutRequest{}
+	if p.ProfileName != "" {
+		req.ProfileName = ptrStr(p.ProfileName)
+	}
+	if p.Username != "" {
+		req.Username = ptrStr(p.Username)
+	}
+	if _, err = cli.Logout(ctx, req); err != nil {
+		return s.classifyDaemonError(err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// waitSSOLogin blocks until the daemon reports the SSO login result and returns
+// the authenticated user's email. It is unexported because the frontend drives
+// SSO through the exported WaitSSOLoginAndUp.
+func (s *Connection) waitSSOLogin(ctx context.Context, p WaitSSOParams) (string, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	log.Infof("waiting for SSO login to complete")
+	resp, err := cli.WaitSSOLogin(ctx, &proto.WaitSSOLoginRequest{
+		UserCode: p.UserCode,
+		Hostname: p.Hostname,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", s.classifyDaemonError(err)
+	}
+	log.Infof("SSO login completed, daemon reported success")
+
+	// Persist the account email the same way the CLI does after its own
+	// WaitSSOLogin: the daemon returns it but cannot store it, since it runs as
+	// root and the per-profile state file is user-owned (see Profiles.List).
+	// Without this the profile has no email, so Profiles.List shows no account
+	// and later logins and session extends go out without a login_hint —
+	// leaving the IdP to guess which account was meant.
+	if email := resp.GetEmail(); email != "" {
+		state := &profilemanager.ProfileState{Email: email}
+		pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
+
+		// Against the profile the login was started for: SSO spans seconds of
+		// user interaction, and a profile switch in that window would otherwise
+		// file the email under the wrong profile.
+		if p.ProfileID != "" {
+			err = pm.SetProfileState(profilemanager.ID(p.ProfileID), state)
+		} else {
+			err = pm.SetActiveProfileState(state)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			// Non-fatal: the login itself succeeded.
+			log.Warnf("failed to store account email: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return resp.GetEmail(), nil
+}
+
+// classifyDaemonError maps a gRPC error to a localised ClientError.
+func (s *Connection) classifyDaemonError(err error) *ClientError {
+	return s.classifier.classify(err)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/cursor_darwin.go b/client/ui/services/cursor_darwin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a927ff719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/cursor_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package services
+
+/*
+#cgo CFLAGS: -x objective-c
+#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework Foundation -framework Cocoa -framework AppKit
+#import <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
+#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
+
+typedef struct CursorPoint {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    int ok;
+} CursorPoint;
+
+// NSEvent.mouseLocation is Y-up from primary's bottom-left; flip against
+// the primary's frame height so the point matches Wails' Y-down Screen.Bounds.
+CursorPoint nbGetCursorPos(void) {
+    CursorPoint p = {0, 0, 0};
+    NSArray<NSScreen *> *screens = [NSScreen screens];
+    if (screens == nil || screens.count == 0) return p;
+    NSScreen *primary = [screens firstObject];
+    if (primary == nil) return p;
+    NSPoint loc = [NSEvent mouseLocation];
+    p.x = (int)loc.x;
+    p.y = (int)(primary.frame.size.height - loc.y);
+    p.ok = 1;
+    return p;
+}
+*/
+import "C"
+
+import "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+
+func getCursorPosition(_ *application.App) (application.Point, bool) {
+	res := C.nbGetCursorPos()
+	if res.ok == 0 {
+		return application.Point{}, false
+	}
+	return application.Point{X: int(res.x), Y: int(res.y)}, true
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/cursor_linux.go b/client/ui/services/cursor_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3294f3c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/cursor_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package services
+
+/*
+#cgo pkg-config: x11
+#cgo LDFLAGS: -lX11
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef struct CursorPoint {
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    int ok;
+} CursorPoint;
+
+// XQueryPointer works on X11 and, via XWayland, on Wayland sessions.
+// ok=0 when no X server is reachable.
+CursorPoint nbGetCursorPos(void) {
+    CursorPoint p = {0, 0, 0};
+    Display *dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
+    if (!dpy) return p;
+    Window root = DefaultRootWindow(dpy);
+    if (root == 0) { XCloseDisplay(dpy); return p; }
+    Window root_return = 0, child_return = 0;
+    int root_x = 0, root_y = 0, win_x = 0, win_y = 0;
+    unsigned int mask_return = 0;
+    if (XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &root_return, &child_return,
+                      &root_x, &root_y, &win_x, &win_y, &mask_return)) {
+        p.x = root_x;
+        p.y = root_y;
+        p.ok = 1;
+    }
+    XCloseDisplay(dpy);
+    return p;
+}
+*/
+import "C"
+
+import "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+
+func getCursorPosition(app *application.App) (application.Point, bool) {
+	res := C.nbGetCursorPos()
+	if res.ok == 0 {
+		return application.Point{}, false
+	}
+	p := application.Point{X: int(res.x), Y: int(res.y)}
+	// X11 root coords are physical pixels; Screen.Bounds is in DIPs.
+	if app == nil || app.Screen == nil {
+		return p, true
+	}
+	// The wails GTK3 backend caches screens from the active window; a tray app
+	// has none at startup, so the cache is empty and PhysicalToDipPoint would
+	// dereference a nil nearest screen. Raw pixels are correct there anyway.
+	if app.Screen.ScreenNearestPhysicalPoint(p) == nil {
+		return p, true
+	}
+	return app.Screen.PhysicalToDipPoint(p), true
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/cursor_other.go b/client/ui/services/cursor_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f35ff438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/cursor_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !darwin && !windows && !linux && !freebsd && !android && !ios && !js
+
+package services
+
+import "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+
+func getCursorPosition(_ *application.App) (application.Point, bool) {
+	return application.Point{}, false
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/cursor_windows.go b/client/ui/services/cursor_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42ed32d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/cursor_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/w32"
+)
+
+func getCursorPosition(app *application.App) (application.Point, bool) {
+	x, y, ok := w32.GetCursorPos()
+	if !ok || app == nil || app.Screen == nil {
+		return application.Point{}, false
+	}
+	// GetCursorPos is in physical pixels; Screen.Bounds is in DIPs.
+	return app.Screen.PhysicalToDipPoint(application.Point{X: x, Y: y}), true
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/daemon_feed.go b/client/ui/services/daemon_feed.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..632581fe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/daemon_feed.go
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/authsession"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/updater"
+)
+
+const (
+	EventStatusSnapshot = "netbird:status"
+	// EventDaemonNotification carries each SubscribeEvents message. Auto-update
+	// SystemEvents are also forwarded to updater.Holder.OnSystemEvent so the typed
+	// update state needs no second daemon subscription.
+	EventDaemonNotification = "netbird:event"
+	// EventProfileChanged fires after a daemon-side switch (payload: the new
+	// ProfileRef). The daemon emits no profile event, so this is the only signal
+	// that lets a flip driven from one surface paint in the others.
+	EventProfileChanged = "netbird:profile:changed"
+	// EventSessionWarning is a typed sibling of EventDaemonNotification so
+	// subscribers needn't filter the notification firehose. Consumers branch on
+	// SessionWarning.Final to tell the T-10 event from the T-2 fallback.
+	EventSessionWarning = "netbird:session:warning"
+
+	// StatusDaemonUnavailable is the synthetic Status emitted when the daemon's
+	// gRPC socket is unreachable. No internal.Status* collides with this label.
+	StatusDaemonUnavailable = "DaemonUnavailable"
+
+	// Daemon connection status strings — mirror internal.Status* in
+	// client/internal/state.go.
+	StatusConnected      = "Connected"
+	StatusConnecting     = "Connecting"
+	StatusIdle           = "Idle"
+	StatusNeedsLogin     = "NeedsLogin"
+	StatusLoginFailed    = "LoginFailed"
+	StatusSessionExpired = "SessionExpired"
+
+	// SeverityCritical is the lower-cased proto SystemEvent_CRITICAL severity, as
+	// emitted by systemEventFromProto. Critical events bypass the notifications gate.
+	SeverityCritical = "critical"
+)
+
+// Emitter sends a named payload to the frontend. Satisfied by Wails app.Event.
+type Emitter interface {
+	Emit(name string, data ...any) bool
+}
+
+// SystemEvent is the frontend-facing shape of a daemon SystemEvent.
+type SystemEvent struct {
+	ID          string            `json:"id"`
+	Severity    string            `json:"severity"`
+	Category    string            `json:"category"`
+	Message     string            `json:"message"`
+	UserMessage string            `json:"userMessage"`
+	Timestamp   int64             `json:"timestamp"`
+	Metadata    map[string]string `json:"metadata"`
+}
+
+// PeerStatus is the frontend-facing shape of a daemon PeerState.
+type PeerStatus struct {
+	IP                         string   `json:"ip"`
+	IPv6                       string   `json:"ipv6"`
+	PubKey                     string   `json:"pubKey"`
+	ConnStatus                 string   `json:"connStatus"`
+	ConnStatusUpdateUnix       int64    `json:"connStatusUpdateUnix"`
+	Relayed                    bool     `json:"relayed"`
+	LocalIceCandidateType      string   `json:"localIceCandidateType"`
+	RemoteIceCandidateType     string   `json:"remoteIceCandidateType"`
+	LocalIceCandidateEndpoint  string   `json:"localIceCandidateEndpoint"`
+	RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint string   `json:"remoteIceCandidateEndpoint"`
+	Fqdn                       string   `json:"fqdn"`
+	BytesRx                    int64    `json:"bytesRx"`
+	BytesTx                    int64    `json:"bytesTx"`
+	LatencyMs                  int64    `json:"latencyMs"`
+	RelayAddress               string   `json:"relayAddress"`
+	LastHandshakeUnix          int64    `json:"lastHandshakeUnix"`
+	RosenpassEnabled           bool     `json:"rosenpassEnabled"`
+	Networks                   []string `json:"networks"`
+}
+
+// PeerLink is this peer's connection to its mgmt or signal server.
+type PeerLink struct {
+	URL       string `json:"url"`
+	Connected bool   `json:"connected"`
+	Error     string `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// LocalPeer mirrors LocalPeerState.
+type LocalPeer struct {
+	IP       string   `json:"ip"`
+	IPv6     string   `json:"ipv6"`
+	PubKey   string   `json:"pubKey"`
+	Fqdn     string   `json:"fqdn"`
+	Networks []string `json:"networks"`
+}
+
+// Status is the snapshot the frontend renders on the dashboard.
+type Status struct {
+	Status        string        `json:"status"`
+	DaemonVersion string        `json:"daemonVersion"`
+	Management    PeerLink      `json:"management"`
+	Signal        PeerLink      `json:"signal"`
+	Local         LocalPeer     `json:"local"`
+	Peers         []PeerStatus  `json:"peers"`
+	Events        []SystemEvent `json:"events"`
+	// NetworksRevision bumps whenever the daemon's routed-networks set or their
+	// selected state changes, so consumers know when to re-fetch ListNetworks
+	// instead of polling every snapshot.
+	NetworksRevision uint64 `json:"networksRevision"`
+	// SessionExpiresAt is the absolute UTC instant the SSO session expires; nil
+	// when the peer is not SSO-tracked or login expiration is disabled.
+	SessionExpiresAt *time.Time `json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// DaemonFeed fans the daemon's two long-running gRPC streams (SubscribeStatus,
+// SubscribeEvents) out to the frontend and tray, and exposes a one-shot Status
+// RPC for callers wanting the current snapshot without subscribing.
+//
+// Profile-switch suppression: BeginProfileSwitch makes statusStreamLoop swallow
+// the transient stale Connected and Idle pushes the daemon emits during Down, so
+// consumers see Connecting → new-profile-state instead of the full blink.
+//
+// Two flags govern the switch lifecycle, evaluated independently by
+// consumeForSwitch on every push because their lifetimes differ:
+//
+//	switchInProgress (suppression): clears on the first real push from the new
+//	    Up. Daemon-side StatusConnecting comes BEFORE any NeedsLogin, so
+//	    suppression must release here before the terminal arrives.
+//	switchLoginWatch (trigger):     outlives suppression. Watches for NeedsLogin
+//	    / LoginFailed / SessionExpired along the Up's retry loop and emits
+//	    EventTriggerLogin so the React orchestrator opens browser-login.
+//
+//	┌────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┐
+//	│ Incoming daemon status                     │ Action                           │
+//	├────────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────┤
+//	│ Connected, Idle (while switchInProgress)   │ Suppress (the blink we hide)     │
+//	│ Connecting                                 │ Emit, clear switchInProgress     │
+//	│ NeedsLogin, LoginFailed, SessionExpired    │ Emit, clear both flags, also     │
+//	│                                            │   emit EventTriggerLogin         │
+//	│ Connected, Idle (while only login-watch)   │ Emit, clear switchLoginWatch     │
+//	│ DaemonUnavailable                          │ Emit, clear both flags           │
+//	│ (timeout elapsed)                          │ Clear flags, emit normally       │
+//	└────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────┘
+type DaemonFeed struct {
+	conn    DaemonConn
+	emitter Emitter
+	updater *updater.Holder
+	// logCtl attaches/detaches the GUI file log in response to the daemon's log
+	// level (a marked SystemEvent on the SubscribeEvents stream). nil when the GUI
+	// doesn't manage its log (server build / not wired), in which case the marker
+	// is ignored.
+	logCtl LogController
+
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	cancel   context.CancelFunc
+	streamWg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	switchMu              sync.Mutex
+	switchInProgress      bool
+	switchInProgressUntil time.Time
+	switchLoginWatch      bool
+	switchLoginWatchUntil time.Time
+}
+
+// LogController is the subset of guilog.DebugLog that DaemonFeed drives: Apply
+// turns the GUI file log on/off for a daemon level; Path is the gui-client.log
+// path to register with the daemon (empty when the GUI doesn't own its log).
+type LogController interface {
+	Apply(level string)
+	Path() string
+}
+
+// NewDaemonFeed builds the feed. logCtl may be nil (server build / GUI log not
+// managed), in which case log-level markers on the event stream are ignored.
+func NewDaemonFeed(conn DaemonConn, emitter Emitter, updaterHolder *updater.Holder, logCtl LogController) *DaemonFeed {
+	return &DaemonFeed{conn: conn, emitter: emitter, updater: updaterHolder, logCtl: logCtl}
+}
+
+// BeginProfileSwitch arms suppression for a switch from Connected/Connecting,
+// where the daemon emits stale Connected updates during Down's teardown then an
+// Idle before the new Up; statusStreamLoop drops those, and a synthetic
+// Connecting snapshot is emitted so consumers paint optimistically. A 30s safety
+// timeout clears the flag if no follow-up status arrives.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) BeginProfileSwitch() {
+	now := time.Now()
+	s.switchMu.Lock()
+	s.switchInProgress = true
+	s.switchInProgressUntil = now.Add(30 * time.Second)
+	s.switchLoginWatch = true
+	s.switchLoginWatchUntil = now.Add(30 * time.Second)
+	s.switchMu.Unlock()
+	s.emitter.Emit(EventStatusSnapshot, Status{Status: StatusConnecting})
+}
+
+// CancelProfileSwitch aborts a switch midway (tray Disconnect while Connecting):
+// clears suppression so the next daemon Idle paints through, and disarms the
+// login-watch so the abort doesn't pop a browser-login after the user cancelled.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) CancelProfileSwitch() {
+	s.switchMu.Lock()
+	s.switchInProgress = false
+	s.switchLoginWatch = false
+	s.switchMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// Watch starts the two background stream loops. Idempotent (a second call while
+// running is a no-op); both loops self-restart via exponential backoff.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) Watch(ctx context.Context) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if s.cancel != nil {
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	s.cancel = cancel
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.streamWg.Add(2)
+	go s.statusStreamLoop(ctx)
+	go s.toastStreamLoop(ctx)
+}
+
+// ServiceShutdown is the Wails service hook fired on app exit.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) ServiceShutdown() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	cancel := s.cancel
+	s.cancel = nil
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if cancel != nil {
+		cancel()
+	}
+	s.streamWg.Wait()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Get returns the current daemon status snapshot. An unreachable daemon socket
+// yields Status{Status: StatusDaemonUnavailable} rather than an error, so the
+// frontend keys off a single status enum without a parallel "error" path.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) Get(ctx context.Context) (Status, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		if isDaemonUnreachable(err) {
+			return Status{Status: StatusDaemonUnavailable}, nil
+		}
+		return Status{}, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.Status(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		if isDaemonUnreachable(err) {
+			return Status{Status: StatusDaemonUnavailable}, nil
+		}
+		return Status{}, err
+	}
+	return statusFromProto(resp), nil
+}
+
+// consumeForSwitch decides, for an incoming push during a profile switch,
+// whether to suppress it (suppress) and whether the switch landed in a state
+// needing the SSO flow (triggerLogin: NeedsLogin / SessionExpired / LoginFailed).
+//
+// The two flags have different lifetimes: suppression clears on Connecting, but
+// the trigger watcher must survive past it to catch the eventual NeedsLogin —
+// daemon-side StatusConnecting fires before loginToManagement, which is what may
+// then set StatusNeedsLogin.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) consumeForSwitch(st Status) (suppress, triggerLogin bool) {
+	s.switchMu.Lock()
+	defer s.switchMu.Unlock()
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	if s.switchInProgress && now.After(s.switchInProgressUntil) {
+		s.switchInProgress = false
+	}
+	if s.switchLoginWatch && now.After(s.switchLoginWatchUntil) {
+		s.switchLoginWatch = false
+	}
+
+	if s.switchInProgress {
+		switch {
+		case strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusConnecting),
+			strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusNeedsLogin),
+			strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusLoginFailed),
+			strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusSessionExpired),
+			strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusDaemonUnavailable):
+			// New flow has begun (Up started, or daemon refused it).
+			s.switchInProgress = false
+		default:
+			// Stale Connected from teardown or transient Idle: suppress so the
+			// optimistic Connecting stays painted. Login-watch stays armed.
+			return true, false
+		}
+	}
+
+	if s.switchLoginWatch {
+		switch {
+		case strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusNeedsLogin),
+			strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusLoginFailed),
+			strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusSessionExpired):
+			// SSO-needed terminal: trigger browser-login without a second click.
+			s.switchLoginWatch = false
+			return false, true
+		case strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusConnected),
+			strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusIdle),
+			strings.EqualFold(st.Status, StatusDaemonUnavailable):
+			// Terminal but not SSO — disarm without triggering.
+			s.switchLoginWatch = false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false, false
+}
+
+// statusStreamLoop subscribes to SubscribeStatus and re-emits each snapshot on
+// the Wails event bus. The first message is the current snapshot; later ones
+// fire on connection-state changes only — no polling.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) statusStreamLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	defer s.streamWg.Done()
+
+	bo := backoff.WithContext(&backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
+		InitialInterval:     time.Second,
+		RandomizationFactor: backoff.DefaultRandomizationFactor,
+		Multiplier:          backoff.DefaultMultiplier,
+		MaxInterval:         10 * time.Second,
+		MaxElapsedTime:      0,
+		Stop:                backoff.Stop,
+		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
+	}, ctx)
+
+	// unavailable fires the synthetic event once per outage, not on every retry.
+	unavailable := false
+	emitUnavailable := func() {
+		if unavailable {
+			return
+		}
+		unavailable = true
+		s.emitter.Emit(EventStatusSnapshot, Status{Status: StatusDaemonUnavailable})
+	}
+
+	op := func() error {
+		return s.subscribeAndStreamStatus(ctx, &unavailable, emitUnavailable)
+	}
+
+	if err := backoff.Retry(op, bo); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+		log.Errorf("status stream ended: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// subscribeAndStreamStatus is one attempt of the status backoff loop: open
+// SubscribeStatus and re-emit every snapshot until it errors. A daemon-
+// unreachable failure also flips the synthetic-unavailable signal.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) subscribeAndStreamStatus(ctx context.Context, unavailable *bool, emitUnavailable func()) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		emitUnavailable()
+		return fmt.Errorf("get client: %w", err)
+	}
+	stream, err := cli.SubscribeStatus(ctx, &proto.StatusRequest{GetFullPeerStatus: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		if isDaemonUnreachable(err) {
+			emitUnavailable()
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("subscribe status: %w", err)
+	}
+	for {
+		resp, err := stream.Recv()
+		if err != nil {
+			return s.handleStatusRecvErr(ctx, err, emitUnavailable)
+		}
+		*unavailable = false
+		s.emitStatus(statusFromProto(resp))
+	}
+}
+
+// handleStatusRecvErr maps a SubscribeStatus Recv error into the backoff loop's
+// return: ctx cancellation stops the loop, an unreachable socket flips the
+// synthetic-unavailable signal, everything else is retryable.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) handleStatusRecvErr(ctx context.Context, err error, emitUnavailable func()) error {
+	if ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+	if isDaemonUnreachable(err) {
+		emitUnavailable()
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("status stream recv: %w", err)
+}
+
+// emitStatus pushes a snapshot to the frontend, dropping the transient
+// stale-Connected / Idle pushes that occur mid profile switch.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) emitStatus(st Status) {
+	log.Infof("backend event: status status=%q peers=%d", st.Status, len(st.Peers))
+	suppress, triggerLogin := s.consumeForSwitch(st)
+	if suppress {
+		log.Debugf("suppressing status=%q during profile switch", st.Status)
+		return
+	}
+	s.emitter.Emit(EventStatusSnapshot, st)
+	if triggerLogin {
+		s.emitter.Emit(EventTriggerLogin)
+	}
+}
+
+// toastStreamLoop subscribes to SubscribeEvents and re-emits every SystemEvent
+// on the Wails event bus. Local name differs from the RPC so the file's two
+// streams aren't both called streamLoop.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) toastStreamLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	defer s.streamWg.Done()
+
+	bo := backoff.WithContext(&backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
+		InitialInterval:     time.Second,
+		RandomizationFactor: backoff.DefaultRandomizationFactor,
+		Multiplier:          backoff.DefaultMultiplier,
+		MaxInterval:         10 * time.Second,
+		MaxElapsedTime:      0,
+		Stop:                backoff.Stop,
+		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
+	}, ctx)
+
+	op := func() error {
+		return s.subscribeAndStreamEvents(ctx)
+	}
+
+	if err := backoff.Retry(op, bo); err != nil && ctx.Err() == nil {
+		log.Errorf("event stream ended: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// subscribeAndStreamEvents is one attempt of the event backoff loop: open
+// SubscribeEvents and fan out every SystemEvent until it errors.
+func (s *DaemonFeed) subscribeAndStreamEvents(ctx context.Context) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get client: %w", err)
+	}
+	stream, err := cli.SubscribeEvents(ctx, &proto.SubscribeRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("subscribe: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Re-register the GUI log path on every (re)connect so a daemon restart
+	// re-learns it. Best-effort — a failure must not abort the stream. Done even
+	// when file logging is off, so the path is known ahead of any debug toggle.
+	if s.logCtl != nil && s.logCtl.Path() != "" {
+		if _, err := cli.RegisterUILog(ctx, &proto.RegisterUILogRequest{Path: s.logCtl.Path()}); err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("register UI log path: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	for {
+		ev, err := stream.Recv()
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return ctx.Err()
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("stream recv: %w", err)
+		}
+		s.dispatchSystemEvent(ev)
+	}
+}
+
+// dispatchSystemEvent fans one daemon SystemEvent out to the frontend
+// notification stream, the typed session-warning event (when the metadata
+// carries one), and the updater holder (when present).
+func (s *DaemonFeed) dispatchSystemEvent(ev *proto.SystemEvent) {
+	se := systemEventFromProto(ev)
+	log.Infof("backend event: system severity=%s category=%s msg=%q", se.Severity, se.Category, se.UserMessage)
+	// Internal refresh signal (CLI-driven profile add/remove), not a notification:
+	// translate and stop so it never reaches Recent Events or fires an OS toast.
+	if se.Metadata[proto.MetadataKindKey] == proto.MetadataKindProfileListChanged {
+		s.emitter.Emit(EventProfileChanged, ProfileRef{})
+		return
+	}
+	// Internal control signal driving the GUI file log on/off — handle and stop
+	// so it never reaches Recent Events or toasts.
+	if se.Metadata[proto.MetadataKindKey] == proto.MetadataKindLogLevelChanged {
+		if s.logCtl != nil {
+			s.logCtl.Apply(se.Metadata[proto.MetadataLevelKey])
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	s.emitter.Emit(EventDaemonNotification, se)
+	if warn, ok := authsession.WarningFromMetadata(se.Metadata); ok {
+		s.emitter.Emit(EventSessionWarning, warn)
+	}
+	if s.updater != nil {
+		s.updater.OnSystemEvent(ev)
+	}
+}
+
+func statusFromProto(resp *proto.StatusResponse) Status {
+	full := resp.GetFullStatus()
+	mgmt := full.GetManagementState()
+	sig := full.GetSignalState()
+	local := full.GetLocalPeerState()
+
+	st := Status{
+		Status:           resp.GetStatus(),
+		DaemonVersion:    resp.GetDaemonVersion(),
+		NetworksRevision: full.GetNetworksRevision(),
+		Management: PeerLink{
+			URL:       mgmt.GetURL(),
+			Connected: mgmt.GetConnected(),
+			Error:     mgmt.GetError(),
+		},
+		Signal: PeerLink{
+			URL:       sig.GetURL(),
+			Connected: sig.GetConnected(),
+			Error:     sig.GetError(),
+		},
+		Local: LocalPeer{
+			IP:       local.GetIP(),
+			IPv6:     local.GetIpv6(),
+			PubKey:   local.GetPubKey(),
+			Fqdn:     local.GetFqdn(),
+			Networks: append([]string{}, local.GetNetworks()...),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range full.GetPeers() {
+		st.Peers = append(st.Peers, PeerStatus{
+			IP:                         p.GetIP(),
+			IPv6:                       p.GetIpv6(),
+			PubKey:                     p.GetPubKey(),
+			ConnStatus:                 p.GetConnStatus(),
+			ConnStatusUpdateUnix:       p.GetConnStatusUpdate().GetSeconds(),
+			Relayed:                    p.GetRelayed(),
+			LocalIceCandidateType:      p.GetLocalIceCandidateType(),
+			RemoteIceCandidateType:     p.GetRemoteIceCandidateType(),
+			LocalIceCandidateEndpoint:  p.GetLocalIceCandidateEndpoint(),
+			RemoteIceCandidateEndpoint: p.GetRemoteIceCandidateEndpoint(),
+			Fqdn:                       p.GetFqdn(),
+			BytesRx:                    p.GetBytesRx(),
+			BytesTx:                    p.GetBytesTx(),
+			LatencyMs:                  p.GetLatency().AsDuration().Milliseconds(),
+			RelayAddress:               p.GetRelayAddress(),
+			LastHandshakeUnix:          p.GetLastWireguardHandshake().GetSeconds(),
+			RosenpassEnabled:           p.GetRosenpassEnabled(),
+			Networks:                   append([]string{}, p.GetNetworks()...),
+		})
+	}
+	for _, e := range full.GetEvents() {
+		st.Events = append(st.Events, systemEventFromProto(e))
+	}
+	if ts := resp.GetSessionExpiresAt(); ts.IsValid() && !ts.AsTime().IsZero() {
+		t := ts.AsTime().UTC()
+		st.SessionExpiresAt = &t
+	}
+	return st
+}
+
+func systemEventFromProto(e *proto.SystemEvent) SystemEvent {
+	out := SystemEvent{
+		ID:          e.GetId(),
+		Severity:    strings.ToLower(strings.TrimPrefix(e.GetSeverity().String(), "SystemEvent_")),
+		Category:    strings.ToLower(strings.TrimPrefix(e.GetCategory().String(), "SystemEvent_")),
+		Message:     e.GetMessage(),
+		UserMessage: e.GetUserMessage(),
+		Metadata:    map[string]string{},
+	}
+	if ts := e.GetTimestamp(); ts != nil {
+		out.Timestamp = ts.GetSeconds()
+	}
+	for k, v := range e.GetMetadata() {
+		out.Metadata[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// isDaemonUnreachable reports whether a gRPC error means the daemon socket isn't
+// answering, versus the daemon responding with an application-level code. Only
+// the former should flip the tray to "Not running" — a daemon returning e.g.
+// FailedPrecondition is alive and must not be reported as down.
+func isDaemonUnreachable(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	st, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	if !ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	return st.Code() == codes.Unavailable
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/debug.go b/client/ui/services/debug.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1f6555a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/debug.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+)
+
+type DebugBundleParams struct {
+	Anonymize bool `json:"anonymize"`
+	// AnonymizeLevel is "default" or "strict"; strict also anonymizes
+	// private IP ranges, peer names, and WireGuard public keys.
+	AnonymizeLevel string `json:"anonymizeLevel"`
+	SystemInfo     bool   `json:"systemInfo"`
+	UploadURL      string `json:"uploadUrl"`
+	LogFileCount   uint32 `json:"logFileCount"`
+}
+
+// DebugBundleResult: Path is set for local-only bundles, UploadedKey on upload
+// success, UploadFailureReason on upload failure.
+type DebugBundleResult struct {
+	Path                string `json:"path"`
+	UploadedKey         string `json:"uploadedKey"`
+	UploadFailureReason string `json:"uploadFailureReason"`
+}
+
+// LogLevel carries a logrus level name: "error", "warn", "info", "debug", "trace".
+type LogLevel struct {
+	Level string `json:"level"`
+}
+
+type Debug struct {
+	conn DaemonConn
+}
+
+func NewDebug(conn DaemonConn) *Debug {
+	return &Debug{conn: conn}
+}
+
+func (s *Debug) Bundle(ctx context.Context, p DebugBundleParams) (DebugBundleResult, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return DebugBundleResult{}, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.DebugBundle(ctx, &proto.DebugBundleRequest{
+		Anonymize:      p.Anonymize,
+		AnonymizeLevel: p.AnonymizeLevel,
+		SystemInfo:     p.SystemInfo,
+		UploadURL:      p.UploadURL,
+		LogFileCount:   p.LogFileCount,
+		CliVersion:     version.NetbirdVersion(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return DebugBundleResult{}, err
+	}
+	return DebugBundleResult{
+		Path:                resp.GetPath(),
+		UploadedKey:         resp.GetUploadedKey(),
+		UploadFailureReason: resp.GetUploadFailureReason(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Debug) GetLogLevel(ctx context.Context) (LogLevel, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return LogLevel{}, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.GetLogLevel(ctx, &proto.GetLogLevelRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return LogLevel{}, err
+	}
+	return LogLevel{Level: resp.GetLevel().String()}, nil
+}
+
+// RevealFile opens the OS file manager focused on path. Needed because Wails'
+// Browser.OpenURL refuses non-http(s) schemes like file://.
+func (s *Debug) RevealFile(_ context.Context, path string) error {
+	if path == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty path")
+	}
+	return revealFile(path)
+}
+
+// RegisterUILog reports the GUI log path to the daemon for bundle collection;
+// the daemon runs as root and can't resolve the user's config dir. Called on
+// each daemon (re)connect.
+func (s *Debug) RegisterUILog(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = cli.RegisterUILog(ctx, &proto.RegisterUILogRequest{Path: path})
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s *Debug) StartBundleCapture(ctx context.Context, timeoutSeconds int32) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	req := &proto.StartBundleCaptureRequest{}
+	if timeoutSeconds > 0 {
+		req.Timeout = durationpb.New(time.Duration(timeoutSeconds) * time.Second)
+	}
+	_, err = cli.StartBundleCapture(ctx, req)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s *Debug) StopBundleCapture(ctx context.Context) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = cli.StopBundleCapture(ctx, &proto.StopBundleCaptureRequest{})
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s *Debug) SetLogLevel(ctx context.Context, lvl LogLevel) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// proto.LogLevel_value keys are upper-case enum names; callers pass
+	// lowercase logrus names. Upper-case before lookup or a valid level
+	// silently falls through to INFO.
+	level, ok := proto.LogLevel_value[strings.ToUpper(lvl.Level)]
+	if !ok {
+		level = int32(proto.LogLevel_INFO)
+	}
+	_, err = cli.SetLogLevel(ctx, &proto.SetLogLevelRequest{Level: proto.LogLevel(level)})
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/debug_reveal_other.go b/client/ui/services/debug_reveal_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bef0a58bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/debug_reveal_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js && !windows
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+)
+
+// revealFile opens the OS file manager focused on path.
+func revealFile(path string) error {
+	var cmd *exec.Cmd
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		cmd = exec.Command("open", "-R", path)
+	} else {
+		cmd = exec.Command("xdg-open", filepath.Dir(path))
+	}
+	return cmd.Start()
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/debug_reveal_windows.go b/client/ui/services/debug_reveal_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..790d23fab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/debug_reveal_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package services
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// SW_SHOWNORMAL for ShellExecuteW's nShowCmd.
+const swShowNormal = 1
+
+var (
+	shell32          = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("shell32.dll")
+	procShellExecute = shell32.NewProc("ShellExecuteW")
+)
+
+// revealFile opens Explorer focused on path. The debug bundle is written by the
+// daemon (running as SYSTEM) into C:\Windows\SystemTemp, whose ACL denies the
+// logged-in user. A plain "explorer /select" can't traverse it, so we elevate
+// via the ShellExecuteW "runas" verb (UAC prompt) — the elevated Explorer can
+// read the folder and highlight the file.
+func revealFile(path string) error {
+	verb, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString("runas")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encode verb: %w", err)
+	}
+	file, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString("explorer.exe")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encode file: %w", err)
+	}
+	params, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString("/select," + path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encode params: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// ShellExecuteW returns an HINSTANCE; a value <=32 is an error code.
+	ret, _, _ := procShellExecute.Call(
+		0,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(verb)),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(file)),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(params)),
+		0,
+		swShowNormal,
+	)
+	if ret <= 32 {
+		// Elevation declined or failed: fall back to an unelevated reveal of the
+		// parent directory so the user at least lands near the bundle.
+		return exec.Command("explorer", filepath.Dir(path)).Start() //nolint:gosec
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/errors.go b/client/ui/services/errors.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c6f2f20f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/errors.go
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+
+	"google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc/errdetails"
+	gcodes "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/i18n"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/preferences"
+)
+
+// privilegeErrorInfo returns the daemon's privilege-refusal detail, if the error
+// carries one.
+func privilegeErrorInfo(err error) (*errdetails.ErrorInfo, bool) {
+	for _, detail := range gstatus.Convert(err).Details() {
+		info, ok := detail.(*errdetails.ErrorInfo)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if info.GetReason() == ipcauth.ErrorReasonPrivilegeRequired && info.GetDomain() == ipcauth.ErrorDomain {
+			return info, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// ErrorTranslator localises daemon errors; runtime impl is *i18n.Bundle.
+type ErrorTranslator interface {
+	Translate(lang i18n.LanguageCode, key string, args ...string) string
+}
+
+// LanguagePreference reports the current UI language; runtime impl is *preferences.Store.
+type LanguagePreference interface {
+	Get() preferences.UIPreferences
+}
+
+// ClientError is a structured error returned to the frontend. The frontend
+// translates Code via i18n; Short is an English fallback; Long carries the
+// unwrapped daemon message.
+type ClientError struct {
+	Code  string `json:"code"`
+	Short string `json:"short"`
+	Long  string `json:"long"`
+	// Command is a command the user can run to complete the operation
+	// themselves, set when the daemon refused it for want of privileges. The
+	// frontend offers it for copying.
+	Command string `json:"command,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Error returns the short message for plain Go callers.
+func (e *ClientError) Error() string {
+	if e == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return e.Short
+}
+
+// MarshalJSON emits the struct so the Wails binding sends an object, not the
+// default "error: ..." string.
+func (e *ClientError) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if e == nil {
+		return []byte("null"), nil
+	}
+	type alias ClientError
+	return json.Marshal((*alias)(e))
+}
+
+// errorClassifier maps gRPC errors to a localised ClientError. Shared by the
+// daemon-facing services so the frontend gets a clean short message instead of
+// the wrapped gRPC chain.
+type errorClassifier struct {
+	translator ErrorTranslator
+	prefs      LanguagePreference
+}
+
+// classify maps a gRPC error to a ClientError by matching known substrings to a
+// stable code. A missing locale entry surfaces as a visible "error.<code>"
+// string — a deliberate fail-loud signal to update the bundle.
+func (c errorClassifier) classify(err error) *ClientError {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	msg := err.Error()
+	grpcCode := gcodes.Unknown
+	if st, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok {
+		msg = st.Message()
+		grpcCode = st.Code()
+	}
+
+	// A refusal for want of privileges carries its own summary and the command
+	// that performs the operation, both written for the user. Surface them
+	// verbatim: no substring guessing, and no localisation of a message the
+	// daemon composed.
+	if info, ok := privilegeErrorInfo(err); ok {
+		summary := info.GetMetadata()[ipcauth.ErrorMetaSummary]
+		if summary == "" {
+			summary = msg
+		}
+		return &ClientError{
+			Code:    "privilege_required",
+			Short:   summary,
+			Long:    summary,
+			Command: info.GetMetadata()[ipcauth.ErrorMetaCommand],
+		}
+	}
+
+	lower := strings.ToLower(msg)
+
+	code := "unknown"
+	switch {
+	case strings.Contains(lower, "token used before issued"),
+		strings.Contains(lower, "token is not valid yet"):
+		code = "jwt_clock_skew"
+	case strings.Contains(lower, "token is expired"),
+		strings.Contains(lower, "token has expired"):
+		code = "jwt_expired"
+	case strings.Contains(lower, "token signature is invalid"):
+		code = "jwt_signature_invalid"
+	case strings.Contains(lower, "peer login has expired"):
+		code = "session_expired"
+	case strings.Contains(lower, "invalid setup-key"),
+		strings.Contains(lower, "invalid setup key"):
+		code = "invalid_setup_key"
+	case strings.Contains(lower, "permission denied"):
+		code = "permission_denied"
+	case strings.Contains(lower, "no connection could be made"),
+		strings.Contains(lower, "connection refused"),
+		strings.Contains(lower, "context deadline exceeded"):
+		code = "daemon_unreachable"
+	}
+
+	// Fall back to the gRPC status code when the message didn't match a known
+	// substring — the daemon now forwards the innermost code with a clean desc
+	// that no longer contains the English marker text.
+	if code == "unknown" {
+		switch grpcCode {
+		case gcodes.PermissionDenied:
+			code = "permission_denied"
+		case gcodes.Unavailable, gcodes.DeadlineExceeded:
+			code = "daemon_unreachable"
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &ClientError{
+		Code:  code,
+		Short: c.translateShort(code),
+		Long:  msg,
+	}
+}
+
+// translateShort resolves the localised short message for code, returning the
+// bare "error.<code>" key when no translation is available so the gap stays visible.
+func (c errorClassifier) translateShort(code string) string {
+	key := "error." + code
+	if c.translator == nil {
+		return key
+	}
+	lang := i18n.DefaultLanguage
+	if c.prefs != nil {
+		if pref := c.prefs.Get().Language; pref != "" {
+			lang = pref
+		}
+	}
+	return c.translator.Translate(lang, key)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/errors_test.go b/client/ui/services/errors_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2f8f3d039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/errors_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	gcodes "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+func TestErrorClassifier_Classify(t *testing.T) {
+	c := errorClassifier{} // nil translator → Short is the bare "error.<code>" key
+
+	t.Run("permission denied by gRPC code with a clean desc", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// The daemon now forwards the innermost status: code + clean desc that
+		// no longer carries the English "permission denied" marker.
+		err := gstatus.Error(gcodes.PermissionDenied, "peer is already registered by a different User or a Setup Key")
+
+		ce := c.classify(err)
+		require.NotNil(t, ce)
+		require.Equal(t, "permission_denied", ce.Code)
+		require.Equal(t, "error.permission_denied", ce.Short)
+		require.Equal(t, "peer is already registered by a different User or a Setup Key", ce.Long)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("substring match still wins for unclassified codes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := gstatus.Error(gcodes.Unknown, "peer login has expired")
+
+		ce := c.classify(err)
+		require.NotNil(t, ce)
+		require.Equal(t, "session_expired", ce.Code)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unavailable code maps to daemon_unreachable", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ce := c.classify(gstatus.Error(gcodes.Unavailable, "transport closing"))
+		require.Equal(t, "daemon_unreachable", ce.Code)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unmatched stays unknown", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ce := c.classify(errors.New("something odd"))
+		require.Equal(t, "unknown", ce.Code)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.Nil(t, c.classify(nil))
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/foreground_other.go b/client/ui/services/foreground_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6e16a21a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/foreground_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build !windows && !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+
+func raiseToForeground(w *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	if w != nil {
+		w.Focus()
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/foreground_windows.go b/client/ui/services/foreground_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..215f30093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/foreground_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/w32"
+)
+
+var procAttachThreadInput = syscall.NewLazyDLL("user32.dll").NewProc("AttachThreadInput")
+
+func attachThreadInput(attach, attachTo w32.HANDLE, on bool) {
+	var flag uintptr
+	if on {
+		flag = 1
+	}
+	_, _, _ = procAttachThreadInput.Call(uintptr(attach), uintptr(attachTo), flag)
+}
+
+func raiseToForeground(w *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	application.InvokeSync(func() {
+		ptr := w.NativeWindow()
+		if ptr == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		hwnd := w32.HWND(uintptr(ptr))
+
+		fgThread, _ := w32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(w32.GetForegroundWindow())
+		appThread := w32.GetCurrentThreadId()
+		if fgThread != appThread {
+			attachThreadInput(fgThread, appThread, true)
+			defer attachThreadInput(fgThread, appThread, false)
+		}
+		w32.ShowWindow(hwnd, w32.SW_SHOW)
+		w32.BringWindowToTop(hwnd)
+		w32.SetForegroundWindow(hwnd)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/forwarding.go b/client/ui/services/forwarding.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ba979ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/forwarding.go
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// PortRange is a port range; both ends are inclusive.
+type PortRange struct {
+	Start uint32 `json:"start"`
+	End   uint32 `json:"end"`
+}
+
+// PortInfo holds exactly one of Port or Range (the daemon's oneof).
+type PortInfo struct {
+	Port  *uint32    `json:"port,omitempty"`
+	Range *PortRange `json:"range,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ForwardingRule is one entry from the daemon's reverse-proxy table.
+type ForwardingRule struct {
+	Protocol           string   `json:"protocol"`
+	DestinationPort    PortInfo `json:"destinationPort"`
+	TranslatedAddress  string   `json:"translatedAddress"`
+	TranslatedHostname string   `json:"translatedHostname"`
+	TranslatedPort     PortInfo `json:"translatedPort"`
+}
+
+// Forwarding groups the daemon RPCs that surface exposed/forwarded services.
+type Forwarding struct {
+	conn DaemonConn
+}
+
+func NewForwarding(conn DaemonConn) *Forwarding {
+	return &Forwarding{conn: conn}
+}
+
+func (s *Forwarding) List(ctx context.Context) ([]ForwardingRule, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.ForwardingRules(ctx, &proto.EmptyRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out := make([]ForwardingRule, 0, len(resp.GetRules()))
+	for _, r := range resp.GetRules() {
+		out = append(out, forwardingRuleFromProto(r))
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func forwardingRuleFromProto(r *proto.ForwardingRule) ForwardingRule {
+	return ForwardingRule{
+		Protocol:           r.GetProtocol(),
+		DestinationPort:    portInfoFromProto(r.GetDestinationPort()),
+		TranslatedAddress:  r.GetTranslatedAddress(),
+		TranslatedHostname: r.GetTranslatedHostname(),
+		TranslatedPort:     portInfoFromProto(r.GetTranslatedPort()),
+	}
+}
+
+func portInfoFromProto(p *proto.PortInfo) PortInfo {
+	if p == nil {
+		return PortInfo{}
+	}
+	switch sel := p.GetPortSelection().(type) {
+	case *proto.PortInfo_Port:
+		port := sel.Port
+		return PortInfo{Port: &port}
+	case *proto.PortInfo_Range_:
+		r := sel.Range
+		if r == nil {
+			return PortInfo{}
+		}
+		return PortInfo{Range: &PortRange{Start: r.GetStart(), End: r.GetEnd()}}
+	}
+	return PortInfo{}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/guarded.go b/client/ui/services/guarded.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f425428b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/guarded.go
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/elevate"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+)
+
+// The command line of the one-shot mode this binary runs itself in, elevated, to
+// apply a setting the daemon restricts to root/administrator. The setting flags
+// spell the same words as `netbird up`, so the command a user is shown and what
+// runs behind the prompt read alike. Parsed in oneshot.go.
+const (
+	FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings = "apply-privileged-settings"
+	FlagDaemonAddr              = "daemon-addr"
+	FlagProfile                 = "profile"
+	FlagUser                    = "user"
+	FlagLogLevel                = "log-level"
+	FlagManagementURL           = "management-url"
+	FlagAllowServerSSH          = "allow-server-ssh"
+	FlagEnableSSHRoot           = "enable-ssh-root"
+	FlagDisableSSHAuth          = "disable-ssh-auth"
+)
+
+// Error codes for the ways asking for privileges can fail.
+const (
+	CodeElevationUnavailable = "elevation_unavailable"
+	CodeElevationFailed      = "elevation_failed"
+)
+
+// elevationTimeout bounds the wait for a prompt and the change behind it, so a
+// dialog nobody answers does not leave its control disabled for the session. Long
+// enough to find a password manager, and no shorter than the platforms' own prompt
+// timeouts: Windows gives up on its consent dialog after two minutes by itself.
+//
+// It always ends our waiting, and not always the prompt: Security.framework offers
+// no way to withdraw a request, so on macOS the system's own timeout is what closes
+// the dialog.
+const elevationTimeout = 5 * time.Minute
+
+// elevator raises the platform's privilege prompt and runs the change behind it.
+// An interface so tests can answer without a prompt.
+type elevator interface {
+	// Run runs this binary again, elevated, with the given arguments.
+	Run(ctx context.Context, args ...string) error
+	// Available reports whether there is a prompt to raise on this host at all.
+	Available() bool
+}
+
+// osElevator is the real thing: see the elevate package.
+type osElevator struct{}
+
+func (osElevator) Run(ctx context.Context, args ...string) error {
+	return elevate.Run(ctx, args...)
+}
+
+func (osElevator) Available() bool {
+	return elevate.Available()
+}
+
+// SaveOutcome reports what became of a change that needed authorization.
+//
+// A declined prompt is a result, not an error: the user was asked and said no, so
+// nothing was applied and nothing went wrong. Reporting it as an error would have
+// every cancelled prompt logged as one.
+type SaveOutcome struct {
+	// Declined is set when the user dismissed the authorization prompt, or was
+	// refused by policy. Nothing was changed.
+	Declined bool `json:"declined"`
+}
+
+// GuardedSettings is the subset of the config the daemon restricts to
+// root/administrator. Only the fields that are set are changed: a nil pointer, or
+// an empty management URL, leaves that setting alone.
+//
+// The management URL is in here because pointing a host with the SSH server
+// running at another management identity hands the decision of who may open a
+// shell on it to whoever runs that server, which is the same power as enabling
+// the SSH server in the first place.
+type GuardedSettings struct {
+	ProfileName      string `json:"profileName"`
+	Username         string `json:"username"`
+	ManagementURL    string `json:"managementUrl,omitempty"`
+	ServerSSHAllowed *bool  `json:"serverSshAllowed,omitempty"`
+	EnableSSHRoot    *bool  `json:"enableSshRoot,omitempty"`
+	DisableSSHAuth   *bool  `json:"disableSshAuth,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// guardedSetting is one setting to change, in the two spellings this needs: the
+// one-shot's own flag, and the `netbird up` flag that does the same thing from a
+// terminal, for when there is no prompt to raise.
+type guardedSetting struct {
+	arg  string
+	flag string
+}
+
+// SetGuardedSettings applies settings the daemon refuses from an unprivileged
+// caller, by having the operating system run this binary again, elevated, to send
+// the same request the frontend would have sent itself.
+//
+// The user authorizes it at the platform's own prompt: the UAC consent dialog,
+// the macOS authentication dialog, or the polkit agent's. Any credentials are the
+// operating system's business; NetBird neither sees nor asks for them. Nothing
+// about the daemon's rules changes, and the elevated process is authorized like
+// any other privileged caller, from the identity the kernel reports for it.
+//
+// A declined prompt comes back as SaveOutcome.Declined with no error. When there is
+// no prompt to raise, or the elevated run failed, the error carries the command
+// that does the same thing from a terminal.
+func (s *Settings) SetGuardedSettings(ctx context.Context, p GuardedSettings) (SaveOutcome, error) {
+	settings := guardedSettings(p)
+	if len(settings) == 0 {
+		return SaveOutcome{}, &ClientError{
+			Code:  CodeElevationFailed,
+			Short: "no setting to apply",
+			Long:  "no setting to apply",
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The elevated run has no window and, on Linux, an environment pkexec has
+	// cleared, so what it writes to stderr is all there is to go on. It follows
+	// this process's level so that starting the app with --log-level debug says
+	// something about the run behind the prompt too.
+	args := append([]string{
+		"--" + FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings,
+		"--" + FlagDaemonAddr, s.daemonAddr,
+		"--" + FlagProfile, p.ProfileName,
+		"--" + FlagUser, p.Username,
+		"--" + FlagLogLevel, log.GetLevel().String(),
+	}, oneShotArgs(settings)...)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, elevationTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// These changes hand out shells on this host, so both ends are logged: when the
+	// prompt went up, and what came of it. It is also the only account of a prompt
+	// that was slow to appear or never answered.
+	log.Infof("asking for privileges to apply %s", guardedSummary(p))
+
+	if err := s.elevator.Run(ctx, args...); err != nil {
+		return s.elevationOutcome(err, p)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("applied %s with the privileges the user authorized", guardedSummary(p))
+	return SaveOutcome{}, nil
+}
+
+// elevationOutcome sorts what came back into the one normal ending and the two
+// that need reporting, with the command that does the same thing by hand.
+func (s *Settings) elevationOutcome(err error, p GuardedSettings) (SaveOutcome, error) {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, elevate.ErrDeclined):
+		// With the reason: an account that may not elevate at all lands here too,
+		// and the log is the only place that says which it was.
+		log.Infof("the elevation prompt for %s was declined: %v", guardedSummary(p), err)
+		return SaveOutcome{Declined: true}, nil
+	case errors.Is(err, elevate.ErrUnavailable):
+		log.Warnf("cannot ask for privileges to apply %s: %v", guardedSummary(p), err)
+		return SaveOutcome{}, &ClientError{
+			Code:    CodeElevationUnavailable,
+			Short:   s.classifier.translateShort(CodeElevationUnavailable),
+			Long:    err.Error(),
+			Command: guardedCommand(p),
+		}
+	default:
+		log.Errorf("applying %s with elevated privileges failed: %v", guardedSummary(p), err)
+		return SaveOutcome{}, &ClientError{
+			Code:    CodeElevationFailed,
+			Short:   s.classifier.translateShort(CodeElevationFailed),
+			Long:    err.Error(),
+			Command: guardedCommand(p),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// guardedSettings renders the settings that are actually being changed, from the
+// same table the one-shot parses them with: see oneshot.go.
+func guardedSettings(p GuardedSettings) []guardedSetting {
+	var settings []guardedSetting
+	for _, field := range guardedFields {
+		value, ok := field.read(p)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		settings = append(settings, guardedSetting{
+			arg:  "--" + field.flag + "=" + value,
+			flag: field.up(value),
+		})
+	}
+	return settings
+}
+
+func oneShotArgs(settings []guardedSetting) []string {
+	args := make([]string, 0, len(settings))
+	for _, setting := range settings {
+		args = append(args, setting.arg)
+	}
+	return args
+}
+
+func upFlags(settings []guardedSetting) []string {
+	flags := make([]string, 0, len(settings))
+	for _, setting := range settings {
+		flags = append(flags, setting.flag)
+	}
+	return flags
+}
+
+// guardedCommand is the elevated command line equivalent to the requested
+// change, the same shape the daemon names in its own refusals.
+func guardedCommand(p GuardedSettings) string {
+	settings := guardedSettings(p)
+	if len(settings) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return ipcauth.UpCommand(strings.Join(upFlags(settings), " "))
+}
+
+// guardedSummary names the change for the log.
+func guardedSummary(p GuardedSettings) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v for profile %q", oneShotArgs(guardedSettings(p)), p.ProfileName)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/guarded_test.go b/client/ui/services/guarded_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42c00ce4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/guarded_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc/errdetails"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/elevate"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// A Unix socket, so the daemon address is one that carries a caller's identity and
+// elevation is worth offering at all: see Settings.canElevate.
+const testDaemonAddr = "unix:///var/run/netbird.sock"
+
+// storedManagementURL is what the stub daemon already holds, so that a request
+// naming a different one is a change: see Settings.guardedChanges.
+const storedManagementURL = "https://stored.example.com"
+
+// stubElevator stands in for the platform's prompt: it records what would have run
+// and answers with a fixed outcome.
+type stubElevator struct {
+	outcome   error
+	available bool
+	calls     [][]string
+}
+
+func (e *stubElevator) Run(_ context.Context, args ...string) error {
+	e.calls = append(e.calls, args)
+	return e.outcome
+}
+
+func (e *stubElevator) Available() bool { return e.available }
+
+// stubDaemon implements only the RPCs under test. The embedded interface is nil, so
+// any other call panics rather than passing quietly.
+type stubDaemon struct {
+	proto.DaemonServiceClient
+	setConfig func(*proto.SetConfigRequest) error
+	// stored is what GetConfig reports, which is what a refused request's guarded
+	// settings are compared against.
+	stored   *proto.GetConfigResponse
+	requests []*proto.SetConfigRequest
+}
+
+func (d *stubDaemon) SetConfig(_ context.Context, in *proto.SetConfigRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.SetConfigResponse, error) {
+	d.requests = append(d.requests, in)
+	if err := d.setConfig(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &proto.SetConfigResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+func (d *stubDaemon) GetConfig(_ context.Context, _ *proto.GetConfigRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.GetConfigResponse, error) {
+	return d.stored, nil
+}
+
+type stubConn struct{ client proto.DaemonServiceClient }
+
+func (c stubConn) Client() (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error) { return c.client, nil }
+
+// privilegeRefusal is the error the daemon raises for a change it restricts to
+// root, detail and all: see server.privilegeError.
+func privilegeRefusal(t *testing.T) error {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	st, err := gstatus.New(codes.PermissionDenied, "Changing the management URL requires root.").
+		WithDetails(&errdetails.ErrorInfo{
+			Reason: ipcauth.ErrorReasonPrivilegeRequired,
+			Domain: ipcauth.ErrorDomain,
+			Metadata: map[string]string{
+				ipcauth.ErrorMetaSummary: "Changing the management URL requires root.",
+				ipcauth.ErrorMetaCommand: "sudo netbird down; sudo netbird up -m https://mgmt.example.com",
+			},
+		})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "build the refusal detail")
+	return st.Err()
+}
+
+func settingsWithElevation(t *testing.T, outcome error) (*Settings, *stubElevator) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	elev := &stubElevator{outcome: outcome, available: true}
+	return &Settings{daemonAddr: testDaemonAddr, elevator: elev}, elev
+}
+
+// settingsRefusingOnce returns a Settings whose daemon refuses the first SetConfig
+// for want of privileges and accepts anything after it. Its stored config holds
+// another management server and no SSH grants, so a request naming either is a
+// change rather than a restatement.
+func settingsRefusingOnce(t *testing.T, elev *stubElevator) (*Settings, *stubDaemon) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	refusal := privilegeRefusal(t)
+	daemon := &stubDaemon{stored: &proto.GetConfigResponse{ManagementUrl: storedManagementURL}}
+	daemon.setConfig = func(*proto.SetConfigRequest) error {
+		if len(daemon.requests) == 1 {
+			return refusal
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &Settings{conn: stubConn{client: daemon}, daemonAddr: testDaemonAddr, elevator: elev}, daemon
+}
+
+func TestSetGuardedSettingsPassesOnlyTheChangedSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	s, elev := settingsWithElevation(t, nil)
+
+	root := true
+	outcome, err := s.SetGuardedSettings(context.Background(), GuardedSettings{
+		ProfileName:   "work",
+		Username:      "vma",
+		EnableSSHRoot: &root,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, outcome.Declined, "the prompt was answered")
+
+	want := []string{
+		"--" + FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings,
+		"--" + FlagDaemonAddr, testDaemonAddr,
+		"--" + FlagProfile, "work",
+		"--" + FlagUser, "vma",
+		"--" + FlagLogLevel, log.GetLevel().String(),
+		"--" + FlagEnableSSHRoot + "=true",
+	}
+	require.Len(t, elev.calls, 1, "one prompt for one change")
+	assert.Equal(t, want, elev.calls[0], "elevated arguments")
+
+	// argv[1] is what the polkit action is pinned to, so the marker has to stay
+	// first however the rest of the line grows.
+	assert.Equal(t, "--"+FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings, elev.calls[0][0], "the flag polkit matches on")
+}
+
+// Turning a setting off has to be as explicit as turning it on: a bare flag would
+// read as "on" to the one-shot's parser.
+func TestSetGuardedSettingsSpellsOutFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	s, elev := settingsWithElevation(t, nil)
+
+	off := false
+	_, err := s.SetGuardedSettings(context.Background(), GuardedSettings{
+		ProfileName:      "default",
+		ServerSSHAllowed: &off,
+		DisableSSHAuth:   &off,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	args := elev.calls[0]
+	assert.Contains(t, args, "--"+FlagAllowServerSSH+"=false", "the setting being switched off")
+	assert.Contains(t, args, "--"+FlagDisableSSHAuth+"=false", "the setting being switched off")
+	assert.NotContains(t, args, "--"+FlagEnableSSHRoot+"=false", "no flag for a setting nobody touched")
+}
+
+func TestSetGuardedSettingsPassesTheManagementURL(t *testing.T) {
+	s, elev := settingsWithElevation(t, nil)
+
+	_, err := s.SetGuardedSettings(context.Background(), GuardedSettings{
+		ProfileName:   "default",
+		ManagementURL: "https://mgmt.example.com:33073",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, elev.calls[0], "--"+FlagManagementURL+"=https://mgmt.example.com:33073",
+		"the management URL to point the profile at")
+}
+
+func TestSetGuardedSettingsWithoutASettingDoesNotElevate(t *testing.T) {
+	s, elev := settingsWithElevation(t, nil)
+
+	_, err := s.SetGuardedSettings(context.Background(), GuardedSettings{ProfileName: "default"})
+
+	require.Error(t, err, "nothing to apply is not something to prompt for")
+	assert.Empty(t, elev.calls, "no prompt at all")
+}
+
+// A declined prompt is the one ending that is not an error: reporting it as one
+// would have every cancelled prompt logged as a failure.
+func TestSetGuardedSettingsReportsADeclinedPromptAsAnOutcome(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _ := settingsWithElevation(t, elevate.ErrDeclined)
+
+	root := true
+	outcome, err := s.SetGuardedSettings(context.Background(), GuardedSettings{
+		ProfileName:   "default",
+		EnableSSHRoot: &root,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "the user was asked and answered; nothing went wrong")
+	assert.True(t, outcome.Declined, "nothing was applied")
+}
+
+func TestSetGuardedSettingsMapsFailures(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		outcome  error
+		wantCode string
+	}{
+		{
+			// Nothing to raise a prompt with: the user needs the command.
+			name:     "no mechanism falls back to the command",
+			outcome:  elevate.ErrUnavailable,
+			wantCode: CodeElevationUnavailable,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "a failed run falls back to the command",
+			outcome:  errors.New("elevated netbird exited with 1"),
+			wantCode: CodeElevationFailed,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s, _ := settingsWithElevation(t, tt.outcome)
+
+			root := true
+			_, err := s.SetGuardedSettings(context.Background(), GuardedSettings{
+				ProfileName:   "default",
+				EnableSSHRoot: &root,
+			})
+
+			var clientErr *ClientError
+			require.ErrorAs(t, err, &clientErr, "the frontend needs a code to act on")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantCode, clientErr.Code, "error code")
+			assert.Contains(t, clientErr.Command, "--"+FlagEnableSSHRoot+"=true",
+				"the setting in the fallback command")
+			assert.Contains(t, clientErr.Command, "netbird up", "the fallback command")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Changing the management URL is only privileged while the host runs the SSH
+// server, which no control can know up front, so the refusal is what triggers the
+// prompt. The original request goes again afterwards, so the fields the one-shot
+// does not understand are applied too.
+func TestSetConfigElevatesAfterARefusalAndRetries(t *testing.T) {
+	elev := &stubElevator{available: true}
+	s, daemon := settingsRefusingOnce(t, elev)
+
+	mtu := int64(1280)
+	outcome, err := s.SetConfig(context.Background(), SetConfigParams{
+		ProfileName:   "default",
+		ManagementURL: "https://mgmt.example.com",
+		MTU:           &mtu,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, outcome.Declined, "the prompt was answered")
+
+	require.Len(t, elev.calls, 1, "one prompt")
+	assert.Contains(t, elev.calls[0], "--"+FlagManagementURL+"=https://mgmt.example.com",
+		"the guarded part of the request")
+	require.Len(t, daemon.requests, 2, "the refused request and the retry")
+	assert.Equal(t, mtu, daemon.requests[1].GetMtu(),
+		"the retry carries the rest of the request, which the one-shot does not understand")
+}
+
+func TestSetConfigDoesNotRetryWhenTheUserDeclines(t *testing.T) {
+	elev := &stubElevator{outcome: elevate.ErrDeclined, available: true}
+	s, daemon := settingsRefusingOnce(t, elev)
+
+	outcome, err := s.SetConfig(context.Background(), SetConfigParams{
+		ProfileName:   "default",
+		ManagementURL: "https://mgmt.example.com",
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "a declined prompt is not an error")
+	assert.True(t, outcome.Declined, "nothing was applied")
+	assert.Len(t, daemon.requests, 1, "only the refused request")
+}
+
+// With no prompt to raise, the refusal is reported as the daemon wrote it, which is
+// the guidance that was there before elevation existed.
+func TestSetConfigReportsTheRefusalWhenItCannotElevate(t *testing.T) {
+	elev := &stubElevator{available: false}
+	s, _ := settingsRefusingOnce(t, elev)
+
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(context.Background(), SetConfigParams{
+		ProfileName:   "default",
+		ManagementURL: "https://mgmt.example.com",
+	})
+
+	var clientErr *ClientError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &clientErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, "privilege_required", clientErr.Code, "error code")
+	assert.Contains(t, clientErr.Command, "netbird up -m https://mgmt.example.com",
+		"the daemon's own command")
+	assert.Empty(t, elev.calls, "no prompt where there is none to raise")
+}
+
+// One authorization must buy only the change the user made. A settings form
+// submits every field it holds, so most of a refused request restates what the
+// daemon already has, and elevating those too would apply a guarded setting the
+// user never touched — a value gone stale since the form loaded above all.
+func TestSetConfigElevatesOnlyTheGuardedSettingsThatChange(t *testing.T) {
+	elev := &stubElevator{available: true}
+	s, _ := settingsRefusingOnce(t, elev)
+
+	on, off := true, false
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(context.Background(), SetConfigParams{
+		ProfileName:      "default",
+		ManagementURL:    storedManagementURL,
+		ServerSSHAllowed: &off,
+		EnableSSHRoot:    &off,
+		DisableSSHAuth:   &on,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, elev.calls, 1, "one prompt")
+	args := elev.calls[0]
+	assert.Contains(t, args, "--"+FlagDisableSSHAuth+"=true", "the setting that changes")
+	assert.NotContains(t, args, "--"+FlagManagementURL+"="+storedManagementURL,
+		"a management URL the daemon already holds")
+	assert.NotContains(t, args, "--"+FlagAllowServerSSH+"=false", "a setting already off")
+	assert.NotContains(t, args, "--"+FlagEnableSSHRoot+"=false", "a setting already off")
+}
+
+// A request that changes no guarded setting has nothing an elevated run could
+// apply, so the refusal must have come from somewhere a prompt cannot reach.
+func TestSetConfigDoesNotElevateWhenNoGuardedSettingChanges(t *testing.T) {
+	elev := &stubElevator{available: true}
+	s, _ := settingsRefusingOnce(t, elev)
+
+	off := false
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(context.Background(), SetConfigParams{
+		ProfileName:      "default",
+		ManagementURL:    storedManagementURL,
+		ServerSSHAllowed: &off,
+	})
+
+	var clientErr *ClientError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &clientErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, "privilege_required", clientErr.Code, "error code")
+	assert.Empty(t, elev.calls, "no prompt for a change nobody made")
+}
+
+// A refusal with nothing in the request the one-shot could apply: the daemon
+// cannot see who is calling, and being root would not help either.
+func TestSetConfigReportsARefusalWithNothingToElevate(t *testing.T) {
+	elev := &stubElevator{available: true}
+	s, _ := settingsRefusingOnce(t, elev)
+
+	_, err := s.SetConfig(context.Background(), SetConfigParams{ProfileName: "default"})
+
+	var clientErr *ClientError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &clientErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, "privilege_required", clientErr.Code, "error code")
+	assert.Empty(t, elev.calls, "no prompt")
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/i18n.go b/client/ui/services/i18n.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..755bbe02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/i18n.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/i18n"
+)
+
+// I18n is the Wails-bound facade over i18n.Bundle; the translation logic lives
+// in client/ui/i18n.
+type I18n struct {
+	bundle *i18n.Bundle
+}
+
+func NewI18n(bundle *i18n.Bundle) *I18n {
+	return &I18n{bundle: bundle}
+}
+
+// Languages returns the shipped locales.
+func (s *I18n) Languages(_ context.Context) ([]i18n.Language, error) {
+	return s.bundle.Languages(), nil
+}
+
+// Bundle returns the full key->text map so the React side can drive its own
+// translation library off the same source bundles.
+func (s *I18n) Bundle(_ context.Context, code i18n.LanguageCode) (map[string]string, error) {
+	return s.bundle.BundleFor(code)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/network.go b/client/ui/services/network.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c2d127494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/network.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+type Network struct {
+	ID          string              `json:"id"`
+	Range       string              `json:"range"`
+	Selected    bool                `json:"selected"`
+	Domains     []string            `json:"domains"`
+	ResolvedIPs map[string][]string `json:"resolvedIps"`
+}
+
+// SelectNetworksParams: All targets every available network; Append merges IDs into the existing selection.
+type SelectNetworksParams struct {
+	NetworkIDs []string `json:"networkIds"`
+	Append     bool     `json:"append"`
+	All        bool     `json:"all"`
+}
+
+type Networks struct {
+	conn DaemonConn
+}
+
+func NewNetworks(conn DaemonConn) *Networks {
+	return &Networks{conn: conn}
+}
+
+func (s *Networks) List(ctx context.Context) ([]Network, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.ListNetworks(ctx, &proto.ListNetworksRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out := make([]Network, 0, len(resp.GetRoutes()))
+	for _, n := range resp.GetRoutes() {
+		out = append(out, networkFromProto(n))
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Networks) Select(ctx context.Context, p SelectNetworksParams) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = cli.SelectNetworks(ctx, &proto.SelectNetworksRequest{
+		NetworkIDs: p.NetworkIDs,
+		Append:     p.Append,
+		All:        p.All,
+	})
+	return err
+}
+
+func (s *Networks) Deselect(ctx context.Context, p SelectNetworksParams) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = cli.DeselectNetworks(ctx, &proto.SelectNetworksRequest{
+		NetworkIDs: p.NetworkIDs,
+		Append:     p.Append,
+		All:        p.All,
+	})
+	return err
+}
+
+func networkFromProto(n *proto.Network) Network {
+	resolved := make(map[string][]string, len(n.GetResolvedIPs()))
+	for k, v := range n.GetResolvedIPs() {
+		resolved[k] = append([]string{}, v.GetIps()...)
+	}
+	return Network{
+		ID:          n.GetID(),
+		Range:       n.GetRange(),
+		Selected:    n.GetSelected(),
+		Domains:     append([]string{}, n.GetDomains()...),
+		ResolvedIPs: resolved,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/oneshot.go b/client/ui/services/oneshot.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d20b390cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/oneshot.go
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	gstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/elevate"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// The other end of SetGuardedSettings: the mode this binary runs itself in,
+// elevated, to apply the settings the daemon restricts to root/administrator.
+//
+// Both ends are here on purpose. What may be changed this way is an allowlist, and
+// an allowlist declared twice is one that will eventually disagree with itself, so
+// the arguments are rendered and parsed from a single table: guardedFields. Adding
+// a setting is one row; nothing generic passes through, and no field outside the
+// table can be reached with an elevated request no matter what lands on the command
+// line.
+
+// oneShotTimeout bounds the whole one-shot: connect, one RPC, exit. Generous
+// because the user has just waited for an authentication dialog, and a failure here
+// costs them the entire round trip.
+const oneShotTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
+// Exit codes the parent reads where the platform gives it one.
+const (
+	exitOK      = 0
+	exitFailure = 1
+	exitUsage   = 2
+)
+
+// guardedField is one setting the one-shot understands, in the two spellings it
+// needs and with the two halves of its plumbing.
+type guardedField struct {
+	// flag names it on the one-shot's command line.
+	flag  string
+	usage string
+	// read returns the value to send and whether the caller asked for this setting
+	// at all.
+	read func(GuardedSettings) (string, bool)
+	// write parses a value from the command line onto the request. It is the only
+	// thing that validates the value, so it fails on anything it does not
+	// recognise rather than guessing.
+	write func(*proto.SetConfigRequest, string) error
+	// up renders the equivalent `netbird up` flag, for the fallback command shown
+	// when there is no prompt to raise.
+	up func(value string) string
+}
+
+var guardedFields = []guardedField{
+	{
+		flag:  FlagManagementURL,
+		usage: "Management server the profile registers with.",
+		read:  func(p GuardedSettings) (string, bool) { return p.ManagementURL, p.ManagementURL != "" },
+		write: func(req *proto.SetConfigRequest, value string) error {
+			// Parsed with the config layer's own parser, so what the elevated run
+			// accepts cannot drift from what the daemon would store.
+			if _, err := profilemanager.ParseServiceURL("Management URL", value); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			req.ManagementUrl = value
+			return nil
+		},
+		// The daemon names this one as `-m <url>` in its own refusals.
+		up: func(value string) string { return "-m " + value },
+	},
+	boolField(FlagAllowServerSSH, "Run the NetBird SSH server.",
+		func(p GuardedSettings) *bool { return p.ServerSSHAllowed },
+		func(req *proto.SetConfigRequest, v *bool) { req.ServerSSHAllowed = v }),
+	boolField(FlagEnableSSHRoot, "Allow SSH sessions to privileged accounts.",
+		func(p GuardedSettings) *bool { return p.EnableSSHRoot },
+		func(req *proto.SetConfigRequest, v *bool) { req.EnableSSHRoot = v }),
+	boolField(FlagDisableSSHAuth, "Accept SSH sessions without authentication.",
+		func(p GuardedSettings) *bool { return p.DisableSSHAuth },
+		func(req *proto.SetConfigRequest, v *bool) { req.DisableSSHAuth = v }),
+}
+
+// fieldValue is a flag that remembers whether it was given, and requires a value:
+// the renderer always writes one, so a bare flag is a caller that got it wrong.
+type fieldValue struct {
+	set   bool
+	value string
+}
+
+func (v *fieldValue) String() string {
+	if v == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return v.value
+}
+
+func (v *fieldValue) Set(value string) error {
+	v.set, v.value = true, value
+	return nil
+}
+
+// boolField describes a setting that is on or off. The value is always spelled out,
+// so that turning a setting off is as unambiguous as turning it on and a flag with
+// no value is a mistake rather than an "on".
+func boolField(
+	name, usage string,
+	read func(GuardedSettings) *bool,
+	write func(*proto.SetConfigRequest, *bool),
+) guardedField {
+	return guardedField{
+		flag:  name,
+		usage: usage,
+		read: func(p GuardedSettings) (string, bool) {
+			value := read(p)
+			if value == nil {
+				return "", false
+			}
+			return strconv.FormatBool(*value), true
+		},
+		write: func(req *proto.SetConfigRequest, value string) error {
+			parsed, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("parse %q as a boolean: %w", value, err)
+			}
+			write(req, &parsed)
+			return nil
+		},
+		up: func(value string) string { return "--" + name + "=" + value },
+	}
+}
+
+// IsPrivilegedSettingsRun reports whether this process was started as the one-shot.
+// The flag is a marker rather than a value, so only the bare forms count: reading a
+// value would mean "--flag=false" started it too.
+func IsPrivilegedSettingsRun(args []string) bool {
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		if arg == "--"+FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings || arg == "-"+FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// RunPrivilegedSettings applies the requested settings and returns the process exit
+// code. connect dials the daemon, which is the caller's business because only it
+// knows how this build talks to it.
+//
+// Everything it reports goes to stderr, which is what the parent captures where the
+// platform lets it. On success it says so on standard output, because macOS gives
+// the parent no exit status to read: see elevate.AppliedMarker.
+func RunPrivilegedSettings(args []string, connect func(addr string) (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error)) int {
+	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("netbird-ui --"+FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings, flag.ContinueOnError)
+	fs.Bool(FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings, false, "Apply the settings the daemon restricts to root/administrator and exit.")
+	daemonAddr := fs.String(FlagDaemonAddr, "", "Daemon gRPC address: unix:///path, npipe://name or tcp://host:port")
+	logLevel := fs.String(FlagLogLevel, "info", "Log level: trace|debug|info|warn|error.")
+	profile := fs.String(FlagProfile, "", "Profile to change.")
+	username := fs.String(FlagUser, "", "Owner of the profile.")
+
+	values := make([]fieldValue, len(guardedFields))
+	for i, field := range guardedFields {
+		fs.Var(&values[i], field.flag, field.usage)
+	}
+
+	if err := fs.Parse(args); err != nil {
+		return exitUsage
+	}
+
+	if err := util.InitLog(*logLevel, "console"); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "init log: %v\n", err)
+		return exitFailure
+	}
+
+	req, err := privilegedRequest(*profile, *username, values)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%v\n", err)
+		return exitUsage
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), oneShotTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := applyPrivilegedSettings(ctx, *daemonAddr, req, connect); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "apply settings: %v\n", err)
+		return exitFailure
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stdout, elevate.AppliedMarker)
+	return exitOK
+}
+
+// privilegedRequest builds the request from the flags that were given, and refuses
+// one that asks for nothing.
+func privilegedRequest(profile, username string, values []fieldValue) (*proto.SetConfigRequest, error) {
+	req := &proto.SetConfigRequest{ProfileName: profile, Username: username}
+
+	given := 0
+	for i, field := range guardedFields {
+		if !values[i].set {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := field.write(req, values[i].value); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("--%s: %w", field.flag, err)
+		}
+		given++
+	}
+	if given == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("no setting to apply")
+	}
+	return req, nil
+}
+
+func applyPrivilegedSettings(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	daemonAddr string,
+	req *proto.SetConfigRequest,
+	connect func(addr string) (proto.DaemonServiceClient, error),
+) error {
+	client, err := connect(daemonAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := client.SetConfig(ctx, req); err != nil {
+		// Unwrapped: the daemon's message is written for a person, and a refusal
+		// elevation cannot fix has to say so where the parent can read it off
+		// stderr.
+		return errors.New(gstatus.Convert(err).Message())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// interface guard: the one-shot's flags are flag.Value.
+var _ flag.Value = (*fieldValue)(nil)
diff --git a/client/ui/services/oneshot_test.go b/client/ui/services/oneshot_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8eb43066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/oneshot_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+func TestIsPrivilegedSettingsRun(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{name: "no arguments"},
+		{name: "double dash", args: []string{"--" + FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings}, want: true},
+		{name: "single dash", args: []string{"-" + FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings}, want: true},
+		{
+			name: "among other flags",
+			args: []string{"--daemon-addr", "unix:///tmp/x.sock", "--" + FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		// A marker, not a value: the caller never passes one, and reading a value
+		// would mean "--flag=false" started the one-shot too.
+		{name: "with a value", args: []string{"--" + FlagApplyPrivilegedSettings + "=true"}},
+		{name: "unrelated flags", args: []string{"--log-level", "debug"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, IsPrivilegedSettingsRun(tt.args), "args %v", tt.args)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// What SetGuardedSettings renders has to be what the one-shot reads back, for every
+// setting in the table. This is the property that keeps the two ends of an allowlist
+// from drifting, so it is checked field by field rather than by example.
+func TestGuardedFieldsRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	on, off := true, false
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		settings GuardedSettings
+		want     func(*testing.T, *proto.SetConfigRequest)
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "management url",
+			settings: GuardedSettings{ManagementURL: "https://mgmt.example.com:33073"},
+			want: func(t *testing.T, req *proto.SetConfigRequest) {
+				assert.Equal(t, "https://mgmt.example.com:33073", req.GetManagementUrl())
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "ssh server on",
+			settings: GuardedSettings{ServerSSHAllowed: &on},
+			want: func(t *testing.T, req *proto.SetConfigRequest) {
+				require.NotNil(t, req.ServerSSHAllowed)
+				assert.True(t, *req.ServerSSHAllowed)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "ssh root off",
+			settings: GuardedSettings{EnableSSHRoot: &off},
+			want: func(t *testing.T, req *proto.SetConfigRequest) {
+				require.NotNil(t, req.EnableSSHRoot, "an explicit false must survive, not read as absent")
+				assert.False(t, *req.EnableSSHRoot)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "ssh auth off",
+			settings: GuardedSettings{DisableSSHAuth: &on},
+			want: func(t *testing.T, req *proto.SetConfigRequest) {
+				require.NotNil(t, req.DisableSSHAuth)
+				assert.True(t, *req.DisableSSHAuth)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := parseRendered(t, tt.settings)
+			tt.want(t, req)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// A setting nobody asked about must not arrive at the daemon at all: sending its
+// zero value would change it.
+func TestGuardedFieldsCarryOnlyWhatWasAsked(t *testing.T) {
+	on := true
+	req := parseRendered(t, GuardedSettings{ProfileName: "work", EnableSSHRoot: &on})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "work", req.GetProfileName(), "profile")
+	require.NotNil(t, req.EnableSSHRoot)
+	assert.Nil(t, req.ServerSSHAllowed, "untouched setting")
+	assert.Nil(t, req.DisableSSHAuth, "untouched setting")
+	assert.Empty(t, req.GetManagementUrl(), "untouched setting")
+}
+
+func TestPrivilegedRequestRejectsAnEmptyChange(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := privilegedRequest("default", "vma", make([]fieldValue, len(guardedFields)))
+	require.Error(t, err, "nothing to apply is not a request worth sending as root")
+}
+
+// A value the table cannot parse is refused rather than guessed at.
+func TestPrivilegedRequestRejectsAnUnparseableValue(t *testing.T) {
+	values := make([]fieldValue, len(guardedFields))
+	for i, field := range guardedFields {
+		if field.flag != FlagEnableSSHRoot {
+			continue
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, values[i].Set("perhaps"))
+	}
+
+	_, err := privilegedRequest("default", "vma", values)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), FlagEnableSSHRoot, "which flag was wrong")
+}
+
+// parseRendered puts the settings through both ends: rendered as the arguments the
+// elevated process is given, then parsed by a flag set registered from the same
+// table, which is what the one-shot itself parses them with. Anything hand-rolled
+// here would pin down a parser nothing uses.
+func parseRendered(t *testing.T, p GuardedSettings) *proto.SetConfigRequest {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	rendered := guardedSettings(p)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, rendered, "nothing rendered for %+v", p)
+
+	args := make([]string, 0, len(rendered))
+	for _, setting := range rendered {
+		args = append(args, setting.arg)
+	}
+
+	fs := flag.NewFlagSet(t.Name(), flag.ContinueOnError)
+	values := make([]fieldValue, len(guardedFields))
+	for i, field := range guardedFields {
+		fs.Var(&values[i], field.flag, field.usage)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, fs.Parse(args), "the one-shot's own flag set must accept %v", args)
+
+	req, err := privilegedRequest(p.ProfileName, p.Username, values)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return req
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/preferences.go b/client/ui/services/preferences.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77faa4ef6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/preferences.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/i18n"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/preferences"
+)
+
+// Preferences is the Wails-bound facade over preferences.Store; the context.Context-first
+// signatures are what the binding generator requires.
+type Preferences struct {
+	store *preferences.Store
+}
+
+func NewPreferences(store *preferences.Store) *Preferences {
+	return &Preferences{store: store}
+}
+
+func (s *Preferences) Get(_ context.Context) (preferences.UIPreferences, error) {
+	return s.store.Get(), nil
+}
+
+func (s *Preferences) SetLanguage(_ context.Context, lang i18n.LanguageCode) error {
+	return s.store.SetLanguage(lang)
+}
+
+func (s *Preferences) SetViewMode(_ context.Context, mode preferences.ViewMode) error {
+	return s.store.SetViewMode(mode)
+}
+
+func (s *Preferences) SetOnboardingCompleted(_ context.Context, done bool) error {
+	return s.store.SetOnboardingCompleted(done)
+}
+
+func (s *Preferences) SetKeepConnectedOnQuit(_ context.Context, keep bool) error {
+	return s.store.SetKeepConnectedOnQuit(keep)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/profile.go b/client/ui/services/profile.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e76ab3db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/profile.go
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os/user"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+type Profile struct {
+	// ID is the daemon-generated on-disk identity of the profile. Display
+	// names can collide and be renamed, so the ID is the stable handle the
+	// daemon resolves switch/remove/logout requests against.
+	ID       string `json:"id"`
+	Name     string `json:"name"`
+	IsActive bool   `json:"isActive"`
+	// Email is read from the user-owned per-profile state file (CLI writes it
+	// after SSO login), not via ListProfiles: the daemon runs as root and can't
+	// reach it, while the UI runs as the logged-in user.
+	Email string `json:"email"`
+}
+
+type ProfileRef struct {
+	ProfileName string `json:"profileName"`
+	Username    string `json:"username"`
+}
+
+type ActiveProfile struct {
+	// ID is the active profile's stable on-disk identity. Use it (not the
+	// display name) as the handle for daemon requests and active-profile
+	// comparisons, since names can collide.
+	ID          string `json:"id"`
+	ProfileName string `json:"profileName"`
+	Username    string `json:"username"`
+}
+
+// RenameProfileParams selects a profile by handle and carries its new display
+// name.
+type RenameProfileParams struct {
+	// Handle selects the profile to rename: an exact ID, a unique ID prefix,
+	// or a unique display name. The daemon resolves it server-side.
+	Handle string `json:"handle"`
+	// NewName is the new free-form display name. The daemon sanitizes it
+	// (strips control characters, trims, caps length) but keeps spaces, emoji,
+	// punctuation, and non-ASCII letters.
+	NewName string `json:"newName"`
+
+	Username string `json:"username"`
+}
+
+type Profiles struct {
+	conn DaemonConn
+}
+
+func NewProfiles(conn DaemonConn) *Profiles {
+	return &Profiles{conn: conn}
+}
+
+// Username returns the OS username the daemon expects for profile lookups.
+func (s *Profiles) Username() (string, error) {
+	u, err := user.Current()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return u.Username, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Profiles) List(ctx context.Context, username string) ([]Profile, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.ListProfiles(ctx, &proto.ListProfilesRequest{Username: username})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	pm := profilemanager.NewProfileManager()
+	out := make([]Profile, 0, len(resp.GetProfiles()))
+	for _, p := range resp.GetProfiles() {
+		prof := Profile{ID: p.GetId(), Name: p.GetName(), IsActive: p.GetIsActive()}
+		if state, err := pm.GetProfileState(profilemanager.ID(p.GetId())); err == nil {
+			prof.Email = state.Email
+		}
+		out = append(out, prof)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Profiles) GetActive(ctx context.Context) (ActiveProfile, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ActiveProfile{}, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.GetActiveProfile(ctx, &proto.GetActiveProfileRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return ActiveProfile{}, err
+	}
+	return ActiveProfile{
+		ID:          resp.GetId(),
+		ProfileName: resp.GetProfileName(),
+		Username:    resp.GetUsername(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Switch sends a profile switch to the daemon and returns the resolved
+// on-disk ID of the now-active profile. ProfileName is treated as a handle
+// (exact ID, unique ID prefix, or unique display name); the daemon resolves
+// it server-side and echoes back the canonical ID.
+func (s *Profiles) Switch(ctx context.Context, p ProfileRef) (string, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	req := &proto.SwitchProfileRequest{}
+	if p.ProfileName != "" {
+		req.ProfileName = ptrStr(p.ProfileName)
+	}
+	if p.Username != "" {
+		req.Username = ptrStr(p.Username)
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.SwitchProfile(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return resp.GetId(), nil
+}
+
+// Add creates a profile with the given display name and returns its
+// daemon-generated on-disk ID, so callers can address the new profile by ID
+// (e.g. to write config or switch to it) without re-resolving the name.
+func (s *Profiles) Add(ctx context.Context, p ProfileRef) (string, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.AddProfile(ctx, &proto.AddProfileRequest{
+		ProfileName: p.ProfileName,
+		Username:    p.Username,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return resp.GetId(), nil
+}
+
+func (s *Profiles) Remove(ctx context.Context, p ProfileRef) error {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.RemoveProfile(ctx, &proto.RemoveProfileRequest{
+		ProfileName: p.ProfileName,
+		Username:    p.Username,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// The daemon deletes what it owns but runs as root, so it leaves the
+	// user-owned state file holding the account email behind. Logout keeps the
+	// email on purpose so later logins can pass it as the login_hint; profile
+	// removal is what deletes it. Legacy profiles are keyed by name rather than by a
+	// generated ID, so a recreated profile of the same name would inherit the
+	// deleted one's email and offer it as the login_hint.
+	//
+	// Keyed on the ID the daemon resolved, not on the request handle: that may
+	// have been a display name or an ID prefix, which would name a different
+	// file (or none).
+	if id := resp.GetId(); id != "" {
+		if err := profilemanager.NewProfileManager().RemoveProfileState(id); err != nil {
+			// Non-fatal: the profile itself is gone.
+			log.Warnf("failed to remove profile state for %s: %v", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Rename changes a profile's display name. The on-disk ID is unaffected, so
+// the active profile and any ID-based references stay valid (the default
+// profile can be renamed too — only its display name changes). Returns the
+// profile's previous display name as confirmation.
+func (s *Profiles) Rename(ctx context.Context, p RenameProfileParams) (string, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.RenameProfile(ctx, &proto.RenameProfileRequest{
+		Username:       p.Username,
+		Handle:         p.Handle,
+		NewProfileName: p.NewName,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return resp.GetOldProfileName(), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/profileswitcher.go b/client/ui/services/profileswitcher.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..727b2473f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/profileswitcher.go
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+)
+
+// ProfileSwitcher holds the switch policy shared by the tray and React
+// frontend so both flip profiles identically. SwitchActive (plain selection:
+// header dropdown, tray submenu) always connects after the switch;
+// SwitchActiveNoConnect (manage-profiles screen) never does, so the user can
+// still adjust the management URL before connecting. prevStatus from
+// DaemonFeed.Get at entry only decides the teardown:
+//
+//	Connected/Connecting/NeedsLogin/LoginFailed/SessionExpired → Down first.
+//	Idle → no Down.
+type ProfileSwitcher struct {
+	profiles   *Profiles
+	connection *Connection
+	feed       *DaemonFeed
+}
+
+func NewProfileSwitcher(profiles *Profiles, connection *Connection, feed *DaemonFeed) *ProfileSwitcher {
+	return &ProfileSwitcher{profiles: profiles, connection: connection, feed: feed}
+}
+
+// SwitchActive switches to the named profile and always connects afterwards.
+func (s *ProfileSwitcher) SwitchActive(ctx context.Context, p ProfileRef) error {
+	return s.switchActive(ctx, p, true)
+}
+
+// SwitchActiveNoConnect switches to the named profile without connecting,
+// tearing down any existing connection first.
+func (s *ProfileSwitcher) SwitchActiveNoConnect(ctx context.Context, p ProfileRef) error {
+	return s.switchActive(ctx, p, false)
+}
+
+func (s *ProfileSwitcher) switchActive(ctx context.Context, p ProfileRef, connect bool) error {
+	prevStatus := ""
+	if s.feed != nil {
+		if st, err := s.feed.Get(ctx); err == nil {
+			prevStatus = st.Status
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("profileswitcher: get status: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	needsDown := strings.EqualFold(prevStatus, StatusConnected) ||
+		strings.EqualFold(prevStatus, StatusConnecting) ||
+		strings.EqualFold(prevStatus, StatusNeedsLogin) ||
+		strings.EqualFold(prevStatus, StatusLoginFailed) ||
+		strings.EqualFold(prevStatus, StatusSessionExpired)
+
+	log.Infof("profileswitcher: switch profile=%q prevStatus=%q connect=%v needsDown=%v",
+		p.ProfileName, prevStatus, connect, needsDown)
+
+	// Optimistic Connecting paint plus stale-push suppression during Down (see
+	// DaemonFeed suppression table); also arms the login-watch that pops
+	// browser-login when the new profile turns out to need SSO.
+	if connect && s.feed != nil {
+		s.feed.BeginProfileSwitch()
+	}
+
+	resolvedID, err := s.profiles.Switch(ctx, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("switch profile %q: %w", p.ProfileName, err)
+	}
+
+	// Mirror into the user-side ProfileManager state: the CLI's `netbird up`
+	// reads this file and sends the ID back in the Up RPC, so if it diverges
+	// the daemon reverts the UI switch on the next CLI `up`. Best-effort — the
+	// daemon is authoritative; a failure only leaves the CLI's view stale.
+	// Use the daemon-resolved ID rather than the handle we sent, since the
+	// on-disk state is keyed by ID, not display name.
+	if err := profilemanager.NewProfileManager().SwitchProfile(profilemanager.ID(resolvedID)); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("profileswitcher: mirror to user-side ProfileManager failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if needsDown {
+		if err := s.connection.Down(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("profileswitcher: Down: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if connect {
+		if err := s.connection.Up(ctx, UpParams(p)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("connect %q: %w", p.ProfileName, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The daemon emits no profile event, so fan out ourselves or the React
+	// ProfileContext stays on the old profile after a tray-initiated switch.
+	if s.feed != nil && s.feed.emitter != nil {
+		s.feed.emitter.Emit(EventProfileChanged, p)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/session.go b/client/ui/services/session.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..facb8e898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/authsession"
+)
+
+// Re-exports so generated bindings reference services.* without importing authsession.
+type (
+	ExtendStartParams = authsession.ExtendStartParams
+	ExtendStartResult = authsession.ExtendStartResult
+	ExtendWaitParams  = authsession.ExtendWaitParams
+	ExtendResult      = authsession.ExtendResult
+)
+
+// Session wraps authsession.Session, exposing only the subset the React frontend
+// calls; the tray uses authsession.Session directly, keeping the generated TS surface minimal.
+type Session struct {
+	inner      *authsession.Session
+	classifier errorClassifier
+}
+
+// NewSession wraps inner; the caller retains ownership and may use it directly.
+// translator or prefs may be nil, in which case errors fall back to the bare code key.
+func NewSession(inner *authsession.Session, translator ErrorTranslator, prefs LanguagePreference) *Session {
+	return &Session{inner: inner, classifier: errorClassifier{translator: translator, prefs: prefs}}
+}
+
+// RequestExtend starts the SSO session-extension flow; the result carries the verification URI to open.
+func (s *Session) RequestExtend(ctx context.Context, p ExtendStartParams) (ExtendStartResult, error) {
+	res, err := s.inner.RequestExtend(ctx, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ExtendStartResult{}, s.classifier.classify(err)
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
+
+// WaitExtend blocks until the RequestExtend flow completes; the deadline is nil when the peer is ineligible.
+func (s *Session) WaitExtend(ctx context.Context, p ExtendWaitParams) (ExtendResult, error) {
+	res, err := s.inner.WaitExtend(ctx, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ExtendResult{}, s.classifier.classify(err)
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/settings.go b/client/ui/services/settings.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c20184bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/settings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/daemonaddr"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/ipcauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/mdm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// MDMFields is the shared per-key MDM enforcement snapshot; see mdm.Fields.
+type MDMFields = mdm.Fields
+
+// Features is the shared feature-gate snapshot; see mdm.Features.
+type Features = mdm.Features
+
+// Restrictions is the shared UI enforcement snapshot; see mdm.Restrictions.
+type Restrictions = mdm.Restrictions
+
+// Privilege tells the frontend whether this process may perform the changes the
+// daemon restricts to root/administrator, whether it can ask the operating
+// system for the privileges instead, and the command for each so a control that
+// can do neither can still show the way.
+type Privilege struct {
+	Privileged bool `json:"privileged"`
+	// ActorKey identifies the principal the operation requires without wording it,
+	// so the frontend can name it in the user's language: see
+	// ipcauth.PrivilegedActorKey. The words are not sent, because English ones
+	// cannot be dropped into a translated sentence.
+	ActorKey string `json:"actorKey"`
+	// CanElevate reports whether a guarded control can offer to authorize the
+	// change through the platform's own prompt: see SetGuardedSettings.
+	CanElevate bool `json:"canElevate"`
+	// Commands equivalent to the settings the daemon guards, ready to copy.
+	AllowSSHServer string `json:"allowSshServer"`
+	EnableSSHRoot  string `json:"enableSshRoot"`
+	DisableSSHAuth string `json:"disableSshAuth"`
+}
+
+type ConfigParams struct {
+	ProfileName string `json:"profileName"`
+	Username    string `json:"username"`
+}
+
+type Config struct {
+	ManagementURL                 string `json:"managementUrl"`
+	AdminURL                      string `json:"adminUrl"`
+	ConfigFile                    string `json:"configFile"`
+	LogFile                       string `json:"logFile"`
+	PreSharedKeySet               bool   `json:"preSharedKeySet"`
+	InterfaceName                 string `json:"interfaceName"`
+	WireguardPort                 int64  `json:"wireguardPort"`
+	MTU                           int64  `json:"mtu"`
+	DisableAutoConnect            bool   `json:"disableAutoConnect"`
+	ServerSSHAllowed              bool   `json:"serverSshAllowed"`
+	RosenpassEnabled              bool   `json:"rosenpassEnabled"`
+	RosenpassPermissive           bool   `json:"rosenpassPermissive"`
+	DisableNotifications          bool   `json:"disableNotifications"`
+	BlockInbound                  bool   `json:"blockInbound"`
+	NetworkMonitor                bool   `json:"networkMonitor"`
+	DisableClientRoutes           bool   `json:"disableClientRoutes"`
+	DisableServerRoutes           bool   `json:"disableServerRoutes"`
+	DisableDNS                    bool   `json:"disableDns"`
+	DisableIPv6                   bool   `json:"disableIpv6"`
+	BlockLANAccess                bool   `json:"blockLanAccess"`
+	EnableSSHRoot                 bool   `json:"enableSshRoot"`
+	EnableSSHSFTP                 bool   `json:"enableSshSftp"`
+	EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding  bool   `json:"enableSshLocalPortForwarding"`
+	EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding bool   `json:"enableSshRemotePortForwarding"`
+	DisableSSHAuth                bool   `json:"disableSshAuth"`
+	SSHJWTCacheTTL                int32  `json:"sshJwtCacheTtl"`
+}
+
+// SetConfigParams is a partial update — only non-nil pointer fields are sent
+// to the daemon; nil fields are preserved.
+type SetConfigParams struct {
+	ProfileName                   string  `json:"profileName"`
+	Username                      string  `json:"username"`
+	ManagementURL                 string  `json:"managementUrl"`
+	AdminURL                      string  `json:"adminUrl"`
+	InterfaceName                 *string `json:"interfaceName,omitempty"`
+	WireguardPort                 *int64  `json:"wireguardPort,omitempty"`
+	MTU                           *int64  `json:"mtu,omitempty"`
+	PreSharedKey                  *string `json:"preSharedKey,omitempty"`
+	DisableAutoConnect            *bool   `json:"disableAutoConnect,omitempty"`
+	ServerSSHAllowed              *bool   `json:"serverSshAllowed,omitempty"`
+	RosenpassEnabled              *bool   `json:"rosenpassEnabled,omitempty"`
+	RosenpassPermissive           *bool   `json:"rosenpassPermissive,omitempty"`
+	DisableNotifications          *bool   `json:"disableNotifications,omitempty"`
+	BlockInbound                  *bool   `json:"blockInbound,omitempty"`
+	NetworkMonitor                *bool   `json:"networkMonitor,omitempty"`
+	DisableClientRoutes           *bool   `json:"disableClientRoutes,omitempty"`
+	DisableServerRoutes           *bool   `json:"disableServerRoutes,omitempty"`
+	DisableDNS                    *bool   `json:"disableDns,omitempty"`
+	DisableIPv6                   *bool   `json:"disableIpv6,omitempty"`
+	DisableFirewall               *bool   `json:"disableFirewall,omitempty"`
+	BlockLANAccess                *bool   `json:"blockLanAccess,omitempty"`
+	EnableSSHRoot                 *bool   `json:"enableSshRoot,omitempty"`
+	EnableSSHSFTP                 *bool   `json:"enableSshSftp,omitempty"`
+	EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding  *bool   `json:"enableSshLocalPortForwarding,omitempty"`
+	EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding *bool   `json:"enableSshRemotePortForwarding,omitempty"`
+	DisableSSHAuth                *bool   `json:"disableSshAuth,omitempty"`
+	SSHJWTCacheTTL                *int32  `json:"sshJwtCacheTtl,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type Settings struct {
+	conn       DaemonConn
+	classifier errorClassifier
+	// daemonAddr is where the daemon listens, used to tell whether it runs as
+	// this user and would therefore authorize us: see Privilege.
+	daemonAddr string
+	// elevator raises the platform's privilege prompt when a change needs more
+	// rights than this process has.
+	elevator elevator
+}
+
+func NewSettings(conn DaemonConn, translator ErrorTranslator, prefs LanguagePreference, daemonAddr string) *Settings {
+	return &Settings{
+		conn:       conn,
+		classifier: errorClassifier{translator: translator, prefs: prefs},
+		daemonAddr: daemonAddr,
+		elevator:   osElevator{},
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Settings) GetConfig(ctx context.Context, p ConfigParams) (Config, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Config{}, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.GetConfig(ctx, &proto.GetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName: p.ProfileName,
+		Username:    p.Username,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return Config{}, err
+	}
+	return Config{
+		ManagementURL:                 resp.GetManagementUrl(),
+		AdminURL:                      resp.GetAdminURL(),
+		ConfigFile:                    resp.GetConfigFile(),
+		LogFile:                       resp.GetLogFile(),
+		PreSharedKeySet:               resp.GetPreSharedKey() != "",
+		InterfaceName:                 resp.GetInterfaceName(),
+		WireguardPort:                 resp.GetWireguardPort(),
+		MTU:                           resp.GetMtu(),
+		DisableAutoConnect:            resp.GetDisableAutoConnect(),
+		ServerSSHAllowed:              resp.GetServerSSHAllowed(),
+		RosenpassEnabled:              resp.GetRosenpassEnabled(),
+		RosenpassPermissive:           resp.GetRosenpassPermissive(),
+		DisableNotifications:          resp.GetDisableNotifications(),
+		BlockInbound:                  resp.GetBlockInbound(),
+		NetworkMonitor:                resp.GetNetworkMonitor(),
+		DisableClientRoutes:           resp.GetDisableClientRoutes(),
+		DisableServerRoutes:           resp.GetDisableServerRoutes(),
+		DisableDNS:                    resp.GetDisableDns(),
+		DisableIPv6:                   resp.GetDisableIpv6(),
+		BlockLANAccess:                resp.GetBlockLanAccess(),
+		EnableSSHRoot:                 resp.GetEnableSSHRoot(),
+		EnableSSHSFTP:                 resp.GetEnableSSHSFTP(),
+		EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding:  resp.GetEnableSSHLocalPortForwarding(),
+		EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding: resp.GetEnableSSHRemotePortForwarding(),
+		DisableSSHAuth:                resp.GetDisableSSHAuth(),
+		SSHJWTCacheTTL:                resp.GetSshJWTCacheTTL(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Settings) SetConfig(ctx context.Context, p SetConfigParams) (SaveOutcome, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return SaveOutcome{}, err
+	}
+	req := &proto.SetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName:                   p.ProfileName,
+		Username:                      p.Username,
+		ManagementUrl:                 p.ManagementURL,
+		AdminURL:                      p.AdminURL,
+		InterfaceName:                 p.InterfaceName,
+		WireguardPort:                 p.WireguardPort,
+		Mtu:                           p.MTU,
+		OptionalPreSharedKey:          p.PreSharedKey,
+		DisableAutoConnect:            p.DisableAutoConnect,
+		ServerSSHAllowed:              p.ServerSSHAllowed,
+		RosenpassEnabled:              p.RosenpassEnabled,
+		RosenpassPermissive:           p.RosenpassPermissive,
+		DisableNotifications:          p.DisableNotifications,
+		BlockInbound:                  p.BlockInbound,
+		NetworkMonitor:                p.NetworkMonitor,
+		DisableClientRoutes:           p.DisableClientRoutes,
+		DisableServerRoutes:           p.DisableServerRoutes,
+		DisableDns:                    p.DisableDNS,
+		DisableIpv6:                   p.DisableIPv6,
+		DisableFirewall:               p.DisableFirewall,
+		BlockLanAccess:                p.BlockLANAccess,
+		EnableSSHRoot:                 p.EnableSSHRoot,
+		EnableSSHSFTP:                 p.EnableSSHSFTP,
+		EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding:  p.EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding,
+		EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding: p.EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding,
+		DisableSSHAuth:                p.DisableSSHAuth,
+		SshJWTCacheTTL:                p.SSHJWTCacheTTL,
+	}
+	if _, err := cli.SetConfig(ctx, req); err != nil {
+		if _, refused := privilegeErrorInfo(err); refused {
+			return s.setConfigElevated(ctx, p, req, err)
+		}
+		// Classified so the frontend gets the daemon's guidance instead of the
+		// gRPC envelope.
+		return SaveOutcome{}, s.classifier.classify(err)
+	}
+	return SaveOutcome{}, nil
+}
+
+// setConfigElevated answers a request the daemon refused for want of privileges by
+// asking the user to authorize it, and sending it again if they do. It is the same
+// offer the SSH settings make up front, for the changes a control cannot know are
+// guarded until it is told: repointing a profile at another management server is
+// only privileged while that host runs the SSH server.
+//
+// Two steps, because the elevated one-shot deliberately understands only the
+// settings the daemon guards: it applies those, and the original request then goes
+// through as this user, its privileged parts now asking for nothing that is not
+// already stored. Nothing was applied by the refused attempt — the daemon decides
+// before it writes — so there is no half-applied state to undo either way.
+func (s *Settings) setConfigElevated(ctx context.Context, p SetConfigParams, req *proto.SetConfigRequest, refusal error) (SaveOutcome, error) {
+	if !s.canElevate() {
+		return SaveOutcome{}, s.classifier.classify(refusal)
+	}
+
+	guarded, err := s.guardedChanges(ctx, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("cannot tell which guarded settings this request changes: %v", err)
+		return SaveOutcome{}, s.classifier.classify(refusal)
+	}
+	if len(guardedSettings(guarded)) == 0 {
+		// Refused over something no prompt can settle, such as a control channel
+		// that carries no caller identity. Report the daemon's own guidance.
+		return SaveOutcome{}, s.classifier.classify(refusal)
+	}
+
+	outcome, err := s.SetGuardedSettings(ctx, guarded)
+	if err != nil || outcome.Declined {
+		return outcome, err
+	}
+
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return SaveOutcome{}, err
+	}
+	if _, err := cli.SetConfig(ctx, req); err != nil {
+		return SaveOutcome{}, s.classifier.classify(err)
+	}
+	return SaveOutcome{}, nil
+}
+
+// guardedChanges is the guarded part of a request, reduced to what it actually
+// changes.
+//
+// A settings form submits every field it holds, so a request restates values the
+// daemon already has. Carrying those into the elevated run would spend one
+// authorization on more than the user asked for, and a value that has gone stale
+// since the form was loaded would spend it on something they never asked about.
+func (s *Settings) guardedChanges(ctx context.Context, p SetConfigParams) (GuardedSettings, error) {
+	stored, err := s.GetConfig(ctx, ConfigParams{ProfileName: p.ProfileName, Username: p.Username})
+	if err != nil {
+		return GuardedSettings{}, fmt.Errorf("read the stored config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	guarded := GuardedSettings{
+		ProfileName:      p.ProfileName,
+		Username:         p.Username,
+		ServerSSHAllowed: changedFlag(p.ServerSSHAllowed, stored.ServerSSHAllowed),
+		EnableSSHRoot:    changedFlag(p.EnableSSHRoot, stored.EnableSSHRoot),
+		DisableSSHAuth:   changedFlag(p.DisableSSHAuth, stored.DisableSSHAuth),
+	}
+	// An empty URL leaves the setting alone, which is the daemon's rule too.
+	if p.ManagementURL != "" && p.ManagementURL != stored.ManagementURL {
+		guarded.ManagementURL = p.ManagementURL
+	}
+	return guarded, nil
+}
+
+// Privilege reports whether this UI process could carry out the changes the
+// daemon restricts to root/administrator, whether it can instead ask the
+// operating system for the privileges when the user wants one of them, and the
+// command that performs the ones users hit in the SSH settings. It applies the
+// daemon's own rule to what it can see locally, so the frontend can decide up
+// front how to present those controls instead of letting a save fail. No daemon
+// round-trip, so it also works while the daemon is down.
+//
+// Being root or an elevated administrator is one way. The other is running as the
+// daemon's own user while the daemon is unprivileged, which the daemon accepts
+// because such a caller can already rewrite the config it reads; that is the
+// rootless-container and Windows netstack-mode case, and it is read from the
+// ownership of the socket or pipe the daemon created.
+func (s *Settings) Privilege() Privilege {
+	id, err := ipcauth.CurrentProcessIdentity()
+	if err != nil {
+		// Fail closed: report unprivileged, which only ever asks for more.
+		log.Warnf("cannot read this process's identity, treating it as unprivileged: %v", err)
+		return s.newPrivilege(false)
+	}
+	if id.IsPrivileged() {
+		return s.newPrivilege(true)
+	}
+	return s.newPrivilege(daemonaddr.DaemonRunsAsSelf(s.daemonAddr))
+}
+
+func (s *Settings) newPrivilege(privileged bool) Privilege {
+	return Privilege{
+		Privileged:     privileged,
+		ActorKey:       ipcauth.PrivilegedActorKey(),
+		CanElevate:     s.canElevate(),
+		AllowSSHServer: ipcauth.UpCommand("--allow-server-ssh"),
+		EnableSSHRoot:  ipcauth.UpCommand("--enable-ssh-root"),
+		DisableSSHAuth: ipcauth.UpCommand("--disable-ssh-auth"),
+	}
+}
+
+// canElevate reports whether offering the platform's elevation prompt would get
+// the user anywhere. It needs a mechanism to raise the prompt with and a control
+// channel that tells the daemon who is calling: on loopback TCP the daemon
+// refuses these changes to everybody, root included, so a prompt there would
+// only waste the user's password.
+func (s *Settings) canElevate() bool {
+	if !daemonaddr.CarriesIdentity(s.daemonAddr) {
+		log.Debugf("not offering elevation: the daemon address %s carries no caller identity", s.daemonAddr)
+		return false
+	}
+	return s.elevator.Available()
+}
+
+func (s *Settings) GetRestrictions(ctx context.Context) (Restrictions, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return Restrictions{}, err
+	}
+	active, err := cli.GetActiveProfile(ctx, &proto.GetActiveProfileRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return Restrictions{}, fmt.Errorf("get active profile: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfgResp, err := cli.GetConfig(ctx, &proto.GetConfigRequest{
+		ProfileName: active.GetId(),
+		Username:    active.GetUsername(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return Restrictions{}, err
+	}
+	featResp, err := cli.GetFeatures(ctx, &proto.GetFeaturesRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return Restrictions{}, err
+	}
+	r := Restrictions{
+		Features: Features{
+			DisableProfiles:       featResp.GetDisableProfiles(),
+			DisableNetworks:       featResp.GetDisableNetworks(),
+			DisableUpdateSettings: featResp.GetDisableUpdateSettings(),
+		},
+	}
+	applyMDMRestrictions(&r.MDM, cfgResp)
+	r.MDM.DisableAdvancedView = featResp.DisableAdvancedView
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+// changedFlag returns requested only when it differs from what is stored, so a
+// setting the request merely restates is left out of the elevated run.
+func changedFlag(requested *bool, stored bool) *bool {
+	if requested == nil || *requested == stored {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return requested
+}
+
+func applyMDMRestrictions(mdm *MDMFields, cfgResp *proto.GetConfigResponse) {
+	managed := cfgResp.GetMDMManagedFields()
+	if len(managed) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	set := make(map[string]struct{}, len(managed))
+	for _, k := range managed {
+		set[k] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	v := reflect.ValueOf(mdm).Elem()
+	t := v.Type()
+	for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
+		if v.Field(i).Kind() != reflect.Bool {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := set[t.Field(i).Tag.Get("json")]; ok {
+			v.Field(i).SetBool(true)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, ok := set["managementURL"]; ok {
+		mdm.ManagementURL = cfgResp.GetManagementUrl()
+	}
+	if _, ok := set["allowServerSSH"]; ok {
+		allowed := cfgResp.GetServerSSHAllowed()
+		mdm.AllowServerSSH = &allowed
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/shutdown.go b/client/ui/services/shutdown.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0da51940c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/shutdown.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package services
+
+import "sync/atomic"
+
+var (
+	sessionEnding atomic.Bool
+	quitting      atomic.Bool
+)
+
+func BeginSessionEnd() {
+	sessionEnding.Store(true)
+}
+
+func AbortSessionEnd() {
+	sessionEnding.Store(false)
+}
+
+func BeginShutdown() {
+	quitting.Store(true)
+}
+
+func ShuttingDown() bool {
+	return sessionEnding.Load() || quitting.Load()
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/uilog.go b/client/ui/services/uilog.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d794c137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/uilog.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// UILog forwards frontend console output into logrus, tagging the JS origin
+// as the "ui" field to stay distinct from logrus's Go-caller source.
+type UILog struct{}
+
+func NewUILog() *UILog { return &UILog{} }
+
+// Log maps an unrecognised level to info; empty source becomes "unknown".
+func (s *UILog) Log(_ context.Context, level, source, msg string) {
+	origin := "unknown"
+	if source != "" {
+		origin = source
+	}
+	entry := log.WithField("ui", origin)
+	switch level {
+	case "trace":
+		entry.Trace(msg)
+	case "debug":
+		entry.Debug(msg)
+	case "warn", "warning":
+		entry.Warn(msg)
+	case "error":
+		entry.Error(msg)
+	default:
+		entry.Info(msg)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/update.go b/client/ui/services/update.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b743b9858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/update.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/updater"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+)
+
+// UpdateResult mirrors TriggerUpdateResponse.
+type UpdateResult struct {
+	Success  bool   `json:"success"`
+	ErrorMsg string `json:"errorMsg"`
+}
+
+// Update is the Wails-bound facade over the daemon's update RPCs. The state
+// machine and push event live in client/ui/updater.
+type Update struct {
+	conn   DaemonConn
+	holder *updater.Holder
+}
+
+func NewUpdate(conn DaemonConn, holder *updater.Holder) *Update {
+	return &Update{conn: conn, holder: holder}
+}
+
+func (s *Update) GetState() updater.State {
+	return s.holder.Get()
+}
+
+// DownloadURL returns the platform-appropriate installer download link for
+// manual (non-enforced) updates.
+func (s *Update) DownloadURL() string {
+	return version.DownloadUrl()
+}
+
+// Quit exits the app. Scheduled off the calling goroutine so the JS caller's
+// response returns before the runtime tears down.
+func (s *Update) Quit() {
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		application.Get().Quit()
+	}()
+}
+
+func (s *Update) Trigger(ctx context.Context) (UpdateResult, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return UpdateResult{}, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.TriggerUpdate(ctx, &proto.TriggerUpdateRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return UpdateResult{}, err
+	}
+	return UpdateResult{
+		Success:  resp.GetSuccess(),
+		ErrorMsg: resp.GetErrorMsg(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Update) GetInstallerResult(ctx context.Context) (UpdateResult, error) {
+	cli, err := s.conn.Client()
+	if err != nil {
+		return UpdateResult{}, err
+	}
+	resp, err := cli.GetInstallerResult(ctx, &proto.InstallerResultRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return UpdateResult{}, err
+	}
+	return UpdateResult{
+		Success:  resp.GetSuccess(),
+		ErrorMsg: resp.GetErrorMsg(),
+	}, nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/version.go b/client/ui/services/version.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8caea9f72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/version.go
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+)
+
+// Version reports only the GUI's own version; the daemon version comes from
+// the status feed's DaemonVersion field.
+type Version struct{}
+
+func NewVersion() *Version {
+	return &Version{}
+}
+
+// GUI returns the UI binary's version, stamped via ldflags ("development" if un-stamped).
+func (v *Version) GUI(_ context.Context) string {
+	return version.NetbirdVersion()
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/services/windowmanager.go b/client/ui/services/windowmanager.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94dba6038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/windowmanager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,946 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package services
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/events"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/i18n"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/preferences"
+)
+
+// LanguageSubscriber delivers UI preference changes so window titles follow the language.
+type LanguageSubscriber interface {
+	Subscribe() (<-chan preferences.UIPreferences, func())
+}
+
+// EventTriggerLogin asks the frontend's startLogin() to begin an SSO flow.
+const EventTriggerLogin = "trigger-login"
+
+// EventBrowserLoginCancel signals the user dismissed the BrowserLogin popup.
+const EventBrowserLoginCancel = "browser-login:cancel"
+
+// EventSettingsOpen tells the mounted settings window which tab to show.
+const EventSettingsOpen = "netbird:settings:open"
+
+const EventWindowPainted = "netbird:window-painted"
+
+const paintedFallback = 2 * time.Second
+
+const headlessTeardownDelay = 2 * time.Second
+
+var WindowBackgroundColour = application.NewRGB(24, 26, 29) // bg-nb-gray-950
+
+// WindowHeight is shared by the main and Settings windows.
+const WindowHeight = 660
+
+// Wails reads CustomTheme colours as 0x00BBGGRR (RGB byte order reversed).
+var microsoftWindowsTheme = &application.WindowTheme{
+	BorderColour:    u32ptr(0x00211E1C),
+	TitleBarColour:  u32ptr(0x00211E1C),
+	TitleTextColour: u32ptr(0x00E9E7E4),
+}
+
+// MicrosoftWindowsAppearanceOptions is the shared Windows chrome (Mica + dark + custom title bar).
+func MicrosoftWindowsAppearanceOptions() application.WindowsWindow {
+	return application.WindowsWindow{
+		BackdropType: application.Mica,
+		Theme:        application.Dark,
+		CustomTheme: application.ThemeSettings{
+			DarkModeActive:    microsoftWindowsTheme,
+			DarkModeInactive:  microsoftWindowsTheme,
+			LightModeActive:   microsoftWindowsTheme,
+			LightModeInactive: microsoftWindowsTheme,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// AppleMacOSAppearanceOptions is the shared macOS chrome; FullScreenNone keeps the fixed-size layout.
+func AppleMacOSAppearanceOptions() application.MacWindow {
+	return application.MacWindow{
+		InvisibleTitleBarHeight: 38,
+		Backdrop:                application.MacBackdropNormal,
+		TitleBar:                application.MacTitleBarHiddenInset,
+		CollectionBehavior:      application.MacWindowCollectionBehaviorFullScreenNone,
+	}
+}
+
+// LinuxAppearanceOptions is the shared Linux chrome; opaque so fake-translucency compositors paint it.
+func LinuxAppearanceOptions(icon []byte) application.LinuxWindow {
+	return application.LinuxWindow{
+		Icon:                icon,
+		WindowIsTranslucent: false,
+	}
+}
+
+// DialogWindowOptions is the baseline for every auxiliary dialog window; callers override per-dialog.
+func DialogWindowOptions(name, title, url string, linuxIcon []byte) application.WebviewWindowOptions {
+	return application.WebviewWindowOptions{
+		Name:                name,
+		Title:               title,
+		Width:               360,
+		Height:              320,
+		DisableResize:       true,
+		AlwaysOnTop:         true,
+		Hidden:              true,
+		MinimiseButtonState: application.ButtonHidden,
+		MaximiseButtonState: application.ButtonHidden,
+		CloseButtonState:    application.ButtonEnabled,
+		BackgroundColour:    WindowBackgroundColour,
+		URL:                 url,
+		Mac:                 AppleMacOSAppearanceOptions(),
+		Windows:             MicrosoftWindowsAppearanceOptions(),
+		Linux:               LinuxAppearanceOptions(linuxIcon),
+	}
+}
+
+type WindowManager struct {
+	app               *application.App
+	mainWindow        *application.WebviewWindow
+	translator        ErrorTranslator
+	prefs             LanguagePreference
+	linuxIcon         []byte
+	settings          *application.WebviewWindow
+	browserLogin      *application.WebviewWindow
+	sessionExpiration *application.WebviewWindow
+	installProgress   *application.WebviewWindow
+	welcome           *application.WebviewWindow
+	errorDialog       *application.WebviewWindow
+	// hiddenForLogin holds windows hidden while the BrowserLogin popup is open, restored on close.
+	hiddenForLogin []application.Window
+	mu             sync.Mutex
+	createMu       sync.Mutex
+	newMain        func(startURL string) *application.WebviewWindow
+	ready          map[uint]bool
+	showPending    map[uint]bool
+	pendingTab     map[uint]string
+	pendingEmits   map[uint][]string
+	fallbackTimers map[uint]*time.Timer
+	headlessMain   bool
+	headlessTimer  *time.Timer
+	// recenterOnShow is set only on the minimal-WM/XEmbed path, where the WM neither centers nor
+	// restores position; nil on full desktops so re-centering can't fight a user-moved window.
+	recenterOnShow func() bool
+}
+
+func NewWindowManager(app *application.App, mainWindow *application.WebviewWindow, translator ErrorTranslator, prefs LanguagePreference, linuxIcon []byte) *WindowManager {
+	s := &WindowManager{
+		app:            app,
+		mainWindow:     mainWindow,
+		translator:     translator,
+		prefs:          prefs,
+		linuxIcon:      linuxIcon,
+		ready:          map[uint]bool{},
+		showPending:    map[uint]bool{},
+		pendingTab:     map[uint]string{},
+		pendingEmits:   map[uint][]string{},
+		fallbackTimers: map[uint]*time.Timer{},
+	}
+	s.watchPainted()
+	s.watchTriggerLogin()
+	// Re-title live windows on language flip. Wired internally so the binding generator
+	// doesn't try to expose the interface param.
+	if sub, ok := prefs.(LanguageSubscriber); ok && sub != nil {
+		ch, _ := sub.Subscribe()
+		go func() {
+			var last i18n.LanguageCode
+			for p := range ch {
+				if p.Language == "" || p.Language == last {
+					continue
+				}
+				last = p.Language
+				s.retitleAll()
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) newSettingsWindow() *application.WebviewWindow {
+	w := s.app.Window.NewWithOptions(application.WebviewWindowOptions{
+		Name:                "settings",
+		Title:               s.title("window.title.settings"),
+		Width:               900,
+		Height:              WindowHeight,
+		Hidden:              true,
+		DisableResize:       true,
+		MinimiseButtonState: application.ButtonHidden,
+		MaximiseButtonState: application.ButtonHidden,
+		CloseButtonState:    application.ButtonEnabled,
+		BackgroundColour:    WindowBackgroundColour,
+		URL:                 "/#/settings",
+		Mac:                 AppleMacOSAppearanceOptions(),
+		Windows:             MicrosoftWindowsAppearanceOptions(),
+		Linux:               LinuxAppearanceOptions(s.linuxIcon),
+	})
+	w.RegisterHook(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(_ *application.WindowEvent) {
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		s.settings = nil
+		s.forgetWindowLocked(w)
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+	})
+	return w
+}
+
+// OpenSettings shows the settings window on tab (empty → General), switching tab via
+// EventSettingsOpen rather than SetURL (which would remount the provider tree).
+func (s *WindowManager) OpenSettings(tab string) {
+	target := tab
+	if target == "" {
+		target = "general"
+	}
+
+	w, _ := s.ensureWindow(&s.settings, s.newSettingsWindow)
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	ready := s.ready[w.ID()]
+	if !ready {
+		s.pendingTab[w.ID()] = target
+	}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if ready {
+		s.app.Event.Emit(EventSettingsOpen, target)
+	}
+	s.showWhenReady(w)
+}
+
+// OpenBrowserLogin shows the SSO popup, creating it on first use.
+func (s *WindowManager) OpenBrowserLogin(uri string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.browserLogin == nil {
+		startURL := "/#/dialog/browser-login"
+		if uri != "" {
+			startURL = "/#/dialog/browser-login?uri=" + url.QueryEscape(uri)
+		}
+		s.hideOtherWindowsLocked("browser-login")
+		opts := DialogWindowOptions("browser-login", s.title("window.title.signIn"), startURL, s.linuxIcon)
+		// Not always-on-top: it would obscure the browser tab the user logs in through.
+		opts.AlwaysOnTop = false
+		opts.InitialPosition = application.WindowCentered
+		// Open on the active (where users cursor is) display, like the session-expiration dialog.
+		opts.Screen = s.getScreenBasedOnCursorPosition()
+		s.browserLogin = s.app.Window.NewWithOptions(opts)
+		bl := s.browserLogin
+		bl.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(_ *application.WindowEvent) {
+			s.mu.Lock()
+			// Only a live user red-X still has this registered; programmatic closers
+			// nil s.browserLogin first and clean up themselves. Guarding here stops a
+			// stale close event from wiping a replacement popup's state.
+			userClosed := s.browserLogin == bl
+			if userClosed {
+				s.browserLogin = nil
+				s.restoreHiddenWindowsLocked()
+			}
+			s.mu.Unlock()
+			if userClosed {
+				s.app.Event.Emit(EventBrowserLoginCancel)
+			}
+		})
+		s.centerOnCursorScreen(s.browserLogin)
+		return
+	}
+	if uri != "" {
+		s.browserLogin.SetURL("/#/dialog/browser-login?uri=" + url.QueryEscape(uri))
+	}
+	s.centerOnCursorScreen(s.browserLogin)
+	s.browserLogin.Show()
+	s.browserLogin.Focus()
+}
+
+// BrowserLoginWindow returns the live SSO popup, or nil. While non-nil it is the
+// app's focal window: tray "Open" and dock activation hand off to it, not the main window.
+func (s *WindowManager) BrowserLoginWindow() *application.WebviewWindow {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.browserLogin
+}
+
+// InstallProgressWindow returns the live install-progress window, or nil. Same focal-window
+// contract as BrowserLoginWindow; install supersedes everything, so check this first.
+func (s *WindowManager) InstallProgressWindow() *application.WebviewWindow {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.installProgress
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) CloseBrowserLogin() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	w := s.browserLogin
+	s.browserLogin = nil
+	// The WindowClosing hook no-ops on a programmatic close, so restore here —
+	// but only if a popup was actually open. The frontend calls this even when no
+	// popup was ever shown (e.g. resetDialog() after an early RequestExtend failure,
+	// or connection.ts's catch path), and hiddenForLogin is shared with
+	// OpenInstallProgress, so an unconditional restore could re-show windows a
+	// still-running install-progress is hiding.
+	if w != nil {
+		s.restoreHiddenWindowsLocked()
+	}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if w != nil {
+		w.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// OpenSessionExpiration shows the countdown warning on the cursor's display; seconds seeds
+// the countdown and deadlineUnixMilli (0 when unknown) is the absolute deadline the dialog
+// compares renewal snapshots against. Singleton, destroyed on close.
+func (s *WindowManager) OpenSessionExpiration(seconds int, deadlineUnixMilli int64) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	startURL := "/#/dialog/session-expiration?seconds=" + strconv.Itoa(seconds)
+	if deadlineUnixMilli > 0 {
+		startURL += "&deadline=" + strconv.FormatInt(deadlineUnixMilli, 10)
+	}
+	if s.sessionExpiration == nil {
+		opts := DialogWindowOptions("session-expiration", s.title("window.title.sessionExpiration"), startURL, s.linuxIcon)
+		opts.Screen = s.getScreenBasedOnCursorPosition()
+		opts.InitialPosition = application.WindowCentered
+		s.sessionExpiration = s.app.Window.NewWithOptions(opts)
+		s.sessionExpiration.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(_ *application.WindowEvent) {
+			s.mu.Lock()
+			s.sessionExpiration = nil
+			s.mu.Unlock()
+		})
+		s.centerOnCursorScreen(s.sessionExpiration)
+		return
+	}
+	s.sessionExpiration.SetURL(startURL)
+	s.centerOnCursorScreen(s.sessionExpiration)
+	s.sessionExpiration.Show()
+	s.sessionExpiration.Focus()
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) CloseSessionExpiration() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	w := s.sessionExpiration
+	s.sessionExpiration = nil
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if w != nil {
+		w.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// CloseRenewFlow tears down the SSO session-renewal UI in a single call: it
+// closes the browser-login popup and the session-expiration window together.
+func (s *WindowManager) CloseRenewFlow() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	bl := s.browserLogin
+	se := s.sessionExpiration
+	s.browserLogin = nil
+	s.sessionExpiration = nil
+	if se != nil {
+		kept := s.hiddenForLogin[:0]
+		for _, w := range s.hiddenForLogin {
+			if w != se {
+				kept = append(kept, w)
+			}
+		}
+		s.hiddenForLogin = kept
+	}
+	s.restoreHiddenWindowsLocked()
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Close after unlock so the re-entrant handlers can take s.mu.
+	if bl != nil {
+		bl.Close()
+	}
+	if se != nil {
+		se.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// OpenInstallProgress shows the install-progress window and hides the rest for the duration
+// (restored on close). It owns its own result polling since the daemon restarts mid-install.
+func (s *WindowManager) OpenInstallProgress(version string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	startURL := "/#/dialog/install-progress"
+	if version != "" {
+		startURL = "/#/dialog/install-progress?version=" + url.QueryEscape(version)
+	}
+	if s.installProgress == nil {
+		s.hideOtherWindowsLocked("install-progress")
+		s.installProgress = s.app.Window.NewWithOptions(
+			DialogWindowOptions("install-progress", s.title("window.title.updating"), startURL, s.linuxIcon),
+		)
+		s.installProgress.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(_ *application.WindowEvent) {
+			s.mu.Lock()
+			s.installProgress = nil
+			s.restoreHiddenWindowsLocked()
+			s.mu.Unlock()
+		})
+		s.centerWhenReady(s.installProgress)
+		return
+	}
+	s.installProgress.SetURL(startURL)
+	s.installProgress.Show()
+	s.installProgress.Focus()
+	s.centerWhenReady(s.installProgress)
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) CloseInstallProgress() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	w := s.installProgress
+	s.installProgress = nil
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if w != nil {
+		w.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// OpenWelcome shows the first-launch onboarding window. Singleton, destroyed on close.
+func (s *WindowManager) OpenWelcome() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.welcome == nil {
+		opts := DialogWindowOptions("welcome", s.title("window.title.welcome"), "/#/dialog/welcome", s.linuxIcon)
+		opts.Width = 420
+		opts.InitialPosition = application.WindowCentered
+		s.welcome = s.app.Window.NewWithOptions(opts)
+		w := s.welcome
+		w.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(_ *application.WindowEvent) {
+			s.mu.Lock()
+			s.welcome = nil
+			s.mu.Unlock()
+		})
+		s.centerWhenReady(s.welcome)
+		return
+	}
+	s.welcome.Show()
+	s.welcome.Focus()
+	s.centerWhenReady(s.welcome)
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) CloseWelcome() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	w := s.welcome
+	s.welcome = nil
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if w != nil {
+		w.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// OpenError shows the custom error dialog; title/message/command are pre-localised
+// and ride in the start URL. command is optional and, when set, is offered for
+// copying so the user can run the operation the daemon refused. A second error
+// replaces the open one via SetURL. Singleton, destroyed on close.
+func (s *WindowManager) OpenError(title, message, command string) {
+	if ShuttingDown() {
+		return
+	}
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	startURL := errorDialogURL(title, message, command)
+	if s.errorDialog == nil {
+		s.errorDialog = s.app.Window.NewWithOptions(
+			DialogWindowOptions("error", s.title("window.title.error"), startURL, s.linuxIcon),
+		)
+		s.errorDialog.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(_ *application.WindowEvent) {
+			s.mu.Lock()
+			s.errorDialog = nil
+			s.mu.Unlock()
+		})
+		s.centerWhenReady(s.errorDialog)
+		return
+	}
+	s.errorDialog.SetURL(startURL)
+	s.errorDialog.Show()
+	s.errorDialog.Focus()
+	s.centerWhenReady(s.errorDialog)
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) CloseError() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	w := s.errorDialog
+	s.errorDialog = nil
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if w != nil {
+		w.Close()
+	}
+}
+
+// OpenMain brings the main window forward; the welcome handoff uses it instead of the tray.
+func (s *WindowManager) OpenMain() {
+	s.ShowMain()
+}
+
+// ShowMain brings the main window forward (re-centering on minimal WMs). The single entry
+// point every surface (tray, SIGUSR1, welcome) should use so centering applies uniformly.
+func (s *WindowManager) ShowMain() {
+	s.showWhenReady(s.MainWindow())
+}
+
+// ShowMainAndEmit brings the main window forward and emits event once its frontend is ready.
+func (s *WindowManager) ShowMainAndEmit(event string) {
+	w := s.MainWindow()
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	id := w.ID()
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	ready := s.ready[id]
+	if !ready {
+		s.pendingEmits[id] = append(s.pendingEmits[id], event)
+	}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	s.showWhenReady(w)
+	if ready {
+		s.app.Event.Emit(event)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) MainWindow() *application.WebviewWindow {
+	w, _ := s.ensureMain("/")
+	return w
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) ensureMain(startURL string) (*application.WebviewWindow, bool) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	factory := s.newMain
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if factory == nil {
+		return s.ensureWindow(&s.mainWindow, nil)
+	}
+	return s.ensureWindow(&s.mainWindow, func() *application.WebviewWindow {
+		return factory(startURL)
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) ensureWindow(slot **application.WebviewWindow, factory func() *application.WebviewWindow) (*application.WebviewWindow, bool) {
+	s.createMu.Lock()
+	defer s.createMu.Unlock()
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	w := *slot
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if w != nil || factory == nil {
+		return w, false
+	}
+
+	w = factory()
+	s.armReady(w)
+
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	*slot = w
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	return w, true
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) armReady(w *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	w.RegisterHook(events.Common.WindowRuntimeReady, func(_ *application.WindowEvent) {
+		timer := time.AfterFunc(paintedFallback, func() {
+			log.Warnf("window %q never reported a first render, showing it anyway", w.Name())
+			s.markReady(w)
+		})
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		s.fallbackTimers[w.ID()] = timer
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) watchPainted() {
+	s.app.Event.On(EventWindowPainted, func(e *application.CustomEvent) {
+		if w := s.windowByName(e.Sender); w != nil {
+			s.markReady(w)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) watchTriggerLogin() {
+	s.app.Event.On(EventTriggerLogin, func(_ *application.CustomEvent) {
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		if s.headlessTimer != nil {
+			s.headlessTimer.Stop()
+			s.headlessTimer = nil
+		}
+		w := s.mainWindow
+		ready := w != nil && s.ready[w.ID()]
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+		if ready {
+			return
+		}
+
+		w, created := s.ensureMain("/")
+		if w == nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		s.mu.Lock()
+		if created {
+			s.headlessMain = true
+		}
+		pending := !s.ready[w.ID()]
+		if pending {
+			s.pendingEmits[w.ID()] = append(s.pendingEmits[w.ID()], EventTriggerLogin)
+		}
+		s.mu.Unlock()
+
+		if !pending {
+			s.app.Event.Emit(EventTriggerLogin)
+		}
+	})
+
+	s.app.Event.On(EventBrowserLoginCancel, func(_ *application.CustomEvent) {
+		s.scheduleHeadlessTeardown()
+	})
+
+	s.app.Event.On(EventStatusSnapshot, func(e *application.CustomEvent) {
+		st, ok := e.Data.(Status)
+		if !ok {
+			return
+		}
+		switch st.Status {
+		case StatusConnected, StatusLoginFailed, StatusDaemonUnavailable:
+			s.scheduleHeadlessTeardown()
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) scheduleHeadlessTeardown() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if !s.headlessMain || s.mainWindow == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if s.headlessTimer != nil {
+		s.headlessTimer.Stop()
+	}
+	s.headlessTimer = time.AfterFunc(headlessTeardownDelay, s.closeHeadlessMain)
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) closeHeadlessMain() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	w := s.mainWindow
+	headless := s.headlessMain
+	s.headlessTimer = nil
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	if !headless || w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	w.Close()
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) forgetWindowLocked(w *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	id := w.ID()
+	if timer := s.fallbackTimers[id]; timer != nil {
+		timer.Stop()
+	}
+	delete(s.fallbackTimers, id)
+	delete(s.ready, id)
+	delete(s.showPending, id)
+	delete(s.pendingTab, id)
+	delete(s.pendingEmits, id)
+
+	kept := s.hiddenForLogin[:0]
+	for _, hidden := range s.hiddenForLogin {
+		if hidden != application.Window(w) {
+			kept = append(kept, hidden)
+		}
+	}
+	s.hiddenForLogin = kept
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) windowByName(name string) *application.WebviewWindow {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	switch name {
+	case "main":
+		return s.mainWindow
+	case "settings":
+		return s.settings
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) markReady(w *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	id := w.ID()
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	already := s.ready[id]
+	s.ready[id] = true
+	wanted := s.showPending[id]
+	tab, hasTab := s.pendingTab[id]
+	emits := s.pendingEmits[id]
+	if timer := s.fallbackTimers[id]; timer != nil {
+		timer.Stop()
+		delete(s.fallbackTimers, id)
+	}
+	delete(s.showPending, id)
+	delete(s.pendingTab, id)
+	delete(s.pendingEmits, id)
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if already {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if hasTab {
+		s.app.Event.Emit(EventSettingsOpen, tab)
+	}
+
+	if wanted {
+		s.showNow(w)
+	}
+
+	for _, event := range emits {
+		s.app.Event.Emit(event)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) showWhenReady(w *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	id := w.ID()
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	ready := s.ready[id]
+	if !ready {
+		s.showPending[id] = true
+	}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if ready {
+		s.showNow(w)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) showNow(w *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	if w == s.mainWindow {
+		s.headlessMain = false
+		if s.headlessTimer != nil {
+			s.headlessTimer.Stop()
+			s.headlessTimer = nil
+		}
+	}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	w.Show()
+	w.Focus()
+	s.centerWhenReady(w)
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) ShowMainAt(url string) {
+	w, created := s.ensureMain(url)
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if !created {
+		w.SetURL(url)
+	}
+	s.showWhenReady(w)
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) SetMainFactory(f func(startURL string) *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.newMain = f
+}
+
+func (s *WindowManager) ForgetMain() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.forgetWindowLocked(s.mainWindow)
+	s.mainWindow = nil
+	s.headlessMain = false
+	if s.headlessTimer != nil {
+		s.headlessTimer.Stop()
+		s.headlessTimer = nil
+	}
+}
+
+// SetRecenterOnShow installs the recenterOnShow predicate (see the field).
+func (s *WindowManager) SetRecenterOnShow(pred func() bool) {
+	s.recenterOnShow = pred
+}
+
+// centerWhenReady centers w only on minimal WMs (recenterOnShow); elsewhere it
+// returns so it never fights a user-moved window. On GTK4 an inline Center()
+// no-ops until the GdkSurface is realized (async, after Show) and InvokeAsync
+// would deadlock, so a background goroutine retries until Position is non-zero,
+// bounded so a window genuinely at the origin can't spin forever.
+func (s *WindowManager) centerWhenReady(w *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	if w == nil || s.recenterOnShow == nil || !s.recenterOnShow() {
+		return
+	}
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < 50; i++ { // ~1s budget at 20ms steps
+			w.Center()
+			if x, y := w.Position(); x != 0 || y != 0 {
+				return // surface realized
+			}
+			time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// centerOnCursorScreen centers w on the cursor's display; guards no-op on headless sessions.
+// On minimal WMs it uses the same realize-detection retry loop as centerWhenReady.
+func (s *WindowManager) centerOnCursorScreen(w *application.WebviewWindow) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	place := func() {
+		screen := s.getScreenBasedOnCursorPosition()
+		if screen == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		width, height := w.Size()
+		if width <= 0 || height <= 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		wa := screen.WorkArea
+		if wa.Width <= 0 || wa.Height <= 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		w.SetPosition(wa.X+(wa.Width-width)/2, wa.Y+(wa.Height-height)/2)
+	}
+	place()
+	if s.recenterOnShow == nil || !s.recenterOnShow() {
+		return
+	}
+	go func() {
+		for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+			place()
+			if x, y := w.Position(); x != 0 || y != 0 {
+				return
+			}
+			time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// title resolves a window-title i18n key in the current language, or the raw key if unavailable.
+func (s *WindowManager) title(key string) string {
+	if s.translator == nil {
+		return key
+	}
+	lang := i18n.DefaultLanguage
+	if s.prefs != nil {
+		if pref := s.prefs.Get().Language; pref != "" {
+			lang = pref
+		}
+	}
+	return s.translator.Translate(lang, key)
+}
+
+// retitleAll re-applies the localised title to every live auxiliary window. Pointers are
+// snapshotted under s.mu; SetTitle is then safe to call after releasing the lock.
+func (s *WindowManager) retitleAll() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	type pair struct {
+		win *application.WebviewWindow
+		key string
+	}
+	wins := []pair{
+		{s.settings, "window.title.settings"},
+		{s.browserLogin, "window.title.signIn"},
+		{s.sessionExpiration, "window.title.sessionExpiration"},
+		{s.installProgress, "window.title.updating"},
+		{s.welcome, "window.title.welcome"},
+		{s.errorDialog, "window.title.error"},
+	}
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	for _, p := range wins {
+		if p.win != nil {
+			p.win.SetTitle(s.title(p.key))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// hideOtherWindowsLocked hides every visible window except keepName, recording
+// them in hiddenForLogin for restoreHiddenWindowsLocked. Caller must hold s.mu.
+func (s *WindowManager) hideOtherWindowsLocked(keepName string) {
+	for _, w := range s.app.Window.GetAll() {
+		if w == nil || w.Name() == keepName {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !w.IsVisible() {
+			continue
+		}
+		w.Hide()
+		s.hiddenForLogin = append(s.hiddenForLogin, w)
+	}
+}
+
+// restoreHiddenWindowsLocked re-shows windows hidden by hideOtherWindowsLocked
+// (caller holds s.mu). If the main window was among them, raiseToForeground
+// lifts it above the SSO browser, which still owns the foreground — a plain
+// Show/Focus would be demoted to a taskbar flash and leave it stranded behind.
+func (s *WindowManager) restoreHiddenWindowsLocked() {
+	mainRestored := false
+	for _, w := range s.hiddenForLogin {
+		if w == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		w.Show()
+		if w == s.mainWindow {
+			mainRestored = true
+		}
+	}
+	s.hiddenForLogin = nil
+	if mainRestored && s.mainWindow != nil {
+		raiseToForeground(s.mainWindow)
+	}
+}
+
+// getScreenBasedOnCursorPosition returns the cursor's display, falling back to the
+// main-window screen, then nil (OS-default placement).
+func (s *WindowManager) getScreenBasedOnCursorPosition() *application.Screen {
+	if s.app == nil || s.app.Screen == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if p, ok := getCursorPosition(s.app); ok {
+		if sc := s.app.Screen.ScreenNearestDipPoint(p); sc != nil {
+			return sc
+		}
+	}
+	if s.mainWindow != nil {
+		if sc, err := s.mainWindow.GetScreen(); err == nil {
+			return sc
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// errorDialogURL builds the error window's start URL with title/message/command as escaped query params.
+func errorDialogURL(title, message, command string) string {
+	q := url.Values{}
+	if title != "" {
+		q.Set("title", title)
+	}
+	if message != "" {
+		q.Set("message", message)
+	}
+	if command != "" {
+		q.Set("command", command)
+	}
+	startURL := "/#/dialog/error"
+	if enc := q.Encode(); enc != "" {
+		startURL += "?" + enc
+	}
+	return startURL
+}
+
+// u32ptr returns a pointer to v, for the optional *uint32 Wails theme fields.
+func u32ptr(v uint32) *uint32 { return &v }
diff --git a/client/ui/services/windowtheme_windows.go b/client/ui/services/windowtheme_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7dbc1164b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/services/windowtheme_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package services
+
+import "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/w32"
+
+// Wails assigns w32.AllowDarkModeForWindow only on builds >= 18334 but calls it
+// without a nil check when a window requests the Dark theme, crashing older
+// builds such as Windows Server 2019 (17763). Those builds still get a dark
+// title bar via the pre-20H1 DWM attribute that w32.SetTheme applies, so a
+// no-op stub keeps the Dark theme fully working there.
+func init() {
+	if w32.AllowDarkModeForWindow == nil {
+		w32.AllowDarkModeForWindow = func(w32.HWND, bool) uintptr { return 0 }
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/shutdown_other.go b/client/ui/shutdown_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e617233f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/shutdown_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build !windows && !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+func endSessionInterceptor() func(hwnd uintptr, msg uint32, wParam, lParam uintptr) (uintptr, bool) {
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/shutdown_windows.go b/client/ui/shutdown_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbb92a518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/shutdown_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+const (
+	wmQueryEndSession = 0x0011
+	wmEndSession      = 0x0016
+)
+
+func endSessionInterceptor() func(hwnd uintptr, msg uint32, wParam, lParam uintptr) (uintptr, bool) {
+	return func(_ uintptr, msg uint32, wParam, _ uintptr) (uintptr, bool) {
+		switch msg {
+		case wmQueryEndSession:
+			services.BeginSessionEnd()
+			return 1, true
+		case wmEndSession:
+			if wParam == 0 {
+				services.AbortSessionEnd()
+				return 0, true
+			}
+			log.Info("windows session is ending; exiting immediately")
+			os.Exit(0)
+			return 0, true
+		default:
+			return 0, false
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/signal_unix.go b/client/ui/signal_unix.go
index 99de99f0f..876c5dd6e 100644
--- a/client/ui/signal_unix.go
+++ b/client/ui/signal_unix.go
@@ -1,76 +1,31 @@
-//go:build !windows && !(linux && 386)
+//go:build !windows && !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
 
 package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"os/signal"
 	"syscall"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-// setupSignalHandler sets up a signal handler to listen for SIGUSR1.
-// When received, it opens the quick actions window.
-func (s *serviceClient) setupSignalHandler(ctx context.Context) {
-	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(sigChan, syscall.SIGUSR1)
+// listenForShowSignal lets external tools surface the running UI by signalling its pid (SIGUSR1).
+func listenForShowSignal(ctx context.Context, tray *Tray) {
+	sigCh := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sigCh, syscall.SIGUSR1)
 
 	go func() {
 		for {
 			select {
 			case <-ctx.Done():
+				signal.Stop(sigCh)
 				return
-			case <-sigChan:
-				log.Info("received SIGUSR1 signal, opening quick actions window")
-				s.openQuickActions()
+			case <-sigCh:
+				log.Debug("SIGUSR1 received, showing window")
+				tray.ShowWindow()
 			}
 		}
 	}()
 }
-
-// openQuickActions opens the quick actions window by spawning a new process.
-func (s *serviceClient) openQuickActions() {
-	proc, err := os.Executable()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get executable path: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(s.ctx, proc,
-		"--quick-actions=true",
-		"--daemon-addr="+s.addr,
-	)
-
-	if out := s.attachOutput(cmd); out != nil {
-		defer func() {
-			if err := out.Close(); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("close log file %s: %v", s.logFile, err)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("running command: %s --quick-actions=true --daemon-addr=%s", proc, s.addr)
-
-	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("start quick actions window: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	go func() {
-		if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("quick actions window exited: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-// sendShowWindowSignal sends SIGUSR1 to the specified PID.
-func sendShowWindowSignal(pid int32) error {
-	process, err := os.FindProcess(int(pid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return process.Signal(syscall.SIGUSR1)
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/signal_windows.go b/client/ui/signal_windows.go
index 58f46374f..86caa6d0c 100644
--- a/client/ui/signal_windows.go
+++ b/client/ui/signal_windows.go
@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -17,155 +14,65 @@ import (
 const (
 	quickActionsTriggerEventName = `Global\NetBirdQuickActionsTriggerEvent`
 	waitTimeout                  = 5 * time.Second
-	// SYNCHRONIZE is needed for WaitForSingleObject, EVENT_MODIFY_STATE for ResetEvent.
-	desiredAccesses = windows.SYNCHRONIZE | windows.EVENT_MODIFY_STATE
+	desiredAccesses              = windows.SYNCHRONIZE | windows.EVENT_MODIFY_STATE
+
+	// WAIT_TIMEOUT return code; not exposed by golang.org/x/sys/windows.
+	waitTimeoutCode uint32 = 0x00000102
 )
 
-func getEventNameUint16Pointer() (*uint16, error) {
-	eventNamePtr, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(quickActionsTriggerEventName)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to convert event name '%s' to UTF16: %v", quickActionsTriggerEventName, err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return eventNamePtr, nil
-}
-
-// setupSignalHandler sets up signal handling for Windows.
-// Windows doesn't support SIGUSR1, so this uses a similar approach using windows.Events.
-func (s *serviceClient) setupSignalHandler(ctx context.Context) {
-	eventNamePtr, err := getEventNameUint16Pointer()
+// listenForShowSignal shows the main window when an external process pulses the named event.
+func listenForShowSignal(ctx context.Context, tray *Tray) {
+	namePtr, err := windows.UTF16PtrFromString(quickActionsTriggerEventName)
 	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("trigger event name: %v", err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	eventHandle, err := windows.CreateEvent(nil, 1, 0, eventNamePtr)
-
+	handle, err := windows.CreateEvent(nil, 1, 0, namePtr)
 	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
-			log.Warnf("Quick actions trigger event '%s' already exists. Attempting to open.", quickActionsTriggerEventName)
-			eventHandle, err = windows.OpenEvent(desiredAccesses, false, eventNamePtr)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("Failed to open existing quick actions trigger event '%s': %v", quickActionsTriggerEventName, err)
-				return
-			}
-			log.Infof("Successfully opened existing quick actions trigger event '%s'.", quickActionsTriggerEventName)
-		} else {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to create quick actions trigger event '%s': %v", quickActionsTriggerEventName, err)
+		if !errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+			log.Errorf("create trigger event %q: %v", quickActionsTriggerEventName, err)
+			return
+		}
+		handle, err = windows.OpenEvent(desiredAccesses, false, namePtr)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("open trigger event %q: %v", quickActionsTriggerEventName, err)
 			return
 		}
 	}
 
-	if eventHandle == windows.InvalidHandle {
-		log.Errorf("Obtained an invalid handle for quick actions trigger event '%s'", quickActionsTriggerEventName)
+	if handle == windows.InvalidHandle {
+		log.Errorf("invalid handle for trigger event %q", quickActionsTriggerEventName)
 		return
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("Quick actions handler waiting for signal on event: %s", quickActionsTriggerEventName)
-
-	go s.waitForEvent(ctx, eventHandle)
+	go waitForTrigger(ctx, handle, tray)
 }
 
-func (s *serviceClient) waitForEvent(ctx context.Context, eventHandle windows.Handle) {
+func waitForTrigger(ctx context.Context, handle windows.Handle, tray *Tray) {
 	defer func() {
-		if err := windows.CloseHandle(eventHandle); err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed to close quick actions event handle '%s': %v", quickActionsTriggerEventName, err)
+		if err := windows.CloseHandle(handle); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("close trigger event handle: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
+	timeoutMs := uint32(waitTimeout / time.Millisecond)
 	for {
 		if ctx.Err() != nil {
 			return
 		}
-
-		status, err := windows.WaitForSingleObject(eventHandle, uint32(waitTimeout.Milliseconds()))
-
-		switch status {
-		case windows.WAIT_OBJECT_0:
-			log.Info("Received signal on quick actions event. Opening quick actions window.")
-
-			// reset the event so it can be triggered again later (manual reset == 1)
-			if err := windows.ResetEvent(eventHandle); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("Failed to reset quick actions event '%s': %v", quickActionsTriggerEventName, err)
-			}
-
-			s.openQuickActions()
-		case uint32(windows.WAIT_TIMEOUT):
-
-		default:
-			if isDone := logUnexpectedStatus(ctx, status, err); isDone {
-				return
+		ev, err := windows.WaitForSingleObject(handle, timeoutMs)
+		switch {
+		case err != nil:
+			log.Errorf("wait trigger event: %v", err)
+			return
+		case ev == waitTimeoutCode:
+			continue
+		case ev == windows.WAIT_OBJECT_0:
+			if err := windows.ResetEvent(handle); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("reset trigger event: %v", err)
 			}
+			tray.ShowWindow()
 		}
 	}
 }
-
-func logUnexpectedStatus(ctx context.Context, status uint32, err error) bool {
-	log.Errorf("Unexpected status %d from WaitForSingleObject for quick actions event '%s': %v",
-		status, quickActionsTriggerEventName, err)
-	select {
-	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-		return false
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return true
-	}
-}
-
-// openQuickActions opens the quick actions window by spawning a new process.
-func (s *serviceClient) openQuickActions() {
-	proc, err := os.Executable()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("get executable path: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(s.ctx, proc,
-		"--quick-actions=true",
-		"--daemon-addr="+s.addr,
-	)
-
-	if out := s.attachOutput(cmd); out != nil {
-		defer func() {
-			if err := out.Close(); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("close log file %s: %v", s.logFile, err)
-			}
-		}()
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("running command: %s --quick-actions=true --daemon-addr=%s", proc, s.addr)
-
-	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("error starting quick actions window: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	go func() {
-		if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("quick actions window exited: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-func sendShowWindowSignal(pid int32) error {
-	_, err := os.FindProcess(int(pid))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	eventNamePtr, err := getEventNameUint16Pointer()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	eventHandle, err := windows.OpenEvent(desiredAccesses, false, eventNamePtr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = windows.SetEvent(eventHandle)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("error setting event: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray.go b/client/ui/tray.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c392a0b62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray.go
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/events"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/services/notifications"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/authsession"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/i18n"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/preferences"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+)
+
+// Notification IDs are OS dedup keys that coalesce duplicate toasts;
+// statusError is a tray-only sentinel for the error-icon state.
+const (
+	notifyIDUpdatePrefix = "netbird-update-"
+	notifyIDEvent        = "netbird-event-"
+	notifyIDTrayError    = "netbird-tray-error"
+	notifyIDMDMPolicy    = "netbird-mdm-policy"
+
+	statusError = "Error"
+
+	quitDownTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+	urlGitHubRepo = "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird"
+	urlDocs       = "https://docs.netbird.io"
+)
+
+// TrayServices bundles the services the tray menu needs, grouped so NewTray
+// stays under the linter's parameter-count threshold.
+type TrayServices struct {
+	Connection      *services.Connection
+	Settings        *services.Settings
+	Profiles        *services.Profiles
+	Networks        *services.Networks
+	DaemonFeed      *services.DaemonFeed
+	Notifier        *Notifier
+	Update          *services.Update
+	ProfileSwitcher *services.ProfileSwitcher
+	WindowManager   *services.WindowManager
+	// Session is bound to authsession directly because the services wrapper
+	// only re-exposes the React subset.
+	Session     *authsession.Session
+	Localizer   *Localizer
+	Preferences *preferences.Store
+}
+
+type Tray struct {
+	app    *application.App
+	tray   *application.SystemTray
+	window *application.WebviewWindow
+	svc    TrayServices
+	// panelDark reports whether the desktop panel uses a dark scheme, so
+	// iconForState can pick the black vs white mono tray icon on Linux. Set
+	// by startTrayTheme (Linux only); nil elsewhere, where panelIsDark falls
+	// back to its default.
+	panelDark func() bool
+	loc       *Localizer
+
+	// menu and the *Item/*Submenu fields below are reassigned by buildMenu
+	// on every relayout — touch them only with menuMu held. Exceptions:
+	// the Connect/Disconnect OnClick closures capture their own item, and
+	// refreshSessionExpiresLabel snapshots its item under menuMu.
+	menu       *application.Menu
+	statusItem *application.MenuItem
+	// sessionExpiresItem shows the SSO deadline as a remaining-time label,
+	// repainted by a 30s ticker.
+	sessionExpiresItem *application.MenuItem
+	upItem             *application.MenuItem
+	downItem           *application.MenuItem
+	exitNodeItem       *application.MenuItem
+	exitNodeSubmenu    *application.Menu
+	profileSubmenu     *application.Menu
+	profileSubmenuItem *application.MenuItem
+	profileEmailItem   *application.MenuItem
+	settingsItem       *application.MenuItem
+	daemonVersionItem  *application.MenuItem
+
+	updater *trayUpdater
+
+	// statusMu guards the daemon-status core mirrored on the tray. One mutex
+	// covers these fields because applyStatus writes them together on every
+	// Status push and the menu painters read them.
+	statusMu          sync.Mutex
+	connected         bool
+	lastStatus        string
+	lastDaemonVersion string
+	// lastNetworksRevision is the daemon's routed-networks revision; a bump (or
+	// a connect/disconnect transition) gates the refreshExitNodes re-fetch so
+	// ListNetworks runs only when routes change. The peer-status route list
+	// can't substitute: it carries only actively-routed routes, not candidate
+	// exit nodes.
+	lastNetworksRevision uint64
+	// pendingConnectLogin is set when handleConnect fires an Up on an idle
+	// daemon. The daemon flips to NeedsLogin if the peer is SSO-tracked with
+	// no cached token; applyStatus consumes the flag on that transition to
+	// open the browser-login flow, saving a second Connect click.
+	// Profile-switch reconnects are handled separately by
+	// DaemonFeed.statusStreamLoop.
+	pendingConnectLogin bool
+
+	// sessionMu guards the cached SSO deadline used by the session row.
+	// Independent of statusMu so the 30s ticker reader and the Status-push
+	// writer don't block each other.
+	sessionMu        sync.Mutex
+	sessionExpiresAt time.Time
+
+	// profileMu guards the profile-domain state (active identity, the
+	// notifications gate, the in-flight switch cancel). Independent of
+	// statusMu so a long-running switch holding switchCancel doesn't block a
+	// Status-push reader of t.connected.
+	profileMu            sync.Mutex
+	activeProfile        string
+	activeUsername       string
+	notificationsEnabled bool
+	switchCancel         context.CancelFunc
+
+	// profileLoadMu serializes loadProfiles so the applyStatus refresh can't
+	// race the ApplicationStarted seed or the post-switch reload — all
+	// manipulate profileSubmenu + SetMenu, which Wails isn't concurrency-safe
+	// against.
+	profileLoadMu sync.Mutex
+
+	// profilesMu guards the cached profile rows that relayoutMenu repaints
+	// into a freshly built Profiles submenu, kept separate from the live
+	// submenu so a relayout always has a source to repaint from without
+	// re-hitting the daemon.
+	profilesMu   sync.Mutex
+	profiles     []services.Profile
+	profilesUser string
+
+	// menuMu serialises relayoutMenu (buildMenu + SetMenu) and guards the
+	// menu/item-pointer fields above. relayoutMenu is the only post-startup
+	// SetMenu call site — a menu snapshot pushed outside the lock could
+	// reinstall a stale tree.
+	menuMu sync.Mutex
+
+	// exitNodesMu guards the exitNodes row cache so relayoutMenu's read (and
+	// the Repaint copy) doesn't contend with status-push readers of statusMu.
+	exitNodesMu sync.Mutex
+	exitNodes   []exitNodeEntry
+	// exitNodesRebuildMu serialises the ListNetworks fetch + submenu rebuild +
+	// SetMenu cycle so back-to-back Status pushes can't run it concurrently
+	// with itself.
+	exitNodesRebuildMu sync.Mutex
+
+	// featureMu guards the daemon feature kill switches mirrored on the tray.
+	// Fetched at startup and refreshed on every config_changed event (the
+	// daemon re-applies MDM policy per engine spawn), so featuresDisabled can
+	// grey out menus without polling GetFeatures.
+	featureMu       sync.Mutex
+	disableProfiles bool
+	disableNetworks bool
+}
+
+func NewTray(app *application.App, window *application.WebviewWindow, svc TrayServices) *Tray {
+	t := &Tray{
+		app:                  app,
+		window:               window,
+		svc:                  svc,
+		notificationsEnabled: true,
+		// Localizer is constructed by main so the first menu render is already
+		// in the right locale — no English flash then re-paint.
+		loc: svc.Localizer,
+	}
+	t.updater = newTrayUpdater(app, t.showMainAt, svc.Update, svc.Notifier, t.loc, func() { t.applyIcon() }, func() { t.relayoutMenu() })
+	t.tray = app.SystemTray.New()
+	// Seed panel-theme detection before the first paint so the initial icon
+	// matches the panel's light/dark scheme (Linux only).
+	t.startTrayTheme()
+	t.applyIcon()
+	t.tray.SetTooltip(t.loc.T("tray.tooltip"))
+	// On Linux the SNI hover tooltip rides on the systray label, not
+	// SetTooltip (a no-op there); without a label Wails shows the literal
+	// "Wails". macOS/Windows are skipped (label paints visible text on
+	// macOS; Windows uses SetTooltip above).
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		t.tray.SetLabel(t.loc.T("tray.tooltip"))
+	}
+	t.menu = t.buildMenu()
+	t.tray.SetMenu(t.menu)
+	// macOS/Linux give click→menu natively, so bindTrayClick is a no-op there
+	// (binding OnClick→OpenMenu on macOS would freeze the tray); Windows has no
+	// native left-click handler so it wires one to open the main window, leaving
+	// the menu on right-click (see tray_click_*.go). On Linux AttachWindow is
+	// skipped — with applySmartDefaults it would pop the window alongside the
+	// menu (e.g. GNOME Shell AppIndicator).
+	bindTrayClick(t)
+
+	app.Event.On(services.EventStatusSnapshot, t.onStatusEvent)
+	app.Event.On(services.EventDaemonNotification, t.onSystemEvent)
+	// Refresh the Profiles submenu on ProfileSwitcher's change event. A
+	// switch on an idle daemon drives no status transition, so without this
+	// hook a React-initiated switch leaves the tray's submenu stale.
+	app.Event.On(services.EventProfileChanged, func(*application.CustomEvent) {
+		go t.loadProfiles()
+	})
+	// Defer the first profile load until the menu impl is live — Menu.Update()
+	// short-circuits while app.running is false, and AppKit's main queue isn't
+	// ready earlier (see d23ef34 InvokeSync nil-deref).
+	app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ApplicationStarted, func(*application.ApplicationEvent) {
+		go t.loadProfiles()
+		go t.refreshRestrictions()
+		go t.runSessionExpiryTicker()
+		// Category registration must run after the notifications service
+		// Startup populates appName/registry path on Windows; before app.Run()
+		// the category lookup silently falls back to a plain notification.
+		t.registerSessionWarningCategory()
+	})
+
+	t.loc.Watch(func(i18n.LanguageCode) { t.applyLanguage() })
+
+	go t.loadConfig()
+	return t
+}
+
+// ShowWindow brings the main window forward — used by SIGUSR1 / Windows event.
+// Show() alone is not enough on macOS (makeKeyAndOrderFront skips activation,
+// so the window pops up behind the active app); Focus() additionally calls
+// activateIgnoringOtherApps:YES on macOS and SetForegroundWindow on Windows.
+func (t *Tray) ShowWindow() {
+	// An install supersedes every other flow, so check it before BrowserLogin.
+	if w := t.svc.WindowManager.InstallProgressWindow(); w != nil {
+		w.Show()
+		w.Focus()
+		return
+	}
+	if w := t.svc.WindowManager.BrowserLoginWindow(); w != nil {
+		w.Show()
+		w.Focus()
+		return
+	}
+	// Route through WindowManager so the main window is centered on first
+	// show — minimal WMs (fluxbox, the XEmbed tray path) otherwise drop it in
+	// the top-left corner.
+	if t.svc.WindowManager != nil {
+		t.svc.WindowManager.ShowMain()
+		return
+	}
+	if w := t.mainWindow(); w != nil {
+		w.Show()
+		w.Focus()
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Tray) mainWindow() *application.WebviewWindow {
+	if t.svc.WindowManager == nil {
+		return t.window
+	}
+	return t.svc.WindowManager.MainWindow()
+}
+
+func (t *Tray) showMainAt(url string) {
+	if t.svc.WindowManager != nil {
+		t.svc.WindowManager.ShowMainAt(url)
+		return
+	}
+	if w := t.mainWindow(); w != nil {
+		w.SetURL(url)
+		w.Show()
+		w.Focus()
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Tray) showMain() {
+	if t.svc.WindowManager != nil {
+		t.svc.WindowManager.ShowMain()
+		return
+	}
+	if w := t.mainWindow(); w != nil {
+		w.Show()
+		w.Focus()
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Tray) showMainAndEmit(event string) {
+	if t.svc.WindowManager != nil {
+		t.svc.WindowManager.ShowMainAndEmit(event)
+		return
+	}
+	t.showMain()
+	t.app.Event.Emit(event)
+}
+
+// applyLanguage re-renders every translated surface in the Localizer's current
+// language. Wails dispatches menu/tray APIs onto the UI thread internally, so
+// calling them from the Localizer's background goroutine is safe; profileLoadMu
+// prevents loadProfiles from racing the rebuild.
+func (t *Tray) applyLanguage() {
+	t.tray.SetTooltip(t.loc.T("tray.tooltip"))
+	// Mirror the Linux label fix from NewTray (the SNI tooltip rides on the
+	// label).
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		t.tray.SetLabel(t.loc.T("tray.tooltip"))
+	}
+	t.relayoutMenu()
+}
+
+// relayoutMenu rebuilds the entire tray menu, repaints the cached
+// status/session/profile/exit-node state into the fresh items, and pushes the
+// whole tree with a single SetMenu.
+//
+// A full rebuild is required because on KDE/Plasma the StatusNotifierItem host
+// caches a submenu's layout on first open (GetLayout for that submenu id) and
+// never re-fetches it on a LayoutUpdated(parent=0) signal — so Clear()+Add()
+// into the same container froze both the visible rows and the click→id mapping,
+// and stale ids no-op'd. buildMenu allocates a fresh submenu container id each
+// time, which Plasma treats as unseen and re-queries (confirmed via
+// dbus-monitor). This also covers the darwin detached-NSMenu workaround, since
+// it rebuilds the whole tree against the cached top-level pointer.
+//
+// Rows come from the profilesMu/exitNodes caches, so it never re-hits the
+// daemon or recurses back into loadProfiles.
+func (t *Tray) relayoutMenu() {
+	t.menuMu.Lock()
+	defer t.menuMu.Unlock()
+
+	t.menu = t.buildMenu()
+
+	t.statusMu.Lock()
+	connected := t.connected
+	lastStatus := t.lastStatus
+	daemonVersion := t.lastDaemonVersion
+	t.statusMu.Unlock()
+
+	t.sessionMu.Lock()
+	sessionDeadline := t.sessionExpiresAt
+	t.sessionMu.Unlock()
+
+	t.exitNodesMu.Lock()
+	exitNodeEntries := append([]exitNodeEntry(nil), t.exitNodes...)
+	t.exitNodesMu.Unlock()
+
+	disableProfiles, disableNetworks := t.featuresDisabled()
+
+	daemonUnavailable := strings.EqualFold(lastStatus, services.StatusDaemonUnavailable)
+	connecting := strings.EqualFold(lastStatus, services.StatusConnecting)
+
+	if t.statusItem != nil && lastStatus != "" {
+		t.statusItem.SetLabel(t.loc.StatusLabel(lastStatus))
+		t.statusItem.SetEnabled(statusRowEnabled())
+		t.applyStatusIndicator(lastStatus)
+	}
+	if t.sessionExpiresItem != nil {
+		if sessionDeadline.IsZero() {
+			t.sessionExpiresItem.SetHidden(true)
+		} else {
+			t.sessionExpiresItem.SetLabel(t.sessionRowLabel(sessionDeadline))
+			t.sessionExpiresItem.SetHidden(false)
+		}
+	}
+	if t.upItem != nil {
+		// Connect stays visible in the NeedsLogin states too — Up drives
+		// the SSO re-auth flow; hidden only when it would be a no-op.
+		t.upItem.SetHidden(connected || connecting || daemonUnavailable)
+		t.upItem.SetEnabled(!connected && !connecting && !daemonUnavailable)
+	}
+	if t.downItem != nil {
+		// Disconnect doubles as the Connecting abort path.
+		t.downItem.SetHidden(!connected && !connecting)
+		t.downItem.SetEnabled(connected || connecting)
+	}
+	if t.exitNodeItem != nil {
+		t.exitNodeItem.SetEnabled(connected && len(exitNodeEntries) > 0 && !disableNetworks)
+	}
+	if t.settingsItem != nil {
+		t.settingsItem.SetEnabled(!daemonUnavailable)
+	}
+	if t.profileSubmenuItem != nil {
+		t.profileSubmenuItem.SetEnabled(!daemonUnavailable && !disableProfiles)
+	}
+	if daemonVersion != "" && t.daemonVersionItem != nil {
+		t.daemonVersionItem.SetLabel(t.loc.T("tray.menu.daemonVersion", "version", daemonVersion))
+	}
+	if t.updater != nil {
+		t.updater.applyLanguage()
+	}
+	// buildMenu recreated empty submenus, so repaint both from their caches
+	// before SetMenu. Neither fill re-fetches. Do NOT re-take
+	// exitNodesRebuildMu here — refreshExitNodes already holds it when it
+	// calls relayoutMenu.
+	t.fillExitNodeSubmenu(exitNodeEntries)
+	t.fillProfileSubmenu()
+
+	// Single push of the whole tree: on Linux one LayoutUpdated with fresh
+	// container ids; on darwin an NSMenu rebuild against the cached pointer.
+	t.tray.SetMenu(t.menu)
+}
+
+func (t *Tray) buildMenu() *application.Menu {
+	menu := application.NewMenu()
+
+	// Enabled state is platform-dependent (see statusRowEnabled): Windows keeps
+	// it enabled because the disabled mask would desaturate the coloured status
+	// dot; macOS/Linux disable it so the greyed label signals it isn't
+	// clickable.
+	t.statusItem = menu.Add(t.loc.T("tray.status.disconnected")).
+		SetEnabled(statusRowEnabled()).
+		SetBitmap(iconMenuDotIdle)
+
+	menu.AddSeparator()
+
+	// The OnClick closures capture the local item because t.upItem/t.downItem
+	// are menuMu-guarded and must not be read from the click goroutine.
+	upItem := menu.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.connect"))
+	upItem.OnClick(func(*application.Context) { t.handleConnect(upItem) })
+	t.upItem = upItem
+	downItem := menu.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.disconnect"))
+	downItem.OnClick(func(*application.Context) { t.handleDisconnect(downItem) })
+	downItem.SetHidden(true)
+	t.downItem = downItem
+
+	menu.AddSeparator()
+
+	// Populated asynchronously once the app has started — Menu.Update() is a
+	// no-op before app.running is true, so the initial fill is gated on the
+	// ApplicationStarted hook.
+	profilesLabel := t.loc.T("tray.menu.profiles")
+	t.profileSubmenu = menu.AddSubmenu(profilesLabel)
+	// AddSubmenu returns the child *Menu, so retrieve the parent *MenuItem via
+	// FindByLabel.
+	t.profileSubmenuItem = menu.FindByLabel(profilesLabel)
+	t.profileEmailItem = menu.Add("").SetEnabled(false)
+	t.profileEmailItem.SetHidden(true)
+	// Click opens the SessionExpiration window so the user can extend ahead of
+	// the daemon's T-FinalWarningLead auto-prompt.
+	t.sessionExpiresItem = menu.Add("").OnClick(func(*application.Context) { t.openSessionExtendFlow() })
+	t.sessionExpiresItem.SetHidden(true)
+
+	menu.AddSeparator()
+	// Accelerators on the Settings/Quit entries below are a no-op on Windows in
+	// Wails v3 alpha.95 (impl commented out in menuitem_windows.go); still set
+	// for forward compatibility. macOS/GTK render and fire them.
+	menu.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.open")).OnClick(func(*application.Context) { t.ShowWindow() })
+
+	menu.AddSeparator()
+
+	// exitNodeSubmenu hosts one row per peer advertising a default route
+	// (0.0.0.0/0 or ::/0). FindByLabel grabs the parent so applyStatus can flip
+	// its enabled state independently of the children.
+	exitNodeLabel := t.loc.T("tray.menu.exitNode")
+	t.exitNodeSubmenu = menu.AddSubmenu(exitNodeLabel)
+	t.exitNodeItem = menu.FindByLabel(exitNodeLabel)
+	t.exitNodeItem.SetEnabled(false)
+
+	menu.AddSeparator()
+
+	// The label's trailing ellipsis follows the macOS HIG convention for items
+	// that open a window.
+	t.settingsItem = menu.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.settings")).
+		SetAccelerator("CmdOrCtrl+,").
+		OnClick(func(*application.Context) { t.svc.WindowManager.OpenSettings("") })
+
+	aboutLabel := menuLabel(t.loc.T("tray.menu.about"))
+	about := menu.AddSubmenu(aboutLabel)
+	about.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.github")).OnClick(func(*application.Context) {
+		_ = t.app.Browser.OpenURL(urlGitHubRepo)
+	})
+	about.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.documentation")).OnClick(func(*application.Context) {
+		_ = t.app.Browser.OpenURL(urlDocs)
+	})
+	about.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.troubleshoot")).OnClick(func(*application.Context) {
+		t.svc.WindowManager.OpenSettings("troubleshooting")
+	})
+	about.AddSeparator()
+	about.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.guiVersion", "version", version.NetbirdVersion())).SetEnabled(false)
+	t.daemonVersionItem = about.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.daemonVersion", "version", t.loc.T("tray.menu.versionUnknown"))).SetEnabled(false)
+	// trayUpdater rewrites the label between downloadLatest (opt-in) and
+	// installVersion (enforced) and drives the click.
+	updateItem := about.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.downloadLatest")).
+		OnClick(func(*application.Context) { t.updater.handleClick() })
+	updateItem.SetHidden(true)
+	t.updater.attach(updateItem)
+
+	menu.AddSeparator()
+	menu.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.quit")).
+		SetAccelerator("CmdOrCtrl+Q").
+		OnClick(func(*application.Context) { t.handleQuit() })
+
+	return menu
+}
+
+func (t *Tray) handleQuit() {
+	services.BeginShutdown()
+	t.profileMu.Lock()
+	if t.switchCancel != nil {
+		t.switchCancel()
+		t.switchCancel = nil
+	}
+	t.profileMu.Unlock()
+	t.svc.DaemonFeed.CancelProfileSwitch()
+
+	if t.svc.Preferences == nil || !t.svc.Preferences.Get().KeepConnectedOnQuit {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), quitDownTimeout)
+		defer cancel()
+		if err := t.svc.Connection.Down(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("disconnect on quit: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	t.app.Quit()
+}
+
+// handleConnect receives the clicked item from the buildMenu closure —
+// t.upItem is menuMu-guarded and must not be read here.
+func (t *Tray) handleConnect(upItem *application.MenuItem) {
+	// NeedsLogin/SessionExpired/LoginFailed won't honor a plain Up RPC — they
+	// need the Login → WaitSSOLogin → Up sequence. Emit EventTriggerLogin so
+	// the React startLogin() (which owns the BrowserLogin popup) drives it;
+	// the WindowManager materialises a hidden main webview when none is live,
+	// so only the popup shows.
+	t.statusMu.Lock()
+	needsLogin := strings.EqualFold(t.lastStatus, services.StatusNeedsLogin) ||
+		strings.EqualFold(t.lastStatus, services.StatusSessionExpired) ||
+		strings.EqualFold(t.lastStatus, services.StatusLoginFailed)
+	t.statusMu.Unlock()
+	if needsLogin {
+		t.app.Event.Emit(services.EventTriggerLogin)
+		return
+	}
+	upItem.SetEnabled(false)
+	// Arm the SSO auto-handoff: Up() is async and the daemon may flip to
+	// NeedsLogin on an SSO peer with no cached token. applyStatus consumes the
+	// flag on that transition to trigger browser-login without a second Connect
+	// click, and clears it on any terminal state.
+	t.statusMu.Lock()
+	t.pendingConnectLogin = true
+	t.statusMu.Unlock()
+	go func() {
+		if err := t.svc.Connection.Up(context.Background(), services.UpParams{}); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("connect: %v", err)
+			t.notifyError(t.loc.T("notify.error.connect"))
+			t.statusMu.Lock()
+			t.pendingConnectLogin = false
+			t.statusMu.Unlock()
+			upItem.SetEnabled(true)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// handleDisconnect aborts any in-flight profile switch before sending Down —
+// otherwise the switcher's queued Up would reconnect right after, making the
+// click a no-op. Also clears Peers' optimistic-Connecting guard so the daemon's
+// Idle push paints through instead of being swallowed by the suppression filter.
+// Receives the clicked item from the buildMenu closure (see handleConnect).
+func (t *Tray) handleDisconnect(downItem *application.MenuItem) {
+	downItem.SetEnabled(false)
+	t.profileMu.Lock()
+	if t.switchCancel != nil {
+		t.switchCancel()
+		t.switchCancel = nil
+	}
+	t.profileMu.Unlock()
+	t.svc.DaemonFeed.CancelProfileSwitch()
+	go func() {
+		if err := t.svc.Connection.Down(context.Background()); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("disconnect: %v", err)
+			t.notifyError(t.loc.T("notify.error.disconnect"))
+			downItem.SetEnabled(true)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// notify wraps the Wails notification service with the tray's standard
+// id-prefix scheme and swallows errors (notifications are best-effort).
+func (t *Tray) notify(title, body, id string) {
+	if t.svc.Notifier == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	_ = safeSendNotification(t.svc.Notifier.SendNotification, title, notifications.NotificationOptions{
+		ID:    id,
+		Title: title,
+		Body:  body,
+	})
+}
+
+// notifyError fires a generic "Error" notification for tray-driven action
+// failures. Each tray click site already logs the underlying error; this
+// adds the user-visible toast.
+func (t *Tray) notifyError(message string) {
+	t.notify(t.loc.T("notify.error.title"), message, notifyIDTrayError)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_click_linux.go b/client/ui/tray_click_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95f5dfe85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_click_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//go:build linux && !(linux && 386)
+
+package main
+
+// bindTrayClick wires the tray icon's left-click handler on Linux.
+//
+// Expected behaviour per tray host:
+//
+//	Host                           Left click              Right click
+//	KDE Plasma, Waybar             main window (Activate)  menu (host-rendered)
+//	GNOME Shell + AppIndicator     menu only               menu only
+//	Minimal WMs via XEmbed host    main window (Activate)  XEmbed GTK popup
+//
+// OnClick fires only on org.kde.StatusNotifierItem.Activate — a real left
+// click. KDE/Waybar send it over D-Bus; the in-process XEmbed host
+// (xembed_host_linux.go) maps a Button1 press to the same Activate call.
+//
+// GNOME Shell + AppIndicator never sends Activate: it renders the dbusmenu
+// on ANY click and only reports the menu opening via dbusmenu
+// Event("opened"). Upstream Wails treated that event as a click, so on GNOME
+// both buttons raised the main window on top of the menu, and on KDE/Waybar
+// a right click raised it over the freshly opened menu. The netbirdio/wails
+// fork (go.mod replace) drops that heuristic: a menu open never fires
+// OnClick. On GNOME the main window is reached via the "Open NetBird" menu
+// entry; left-click-opens-window is not achievable there anyway, since the
+// host always opens the menu itself.
+//
+// We do NOT register OnDoubleClick: Wails' Linux SNI backend never fires it
+// (unlike Windows). And we deliberately skip AttachWindow — it plus Wails3's
+// applySmartDefaults would pop the window alongside the menu on GNOME Shell
+// with the AppIndicator extension (see the bindTrayClick comment in tray.go).
+//
+// ShowWindow() is the same dispatcher the explicit "Open NetBird" menu entry
+// and SIGUSR1 use: it brings the install-progress / browser-login window
+// forward when one of those flows is active, otherwise routes through
+// WindowManager.ShowMain so the window re-centers on minimal WMs / the XEmbed
+// path instead of landing in the top-left corner.
+func bindTrayClick(t *Tray) {
+	t.tray.OnClick(func() { t.ShowWindow() })
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_click_other.go b/client/ui/tray_click_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6a29e419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_click_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build !windows && !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js && (!linux || (linux && 386))
+
+package main
+
+func bindTrayClick(*Tray) {
+	// No-op: macOS's native NSStatusItem opens the menu on click itself, and
+	// binding OnClick→anything blocking there froze the tray historically
+	// (see tray_click_windows.go). Windows wires an explicit handler
+	// (tray_click_windows.go); Linux opens the window on left-click
+	// (tray_click_linux.go). The (linux && 386) arm keeps a no-op fallback for
+	// the i386 Linux build, which excludes the cgo XEmbed/SNI files that
+	// tray_click_linux.go's build tag matches.
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_click_windows.go b/client/ui/tray_click_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..17a6dc5df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_click_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+// Open application window on left click, right click opens the tray menu
+func bindTrayClick(t *Tray) {
+	t.tray.OnClick(func() { t.ShowWindow() })
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_events.go b/client/ui/tray_events.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f23b5d715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_events.go
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/authsession"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+// onSystemEvent fires an OS notification for daemon SystemEvents that carry a
+// user-facing message. Gated by the "Notifications" toggle; critical events bypass it.
+func (t *Tray) onSystemEvent(ev *application.CustomEvent) {
+	se, ok := ev.Data.(services.SystemEvent)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	// config_changed carries no UserMessage, so handle it before the message gate below.
+	if se.Category == "system" && se.Metadata[proto.MetadataTypeKey] == proto.MetadataTypeConfigChanged {
+		log.Infof("config_changed event received (source=%s); refreshing tray restrictions", se.Metadata[proto.MetadataSourceKey])
+		go t.refreshRestrictions()
+		go t.loadConfig()
+		// MDM gets a localised toast here; the daemon's English "policy_applied"
+		// event is suppressed in shouldSkipSystemEvent. Other sources stay silent.
+		if se.Metadata[proto.MetadataSourceKey] == proto.MetadataSourceMDM {
+			t.profileMu.Lock()
+			enabled := t.notificationsEnabled
+			t.profileMu.Unlock()
+			if enabled {
+				t.notify(
+					t.loc.T("notify.mdm.policyApplied.title"),
+					t.loc.T("notify.mdm.policyApplied.body"),
+					notifyIDMDMPolicy,
+				)
+			}
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	// Session-warning and deadline-rejected events build their body locally from
+	// metadata; every other event needs a UserMessage.
+	isSessionWarning := se.Metadata[authsession.MetaWarning] == "true"
+	isDeadlineRejected := se.Metadata[authsession.MetaDeadlineRejected] != ""
+	if !isSessionWarning && !isDeadlineRejected && se.UserMessage == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if shouldSkipSystemEvent(se) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	critical := strings.EqualFold(se.Severity, services.SeverityCritical)
+	t.profileMu.Lock()
+	enabled := t.notificationsEnabled
+	t.profileMu.Unlock()
+	if !enabled && !critical {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Session-warning events route via stable metadata flags rather than
+	// category/severity so a daemon-side reword still lands here. Final warning
+	// auto-opens the SessionExpiration dialog with no notification (the dialog is
+	// the last-chance reminder; doubling up would be noise).
+	if isDeadlineRejected {
+		t.notify(
+			t.loc.T("notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.title"),
+			t.loc.T("notify.sessionDeadlineRejected.body"),
+			notifyIDSessionExpired,
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if se.Metadata != nil && se.Metadata[authsession.MetaWarning] == "true" {
+		if se.Metadata[authsession.MetaFinal] == "true" {
+			deadline, _ := authsession.ParseExpiresAt(se.Metadata[authsession.MetaExpiresAt])
+			t.openSessionExpiration(deadline)
+			return
+		}
+		t.notifySessionWarning(
+			t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.title"),
+			t.buildSessionWarningBody(se.Metadata),
+		)
+		return
+	}
+
+	body := se.UserMessage
+	if id := se.Metadata["id"]; id != "" {
+		body += fmt.Sprintf(" ID: %s", id)
+	}
+	t.notify(eventTitle(se), body, notifyIDEvent+se.ID)
+}
+
+// eventTitle composes a notification title, e.g. "Critical: DNS", "Warning: Authentication".
+func eventTitle(e services.SystemEvent) string {
+	prefix := titleCase(e.Severity)
+	if prefix == "" {
+		prefix = "Info"
+	}
+	category := titleCase(e.Category)
+	if category == "" {
+		category = "System"
+	}
+	return prefix + ": " + category
+}
+
+func titleCase(s string) string {
+	if s == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.ToUpper(s[:1]) + strings.ToLower(s[1:])
+}
+
+// shouldSkipSystemEvent reports whether a daemon SystemEvent must not surface as
+// a tray notification:
+//   - update-available announcements (trayUpdater emits its own)
+//   - install-progress signals (consumed by the install-progress window)
+//   - the ::/0 partner of an exit-node default route (0.0.0.0/0 already toasted)
+func shouldSkipSystemEvent(se services.SystemEvent) bool {
+	// "policy_applied" carries a hardcoded English message; the localised toast
+	// fires on the paired config_changed (source=mdm) event instead.
+	if se.Metadata[proto.MetadataTypeKey] == proto.MetadataTypePolicyApplied {
+		return true
+	}
+	if _, isUpdate := se.Metadata["new_version_available"]; isUpdate {
+		return true
+	}
+	if _, isProgress := se.Metadata["progress_window"]; isProgress {
+		return true
+	}
+	if se.Category == "network" && se.Metadata["network"] == "::/0" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_exitnodes.go b/client/ui/tray_exitnodes.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e6f30842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_exitnodes.go
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+// exitNodeEntry is one Exit Node submenu row; ID is the network's NetID, the Select/Deselect argument.
+type exitNodeEntry struct {
+	ID       string
+	Selected bool
+}
+
+// fillExitNodeSubmenu uses a "✓ " prefix with plain Add, not AddCheckbox: Wails
+// auto-toggles a checkbox on click before OnClick runs, so the deselect/select
+// round-trip would briefly show two checked rows. Callers must hold exitNodesRebuildMu.
+func (t *Tray) fillExitNodeSubmenu(nodes []exitNodeEntry) {
+	if t.exitNodeSubmenu == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	t.exitNodeSubmenu.Clear()
+	for _, n := range nodes {
+		id := n.ID
+		selected := n.Selected
+		label := id
+		if selected {
+			label = "✓ " + id
+		}
+		t.exitNodeSubmenu.Add(label).OnClick(func(*application.Context) {
+			t.toggleExitNode(id, selected)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// refreshExitNodes sources rows from Networks.List() rather than the Status stream
+// because only ListNetworks carries the NetID + selected state Select/Deselect need.
+// Serialized by exitNodesRebuildMu against overlapping Status pushes.
+func (t *Tray) refreshExitNodes() {
+	t.exitNodesRebuildMu.Lock()
+	defer t.exitNodesRebuildMu.Unlock()
+
+	t.statusMu.Lock()
+	connected := t.connected
+	t.statusMu.Unlock()
+
+	var nodes []exitNodeEntry
+	if connected {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		list, err := t.svc.Networks.List(ctx)
+		cancel()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("tray list networks: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		nodes = exitNodesFromNetworks(list)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("tray refreshExitNodes: %d exit node(s)", len(nodes))
+	for _, n := range nodes {
+		log.Infof("tray exit node: id=%q selected=%v", n.ID, n.Selected)
+	}
+
+	t.exitNodesMu.Lock()
+	changed := !equalExitNodes(nodes, t.exitNodes)
+	t.exitNodes = nodes
+	t.exitNodesMu.Unlock()
+
+	// relayoutMenu repaints from the cached entries, so the old exitNodeItem needs no poking here.
+	if changed {
+		t.relayoutMenu()
+	}
+}
+
+// toggleExitNode uses append=true: append=false would drop the whole current
+// selection (default-on semantics), turning off every other routed network the
+// user had enabled. Mutual exclusion of exit nodes is enforced daemon-side.
+func (t *Tray) toggleExitNode(id string, selected bool) {
+	go func() {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		params := services.SelectNetworksParams{NetworkIDs: []string{id}, Append: true, All: false}
+		var err error
+		if selected {
+			err = t.svc.Networks.Deselect(ctx, params)
+		} else {
+			err = t.svc.Networks.Select(ctx, params)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("tray toggle exit node %q: %v", id, err)
+			t.notifyError(t.loc.T("notify.error.exitNode", "name", id))
+			return
+		}
+		t.refreshExitNodes()
+	}()
+}
+
+// exitNodesFromNetworks keeps only networks whose range is a default route: those are the exit-node candidates.
+func exitNodesFromNetworks(networks []services.Network) []exitNodeEntry {
+	out := []exitNodeEntry{}
+	for _, n := range networks {
+		if !rangeIsDefaultRoute(n.Range) {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, exitNodeEntry{ID: n.ID, Selected: n.Selected})
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return strings.ToLower(out[i].ID) < strings.ToLower(out[j].ID)
+	})
+	return out
+}
+
+// rangeIsDefaultRoute reports whether r contains a default route. The daemon may
+// comma-join a v4+v6 pair ("0.0.0.0/0, ::/0"), so each part is parsed rather than string-compared.
+func rangeIsDefaultRoute(r string) bool {
+	for _, part := range strings.Split(r, ",") {
+		pref, err := netip.ParsePrefix(strings.TrimSpace(part))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if pref.Bits() == 0 && pref.Addr().IsUnspecified() {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func equalExitNodes(a, b []exitNodeEntry) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := range a {
+		if a[i] != b[i] {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_features.go b/client/ui/tray_features.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ff99e2be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_features.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// refreshRestrictions re-reads the operator-disabled UI flags and re-gates the
+// menu. Must run on every config_changed event: the daemon re-applies its MDM
+// policy on each engine spawn.
+func (t *Tray) refreshRestrictions() {
+	r, err := t.svc.Settings.GetRestrictions(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("get restrictions: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	t.featureMu.Lock()
+	changed := t.disableProfiles != r.Features.DisableProfiles ||
+		t.disableNetworks != r.Features.DisableNetworks
+	t.disableProfiles = r.Features.DisableProfiles
+	t.disableNetworks = r.Features.DisableNetworks
+	t.featureMu.Unlock()
+	// relayoutMenu rebuilds the whole tree, so skip the no-op refresh (common case).
+	if changed {
+		t.relayoutMenu()
+	}
+}
+
+// featuresDisabled returns the cached flags under featureMu.
+func (t *Tray) featuresDisabled() (profiles, networks bool) {
+	t.featureMu.Lock()
+	defer t.featureMu.Unlock()
+	return t.disableProfiles, t.disableNetworks
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_icon.go b/client/ui/tray_icon.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c7b85d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_icon.go
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+func (t *Tray) applyIcon() {
+	t.statusMu.Lock()
+	connected := t.connected
+	statusLabel := t.lastStatus
+	t.statusMu.Unlock()
+	hasUpdate := false
+	if t.updater != nil {
+		hasUpdate = t.updater.hasUpdate()
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("tray applyIcon: connected=%v hasUpdate=%v status=%q goos=%s",
+		connected, hasUpdate, statusLabel, runtime.GOOS)
+
+	icon, dark := t.iconForState()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		t.tray.SetTemplateIcon(icon)
+		return
+	}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		// Wails' Linux SNI backend ignores SetDarkModeIcon (last write wins
+		// over SetIcon), so iconForState already picked the silhouette by
+		// panel theme; push that single icon.
+		t.tray.SetIcon(icon)
+		return
+	}
+	t.tray.SetIcon(icon)
+	if dark != nil {
+		t.tray.SetDarkModeIcon(dark)
+	}
+}
+
+// panelIsDark defaults to true when no detector is wired (panelDark nil —
+// non-Linux or portal unavailable), matching the common dark Linux panel.
+func (t *Tray) panelIsDark() bool {
+	if t.panelDark == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return t.panelDark()
+}
+
+func (t *Tray) iconForState() (icon, dark []byte) {
+	t.statusMu.Lock()
+	connected := t.connected
+	statusLabel := t.lastStatus
+	t.statusMu.Unlock()
+	hasUpdate := false
+	if t.updater != nil {
+		hasUpdate = t.updater.hasUpdate()
+	}
+
+	connecting := strings.EqualFold(statusLabel, services.StatusConnecting)
+	errored := strings.EqualFold(statusLabel, statusError) ||
+		strings.EqualFold(statusLabel, services.StatusDaemonUnavailable)
+	needsLogin := strings.EqualFold(statusLabel, services.StatusNeedsLogin) ||
+		strings.EqualFold(statusLabel, services.StatusSessionExpired) ||
+		strings.EqualFold(statusLabel, services.StatusLoginFailed)
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		switch {
+		case connecting:
+			return iconConnectingMacOS, nil
+		case errored:
+			return iconErrorMacOS, nil
+		case needsLogin:
+			return iconNeedsLoginMacOS, nil
+		case connected && hasUpdate:
+			return iconUpdateConnectedMacOS, nil
+		case connected:
+			return iconConnectedMacOS, nil
+		case hasUpdate:
+			return iconUpdateDisconnectedMacOS, nil
+		default:
+			return iconDisconnectedMacOS, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		// Theme resolved here (black for light panel, white for dark) since
+		// the SNI backend can't switch per theme (see applyIcon); second
+		// return is unused on Linux.
+		dark := t.panelIsDark()
+		pick := func(black, white []byte) ([]byte, []byte) {
+			if dark {
+				return white, nil
+			}
+			return black, nil
+		}
+		switch {
+		case connecting:
+			return pick(iconConnectingMono, iconConnectingMonoDark)
+		case errored:
+			return pick(iconErrorMono, iconErrorMonoDark)
+		case needsLogin:
+			return pick(iconNeedsLoginMono, iconNeedsLoginMonoDark)
+		case connected && hasUpdate:
+			return pick(iconUpdateConnectedMono, iconUpdateConnectedMonoDark)
+		case connected:
+			return pick(iconConnectedMono, iconConnectedMonoDark)
+		case hasUpdate:
+			return pick(iconUpdateDisconnectedMono, iconUpdateDisconnectedMonoDark)
+		default:
+			return pick(iconDisconnectedMono, iconDisconnectedMonoDark)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Windows: colored PNGs.
+	switch {
+	case connecting:
+		return iconConnecting, iconConnectingDark
+	case errored:
+		return iconError, iconErrorDark
+	case needsLogin:
+		return iconNeedsLogin, iconNeedsLogin
+	case connected && hasUpdate:
+		return iconUpdateConnected, iconUpdateConnectedDark
+	case connected:
+		return iconConnected, iconConnectedDark
+	case hasUpdate:
+		return iconUpdateDisconnected, iconUpdateDisconnectedDark
+	default:
+		return iconDisconnected, iconDisconnected
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_label_other.go b/client/ui/tray_label_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e104bc8e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_label_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build !windows && !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+// menuLabel is the identity on macOS/Linux, which render "&" literally;
+// Windows escapes it separately (tray_label_windows.go) to dodge the Win32 mnemonic.
+func menuLabel(s string) string { return s }
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_label_windows.go b/client/ui/tray_label_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c27ae9ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_label_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+import "strings"
+
+// menuLabel doubles ampersands so Win32 draws a literal "&" instead of
+// consuming it as the menu mnemonic prefix (Wails passes the label unescaped).
+func menuLabel(s string) string {
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(s, "&", "&&")
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_linux.go b/client/ui/tray_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d6e0a48b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//go:build linux && !386
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// init runs before Wails' own init(), so the env vars are set in time.
+func init() {
+	disableDMABUFRenderer()
+	disableCompositingMode()
+	disableWebKitSandboxIfNeeded()
+}
+
+func disableDMABUFRenderer() {
+	if os.Getenv("WEBKIT_DISABLE_DMABUF_RENDERER") != "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// WebKitGTK's DMA-BUF renderer leaves a blank-white window on many setups
+	// (VMs, containers, minimal WMs). Wails only disables it for NVIDIA+Wayland,
+	// but the issue is broader; software rendering is fine for a small UI.
+	_ = os.Setenv("WEBKIT_DISABLE_DMABUF_RENDERER", "1")
+}
+
+func disableCompositingMode() {
+	if os.Getenv("WEBKIT_DISABLE_COMPOSITING_MODE") != "" {
+		return
+	}
+	// Disabling the DMA-BUF renderer alone isn't enough on some Intel setups: the
+	// GL compositor still hits Mesa's unimplemented DRM-format-modifier paths and
+	// SIGSEGVs inside g_application_run before the first frame.
+	_ = os.Setenv("WEBKIT_DISABLE_COMPOSITING_MODE", "1")
+}
+
+// disableWebKitSandboxIfNeeded works around WebKitGTK crashing at startup when
+// its bwrap sandbox can't create an unprivileged user namespace (containers/VMs,
+// or Ubuntu 24.04+ AppArmor restrictions).
+func disableWebKitSandboxIfNeeded() {
+	if _, set := os.LookupEnv("WEBKIT_DISABLE_SANDBOX_THIS_IS_DANGEROUS"); set {
+		return
+	}
+	if unprivilegedUsernsAllowed() {
+		return
+	}
+	_ = os.Setenv("WEBKIT_DISABLE_SANDBOX_THIS_IS_DANGEROUS", "1")
+}
+
+// unprivilegedUsernsAllowed reports whether the kernel permits unprivileged
+// user namespaces (needed by WebKit's bwrap sandbox). Absent knobs are treated
+// as allowed, to avoid needlessly weakening the sandbox.
+func unprivilegedUsernsAllowed() bool {
+	// Debian/Ubuntu legacy switch: 0 disables unprivileged user namespaces.
+	if v, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone"); err == nil {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(string(v)) == "0" {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	// Ubuntu 24.04+ AppArmor restriction: non-zero restricts/blocks them.
+	if v, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/sys/kernel/apparmor_restrict_unprivileged_userns"); err == nil {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(string(v)) != "0" {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Linux's tray provider needs the menu recreated rather than updated in place;
+// tray.go's rebuildExitNodeMenu already does this, so no extra workaround here.
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_notify.go b/client/ui/tray_notify.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5b2629419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_notify.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/services/notifications"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+const notifyIDDaemonOutdated = "netbird-daemon-outdated"
+
+// sendFn fits both NotificationService.SendNotification and SendNotificationWithActions.
+type sendFn func(notifications.NotificationOptions) error
+
+// safeSendNotification sends a best-effort OS notification, swallowing errors and panics.
+//
+// The panic guard is load-bearing on Linux: when Wails' notifier fails to
+// connect the session bus at startup (headless, unreachable
+// DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS) it stays registered with a nil *dbus.Conn, so the
+// next send nil-derefs inside godbus. Because sends run on a Wails
+// event-dispatch goroutine that panic is fatal process-wide; recover() turns
+// it into a logged no-op.
+func safeSendNotification(send sendFn, what string, opts notifications.NotificationOptions) (err error) {
+	if services.ShuttingDown() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			log.Errorf("notify %s: recovered from panic (notification bus unavailable): %v", what, r)
+			err = nil
+		}
+	}()
+	if err := send(opts); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("notify %s: %v", what, err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// notifyIfDaemonOutdated probes the daemon once and fires an OS toast when it
+// is reachable but too old for this UI. A probe error means the daemon isn't
+// reachable (not outdated), so it is left to the normal connection flow.
+func notifyIfDaemonOutdated(compat *services.Compat, notifier *Notifier, loc *Localizer) {
+	ready, err := compat.DaemonReady(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("daemon compatibility probe: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if ready {
+		return
+	}
+	_ = safeSendNotification(notifier.SendNotification, "daemon-outdated", notifications.NotificationOptions{
+		ID:    notifyIDDaemonOutdated,
+		Title: loc.T("notify.daemonOutdated.title"),
+		Body:  loc.T("notify.daemonOutdated.body"),
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_profiles.go b/client/ui/tray_profiles.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5251c138e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_profiles.go
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/internal/profilemanager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+// formatProfileLabel returns the display label for a profile. Profiles can
+// share the same Name, so when more than one profile in profiles carries this
+// Name, a short form of the ID is appended to disambiguate the entries.
+func formatProfileLabel(profile services.Profile, profiles []services.Profile) string {
+	count := 0
+	for _, p := range profiles {
+		if p.Name == profile.Name {
+			count++
+		}
+	}
+	if count <= 1 {
+		return profile.Name
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", profile.Name, profilemanager.ID(profile.ID).ShortID())
+}
+
+// loadConfig caches the active-profile identity and the notifications gate.
+// Runs in a startup goroutine so a slow daemon does not block menu construction.
+func (t *Tray) loadConfig() {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	active, err := t.svc.Profiles.GetActive(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("get active profile: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	// Address the active profile by ID (the daemon resolves it as a handle),
+	// since display names can collide. ConfigParams no longer matches
+	// ActiveProfile's shape for a struct conversion now that it carries an ID.
+	cfg, err := t.svc.Settings.GetConfig(ctx, services.ConfigParams{
+		ProfileName: active.ID,
+		Username:    active.Username,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("get config: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	t.profileMu.Lock()
+	t.activeProfile = active.ProfileName
+	t.activeUsername = active.Username
+	t.notificationsEnabled = !cfg.DisableNotifications
+	t.profileMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// loadProfiles fetches the profile list and relayouts the menu. Also called
+// from applyStatus to catch flips from another channel (CLI, autoconnect),
+// since the daemon emits no active-profile event. Full relayout (not
+// Clear()+Add()) is required for KDE/Plasma — see relayoutMenu's doc comment.
+func (t *Tray) loadProfiles() {
+	t.profileLoadMu.Lock()
+	defer t.profileLoadMu.Unlock()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	username, err := t.svc.Profiles.Username()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("get current user: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	profiles, err := t.svc.Profiles.List(ctx, username)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("list profiles: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	t.profilesMu.Lock()
+	t.profiles = profiles
+	t.profilesUser = username
+	t.profilesMu.Unlock()
+
+	t.relayoutMenu()
+}
+
+// fillProfileSubmenu paints cached profile rows into the freshly built submenu.
+// Pure UI: never fetches, never calls SetMenu (relayoutMenu owns the SetMenu).
+func (t *Tray) fillProfileSubmenu() {
+	if t.profileSubmenu == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	t.profilesMu.Lock()
+	profiles := append([]services.Profile(nil), t.profiles...)
+	username := t.profilesUser
+	t.profilesMu.Unlock()
+
+	sort.Slice(profiles, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if profiles[i].Name != profiles[j].Name {
+			return profiles[i].Name < profiles[j].Name
+		}
+		return profiles[i].ID < profiles[j].ID
+	})
+
+	// Wails' systray does not reliably propagate a disabled parent to its
+	// children on every platform, so disable each row explicitly.
+	disableProfiles, _ := t.featuresDisabled()
+
+	t.profileSubmenu.Clear()
+	var activeName, activeEmail string
+	for _, p := range profiles {
+		id := p.ID
+		// Display names can collide, so disambiguate with a short ID suffix.
+		display := formatProfileLabel(p, profiles)
+		active := p.IsActive
+		// Add, not AddCheckbox: Wails auto-toggles a checkbox on click before
+		// OnClick fires, so both old and new would briefly show checked during
+		// the switch. A plain item with a "✓ " prefix avoids the race.
+		label := display
+		if active {
+			label = "✓ " + display
+		}
+		item := t.profileSubmenu.Add(label)
+		item.OnClick(func(*application.Context) {
+			log.Infof("tray profile click: profile=%q id=%q wasActive=%v", display, id, active)
+			if active {
+				return
+			}
+			t.switchProfile(id, display)
+		})
+		item.SetEnabled(!disableProfiles)
+		if active {
+			activeName = display
+			activeEmail = p.Email
+		}
+	}
+	t.profileSubmenu.AddSeparator()
+	manageProfiles := t.profileSubmenu.Add(t.loc.T("tray.menu.manageProfiles"))
+	manageProfiles.OnClick(func(*application.Context) {
+		t.svc.WindowManager.OpenSettings("profiles")
+	})
+	manageProfiles.SetEnabled(!disableProfiles)
+	log.Infof("tray fillProfileSubmenu: %d profile(s) for user %q, active=%q", len(profiles), username, activeName)
+	if t.profileSubmenuItem != nil && activeName != "" {
+		t.profileSubmenuItem.SetLabel(activeName)
+	}
+	if t.profileEmailItem != nil {
+		if activeEmail != "" {
+			t.profileEmailItem.SetLabel(fmt.Sprintf("(%s)", activeEmail))
+			t.profileEmailItem.SetHidden(false)
+		} else {
+			t.profileEmailItem.SetHidden(true)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// switchProfile cancels any in-flight switch before starting a new one, so
+// rapid clicks converge to the last selected profile. Optimistic paint and
+// event suppression live in ProfileSwitcher, shared with the React Status page.
+// switchProfile sends handle (the profile's ID) to the daemon, which resolves
+// it precisely even when display names collide. display is used only for the
+// failure notification.
+func (t *Tray) switchProfile(handle, display string) {
+	t.profileMu.Lock()
+	if t.switchCancel != nil {
+		t.switchCancel()
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.switchCancel = cancel
+	t.profileMu.Unlock()
+
+	go func() {
+		username, err := t.svc.Profiles.Username()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("tray switchProfile: get current user: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if err := t.svc.ProfileSwitcher.SwitchActive(ctx, services.ProfileRef{
+			ProfileName: handle,
+			Username:    username,
+		}); err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			log.Errorf("tray switchProfile: %v", err)
+			t.notifyError(t.loc.T("notify.error.switchProfile", "profile", display))
+			return
+		}
+		t.loadProfiles()
+	}()
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_session.go b/client/ui/tray_session.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91c38be08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/services/notifications"
+
+	nbstatus "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/status"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/authsession"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+const (
+	notifyIDSessionExpired = "netbird-session-expired"
+	notifyIDSessionWarning = "netbird-session-warning"
+
+	notifyCategorySessionWarning = "netbird-session-warning"
+	notifyActionExtendNow        = "extend-now"
+	notifyActionDismiss          = "dismiss"
+
+	// finalWarningCountdownSeconds must stay in sync by hand with sessionwatch.FinalWarningLead.
+	finalWarningCountdownSeconds = 120
+)
+
+// handleSessionExpired notifies and brings the window forward so the user can reconnect.
+func (t *Tray) handleSessionExpired() {
+	t.notify(t.loc.T("notify.sessionExpired.title"), t.loc.T("notify.sessionExpired.body"), notifyIDSessionExpired)
+	t.showMain()
+}
+
+// applySessionExpiry refreshes the cached SSO deadline and reports whether it changed.
+// Cache-only; the caller relayouts when this returns true.
+func (t *Tray) applySessionExpiry(deadline *time.Time, connected bool) bool {
+	var d time.Time
+	if connected && deadline != nil {
+		d = *deadline
+	}
+
+	t.sessionMu.Lock()
+	changed := !t.sessionExpiresAt.Equal(d)
+	t.sessionExpiresAt = d
+	t.sessionMu.Unlock()
+
+	if changed {
+		switch {
+		case deadline == nil:
+			log.Infof("tray applySessionExpiry: deadline=<nil> connected=%v → row hidden", connected)
+		case deadline.IsZero():
+			log.Infof("tray applySessionExpiry: deadline=<zero> connected=%v → row hidden", connected)
+		default:
+			log.Infof("tray applySessionExpiry: deadline=%s (in %s) connected=%v",
+				deadline.Format(time.RFC3339), time.Until(*deadline), connected)
+		}
+	}
+	return changed
+}
+
+// runSessionExpiryTicker recomputes the "Expires in …" row label until process exit.
+// The interval scales with the remaining time: coarse when the deadline is far off,
+// down to 10s in the final two minutes so the label doesn't lag the ceiling-rounded
+// countdown near expiry. The cached deadline is re-read every iteration, so an extend
+// or reconnect that moves it is picked up on the next tick.
+func (t *Tray) runSessionExpiryTicker() {
+	tm := time.NewTimer(sessionRefreshInterval(t.sessionRemaining()))
+	defer tm.Stop()
+	for range tm.C {
+		t.refreshSessionExpiresLabel()
+		tm.Reset(sessionRefreshInterval(t.sessionRemaining()))
+	}
+}
+
+// sessionRemaining returns the time left on the cached SSO deadline, or 0 when unknown.
+func (t *Tray) sessionRemaining() time.Duration {
+	t.sessionMu.Lock()
+	deadline := t.sessionExpiresAt
+	t.sessionMu.Unlock()
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return time.Until(deadline)
+}
+
+// sessionRefreshInterval picks how long to wait before the next label recompute.
+func sessionRefreshInterval(remaining time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	switch {
+	case remaining <= 0:
+		return 30 * time.Second
+	case remaining <= 2*time.Minute:
+		return 10 * time.Second
+	case remaining <= time.Hour:
+		return 30 * time.Second
+	default:
+		return time.Minute
+	}
+}
+
+// refreshSessionExpiresLabel updates only the countdown label, no relayout, to avoid disturbing an open menu.
+// The item is snapshotted under menuMu since buildMenu reassigns it on every relayout.
+func (t *Tray) refreshSessionExpiresLabel() {
+	t.menuMu.Lock()
+	item := t.sessionExpiresItem
+	t.menuMu.Unlock()
+	if item == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	t.sessionMu.Lock()
+	deadline := t.sessionExpiresAt
+	t.sessionMu.Unlock()
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		return
+	}
+	item.SetLabel(t.sessionRowLabel(deadline))
+}
+
+func (t *Tray) sessionRowLabel(deadline time.Time) string {
+	remaining := time.Until(deadline)
+	if remaining <= 0 {
+		return t.loc.T("tray.status.sessionExpired")
+	}
+	return t.loc.T("tray.session.expiresIn", "remaining", t.formatSessionRemaining(remaining))
+}
+
+// formatSessionRemaining renders d as a localised long-form string picking the largest non-zero unit.
+// Each unit is rounded up so the label never claims less time than actually remains, matching the
+// upper-bound sense of the sub-minute "less than a minute" fragment.
+// Singular/plural keys are split per language for proper translation.
+func (t *Tray) formatSessionRemaining(d time.Duration) string {
+	switch {
+	case d < time.Minute:
+		return t.loc.T("tray.session.unit.lessThanMinute")
+	case d <= 59*time.Minute:
+		m := ceilDiv(d, time.Minute)
+		if m == 1 {
+			return t.loc.T("tray.session.unit.minute")
+		}
+		return t.loc.T("tray.session.unit.minutes", "count", strconv.Itoa(m))
+	case d <= 23*time.Hour:
+		h := ceilDiv(d, time.Hour)
+		if h == 1 {
+			return t.loc.T("tray.session.unit.hour")
+		}
+		return t.loc.T("tray.session.unit.hours", "count", strconv.Itoa(h))
+	default:
+		days := ceilDiv(d, 24*time.Hour)
+		if days == 1 {
+			return t.loc.T("tray.session.unit.day")
+		}
+		return t.loc.T("tray.session.unit.days", "count", strconv.Itoa(days))
+	}
+}
+
+// ceilDiv divides d by unit rounding up, assuming d > 0.
+func ceilDiv(d, unit time.Duration) int {
+	return int((d + unit - time.Nanosecond) / unit)
+}
+
+// registerSessionWarningCategory wires the OS notification category and response handler for the expiry warning.
+// Errors are swallowed since the worst case is a plain notification without buttons.
+func (t *Tray) registerSessionWarningCategory() {
+	if t.svc.Notifier == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := t.svc.Notifier.RegisterNotificationCategory(notifications.NotificationCategory{
+		ID: notifyCategorySessionWarning,
+		Actions: []notifications.NotificationAction{
+			{ID: notifyActionExtendNow, Title: t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.extend")},
+			{ID: notifyActionDismiss, Title: t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.dismiss")},
+		},
+	}); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("register session-warning notification category: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.svc.Notifier.OnNotificationResponse(func(result notifications.NotificationResult) {
+		if result.Error != nil {
+			log.Debugf("notification response error: %v", result.Error)
+			return
+		}
+		if result.Response.CategoryID != notifyCategorySessionWarning {
+			return
+		}
+		switch result.Response.ActionIdentifier {
+		case notifyActionExtendNow, notifications.DefaultActionIdentifier:
+			// DefaultActionIdentifier is the body-click on platforms with no separate buttons; treat as Extend.
+			go t.runExtendSession()
+		case notifyActionDismiss:
+			go t.dismissSessionWarning()
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// buildSessionWarningBody composes the localised notification body from the daemon's metadata.
+// The daemon has no locale, so it ships an RFC3339 deadline the tray turns into a user-language sentence.
+// Falls back to a generic string when metadata is missing or unparsable.
+func (t *Tray) buildSessionWarningBody(meta map[string]string) string {
+	if meta == nil {
+		return t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric")
+	}
+	raw := meta[authsession.MetaExpiresAt]
+	if raw == "" {
+		return t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric")
+	}
+	deadline, err := authsession.ParseExpiresAt(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.bodyGeneric")
+	}
+	remaining := nbstatus.FormatRemainingDuration(time.Until(deadline))
+	return t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.body", "remaining", remaining)
+}
+
+// notifySessionWarning sends the interactive expiry notification, falling back to plain notify when the
+// with-actions variant is unavailable (older platform impls, or a bare Notifier in tests).
+func (t *Tray) notifySessionWarning(title, body string) {
+	if t.svc.Notifier == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	err := safeSendNotification(t.svc.Notifier.SendNotificationWithActions, "session-warning with actions", notifications.NotificationOptions{
+		ID:         notifyIDSessionWarning,
+		Title:      title,
+		Body:       body,
+		CategoryID: notifyCategorySessionWarning,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		// A recovered panic returns nil err, so a dead bus correctly skips this fallback (it would panic too).
+		t.notify(title, body, notifyIDSessionWarning)
+	}
+}
+
+// runExtendSession drives the daemon's RequestExtend + WaitExtend pair, opening the browser via Connection.OpenURL.
+// Errors surface as notifyError rather than foreground UI, since the warning may fire while the window is closed.
+func (t *Tray) runExtendSession() {
+	if t.svc.Session == nil || t.svc.Connection == nil {
+		log.Debugf("session-warning: extend requested but services not wired")
+		return
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	start, err := t.svc.Session.RequestExtend(ctx, services.ExtendStartParams{})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("session-warning: RequestExtend failed: %v", err)
+		t.notifyError(t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.failed"))
+		return
+	}
+
+	uri := start.VerificationURIComplete
+	if uri == "" {
+		uri = start.VerificationURI
+	}
+	if uri != "" {
+		if err := t.svc.Connection.OpenURL(uri); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("session-warning: opening verification URL: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	result, err := t.svc.Session.WaitExtend(ctx, services.ExtendWaitParams{
+		DeviceCode: start.DeviceCode,
+		UserCode:   start.UserCode,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("session-warning: WaitExtend failed: %v", err)
+		t.notifyError(t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.failed"))
+		return
+	}
+	if result.Preempted {
+		// Another UI surface owns the flow; stay silent so the user only sees the surviving flow's outcome.
+		log.Debugf("session-warning: WaitExtend preempted by a newer flow")
+		return
+	}
+	t.notify(t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.successTitle"), t.loc.T("notify.sessionWarning.successBody"), notifyIDSessionWarning)
+}
+
+// dismissSessionWarning tells the daemon to silence the fallback dialog for the current deadline.
+// Best-effort: a failure only means the dialog will still appear.
+func (t *Tray) dismissSessionWarning() {
+	if t.svc.Session == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := t.svc.Session.DismissWarning(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("session-warning: DismissWarning failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// openSessionExpiration fires the fallback dialog when the earlier warning notification wasn't dismissed.
+// deadline is the absolute expiry from the warning event's metadata; when zero (older daemon,
+// malformed metadata) the cached status-snapshot deadline fills in. Idempotent on the
+// WindowManager side.
+func (t *Tray) openSessionExpiration(deadline time.Time) {
+	if t.svc.WindowManager == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		t.sessionMu.Lock()
+		deadline = t.sessionExpiresAt
+		t.sessionMu.Unlock()
+	}
+	var deadlineMs int64
+	if !deadline.IsZero() {
+		deadlineMs = deadline.UnixMilli()
+	}
+	t.svc.WindowManager.OpenSessionExpiration(finalWarningCountdownSeconds, deadlineMs)
+}
+
+// openSessionExtendFlow opens the SessionExpiration window seeded with the cached deadline's remaining time,
+// for the "Expires in …" tray row. Once the deadline has elapsed the row reads "Session expired" and the
+// click routes to the login flow instead. No-op when the deadline is unknown.
+func (t *Tray) openSessionExtendFlow() {
+	t.sessionMu.Lock()
+	deadline := t.sessionExpiresAt
+	t.sessionMu.Unlock()
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		return
+	}
+	seconds := int(time.Until(deadline).Seconds())
+	if seconds <= 0 {
+		t.showMainAndEmit(services.EventTriggerLogin)
+		return
+	}
+	if t.svc.WindowManager == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	t.svc.WindowManager.OpenSessionExpiration(seconds, deadline.UnixMilli())
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_status.go b/client/ui/tray_status.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..793f1785a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_status.go
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+)
+
+func (t *Tray) onStatusEvent(ev *application.CustomEvent) {
+	st, ok := ev.Data.(services.Status)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	t.applyStatus(st)
+}
+
+// applyStatus repaints the tray from a daemon snapshot. Icon refresh is skipped
+// when no icon-relevant input changed: the daemon emits rapid SubscribeStatus
+// bursts during health probes that would otherwise spam Shell_NotifyIcon.
+func (t *Tray) applyStatus(st services.Status) {
+	t.statusMu.Lock()
+	connected := strings.EqualFold(st.Status, services.StatusConnected)
+	iconChanged := connected != t.connected || st.Status != t.lastStatus
+	// The daemon re-emits SessionExpired on every snapshot while expired; act
+	// only on the transition into it so the notification fires once.
+	sessionExpiredEnter := strings.EqualFold(st.Status, services.StatusSessionExpired) &&
+		!strings.EqualFold(t.lastStatus, services.StatusSessionExpired)
+
+	triggerLogin := t.consumePendingConnectLogin(st.Status)
+
+	daemonVersionChanged := st.DaemonVersion != "" && st.DaemonVersion != t.lastDaemonVersion
+	t.connected = connected
+	t.lastStatus = st.Status
+	if daemonVersionChanged {
+		t.lastDaemonVersion = st.DaemonVersion
+	}
+
+	revisionChanged := st.NetworksRevision != t.lastNetworksRevision
+	t.lastNetworksRevision = st.NetworksRevision
+	t.statusMu.Unlock()
+
+	if triggerLogin {
+		t.app.Event.Emit(services.EventTriggerLogin)
+	}
+
+	// Cache-only; the row is painted by the relayout below.
+	sessionChanged := t.applySessionExpiry(st.SessionExpiresAt, connected)
+
+	if iconChanged {
+		t.applyIcon()
+	}
+	// All repainting goes through relayoutMenu (menuMu-serialised): applyStatus
+	// runs concurrently with itself and with relayouts, so in-place item
+	// mutation would race the buildMenu pointer swap.
+	if iconChanged || daemonVersionChanged || sessionChanged {
+		t.relayoutMenu()
+	}
+	// The revision is the only reliable signal: candidate routes never appear
+	// in the peer-status snapshot, so a removed exit node would go unnoticed.
+	if iconChanged || revisionChanged {
+		go t.refreshExitNodes()
+	}
+	// The daemon emits no active-profile event, so profile flips driven
+	// elsewhere (CLI, autoconnect) surface via status transitions.
+	if iconChanged {
+		go t.loadProfiles()
+	}
+	if sessionExpiredEnter {
+		t.handleSessionExpired()
+	}
+}
+
+// consumePendingConnectLogin acts on the SSO auto-handoff flag armed by
+// handleConnect. Returns true on NeedsLogin so the browser-login flow starts
+// without a second Connect click; clears the flag on any terminal state so a
+// stale flag can't fire on a later daemon flip. Must hold statusMu.
+func (t *Tray) consumePendingConnectLogin(status string) bool {
+	if !t.pendingConnectLogin {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch {
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusNeedsLogin):
+		t.pendingConnectLogin = false
+		return true
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusConnected),
+		strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusIdle),
+		strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusLoginFailed),
+		strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusSessionExpired),
+		strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusDaemonUnavailable):
+		t.pendingConnectLogin = false
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// applyStatusIndicator sets the status dot bitmap. Call only from relayoutMenu
+// (menuMu held): on macOS the bitmap repaints via the relayout's trailing
+// SetMenu, not here — the tree is half-built.
+func (t *Tray) applyStatusIndicator(status string) {
+	if t.statusItem == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	t.statusItem.SetBitmap(statusIndicatorBitmap(status))
+}
+
+func statusIndicatorBitmap(status string) []byte {
+	switch {
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusConnected):
+		return iconMenuDotConnected
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusConnecting):
+		return iconMenuDotConnecting
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusNeedsLogin),
+		strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusSessionExpired):
+		return iconMenuDotConnecting
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusLoginFailed),
+		strings.EqualFold(status, statusError):
+		return iconMenuDotError
+	case strings.EqualFold(status, services.StatusDaemonUnavailable):
+		return iconMenuDotOffline
+	default:
+		return iconMenuDotIdle
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_status_enabled_linux.go b/client/ui/tray_status_enabled_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab7f869b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_status_enabled_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package main
+
+// statusRowEnabled keeps the top status row enabled on Linux: a disabled row
+// paints greyed-out, washing out the status dot. The row has no OnClick, so
+// enabling only affects drawing.
+func statusRowEnabled() bool { return true }
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_status_enabled_other.go b/client/ui/tray_status_enabled_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..606a7d702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_status_enabled_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build !windows && !linux && !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+// statusRowEnabled is false on macOS: disabling the row dims the label (signalling
+// non-clickable) while keeping the bitmap opaque, so the coloured dot stays visible.
+func statusRowEnabled() bool { return false }
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_status_enabled_windows.go b/client/ui/tray_status_enabled_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06750b7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_status_enabled_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+// statusRowEnabled is always true on Windows: the Win32 disabled-state mask
+// desaturates the row's HBITMAP, which would grey out the coloured status dot.
+func statusRowEnabled() bool { return true }
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_theme_linux.go b/client/ui/tray_theme_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3249e57a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_theme_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+//go:build linux && !(linux && 386)
+
+package main
+
+// Wails v3's Linux SNI backend ignores SetDarkModeIcon (it just calls setIcon,
+// last write wins) and SNI carries no panel dark/light hint, so we detect the
+// desktop colour scheme ourselves and pick the silhouette in iconForState.
+// The live watcher is in tray_theme_watcher_linux.go.
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// startTrayTheme seeds t.panelDark and repaints on colour-scheme flips. Must
+// run before the first applyIcon so the initial paint uses the right silhouette.
+func (t *Tray) startTrayTheme() {
+	w := startThemeWatcher(func() { t.applyIcon() })
+	t.panelDark = w.IsDark
+}
+
+// isKDE reports whether the current desktop is KDE Plasma. XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP
+// is a colon-separated list (e.g. "ubuntu:KDE"), so match per token.
+func isKDE() bool {
+	for _, d := range strings.Split(os.Getenv("XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP"), ":") {
+		if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(d), "KDE") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// kdeglobalsPath returns the user kdeglobals path. We read only this file, not
+// the full XDG_CONFIG_DIRS cascade: Plasma writes the active scheme here, and a
+// missing Complementary group falls back to the portal.
+func kdeglobalsPath() string {
+	if dir := os.Getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME"); dir != "" {
+		return filepath.Join(dir, "kdeglobals")
+	}
+	home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(home, ".config", "kdeglobals")
+}
+
+// kdePanelIsDark reports whether the KDE Plasma panel is dark by the luma of
+// its "Complementary" background (the colour Plasma paints the tray with). ok
+// is false when this isn't KDE or the colour can't be read, so the caller falls
+// through to the portal/GTK path.
+func kdePanelIsDark() (dark, ok bool) {
+	if !isKDE() {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	path := kdeglobalsPath()
+	if path == "" {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	rgb, ok := readKdeComplementaryBackground(path)
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	return isDarkRGB(rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2]), true
+}
+
+// readKdeComplementaryBackground parses kdeglobals for
+// [Colors:Complementary] BackgroundNormal and returns its R,G,B (0-255).
+func readKdeComplementaryBackground(path string) (rgb [3]uint8, ok bool) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: kdeglobals open failed, using portal: %v", err)
+		return rgb, false
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
+
+	const group = "[Colors:Complementary]"
+	inGroup := false
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "[") {
+			inGroup = line == group
+			continue
+		}
+		if !inGroup {
+			continue
+		}
+		key, val, found := strings.Cut(line, "=")
+		if !found || strings.TrimSpace(key) != "BackgroundNormal" {
+			continue
+		}
+		return parseRGB(strings.TrimSpace(val))
+	}
+	return rgb, false
+}
+
+// parseRGB parses KDE's "r,g,b" colour triple into bytes.
+func parseRGB(s string) (rgb [3]uint8, ok bool) {
+	parts := strings.Split(s, ",")
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return rgb, false
+	}
+	for i, p := range parts {
+		n, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(p))
+		if err != nil || n < 0 || n > 255 {
+			return rgb, false
+		}
+		rgb[i] = uint8(n)
+	}
+	return rgb, true
+}
+
+// isDarkRGB reports whether a colour is dark via Rec. 601 luma, split at the
+// 128 midpoint.
+func isDarkRGB(r, g, b uint8) bool {
+	luma := (299*int(r) + 587*int(g) + 114*int(b)) / 1000
+	return luma < 128
+}
+
+// gtkThemeIsDark inspects the GTK_THEME env var. Empty (no override) is treated
+// as dark to match the default-dark fallback used elsewhere.
+func gtkThemeIsDark() bool {
+	theme := os.Getenv("GTK_THEME")
+	if theme == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	// GTK_THEME is "Name[:variant]"; the dark variant is ":dark".
+	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(theme), ":dark")
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_theme_linux_test.go b/client/ui/tray_theme_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f14f08d7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_theme_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+//go:build linux && !(linux && 386)
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestReadKdeComplementaryBackground(t *testing.T) {
+	// Mirrors the KDE test VM's kdeglobals: Window light, Complementary dark.
+	// The tray sits on the panel, which Plasma paints from Complementary, so
+	// the panel is dark even though the global color-scheme is Light.
+	content := `[Colors:Window]
+BackgroundNormal=239,240,241
+
+[Colors:Complementary]
+BackgroundAlternate=27,30,32
+BackgroundNormal=42,46,50
+
+[General]
+ColorSchemeHash=0be804dba87e3512aeb4be3d78ed981f59f0f2f4
+`
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "kdeglobals")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(content), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	rgb, ok := readKdeComplementaryBackground(path)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected to find Complementary BackgroundNormal")
+	}
+	if rgb != [3]uint8{42, 46, 50} {
+		t.Fatalf("rgb = %v, want [42 46 50]", rgb)
+	}
+	if !isDarkRGB(rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2]) {
+		t.Fatal("panel colour 42,46,50 should be dark")
+	}
+	// The Window background (what color-scheme reflects) is light — the bug
+	// this fix addresses is picking the icon from that instead of the panel.
+	if isDarkRGB(239, 240, 241) {
+		t.Fatal("window colour 239,240,241 should be light")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadKdeComplementaryBackgroundMissingGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "kdeglobals")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("[Colors:Window]\nBackgroundNormal=1,2,3\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, ok := readKdeComplementaryBackground(path); ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected not-ok when Complementary group is absent")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseRGB(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, ok := parseRGB("1,2"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("two components should fail")
+	}
+	if _, ok := parseRGB("300,0,0"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("out-of-range should fail")
+	}
+	if _, ok := parseRGB("a,b,c"); ok {
+		t.Fatal("non-numeric should fail")
+	}
+	rgb, ok := parseRGB(" 10 , 20 , 30 ")
+	if !ok || rgb != [3]uint8{10, 20, 30} {
+		t.Fatalf("parseRGB = %v ok=%v, want [10 20 30] true", rgb, ok)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsDarkRGB(t *testing.T) {
+	if !isDarkRGB(0, 0, 0) {
+		t.Fatal("black is dark")
+	}
+	if isDarkRGB(255, 255, 255) {
+		t.Fatal("white is light")
+	}
+	if !isDarkRGB(42, 46, 50) {
+		t.Fatal("Breeze panel grey is dark")
+	}
+	if isDarkRGB(239, 240, 241) {
+		t.Fatal("Breeze window grey is light")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_theme_other.go b/client/ui/tray_theme_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f85e1603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_theme_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+//go:build (!linux || (linux && 386)) && !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+func (t *Tray) startTrayTheme() {
+	// No-op off Linux: leaves panelDark nil so panelIsDark uses its default.
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_theme_watcher_linux.go b/client/ui/tray_theme_watcher_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9bafe30b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_theme_watcher_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+//go:build linux && !(linux && 386)
+
+package main
+
+// Sources: the freedesktop Settings portal's SettingChanged signal, and on KDE
+// the kdeglobals file (the portal's color-scheme doesn't track the panel's
+// Complementary colour — see readDarkMode). The dark/light decision lives in
+// tray_theme_linux.go; this file owns the session-bus connection and subscriptions.
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	portalBusName    = "org.freedesktop.portal.Desktop"
+	portalObjectPath = "/org/freedesktop/portal/desktop"
+	portalSettings   = "org.freedesktop.portal.Settings"
+
+	appearanceNamespace = "org.freedesktop.appearance"
+	colorSchemeKey      = "color-scheme"
+
+	colorSchemeNoPreference = 0
+	colorSchemePreferDark   = 1
+	colorSchemePreferLight  = 2
+)
+
+// themeWatcher owns a private session-bus connection so its signal subscription
+// is isolated from the SNI watcher's.
+type themeWatcher struct {
+	conn     *dbus.Conn
+	onChange func()
+
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	darkMode bool
+}
+
+// startThemeWatcher returns nil if the session bus is unavailable; callers treat
+// a nil watcher as "no preference", keeping the default-dark icon.
+func startThemeWatcher(onChange func()) *themeWatcher {
+	conn, err := dbus.SessionBusPrivate()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: session bus unavailable, defaulting to dark icons: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := conn.Auth(nil); err != nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: dbus auth failed: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := conn.Hello(); err != nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: dbus hello failed: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	w := &themeWatcher{conn: conn, onChange: onChange}
+	w.darkMode = w.readDarkMode()
+
+	if err := w.subscribe(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: SettingChanged subscription failed, theme is static: %v", err)
+		// Keep the connection: the seeded darkMode value is still useful.
+	}
+
+	// The portal's signal doesn't track KDE's panel Complementary colour.
+	if isKDE() {
+		w.watchKdeglobals()
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("tray theme: panel dark mode = %v", w.IsDark())
+	return w
+}
+
+// IsDark reports true for a nil watcher, so the icon defaults to the white
+// silhouette suiting the common dark Linux panel.
+func (w *themeWatcher) IsDark() bool {
+	if w == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+	return w.darkMode
+}
+
+// readDarkMode resolves whether the panel the tray icon sits on is dark.
+//
+// On KDE the freedesktop color-scheme is the application preference, not the
+// panel's: Plasma paints its panel from the Breeze "Complementary" group, which
+// stays dark even under a Light global scheme, so we read the panel background
+// from kdeglobals first and decide by its luma. Off KDE the color-scheme portal
+// is the source; on "no preference" (0) or when unavailable we fall back to
+// GTK_THEME (":dark" suffix ⇒ dark), then default to dark.
+func (w *themeWatcher) readDarkMode() bool {
+	if dark, ok := kdePanelIsDark(); ok {
+		return dark
+	}
+	switch w.readColorScheme() {
+	case colorSchemePreferDark:
+		return true
+	case colorSchemePreferLight:
+		return false
+	default:
+		return gtkThemeIsDark()
+	}
+}
+
+// readColorScheme returns the raw freedesktop color-scheme value, or
+// colorSchemeNoPreference when the portal can't be reached.
+func (w *themeWatcher) readColorScheme() uint32 {
+	obj := w.conn.Object(portalBusName, portalObjectPath)
+	call := obj.Call(portalSettings+".Read", 0, appearanceNamespace, colorSchemeKey)
+	if call.Err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: portal Read failed, falling back to GTK_THEME: %v", call.Err)
+		return colorSchemeNoPreference
+	}
+
+	var v dbus.Variant
+	if err := call.Store(&v); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: portal Read decode failed, falling back to GTK_THEME: %v", err)
+		return colorSchemeNoPreference
+	}
+
+	return variantToColorScheme(v)
+}
+
+func (w *themeWatcher) subscribe() error {
+	if err := w.conn.AddMatchSignal(
+		dbus.WithMatchObjectPath(portalObjectPath),
+		dbus.WithMatchInterface(portalSettings),
+		dbus.WithMatchMember("SettingChanged"),
+	); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	sigs := make(chan *dbus.Signal, 8)
+	w.conn.Signal(sigs)
+	go w.loop(sigs)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w *themeWatcher) loop(sigs chan *dbus.Signal) {
+	for sig := range sigs {
+		if sig.Name != portalSettings+".SettingChanged" {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Signal body: (namespace string, key string, value variant).
+		if len(sig.Body) < 3 {
+			continue
+		}
+		namespace, _ := sig.Body[0].(string)
+		key, _ := sig.Body[1].(string)
+		if namespace != appearanceNamespace || key != colorSchemeKey {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := sig.Body[2].(dbus.Variant); !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Re-resolve via readDarkMode, not the signal value: under KDE the panel
+		// colour comes from kdeglobals, so the signal value would be wrong.
+		w.update()
+	}
+}
+
+func (w *themeWatcher) update() {
+	dark := w.readDarkMode()
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	changed := dark != w.darkMode
+	w.darkMode = dark
+	w.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if changed && w.onChange != nil {
+		log.Infof("tray theme: panel dark mode changed to %v", dark)
+		w.onChange()
+	}
+}
+
+// watchKdeglobals watches the parent directory, not the file: KDE rewrites
+// kdeglobals atomically (write-temp + rename), which would drop an inotify watch
+// on the original inode. Filtering by name re-arms implicitly.
+func (w *themeWatcher) watchKdeglobals() {
+	path := kdeglobalsPath()
+	if path == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	dir, name := filepath.Split(path)
+
+	fw, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: kdeglobals watcher unavailable, theme is static: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := fw.Add(filepath.Clean(dir)); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: watching %s failed, theme is static: %v", dir, err)
+		_ = fw.Close()
+		return
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() { _ = fw.Close() }()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case event, ok := <-fw.Events:
+				if !ok {
+					return
+				}
+				if filepath.Base(event.Name) != name {
+					continue
+				}
+				if event.Op&(fsnotify.Write|fsnotify.Create|fsnotify.Rename) == 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+				w.update()
+			case err, ok := <-fw.Errors:
+				if !ok {
+					return
+				}
+				log.Debugf("tray theme: kdeglobals watch error: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// variantToColorScheme unwraps the color-scheme variant; the portal nests it one level.
+func variantToColorScheme(v dbus.Variant) uint32 {
+	inner := v.Value()
+	if nested, ok := inner.(dbus.Variant); ok {
+		inner = nested.Value()
+	}
+
+	switch n := inner.(type) {
+	case uint32:
+		return n
+	case int32:
+		return uint32(n)
+	case uint8:
+		return uint32(n)
+	default:
+		log.Debugf("tray theme: unexpected color-scheme type %T, assuming no preference", inner)
+		return colorSchemeNoPreference
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_update.go b/client/ui/tray_update.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ce1f9600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_update.go
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	neturl "net/url"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
+	"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/services/notifications"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/services"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/updater"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+)
+
+// trayUpdater owns the tray UI that reacts to auto-update. Composed inside Tray.
+type trayUpdater struct {
+	app          *application.App
+	showMainAt   func(url string)
+	update       *services.Update
+	notifier     *Notifier
+	loc          *Localizer
+	onIconChange func()
+	// onMenuChange drives a full tray relayout: the update row lives in the
+	// About submenu, which KDE/Plasma caches on first open and never re-fetches
+	// on a plain SetLabel/SetHidden — only a relayout (fresh submenu ids) repaints.
+	onMenuChange func()
+
+	mu                 sync.Mutex
+	item               *application.MenuItem
+	state              updater.State
+	notifiedVersion    string
+	progressWindowOpen bool
+}
+
+func newTrayUpdater(app *application.App, showMainAt func(url string), update *services.Update, notifier *Notifier, loc *Localizer, onIconChange func(), onMenuChange func()) *trayUpdater {
+	u := &trayUpdater{
+		app:          app,
+		showMainAt:   showMainAt,
+		update:       update,
+		notifier:     notifier,
+		loc:          loc,
+		onIconChange: onIconChange,
+		onMenuChange: onMenuChange,
+	}
+	app.Event.On(updater.EventStateChanged, u.onStateEvent)
+	// Seed from cached state to cover an event that fired before wiring completed.
+	u.state = update.GetState()
+	return u
+}
+
+// attach (re)binds the menu item on each Tray.buildMenu run. The caller owns the
+// item's OnClick handler.
+func (u *trayUpdater) attach(item *application.MenuItem) {
+	u.mu.Lock()
+	u.item = item
+	state := u.state
+	u.mu.Unlock()
+	u.refreshMenuItem(state)
+}
+
+// hasUpdate reports whether the tray should paint the "update available" icon.
+func (u *trayUpdater) hasUpdate() bool {
+	u.mu.Lock()
+	defer u.mu.Unlock()
+	return u.state.Available
+}
+
+// applyLanguage re-renders the menu item label after a locale switch.
+func (u *trayUpdater) applyLanguage() {
+	u.mu.Lock()
+	state := u.state
+	u.mu.Unlock()
+	u.refreshMenuItem(state)
+}
+
+// handleClick opens the installer download link when not Enforced, otherwise
+// shows the progress page and asks the daemon to start the installer.
+func (u *trayUpdater) handleClick() {
+	u.mu.Lock()
+	state := u.state
+	u.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !state.Enforced {
+		_ = u.app.Browser.OpenURL(version.DownloadUrl())
+		return
+	}
+
+	u.openProgressWindow(state.Version)
+
+	go func() {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		if _, err := u.update.Trigger(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("trigger update: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (u *trayUpdater) onStateEvent(ev *application.CustomEvent) {
+	st, ok := ev.Data.(updater.State)
+	if !ok {
+		log.Warnf("update state event payload not UpdateState: %T", ev.Data)
+		return
+	}
+	u.applyState(st)
+}
+
+// applyState diffs st against the cached state and drives the resulting side
+// effects: icon repaint, menu refresh, new-version notification, progress window.
+func (u *trayUpdater) applyState(st updater.State) {
+	u.mu.Lock()
+	prev := u.state
+	u.state = st
+
+	sendNotify := st.Available && st.Version != "" && st.Version != u.notifiedVersion
+	if sendNotify {
+		u.notifiedVersion = st.Version
+	}
+
+	showWindow := st.Installing && !u.progressWindowOpen
+	if showWindow {
+		u.progressWindowOpen = true
+	} else if !st.Installing {
+		u.progressWindowOpen = false
+	}
+	u.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Full relayout rather than in-place: KDE layout-caches the About submenu, so
+	// a direct SetLabel/SetHidden wouldn't paint. Fall back if no hook was wired.
+	if u.onMenuChange != nil {
+		u.onMenuChange()
+	} else {
+		u.refreshMenuItem(st)
+	}
+	if prev.Available != st.Available && u.onIconChange != nil {
+		u.onIconChange()
+	}
+	if sendNotify {
+		u.sendUpdateNotification(st)
+	}
+	if showWindow {
+		u.openProgressWindow(st.Version)
+	}
+}
+
+func (u *trayUpdater) refreshMenuItem(st updater.State) {
+	u.mu.Lock()
+	item := u.item
+	u.mu.Unlock()
+	if item == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !st.Available {
+		item.SetHidden(true)
+		return
+	}
+	if st.Enforced {
+		item.SetLabel(u.loc.T("tray.menu.installVersion", "version", st.Version))
+	} else {
+		item.SetLabel(u.loc.T("tray.menu.downloadLatest"))
+	}
+	item.SetHidden(false)
+}
+
+func (u *trayUpdater) sendUpdateNotification(st updater.State) {
+	if u.notifier == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	body := u.loc.T("notify.update.body", "version", st.Version)
+	if st.Enforced {
+		body += u.loc.T("notify.update.enforcedSuffix")
+	}
+	_ = safeSendNotification(u.notifier.SendNotification, "update", notifications.NotificationOptions{
+		ID:    notifyIDUpdatePrefix + st.Version,
+		Title: u.loc.T("notify.update.title"),
+		Body:  body,
+	})
+}
+
+// openProgressWindow points the main window at the /update progress page and
+// brings it forward.
+func (u *trayUpdater) openProgressWindow(version string) {
+	if u.showMainAt == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	url := "/#/update"
+	if version != "" {
+		url += "?version=" + neturl.QueryEscape(version)
+	}
+	u.showMainAt(url)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_watcher_linux.go b/client/ui/tray_watcher_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..38476179a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_watcher_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+//go:build linux && !(linux && 386)
+
+package main
+
+// In-process org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher for minimal WMs (Fluxbox, OpenBox,
+// i3) that ship no watcher. When an XEmbed tray exists (_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_S0),
+// an in-process XEmbed host bridges the SNI icon into it.
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	watcherName  = "org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher"
+	watcherPath  = "/StatusNotifierWatcher"
+	watcherIface = "org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher"
+
+	// The UI is often autostarted before the panel on minimal WMs, so a single
+	// startup probe would miss a tray that appears a second later.
+	watcherProbeInterval = 500 * time.Millisecond
+	watcherProbeTimeout  = 10 * time.Second
+)
+
+type statusNotifierWatcher struct {
+	conn    *dbus.Conn
+	items   []string
+	hosts   map[string]*xembedHost
+	hostsMu sync.Mutex
+}
+
+// RegisterStatusNotifierItem is the D-Bus method called by tray clients.
+// sender is injected by godbus and is not part of the D-Bus signature.
+func (w *statusNotifierWatcher) RegisterStatusNotifierItem(sender dbus.Sender, service string) *dbus.Error {
+	for _, s := range w.items {
+		if s == service {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	w.items = append(w.items, service)
+	log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: registered item %q from %s", service, sender)
+
+	go w.tryStartXembedHost(string(sender), dbus.ObjectPath(service))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RegisterStatusNotifierHost is required by the protocol but unused here.
+func (w *statusNotifierWatcher) RegisterStatusNotifierHost(service string) *dbus.Error {
+	log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: host registered %q", service)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// tryStartXembedHost is a no-op when no XEmbed tray manager is available.
+func (w *statusNotifierWatcher) tryStartXembedHost(busName string, objPath dbus.ObjectPath) {
+	w.hostsMu.Lock()
+	defer w.hostsMu.Unlock()
+
+	if _, exists := w.hosts[busName]; exists {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Private session bus so our signal subscriptions don't reach Wails'
+	// signal handler, which panics on unexpected signals.
+	sessionConn, err := dbus.SessionBusPrivate()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: cannot open private session bus for XEmbed host: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := sessionConn.Auth(nil); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: XEmbed host auth failed: %v", err)
+		closeBus(sessionConn)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := sessionConn.Hello(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: XEmbed host Hello failed: %v", err)
+		closeBus(sessionConn)
+		return
+	}
+
+	host, err := newXembedHost(sessionConn, busName, objPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: XEmbed host not started: %v", err)
+		closeBus(sessionConn)
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.hosts[busName] = host
+	go host.run()
+	log.Infof("StatusNotifierWatcher: XEmbed tray icon created for %s", busName)
+}
+
+// startStatusNotifierWatcher claims org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher only as a
+// bridge to an XEmbed tray on minimal WMs. The watcher is a stub that never
+// relays items to a real StatusNotifierHost, so claiming the name on a desktop
+// with a real host (e.g. Hyprland + Waybar) would dead-end every other tray
+// app's icon. It gates on the actual presence of an XEmbed tray rather than
+// GetNameOwner, which can't win a login-order race; without one it stays off
+// the bus so the real watcher owns the name. The XEmbed tray may come up after
+// the UI, so it re-probes for a grace period rather than deciding once.
+// Safe to call unconditionally.
+func startStatusNotifierWatcher() {
+	go func() {
+		deadline := time.Now().Add(watcherProbeTimeout)
+		for {
+			if xembedTrayAvailable() {
+				claimStatusNotifierWatcher()
+				return
+			}
+			if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+				log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: no XEmbed tray appeared within %s, leaving the watcher to the desktop", watcherProbeTimeout)
+				return
+			}
+			time.Sleep(watcherProbeInterval)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// claimStatusNotifierWatcher takes ownership of org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher
+// on a private session bus and exports the stub watcher. The GetNameOwner /
+// DoNotQueue guards back off if a real watcher already holds the name.
+func claimStatusNotifierWatcher() {
+	conn, err := dbus.SessionBusPrivate()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: cannot open private session bus: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := conn.Auth(nil); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: auth failed: %v", err)
+		closeBus(conn)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := conn.Hello(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: Hello failed: %v", err)
+		closeBus(conn)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var owner string
+	callErr := conn.BusObject().Call("org.freedesktop.DBus.GetNameOwner", 0, watcherName).Store(&owner)
+	if callErr == nil && owner != "" {
+		log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: already owned by %s, skipping", owner)
+		closeBus(conn)
+		return
+	}
+
+	reply, err := conn.RequestName(watcherName, dbus.NameFlagDoNotQueue)
+	if err != nil || reply != dbus.RequestNameReplyPrimaryOwner {
+		log.Debugf("StatusNotifierWatcher: could not claim name (reply=%v err=%v)", reply, err)
+		closeBus(conn)
+		return
+	}
+
+	w := &statusNotifierWatcher{
+		conn:  conn,
+		hosts: make(map[string]*xembedHost),
+	}
+	if err := conn.ExportAll(w, dbus.ObjectPath(watcherPath), watcherIface); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("StatusNotifierWatcher: export failed: %v", err)
+		closeBus(conn)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("StatusNotifierWatcher: active on session bus (enables tray on minimal WMs)")
+	// Connection kept open for the process lifetime.
+}
+
+// closeBus closes a private session bus opened on a back-off path, logging a
+// warning rather than swallowing the error.
+func closeBus(conn *dbus.Conn) {
+	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("StatusNotifierWatcher: closing session bus failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/tray_watcher_other.go b/client/ui/tray_watcher_other.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef8a1bb52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/tray_watcher_other.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build (!linux || (linux && 386)) && !freebsd && !android && !ios && !js
+
+package main
+
+// startStatusNotifierWatcher is a no-op stub so main.go can call it across all
+// build targets; only minimal Linux WMs need the real watcher (tray_watcher_linux.go).
+func startStatusNotifierWatcher() {
+	// Intentionally empty: only minimal Linux WMs need the real SNI watcher.
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/uilogpath.go b/client/ui/uilogpath.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6fa400e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/uilogpath.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/configs"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/guilog"
+)
+
+// uiLogPath returns the GUI log path with native separators, since the daemon
+// opens it directly for debug-bundle collection. The file name comes from
+// configs.UILogFile so the daemon validates and collects the same name.
+func uiLogPath() (string, error) {
+	dir, err := os.UserConfigDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(dir, "netbird", configs.UILogFile), nil
+}
+
+// newDebugLog builds the GUI debug log, disabled when userSetLogFile is set
+// (manual --log-file override) or the config dir can't be resolved.
+func newDebugLog(userSetLogFile bool) *guilog.DebugLog {
+	path, err := uiLogPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("resolve GUI log path: %v; GUI file logging disabled", err)
+		return guilog.NewDebugLog("", false)
+	}
+	return guilog.NewDebugLog(path, !userSetLogFile)
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/update.go b/client/ui/update.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 25c317bdf..000000000
--- a/client/ui/update.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !(linux && 386)
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/container"
-	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/widget"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
-)
-
-func (s *serviceClient) showUpdateProgress(ctx context.Context, version string) {
-	log.Infof("show installer progress window: %s", version)
-	s.wUpdateProgress = s.app.NewWindow("Automatically updating client")
-
-	statusLabel := widget.NewLabel("Updating...")
-	infoLabel := widget.NewLabel(fmt.Sprintf("Your client version is older than the auto-update version set in Management.\nUpdating client to: %s.", version))
-	content := container.NewVBox(infoLabel, statusLabel)
-	s.wUpdateProgress.SetContent(content)
-	s.wUpdateProgress.CenterOnScreen()
-	s.wUpdateProgress.SetFixedSize(true)
-	s.wUpdateProgress.SetCloseIntercept(func() {
-		// this is empty to lock window until result known
-	})
-	s.wUpdateProgress.RequestFocus()
-	s.wUpdateProgress.Show()
-
-	updateWindowCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 15*time.Minute)
-
-	// Initialize dot updater
-	updateText := dotUpdater()
-
-	// Channel to receive the result from RPC call
-	resultErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
-	resultOkCh := make(chan struct{}, 1)
-
-	// Start RPC call in background
-	go func() {
-		conn, err := s.getSrvClient(defaultFailTimeout)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Infof("backend not reachable, upgrade in progress: %v", err)
-			close(resultOkCh)
-			return
-		}
-
-		resp, err := conn.GetInstallerResult(updateWindowCtx, &proto.InstallerResultRequest{})
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Infof("backend stopped responding, upgrade in progress: %v", err)
-			close(resultOkCh)
-			return
-		}
-
-		if !resp.Success {
-			resultErrCh <- mapInstallError(resp.ErrorMsg)
-			return
-		}
-
-		// Success
-		close(resultOkCh)
-	}()
-
-	// Update UI with dots and wait for result
-	go func() {
-		ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
-		defer ticker.Stop()
-		defer cancel()
-
-		// allow closing update window after 10 sec
-		timerResetCloseInterceptor := time.NewTimer(10 * time.Second)
-		defer timerResetCloseInterceptor.Stop()
-
-		for {
-			select {
-			case <-updateWindowCtx.Done():
-				s.showInstallerResult(statusLabel, updateWindowCtx.Err())
-				return
-			case err := <-resultErrCh:
-				s.showInstallerResult(statusLabel, err)
-				return
-			case <-resultOkCh:
-				log.Info("backend exited, upgrade in progress, closing all UI")
-				killParentUIProcess()
-				s.app.Quit()
-				return
-			case <-ticker.C:
-				statusLabel.SetText(updateText())
-			case <-timerResetCloseInterceptor.C:
-				s.wUpdateProgress.SetCloseIntercept(nil)
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-func (s *serviceClient) showInstallerResult(statusLabel *widget.Label, err error) {
-	s.wUpdateProgress.SetCloseIntercept(nil)
-	switch {
-	case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
-		log.Warn("update watcher timed out")
-		statusLabel.SetText("Update timed out. Please try again.")
-	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
-		log.Info("update watcher canceled")
-		statusLabel.SetText("Update canceled.")
-	case err != nil:
-		log.Errorf("update failed: %v", err)
-		statusLabel.SetText("Update failed: " + err.Error())
-	default:
-		s.wUpdateProgress.Close()
-	}
-}
-
-// dotUpdater returns a closure that cycles through dots for a loading animation.
-func dotUpdater() func() string {
-	dotCount := 0
-	return func() string {
-		dotCount = (dotCount + 1) % 4
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", "Updating", strings.Repeat(".", dotCount))
-	}
-}
-
-func mapInstallError(msg string) error {
-	msg = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(msg))
-
-	switch {
-	case strings.Contains(msg, "deadline exceeded"), strings.Contains(msg, "timeout"):
-		return context.DeadlineExceeded
-	case strings.Contains(msg, "canceled"), strings.Contains(msg, "cancelled"):
-		return context.Canceled
-	case msg == "":
-		return errors.New("unknown update error")
-	default:
-		return errors.New(msg)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/update_notwindows.go b/client/ui/update_notwindows.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 5766f18f7..000000000
--- a/client/ui/update_notwindows.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !windows && !(linux && 386)
-
-package main
-
-func killParentUIProcess() {
-	// No-op on non-Windows platforms
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/update_windows.go b/client/ui/update_windows.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b03936f9..000000000
--- a/client/ui/update_windows.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-//go:build windows
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
-
-	nbprocess "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ui/process"
-)
-
-// killParentUIProcess finds and kills the parent systray UI process on Windows.
-// This is a workaround in case the MSI installer fails to properly terminate the UI process.
-// The installer should handle this via util:CloseApplication with TerminateProcess, but this
-// provides an additional safety mechanism to ensure the UI is closed before the upgrade proceeds.
-func killParentUIProcess() {
-	pid, running, err := nbprocess.IsAnotherProcessRunning()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to check for parent UI process: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	if !running {
-		log.Debug("no parent UI process found to kill")
-		return
-	}
-
-	log.Infof("killing parent UI process (PID: %d)", pid)
-
-	// Open the process with terminate rights
-	handle, err := windows.OpenProcess(windows.PROCESS_TERMINATE, false, uint32(pid))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to open parent process %d: %v", pid, err)
-		return
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		_ = windows.CloseHandle(handle)
-	}()
-
-	// Terminate the process with exit code 0
-	if err := windows.TerminateProcess(handle, 0); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("failed to terminate parent process %d: %v", pid, err)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/client/ui/updater/state.go b/client/ui/updater/state.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..606f8b401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/updater/state.go
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//go:build !android && !ios && !freebsd && !js
+
+// Package updater holds the auto-update domain: the typed State, the
+// daemon-SystemEvent metadata schema, and the Holder that caches the latest
+// state and broadcasts changes. No Wails dependency.
+package updater
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/proto"
+)
+
+// EventStateChanged carries the full State snapshot as payload.
+const EventStateChanged = "netbird:update:state"
+
+// State is the typed snapshot of the daemon's update situation. Installing is
+// driven only by the daemon's progress_window:show event; a UI-side
+// Update.Trigger() does not flip it.
+type State struct {
+	Available  bool   `json:"available"`
+	Version    string `json:"version"`
+	Enforced   bool   `json:"enforced"`
+	Installing bool   `json:"installing"`
+}
+
+// Emitter is the broadcast dependency Holder needs; the Wails app.Event
+// processor satisfies it.
+type Emitter interface {
+	Emit(name string, data ...any) bool
+}
+
+// Holder caches the latest update State and broadcasts changes.
+type Holder struct {
+	emitter Emitter
+
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	state State
+}
+
+// NewHolder constructs an empty-state Holder. A nil emitter skips the broadcast.
+func NewHolder(emitter Emitter) *Holder {
+	return &Holder{emitter: emitter}
+}
+
+// Get returns a copy of the cached State.
+func (h *Holder) Get() State {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+	return h.state
+}
+
+// OnSystemEvent folds update-related metadata into the cached state, emitting
+// EventStateChanged only on an actual change so repeated daemon snapshots
+// don't produce redundant pushes.
+func (h *Holder) OnSystemEvent(ev *proto.SystemEvent) {
+	md := ev.GetMetadata()
+	if len(md) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	changed := false
+	if v, ok := md["new_version_available"]; ok {
+		_, enforced := md["enforced"]
+		if !h.state.Available || h.state.Version != v || h.state.Enforced != enforced {
+			h.state.Available = true
+			h.state.Version = v
+			h.state.Enforced = enforced
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+	if md["progress_window"] == "show" {
+		if !h.state.Installing {
+			h.state.Installing = true
+			changed = true
+		}
+		if v, ok := md["version"]; ok && v != "" && h.state.Version != v {
+			h.state.Version = v
+			h.state.Available = true
+			changed = true
+		}
+	}
+	snap := h.state
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !changed {
+		return
+	}
+	log.Infof("update state: available=%v version=%q enforced=%v installing=%v",
+		snap.Available, snap.Version, snap.Enforced, snap.Installing)
+	if h.emitter != nil {
+		h.emitter.Emit(EventStateChanged, snap)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/xembed_host_gtk3_linux.go b/client/ui/xembed_host_gtk3_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1f18cc90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/xembed_host_gtk3_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//go:build linux && gtk3 && !(linux && 386)
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+)
+
+// The legacy GTK3 / WebKit2GTK 4.1 build (-tags gtk3) drops the in-process
+// XEmbed StatusNotifierWatcher entirely. The real implementation
+// (xembed_host_linux.go + xembed_tray_linux.c) links GTK4 and uses GTK4-only
+// popup-menu APIs that have no drop-in GTK3 equivalent, so rather than port the
+// C layer we stub the host out on gtk3 builds. The tray still works on every
+// desktop that ships its own StatusNotifierWatcher (KDE, GNOME+AppIndicator,
+// Cinnamon/xapp, XFCE, …); only the minimal-WM fallback (Fluxbox/OpenBox/i3/
+// dwm/vanilla GNOME) is unavailable on gtk3 packages. See LINUX-TRAY.md.
+
+// xembedHost is a placeholder so the package compiles on gtk3 builds; the real
+// type (with X11/GTK4 state) lives in xembed_host_linux.go. It is never
+// instantiated here because xembedTrayAvailable always reports false.
+type xembedHost struct{}
+
+// run satisfies the call in tray_watcher_linux.go; unreachable on gtk3 because
+// newXembedHost never returns a non-nil host.
+func (*xembedHost) run() {}
+
+// xembedTrayAvailable always reports false on gtk3 builds, so the watcher probe
+// loop in startStatusNotifierWatcher exits immediately and newXembedHost is
+// never reached. recenter_linux.go's predicate becomes a harmless no-op too.
+func xembedTrayAvailable() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+// newXembedHost exists only to satisfy the reference in tray_watcher_linux.go;
+// it is unreachable because xembedTrayAvailable returns false on gtk3.
+func newXembedHost(conn *dbus.Conn, busName string, objPath dbus.ObjectPath) (*xembedHost, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("xembed host unsupported on gtk3 build")
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/xembed_host_linux.go b/client/ui/xembed_host_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5551cd02a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/xembed_host_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+//go:build linux && !gtk3 && !(linux && 386)
+
+package main
+
+/*
+#cgo pkg-config: x11 gtk4 gtk4-x11 cairo cairo-xlib
+#cgo LDFLAGS: -lX11
+#include "xembed_tray_linux.h"
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+*/
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// activeMenuHost holds the popup owner; C callbacks cannot carry Go pointers.
+var (
+	activeMenuHost   *xembedHost
+	activeMenuHostMu sync.Mutex
+)
+
+// menuItemInfo is a dbusMenuLayout entry flattened for the C popup builder.
+type menuItemInfo struct {
+	id          int32
+	label       string
+	enabled     bool
+	isCheck     bool
+	checked     bool
+	isSeparator bool
+	children    []menuItemInfo
+}
+
+// dbusMenuLayout mirrors the (ia{sv}av) result of com.canonical.dbusmenu.GetLayout.
+// Each Children variant wraps a nested dbusMenuLayout, decoded in flattenMenu.
+type dbusMenuLayout struct {
+	ID         int32
+	Properties map[string]dbus.Variant
+	Children   []dbus.Variant
+}
+
+// xembedHost manages one XEmbed tray icon for an SNI item.
+type xembedHost struct {
+	conn    *dbus.Conn
+	busName string
+	objPath dbus.ObjectPath
+
+	dpy      *C.Display
+	trayMgr  C.Window
+	iconWin  C.Window
+	iconSize int
+
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	iconData []byte
+	iconW    int
+	iconH    int
+
+	stopCh chan struct{}
+}
+
+// newXembedHost creates an XEmbed tray icon for the given SNI item.
+// Errors when no XEmbed tray manager is available, so callers can fall back.
+func newXembedHost(conn *dbus.Conn, busName string, objPath dbus.ObjectPath) (*xembedHost, error) {
+	dpy := C.XOpenDisplay(nil)
+	if dpy == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("cannot open X display")
+	}
+	C.xembed_install_error_handlers()
+
+	screen := C.xembed_default_screen(dpy)
+	trayMgr := C.xembed_find_tray(dpy, screen)
+	if trayMgr == 0 {
+		C.XCloseDisplay(dpy)
+		return nil, errors.New("no XEmbed system tray found")
+	}
+
+	iconSize := int(C.xembed_get_icon_size(dpy, trayMgr))
+	if iconSize <= 0 {
+		iconSize = 24 // fallback
+	}
+
+	iconWin := C.xembed_create_icon(dpy, screen, C.int(iconSize), trayMgr)
+	if iconWin == 0 {
+		C.XCloseDisplay(dpy)
+		return nil, errors.New("failed to create icon window")
+	}
+
+	if C.xembed_dock(dpy, trayMgr, iconWin) != 0 {
+		C.xembed_destroy_icon(dpy, iconWin)
+		C.XCloseDisplay(dpy)
+		return nil, errors.New("failed to dock icon")
+	}
+
+	h := &xembedHost{
+		conn:     conn,
+		busName:  busName,
+		objPath:  objPath,
+		dpy:      dpy,
+		trayMgr:  trayMgr,
+		iconWin:  iconWin,
+		iconSize: iconSize,
+		stopCh:   make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+
+	h.fetchAndDrawIcon()
+	return h, nil
+}
+
+func (h *xembedHost) fetchAndDrawIcon() {
+	obj := h.conn.Object(h.busName, h.objPath)
+	variant, err := obj.GetProperty("org.kde.StatusNotifierItem.IconPixmap")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("xembed: failed to get IconPixmap: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// IconPixmap has D-Bus signature a(iiay).
+	type px struct {
+		W   int32
+		H   int32
+		Pix []byte
+	}
+
+	var icons []px
+	if err := variant.Store(&icons); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("xembed: failed to decode IconPixmap: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if len(icons) == 0 {
+		log.Debug("xembed: IconPixmap is empty")
+		return
+	}
+
+	icon := icons[0]
+	if icon.W <= 0 || icon.H <= 0 || len(icon.Pix) < int(icon.W*icon.H*4) {
+		log.Debug("xembed: invalid IconPixmap data")
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	h.iconData = icon.Pix
+	h.iconW = int(icon.W)
+	h.iconH = int(icon.H)
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	h.drawIcon()
+}
+
+func (h *xembedHost) drawIcon() {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	data := h.iconData
+	w := h.iconW
+	ht := h.iconH
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if data == nil || w <= 0 || ht <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	cData := C.CBytes(data)
+	defer C.free(cData)
+
+	C.xembed_draw_icon(h.dpy, h.iconWin, C.int(h.iconSize),
+		(*C.uchar)(cData), C.int(w), C.int(ht))
+}
+
+// run is the event loop: polls X11 events and D-Bus NewIcon signals until stopped.
+func (h *xembedHost) run() {
+	matchRule := "type='signal',interface='org.kde.StatusNotifierItem',member='NewIcon',sender='" + h.busName + "'"
+	if err := h.conn.BusObject().Call("org.freedesktop.DBus.AddMatch", 0, matchRule).Err; err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("xembed: failed to add signal match: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	sigCh := make(chan *dbus.Signal, 16)
+	h.conn.Signal(sigCh)
+	defer h.conn.RemoveSignal(sigCh)
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-h.stopCh:
+			return
+
+		case sig := <-sigCh:
+			if sig == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if sig.Name == "org.kde.StatusNotifierItem.NewIcon" {
+				h.fetchAndDrawIcon()
+			}
+
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			var outX, outY C.int
+			result := C.xembed_poll_event(h.dpy, h.iconWin, &outX, &outY)
+
+			switch result {
+			case 1: // left click
+				go h.activate(int32(outX), int32(outY))
+			case 2: // right click
+				go h.contextMenu(int32(outX), int32(outY))
+			case 3: // expose
+				h.drawIcon()
+			case 4: // configure (resize)
+				newSize := int(outX)
+				if newSize > 0 && newSize != h.iconSize {
+					h.iconSize = newSize
+					h.drawIcon()
+				}
+			case -1: // tray died
+				log.Info("xembed: tray manager destroyed, cleaning up")
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *xembedHost) activate(x, y int32) {
+	obj := h.conn.Object(h.busName, h.objPath)
+	if err := obj.Call("org.kde.StatusNotifierItem.Activate", 0, x, y).Err; err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("xembed: Activate call failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *xembedHost) contextMenu(x, y int32) {
+	menuPath := dbus.ObjectPath("/StatusNotifierMenu")
+
+	menuObj := h.conn.Object(h.busName, menuPath)
+	var revision uint32
+	var layout dbusMenuLayout
+	err := menuObj.Call("com.canonical.dbusmenu.GetLayout", 0,
+		int32(0),   // parentId (root)
+		int32(-1),  // recursionDepth (all)
+		[]string{}, // propertyNames (all)
+	).Store(&revision, &layout)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("xembed: GetLayout failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	items := h.flattenMenu(layout)
+	log.Debugf("xembed: menu has %d items (revision %d)", len(items), revision)
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var allocs []unsafe.Pointer
+	cItems := buildCItems(items, &allocs)
+	defer func() {
+		for _, p := range allocs {
+			C.free(p)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// C callback reaches us through this global.
+	activeMenuHostMu.Lock()
+	activeMenuHost = h
+	activeMenuHostMu.Unlock()
+
+	C.xembed_show_popup_menu(cItems, C.int(len(items)),
+		nil, C.int(x), C.int(y))
+}
+
+func (h *xembedHost) flattenMenu(layout dbusMenuLayout) []menuItemInfo {
+	var items []menuItemInfo
+
+	for _, childVar := range layout.Children {
+		var child dbusMenuLayout
+		if err := dbus.Store([]interface{}{childVar.Value()}, &child); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if mi, ok := h.menuItemFromLayout(child); ok {
+			items = append(items, mi)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return items
+}
+
+// menuItemFromLayout decodes one dbusmenu child; ok is false for hidden items (drop them).
+func (h *xembedHost) menuItemFromLayout(child dbusMenuLayout) (menuItemInfo, bool) {
+	mi := menuItemInfo{id: child.ID, enabled: true}
+
+	if propString(child.Properties, "type") == "separator" {
+		mi.isSeparator = true
+		return mi, true
+	}
+
+	if vis, ok := propBool(child.Properties, "visible"); ok && !vis {
+		return menuItemInfo{}, false
+	}
+
+	mi.label = propString(child.Properties, "label")
+	if en, ok := propBool(child.Properties, "enabled"); ok {
+		mi.enabled = en
+	}
+	if propString(child.Properties, "toggle-type") == "checkmark" {
+		mi.isCheck = true
+	}
+	if n, ok := propInt32(child.Properties, "toggle-state"); ok && n == 1 {
+		mi.checked = true
+	}
+
+	// children are already present from the recursionDepth=-1 GetLayout.
+	if propString(child.Properties, "children-display") == "submenu" {
+		mi.children = h.flattenMenu(child)
+	}
+
+	return mi, true
+}
+
+func (h *xembedHost) sendMenuEvent(id int32) {
+	menuPath := dbus.ObjectPath("/StatusNotifierMenu")
+	menuObj := h.conn.Object(h.busName, menuPath)
+	data := dbus.MakeVariant("")
+	err := menuObj.Call("com.canonical.dbusmenu.Event", 0,
+		id, "clicked", data, uint32(0)).Err
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("xembed: menu Event call failed: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *xembedHost) stop() {
+	select {
+	case <-h.stopCh:
+		return
+	default:
+		close(h.stopCh)
+	}
+
+	C.xembed_destroy_icon(h.dpy, h.iconWin)
+	C.XCloseDisplay(h.dpy)
+}
+
+// buildCItems builds a C-allocated xembed_menu_item tree. Every malloc is
+// appended to *allocs for the caller to free once the C side has deep-copied it.
+func buildCItems(items []menuItemInfo, allocs *[]unsafe.Pointer) *C.xembed_menu_item {
+	if len(items) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	size := C.size_t(len(items)) * C.size_t(unsafe.Sizeof(C.xembed_menu_item{}))
+	arr := C.malloc(size)
+	*allocs = append(*allocs, arr)
+	C.memset(arr, 0, size)
+
+	slice := (*[1 << 16]C.xembed_menu_item)(arr)[:len(items):len(items)]
+	for i, mi := range items {
+		slice[i].id = C.int(mi.id)
+		slice[i].enabled = boolToInt(mi.enabled)
+		slice[i].is_check = boolToInt(mi.isCheck)
+		slice[i].checked = boolToInt(mi.checked)
+		slice[i].is_separator = boolToInt(mi.isSeparator)
+		if mi.label != "" {
+			cstr := C.CString(mi.label)
+			*allocs = append(*allocs, unsafe.Pointer(cstr))
+			slice[i].label = cstr
+		}
+		if len(mi.children) > 0 {
+			slice[i].children = buildCItems(mi.children, allocs)
+			slice[i].child_count = C.int(len(mi.children))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return (*C.xembed_menu_item)(arr)
+}
+
+// xembedTrayAvailable reports whether an XEmbed tray manager (_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_S0)
+// owns the default screen. Side-effect-free probe. Gates the in-process
+// StatusNotifierWatcher: when a real SNI host already owns the tray (e.g. Waybar
+// on Wayland) we must not claim org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher and shadow it.
+// Returns false when there is no X display (pure Wayland).
+func xembedTrayAvailable() bool {
+	dpy := C.XOpenDisplay(nil)
+	if dpy == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	C.xembed_install_error_handlers()
+	defer C.XCloseDisplay(dpy)
+	screen := C.xembed_default_screen(dpy)
+	return C.xembed_find_tray(dpy, screen) != 0
+}
+
+// goMenuItemClicked is the C callback fired from the GTK main thread on popup
+// activation. The host is looked up via activeMenuHost since C callbacks can't
+// carry Go pointers; //export requires this to live in package main.
+//
+//export goMenuItemClicked
+func goMenuItemClicked(id C.int) {
+	activeMenuHostMu.Lock()
+	h := activeMenuHost
+	activeMenuHostMu.Unlock()
+
+	if h != nil {
+		go h.sendMenuEvent(int32(id))
+	}
+}
+
+func boolToInt(b bool) C.int {
+	if b {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// propString returns the property's string value, or "" if absent or not a string.
+func propString(props map[string]dbus.Variant, key string) string {
+	if v, ok := props[key]; ok {
+		if s, ok := v.Value().(string); ok {
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// propBool returns the property's bool value; ok is false if absent or not a bool.
+func propBool(props map[string]dbus.Variant, key string) (value, ok bool) {
+	if v, present := props[key]; present {
+		if b, isBool := v.Value().(bool); isBool {
+			return b, true
+		}
+	}
+	return false, false
+}
+
+// propInt32 returns the property's int32 value; ok is false if absent or not an int32.
+func propInt32(props map[string]dbus.Variant, key string) (value int32, ok bool) {
+	if v, present := props[key]; present {
+		if n, isInt := v.Value().(int32); isInt {
+			return n, true
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/xembed_tray_linux.c b/client/ui/xembed_tray_linux.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86da8bf70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/xembed_tray_linux.c
@@ -0,0 +1,710 @@
+//go:build linux && !gtk3 && !(linux && 386)
+
+#include "xembed_tray_linux.h"
+
+#include <X11/Xatom.h>
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+#include <cairo/cairo-xlib.h>
+#include <cairo/cairo.h>
+#include <gtk/gtk.h>
+#include <gdk/x11/gdkx.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define SYSTEM_TRAY_REQUEST_DOCK 0
+#define XEMBED_MAPPED            (1 << 0)
+
+/* Xlib's default protocol-error handler calls exit() on any async X error,
+   killing the whole UI process. Handlers are process-global (not
+   per-Display), so a single install covers our raw tray Display and GDK's.
+   Tray work is full of races the X server reports asynchronously — the tray
+   manager window dying between xembed_find_tray and xembed_dock (BadWindow
+   on XSendEvent), or x11_move_window touching a popup the WM already
+   destroyed — and the default handler would take us down for any of them.
+   Returning 0 here makes the error a logged no-op instead. */
+static int xembed_x_error_handler(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ev) {
+    char buf[256];
+    XGetErrorText(dpy, ev->error_code, buf, sizeof(buf));
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "xembed: X error (ignored): %s (code=%d, request=%d.%d, resource=0x%lx)\n",
+            buf, ev->error_code, ev->request_code, ev->minor_code,
+            ev->resourceid);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* The I/O error handler fires when the X connection itself drops (server
+   gone, socket closed). Xlib treats this as fatal and exits even if we
+   return, so this can't keep the process alive — it only logs a clearer
+   line than Xlib's terse default before the unavoidable exit. */
+static int xembed_x_io_error_handler(Display *dpy) {
+    (void)dpy;
+    fprintf(stderr, "xembed: X I/O error (connection lost)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Install the process-global handlers. Idempotent and cheap, so callers may
+   invoke it after every XOpenDisplay without tracking prior installs. */
+void xembed_install_error_handlers(void) {
+    XSetErrorHandler(xembed_x_error_handler);
+    XSetIOErrorHandler(xembed_x_io_error_handler);
+}
+
+Window xembed_find_tray(Display *dpy, int screen) {
+    char atom_name[64];
+    snprintf(atom_name, sizeof(atom_name), "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_S%d", screen);
+    Atom sel = XInternAtom(dpy, atom_name, False);
+    return XGetSelectionOwner(dpy, sel);
+}
+
+int xembed_get_icon_size(Display *dpy, Window tray_mgr) {
+    Atom atom = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_ICON_SIZE", False);
+    Atom actual_type;
+    int actual_format;
+    unsigned long nitems, bytes_after;
+    unsigned char *prop = NULL;
+    int size = 0;
+
+    if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, tray_mgr, atom, 0, 1, False,
+                           XA_CARDINAL, &actual_type, &actual_format,
+                           &nitems, &bytes_after, &prop) == Success) {
+        if (prop && nitems == 1 && actual_format == 32) {
+            size = (int)(*(unsigned long *)prop);
+        }
+        if (prop)
+            XFree(prop);
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+Window xembed_create_icon(Display *dpy, int screen, int size,
+                           Window tray_mgr) {
+    (void)tray_mgr;  /* unused; kept in signature for caller symmetry */
+    Window root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
+
+    /* Inherit visual & depth from the parent (tray manager / root) so
+       ParentRelative background works on every tray. Many minimal
+       toolbars (Fluxbox slit, OpenBox, etc.) only offer a 24-bit
+       default visual and do not composite alpha; ParentRelative makes
+       the X server texture this window's background from the parent,
+       so transparent pixels in the icon show the toolbar beneath
+       instead of solid black. ARGB-aware trays still work because the
+       cairo OVER blend in xembed_draw_icon honours per-pixel alpha
+       against whatever base the X server painted underneath. */
+    XSetWindowAttributes attrs;
+    memset(&attrs, 0, sizeof(attrs));
+    attrs.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | StructureNotifyMask | ExposureMask;
+    attrs.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
+    unsigned long mask = CWEventMask | CWBackPixmap;
+
+    Window win = XCreateWindow(
+        dpy, root,
+        0, 0, size, size,
+        0,                          /* border width */
+        CopyFromParent,             /* depth */
+        InputOutput,
+        CopyFromParent,             /* visual */
+        mask,
+        &attrs
+    );
+
+    /* Set _XEMBED_INFO: version=0, flags=XEMBED_MAPPED */
+    Atom xembed_info = XInternAtom(dpy, "_XEMBED_INFO", False);
+    unsigned long info[2] = { 0, XEMBED_MAPPED };
+    XChangeProperty(dpy, win, xembed_info, xembed_info,
+                    32, PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)info, 2);
+
+    return win;
+}
+
+int xembed_dock(Display *dpy, Window tray_mgr, Window icon_win) {
+    Atom opcode = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_OPCODE", False);
+
+    XClientMessageEvent ev;
+    memset(&ev, 0, sizeof(ev));
+    ev.type         = ClientMessage;
+    ev.window       = tray_mgr;
+    ev.message_type = opcode;
+    ev.format       = 32;
+    ev.data.l[0]    = CurrentTime;
+    ev.data.l[1]    = SYSTEM_TRAY_REQUEST_DOCK;
+    ev.data.l[2]    = (long)icon_win;
+
+    XSendEvent(dpy, tray_mgr, False, NoEventMask, (XEvent *)&ev);
+    XFlush(dpy);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void xembed_draw_icon(Display *dpy, Window icon_win, int win_size,
+                      const unsigned char *data, int img_w, int img_h) {
+    if (!data || img_w <= 0 || img_h <= 0 || win_size <= 0)
+        return;
+
+    /* Query the window's actual visual and depth so cairo composites
+       through the matching ARGB pipeline. */
+    XWindowAttributes wa;
+    if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, icon_win, &wa))
+        return;
+
+    /* Build a CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32 source surface from the SNI IconPixmap
+       bytes. SNI ships the pixels as [A,R,G,B,...] in network byte
+       order; cairo's ARGB32 stores native uint32 with B in the lowest
+       byte on little-endian hosts. Repack into native order with
+       pre-multiplied alpha so cairo can composite without tonemapping. */
+    int stride = cairo_format_stride_for_width(CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, img_w);
+    unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char *)calloc(stride * img_h, 1);
+    if (!buf)
+        return;
+
+    for (int y = 0; y < img_h; y++) {
+        unsigned int *row = (unsigned int *)(buf + y * stride);
+        for (int x = 0; x < img_w; x++) {
+            int idx = (y * img_w + x) * 4;
+            unsigned int a = data[idx + 0];
+            unsigned int r = data[idx + 1];
+            unsigned int g = data[idx + 2];
+            unsigned int b = data[idx + 3];
+
+            if (a == 0) {
+                row[x] = 0;
+            } else if (a == 255) {
+                row[x] = (a << 24) | (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b;
+            } else {
+                unsigned int pr = r * a / 255;
+                unsigned int pg = g * a / 255;
+                unsigned int pb = b * a / 255;
+                row[x] = (a << 24) | (pr << 16) | (pg << 8) | pb;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    cairo_surface_t *src = cairo_image_surface_create_for_data(
+        buf, CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32, img_w, img_h, stride);
+    if (cairo_surface_status(src) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        cairo_surface_destroy(src);
+        free(buf);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Wrap the X11 window in a cairo XLib surface using its real visual. */
+    cairo_surface_t *dst = cairo_xlib_surface_create(
+        dpy, icon_win, wa.visual, win_size, win_size);
+    if (cairo_surface_status(dst) != CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        cairo_surface_destroy(dst);
+        cairo_surface_destroy(src);
+        free(buf);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Repaint the ParentRelative background first — without this the
+       window keeps the previously-drawn icon underneath when an icon
+       update arrives, and cairo's OVER blend would composite the new
+       icon on top of the stale one. XClearWindow forces the X server
+       to retexture from the parent (tray toolbar), giving us a clean
+       opaque base. */
+    XClearWindow(dpy, icon_win);
+
+    cairo_t *cr = cairo_create(dst);
+
+    /* Scale the source onto the window with alpha compositing (default
+       OPERATOR_OVER). Transparent pixels keep the toolbar's pixels
+       visible underneath. */
+    double sx = (double)win_size / img_w;
+    double sy = (double)win_size / img_h;
+    cairo_scale(cr, sx, sy);
+    cairo_set_source_surface(cr, src, 0, 0);
+    cairo_paint(cr);
+
+    cairo_destroy(cr);
+    cairo_surface_destroy(dst);
+    cairo_surface_destroy(src);
+    free(buf);
+    XFlush(dpy);
+}
+
+void xembed_destroy_icon(Display *dpy, Window icon_win) {
+    if (icon_win)
+        XDestroyWindow(dpy, icon_win);
+    XFlush(dpy);
+}
+
+int xembed_poll_event(Display *dpy, Window icon_win,
+                      int *out_x, int *out_y) {
+    *out_x = 0;
+    *out_y = 0;
+
+    while (XPending(dpy) > 0) {
+        XEvent ev;
+        XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
+
+        switch (ev.type) {
+        case ButtonPress:
+            if (ev.xbutton.window == icon_win) {
+                *out_x = ev.xbutton.x_root;
+                *out_y = ev.xbutton.y_root;
+                if (ev.xbutton.button == Button1)
+                    return 1;
+                if (ev.xbutton.button == Button3)
+                    return 2;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case Expose:
+            if (ev.xexpose.window == icon_win && ev.xexpose.count == 0)
+                return 3;
+            break;
+
+        case DestroyNotify:
+            if (ev.xdestroywindow.window == icon_win)
+                return -1;
+            break;
+
+        case ConfigureNotify:
+            if (ev.xconfigure.window == icon_win) {
+                *out_x = ev.xconfigure.width;
+                *out_y = ev.xconfigure.height;
+                return 4;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ReparentNotify:
+            /* Tray manager reparented us — this is expected after docking. */
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* --- GTK4 popup window menu support --- */
+
+/* Implemented in Go via //export */
+extern void goMenuItemClicked(int id);
+
+/* The top-level popup window, reused across invocations. Submenu
+   popups are tracked in a separate list so they all close when the
+   top-level closes. */
+static GtkWidget *popup_win = NULL;
+static GList     *submenu_popups = NULL;  /* list of GtkWidget* */
+
+typedef struct {
+    xembed_menu_item  *items;
+    int                count;
+    int                x, y;
+} popup_data;
+
+/* Deep-free a heap-owned xembed_menu_item array (label + children). */
+static void free_items(xembed_menu_item *items, int count) {
+    if (!items) return;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        free((void *)items[i].label);
+        free_items(items[i].children, items[i].child_count);
+    }
+    free(items);
+}
+
+static void free_popup_data(popup_data *pd) {
+    if (!pd) return;
+    free_items(pd->items, pd->count);
+    free(pd);
+}
+
+
+/* Close every popup window — top-level plus any open submenus.
+   Called when the user clicks an actionable item or focus leaves the
+   menu tree. */
+static void close_all_popups(void) {
+    for (GList *l = submenu_popups; l; l = l->next) {
+        gtk_window_destroy(GTK_WINDOW(l->data));
+    }
+    g_list_free(submenu_popups);
+    submenu_popups = NULL;
+
+    if (popup_win) {
+        gtk_widget_set_visible(popup_win, FALSE);
+    }
+}
+
+static void on_button_clicked(GtkButton *btn, gpointer user_data) {
+    (void)btn;
+    int id = GPOINTER_TO_INT(user_data);
+    close_all_popups();
+    goMenuItemClicked(id);
+}
+
+static void on_check_toggled(GtkCheckButton *btn, gpointer user_data) {
+    (void)btn;
+    int id = GPOINTER_TO_INT(user_data);
+    close_all_popups();
+    goMenuItemClicked(id);
+}
+
+/* The popup is a regular WM-managed window (not override-redirect),
+   so the WM hands keyboard focus to it on map. When focus moves
+   elsewhere — the user clicked somewhere else, switched apps, etc. —
+   the focus controller's "leave" signal fires and we tear down the
+   menu tree. Submenus open from inside the top-level popup, so we
+   defer the actual close to an idle callback: that gives the new
+   submenu a chance to take focus first, and we only close if none of
+   our windows still has it. */
+static gboolean any_popup_has_focus(void) {
+    if (popup_win && gtk_window_is_active(GTK_WINDOW(popup_win)))
+        return TRUE;
+    for (GList *l = submenu_popups; l; l = l->next) {
+        if (gtk_window_is_active(GTK_WINDOW(l->data)))
+            return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static gboolean focus_out_recheck(gpointer user_data) {
+    (void)user_data;
+    if (!any_popup_has_focus())
+        close_all_popups();
+    return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
+}
+
+static void on_popup_focus_leave(GtkEventControllerFocus *ctrl,
+                                  gpointer user_data) {
+    (void)ctrl; (void)user_data;
+    g_idle_add(focus_out_recheck, NULL);
+}
+
+/* Attach a focus controller that fires close_all_popups on focus loss. */
+static void attach_outside_click_close(GtkWidget *win) {
+    GtkEventController *focus = gtk_event_controller_focus_new();
+    g_signal_connect(focus, "leave",
+                     G_CALLBACK(on_popup_focus_leave), NULL);
+    gtk_widget_add_controller(win, focus);
+}
+
+/* Move a GtkWindow at the X11 level. GTK4 removed gtk_window_move(); the
+   GdkSurface is mapped to a real X11 Window we can reposition with
+   XMoveWindow. Must be called after the window has been realized (i.e.
+   after gtk_widget_set_visible TRUE).
+
+   The popup is **not** override-redirect — the WM keeps managing it so
+   focus tracking still works (focus-out fires when the user clicks
+   elsewhere). We tag the window with a stack of EWMH hints that make
+   sane WMs (fluxbox, openbox, i3, kwin, mutter) render it like a
+   floating menu: above the tray panel, skipped from taskbar/pager,
+   no decorations. */
+static void x11_move_window(GtkWidget *win, int x, int y) {
+    GdkSurface *surface = gtk_native_get_surface(GTK_NATIVE(win));
+    if (!surface || !GDK_IS_X11_SURFACE(surface))
+        return;
+    Window xid = gdk_x11_surface_get_xid(surface);
+    GdkDisplay *display = gdk_surface_get_display(surface);
+    Display *xdpy = gdk_x11_display_get_xdisplay(GDK_X11_DISPLAY(display));
+
+    /* These calls poke a window the WM may have already destroyed (a popup
+       torn down between scheduling and this idle callback). On GDK's Display
+       use GDK's own error trap rather than our global handler — push/pop is
+       the spec-correct way to make untrapped BadWindow/BadMatch from these
+       raw Xlib calls non-fatal, independent of whichever process-global
+       handler happens to be installed. */
+    gdk_x11_display_error_trap_push(display);
+
+    /* _NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_POPUP_MENU: makes fluxbox / openbox / etc
+       render the window above panels and skip decorations. Must be
+       set before the window is mapped to be honoured by some WMs;
+       on already-mapped windows it works for most modern WMs but a
+       few need an unmap/map cycle to re-read the property. */
+    Atom wm_type        = XInternAtom(xdpy, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE", False);
+    Atom wm_type_popup  = XInternAtom(xdpy, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_POPUP_MENU", False);
+    XChangeProperty(xdpy, xid, wm_type, XA_ATOM, 32,
+                    PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&wm_type_popup, 1);
+
+    /* _NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE + SKIP_TASKBAR + SKIP_PAGER. Bundled into
+       one property write. */
+    Atom wm_state       = XInternAtom(xdpy, "_NET_WM_STATE", False);
+    Atom state_above    = XInternAtom(xdpy, "_NET_WM_STATE_ABOVE", False);
+    Atom state_skip_tb  = XInternAtom(xdpy, "_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR", False);
+    Atom state_skip_pg  = XInternAtom(xdpy, "_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_PAGER", False);
+    Atom states[3] = { state_above, state_skip_tb, state_skip_pg };
+    XChangeProperty(xdpy, xid, wm_state, XA_ATOM, 32,
+                    PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)states, 3);
+
+    XMoveWindow(xdpy, xid, x, y);
+    XRaiseWindow(xdpy, xid);
+
+    /* POPUP_MENU windows aren't given keyboard focus by most WMs (the
+       spec says they're "menus", which traditionally use a grab rather
+       than focus). Without focus GtkEventControllerFocus's leave signal
+       never fires, so we'd have no way to notice the user clicking
+       elsewhere. Ask the WM to activate us via _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW
+       (source=2 means "pager / pseudo-user request" which most WMs
+       honour without timestamp checks). This is safer than calling
+       XSetInputFocus directly — that races the X server with the
+       not-yet-fully-mapped window and trips BadMatch. */
+    Atom net_active = XInternAtom(xdpy, "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", False);
+    XClientMessageEvent ev;
+    memset(&ev, 0, sizeof(ev));
+    ev.type         = ClientMessage;
+    ev.window       = xid;
+    ev.message_type = net_active;
+    ev.format       = 32;
+    ev.data.l[0]    = 2;            /* source: pager */
+    ev.data.l[1]    = CurrentTime;
+    XSendEvent(xdpy, DefaultRootWindow(xdpy), False,
+               SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask,
+               (XEvent *)&ev);
+
+    XFlush(xdpy);
+    gdk_x11_display_error_trap_pop_ignored(display);
+}
+
+/* Forward declaration — submenu buttons need to schedule a child popup. */
+static GtkWidget *build_menu_box(xembed_menu_item *items, int count);
+
+typedef struct {
+    xembed_menu_item *items;
+    int               count;
+    GtkWidget        *anchor;  /* the submenu button — used to position the popup */
+} submenu_open_data;
+
+static void on_submenu_button_clicked(GtkButton *btn, gpointer user_data) {
+    submenu_open_data *sd = (submenu_open_data *)user_data;
+
+    GtkWidget *win = gtk_window_new();
+    gtk_window_set_decorated(GTK_WINDOW(win), FALSE);
+    gtk_window_set_resizable(GTK_WINDOW(win), FALSE);
+
+    attach_outside_click_close(win);
+
+    GtkWidget *vbox = build_menu_box(sd->items, sd->count);
+    gtk_window_set_child(GTK_WINDOW(win), vbox);
+
+    /* Need the anchor button's position in root coordinates. GTK4
+       removed gtk_widget_translate_coordinates(); compute via the
+       button's bounds within its native widget plus the native
+       surface's screen origin via X11. */
+    graphene_rect_t bounds;
+    if (!gtk_widget_compute_bounds(GTK_WIDGET(btn),
+                                   GTK_WIDGET(gtk_widget_get_native(GTK_WIDGET(btn))),
+                                   &bounds)) {
+        bounds.origin.x = 0;
+        bounds.origin.y = 0;
+        bounds.size.width = 0;
+        bounds.size.height = 0;
+    }
+    GdkSurface *anchor_surface =
+        gtk_native_get_surface(gtk_widget_get_native(GTK_WIDGET(btn)));
+    int ox = 0, oy = 0;
+    if (anchor_surface && GDK_IS_X11_SURFACE(anchor_surface)) {
+        Window axid = gdk_x11_surface_get_xid(anchor_surface);
+        GdkDisplay *display = gdk_surface_get_display(anchor_surface);
+        Display *xdpy = gdk_x11_display_get_xdisplay(GDK_X11_DISPLAY(display));
+        Window child;
+        /* Trap BadWindow in case the anchor's surface is torn down between
+           the click and this handler running. */
+        gdk_x11_display_error_trap_push(display);
+        XTranslateCoordinates(xdpy, axid, DefaultRootWindow(xdpy),
+                              0, 0, &ox, &oy, &child);
+        gdk_x11_display_error_trap_pop_ignored(display);
+    }
+    int ax = ox + (int)bounds.origin.x;
+    int ay = oy + (int)bounds.origin.y;
+
+    gtk_widget_set_visible(win, TRUE);
+
+    int sw, sh;
+    gtk_window_get_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(win), &sw, &sh);
+    if (sw <= 0 || sh <= 0) {
+        /* default_size returns -1,-1 if never explicitly set; fall back
+           to the measured preferred size. */
+        GtkRequisition req;
+        gtk_widget_get_preferred_size(win, NULL, &req);
+        sw = req.width;
+        sh = req.height;
+    }
+
+    /* The parent popup grows upward from the tray, so submenu items
+       sit closer to the bottom of the screen than to the top. Align
+       the submenu's BOTTOM to the anchor button's bottom: the popup
+       grows upward, level with the row that opened it. */
+    int final_x = ax + (int)bounds.size.width;
+    int final_y = ay + (int)bounds.size.height - sh;
+
+    /* Horizontal flip against the monitor under the anchor button. */
+    GdkDisplay *display = gtk_widget_get_display(win);
+    GListModel *monitors = gdk_display_get_monitors(display);
+    guint n = g_list_model_get_n_items(monitors);
+    for (guint i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        GdkMonitor *m = (GdkMonitor *)g_list_model_get_item(monitors, i);
+        GdkRectangle geom;
+        gdk_monitor_get_geometry(m, &geom);
+        if (ax >= geom.x && ax < geom.x + geom.width &&
+            ay >= geom.y && ay < geom.y + geom.height) {
+            if (final_x + sw > geom.x + geom.width)
+                final_x = ax - sw;          /* flip to the left */
+            g_object_unref(m);
+            break;
+        }
+        g_object_unref(m);
+    }
+
+    x11_move_window(win, final_x, final_y);
+    gtk_window_present(GTK_WINDOW(win));
+
+    submenu_popups = g_list_prepend(submenu_popups, win);
+}
+
+/* Build a vbox of GtkWidgets for the supplied items. Used for both the
+   top-level popup and each submenu popup. The submenu_open_data attached
+   to submenu buttons is freed when the button is destroyed. */
+static void on_button_destroy_free_data(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer user_data) {
+    (void)widget;
+    free(user_data);
+}
+
+static GtkWidget *build_menu_box(xembed_menu_item *items, int count) {
+    GtkWidget *vbox = gtk_box_new(GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, 0);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        xembed_menu_item *mi = &items[i];
+
+        if (mi->is_separator) {
+            GtkWidget *sep = gtk_separator_new(GTK_ORIENTATION_HORIZONTAL);
+            gtk_widget_set_margin_top(sep, 2);
+            gtk_widget_set_margin_bottom(sep, 2);
+            gtk_box_append(GTK_BOX(vbox), sep);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (mi->is_check) {
+            GtkWidget *chk = gtk_check_button_new_with_label(
+                mi->label ? mi->label : "");
+            gtk_check_button_set_active(GTK_CHECK_BUTTON(chk), mi->checked);
+            gtk_widget_set_sensitive(chk, mi->enabled);
+            g_signal_connect(chk, "toggled",
+                             G_CALLBACK(on_check_toggled),
+                             GINT_TO_POINTER(mi->id));
+            gtk_box_append(GTK_BOX(vbox), chk);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* Plain button (leaf) or submenu opener. Show "Label  ▸" for
+           submenu folders so users see they're nested. */
+        const char *label_text = mi->label ? mi->label : "";
+        char *display_label = NULL;
+        if (mi->child_count > 0 && mi->children) {
+            /* Compose "label  ▸" (BLACK RIGHT-POINTING SMALL TRIANGLE). */
+            size_t n = strlen(label_text) + 8;  /* ascii + " ▸" + NUL */
+            display_label = (char *)malloc(n);
+            snprintf(display_label, n, "%s \xE2\x96\xB8", label_text);
+            label_text = display_label;
+        }
+
+        GtkWidget *btn = gtk_button_new_with_label(label_text);
+        gtk_widget_set_sensitive(btn, mi->enabled);
+        gtk_button_set_has_frame(GTK_BUTTON(btn), FALSE);
+        GtkWidget *lbl = gtk_button_get_child(GTK_BUTTON(btn));
+        if (GTK_IS_LABEL(lbl))
+            gtk_label_set_xalign(GTK_LABEL(lbl), 0.0);
+
+        free(display_label);
+
+        if (mi->child_count > 0 && mi->children) {
+            submenu_open_data *sd =
+                (submenu_open_data *)calloc(1, sizeof(submenu_open_data));
+            sd->items   = mi->children;
+            sd->count   = mi->child_count;
+            sd->anchor  = btn;
+            g_signal_connect(btn, "clicked",
+                             G_CALLBACK(on_submenu_button_clicked), sd);
+            g_signal_connect(btn, "destroy",
+                             G_CALLBACK(on_button_destroy_free_data), sd);
+        } else {
+            g_signal_connect(btn, "clicked",
+                             G_CALLBACK(on_button_clicked),
+                             GINT_TO_POINTER(mi->id));
+        }
+        gtk_box_append(GTK_BOX(vbox), btn);
+    }
+
+    return vbox;
+}
+
+static gboolean popup_menu_idle(gpointer user_data) {
+    popup_data *pd = (popup_data *)user_data;
+
+    /* Destroy old top-level (and orphan submenus) before rebuilding. */
+    close_all_popups();
+    if (popup_win) {
+        gtk_window_destroy(GTK_WINDOW(popup_win));
+        popup_win = NULL;
+    }
+
+    popup_win = gtk_window_new();
+    gtk_window_set_decorated(GTK_WINDOW(popup_win), FALSE);
+    gtk_window_set_resizable(GTK_WINDOW(popup_win), FALSE);
+
+    attach_outside_click_close(popup_win);
+
+    GtkWidget *vbox = build_menu_box(pd->items, pd->count);
+    gtk_window_set_child(GTK_WINDOW(popup_win), vbox);
+
+    gtk_widget_set_visible(popup_win, TRUE);
+
+    /* Position the window above the click point (menu grows upward
+       from tray). Use measured preferred size — default_size is -1
+       until set. */
+    GtkRequisition req;
+    gtk_widget_get_preferred_size(popup_win, NULL, &req);
+    int win_w = req.width;
+    int win_h = req.height;
+
+    int final_x = pd->x - win_w / 2;
+    int final_y = pd->y - win_h;
+    if (final_x < 0) final_x = 0;
+    if (final_y < 0) final_y = pd->y;  /* fallback: below click */
+    x11_move_window(popup_win, final_x, final_y);
+
+    gtk_window_present(GTK_WINDOW(popup_win));
+
+    /* The vbox+children retain pointers into pd->items (via submenu
+       click handlers). free_popup_data() walks the array recursively
+       to release labels and children buffers — but we need to keep
+       the items alive while the popup is open. Defer the free until
+       the popup window is destroyed. */
+    g_object_set_data_full(G_OBJECT(popup_win), "popup_data", pd,
+                           (GDestroyNotify)free_popup_data);
+    return G_SOURCE_REMOVE;
+}
+
+/* Recursively deep-copy a Go-supplied items array into freshly-allocated
+   C memory. Each label is strdup'd, each children array is calloc'd. */
+static xembed_menu_item *copy_items(xembed_menu_item *src, int count) {
+    if (count <= 0 || !src) return NULL;
+    xembed_menu_item *dst =
+        (xembed_menu_item *)calloc(count, sizeof(xembed_menu_item));
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        dst[i] = src[i];
+        if (src[i].label)
+            dst[i].label = strdup(src[i].label);
+        if (src[i].child_count > 0 && src[i].children) {
+            dst[i].children   = copy_items(src[i].children, src[i].child_count);
+            dst[i].child_count = src[i].child_count;
+        } else {
+            dst[i].children   = NULL;
+            dst[i].child_count = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return dst;
+}
+
+void xembed_show_popup_menu(xembed_menu_item *items, int count,
+                            xembed_menu_click_cb cb, int x, int y) {
+    (void)cb;
+    popup_data *pd = (popup_data *)calloc(1, sizeof(popup_data));
+    pd->items = copy_items(items, count);
+    pd->count = count;
+    pd->x = x;
+    pd->y = y;
+
+    g_idle_add(popup_menu_idle, pd);
+}
diff --git a/client/ui/xembed_tray_linux.h b/client/ui/xembed_tray_linux.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18a77c4c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/ui/xembed_tray_linux.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#ifndef XEMBED_TRAY_H
+#define XEMBED_TRAY_H
+
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
+
+// xembed_default_screen wraps the DefaultScreen macro for CGo.
+static inline int xembed_default_screen(Display *dpy) {
+    return DefaultScreen(dpy);
+}
+
+// xembed_install_error_handlers replaces Xlib's default protocol- and
+// I/O-error handlers (which call exit()) with logging handlers, so an async
+// X error from a tray race doesn't kill the UI process. Process-global and
+// idempotent; safe to call after every XOpenDisplay.
+void xembed_install_error_handlers(void);
+
+// xembed_find_tray returns the selection owner window for
+// _NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_S{screen}, or 0 if no XEmbed tray manager exists.
+Window xembed_find_tray(Display *dpy, int screen);
+
+// xembed_get_icon_size queries _NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_ICON_SIZE from the tray
+// manager window. Returns the size in pixels, or 0 if not set.
+int xembed_get_icon_size(Display *dpy, Window tray_mgr);
+
+// xembed_create_icon creates a tray icon window of the given size,
+// sets _XEMBED_INFO, and returns the window ID.
+// tray_mgr is the tray manager window; its _NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_VISUAL
+// property is queried to obtain a 32-bit ARGB visual for transparency.
+Window xembed_create_icon(Display *dpy, int screen, int size, Window tray_mgr);
+
+// xembed_dock sends _NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_OPCODE SYSTEM_TRAY_REQUEST_DOCK
+// to the tray manager to embed our icon window.
+int xembed_dock(Display *dpy, Window tray_mgr, Window icon_win);
+
+// xembed_draw_icon draws ARGB pixel data onto the icon window.
+// data is in [A,R,G,B] byte order per pixel (SNI IconPixmap format).
+// img_w, img_h are the source image dimensions.
+// win_size is the target window dimension (square).
+void xembed_draw_icon(Display *dpy, Window icon_win, int win_size,
+                      const unsigned char *data, int img_w, int img_h);
+
+// xembed_destroy_icon destroys the icon window.
+void xembed_destroy_icon(Display *dpy, Window icon_win);
+
+// xembed_poll_event processes pending X11 events. Returns:
+//   0 = no actionable event
+//   1 = left button press (out_x, out_y filled)
+//   2 = right button press (out_x, out_y filled)
+//   3 = expose (needs redraw)
+//   4 = configure (resize; out_x=width, out_y=height)
+//  -1 = DestroyNotify on icon window (tray died)
+int xembed_poll_event(Display *dpy, Window icon_win,
+                      int *out_x, int *out_y);
+
+// Callback type for menu item clicks. Called with the item's dbusmenu ID.
+typedef void (*xembed_menu_click_cb)(int id);
+
+// xembed_popup_menu builds and shows a GTK3 popup menu.
+// items is an array of menu item descriptors, count is the number of items.
+// cb is called (from the GTK main thread) when an item is clicked.
+// x, y are root coordinates for positioning the popup.
+// This must be called from the GTK main thread (use g_idle_add).
+
+typedef struct xembed_menu_item {
+    int    id;          // dbusmenu item ID
+    const char *label;  // display label (NULL for separator)
+    int    enabled;     // whether the item is clickable
+    int    is_check;    // whether this is a checkbox item
+    int    checked;     // checkbox state (0 or 1)
+    int    is_separator;// 1 if this is a separator
+    // children + child_count populate when this item is a submenu folder
+    // (dbusmenu's children-display=="submenu"). NULL/0 means leaf item.
+    struct xembed_menu_item *children;
+    int child_count;
+} xembed_menu_item;
+
+// Schedule a GTK popup menu on the main thread.
+void xembed_show_popup_menu(xembed_menu_item *items, int count,
+                            xembed_menu_click_cb cb, int x, int y);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/client/wasm/cmd/main.go b/client/wasm/cmd/main.go
index d8e50ab6d..260a528f0 100644
--- a/client/wasm/cmd/main.go
+++ b/client/wasm/cmd/main.go
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall/js"
 	"time"
 
@@ -14,9 +17,11 @@ import (
 	netbird "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
 	sshdetection "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/detection"
 	nbstatus "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/status"
+	wasmcapture "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/wasm/internal/capture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/wasm/internal/http"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/wasm/internal/rdp"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/wasm/internal/ssh"
+	nbwebsocket "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/wasm/internal/websocket"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
@@ -26,6 +31,7 @@ const (
 	pingTimeout                = 10 * time.Second
 	defaultLogLevel            = "warn"
 	defaultSSHDetectionTimeout = 20 * time.Second
+	dialWebSocketTimeout       = 30 * time.Second
 
 	icmpEchoRequest = 8
 	icmpCodeEcho    = 0
@@ -50,8 +56,7 @@ func startClient(ctx context.Context, nbClient *netbird.Client) error {
 // parseClientOptions extracts NetBird options from JavaScript object
 func parseClientOptions(jsOptions js.Value) (netbird.Options, error) {
 	options := netbird.Options{
-		DeviceName: "dashboard-client",
-		LogLevel:   defaultLogLevel,
+		LogLevel: defaultLogLevel,
 	}
 
 	if jwtToken := jsOptions.Get("jwtToken"); !jwtToken.IsNull() && !jwtToken.IsUndefined() {
@@ -81,9 +86,41 @@ func parseClientOptions(jsOptions js.Value) (netbird.Options, error) {
 		options.DeviceName = deviceName.String()
 	}
 
+	disableIPv6, err := boolOption(jsOptions, "disableIPv6")
+	if err != nil {
+		return options, err
+	}
+	if disableIPv6 != nil {
+		options.DisableIPv6 = *disableIPv6
+	}
+
+	// The caller decides whether this client uses lazy connections; left unset it
+	// defers to the management feature flag. A short-lived, interactive caller
+	// turns it off so its sessions reach the few peers their grant covers eagerly,
+	// instead of the first request waiting for the connection to be established.
+	lazyConnectionEnabled, err := boolOption(jsOptions, "lazyConnectionEnabled")
+	if err != nil {
+		return options, err
+	}
+	options.LazyConnectionEnabled = lazyConnectionEnabled
+
 	return options, nil
 }
 
+// boolOption reads a boolean option, returning nil when the caller left it out.
+// js.Value.Bool panics on any other type, so a wrong type is reported instead.
+func boolOption(jsOptions js.Value, name string) (*bool, error) {
+	v := jsOptions.Get(name)
+	if v.IsNull() || v.IsUndefined() {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if v.Type() != js.TypeBoolean {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("option %s must be a boolean, got %s", name, v.Type())
+	}
+	b := v.Bool()
+	return &b, nil
+}
+
 // createStartMethod creates the start method for the client
 func createStartMethod(client *netbird.Client) js.Func {
 	return js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
@@ -161,39 +198,58 @@ func createSSHMethod(client *netbird.Client) js.Func {
 			})
 		}
 
-		var jwtToken string
-		if len(args) > 3 && !args[3].IsNull() && !args[3].IsUndefined() {
-			jwtToken = args[3].String()
-		}
+		jwtToken, ipVersion := parseSSHOptions(args)
 
 		return createPromise(func(resolve, reject js.Value) {
-			sshClient := ssh.NewClient(client)
-
-			if err := sshClient.Connect(host, port, username, jwtToken); err != nil {
+			jsInterface, err := connectSSH(client, host, port, username, jwtToken, ipVersion)
+			if err != nil {
 				reject.Invoke(err.Error())
 				return
 			}
-
-			if err := sshClient.StartSession(80, 24); err != nil {
-				if closeErr := sshClient.Close(); closeErr != nil {
-					log.Errorf("Error closing SSH client: %v", closeErr)
-				}
-				reject.Invoke(err.Error())
-				return
-			}
-
-			jsInterface := ssh.CreateJSInterface(sshClient)
 			resolve.Invoke(jsInterface)
 		})
 	})
 }
 
-func performPing(client *netbird.Client, hostname string) {
+func parseSSHOptions(args []js.Value) (jwtToken string, ipVersion int) {
+	if len(args) > 3 && !args[3].IsNull() && !args[3].IsUndefined() {
+		jwtToken = args[3].String()
+	}
+	if len(args) > 4 {
+		ipVersion = jsIPVersion(args[4])
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func connectSSH(client *netbird.Client, host string, port int, username, jwtToken string, ipVersion int) (js.Value, error) {
+	sshClient := ssh.NewClient(client)
+
+	if err := sshClient.Connect(host, port, username, jwtToken, ipVersion); err != nil {
+		return js.Undefined(), err
+	}
+
+	if err := sshClient.StartSession(80, 24); err != nil {
+		if closeErr := sshClient.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Error closing SSH client: %v", closeErr)
+		}
+		return js.Undefined(), err
+	}
+
+	return ssh.CreateJSInterface(sshClient), nil
+}
+
+func performPing(client *netbird.Client, hostname string, ipVersion int) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), pingTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
+	// Default to ping4 to avoid dual-stack ICMP endpoint issues in wireguard-go netstack.
+	network := "ping4"
+	if ipVersion == 6 {
+		network = "ping6"
+	}
+
 	start := time.Now()
-	conn, err := client.Dial(ctx, "ping", hostname)
+	conn, err := client.Dial(ctx, network, hostname)
 	if err != nil {
 		js.Global().Get("console").Call("log", fmt.Sprintf("Ping to %s failed: %v", hostname, err))
 		return
@@ -220,27 +276,39 @@ func performPing(client *netbird.Client, hostname string) {
 	}
 
 	latency := time.Since(start)
-	js.Global().Get("console").Call("log", fmt.Sprintf("Ping to %s: %dms", hostname, latency.Milliseconds()))
+	remote := conn.RemoteAddr().String()
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("Ping to %s: %dms", hostname, latency.Milliseconds())
+	if remote != hostname {
+		msg += fmt.Sprintf(" (via %s)", remote)
+	}
+	js.Global().Get("console").Call("log", msg)
 }
 
-func performPingTCP(client *netbird.Client, hostname string, port int) {
+func performPingTCP(client *netbird.Client, hostname string, port, ipVersion int) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), pingTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	address := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", hostname, port)
+	network := ipVersionNetwork("tcp", ipVersion)
+
+	address := net.JoinHostPort(hostname, fmt.Sprintf("%d", port))
 	start := time.Now()
-	conn, err := client.Dial(ctx, "tcp", address)
+	conn, err := client.Dial(ctx, network, address)
 	if err != nil {
 		js.Global().Get("console").Call("log", fmt.Sprintf("TCP ping to %s failed: %v", address, err))
 		return
 	}
 	latency := time.Since(start)
 
+	remote := conn.RemoteAddr().String()
 	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to close TCP connection: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	js.Global().Get("console").Call("log", fmt.Sprintf("TCP ping to %s succeeded: %dms", address, latency.Milliseconds()))
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("TCP ping to %s succeeded: %dms", address, latency.Milliseconds())
+	if remote != address {
+		msg += fmt.Sprintf(" (via %s)", remote)
+	}
+	js.Global().Get("console").Call("log", msg)
 }
 
 // createPingMethod creates the ping method
@@ -257,8 +325,12 @@ func createPingMethod(client *netbird.Client) js.Func {
 		}
 
 		hostname := args[0].String()
+		var ipVersion int
+		if len(args) > 1 {
+			ipVersion = jsIPVersion(args[1])
+		}
 		return createPromise(func(resolve, reject js.Value) {
-			performPing(client, hostname)
+			performPing(client, hostname, ipVersion)
 			resolve.Invoke(js.Undefined())
 		})
 	})
@@ -285,8 +357,12 @@ func createPingTCPMethod(client *netbird.Client) js.Func {
 
 		hostname := args[0].String()
 		port := args[1].Int()
+		var ipVersion int
+		if len(args) > 2 {
+			ipVersion = jsIPVersion(args[2])
+		}
 		return createPromise(func(resolve, reject js.Value) {
-			performPingTCP(client, hostname, port)
+			performPingTCP(client, hostname, port, ipVersion)
 			resolve.Invoke(js.Undefined())
 		})
 	})
@@ -459,6 +535,120 @@ func createSetLogLevelMethod(client *netbird.Client) js.Func {
 	})
 }
 
+// ipVersionNetwork appends "4" or "6" to a base network string (e.g. "tcp" -> "tcp4").
+func ipVersionNetwork(base string, ipVersion int) string {
+	switch ipVersion {
+	case 4:
+		return base + "4"
+	case 6:
+		return base + "6"
+	default:
+		return base
+	}
+}
+
+// jsIPVersion extracts an IP version (4 or 6) from a JS string or number.
+func jsIPVersion(v js.Value) int {
+	switch v.Type() {
+	case js.TypeNumber:
+		return v.Int()
+	case js.TypeString:
+		n, _ := strconv.Atoi(v.String())
+		return n
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+// createStartCaptureMethod creates the programmable packet capture method.
+// Returns a JS interface with onpacket callback and stop() method.
+//
+// Usage from JavaScript:
+//
+//	const cap = await client.startCapture({ filter: "tcp port 443", verbose: true })
+//	cap.onpacket = (line) => console.log(line)
+//	const stats = cap.stop()
+func createStartCaptureMethod(client *netbird.Client) js.Func {
+	return js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+		var opts js.Value
+		if len(args) > 0 {
+			opts = args[0]
+		}
+
+		return createPromise(func(resolve, reject js.Value) {
+			iface, err := wasmcapture.Start(client, opts)
+			if err != nil {
+				reject.Invoke(js.ValueOf(fmt.Sprintf("start capture: %v", err)))
+				return
+			}
+			resolve.Invoke(iface)
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+// captureMethods returns capture() and stopCapture() that share state for
+// the console-log shortcut. capture() logs packets to the browser console
+// and stopCapture() ends it, like Ctrl+C on the CLI.
+//
+// Usage from browser devtools console:
+//
+//	await client.capture()              // capture all packets
+//	await client.capture("tcp")         // capture with filter
+//	await client.capture({filter: "host 10.0.0.1", verbose: true})
+//	client.stopCapture()                // stop and print stats
+func captureMethods(client *netbird.Client) (startFn, stopFn js.Func) {
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var active *wasmcapture.Handle
+
+	startFn = js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+		var opts js.Value
+		if len(args) > 0 {
+			opts = args[0]
+		}
+
+		return createPromise(func(resolve, reject js.Value) {
+			mu.Lock()
+			defer mu.Unlock()
+
+			if active != nil {
+				active.Stop()
+				active = nil
+			}
+
+			h, err := wasmcapture.StartConsole(client, opts)
+			if err != nil {
+				reject.Invoke(js.ValueOf(fmt.Sprintf("start capture: %v", err)))
+				return
+			}
+			active = h
+
+			console := js.Global().Get("console")
+			console.Call("log", "[capture] started, call client.stopCapture() to stop")
+			resolve.Invoke(js.Undefined())
+		})
+	})
+
+	stopFn = js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, _ []js.Value) any {
+		mu.Lock()
+		defer mu.Unlock()
+
+		if active == nil {
+			js.Global().Get("console").Call("log", "[capture] no active capture")
+			return js.Undefined()
+		}
+
+		stats := active.Stop()
+		active = nil
+
+		console := js.Global().Get("console")
+		console.Call("log", fmt.Sprintf("[capture] stopped: %d packets, %d bytes, %d dropped",
+			stats.Packets, stats.Bytes, stats.Dropped))
+		return js.Undefined()
+	})
+
+	return startFn, stopFn
+}
+
 // createPromise is a helper to create JavaScript promises
 func createPromise(handler func(resolve, reject js.Value)) js.Value {
 	return js.Global().Get("Promise").New(js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, promiseArgs []js.Value) any {
@@ -516,15 +706,89 @@ func createClientObject(client *netbird.Client) js.Value {
 	obj["createSSHConnection"] = createSSHMethod(client)
 	obj["proxyRequest"] = createProxyRequestMethod(client)
 	obj["createRDPProxy"] = createRDPProxyMethod(client)
+	obj["dialWebSocket"] = createDialWebSocketMethod(client)
 	obj["status"] = createStatusMethod(client)
 	obj["statusSummary"] = createStatusSummaryMethod(client)
 	obj["statusDetail"] = createStatusDetailMethod(client)
 	obj["getSyncResponse"] = createGetSyncResponseMethod(client)
 	obj["setLogLevel"] = createSetLogLevelMethod(client)
+	obj["startCapture"] = createStartCaptureMethod(client)
+
+	capStart, capStop := captureMethods(client)
+	obj["capture"] = capStart
+	obj["stopCapture"] = capStop
 
 	return js.ValueOf(obj)
 }
 
+func createDialWebSocketMethod(client *netbird.Client) js.Func {
+	return js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+		url, protocols, timeout, errVal := parseDialWebSocketArgs(args)
+		if !errVal.IsUndefined() {
+			return errVal
+		}
+
+		return createPromise(func(resolve, reject js.Value) {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+			defer cancel()
+
+			conn, err := nbwebsocket.Dial(ctx, client, url, protocols)
+			if err != nil {
+				reject.Invoke(js.ValueOf(fmt.Sprintf("dial websocket: %v", err)))
+				return
+			}
+
+			resolve.Invoke(nbwebsocket.NewJSInterface(conn))
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+func parseDialWebSocketArgs(args []js.Value) (url string, protocols []string, timeout time.Duration, errVal js.Value) {
+	if len(args) < 1 || args[0].Type() != js.TypeString {
+		return "", nil, 0, js.ValueOf("error: dialWebSocket requires a URL string argument")
+	}
+	url = args[0].String()
+
+	if len(args) >= 2 && !args[1].IsNull() && !args[1].IsUndefined() {
+		arr, err := jsStringArray(args[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", nil, 0, js.ValueOf(fmt.Sprintf("error: protocols: %v", err))
+		}
+		protocols = arr
+	}
+
+	timeout = dialWebSocketTimeout
+	if len(args) >= 3 && !args[2].IsNull() && !args[2].IsUndefined() {
+		if args[2].Type() != js.TypeNumber {
+			return "", nil, 0, js.ValueOf("error: timeoutMs must be a number")
+		}
+		timeoutMs := args[2].Int()
+		if timeoutMs <= 0 {
+			return "", nil, 0, js.ValueOf("error: timeout must be positive")
+		}
+		timeout = time.Duration(timeoutMs) * time.Millisecond
+	}
+
+	return url, protocols, timeout, js.Undefined()
+}
+
+// jsStringArray converts a JS array of strings to a Go []string.
+func jsStringArray(v js.Value) ([]string, error) {
+	if !v.InstanceOf(js.Global().Get("Array")) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected array")
+	}
+	n := v.Length()
+	out := make([]string, n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		el := v.Index(i)
+		if el.Type() != js.TypeString {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("element %d is not a string", i)
+		}
+		out[i] = el.String()
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 // netBirdClientConstructor acts as a JavaScript constructor function
 func netBirdClientConstructor(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 	return js.Global().Get("Promise").New(js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, promiseArgs []js.Value) any {
diff --git a/client/wasm/cmd/main_test.go b/client/wasm/cmd/main_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ec5a8f6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/wasm/cmd/main_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//go:build js
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"syscall/js"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestParseClientOptionsBooleans covers the boolean options against the value
+// kinds a JS caller can pass: js.Value.Bool panics on anything but a boolean,
+// so a wrong type has to be rejected before it reaches the client.
+func TestParseClientOptionsBooleans(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("unset leaves the lazy override empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		options, err := parseClientOptions(js.Global().Get("Object").New())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("parse options: %v", err)
+		}
+		if options.LazyConnectionEnabled != nil {
+			t.Errorf("lazy override should stay unset, got %v", *options.LazyConnectionEnabled)
+		}
+		if options.DisableIPv6 {
+			t.Error("disableIPv6 should default to false")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("null defers to the management flag", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jsOptions := js.Global().Get("Object").New()
+		jsOptions.Set("lazyConnectionEnabled", js.Null())
+		options, err := parseClientOptions(jsOptions)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("parse options: %v", err)
+		}
+		if options.LazyConnectionEnabled != nil {
+			t.Errorf("lazy override should stay unset, got %v", *options.LazyConnectionEnabled)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("booleans are carried through", func(t *testing.T) {
+		jsOptions := js.Global().Get("Object").New()
+		jsOptions.Set("lazyConnectionEnabled", false)
+		jsOptions.Set("disableIPv6", true)
+		options, err := parseClientOptions(jsOptions)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("parse options: %v", err)
+		}
+		if options.LazyConnectionEnabled == nil || *options.LazyConnectionEnabled {
+			t.Errorf("lazy override should be false, got %v", options.LazyConnectionEnabled)
+		}
+		if !options.DisableIPv6 {
+			t.Error("disableIPv6 should be true")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a non-boolean is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, value := range []any{"true", 1, js.Global().Get("Object").New()} {
+			jsOptions := js.Global().Get("Object").New()
+			jsOptions.Set("lazyConnectionEnabled", value)
+			if _, err := parseClientOptions(jsOptions); err == nil {
+				t.Errorf("value %v should be rejected", value)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/client/wasm/internal/capture/capture.go b/client/wasm/internal/capture/capture.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53e43c45e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/wasm/internal/capture/capture.go
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+//go:build js
+
+// Package capture bridges the util/capture package to JavaScript via syscall/js.
+package capture
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall/js"
+
+	netbird "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
+)
+
+// Handle holds a running capture session so it can be stopped later.
+type Handle struct {
+	cs      *netbird.CaptureSession
+	stopFn  js.Func
+	stopped bool
+}
+
+// Stop ends the capture and returns stats.
+func (h *Handle) Stop() netbird.CaptureStats {
+	if h.stopped {
+		return h.cs.Stats()
+	}
+	h.stopped = true
+	h.stopFn.Release()
+
+	h.cs.Stop()
+	return h.cs.Stats()
+}
+
+func statsToJS(s netbird.CaptureStats) js.Value {
+	obj := js.Global().Get("Object").Call("create", js.Null())
+	obj.Set("packets", js.ValueOf(s.Packets))
+	obj.Set("bytes", js.ValueOf(s.Bytes))
+	obj.Set("dropped", js.ValueOf(s.Dropped))
+	return obj
+}
+
+// parseOpts extracts filter/verbose/ascii from a JS options value.
+func parseOpts(jsOpts js.Value) (filter string, verbose, ascii bool) {
+	if jsOpts.IsNull() || jsOpts.IsUndefined() {
+		return
+	}
+	if jsOpts.Type() == js.TypeString {
+		filter = jsOpts.String()
+		return
+	}
+	if jsOpts.Type() != js.TypeObject {
+		return
+	}
+	if f := jsOpts.Get("filter"); !f.IsUndefined() && !f.IsNull() {
+		filter = f.String()
+	}
+	if v := jsOpts.Get("verbose"); !v.IsUndefined() {
+		verbose = v.Truthy()
+	}
+	if a := jsOpts.Get("ascii"); !a.IsUndefined() {
+		ascii = a.Truthy()
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// Start creates a capture session and returns a JS interface for streaming text
+// output. The returned object exposes:
+//
+//	onpacket(callback)  - set callback(string) for each text line
+//	stop()              - stop capture and return stats { packets, bytes, dropped }
+//
+// Options: { filter: string, verbose: bool, ascii: bool } or just a filter string.
+func Start(client *netbird.Client, jsOpts js.Value) (js.Value, error) {
+	filter, verbose, ascii := parseOpts(jsOpts)
+
+	cb := &jsCallbackWriter{}
+
+	cs, err := client.StartCapture(netbird.CaptureOptions{
+		TextOutput: cb,
+		Filter:     filter,
+		Verbose:    verbose,
+		ASCII:      ascii,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return js.Undefined(), err
+	}
+
+	handle := &Handle{cs: cs}
+
+	iface := js.Global().Get("Object").Call("create", js.Null())
+	handle.stopFn = js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, _ []js.Value) any {
+		return statsToJS(handle.Stop())
+	})
+	iface.Set("stop", handle.stopFn)
+	iface.Set("onpacket", js.Undefined())
+	cb.setInterface(iface)
+
+	return iface, nil
+}
+
+// StartConsole starts a capture that logs every packet line to console.log.
+// Returns a Handle so the caller can stop it later.
+func StartConsole(client *netbird.Client, jsOpts js.Value) (*Handle, error) {
+	filter, verbose, ascii := parseOpts(jsOpts)
+
+	cb := &jsCallbackWriter{}
+
+	cs, err := client.StartCapture(netbird.CaptureOptions{
+		TextOutput: cb,
+		Filter:     filter,
+		Verbose:    verbose,
+		ASCII:      ascii,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	handle := &Handle{cs: cs}
+	handle.stopFn = js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, _ []js.Value) any {
+		return statsToJS(handle.Stop())
+	})
+
+	iface := js.Global().Get("Object").Call("create", js.Null())
+	console := js.Global().Get("console")
+	iface.Set("onpacket", console.Get("log").Call("bind", console, js.ValueOf("[capture]")))
+	cb.setInterface(iface)
+
+	return handle, nil
+}
+
+// jsCallbackWriter is an io.Writer that buffers text until a newline, then
+// invokes the JS onpacket callback with each complete line.
+type jsCallbackWriter struct {
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	iface js.Value
+	buf   strings.Builder
+}
+
+func (w *jsCallbackWriter) setInterface(iface js.Value) {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	defer w.mu.Unlock()
+	w.iface = iface
+}
+
+func (w *jsCallbackWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	w.mu.Lock()
+	w.buf.Write(p)
+
+	var lines []string
+	for {
+		str := w.buf.String()
+		idx := strings.IndexByte(str, '\n')
+		if idx < 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		lines = append(lines, str[:idx])
+		w.buf.Reset()
+		if idx+1 < len(str) {
+			w.buf.WriteString(str[idx+1:])
+		}
+	}
+
+	iface := w.iface
+	w.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if iface.IsUndefined() {
+		return len(p), nil
+	}
+	cb := iface.Get("onpacket")
+	if cb.IsUndefined() || cb.IsNull() {
+		return len(p), nil
+	}
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		cb.Invoke(js.ValueOf(line))
+	}
+	return len(p), nil
+}
diff --git a/client/wasm/internal/rdp/cert_validation.go b/client/wasm/internal/rdp/cert_validation.go
index 1678c3996..47e30b6e6 100644
--- a/client/wasm/internal/rdp/cert_validation.go
+++ b/client/wasm/internal/rdp/cert_validation.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall/js"
 	"time"
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	certValidationTimeout = 60 * time.Second
+	certValidationTimeout = 5 * time.Minute
 )
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) validateCertificateWithJS(conn *proxyConnection, certChain [][]byte) (bool, error) {
@@ -46,17 +47,31 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) validateCertificateWithJS(conn *proxyConnection, cert
 
 	promise := conn.wsHandlers.Call("onCertificateRequest", certInfo)
 
-	resultChan := make(chan bool)
-	errorChan := make(chan error)
+	resultChan := make(chan bool, 1)
+	errorChan := make(chan error, 1)
 
-	promise.Call("then", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
-		result := args[0].Bool()
-		resultChan <- result
+	// Release from inside the callbacks so a post-timeout promise resolution
+	// does not invoke an already-released func.
+	var thenFn, catchFn js.Func
+	var releaseOnce sync.Once
+	release := func() {
+		releaseOnce.Do(func() {
+			thenFn.Release()
+			catchFn.Release()
+		})
+	}
+	thenFn = js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
+		defer release()
+		resultChan <- args[0].Bool()
 		return nil
-	})).Call("catch", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
+	})
+	catchFn = js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) interface{} {
+		defer release()
 		errorChan <- fmt.Errorf("certificate validation failed")
 		return nil
-	}))
+	})
+
+	promise.Call("then", thenFn).Call("catch", catchFn)
 
 	select {
 	case result := <-resultChan:
diff --git a/client/wasm/internal/rdp/rdcleanpath.go b/client/wasm/internal/rdp/rdcleanpath.go
index 16bf63bb9..3d8be8950 100644
--- a/client/wasm/internal/rdp/rdcleanpath.go
+++ b/client/wasm/internal/rdp/rdcleanpath.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall/js"
 	"time"
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ const (
 	RDCleanPathProxyHost   = "rdcleanpath.proxy.local"
 	RDCleanPathProxyScheme = "ws"
 
-	rdpDialTimeout = 15 * time.Second
+	rdpDialTimeout = 30 * time.Second
 
 	GeneralErrorCode = 1
 	WSAETimedOut     = 10060
@@ -57,6 +58,8 @@ type RDCleanPathProxy struct {
 	}
 	activeConnections map[string]*proxyConnection
 	destinations      map[string]string
+	pendingHandlers   map[string]js.Func
+	nextID            atomic.Uint64
 	mu                sync.Mutex
 }
 
@@ -66,8 +69,15 @@ type proxyConnection struct {
 	rdpConn     net.Conn
 	tlsConn     *tls.Conn
 	wsHandlers  js.Value
-	ctx         context.Context
-	cancel      context.CancelFunc
+	// Go-side callbacks exposed to JS. js.FuncOf pins the Go closure in a
+	// global handle map and MUST be released, otherwise every connection
+	// leaks the Go memory the closure captures.
+	wsHandlerFn  js.Func
+	onMessageFn  js.Func
+	onCloseFn    js.Func
+	cleanupOnce  sync.Once
+	ctx          context.Context
+	cancel       context.CancelFunc
 }
 
 // NewRDCleanPathProxy creates a new RDCleanPath proxy
@@ -80,15 +90,19 @@ func NewRDCleanPathProxy(client interface {
 	}
 }
 
-// CreateProxy creates a new proxy endpoint for the given destination
+// CreateProxy creates a new proxy endpoint for the given destination.
+// The registered handler fn and its destinations/pendingHandlers entries are
+// only released once a connection is established and cleanupConnection runs.
+// If a caller invokes CreateProxy but never connects to the returned URL,
+// those entries stay pinned for the lifetime of the page.
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) CreateProxy(hostname, port string) js.Value {
-	destination := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", hostname, port)
+	destination := net.JoinHostPort(hostname, port)
 
 	return js.Global().Get("Promise").New(js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		resolve := args[0]
 
 		go func() {
-			proxyID := fmt.Sprintf("proxy_%d", len(p.activeConnections))
+			proxyID := fmt.Sprintf("proxy_%d", p.nextID.Add(1))
 
 			p.mu.Lock()
 			if p.destinations == nil {
@@ -100,7 +114,7 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) CreateProxy(hostname, port string) js.Value {
 			proxyURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s/%s", RDCleanPathProxyScheme, RDCleanPathProxyHost, proxyID)
 
 			// Register the WebSocket handler for this specific proxy
-			js.Global().Set(fmt.Sprintf("handleRDCleanPathWebSocket_%s", proxyID), js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+			handlerFn := js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 				if len(args) < 1 {
 					return js.ValueOf("error: requires WebSocket argument")
 				}
@@ -108,7 +122,14 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) CreateProxy(hostname, port string) js.Value {
 				ws := args[0]
 				p.HandleWebSocketConnection(ws, proxyID)
 				return nil
-			}))
+			})
+			p.mu.Lock()
+			if p.pendingHandlers == nil {
+				p.pendingHandlers = make(map[string]js.Func)
+			}
+			p.pendingHandlers[proxyID] = handlerFn
+			p.mu.Unlock()
+			js.Global().Set(fmt.Sprintf("handleRDCleanPathWebSocket_%s", proxyID), handlerFn)
 
 			log.Infof("Created RDCleanPath proxy endpoint: %s for destination: %s", proxyURL, destination)
 			resolve.Invoke(proxyURL)
@@ -142,6 +163,10 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) HandleWebSocketConnection(ws js.Value, proxyID string
 
 	p.mu.Lock()
 	p.activeConnections[proxyID] = conn
+	if fn, ok := p.pendingHandlers[proxyID]; ok {
+		conn.wsHandlerFn = fn
+		delete(p.pendingHandlers, proxyID)
+	}
 	p.mu.Unlock()
 
 	p.setupWebSocketHandlers(ws, conn)
@@ -150,7 +175,7 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) HandleWebSocketConnection(ws js.Value, proxyID string
 }
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) setupWebSocketHandlers(ws js.Value, conn *proxyConnection) {
-	ws.Set("onGoMessage", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	conn.onMessageFn = js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		if len(args) < 1 {
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -158,13 +183,15 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) setupWebSocketHandlers(ws js.Value, conn *proxyConnec
 		data := args[0]
 		go p.handleWebSocketMessage(conn, data)
 		return nil
-	}))
+	})
+	ws.Set("onGoMessage", conn.onMessageFn)
 
-	ws.Set("onGoClose", js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	conn.onCloseFn = js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		log.Debug("WebSocket closed by JavaScript")
 		conn.cancel()
 		return nil
-	}))
+	})
+	ws.Set("onGoClose", conn.onCloseFn)
 }
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) handleWebSocketMessage(conn *proxyConnection, data js.Value) {
@@ -261,25 +288,49 @@ func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) handleDirectRDP(conn *proxyConnection, firstPacket []
 }
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) cleanupConnection(conn *proxyConnection) {
-	log.Debugf("Cleaning up connection %s", conn.id)
-	conn.cancel()
-	if conn.tlsConn != nil {
-		log.Debug("Closing TLS connection")
-		if err := conn.tlsConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("Error closing TLS connection: %v", err)
+	conn.cleanupOnce.Do(func() {
+		log.Debugf("Cleaning up connection %s", conn.id)
+		conn.cancel()
+		if conn.tlsConn != nil {
+			log.Debug("Closing TLS connection")
+			if err := conn.tlsConn.Close(); err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("Error closing TLS connection: %v", err)
+			}
+			conn.tlsConn = nil
 		}
-		conn.tlsConn = nil
-	}
-	if conn.rdpConn != nil {
-		log.Debug("Closing TCP connection")
-		if err := conn.rdpConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("Error closing TCP connection: %v", err)
+		if conn.rdpConn != nil {
+			log.Debug("Closing TCP connection")
+			if err := conn.rdpConn.Close(); err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("Error closing TCP connection: %v", err)
+			}
+			conn.rdpConn = nil
 		}
-		conn.rdpConn = nil
-	}
-	p.mu.Lock()
-	delete(p.activeConnections, conn.id)
-	p.mu.Unlock()
+		js.Global().Delete(fmt.Sprintf("handleRDCleanPathWebSocket_%s", conn.id))
+
+		// Detach before releasing so late JS calls surface as TypeError instead
+		// of silent "call to released function".
+		if conn.wsHandlers.Truthy() {
+			conn.wsHandlers.Set("onGoMessage", js.Undefined())
+			conn.wsHandlers.Set("onGoClose", js.Undefined())
+		}
+
+		// wsHandlerFn may be zero-value if the pending handler lookup missed.
+		if conn.wsHandlerFn.Truthy() {
+			conn.wsHandlerFn.Release()
+		}
+		if conn.onMessageFn.Truthy() {
+			conn.onMessageFn.Release()
+		}
+		if conn.onCloseFn.Truthy() {
+			conn.onCloseFn.Release()
+		}
+
+		p.mu.Lock()
+		delete(p.activeConnections, conn.id)
+		delete(p.destinations, conn.id)
+		delete(p.pendingHandlers, conn.id)
+		p.mu.Unlock()
+	})
 }
 
 func (p *RDCleanPathProxy) sendToWebSocket(conn *proxyConnection, data []byte) {
diff --git a/client/wasm/internal/ssh/client.go b/client/wasm/internal/ssh/client.go
index 568437e56..28ae95ec0 100644
--- a/client/wasm/internal/ssh/client.go
+++ b/client/wasm/internal/ssh/client.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"net"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -45,9 +46,10 @@ func NewClient(nbClient *netbird.Client) *Client {
 	}
 }
 
-// Connect establishes an SSH connection through NetBird network
-func (c *Client) Connect(host string, port int, username, jwtToken string) error {
-	addr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", host, port)
+// Connect establishes an SSH connection through NetBird network.
+// ipVersion may be 4, 6, or 0 for automatic selection.
+func (c *Client) Connect(host string, port int, username, jwtToken string, ipVersion int) error {
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(host, fmt.Sprintf("%d", port))
 	logrus.Infof("SSH: Connecting to %s as %s", addr, username)
 
 	authMethods, err := c.getAuthMethods(jwtToken)
@@ -62,21 +64,28 @@ func (c *Client) Connect(host string, port int, username, jwtToken string) error
 		Timeout:         sshDialTimeout,
 	}
 
+	network := "tcp"
+	switch ipVersion {
+	case 4:
+		network = "tcp4"
+	case 6:
+		network = "tcp6"
+	}
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), sshDialTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	conn, err := c.nbClient.Dial(ctx, "tcp", addr)
+	conn, err := c.nbClient.Dial(ctx, network, addr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("dial %s: %w", addr, err)
 	}
 
-	sshConn, chans, reqs, err := ssh.NewClientConn(conn, addr, config)
+	sshClient, err := nbssh.Handshake(ctx, conn, addr, config)
 	if err != nil {
-		closeWithLog(conn, "connection after handshake error")
-		return fmt.Errorf("SSH handshake: %w", err)
+		return err
 	}
 
-	c.sshClient = ssh.NewClient(sshConn, chans, reqs)
+	c.sshClient = sshClient
 	logrus.Infof("SSH: Connected to %s", addr)
 
 	return nil
@@ -109,57 +118,26 @@ func (c *Client) getAuthMethods(jwtToken string) ([]ssh.AuthMethod, error) {
 	return []ssh.AuthMethod{ssh.PublicKeys(signer)}, nil
 }
 
-// StartSession starts an SSH session with PTY
+// StartSession starts an SSH session with PTY. It holds the client lock for
+// the whole startup so Close cannot tear the client down mid-setup and the
+// new session cannot be installed into an already closed client.
 func (c *Client) StartSession(cols, rows int) error {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
 	if c.sshClient == nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("SSH client not connected")
 	}
 
-	session, err := c.sshClient.NewSession()
+	pty, err := nbssh.StartPTYSession(c.sshClient, cols, rows)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create session: %w", err)
+		return err
 	}
 
-	c.mu.Lock()
-	defer c.mu.Unlock()
-	c.session = session
-
-	modes := ssh.TerminalModes{
-		ssh.ECHO:          1,
-		ssh.TTY_OP_ISPEED: 14400,
-		ssh.TTY_OP_OSPEED: 14400,
-		ssh.VINTR:         3,
-		ssh.VQUIT:         28,
-		ssh.VERASE:        127,
-	}
-
-	if err := session.RequestPty("xterm-256color", rows, cols, modes); err != nil {
-		closeWithLog(session, "session after PTY error")
-		return fmt.Errorf("PTY request: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	c.stdin, err = session.StdinPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		closeWithLog(session, "session after stdin error")
-		return fmt.Errorf("get stdin: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	c.stdout, err = session.StdoutPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		closeWithLog(session, "session after stdout error")
-		return fmt.Errorf("get stdout: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	c.stderr, err = session.StderrPipe()
-	if err != nil {
-		closeWithLog(session, "session after stderr error")
-		return fmt.Errorf("get stderr: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := session.Shell(); err != nil {
-		closeWithLog(session, "session after shell error")
-		return fmt.Errorf("start shell: %w", err)
-	}
+	c.session = pty.Session
+	c.stdin = pty.Stdin
+	c.stdout = pty.Stdout
+	c.stderr = pty.Stderr
 
 	logrus.Info("SSH: Session started with PTY")
 	return nil
diff --git a/client/wasm/internal/ssh/handlers.go b/client/wasm/internal/ssh/handlers.go
index ea64eb0aa..6d33916a5 100644
--- a/client/wasm/internal/ssh/handlers.go
+++ b/client/wasm/internal/ssh/handlers.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 func CreateJSInterface(client *Client) js.Value {
 	jsInterface := js.Global().Get("Object").Call("create", js.Null())
 
-	jsInterface.Set("write", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	writeFunc := js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		if len(args) < 1 {
 			return js.ValueOf(false)
 		}
@@ -32,9 +32,10 @@ func CreateJSInterface(client *Client) js.Value {
 
 		_, err := client.Write(bytes)
 		return js.ValueOf(err == nil)
-	}))
+	})
+	jsInterface.Set("write", writeFunc)
 
-	jsInterface.Set("resize", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	resizeFunc := js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		if len(args) < 2 {
 			return js.ValueOf(false)
 		}
@@ -42,14 +43,26 @@ func CreateJSInterface(client *Client) js.Value {
 		rows := args[1].Int()
 		err := client.Resize(cols, rows)
 		return js.ValueOf(err == nil)
-	}))
+	})
+	jsInterface.Set("resize", resizeFunc)
 
-	jsInterface.Set("close", js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+	closeFunc := js.FuncOf(func(this js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
 		client.Close()
 		return js.Undefined()
-	}))
+	})
+	jsInterface.Set("close", closeFunc)
 
-	go readLoop(client, jsInterface)
+	go func() {
+		readLoop(client, jsInterface)
+		// Detach before releasing so late JS calls surface as TypeError instead
+		// of silent "call to released function".
+		jsInterface.Set("write", js.Undefined())
+		jsInterface.Set("resize", js.Undefined())
+		jsInterface.Set("close", js.Undefined())
+		writeFunc.Release()
+		resizeFunc.Release()
+		closeFunc.Release()
+	}()
 
 	return jsInterface
 }
diff --git a/client/wasm/internal/websocket/websocket.go b/client/wasm/internal/websocket/websocket.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19ddaa38c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/client/wasm/internal/websocket/websocket.go
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+//go:build js
+
+package websocket
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall/js"
+
+	"github.com/gobwas/ws"
+	"github.com/gobwas/ws/wsutil"
+	netbird "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type closeError struct {
+	code   uint16
+	reason string
+}
+
+func (e *closeError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("websocket closed: %d %s", e.code, e.reason)
+}
+
+// bufferedConn fronts a net.Conn with a reader that serves any bytes buffered
+// during the WebSocket handshake before falling through to the raw conn.
+type bufferedConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	r io.Reader
+}
+
+func (c *bufferedConn) Read(p []byte) (int, error) { return c.r.Read(p) }
+
+// Conn wraps a WebSocket connection over a NetBird TCP connection.
+type Conn struct {
+	conn      net.Conn
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	closed    chan struct{}
+	closeOnce sync.Once
+	closeErr  error
+}
+
+// Dial establishes a WebSocket connection to the given URL through the NetBird network.
+// Optional protocols are sent via the Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header.
+func Dial(ctx context.Context, client *netbird.Client, rawURL string, protocols []string) (*Conn, error) {
+	d := ws.Dialer{
+		NetDial:   client.Dial,
+		Protocols: protocols,
+	}
+
+	conn, br, _, err := d.Dial(ctx, rawURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("websocket dial: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// br is non-nil when the server pushed frames alongside the handshake
+	// response; those bytes live in the bufio.Reader and must be drained
+	// before reading from conn, otherwise we'd skip the first frames.
+	if br != nil {
+		if br.Buffered() > 0 {
+			conn = &bufferedConn{Conn: conn, r: io.MultiReader(br, conn)}
+		} else {
+			ws.PutReader(br)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &Conn{
+		conn:   conn,
+		closed: make(chan struct{}),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ReadMessage reads the next WebSocket message, handling control frames automatically.
+func (c *Conn) ReadMessage() (ws.OpCode, []byte, error) {
+	for {
+		msgs, err := wsutil.ReadServerMessage(c.conn, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, nil, err
+		}
+
+		for _, msg := range msgs {
+			if msg.OpCode.IsControl() {
+				if err := c.handleControl(msg); err != nil {
+					return 0, nil, err
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			return msg.OpCode, msg.Payload, nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) handleControl(msg wsutil.Message) error {
+	switch msg.OpCode {
+	case ws.OpPing:
+		c.mu.Lock()
+		defer c.mu.Unlock()
+		return wsutil.WriteClientMessage(c.conn, ws.OpPong, msg.Payload)
+	case ws.OpClose:
+		code, reason := parseClosePayload(msg.Payload)
+		return &closeError{code: code, reason: reason}
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WriteText sends a text WebSocket message.
+func (c *Conn) WriteText(data []byte) error {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return wsutil.WriteClientMessage(c.conn, ws.OpText, data)
+}
+
+// WriteBinary sends a binary WebSocket message.
+func (c *Conn) WriteBinary(data []byte) error {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return wsutil.WriteClientMessage(c.conn, ws.OpBinary, data)
+}
+
+// Close sends a close frame with StatusNormalClosure and closes the underlying connection.
+func (c *Conn) Close() error {
+	return c.closeWith(ws.StatusNormalClosure, "")
+}
+
+// closeWith sends a close frame with the given code/reason and closes the underlying connection.
+// Used to echo the server's code when responding to a server-initiated close per RFC 6455 §5.5.1.
+func (c *Conn) closeWith(code ws.StatusCode, reason string) error {
+	var first bool
+	c.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		first = true
+		close(c.closed)
+
+		c.mu.Lock()
+		_ = wsutil.WriteClientMessage(c.conn, ws.OpClose, ws.NewCloseFrameBody(code, reason))
+		c.mu.Unlock()
+
+		c.closeErr = c.conn.Close()
+	})
+
+	if !first {
+		return net.ErrClosed
+	}
+	return c.closeErr
+}
+
+// NewJSInterface creates a JavaScript object wrapping the WebSocket connection.
+// It exposes: send(string|Uint8Array), close(), and callback properties
+// onmessage, onclose, onerror.
+//
+// Callback properties may be set from the JS thread while the read loop
+// goroutine reads them. In WASM this is safe because Go and JS share a
+// single thread, but the design would need synchronization on
+// multi-threaded runtimes.
+func NewJSInterface(conn *Conn) js.Value {
+	obj := js.Global().Get("Object").Call("create", js.Null())
+
+	sendFunc := js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, args []js.Value) any {
+		if len(args) < 1 {
+			log.Errorf("websocket send requires a data argument")
+			return js.ValueOf(false)
+		}
+
+		data := args[0]
+		switch data.Type() {
+		case js.TypeString:
+			if err := conn.WriteText([]byte(data.String())); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to send websocket text: %v", err)
+				return js.ValueOf(false)
+			}
+		default:
+			buf, err := jsToBytes(data)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to convert js value to bytes: %v", err)
+				return js.ValueOf(false)
+			}
+			if err := conn.WriteBinary(buf); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("failed to send websocket binary: %v", err)
+				return js.ValueOf(false)
+			}
+		}
+		return js.ValueOf(true)
+	})
+	obj.Set("send", sendFunc)
+
+	closeFunc := js.FuncOf(func(_ js.Value, _ []js.Value) any {
+		if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to close websocket: %v", err)
+		}
+		return js.Undefined()
+	})
+	obj.Set("close", closeFunc)
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() {
+			if err := conn.Close(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+				log.Debugf("close websocket on readLoop exit: %v", err)
+			}
+		}()
+		readLoop(conn, obj)
+		// Undefining before Release turns post-close JS calls into TypeError
+		// instead of a silent "call to released function".
+		obj.Set("send", js.Undefined())
+		obj.Set("close", js.Undefined())
+		sendFunc.Release()
+		closeFunc.Release()
+	}()
+
+	return obj
+}
+
+func jsToBytes(data js.Value) ([]byte, error) {
+	var uint8Array js.Value
+	switch {
+	case data.InstanceOf(js.Global().Get("Uint8Array")):
+		uint8Array = data
+	case data.InstanceOf(js.Global().Get("ArrayBuffer")):
+		uint8Array = js.Global().Get("Uint8Array").New(data)
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("send: unsupported data type, use string, Uint8Array, or ArrayBuffer")
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, uint8Array.Get("length").Int())
+	js.CopyBytesToGo(buf, uint8Array)
+	return buf, nil
+}
+
+func readLoop(conn *Conn, obj js.Value) {
+	var ce *closeError
+	defer func() { invokeOnClose(obj, ce) }()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-conn.closed:
+			return
+		default:
+		}
+
+		op, payload, err := conn.ReadMessage()
+		if err != nil {
+			ce = handleReadError(conn, obj, err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		dispatchMessage(obj, op, payload)
+	}
+}
+
+func handleReadError(conn *Conn, obj js.Value, err error) *closeError {
+	var ce *closeError
+	if errors.As(err, &ce) {
+		if cerr := conn.closeWith(ws.StatusCode(ce.code), ce.reason); cerr != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to close websocket after server close frame: %v", cerr)
+		}
+		return ce
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if onerror := obj.Get("onerror"); onerror.Truthy() {
+		onerror.Invoke(js.ValueOf(err.Error()))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func invokeOnClose(obj js.Value, ce *closeError) {
+	onclose := obj.Get("onclose")
+	if !onclose.Truthy() {
+		return
+	}
+	if ce != nil {
+		onclose.Invoke(js.ValueOf(int(ce.code)), js.ValueOf(ce.reason))
+		return
+	}
+	onclose.Invoke()
+}
+
+func dispatchMessage(obj js.Value, op ws.OpCode, payload []byte) {
+	onmessage := obj.Get("onmessage")
+	if !onmessage.Truthy() {
+		return
+	}
+	switch op {
+	case ws.OpText:
+		onmessage.Invoke(js.ValueOf(string(payload)))
+	case ws.OpBinary:
+		uint8Array := js.Global().Get("Uint8Array").New(len(payload))
+		js.CopyBytesToJS(uint8Array, payload)
+		onmessage.Invoke(uint8Array)
+	}
+}
+
+func parseClosePayload(payload []byte) (uint16, string) {
+	if len(payload) < 2 {
+		return 1005, "" // RFC 6455: No Status Rcvd
+	}
+	code := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(payload[:2])
+	return code, string(payload[2:])
+}
diff --git a/combined/Dockerfile b/combined/Dockerfile
index 357e10cf8..ac88b8509 100644
--- a/combined/Dockerfile
+++ b/combined/Dockerfile
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ FROM ubuntu:24.04
 RUN apt update && apt install -y ca-certificates && rm -fr /var/cache/apt
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/go/bin/netbird-server" ]
 CMD ["--config", "/etc/netbird/config.yaml"]
-COPY netbird-server /go/bin/netbird-server
\ No newline at end of file
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+COPY ${TARGETPLATFORM}/netbird-server /go/bin/netbird-server
diff --git a/combined/Dockerfile.multistage b/combined/Dockerfile.multistage
index ef3d68c6e..011379c2f 100644
--- a/combined/Dockerfile.multistage
+++ b/combined/Dockerfile.multistage
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
-FROM golang:1.25-bookworm AS builder
+FROM golang:1.26.7-bookworm AS builder
 WORKDIR /app
 
 # Install build dependencies
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y gcc libc6-dev git && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 COPY go.mod go.sum ./
-RUN go mod download
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod go mod download
 
 COPY . .
 
-# Build with version info from git (matching goreleaser ldflags)
-RUN CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux go build \
+# Build with version info from git (matching goreleaser ldflags).
+# BuildKit cache mounts persist the module + build caches across image builds,
+# so a source change recompiles incrementally instead of from scratch.
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
+    --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
+    CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux go build \
     -ldflags="-s -w \
     -X github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version.version=$(git describe --tags --always --dirty 2>/dev/null || echo 'dev') \
     -X main.commit=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo 'unknown') \
diff --git a/combined/cmd/admin.go b/combined/cmd/admin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..66fac4ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/combined/cmd/admin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
+	admincmd "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/cmd/admin"
+	tokencmd "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/cmd/token"
+	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	activitystore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+// newAdminCommands creates the admin command tree with combined-specific resource openers.
+func newAdminCommands() *cobra.Command {
+	return admincmd.NewCommands(admincmd.Openers{
+		Resources: withAdminResources,
+		Store:     withAdminStoreOnly,
+		IDP:       withAdminIDPOnly,
+	})
+}
+
+func newLegacyTokenCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := tokencmd.NewCommands(tokencmd.StoreOpener(withAdminStoreOnly))
+	cmd.Deprecated = "use 'admin token' instead"
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// withAdminResources loads the combined YAML config, initializes stores, and calls fn.
+func withAdminResources(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, resources admincmd.Resources) error) error {
+	return withAdminConfig(cmd, func(ctx context.Context, cfg *CombinedConfig) error {
+		mgmtConfig, err := adminManagementConfig(cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		managementStore, err := openAdminStore(ctx, cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer admincmd.CloseStore(ctx, managementStore)
+
+		idpStorage, idpStorageFile, err := admincmd.OpenIDPStorage(mgmtConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer admincmd.CloseIDPStorage(idpStorage)
+
+		eventStore, esErr := openAdminEventStore(ctx, cfg, mgmtConfig)
+		if esErr != nil {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(cmd.ErrOrStderr(), "Warning: audit events will not be recorded: %v\n", esErr)
+		}
+		if eventStore != nil {
+			defer func() {
+				if err := eventStore.Close(ctx); err != nil {
+					log.Debugf("close activity event store: %v", err)
+				}
+			}()
+		}
+
+		return fn(ctx, admincmd.Resources{Store: managementStore, IDPStorage: idpStorage, IDPStorageFile: idpStorageFile, EventStore: eventStore})
+	})
+}
+
+// withAdminStoreOnly opens only the management store for admin subcommands that do not
+// need embedded IdP storage.
+func withAdminStoreOnly(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) error) error {
+	return withAdminConfig(cmd, func(ctx context.Context, cfg *CombinedConfig) error {
+		managementStore, err := openAdminStore(ctx, cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer admincmd.CloseStore(ctx, managementStore)
+
+		return fn(ctx, managementStore)
+	})
+}
+
+func withAdminIDPOnly(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, storageFile string) error) error {
+	return withAdminConfig(cmd, func(ctx context.Context, cfg *CombinedConfig) error {
+		mgmtConfig, err := adminManagementConfig(cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		idpStorage, idpStorageFile, err := admincmd.OpenIDPStorage(mgmtConfig)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer admincmd.CloseIDPStorage(idpStorage)
+
+		return fn(ctx, idpStorage, idpStorageFile)
+	})
+}
+
+func withAdminConfig(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, cfg *CombinedConfig) error) error {
+	if err := util.InitLog("error", "console"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("init log: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(cmd.Context(), hook.ExecutionContextKey, hook.SystemSource) //nolint:staticcheck
+
+	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
+	}
+	cfg.ApplyAdminDefaults()
+	applyServerStoreEnv(cfg.Server.Store)
+
+	return fn(ctx, cfg)
+}
+
+func adminManagementConfig(cfg *CombinedConfig) (*nbconfig.Config, error) {
+	mgmtConfig, err := cfg.ToManagementConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create management config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return mgmtConfig, nil
+}
+
+func openAdminStore(ctx context.Context, cfg *CombinedConfig) (store.Store, error) {
+	managementStore, err := store.NewStore(ctx, types.Engine(cfg.Management.Store.Engine), cfg.Management.DataDir, nil, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create store: %w", err)
+	}
+	return managementStore, nil
+}
+
+func openAdminEventStore(ctx context.Context, cfg *CombinedConfig, config *nbconfig.Config) (activity.Store, error) {
+	if config.DataStoreEncryptionKey == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("data store encryption key is not configured")
+	}
+	if err := applyActivityStoreEnv(cfg.Server.ActivityStore); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("configure activity event store: %w", err)
+	}
+	eventStore, err := activitystore.NewSqlStore(ctx, config.Datadir, config.DataStoreEncryptionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open activity event store: %w", err)
+	}
+	if eventStore == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open activity event store: returned nil store")
+	}
+	return eventStore, nil
+}
diff --git a/combined/cmd/admin_config_test.go b/combined/cmd/admin_config_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff7045d38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/combined/cmd/admin_config_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+)
+
+func TestApplyAdminDefaultsCopiesServerStoreWithoutExposedAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Server.ExposedAddress = ""
+	cfg.Server.DataDir = "/srv/netbird"
+	cfg.Server.Store = StoreConfig{
+		Engine: "postgres",
+		DSN:    "postgres://user:pass@example.com/netbird",
+	}
+
+	cfg.ApplyAdminDefaults()
+
+	require.Equal(t, "/srv/netbird", cfg.Management.DataDir)
+	require.Equal(t, "postgres", cfg.Management.Store.Engine)
+	require.Equal(t, cfg.Server.Store.DSN, cfg.Management.Store.DSN)
+}
+
+func TestOpenAdminEventStoreMissingEncryptionKeyReturnsNilInterface(t *testing.T) {
+	eventStore, err := openAdminEventStore(context.Background(), &CombinedConfig{}, &nbconfig.Config{})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "encryption key")
+	require.Nil(t, eventStore)
+}
+
+func TestApplyServerStoreEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN", "")
+	t.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN", "")
+	t.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_SQLITE_FILE", "")
+
+	applyServerStoreEnv(StoreConfig{Engine: "postgres", DSN: "postgres-dsn", File: "store.db"})
+	require.Equal(t, "postgres-dsn", os.Getenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN"))
+	require.Equal(t, "store.db", os.Getenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_SQLITE_FILE"))
+
+	applyServerStoreEnv(StoreConfig{Engine: "mysql", DSN: "mysql-dsn"})
+	require.Equal(t, "mysql-dsn", os.Getenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN"))
+}
diff --git a/combined/cmd/config.go b/combined/cmd/config.go
index ce4df8394..890c86876 100644
--- a/combined/cmd/config.go
+++ b/combined/cmd/config.go
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"path"
-	"path/filepath"
+	filePath "path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -74,6 +73,16 @@ type ServerConfig struct {
 	ActivityStore           StoreConfig        `yaml:"activityStore"`
 	AuthStore               StoreConfig        `yaml:"authStore"`
 	ReverseProxy            ReverseProxyConfig `yaml:"reverseProxy"`
+
+	SupportedSyncMessageVersions           *int           `yaml:"supportedSyncMessageVersions,omitempty"`
+	PerAccountSupportedSyncMessageVersions map[string]int `yaml:"perAccountSupportedSyncMessageVersions,omitempty"`
+
+	AgentNetwork AgentNetworkConfig `yaml:"agentNetwork"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkConfig contains agent-network (LLM gateway) configuration.
+type AgentNetworkConfig struct {
+	PricingDefaultsFile string `yaml:"pricingDefaultsFile"`
 }
 
 // TLSConfig contains TLS/HTTPS settings
@@ -133,13 +142,19 @@ type ManagementConfig struct {
 
 // AuthConfig contains authentication/identity provider settings
 type AuthConfig struct {
-	Issuer                string            `yaml:"issuer"`
-	LocalAuthDisabled     bool              `yaml:"localAuthDisabled"`
-	SignKeyRefreshEnabled bool              `yaml:"signKeyRefreshEnabled"`
-	Storage               AuthStorageConfig `yaml:"storage"`
-	DashboardRedirectURIs []string          `yaml:"dashboardRedirectURIs"`
-	CLIRedirectURIs       []string          `yaml:"cliRedirectURIs"`
-	Owner                 *AuthOwnerConfig  `yaml:"owner,omitempty"`
+	Issuer                          string            `yaml:"issuer"`
+	LocalAuthDisabled               bool              `yaml:"localAuthDisabled"`
+	SignKeyRefreshEnabled           bool              `yaml:"signKeyRefreshEnabled"`
+	MfaSessionMaxLifetime           string            `yaml:"mfaSessionMaxLifetime"`
+	MfaSessionIdleTimeout           string            `yaml:"mfaSessionIdleTimeout"`
+	MfaSessionRememberMe            bool              `yaml:"mfaSessionRememberMe"`
+	SessionCookieEncryptionKey      string            `yaml:"sessionCookieEncryptionKey"`
+	Storage                         AuthStorageConfig `yaml:"storage"`
+	DashboardRedirectURIs           []string          `yaml:"dashboardRedirectURIs"`
+	CLIRedirectURIs                 []string          `yaml:"cliRedirectURIs"`
+	Owner                           *AuthOwnerConfig  `yaml:"owner,omitempty"`
+	DashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs []string          `yaml:"dashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs"`
+	GrantTypes                      []string          `yaml:"grantTypes"`
 }
 
 // AuthStorageConfig contains auth storage settings
@@ -294,6 +309,19 @@ func (c *CombinedConfig) ApplySimplifiedDefaults() {
 	c.autoConfigureClientSettings(exposedProto, exposedHost, exposedHostPort, hasExternalStuns, hasExternalRelay, hasExternalSignal)
 }
 
+// ApplyAdminDefaults applies the management settings needed by admin commands even
+// when the full server config is invalid and ApplySimplifiedDefaults cannot run.
+func (c *CombinedConfig) ApplyAdminDefaults() {
+	if c.Management.DataDir == "" || c.Management.DataDir == "/var/lib/netbird/" {
+		c.Management.DataDir = c.Server.DataDir
+	}
+	if c.Management.Store.Engine == "" || c.Management.Store.Engine == "sqlite" {
+		if c.Server.Store.Engine != "" || c.Server.Store.File != "" || c.Server.Store.DSN != "" {
+			c.Management.Store = c.Server.Store
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // applyRelayDefaults configures the relay service if no external relay is configured.
 func (c *CombinedConfig) applyRelayDefaults(exposedProto, exposedHostPort string, hasExternalRelay, hasExternalStuns bool) {
 	if hasExternalRelay {
@@ -380,7 +408,7 @@ func (c *CombinedConfig) autoConfigureClientSettings(exposedProto, exposedHost,
 		// Auto-configure local STUN servers for all ports
 		for _, port := range c.Server.StunPorts {
 			c.Management.Stuns = append(c.Management.Stuns, HostConfig{
-				URI: fmt.Sprintf("stun:%s:%d", exposedHost, port),
+				URI: "stun:" + net.JoinHostPort(strings.Trim(exposedHost, "[]"), fmt.Sprintf("%d", port)),
 			})
 		}
 	}
@@ -571,20 +599,24 @@ func (c *CombinedConfig) buildEmbeddedIdPConfig(mgmt ManagementConfig) (*idp.Emb
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("authStore.dsn is required when authStore.engine is postgres")
 		}
 	} else {
-		authStorageFile = path.Join(mgmt.DataDir, "idp.db")
+		authStorageFile = filePath.Join(mgmt.DataDir, "idp.db")
 		if c.Server.AuthStore.File != "" {
 			authStorageFile = c.Server.AuthStore.File
-			if !filepath.IsAbs(authStorageFile) {
-				authStorageFile = filepath.Join(mgmt.DataDir, authStorageFile)
+			if !filePath.IsAbs(authStorageFile) {
+				authStorageFile = filePath.Join(mgmt.DataDir, authStorageFile)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	cfg := &idp.EmbeddedIdPConfig{
-		Enabled:               true,
-		Issuer:                mgmt.Auth.Issuer,
-		LocalAuthDisabled:     mgmt.Auth.LocalAuthDisabled,
-		SignKeyRefreshEnabled: mgmt.Auth.SignKeyRefreshEnabled,
+		Enabled:                    true,
+		Issuer:                     mgmt.Auth.Issuer,
+		LocalAuthDisabled:          mgmt.Auth.LocalAuthDisabled,
+		SignKeyRefreshEnabled:      mgmt.Auth.SignKeyRefreshEnabled,
+		MfaSessionMaxLifetime:      mgmt.Auth.MfaSessionMaxLifetime,
+		MfaSessionIdleTimeout:      mgmt.Auth.MfaSessionIdleTimeout,
+		MfaSessionRememberMe:       mgmt.Auth.MfaSessionRememberMe,
+		SessionCookieEncryptionKey: mgmt.Auth.SessionCookieEncryptionKey,
 		Storage: idp.EmbeddedStorageConfig{
 			Type: authStorageType,
 			Config: idp.EmbeddedStorageTypeConfig{
@@ -592,8 +624,10 @@ func (c *CombinedConfig) buildEmbeddedIdPConfig(mgmt ManagementConfig) (*idp.Emb
 				DSN:  authStorageDSN,
 			},
 		},
-		DashboardRedirectURIs: mgmt.Auth.DashboardRedirectURIs,
-		CLIRedirectURIs:       mgmt.Auth.CLIRedirectURIs,
+		DashboardRedirectURIs:           mgmt.Auth.DashboardRedirectURIs,
+		CLIRedirectURIs:                 mgmt.Auth.CLIRedirectURIs,
+		DashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs: mgmt.Auth.DashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs,
+		GrantTypes:                      mgmt.Auth.GrantTypes,
 	}
 
 	if mgmt.Auth.Owner != nil && mgmt.Auth.Owner.Email != "" {
@@ -684,16 +718,21 @@ func (c *CombinedConfig) ToManagementConfig() (*nbconfig.Config, error) {
 	httpConfig.AuthCallbackURL = callbackURL + types.ProxyCallbackEndpointFull
 
 	return &nbconfig.Config{
-		Stuns:                  stuns,
-		Relay:                  relayConfig,
-		Signal:                 signalConfig,
-		Datadir:                mgmt.DataDir,
-		DataStoreEncryptionKey: mgmt.Store.EncryptionKey,
-		HttpConfig:             httpConfig,
-		StoreConfig:            storeConfig,
-		ReverseProxy:           reverseProxy,
-		DisableDefaultPolicy:   mgmt.DisableDefaultPolicy,
-		EmbeddedIdP:            embeddedIdP,
+		Stuns:                              stuns,
+		Relay:                              relayConfig,
+		Signal:                             signalConfig,
+		Datadir:                            mgmt.DataDir,
+		DataStoreEncryptionKey:             mgmt.Store.EncryptionKey,
+		HttpConfig:                         httpConfig,
+		StoreConfig:                        storeConfig,
+		ReverseProxy:                       reverseProxy,
+		DisableDefaultPolicy:               mgmt.DisableDefaultPolicy,
+		EmbeddedIdP:                        embeddedIdP,
+		HighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion: c.Server.SupportedSyncMessageVersions,
+		PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion: c.Server.PerAccountSupportedSyncMessageVersions,
+		AgentNetwork: nbconfig.AgentNetwork{
+			PricingDefaultsFile: c.Server.AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile,
+		},
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -717,7 +756,7 @@ func ApplyEmbeddedIdPConfig(ctx context.Context, cfg *nbconfig.Config, mgmtPort
 		cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Type = "sqlite3"
 	}
 	if cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File == "" && cfg.Datadir != "" {
-		cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File = path.Join(cfg.Datadir, "idp.db")
+		cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File = filePath.Join(cfg.Datadir, "idp.db")
 	}
 
 	issuer := cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Issuer
diff --git a/combined/cmd/root.go b/combined/cmd/root.go
index db986b4d4..3e583ef20 100644
--- a/combined/cmd/root.go
+++ b/combined/cmd/root.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/encryption"
+	agentnetworkpricing "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing"
 	mgmtServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server"
 	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	relayServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/server/listener"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/server/listener/ws"
+	syncgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
 	sharedMetrics "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/metrics"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
@@ -64,7 +67,12 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&configPath, "config", "c", "", "path to YAML configuration file (required)")
 	_ = rootCmd.MarkPersistentFlagRequired("config")
 
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(newTokenCommands())
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(newAdminCommands())
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(newLegacyTokenCommand())
+}
+
+func RootCmd() *cobra.Command {
+	return rootCmd
 }
 
 func Execute() error {
@@ -118,6 +126,37 @@ func execute(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 }
 
 // initializeConfig loads and validates the configuration, then initializes logging.
+func applyServerStoreEnv(storeConfig StoreConfig) {
+	if dsn := storeConfig.DSN; dsn != "" {
+		switch strings.ToLower(storeConfig.Engine) {
+		case "postgres":
+			os.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN", dsn)
+		case "mysql":
+			os.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN", dsn)
+		}
+	}
+	if file := storeConfig.File; file != "" {
+		os.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_SQLITE_FILE", file)
+	}
+}
+
+func applyActivityStoreEnv(storeConfig StoreConfig) error {
+	if engine := storeConfig.Engine; engine != "" {
+		engineLower := strings.ToLower(engine)
+		if engineLower == "postgres" && storeConfig.DSN == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("activityStore.dsn is required when activityStore.engine is postgres")
+		}
+		os.Setenv("NB_ACTIVITY_EVENT_STORE_ENGINE", engineLower)
+		if dsn := storeConfig.DSN; dsn != "" {
+			os.Setenv("NB_ACTIVITY_EVENT_POSTGRES_DSN", dsn)
+		}
+	}
+	if file := storeConfig.File; file != "" {
+		os.Setenv("NB_ACTIVITY_EVENT_SQLITE_FILE", file)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func initializeConfig() error {
 	var err error
 	config, err = LoadConfig(configPath)
@@ -133,30 +172,10 @@ func initializeConfig() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize log: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if dsn := config.Server.Store.DSN; dsn != "" {
-		switch strings.ToLower(config.Server.Store.Engine) {
-		case "postgres":
-			os.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN", dsn)
-		case "mysql":
-			os.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN", dsn)
-		}
-	}
-	if file := config.Server.Store.File; file != "" {
-		os.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_SQLITE_FILE", file)
-	}
+	applyServerStoreEnv(config.Server.Store)
 
-	if engine := config.Server.ActivityStore.Engine; engine != "" {
-		engineLower := strings.ToLower(engine)
-		if engineLower == "postgres" && config.Server.ActivityStore.DSN == "" {
-			return fmt.Errorf("activityStore.dsn is required when activityStore.engine is postgres")
-		}
-		os.Setenv("NB_ACTIVITY_EVENT_STORE_ENGINE", engineLower)
-		if dsn := config.Server.ActivityStore.DSN; dsn != "" {
-			os.Setenv("NB_ACTIVITY_EVENT_POSTGRES_DSN", dsn)
-		}
-	}
-	if file := config.Server.ActivityStore.File; file != "" {
-		os.Setenv("NB_ACTIVITY_EVENT_SQLITE_FILE", file)
+	if err := applyActivityStoreEnv(config.Server.ActivityStore); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	log.Infof("Starting combined NetBird server")
@@ -168,7 +187,7 @@ func initializeConfig() error {
 // serverInstances holds all server instances created during startup.
 type serverInstances struct {
 	relaySrv      *relayServer.Server
-	mgmtSrv       *mgmtServer.BaseServer
+	mgmtSrv       mgmtServer.Server
 	signalSrv     *signalServer.Server
 	healthcheck   *healthcheck.Server
 	stunServer    *stun.Server
@@ -222,7 +241,7 @@ func (s *serverInstances) createRelayServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, tlsSupport bool
 	}
 
 	hashedSecret := sha256.Sum256([]byte(cfg.Relay.AuthSecret))
-	authenticator := auth.NewTimedHMACValidator(hashedSecret[:], 24*time.Hour)
+	authenticator := auth.NewTimedHMACValidator(hashedSecret[:])
 
 	relayCfg := relayServer.Config{
 		Meter:          s.metricsServer.Meter,
@@ -271,6 +290,11 @@ func (s *serverInstances) createManagementServer(ctx context.Context, cfg *Combi
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to ensure encryption key: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := loadAgentNetworkPricing(ctx, mgmtConfig); err != nil {
+		cleanupSTUNListeners(s.stunListeners)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to load agent-network pricing defaults: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	LogConfigInfo(mgmtConfig)
 
 	s.mgmtSrv, err = createManagementServer(cfg, mgmtConfig)
@@ -324,19 +348,23 @@ func setupServerHooks(servers *serverInstances, cfg *CombinedConfig) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	servers.mgmtSrv.AfterInit(func(s *mgmtServer.BaseServer) {
-		grpcSrv := s.GRPCServer()
+	if s, ok := servers.mgmtSrv.GetContainer(mgmtServer.ContainerKeyBaseServer); ok {
+		if baseServer, ok := s.(*mgmtServer.BaseServer); ok {
+			baseServer.AfterInit(func(s *mgmtServer.BaseServer) {
+				grpcSrv := s.GRPCServer()
 
-		if servers.signalSrv != nil {
-			proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(grpcSrv, servers.signalSrv)
-			log.Infof("Signal server registered on port %s", cfg.Server.ListenAddress)
-		}
+				if servers.signalSrv != nil {
+					proto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(grpcSrv, servers.signalSrv)
+					log.Infof("Signal server registered on port %s", cfg.Server.ListenAddress)
+				}
 
-		s.SetHandlerFunc(createCombinedHandler(grpcSrv, s.APIHandler(), servers.relaySrv, servers.metricsServer.Meter, cfg))
-		if servers.relaySrv != nil {
-			log.Infof("Relay WebSocket handler added (path: /relay)")
+				s.SetHandlerFunc(createCombinedHandler(grpcSrv, s.APIHandler(), s.IDPHandler(), servers.relaySrv, servers.metricsServer.Meter, cfg))
+				if servers.relaySrv != nil {
+					log.Infof("Relay WebSocket handler added (path: /relay)")
+				}
+			})
 		}
-	})
+	}
 }
 
 func startServers(wg *sync.WaitGroup, srv *relayServer.Server, httpHealthcheck *healthcheck.Server, stunServer *stun.Server, metricsServer *sharedMetrics.Metrics) {
@@ -346,38 +374,32 @@ func startServers(wg *sync.WaitGroup, srv *relayServer.Server, httpHealthcheck *
 		log.Infof("Relay WebSocket multiplexed on management port (no separate relay listener)")
 	}
 
-	wg.Add(1)
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
+	wg.Go(func() {
 		log.Infof("running metrics server: %s%s", metricsServer.Addr, metricsServer.Endpoint)
 		if err := metricsServer.ListenAndServe(); !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to start metrics server: %v", err)
 		}
-	}()
+	})
 
-	wg.Add(1)
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
+	wg.Go(func() {
 		if err := httpHealthcheck.ListenAndServe(); !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to start healthcheck server: %v", err)
 		}
-	}()
+	})
 
 	if stunServer != nil {
-		wg.Add(1)
-		go func() {
-			defer wg.Done()
+		wg.Go(func() {
 			if err := stunServer.Listen(); err != nil {
 				if errors.Is(err, stun.ErrServerClosed) {
 					return
 				}
 				log.Errorf("STUN server error: %v", err)
 			}
-		}()
+		})
 	}
 }
 
-func shutdownServers(ctx context.Context, srv *relayServer.Server, httpHealthcheck *healthcheck.Server, stunServer *stun.Server, mgmtSrv *mgmtServer.BaseServer, metricsServer *sharedMetrics.Metrics) error {
+func shutdownServers(ctx context.Context, srv *relayServer.Server, httpHealthcheck *healthcheck.Server, stunServer *stun.Server, mgmtSrv mgmtServer.Server, metricsServer *sharedMetrics.Metrics) error {
 	var errs error
 
 	if err := httpHealthcheck.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -491,7 +513,7 @@ func handleTLSConfig(cfg *CombinedConfig) (*tls.Config, bool, error) {
 	return nil, false, nil
 }
 
-func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (*mgmtServer.BaseServer, error) {
+func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (mgmtServer.Server, error) {
 	mgmt := cfg.Management
 
 	// Extract port from listen address
@@ -502,11 +524,21 @@ func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (*
 	}
 	mgmtPort, _ := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
 
-	mgmtSrv := mgmtServer.NewServer(
+	if err := syncgrpc.ValidateSyncMessageVersion(mgmtConfig.HighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for accountId, version := range mgmtConfig.PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion {
+		if err := syncgrpc.ValidateSyncMessageVersion(&version); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unrecognized sync message version in perAccountSupportedSyncMessageVersions for account %s %w", accountId, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	mgmtSrv := newServer(
 		&mgmtServer.Config{
 			NbConfig:                mgmtConfig,
 			DNSDomain:               "",
-			MgmtSingleAccModeDomain: "",
+			MgmtSingleAccModeDomain: mgmtServer.DefaultSelfHostedDomain,
 			AutoResolveDomains:      true,
 			MgmtPort:                mgmtPort,
 			MgmtMetricsPort:         cfg.Server.MetricsPort,
@@ -521,7 +553,7 @@ func createManagementServer(cfg *CombinedConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) (*
 }
 
 // createCombinedHandler creates an HTTP handler that multiplexes Management, Signal (via wsproxy), and Relay WebSocket traffic
-func createCombinedHandler(grpcServer *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, relaySrv *relayServer.Server, meter metric.Meter, cfg *CombinedConfig) http.Handler {
+func createCombinedHandler(grpcServer *grpc.Server, httpHandler, idpHandler http.Handler, relaySrv *relayServer.Server, meter metric.Meter, cfg *CombinedConfig) http.Handler {
 	wsProxy := wsproxyserver.New(grpcServer, wsproxyserver.WithOTelMeter(meter))
 
 	var relayAcceptFn func(conn listener.Conn)
@@ -556,6 +588,10 @@ func createCombinedHandler(grpcServer *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, re
 				http.Error(w, "Relay service not enabled", http.StatusNotFound)
 			}
 
+		// Embedded IdP (Dex)
+		case idpHandler != nil && strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/oauth2"):
+			idpHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+
 		// Management HTTP API (default)
 		default:
 			httpHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -592,6 +628,32 @@ func handleRelayWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, acceptFn func(
 	acceptFn(conn)
 }
 
+// loadAgentNetworkPricing loads the management-side LLM pricing defaults
+// file for the combined server and starts its periodic reloader. An
+// explicitly configured PricingDefaultsFile is required to load (a typo
+// must fail startup rather than silently bill with built-ins the operator
+// believes they replaced); a relative path is resolved against the data
+// directory so a bare filename like "pricing.yaml" lands in the datadir
+// alongside the store. With no path configured, <datadir>/<DefaultFileName>
+// is probed and may be absent (compiled-in defaults serve).
+func loadAgentNetworkPricing(ctx context.Context, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) error {
+	pricingPath := mgmtConfig.AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile
+	required := pricingPath != ""
+	if !required {
+		pricingPath = agentnetworkpricing.DefaultFileName
+	}
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(pricingPath) {
+		pricingPath = filepath.Join(mgmtConfig.Datadir, pricingPath)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("loading agent-network pricing defaults from %s (required: %v)", pricingPath, required)
+	if err := agentnetworkpricing.LoadFile(pricingPath, required); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	agentnetworkpricing.StartReloader(ctx, agentnetworkpricing.ReloadInterval)
+	return nil
+}
+
 // logConfig prints all configuration parameters for debugging
 func logConfig(cfg *CombinedConfig) {
 	log.Info("=== Configuration ===")
@@ -668,6 +730,25 @@ func logManagementConfig(cfg *CombinedConfig) {
 		log.Infof("    Relay addresses: %v", cfg.Management.Relays.Addresses)
 		log.Infof("    Relay credentials TTL: %s", cfg.Management.Relays.CredentialsTTL)
 	}
+
+	logAgentNetworkConfig(cfg)
+}
+
+func logAgentNetworkConfig(cfg *CombinedConfig) {
+	log.Info("  Agent Network:")
+	pricingPath := cfg.Server.AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile
+	configured := pricingPath != ""
+	if !configured {
+		pricingPath = agentnetworkpricing.DefaultFileName
+	}
+	if !filepath.IsAbs(pricingPath) {
+		pricingPath = filepath.Join(cfg.Management.DataDir, pricingPath)
+	}
+	if configured {
+		log.Infof("    Pricing defaults file: %s", pricingPath)
+	} else {
+		log.Infof("    Pricing defaults file: %s (default, optional)", pricingPath)
+	}
 }
 
 // logEnvVars logs all NB_ environment variables that are currently set
diff --git a/combined/cmd/server.go b/combined/cmd/server.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9384dfb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/combined/cmd/server.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	mgmtServer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server"
+)
+
+var newServer = func(cfg *mgmtServer.Config) mgmtServer.Server {
+	return mgmtServer.NewServer(cfg)
+}
+
+func SetNewServer(fn func(*mgmtServer.Config) mgmtServer.Server) {
+	newServer = fn
+}
diff --git a/combined/cmd/token.go b/combined/cmd/token.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 550480062..000000000
--- a/combined/cmd/token.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
-	tokencmd "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/cmd/token"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
-)
-
-// newTokenCommands creates the token command tree with combined-specific store opener.
-func newTokenCommands() *cobra.Command {
-	return tokencmd.NewCommands(withTokenStore)
-}
-
-// withTokenStore loads the combined YAML config, initializes the store, and calls fn.
-func withTokenStore(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) error) error {
-	if err := util.InitLog("error", "console"); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("init log: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.WithValue(cmd.Context(), hook.ExecutionContextKey, hook.SystemSource) //nolint:staticcheck
-
-	cfg, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	if dsn := cfg.Server.Store.DSN; dsn != "" {
-		switch strings.ToLower(cfg.Server.Store.Engine) {
-		case "postgres":
-			os.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN", dsn)
-		case "mysql":
-			os.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN", dsn)
-		}
-	}
-	if file := cfg.Server.Store.File; file != "" {
-		os.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_SQLITE_FILE", file)
-	}
-
-	datadir := cfg.Management.DataDir
-	engine := types.Engine(cfg.Management.Store.Engine)
-
-	s, err := store.NewStore(ctx, engine, datadir, nil, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create store: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := s.Close(ctx); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("close store: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return fn(ctx, s)
-}
diff --git a/combined/config.yaml.example b/combined/config.yaml.example
index af85b0477..085e4344f 100644
--- a/combined/config.yaml.example
+++ b/combined/config.yaml.example
@@ -86,6 +86,13 @@ server:
     issuer: "https://example.com/oauth2"
     localAuthDisabled: false
     signKeyRefreshEnabled: false
+    # MFA session settings (applies when TOTP is enabled for an account)
+    # mfaSessionMaxLifetime: "24h"  # Max duration for an MFA session from creation
+    # mfaSessionIdleTimeout: "1h"   # MFA session expires after this idle period
+    # mfaSessionRememberMe: false   # Pre-check "remember me" on login so the MFA session persists across tabs/restarts
+    # Optional AES key for encrypting embedded IdP session cookies. Can also be set via NB_IDP_SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY.
+    # Must be 16/24/32 raw bytes or base64-encoded to one of those lengths (for example: openssl rand -hex 16).
+    # sessionCookieEncryptionKey: ""
     # OAuth2 redirect URIs for dashboard
     dashboardRedirectURIs:
       - "https://app.example.com/nb-auth"
@@ -93,6 +100,9 @@ server:
     # OAuth2 redirect URIs for CLI
     cliRedirectURIs:
       - "http://localhost:53000/"
+    # OAuth2 post-logout redirect URIs for dashboard (RP-initiated logout)
+    # dashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs:
+    #   - "https://app.example.com/"
     # Optional initial admin user
     # owner:
     #   email: "admin@example.com"
@@ -124,3 +134,16 @@ server:
   #   trustedPeers: []                 # CIDRs of trusted peer networks (e.g. ["100.64.0.0/10"])
   #   accessLogRetentionDays: 7        # Days to retain HTTP access logs. 0 (or unset) defaults to 7. Negative values disable cleanup (logs kept indefinitely).
   #   accessLogCleanupIntervalHours: 24 # How often (in hours) to run the access-log cleanup job. 0 (or unset) is treated as "not set" and defaults to 24 hours; cleanup remains enabled. To disable cleanup, set accessLogRetentionDays to a negative value.
+
+  # Agent network (LLM gateway) settings (optional)
+  # agentNetwork:
+  #   # Path to the YAML file holding the default LLM pricing table. A relative
+  #   # path is resolved against dataDir, so a bare filename like "pricing.yaml"
+  #   # lands in the data directory. When empty, {dataDir}/defaults_llm_pricing.yaml
+  #   # is probed; if no file is present the compiled-in defaults are used.
+  #   # Schema: surface ("openai"/"anthropic"/"bedrock") -> model -> rates in USD
+  #   # per 1k tokens (input_per_1k, output_per_1k, and the optional
+  #   # cached_input_per_1k / cache_read_per_1k / cache_creation_per_1k). The file
+  #   # is re-read periodically (mtime poll). An explicitly configured path that
+  #   # fails to load fails startup; runtime reload errors keep the previous table.
+  #   pricingDefaultsFile: "pricing.yaml"
diff --git a/crowdin.yml b/crowdin.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efdbceb8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crowdin.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+skip_untranslated_strings: true
+skip_untranslated_files: true
+import_eq_suggestions: true
+
+files:
+  - source: /client/ui/i18n/locales/en/common.json
+    translation: /client/ui/i18n/locales/%two_letters_code%/common.json
+    type: chrome
+    languages_mapping:
+      two_letters_code:
+        zh-CN: zh-CN
diff --git a/dns/nameserver.go b/dns/nameserver.go
index 81c616c50..84e83e2b4 100644
--- a/dns/nameserver.go
+++ b/dns/nameserver.go
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ type NameServerGroup struct {
 	ID string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
 	// AccountID is a reference to Account that this object belongs
 	AccountID string `gorm:"index"`
+	PublicID  string `json:"-"`
 	// Name group name
 	Name string
 	// Description group description
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/00-overview.md b/docs/agent-networks/00-overview.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d76e44a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/00-overview.md
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# Agent Networks — overview
+
+Single-entry point. Feature scope, the module map, and the cross-cutting
+topics worth keeping in mind, with links into every per-module guide.
+
+## TL;DR
+
+Agent Networks introduces an **LLM-aware reverse-proxy middleware system**
+plus **account-level controls** (budget rules, log collection toggles,
+PII redaction). The management server synthesises a per-peer middleware
+chain that the proxy executes on every LLM request; the chain enforces
+quotas, injects identity, redacts PII, parses tokens/cost, and emits
+access-log entries. The dashboard exposes the surface as a single **AI
+Observability** page with four tabs.
+
+- **Backend** lives in this repo, primarily under
+  `management/server/agentnetwork`, `proxy/internal/middleware`, and
+  `proxy/internal/llm`, with wire contracts in `shared/management`.
+- **Dashboard** lives in the dashboard repo under
+  `src/modules/agent-network/` and `src/app/(dashboard)/agent-network/`.
+
+## Reading order
+
+| # | Doc | Why |
+|---|-----|-----|
+| 1 | [01-end-to-end-flows.md](01-end-to-end-flows.md) | Get the three big diagrams in your head first. |
+| 2 | [modules/10-shared-api.md](modules/10-shared-api.md) | Wire contracts — every other module either produces or consumes these. |
+| 3 | [modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md](modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md) | The largest module; everything the proxy executes originates here. |
+| 4 | [modules/30-proxy-middleware-framework.md](modules/30-proxy-middleware-framework.md) | The generic plugin system on the proxy side. |
+| 5 | [modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md) | The 8 LLM middlewares that ride on the framework. |
+| 6 | Everything else in any order. | |
+
+## Module map
+
+11 modules. Each is described in detail in its own file under
+[`modules/`](modules/).
+
+| # | Module | Risk | BC impact |
+|---|--------|------|-----------|
+| 10 | [shared/api](modules/10-shared-api.md) — proto + OpenAPI | Low | Additive only |
+| 20 | [management/store](modules/20-management-store.md) — SQL persistence | Medium | Auto-migrate (additive) |
+| 21 | [management/agentnetwork](modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md) — domain layer + synthesizer | **High** | Additive |
+| 22 | [management/handlers + wiring](modules/22-management-handlers-wiring.md) — HTTP API + gRPC delivery | Medium | Additive |
+| 30 | [proxy/middleware-framework](modules/30-proxy-middleware-framework.md) — generic plugin system | High | Additive |
+| 31 | [proxy/middleware-builtin](modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md) — 8 LLM middlewares | High | Additive |
+| 32 | [proxy/llm-parsers](modules/32-proxy-llm-parsers.md) — SDK adapters + pricing | Medium | Additive |
+| 33 | [proxy/runtime](modules/33-proxy-runtime.md) — translate + serve + access-log | High | Additive (touches hot path) |
+| 40 | [dashboard](modules/40-dashboard.md) — UI for everything above | Medium | Sidebar reshape |
+| 50 | [path-routed-providers](modules/50-path-routed-providers.md) — Vertex AI + Bedrock | Medium | Additive (new catalog entries) |
+
+The largest and highest-risk module is `management/agentnetwork`: it is
+the single writer of the middleware chain the proxy executes.
+
+## Cross-cutting topics
+
+These are the items most likely to bite production. Each is fully
+documented in the linked module guide.
+
+1. **Capture-pointer semantics** (`*bool` for `capture_prompt` and
+   `capture_completion`): nil = legacy emit, false = suppress, true =
+   emit. nil-vs-false must be handled at every JSON hop. See
+   [21-management-agentnetwork.md](modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md)
+   and [31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md).
+2. **`ProxyMapping.Private` preservation** on per-proxy live updates.
+   Failure mode: `auth` skips `ValidateTunnelPeer` →
+   `CapturedData.UserGroups` empty → `llm_router` denies. See
+   [33-proxy-runtime.md](modules/33-proxy-runtime.md).
+3. **respInput carrying `UserEmail`/`UserGroups`/`UserGroupNames` onto
+   the response leg** in `reverseproxy.go`. Load-bearing wire that lets
+   `llm_limit_record` ship non-empty `group_ids` on `RecordLLMUsage`. See
+   [33-proxy-runtime.md](modules/33-proxy-runtime.md).
+4. **Min-wins all-must-pass budget rule semantics**. Every matching
+   rule's remaining quota must be > 0 for the request to proceed; one
+   exhausted rule blocks the whole call. Documented in
+   [21-management-agentnetwork.md](modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md)
+   and the `llm_limit_check` middleware in
+   [31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md).
+5. **body-tap memory bounds**: per-direction 1 MiB cap, shared 256 MiB
+   budget, `LimitReader(r.Body, limit+1)` for truncation detection with
+   `replayReadCloser` fallback so upstream still sees the full body.
+   `cloneInputFor` deep-copies the body up to 16 times per chain — a
+   perf hot-spot. See
+   [30-proxy-middleware-framework.md](modules/30-proxy-middleware-framework.md).
+6. **UpstreamRewrite.AuthHeader bypasses the header denylist**
+   deliberately. The runtime consumer only unpacks it via the
+   trusted upstream-build path. See
+   [30-proxy-middleware-framework.md](modules/30-proxy-middleware-framework.md).
+7. **`disable_access_log` default-false semantics**: the synth target
+   sets it true, all other targets leave it false. See
+   [10-shared-api.md](modules/10-shared-api.md).
+8. **String-typed `decision` / `deny_code`** on
+   `CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse` — would benefit from enum pinning
+   before external consumers integrate. See
+   [10-shared-api.md](modules/10-shared-api.md).
+
+## Explicit non-goals
+
+- **Reaper / GC pass over stale synth services** — designed but cut from
+  scope.
+- **URL-sync for tab state on AI Observability** — read path is wired
+  (`?tab=`) but write path isn't. Future work.
+- **CI golden-file regen-and-diff for `types.gen.go` /
+  `proxy_service.pb.go`** — would catch codegen drift; not yet in place.
+
+## Where to read the code
+
+Per-module file scopes are listed in each module guide. Behaviour is
+covered by Go tests co-located with each package (and an end-to-end
+chain integration test under `proxy/internal/proxy`).
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/01-end-to-end-flows.md b/docs/agent-networks/01-end-to-end-flows.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0de6b4c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/01-end-to-end-flows.md
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+# End-to-end flows
+
+Three cross-module mermaid diagrams. Each per-module guide repeats the
+slice that's relevant to its own scope — these are the canonical
+top-down views.
+
+- [Flow A — Config → runtime (synth + deliver)](#flow-a--config--runtime-synth--deliver)
+- [Flow B — Request lifecycle through the LLM chain](#flow-b--request-lifecycle-through-the-llm-chain)
+- [Flow C — Budget rule feedback loop](#flow-c--budget-rule-feedback-loop)
+
+---
+
+## Flow A — Config → runtime (synth + deliver)
+
+How an operator's change to a Provider, Policy, Guardrail, Budget Rule,
+or Settings record ends up as live middleware on a peer's proxy.
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    actor Op as Operator
+    participant UI as Dashboard
+    participant HTTP as management/handlers
+    participant Mgr as agentnetwork.Manager
+    participant Store as management/store (SQL)
+    participant Ctl as network_map.Controller
+    participant Synth as agentnetwork.SynthesizeServices
+    participant Grpc as management gRPC
+    participant Proxy as netbird-proxy
+    participant Xlate as middleware_translate
+    participant Chain as middleware.Chain
+
+    Op->>UI: edit provider/policy/budget/settings
+    UI->>HTTP: REST PUT/POST /api/agent-network/*
+    HTTP->>Mgr: SaveProvider / SavePolicy / SaveBudgetRule / SaveSettings
+    Mgr->>Store: persist (gorm)
+    Mgr-->>Ctl: account change event (Network-Map dirty)
+    loop per connected peer
+        Ctl->>Synth: SynthesizeServices(ctx, store, accountID)
+        Synth->>Store: load providers, policies, guardrails, budget rules, settings
+        Synth-->>Synth: build per-peer Service list
+        Note over Synth: each Service has a middleware<br/>chain with capture_prompt /<br/>capture_completion / redact_pii<br/>baked from account settings
+        Synth-->>Ctl: []rpservice.Service
+        Ctl->>Grpc: NetworkMap push (services + middleware configs)
+    end
+    Grpc-->>Proxy: NetworkMap stream
+    Proxy->>Xlate: translate proto MiddlewareConfig → runtime Spec
+    Xlate->>Chain: register / replace per-service chain
+    Note over Chain: chain replacement is live<br/>(no proxy restart, in-flight<br/>requests unaffected)
+```
+
+**Notes on the diagram**
+
+- The `network_map.Controller` synthesises on every push, not on a
+  timer. A single config change costs O(connected peers × policies ×
+  providers) per push. See [`modules/22-management-handlers-wiring.md`](modules/22-management-handlers-wiring.md).
+- `SynthesizeServices` is the single source of truth for the wire
+  format the proxy executes. Anything the proxy does that the
+  synthesiser didn't request is a bug. See
+  [`modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md`](modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md).
+- The translate step (step 13) is the only place that knows the
+  middleware-ID strings on the proxy side. It must reject unknown IDs;
+  silently dropping middlewares would create a security gap (e.g.
+  missing `llm_limit_check` ⇒ unbounded spend). See
+  [`modules/33-proxy-runtime.md`](modules/33-proxy-runtime.md).
+
+---
+
+## Flow B — Request lifecycle through the LLM chain
+
+What happens when an agent on the client peer sends a chat-completion /
+messages request through the synthesised reverse-proxy.
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    actor Agent as Agent (local)
+    participant Px as netbird-proxy
+    participant Auth as auth middleware
+    participant Map as service-mapping
+    participant Req as llm_request_parser
+    participant Rt as llm_router
+    participant Chk as llm_limit_check
+    participant Inj as llm_identity_inject
+    participant Grd as llm_guardrail
+    participant Up as upstream LLM
+    participant Resp as llm_response_parser
+    participant Cost as cost_meter
+    participant Rec as llm_limit_record
+    participant Log as access-log
+    participant MgmtGrpc as management gRPC
+
+    Agent->>Px: POST /v1/chat/completions  (OpenAI / Anthropic)
+    Px->>Auth: identify peer (user, groups)
+    Auth->>Map: resolve service from Host + path
+    Map-->>Req: dispatch chain in slot order
+
+    Req->>Req: parse body → provider, model, prompt, token estimate
+    Note over Req: capture_prompt gates raw_prompt<br/>capture (nil = legacy emit,<br/>false = drop, true = emit)
+    Req->>Rt: pass metadata
+    Rt->>Chk: route to upstream candidate
+
+    Chk->>MgmtGrpc: CheckLLMPolicyLimits(provider, model, est_tokens, groups, user)
+    MgmtGrpc-->>Chk: decision = allow / deny + deny_code
+    alt decision == deny
+        Chk-->>Log: emit access-log with deny_code<br/>(if EnableLogCollection)
+        Chk-->>Agent: 429 (or 403 per deny_code)
+    else decision == allow
+        Chk->>Inj: continue
+        Inj->>Inj: inject NetBird identity headers per provider config
+        Inj->>Grd: continue
+        Grd->>Grd: enforce per-provider allowlist (fail-closed backstop)
+        Grd->>Up: forward (over WireGuard)
+        Up-->>Resp: response (JSON or SSE stream)
+        Resp->>Resp: parse usage tokens, completion
+        Note over Resp: capture_completion gates raw<br/>completion capture
+        Resp->>Cost: tokens
+        Cost->>Cost: lookup rates from config-delivered<br/>pricing table + compute cost
+        Cost->>Rec: tokens + cost
+        Rec->>MgmtGrpc: RecordLLMUsage(provider, model, prompt_t, completion_t, cost, groups, user)
+        Rec-->>Log: emit access-log entry<br/>(if EnableLogCollection)
+        Log-->>Agent: 200 + body (streamed if SSE)
+    end
+```
+
+**Notes on the diagram**
+
+- The chain runs in synth-defined order. Re-ordering middlewares
+  changes invariants — `llm_limit_check` must precede `llm_router` so
+  a denied request never hits upstream, and `llm_limit_record` must
+  pair with `llm_limit_check` so a successful check is always recorded
+  (or the rate-limit semantics break). See
+  [`modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md`](modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md).
+- `llm_guardrail` is also where PII redaction happens
+  (`redact_pii = settings.RedactPii`). Phones, emails, credit cards,
+  PII names — see `redact.go` for the full set. See
+  [`modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md`](modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md).
+- The model allowlist is enforced in TWO places. `CheckLLMPolicyLimits`
+  is authoritative: it resolves the policy that governs this
+  (provider, caller-groups) and denies (`deny_code = llm_policy.model_blocked`)
+  when no applicable policy permits the model — so an allowlist scoped to
+  one group/provider never leaks to another, and an un-guardrailed policy
+  is genuinely unrestricted. `llm_guardrail` is a per-provider fail-closed
+  backstop: it only carries an allowlist for a provider every authorising
+  policy restricts, and blocks unknown/undetermined models even when
+  management is unreachable. Because that backstop allowlist is the UNION
+  of every restricting policy's models, per-group narrowing lives only in
+  the authoritative check: during a `CheckLLMPolicyLimits` outage
+  `llm_limit_check` fails open, so a caller can reach any model in the
+  provider's union — a group scoped to model A could reach model B if
+  another group restricts the same provider to B. This is the documented
+  fail-open trade-off; a future flag may switch it to fail-closed.
+- SSE streaming requires special handling on the response side; the
+  parser must handle partial chunks without buffering the whole
+  stream. See [`modules/32-proxy-llm-parsers.md`](modules/32-proxy-llm-parsers.md).
+- Access-log emission is gated on `settings.EnableLogCollection`. With
+  it OFF, neither the deny nor the allow leg writes an entry — the
+  chain still runs (budget rules are still enforced) but no audit trail
+  is kept. See
+  [`modules/33-proxy-runtime.md`](modules/33-proxy-runtime.md).
+
+---
+
+## Flow C — Budget rule feedback loop
+
+How an account's budget rules tighten ceilings on every request and how
+consumption flows back into the dashboard.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    subgraph Operator
+      DashBud[Dashboard Budget Settings tab]
+    end
+    subgraph Mgmt[Management]
+      Save[POST/PUT /api/agent-network/budget-rules]
+      Store[(SQL store)]
+      Synth[SynthesizeServices]
+      Check[CheckLLMPolicyLimits RPC]
+      Rec[RecordLLMUsage RPC]
+      Cons[/api/agent-network/consumption]
+    end
+    subgraph Proxy[Proxy]
+      Chk[llm_limit_check]
+      RecMw[llm_limit_record]
+    end
+    subgraph DashView[Dashboard Budget Dashboard tab]
+      Panel[AgentConsumptionPanel]
+    end
+
+    DashBud -->|create / update rules| Save
+    Save --> Store
+    Store --> Synth
+    Synth -->|push synth-services to peer| Proxy
+
+    Chk -->|per request| Check
+    Check -->|aggregate matching rules<br/>min-wins all-must-pass| Store
+    Check -->|allow / deny| Chk
+
+    RecMw -->|post-response| Rec
+    Rec -->|tokens + cost + groups + user| Store
+
+    Store -->|read counters| Cons
+    Cons --> Panel
+```
+
+**Notes on the diagram**
+
+- **min-wins all-must-pass** is the core semantic. A budget rule binds
+  to (group set, user set) with a (window, ceiling). At check time,
+  every rule that matches the caller is evaluated; if ANY rule has
+  zero remaining quota the request is denied. This is the most
+  surprising semantic for operators — see the invariants section of
+  [`modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md`](modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md).
+- The proxy never makes its own budget decisions. It always asks
+  management via `CheckLLMPolicyLimits` and reports back via
+  `RecordLLMUsage`. This keeps account-wide accounting in one place
+  and avoids per-proxy drift.
+- `RecordLLMUsage` must carry `group_ids` and `user_id` so the
+  decrement hits the right rule(s). The wire that carries those
+  fields onto the response leg is `respInput` in `reverseproxy.go`. See
+  [`modules/33-proxy-runtime.md`](modules/33-proxy-runtime.md).
+- The dashboard's Budget Dashboard tab polls
+  `/api/agent-network/consumption` — not gRPC, not WebSocket. Poll
+  interval lives in `AgentConsumptionPanel.tsx`. See
+  [`modules/40-dashboard.md`](modules/40-dashboard.md).
+
+---
+
+## Cross-references
+
+- Per-module guides: [`modules/`](modules/)
+- Overview + module map: [`00-overview.md`](00-overview.md)
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/README.md b/docs/agent-networks/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7d2d2ab5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# Agent Networks — architecture documentation
+
+A self-contained set of documents describing the agent-networks feature:
+an LLM-aware reverse-proxy middleware system plus account-level controls
+(budget rules, log collection toggles, PII redaction). The management
+server synthesises a per-peer middleware chain that the proxy executes on
+every LLM request.
+
+## What to read first
+
+1. **[00-overview.md](00-overview.md)** — the single entry point. Feature
+   scope, the module map, and the cross-cutting topics worth keeping in
+   mind, with links to every per-module guide.
+2. **[01-end-to-end-flows.md](01-end-to-end-flows.md)** — three
+   high-level mermaid diagrams: config-to-runtime synth/delivery,
+   per-request lifecycle through the LLM chain, and the budget-rule
+   feedback loop.
+3. **Per-module guides** under `modules/` — one file per package. Each
+   describes the module boundary, the file-level layout, its own flow
+   diagrams, the public contracts, the invariants it relies on, and the
+   areas worth the closest attention.
+
+## Directory layout
+
+```
+docs/agent-networks/
+├── README.md                              # you are here
+├── 00-overview.md                         # feature summary + module map
+├── 01-end-to-end-flows.md                 # cross-module mermaid diagrams
+└── modules/
+    ├── 10-shared-api.md                   # proto + OpenAPI wire contracts
+    ├── 20-management-store.md             # SQL persistence layer
+    ├── 21-management-agentnetwork.md      # domain layer + synthesizer (largest)
+    ├── 22-management-handlers-wiring.md   # HTTP API + gRPC delivery
+    ├── 30-proxy-middleware-framework.md   # generic plugin system
+    ├── 31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md     # 8 LLM-aware middlewares
+    ├── 32-proxy-llm-parsers.md            # OpenAI/Anthropic/Bedrock SDKs + pricing
+    ├── 33-proxy-runtime.md                # translate + serve + access-log
+    ├── 40-dashboard.md                    # UI for everything above (lives in the dashboard repo)
+    └── 50-path-routed-providers.md        # Vertex AI + Bedrock (path-routed, keyfile:: creds, /bedrock prefix)
+```
+
+The `40-dashboard.md` module documents code that lives in the **dashboard
+repo**, not in this repo. The guide is co-located here so backend readers
+see the full picture in one place.
+
+## How the per-module guides are structured
+
+Every `modules/*.md` follows the same template so the docs are easy to
+scan:
+
+- **Module boundary** — what this package owns; where it sits in the stack.
+- **Files** — path / role.
+- **Architecture & flow** — one or more mermaid diagrams.
+- **Public contracts** — function signatures, gRPC messages, JSON shapes.
+- **Invariants** — semantic guarantees the module relies on or enforces.
+- **Things to scrutinize** — split by correctness / security /
+  concurrency / backward-compat / performance / observability.
+- **Test coverage** — the test files that lock down behaviour in this
+  module.
+- **Known limitations / non-goals** — what is intentionally out of scope.
+- **Cross-references** — upstream/downstream module links + the
+  end-to-end flow + the overview.
+
+See [00-overview.md](00-overview.md) for the module map and the
+cross-cutting topics.
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/10-shared-api.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/10-shared-api.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..532927b90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/10-shared-api.md
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# shared/api — wire contracts (proto + OpenAPI)
+
+> **Risk level:** Medium — wire-format surface that every other module pins against; backward-compat hinges on field-number discipline more than on logic correctness.
+> **Backward-compat impact:** Additive only (new proto fields use unallocated numbers, new RPCs default to `Unimplemented`, new OpenAPI schemas/paths are append-only; no existing field/RPC/schema removed or renumbered).
+
+## Module boundary
+This module owns the cross-process contract surface between management, proxy, and dashboard. Two artefacts: `shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto` (management↔proxy gRPC) and `shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml` (dashboard/CLI↔management REST). Both have generated companions checked in (`proxy_service.pb.go`, `proxy_service_grpc.pb.go`, `types.gen.go`) which must travel in lockstep with their sources. `shared/management/status/error.go` is in scope only for the four new typed `NotFound` constructors that the new HTTP handlers return.
+
+Everything downstream — `management/agentnetwork`, `management/server/http/handlers/*`, `proxy/internal/*`, the dashboard SDK — consumes these types verbatim. The concern here is wire stability and codegen reproducibility, not behaviour: behaviour is covered in the management and proxy module guides.
+
+`management.proto` and `signalexchange.proto` are unchanged. `status/error.go` only receives four additive constructors (lines 208-227); no existing error types are reshaped.
+
+## Files
+| Path | Role |
+| ---- | ---- |
+| `shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto` | Source of truth: 2 new RPCs, 1 new message group (`MiddlewareConfig` + slot enum), additive fields on `PathTargetOptions`, `AccessLog`, `RecordLLMUsageRequest` |
+| `shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go` | Generated (protoc-gen-go) |
+| `shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go` | Generated; adds `CheckLLMPolicyLimits` + `RecordLLMUsage` client/server stubs and `UnimplementedProxyServiceServer` defaults |
+| `shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml` | 15 new `AgentNetwork*` schemas, 9 new path groups under `/api/agent-network/*` |
+| `shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go` | Generated (oapi-codegen; see codegen note below) |
+| `shared/management/status/error.go` | Four `NotFound` constructors for the new resource kinds (lines 208-227) |
+
+## Architecture & flow
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant Dash as Dashboard / CLI
+    participant Mgmt as management (HTTP+gRPC)
+    participant Px as proxy
+
+    Note over Dash,Mgmt: REST (OpenAPI / types.gen.go)
+    Dash->>Mgmt: PUT /api/agent-network/providers (AgentNetworkProviderRequest)
+    Dash->>Mgmt: PUT /api/agent-network/settings (AgentNetworkSettingsRequest)
+    Dash->>Mgmt: GET /api/agent-network/consumption -> [AgentNetworkConsumption]
+
+    Note over Mgmt,Px: gRPC ProxyService (proxy_service.proto)
+    Mgmt-->>Px: SyncMappingsResponse{ ProxyMapping.path[*].options.middlewares,<br/>agent_network, disable_access_log, capture_* }
+    Px->>Mgmt: CheckLLMPolicyLimits(account, user, groups, provider, model)
+    Mgmt-->>Px: decision=allow|deny + selected_policy_id + attribution_group_id + window_seconds
+    Px->>Mgmt: RecordLLMUsage(account, user, group_id, group_ids, window_seconds, tokens, cost)
+    Px->>Mgmt: SendAccessLog(AccessLog{ agent_network=true })
+```
+
+The proto changes split into three independent slices: (1) **mapping enrichment** — `PathTargetOptions` grows fields 8-13 so management can ship middleware configs, capture limits, and the agent-network / log-suppression flags down to the proxy without a second RPC; (2) **two new request/response RPCs** (`CheckLLMPolicyLimits`, `RecordLLMUsage`) for per-LLM-request budget arbitration; (3) **observability tag** — `AccessLog.agent_network` so management can route logs to the right surface.
+
+The OpenAPI side is a thin CRUD surface — every resource (`Provider`, `Policy`, `Guardrail`, `BudgetRule`, `Settings`) follows the same `GET-list / POST / GET / PUT / DELETE` pattern, plus a read-only `/consumption` listing and a catalog endpoint. The `*Request` variants drop server-controlled fields (id, timestamps). `AgentNetworkBudgetRule` deliberately reuses `AgentNetworkPolicyLimits` to keep wire-shape parity with policies.
+
+## Public contracts added
+- gRPC RPCs (`proxy_service.proto:52-57`): `CheckLLMPolicyLimits(CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) → CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse`, `RecordLLMUsage(RecordLLMUsageRequest) → RecordLLMUsageResponse`. Both unary; default `UnimplementedProxyServiceServer` returns `codes.Unimplemented` (`proxy_service_grpc.pb.go:283-289`).
+- New messages (`proxy_service.proto:145-175,448-502`): `MiddlewareConfig`, `MiddlewareSlot` enum, `CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest`/`Response`, `RecordLLMUsageRequest`/`Response`.
+- New `PathTargetOptions` fields 8-13 (`proxy_service.proto:124-140`): `capture_max_request_bytes`, `capture_max_response_bytes`, `capture_content_types`, `middlewares`, `agent_network`, `disable_access_log`. All default-false / zero; pre-existing fields 1-7 byte-for-byte unchanged.
+- `AccessLog.agent_network = 18` (`proxy_service.proto:258-261`).
+- `RecordLLMUsageRequest.group_ids = 8` (`proxy_service.proto:496-498`) — so the record path can fan out to every applicable budget rule's window without a re-lookup.
+- 15 new OpenAPI component schemas (`openapi.yml:5072-5829`): `AgentNetworkProvider[Request|Model]`, `AgentNetworkCatalog{Model,Provider,IdentityInjection,HeaderPairInjection,JSONMetadataInjection,ExtraHeader}`, `AgentNetworkPolicy[Request|TokenLimit|BudgetLimit|Limits]`, `AgentNetworkGuardrail[Checks|Request]`, `AgentNetworkConsumption`, `AgentNetworkSettings[Request]`, `AgentNetworkBudgetRule[Request]`.
+- 9 new path groups (`openapi.yml:12797-13460`): `/api/agent-network/{consumption,settings,budget-rules,budget-rules/{ruleId},catalog/providers,providers,providers/{providerId},policies,policies/{policyId},guardrails,guardrails/{guardrailId}}`.
+- Four typed NotFound errors (`shared/management/status/error.go:208-227`).
+
+## Invariants
+- **Field-number monotonicity.** Every new proto field uses a previously-unallocated number in its message: `PathTargetOptions` 8-13 (was 1-7), `AccessLog` 18 (was 1-17), `RecordLLMUsageRequest` 8. `SendStatusUpdateRequest.inbound_listener = 50` (pre-existing) reserves 50+ for observability extensions, so 8 on `RecordLLMUsageRequest` doesn't conflict.
+- **Old proxies stay compatible.** Old management never sends `disable_access_log`/`middlewares`/`agent_network` (zero value → existing behaviour); old proxies that don't decode these fields just drop them silently (proto3 unknown-field semantics) — log emission stays on. No pre-existing field number changed: the proto change is insertions only.
+- **Old management stays compatible.** The two new RPCs are registered on the same `management.ProxyService` descriptor; old proxies hitting them get `codes.Unimplemented` from the unimplemented embed (`proxy_service_grpc.pb.go:283-289`), which is the same fallback pattern `SyncMappings` already documents (`proxy_service.proto:20-21`).
+- **OpenAPI shapes are append-only.** New schemas are placed at the end of `components.schemas` (line 5072+); new paths at the end of `paths` (line 12797+). No existing schema's `required` list, enum, or property type was changed.
+- **`*Request` vs response asymmetry.** Read shapes (`AgentNetworkProvider`, `AgentNetworkPolicy`, `AgentNetworkGuardrail`, `AgentNetworkSettings`, `AgentNetworkBudgetRule`) require `created_at`/`updated_at`; the matching `*Request` shapes do not — server fills them. `AgentNetworkProviderRequest.api_key` is write-only (`openapi.yml:5158-5161` "never returned in responses"); reviewers should confirm the response schema (5072-5138) actually omits `api_key`.
+
+## Things to scrutinize
+### Correctness
+- `RecordLLMUsageRequest` carries both `group_id` (singular, the attribution group — field 3) and `group_ids` (plural, full membership — field 8). `b22d5a181` adds field 8 to drive account-budget fan-out; double-check that consumers can't accidentally key counters on the wrong one. Field comments at `proxy_service.proto:489-491` and `496-498` distinguish them but it's the kind of subtle thing a follow-up commit might collapse.
+- `PathTargetOptions.disable_access_log` is the only field whose default-false meaning **changes semantics** on the proxy side: false → log (status quo), true → suppress. Synthesizer sets `DisableAccessLog = !settings.EnableLogCollection`, so a missing/default settings row yields `EnableLogCollection=false → DisableAccessLog=true → suppressed`. Worth confirming downstream (`agentnetwork.synthesizer`) that operator-defined private services never inherit this flag — the proto field default protects them, but only if synth code is explicit.
+- `CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse.decision` is a free-form `string` (`proxy_service.proto:471`) rather than an enum. Only documented values are "allow" / "deny". An enum would prevent typo drift; consider before this RPC ships to external consumers.
+- `deny_code` (`proxy_service.proto:478-481`) is documented as "a stable label" but is also a free string. Pin the allowed set somewhere observable to the proxy.
+
+### Security
+- `AgentNetworkProvider.api_key` MUST be write-only. Schema split (request has it at line 5158; response omits it) looks correct, but a regression here leaks the upstream provider credential to every dashboard reader. Check that the handler explicitly zeros it on the response path.
+- `extra_values` / `identity_header_*` headers on `AgentNetworkProvider` get stamped onto upstream requests. Description at `openapi.yml:5099` says "values not declared by the catalog are ignored at synth time" — a contract this module documents but the synthesizer must enforce. Confirm the synth module honours it.
+- Cluster + subdomain on `AgentNetworkSettings` are documented immutable (`openapi.yml:5686-5694`) and the `AgentNetworkSettingsRequest` (lines 5733-5752) doesn't accept them. Verify the `PUT /api/agent-network/settings` handler can't be tricked by extra JSON keys (oapi-codegen's `additionalProperties: false` is not declared here; spec defaults to permissive).
+
+### Backward compatibility
+- The proto change is field-number additive: every previously numbered field keeps the same name + type, and the change is insertions only (no deletions in `proxy_service.proto`), so this holds at the source-text level.
+- `proxy_service_grpc.pb.go` adds two RPC handlers and registers them in `ProxyService_ServiceDesc.Methods` (lines 543-552). The existing entries are unchanged and order-preserving — gRPC method dispatch is name-keyed, so order doesn't matter, but reviewing the diff (no method renamed/dropped) is still worth a glance.
+- OpenAPI 3.0 doesn't have a built-in deprecation flow for paths; if any client tooling iterates `paths.*`, the additive routes shouldn't break it, but generated SDKs (especially the dashboard's) need a regen to gain access to `AgentNetwork*`.
+
+### Codegen pinning
+- `generate.sh` (`shared/management/http/api/generate.sh:14`) installs `oapi-codegen@latest` rather than a pinned version. **This is a reproducibility gap** — re-running the script later may produce a different `types.gen.go`. Either pin the version in `generate.sh` (e.g. `@v2.7.0`) or document the pin in a `tools.go`.
+- proto codegen has the protoc / protoc-gen-go version stamped in the generated file header (`proxy_service.pb.go:3-4`).
+- Regenerate locally and confirm zero diff against the committed `types.gen.go` / `proxy_service.pb.go`.
+
+## Test coverage
+| Test file | Locks down |
+| --------- | ---------- |
+| None in this scope | The proto and OpenAPI sources are tested transitively by the handler tests (`shared/management/http/handlers/agentnetwork/...`) and by the synthesizer/manager tests (`management/server/agentnetwork/...`). No round-trip serialisation test exists in the `proto/` or `api/` packages themselves. |
+| `shared/management/proto/*_test.go` | (absent) |
+| `shared/management/http/api/*_test.go` | (absent) |
+
+Acceptable for codegen artefacts, but a single golden-file test that re-runs `oapi-codegen` and `protoc` in CI and diffs against the checked-in files would close the reproducibility gap noted above.
+
+## Known limitations / explicit non-goals
+- **No deprecation surface.** Old fields/RPCs are kept silently; there is no `[deprecated = true]` annotation on anything. Acceptable here because nothing is being removed.
+- **No proto-side validation.** Numeric ranges (e.g. `window_seconds >= 60`, `cost_usd >= 0`, capture-byte clamps) are enforced in the OpenAPI schema via `minimum:` and inside Go code by the proxy/management, but `proto3` itself can't express them; downstream is expected to validate every message.
+- **`MiddlewareConfig.config_json` is `bytes`** (`proxy_service.proto:163`) — opaque to the proto layer. Schema validity is the middleware factory's problem. This is a deliberate tradeoff (per the comment at 161-162) but worth flagging: a corrupted/malicious config_json can only fail at proxy apply time, not at the wire-decode step.
+- **No catalog endpoint schema for the catalog itself** — the catalog data ships as a `GET /api/agent-network/catalog/providers` returning `[AgentNetworkCatalogProvider]` (`openapi.yml:13024`), but the catalog source-of-truth lives in `management/server/agentnetwork/catalog`, not here.
+- The reaper / GC design was cut from scope; no reaper-related types appear here.
+
+## Cross-references
+- Downstream: [management/store](20-management-store.md), [management/agentnetwork](21-management-agentnetwork.md), [management/handlers + wiring](22-management-handlers-wiring.md), [proxy/runtime](33-proxy-runtime.md)
+- End-to-end flow: [../01-end-to-end-flows.md](../01-end-to-end-flows.md)
+- Top-level: [../00-overview.md](../00-overview.md)
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/20-management-store.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/20-management-store.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1acc12611
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/20-management-store.md
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# management/store — persistence for agent-network entities
+
+> **Risk level:** Medium — six brand-new tables behind AutoMigrate, one upsert-counter table that runs on the request hot path, and one column carrying an encrypted secret.
+> **Backward-compat impact:** Additive (six new tables created by AutoMigrate; the `Store` interface gains 23 methods, but no existing column/index is touched).
+
+## Module boundary
+
+This module is the persistence layer for the Agent Network feature. Everything the management server stores about LLM proxying — providers, policies, guardrails, the per-account settings row, a usage-counter table written on every proxied LLM request, and the account-budget rules — flows through the methods added to `store.Store`. The module owns six tables, six entity types from `management/server/agentnetwork/types`, and a single hot-path upsert (`IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption`) consumed by the proxy fleet.
+
+Out of scope here: the catalog of provider definitions (compiled-in, no DB), the synthesizer/manager built on top of these CRUDs (covered in [21-management-agentnetwork.md](21-management-agentnetwork.md)), and the HTTP handlers that translate API requests into Save/Delete calls.
+
+## Files
+
+| Path | Role |
+| ---- | ---- |
+| `management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork.go` | gorm implementations of all 23 store methods |
+| `management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork_budgetrule_test.go` | round-trip + account-scoping coverage against a real sqlite store |
+| `management/server/store/sql_store.go` | one import, six entities appended to the `AutoMigrate` slice (sql_store.go:40, sql_store.go:141-142) |
+| `management/server/store/store.go` | 23 methods added to the `Store` interface (store.go:328-354) |
+| `management/server/store/store_mock_agentnetwork.go` | mockgen output for the new interface surface |
+
+## Tables added / migrations
+
+All six tables are created by `db.AutoMigrate` invoked from `NewSqlStore` at sql_store.go:133-143. There is no hand-rolled SQL migration script — the schema is whatever GORM derives from the struct tags.
+
+- `agent_network_providers` — `Provider.TableName()` at provider.go:76. PK `id`, index on `account_id`, named index `idx_agent_network_provider` on `provider_id`. Carries an at-rest-encrypted `api_key` and ed25519 `session_private_key` (provider.go:35,56). `extra_values` and `models` are JSON blobs (`serializer:json`).
+- `agent_network_policies` — `Policy.TableName()` at policy.go:70. PK `id`, index on `account_id`. JSON columns: `source_groups`, `destination_provider_ids`, `guardrail_ids`, `limits`.
+- `agent_network_guardrails` — `Guardrail.TableName()` at guardrail.go:41. PK `id`, index on `account_id`. JSON `checks`.
+- `agent_network_settings` — `Settings.TableName()` at settings.go:33. PK `account_id` (one row per account), named index `idx_agent_network_settings_cluster_subdomain` on `subdomain` only — the index name implies a composite, but only one column is tagged.
+- `agent_network_consumption` — `Consumption.TableName()` at consumption.go:46. Composite PK across `(account_id, dim_kind, dim_id, window_seconds, window_start_utc)` — the same tuple the upsert keys on.
+- `agent_network_budget_rules` — `AccountBudgetRule.TableName()` at budgetrule.go:35. PK `id`, index on `account_id`. JSON `target_groups`, `target_users`, `limits`.
+
+## CRUD surface added
+
+Provider, Policy, Guardrail, BudgetRule follow the same pattern: `Get<Kind>ByID`, `GetAccount<Kind>` (list), `Save<Kind>` (upsert), `Delete<Kind>`, with account-scoping enforced by the existing `accountAndIDQueryCondition` / `accountIDCondition` constants (sql_store.go:59-62). Provider additionally exposes `GetAllAgentNetworkProviders` (cross-account, used by the synthesizer). Settings exposes `Get`/`GetByCluster`/`Save` (no delete — one row per account, created on first save). Consumption exposes the upsert `Increment`, a point `Get`, and a cross-window `List`.
+
+## Architecture & flow
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    handlers["HTTP handlers<br/>(management/server/agentnetwork)"] -->|Save/Delete| iface["Store interface<br/>store.go:328-354"]
+    manager["agentnetwork.Manager"] -->|Get*| iface
+    synth["synthesizer<br/>(global)"] -->|GetAllAgentNetworkProviders| iface
+    proxy["proxy fleet<br/>(hot path)"] -->|IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption| iface
+    iface --> sql["SqlStore methods<br/>sql_store_agentnetwork.go"]
+    iface -.gomock.-> mock["MockStore<br/>store_mock_agentnetwork.go"]
+    sql --> gorm["gorm.DB"]
+    gorm --> tables[("6 tables<br/>agent_network_*")]
+    sql --> enc["crypt.FieldEncrypt<br/>(provider only)"]
+```
+
+Reads decrypt provider secrets in-place; writes do `provider.Copy().EncryptSensitiveData(...)` before `db.Save` so the caller's in-memory object keeps the plaintext `api_key` (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:88-102). Every list/get takes a `LockingStrength` and applies `clause.Locking{Strength: ...}` when non-`None` — matching the rest of the store. The upsert path uses `clause.OnConflict` with `gorm.Expr` server-side increments so concurrent proxy nodes converge without read-modify-write races (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:321-335).
+
+## Invariants enforced at the store layer
+
+- **Account scoping.** Every entity-by-ID method keys on `account_id = ? and id = ?`; no cross-tenant leak path through the API is reachable as long as callers always pass the auth'd `accountID` (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:70,141,201,429).
+- **NotFound mapping.** `gorm.ErrRecordNotFound` is translated to typed `status.NewAgentNetwork*NotFoundError`; `Delete*` returns NotFound when `RowsAffected == 0` (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:111-113,171-173,231-233,461-463).
+- **Provider secret encryption at rest.** `SaveAgentNetworkProvider` always encrypts before persist; `Get*` always decrypts after read. The plaintext `api_key` never reaches the DB through this layer (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:31,54,80,90).
+- **Consumption monotonicity.** The upsert only ever issues `col = col + ?` for the three counter columns — no decrement path exists (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:330-332).
+- **Window alignment is the caller's responsibility.** The store stamps `WindowStartUTC` as-passed; alignment to epoch happens in `types.WindowStart` at consumption.go:51-58.
+- **Settings has no Delete.** Intentional — one row per account, created on first save; the row sticks around for the account lifetime.
+
+## Things to scrutinize
+
+### Correctness
+- `SaveAgentNetworkProvider` saves the copy (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:95). The caller's in-memory pointer therefore keeps plaintext `api_key` and any `CreatedAt`/`UpdatedAt` gorm autofills land on the copy, not the original. Callers that need synced timestamps must re-fetch.
+- `IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption`'s `Create` provides initial counter values (`TokensInput: tokensIn`, etc.) in the row, and on conflict the assignments add the same deltas to the existing values. The insert-vs-update arithmetic is consistent. Cross-check that no engine in use (sqlite, postgres, mysql) silently rejects the `OnConflict` clause — GORM emits engine-specific SQL but `ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE` (mysql) vs `ON CONFLICT (...)` (sqlite/postgres) need their unique constraint to match the composite PK on `agent_network_consumption`; it does, by construction.
+- `IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption` writes `updated_at: time.Now().UTC()` literally inside the assignments map (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:333) — fine, but it's a Go-side timestamp captured at call time, not a DB-side `now()`. Acceptable for an audit field.
+- `GetAgentNetworkConsumption` returns a zero-valued non-nil row on `ErrRecordNotFound` (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:364-371). Document or rename — a typed sentinel error would be more orthodox; callers must know not to error-check.
+
+### Concurrency / transactions
+- Hot-path `IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption` runs outside any explicit transaction; concurrency safety relies entirely on the DB serialising the `ON CONFLICT` upsert against the composite PK. This is correct for postgres and mysql; for sqlite it serialises behind the single writer.
+- `SaveAgentNetworkSettings` is a blind upsert with no version/etag — concurrent writes from two operators last-write-wins on the collection-toggle flags (settings.go:23-25). Acceptable for admin-curated state but worth flagging.
+- `Save*Provider` uses `db.Save` on a struct with a PK already set — GORM emits UPDATE or INSERT based on row existence. No upsert clause is attached, so a race between two creates with the same generated `xid` (vanishingly unlikely) would surface as a PK violation.
+
+### Migration safety
+- All six tables ride `AutoMigrate` (sql_store.go:141-142). AutoMigrate is additive: new columns get added, but it never drops columns nor narrows types. Three `bool` columns on `agent_network_settings` (`EnableLogCollection`, `EnablePromptCollection`, `RedactPii`) default to false at the GORM/DDL layer for existing rows; the test at sql_store_agentnetwork_budgetrule_test.go:83-112 locks that down on a fresh sqlite. Verify postgres/mysql produce the same default.
+- The named index `idx_agent_network_settings_cluster_subdomain` on settings.go:15 is declared on only `subdomain`. Either the cluster column also needs `gorm:"index:idx_agent_network_settings_cluster_subdomain"` to make it composite, or the name is misleading.
+- The named index `idx_agent_network_provider` on `Provider.ProviderID` (provider.go:30) is *not* unique and not scoped to account — two providers in the same account with the same `provider_id` are permitted at the DB layer; uniqueness, if any, must live above the store.
+
+### Backward compatibility
+- Net additive. No removed methods, no renamed columns, no schema change to existing tables. Existing deployments running a prior binary continue to work; the first boot of the new binary creates the six tables.
+- The `Store` interface grows by 23 methods (store.go:330-354); any non-mock external implementer of `store.Store` will fail to compile. The repo only has `SqlStore` + `MockStore`, both updated.
+
+### Performance (indexes, N+1)
+- All by-account list queries hit the `idx_account_id` per-table index. No N+1: list methods return the full slice in one query.
+- `GetAgentNetworkSettingsByCluster` (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:263-277) does a tablescan on `cluster` — no index. Tolerable for the bootstrap label generator (one-shot at provisioning) but worth noting if the call moves onto a hot path.
+- `ListAgentNetworkConsumption` returns every row ever recorded for the account (sql_store_agentnetwork.go:382-400) — unbounded growth, no `LIMIT`, no time filter. With one row per (dim, window) per request burst, this table grows fastest of the six; a retention job + a paginated list method are obvious follow-ups.
+
+## Test coverage
+
+| Test file | Locks down |
+| --------- | ---------- |
+| `sql_store_agentnetwork_budgetrule_test.go::TestAgentNetworkBudgetRule_RealStore_RoundTrip` | full save → reload of `AccountBudgetRule` including the JSON-serialised `PolicyLimits`, target slices, double-delete returns NotFound (lines 18-59) |
+| `sql_store_agentnetwork_budgetrule_test.go::TestAgentNetworkBudgetRule_RealStore_ScopedByAccount` | cross-account isolation for budget rules (lines 63-78) |
+| `sql_store_agentnetwork_budgetrule_test.go::TestAgentNetworkSettings_RealStore_CollectionTogglesRoundTrip` | collection toggles default off, survive save/reload at the set values (lines 83-112) |
+
+Gap: there is no store-level test for providers (encryption round-trip), policies, guardrails, or `IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption` (concurrent upsert, window-key uniqueness). The consumption upsert is the most performance-sensitive method in this module and the only one without a real-sqlite test.
+
+## Known limitations / explicit non-goals
+
+- No retention / GC for `agent_network_consumption`.
+- No `Delete` for `Settings` (one row per account, cleared with the account).
+- No DB-engine-specific tuning — the same struct tags drive sqlite, mysql, postgres.
+- Provider `extra_values` and `models` are JSON blobs; querying inside them is not supported by design.
+- `GetAgentNetworkConsumption` "not-found = zero row" contract is convenient but unconventional.
+
+## Cross-references
+
+- Upstream: [shared/api](10-shared-api.md), [management/agentnetwork](21-management-agentnetwork.md)
+- End-to-end flow: [../01-end-to-end-flows.md](../01-end-to-end-flows.md)
+- Top-level: [../00-overview.md](../00-overview.md)
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f91c369f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/21-management-agentnetwork.md
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+# management/agentnetwork — domain layer + synth pipeline
+
+> **Risk level:** High — central business logic + budget enforcement + the source of every middleware-chain change the proxy executes.
+> **Backward-compat impact:** Additive within the agent-network surface; one **behavioural difference for opted-out accounts** in parser capture (the capture flag is stamped explicitly false instead of being absent — see capture-pointer semantics below). Non-agent-network proxy services are untouched (the synth chain only ships on `agent-net-svc-*` targets).
+
+## Module boundary
+
+`management/server/agentnetwork` owns every agent-network entity (providers, policies, guardrails, account budget rules, per-account settings, consumption rows) and **translates them into the in-memory `*rpservice.Service` that the reverse-proxy controller turns into `proto.ProxyMapping`s and pushes to clusters**. It is the *only* writer of the agent-network middleware chain.
+
+Inside the package: `manager.go` is the CRUD + permissions-gated facade; `synthesizer.go` walks settings + providers + policies + guardrails and emits the per-account service plus every middleware's JSON config; `policyselect.go` runs per-request attribution (min-wins account ceiling, then "drain bigger pool first"); `reconcile.go` diffs successive synth outputs and emits precise Create/Update/Delete proxy-mapping updates plus a peer-map refresh. `labelgen/` mints DNS-safe subdomain labels; `catalog/` is the static provider catalogue; `types/` carries gorm entity structs. The `_realstack_test.go` files in the parent `management/server/` directory exercise the manager + network-map controller end-to-end with no mocks.
+
+## Files
+
+| Path | Role |
+| ---- | ---- |
+| `agentnetwork/manager.go` | Manager interface + CRUD + permission gates + bootstrap-settings + reconcile trigger |
+| `agentnetwork/synthesizer.go` | Settings/policy → wire-format synthesis; sole writer of the proxy middleware chain |
+| `agentnetwork/synthesizer_pricing.go` | `buildCostMeterConfigJSON` — default table + per-provider prices → `cost_meter` config |
+| `agentnetwork/pricing/defaults.go` | Default pricing table derived from the catalog + supplementals; `DefaultTable`, `LookupDefault`, wire `Entry` |
+| `agentnetwork/pricing/override.go` | `LoadFile`/`StartReloader` for `AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile` (mtime poll, merge over compiled-in base) |
+| `agentnetwork/pricing/{exampleyaml,gen}.go` | Generates `defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml` from the compiled-in table (golden-tested) |
+| `agentnetwork/policyselect.go` | Per-request policy attribution + account-budget ceiling (min-wins) |
+| `agentnetwork/reconcile.go` | Per-account synth diff vs in-memory cache → Create/Update/Delete |
+| `agentnetwork/catalog/catalog.go` | Static provider catalogue (auth headers, identity-injection shapes) |
+| `agentnetwork/labelgen/{labelgen,words}.go` | DNS-safe subdomain picker + curated wordlist |
+| `agentnetwork/types/provider.go` | Provider entity + APIKey + Models + ExtraValues + SessionKeys |
+| `agentnetwork/types/policy.go` | Policy entity + `PolicyLimits` (token + budget) |
+| `agentnetwork/types/guardrail.go` | Guardrail entity (`ModelAllowlist`, `PromptCapture`) |
+| `agentnetwork/types/budgetrule.go` | `AccountBudgetRule` (reuses `PolicyLimits`) |
+| `agentnetwork/types/settings.go` | Per-account `Settings` (Cluster, Subdomain, 3 toggles) |
+| `agentnetwork/types/consumption.go` | `Consumption` row + `WindowStart` aligner |
+| `agentnetwork/{synthesizer,policyselect,reconcile,wire_shape}_*test.go` | See test coverage table |
+| `agentnetwork/types/consumption_test.go` | `WindowStart` alignment proofs |
+| `agentnetwork/labelgen/labelgen_test.go` | Deterministic picks + exhaustion + fallback |
+| `management/server/agentnetwork_realstack_test.go` | No-mock provider CRUD → network-map fan-out |
+| `management/server/agentnetwork_budgetrule_realstack_test.go` | No-mock budget-rule CRUD + settings preserve-immutable |
+
+## Architecture & flow
+
+### Synthesis (settings/policy → wire format)
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[Mutation: provider/policy/guardrail/settings] --> B[managerImpl.reconcile accountID]
+    B --> C{proxyController nil?}
+    C -- yes --> D[accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers only]
+    C -- no --> E[SynthesizeServices]
+    E --> F[loadSettings — NotFound returns ok=false, no synth]
+    F --> G[filterEnabledProviders sorted by CreatedAt]
+    G --> H[filterEnabledPolicies]
+    H --> I[backfillProviderSessionKeys if missing]
+    I --> J[indexProviderGroups: providerID -> sorted source groups]
+    J --> K[buildRouterConfigJSON drops orphan providers]
+    J --> L[buildIdentityInjectConfigJSON per catalog entry]
+    J --> K2[buildCostMeterConfigJSON: default table + per-provider prices]
+    K2 --> P
+    H --> M[mergeGuardrails: union allowlist, OR redact]
+    M --> N[applyAccountCollectionControls account toggle = SOLE capture control]
+    N --> O[marshalGuardrailConfig]
+    K --> P[buildMiddlewareChain 8 middleware entries]
+    L --> P
+    O --> P
+    P --> Q[buildAccountService: AccessGroups=union source groups, noop.invalid target]
+    Q --> R[reconcile.diffMappings vs cache]
+    R --> S[SendServiceUpdateToCluster CREATE/MODIFY/REMOVE]
+    R --> T[accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers — fans synth ACLs into network map]
+```
+
+### LLM pricing (management is the sole authority)
+
+**The proxy carries no price list.** Management synthesizes the entire pricing
+table and ships it inside `cost_meter`'s `ConfigJSON`, so a price change reaches
+the proxies as an ordinary mapping push — the chain rebuild installs a fresh
+table and there is nothing to reload on the proxy side.
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[catalog.All — PricingSurfaces x Models] --> B[buildDefaultTable + supplementalDefaults]
+    B --> C{AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile}
+    C -- absent --> D[compiled-in table serves]
+    C -- loaded --> E[LoadFile: merge file entries WHOLE over compiled base]
+    E --> F[mergedTable atomic.Pointer]
+    D --> G[DefaultTable]
+    F --> G
+    G --> H[buildCostMeterConfigJSON — pricing.defaults]
+    I[types.Provider.Models operator prices] --> J[normalizePricingModelID<br/>bedrock ARN/region/version, vertex @version]
+    J --> K[materializeEntry: default entry as base,<br/>operator input/output verbatim,<br/>cache pointers only when non-nil]
+    K --> L[pricing.providers keyed by provider record ID]
+    H --> M[cost_meter ConfigJSON]
+    L --> M
+    G --> N[GET /catalog — applyDefaultPricing prefills dashboard rows]
+    O[StartReloader: mtime poll every ReloadInterval 1m] --> E
+```
+
+**Two tiers, resolved per request on the proxy** (`synthesizer_pricing.go:22-35`):
+
+- `pricing.defaults` — surface (`openai`/`anthropic`/`bedrock`) → normalized model
+  id → rates. The **full** default table ships to every account: it is small
+  (~10 KB) and it is what keeps gateway-style providers (which enumerate no
+  models, so they claim every model) priced.
+- `pricing.providers` — provider **record** id → normalized model id → rates,
+  matched against the `llm.resolved_provider_id` the router stamps. Entries are
+  **fully materialized here**, at synth time: `materializeEntry` starts from the
+  default entry for that model so cache rates the operator didn't state are
+  inherited, overlays operator `input`/`output` verbatim (**including an explicit
+  0**, which prices a self-hosted or internal endpoint as free rather than
+  silently reverting to list price), and overlays cache-rate **pointers only when
+  non-nil** — `nil` means "inherit the default", an explicit `0` means "no
+  discount, bill this bucket at the input rate". The proxy therefore does two map
+  lookups and no merging.
+
+Same orphan rule as the router: a provider no enabled policy authorises is
+unreachable, so its prices aren't shipped. Model ids are normalized with the
+**same** functions the request parser uses (`NormalizeBedrockModel` /
+`NormalizeVertexModel`), which is what makes the per-record lookup key compare
+equal to the `llm.model` the proxy meters. Post-normalization duplicates resolve
+first-occurrence-wins, matching the routing dedup order.
+
+**`AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile`** (`config.go:190-207`) lets an operator
+replace default rates without a rebuild. Schema is `surface → model → rates`
+(`input_per_1k`, `output_per_1k`, and optional `cached_input_per_1k` /
+`cache_read_per_1k` / `cache_creation_per_1k`). Semantics:
+
+- A **relative** path resolves against `<Datadir>`, so a bare filename lands
+  alongside the store. Empty config probes `<Datadir>/defaults_llm_pricing.yaml`.
+- An **explicitly configured** path is *required to load*: a typo or malformed
+  file fails startup, because the operator believes those rates are live. The
+  conventional probe is optional — an absent file just serves compiled-in
+  defaults, and the path stays watched in case it appears later.
+- File entries **replace** the compiled-in entry for the same (surface, model)
+  **whole** — they are not field-merged, so an entry must repeat the cache rates
+  it wants to keep. Everything the file doesn't mention keeps built-in rates.
+- Unknown YAML fields are rejected (`KnownFields(true)`) and every rate must be
+  finite and non-negative — the same constraints the HTTP API enforces on
+  operator per-provider prices.
+- Reload is an mtime poll (`ReloadInterval`, 1 min) and is **lenient at runtime**:
+  a parse error keeps the previous table, a deleted file reverts to compiled-in
+  defaults. A mid-edit save can never take pricing down.
+
+The live table feeds **both** consumers, which is what keeps them consistent: the
+synthesizer (what proxies actually bill with) and `GET /api/agent-network/catalog`
+via `applyDefaultPricing` (what the dashboard's model-row prices prefill with).
+`defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml` is generated from the compiled-in table
+(`go generate ./management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing`) and
+golden-tested, so operators start from a file matching the built-in rates exactly.
+
+### Budget rule resolution (min-wins, group+user bound)
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[SelectPolicyForRequest in] --> B[checkAccountBudget — runs FIRST, independent of policies]
+    B --> C[GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules]
+    C --> D{for each enabled rule}
+    D --> E{budgetRuleApplies?}
+    E -- no --> D
+    E -- yes --> F[attrGroup = lowestIntersect TargetGroups, in.GroupIDs]
+    F --> G{Token cap enabled?}
+    G -- yes --> H[evalTokenCap user dim + group dim]
+    H --> I{exhausted?}
+    I -- yes --> J[DENY: llm_account.token_cap_exceeded - STOP]
+    I -- no --> K{Budget cap enabled?}
+    G -- no --> K
+    K -- yes --> L[evalBudgetCap user dim + group dim]
+    L --> M{exhausted?}
+    M -- yes --> N[DENY: llm_account.budget_cap_exceeded - STOP]
+    M -- no --> D
+    K -- no --> D
+    D --> O[All rules passed -> fall through to per-policy selection]
+```
+
+Key invariant: **rules are checked sequentially and ANY exhausted rule denies (all-must-pass / min-wins).** Untargeted rules (`len(TargetGroups)==0 && len(TargetUsers)==0`) apply to every caller (`policyselect.go:393`).
+
+### Policy selection (per-peer, per-request)
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[Account-budget gate passed] --> B[GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies]
+    B --> C[filterApplicablePolicies enabled + provider match + group intersect]
+    C --> D{candidates empty?}
+    D -- yes --> E[Allow, empty SelectedPolicyID]
+    D -- no --> F[scoreCandidates -> scoreOne per policy]
+    F --> G[scoreOne: attrGroup + window]
+    G --> H{any cap exhausted?}
+    H -- yes --> I[Drop policy; record last deny code]
+    H -- no --> K[Keep as live candidate]
+    F --> L{live candidates exist?}
+    L -- no --> M[Deny with last exhaustion code]
+    L -- yes --> N[Sort: uncapped wins -> larger group token -> group budget -> user token -> user budget -> oldest CreatedAt]
+    N --> O[winner = scored 0]
+    O --> P[Allow + SelectedPolicyID + AttributionGroupID + WindowSeconds]
+```
+
+End-to-end: a mutation calls `managerImpl.reconcile(ctx, accountID)` (`manager.go:205,239,...`). Reconcile defers an `accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers` so the network-map controller re-runs and `injectAllProxyPolicies` picks up the new access groups; with a `proxyController` wired, it re-synthesizes the service, diffs against `reconcileCache[accountID]` (guarded by `reconcileMu`), and emits proto mappings to the cluster derived from the mapping's domain (`reconcile.go:120`). Synthesis is stateless and idempotent. Sole persistent side effect: `backfillProviderSessionKeys` (`synthesizer.go:249`) mints ed25519 keys on legacy provider rows and writes them back.
+
+At request time the path is independent: the proxy calls `SelectPolicyForRequest` (`policyselect.go:56`); account-budget ceiling first, then per-policy scoring. Token + budget caps share `evalTokenCap` / `evalBudgetCap` — same primitive for account rules and policy limits, `label` differentiates the deny reason. After a served request, `RecordAccountBudgetUsage` (`policyselect.go:415`) fans deltas to every applicable rule's distinct `(dim_kind, dim_id, window)` tuple, deduplicating to prevent double-count when two rules share target+window.
+
+## Public contracts
+
+- **Manager interface** (`manager.go:48-80`): CRUD for `Providers/Policies/Guardrails/BudgetRules`; `GetSettings/UpdateSettings` (cluster + subdomain immutable, only the three toggles mutate); `ListConsumption/RecordConsumption(account, kind, dimID, windowSec, in, out, USD)`; `RecordAccountBudgetUsage(account, user, groups, in, out, USD)`; `SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, PolicySelectionInput) → *PolicySelectionResult{Allow, SelectedPolicyID, AttributionGroupID, WindowSeconds, DenyCode, DenyReason}`.
+- **`PolicySelectionInput`** (`manager.go:85-90`): `{AccountID, UserID, GroupIDs, ProviderID}` — populated by the proxy from CapturedData + `llm_router` resolution.
+- **Synthesized middleware chain** (`synthesizer.go:576-657`), order load-bearing — response slot runs reverse-of-slice:
+
+  | Slot | Idx | ID | ConfigJSON shape | CanMutate |
+  | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+  | on_request | 0 | `llm_request_parser` | `{"capture_prompt": <bool>, "redact_pii"?: true}` | – |
+  | on_request | 1 | `llm_router` | `{"providers":[{id, models[], upstream_*, auth_header_*, allowed_group_ids[]}]}` | **true** |
+  | on_request | 2 | `llm_limit_check` | `{}` | – |
+  | on_request | 3 | `llm_identity_inject` | `{"providers":[{provider_id, header_pair?, json_metadata?, extra_headers?}]}` | **true** |
+  | on_request | 4 | `llm_guardrail` | `{"provider_allowlists"?: {providerID: []model}, "prompt_capture":{enabled,redact_pii}}` | – |
+  | on_response | 5 | `llm_limit_record` | `{}` (runs LAST at runtime) | – |
+  | on_response | 6 | `cost_meter` | `{"pricing":{"defaults":{surface:{model:rates}},"providers"?:{providerRecordID:{model:rates}}}}` — rates are `{input_per_1k, output_per_1k, cached_input_per_1k?, cache_read_per_1k?, cache_creation_per_1k?}` | – |
+  | on_response | 7 | `llm_response_parser` | `{"capture_completion": <bool>, "redact_pii"?: true}` | – |
+- **Synthesized service shape** (`synthesizer.go:739`): `Mode=HTTP`, `Private=true`, `Domain=<subdomain>.<cluster>`, `AccessGroups=unionSourceGroups(enabledPolicies)`, one `TargetTypeCluster` target with `Host=noop.invalid:443` (router rewrites per request), `Options.{DirectUpstream,AgentNetwork}=true`, `DisableAccessLog=!settings.EnableLogCollection`, `CaptureMax{Req,Resp}Bytes=1<<20`, `CaptureContentTypes=["application/json","text/event-stream"]`.
+
+## Invariants
+
+- **Min-wins / all-must-pass for account budget rules** (`checkAccountBudget`, `policyselect.go:353`): every applicable enabled rule is checked; first exhausted cap denies. Untargeted rules bind every caller.
+- **Account toggle is the SOLE control for capture enablement.** `applyAccountCollectionControls` (`synthesizer.go:701`) sets `merged.PromptCapture.Enabled = settings.EnablePromptCollection` *unconditionally*.
+- **Capture-pointer semantics on parser configs** — see "Things to scrutinize" below.
+- **`EnableLogCollection` ↔ `DisableAccessLog` is the only access-log toggle** (`synthesizer.go:770`). Default off ⇒ access log suppressed.
+- **`RedactPii` flows verbatim to BOTH parsers** (`synthesizer.go:584-585`) and is OR'd into the merged guardrail (`synthesizer.go:706`).
+- **Cluster and Subdomain are immutable on Settings.** `UpdateSettings` reloads existing row and overlays only the three toggles (`manager.go:558-561`).
+- **Orphan providers (no enabled policy authorises them) NEVER reach the router** (`synthesizer.go:351-357`); skipped from `identity_inject` for symmetry.
+- **Provider creation refuses empty `api_key`** (`manager.go:175`); **deletion refuses while any policy still references it** (`manager.go:265-273`).
+- **Session keypair stability across provider edits** (`manager.go:226-228`) — server-managed, copied through every `UpdateProvider`, never API-surfaced.
+- **Management is the sole pricing authority.** The proxy has no embedded price list, so an account whose `cost_meter` config carries no `pricing` block bills **nothing** (`cost.skipped=unknown_model`, $0) rather than falling back to stale built-ins. The top-level `pricing` wrapper is also the feature-detection signal in both directions: an old proxy ignores it as an unknown field, and a new proxy reads its absence as "old management".
+- **Per-provider prices are materialized at synth time, not merged on the proxy** (`synthesizer_pricing.go:114-131`). A per-record entry is always complete, so the proxy's lookup is per-record-then-defaults with no field-level fallback between tiers.
+- **An explicit operator price of `0` prices the model as free** — it must not be treated as "unset" and reverted to list price (`synthesizer_pricing.go:49-54`). Only *cache*-rate fields distinguish unset from zero, via `*float64`.
+- **Pricing model ids are normalized with the same functions the request parser uses** (`normalizePricingModelID`). If the two ever diverge, per-record prices silently stop matching and every request falls through to surface defaults.
+- **The default table's coverage is structural, not curated.** It is derived from the catalog via each provider's `PricingSurfaces`; `TestDefaultTable_CoversEveryCatalogModel` fails on an unpriced catalog model and `TestDefaultTable_NoConflictingContributions` fails if two providers contribute the same (surface, model) at different rates.
+- **A pricing-defaults file failure is fatal only at startup, and only for an explicitly configured path.** Runtime reload failures keep the previous table; a deleted file reverts to compiled-in defaults (`pricing/override.go:62-81, 113-148`).
+
+## Things to scrutinize
+
+### Correctness
+
+- **Capture-pointer semantics — `*bool` vs `bool`.** Three states, owned by separate sides:
+  - **Wire JSON this module emits:** `buildParserConfigJSON` (`synthesizer.go:678-693`) *always* stamps the capture field. Agent-network targets ship `"capture_prompt": false` or `"capture_prompt": true` — never absent. Same for `"capture_completion"`. The happy-path test pins `{"capture_prompt":false}` (`synthesizer_test.go:174`).
+  - **Proxy-side parser config (consumer):** parsers decode into `*bool`. Matrix:
+    - `nil` (field absent) → **legacy default = emit**. Preserved for non-agent-network callers and pre-existing tests (the backward-compat hook).
+    - `false` (field present, value false) → **suppress emission entirely**. The behaviour for opted-out agent-network accounts. Without this, `enable_log_collection=true` + `enable_prompt_collection=false` would leak raw user input AND raw model output to the access log.
+    - `true` → emit normally.
+  - **Why the synth always stamps a value:** an agent-network mapping omitting the field would hit legacy "always emit" and re-introduce the leak. The `json.Marshal` error fallback at `synthesizer.go:687` degrades to `{}` — comment-claimed unreachable, but if ever fired re-introduces the leak. Consider fail-closed (return literal `{"capture_prompt":false}`) instead.
+- **`scoreCandidates` non-cumulative deny code.** Only the *last* exhausted policy's deny code survives (`policyselect.go:188-190`). Iteration order is store's natural order. Auth signal is `len(scored)==0`, so this is informational only — verify no UI depends on "first exhausted policy" semantics.
+- **`effectiveWindowSeconds` token-wins tiebreak.** When both halves are enabled with different windows, token's window wins (`policyselect.go:482`). Verify `RecordLLMUsage` increments against the winning window only.
+- **`RecordAccountBudgetUsage` dedup.** Two rules with the same `(kind, dim_id, window)` would double-count without the `tuples` map (`policyselect.go:434-449`). Key includes all three dimensions — correct.
+- **Fail-closed on bad provider:** unknown catalog id (`synthesizer.go:794-796`) or empty API key (`synthesizer.go:801-803`) drops the **entire** account's synth, not just the bad provider. Confirm matches operator UX.
+
+### Security
+
+- **Redact OR-merge:** merged `RedactPii` = account OR guardrail (`synthesizer.go:706`). **Parser-side flag is `settings.RedactPii` only, NOT the OR** — a guardrail-only opt-in does not propagate to parsers. Correct because the account toggle gates capture, but worth noting on the proxy side.
+- **Group resolution must not leak across accounts.** Every store call carries `accountID` (`policyselect.go:73, 286, 298, 322, 334, 354`); `lowestIntersect` uses caller's claimed groups only (`policyselect.go:494`). Risk surface is upstream (handler populates `in.GroupIDs`).
+- **`UpdateSettings` preserves immutable Cluster + Subdomain** (`manager.go:558`). A client can't rebind the cluster.
+- **Provider session keypair backfill writes through `SaveAgentNetworkProvider`** (`synthesizer.go:256`) from a read-shaped call. Idempotent → worst case is a wasted write under concurrent reconcile + snapshot.
+
+### Concurrency
+
+- **`reconcileMu`** guards `reconcileCache`. Lock window is narrow — compute diff inside, send outside (`reconcile.go:56-68`).
+- **`labelRngMu`** guards `labelRng` because `math/rand.Source` is unsafe for concurrent use (`manager.go:638-640`).
+- **Real-store tests** use `store.NewTestStoreFromSQL` with `t.TempDir()` per test — no shared state, no `t.Parallel()`.
+- **`RecordAccountBudgetUsage` dedup `tuples` map is per-call;** concurrent calls fan out fully — correct (each request's tokens book once per applicable rule).
+- **Deferred `UpdateAccountPeers` runs inline after the proxy push** (`reconcile.go:28-35`); a slow call stretches CRUD response time.
+
+### Backward compatibility
+
+- **Capture-pointer semantics (restated):** non-agent-network callers see no field → legacy nil-default emit, identical to pre-PR. Agent-network targets always carry an explicit `capture_*` value.
+- **`TestSynthesizeServices_HappyPath` was updated:** request-parser config moved from `{}` to `{"capture_prompt":false}` (`synthesizer_test.go:174`). External snapshot tests against synth output need updating.
+- **`MergedGuardrails` retains zeroed `TokenLimits`/`Budget`/`Retention`** even though `Policy.Limits` carries the real values now; `llm_limit_check` is the authoritative enforcement. Comment at `synthesizer.go:940-948` calls this out.
+- **`cost_meter`'s `pricing` block is version-skew-safe in both directions.** A proxy predating config-delivered pricing ignores the field as unknown JSON (it previously priced from its own embedded table, so it keeps billing — at its own rates, which is the skew to be aware of during a rolling upgrade). A current proxy paired with old management sees no `pricing` block, logs one warning at chain-build time, and records `cost.skipped=unknown_model` — token counting and cap enforcement are unaffected, only the USD annotation goes to $0.
+
+### Performance
+
+- **`SynthesizeServices` runs on every controller tick / mutation reconcile.** Cost: 4 store reads + optional per-provider keypair backfill. Sort + index + merge are O(N log N) / O(P × G); dominant cost is JSON marshalling. No nested loops escape these dimensions.
+- **The full default pricing table is marshalled into every account's `cost_meter` config on every synth** (~10 KB serialized). This is a deliberate trade: it keeps gateway-style providers priced for every catalog model, and it is the largest single contributor to the synth JSON. `DefaultTable()` itself is a pointer load (or a `sync.Once`-built map) — the cost is the marshal, not the build.
+- **`reconcile.diffMappings` is O(N + M)** with N=M=1 per account today — effectively constant.
+- **`SynthesizeServicesForCluster`** (`synthesizer.go:71`) walks every account on a cluster; per-account failures are **swallowed** (`synthesizer.go:91-93`) so a single misconfigured account doesn't drop the cluster. Runs per proxy reconnect.
+
+### Observability
+
+- **Activity codes:** `AgentNetwork{Provider,Policy,Guardrail,BudgetRule}{Created,Updated,Deleted}`; `AgentNetworkSettingsUpdated` with `log_collection/prompt_collection/redact_pii` payload (`manager.go:567-571`). **No activity code for `SelectPolicyForRequest` denies** — surfaced via proxy access log only (likely intentional given volume).
+- **Deny codes** namespaced: `llm_policy.{token,budget}_cap_exceeded`, `llm_account.{token,budget}_cap_exceeded` (`policyselect.go:18-26`).
+- **Reconcile failures are logged at warn and swallowed** (`reconcile.go:42-44`). Persistent synth failures (e.g. unknown catalog id) silently keep the proxy out of sync — consider a manager-level synth-health surface if this becomes a support burden.
+- **Pricing-file lifecycle logs at info** (load, reload, revert-to-built-ins) and **at warn** for a runtime reload failure; the mtime check itself is `Debugf`. There is no metric on reload failures, so an operator who breaks the file mid-flight keeps billing at the previous table with only a log line to show it (`pricing/override.go:113-148`).
+
+## Test coverage
+
+| Test file | Locks down |
+| --------- | ---------- |
+| `synthesizer_test.go` | Mock-store: `HappyPath` (8-mw chain ordering, `{"capture_prompt":false}` baseline); `No{Settings,Providers}`; `Disabled{Provider,Policy}_NoService`; `RouterConfigOrdering`; `PolicyCheckConfig_UnionsSourceGroups`; `OrphanProvider_HasEmptyAllowedGroups`; identity-inject for LiteLLM / Bifrost (overrides + partial disable) / Cloudflare / Portkey / Vercel / OpenRouter / generic non-customizable; `GuardrailMerge_AllowlistUnion_LimitsRestrictive`; `BackfillsMissingSessionKeys`; `HTTPUpstream_KeepsExplicitPort`; `UpstreamURLPath_FlowsToRouter`; `UnknownProviderID_FailsClosed`; `EmptyAPIKey_FailsClosed`. |
+| `synthesizer_realstore_test.go` | Real-sqlite: `SurvivesStatusToggle` reproduces the disable/re-enable 403 regression; `Reconcile_RealStore_PushesPrivateAfterStatusToggle` extends through reconcile push. |
+| `synthesizer_guardrail_realstore_test.go` | `PromptCaptureAccountIsSoleControl`; `PromptCaptureFlowsWhenAccountOptsIn`; `AccountRedactWithoutGuardrailRedact`; `NoGuardrail_CaptureOff`. |
+| `synthesizer_log_collection_realstore_test.go` | `LogCollection{Off_SuppressesAccessLog,On_PermitsAccessLog}` — verifies `DisableAccessLog` propagation through `ToProtoMapping`. |
+| `synthesizer_parser_redact_realstore_test.go` | **Capture-pointer regression suite:** `ParserConfigsCarryRedactPii`; `ParserConfigsSuppressCaptureWhenLogCollectionOnly` (log=on/prompt=off ⇒ both capture flags false); `ParserConfigsOmitRedactPiiWhenOff`. |
+| `synthesizer_pricing_test.go` | `BuildCostMeterConfig_{BedrockModelNormalization,CacheRateNilVsZero,OrphanAndGatewayProviders}` — the per-record tier's three load-bearing rules: keys normalized like the parser's, `nil` cache pointer inherits vs explicit `0` bills at input rate, and orphan / gateway (empty `Models`) providers ship no per-record entry. |
+| `pricing/defaults_test.go` | `DefaultTable_{CoversEveryCatalogModel,NoConflictingContributions,AllRatesFiniteNonNegative,PinnedRates}`; `LookupDefault_SurfaceOrder`. Catalog-derived coverage + rate sanity are structural, not curated. |
+| `pricing/override_test.go` | `LoadFile_{MergesOverCompiledDefaults,MissingPath,RejectsInvalid}`; `Reload_LifeCycle` (mtime detect, parse error keeps previous, delete reverts to built-ins); `ExampleYAML_InSyncWithBuiltins` golden. |
+| `policyselect_test.go` | Mock-store: `NoApplicablePolicies`; `AllowWithLowestGroupAttribution`; `LargerPoolWinsAcrossUsageLevels`; `StaysOnLargerPoolAfterPartialDrain`; `FallsThroughToSmallerPoolWhenLargerExhausted`; `TiebreakBy{LargerGroupPool,CreatedAt}`; `DeniesWhenAllExhausted`; `UncappedPolicyAlwaysWinsAgainstCapped`; `DisabledPolicyIgnored`; `StoreErrorPropagates`; `RejectsEmptyAccount`; `SharesGroupCounterAcrossPolicies`; `AntiFallThroughOnLowestGroup`; `BudgetOnlyExhaustionDenies`; `BudgetTighterThanTokenWins`. |
+| `policyselect_realstore_test.go` | Real-sqlite regression guard: `NoApplicablePolicies`; `AllowAndLowestGroupAttribution`; `LargerPoolWins_FallsThroughWhenExhausted`; `BudgetCapDenies`; `GroupCounterSharedAcrossPolicies`; `DisabledPolicyIgnored`. |
+| `policyselect_account_realstore_test.go` | Account budget rules: `AccountCeilingBindsEvenWithUncappedPolicy` (min-wins); `AccountGroupCeiling`; `AccountTargetUsersBindsOnlyThatUser`; `AccountRuleRecordsToOwnWindow`. |
+| `reconcile_test.go` | `FirstSynth_EmitsCreate`; `NoChange_EmitsNothingExtra` (re-push as Modified — verify desired); `PolicyRemoved_EmitsDelete`; `NilProxyController_NoOp`; `EmptyAccountID_NoOp`; `ClusterFromMapping`. |
+| `wire_shape_test.go` | `TestSynthesizedService_WireShape` — proto-shape lockdown via `ToProtoMapping`. Catches "service not matching" (mapping reaches proxy but no SNI/HTTP route). Asserts ID, Domain, Mode, AuthToken, `Private`, `Auth.Oidc=false`, one path `/` + `https://noop.invalid/`, 8 middlewares with correct slot enums, router config `auth_header_value="Bearer sk-test-key"`. |
+| `labelgen/labelgen_test.go` | `PickUnique_{DeterministicWithSeededRng,AvoidsTakenWordsWhenMostAreReserved,FallsBackWhenAllReserved}`; `UniqueWords_DropsDuplicates`. |
+| `types/consumption_test.go` | `WindowStart_{AlignedToUnixEpoch,WithinWindowConverges,AcrossWindowsDiverges,DifferentWindowsHaveDifferentBuckets,SubMinuteAndMinuteAlignment,ZeroWindowReturnsInputUTC}`. Bucket alignment so multi-node reads converge. |
+| `agentnetwork_realstack_test.go` | `ProviderCRUD_FansOutToProxyAndClientPeers` — no-mock end-to-end through real account manager + network-map + agentnetwork: provider create propagates the updated map to both proxy peer and client peer with the synth DNS surface. |
+| `agentnetwork_budgetrule_realstack_test.go` | `BudgetRuleCRUD_RealManager`; `UpdateSettings_PreservesImmutableAndTogglesCollection`. |
+
+## Known limitations / explicit non-goals
+
+- **`MergedGuardrails.TokenLimits/Budget/Retention` emit at zero** (`synthesizer.go:940-948`); real enforcement is `Policy.Limits` via `llm_limit_check`. Future cleanup implied.
+- **Session keys picked from first enabled provider by created_at** (`pickServiceSessionKeys`, `synthesizer.go:270`). Existing session cookies survive provider edits only while the first-by-CreatedAt provider stays in place. Document for operators.
+- **Reconcile failures silently swallowed** (`reconcile.go:42-44`). Persistent failures keep the proxy out of sync until the next reconcile.
+- **`scoreCandidates` exposes only the LAST exhaustion's deny code** when multiple policies are exhausted.
+- **`bootstrapSettingsIfNeeded` failure is non-fatal to provider create** (`manager.go:200`): provider lands, synth is no-op until the next provider create retries the bootstrap.
+- **Budget rules do not trigger a reconcile** (`manager.go:476-477`). Request-time evaluation only; new rules take effect on the next request without a proxy push.
+
+## Cross-references
+
+- **Upstream:** [shared/api](10-shared-api.md), [management/store](20-management-store.md), reverseproxy `service`/`proxy`/`sessionkey` packages, `management/server/permissions` + `activity`.
+- **Downstream:** [management/handlers (HTTP wiring)](22-management-handlers-wiring.md), [proxy/middleware-builtin](31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md), network-map controller (`injectAllProxyPolicies` fan-out).
+- **End-to-end flow:** [../01-end-to-end-flows.md](../01-end-to-end-flows.md) — "Provider create → reconcile → proxy push → peer map refresh" and "request → policy select → record" diagrams.
+- **Top-level:** [../00-overview.md](../00-overview.md)
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/22-management-handlers-wiring.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/22-management-handlers-wiring.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b8a47445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/22-management-handlers-wiring.md
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# management/handlers + wiring — HTTP API + gRPC delivery
+
+> **Risk level:** Medium — the surface is mostly additive, but two changes are load-bearing: `injectAllProxyPolicies` runs on every per-peer compute, and `shallowCloneMapping` must round-trip `Private` (a missed field silently breaks every MODIFIED).
+> **Backward-compat impact:** Additive on the wire (new routes, new RPCs, new proto fields, new gorm column on `AccessLogEntry`). One management-internal break: `nbhttp.NewAPIHandler` gains a trailing `agentNetworkManager` parameter; `nil` is tolerated and silently skips route registration.
+
+## Module boundary
+
+This module is the seam between the public Agent Network HTTP API and the proxy fleet that serves agent traffic. North side: a `/api/agent-network/*` surface (providers, policies, guardrails, budget rules, settings, consumption) on the existing gorilla router, delegating to `agentnetwork.Manager`. Handlers are thin — they translate `api.*` ↔ `types.*`, validate shape, forward. RBAC and event emission stay inside the manager (`manager.go:680-682`).
+
+South side: `ProxyServiceServer` (`proxy.go`) learns to (a) ship synth services to a proxy on initial snapshot, (b) resolve agent-network domains in `getServiceByDomain` for OIDC/session/tunnel-peer flows, (c) gate LLM requests via `CheckLLMPolicyLimits` + `RecordLLMUsage`, (d) preserve `Private` through `shallowCloneMapping` so per-proxy live updates don't silently flip services public. The network_map controller prepends synth services to `account.Services` on every per-peer compute; `accesslogentry.go` gains an indexed `AgentNetwork` column so the dashboard can filter cheaply.
+
+## Files
+
+| Path | Role |
+| ---- | ---- |
+| `handlers/agentnetwork/providers_handler.go` | Catalog + provider CRUD + central `AddEndpoints` |
+| `handlers/agentnetwork/policies_handler.go` | Policy CRUD + shared `validatePolicy*` |
+| `handlers/agentnetwork/guardrails_handler.go` | Guardrail CRUD |
+| `handlers/agentnetwork/budget_handler.go` | Account-level budget rule CRUD |
+| `handlers/agentnetwork/settings_handler.go` | GET (200+`null` if unbootstrapped) + PUT toggles |
+| `handlers/agentnetwork/consumption_handler.go` | Read-only consumption rows |
+| `handlers/agentnetwork/handlers_test.go` | Real-store fixture; wire round-trip + validation |
+| `handlers/agentnetwork/budget_handler_test.go` | Budget-rule + settings toggles |
+| `server/http/handler.go` | New `agentNetworkManager` arg; conditional `AddEndpoints` |
+| `server/permissions/modules/module.go` | New `AgentNetwork` module key |
+| `internals/server/boot.go` | Wires synthesiser adapter + limits service into proxy server |
+| `internals/server/modules.go` | `AgentNetworkManager()` lazy-create node |
+| `internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller.go` | `injectAllProxyPolicies` replaces 4 `InjectProxyPolicies` calls |
+| `internals/controllers/network_map/controller/repository.go` | `SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices` repo method |
+| `internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go` | `MiddlewareConfig`, capture limits, `AgentNetwork`, `DisableAccessLog` + proto |
+| `internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/accesslogentry.go` | Indexed `AgentNetwork bool` from proto |
+| `internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go` | Synth wiring, 2 RPCs, domain fallback, `Private` in clone |
+| `internals/shared/grpc/proxy_clone_test.go` | Locks every `ProxyMapping` field minus `AuthToken` |
+| `server/activity/codes.go` | 13 new activity codes (125-137) |
+
+## HTTP routes added
+
+All routes inherit the platform's auth middleware. Perms enforced inside `agentnetwork.Manager.requirePermission` (`manager.go:680-682`) on `modules.AgentNetwork`. Permission column shows the `op` passed to `requirePermission` — read = `Read`, etc.
+
+| Method | Path | Perm | Handler |
+| ------ | ---- | ---- | ------- |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/catalog/providers` | authn only | `providers_handler.go:43` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/providers` | read | `providers_handler.go:57` |
+| POST   | `/agent-network/providers` | create | `providers_handler.go:97` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/providers/{providerId}` | read | `providers_handler.go:77` |
+| PUT    | `/agent-network/providers/{providerId}` | update | `providers_handler.go:132` |
+| DELETE | `/agent-network/providers/{providerId}` | delete | `providers_handler.go:172` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/policies` | read | `policies_handler.go:32` |
+| POST   | `/agent-network/policies` | create | `policies_handler.go:72` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/policies/{policyId}` | read | `policies_handler.go:52` |
+| PUT    | `/agent-network/policies/{policyId}` | update | `policies_handler.go:102` |
+| DELETE | `/agent-network/policies/{policyId}` | delete | `policies_handler.go:142` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/guardrails` | read | `guardrails_handler.go:25` |
+| POST   | `/agent-network/guardrails` | create | `guardrails_handler.go:65` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/guardrails/{guardrailId}` | read | `guardrails_handler.go:45` |
+| PUT    | `/agent-network/guardrails/{guardrailId}` | update | `guardrails_handler.go:95` |
+| DELETE | `/agent-network/guardrails/{guardrailId}` | delete | `guardrails_handler.go:135` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/budget-rules` | read | `budget_handler.go:24` |
+| POST   | `/agent-network/budget-rules` | create | `budget_handler.go:64` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/budget-rules/{ruleId}` | read | `budget_handler.go:44` |
+| PUT    | `/agent-network/budget-rules/{ruleId}` | update | `budget_handler.go:95` |
+| DELETE | `/agent-network/budget-rules/{ruleId}` | delete | `budget_handler.go:135` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/settings` | read | `settings_handler.go:53` (200+`null` if no row) |
+| PUT    | `/agent-network/settings` | update | `settings_handler.go:27` |
+| GET    | `/agent-network/consumption` | read | `consumption_handler.go:21` |
+
+## gRPC RPCs added (or modified)
+
+| RPC | Direction | Trigger |
+| --- | --------- | ------- |
+| `CheckLLMPolicyLimits` | proxy→mgmt unary | Pre-flight gate; returns allow/deny, selected policy, attribution group, window, deny code+reason (`proxy.go:259-301`). `Unimplemented` when limits service is nil. |
+| `RecordLLMUsage` | proxy→mgmt unary | Post-flight write of tokens+cost against policy-window dimensions + every applicable account budget rule (`proxy.go:303-349`). `window_seconds==0` ⇒ no policy cap, only account fan-out runs. |
+| `GetMappingUpdate`/`SendServiceUpdate` (stream) | mgmt→proxy | Snapshot (`proxy.go:752-780`) now appends `SynthesizeServicesForCluster`. Live updates use `SendServiceUpdateToCluster` + `shallowCloneMapping`. |
+
+## Architecture & flow
+
+### HTTP request lifecycle
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant DB as Dashboard
+    participant R as gorilla.Router (/api)
+    participant H as handler (agentnetwork)
+    participant M as agentnetwork.Manager
+    participant S as store.Store
+    participant AM as accountManager (StoreEvent)
+
+    DB->>R: POST /api/agent-network/providers
+    R->>H: createProvider (auth mw sets UserAuth)
+    H->>H: GetUserAuthFromContext + validate(req)
+    H->>M: CreateProvider(userID, provider, bootstrapCluster)
+    M->>M: requirePermission(AgentNetwork, Create)
+    M->>S: SaveAgentNetworkProvider
+    M->>AM: StoreEvent(AgentNetworkProviderCreated)
+    M-->>H: created provider
+    H-->>DB: 200 + api.AgentNetworkProvider JSON
+```
+
+### Synth-service delivery via gRPC
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant P as Proxy
+    participant G as ProxyServiceServer
+    participant SM as service.Manager (persisted)
+    participant SA as synthesizerAdapter
+    participant AN as SynthesizeServicesForCluster
+    participant ST as store.Store
+
+    Note over P,G: Initial snapshot
+    P->>G: GetMappingUpdate (stream open)
+    G->>SM: GetServicesForCluster(conn.address)
+    SM-->>G: persisted []*Service
+    G->>SA: SynthesizeServicesForCluster(conn.address)
+    SA->>AN: SynthesizeServicesForCluster(store, clusterAddr)
+    AN->>ST: walk every account; read providers/policies/settings
+    AN-->>SA: in-memory []*Service
+    SA-->>G: []*Service
+    G->>P: response (persisted + synth)
+
+    Note over G,P: Per-request live update
+    G->>G: SendServiceUpdateToCluster(update, clusterAddr)
+    G->>G: shallowCloneMapping(update)   %% Private MUST survive
+    G->>P: response with single mapping
+```
+
+End-to-end: HTTP write persists rows and emits an activity event; the manager then triggers `proxyController.SendServiceUpdate` so proxies re-render. **The snapshot path is the only one that calls into the synthesiser** — on stream open it pulls persisted services then appends synth services for the cluster. Synth services are never persisted. For OIDC/session/tunnel-peer flows, `getServiceByDomain` falls back to `SynthesizeServicesForCluster(clusterFromDomain(domain))` when persisted lookup misses (`proxy.go:1763-1793`). The network_map contribution is orthogonal: per-peer compute prepends the same synth services to `account.Services` before `InjectProxyPolicies`.
+
+## Permissions model added
+
+- `permissions/modules/module.go:22` adds `AgentNetwork Module = "agent_network"`, registered in `All` (`module.go:42`). Standard `operations.{Read,Create,Update,Delete}` matrix.
+- Handlers don't call `permissionsManager` directly — they extract `UserAuth` and delegate to `agentnetwork.Manager`, which gates every mutation through `requirePermission` (`manager.go:168, 308, 549`, etc.). Confirm your role-set provider has `agent_network` rows for owner/admin/user/billing-admin before merging.
+- `getCatalogProviders` (`providers_handler.go:43`) intentionally skips RBAC — catalog is global static data.
+
+## Activity codes added
+
+`activity/codes.go:244-274` adds Activities 125-137 + string/code mappings (`codes.go:428-444`), following `<domain>.<resource>.<action>` (e.g., `agent_network.provider.create`). Audit-log exporters / SIEM forwarders need to know the new codes.
+
+## Invariants
+
+- **Synth services are never persisted.** Snapshot appends after `serviceManager.GetServicesForCluster` (`proxy.go:761-770`); network_map prepends before `InjectProxyPolicies` (`controller.go:117-126`).
+- **`shallowCloneMapping` must round-trip every `ProxyMapping` field except `AuthToken`** — `proxy_clone_test.go:50-58` enforces via `gproto.Equal`. The bug it guards: a missing `Private` made every MODIFIED arrive `private=false`, the proxy skipped `ValidateTunnelPeer`, `UserGroups` stayed empty, `llm_router` denied `no_authorised_provider`; a restart "fixed" it because the snapshot uses the original mapping.
+- **Limit-window floor is 60s** (`policies_handler.go:189-220`); enabled cap with both per-group and per-user at zero is rejected. Budget rules reuse the same validator (`budget_handler.go:170`).
+- **Manager is optional at boot.** `NewAPIHandler` registers routes only when non-nil (`handler.go:129`); `ProxyServiceServer` returns `Unimplemented` from both RPCs when limits service is unwired (`proxy.go:262-265, 306-309`).
+- **Settings GET on an unbootstrapped account returns 200 + `null`** (`settings_handler.go:65-72`) — not 404.
+
+## Things to scrutinize
+
+### Correctness
+- **`injectAllProxyPolicies` runs on every per-peer compute**: `controller.go:163, 309, 415, 681`. `sendUpdateAccountPeers` is the target of the buffered fan-out — synth runs once per debounced account-update tick **and** once per direct `UpdateAccountPeer`. Cost is O(providers + policies × users-per-group) per account under `LockingStrengthNone`. No per-account synth cache — verify it fits the buffer interval for your largest tenant.
+- **`clusterFromDomain` strips at the first `.`** (`proxy.go:1784-1792`). A zero-dot domain returns `""` and the synth call walks every account. Confirm no path reaches this with a malformed/internal domain.
+- **Account-budget `RecordConsumption` fans out even when `window_seconds == 0`** (`proxy.go:341-348`) — intentional. Verify the proxy never sends `RecordLLMUsage` for a request that wasn't actually allowed.
+
+### Security
+- Every handler extracts `UserAuth` via `nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext` before any work. Routes live behind the standard `/api` mux; bypass list is not extended.
+- `CheckLLMPolicyLimits` / `RecordLLMUsage` ride the existing **proxy → mgmt** gRPC connection auth. No additional token check inside the RPCs — they trust the connection. Confirm the proxy-side token-verification interceptor in this package gates both.
+- `RecordLLMUsage` only validates `account_id != ""` (`proxy.go:317-319`). A compromised proxy can attribute cost to any account in its cluster — was already true for prior RPCs but is louder now that data drives denials.
+
+### Concurrency
+- `SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer` / `SetAgentNetworkLimitsService` write under `s.mu.Lock`; read paths copy the interface under read lock (`proxy.go:236-247, 260-263, 304-307`). Same pattern as existing `serviceManager`/`proxyController` setters.
+- Manager writes use `LockingStrengthUpdate`; synth reads use `LockingStrengthNone` — read-after-write via the proxy snapshot can observe a stale view by up to one fan-out tick.
+- Network_map controller is single-threaded per account; cross-account is parallel.
+
+### Backward compatibility
+- `proxy_clone_test.go` is the regression net; any new `ProxyMapping` field must be cloned or explicitly nulled in the test.
+- `AccessLogEntry` adds indexed `AgentNetwork bool` — implicit AutoMigrate; deploy story must handle table-rewrite cost on high-volume access-log tables.
+- `TargetOptions` gains seven `omitempty` JSON fields (`service.go:69-94`); on-wire shape stays compatible. `targetOptionsToProto` tests all fields when deciding nil (`service.go:551-556`).
+- `NewAPIHandler` signature changes — every caller must pass `agentNetworkManager`; `nil` is supported.
+
+### Observability
+- 13 new activity codes via `accountManager.StoreEvent` in the manager — confirm dashboard's audit-log UI maps them.
+- `AccessLogEntry.AgentNetwork` is indexed for the dashboard's agent-network log filter.
+- New RPCs log at error level on store/selector failures (`proxy.go:284, 327, 332, 348`). Snapshot synth failures degrade to warnings — stream is not aborted (`proxy.go:765`).
+
+## Test coverage
+
+| Test | Locks down |
+| ---- | ---------- |
+| `handlers_test.go::TestPolicyHandler_WindowSecondsRoundTrip` | GET carries `window_seconds`; legacy `window_hours`/`window_days` absent. |
+| `handlers_test.go::TestPolicyHandler_RejectsSubMinuteWindow` | POST `<60s` returns 4xx. |
+| `handlers_test.go::TestConsumptionHandler_EmptyAccountReturnsArray` | `/consumption` returns `[]` — never null. |
+| `handlers_test.go::TestConsumptionHandler_PopulatedAccountListsRows` | RecordConsumption×2 surfaces both with correct tokens/cost/window. |
+| `budget_handler_test.go::TestBudgetRuleHandler_RoundTrip` | Targets + PolicyLimits shape round-trip. |
+| `budget_handler_test.go::TestBudgetRuleHandler_ListReturnsArray` | Empty-list shape. |
+| `budget_handler_test.go::TestBudgetRuleHandler_{RejectsMissingName,RejectsSubMinuteWindow}` | Validation rejections are 4xx. |
+| `budget_handler_test.go::TestSettingsHandler_GetExposesCollectionToggles` | All four toggles + computed `Endpoint`. |
+| `proxy_clone_test.go::TestShallowCloneMapping_PreservesAllFieldsExceptAuthToken` | Future-proofs clone; every field round-trips, `AuthToken` dropped. |
+
+Handler tests use a real sqlite store + real manager + always-allow permissions mock (`handlers_test.go:53-75`). Create/update/delete success paths flow through `accountManager.StoreEvent` which the fixture doesn't wire — covered by manager-level no-mock tests outside this module.
+
+## Known limitations / explicit non-goals
+
+- No pagination on any list endpoint; no bulk endpoints.
+- Synth result is not cached — every snapshot and every per-peer compute repeats the store walk.
+- `getSettings` returning `200 + null` is a deliberate dashboard concession.
+- No rate-limiting beyond the global `/api` rate limiter.
+
+## Cross-references
+
+- Upstream: [shared/api](10-shared-api.md), [management/agentnetwork](21-management-agentnetwork.md), [management/store](20-management-store.md)
+- Downstream: [proxy/runtime](33-proxy-runtime.md)
+- End-to-end flow: [../01-end-to-end-flows.md](../01-end-to-end-flows.md)
+- Top-level: [../00-overview.md](../00-overview.md)
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/30-proxy-middleware-framework.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/30-proxy-middleware-framework.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39322fdce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/30-proxy-middleware-framework.md
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+# proxy/middleware-framework — generic plugin system
+
+> **Risk level:** **High** — every proxied request transits this chain. Budget exhaustion, panic recovery, or chain-close bugs hit the hot path for all targets, not just agent-network ones.
+> **Backward-compat impact:** Additive at the proxy. The `middleware` and `bodytap` packages are new (`proxy/internal/middleware/middleware.go:1`, `proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/request.go:13`); existing proxy targets keep working until a chain is bound to them via `Manager.Rebuild`.
+
+This module is the **framework only** — no LLM/agent-network domain knowledge is required, since every example built into it is generic.
+
+## Module boundary
+
+This module is the **framework only**: slots, chains, registry, dispatcher, accumulator, body-tap, output filters. No middleware *implementation* lives here — those land in `proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/*` (covered in module 31). The package contract is:
+
+1. The proxy hands a `Manager` to its config-apply path. The synth pushes per-path `PathTargetBinding` lists (`proxy/internal/middleware/manager.go:26`) into `Manager.Rebuild`, which resolves each spec via the `Registry`/`Resolver` (`proxy/internal/middleware/registry.go:81-121`) and produces an immutable `Chain` keyed by `serviceID|pathID` (`proxy/internal/middleware/manager.go:410-412`).
+2. The reverse-proxy handler captures the request body via `bodytap.CaptureRequest`, calls `Chain.RunRequest`, applies returned mutations (already filtered by `chain.applyMutations`), forwards to the upstream behind a `bodytap.CapturingResponseWriter`, then calls `Chain.RunResponse` and `Chain.RunTerminal`.
+3. Middlewares are inert plugins that receive a deep-cloned `Input` and return an `Output` whose decision/mutations are clamped by the dispatcher's `filterOutput` (`proxy/internal/middleware/dispatcher.go:149-172`).
+
+Everything that crosses the framework boundary in either direction is value-typed and deep-copied — middlewares cannot mutate the live request directly, and the framework cannot inadvertently leak middleware-owned slices into the request hot path.
+
+## Files
+
+| Path | Role |
+| ---- | ---- |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/middleware.go` | `Middleware` + `Factory` interfaces. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/types.go` | `Slot`, `FailMode`, `Decision`, all limit constants, `Input`/`Output`/`Mutations`/`UpstreamRewrite`/`AuthHeader` value types. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/spec.go` | Apply-time `Spec` (validated wire shape + runtime-injected fields) and `Clone`. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/registry.go` | `Registry` (factory map, RWMutex) and `Resolver` (Spec → bound `Middleware`). |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/manager.go` | `Manager`, `chainTable` reverse index, `Rebuild`/`Invalidate*`, async chain close. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/chain.go` | `Chain.RunRequest`/`RunResponse`/`RunTerminal`, mutation gating, `cloneInputFor`. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/chain_test.go` | Metadata threading, LIFO response order, rewrite gating, UserGroups propagation, terminal accumulation. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/dispatcher.go` | Timeout/panic recovery, fail-mode, error classification, `filterOutput`. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/decision.go` | `RenderDenyResponse`, deny-code regex, status clamp. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/headerpolicy.go` | Compile-in header denylist + `FilterHeaderMutations`. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/bodypolicy.go` | `ValidateBodyReplace` / `ApplyBodyReplace` smuggling guards. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/keys.go` | Metadata key namespace constants. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/metadata.go` | `Accumulator` — allowlist, per-mw/per-request byte caps, redaction. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/metrics.go` | OTel instrument bundle (`proxy.middleware.*`). |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/redaction.go` | `Scan` — PEM/JWT/AWS/bearer/Luhn-validated CC patterns. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/request.go` | Capture + replay reader, `Budget` semaphore, bypass reason codes. |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/response.go` | `CapturingResponseWriter` (tee with `PassthroughWriter` for Flusher/Hijacker preservation). |
+
+## Slot model
+
+Three slots, declared per-middleware exactly once (`proxy/internal/middleware/types.go:27-41`):
+
+- **`SlotOnRequest`** (`Slot=1`) — runs **before** the upstream call, in registration order. May `DecisionDeny`, may emit `Mutations` (header add/remove, body replace, `UpstreamRewrite`) when both `Spec.CanMutate` and `Middleware.MutationsSupported()` are true. May emit metadata. Each middleware in the slot sees metadata that earlier ones in the same slot just emitted (`proxy/internal/middleware/chain.go:144-178`) — this is how the framework gives middlewares an intra-slot side channel without a global bag.
+- **`SlotOnResponse`** (`Slot=2`) — runs **after** the upstream returns, in **reverse** registration order. Cannot deny (clamped in `dispatcher.filterOutput`, `proxy/internal/middleware/dispatcher.go:153-157`). May still mutate response headers in principle, but the current chain only forwards `RewriteUpstream` from on_request, so on_response mutations are observe-only in practice. Threads the same per-slot metadata view as on_request.
+- **`SlotTerminal`** (`Slot=3`) — runs **after** every on_response middleware has emitted, in registration order. Sees the full accumulated bag plus prior terminal emissions (`chain.go:221-245`). Cannot deny, cannot mutate (`dispatcher.go:168-170`). Designed for sinks (access log, metrics push, audit emitter).
+
+Splitting a feature across slots (e.g. "parse on the way out, ship on terminal") is the explicit architectural choice — `types.go:7-15` and `types.go:22-25` make it clear no middleware participates in more than one slot.
+
+## Architecture & flow
+
+### Chain dispatch
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    participant H as proxy HTTP handler
+    participant BT as bodytap.CaptureRequest
+    participant CH as Chain
+    participant DI as Dispatcher
+    participant MW as Middleware (per slot)
+    participant US as Upstream
+    participant CW as CapturingResponseWriter
+
+    H->>BT: CaptureRequest(r, cfg, budget)
+    BT-->>H: body[], truncated, release()
+    H->>CH: RunRequest(ctx, r, Input, Accumulator)
+    loop on_request, registration order
+        CH->>CH: cloneInputFor(in, OnRequest)
+        CH->>DI: Invoke(ctx, spec, mw, call)
+        DI->>MW: mw.Invoke(callCtx, in)
+        MW-->>DI: Output{decision, metadata, mutations?}
+        DI->>DI: filterOutput (clamp deny, gate mutations)
+        DI-->>CH: filtered Output
+        CH->>CH: Accumulator.Emit (allowlist + caps + redact)
+        alt DecisionDeny
+            CH-->>H: denied, merged, rewrite
+        else allow
+            CH->>CH: applyMutations(r, m) and capture rewrite
+        end
+    end
+    CH-->>H: nil, merged, rewrite
+    H->>US: ProxyRequest (with rewrite/mutations applied)
+    US-->>CW: bytes (streamed, tee'd into cap-bounded buf)
+    CW-->>H: passthrough complete
+    H->>CH: RunResponse(ctx, Input{RespBody:CW.Body(),...}, acc)
+    loop on_response, REVERSE order (LIFO)
+        CH->>DI: Invoke (same wrappers)
+    end
+    H->>CH: RunTerminal(ctx, Input{Metadata:full bag}, acc)
+    H->>BT: release() + CW.Release()
+```
+
+### Body-tap mechanics (request + response)
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    subgraph req[Request capture — bodytap.CaptureRequest]
+        R0[r.Body] --> R1{cfg.MaxRequestBytes > 0?\nUpgrade absent?\nContent-Type allowed?\nCL <= cap?}
+        R1 -- no --> R2[bypass = reason\nbody = nil\nr.Body untouched]
+        R1 -- yes --> R3[Budget.Acquire(cap)]
+        R3 -- denied --> R4[bypass=BypassBudget]
+        R3 -- ok --> R5[io.LimitReader(r.Body, cap+1)\nio.ReadAll]
+        R5 --> R6{len > cap?}
+        R6 -- truncated --> R7[viewable = buf[:cap]\nr.Body = replayReadCloser{buf, tail}]
+        R6 -- whole --> R8[r.Body = NopCloser(bytes.Reader(buf))\nclose original]
+        R7 --> R9[(release captured\nbudget on req end)]
+        R8 --> R9
+    end
+
+    subgraph resp[Response capture — CapturingResponseWriter]
+        W0[client] -.-> CW[Write(p)]
+        CW --> P1[PassthroughWriter.Write(p)\n— bytes leave to client first]
+        P1 --> P2{!stopped?}
+        P2 -- yes --> P3{remaining = cap - buf.Len()}
+        P3 --> P4[buf.Write(p[:take])\nset truncated if take<n]
+        P2 -- no --> P5[silent drop into the tee\n(client write already done)]
+    end
+```
+
+The body-tap is the highest-leak-risk surface in this module; three details matter:
+
+1. **Request capture is "read-and-replay", not "read-and-forward".** `CaptureRequest` always swaps `r.Body` for either a `bytes.Reader` (whole body fit) or a `replayReadCloser` that replays the captured prefix then drains the remaining stream from the original body (`bodytap/request.go:178-201`). This means the **upstream still sees the full body even when the tap truncates**. The original `r.Body` is **not** closed in the truncated branch — `replayReadCloser.Close()` only closes the tail (`bodytap/request.go:199-201`), which is the same reader, so close once on request end is correct, but reviewers should confirm the upstream proxy always reads to EOF (otherwise the tail is leaked).
+2. **Response capture is a write-through tee.** `CapturingResponseWriter.Write` forwards to the underlying writer **first** (`bodytap/response.go:116-117`), then tees into `buf` under its own mutex. Client never blocks on the tee. `Flusher`/`Hijacker` are preserved via the embedded `responsewriter.PassthroughWriter`. SSE/chunked streams flow through untouched; middlewares only see the bounded prefix.
+3. **Budget is a single shared semaphore.** `Manager` constructs one `bodytap.Budget` at startup (`manager.go:138-144`, default `256 MiB` from `bodytap/request.go:39`). Every capture pre-acquires its full `MaxRequestBytes` / `MaxResponseBytes` from the budget regardless of actual body size; that prevents a flood of small captures from collectively exceeding the cap, but it also means a misconfigured `MaxRequestBytes = 1 MiB` with 256 concurrent requests already exhausts the default budget. Reviewers should sanity-check the operator-facing defaults that ship with synth-service.
+
+The framework explicitly aborts capture (and increments `proxy.middleware.capture_bypass_total`) before reading the first byte when `Upgrade`/`Connection: upgrade` is set (`bodytap/request.go:120-125`), when the content-type isn't in the allowlist (`bodytap/request.go:126-128`), or when the advertised `Content-Length` already exceeds the cap (`bodytap/request.go:131-133`). This is the right place to make sure WebSocket upgrades and large file uploads never reach the buffer.
+
+## Public contracts
+
+- **`Middleware` interface** (`middleware.go:14-36`): `ID()`, `Version()`, `Slot()`, `AcceptedContentTypes()`, `MetadataKeys()`, `MutationsSupported()`, `Invoke(ctx, *Input) (*Output, error)`, `Close()`. `MetadataKeys()` is the **closed set** the middleware is allowed to emit — the accumulator drops anything outside it (`metadata.go:71-75`). `Close` must be idempotent (called even when `Invoke` was never reached).
+- **`Factory` interface** (`middleware.go:44-47`): `ID()`, `New(rawConfig []byte) (Middleware, error)`. `RawConfig` is opaque JSON bytes on the wire (`spec.go:6-12`); each factory owns its own typed config.
+- **`Decision` type** (`types.go:59-69`): `Allow=0`, `Deny=1`, `Passthrough=2`. Default-zero is permissive — important because every middleware that omits `Decision` gets `Allow`. Dispatcher clamps `Deny` to `Passthrough` outside `SlotOnRequest` (`dispatcher.go:153-157`).
+- **`Mutations`** (`types.go:196-201`): `HeadersAdd`/`HeadersRemove` (filtered through `headerpolicy.go`), `BodyReplace` (gated through `bodypolicy.go`), and `RewriteUpstream`. `RewriteUpstream` is **last-write-wins** within the on_request slot (`chain.go:170-172`, locked down by `TestChain_RunRequest_LatestRewriteWins`).
+- **Metadata propagation keys** (`keys.go`): all keys live in a single file and follow `^[a-z][a-z0-9_-]*(\.[a-z0-9_-]*)+$` (`metadata.go:8`). Framework-injected error tagging uses `mw.<id>.error_kind` (`keys.go:81`) so operators can distinguish framework-emitted entries from middleware-emitted ones.
+
+## Invariants
+
+- **Per-request context isolation.** `cloneInputFor` deep-copies every mutable field (`Headers`, `RespHeaders`, `Metadata`, `Body`, `RespBody`, `UserGroups`, `UserGroupNames`) before each invocation (`chain.go:286-308`). A misbehaving middleware that mutates `in.Headers` only corrupts its own copy.
+- **Body-tap bounded by capture limit.** Request side uses `io.LimitReader(r.Body, limit+1)` (`bodytap/request.go:152`) — the `+1` is how the code detects truncation (`bodytap/request.go:160`); the surfaced buffer is sliced back down to `limit`. Response side stops teeing once `buf.Len() >= cap` (`bodytap/response.go:121-133`). Neither side can grow the buffer past the configured cap.
+- **Headers/body redaction order.** Accumulator runs `Scan(value)` **before** counting cost (`metadata.go:81-82`), so the byte budgets are computed against post-redaction sizes. `Scan` order is PEM → JWT → AWS key → bearer → Luhn-validated CC (`redaction.go:25-51`) — the comment block in `redaction.go:8-13` is explicit that this is best-effort, not DLP.
+- **No middleware can starve the chain.** Every invocation runs inside `context.WithTimeout(ctx, clampTimeout(spec.Timeout))` in a separate goroutine (`dispatcher.go:51-94`), with the deadline race-`select`ed against the result channel. A blocked middleware fires the timeout path, gets fail-mode'd, and `IncError(kind=timeout)`. Timeouts are clamped to `[10ms, 5s]` (`types.go:80-86`, `dispatcher.go:174-185`).
+- **Panic recovery.** `recover()` captures the panic, logs only the type + a 4 KiB stack prefix (no panic value — avoids leaking secrets the middleware was processing), and produces a `panicError` that flows through fail-mode (`dispatcher.go:64-76`).
+- **Chain immutability + atomic swap.** `chainTable` is cloned on every `Rebuild`/`Invalidate*` and swapped via `atomic.Pointer` (`manager.go:44-69`, `manager.go:221-300`). Readers (`ChainFor`) are lock-free; writers serialise on `writeMu`. The retired chain is `Close`-d in a background goroutine bounded by `chainCloseTimeout = 2 * MaxTimeout` (`manager.go:21-22`, `manager.go:326-346`), so in-flight invocations finish on the old chain after the swap.
+
+## Things to scrutinize
+
+### Correctness
+
+- **Chain ordering deterministic from synth output?** `Manager.buildChain` iterates `b.Specs` in slice order and appends to `bound` (`manager.go:366-391`); `NewChain` then partitions by slot but **preserves slice order within each slot** (`chain.go:50-60`). So order on the wire = order observed at runtime. Synth must therefore emit specs in the intended execution order — there is no per-spec `Priority` field. Worth flagging.
+- **Decision short-circuit semantics.** `RunRequest` returns immediately on `DecisionDeny` (`chain.go:164-167`) **with the metadata accumulated so far** plus the `denied.Metadata`. Callers that ignore `merged` on deny will lose framework-injected `mw.<id>.error_kind` entries. The proxy runtime is the only caller; confirm it always feeds `merged` into the access log on the deny path as well.
+- **`UpstreamRewrite` `AuthHeader` bypass** (`types.go:218-235`). The `AuthHeader`/`StripHeaders` fields *intentionally* bypass the header denylist on the basis that the proxy itself rewrites auth. The denylist still blocks middleware-emitted `HeadersAdd: Authorization=...`. This is a delicate carve-out — review the runtime consumer to confirm only the trusted upstream-build path unpacks `AuthHeader`, never the generic `applyMutations` loop.
+- **`replayReadCloser.Close` only closes the tail** (`bodytap/request.go:199-201`). The replay buffer doesn't own a resource, so this is correct, but it conflates "replay finished" with "underlying body closed". If a caller `Close()`s without reading to EOF, the original body is closed but the captured prefix is lost; harmless for the proxy path (upstream always reads to EOF) but worth a doc-comment.
+
+### Security
+
+- **Body-tap memory bounds.** Discussed above — bounded by `MaxBodyCapBytes = 1 MiB` per direction (`types.go:77`) and the shared `Budget` (default 256 MiB). The concerning case is the **deep-copy in `cloneInputFor`** (`chain.go:300-306`): every middleware invocation gets its **own copy** of `Body` and `RespBody`. A chain of N middlewares with a 1 MiB body allocates N MiB of transient bytes per request. With `MaxMiddlewaresPerChain = 16` (`types.go:103`) that's up to 16 MiB extra per in-flight request. Worth pricing into the budget model.
+- **Header redaction completeness.** `denyHeaders` (`headerpolicy.go:5-17`) covers the auth/forwarding family and framing (`Content-Length`, `Transfer-Encoding`, `Trailer`). `denyHeaderPrefixes` covers `X-Authenticated-*`, `X-Forwarded-*`, `X-Remote-*`, `X-NetBird-*`. Notably absent: `Range`, `If-Match`/`If-None-Match` (mutation could cause cache poisoning), `Origin`/`Referer`. Not necessarily wrong, but worth a deliberate decision.
+- **Metadata key collisions across middlewares.** The accumulator has no cross-middleware uniqueness check; two middlewares with the same key in their allowlist can both emit it, and both copies land in `merged` (`metadata.go:51-99`). Downstream consumers must tolerate duplicates. Worth documenting.
+- **Deny rendering.** `RenderDenyResponse` only allows codes matching `^[a-z][a-z0-9._-]{0,63}$` (`decision.go:9`), redacts/truncates message + detail values, caps `Details` at 8 entries (`decision.go:42-50`), clamps status to `[400,499]\{401}` (`decision.go:65-73`). The deny body type is fixed; middlewares cannot inject arbitrary JSON.
+
+### Concurrency
+
+- **Per-request state vs shared state in factories.** Each `Factory.New` is called once per chain build; the returned `Middleware` instance is **shared across all requests** for that chain. `Invoke` must be reentrant. The framework does not enforce this — a buggy middleware that holds per-call state on the struct will silently race. Suggest a `// Invoke must be safe for concurrent use` doc on the interface.
+- **`chainTable` clone-on-write** is correct, but `addChain`/`removeChain` mutate the *cloned* table before the swap (`manager.go:71-108`), and they're called under `writeMu`. Readers only ever see the post-swap pointer. Good.
+- **`Chain.inflight` WaitGroup**. `Run*` does `Add(1)`/`Done()` (`chain.go:142-143`, `chain.go:194-195`, `chain.go:225-226`); `Close` waits on it bounded by ctx (`chain.go:75-85`). One concern: a *new* `RunRequest` can `Add(1)` *after* `Close` started waiting if the caller still holds a stale chain pointer. `WaitGroup` does not panic on this if the count was already > 0 at `Wait` time, but it does panic if `Add` happens after `Wait` returns and another `Wait` runs. `Close` is documented one-shot, so single-`Wait` is fine, but callers must drop the chain reference before calling `Close`. Worth a code comment near `Close`.
+- **Goroutine leaks.** `Dispatcher.Invoke` spawns one goroutine per call and *always* writes to a buffered (cap=1) channel (`dispatcher.go:62-76`), so even if the timeout fires the goroutine completes its send and exits. No leak.
+- **`closeChainsAsync`** detaches retired chains into a goroutine (`manager.go:326-346`). If `Manager` is never GC'd this is fine, but there's no shutdown hook to wait on outstanding closes. Reviewers should confirm the proxy shutdown path explicitly drains in-flight requests before tearing down `Manager`, or accept that the last chain-close round may be cut short on exit.
+
+### Performance
+
+- **Allocations per request.** `cloneInputFor` allocates new slices for `Headers`, `RespHeaders`, `Metadata`, `Body`, `RespBody`, `UserGroups`, `UserGroupNames` — once per middleware per request. For a typical 5-middleware chain on a 1 KiB body that's ~10 small slice allocs plus one `Body` copy each. Not a hot-path crisis, but `sync.Pool` for the per-call `Input` would be a natural follow-up.
+- **Accumulator allocates a fresh `allowSet` per `Emit` call** (`metadata.go:55-58`). One per middleware per slot pass = up to 48 per request. Cheap, but worth noting.
+- **Regex cost.** `Scan` runs five regex passes on every accepted metadata value (`redaction.go:25-51`). Bounded by `MaxMetadataValueBytes = 4 KiB` so worst case is small.
+
+### Observability
+
+- **Per-middleware metrics.** `proxy.middleware.requests_total{middleware,target_id,outcome}` (`metrics.go:34-41`), `duration_ms`, `invocations_total`, `errors_total{kind}`, `metadata_rejected_total{reason}`, `header_mutation_blocked_total{header}`, `capture_bypass_total{reason}`. Comprehensive surface; operators can alert on `errors_total{kind=panic}` and `errors_total{kind=timeout}` separately. **Latency histogram is in milliseconds with default OTel buckets** — for a 10ms–5s timeout range default buckets cover OK, but a custom bucket set centred on 1–500ms would resolve the agent-network response-parser tail better.
+- **Decision logs.** Panic logs (`dispatcher.go:69`) include `request_id`, type, and stack but not the panic value (safe). `Chain.Close` logs middleware-close errors at debug (`chain.go:91`). `applyMutations` logs body-replace rejections at warn (`chain.go:278`). No log on the deny path itself — by design, since the access-log terminal middleware is expected to record outcomes.
+
+## Test coverage
+
+| Test file | Locks down |
+| --------- | ---------- |
+| `proxy/internal/middleware/chain_test.go:77` | `RunRequest` threads metadata across on_request middlewares (regression for the "later mw can't see earlier mw's emissions" bug). |
+| `chain_test.go:110` | `RunResponse` reverse-order threading. |
+| `chain_test.go:142` | `cost_meter`-shaped scenario: response_parser registered after cost_meter still emits *before* cost_meter sees the bag (guards the `cost.skipped=missing_tokens` regression). |
+| `chain_test.go:178` | `UpstreamRewrite` last-write-wins. |
+| `chain_test.go:206` | No middleware emits → nil rewrite. |
+| `chain_test.go:224` | Rewrite filtered when `CanMutate=false`. |
+| `chain_test.go:245` | `Input.UserGroups` propagates verbatim through `cloneInputFor`. |
+| `chain_test.go:304` | Terminal middlewares see the full accumulated bag + prior terminal emissions. |
+
+**Gaps** worth raising with the author:
+- No direct test for `Dispatcher.Invoke` timeout / panic / fail-mode behaviour at the framework level (covered indirectly by built-in tests, but a unit test pinning `errors_total{kind=...}` labels would be cheap insurance).
+- No test for `bodytap.CaptureRequest` truncated replay (the upstream-sees-full-body invariant is exactly the kind of thing a regression would silently break).
+- No test for `Budget` exhaustion behaviour under concurrency.
+- No test for `Manager.InvalidateMiddleware` + `LiveServiceCheck` race (the auth-revocation race the comment at `manager.go:33-38` calls out is the load-bearing reason for `LiveServiceCheck`).
+
+## Known limitations / explicit non-goals
+
+- **No middleware-to-middleware RPC.** Side-channel is metadata only.
+- **No streaming body inspection.** Middlewares see a bounded prefix; SSE / chunked parsing happens against that prefix in the response middleware.
+- **No per-spec priority.** Order is registration order in the spec slice.
+- **No retry / circuit-breaker** on middleware errors. Fail-mode is binary (open/closed) and per-spec.
+- **Mutations cannot rewrite the request URL path or query** — only `RewriteUpstream` can change scheme/host (+ optional path replacement, see `types.go:218-235`).
+- **Redaction is best-effort.** Explicitly documented in `redaction.go:8-13`. Not a DLP solution.
+
+## Cross-references
+
+- Upstream wire shape: [../modules/10-shared-api.md](10-shared-api.md) (Spec/RawConfig encoding from management).
+- Built-in middlewares using this framework: [../modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md).
+- Runtime wiring (where `Manager`, `Chain`, and `bodytap` are consumed by the HTTP handler): [../modules/33-proxy-runtime.md](33-proxy-runtime.md).
+- End-to-end request flow including capture + chain dispatch: [../01-end-to-end-flows.md](../01-end-to-end-flows.md).
+- Top-level architecture: [../00-overview.md](../00-overview.md).
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad56feb77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+# proxy/middleware-builtin — the LLM chain
+
+The registry-mounted middleware set the proxy executes on every agent-network
+LLM request. The two highest-blast-radius areas are the **capture-pointer
+semantics** and the **limit_check ⇒ limit_record** record-once invariant.
+
+Sibling module: [32-proxy-llm-parsers.md](./32-proxy-llm-parsers.md) — the SDK
+adapters + pricing table and cost formula this chain delegates to.
+
+---
+
+## Module boundary
+
+This module is the registry-mounted middleware set the proxy executes on
+every agent-network LLM request. Each sub-package registers itself via
+`init()`
+([builtin.go:32–34](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/builtin.go));
+the proxy server anonymous-imports the set
+([all_test.go:11–19](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/all_test.go))
+so the registry is populated at boot. The chain is wired by the management
+synthesiser and executed by the framework
+(`proxy/internal/middleware/{chain,dispatcher,accumulator}.go` — both out
+of scope). Everything here reads from / writes to one envelope: the
+`middleware.KV` metadata bag plus `middleware.Mutations` for header/body
+rewrites.
+
+## The 8 middlewares
+
+| Name | Slot | Inputs (metadata read) | Outputs (metadata written) | Side effects |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `llm_request_parser` | OnRequest | `Input.{URL,Body,BodyTruncated}` | `llm.{provider,model,stream,request_prompt_raw,capture_truncated}` | none |
+| `llm_router` | OnRequest | `llm.model`, `Input.{URL,UserGroups}` | `llm.{resolved_provider_id,authorising_groups}`, `llm_policy.{decision,reason}` | upstream rewrite + auth strip/inject |
+| `llm_limit_check` | OnRequest | `llm.{resolved_provider_id,model}`, `Input.{AccountID,UserID,UserGroups}` | `llm.{selected_policy_id,attribution_group_id,attribution_window_seconds}`, `llm_policy.{decision,reason}` | gRPC `CheckLLMPolicyLimits` |
+| `llm_identity_inject` | OnRequest | `llm.{resolved_provider_id,authorising_groups}`, `Input.{UserEmail,UserID,UserGroups,UserGroupNames}` | none | header strip/inject + optional body rewrite |
+| `llm_guardrail` | OnRequest | `llm.{model,request_prompt_raw}` | `llm_policy.{decision,reason}`, `llm.request_prompt` | none (model allowlist deny) |
+| `llm_response_parser` | OnResponse | `llm.provider`, `Input.{RespHeaders,RespBody,Status}` | `llm.{input,output,total,cached_input,cache_creation}_tokens`, `llm.response_completion` | none |
+| `cost_meter` | OnResponse | `llm.{provider,model,resolved_provider_id}`, token buckets | `cost.usd_{input,cached_input,cache_creation,output,total,cache}` or `cost.skipped` | none (in-memory pricing lookup) |
+| `llm_limit_record` | OnResponse | `llm.{attribution_group_id,attribution_window_seconds,input_tokens,output_tokens}`, `cost.usd_total` | none | gRPC `RecordLLMUsage` |
+
+[all_test.go:26–40](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/all_test.go)
+locks the ID set; adding or removing one is a conscious extension.
+
+## Files
+
+| File | LOC | Notes |
+|---|---:|---|
+| `builtin.go` | 90 | Registry + `FactoryContext` (ctx, meter, logger, mgmt client) |
+| `all_test.go` | 41 | Locks the 8-ID registry surface |
+| `agentnetwork_chain_integration_test.go` | 319 | Live sqlite + real gRPC bufconn; gate→recorder wire path |
+| `llm_request_parser/*` | 162 / 66 / 356 | Provider detection, body parse, prompt extraction with capture-pointer gating |
+| `llm_router/*` | 385 / 84 / 586 | Three-pass route selection (model → groups → path-prefix) |
+| `llm_limit_check/*` | 196 / 38 / 182 | Pre-flight `CheckLLMPolicyLimits` (2s, fail-open) |
+| `llm_identity_inject/*` | 440 / 108 / 666 | HeaderPair (LiteLLM) + JSONMetadata (Portkey) + ExtraHeaders |
+| `llm_guardrail/*` | 176 / 82 / 75 / 219 / 217 | Model allowlist + optional prompt capture with PII redaction |
+| `llm_response_parser/*` | 258 / 222 / 43 / 433 / 169 / 111 | Buffered + SSE accumulation; AWS event-stream accumulator (`streaming_bedrock.go`) for Bedrock; capture-pointer gates completion emit |
+| `cost_meter/*` | 236 / 98 / 586 | Token → USD via `proxy/internal/llm/pricing`; both pricing tiers arrive in the middleware config |
+| `llm_limit_record/*` | 144 / 35 / 191 | Post-flight `RecordLLMUsage` (5s, debug-on-error) |
+
+## Per-middleware
+
+### llm_request_parser
+
+Detects the LLM provider via `llm.DetectParser` (URL sniff) or by name via
+`llm.ParserByName` when synthesiser stamps `provider_id`
+([middleware.go:96–99](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware.go)).
+**Path-routed providers short-circuit first:** `parseVertexPath` and
+`parseBedrockPath` ([middleware.go:85–94](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware.go))
+pull the model + vendor out of the URL before parser selection runs — Vertex
+from `/v1/projects/.../publishers/{pub}/models/{model}:{action}` (publisher →
+vendor via `vertexPublisherVendor`), Bedrock from `/model/{id}/{action}` with
+`normalizeBedrockModel` stripping the region prefix + version suffix. See
+[50-path-routed-providers.md](./50-path-routed-providers.md) for the full path
+grammar. For body-routed providers it decodes the body into `RequestFacts`
+(model + stream) and extracts the prompt. On
+`capture_prompt=true` (or absent — see capture-pointer semantics below) the
+prompt is run through `llm_guardrail.RedactPII` when `redact_pii=true` and
+truncated rune-safely to 3500 bytes
+([middleware.go:109–122](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware.go)).
+**Key invariant:** redaction is parser-side, not guardrail-side — access-log
+reads `llm.request_prompt_raw` directly.
+
+### llm_router
+
+Three-pass route selection in `matchRoute`
+([middleware.go:241–300](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go)):
+filter by `Models` claim → vendor-pin (a vendor-tagged request never crosses to
+another vendor's route) → filter by `AllowedGroupIDs` intersection → model
+precedence over path → tie-break by longest `UpstreamPath` prefix match.
+Model-miss returns `llm_policy.model_not_routable`; known-but-unauthorised
+returns `llm_policy.no_authorised_provider`. **Key invariant:** auth-header
+strip+inject rides on `UpstreamRewrite.{StripHeaders,AuthHeader}`
+([middleware.go:606–646](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go))
+— NOT `HeadersAdd/HeadersRemove` — because the framework's mutation gate
+blocks `Authorization` on the generic header path.
+
+**Path-routed providers route before the model table.** `Invoke` checks
+`isVertexPath` / `isBedrockPath`
+([middleware.go:138–216](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go))
+ahead of the model lookup, so a path-carried model can't be claimed by a
+same-vendor body-routed provider. `matchPathRoute` enforces the route's `Models`
+allowlist (empty = catch-all) even though the model came from the URL.
+Two path-only behaviours:
+- **Vertex unmeterable publisher** — when `llm_request_parser` emits no
+  `llm.provider` (e.g. Gemini/`google`), the router denies with
+  `llm_policy.unmeterable_publisher` (403) rather than forward it uncounted.
+- **GCP token minting** — when the route carries `GCPServiceAccountKeyB64`
+  (set from a `keyfile::` api_key), `gcpBearer` mints + caches a short-lived
+  OAuth2 token per request instead of injecting a static value; a bad key or
+  unreachable token endpoint denies with `llm_policy.upstream_auth_failed`
+  (502). Bedrock uses its static bearer token directly (no minting).
+- **`/bedrock` prefix** — an optional `/bedrock` gateway-namespace prefix is
+  accepted and stripped via `RewriteUpstream.StripPathPrefix` so the native
+  `/model/...` path reaches the upstream.
+
+Full treatment in [50-path-routed-providers.md](./50-path-routed-providers.md).
+
+### llm_limit_check
+
+Pre-flight gate. Reads `llm.resolved_provider_id`, calls
+`CheckLLMPolicyLimits` with a 2s context timeout
+([middleware.go:24, 97–106](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/middleware.go)),
+on allow stamps `llm.selected_policy_id`, `llm.attribution_group_id`,
+`llm.attribution_window_seconds`. **Key invariant:** fail-open. Nil
+`MgmtClient`, empty provider id, or RPC error returns `allowNoAttribution()`
+— management outage doesn't take down every LLM request. Operators audit via
+the access-log; a future flag may switch this to fail-closed.
+
+### llm_identity_inject
+
+Dispatches per-rule between LiteLLM-shaped `HeaderPair`
+([middleware.go:169](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/middleware.go))
+and Portkey-shaped `JSONMetadata`
+([middleware.go:292](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/middleware.go)).
+Identity is the peer's email (or `UserID` fallback); tags are the
+**authorising-groups intersection** emitted by `llm_router`, not the full
+`UserGroups` — a peer in 5 groups authorised under 1 only tags as that 1.
+**Anti-spoof:** every `HeadersAdd` is preceded by a `HeadersRemove` of the
+same name; the framework runs `Remove` before `Add` so client-supplied
+identity never reaches the upstream. Body-level inject (`tags_in_body`,
+`end_user_id_in_body`) is skipped on empty / truncated / non-JSON bodies so
+header attribution stays intact.
+
+### llm_guardrail
+
+Model allowlist deny + optional prompt-capture-with-redaction. Allowlist
+match is case-insensitive via `normaliseModel`; empty allowlist disables the
+check. Prompt capture reads `llm.request_prompt_raw` and emits
+`llm.request_prompt` only when `prompt_capture.enabled`
+([middleware.go:149–165](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/middleware.go)).
+**Key invariant:** `RedactPII` is the exported function the parsers call —
+single PII contract across all three keys.
+
+### llm_response_parser
+
+Buffered and SSE paths share one `Invoke`
+([middleware.go:102–127](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/middleware.go)):
+content-type sniffing dispatches to `invokeBuffered` (JSON, status<400) or
+`invokeStreaming` (text/event-stream, partial bodies tolerated). Streaming
+delegates to `accumulateStream`
+([streaming.go:21–30](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming.go))
+using `llm.NewScanner`. A third path, `accumulateBedrockStream`
+([streaming_bedrock.go](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_bedrock.go)),
+decodes the AWS binary event-stream (`application/vnd.amazon.eventstream`)
+returned by Bedrock's `-stream` actions — InvokeModel `chunk` frames wrap a
+base64 Anthropic event, Converse frames carry text + a trailing usage block.
+Cached / cache-creation buckets emit only when non-zero, preserving the existing
+token schema.
+
+### cost_meter
+
+Reads `llm.provider` + `llm.model` + token buckets, looks up the per-1k rates,
+and emits the full `cost.usd_*` breakdown (four per-bucket values plus the
+`_total` and `_cache` aggregates) or a closed-set `cost.skipped` reason
+(`missing_provider/model/tokens`, `unparseable_tokens`, `zero_tokens`,
+`unknown_model`).
+
+**Management owns pricing.** The proxy carries no embedded price list: the whole
+table arrives in this middleware's `ConfigJSON` as
+`{pricing: {defaults, providers}}`, synthesized by management from the catalog
+plus the operator's stored per-provider prices
+([factory.go:13–34](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/factory.go)).
+Both tiers are validated by `pricing.NewTable` / `pricing.NewEntries` at
+construction, so a non-finite or negative rate fails the chain build. A price
+change is an ordinary mapping push — the chain rebuild yields a fresh instance
+over a fresh immutable table, so there is no data dir, no pricing file, no
+reload goroutine, and nothing to invalidate.
+
+**Two-tier lookup**
+([middleware.go:165–183](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/middleware.go)):
+
+1. **Per-provider-record** — the operator's stored price for the route that
+   actually served the request, keyed by the `llm.resolved_provider_id` that
+   `llm_router` stamped on the allow path, then by normalized model id. Entries
+   arrive fully materialized (management folds default cache rates in at synth
+   time), so there is no merging here. Absent metadata — no router in the chain
+   — skips this tier.
+2. **Surface defaults** — the catalog-derived table keyed by `llm.provider`
+   (`openai`/`anthropic`/`bedrock`). This is also what prices gateway-style
+   providers, which enumerate no models and therefore get no per-record entry.
+
+**Backward compatibility:** a config with no `pricing` block means management
+predates config-delivered pricing. The factory logs one warning at build time
+and the instance records `cost.skipped=unknown_model` ($0) for every request
+rather than falling back to a stale built-in price list
+([factory.go:55–60](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/factory.go)).
+
+**Key invariant:** the provider-shape switch lives in `pricing.EntryCosts`
+(sibling doc) and is selected by the **surface**, not by which tier the entry
+came from — `cost_meter` stays provider-agnostic, and a per-record override on
+an Anthropic route still bills its cache buckets additively.
+
+### llm_limit_record
+
+Post-flight write. Always returns `DecisionAllow`; response has already been
+served so RPC errors mustn't surface (logged at `Debugf`). Skip-on-no-signal
+at line 81 (zero tokens + zero cost). **Key invariant:** the
+skip-on-missing-attribution guard at line 98 is a safety net independent of
+the framework's deny short-circuit — if the gate denied and the framework
+still runs the recorder, the recorder skips on absent
+`UserID`+`groupID`+`UserGroups` and no phantom counter materialises.
+
+## Full-chain diagram (canonical order)
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[HTTP request] --> B[llm_request_parser<br/>OnRequest]
+    B -->|llm.provider, llm.model,<br/>llm.stream, llm.request_prompt_raw| C[llm_router<br/>OnRequest]
+    C -->|llm.resolved_provider_id,<br/>llm.authorising_groups,<br/>upstream rewrite + auth| D[llm_limit_check<br/>OnRequest]
+    D -->|deny path| Z1[403 llm_policy.*]
+    D -->|allow + llm.selected_policy_id,<br/>llm.attribution_group_id,<br/>llm.attribution_window_seconds| E[llm_identity_inject<br/>OnRequest]
+    E -->|header strip+inject<br/>+ optional body rewrite| F[llm_guardrail<br/>OnRequest]
+    F -->|deny: model_blocked| Z2[403 llm_policy.model_blocked]
+    F -->|allow + llm.request_prompt| G[upstream LLM call]
+    G --> H[llm_response_parser<br/>OnResponse]
+    H -->|llm.{input,output,total,cached_input,cache_creation}_tokens,<br/>llm.response_completion| I[cost_meter<br/>OnResponse]
+    I -->|cost.usd_total or cost.skipped| J[llm_limit_record<br/>OnResponse]
+    J --> K[response to client]
+```
+
+## limit_check ⇒ limit_record record-once invariant
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant LC as llm_limit_check
+    participant M as management gRPC
+    participant U as upstream LLM
+    participant LR as llm_limit_record
+    participant DB as sqlite consumption table
+
+    LC->>M: CheckLLMPolicyLimits (2s)
+    alt allow
+        M-->>LC: selected_policy_id, attribution_group_id, window_s
+        LC->>U: stamps attribution metadata
+        U-->>LR: response + tokens (via llm_response_parser + cost_meter)
+        LR->>M: RecordLLMUsage (5s, debug-on-error)
+        M->>DB: increment (user, group, window) row
+    else deny
+        M-->>LC: llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded
+        Note over LR: framework short-circuits; even if invoked,<br/>recorder skips on absent UserID+groupID+UserGroups
+    else mgmt nil / rpc error
+        LC-->>LC: allowNoAttribution() — fail open
+        Note over LR: no window_s ⇒ recorder books only account-level<br/>budget rules (which run independently)
+    end
+```
+
+The integration test
+[agentnetwork_chain_integration_test.go](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/agentnetwork_chain_integration_test.go)
+exercises all three branches against a real sqlite store + bufconn gRPC —
+no mocks. Tests: `TestChain_AllowPath_StampsAttributionAndRecordsCounter`
+(line 130), `TestChain_DenyPath_GateRejectsAndNoConsumptionWritten` (line
+207), `TestChain_CapExhaustTransition` (line 265).
+
+## Public contracts (per-middleware JSON config)
+
+| Middleware | Config shape |
+|---|---|
+| `llm_request_parser` | `{provider_id?, redact_pii?, capture_prompt?: *bool}` ([factory.go:19–37](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/factory.go)) |
+| `llm_router` | `{providers: [{id, models, upstream_scheme, upstream_host, upstream_path?, auth_header_name, auth_header_value, allowed_group_ids}]}` |
+| `llm_limit_check` | `{}` — pulls `MgmtClient` from `FactoryContext` |
+| `llm_identity_inject` | `{providers: [{provider_id, header_pair?|json_metadata?, extra_headers?}]}` |
+| `llm_guardrail` | `{provider_allowlists: {providerID: []string}, prompt_capture: {enabled, redact_pii}}` — allowlist keyed by resolved provider id; a provider absent from the map is unrestricted (fail-closed backstop; authoritative per-policy/group check is management's `CheckLLMPolicyLimits`) |
+| `llm_response_parser` | `{redact_pii?, capture_completion?: *bool}` |
+| `cost_meter` | `{pricing: {defaults: {surface: {model: rates}}, providers: {providerRecordID: {model: rates}}}}` — rates are `{input_per_1k, output_per_1k, cached_input_per_1k?, cache_read_per_1k?, cache_creation_per_1k?}`. A missing `pricing` key means "management predates config-delivered pricing": every request records `cost.skipped=unknown_model` |
+| `llm_limit_record` | `{}` — same pattern as `llm_limit_check` |
+
+All factories accept empty / null / `{}` / whitespace as zero-value config;
+only structurally invalid JSON is rejected so misconfig surfaces at chain
+build time. `cost_meter` adds a semantic check on top of that: a `pricing`
+block carrying a negative or non-finite rate fails the build too, rather than
+mispricing live traffic.
+
+## Invariants
+
+1. **limit_check ↔ limit_record paired.** They MUST appear together. Gate
+   stamps attribution metadata on the request leg; recorder reads it on the
+   response leg. If a chain contains only the recorder, the
+   skip-on-missing-attribution guard at
+   [llm_limit_record/middleware.go:81–87, 98–103](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/middleware.go)
+   keeps counters consistent but no enforcement runs. Only-gate means
+   counters never tick and headroom appears infinite.
+
+2. **`capture_prompt` / `capture_completion` pointer semantics.** Both are
+   `*bool`. `nil` = "preserve legacy emit" (back-compat default for
+   non-agent-network callers and pre-toggle tests). `false` = suppress the
+   key entirely (access-log row carries zero prompt / completion content).
+   `true` = emit. The synthesiser sets the pointer explicitly to the
+   account's `EnablePromptCollection` toggle. The handling lives
+   in [llm_request_parser/factory.go:55–61](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/factory.go)
+   and the symmetric [llm_response_parser/middleware.go:62–68](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/middleware.go);
+   a missing pointer must not be treated as `false` (that would suppress
+   capture for legacy non-agent-network callers).
+   `redact_pii` is an orthogonal `bool` controlling **form** of emitted
+   content, not whether it's emitted.
+
+3. **`redact_pii` is parser-side.** Both parsers import
+   `llm_guardrail.RedactPII` and run it BEFORE stamping the metadata bag.
+   Load-bearing because the access-log sink reads `llm.request_prompt_raw`
+   and `llm.response_completion` directly — by the time `llm_guardrail`
+   runs its own pass on `llm.request_prompt`, the raw key has already been
+   stamped. Tests: `TestInvoke_RedactPii_RedactsBeforeEmittingRawPrompt`,
+   `TestInvoke_RedactPii_RedactsCompletionBeforeEmit`.
+
+4. **Metadata allowlist enforcement.** Every middleware declares
+   `MetadataKeys()`. The framework accumulator drops any KV outside that
+   allowlist. When adding a new key, also extend the docstring in
+   `middleware/keys.go`.
+
+5. **Closed deny-code set.** All deny paths emit one of:
+   `llm_policy.model_not_routable`, `llm_policy.no_authorised_provider`,
+   `llm_policy.model_blocked`, `llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded`,
+   `llm_policy.unmeterable_publisher` (path-routed Vertex publisher with no
+   parser → 403), `llm_policy.upstream_auth_failed` (GCP token mint failure →
+   502), or the management-supplied code on `llm_limit_check`. These surface
+   verbatim; arbitrary middleware text never reaches the wire.
+
+## Things to scrutinise
+
+**Correctness.** `llm_router` model match treats an empty `Models` slice as
+"claim every model"
+([middleware.go:238–248](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go))
+for gateway-style providers — confirm no real provider record ships with an
+empty `Models` by accident. Path-prefix tie-break falls back to declaration
+order when no candidate prefix-matches, so the synthesiser must emit a
+deterministic order. `llm_limit_record` discards `strconv.ParseInt` errors
+([middleware.go:78–80](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/middleware.go))
+— relies on `llm_response_parser` always emitting parseable values; spot-check
+the streaming partial path on truncated bodies.
+
+**Security.** Auth headers must NEVER appear on `Mutations.HeadersAdd/Remove`
+for the router — a direct headers path would bypass the framework gate. The
+capture-pointer handling is the kind of place a bug ships PII to logs
+silently; every synthesiser config path must set the pointer explicitly.
+`llm_identity_inject` body inject silently skips on a
+non-object `metadata` field
+([middleware.go:262–270](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/middleware.go))
+— header path still attributes, but body-level tag-budget enforcement
+doesn't run for that request.
+
+**Concurrency.** `cost_meter`'s two pricing tables are built once from the
+middleware config and never mutated, so the lookup path needs no lock or atomic
+swap — a price change replaces the whole instance. Every middleware is
+otherwise a stateless value receiver. Integration test uses real bufconn gRPC —
+race detector is the meaningful bar.
+
+**Perf.** Hot path is `lookupKV` linear scan over <10 KVs; `cost_meter.Cost`
+is O(1); SSE accumulation is single-pass. No map allocation per call.
+
+**Observability.** Every deny stamps `llm_policy.decision=deny` and a
+matching `llm_policy.reason` — access-log can pivot on either.
+`llm_limit_record` only logs at `Debugf` on RPC failure
+([middleware.go:125–130](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/middleware.go));
+operators need an alternate signal (metric on `RecordLLMUsage` failures) for
+counter accuracy.
+
+## Test coverage
+
+| File | Tests | Notes |
+|---|---:|---|
+| `all_test.go` | 1 | Registry surface lock |
+| `agentnetwork_chain_integration_test.go` | 3 | Allow/deny/cap-exhaust vs live sqlite + bufconn gRPC |
+| `llm_request_parser/middleware_test.go` | 18 | `provider_id` bypass, redaction, capture-pointer, rune-safe truncation |
+| `llm_router/middleware_test.go` | 19 | Three-pass match, deny codes, path-prefix tie-break, header strip+inject |
+| `llm_limit_check/middleware_test.go` | 6 | Allow/deny, fail-open on nil mgmt / RPC error, attribution stamping |
+| `llm_identity_inject/middleware_test.go` | 28 | HeaderPair, JSONMetadata, ExtraHeaders, body inject, anti-spoof |
+| `llm_guardrail/middleware_test.go` | 15 | Allowlist case-insensitivity, prompt capture toggle, deny shape |
+| `llm_guardrail/redact_test.go` | 15 | Email, SSN, phone (E.164 + NA), bearer, IPv4; fixture-driven |
+| `llm_response_parser/middleware_test.go` | 18 | Buffered OAI+Anthro, capture-pointer, redact, truncation |
+| `llm_response_parser/streaming_test.go` | 7 | OAI usage frame, Anthro message_delta, truncated body best-effort |
+| `cost_meter/middleware_test.go` | 22 | Each skip reason, provider-shape formulas, config-delivered defaults, per-record-beats-defaults + miss-falls-back, per-record uses surface formula, nil-pricing skips everything, invalid-rate rejection |
+| `llm_limit_record/middleware_test.go` | 7 | Skip-on-no-signal, skip-on-missing-attribution, RPC failure swallowed |
+
+## Cross-references
+
+- Sibling: [32-proxy-llm-parsers.md](./32-proxy-llm-parsers.md) — SDK adapters
+  + SSE framer + pricing table and cost formula.
+- Path-routed providers (Vertex AI + Bedrock), `keyfile::` credential, GCP
+  token minting, `/bedrock` prefix:
+  [50-path-routed-providers.md](./50-path-routed-providers.md).
+- Upstream config: `management/server/agentnetwork/synthesizer` (out of scope).
+- Framework: `proxy/internal/middleware/{chain,dispatcher,accumulator,registry}.go`.
+- Metadata key registry: `proxy/internal/middleware/keys.go`.
+- gRPC surface: `proto.ProxyServiceClient.{CheckLLMPolicyLimits,RecordLLMUsage}`.
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/32-proxy-llm-parsers.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/32-proxy-llm-parsers.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52faeaac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/32-proxy-llm-parsers.md
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+# proxy/llm-parsers — SDK adapters + pricing + SSE
+
+The runtime-agnostic LLM library: the OpenAI Responses API (`/v1/responses`)
+and the older Chat Completions API (`/v1/chat/completions`), the Anthropic
+Messages API (`/v1/messages`), the SSE wire format (`event:` / `data:` lines,
+`\n\n` framing, CRLF tolerance), and per-provider token accounting (OpenAI's
+cached-prompt **subset** vs Anthropic's cache_read **additive** model). The
+pricing table's per-provider cost formula is the highest-leverage place a
+small bug would silently mis-bill operators.
+
+Sibling module: [31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](./31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md)
+— the 8 middlewares that consume this package's parsers + pricing table.
+
+---
+
+## Module boundary
+
+`proxy/internal/llm` is the runtime-agnostic LLM library shared by every
+middleware that needs to understand provider-specific shapes. Zero
+proxy-framework dependencies:
+
+- `parser.go` — `Parser` interface, `Provider` enum, public factories
+  (`Parsers`, `DetectParser`, `ParserByName`).
+- `openai.go` / `anthropic.go` / `bedrock.go` — per-provider `Parser` impls.
+- `sse.go` — SSE scanner (`Scanner`, `Event`, `NewScanner`).
+- `errors.go` — sentinels callers branch on with `errors.Is`.
+- `pricing/` — immutable pricing table + the per-surface cost formula. The
+  rates themselves come from management inside `cost_meter`'s middleware
+  config; this package holds no price list and reads no files.
+- `fixtures/` — captured request/response/stream bodies the tests replay.
+
+The package carries zero proxy-framework dependencies so the same parsers can
+be reused later by a WASM adapter
+([parser.go:1–6](../../../proxy/internal/llm/parser.go)).
+
+## Files
+
+| File | LOC | Notes |
+|---|---:|---|
+| `parser.go` | 104 | Interface + factories + `Provider{Unknown,OpenAI,Anthropic}` enum |
+| `openai.go` | 347 | Chat Completions + Completions + Responses API; cached_tokens subset |
+| `openai_test.go` | 222 | 11 tests; fixture replay + cached/Responses-API matrix |
+| `anthropic.go` | 172 | Messages + legacy `/v1/complete`; cache_read + cache_creation additive |
+| `anthropic_test.go` | 154 | 7 tests including streaming-extraction-skipped contract |
+| `bedrock.go` | 190 | AWS Bedrock InvokeModel (snake_case) + Converse (camelCase) response shapes; model lives in URL path |
+| `bedrock_test.go` | — | InvokeModel + Converse usage shapes; AWS event-stream content-type → `ErrStreamingUnsupported` on buffered `ParseResponse` |
+| `sse.go` | 117 | `bufio`-backed scanner; CRLF normalised; trailing-event handling |
+| `sse_test.go` | 175 | 12 tests; fixture replay + multiline + size limits |
+| `parser_test.go` | 53 | `Parsers()`, `DetectParser`, provider enum values |
+| `errors.go` | 31 | 6 sentinels: `Err{Unknown,Unsupported}Provider/Model`, `Err{NotLLM,Malformed}Response`, `ErrStreamingUnsupported`, `ErrMalformedRequest` |
+| `pricing/pricing.go` | 234 | `Table`, `Entry`, `EntryJSON`, `Costs`; `NewTable`/`NewEntries` validation + `EntryCosts` formula. No I/O, no reload, no embedded rates |
+| `pricing/pricing_test.go` | 177 | 10 tests — provider-shape formulas, cached clamp, rate fallback, nil-safety, rate validation |
+| `fixtures/*` | 21–59 | OAI chat/responses/stream + Anthro messages/stream |
+
+## Request body → parser dispatch
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[HTTP request<br/>URL + JSON body] --> B{ParserByName?<br/>provider_id config set}
+    B -- yes --> P[matched Parser]
+    B -- no --> C[DetectParser]
+    C --> D{loop Parsers<br/>OpenAIParser, AnthropicParser}
+    D -- DetectFromURL match --> P
+    D -- no match --> X[ok=false<br/>middleware skips]
+    P --> E[ParseRequest body]
+    E -->|err: ErrMalformedRequest| Y[middleware emits provider only]
+    E --> F[RequestFacts<br/>model + stream]
+    P --> G[ExtractPrompt body]
+    G --> H[joinMessages<br/>extractContentParts<br/>decodeStringOrJoin]
+    H --> I[prompt text<br/>or empty]
+    F --> J[stamps llm.model + llm.stream]
+    I --> K[stamps llm.request_prompt_raw<br/>subject to capture_prompt gate]
+```
+
+OpenAI's URL hints
+([openai.go:27–33](../../../proxy/internal/llm/openai.go)) include
+both `/v1/chat/completions` and the bare `/chat/completions` — the latter
+covers Cloudflare AI Gateway, which rewrites the canonical version segment.
+Anthropic's hints are `/v1/messages` and `/v1/complete`
+([anthropic.go:14–17](../../../proxy/internal/llm/anthropic.go)).
+Both implementations use case-insensitive substring matching so a proxy prefix
+strip / rewrite doesn't defeat detection.
+
+`ParserByName` ([parser.go:93–103](../../../proxy/internal/llm/parser.go))
+is the **agent-network bypass**: the synthesiser knows which parser to use
+because it built the synth service from the catalog, so it stamps
+`provider_id` on the parser config and the middleware skips URL sniffing
+entirely. This is what makes the same parser set work whether the request
+flows to OpenAI direct, to LiteLLM, to Portkey, or to any gateway with a
+non-canonical URL shape.
+
+**Path-routed providers (Vertex AI, Bedrock) bypass both `ParserByName` and
+`DetectParser`.** The model and the parser surface live in the URL path, so the
+request middleware extracts them directly (`parseVertexPath` /
+`parseBedrockPath`) before the parser-selection step. For Vertex the publisher
+segment picks the parser (`anthropic` → Anthropic parser; `google`/Gemini →
+none, request denied as unmeterable). For Bedrock the dedicated `BedrockParser`
+handles the response. Full treatment in
+[50-path-routed-providers.md](./50-path-routed-providers.md).
+
+## Streaming response → SSE chunker → response parser → completion + token count
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant U as upstream LLM
+    participant LR as llm_response_parser<br/>(OnResponse)
+    participant S as llm.NewScanner<br/>(SSE framer)
+    participant P as Parser-specific accumulator<br/>(accumulateOpenAIStream<br/>or accumulateAnthropicStream)
+
+    U-->>LR: text/event-stream<br/>(buffered prefix in RespBody)
+    LR->>S: NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(body))
+    loop until EOF or [DONE]
+        S-->>LR: Event{Type, Data}
+        LR->>P: dispatch per event.Type<br/>(OpenAI: data-only<br/>Anthropic: named events)
+        P-->>P: accumulate completion text<br/>track usage from final frame
+    end
+    P-->>LR: llm.Usage + completion string
+    LR->>LR: appendUsage stamps<br/>llm.{input,output,total,cached_input,cache_creation}_tokens
+    LR->>LR: truncateCompletion(3500 bytes, rune-safe)
+    LR->>LR: redactPII if redact_pii && captureCompletion
+```
+
+`Scanner.Next`
+([sse.go:44–87](../../../proxy/internal/llm/sse.go)) returns one
+event per `\n\n` boundary; multiple `data:` lines join with `\n`; comment lines
+(starting with `:`) are skipped per the SSE spec; a trailing event without a
+closing blank line is still returned before `io.EOF` so a server that closes
+the connection cleanly doesn't lose the last frame
+([sse.go:55–58](../../../proxy/internal/llm/sse.go)). CRLF is
+normalised in `trimEOL` so fixtures captured from live servers replay
+unchanged.
+
+## Per-provider
+
+### OpenAI
+
+[openai.go:54–67](../../../proxy/internal/llm/openai.go) defines
+`openAIRequest` with three prompt fields: `messages` (Chat Completions),
+`prompt` (legacy), `input` (Responses API). The decoder uses
+`json.RawMessage` so each shape is parsed lazily.
+
+`ParseResponse`
+([openai.go:117–146](../../../proxy/internal/llm/openai.go))
+accepts both naming conventions: Chat Completions returns
+`prompt_tokens`/`completion_tokens`, Responses API returns
+`input_tokens`/`output_tokens`. `pickInt64` prefers Responses-API names and
+falls back — same parser handles both endpoints without per-route config.
+`openAICachedTokens` mirrors the fallback for
+`input_tokens_details.cached_tokens` vs `prompt_tokens_details.cached_tokens`.
+
+**Key invariant:** `CachedInputTokens` for OpenAI is a SUBSET of
+`InputTokens`. The cost meter clamps to guard against malformed upstream
+responses where `cached > total`.
+
+### Anthropic
+
+[anthropic.go:37–49](../../../proxy/internal/llm/anthropic.go)
+defines `anthropicRequest` covering Messages API (`system` + `messages[]`)
+and legacy `/v1/complete` (`prompt` string). `ExtractPrompt` emits
+`system: <text>` first when present, then per-message `role: content`.
+
+`ParseResponse`
+([anthropic.go:82–104](../../../proxy/internal/llm/anthropic.go))
+fills three independent token buckets: `InputTokens`, `CacheReadInputTokens`,
+`CacheCreationInputTokens`. Latter two are **additive** (not subset).
+`TotalTokens` sums all four so downstream dashboards render one "tokens"
+number without double-counting.
+
+`ExtractCompletion` walks `content[]` `{type, text}` parts and concatenates
+non-empty text with newlines, falling back to legacy `completion`.
+
+### Bedrock
+
+[bedrock.go](../../../proxy/internal/llm/bedrock.go) implements the
+`Parser` interface for the AWS Bedrock runtime. Bedrock is **path-routed**: the
+model lives in the URL (`/model/{id}/{action}`), so the request middleware
+extracts it (see [50-path-routed-providers.md](./50-path-routed-providers.md))
+and `ParseRequest` is a deliberate no-op. The parser's real work is on the
+response leg, covering both Bedrock body shapes:
+
+- **InvokeModel** — vendor-native. Anthropic-on-Bedrock returns snake_case usage
+  (`input_tokens`, `output_tokens`, `cache_read_input_tokens`,
+  `cache_creation_input_tokens`) with the same additive cache buckets as
+  first-party Anthropic.
+- **Converse** — unified camelCase (`inputTokens`, `outputTokens`,
+  `totalTokens`). `firstNonZero` folds the two naming conventions into one
+  `Usage`; when Converse omits `totalTokens` the parser sums the buckets.
+
+`ProviderName()` returns `"bedrock"` — its own pricing surface in the table
+management ships, keyed by the **normalised** model id (region prefix + version
+suffix stripped by the request parser; management normalises its keys the same
+way at synth time so the two compare equal). `ParseResponse` returns
+`ErrStreamingUnsupported` for an
+AWS binary event-stream content-type (`application/vnd.amazon.eventstream`,
+`isAWSEventStream`) so the caller routes to the streaming accumulator instead.
+
+### SSE framing
+
+`Scanner` is `bufio`-backed, 64 KiB read buffer, 1 MiB max line so a
+malicious upstream can't blow process memory
+([sse.go:33–38, 97–100](../../../proxy/internal/llm/sse.go)).
+`splitField` strips one space after the `:` per the SSE spec. Documented
+`not safe for concurrent use`; every consumer creates a fresh scanner per
+response body. Streaming accumulators live in the middleware package
+([llm_response_parser/streaming.go](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming.go))
+but use `llm.NewScanner` so the framing contract stays here.
+
+### Pricing table
+
+**Management is the sole pricing authority.** The proxy carries no embedded
+price list and reads no pricing file: the whole table arrives inside
+`cost_meter`'s `ConfigJSON` on the ordinary mapping push, and a price change
+is just another push — the chain rebuild constructs a fresh `Table`, so there
+is nothing to reload
+([pricing.go:1–7](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)). The
+management side of the contract (catalog defaults, the operator's stored
+per-provider prices, and `AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile`) is covered in the
+management-side module guide; `cost_meter`'s wire shape is in
+[31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](./31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md).
+
+`EntryJSON`
+([pricing.go:36–45](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)) is the
+management→proxy contract — five USD-per-1k rates under `input_per_1k`,
+`output_per_1k`, `cached_input_per_1k`, `cache_read_per_1k`,
+`cache_creation_per_1k`. Management's `pricing.Entry` marshals the identical
+names, and `EntryJSON`/`Entry` are field-identical so `NewEntries` converts by
+direct struct conversion rather than field-by-field copying (a new rate can't
+be silently dropped in transit).
+
+`EntryCosts`
+([pricing.go:183–234](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go))
+is the cost formula — most security-relevant math in this module. The
+**surface** (the `llm.provider` value the request parser stamped) selects the
+formula, never the tier the entry came from: a per-provider-record override on
+an Anthropic route still bills its cache buckets additively.
+
+| Provider | Formula |
+|---|---|
+| `openai` | `(inTokens − clamped) × InputPer1K + clamped × CachedInputPer1K + outTokens × OutputPer1K` where `clamped = min(cachedInput, inTokens)` |
+| `anthropic`, `bedrock` | `inTokens × InputPer1K + cachedInput × CacheReadPer1K + cacheCreation × CacheCreationPer1K + outTokens × OutputPer1K` |
+| default | `inTokens × InputPer1K + outTokens × OutputPer1K` |
+
+`bedrock` shares the Anthropic additive-cache formula
+([pricing.go:214–229](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)):
+Anthropic-on-Bedrock reports the same additive cache buckets, while non-Anthropic
+Bedrock models (Nova, Llama) simply report zero in those buckets so cost reduces
+to `input + output`.
+
+Each per-bucket rate falls back to `InputPer1K` when zero — operators opt in
+to discounts by setting the field.
+
+`Costs`
+([pricing.go:143–163](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)) is the
+per-request split. The four per-bucket fields are the base; `TotalUSD` and
+`CacheUSD` are **derived** in `newCosts` so the aggregates can never drift from
+the breakdown. `InputUSD` is always the non-cached input bucket on both
+provider shapes, so input and cached-input never double-count.
+
+## Public contracts
+
+**`Parser` interface**
+([parser.go:50–66](../../../proxy/internal/llm/parser.go)):
+
+```go
+type Parser interface {
+    Provider() Provider
+    ProviderName() string
+    DetectFromURL(path string) bool
+    ParseRequest(body []byte) (RequestFacts, error)
+    ParseResponse(status int, contentType string, body []byte) (Usage, error)
+    ExtractPrompt(body []byte) string
+    ExtractCompletion(status int, contentType string, body []byte) string
+}
+```
+
+Adding a provider means implementing this interface and appending to the
+slice returned by `Parsers()` ([parser.go:78–84](../../../proxy/internal/llm/parser.go)).
+Order matters: `DetectFromURL` ties resolve by registration order.
+`Parsers()` today returns `{OpenAIParser, AnthropicParser, BedrockParser}`.
+
+**`Provider` enum**
+([parser.go:8–18](../../../proxy/internal/llm/parser.go)):
+`ProviderUnknown = 0`, `ProviderOpenAI = 1`, `ProviderAnthropic = 2`,
+`ProviderBedrock = 3`. Numeric values are persisted in nothing today but treat
+them as wire-stable — new providers must take fresh numbers.
+
+**`Pricing` construction + lookup**
+([pricing.go:60–130](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)):
+
+```go
+func NewEntries(raw map[string]map[string]EntryJSON) (map[string]map[string]Entry, error)
+func NewTable(raw map[string]map[string]EntryJSON) (*Table, error)
+
+func (t *Table) Lookup(provider, model string) (Entry, bool)
+func (t *Table) Cost(provider, model string, inTokens, outTokens, cachedInput, cacheCreation int64) (float64, bool)
+func (t *Table) Costs(provider, model string, inTokens, outTokens, cachedInput, cacheCreation int64) (Costs, bool)
+func EntryCosts(entry Entry, surface string, inTokens, outTokens, cachedInput, cacheCreation int64) Costs
+```
+
+`NewTable` is the surface-keyed defaults table; `NewEntries` returns the raw
+two-level map `cost_meter` uses for the per-provider-record tier (it looks up an
+`Entry` directly and calls `EntryCosts`, so it needs no `Table` wrapper). Both
+reject any non-finite or negative rate, so a corrupt config fails the chain
+build rather than mispricing silently. Nil input yields an empty,
+never-matching table.
+
+Nil-safe: `t.Cost`/`t.Lookup` on a nil receiver returns `ok=false`
+([pricing.go:96–99](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)).
+`ok=false` means the surface or model is absent from the table management sent;
+the caller emits `cost.skipped=unknown_model`.
+
+## Invariants
+
+1. **The pricing package is pure and platform-independent.** No file I/O, no
+   `//go:embed`, no goroutines, no build tags — the rates arrive as config, so
+   there is nothing platform-specific left to port. Anything reintroducing a
+   read-from-disk path here re-splits pricing authority between management and
+   the proxy, which is exactly what this design removed.
+
+2. **SSE scanner handles partial chunks.** A buffered prefix that doesn't end
+   in `\n\n` still yields its accumulated event before `io.EOF`
+   ([sse.go:55–58](../../../proxy/internal/llm/sse.go)). Tests:
+   `TestSSEScanner_OpenAIFixture`, `TestSSEScanner_AnthropicFixture`,
+   `TestSSEScanner_MultilineData`, `TestSSEScanner_CRLF`. The streaming
+   accumulators ride on this: `accumulateAnthropicStream` and
+   `accumulateOpenAIStream` `break` on any scanner error to return partial
+   usage rather than aborting
+   ([streaming.go:68–73, 144–150](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming.go)).
+
+3. **Management is the only source of rates.** `Table` has no constructor that
+   invents prices: the only way in is `NewTable`/`NewEntries` over the wire map
+   management sent. A missing or empty `pricing` block therefore means *no
+   prices at all* (`cost_meter` records `cost.skipped=unknown_model`, $0) —
+   never a stale built-in fallback that would silently bill list price.
+
+4. **Tables are immutable once built.** `Table.entries` is written only in
+   `NewEntries` and never mutated afterwards, and `cost_meter`'s `perRecord`
+   map is likewise build-time-only
+   ([pricing.go:47–52](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)). This
+   is what makes the no-reload design safe: a price change arrives as a mapping
+   push that builds a new middleware instance over a new table, so concurrent
+   readers can't observe a half-updated price list and no atomic swap or lock
+   is needed on the hot path.
+
+5. **Rate validation happens at chain-build time, not per request.**
+   `NewEntries` rejects negative, NaN, and ±Inf rates field by field
+   ([pricing.go:60–83](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)), naming
+   the offending surface/model/field in the error. Management enforces the same
+   constraints at its API boundary and in its YAML parser, so this is
+   defense-in-depth — but it means a corrupt push fails loudly at build instead
+   of producing negative costs on live traffic. Test:
+   `TestNewTable_ValidatesRates`.
+
+6. **New rates must be added to `Entry`, `EntryJSON`, *and* management's
+   `pricing.Entry` together.** `NewEntries` converts by direct struct
+   conversion `Entry(e)`
+   ([pricing.go:76–78](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)), which
+   only compiles while the two structs stay field-identical — so the proxy half
+   is compiler-enforced. The management half is not: a rate added there but not
+   here unmarshals into nothing and prices that bucket at `InputPer1K`.
+
+## Things to scrutinise
+
+**Correctness.** Verify the OpenAI cached-prompt clamp at
+[pricing.go:203–206](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)
+short-circuits before subtraction. Negative token counts are clamped to zero up
+front ([pricing.go:186–197](../../../proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go)) so
+no formula can yield a negative cost. `Anthropic.TotalTokens` sums all four
+buckets (in + out + cache_read + cache_creation) — downstream dashboards
+need to know this differs from `input + output`.
+`OpenAIParser.ExtractPrompt` falls through `messages → input → prompt`; a
+request sending all three reports only `messages` (uncommon but worth
+noting).
+
+**Security.** `Scanner.maxLine = 1 MiB`; a 2 MiB single-line `data:` event
+errors from `Scanner.Next` and both accumulators stop with partial usage.
+Pricing is no longer file-backed, so the loader's path-traversal / symlink /
+oversize surface is gone entirely — the config channel (an authenticated
+mapping push from management) is now the only way rates enter the proxy, and
+`NewEntries` is the validation boundary on it. A new rate added to management's
+`pricing.Entry` but not to `EntryJSON` here is the remaining silent-mispricing
+path (see invariant 6).
+
+**Concurrency.** Nothing in this package is shared mutable state: tables are
+built once and never written again, so `cost_meter`'s hot path is lock-free by
+construction rather than by atomic swap. Per-call `Scanner` instances mean no
+shared state across concurrent response-parser calls.
+
+**Perf.** `Table.Cost` is two map lookups + multiplications, O(1); the
+per-provider-record tier adds at most one more lookup. `Scanner.Next` is one
+`ReadString('\n')` per line. No background goroutines and no per-request
+allocation of pricing state.
+
+**Observability.** A config carrying no `pricing` block logs one warning at
+chain-build time (`cost_meter` factory) and then records
+`cost.skipped=unknown_model` per request, so an old-management deployment is
+visible in both logs and the access log rather than quietly reporting $0.
+Parser errors return sentinels — middleware uses `errors.Is` to map to the
+right `cost.skipped` reason.
+
+## Test coverage
+
+| File | Tests | Coverage highlights |
+|---|---:|---|
+| `parser_test.go` | 3 | `Parsers()` shape lock, `DetectParser` URL matrix, provider enum stability |
+| `openai_test.go` | 11 | Chat Completions + Responses API + legacy `prompt`; cached-tokens subset for both naming conventions; fixture replays |
+| `anthropic_test.go` | 7 | Messages + legacy `/v1/complete`; streaming REJECTED on `ParseResponse` (must use scanner); fixture replays |
+| `sse_test.go` | 12 | Fixture replay both providers; multiline `data:`; CRLF; comment skip; trailing-event-without-blank-line; oversize rejection |
+| `pricing/pricing_test.go` | 10 | Provider-shape switch (surface selects the formula); cached-rate + cache-read/creation fallback to `InputPer1K`; cached-clamp; negative-token clamp; nil-receiver safety; rate validation (negative / NaN / Inf rejected); nil + empty table |
+
+**Fixtures** ([proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/](../../../proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/)):
+`openai_chat_completion.json` (chat.completions with usage),
+`openai_responses.json` (Responses API shape),
+`openai_stream.txt` (3 deltas + usage + `[DONE]`),
+`anthropic_messages.json` (Messages API non-streaming),
+`anthropic_stream.txt` (full 7-event sequence: message_start →
+content_block_{start,delta×2,stop} → message_delta (usage) → message_stop).
+No pricing fixture: the table is config-delivered, so pricing tests construct
+it in-process from a wire-shape map.
+
+## Cross-references
+
+- Sibling: [31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](./31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md)
+  — the chain that calls `llm.Parsers()`, `llm.ParserByName`,
+  `llm.NewScanner`, `pricing.NewTable` / `pricing.NewEntries`.
+- Path-routed providers (Vertex AI + Bedrock), credential syntax, and the
+  Bedrock AWS event-stream accumulator:
+  [50-path-routed-providers.md](./50-path-routed-providers.md).
+- Direct callers: `llm_request_parser/middleware.go:82–94`,
+  `llm_response_parser/middleware.go:113–123`,
+  `llm_response_parser/streaming.go:65, 142`, `cost_meter/factory.go:49–57`.
+- Related elsewhere: the agent-network synthesiser stamping `provider_id`
+  is covered in the management-side module guide; proxy server boot +
+  `FactoryContext` construction is covered in the proxy-framework guide.
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/33-proxy-runtime.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/33-proxy-runtime.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54046b614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/33-proxy-runtime.md
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+# proxy/runtime — translate + serve + log
+
+> **Risk level:** High — every config push from management is translated here, and the chain runs on every HTTP request to a synth target.
+> **Backward-compat impact:** Additive at the wire (`PathTargetOptions.middlewares`, `agent_network`, `disable_access_log`, capture caps) and on the proxy `Server` struct (`MiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes`). Non-agent-network targets stay on the no-middleware fast path. Middleware config is entirely wire-delivered — no proxy-side data dir is involved, including for LLM pricing, which management ships inside `cost_meter`'s config.
+
+## Module boundary
+
+Turns the synth-service wire format from `ProxyService.SyncMappings`/`GetMappingUpdate` into in-process middleware chains and runs them on top of the existing `httputil.ReverseProxy`. Four concerns: (a) **translate** — `proto.MiddlewareConfig` → validated `middleware.Spec` (proxy/middleware_translate.go) + self-register the eight built-ins (proxy/middleware_register.go); (b) **boot + rebuild** — construct the `middleware.Manager`, share the OTel meter, install the live-service check, rebuild per-path chains on every `addMapping`/`modifyMapping` (proxy/server.go); (c) **serve** — resolve chain at request time, capture bodies under a global budget, invoke `RunRequest`/`RunResponse`/`RunTerminal`, render deny responses, apply `UpstreamRewrite` (proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go); (d) **log + tag** — emit access-log entries with the new `agent_network` flag, gate emission on `EnableLogCollection` via `DisableAccessLog` (proxy/internal/accesslog).
+
+**Inert for non-agent-network targets**: nil or empty chain → existing fast path (reverseproxy.go:127-139); `SuppressAccessLog` defaults false so the access-log middleware emits unchanged.
+
+## Files
+
+| Path | Role |
+| ---- | ---- |
+| proxy/middleware_translate.go | proto→Spec translation; slot/failmode/timeout mapping; caps |
+| proxy/middleware_translate_test.go | translator unit tests |
+| proxy/middleware_register.go | blank-imports the eight builtins for `init()` registration |
+| proxy/server.go | `initMiddlewareManager`, `rebuildMiddlewareChains`, `isLiveService`, `buildMiddlewareBindings`, new Server fields, `protoToMapping` stamps AgentNetwork/DisableAccessLog/CaptureConfig/Middlewares |
+| proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go | `WithMiddlewareManager`, chain dispatch, body capture, `applyUpstreamRewrite`/`Headers`, `buildRequestInput`, response-leg respInput identity fields |
+| proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go | `TestBuildRequestInput_PropagatesIdentityAndGroups` |
+| proxy/internal/proxy/context.go | `agentNetwork`, `suppressAccessLog`, `userGroupNames` on `CapturedData` |
+| proxy/internal/proxy/servicemapping.go | new `PathTarget` fields |
+| proxy/internal/proxy/agent_network_chain_realstack_test.go | end-to-end self-contained chain test |
+| proxy/internal/accesslog/logger.go | `logEntry.AgentNetwork` → `proto.AccessLog` |
+| proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware.go | reads `GetAgentNetwork()`; gates `l.log` on `!GetSuppressAccessLog()` |
+| proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware_test.go | suppress/default/preserves-usage assertions |
+| proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go | tunnel-peer group propagation contract |
+| proxy/internal/metrics/metrics.go | `Meter()` getter for the middleware manager |
+
+## Architecture & flow
+
+### Synth-service ingestion → translate → register → serve
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart TD
+    A[Management SyncMappings/GetMappingUpdate] --> B["processMappings\nserver.go:1492"]
+    B --> C{Mapping type}
+    C -->|CREATED| D["addMapping → setupHTTPMapping → updateMapping"]
+    C -->|MODIFIED| E["modifyMapping → cleanupMappingRoutes → setupHTTPMapping → updateMapping"]
+    C -->|REMOVED| F["removeMapping → cleanupMappingRoutes → invalidateMiddlewareChains"]
+    D --> G["protoToMapping\nserver.go:2181"]
+    E --> G
+    G --> H["translateMiddlewareConfigs\nmiddleware_translate.go:55"]
+    G --> I["translateMiddlewareCaptureConfig\nmiddleware_translate.go:18"]
+    H --> J["[]middleware.Spec on PathTarget"]
+    I --> K["*bodytap.Config on PathTarget"]
+    J --> L["proxy.AddMapping\nservicemapping.go:118"]
+    K --> L
+    L --> M["rebuildMiddlewareChains\nserver.go:2017 → Manager.Rebuild"]
+    F --> N["Manager.Invalidate(serviceID)"]
+```
+
+### Per-request lifecycle through the chain + accesslog
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    autonumber
+    participant C as Client
+    participant M as accesslog.Middleware
+    participant A as auth.Middleware (Protect)
+    participant RP as ReverseProxy.ServeHTTP
+    participant CH as middleware.Chain
+    participant U as Upstream
+    C->>M: HTTP request
+    M->>M: NewCapturedData(requestID), WithCapturedData(ctx)
+    M->>A: next.ServeHTTP
+    A->>A: Private → ValidateTunnelPeer → stamp UserID/Email/Groups/GroupNames/AuthMethod
+    A->>RP: next.ServeHTTP
+    RP->>RP: findTargetForRequest → targetResult
+    RP->>RP: stamp ServiceID/AccountID/AgentNetwork/SuppressAccessLog on CapturedData
+    RP->>RP: resolveChain via Manager.ChainFor
+    alt chain == nil or Empty
+        RP->>U: httputil.ReverseProxy.ServeHTTP (fast path)
+    else chain non-empty
+        RP->>RP: bodytap.CaptureRequest (global budget)
+        RP->>CH: RunRequest
+        CH-->>RP: denyOutput? requestMeta + upstreamRewrite
+        alt deny
+            RP->>C: RenderDenyResponse
+        else allow
+            RP->>RP: capturingWriter + applyUpstreamRewrite/Headers
+            RP->>U: httputil.ReverseProxy.ServeHTTP(respWriter)
+            U-->>RP: response
+            RP->>CH: RunResponse (respInput carries UserGroups)
+            RP->>CH: RunTerminal (merged request+response metadata)
+        end
+    end
+    RP-->>M: handler returns
+    M->>M: build logEntry incl. AgentNetwork
+    alt SuppressAccessLog == true
+        M->>M: skip l.log; still trackUsage
+    else default
+        M->>M: l.log → goroutine SendAccessLog
+    end
+```
+
+### EnableLogCollection suppression path
+
+```mermaid
+flowchart LR
+    S["agentnetwork.Settings.EnableLogCollection"] --> B["synthesizer: target.DisableAccessLog = !EnableLogCollection"]
+    B --> P["proto PathTargetOptions.disable_access_log (field 13)"]
+    P --> T["protoToMapping reads GetDisableAccessLog()\nserver.go:2211"]
+    T --> M["PathTarget.DisableAccessLog\nservicemapping.go:47"]
+    M --> R["ServeHTTP: cd.SetSuppressAccessLog\nreverseproxy.go:106"]
+    R --> G["accesslog middleware: if !GetSuppressAccessLog l.log\nmiddleware.go:95"]
+    R --> U["trackUsage unconditional — bandwidth telemetry preserved"]
+```
+
+**Ingestion** lands as a `ProxyMapping` batch on `handleSyncMappingsStream`/`handleMappingStream`. `processMappings` dispatches to `addMapping`/`modifyMapping`/`removeMapping`; HTTP goes `setupHTTPMapping → updateMapping → protoToMapping`. `protoToMapping` (server.go:2181) is the single translation surface that materialises `[]middleware.Spec`, `*bodytap.Config`, `AgentNetwork`, `DisableAccessLog` onto each `PathTarget`; `updateMapping` finishes with `s.proxy.AddMapping(m)` (atomic swap under `mappingsMux`) and `s.rebuildMiddlewareChains(svcID, m)`.
+
+At **request time** the access-log middleware stamps `CapturedData`; the auth chain runs (Private services lift `peer_group_ids` from `ValidateTunnelPeer` — auth/middleware_test.go:322). `ReverseProxy.ServeHTTP` resolves the chain; nil or empty → original `httputil.ReverseProxy`, no body capture. When a chain matches, body is captured under the global budget, `RunRequest` produces an `UpstreamRewrite` (`llm_router` selects a provider, rewrites scheme/host/path, injects `Authorization`), and `RunResponse`+`RunTerminal` run after the upstream returns. The terminal slot sees the merged metadata bag — that's how `llm_limit_record` ships the consumption sample. The **access-log** addition: `logEntry.AgentNetwork` from `GetAgentNetwork()` onto `proto.AccessLog.AgentNetwork`; the gate at middleware.go:95 honors `EnableLogCollection`, skipping `l.log` but keeping `trackUsage` so bandwidth telemetry survives.
+
+## Public contracts touched
+
+- `proxy.Server.MiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes` (int64) — process-wide capture cap; defaults to 256 MiB (server.go:249-253). There is no `MiddlewareDataDir`: no built-in middleware reads config from disk, so `builtin.FactoryContext` carries only the proxy-lifetime context, meter, logger, and management client.
+- `proxy/internal/proxy.WithMiddlewareManager(*middleware.Manager) Option` — new option on `NewReverseProxy`; nil keeps the fast path (reverseproxy.go:48-56).
+- `proxy/internal/proxy.PathTarget` adds `Middlewares`, `CaptureConfig`, `AgentNetwork`, `DisableAccessLog` (servicemapping.go:27-51), all zero-default.
+- `proxy/internal/proxy.CapturedData` adds `agentNetwork`, `suppressAccessLog`, `userGroupNames` behind `sync.RWMutex`; slices deep-copied (context.go:47-66, 183-258).
+- `accesslog.logEntry.AgentNetwork` + `proto.AccessLog.AgentNetwork` (logger.go:131, 268).
+- `metrics.Metrics.Meter()` exposes the OTel meter for the middleware manager (metrics.go:53-58).
+
+## Invariants
+
+- **Synth-service updates are live (no proxy restart).** Every `MODIFIED` flows through `modifyMapping → cleanupMappingRoutes` (invalidates chains) `→ setupHTTPMapping → updateMapping → rebuildMiddlewareChains`. **ProxyMapping.Private preservation:** the relevant logic lives in `management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go:shallowCloneMapping`, not this module, but it surfaces here — if a `MODIFIED` synth service arrives `private=false`, auth skips `ValidateTunnelPeer`, `CapturedData.UserGroups` stays empty, and `llm_router` denies with `llm_policy.no_authorised_provider` until a management restart re-pushes the snapshot. This module assumes `mapping.GetPrivate()` is correct on every batch.
+- **`EnableLogCollection=false` suppresses access-log writes but middleware still runs.** Gate is one `if !cd.GetSuppressAccessLog()` immediately around `l.log(entry)` (middleware.go:95); `trackUsage` runs below the gate. Locked by `TestMiddleware_SuppressAccessLog_PreservesUsageTracking` (middleware_test.go:139).
+- **`agent_network` flag on access-log entries is set when the chain processed the request.** Source `target.AgentNetwork`, stamped at reverseproxy.go:105, read at accesslog/middleware.go:86.
+- **auth → builtin group propagation.** `Protect` writes `UserGroups`/`UserGroupNames`; `buildRequestInput` (reverseproxy.go:333) copies them into `middleware.Input`. The response-leg `respInput` (reverseproxy.go:196-223) also carries `UserEmail`/`UserGroups`/`UserGroupNames` — `llm_limit_record` needs `UserGroups` to ship `group_ids` so management's group-targeted budget rules match (comment at reverseproxy.go:211-215).
+- **Empty chains stay on the fast path.** `ServeHTTP` skips body capture and the run sequence when `chain == nil || chain.Empty()` (reverseproxy.go:127).
+- **Self-registration is the only way a builtin reaches the registry.** `middleware_register.go` blank-imports each builtin; `init()` adds the factory to `mwbuiltin.DefaultRegistry()`. Missing it → translator drops the entry with a warn (translate.go:97).
+
+## Things to scrutinize
+
+### Correctness
+- **Translate edge cases** — drops on nil cfg, empty ID, unknown ID, UNSPECIFIED slot; each logs one warn; volume bounded by `MaxMiddlewaresPerChain`.
+- **Re-translate without dropping in-flight requests** — `Manager.Rebuild` is the only call from `rebuildMiddlewareChains`. Reverse proxy reads `ChainFor` once per request (reverseproxy.go:327) and runs the captured `*Chain` for the whole request. Verify in module 30 that `Rebuild` swaps atomically.
+- **ProxyMapping.Private preservation** — enforced management-side in `shallowCloneMapping`. Proxy-side regression catches: `TestProtect_PrivateService_TunnelPeerGroupsPropagate` + the integration test.
+- **Body-capture cleanup** — `defer releaseBudget()` (reverseproxy.go:145) and `defer capturingWriter.Release()` (reverseproxy.go:180) must run on every return; confirm no future `return` lands between acquisition and defer.
+- **`applyUpstreamRewrite` clones the URL** — `cloned := *orig` value-copies `*url.URL`; safe because overwritten fields are strings, not slices/maps (reverseproxy.go:285-292).
+
+### Security
+- **Translate validates every config** — registry membership rejects unknown IDs; UNSPECIFIED slot drops; ID-less drops; raw config copied (not aliased) at translate.go:109.
+- **`AuthHeader`/`StripHeaders` only reachable via `UpstreamRewrite`** — regular mutation surface goes through the framework denylist (`Authorization`/`Cookie` blocked); only the router middleware can replace `Authorization` (reverseproxy.go:296-304). Confirm in module 30 nothing outside the proxy-trusted path populates `UpstreamRewrite.AuthHeader`.
+- **`stampNetBirdIdentity` strips client-sent values first** (reverseproxy.go:742-743) — anti-spoof for `X-NetBird-User`/`X-NetBird-Groups`; control chars filtered; comma-bearing labels dropped (reverseproxy_test.go:1217/:1243/:1193).
+- **Auth → group propagation** — `auth/middleware_test.go:322` and `:366` cover the contract. If auth ever stops calling `ValidateTunnelPeer` for Private services, every agent-network request silently denies.
+
+### Concurrency
+- **Chain replacement under in-flight requests** — `findTargetForRequest` takes `mappingsMux.RLock`; `AddMapping` writes. `resolveChain` calls `ChainFor` once; even if `Rebuild` swaps mid-request, in-flight requests keep running on the captured pointer.
+- **`CapturedData` mutation across slots** — accessors take `sync.RWMutex`; slices deep-copied on both Set and Get. Verify no caller mutates the returned slice expecting it to land back.
+- **`Manager.Invalidate` race** — `removeMapping` invalidates after `cleanupMappingRoutes`; mapping read happens before chain resolution, so requests before invalidate run captured chains; later ones fail `findTargetForRequest`.
+- **`Logger.log` goroutine** — `logSem` caps at `maxLogWorkers = 4096`; overflow → `dropped.Add(1)` + debug log. Middleware test uses a buffered channel and 150ms negative-assertion window — review whether 150ms holds on slow CI.
+
+### Backward compatibility
+- **Non-agent-network services unaffected** — `protoToMapping` reads new fields only when `opts != nil`; defaults leave `Middlewares`/`CaptureConfig` nil → chain resolves nil → fast path. Existing `reverseproxy_test.go` (non-chain) still passes.
+- **`disable_access_log` is proto field 13, default false** — every existing target unset; gate is no-op. Locked by `TestMiddleware_SuppressAccessLog_DefaultEmitsLog` (middleware_test.go:104).
+- **`Server` additions optional** — 256 MiB default when `MiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes ≤ 0` (server.go:1997-2000).
+
+### Performance
+- **Translate cost per push** — O(n) with per-entry registry lookup and `config_json` copy; negligible vs. the upstream gRPC unmarshal.
+- **Empty-chain hot path** — one `ChainFor` map lookup + one `chain.Empty()` check; no allocation delta vs. pre-PR.
+- **Body capture buffer churn** — `bodytap.CaptureRequest` allocates `MaxRequestBytes` per chain-hitting request; `releaseBudget` ties allocation to the 256 MiB proxy-wide budget. Confirm in module 30 the budget is a hard cap.
+
+### Observability
+- **Metrics** — `Metrics.Meter()` shared with `middleware.NewMetrics` (server.go:1990-1993) so middleware instruments land in the same prometheus exporter. No new metrics defined here.
+- **Access-log accuracy** — every entry carries `AgentNetwork`; terminal-slot metadata merged into `CapturedData.Metadata` (reverseproxy.go:238-241).
+- **Deny logs at `Infof`** (reverseproxy.go:170) — review whether `Info` is too noisy at high deny rates; consider Debug or rate-limit.
+
+## Test coverage
+
+| Test file | Locks down |
+| --------- | ---------- |
+| proxy/middleware_translate_test.go | Empty/nil → nil; field preservation; unknown ID skip; nil registry permissive; timeout clamping; fail-mode + slot incl. UNSPECIFIED-drop; empty-ID drop; truncation above + at `MaxMiddlewaresPerChain` |
+| proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go | Rewrite host/headers/cookies/query; trusted proxy; path forwarding; classifyProxyError; X-NetBird-User/Groups anti-spoof + CSV-join + control-char/comma rejection + fallback-to-ID; `TestBuildRequestInput_PropagatesIdentityAndGroups` (UserGroups/Email/GroupNames/AgentNetwork reach `middleware.Input`) |
+| proxy/internal/proxy/agent_network_chain_realstack_test.go | **The end-to-end integration test.** Drives a real agent-network request through `ReverseProxy.ServeHTTP` with the chain the synthesizer produces, against an in-process management gRPC (bufconn) backed by a real sqlite store + real `agentnetwork.Manager`, plus an `httptest` upstream — no external infrastructure or real LLM. Guarantees: (1) response-leg `respInput` carries `UserGroups` so `llm_limit_record` ships non-empty `group_ids` and the admin-group consumption row increments; (2) `RedactPii=true` redacts both prompt and completion on captured metadata; (3) the full chain runs against a real management stack. **Line 189-211 inlines the proto→Spec mapping** instead of calling the proxy's private `translateMiddlewareConfig` — keep that inline mirror in sync with `proxy/middleware_translate.go` or the test silently diverges from production. |
+| proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware_test.go | `SuppressAccessLog=true` skips `SendAccessLog` (150ms negative wait); default emits one send (2s positive); usage tracking runs under suppression |
+| proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go | `TestProtect_PrivateService_TunnelPeerGroupsPropagate` proves `peer_group_ids` reach `CapturedData.UserGroups`; `TestProtect_PrivateService_TunnelPeerDenied` proves rejected peers 403 without reaching the handler |
+
+The integration test runs in a few seconds with no external infrastructure — exercising the real synthesizer, `Manager.Rebuild`, `ServeHTTP` dispatch, and `llm_limit_record` writing a real consumption row through the real `agentnetwork.Manager` over real gRPC.
+
+## Known limitations / explicit non-goals
+
+- **Translator does not validate `RawConfig` JSON** — factory's job at `New([]byte)`. Confirm in module 30 that a per-binding factory failure doesn't poison the rest of the chain.
+- **No throttle on management push rate** — every `MODIFIED` triggers `Manager.Rebuild`. Mitigation upstream.
+- **Streaming responses (SSE)** — body capture is streaming-aware, but response-leg middleware runs only after the response completes; long SSE streams delay `llm_limit_record` until close.
+- **OIDC-only path doesn't carry tunnel-peer groups** — agent-network synth services rely on the Private tunnel-peer path; JWT groups claim is the only carrier for non-Private OIDC.
+- **`agent_network` flag on L4 entries** not added; HTTP-only.
+- **`mw.capture.bypass_reason` metadata key** documented at reverseproxy.go:151,184; namespace this in module 30/31 to avoid collisions.
+
+## Cross-references
+- Upstream: [shared/api](10-shared-api.md), [proxy/middleware-framework](30-proxy-middleware-framework.md), [proxy/middleware-builtin](31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md), [proxy/llm-parsers](32-proxy-llm-parsers.md)
+- End-to-end flow: [../01-end-to-end-flows.md](../01-end-to-end-flows.md)
+- Top-level: [../00-overview.md](../00-overview.md)
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/40-dashboard.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/40-dashboard.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ed9021bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/40-dashboard.md
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# dashboard — UI for agent-networks
+
+This module documents code that lives in the **dashboard repo** (under
+`src/modules/agent-network/` and `src/app/(dashboard)/agent-network/`), not
+in this repo. It is co-located here so backend readers see the full picture.
+
+> **Risk level:** Medium. The new surface is isolated under `src/modules/agent-network/` and `src/app/(dashboard)/agent-network/`, but it also reshapes the sidebar, splits `/peers`, renames `reverse-proxy/clusters` → `self-hosted-proxies`, and overlays the Control Center graph. Regressions here would be cross-cutting.
+> **Backward-compat impact:** Additive on the API side. Breaking on URL/navigation: `/peers` redirects to `/peers/devices` (src/app/(dashboard)/peers/page.tsx:7-15), `/reverse-proxy/clusters` was renamed to `/reverse-proxy/self-hosted-proxies`, the sidebar lost Access Control / Networks / Reverse Proxy / DNS / standalone Guardrails / Consumption / Activity (Navigation.tsx:165-171 — routes still resolve via URL), and the standalone `/agent-network/{access-log,consumption,global-controls}` routes are gone in favor of `/agent-network/observability`.
+
+## Module boundary
+
+The dashboard is the only place an operator interacts with agent-networks: provider catalog, configured providers, policies, guardrails, account-level budget rules, account settings (collection / redaction toggles), per-request access log, and consumption rollups all render, paginate, and edit here. Data flows in via SWR (`useFetchApi`) keyed by REST URL. One big context provider (`src/modules/agent-network/AIProvidersProvider.tsx`) aggregates five resources (providers, policies, guardrails, budget rules, settings) plus the proxy access-log stream filtered to `agent_network=true`, and exposes `add* / update* / toggle* / delete*` mutators that call through `useApiCall` and re-`mutate()` SWR. Pages mount the provider once at the top and compose presentational tables and modals beneath. The control-center page additionally fetches `/agent-network/{providers,policies}` directly (control-center/page.tsx:123-130) to overlay graph nodes.
+
+## What the UI delivers
+
+- **AI Observability** page with four tabs: Access Logs, Budget Dashboard,
+  Budget Settings, Log Settings (replaces the standalone access-log,
+  consumption, and global-controls routes).
+- **Providers** page: provider catalog + connect/edit wizard with per-vendor
+  copy (LiteLLM, Portkey, Bifrost, Cloudflare, Vercel, OpenRouter, custom).
+- **Policies** page: group → provider authorization with per-policy Limits
+  (minute-granular windows) + guardrail attach.
+- **Guardrails** page: reusable model-allowlist + prompt-capture sets.
+- **Account controls**: Log Collection / Prompt Collection / Redact PII toggles.
+- **Budget rules**: account-level rules reusing the policy Limits UI.
+- **Control Center overlay**: provider + agent-policy nodes on the graph.
+- **Navigation + peers reshaping**: peers split into Devices / Agents,
+  `reverse-proxy/clusters` renamed to `self-hosted-proxies`, sidebar
+  repackaged for agent-network focus.
+
+## Surface added
+
+### New pages
+
+| Route | Purpose | Backing module(s) |
+| ----- | ------- | ----------------- |
+| `/agent-network` | Redirect to `/agent-network/providers` | page.tsx:7-15 |
+| `/agent-network/providers` | List + connect providers; header surfaces per-account base URL | providers/page.tsx + AgentProvidersTable + AIProviderModal |
+| `/agent-network/policies` | Group → Provider authorization with per-policy Limits + Guardrail attach | policies/page.tsx + AgentPoliciesTable + AgentPolicyModal |
+| `/agent-network/guardrails` | Reusable guardrail sets (model allowlist + prompt capture) | guardrails/page.tsx + AgentGuardrailsTable + AgentGuardrailModal |
+| `/agent-network/observability` | Tabs: Access Logs / Budget Dashboard / Budget Settings / Log Settings | observability/page.tsx |
+| `/peers/devices`, `/peers/agents` | Split of `/peers`, shared via `PeersListView` keyed by `kind` | peers/{devices,agents}/page.tsx |
+| `/reverse-proxy/self-hosted-proxies` | Renamed from `clusters` | self-hosted-proxies/page.tsx |
+
+Removed in favor of `/agent-network/observability`: `/agent-network/access-log`, `/agent-network/consumption`, `/agent-network/global-controls`.
+
+### New modules under src/modules/agent-network
+
+| File | Role |
+| ---- | ---- |
+| AIProvidersProvider.tsx (~1158 LOC) | Aggregates every agent-network resource via SWR; normalises snake↔camel; exposes mutators; holds wizard-open state |
+| AIProviderModal.tsx (~1268 LOC) | Connect / edit provider wizard with per-vendor copy (Bifrost, Portkey, LiteLLM, Cloudflare, Vercel, OpenRouter, custom) |
+| AIProviderLogo + useProviderCatalog | Catalog-driven brand swatch + SWR hook over `/agent-network/catalog/providers` |
+| AgentPoliciesTable + AgentPolicyModal + AgentPolicyGuardrailsTab + AgentPolicyLimitsTab | Policies; modal has 3 tabs (Rule, Limits, Guardrails) |
+| AgentGuardrailsTable + AgentGuardrailModal + AgentGuardrailBrowseModal + AgentGuardrailChecksCell | Guardrails CRUD + attach-from-policy |
+| AgentBudgetRulesTable + AgentBudgetRuleModal | Account-level budget rules; modal reuses AgentPolicyLimitsTab verbatim |
+| AgentAccountControlsCard | Three account-wide toggles (Log Collection / Prompt Collection / Redact PII) |
+| AgentAccessLogTable + AgentAccessLogExpandedRow | Access log on `/events/proxy?agent_network=true` |
+| AgentConsumptionPanel + AgentConsumptionTable | Token + cost panel: charts + counter table |
+| table/AgentProvidersTable + AgentProviderActionCell | Providers table + per-row actions |
+| data/mockData.ts | Domain types and a few residual `MOCK_*` constants (see scrutinize) |
+
+### Touched non-agent-network areas
+
+- **control-center**: agent-network overlay (provider + agent-policy nodes); removed the All Networks dropdown; hid the Networks tab in FlowSelector (FlowSelector.tsx:9-14 — enum value kept so `?tab=networks` still type-checks); wrapped `ControlCenterView` in `AIProvidersProvider` (page.tsx:73-83); `agentPolicyNode` clicks routed to a separate state slot (page.tsx:1871-1874). New node renderers: nodes/ProviderNode.tsx, nodes/AgentPolicyNode.tsx (registered at utils/nodes.ts:21-22).
+- **peers**: Split into Devices and Agents sub-routes; shared via `PeersListView` keyed by `kind` (PeersListView.tsx:24-95). New compact-toolbar `UserFilterSelector` (users/UserFilterSelector.tsx).
+- **reverse-proxy**: Folder rename `clusters/` → `self-hosted-proxies/`; deleted `ClustersFeaturesCell.tsx`, `ClusterTypeIndicator.tsx`; new ReverseProxyClusterTargetSelector for cluster target type; Private toggle on target modal; body-capture knobs removed; new ReverseProxyEventExpandedRow.
+- **events**: `ReverseProxyEventsUserCell` rewritten with user + peer fallback (ReverseProxyEventsUserCell.tsx:14-21), shared with the access-log table.
+- **navigation**: Full repackaging in Navigation.tsx — Agent Network items flattened (no collapsible parent), distinct icons per item; Access Control, Networks, Reverse Proxy, DNS, standalone Guardrails, Consumption, Activity removed (still URL-reachable, per lines 165-171).
+
+## Architecture & flow
+
+### Page → Provider → Table/Modal hierarchy
+
+```mermaid
+graph TD
+  Nav[Navigation.tsx]
+  Nav --> ProvidersPage[/agent-network/providers/]
+  Nav --> PoliciesPage[/agent-network/policies/]
+  Nav --> GuardrailsPage[/agent-network/guardrails/]
+  Nav --> ObsPage[/agent-network/observability/]
+
+  ProvidersPage --> AIPP1[AIProvidersProvider]
+  PoliciesPage --> AIPP2[AIProvidersProvider]
+  GuardrailsPage --> AIPP3[AIProvidersProvider]
+  ObsPage --> AIPP4[AIProvidersProvider]
+  ObsPage -.wraps.-> GroupsProvider
+  ObsPage -.wraps.-> PeersProvider
+
+  AIPP1 --> ProvTable[AgentProvidersTable]
+  ProvTable --> ProvModal[AIProviderModal]
+  AIPP2 --> PolTable[AgentPoliciesTable]
+  PolTable --> PolModal[AgentPolicyModal]
+  PolModal --> PolGuardTab[AgentPolicyGuardrailsTab]
+  PolModal --> PolLimitsTab[AgentPolicyLimitsTab]
+  PolGuardTab --> GuardBrowse[AgentGuardrailBrowseModal]
+  PolGuardTab --> GuardModal[AgentGuardrailModal]
+  AIPP3 --> GuardTable[AgentGuardrailsTable]
+  GuardTable --> GuardModal
+  AIPP4 --> Tabs[Tabs]
+  Tabs --> AccessLog[AgentAccessLogTable]
+  Tabs --> Consumption[AgentConsumptionPanel]
+  Tabs --> BudgetRules[AgentBudgetRulesTable]
+  Tabs --> AccountCtl[AgentAccountControlsCard]
+  BudgetRules --> BudgetModal[AgentBudgetRuleModal]
+  BudgetModal -.reuses.-> PolLimitsTab
+```
+
+### AI Observability tab page
+
+```mermaid
+graph LR
+  Page[AIObservabilityPage] --> RA[RestrictedAccess<br/>permission.services.read]
+  RA --> GP[GroupsProvider]
+  GP --> PP[PeersProvider]
+  PP --> AIP[AIProvidersProvider]
+  AIP --> Tabs[Tabs / TabsList]
+  Tabs --> T1[Access Logs<br/>AgentAccessLogTable]
+  Tabs --> T2[Budget Dashboard<br/>AgentConsumptionPanel]
+  Tabs --> T3[Budget Settings<br/>AgentBudgetRulesTable]
+  Tabs --> T4[Log Settings<br/>AgentAccountControlsCard]
+  T1 -.GET.-> EP[/events/proxy?agent_network=true/]
+  T2 -.GET poll 5s.-> CONS[/agent-network/consumption/]
+  T3 -.GET/PUT.-> BR[/agent-network/budget-rules/]
+  T4 -.GET/PUT.-> ST[/agent-network/settings/]
+```
+
+### Data fetch path
+
+```mermaid
+graph TD
+  Page[Page component] --> Prov[AIProvidersProvider]
+  Prov -->|useFetchApi| SWR[(SWR cache<br/>key = URL)]
+  SWR -.GET.-> P[/agent-network/providers/]
+  SWR -.GET.-> POL[/agent-network/policies/]
+  SWR -.GET.-> G[/agent-network/guardrails/]
+  SWR -.GET.-> BR[/agent-network/budget-rules/]
+  SWR -.GET ignoreError.-> ST[/agent-network/settings/]
+  SWR -.GET.-> CAT[/agent-network/catalog/providers/]
+  SWR -.GET pageSize=100.-> EVT[/events/proxy agent_network=true/]
+  Prov --> Mut[useApiCall.post/put/del]
+  Mut -.on success.-> MutateSWR[SWR mutate keys]
+  Prov --> Children[Tables / Modals via useAIProviders]
+```
+
+Every list view reaches management through SWR over `/api/agent-network/*`. The provider context maps snake-case payloads to camelCase domain types (`fromAPI`, `policyFromAPI`, `guardrailFromAPI`, `budgetRuleFromAPI`, `settingsFromAPI`, `accessLogFromAPI` — AIProvidersProvider.tsx:138-562) and back via matching `*ToRequest` adaptors. The access log piggy-backs on `/events/proxy` with `agent_network=true&page_size=100` (line 707-709) and decodes LLM-specific fields from per-event `metadata`. Group IDs on events are resolved to current names through the surrounding GroupsProvider catalog (lines 515-521, 717-731) — no extra round trip. Mutators run `*ToRequest`, await `useApiCall.post/put/del`, call SWR `mutate()`, then `notify`. Errors caught and surfaced via `notify` — no exceptions escape into render. The Connect Provider modal's open state lives in the provider itself (`isWizardOpen` at lines 732-735) so the providers-page empty-state CTA and the table's + button share one modal. Control-center re-fetches `/agent-network/{providers,policies}` directly on top of `AIProvidersProvider` — SWR de-dupes but the code path is harder to reason about.
+
+## Public contracts consumed
+
+- `GET/POST /api/agent-network/providers`, `PUT/DELETE /:id`
+- `GET/POST /api/agent-network/policies`, `PUT/DELETE /:id`
+- `GET/POST /api/agent-network/guardrails`, `PUT/DELETE /:id`
+- `GET/POST /api/agent-network/budget-rules`, `PUT/DELETE /:id`
+- `GET/PUT /api/agent-network/settings` (ignoreError-tolerant; 404 = not yet bootstrapped — auto-bootstrap on first provider create via `bootstrap_cluster` field — AIProvidersProvider.tsx:737-760)
+- `GET /api/agent-network/catalog/providers` (read-only declarative; backend owns vendor list, IDs, brand colors, models, extra_headers, identity_injection — useProviderCatalog.ts:6-95)
+- `GET /api/agent-network/consumption` (polled every 5s on Budget Dashboard — ConsumptionPanel.tsx:53,65-71)
+- `GET /api/events/proxy?agent_network=true&page_size=100` (shared with Proxy Events)
+- `permission?.services?.read` gates every agent-network route via RestrictedAccess.
+
+`AIProviderId` is a closed union in dashboard types (data/mockData.ts:8-21) but the converter tolerates anything the backend ships — unknown ids fall through to `"custom"` (AIProvidersProvider.tsx:497-506). Catalog values are pure read-through: anything declared in `extra_headers` renders in the modal automatically, copy keyed by header name (`EXTRA_HEADER_UI` in AIProviderModal.tsx:61-89), labeled-fallback for unknown ones.
+
+## Invariants
+
+- Provider context wrap order on user-attribution pages: `GroupsProvider > PeersProvider > AIProvidersProvider` (observability/page.tsx:87-89). Reverse it and access-log group resolution silently drops names.
+- Every agent-network route checks `permission?.services?.read` via `RestrictedAccess` (observability/page.tsx:85, providers/page.tsx:184, policies/page.tsx:53, guardrails/page.tsx:55).
+- Modal `key={open ? 1 : 0}` pattern is used to force unmount/remount on close so internal `useState` resets between edits (AgentBudgetRuleModal.tsx:60, AgentPolicyModal.tsx:66). Removing this would leak prior-row state into a new-row session.
+- `mockData.ts` is the canonical home for ALL agent-network domain types; `MOCK_*` constants must never reach a production code path. One leak remains (below).
+
+## Things to scrutinize
+
+### Correctness
+
+- **Tab-state URL hand-off is one-way.** observability/page.tsx:53-58 reads `?tab=` on mount (despite the file comment at line 28 saying URL hand-off is future) but `setTab` does NOT push back, so reload preserves the chosen tab only if it came in via the link. Inconsistent with control-center (page.tsx:1817-1831).
+- **Provider overlay runs only in `applySingleGroupView` / `applyPeerView`** (control-center/page.tsx:557, 1159-1166). User view does NOT show providers — if agent-network is a primary lens, that's a gap.
+- **Two useEffects race to invalidate the control-center layout.** page.tsx:1655-1657 drops `layoutInitialized` when `agentPolicies` / `agentProviders` arrive; the main effect (1786-1799) also lists them as deps. Functional but fragile — watch for flash-of-empty-graph.
+- **`updateProvider` / `updatePolicy` / `updateBudgetRule` use `??` on `enabled`** (AIProvidersProvider.tsx:784, 859, 1018). Toggle paths are safe; any caller sending `enabled: false` thinking "leave it off" gets `existing.enabled` instead. Audit modal callers.
+- **Form validation in modals is minimal.** Window-seconds picker — mockData.ts:209-215 documents "minimum 60 — one minute" but there is no matching UI guard in PolicyLimitsTab; the backend validator is the enforcement point.
+
+### Security
+
+- **No client-side enforcement claims** — every cap, allowlist, and toggle is display + edit; proxy is the source of truth for deny decisions (AccessLogTable.tsx:177-191 renders backend-emitted `denyReason` as-is).
+- **Prompt display is gated by what the backend stamps.** When `enable_prompt_collection` is OFF the proxy must not put prompt/completion into event metadata; the dashboard renders whatever it gets verbatim (AccessLogTable lines 532-534, AccessLogExpandedRow.tsx:42-57). No UI filter on top of backend collection switches.
+- Account Controls disables `Redact PII` when `Prompt Collection` is off (AgentAccountControlsCard.tsx:122) and clears it on off-transition (line 100), but relies on backend to enforce the same gate at write — confirm PUT handler rejects `redact_pii=true && enable_prompt_collection=false`.
+- **Bifrost identity-header overrides**: empty-string vs nil semantics documented in AIProvidersProvider.tsx:772-781 ("omitted = preserve, empty = explicit clear"). Mishandling could leak group attribution to a header the operator thought disabled. Focused read of Bifrost code path in AIProviderModal.tsx recommended.
+
+### Accessibility
+
+- Observability TabsList (observability/page.tsx:96-113) uses the shared Tabs component — should inherit Radix roving-tabindex. All four TabsTriggers carry only icon + text, no `aria-label`; fine because text is visible.
+- Modal focus traps are inherited from the shared Modal; agent-network modals don't override them. Quick keyboard pass recommended.
+- `EndpointBadge` Copy button (providers/page.tsx:66-76) has an `aria-label`, good.
+
+### Performance
+
+- `AgentConsumptionPanel` polls `/agent-network/consumption` every 5s (ConsumptionPanel.tsx:53,70). Tab switches unmount the panel, so the poll stops — verify in network panel.
+- `AgentAccessLogTable` is hard-capped at 100 rows via `page_size=100` (AIProvidersProvider.tsx:707-709). Server-side pagination is future work; high-traffic tenants miss everything past row 100 — known limitation.
+- Observability page mounts providers ONCE at page level (observability/page.tsx:87-89); tab switches keep SWR cache hot. Moving the provider mount inside `TabsContent` would re-fetch the access log on every switch.
+
+### Visual consistency
+
+- The observability tab style mirrors peers/page.tsx. Outer Tabs `pt-4 pb-0 mb-0`, TabsList `px-8` (observability/page.tsx:94-96) — confirm chrome height matches so the page doesn't visually jump.
+- Sidebar: `Boxes` for Providers, `AccessControlIcon` for Policies, `TelescopeIcon` for AI Observability (Navigation.tsx:113,120,133). Reusing `AccessControlIcon` makes Policies look identical to the (now hidden) Access Control item — if Access Control ever comes back, they collide.
+- `AgentNetworkIcon` is used in breadcrumbs on every agent-network page but NOT in the sidebar (per-page icons instead). Deliberate departure — record so it doesn't get reverted.
+
+## Test coverage
+
+- **Cypress**: One file (`cypress/e2e/test.cy.ts`) covering only the install-page copy-to-clipboard flow. NOTHING covers agent-network UI.
+- **Component / unit tests**: `src/utils/version.test.ts` is the only `.test.*` file in the repo. The agent-network modules ship without component tests.
+- Data-cy hooks exist on key controls: `save-account-controls` (AgentAccountControlsCard.tsx:71), `enable-log-collection`, `enable-prompt-collection`, `redact-pii`, plus existing `data-cy={policy.name}` / `data-cy={provider.name}` on ActiveInactiveRow. Sufficient hooks for Cypress flows; none written yet.
+- **Tooling gap (pre-existing):** `npm run lint` (`next lint`) is broken in Next 16 — the `lint` subcommand was removed from the Next CLI in 16.x, so the dashboard effectively has no working lint gate. The fix is to add either a flat-config `eslint .` script or wire ESLint via an explicit `eslint-config-next` invocation.
+
+## Known limitations / explicit non-goals
+
+- **`data/mockData.ts` still contains `MOCK_GROUPS`, `MOCK_PROVIDERS`, `MOCK_PEERS`.** Only `MOCK_GROUPS` is referenced from production — AgentPoliciesTable.tsx:45,76 uses it as a name-lookup fallback when a policy references a group ID the real GroupsProvider doesn't know about. `MOCK_PROVIDERS` / `MOCK_PEERS` are unreferenced; safe to delete. The file is `/* eslint-disable */` so dead-code warnings don't flag them.
+- **Tab-state URL hand-off on observability page is one-way** (read-only).
+- **Access log hard-capped at 100 rows**; no server-side pagination.
+- **No optimistic updates.** All mutations are round-trip; failures rollback via SWR revalidation.
+- **`FlowView.NETWORKS` retained but hidden** from FlowSelector (FlowSelector.tsx:9-14). Old `?tab=networks` links still route to the hidden view because `applyNetworksView` still runs.
+- **Redirects are not query-preserving** — `router.replace("/peers/devices")` (peers/page.tsx:13) strips any incoming filter params.
+- **Control-center cross-fetches** `/agent-network/{providers,policies}` directly on top of `AIProvidersProvider`. Could be collapsed.
+- **Sidebar permanently hides Access Control, Networks, Reverse Proxy, standalone Guardrails, DNS, Activity, Consumption.** Routes still resolve via URL (Navigation.tsx:165-171); intentional.
+
+## Cross-references
+
+- Upstream API contracts: [shared/api](10-shared-api.md)
+- Backend persistence: [management/store](20-management-store.md)
+- Backend handler wiring: [management/handlers + wiring](22-management-handlers-wiring.md)
+- End-to-end flow narrative: [../01-end-to-end-flows.md](../01-end-to-end-flows.md)
+- Top-level overview: [../00-overview.md](../00-overview.md)
diff --git a/docs/agent-networks/modules/50-path-routed-providers.md b/docs/agent-networks/modules/50-path-routed-providers.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..08c976c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/agent-networks/modules/50-path-routed-providers.md
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+# path-routed providers — Vertex AI + Bedrock
+
+This guide pulls the **path-routed** provider story together in one place
+because it crosses the catalog, the synthesiser, the request parser, and the
+router. The relevant building blocks are the `llm_router` /
+`llm_request_parser` middlewares
+([31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md)), the
+per-provider parser surface ([32-proxy-llm-parsers.md](32-proxy-llm-parsers.md)),
+and the synthesiser's catalog → `ProviderRoute` mapping
+([21-management-agentnetwork.md](21-management-agentnetwork.md)).
+
+Sibling modules: [31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md)
+(router + request parser) and [32-proxy-llm-parsers.md](32-proxy-llm-parsers.md)
+(Bedrock parser + pricing).
+
+---
+
+## What "path-routed" means
+
+Most catalog providers carry the model in the request **body** (`{"model": …}`),
+so `llm_router` selects an upstream by matching the model name against each
+provider's `Models` claim. Two providers instead carry the model in the **URL
+path**, so they are routed by path before the model/vendor table is consulted:
+
+| Catalog id | Style flag | Request path shape |
+|---|---|---|
+| `vertex_ai_api` | `IsVertexPathStyle` → `ProviderRoute.Vertex` | `/v1/projects/{project}/locations/{region}/publishers/{publisher}/models/{model}:{action}` |
+| `bedrock_api` | `IsBedrockPathStyle` → `ProviderRoute.Bedrock` | `/model/{modelId}/{action}` (optionally behind `/bedrock`) |
+
+The catalog declares the style with
+[`catalog.IsVertexPathStyle` / `catalog.IsBedrockPathStyle`](../../../management/server/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog.go)
+and the synthesiser copies the result onto the router route as the `Vertex` /
+`Bedrock` booleans
+([synthesizer.go:450-451](../../../management/server/agentnetwork/synthesizer.go)).
+On the request leg `llm_router.Invoke` dispatches `isVertexPath` / `isBedrockPath`
+**before** the model lookup
+([llm_router/middleware.go:138-216](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go))
+so a model the parser extracted from the path can't be claimed by a same-vendor
+*body-routed* provider (e.g. `claude-*` on `api.anthropic.com`).
+
+## Google Vertex AI (`vertex_ai_api`)
+
+### Catalog entry
+
+`KindProvider`, parser surface left unset on the catalog entry — the request
+parser picks the parser from the URL **publisher** segment, not from
+`ParserID`. Upstream host is `<region>-aiplatform.googleapis.com`
+(`https://aiplatform.googleapis.com` for the `global` location). The catalog
+lists the Claude-on-Vertex lineup (`claude-opus-4-*`, `claude-sonnet-4-*`,
+`claude-haiku-4-5`, `claude-fable-5`) at the same per-token rates as the
+first-party Anthropic entry
+([catalog.go:333-363](../../../management/server/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog.go)).
+
+### Credential — service-account OAuth (`keyfile::`)
+
+Vertex does **not** accept a static API key. The operator sets the provider
+`api_key` to:
+
+```
+keyfile::<base64 of the GCP service-account JSON key>
+```
+
+The synthesiser recognises the `keyfile::` prefix in `providerAuthHeader`
+([synthesizer.go:897-903](../../../management/server/agentnetwork/synthesizer.go)),
+emits **no** static auth value, and carries the base64 key material on the
+route as `GCPServiceAccountKeyB64`
+([factory.go:56-61](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/factory.go)).
+At request time the router mints a short-lived OAuth2 access token from the key
+(cloud-platform scope) and injects `Authorization: Bearer <access-token>` —
+never the key itself
+([llm_router/middleware.go:621-692](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go)):
+
+- One auto-refreshing `oauth2.TokenSource` is cached per key (keyed by a
+  SHA-256 of the base64 material), so token minting happens once and refreshes
+  amortise across requests.
+- Mint / refresh is bounded by a 10s timeout HTTP client (`gcpTokenTimeout`) so
+  a slow Google token endpoint can't hang the request.
+- A malformed key or an unreachable token endpoint fails the request with
+  `llm_policy.upstream_auth_failed` at HTTP **502** (an upstream problem, not a
+  policy denial) — see `denyUpstreamAuth`.
+
+### Metering — Anthropic-on-Vertex only
+
+The request parser extracts `{publisher, model, action}` from the path
+(`parseVertexPath`, [llm_request_parser/middleware.go:237-263](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware.go)),
+strips the `@version` suffix from the model, and maps the publisher to a parser
+surface via `vertexPublisherVendor`:
+
+- `anthropic` → `llm.provider="anthropic"` → metered through the Anthropic
+  parser, priced under the **`anthropic`** surface of the pricing table
+  management ships (the parser emits the standard Anthropic provider label, so
+  Vertex Claude reuses first-party Anthropic prices).
+- `openai` → `llm.provider="openai"` (reserved; not in the catalog lineup
+  today).
+- anything else (notably `google` / Gemini) → empty vendor → **no parser**.
+
+**Gemini is intentionally denied as unmeterable.** When the parser emits no
+`llm.provider` for a Vertex publisher, `llm_router` returns
+`llm_policy.unmeterable_publisher` (403) rather than forwarding the request
+uncounted — serving it would bypass token / budget metering
+([llm_router/middleware.go:144-162, 712-728](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go)).
+A Gemini parser would lift this restriction; until then the `google` publisher
+is omitted from the catalog.
+
+> Caveat: cross-region inference profiles in `eu` / `apac` carry a ~10% price
+> premium that the base per-token rates do **not** model — cost annotations for
+> those regions read low. Operators who need exact regional billing set the
+> affected models' prices on the provider record, or replace the default entries
+> via management's `AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile`.
+
+## AWS Bedrock (`bedrock_api`)
+
+### Catalog entry
+
+`KindProvider`, upstream host `bedrock-runtime.<region>.amazonaws.com`. Metered
+models are the Anthropic-on-Bedrock lineup (`anthropic.claude-*`) plus Amazon
+Nova and Llama 3.3 entries
+([catalog.go:300-332](../../../management/server/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog.go)).
+Anthropic-on-Bedrock reuses the first-party Claude prices (with additive cache
+buckets); Nova / Llama report no cache, so cost is `input + output`.
+
+### Credential — static bearer token
+
+Bedrock uses the **AWS Bedrock API key** as a static bearer. The operator sets
+the provider `api_key` directly (no `keyfile::` prefix); the catalog template
+is `Authorization: Bearer ${API_KEY}`
+([catalog.go:306-307](../../../management/server/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog.go)).
+No token minting — the synthesiser substitutes the key into the template and
+the router injects the resulting `Authorization` header after stripping inbound
+vendor auth (including client-supplied AWS SigV4 material: `X-Amz-Date`,
+`X-Amz-Security-Token`, `X-Amz-Content-Sha256`, see `strippedAuthHeaders`).
+
+### Model id form — cross-region inference profiles
+
+Bedrock model ids in the request path must be the cross-region
+**inference-profile** form, e.g.
+`eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0`. The bare
+`anthropic.claude-…` id is rejected by AWS. `normalizeBedrockModel`
+([llm_request_parser/middleware.go:398-414](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware.go))
+strips the region prefix (`us.` / `eu.` / `apac.` / `global.`), an optional ARN
+wrapper, and the `-YYYYMMDD-vN[:N]` version/throughput suffix so the normalised
+id (`anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5`) matches the catalog/pricing key.
+
+### Supported endpoints + actions
+
+`/model/{modelId}/{action}` where action ∈ `invoke`,
+`invoke-with-response-stream`, `converse`, `converse-stream`
+([llm_request_parser/middleware.go:363-390](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware.go)).
+`invoke` / `converse` are non-streaming; the `-stream` actions set the streaming
+flag.
+
+- **InvokeModel** body uses the vendor-native shape — for Anthropic that means
+  `"anthropic_version":"bedrock-2023-05-31"` and snake_case usage with additive
+  cache buckets.
+- **Converse** uses the unified camelCase shape with a precomputed `totalTokens`.
+- The `BedrockParser` reads both shapes on the response leg
+  ([bedrock.go](../../../proxy/internal/llm/bedrock.go)); the request parser
+  doesn't need to distinguish them (`ParseRequest` is a no-op — model + stream
+  come from the path).
+
+### Streaming — AWS binary event-stream
+
+The `-stream` actions return `application/vnd.amazon.eventstream` (the AWS
+binary event-stream framing), and streaming **is metered**.
+`accumulateBedrockStream`
+([llm_response_parser/streaming_bedrock.go](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_bedrock.go))
+decodes the frames with `aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream`:
+
+- InvokeModel `chunk` frames wrap a base64 `{"bytes":…}` payload carrying a
+  vendor-native (Anthropic) stream event — folded through the shared Anthropic
+  stream accumulator.
+- Converse `contentBlockDelta` frames carry text; the trailing `metadata` frame
+  carries the final usage block.
+- A truncated stream (cut at the body-tap capture cap) decodes best-effort:
+  frames up to the cut are applied and partial usage is returned.
+
+### Optional `/bedrock` gateway-namespace prefix
+
+Clients may place an optional `/bedrock` prefix before the native path
+(`/bedrock/model/{modelId}/{action}`) to disambiguate Bedrock from other
+providers that also use `/model/...`. Both the request parser
+(`trimBedrockNamespace`) and the router (`splitBedrockNamespace`) accept it.
+When the prefix is present, the router sets
+`RewriteUpstream.StripPathPrefix = "/bedrock"` so the **native** path
+(`/model/...`) is what reaches `bedrock-runtime.<region>.amazonaws.com`
+([llm_router/middleware.go:168-184, 320-348](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go)).
+
+## Model allowlist on path-routed providers
+
+Because the model lives in the URL rather than the body, a path-routed provider
+credential could otherwise be used for any model the upstream supports. The
+router still enforces the route's `Models` allowlist via `matchPathRoute`
+([llm_router/middleware.go:370-416](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go)):
+
+1. Filter to routes of the matching style (`Vertex` / `Bedrock`).
+2. Filter to routes whose `AllowedGroupIDs` authorise the caller's groups
+   (else `no_authorised_provider`).
+3. Filter to routes that **claim the requested model**. As with body-routed
+   providers, an **empty `Models` list = catch-all** (serve any model);
+   a non-empty list serves only the listed models (else `model_not_routable`).
+4. Multiple survivors disambiguate by longest `UpstreamPath` prefix match.
+
+So an operator who lists explicit models on a Vertex/Bedrock provider gets a
+hard allowlist; an operator who leaves `Models` empty accepts every model the
+upstream serves (still subject to the unmeterable-publisher gate on Vertex).
+
+Model-less OpenAI endpoints (`GET /v1/models`) are **never** routed to a
+Vertex/Bedrock provider — `matchModelless` skips path-routed routes
+([llm_router/middleware.go:427-462](../../../proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go))
+so a model-listing call can't be rewritten onto an upstream that would 404 it.
+
+## Catalog ↔ pricing cross-check
+
+Catalog prices and context windows are cross-checked against LiteLLM's
+`model_prices_and_context_window.json`. The **catalog is the source of default
+prices**: management's `pricing.DefaultTable` folds every catalog provider's
+models into the surfaces that provider declares (`PricingSurfaces`), so coverage
+is structural rather than maintained in a parallel file
+([pricing/defaults.go](../../../management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults.go)).
+`TestDefaultTable_CoversEveryCatalogModel` fails if a catalog model ends up
+unpriced, and `TestDefaultTable_NoConflictingContributions` fails if two
+providers contribute the same (surface, model) at different rates. Bedrock
+entries are keyed by the **normalised** id the request parser emits (region
+prefix + version suffix stripped) — management applies the same normalisation to
+per-provider prices at synth time, so the two keys compare equal. Vertex Claude
+carries no Bedrock-style prefix, so it prices straight off the `anthropic`
+surface.
+
+## Things to scrutinise
+
+**Security.** The Vertex service-account key is never forwarded — only a minted
+short-lived bearer. Confirm the key material stays out of access logs (it lives
+on `ProviderRoute.GCPServiceAccountKeyB64`, not in any emitted metadata key).
+The unmeterable-publisher deny is the only thing standing between an
+operator-misconfigured Vertex provider and unmetered Gemini traffic; verify
+`vertexPublisherVendor` stays conservative (deny by default for unknown
+publishers).
+
+**Correctness.** `normalizeBedrockModel` is the join between the wire id and the
+pricing key — a model that normalises to something absent from the shipped
+pricing table meters at `cost.skipped=unknown_model` rather than failing the
+request. The
+`/bedrock` prefix strip must run on both the parser side (so the model is
+extracted) and the router side (so the upstream path is native); a regression in
+either silently breaks the other.
+
+**Metering caveats.** eu/apac cross-region Bedrock + Vertex profiles carry a
+~10% premium not modelled by base pricing — flagged in the catalog comment.
+Operators needing exact regional billing set per-provider prices on the model
+rows (or replace the default entries via `AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile`).
+
+## Cross-references
+
+- Router + request-parser detail: [31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md](31-proxy-middleware-builtin.md)
+- Bedrock parser + pricing + SSE / event-stream: [32-proxy-llm-parsers.md](32-proxy-llm-parsers.md)
+- Catalog → route synthesis + `keyfile::` handling: [21-management-agentnetwork.md](21-management-agentnetwork.md)
+- Overview: [../00-overview.md](../00-overview.md)
diff --git a/docs/io.netbird.client.plist b/docs/io.netbird.client.plist
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eec96d35b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/io.netbird.client.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<!--
+    NetBird MDM preferences (macOS) — bare plist for MDM platforms that
+    accept a managed-preferences plist tied to a bundle identifier
+    (e.g. JumpCloud "Mac Application Custom Settings", Mosyle "Custom
+    Settings", Jamf "Application & Custom Settings" → External
+    Application).
+
+    Bundle identifier (preference domain): io.netbird.client
+
+    The MDM provider will wrap this plist into a Configuration Profile
+    payload of type com.apple.ManagedClient.preferences and push it to
+    target devices via the Apple MDM protocol. The OS materializes the
+    final file at:
+        /Library/Managed Preferences/io.netbird.client.plist
+    which is what the NetBird daemon's client/mdm/policy_darwin.go
+    loader reads on every 1-minute MDM reload tick.
+
+    For MDM platforms that expect a full Configuration Profile instead
+    of a bare plist (Custom Configuration Profile / .mobileconfig upload),
+    use docs/netbird-macos.mobileconfig — same keys, additional Payload*
+    envelope.
+
+    Editing this file:
+      - Remove or comment out any key you do NOT want to enforce. The
+        daemon treats an absent key as "no enforcement" for that field.
+      - Keep the document well-formed XML. Validate locally with:
+            plutil -lint docs/io.netbird.client.plist
+      - Keys are camelCase; values are typed (<string>, <true/>, <false/>,
+        <integer>). See docs/src/pages/client/mdm-integration.mdx (the
+        public docs page) for the full reference.
+
+    Persistence caveat:
+      macOS wipes /Library/Managed Preferences/ at every boot on
+      devices that are NOT MDM-enrolled. This plist only sticks across
+      reboots when delivered through a real MDM channel. For local
+      testing on an un-enrolled host, write the file manually as root
+      and accept it will not survive the next boot.
+-->
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+
+    <!-- ===== Identity / auth ===== -->
+    <key>managementURL</key>
+    <string>https://api.netbird.io:443</string>
+
+    <!--
+        Pre-shared key: secret. Remove the entry entirely when not used;
+        do NOT leave an empty <string></string>, which the daemon would
+        otherwise treat as a deliberate empty-PSK enforcement.
+    -->
+    <!--
+    <key>preSharedKey</key>
+    <string>REPLACE_ME</string>
+    -->
+
+    <!-- ===== Engine / runtime behavior =====
+         Each key is optional. Remove or comment out to leave the
+         field unmanaged on the client. -->
+
+    <key>allowServerSSH</key>
+    <true/>
+
+    <!--
+    <key>disableAutoConnect</key>
+    <false/>
+
+    <key>disableAutostart</key>
+    <false/>
+
+    <key>disableClientRoutes</key>
+    <false/>
+
+    <key>disableServerRoutes</key>
+    <false/>
+
+    <key>blockInbound</key>
+    <false/>
+
+    <key>rosenpassEnabled</key>
+    <true/>
+
+    <key>rosenpassPermissive</key>
+    <false/>
+    -->
+
+    <!-- ===== Remote jobs (debug bundles) =====
+         allowRemoteJobs      : opt this device into management-requested
+                                remote jobs (e.g. debug bundles). Off by
+                                default; enabling is a privileged change.
+         debugBundleUploadURL : override the debug-bundle upload service URL
+                                for remote jobs (https URL with a host). Takes
+                                precedence over the management-supplied value. -->
+    <!--
+    <key>allowRemoteJobs</key>
+    <true/>
+
+    <key>debugBundleUploadURL</key>
+    <string>https://upload.example.com</string>
+    -->
+
+    <!-- ===== WireGuard UDP port =====
+         Range 1-65535. Omit to keep the daemon default. -->
+    <!--
+    <key>wireguardPort</key>
+    <integer>51820</integer>
+    -->
+
+    <!-- ===== UI / lockdown kill switches =====
+         disableUpdateSettings   : block every config change from UI and CLI
+                                   on this device (Settings view stays
+                                   readable but read-only).
+         disableProfiles         : hide the profile menu, reject profile CRUD.
+         disableNetworks         : hide the Networks / Exit Node menus,
+                                   reject the related RPCs.
+         disableAdvancedView     : hide the advanced-view section of the new
+                                   UI. Tristate at the daemon: set to true to
+                                   hide, false to explicitly show, omit the
+                                   key to let the UI apply its own default.
+         disableMetricsCollection: opt out of anonymous usage telemetry. -->
+    <!--
+    <key>disableUpdateSettings</key>
+    <true/>
+
+    <key>disableProfiles</key>
+    <true/>
+
+    <key>disableNetworks</key>
+    <true/>
+
+    <key>disableAdvancedView</key>
+    <true/>
+
+    <key>disableMetricsCollection</key>
+    <false/>
+    -->
+
+    <!-- ===== Split tunnel =====
+         Android-only at the client level. Safe to ship on macOS for
+         mixed-platform fleets; the macOS daemon parses and ignores. -->
+    <!--
+    <key>splitTunnelMode</key>
+    <string>allow</string>
+
+    <key>splitTunnelApps</key>
+    <string>com.acme.app1,com.acme.app2</string>
+    -->
+
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/docs/netbird-macos.mobileconfig b/docs/netbird-macos.mobileconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d886c283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/netbird-macos.mobileconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<!--
+    NetBird MDM configuration profile (macOS).
+
+    Wraps a `com.apple.ManagedClient.preferences` payload that pushes the
+    NetBird MDM policy into:
+        /Library/Managed Preferences/io.netbird.client.plist
+
+    Read at runtime by the netbird daemon's macOS loader
+    (client/mdm/policy_darwin.go — Phase 2). Key names match the canonical
+    lowerCamelCase form used in docs/netbird.admx and the mdm.Key*
+    constants in client/mdm/policy.go.
+
+    Bundle identifier: io.netbird.client
+        (confirm against the signed pkg before fleet roll-out)
+
+    Distribution:
+      - sign with `productsign --sign "Developer ID Installer: ..." ...`
+        before fleet roll-out (Apple-Configurator-2 won't install an
+        unsigned profile on Sonoma+ without user override).
+      - For local dev install: `sudo profiles install -path netbird-macos.mobileconfig`.
+      - For MDM (Jamf/Kandji/Mosyle/Intune): upload as a Custom Profile.
+
+    Editing:
+      - Replace UUID placeholders below with fresh UUIDs (`uuidgen` on
+        macOS) when forking this template for a real fleet — each
+        deployment should have unique UUIDs so the OS treats it as a
+        distinct profile.
+      - Tune the PayloadContent values to the policy you want to enforce.
+      - Remove any key you do NOT want to enforce (the daemon treats an
+        absent key as "no enforcement" for that field).
+
+    iOS note:
+      This file is macOS-specific. iOS uses managed app config via
+      UserDefaults[com.apple.configuration.managed] under a different
+      payload type (com.apple.app.configuration.managed); the wrapper
+      structure is the same but the inner payload dictionary differs.
+      See docs/netbird-ios.mobileconfig (Phase 5) when shipped.
+-->
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+    <!-- Outer profile envelope -->
+    <key>PayloadType</key>
+    <string>Configuration</string>
+    <key>PayloadVersion</key>
+    <integer>1</integer>
+    <key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
+    <string>io.netbird.client.mdm</string>
+    <key>PayloadUUID</key>
+    <string>11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111</string>
+    <key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
+    <string>NetBird MDM Policy</string>
+    <key>PayloadDescription</key>
+    <string>Enforces NetBird client configuration. Values written here override any local user / CLI / on-disk setting and are re-applied at every daemon boot and on every 1-minute MDM reload tick.</string>
+    <key>PayloadOrganization</key>
+    <string>NetBird</string>
+    <key>PayloadScope</key>
+    <string>System</string>
+    <key>PayloadRemovalDisallowed</key>
+    <false/>
+
+    <key>PayloadContent</key>
+    <array>
+        <dict>
+            <!-- Managed preferences payload: writes /Library/Managed Preferences/io.netbird.client.plist -->
+            <key>PayloadType</key>
+            <string>com.apple.ManagedClient.preferences</string>
+            <key>PayloadVersion</key>
+            <integer>1</integer>
+            <key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
+            <string>io.netbird.client.mdm.preferences</string>
+            <key>PayloadUUID</key>
+            <string>22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222</string>
+            <key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
+            <string>NetBird Managed Preferences</string>
+            <key>PayloadEnabled</key>
+            <true/>
+
+            <key>PayloadContent</key>
+            <dict>
+                <key>io.netbird.client</key>
+                <dict>
+                    <key>Forced</key>
+                    <array>
+                        <dict>
+                            <key>mcx_preference_settings</key>
+                            <dict>
+
+                                <!-- ===== Identity / auth (strings) ===== -->
+                                <key>managementURL</key>
+                                <string>https://api.netbird.io:443</string>
+
+                                <!-- Pre-shared key: secret. Remove the entry entirely
+                                     when not used; do NOT leave an empty string. -->
+                                <!--
+                                <key>preSharedKey</key>
+                                <string>REPLACE_ME</string>
+                                -->
+
+                                <!-- ===== Engine / runtime behavior (bool) =====
+                                     Remove any key to leave the field unmanaged. -->
+                                <!--
+                                <key>disableAutoConnect</key>
+                                <false/>
+                                <key>disableAutostart</key>
+                                <false/>
+                                <key>disableClientRoutes</key>
+                                <false/>
+                                <key>disableServerRoutes</key>
+                                <false/>
+                                <key>blockInbound</key>
+                                <false/>
+                                -->
+                                <key>allowServerSSH</key>
+                                <true/>
+                                <!--
+                                <key>rosenpassEnabled</key>
+                                <true/>
+                                <key>rosenpassPermissive</key>
+                                <false/>
+                                -->
+
+                                <!-- ===== Remote jobs (debug bundles) =====
+                                     allowRemoteJobs      : opt into management-requested
+                                                            remote jobs. Off by default.
+                                     debugBundleUploadURL : override the debug-bundle upload
+                                                            service (https URL with a host);
+                                                            precedence over the management value. -->
+                                <!--
+                                <key>allowRemoteJobs</key>
+                                <true/>
+                                <key>debugBundleUploadURL</key>
+                                <string>https://upload.example.com</string>
+                                -->
+
+                                <!-- ===== WireGuard UDP port (int) =====
+                                     Range 1-65535. Omit to keep the default. -->
+                                <!--
+                                <key>wireguardPort</key>
+                                <integer>51820</integer>
+                                -->
+
+                                <!-- ===== Split tunnel (Android-only at the daemon level)
+                                     Pushed harmlessly on macOS for fleets with mixed
+                                     desktop+mobile devices; the macOS daemon ignores it. -->
+                                <!--
+                                <key>splitTunnelMode</key>
+                                <string>allow</string>
+                                <key>splitTunnelApps</key>
+                                <string>com.acme.app1,com.acme.app2</string>
+                                -->
+
+                                <!-- ===== UI / kill switches (bool) ===== -->
+                                <!--
+                                <key>disableUpdateSettings</key>
+                                <true/>
+                                <key>disableProfiles</key>
+                                <true/>
+                                <key>disableNetworks</key>
+                                <true/>
+                                <key>disableAdvancedView</key>
+                                <true/>
+                                <key>disableMetricsCollection</key>
+                                <false/>
+                                -->
+
+                            </dict>
+                        </dict>
+                    </array>
+                </dict>
+            </dict>
+        </dict>
+    </array>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/docs/netbird-macos.sh b/docs/netbird-macos.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d57c557c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/netbird-macos.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# SYNOPSIS
+#   Push the NetBird MDM policy to a macOS device via JumpCloud Commands.
+#
+# DESCRIPTION
+#   This is the macOS counterpart of docs/netbird-policy.reg.ps1.
+#   It writes the values declared in the "POLICY VALUES" block below to
+#   the managed-preferences plist that the NetBird daemon's
+#   client/mdm/policy_darwin.go loader reads on every 1-minute MDM
+#   reload tick:
+#
+#       /Library/Managed Preferences/io.netbird.client.plist
+#
+#   Once the plist lands, the daemon picks up the new values without
+#   restart (the ticker calls Config.apply() → applyMDMPolicy() and
+#   restarts the engine on diff).
+#
+# DEPLOYMENT (JumpCloud)
+#   1. Admin Console -> Device Management -> Commands -> +.
+#   2. Type: Mac, Shell, Run as: root.
+#   3. Paste this file verbatim into the command body.
+#   4. Bind to the target system group, save, run.
+#
+# IMPORTANT: PERSISTENCE
+#   macOS wipes /Library/Managed Preferences/ at every boot on devices
+#   that are NOT MDM-enrolled. For a persistent fleet rollout, push the
+#   companion docs/netbird-macos.mobileconfig as a Custom Configuration
+#   Profile (Admin Console -> MDM -> Mac Custom Configuration Profiles)
+#   instead of this script. Use this script when:
+#     - the device is MDM-enrolled (file survives reboots), or
+#     - you need a one-shot test push before reboot, or
+#     - you orchestrate via JumpCloud Commands and want the same
+#       variable-driven workflow as the Windows .ps1 sibling.
+#
+# IDEMPOTENCY: re-running with the same values is a no-op from the
+# daemon's point of view (the 1-minute reload ticker diff returns empty).
+#
+# SECURITY: PreSharedKey (and any secret-bearing debugBundleUploadURL) is
+#   redacted in this script's log output, and the installed plist is 0600
+#   root:wheel so its values are not readable by local non-root users.
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+### POLICY VALUES — EDIT THIS BLOCK ###########################################
+#
+# Set each variable below to the desired value. Set to empty string ""
+# or to NULL to omit a key entirely (the daemon treats an absent key
+# as "no enforcement" for that field). Booleans use "true"/"false"
+# (lowercase). Integers as decimal.
+#
+# Reference for key names + accepted values:
+#   client/mdm/policy.go (Key* constants)
+#   docs/netbird-macos.mobileconfig (sample profile)
+#   docs/netbird.admx + .adml (Windows ADMX schema)
+#
+NULL='__UNSET__'
+managementURL='https://api.netbird.io:443'
+preSharedKey="$NULL"                       # secret; redacted in log
+allowServerSSH='true'
+allowRemoteJobs="$NULL"
+debugBundleUploadURL="$NULL"                # HTTPS URL with a host; overrides management
+blockInbound="$NULL"
+disableAutoConnect="$NULL"
+disableAutostart="$NULL"
+disableClientRoutes="$NULL"
+disableServerRoutes="$NULL"
+disableMetricsCollection="$NULL"
+disableUpdateSettings="$NULL"
+disableProfiles="$NULL"
+disableNetworks="$NULL"
+disableAdvancedView="$NULL"           # tristate at the daemon
+rosenpassEnabled="$NULL"
+rosenpassPermissive="$NULL"
+wireguardPort='51820'
+splitTunnelMode="$NULL"                    # "allow" or "disallow", Android-only at the daemon level
+splitTunnelApps="$NULL"                    # comma-separated app IDs, Android-only
+##############################################################################
+
+readonly PLIST_DIR='/Library/Managed Preferences'
+readonly PLIST_PATH="$PLIST_DIR/io.netbird.client.plist"
+readonly LOG_TAG='netbird-mdm'
+
+# log sends a message to the system logger using the configured tag and echoes the message to stdout prefixed by an ISO 8601 UTC timestamp and the tag.
+log() {
+  /usr/bin/logger -t "$LOG_TAG" "$*"
+  printf '%s [%s] %s\n' "$(date -u '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')" "$LOG_TAG" "$*"
+}
+
+# is_set returns success if the provided value is non-empty and is not equal to the special NULL marker.
+is_set() {
+  local value="$1"
+  [[ -n "$value" && "$value" != "$NULL" ]]
+}
+
+# start_plist creates the temporary plist file at "$PLIST_PATH.tmp" containing the XML plist header and opening `<dict>` for the policy plist.
+start_plist() {
+  cat > "$PLIST_PATH.tmp" <<'EOF'
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+EOF
+}
+
+# end_plist appends the closing `</dict>` and `</plist>` tags to the temporary plist file.
+end_plist() {
+  cat >> "$PLIST_PATH.tmp" <<'EOF'
+</dict>
+</plist>
+EOF
+}
+
+# emit_string appends a plist `<key>`/`<string>` entry for the given key and value to "$PLIST_PATH.tmp", XML-escaping `&`, `<`, and `>`, and logs the assignment (masking the logged value as `********** (secret)` for secret keys — `preSharedKey` and `debugBundleUploadURL`, which can embed credentials or a signed query token).
+emit_string() {
+  local key="$1" value="$2" log_value="$2"
+  # Escape XML entities in the value
+  local escaped
+  escaped="$(printf '%s' "$value" | sed -e 's/&/\&amp;/g' -e 's/</\&lt;/g' -e 's/>/\&gt;/g')"
+  printf '    <key>%s</key>\n    <string>%s</string>\n' "$key" "$escaped" >> "$PLIST_PATH.tmp"
+  case "$key" in
+    preSharedKey|debugBundleUploadURL) log_value='********** (secret)' ;;
+    *) ;;
+  esac
+  log "set $key = $log_value"
+}
+
+# is_bool returns success if the value is an accepted boolean token.
+is_bool() {
+  local value="$1"
+  case "$value" in
+    true|True|TRUE|1|yes|false|False|FALSE|0|no) return 0 ;;
+    *) return 1 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# emit_bool writes a boolean plist entry for a key when the provided value matches
+# an accepted boolean token; logs an error and skips the key on invalid input.
+# It returns success even on invalid input (like emit_int) so a single typo in one
+# boolean does not abort the whole policy push under `set -euo pipefail`. Callers
+# that must fail closed on an invalid value (e.g. allowRemoteJobs) validate with
+# is_bool before calling and substitute a safe default themselves.
+emit_bool() {
+  local key="$1" value="$2"
+  local xml_bool
+  case "$value" in
+    true|True|TRUE|1|yes)  xml_bool='<true/>'  ; value='true'  ;;
+    false|False|FALSE|0|no) xml_bool='<false/>' ; value='false' ;;
+    *) log "invalid boolean for $key: $value (must be true/false); skipping"; return ;;
+  esac
+  printf '    <key>%s</key>\n    %s\n' "$key" "$xml_bool" >> "$PLIST_PATH.tmp"
+  log "set $key = $value"
+}
+
+# emit_int validates that VALUE contains only decimal digits and, if valid, appends an `<integer>` plist entry for KEY to the temporary plist (`$PLIST_PATH.tmp`) and logs the assignment; on invalid input it logs a skip and does not emit the key.
+emit_int() {
+  local key="$1" value="$2"
+  if ! [[ "$value" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+    log "invalid integer for $key: $value (must be decimal); skipping"
+    return
+  fi
+  printf '    <key>%s</key>\n    <integer>%s</integer>\n' "$key" "$value" >> "$PLIST_PATH.tmp"
+  log "set $key = $value"
+}
+
+# main builds the NetBird MDM plist from configured policy variables, validates and installs it to /Library/Managed Preferences/io.netbird.client.plist (root:wheel, 600 — the daemon reads it directly as root, so it need not be world-readable) and optionally triggers the NetBird daemon to reload.
+main() {
+  log "applying NetBird MDM policy to $PLIST_PATH"
+  # Restrict the temp plist while it is being built: it carries the same
+  # secret-bearing values as the final file, which is installed 0600 below.
+  umask 077
+  /bin/mkdir -p "$PLIST_DIR"
+  start_plist
+  # Force 0600 on the temp file explicitly: start_plist writes it with a
+  # truncating redirect, which keeps an existing file's mode, so a leftover
+  # 0644 tmp from an interrupted run would not be tightened by umask alone.
+  # start_plist only wrote the header so far — the secret-bearing values are
+  # appended after this point.
+  /bin/chmod 600 "$PLIST_PATH.tmp"
+
+  is_set "$managementURL"             && emit_string  managementURL             "$managementURL"
+  is_set "$preSharedKey"              && emit_string  preSharedKey              "$preSharedKey"
+  is_set "$allowServerSSH"            && emit_bool    allowServerSSH            "$allowServerSSH"
+  # Fail closed: an invalid allowRemoteJobs value must not drop the key and
+  # leave a conflicting local opt-in active — enforce the safe default (false).
+  if is_set "$allowRemoteJobs"; then
+    if is_bool "$allowRemoteJobs"; then
+      emit_bool allowRemoteJobs "$allowRemoteJobs"
+    else
+      log "invalid boolean for allowRemoteJobs: $allowRemoteJobs; enforcing safe default (false)"
+      emit_bool allowRemoteJobs false
+    fi
+  fi
+  is_set "$debugBundleUploadURL"      && emit_string  debugBundleUploadURL      "$debugBundleUploadURL"
+  is_set "$blockInbound"              && emit_bool    blockInbound              "$blockInbound"
+  is_set "$disableAutoConnect"        && emit_bool    disableAutoConnect        "$disableAutoConnect"
+  is_set "$disableAutostart"          && emit_bool    disableAutostart          "$disableAutostart"
+  is_set "$disableClientRoutes"       && emit_bool    disableClientRoutes       "$disableClientRoutes"
+  is_set "$disableServerRoutes"       && emit_bool    disableServerRoutes       "$disableServerRoutes"
+  is_set "$disableMetricsCollection"  && emit_bool    disableMetricsCollection  "$disableMetricsCollection"
+  is_set "$disableUpdateSettings"     && emit_bool    disableUpdateSettings     "$disableUpdateSettings"
+  is_set "$disableProfiles"           && emit_bool    disableProfiles           "$disableProfiles"
+  is_set "$disableNetworks"           && emit_bool    disableNetworks           "$disableNetworks"
+  is_set "$disableAdvancedView"       && emit_bool    disableAdvancedView       "$disableAdvancedView"
+  is_set "$rosenpassEnabled"          && emit_bool    rosenpassEnabled          "$rosenpassEnabled"
+  is_set "$rosenpassPermissive"       && emit_bool    rosenpassPermissive       "$rosenpassPermissive"
+  is_set "$wireguardPort"             && emit_int     wireguardPort             "$wireguardPort"
+  is_set "$splitTunnelMode"           && emit_string  splitTunnelMode           "$splitTunnelMode"
+  is_set "$splitTunnelApps"           && emit_string  splitTunnelApps           "$splitTunnelApps"
+
+  end_plist
+
+  if ! /usr/bin/plutil -lint "$PLIST_PATH.tmp" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    log "ERROR: generated plist failed plutil lint; not installing"
+    /usr/bin/plutil -lint "$PLIST_PATH.tmp" >&2 || true
+    /bin/rm -f "$PLIST_PATH.tmp"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  /bin/mv -f "$PLIST_PATH.tmp" "$PLIST_PATH"
+  /usr/sbin/chown root:wheel "$PLIST_PATH"
+  # 0600, not 0644: the daemon's loader (client/mdm/policy_darwin.go) opens the
+  # plist directly as root, so it does not need to be world-readable. Restricting
+  # it keeps secret-bearing values (preSharedKey, a signed debugBundleUploadURL)
+  # from any local non-root user. The loader's only mode check refuses a
+  # world-writable file, which 0600 satisfies.
+  /bin/chmod 600 "$PLIST_PATH"
+
+  log "policy installed; NetBird daemon will pick it up within the next 1-minute reload tick"
+
+  # Optional: kick the daemon for an immediate apply. Safe — does
+  # nothing on a host where NetBird is not yet installed.
+  /bin/launchctl kickstart -k system/io.netbird.client 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+main "$@"
diff --git a/docs/netbird-policy.reg b/docs/netbird-policy.reg
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d116e4c77
Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/netbird-policy.reg differ
diff --git a/docs/netbird-policy.reg.ps1 b/docs/netbird-policy.reg.ps1
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..011d706dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/netbird-policy.reg.ps1
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#requires -Version 5.1
+<#
+.SYNOPSIS
+  Push the NetBird MDM policy to a Windows device via JumpCloud Commands
+  by importing a sidecar netbird-policy.reg file.
+
+.DESCRIPTION
+  Windows counterpart of docs/netbird-macos.sh. Outcome:
+  HKLM\Software\Policies\NetBird populated from the attached
+  netbird-policy.reg file, daemon picks up the change via the
+  1-minute MDM reload ticker.
+
+  Deployment:
+    1. Admin Console -> Device Management -> Commands -> +.
+    2. Type: Windows PowerShell. Run as: SYSTEM.
+    3. Paste this file verbatim into the command body.
+    4. In the same command, attach `netbird-policy.reg` as a file.
+       JumpCloud copies attached files into the command's working
+       directory before invoking the script, so `$PSScriptRoot` or
+       Get-Location resolves to where the .reg lives.
+    5. Bind to the target system group, save, run.
+
+  Producing the .reg file:
+    On a reference machine, after configuring the policy values either
+    via gpedit (GPO) or manual `reg add`, export with:
+
+        reg export "HKLM\Software\Policies\NetBird" netbird-policy.reg /y
+
+    Then attach the resulting file to the JumpCloud command.
+
+  Semantics:
+    - The script nukes the existing HKLM\Software\Policies\NetBird key
+      before importing the .reg, so the .reg is the SINGLE SOURCE OF
+      TRUTH. Any value present in the registry but absent from the .reg
+      is removed. This is what an MDM admin almost always wants.
+    - Setting the .reg to an empty (header-only) file effectively unsets
+      the policy.
+
+  Idempotency: re-running the script with the same .reg is a no-op from
+  the daemon's perspective (values identical → 1-min ticker sees no
+  diff → engine not restarted).
+
+  Exit codes: 0 = success; 1 = .reg missing or reg.exe error.
+#>
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = "Stop"
+
+$RegFileName = "netbird-policy.reg"
+$RegKey      = "HKLM\Software\Policies\NetBird"
+
+# Resolve the attached .reg file: JumpCloud copies command attachments
+# into C:\Windows\Temp\ before invoking the script. Cwd / $PSScriptRoot
+# fallbacks cover the local-dev case where you might dot-source this
+# from elsewhere.
+$candidates = @(
+    (Join-Path "$env:WINDIR\Temp" $RegFileName)
+    (Join-Path (Get-Location)     $RegFileName)
+    (Join-Path $PSScriptRoot      $RegFileName)
+) | Where-Object { Test-Path $_ }
+
+if ($candidates.Count -eq 0) {
+    Write-Error "[netbird-mdm] $RegFileName not found in working directory or `$PSScriptRoot. Attach the file to the JumpCloud command."
+    exit 1
+}
+$regFile = $candidates[0]
+Write-Host "[netbird-mdm] using $regFile"
+
+# Wipe the existing policy key so the .reg is authoritative.
+$existed = Test-Path "Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\NetBird"
+if ($existed) {
+    & reg.exe delete $RegKey /f | Out-Null
+    if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+        Write-Error "[netbird-mdm] failed to clear $RegKey before import (exit $LASTEXITCODE)"
+        exit 1
+    }
+    Write-Host "[netbird-mdm] cleared previous values under $RegKey"
+}
+
+# Import. reg.exe writes both data and (re-)creates the key if needed.
+& reg.exe import $regFile
+if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+    Write-Error "[netbird-mdm] reg import failed (exit $LASTEXITCODE)"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# Audit dump so the JumpCloud per-execution log captures the applied state.
+Write-Host "[netbird-mdm] final policy state under $RegKey :"
+& reg.exe query $RegKey /s
+
+# Daemon's 1-min reload ticker picks up the change automatically.
+# Uncomment to force immediate convergence (skips the ticker wait):
+#   Restart-Service netbird -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/docs/netbird.adml b/docs/netbird.adml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05cfb71ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/netbird.adml
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<policyDefinitionResources xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+                           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+                           revision="1.0"
+                           schemaVersion="1.0"
+                           xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/GroupPolicy/2006/07/PolicyDefinitions">
+  <displayName>NetBird Client Policies</displayName>
+  <description>Group Policy template for NetBird client MDM-managed settings. Values are written under HKLM\Software\Policies\NetBird and consumed by the netbird daemon at startup and every 1-minute reload tick.</description>
+  <resources>
+    <stringTable>
+
+      <!-- Categories -->
+      <string id="NetBird_Category">NetBird</string>
+      <string id="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All">NetBird Client 0.40+</string>
+
+      <!-- Identity / auth -->
+      <string id="ManagementURL_Name">Management URL</string>
+      <string id="ManagementURL_Help">URL of the NetBird management server. Format: https://host[:port]. When set, users cannot override this value via UI or CLI.</string>
+
+      <string id="PreSharedKey_Name">Pre-shared key</string>
+      <string id="PreSharedKey_Help">WireGuard pre-shared key used as an additional symmetric secret on every peer-to-peer tunnel. Secret value.</string>
+
+      <!-- Settings: engine / runtime behavior -->
+      <string id="DisableAutoConnect_Name">Disable auto-connect</string>
+      <string id="DisableAutoConnect_Help">When enabled, the NetBird tunnel does not auto-connect at daemon startup. Equivalent to --disable-auto-connect.</string>
+
+      <string id="DisableAutostart_Name">Disable autostart</string>
+      <string id="DisableAutostart_Help">When enabled, the NetBird GUI is prevented from registering itself as an OS autostart entry on fresh installs, and any existing OS autostart entry registration is removed on the next GUI launch (Windows Registry Run key, macOS Login Item, Linux .desktop). Once the admin lifts the policy, the setting stays off until the user re-enables it in Settings.</string>
+
+      <string id="DisableClientRoutes_Name">Disable client routes</string>
+      <string id="DisableClientRoutes_Help">When enabled, this client will not consume routes advertised by routing peers. Equivalent to --disable-client-routes.</string>
+
+      <string id="DisableServerRoutes_Name">Disable server routes</string>
+      <string id="DisableServerRoutes_Help">When enabled, this client will not act as a routing peer for other clients. Equivalent to --disable-server-routes.</string>
+
+      <string id="BlockInbound_Name">Block inbound</string>
+      <string id="BlockInbound_Help">When enabled, the client firewall blocks all inbound peer traffic on the WireGuard interface. Equivalent to --block-inbound.</string>
+
+      <string id="AllowServerSSH_Name">Allow server SSH</string>
+      <string id="AllowServerSSH_Help">When enabled, this client accepts incoming SSH sessions via NetBird SSH. Equivalent to --allow-server-ssh.</string>
+
+      <string id="AllowRemoteJobs_Name">Allow remote jobs</string>
+      <string id="AllowRemoteJobs_Help">When enabled, this client accepts management-requested remote jobs (e.g. debug bundles). Off by default. Equivalent to --allow-remote-jobs.</string>
+
+      <string id="DebugBundleUploadURL_Name">Debug bundle upload URL</string>
+      <string id="DebugBundleUploadURL_Help">Overrides the upload service used for debug bundles produced by remote jobs, taking precedence over the value requested by management. Must be an https URL with a host.</string>
+
+      <string id="RosenpassEnabled_Name">Enable Rosenpass</string>
+      <string id="RosenpassEnabled_Help">Enables Rosenpass post-quantum key exchange on WireGuard tunnels. Both peers must support it.</string>
+
+      <string id="RosenpassPermissive_Name">Rosenpass permissive</string>
+      <string id="RosenpassPermissive_Help">When enabled, the client falls back to plain WireGuard if a peer does not support Rosenpass; otherwise it refuses the connection.</string>
+
+      <string id="WireguardPort_Name">WireGuard port</string>
+      <string id="WireguardPort_Help">UDP port used by the local WireGuard interface. Allowed range: 1-65535.</string>
+
+      <string id="SplitTunnel_Name">Split tunnel</string>
+      <string id="SplitTunnel_Help">Restrict the NetBird tunnel to or from a chosen list of application package names. Choose either the allow mode (only the listed apps route through NetBird) or the disallow mode (the listed apps bypass NetBird; everything else routes through). The mode is mutually exclusive — only one can be active at a time. Android-only at the daemon level; Windows/macOS/iOS clients ignore this policy.</string>
+      <string id="SplitTunnel_Allow">Allow only listed apps (everything else bypasses)</string>
+      <string id="SplitTunnel_Disallow">Disallow listed apps (everything else routes)</string>
+
+      <!-- UI -->
+      <string id="DisableUpdateSettings_Name">Disable update settings</string>
+      <string id="DisableUpdateSettings_Help">When enabled, blocks every configuration change from the client UI and from the CLI (netbird up / login / setconfig). The Settings view stays viewable but read-only. Equivalent to --disable-update-settings.</string>
+
+      <string id="DisableProfiles_Name">Disable profiles</string>
+      <string id="DisableProfiles_Help">When enabled, the client UI/CLI cannot list, create, switch or remove NetBird connection profiles. Equivalent to --disable-profiles.</string>
+
+      <string id="DisableNetworks_Name">Disable networks</string>
+      <string id="DisableNetworks_Help">When enabled, the client UI/CLI cannot list, select or deselect NetBird networks (the corresponding daemon RPCs return Unavailable). Equivalent to --disable-networks.</string>
+
+      <string id="DisableAdvancedView_Name">Disable advanced view</string>
+      <string id="DisableAdvancedView_Help">When enabled, the client UI hides the advanced-view section of the new UI revision. Tristate at the daemon: 1 (enabled) hides the section; 0 (disabled) explicitly shows it; not configured leaves the UI's default behavior in place. MDM is the sole source — no equivalent CLI flag exists.</string>
+
+      <string id="DisableMetricsCollection_Name">Disable metrics collection</string>
+      <string id="DisableMetricsCollection_Help">When enabled, the client does not collect or report local usage metrics.</string>
+
+    </stringTable>
+    <presentationTable>
+
+      <presentation id="ManagementURL_Pres">
+        <textBox refId="ManagementURL_Text">
+          <label>Management URL:</label>
+          <defaultValue>https://api.netbird.io:443</defaultValue>
+        </textBox>
+      </presentation>
+
+      <presentation id="DebugBundleUploadURL_Pres">
+        <textBox refId="DebugBundleUploadURL_Text">
+          <label>Debug bundle upload URL:</label>
+        </textBox>
+      </presentation>
+
+      <presentation id="PreSharedKey_Pres">
+        <textBox refId="PreSharedKey_Text">
+          <label>Pre-shared key:</label>
+        </textBox>
+      </presentation>
+
+      <presentation id="WireguardPort_Pres">
+        <decimalTextBox refId="WireguardPort_Decimal" defaultValue="51820">WireGuard UDP port:</decimalTextBox>
+      </presentation>
+
+      <presentation id="SplitTunnel_Pres">
+        <dropdownList refId="SplitTunnel_Mode" defaultItem="0">Mode:</dropdownList>
+        <textBox refId="SplitTunnel_Apps">
+          <label>Package names (comma-separated):</label>
+        </textBox>
+      </presentation>
+
+    </presentationTable>
+  </resources>
+</policyDefinitionResources>
diff --git a/docs/netbird.admx b/docs/netbird.admx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a188cff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/netbird.admx
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<policyDefinitions xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+                   revision="1.0"
+                   schemaVersion="1.0"
+                   xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/GroupPolicy/2006/07/PolicyDefinitions">
+  <policyNamespaces>
+    <target prefix="netbird" namespace="NetBird.Policies.Client" />
+  </policyNamespaces>
+  <resources minRequiredRevision="1.0" />
+  <supportedOn>
+    <definitions>
+      <definition name="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" displayName="$(string.SUPPORTED_NetBird_All)" />
+    </definitions>
+  </supportedOn>
+  <categories>
+    <category name="NetBird" displayName="$(string.NetBird_Category)" />
+  </categories>
+  <policies>
+
+    <!-- ============================================================ -->
+    <!-- TOP-LEVEL: foundational identity / authentication              -->
+    <!-- ============================================================ -->
+
+    <policy name="ManagementURL"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.ManagementURL_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.ManagementURL_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            presentation="$(presentation.ManagementURL_Pres)">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <elements>
+        <text id="ManagementURL_Text" valueName="ManagementURL" required="true" />
+      </elements>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="PreSharedKey"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.PreSharedKey_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.PreSharedKey_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            presentation="$(presentation.PreSharedKey_Pres)">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <elements>
+        <text id="PreSharedKey_Text" valueName="PreSharedKey" />
+      </elements>
+    </policy>
+
+    <!-- ============================================================ -->
+    <!-- SETTINGS: engine / runtime / connection behavior              -->
+    <!-- ============================================================ -->
+
+    <policy name="DisableAutoConnect"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DisableAutoConnect_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DisableAutoConnect_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="DisableAutoConnect">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="DisableAutostart"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DisableAutostart_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DisableAutostart_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="DisableAutostart">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="DisableClientRoutes"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DisableClientRoutes_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DisableClientRoutes_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="DisableClientRoutes">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="DisableServerRoutes"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DisableServerRoutes_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DisableServerRoutes_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="DisableServerRoutes">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="BlockInbound"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.BlockInbound_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.BlockInbound_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="BlockInbound">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="AllowServerSSH"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.AllowServerSSH_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.AllowServerSSH_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="AllowServerSSH">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="AllowRemoteJobs"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.AllowRemoteJobs_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.AllowRemoteJobs_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="AllowRemoteJobs">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="DebugBundleUploadURL"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DebugBundleUploadURL_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DebugBundleUploadURL_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            presentation="$(presentation.DebugBundleUploadURL_Pres)">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <elements>
+        <text id="DebugBundleUploadURL_Text" valueName="DebugBundleUploadURL" required="false" />
+      </elements>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="RosenpassEnabled"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.RosenpassEnabled_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.RosenpassEnabled_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="RosenpassEnabled">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="RosenpassPermissive"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.RosenpassPermissive_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.RosenpassPermissive_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="RosenpassPermissive">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="WireguardPort"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.WireguardPort_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.WireguardPort_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            presentation="$(presentation.WireguardPort_Pres)">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <elements>
+        <decimal id="WireguardPort_Decimal" valueName="WireguardPort"
+                 minValue="1" maxValue="65535" required="true" />
+      </elements>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="SplitTunnel"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.SplitTunnel_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.SplitTunnel_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            presentation="$(presentation.SplitTunnel_Pres)">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <elements>
+        <enum id="SplitTunnel_Mode" valueName="SplitTunnelMode" required="true">
+          <item displayName="$(string.SplitTunnel_Allow)"><value><string>allow</string></value></item>
+          <item displayName="$(string.SplitTunnel_Disallow)"><value><string>disallow</string></value></item>
+        </enum>
+        <text id="SplitTunnel_Apps" valueName="SplitTunnelApps" required="true" />
+      </elements>
+    </policy>
+
+    <!-- ============================================================ -->
+    <!-- UI: visibility / UX kill switches                             -->
+    <!-- ============================================================ -->
+
+    <policy name="DisableUpdateSettings"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DisableUpdateSettings_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DisableUpdateSettings_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="DisableUpdateSettings">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="DisableProfiles"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DisableProfiles_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DisableProfiles_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="DisableProfiles">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="DisableNetworks"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DisableNetworks_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DisableNetworks_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="DisableNetworks">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="DisableAdvancedView"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DisableAdvancedView_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DisableAdvancedView_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="DisableAdvancedView">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+    <policy name="DisableMetricsCollection"
+            class="Machine"
+            displayName="$(string.DisableMetricsCollection_Name)"
+            explainText="$(string.DisableMetricsCollection_Help)"
+            key="Software\Policies\NetBird"
+            valueName="DisableMetricsCollection">
+      <parentCategory ref="NetBird" />
+      <supportedOn ref="SUPPORTED_NetBird_All" />
+      <enabledValue><decimal value="1" /></enabledValue>
+      <disabledValue><decimal value="0" /></disabledValue>
+    </policy>
+
+  </policies>
+</policyDefinitions>
diff --git a/docs/testing-privileged.md b/docs/testing-privileged.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72e8a0f8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/testing-privileged.md
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Privileged tests
+
+Some tests in this repo need `root` or mutate host network state: they create
+TUN/WireGuard interfaces, open netlink/raw sockets, run eBPF programs, or shell
+out to `ip`/`iptables`/`nft`/`ifconfig`/`route`. Running them on a developer
+machine would require `sudo` and could leave stray interfaces or routes behind.
+
+These tests are gated behind the **`privileged` build tag** so the default test
+run is host-safe.
+
+## Running tests
+
+```bash
+# Host-safe: excludes privileged tests. Runs as a normal user, no sudo.
+make test-unit
+# equivalently:
+go test -tags devcert ./...
+
+# Privileged suite: runs the privileged-tagged tests inside a
+# --privileged --cap-add=NET_ADMIN container (requires Docker).
+make test-privileged
+
+# Narrow the container run to a single test / package:
+PRIV_RUN=TestNftablesManager PRIV_PKGS=./client/firewall/nftables/... make test-privileged
+```
+
+`PRIV_RUN` adds a `-run` test-name filter and `PRIV_PKGS` overrides the package
+list; both are optional and default to the full privileged suite.
+
+`make test-privileged` invokes the `ory/dockertest` harness in
+`client/testutil/privileged/`. The harness:
+
+1. Skips immediately when it detects it is already inside the container
+   (`DOCKER_CI=true`), so the privileged tests run in place instead of recursing.
+2. Otherwise spins up a `golang:1.26.7-alpine` container (matching CI),
+   bind-mounts the repo and the host Go build/module caches, installs the
+   required packages, and runs `go test -tags 'devcert privileged'` over the
+   client packages.
+3. Streams the container's output to the test log and fails if the suite fails.
+
+## Adding a privileged test
+
+A test is privileged if it does any of:
+
+- creates a real interface via `iface.NewWGIFace(...).Create()`,
+- opens a netlink or raw socket that hard-fails without `CAP_NET_ADMIN`,
+- runs an eBPF program (`ebpf.*.Listen()`),
+- shells out to `ip`, `iptables`, `nft`, `ifconfig`, or `route` to change state.
+
+Add the tag to the **top** of the file, combined with any existing platform
+constraint:
+
+```go
+//go:build privileged && linux
+
+package foo
+```
+
+If a file mixes privileged and pure-logic tests, **split it**: keep the pure
+tests (and any shared data — type/var declarations, table-driven `testCases`,
+helper interfaces) in an untagged file, and move the privileged tests into a
+`*_privileged_test.go` file with the tag. Shared declarations must stay untagged,
+otherwise the unprivileged files in the package will not compile.
+
+Always verify both build modes compile on every target platform:
+
+```bash
+go vet -tags devcert ./...
+go vet -tags 'devcert privileged' ./...
+```
+
+## CI
+
+- The `Client / Unit` job runs `go test -tags devcert` with **no** `sudo` — only
+  host-safe tests.
+- The `Client (Docker) / Unit` job runs `go test -tags 'devcert privileged'`
+  inside a `--privileged --cap-add=NET_ADMIN` container, which is where the
+  privileged tests actually execute.
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/agent_config_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/agent_config_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58bfddab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/agent_config_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// joinGroup places the PAT's own user into the group so caller-scoped answers
+// (GET /api/agent-network/agent-config) see the policies sourced from it, and
+// restores the previous auto-groups on cleanup. Self-service updates of one's
+// own auto_groups are permitted for every role, so this needs no second user.
+func joinGroup(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, groupID string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	me, err := srv.API().Users.Current(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read current user")
+	before := append([]string(nil), me.AutoGroups...)
+	_, err = srv.API().Users.Update(ctx, me.Id, api.PutApiUsersUserIdJSONRequestBody{
+		Role:       me.Role,
+		IsBlocked:  me.IsBlocked,
+		AutoGroups: append(append([]string(nil), before...), groupID),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add the caller to the policy source group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_, _ = srv.API().Users.Update(context.Background(), me.Id, api.PutApiUsersUserIdJSONRequestBody{
+			Role:       me.Role,
+			IsBlocked:  me.IsBlocked,
+			AutoGroups: before,
+		})
+	})
+}
+
+// configProvider returns the agent-config entry for the named provider, nil
+// when the answer does not offer it. The suite shares one account, so other
+// tests' fixtures may add unrelated providers to the caller's answer.
+func configProvider(cfg api.AgentNetworkAgentConfig, name string) *api.AgentNetworkAgentConfigProvider {
+	for i := range cfg.Providers {
+		if cfg.Providers[i].Name == name {
+			return &cfg.Providers[i]
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TestAgentConfigAllowlistOfDeclaredModels reproduces the post-#7221 field
+// report: a provider carrying a declared model set plus a policy guardrail
+// whose allowlist holds those same declared ids must advertise the models on
+// GET /api/agent-network/agent-config — the guardrail was built FROM the
+// provider's model list (the dashboard's allowlist picker persists the
+// declared ids verbatim), so nothing about the setup excludes them.
+//
+// The plain case passes today. The path-style case (Bedrock; Vertex has the
+// same shape) fails: the declared id is compared through the proxy parser's
+// canonical form (region prefix and version suffix stripped) while the
+// allowlist entry is not, so the raw-vs-raw pair never intersects and the
+// caller sees an empty model list. The same one-sided normalization sits in
+// policyPermitsModel, so the proxy also denies the model at request time —
+// the guardrail meant to allow exactly this model turns it off end to end.
+func TestAgentConfigAllowlistOfDeclaredModels(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name      string
+		catalogID string
+		upstream  string
+		declared  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "plain-declared-id",
+			catalogID: "openai_api",
+			upstream:  "https://api.openai.com",
+			declared:  "gpt-4o-mini",
+		},
+		{
+			// The operator declares the id AWS issues — region-prefixed
+			// inference profile with a version suffix — and the allowlist
+			// picker copies it as-is.
+			name:      "bedrock-declared-id",
+			catalogID: "bedrock_api",
+			upstream:  "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+			declared:  "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-agentcfg-" + tc.name})
+			require.NoError(t, err, "create source group")
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+			joinGroup(t, ctx, grp.Id)
+
+			providerName := "e2e-agentcfg-" + tc.name
+			prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+				Name:        providerName,
+				ProviderId:  tc.catalogID,
+				UpstreamUrl: tc.upstream,
+				ApiKey:      ptr("sk-dummy-e2e-key"),
+				Enabled:     ptr(true),
+				Models:      &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{{Id: tc.declared, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002}},
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err, "create provider")
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+			// Allowlist exactly the declared model, the way the dashboard
+			// builds a guardrail from the provider's model list.
+			var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+			gr.Name = "e2e-agentcfg-" + tc.name
+			gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+			gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = []string{tc.declared}
+			guard, err := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "create guardrail")
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), guard.Id) })
+
+			pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+				Name:                   "e2e-agentcfg-" + tc.name,
+				Enabled:                ptr(true),
+				SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+				DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+				GuardrailIds:           &[]string{guard.Id},
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+			cfg, err := srv.GetAgentConfig(ctx)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "read the caller-scoped agent config")
+			require.True(t, cfg.Configured, "the account endpoint is bootstrapped by TestMain")
+
+			entry := configProvider(cfg, providerName)
+			require.NotNil(t, entry, "the policy authorizes the caller for the provider, so it must be offered")
+			assert.False(t, entry.AllModelsAllowed, "an allowlist guardrail restricts the provider")
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{tc.declared}, entry.Models,
+				"the allowlist holds the provider's own declared id, so that model must be advertised")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/bootstrap_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/bootstrap_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a73d55117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/bootstrap_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestCombinedBootstrap proves Pillar 1: the shared combined server came up and
+// the /api/setup-minted PAT authenticates a real management API call through
+// the typed REST client (the bootstrap itself ran in TestMain).
+func TestCombinedBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NotEmpty(t, srv.PAT, "TestMain must have minted an admin PAT")
+
+	users, err := srv.API().Users.List(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "authenticated Users.List must round-trip")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, users, "the bootstrapped account must have at least one user")
+
+	var emails []string
+	for _, u := range users {
+		emails = append(emails, u.Email)
+	}
+	assert.Contains(t, emails, "admin@netbird.test", "the bootstrapped owner should appear in the users list")
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/chat_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/chat_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..792f67c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/chat_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// per1k is a model's published USD rates per 1k tokens. read is the prompt-cache read rate
+// (OpenAI: the cached-input discount rate); write is the cache-creation rate where one exists.
+type per1k struct{ in, out, read, write float64 }
+
+// publishedPer1k hardcodes the vendors' PUBLISHED rates for the models the live matrix can drive,
+// keyed by the normalized model id the proxy stamps. Deliberately independent of NetBird's own
+// default pricing table so a wrong default rate or a broken normalization fails the run.
+//
+// These rates are also what providerRequest registers as the operator's per-model prices. Since
+// management now ships operator prices to the cost meter as a per-provider-record table that is
+// consulted BEFORE the surface defaults, registering the published rate is what keeps this matrix
+// asserting vendor rates — and exercises the per-record path at the same time.
+var publishedPer1k = map[string]per1k{
+	"gpt-4o-mini":                 {0.00015, 0.0006, 0.000075, 0},
+	"gpt-4o":                      {0.0025, 0.01, 0.00125, 0},
+	"claude-haiku-4-5":            {0.001, 0.005, 0.0001, 0.00125},
+	"claude-sonnet-4-5":           {0.003, 0.015, 0.0003, 0.00375},
+	"claude-sonnet-4-6":           {0.003, 0.015, 0.0003, 0.00375},
+	"kimi-k3":                     {0.003, 0.015, 0.0003, 0.003}, // no published write rate: bills at the input rate
+	"anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5":  {0.001, 0.005, 0.0001, 0.00125},
+	"anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5": {0.003, 0.015, 0.0003, 0.00375},
+	"anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6": {0.003, 0.015, 0.0003, 0.00375},
+	// Gateway-prefixed ids (Vercel AI Gateway, OpenRouter). A gateway model is not in
+	// NetBird's default table, so before operator pricing it could only be recorded at
+	// cost 0. The operator names it and prices it — at the underlying vendor's published
+	// rate, which is what the gateway charges through — so these rows are now priced.
+	"openai/gpt-4o-mini": {0.00015, 0.0006, 0.000075, 0},
+	"openai/gpt-4o":      {0.0025, 0.01, 0.00125, 0},
+}
+
+// rawCostVerificationSQL is the operator-facing double-check, run straight against the management
+// sqlite store: recompute each usage row's expected total and cache cost from its own persisted
+// token buckets and hardcoded published rates. OpenAI counts cached tokens as a subset of input;
+// Anthropic-shape providers count cache buckets additively.
+//
+// The rate rows must stay in sync with publishedPer1k — they are the same vendor rates the matrix
+// registers as operator prices. The join is on model, so rows written by other tests in this
+// package (which price their own made-up model ids) are simply not covered here.
+const rawCostVerificationSQL = `
+WITH rates(model, in_rate, out_rate, read_rate, write_rate) AS (
+  VALUES
+    ('gpt-4o-mini',                 0.00015, 0.0006, 0.000075, 0.0),
+    ('gpt-4o',                      0.0025,  0.01,   0.00125,  0.0),
+    ('claude-haiku-4-5',            0.001,   0.005,  0.0001,   0.00125),
+    ('claude-sonnet-4-5',           0.003,   0.015,  0.0003,   0.00375),
+    ('claude-sonnet-4-6',           0.003,   0.015,  0.0003,   0.00375),
+    ('kimi-k3',                     0.003,   0.015,  0.0003,   0.003),
+    ('anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5',  0.001,   0.005,  0.0001,   0.00125),
+    ('anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5', 0.003,   0.015,  0.0003,   0.00375),
+    ('anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6', 0.003,   0.015,  0.0003,   0.00375),
+    ('openai/gpt-4o-mini',          0.00015, 0.0006, 0.000075, 0.0),
+    ('openai/gpt-4o',               0.0025,  0.01,   0.00125,  0.0)
+)
+SELECT
+  u.provider,
+  u.model,
+  u.input_tokens,
+  u.output_tokens,
+  u.cached_input_tokens,
+  u.cache_creation_tokens,
+  u.input_cost_usd,
+  u.cached_input_cost_usd,
+  u.cache_creation_cost_usd,
+  u.output_cost_usd,
+  -- No cost_usd / cache_cost_usd columns are stored: both are derived from the
+  -- four per-bucket columns above, exactly as the API renders them.
+  (u.input_cost_usd + u.cached_input_cost_usd + u.cache_creation_cost_usd + u.output_cost_usd) AS cost_usd,
+  (u.cached_input_cost_usd + u.cache_creation_cost_usd) AS cache_cost_usd,
+  CASE WHEN u.provider = 'openai' THEN
+    (u.input_tokens - MIN(u.cached_input_tokens, u.input_tokens))*r.in_rate/1000.0
+  ELSE
+    u.input_tokens*r.in_rate/1000.0
+  END AS expected_input,
+  CASE WHEN u.provider = 'openai' THEN
+    MIN(u.cached_input_tokens, u.input_tokens)*r.read_rate/1000.0
+  ELSE
+    u.cached_input_tokens*r.read_rate/1000.0
+  END AS expected_cached_input,
+  CASE WHEN u.provider = 'openai' THEN
+    0.0
+  ELSE
+    u.cache_creation_tokens*r.write_rate/1000.0
+  END AS expected_cache_creation,
+  u.output_tokens*r.out_rate/1000.0 AS expected_output,
+  CASE WHEN u.provider = 'openai' THEN
+    (u.input_tokens - MIN(u.cached_input_tokens, u.input_tokens))*r.in_rate/1000.0
+      + MIN(u.cached_input_tokens, u.input_tokens)*r.read_rate/1000.0
+      + u.output_tokens*r.out_rate/1000.0
+  ELSE
+    u.input_tokens*r.in_rate/1000.0 + u.cached_input_tokens*r.read_rate/1000.0
+      + u.cache_creation_tokens*r.write_rate/1000.0 + u.output_tokens*r.out_rate/1000.0
+  END AS expected_total,
+  CASE WHEN u.provider = 'openai' THEN
+    MIN(u.cached_input_tokens, u.input_tokens)*r.read_rate/1000.0
+  ELSE
+    u.cached_input_tokens*r.read_rate/1000.0 + u.cache_creation_tokens*r.write_rate/1000.0
+  END AS expected_cache
+FROM agent_network_request_usage u
+JOIN rates r ON r.model = u.model
+ORDER BY u.timestamp`
+
+// verifyUsageRowsSQL re-checks every persisted usage row directly in the management sqlite store,
+// bypassing the API path — the same audit an operator can run on a production store.db.
+func verifyUsageRowsSQL(t *testing.T, srv *harness.Combined) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	dbPath, err := srv.SnapshotStoreDB(t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "snapshot management sqlite store")
+
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dbPath), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "open store snapshot")
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = sqlDB.Close() }()
+
+	rows, err := db.Raw(rawCostVerificationSQL).Rows()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "run raw cost verification query")
+	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
+
+	verified := 0
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var provider, model string
+		var inTok, outTok, readTok, writeTok int64
+		var inCost, cachedInCost, cacheCreateCost, outCost, cost, cacheCost float64
+		var wantInput, wantCachedInput, wantCacheCreation, wantOutput, wantTotal, wantCache float64
+		require.NoError(t, rows.Scan(&provider, &model, &inTok, &outTok, &readTok, &writeTok,
+			&inCost, &cachedInCost, &cacheCreateCost, &outCost, &cost, &cacheCost,
+			&wantInput, &wantCachedInput, &wantCacheCreation, &wantOutput, &wantTotal, &wantCache), "scan usage row")
+		t.Logf("[sql] %s/%s: in=%d out=%d cache_read=%d cache_write=%d stored in/cached/create/out=$%.6f/$%.6f/$%.6f/$%.6f total=$%.6f cache=$%.6f expected total=$%.6f cache=$%.6f",
+			provider, model, inTok, outTok, readTok, writeTok,
+			inCost, cachedInCost, cacheCreateCost, outCost, cost, cacheCost, wantTotal, wantCache)
+		assert.InDeltaf(t, wantInput, inCost, 1e-6, "stored input_cost_usd for %s/%s must match the published-rate recompute", provider, model)
+		assert.InDeltaf(t, wantCachedInput, cachedInCost, 1e-6, "stored cached_input_cost_usd for %s/%s must match the published-rate recompute", provider, model)
+		assert.InDeltaf(t, wantCacheCreation, cacheCreateCost, 1e-6, "stored cache_creation_cost_usd for %s/%s must match the published-rate recompute", provider, model)
+		assert.InDeltaf(t, wantOutput, outCost, 1e-6, "stored output_cost_usd for %s/%s must match the published-rate recompute", provider, model)
+		assert.InDeltaf(t, wantTotal, cost, 1e-6, "derived cost_usd for %s/%s must match the published-rate recompute", provider, model)
+		assert.InDeltaf(t, wantCache, cacheCost, 1e-6, "derived cache_cost_usd for %s/%s must match the published-rate recompute", provider, model)
+		assert.InDeltaf(t, inCost+cachedInCost+cacheCreateCost+outCost, cost, 1e-9,
+			"stored buckets must sum to the derived cost_usd for %s/%s", provider, model)
+		verified++
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, rows.Err(), "iterate usage rows")
+	require.Positive(t, verified, "raw SQL check must cover at least one usage row")
+	t.Logf("[sql] verified %d usage rows in store.db against published rates", verified)
+
+	// Gateway-prefixed model ids are absent from NetBird's default pricing table, so they are
+	// priced only because the operator registered and priced them on the provider record. Assert
+	// they are priced (not silently 0) — the join above already checked the exact figures for the
+	// ones this matrix drives. A gateway row at cost 0 means the per-record table never reached
+	// the cost meter, which is the regression this guards.
+	gwRows, err := db.Raw(`SELECT model,
+	  (input_cost_usd + cached_input_cost_usd + cache_creation_cost_usd + output_cost_usd) AS cost_usd
+	  FROM agent_network_request_usage WHERE model LIKE '%/%'`).Rows()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "query gateway-prefixed usage rows")
+	defer func() { _ = gwRows.Close() }()
+	for gwRows.Next() {
+		var model string
+		var cost float64
+		require.NoError(t, gwRows.Scan(&model, &cost), "scan gateway usage row")
+		t.Logf("[sql] gateway %s: stored=$%.6f (priced from the operator's per-record rate)", model, cost)
+		assert.Positivef(t, cost, "gateway-prefixed model %q is priced on the provider record, so its cost must be > 0", model)
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, gwRows.Err(), "iterate gateway usage rows")
+}
+
+// validateAccessLogCost recomputes a live access-log row's expected total and cache cost from the
+// published per-1k rates and the row's persisted token buckets, and asserts both stored values.
+// Gateway-prefixed model ids the proxy deliberately does not price must store cost 0.
+func validateAccessLogCost(t *testing.T, pc providerCase, row api.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+	t.Helper()
+	model := catalogModel(pc)
+	provider := ""
+	if row.Provider != nil {
+		provider = *row.Provider
+	}
+	t.Logf("[cost] %s: provider=%s model=%s in=%d out=%d total=%d cache_read=%d cache_write=%d cost=$%.6f cache_cost=$%.6f",
+		pc.name, provider, model, row.InputTokens, row.OutputTokens, row.TotalTokens,
+		row.CachedInputTokens, row.CacheCreationTokens, row.CostUsd, row.CacheCostUsd)
+
+	rates, known := publishedPer1k[model]
+	if !known {
+		t.Logf("[cost] %s: no published rate on file for model %q (env-overridden?); skipping cost validation", pc.name, model)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// input_tokens may legitimately be 0: Moonshot/Kimi reports fully cached prompts under the cache
+	// buckets only. Output and total must always be present on a priced row.
+	require.Positive(t, row.OutputTokens, "priced row must carry output tokens")
+	require.Positive(t, row.TotalTokens, "priced row must carry total tokens")
+
+	var wantInput, wantCachedInput, wantCacheCreation float64
+	if provider == "openai" {
+		cached := min(row.CachedInputTokens, row.InputTokens) // cached is a subset of input
+		wantInput = float64(row.InputTokens-cached) / 1000 * rates.in
+		wantCachedInput = float64(cached) / 1000 * rates.read
+		// OpenAI has no cache-write bucket; wantCacheCreation stays 0.
+	} else {
+		// Anthropic / Bedrock shape: cache buckets are additive to input_tokens.
+		wantInput = float64(row.InputTokens) / 1000 * rates.in
+		wantCachedInput = float64(row.CachedInputTokens) / 1000 * rates.read
+		wantCacheCreation = float64(row.CacheCreationTokens) / 1000 * rates.write
+	}
+	wantOutput := float64(row.OutputTokens) / 1000 * rates.out
+	wantCache := wantCachedInput + wantCacheCreation
+	wantTotal := wantInput + wantCache + wantOutput
+
+	t.Logf("[cost] %s: expecting input=$%.6f cached_input=$%.6f cache_creation=$%.6f output=$%.6f total=$%.6f cache=$%.6f from published rates",
+		pc.name, wantInput, wantCachedInput, wantCacheCreation, wantOutput, wantTotal, wantCache)
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantInput, row.InputCostUsd, 1e-6, "stored input_cost_usd for %s (%s)", pc.name, model)
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantCachedInput, row.CachedInputCostUsd, 1e-6, "stored cached_input_cost_usd for %s (%s)", pc.name, model)
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantCacheCreation, row.CacheCreationCostUsd, 1e-6, "stored cache_creation_cost_usd for %s (%s)", pc.name, model)
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantOutput, row.OutputCostUsd, 1e-6, "stored output_cost_usd for %s (%s)", pc.name, model)
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantTotal, row.CostUsd, 1e-6, "derived cost_usd for %s (%s)", pc.name, model)
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantCache, row.CacheCostUsd, 1e-6, "derived cache_cost_usd for %s (%s)", pc.name, model)
+
+	// The aggregates must be exactly the sum of the stored components, not an
+	// independently-computed figure that could drift from the breakdown.
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, row.InputCostUsd+row.CachedInputCostUsd+row.CacheCreationCostUsd+row.OutputCostUsd,
+		row.CostUsd, 1e-9, "stored buckets must sum to the derived cost_usd for %s (%s)", pc.name, model)
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, row.CachedInputCostUsd+row.CacheCreationCostUsd,
+		row.CacheCostUsd, 1e-9, "stored cache buckets must sum to the derived cache_cost_usd for %s (%s)", pc.name, model)
+}
+
+// providerCase is one entry in the live provider matrix. The same scenario runs
+// for every available provider; availability is keyed off env vars so the suite
+// covers whatever credentials are present (source ~/.llm-keys locally / set the
+// Actions secrets in CI).
+type providerCase struct {
+	name       string
+	catalogID  string
+	upstream   string
+	apiKey     string
+	model      string // body model (chat/messages) or path model@version (vertex)
+	kind       string // harness.WireChat, harness.WireMessages, or harness.WireVertex
+	project    string // vertex only: GCP project for the rawPredict path
+	region     string // vertex only: GCP region for the rawPredict path
+	pathPrefix string // base-URL path prefix the agent carries (e.g. "/anthropic" for Kimi)
+}
+
+// availableProviders builds the matrix from the provider env vars that are set.
+func availableProviders() []providerCase {
+	var ps []providerCase
+	if k := os.Getenv("OPENAI_TOKEN"); k != "" {
+		ps = append(ps, providerCase{name: "openai", catalogID: "openai_api", upstream: "https://api.openai.com", apiKey: k, model: "gpt-4o-mini", kind: harness.WireChat})
+	}
+	if k := os.Getenv("ANTHROPIC_TOKEN"); k != "" {
+		ps = append(ps, providerCase{name: "anthropic", catalogID: "anthropic_api", upstream: "https://api.anthropic.com", apiKey: k, model: "claude-haiku-4-5", kind: harness.WireMessages})
+	}
+	if k := os.Getenv("KIMI_TOKEN"); k != "" {
+		// Kimi (Moonshot AI) serves two body shapes from the same key: OpenAI
+		// Chat Completions on the bare host (/v1/...) and the Anthropic
+		// Messages API under the /anthropic path prefix (the endpoint
+		// Moonshot's Claude Code guide uses). The provider keeps the bare
+		// default upstream and the AGENT carries the /anthropic prefix in
+		// its base URL — exactly the documented Claude Code / Kimi CLI
+		// setup (ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL=https://<endpoint>/anthropic) — so one
+		// provider serves both shapes and the prefix rides through to
+		// Moonshot. Run the Anthropic shape, the flagship Claude Code path;
+		// the OpenAI wire shape is covered live by the other chat-shaped
+		// matrix providers, and Kimi-over-chat passed with kimi-k3 before
+		// the single-model constraint surfaced (run #73 on the kimi feature
+		// branch). The platform serves this account exactly ONE model —
+		// kimi-k3 (kimi-k2-thinking and even kimi-latest return
+		// resource_not_found_error on both surfaces).
+		ps = append(ps, providerCase{name: "kimi", catalogID: "kimi_api", upstream: "https://api.moonshot.ai", apiKey: k, model: "kimi-k3", kind: harness.WireMessages, pathPrefix: "/anthropic"})
+	}
+	if k, u := os.Getenv("VERCEL_TOKEN"), os.Getenv("VERCEL_URL"); k != "" && u != "" {
+		ps = append(ps, providerCase{name: "vercel", catalogID: "vercel_ai_gateway", upstream: u, apiKey: k, model: "openai/gpt-4o-mini", kind: harness.WireChat})
+	}
+	if k, u := os.Getenv("OPENROUTER_TOKEN"), os.Getenv("OPENROUTER_URL"); k != "" && u != "" {
+		// Distinct model string from Vercel so each provider routes unambiguously
+		// while all are enabled together.
+		ps = append(ps, providerCase{name: "openrouter", catalogID: "openrouter", upstream: u, apiKey: k, model: "openai/gpt-4o", kind: harness.WireChat})
+	}
+	if k, u := os.Getenv("CLOUDFLARE_TOKEN"), os.Getenv("CLOUDFLARE_URL"); k != "" && u != "" {
+		// Cloudflare AI Gateway routes by a provider segment in the URL path;
+		// append the openai provider unless the gateway URL already carries one.
+		if !strings.Contains(u, "/openai") {
+			u = strings.TrimRight(u, "/") + "/openai"
+		}
+		// Raw model (distinct string from OpenAI's gpt-4o-mini).
+		ps = append(ps, providerCase{name: "cloudflare", catalogID: "cloudflare_ai_gateway", upstream: u, apiKey: k, model: "gpt-4o", kind: harness.WireChat})
+	}
+	// Vertex (vertex_ai_api): Anthropic-on-Vertex, path-routed, SA-OAuth
+	// (api_key = keyfile::<SA>). The model travels in the rawPredict path rather
+	// than the body, so the provider is created without a models array. Region
+	// defaults to "global" (host aiplatform.googleapis.com); a real region uses
+	// <region>-aiplatform.googleapis.com.
+	if sa := os.Getenv("GOOGLE_VERTEX_SA_BASE64"); sa != "" {
+		project := os.Getenv("GOOGLE_VERTEX_PROJECT")
+		if project != "" {
+			region := os.Getenv("GOOGLE_VERTEX_REGION")
+			if region == "" {
+				region = "global"
+			}
+			host := "aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+			if region != "global" {
+				host = region + "-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+			}
+			model := os.Getenv("GOOGLE_VERTEX_MODEL")
+			if model == "" {
+				model = "claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929"
+			}
+			ps = append(ps, providerCase{
+				name: "vertex", catalogID: "vertex_ai_api", upstream: "https://" + host,
+				apiKey: "keyfile::" + sa, model: model, kind: harness.WireVertex,
+				project: project, region: region,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Bedrock: path-routed, bearer auth. Model is the FULL cross-region
+	// inference-profile id exactly as AWS issues it — region-family prefix
+	// plus the date/version suffix. A bare or wrong-region id makes Bedrock
+	// reject the request with "The provided model identifier is invalid"
+	// before any inference runs. The proxy normalizes this id to the catalog
+	// key (anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5) for routing/pricing/allowlists.
+	// Defaults pair eu-central-1 with the eu.* profile; AWS_REGION overrides
+	// the region and the prefix follows its family.
+	if k := os.Getenv("AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK"); k != "" {
+		region := os.Getenv("AWS_REGION")
+		if region == "" {
+			region = "eu-central-1"
+		}
+		// A valid Bedrock inference-profile id, overridable per account (AWS_BEDROCK_MODEL, also the
+		// workflow's bedrock_model dispatch input). `global.` profiles work from any region. Defaults to
+		// Sonnet 4.6, whose id convention dropped the -YYYYMMDD-v1:0 suffix that Haiku 4.5 still carries.
+		model := os.Getenv("AWS_BEDROCK_MODEL")
+		if model == "" {
+			model = "global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6"
+		}
+		ps = append(ps, providerCase{name: "bedrock", catalogID: "bedrock_api", upstream: "https://bedrock-runtime." + region + ".amazonaws.com", apiKey: k, model: model, kind: harness.WireBedrock})
+	}
+	return ps
+}
+
+// providerRequest builds a create request for a matrix provider: enabled, with
+// its model registered at the vendor's published rates for body-routed
+// providers, and no models for the path-routed Vertex (whose model lives in the
+// request path, so it prices from the defaults table management ships).
+//
+// The registered rates matter: management synthesizes them into the cost
+// meter's per-provider-record table, which is consulted before the surface
+// defaults, so these are the rates the proxy actually bills with. Registering
+// the published rate keeps the cost assertions vendor-anchored while covering
+// the operator-pricing path. A model with no published rate on file (an
+// env-overridden Bedrock profile) falls back to a nominal rate, and
+// validateAccessLogCost skips its cost check.
+func providerRequest(pc providerCase) api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest {
+	req := api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        pc.name,
+		ProviderId:  pc.catalogID,
+		UpstreamUrl: pc.upstream,
+		ApiKey:      &pc.apiKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+	}
+	if pc.kind != harness.WireVertex {
+		// The router matches the normalized catalog id. Bedrock's request model
+		// travels as a region-prefixed inference-profile id in the URL path
+		// (us.anthropic...), which the router strips before matching, so register
+		// the normalized form here or routing fails as model_not_routable.
+		modelID := pc.model
+		if pc.kind == harness.WireBedrock {
+			modelID = catalogModel(pc)
+		}
+		model := api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{Id: modelID, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002}
+		if rates, known := publishedPer1k[catalogModel(pc)]; known {
+			model.InputPer1k = rates.in
+			model.OutputPer1k = rates.out
+			// Pin the cache rates too, rather than letting them inherit from the
+			// defaults table: a gateway-prefixed id has no default entry to
+			// inherit from, and an unset rate bills that bucket at the input
+			// rate, which would not match the published-rate recompute.
+			if rates.read > 0 {
+				model.CachedInputPer1k = ptr(rates.read) // OpenAI shape
+				model.CacheReadPer1k = ptr(rates.read)   // Anthropic / Bedrock shape
+			}
+			if rates.write > 0 {
+				model.CacheCreationPer1k = ptr(rates.write)
+			}
+		}
+		req.Models = &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{model}
+	}
+	return req
+}
+
+// TestProvidersMatrix is Pillar 3: it provisions every available provider (all
+// enabled, each with a unique model so routing stays unambiguous), runs proxy +
+// client once, and drives the same live chat-completion scenario through each
+// provider over the WireGuard tunnel. Each provider must return 200 and produce
+// an ingested access-log row.
+func TestProvidersMatrix(t *testing.T) {
+	matrix := availableProviders()
+	if len(matrix) == 0 {
+		t.Skip("no provider keys set; source ~/.llm-keys to run the provider matrix")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Group + setup key the client joins into; the policy authorizes it.
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-agents"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create agents group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	// Create every provider, all enabled, each with a unique model string so the
+	// proxy's connect-time snapshot carries them all and model→provider routing
+	// is unambiguous (provider toggles after connect don't reconcile to the
+	// proxy, so we enable everything up front).
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(matrix))
+	for _, pc := range matrix {
+		req := providerRequest(pc)
+		prov, perr := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, req)
+		require.NoError(t, perr, "create provider %s", pc.name)
+		ids = append(ids, prov.Id)
+		id := prov.Id
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), id) })
+	}
+
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-allow",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: ids,
+		// Token limit at the 60s window floor with caps far above the few hundred
+		// tokens this suite drives, so it never blocks traffic but switches on
+		// usage metering, which is what makes consumption rows get recorded.
+		Limits: &api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: api.AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCap:      10_000_000,
+				UserCap:       10_000_000,
+				WindowSeconds: 60,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings for endpoint")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "agent-network endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	// Proxy (global CLI token) + client, brought up once.
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token via CLI")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	// Probe first: the GET resolves the endpoint (DNS error fails) and its first packet wakes the lazy proxy peer, so WaitProxyPeer sees it connected; any HTTP status counts.
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve agent-network endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	for _, pc := range matrix {
+		pc := pc
+		t.Run(pc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			before, _ := srv.ListAccessLogs(ctx)
+
+			// Unique per provider so we can find this provider's row by its
+			// session id and confirm the marker propagated end-to-end.
+			sessionID := "e2e-session-" + pc.name
+
+			// A long-form prompt so completions carry realistic token counts for cost validation;
+			// max_tokens in the harness bodies (2048) lets the full answer through.
+			const matrixPrompt = "explain GitHub workflow in 1000 words"
+
+			// Retry briefly to absorb tunnel/DNS jitter on the first call.
+			var code int
+			var body string
+			deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+			for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+				var c int
+				var b string
+				var cerr error
+				switch pc.kind {
+				case harness.WireVertex:
+					c, b, cerr = cl.Vertex(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, pc.project, pc.region, pc.model, matrixPrompt, sessionID)
+				case harness.WireBedrock:
+					c, b, cerr = cl.Bedrock(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, pc.model, matrixPrompt, sessionID)
+				default:
+					c, b, cerr = cl.ChatPrefixed(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, pc.pathPrefix, pc.kind, pc.model, matrixPrompt, sessionID)
+				}
+				if cerr == nil {
+					code, body = c, b
+					if code == 200 {
+						break
+					}
+				}
+				time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+			}
+			require.Equal(t, 200, code, "chat through %s (%s %s) should return 200; body: %s", pc.name, pc.kind, pc.model, body)
+
+			require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+				logs, lerr := srv.ListAccessLogs(ctx)
+				return lerr == nil && logs.TotalRecords > before.TotalRecords
+			}, 30*time.Second, 2*time.Second, "an access-log row should be ingested for %s", pc.name)
+
+			// The session id sent as x-session-id must round-trip into the
+			// access-log row for this provider.
+			var row api.AgentNetworkAccessLog
+			require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+				logs, lerr := srv.ListAccessLogs(ctx)
+				if lerr != nil {
+					return false
+				}
+				for _, r := range logs.Data {
+					if r.SessionId != nil && *r.SessionId == sessionID {
+						row = r
+						return true
+					}
+				}
+				return false
+			}, 30*time.Second, 2*time.Second, "session id %q must be recorded in an access-log row for %s", sessionID, pc.name)
+
+			// Stored total and cache cost must match the published rates applied to the row's buckets.
+			validateAccessLogCost(t, pc, row)
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Metering: the policy's uncapped token limit switches on usage recording,
+	// so the live traffic just driven must surface as consumption rows with
+	// positive token counts. Consumption is account-scoped (keyed by source
+	// group / user and time window, not per provider), and ingest is async, so
+	// poll for any row that has booked tokens.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		rows, lerr := srv.ListConsumption(ctx)
+		if lerr != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, r := range rows {
+			if r.TokensInput > 0 && r.TokensOutput > 0 {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}, 60*time.Second, 3*time.Second, "consumption must be recorded with positive token counts after live traffic")
+
+	// Final raw-SQL audit: bypass the API and re-verify every persisted usage row in the store.
+	verifyUsageRowsSQL(t, srv)
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/credential_check_live_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/credential_check_live_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f83a18129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/credential_check_live_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/rest"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// credentialCase is one vendor to try the save-time check against. The key is
+// the real one the suite already sources; corrupting it is what produces the
+// refusal, so the pair of cases differ only in the credential.
+type credentialCase struct {
+	name      string
+	catalogID string
+	upstream  string
+	apiKey    string
+}
+
+// liveCredentialCases mirrors the discovery matrix's env gating so a partial
+// key set still yields partial coverage. Vertex is left out: its credential is
+// a service-account keyfile, and mangling one produces a client-side parse
+// failure rather than the vendor refusal this is about.
+func liveCredentialCases() []credentialCase {
+	var cases []credentialCase
+
+	if k := os.Getenv("OPENAI_TOKEN"); k != "" {
+		cases = append(cases, credentialCase{
+			name: "openai", catalogID: "openai_api",
+			upstream: "https://api.openai.com", apiKey: k,
+		})
+	}
+	if k := os.Getenv("ANTHROPIC_TOKEN"); k != "" {
+		cases = append(cases, credentialCase{
+			name: "anthropic", catalogID: "anthropic_api",
+			upstream: "https://api.anthropic.com", apiKey: k,
+		})
+	}
+	if k := os.Getenv("AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK"); k != "" {
+		region := os.Getenv("AWS_REGION")
+		if region == "" {
+			region = "eu-central-1"
+		}
+		cases = append(cases, credentialCase{
+			name: "bedrock", catalogID: "bedrock_api",
+			upstream: "https://bedrock-runtime." + region + ".amazonaws.com", apiKey: k,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return cases
+}
+
+// TestLiveProviderCredentialCheck drives the save-time check against the real
+// vendors. A unit test can only assert that a mocked refusal is classified;
+// what it cannot show is that these vendors refuse a bad key on their listing
+// endpoint at all, which is the assumption the whole feature rests on.
+//
+// The good-key case matters just as much as the bad one: a check that refused
+// everything would pass a test asserting only the refusal, and would make the
+// product unusable.
+//
+// The suite asserts on the vendors themselves, so it inherits their
+// availability: the check blocks on 5xx and 429 by design, and a vendor outage
+// or a rate limit during a run fails "a good credential saves" with a
+// perfectly valid key. There is no retry here on purpose — a retry loop would
+// also mask the outage classification these tests exist to prove. Re-run the
+// job.
+func TestLiveProviderCredentialCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := liveCredentialCases()
+	if len(cases) == 0 {
+		t.Skip("no live provider credentials in the environment; source ~/.llm-keys to run")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Run("a good credential saves", func(t *testing.T) {
+				prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, credentialProviderRequest(tc, "e2e-cred-ok-"+tc.name, tc.apiKey))
+				require.NoError(t, err, "the suite's own credential must pass its check")
+				t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+				require.NotEmpty(t, prov.Id)
+			})
+
+			t.Run("a rejected credential is refused", func(t *testing.T) {
+				_, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, credentialProviderRequest(tc, "e2e-cred-bad-"+tc.name, corrupt(tc.apiKey)))
+				require.Error(t, err, "a key the vendor rejects must not save")
+
+				var apiErr *rest.APIError
+				require.ErrorAs(t, err, &apiErr)
+				require.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, apiErr.StatusCode,
+					"a refused credential is the caller's problem to fix, not a server fault")
+				require.Contains(t, strings.ToLower(apiErr.Message), "rejected the credential",
+					"the message must name the credential rather than the url")
+
+				// The record must be absent, not merely unusable: a provider
+				// saved despite its check is the state this prevents.
+				all, listErr := srv.ListProviders(ctx)
+				require.NoError(t, listErr)
+				for _, p := range all {
+					require.NotEqual(t, "e2e-cred-bad-"+tc.name, p.Name, "a refused provider must not be stored")
+				}
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLiveProviderUrlCheck points a real credential at a host that is not the
+// vendor's API. It is the half of the split a wrong key cannot exercise: the
+// operator has to be told the URL is at fault while their key is fine.
+//
+// One vendor, deliberately. The transport classification under test happens
+// before any vendor is reached, so running it per configured vendor would
+// repeat the same code path and multiply the wall-clock of a suite that
+// already creates real records. cases[0] is whichever vendor the environment
+// supplies first.
+func TestLiveProviderUrlCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := liveCredentialCases()
+	if len(cases) == 0 {
+		t.Skip("no live provider credentials in the environment; source ~/.llm-keys to run")
+	}
+	tc := cases[0]
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// A name that resolves nowhere. The check has to reach a verdict without
+	// the vendor's help, which is the transport half of the classification.
+	req := credentialProviderRequest(tc, "e2e-cred-badurl", tc.apiKey)
+	req.UpstreamUrl = "https://not-a-real-vendor-host.netbird-e2e.invalid"
+
+	_, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, req)
+	require.Error(t, err, "an upstream that does not resolve must not save")
+
+	var apiErr *rest.APIError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &apiErr)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, apiErr.StatusCode)
+	require.Contains(t, strings.ToLower(apiErr.Message), "could not be reached",
+		"the message must name the url rather than the credential")
+
+	// An error is not the same fact as an absent record: a handler that saved
+	// first and reported afterwards would satisfy everything above.
+	all, listErr := srv.ListProviders(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, listErr)
+	for _, p := range all {
+		require.NotEqual(t, "e2e-cred-badurl", p.Name, "a refused provider must not be stored")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestLiveProviderUpdateKeepsTheWorkingKey is the state the check exists to
+// prevent on the update path: a rejected rotation that has already replaced
+// the credential would take a working provider down.
+//
+// Also one vendor: the behaviour is in the manager's merge, not in any
+// vendor's response, and each run creates and mutates a real provider record.
+func TestLiveProviderUpdateKeepsTheWorkingKey(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := liveCredentialCases()
+	if len(cases) == 0 {
+		t.Skip("no live provider credentials in the environment; source ~/.llm-keys to run")
+	}
+	tc := cases[0]
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, credentialProviderRequest(tc, "e2e-cred-rotate", tc.apiKey))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	rotation := credentialProviderRequest(tc, "e2e-cred-rotate", corrupt(tc.apiKey))
+	_, err = srv.UpdateProvider(ctx, prov.Id, rotation)
+	require.Error(t, err, "a rotation the vendor rejects must not be stored")
+
+	var apiErr *rest.APIError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &apiErr)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, apiErr.StatusCode)
+
+	// The stored key is never returned by the API, so the proof that it
+	// survived is that an edit which reuses it still passes its check. A
+	// replaced key would fail here exactly as the rotation just did.
+	//
+	// The trailing slash is what makes that an actual check: an edit touching
+	// neither the url, the key nor the catalog entry is stored without asking
+	// the vendor anything, so a rename alone would pass whatever is on the
+	// record. Only the host is read out of the upstream, so the same vendor is
+	// reached — but the string differs, and the check runs.
+	recheck := credentialProviderRequest(tc, "e2e-cred-rotate-renamed", "")
+	recheck.UpstreamUrl = tc.upstream + "/"
+	updated, err := srv.UpdateProvider(ctx, prov.Id, recheck)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "the working key must still be the stored one")
+	require.Equal(t, "e2e-cred-rotate-renamed", updated.Name)
+}
+
+// credentialProviderRequest builds a create/update body for a case. An empty apiKey is
+// omitted rather than sent blank, which is how the form asks to keep whatever
+// is already stored.
+func credentialProviderRequest(tc credentialCase, name, apiKey string) api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest {
+	req := api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        name,
+		ProviderId:  tc.catalogID,
+		UpstreamUrl: tc.upstream,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+	}
+	if apiKey != "" {
+		req.ApiKey = &apiKey
+	}
+	return req
+}
+
+// corrupt returns a key the vendor will reject while keeping the shape of the
+// original. Replacing the last character rather than appending keeps any
+// length or prefix validation satisfied, so the refusal comes from the vendor
+// checking the secret rather than from it rejecting an obviously malformed
+// one.
+func corrupt(key string) string {
+	if key == "" {
+		return key
+	}
+	last := key[len(key)-1]
+	replacement := byte('A')
+	if last == 'A' {
+		replacement = 'B'
+	}
+	return key[:len(key)-1] + string(replacement)
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/custom_pricing_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/custom_pricing_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90e198d3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/custom_pricing_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,776 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// The mock vLLM upstream (harness/vllm.go) always answers with this fixed usage
+// block, so every request drives deterministic token counts regardless of the
+// model the client asks for. The proxy prices off the REQUEST model, not the
+// upstream response model, so a made-up model id billed at operator rates lets
+// these tests assert exact costs without a real vendor key.
+// Sourced from the harness so the counts can't drift from the mock's config.
+const (
+	vllmPromptTokens     = harness.VLLMChatInputTokens
+	vllmCompletionTokens = harness.VLLMChatOutputTokens
+)
+
+// pricedEnv is a connected single-provider agent-network deployment pointed at
+// the mock vLLM upstream, with the proxy and client up and the endpoint resolved
+// — ready to drive chat. All containers are torn down via t.Cleanup.
+type pricedEnv struct {
+	providerID string
+	groupID    string // source group of the policy; the client peer's auto-group
+	policyID   string // policy that authorises (and meters) the requests
+	upstream   string // provider upstream URL, needed to re-send on a PUT update
+	endpoint   string
+	proxyIP    string
+	client     *harness.Client
+	proxy      *harness.Proxy
+}
+
+// provisionPricedProvider brings up the full path for a cost test: a mock vLLM
+// upstream, a group + reusable setup key, one openai_api provider pointed at the
+// mock enumerating exactly the given models (with the operator's per-1k prices),
+// a policy whose token limit switches on usage metering, and a connected proxy +
+// client. The provider is created with the given models so the router dispatches
+// them to this provider and the cost meter bills at these rates.
+//
+// Passing nil models makes it a gateway-style catch-all: the router claims every
+// model, and since the synthesizer ships no per-provider-record pricing entry
+// for a provider that enumerates nothing, the shipped defaults table is the only
+// thing that can price the request. The policy sets no model guardrail, so the
+// proxy's per-provider allowlist backstop stays empty and any model routes.
+func provisionPricedProvider(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, name string, models []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel) pricedEnv {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock vLLM upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-price-" + name})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-price-" + name + "-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	// The mock ignores auth, so a dummy key satisfies the "Bearer ${API_KEY}"
+	// template. openai_api is a known catalog provider; the enumerated model id
+	// need NOT be in the catalog — the operator names it and prices it here.
+	dummyKey := "sk-price-e2e"
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        name,
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &dummyKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models:      &models,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	// Uncapped token limit: never blocks the handful of tokens driven here, but
+	// switches on usage metering — the switch that makes consumption rows record.
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-price-" + name,
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		Limits: &api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: api.AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCap:      10_000_000,
+				UserCap:       10_000_000,
+				WindowSeconds: 60,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-price-"+name+"-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	// Probe first: the GET resolves the endpoint and its first packet wakes the
+	// lazy proxy peer, so WaitProxyPeer then observes it connected.
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	return pricedEnv{
+		providerID: prov.Id,
+		groupID:    grp.Id,
+		policyID:   pol.Id,
+		upstream:   vllm.URL,
+		endpoint:   settings.Endpoint,
+		proxyIP:    proxyIP,
+		client:     cl,
+		proxy:      px,
+	}
+}
+
+// chatOnce drives one OpenAI-shaped chat for model through the tunnel, retrying
+// to absorb first-call tunnel/DNS jitter, and returns the response body.
+func chatOnce(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, env pricedEnv, model, sessionID string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var code int
+	var body string
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		c, b, cerr := env.client.Chat(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, harness.WireChat, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", sessionID)
+		if cerr == nil {
+			code, body = c, b
+			if code == 200 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !waitBeforeRetry(ctx, 5*time.Second) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, 200, code,
+		"chat for %s must return 200; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", model, body, env.proxy.Logs(context.Background()))
+	return body
+}
+
+// accessLogIngestWindow is how long a single request's access-log row is given
+// to appear before the caller gives up on it.
+// accessLogIngestWindow bounds how long a row may take to appear after its
+// request returned. The proxy streams each entry to management with a 10s send
+// timeout of its own, so a request whose send hits one full timeout and is
+// retried has not yet missed anything real — 30s left barely three send
+// attempts of headroom and lost the race on a loaded runner.
+const accessLogIngestWindow = 60 * time.Second
+
+// accessLogPollInterval is how long the lookup waits between pages. Ingest is
+// asynchronous, so the row lands somewhere inside the window rather than on
+// any particular poll.
+const accessLogPollInterval = 2 * time.Second
+
+// lookupAccessLogBySession polls the access-log page for the row carrying
+// sessionID and reports whether it arrived within the window. It never fails
+// the test: callers that can recover — by firing a fresh request under a new
+// session — need to see the miss rather than die on it.
+func lookupAccessLogBySession(ctx context.Context, sessionID string, within time.Duration) (api.AgentNetworkAccessLog, bool) {
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(within)
+	for {
+		// Each poll is bounded by what is left of the window rather than by the
+		// caller's context: a single stalled request would otherwise hold the
+		// loop open long past the ingest window it is meant to enforce, and the
+		// caller would read the delay as a missing row.
+		if logs, lerr := listAccessLogsBy(ctx, deadline); lerr == nil {
+			for _, r := range logs.Data {
+				if r.SessionId != nil && *r.SessionId == sessionID {
+					return r, true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// The wait is bounded by the window as well, so the answer arrives when
+		// the caller's budget runs out rather than a poll interval later: a
+		// full interval slept past the deadline reports "no row" up to two
+		// seconds late, which reads as a slower lookup than the one asked for.
+		wait := time.Until(deadline)
+		if wait > accessLogPollInterval {
+			wait = accessLogPollInterval
+		}
+		if wait <= 0 {
+			return api.AgentNetworkAccessLog{}, false
+		}
+		timer := time.NewTimer(wait)
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			timer.Stop()
+			return api.AgentNetworkAccessLog{}, false
+		case <-timer.C:
+		}
+		// Checked after the wait rather than before the request: a poll issued
+		// past the deadline carries no budget and would fail on arrival.
+		if !time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+			return api.AgentNetworkAccessLog{}, false
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// listAccessLogsBy fetches one access-log page under a context that expires at
+// deadline, so no single call can outlive the window its caller is polling
+// within. The parent's cancellation still applies: the child inherits it.
+func listAccessLogsBy(ctx context.Context, deadline time.Time) (api.AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse, error) {
+	reqCtx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ctx, deadline)
+	defer cancel()
+	return srv.ListAccessLogs(reqCtx)
+}
+
+// findAccessLogBySession polls the access-log page for the row carrying
+// sessionID, failing the test if it never lands. Use it for a request whose row
+// must exist; where a missing row is a recoverable race, use
+// lookupAccessLogBySession and retry.
+func findAccessLogBySession(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, sessionID string) api.AgentNetworkAccessLog {
+	t.Helper()
+	row, ok := lookupAccessLogBySession(ctx, sessionID, accessLogIngestWindow)
+	require.True(t, ok, "session id %q must be recorded in an access-log row", sessionID)
+	return row
+}
+
+// assertOpenAICostAtRates asserts an access-log row's token counts and every cost
+// bucket match the mock's fixed usage priced at the given operator rates. The
+// openai surface has no cache-write bucket and the mock reports no cache tokens,
+// so the whole cost is input + output; cache costs must be exactly zero.
+func assertOpenAICostAtRates(t *testing.T, row api.AgentNetworkAccessLog, inRate, outRate float64) {
+	t.Helper()
+	wantInput := float64(vllmPromptTokens) / 1000 * inRate
+	wantOutput := float64(vllmCompletionTokens) / 1000 * outRate
+	wantTotal := wantInput + wantOutput
+
+	model := ""
+	if row.Model != nil {
+		model = *row.Model
+	}
+	t.Logf("[cost] model=%s in=%d out=%d rates in/out=%.4f/%.4f stored input/output/total=$%.6f/$%.6f/$%.6f expected input/output/total=$%.6f/$%.6f/$%.6f",
+		model, row.InputTokens, row.OutputTokens, inRate, outRate,
+		row.InputCostUsd, row.OutputCostUsd, row.CostUsd, wantInput, wantOutput, wantTotal)
+
+	assert.EqualValues(t, vllmPromptTokens, row.InputTokens, "prompt tokens from the mock usage block")
+	assert.EqualValues(t, vllmCompletionTokens, row.OutputTokens, "completion tokens from the mock usage block")
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantInput, row.InputCostUsd, 1e-6, "input_cost_usd must be prompt tokens at the operator input rate")
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantOutput, row.OutputCostUsd, 1e-6, "output_cost_usd must be completion tokens at the operator output rate")
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantTotal, row.CostUsd, 1e-6, "cost_usd must be the sum of the priced buckets")
+	assert.Zerof(t, row.CachedInputCostUsd, "no cache-read tokens, so cached_input_cost_usd must be 0")
+	assert.Zerof(t, row.CacheCreationCostUsd, "openai surface has no cache-write bucket, so cache_creation_cost_usd must be 0")
+	assert.Zerof(t, row.CacheCostUsd, "no cache usage, so cache_cost_usd must be 0")
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, row.InputCostUsd+row.OutputCostUsd, row.CostUsd, 1e-9, "stored buckets must sum to cost_usd")
+}
+
+// verifyUsageRowForSession re-checks the persisted usage row for a session
+// directly in the management sqlite store — the same audit an operator runs on a
+// production store.db — asserting its cost buckets match the operator rates.
+func verifyUsageRowForSession(t *testing.T, sessionID string, inRate, outRate float64) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dbPath, err := srv.SnapshotStoreDB(t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "snapshot management sqlite store")
+
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dbPath), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "open store snapshot")
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = sqlDB.Close() }()
+
+	var provider, model string
+	var inTok, outTok, cachedTok, cacheCreateTok int64
+	var inCost, cachedInCost, cacheCreateCost, outCost float64
+	row := db.Raw(`SELECT provider, model, input_tokens, output_tokens, cached_input_tokens, cache_creation_tokens,
+	  input_cost_usd, cached_input_cost_usd, cache_creation_cost_usd, output_cost_usd
+	  FROM agent_network_request_usage WHERE session_id = ? ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT 1`, sessionID).Row()
+	require.NoError(t, row.Scan(&provider, &model, &inTok, &outTok, &cachedTok, &cacheCreateTok,
+		&inCost, &cachedInCost, &cacheCreateCost, &outCost),
+		"a usage row must exist for session %q", sessionID)
+
+	wantInput := float64(inTok) / 1000 * inRate
+	wantOutput := float64(outTok) / 1000 * outRate
+	t.Logf("[sql] session=%s %s/%s in=%d out=%d stored input/cached/create/output=$%.6f/$%.6f/$%.6f/$%.6f",
+		sessionID, provider, model, inTok, outTok, inCost, cachedInCost, cacheCreateCost, outCost)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, vllmPromptTokens, inTok, "usage row prompt tokens")
+	assert.EqualValues(t, vllmCompletionTokens, outTok, "usage row completion tokens")
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantInput, inCost, 1e-6, "usage input_cost_usd must be prompt tokens at the operator input rate")
+	assert.InDeltaf(t, wantOutput, outCost, 1e-6, "usage output_cost_usd must be completion tokens at the operator output rate")
+	assert.Zerof(t, cachedInCost, "usage cached_input_cost_usd must be 0 (no cache usage)")
+	assert.Zerof(t, cacheCreateCost, "usage cache_creation_cost_usd must be 0 (no cache usage)")
+}
+
+// TestCustomModelPricing proves an operator can serve a model that is NOT in
+// NetBird's compiled catalog, at prices they type themselves, and that those
+// operator prices drive the recorded cost end to end — access log AND usage
+// ledger. The provider enumerates one made-up model id at deliberately odd rates
+// (no default entry could supply them), the client requests it, and every cost
+// bucket must equal the mock's fixed token counts multiplied by those rates.
+func TestCustomModelPricing(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	const (
+		customModel = "e2e-custom-model" // absent from the compiled catalog
+		inRate      = 0.037              // odd rates so a stray default can't match
+		outRate     = 0.089
+	)
+
+	env := provisionPricedProvider(t, ctx, "custommodel", []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+		{Id: customModel, InputPer1k: inRate, OutputPer1k: outRate},
+	})
+
+	sessionID := "e2e-session-custommodel"
+	body := chatOnce(t, ctx, env, customModel, sessionID)
+	require.Contains(t, body, "chat.completion", "body should be an OpenAI-compatible completion; got: %s", body)
+
+	row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionID)
+	require.NotNil(t, row.Model, "access-log row must carry the requested model")
+	assert.Equal(t, customModel, *row.Model, "the row must be stamped with the requested (custom) model, not the mock's response model")
+	assertOpenAICostAtRates(t, row, inRate, outRate)
+
+	// Metering: the uncapped token limit switches on usage recording, so the
+	// request must surface as a consumption row with positive tokens and cost.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		rows, lerr := srv.ListConsumption(ctx)
+		if lerr != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, r := range rows {
+			if r.TokensInput > 0 && r.TokensOutput > 0 && r.CostUsd > 0 {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}, 60*time.Second, 3*time.Second, "custom-model usage must be metered into a consumption row with positive cost")
+
+	// Final raw-SQL audit: bypass the API and re-verify the persisted usage row.
+	verifyUsageRowForSession(t, sessionID, inRate, outRate)
+}
+
+// TestPriceChangeUpdatesRecordedCost proves that changing a provider's model
+// price is reflected in the cost recorded for subsequent requests — in both the
+// access log and the usage ledger — while requests already priced at the old
+// rate keep their original cost. The update propagates to the connected proxy
+// live (a mapping push rebuilds the cost_meter chain with the new table), so no
+// reconnect or restart is needed; the test polls a fresh request until the new
+// rate lands.
+func TestPriceChangeUpdatesRecordedCost(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	const (
+		customModel = "e2e-repriced-model"
+		inRateA     = 0.010
+		outRateA    = 0.020
+		inRateB     = 0.050 // 5x / 4x the original, so a repriced row is unmistakable
+		outRateB    = 0.080
+		// Per-attempt ingest wait, shorter than the default so a request that
+		// produces no row costs one retry rather than most of the budget, and an
+		// overall deadline long enough to hold several attempts.
+		repriceIngestWindow = 20 * time.Second
+		repriceDeadline     = 180 * time.Second
+	)
+
+	env := provisionPricedProvider(t, ctx, "reprice", []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+		{Id: customModel, InputPer1k: inRateA, OutputPer1k: outRateA},
+	})
+
+	// Phase 1 — request priced at the original rate A.
+	sessionA := "e2e-session-reprice-a"
+	chatOnce(t, ctx, env, customModel, sessionA)
+	rowA := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionA)
+	assertOpenAICostAtRates(t, rowA, inRateA, outRateA)
+	verifyUsageRowForSession(t, sessionA, inRateA, outRateA)
+
+	// Change the model's price. The API key is omitted so the stored one is kept;
+	// the models array is re-sent with the new rates (PUT replaces the list).
+	// This reconciles synchronously and pushes a fresh cost_meter table to the
+	// already-connected proxy — no reconnect.
+	_, err := srv.UpdateProvider(ctx, env.providerID, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "reprice",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: env.upstream,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models: &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+			{Id: customModel, InputPer1k: inRateB, OutputPer1k: outRateB},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "update provider price")
+
+	// Phase 2 — the push + chain rebuild is async, so drive fresh requests (each
+	// under its own session) until one is priced at the new rate B. Each iteration
+	// fires one request and waits for that session's row to be ingested before
+	// reading its cost, so an un-ingested row is never mistaken for "still rate A".
+	// The expected new input cost is unmistakably higher than rate A, so a
+	// lingering old-rate row can't satisfy the check.
+	//
+	// Every way an iteration can come up short — the request failing, its row not
+	// landing, or the row still carrying rate A — is a symptom of the same
+	// in-flight rebuild, so each one retries under a fresh session rather than
+	// ending the test. Only the outer deadline is fatal.
+	wantInputB := float64(vllmPromptTokens) / 1000 * inRateB
+	var repriced api.AgentNetworkAccessLog
+	var lastSession string
+	// The cost last read, kept separately: repriced is the zero value on every
+	// path that gives up, so reporting its cost would say "$0.000000" whether
+	// the rows were still at rate A or no row was ever read.
+	var lastCost float64
+	var sawRow bool
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(repriceDeadline)
+	// Everything inside the loop runs under the deadline rather than the
+	// test's own context. An attempt started just before it would otherwise
+	// run well past it: the chat container is capped at 90s of its own and the
+	// row lookup at another 20s, so the loop could report a repricing failure
+	// nearly two minutes after the window it was given had closed.
+	repriceCtx, cancelReprice := context.WithDeadline(ctx, deadline)
+	defer cancelReprice()
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		lastSession = fmt.Sprintf("e2e-session-reprice-b-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+		code, _, cerr := env.client.Chat(repriceCtx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, harness.WireChat, customModel, "Reply with exactly: pong", lastSession)
+		if cerr != nil || code != 200 {
+			if !waitBeforeRetry(repriceCtx, 5*time.Second) {
+				break
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		row, ok := lookupAccessLogBySession(repriceCtx, lastSession, repriceIngestWindow)
+		if !ok {
+			// No row for this request. The proxy now publishes a rebuilt chain
+			// before the route that reaches it, so a request can no longer be
+			// served unattributed mid-update; this retry covers the ingest
+			// window alone. Fire another one under a fresh session.
+			t.Logf("no access-log row for session %q within %s; retrying under a fresh session", lastSession, repriceIngestWindow)
+			continue
+		}
+		if inDelta(row.InputCostUsd, wantInputB, 1e-6) {
+			repriced = row
+			break
+		}
+		// Still priced at the old rate — the push hasn't landed yet; retry.
+		lastCost, sawRow = row.InputCostUsd, true
+		if !waitBeforeRetry(repriceCtx, 5*time.Second) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	lastSeen := "no row was ever read"
+	if sawRow {
+		lastSeen = fmt.Sprintf("last input_cost_usd=$%.6f", lastCost)
+	}
+	require.NotEmpty(t, repriced.Id, "a request after the price change must be priced at the new rate B; %s, wanted $%.6f\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s",
+		lastSeen, wantInputB, env.proxy.Logs(context.Background()))
+
+	assertOpenAICostAtRates(t, repriced, inRateB, outRateB)
+	verifyUsageRowForSession(t, lastSession, inRateB, outRateB)
+
+	// The original request keeps its original cost: repricing is not retroactive.
+	rowAStill := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionA)
+	assertOpenAICostAtRates(t, rowAStill, inRateA, outRateA)
+	verifyUsageRowForSession(t, sessionA, inRateA, outRateA)
+}
+
+// TestPricingDefaultsFileDrivesCost proves the operator-supplied pricing
+// defaults file is what the proxy bills with. The harness configures
+// server.agentNetwork.pricingDefaultsFile as a BARE FILENAME and writes that
+// file into the bind-mounted datadir (see harness.PricingDefaultsFileName), so a
+// pass exercises the whole chain: combined yaml → ToManagementConfig →
+// pricing.LoadFile (relative path resolved against datadir) → DefaultTable →
+// the synthesizer's cost_meter defaults payload → the proxy's lookup.
+//
+// The provider enumerates NO models, so it is a catch-all route with no
+// per-provider-record pricing entry at all — the only rates that can price the
+// request are the shipped defaults. The model is a real catalog model whose
+// built-in rates the file replaces with deliberately odd values, so billing at
+// the compiled-in rates (i.e. the file never loaded) fails the assertions.
+func TestPricingDefaultsFileDrivesCost(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// nil models: a gateway-style provider claiming every model. The synthesizer
+	// ships no per-record entry for it, so the defaults table is its price list.
+	env := provisionPricedProvider(t, ctx, "defaultsfile", nil)
+
+	sessionID := "e2e-session-defaultsfile"
+	body := chatOnce(t, ctx, env, harness.PricedDefaultModel, sessionID)
+	require.Contains(t, body, "chat.completion", "body should be an OpenAI-compatible completion; got: %s", body)
+
+	row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionID)
+	require.NotNil(t, row.Model, "access-log row must carry the requested model")
+	assert.Equal(t, harness.PricedDefaultModel, *row.Model, "the row must be stamped with the requested model")
+
+	// The file's rates, not the compiled-in catalog rates for this model.
+	assertOpenAICostAtRates(t, row, harness.PricedDefaultInputPer1k, harness.PricedDefaultOutputPer1k)
+	verifyUsageRowForSession(t, sessionID, harness.PricedDefaultInputPer1k, harness.PricedDefaultOutputPer1k)
+}
+
+// TestPricingDefaultsFileLeavesOtherModelsAlone proves the defaults file merges
+// per entry rather than replacing the whole table: the file names exactly one
+// model, so a DIFFERENT catalog model must still bill at its compiled-in rates.
+// Without this, a file that shipped as a wholesale replacement would silently
+// zero-cost every model the operator didn't list, and TestPricingDefaultsFile-
+// DrivesCost alone would not notice.
+func TestPricingDefaultsFileLeavesOtherModelsAlone(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// gpt-4o-mini is a catalog model the pricing file does NOT mention, so it must
+	// keep its built-in rates. Pinned here independently of the catalog source so
+	// a rate change in either place surfaces as a failure to reconcile rather
+	// than passing silently.
+	const (
+		untouchedModel = "gpt-4o-mini"
+		builtinInRate  = 0.00015
+		builtinOutRate = 0.0006
+	)
+
+	env := provisionPricedProvider(t, ctx, "defaultsfileother", nil)
+
+	sessionID := "e2e-session-defaultsfile-other"
+	chatOnce(t, ctx, env, untouchedModel, sessionID)
+
+	row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionID)
+	assertOpenAICostAtRates(t, row, builtinInRate, builtinOutRate)
+	verifyUsageRowForSession(t, sessionID, builtinInRate, builtinOutRate)
+}
+
+// TestCustomModelAccessLogAttribution proves a custom (non-catalog) model is
+// handled correctly in the ACCESS LOG, not just in the cost columns. The other
+// tests here assert money; this one asserts the row's identity and attribution
+// dimensions — the columns the dashboard filters, groups and drills down on.
+//
+// A custom model id is the interesting case precisely because nothing in
+// NetBird's catalog describes it. Its provider vendor, parser surface, cost
+// buckets, and dashboard filterability all have to come from the operator's
+// provider record rather than from a compiled-in entry. So this checks:
+//
+//   - the row is stamped with the REQUESTED model id verbatim, not the mock
+//     upstream's response model (Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct) and not a
+//     normalized or catalog-substituted id;
+//   - provider is the vendor SURFACE ("openai", from the catalog entry's
+//     ParserID) — a custom model does not change which wire shape was spoken;
+//   - resolved_provider_id / selected_policy_id / group_ids attribute the row to
+//     the operator's provider record, the authorising policy, and the caller's
+//     group, so spend on a custom model is attributable;
+//   - decision is "allow" with no deny reason, and the request dimensions
+//     (status 200, POST, the OpenAI chat path, non-stream, source IP, duration)
+//     are recorded;
+//   - management's SERVER-SIDE model filter finds the row by its custom id, so
+//     the model column is genuinely indexed and queryable rather than merely
+//     stored;
+//   - prompt/completion capture stays empty, since prompt collection is off by
+//     default and a custom model must not bypass that gate.
+func TestCustomModelAccessLogAttribution(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// A model id no catalog entry carries, at odd rates so its cost cannot come
+	// from anywhere but the provider record.
+	const (
+		customModel = "e2e-attribution-model-v9"
+		inRate      = 0.0271
+		outRate     = 0.0913
+	)
+
+	env := provisionPricedProvider(t, ctx, "attribution", []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+		{Id: customModel, InputPer1k: inRate, OutputPer1k: outRate},
+	})
+
+	sessionID := "e2e-session-attribution"
+	body := chatOnce(t, ctx, env, customModel, sessionID)
+	require.Contains(t, body, "chat.completion", "body should be an OpenAI-compatible completion; got: %s", body)
+
+	row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionID)
+
+	// Identity: the requested model verbatim. The mock answers with its own
+	// served model id, so a row carrying that instead means the log is sourced
+	// from the response body rather than the parsed request.
+	require.NotNil(t, row.Model, "access-log row must carry the requested model")
+	assert.Equal(t, customModel, *row.Model,
+		"the row must be stamped with the requested custom model id verbatim, not the mock upstream's response model (%s)", harness.VLLMModel)
+
+	// Surface: a custom model id does not change the wire shape that was spoken.
+	// provider is the vendor surface from the catalog entry's parser, which is
+	// also the key the cost meter's cache formula switches on.
+	require.NotNil(t, row.Provider, "access-log row must carry the vendor surface")
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai", *row.Provider,
+		"openai_api's parser surface is openai, regardless of how exotic the model id is")
+
+	// Attribution: which provider record served it, which policy authorised it,
+	// and which group the authorisation came through. Without these, spend on a
+	// custom model can be seen but not attributed.
+	require.NotNil(t, row.ResolvedProviderId, "row must name the provider record that served the request")
+	assert.Equal(t, env.providerID, *row.ResolvedProviderId,
+		"the router stamps the operator's provider record id; a custom model must attribute to the record that enumerated it")
+	require.NotNil(t, row.SelectedPolicyId, "row must name the policy that authorised the request")
+	assert.Equal(t, env.policyID, *row.SelectedPolicyId,
+		"the policy carrying the token limit is the one that paid for the request")
+	require.NotNil(t, row.GroupIds, "row must carry the authorising group ids")
+	assert.Contains(t, *row.GroupIds, env.groupID,
+		"the caller's group is the policy's source group, so it must be the authorising group")
+
+	// Decision + request dimensions.
+	require.NotNil(t, row.Decision, "row must carry the policy decision")
+	assert.Equal(t, "allow", *row.Decision, "the uncapped policy allows this request")
+	if row.DenyReason != nil {
+		assert.Empty(t, *row.DenyReason, "an allowed request must carry no deny reason")
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, row.StatusCode, "the mock upstream answers 200")
+	if row.Method != nil {
+		assert.Equal(t, "POST", *row.Method, "a chat completion is a POST")
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, row.Path, "row must record the request path")
+	assert.Equal(t, "/v1/chat/completions", *row.Path,
+		"the OpenAI chat path the client called, as seen by the proxy")
+	require.NotNil(t, row.Host, "row must record the host the client addressed")
+	assert.Equal(t, env.endpoint, *row.Host, "the agent-network endpoint the client resolved")
+	if row.Stream != nil {
+		assert.False(t, *row.Stream, "the harness sends a non-streaming request")
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, row.SourceIp, "row must record the caller's tunnel IP")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, *row.SourceIp, "the request arrived over the tunnel, so a source IP is known")
+
+	// Tokens and cost, so the attribution above is anchored to a real priced row
+	// rather than an empty shell that happens to carry the right ids.
+	assertOpenAICostAtRates(t, row, inRate, outRate)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, vllmPromptTokens+vllmCompletionTokens, row.TotalTokens,
+		"total_tokens is the mock's reported total")
+
+	// Prompt capture is off by default (account master switch), and a custom
+	// model must not bypass that gate.
+	if row.RequestPrompt != nil {
+		assert.Empty(t, *row.RequestPrompt, "prompt collection is off by default, so no prompt may be stored")
+	}
+	if row.ResponseCompletion != nil {
+		assert.Empty(t, *row.ResponseCompletion, "prompt collection is off by default, so no completion may be stored")
+	}
+
+	// Queryability: management's SERVER-SIDE model filter must find the row by
+	// its custom id. findAccessLogBySession above scans a page client-side, so
+	// this is the check that the model column is actually indexed and filterable
+	// — the dashboard's per-model drill-down on a custom model depends on it.
+	filtered, err := srv.ListAccessLogsFiltered(ctx, url.Values{"model": []string{customModel}})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "filter access logs by the custom model id")
+	require.Positive(t, filtered.TotalRecords, "the custom model must be findable via the server-side model filter")
+	foundSession := false
+	for _, r := range filtered.Data {
+		require.NotNil(t, r.Model, "filtered row must carry a model")
+		assert.Equal(t, customModel, *r.Model, "the model filter must not return rows for other models")
+		if r.SessionId != nil && *r.SessionId == sessionID {
+			foundSession = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, foundSession, "the filtered page must include this test's request")
+
+	// Final raw-SQL audit of the parallel usage row: the ledger must carry the
+	// same custom model, surface, and provider-record attribution as the log.
+	verifyUsageAttributionForSession(t, sessionID, customModel, "openai", env.providerID, env.groupID)
+}
+
+// verifyUsageAttributionForSession checks the usage ledger's attribution columns
+// for a session directly in the management sqlite store — including the group
+// child row, which the API renders but which only exists if the proxy's
+// authorising-group CSV was parsed into normalised rows. The usage table is
+// written unconditionally (independent of the log-collection toggle), so this is
+// the record that must attribute spend even for accounts with logs off.
+func verifyUsageAttributionForSession(t *testing.T, sessionID, wantModel, wantProvider, wantProviderID, wantGroupID string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dbPath, err := srv.SnapshotStoreDB(t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "snapshot management sqlite store")
+
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(dbPath), &gorm.Config{})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "open store snapshot")
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = sqlDB.Close() }()
+
+	var id, provider, model, resolvedProviderID, userID string
+	require.NoError(t, db.Raw(
+		`SELECT id, provider, model, resolved_provider_id, user_id
+		 FROM agent_network_request_usage WHERE session_id = ? ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT 1`, sessionID).
+		Row().Scan(&id, &provider, &model, &resolvedProviderID, &userID),
+		"a usage row must exist for session %q", sessionID)
+
+	t.Logf("[sql] usage attribution session=%s id=%s provider=%s model=%s resolved_provider_id=%s user_id=%s",
+		sessionID, id, provider, model, resolvedProviderID, userID)
+	assert.Equal(t, wantModel, model, "usage row must carry the requested custom model")
+	assert.Equal(t, wantProvider, provider, "usage row must carry the vendor surface")
+	assert.Equal(t, wantProviderID, resolvedProviderID, "usage row must attribute to the operator's provider record")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, userID, "the tunnel peer resolves to a principal, so the usage row must be attributable to it")
+
+	// The authorising group lands in the normalised child table, which is what
+	// the usage overview joins on to break spend down by group.
+	var groupIDs []string
+	require.NoError(t, db.Raw(
+		`SELECT group_id FROM agent_network_request_usage_group WHERE usage_id = ?`, id).
+		Scan(&groupIDs).Error, "read usage group child rows")
+	assert.Contains(t, groupIDs, wantGroupID,
+		"the authorising group must be normalised into a usage_group row so spend can be grouped by it")
+}
+
+// inDelta reports whether a and b are within tol of each other.
+func inDelta(a, b, tol float64) bool {
+	d := a - b
+	if d < 0 {
+		d = -d
+	}
+	return d <= tol
+}
+
+// TestCustomDatedModelKeepsItsOwnPrice covers the review fix that anchored the
+// release-date fallback to Claude ids. Pricing looks every model up through
+// that helper, so while it matched a bare trailing date any operator id ending
+// in eight digits inherited the rate of its undated sibling — a silent
+// mis-bill on models NetBird knows nothing about.
+func TestCustomDatedModelKeepsItsOwnPrice(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	const (
+		baseModel  = "internal-llm"
+		datedModel = "internal-llm-20250101"
+		baseIn     = 0.010
+		baseOut    = 0.020
+		// An order of magnitude apart, so a row billed at the wrong entry is
+		// unmistakable rather than a rounding argument.
+		datedIn  = 0.100
+		datedOut = 0.200
+	)
+
+	env := provisionPricedProvider(t, ctx, "customdated", []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+		{Id: baseModel, InputPer1k: baseIn, OutputPer1k: baseOut},
+		{Id: datedModel, InputPer1k: datedIn, OutputPer1k: datedOut},
+	})
+
+	t.Run("the undated id bills at its own rate", func(t *testing.T) {
+		session := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-session-customdated-base-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+		chatOnce(t, ctx, env, baseModel, session)
+		assertOpenAICostAtRates(t, findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, session), baseIn, baseOut)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("the dated id keeps its own rate", func(t *testing.T) {
+		session := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-session-customdated-dated-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+		chatOnce(t, ctx, env, datedModel, session)
+		row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, session)
+		assertOpenAICostAtRates(t, row, datedIn, datedOut)
+
+		// Spelled out because it is the regression: inheriting the sibling's
+		// rate would bill this request at a tenth of its price.
+		assert.Greater(t, row.InputCostUsd, float64(vllmPromptTokens)/1000*baseIn*2,
+			"a custom dated id must not inherit the undated entry's rate")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/discovery_live_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/discovery_live_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22c9f31c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/discovery_live_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	sharedllm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/llm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestLiveModelDiscovery drives model discovery against the REAL vendor
+// endpoints — OpenAI, Anthropic, Bedrock and Vertex — rather than the mock.
+//
+// The mock upstream proves the filter's mechanics: it advertises ids we chose,
+// so a listing narrowing to the ones we authorised is arithmetic we already
+// controlled both sides of. What it cannot prove is that the filter survives
+// contact with a real catalogue — ids we never enumerated, dated builds whose
+// suffix the vendor picks, surfaces that answer a listing request with
+// something other than a listing. That is what this covers, and it is the part
+// a QA engineer would otherwise have to walk through by hand.
+//
+// One proxy serves every case. Each provider gets its own group, policy and
+// client, because a model-less request matches exactly ONE route
+// (matchModelless): with two providers authorised for the same caller, the
+// listing would go to whichever won the tiebreak and the other would go
+// untested. Group-scoping the caller makes each provider the only candidate
+// for its own client.
+func TestLiveModelDiscovery(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := liveDiscoveryCases()
+	if len(cases) == 0 {
+		t.Skip("no provider keys set; source ~/.llm-keys to run live model discovery")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	t.Logf("[discovery] live matrix: %s", strings.Join(caseNames(cases), ", "))
+
+	// Provision every provider, group and policy before the proxy starts: the
+	// proxy takes a configuration snapshot at connect time and does not
+	// reconcile provider changes made afterwards.
+	keys := make(map[string]string, len(cases))
+	for i := range cases {
+		keys[cases[i].name] = provisionLiveDiscovery(t, ctx, &cases[i])
+	}
+
+	endpoint, firstIP, firstClient, px := connectClient(t, ctx, "disc-live", keys[cases[0].name])
+	clients := map[string]*harness.Client{cases[0].name: firstClient}
+	ips := map[string]string{cases[0].name: firstIP}
+	for _, tc := range cases[1:] {
+		cl := joinClient(t, ctx, px, endpoint, keys[tc.name])
+		ip, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, endpoint)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint from the %s client", tc.name)
+		clients[tc.name] = cl
+		ips[tc.name] = ip
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			runLiveDiscoveryCase(t, ctx, tc, clients[tc.name], endpoint, ips[tc.name])
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// discoveryOutcome is what a discovery request must produce end to end. The
+// three are genuinely different contracts, not degrees of success: only the
+// first puts a bounded listing in front of the caller.
+type discoveryOutcome int
+
+const (
+	// outcomeFiltered: the proxy routes the request and bounds the response to
+	// what the caller may use.
+	outcomeFiltered discoveryOutcome = iota
+	// outcomeDenied: no provider of this shape can serve the surface, so the
+	// proxy refuses rather than rewriting the request onto an upstream that
+	// would 404 it. The caller gets a NetBird error, not a vendor one.
+	outcomeDenied
+	// outcomeUpstreamNoListing: the proxy routes the request to the configured
+	// upstream, and the vendor does not implement the endpoint there. Proxy
+	// side correct, product side a dead end — see the Bedrock case.
+	outcomeUpstreamNoListing
+)
+
+// liveDiscoveryCase is one provider's discovery surface and what the proxy
+// must make of it.
+type liveDiscoveryCase struct {
+	name      string
+	catalogID string
+	upstream  string
+	apiKey    string
+
+	// path is the discovery endpoint the client calls. Not every surface uses
+	// /v1/models: Bedrock lists inference profiles instead.
+	path string
+	// headers the vendor requires on a bare GET (Anthropic versions its API
+	// through a header, and rejects a request without one).
+	headers []string
+
+	// models the provider record enumerates. Empty models a gateway record,
+	// which enumerates nothing and claims everything.
+	models []string
+	// allowlist, when non-empty, is a guardrail narrowing the policy below the
+	// provider's own enumeration — the second of the two bounds discovery
+	// applies, and the only one a provider record alone cannot demonstrate.
+	allowlist []string
+
+	// outcome is what this surface must produce end to end.
+	outcome discoveryOutcome
+
+	// permitted is every id allowed to survive filtering, in the form the
+	// provider record registers it. A surviving id counts as permitted when it
+	// matches one of these outright or after Anthropic date-normalisation.
+	permitted []string
+	// wantHidden are ids the upstream is known to advertise and the bound must
+	// remove. Only set where we enumerate the model ourselves, so the
+	// expectation cannot rot when a vendor changes its catalogue.
+	wantHidden []string
+}
+
+// liveDiscoveryCases builds the matrix from whichever provider credentials are
+// present, mirroring availableProviders' env-var gating so a partial key set
+// still yields partial coverage.
+func liveDiscoveryCases() []liveDiscoveryCase {
+	var cases []liveDiscoveryCase
+
+	// OpenAI enumerates TWO real models and the policy permits one. That is
+	// the only case here where both bounds are observable at once: the
+	// upstream advertises dozens of ids, the provider record cuts them to two,
+	// and the guardrail cuts those to one.
+	if k := os.Getenv("OPENAI_TOKEN"); k != "" {
+		cases = append(cases, liveDiscoveryCase{
+			name: "openai", catalogID: "openai_api", upstream: "https://api.openai.com", apiKey: k,
+			path:       "/v1/models",
+			models:     []string{"gpt-4o-mini", "gpt-4o"},
+			allowlist:  []string{"gpt-4o-mini"},
+			outcome:    outcomeFiltered,
+			permitted:  []string{"gpt-4o-mini"},
+			wantHidden: []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Anthropic is the surface Claude Code actually calls. Its listing returns
+	// DATED build ids (claude-haiku-4-5-20251001) while the provider record
+	// registers the undated id, so this is the case that proves the filter's
+	// date-normalisation against ids the vendor chose rather than ids we wrote.
+	if k := os.Getenv("ANTHROPIC_TOKEN"); k != "" {
+		cases = append(cases, liveDiscoveryCase{
+			name: "anthropic", catalogID: "anthropic_api", upstream: "https://api.anthropic.com", apiKey: k,
+			path:      "/v1/models",
+			headers:   []string{"anthropic-version: 2023-06-01"},
+			models:    []string{"claude-haiku-4-5"},
+			outcome:   outcomeFiltered,
+			permitted: []string{"claude-haiku-4-5"},
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Bedrock lists inference profiles, not models: matchModelless routes
+	// /inference-profiles to a Bedrock route and refuses /v1/models for one.
+	//
+	// The listing is served by the CONTROL PLANE (bedrock.<region>), not the
+	// runtime host a provider record must point at for InvokeModel — the
+	// runtime host answers <UnknownOperationException/>. The router now sends
+	// the listing, and only the listing, to the control plane, so this case
+	// asserts a real filtered listing rather than the 404 it used to get.
+	//
+	// The mock upstream cannot show any of this: it answers
+	// /inference-profiles on the same listener as everything else, so a
+	// mock-based test passes whichever host the request went to.
+	if k := os.Getenv("AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK"); k != "" {
+		region := os.Getenv("AWS_REGION")
+		if region == "" {
+			region = "eu-central-1"
+		}
+		model := os.Getenv("AWS_BEDROCK_MODEL")
+		if model == "" {
+			model = "global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6"
+		}
+		cases = append(cases, liveDiscoveryCase{
+			name: "bedrock", catalogID: "bedrock_api",
+			upstream: "https://bedrock-runtime." + region + ".amazonaws.com", apiKey: k,
+			path: "/inference-profiles",
+			// Registered verbatim, as an operator would copy it from AWS: the
+			// region prefix is what makes the id invocable, and the listing
+			// returns ids in exactly this form.
+			models:    []string{model},
+			outcome:   outcomeFiltered,
+			permitted: []string{model},
+		})
+	}
+
+	// Vertex carries the model in the rawPredict path and serves no listing
+	// endpoint at all, so the proxy must refuse discovery rather than rewrite
+	// it onto an upstream that would 404.
+	if sa := os.Getenv("GOOGLE_VERTEX_SA_BASE64"); sa != "" {
+		if project := os.Getenv("GOOGLE_VERTEX_PROJECT"); project != "" {
+			region := os.Getenv("GOOGLE_VERTEX_REGION")
+			if region == "" {
+				region = "global"
+			}
+			host := "aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+			if region != "global" {
+				host = region + "-aiplatform.googleapis.com"
+			}
+			cases = append(cases, liveDiscoveryCase{
+				name: "vertex", catalogID: "vertex_ai_api", upstream: "https://" + host,
+				apiKey:  "keyfile::" + sa,
+				path:    "/v1/models",
+				outcome: outcomeDenied,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	return cases
+}
+
+// provisionLiveDiscovery creates the group, provider, optional guardrail and
+// policy for one case, and returns the setup key a client joins that group
+// with. Scoping each provider to its own group is what keeps it the only
+// candidate for its own client's model-less request.
+func provisionLiveDiscovery(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, tc *liveDiscoveryCase) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-disc-live-" + tc.name})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group for %s", tc.name)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-disc-live-" + tc.name,
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key for %s", tc.name)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext for %s", tc.name)
+
+	req := api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "e2e-disc-live-" + tc.name,
+		ProviderId:  tc.catalogID,
+		UpstreamUrl: tc.upstream,
+		ApiKey:      &tc.apiKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+	}
+	if len(tc.models) > 0 {
+		models := make([]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel, 0, len(tc.models))
+		for _, id := range tc.models {
+			models = append(models, api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{Id: id, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002})
+		}
+		req.Models = &models
+	}
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, req)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create provider %s", tc.name)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	polReq := api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-disc-live-" + tc.name,
+		Enabled:                ptr(true),
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+	}
+	if len(tc.allowlist) > 0 {
+		var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+		gr.Name = "e2e-disc-live-" + tc.name
+		gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+		gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = tc.allowlist
+		g, gerr := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+		require.NoError(t, gerr, "create guardrail for %s", tc.name)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), g.Id) })
+		polReq.GuardrailIds = &[]string{g.Id}
+	}
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, polReq)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy for %s", tc.name)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	return sk.Key
+}
+
+// runLiveDiscoveryCase issues the discovery request and reports everything the
+// vendor said before asserting on any of it. The log is the point on the first
+// run: a live catalogue is the one input we do not control, so a failure has to
+// arrive with the response that caused it rather than just a count.
+func runLiveDiscoveryCase(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, tc liveDiscoveryCase, cl *harness.Client, endpoint, proxyIP string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	// A single request is enough for the two non-listing outcomes, and retrying
+	// them would burn the retry window waiting for a status that is never
+	// coming.
+	if tc.outcome != outcomeFiltered {
+		code, body, err := cl.Get(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, tc.path, tc.headers)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "request must reach the proxy")
+		t.Logf("[discovery] %s GET %s -> %d; body: %s", tc.name, tc.path, code, truncate(body, 2000))
+		assert.NotEqual(t, 200, code,
+			"%s serves no bounded listing, so a 200 here would mean the caller was handed a picker nothing narrows; body: %s",
+			tc.name, truncate(body, 2000))
+
+		// Which side refused is the whole distinction between these two
+		// outcomes, and a NetBird error is the thing that tells them apart: the
+		// middleware chain stamps its own name on anything it generates.
+		if tc.outcome == outcomeDenied {
+			assert.True(t, isProxyError(body),
+				"%s serves no listing endpoint at all, so the proxy must refuse the request itself rather than forward it to an upstream that would answer for us; body: %s",
+				tc.name, truncate(body, 2000))
+			return
+		}
+		assert.False(t, isProxyError(body),
+			"%s discovery must be routed to the configured upstream and refused by the vendor, not blocked by the proxy; body: %s",
+			tc.name, truncate(body, 2000))
+		return
+	}
+
+	code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+		return cl.Get(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, tc.path, tc.headers)
+	}, 200)
+	// Status only, not the body. A Bedrock listing embeds inference-profile
+	// ARNs carrying the 12-digit AWS account id, and these job logs are
+	// readable by anyone who can see the run. The ids line below is the finding
+	// anyway. The failure paths below are the same log: a listing that fails to
+	// arrive is an AWS refusal naming the resource it refused, and that name is
+	// an ARN carrying the same account id.
+	t.Logf("[discovery] %s GET %s -> %d", tc.name, tc.path, code)
+	require.Equal(t, 200, code, "%s discovery must be served; response was %s", tc.name, bodyShape(body))
+
+	ids, ok := listingIDs(body)
+	require.Truef(t, ok,
+		"%s answered discovery with something other than a {\"data\":[{\"id\":…}]} listing, which the filter forwards untouched — the caller would get an unbounded picker; response was %s",
+		tc.name, bodyShape(body))
+	sort.Strings(ids)
+	t.Logf("[discovery] %s: %d ids after filtering: %s", tc.name, len(ids), strings.Join(ids, ", "))
+
+	require.NotEmpty(t, ids, "%s filtered the listing down to nothing; the caller would see an empty picker", tc.name)
+
+	permitted := make(map[string]struct{}, len(tc.permitted)*2)
+	for _, id := range tc.permitted {
+		permitted[id] = struct{}{}
+		permitted[sharedllm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(id)] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		_, direct := permitted[id]
+		_, dated := permitted[sharedllm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(id)]
+		// Bedrock ids carry a region prefix and version suffix the record may
+		// not repeat; the proxy's filter tries the same forms.
+		_, bedrock := permitted[sharedllm.NormalizeBedrockModel(id)]
+		assert.Truef(t, direct || dated || bedrock,
+			"%s offered %q, which no policy on this route permits — every entry the picker shows must be a request the guardrail would allow", tc.name, id)
+	}
+	for _, hidden := range tc.wantHidden {
+		assert.NotContainsf(t, ids, hidden,
+			"%s offered %q, which the provider enumerates but the policy does not permit", tc.name, hidden)
+	}
+}
+
+// isProxyError reports whether a response body was generated by the middleware
+// chain rather than forwarded from a vendor. Every chain-generated error names
+// the middleware that raised it, which no upstream's error body does — so this
+// separates "the proxy refused" from "the proxy routed it and the vendor
+// refused", the two failures that otherwise look alike from the client side.
+func isProxyError(body string) bool {
+	return strings.Contains(body, `"middleware":`)
+}
+
+// listingIDs pulls the model ids out of a listing response. ok is false when
+// the body is neither envelope the proxy's filter recognises — the two must
+// stay in step, or this test reports "not a listing" for a response the proxy
+// filtered perfectly well.
+func listingIDs(body string) ([]string, bool) {
+	var doc struct {
+		// OpenAI's shape, which Anthropic adopted.
+		Data []struct {
+			ID string `json:"id"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+		// Bedrock returns inference-profile summaries under a key of its own,
+		// with the id under a field of its own.
+		Summaries []struct {
+			ID string `json:"inferenceProfileId"`
+		} `json:"inferenceProfileSummaries"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(body), &doc); err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	switch {
+	case doc.Data != nil:
+		ids := make([]string, 0, len(doc.Data))
+		for _, entry := range doc.Data {
+			ids = append(ids, entry.ID)
+		}
+		return ids, true
+	case doc.Summaries != nil:
+		ids := make([]string, 0, len(doc.Summaries))
+		for _, entry := range doc.Summaries {
+			ids = append(ids, entry.ID)
+		}
+		return ids, true
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func caseNames(cases []liveDiscoveryCase) []string {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(cases))
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		names = append(names, c.name)
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+// bodyShape describes a response without quoting any of it: its size and the
+// top-level keys it arrived under. That is what a discovery failure is
+// diagnosed from — which envelope the vendor answered with — and it is all
+// that may go in a message rendered into a public job log, because the values
+// underneath can carry an ARN and its account id.
+func bodyShape(body string) string {
+	var doc map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(body), &doc); err != nil {
+		return strconv.Itoa(len(body)) + " bytes, not a JSON object"
+	}
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(doc))
+	for key := range doc {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return strconv.Itoa(len(body)) + " bytes, an empty JSON object"
+	}
+	return strconv.Itoa(len(body)) + " bytes, keyed by: " + strings.Join(keys, ", ")
+}
+
+// truncate bounds a logged response body. A live catalogue can run to tens of
+// kilobytes, and the useful part is the front.
+func truncate(s string, limit int) string {
+	if len(s) <= limit {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s[:limit] + "… (" + strconv.Itoa(len(s)-limit) + " more bytes)"
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/discovery_multipolicy_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/discovery_multipolicy_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..447c1314c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/discovery_multipolicy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestDiscoveryBoundToCallersPolicies covers a model listing on a provider two
+// teams reach under different allowlists.
+//
+// Bounding the listing by the provider's enumerated models alone is not enough
+// once more than one policy is in play: the caller would be offered every model
+// any team may use, and each one outside their own policy is a request the
+// guardrail refuses a moment later — the empty-or-wrong picker this endpoint
+// exists to avoid, just moved one level up.
+//
+// The client joins the main group only. Both models are enumerated by the same
+// provider and both are advertised by the upstream, so a listing that leaked
+// the other team's model would visibly contain it.
+func TestDiscoveryBoundToCallersPolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grpMain, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-disc-mp-main"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create main group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grpMain.Id) })
+
+	grpOther, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-disc-mp-other"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create other group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grpOther.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	mkKey := func(name, groupID string) string {
+		sk, kerr := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+			Name:       name,
+			Type:       "reusable",
+			ExpiresIn:  86400,
+			UsageLimit: 0,
+			AutoGroups: []string{groupID},
+			Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, kerr, "mint setup key %s", name)
+		require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+		return sk.Key
+	}
+	// One client per group. The second is what makes the first assertion mean
+	// something: without a client that DOES see the other team's model, its
+	// absence from the main client's listing could equally be a policy that
+	// never propagated.
+	keyMain := mkKey("e2e-disc-mp-main-client", grpMain.Id)
+	keyOther := mkKey("e2e-disc-mp-other-client", grpOther.Id)
+
+	// One provider enumerating both models the upstream advertises, so the
+	// listing is narrowed by policy rather than by what the provider serves.
+	staticKey := "static-e2e-token"
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "e2e-disc-mp",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &staticKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models: &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+			{Id: harness.VLLMModel, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.001},
+			{Id: harness.VLLMUnlistedModel, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.001},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	mkGuardrail := func(name, model string) api.AgentNetworkGuardrail {
+		var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+		gr.Name = name
+		gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+		gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = []string{model}
+		g, gerr := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+		require.NoError(t, gerr, "create guardrail %s", name)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), g.Id) })
+		return g
+	}
+	gMain := mkGuardrail("e2e-disc-mp-main", harness.VLLMModel)
+	gOther := mkGuardrail("e2e-disc-mp-other", harness.VLLMUnlistedModel)
+
+	enabled := true
+	polMain, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-disc-mp-main",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grpMain.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{gMain.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create main policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polMain.Id) })
+
+	// The other team's policy, on the same provider, permitting the model the
+	// client must never be offered.
+	polOther, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-disc-mp-other",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grpOther.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{gOther.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create other policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polOther.Id) })
+
+	endpoint, proxyIP, clMain, px := connectClient(t, ctx, "disc-mp", keyMain)
+	clOther := joinClient(t, ctx, px, endpoint, keyOther)
+
+	listing := func(t *testing.T, cl *harness.Client, ip string) string {
+		t.Helper()
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return cl.Get(ctx, endpoint, ip, "/v1/models?limit=1000", nil)
+		}, 200)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, code, "discovery must be served; body: %s", body)
+		return body
+	}
+
+	otherIP, err := clOther.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint from the other client")
+
+	// The other team's client first: seeing its own model proves polOther is
+	// live, so the main client's listing is narrowed by policy scoping rather
+	// than by the other policy having failed to apply at all.
+	otherBody := listing(t, clOther, otherIP)
+	assert.Contains(t, otherBody, harness.VLLMUnlistedModel,
+		"the other group's policy must be in force, or this test proves nothing")
+	assert.NotContains(t, otherBody, harness.VLLMModel,
+		"and it must not be offered the main group's model either — isolation runs both ways")
+
+	mainBody := listing(t, clMain, proxyIP)
+	assert.Contains(t, mainBody, harness.VLLMModel,
+		"the model the caller's own policy permits must reach the picker")
+	assert.NotContains(t, mainBody, harness.VLLMUnlistedModel,
+		"a model only another group's policy permits must not be offered to this caller")
+}
+
+// joinClient starts a second tunnel client against an already-running proxy, so
+// a test can drive the same endpoint as two different group memberships without
+// paying for a second proxy.
+func joinClient(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, px *harness.Proxy, endpoint, setupKey string) *harness.Client {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, setupKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start second client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "second client must connect to management")
+	_, err = cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "second client could not resolve the endpoint")
+	// Guarded rather than passed straight to require: px.Logs pulls the whole
+	// proxy container log, which is only worth fetching when the wait failed.
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		require.NoError(t, err, "second client did not see the proxy peer\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s",
+			px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+	return cl
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/gateway_protocol_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/gateway_protocol_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c21a4fc53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/gateway_protocol_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// Models each catalog surface is registered with in the matrix below. They
+// differ per provider so the router's choice is unambiguous: a request that
+// lands on the wrong provider record fails the surface assertion instead of
+// passing by coincidence.
+const (
+	matrixAnthropicModel = "claude-sonnet-5"
+	matrixBedrockModel   = "anthropic.claude-sonnet-5"
+	// matrixBedrockPathModel is what a Bedrock SDK client puts in the URL: a
+	// cross-region inference profile with a release date and version suffix.
+	// The proxy must normalise it back to matrixBedrockModel to route and price.
+	matrixBedrockPathModel = "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-20250101-v1:0"
+	// matrixVertexModel differs from the Anthropic record's model on purpose:
+	// a shared id would leave two routes claiming it and make which one serves
+	// /v1/messages depend on declaration order.
+	matrixVertexModel   = "claude-haiku-4-5"
+	matrixVertexProject = "e2e-project"
+	matrixVertexRegion  = "us-east5"
+)
+
+// gatewayEnv is a connected client plus a set of provider records, all pointed
+// at one mock upstream, so several wire shapes can be driven over a single
+// tunnel.
+type gatewayEnv struct {
+	endpoint string
+	proxyIP  string
+	client   *harness.Client
+	proxy    *harness.Proxy
+	vllm     *harness.VLLM
+	// providerIDs maps the catalog id to the created provider record id.
+	providerIDs map[string]string
+}
+
+// provisionGatewayMatrix brings up one mock upstream and one provider record
+// per catalog surface, all authorised for the same group by a single policy.
+// Sharing one proxy and client keeps the wire-shape cases to one tunnel setup;
+// each case still creates its own session id so its access-log row is findable.
+func provisionGatewayMatrix(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context) gatewayEnv {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-gw-matrix"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-gw-matrix-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	// The mock ignores auth, so a dummy credential satisfies each catalog
+	// entry's auth template. Vertex is the exception: its api_key is a GCP
+	// service-account keyfile the proxy mints an OAuth token from, and a dummy
+	// one cannot mint. That is deliberate — the Vertex case below asserts on
+	// routing, which happens before the token mint.
+	dummyKey := "sk-gw-e2e"
+	dummyKeyfile := "keyfile::" + "e2e-not-a-real-service-account-key"
+
+	specs := []struct {
+		name      string
+		catalogID string
+		apiKey    string
+		models    []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "openai", catalogID: "openai_api", apiKey: dummyKey,
+			models: []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{{Id: harness.VLLMModel, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "anthropic", catalogID: "anthropic_api", apiKey: dummyKey,
+			models: []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{{Id: matrixAnthropicModel, InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "bedrock", catalogID: "bedrock_api", apiKey: dummyKey,
+			models: []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{{Id: matrixBedrockModel, InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vertex", catalogID: "vertex_ai_api", apiKey: dummyKeyfile,
+			models: []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{{Id: matrixVertexModel, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.005}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	providerIDs := make(map[string]string, len(specs))
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(specs))
+	for _, spec := range specs {
+		key := spec.apiKey
+		models := spec.models
+		prov, perr := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+			Name:        "e2e-gw-" + spec.name,
+			ProviderId:  spec.catalogID,
+			UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+			ApiKey:      &key,
+			Enabled:     ptr(true),
+			Models:      &models,
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, perr, "create %s provider", spec.name)
+		id := prov.Id
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), id) })
+		providerIDs[spec.catalogID] = id
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+	}
+
+	// Uncapped token limit: never blocks the handful of tokens driven here, but
+	// switches on usage metering so consumption and cost land in the row.
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-gw-matrix",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: ids,
+		Limits: &api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: api.AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCap:      10_000_000,
+				UserCap:       10_000_000,
+				WindowSeconds: 60,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	endpoint, proxyIP, cl, px := connectClient(t, ctx, "gw-matrix", sk.Key)
+	return gatewayEnv{
+		endpoint:    endpoint,
+		proxyIP:     proxyIP,
+		client:      cl,
+		proxy:       px,
+		vllm:        vllm,
+		providerIDs: providerIDs,
+	}
+}
+
+// connectClient starts a proxy and a tunnel client for the shared account and
+// waits until the client can reach the proxy peer, returning the endpoint and
+// the proxy's tunnel IP to pin requests to.
+func connectClient(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, name, setupKey string) (string, string, *harness.Client, *harness.Proxy) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-"+name+"-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, setupKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	// The probe resolves the endpoint and its first packet wakes the lazy proxy
+	// peer, so WaitProxyPeer then observes it connected.
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+	return settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, cl, px
+}
+
+// callUntil retries an HTTP call through the tunnel until it returns one of the
+// wanted statuses or the deadline passes, absorbing the DNS and tunnel jitter
+// the first call through a fresh tunnel can hit. The last status and body are
+// returned either way so the caller can assert with real detail.
+func callUntil(t *testing.T, call func() (int, string, error), want ...int) (int, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	wanted := make(map[int]struct{}, len(want))
+	for _, w := range want {
+		wanted[w] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	var code int
+	var body string
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		c, b, err := call()
+		if err == nil {
+			code, body = c, b
+			if _, ok := wanted[code]; ok {
+				return code, body
+			}
+		}
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+	}
+	return code, body
+}
+
+// TestGatewayProtocolProviderMatrix drives one request per wire shape over a
+// single tunnel, with a provider record per catalog surface behind it. It is
+// the regression net for the routing and parser-selection changes: each case
+// asserts the surface the request was metered under and the token counts that
+// surface's own usage block carries, so a request parsed by the wrong provider's
+// parser meters zero and fails rather than passing on a coincidence.
+func TestGatewayProtocolProviderMatrix(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	env := provisionGatewayMatrix(t, ctx)
+	diag := func() string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("\n=== upstream logs ===\n%s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s",
+			env.vllm.Logs(context.Background()), env.proxy.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	t.Run("openai chat completions", func(t *testing.T) {
+		session := "e2e-gw-openai"
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.Chat(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, harness.WireChat, harness.VLLMModel, "ping", session)
+		}, 200)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, code, "openai chat must succeed; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+		require.Contains(t, body, "chat.completion", "body must be an OpenAI completion; got: %s", body)
+
+		row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, session)
+		require.NotNil(t, row.Provider)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai", *row.Provider, "the OpenAI chat path must meter under the openai surface")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(harness.VLLMChatInputTokens), row.InputTokens, "OpenAI usage block must be read")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(harness.VLLMChatOutputTokens), row.OutputTokens)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("anthropic messages", func(t *testing.T) {
+		session := "e2e-gw-anthropic"
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.Chat(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, harness.WireMessages, matrixAnthropicModel, "ping", session)
+		}, 200)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, code, "anthropic messages must succeed; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+
+		row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, session)
+		require.NotNil(t, row.Provider)
+		assert.Equal(t, "anthropic", *row.Provider, "the /v1/messages path must meter under the anthropic surface")
+		// These counts only appear if the Anthropic parser read the response:
+		// its usage fields are named differently from the OpenAI block.
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(harness.VLLMMessagesInputTokens), row.InputTokens,
+			"Anthropic input_tokens must be read; zero here means the wrong parser ran")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(harness.VLLMMessagesOutputTokens), row.OutputTokens)
+		assert.Positive(t, row.CachedInputTokens, "the Anthropic cache-read bucket must be recorded")
+		assert.Positive(t, row.CostUsd, "a metered request must carry a cost")
+		require.NotNil(t, row.ResolvedProviderId)
+		assert.Equal(t, env.providerIDs["anthropic_api"], *row.ResolvedProviderId,
+			"a vendor-tagged request must not cross to another provider's record")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bedrock invoke normalises the path model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		session := "e2e-gw-bedrock"
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.Bedrock(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, matrixBedrockPathModel, "ping", session)
+		}, 200)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, code, "bedrock invoke must succeed; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+
+		row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, session)
+		require.NotNil(t, row.Provider)
+		assert.Equal(t, "bedrock", *row.Provider, "a native Bedrock path must meter under the bedrock surface")
+		require.NotNil(t, row.Model)
+		assert.Equal(t, matrixBedrockModel, *row.Model,
+			"the inference-profile prefix, release date and version suffix must be normalised away")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(harness.VLLMMessagesInputTokens), row.InputTokens)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("anthropic token counting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.PostJSON(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, "/v1/messages/count_tokens",
+				fmt.Sprintf(`{"model":%q,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"ping"}]}`, matrixAnthropicModel),
+				[]string{"anthropic-version: 2023-06-01"})
+		}, 200)
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, code, "token counting must route rather than deny; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bedrock token counting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.PostJSON(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP,
+				"/model/"+matrixBedrockPathModel+"/count-tokens",
+				`{"input":{"converse":{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"text":"ping"}]}]}}}`, nil)
+		}, 200)
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, code,
+			"the Bedrock count-tokens action must route; denying it pushes counting onto the billable inference path; body: %s%s",
+			body, diag())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("vertex token counting reaches its provider", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// The dummy service-account key cannot mint an OAuth token, so the
+		// request stops at the upstream credential. Both outcomes render as
+		// 403, so the deny code is what distinguishes them: upstream_auth_failed
+		// means the path resolved to the Vertex route and only the credential
+		// failed, while model_not_routable would mean the method segment was
+		// swallowed into the model id and no route ever claimed it.
+		path := fmt.Sprintf("/v1/projects/%s/locations/%s/publishers/anthropic/models/%s/count-tokens:rawPredict",
+			matrixVertexProject, matrixVertexRegion, matrixVertexModel)
+		_, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.PostJSON(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, path,
+				`{"anthropic_version":"vertex-2023-10-16","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"ping"}]}`, nil)
+		}, 403)
+		assert.NotContains(t, body, "model_not_routable",
+			"the count-tokens method segment must not be parsed as part of the model id; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+		assert.Contains(t, body, "llm_policy.upstream_auth_failed",
+			"the request must reach the Vertex route and fail only at the credential; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("connection warming probe", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.Get(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, "/api/hello", nil)
+		}, 200)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, 403, code,
+			"the warm-up probe carries no model and must not be refused as unroutable; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown model denies in the caller's error shape", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.Chat(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, harness.WireMessages,
+				"claude-not-a-real-model-9", "ping", "e2e-gw-unknown")
+		}, 403)
+		require.Equal(t, 403, code, "a model no provider claims must still be refused; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+
+		// The NetBird fields stay where they were for existing consumers.
+		assert.Contains(t, body, "llm_policy.model_not_routable", "the deny code must be preserved")
+		// And the vendor's own envelope rides alongside, so the client can show
+		// the reason instead of an unexplained API error.
+		assert.Contains(t, body, `"type":"error"`, "an Anthropic caller must get the Anthropic error envelope")
+		assert.Contains(t, body, "permission_error", "403 must map to the vendor's permission error type")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryWithModelAllowlist covers gateway model discovery on an
+// account that restricts models, which is the configuration that broke: the
+// listing carries no model, and the per-model allowlist fails closed on an
+// undetermined one, so discovery denied for exactly the accounts using the
+// feature. It also asserts the allowlist still refuses a model outside it, so
+// the exemption cannot be read as a way around the gate.
+func TestModelDiscoveryWithModelAllowlist(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-gw-discovery"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-gw-discovery-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	// One provider enumerating a single model, while the upstream's own listing
+	// advertises two. The proxy must serve the shorter list.
+	dummyKey := "sk-discovery-e2e"
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "e2e-gw-discovery",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &dummyKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models: &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+			{Id: harness.VLLMModel, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	// The model allowlist is what makes this a regression test: without a
+	// guardrail enabled, discovery was never gated in the first place.
+	var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+	gr.Name = "e2e-gw-discovery-allowlist"
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = []string{harness.VLLMModel}
+	guard, err := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create guardrail")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), guard.Id) })
+
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-gw-discovery",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{guard.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	endpoint, proxyIP, cl, px := connectClient(t, ctx, "gw-discovery", sk.Key)
+	diag := func() string {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("\n=== upstream logs ===\n%s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s",
+			vllm.Logs(context.Background()), px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	t.Run("listing is served and bounded by policy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return cl.Get(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, "/v1/models?limit=1000", nil)
+		}, 200)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, code,
+			"discovery must not be refused because the request carries no model; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+
+		assert.Contains(t, body, harness.VLLMModel, "the authorised model must reach the picker")
+		assert.NotContains(t, body, harness.VLLMUnlistedModel,
+			"a model the policy does not authorise must not be offered; body: %s", body)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("allowlist still refuses a model outside it", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return cl.Chat(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, harness.WireChat,
+				harness.VLLMUnlistedModel, "ping", "e2e-gw-discovery-blocked")
+		}, 403)
+		require.Equal(t, 403, code,
+			"exempting model-less endpoints must not exempt inference; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+		assert.True(t,
+			strings.Contains(body, "llm_policy.model_blocked") || strings.Contains(body, "llm_policy.model_not_routable"),
+			"the refusal must name a model policy code; body: %s", body)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("allowlisted model still routes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return cl.Chat(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, harness.WireChat,
+				harness.VLLMModel, "ping", "e2e-gw-discovery-allowed")
+		}, 200)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, code, "the allowlisted model must still be served; body: %s%s", body, diag())
+	})
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/gateway_review_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/gateway_review_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..556bc4a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/gateway_review_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// The cases in this file cover behaviour that arrived from code review, after
+// the gateway-protocol end-to-end tests were written. Each had unit coverage
+// only; none needed a new harness capability, which is why they belong here
+// rather than on a manual checklist.
+
+// TestNonInferenceEndpointsAreAuthorised covers the two review findings on the
+// endpoints that carry no body: the per-model lookup must be authorised
+// against the same allowlist that bounds the listing beside it, and only a read
+// method may claim the non-inference exemption that skips the token pre-flight.
+func TestNonInferenceEndpointsAreAuthorised(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	env := provisionDiscoveryProvider(t, ctx)
+
+	t.Run("lookup of an authorised model succeeds", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.Get(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, "/v1/models/"+harness.VLLMModel, nil)
+		}, 200)
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, code, "an allowlisted model must remain reachable; body: %s", body)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("lookup of an unauthorised model is refused", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body, err := env.client.Get(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, "/v1/models/"+harness.VLLMUnlistedModel, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "request must reach the proxy")
+		assert.Equal(t, 403, code,
+			"a model the policy does not authorise must not be confirmed by the detail lookup; body: %s", body)
+	})
+
+	// A write must not claim the exemption that lets the listing skip the token
+	// pre-flight. The body names no model on purpose: that is what a request
+	// probing for the exemption looks like, and it is the case the method gate
+	// exists to refuse. (A POST that does name a model is a different thing —
+	// it routes and meters as the inference request it is.)
+	for _, path := range []string{"/v1/models", "/v1/models/" + harness.VLLMModel, "/api/hello"} {
+		t.Run("write to "+path+" is refused", func(t *testing.T) {
+			code, body, err := env.client.PostJSON(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, path,
+				`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "request must reach the proxy")
+			assert.NotEqual(t, 200, code,
+				"a write to a non-inference path must not be served unmetered; body: %s", body)
+		})
+	}
+
+	// A request carrying the sub-agent attribution headers must still be served
+	// and metered normally. Asserting the ids themselves is not possible yet:
+	// the parser lifts them onto the request's metadata, but nothing persists
+	// them, so they have no queryable surface to check against.
+	t.Run("sub-agent headers do not disturb the request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		sessionID := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-session-agentid-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+		code, body, err := env.client.PostJSON(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, "/v1/chat/completions",
+			fmt.Sprintf(`{"model":%q,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"Reply with exactly: pong"}]}`, harness.VLLMModel),
+			[]string{
+				"x-session-id: " + sessionID,
+				"x-claude-code-agent-id: agent-child-7",
+				"x-claude-code-parent-agent-id: agent-root-1",
+			})
+		require.NoError(t, err, "request must reach the proxy")
+		require.Equal(t, 200, code, "the request must succeed; body: %s", body)
+
+		row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionID)
+		assert.Positive(t, row.InputTokens, "the request must still be metered normally")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestDatedModelIdRouting covers both halves of the dated-id rule that review
+// tightened: a dated id still reaches an undated registration, but a route
+// pinned to one dated build must never serve a different one.
+func TestDatedModelIdRouting(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	const (
+		undated = "claude-sonnet-9"
+		datedA  = "claude-sonnet-9-20250101"
+		datedB  = "claude-sonnet-9-20250202"
+	)
+
+	t.Run("a dated id reaches its undated registration", func(t *testing.T) {
+		env := provisionModelProvider(t, ctx, "dated-undated", "anthropic_api", undated)
+
+		sessionID := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-session-dated-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.Chat(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, harness.WireMessages, datedA, "Reply with exactly: pong", sessionID)
+		}, 200)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, code, "a pinned release of a registered family must route; body: %s", body)
+
+		row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionID)
+		assert.Positive(t, row.InputTokens, "the dated request must price at the registered rate, not zero")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a route pinned to one dated build refuses another", func(t *testing.T) {
+		env := provisionModelProvider(t, ctx, "dated-pinned", "anthropic_api", datedA)
+
+		code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+			return env.client.Chat(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, harness.WireMessages, datedA, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		}, 200)
+		require.Equal(t, 200, code, "the exact dated id must still route; body: %s", body)
+
+		code, body, err := env.client.Chat(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, harness.WireMessages, datedB, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		require.NoError(t, err, "request must reach the proxy")
+		assert.Equal(t, 403, code,
+			"a provider pinned to one dated build must not serve another; body: %s", body)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestBedrockInferenceProfilesReachTheUpstream covers the startup lookup a
+// Bedrock client makes. The proxy forwards it to the configured upstream rather
+// than denying it, so what comes back is the upstream's answer — never a
+// NetBird policy rejection.
+func TestBedrockInferenceProfilesReachTheUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	env := provisionModelProvider(t, ctx, "infprofiles", "bedrock_api", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-5")
+
+	code, body := callUntil(t, func() (int, string, error) {
+		return env.client.Get(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, "/inference-profiles", nil)
+	}, 200)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, code, "the lookup must reach the upstream; body: %s", body)
+	assert.NotContains(t, body, "llm_policy.",
+		"the proxy must not answer a control-plane lookup with a policy denial")
+	assert.Contains(t, body, "inferenceProfileSummaries",
+		"the upstream's own answer must come back untouched")
+}
+
+// provisionDiscoveryProvider brings up one mock-backed provider enumerating a
+// single model, with an allowlist guardrail in effect, plus a connected client.
+func provisionDiscoveryProvider(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context) pricedEnv {
+	t.Helper()
+	env := provisionModelProvider(t, ctx, "noninference", "openai_api", harness.VLLMModel)
+
+	var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+	gr.Name = "e2e-noninference-allowlist-" + fmt.Sprint(time.Now().UnixNano())
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = []string{harness.VLLMModel}
+	guard, err := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create guardrail")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), guard.Id) })
+
+	enabled := true
+	_, err = srv.UpdatePolicy(ctx, env.policyID, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-noninference",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{env.groupID},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{env.providerID},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{guard.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "attach guardrail to policy")
+	return env
+}
+
+// provisionModelProvider brings up the mock, one provider under the given
+// catalog id enumerating exactly one model, an authorising policy, and a
+// connected proxy + client.
+func provisionModelProvider(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, name, catalogID, model string) pricedEnv {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	suffix := strings.ToLower(name)
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-gwr-" + suffix})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-gwr-" + suffix + "-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	dummyKey := "sk-gwr-e2e"
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "e2e-gwr-" + suffix,
+		ProviderId:  catalogID,
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &dummyKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models: &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+			{Id: model, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-gwr-" + suffix,
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		Limits: &api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: api.AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCap:      10_000_000,
+				UserCap:       10_000_000,
+				WindowSeconds: 60,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	endpoint, proxyIP, cl, px := connectClient(t, ctx, "gwr-"+suffix, sk.Key)
+	return pricedEnv{
+		providerID: prov.Id,
+		groupID:    grp.Id,
+		policyID:   pol.Id,
+		upstream:   vllm.URL,
+		endpoint:   endpoint,
+		proxyIP:    proxyIP,
+		client:     cl,
+		proxy:      px,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_block_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_block_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..302b5107e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_block_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// pathRoutedGuardrailCase is one provider's self-contained scenario: its own
+// provider, its own guardrail whose allowlist holds ONLY that provider's
+// allowed model, and its own policy. Each case runs in isolation (its own
+// proxy + client), so the guardrail the proxy enforces contains exactly this
+// provider's model — never a mixed cross-provider list.
+type pathRoutedGuardrailCase struct {
+	name       string
+	catalogID  string // agent-network catalog provider id
+	wire       string // harness.WireVertex | harness.WireBedrock
+	allowEntry string // the single model id put on the guardrail allowlist
+	allowModel string // model id sent that MUST be served (200)
+	blockModel string // model id sent that MUST be denied (403 model_blocked)
+}
+
+// TestGuardrailBlocksUnselectedModel_PathRouted is the end-to-end regression
+// guard for the customer report that a model-allowlist guardrail attached to a
+// policy has no effect for PATH-ROUTED providers — where the model travels in
+// the URL, not the JSON body: Google Vertex (…/models/{model}:rawPredict) and
+// AWS Bedrock (/model/{id}/invoke).
+//
+// Each provider is tested in isolation with a guardrail allowlisting a single
+// model of its own: the allowed model (in the URL path) is served (200) and an
+// unselected model (in the URL path) is denied 403 by the guardrail
+// (llm_policy.model_blocked) before the upstream. The Vertex case mirrors the
+// customer verbatim — allow Sonnet, and the unselected model is the exact
+// claude-opus-4-6 they reported reaching the model unblocked. The Bedrock case
+// sends a region-prefixed, versioned inference-profile id so URL-path model
+// normalization is exercised too.
+//
+// The provider is catch-all (no models), so the router forwards any model and a
+// 403 can only come from the guardrail, never model_not_routable. Only the
+// upstream LLM is mocked (the vLLM nginx answers any path with 200); management
+// synth/reconcile, the proxy middleware chain (URL-path model extraction,
+// router, guardrail) and the tunnel are all real, and the guardrail denies
+// before the upstream is dialed so the mock cannot influence the block. A
+// static bearer api key is used so the router injects a static Authorization
+// header instead of minting a GCP token — the only reason path-routed providers
+// normally need live credentials — so the test runs with none and is always on.
+func TestGuardrailBlocksUnselectedModel_PathRouted(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []pathRoutedGuardrailCase{
+		{
+			name:       "vertex",
+			catalogID:  "vertex_ai_api",
+			wire:       harness.WireVertex,
+			allowEntry: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+			allowModel: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+			blockModel: "claude-opus-4-6", // the customer-reported model
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "bedrock",
+			catalogID:  "bedrock_api",
+			wire:       harness.WireBedrock,
+			allowEntry: "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", // normalized catalog id
+			allowModel: "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-v1:0",
+			blockModel: "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-8-v1:0",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			runPathRoutedGuardrailCase(t, tc)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func runPathRoutedGuardrailCase(t *testing.T, tc pathRoutedGuardrailCase) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	const (
+		vertexProject = "e2e-project"
+		vertexRegion  = "global"
+	)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-guardrail-" + tc.name})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-guardrail-" + tc.name + "-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	// Catch-all provider (no models) so the router forwards any model; a static
+	// bearer key means the router injects a static auth header instead of minting
+	// a GCP token.
+	staticKey := "static-e2e-token"
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        tc.name,
+		ProviderId:  tc.catalogID,
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &staticKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create %s provider", tc.name)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	// Guardrail allowlisting ONLY this provider's allowed model.
+	var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+	gr.Name = "e2e-guardrail-" + tc.name
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = []string{tc.allowEntry}
+	guard, err := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create guardrail")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), guard.Id) })
+
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-guardrail-" + tc.name,
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{guard.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-guardrail-"+tc.name+"-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	// Probe first: the GET resolves the endpoint and its first packet wakes the
+	// lazy proxy peer, so WaitProxyPeer then observes it connected.
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	send := func(model string) (int, string) {
+		var code int
+		var body string
+		var cerr error
+		switch tc.wire {
+		case harness.WireVertex:
+			code, body, cerr = cl.Vertex(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, vertexProject, vertexRegion, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		case harness.WireBedrock:
+			code, body, cerr = cl.Bedrock(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("unsupported wire %q", tc.wire)
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, cerr, "request must reach the proxy for %s", tc.name)
+		return code, body
+	}
+
+	// Allowed model (in the URL path) is served. Retry to absorb tunnel/DNS
+	// jitter on the first call over the freshly warmed tunnel.
+	var code int
+	var body string
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		code, body = send(tc.allowModel)
+		if code == 200 {
+			break
+		}
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, code,
+		"allowed %s model (URL path) must be served; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", tc.name, body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+
+	// Unselected model (in the URL path) must be blocked by the guardrail.
+	code, body = send(tc.blockModel)
+	assert.Equal(t, 403, code,
+		"unselected %s model (URL path) must be denied, not served; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", tc.name, body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	assert.Contains(t, body, "llm_policy.model_blocked",
+		"%s denial must come from the guardrail allowlist, not routing; body: %s", tc.name, body)
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_declared_ids_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_declared_ids_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a34d545be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_declared_ids_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestModelAllowlistOfDeclaredIDsServed drives the setup an operator actually
+// builds for a path-routed provider: the models are declared in the form the
+// vendor issues (Bedrock's region-prefixed, versioned inference-profile id;
+// Vertex's model@version), and the guardrail allowlist is built from that
+// declared list — the dashboard's allowlist picker persists the declared ids
+// verbatim. A request for the declared model must be served end to end, and a
+// model outside the allowlist must still be denied.
+//
+// TestModelAllowlistEnforced never caught this because it registers and
+// allowlists the pre-normalized catalog form (see the catalogModel comment
+// there and the one in providerRequest: "register the normalized form here or
+// routing fails as model_not_routable") — the harness encoded the
+// canonicalization workaround instead of the shape operators configure.
+func TestModelAllowlistOfDeclaredIDsServed(t *testing.T) {
+	var providers []providerCase
+	for _, pc := range availableProviders() {
+		if pc.kind == harness.WireBedrock || pc.kind == harness.WireVertex {
+			providers = append(providers, pc)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(providers) == 0 {
+		t.Skip("no path-routed provider keys set (AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK / GOOGLE_VERTEX_*); source ~/.llm-keys")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-declared-allowlist"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-declared-allowlist-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().SetupKeys.Delete(context.Background(), sk.Id) })
+
+	// Providers declaring the raw vendor-issued model id — NOT the normalized
+	// catalog form providerRequest would register.
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(providers))
+	declared := make([]string, 0, len(providers))
+	for _, pc := range providers {
+		req := providerRequest(pc)
+		req.Models = &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{{Id: pc.model, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002}}
+		prov, perr := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, req)
+		require.NoError(t, perr, "create provider %s", pc.name)
+		id := prov.Id
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+		declared = append(declared, pc.model)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), id) })
+	}
+
+	// Guardrail allowlisting the declared ids verbatim, the way the dashboard
+	// builds an allowlist from the providers' model lists.
+	var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+	gr.Name = "e2e-declared-allowlist"
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = declared
+	guard, err := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create guardrail")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), guard.Id) })
+
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-declared-allowlist",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: ids,
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{guard.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings for endpoint")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "agent-network endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-proxy-declared-allowlist")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token via CLI")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	// Probe first: the GET resolves the endpoint (DNS error fails) and its first packet wakes the lazy proxy peer, so WaitProxyPeer sees it connected; any HTTP status counts.
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve agent-network endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	for _, pc := range providers {
+		pc := pc
+		t.Run(pc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// The model the operator declared and allowlisted is served end to
+			// end: the route must claim it and the guardrail must permit it,
+			// both through the canonicalization the parser applies at request
+			// time — whatever id form the operator configured.
+			assert.Equal(t, 200, sendModel(ctx, t, cl, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, pc, pc.model),
+				"the declared and allowlisted model must be served for %s", pc.name)
+			// A model outside the allowlist stays denied.
+			assert.Equal(t, 403, sendModel(ctx, t, cl, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, pc, disallowedModel(pc)),
+				"model outside the allowlist must be denied for %s", pc.name)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_groupswitch_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_groupswitch_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7108bb587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_groupswitch_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestGuardrailGroupSwitchTakesEffectAfterTTL proves that moving a peer between
+// groups flips its model-allowlist decision once the proxy's tunnel-peer cache
+// expires. The peer's groups reach the guardrail via ValidateTunnelPeer, which
+// the proxy caches; the switch is invisible until that cache expires. The proxy
+// runs with a short NB_PROXY_TUNNEL_CACHE_TTL so the flip happens in seconds
+// instead of the 5-minute default.
+//
+// Setup: one catch-all provider declaring modelA + modelB; polA (grpA -> allow
+// modelA) and polB (grpB -> allow modelB). The client starts in grpA. modelA is
+// served and modelB denied; after switching the client grpA -> grpB, modelB is
+// served and modelA denied. The cross-group deny comes from management's
+// per-policy/group CheckLLMPolicyLimits (the proxy backstop carries the union).
+func TestGuardrailGroupSwitchTakesEffectAfterTTL(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	const (
+		modelA = "e2e-model-a"
+		modelB = "e2e-model-b"
+		// Short tunnel-cache TTL so a group switch propagates in seconds.
+		// Exercises the NB_PROXY_TUNNEL_CACHE_TTL override.
+		cacheTTL = 3 * time.Second
+	)
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grpA, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-gswitch-a"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group A")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grpA.Id) })
+
+	grpB, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-gswitch-b"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group B")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grpB.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-gswitch-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grpA.Id}, // client starts in group A
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	staticKey := "static-e2e-token"
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "gswitch",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &staticKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models: &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+			{Id: modelA, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.001},
+			{Id: modelB, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.001},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	mkGuard := func(name, model string) api.AgentNetworkGuardrail {
+		var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+		gr.Name = name
+		gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+		gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = []string{model}
+		g, gerr := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+		require.NoError(t, gerr, "create guardrail %s", name)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), g.Id) })
+		return g
+	}
+	gA := mkGuard("e2e-gswitch-a", modelA)
+	gB := mkGuard("e2e-gswitch-b", modelB)
+
+	enabled := true
+	polA, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-gswitch-a",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grpA.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{gA.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy A")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polA.Id) })
+
+	polB, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-gswitch-b",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grpB.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{gB.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy B")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polB.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-gswitch-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken, map[string]string{
+		"NB_PROXY_TUNNEL_CACHE_TTL": cacheTTL.String(),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	send := func(model string) (int, string) {
+		code, body, cerr := cl.Chat(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, harness.WireChat, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		require.NoError(t, cerr, "request must reach the proxy")
+		return code, body
+	}
+	sendUntil := func(model string, want int, timeout time.Duration) (int, string) {
+		var code int
+		var body string
+		deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+		for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+			code, body = send(model)
+			if code == want {
+				return code, body
+			}
+			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+		}
+		return code, body
+	}
+
+	// Phase 1 — client is in group A: modelA served, modelB denied.
+	code, body := sendUntil(modelA, 200, 90*time.Second)
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, code,
+		"group-A model must be served while the client is in group A; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	code, body = send(modelB)
+	assert.Equal(t, 403, code,
+		"group-B model must be denied while the client is in group A; body: %s", body)
+	assert.Contains(t, body, "llm_policy.model_blocked")
+
+	// Switch the client peer from group A to group B.
+	peerID := clientPeerInGroup(t, ctx, grpA.Id)
+	_, err = srv.API().Groups.Update(ctx, grpB.Id, api.PutApiGroupsGroupIdJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:  grpB.Name,
+		Peers: &[]string{peerID},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "add peer to group B")
+	_, err = srv.API().Groups.Update(ctx, grpA.Id, api.PutApiGroupsGroupIdJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:  grpA.Name,
+		Peers: &[]string{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "remove peer from group A")
+
+	// Phase 2 — after the short TTL expires the proxy re-validates the peer,
+	// sees group B, and the decision flips. Poll to absorb TTL + re-validation.
+	code, body = sendUntil(modelB, 200, 60*time.Second)
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, code,
+		"after the group switch + TTL, the group-B model must be served; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	code, body = send(modelA)
+	assert.Equal(t, 403, code,
+		"after the switch, the old group-A model must be denied; body: %s", body)
+	assert.Contains(t, body, "llm_policy.model_blocked")
+}
+
+// clientPeerInGroup returns the id of the single peer that is a member of the
+// given group — the test client. The proxy peer is never added to test groups.
+func clientPeerInGroup(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, groupID string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	peers, err := srv.API().Peers.List(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "list peers")
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		for _, g := range p.Groups {
+			if g.Id == groupID {
+				return p.Id
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("no peer found in group %s", groupID)
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_multipolicy_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_multipolicy_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bb56b3bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_multipolicy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestGuardrailMultiPolicyModelAllowlist: modelSelected served (200), grpOther's
+// modelOther denied for the grpMain client (403 model_blocked, no cross-group
+// leak), and openModel on the un-guardrailed policy's provider served (200).
+func TestGuardrailMultiPolicyModelAllowlist(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	const (
+		modelSelected = "e2e-selected"
+		modelOther    = "e2e-other"
+		openModel     = "e2e-open"
+	)
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grpMain, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-guardrail-mp-main"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create main group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grpMain.Id) })
+
+	grpOther, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-guardrail-mp-other"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create other group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grpOther.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-guardrail-mp-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grpMain.Id}, // client joins grpMain only
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	staticKey := "static-e2e-token"
+	models := func(ids ...string) *[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel {
+		out := make([]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel, 0, len(ids))
+		for _, id := range ids {
+			out = append(out, api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{Id: id, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.001})
+		}
+		return &out
+	}
+
+	// pRestricted declares the two guardrailed models so routing is deterministic
+	// (model -> provider).
+	pRestricted, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "restricted",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &staticKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models:      models(modelSelected, modelOther),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create restricted provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), pRestricted.Id) })
+
+	pOpen, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "open",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &staticKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models:      models(openModel),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create open provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), pOpen.Id) })
+
+	mkGuardrail := func(name, model string) api.AgentNetworkGuardrail {
+		var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+		gr.Name = name
+		gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+		gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = []string{model}
+		g, gerr := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+		require.NoError(t, gerr, "create guardrail %s", name)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), g.Id) })
+		return g
+	}
+	gMain := mkGuardrail("e2e-guardrail-mp-main", modelSelected)
+	gOther := mkGuardrail("e2e-guardrail-mp-other", modelOther)
+
+	enabled := true
+	// polMain: grpMain restricted to modelSelected on pRestricted.
+	polMain, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-guardrail-mp-main",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grpMain.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{pRestricted.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{gMain.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create main policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polMain.Id) })
+
+	// polOther: grpOther restricted to modelOther on the SAME provider. The
+	// client is not in grpOther, so modelOther must never be usable by it.
+	polOther, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-guardrail-mp-other",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grpOther.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{pRestricted.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{gOther.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create other policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polOther.Id) })
+
+	// polOpen: grpMain on pOpen with NO guardrail — unrestricted.
+	polOpen, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-guardrail-mp-open",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grpMain.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{pOpen.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create open policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polOpen.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-guardrail-mp-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	send := func(model string) (int, string) {
+		code, body, cerr := cl.Chat(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, harness.WireChat, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		require.NoError(t, cerr, "request must reach the proxy")
+		return code, body
+	}
+	// sendUntil200 absorbs first-call tunnel/DNS jitter on the freshly warmed tunnel.
+	sendUntil200 := func(model string) (int, string) {
+		var code int
+		var body string
+		deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+		for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+			code, body = send(model)
+			if code == 200 {
+				break
+			}
+			time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+		}
+		return code, body
+	}
+
+	t.Run("selected model allowed for its group", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := sendUntil200(modelSelected)
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, code,
+			"grpMain's allowlisted model must be served; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("other group's model does not leak", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// modelOther is allowlisted only for grpOther. The grpMain client must be
+		// denied by management's per-policy/group check — not waved through by an
+		// account-wide union. This is the security-critical wrong-ALLOW guard.
+		code, body := send(modelOther)
+		assert.Equal(t, 403, code,
+			"another group's allowlisted model must be denied for this caller; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+		assert.Contains(t, body, "llm_policy.model_blocked",
+			"denial must be a model-allowlist decision; body: %s", body)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unguarded policy leaves its provider unrestricted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// polOpen carries no guardrail, so pOpen is unrestricted for grpMain. The
+		// old account-wide union would have blocked openModel (it is on no
+		// allowlist); it must now be served — the false-DENY guard.
+		code, body := sendUntil200(openModel)
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, code,
+			"an un-guardrailed policy's provider must not be blocked by another policy's allowlist; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	})
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_pergroup_providers_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_pergroup_providers_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e98330c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_pergroup_providers_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// pergroupCase describes one provider surface for the per-group allowlist matrix.
+// selectedReq/otherReq are the model identifiers as they travel in the request
+// (URL path for Bedrock/Vertex, body "model" for chat/messages). selectedAllow/
+// otherAllow are the (normalized) forms the guardrail allowlist holds — for
+// Bedrock these differ from the request form so path normalization is exercised.
+type pergroupCase struct {
+	name          string
+	catalogID     string
+	wire          string // "chat", "messages", "vertex", "bedrock"
+	models        *[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel
+	selectedReq   string
+	selectedAllow string
+	otherReq      string
+	otherAllow    string
+
+	providerID string // filled during setup
+}
+
+// TestGuardrailPerGroupAllowlist_AllProviders proves the per-policy/group model
+// allowlist end to end across every always-on provider surface, including the
+// path-routed ones (Vertex, Bedrock) where the model travels in the URL.
+//
+// For each provider two policies target it: grpMain (the client) is allowed only
+// selectedReq; grpOther (which the client is NOT in) is allowed only otherReq.
+// The client must get selectedReq served (200) and otherReq denied (403,
+// llm_policy.model_blocked) — the cross-group no-leak property. The deny is the
+// authoritative per-policy/group decision from management (the proxy per-provider
+// backstop carries the union of both models), so this also confirms management
+// receives the correct normalized model for path-routed providers.
+func TestGuardrailPerGroupAllowlist_AllProviders(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	const (
+		vertexProject = "e2e-project"
+		vertexRegion  = "global"
+	)
+
+	priced := func(ids ...string) *[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel {
+		out := make([]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel, 0, len(ids))
+		for _, id := range ids {
+			out = append(out, api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{Id: id, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.001})
+		}
+		return &out
+	}
+
+	cases := []*pergroupCase{
+		{
+			name: "openai", catalogID: "openai_api", wire: harness.WireChat,
+			models:      priced("oai-model-a", "oai-model-b"),
+			selectedReq: "oai-model-a", selectedAllow: "oai-model-a",
+			otherReq: "oai-model-b", otherAllow: "oai-model-b",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "anthropic", catalogID: "anthropic_api", wire: harness.WireMessages,
+			models:      priced("ant-model-a", "ant-model-b"),
+			selectedReq: "ant-model-a", selectedAllow: "ant-model-a",
+			otherReq: "ant-model-b", otherAllow: "ant-model-b",
+		},
+		{
+			// Vertex catalog ids travel bare in the rawPredict path.
+			name: "vertex", catalogID: "vertex_ai_api", wire: "vertex",
+			selectedReq: "claude-sonnet-4-5", selectedAllow: "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+			otherReq: "claude-opus-4-6", otherAllow: "claude-opus-4-6",
+		},
+		{
+			// Bedrock request ids are region-prefixed/versioned; the parser
+			// normalizes them to the catalog key the allowlist holds.
+			name: "bedrock", catalogID: "bedrock_api", wire: "bedrock",
+			selectedReq: "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-v1:0", selectedAllow: "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+			otherReq: "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-8-v1:0", otherAllow: "anthropic.claude-opus-4-8",
+		},
+	}
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grpMain, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-pergroup-main"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create main group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grpMain.Id) })
+
+	grpOther, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-pergroup-other"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create other group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grpOther.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-pergroup-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grpMain.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	staticKey := "static-e2e-token"
+	enabled := true
+
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		req := api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+			Name:        "e2e-pergroup-" + c.name,
+			ProviderId:  c.catalogID,
+			UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+			ApiKey:      &staticKey,
+			Enabled:     ptr(true),
+			Models:      c.models,
+		}
+		prov, perr := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, req)
+		require.NoError(t, perr, "create provider %s", c.name)
+		c.providerID = prov.Id
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+		gSel := mkAllowGuardrail(t, ctx, "e2e-pergroup-"+c.name+"-sel", c.selectedAllow)
+		gOth := mkAllowGuardrail(t, ctx, "e2e-pergroup-"+c.name+"-oth", c.otherAllow)
+
+		polMain, merr := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+			Name:                   "e2e-pergroup-" + c.name + "-main",
+			Enabled:                &enabled,
+			SourceGroups:           []string{grpMain.Id},
+			DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+			GuardrailIds:           &[]string{gSel.Id},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, merr, "create main policy %s", c.name)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polMain.Id) })
+
+		polOther, oerr := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+			Name:                   "e2e-pergroup-" + c.name + "-other",
+			Enabled:                &enabled,
+			SourceGroups:           []string{grpOther.Id},
+			DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+			GuardrailIds:           &[]string{gOth.Id},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, oerr, "create other policy %s", c.name)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polOther.Id) })
+	}
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-pergroup-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	send := func(c *pergroupCase, model string) (int, string) {
+		var code int
+		var body string
+		var cerr error
+		switch c.wire {
+		case "vertex":
+			code, body, cerr = cl.Vertex(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, vertexProject, vertexRegion, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		case "bedrock":
+			code, body, cerr = cl.Bedrock(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		default:
+			code, body, cerr = cl.Chat(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, c.wire, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, cerr, "request must reach the proxy for %s", c.name)
+		return code, body
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// grpMain's own model is served. Retry to absorb tunnel/DNS jitter on
+			// the first call over the freshly warmed tunnel.
+			var code int
+			var body string
+			deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+			for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+				code, body = send(c, c.selectedReq)
+				if code == 200 {
+					break
+				}
+				time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, 200, code,
+				"%s: grpMain's allowlisted model must be served; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", c.name, body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+
+			// grpOther's model must NOT leak to the grpMain client.
+			code, body = send(c, c.otherReq)
+			assert.Equal(t, 403, code,
+				"%s: another group's allowlisted model must be denied for this caller; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", c.name, body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+			assert.Contains(t, body, "llm_policy.model_blocked",
+				"%s: denial must be a model-allowlist decision, not routing; body: %s", c.name, body)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGuardrailMultiGroupUser proves the per-policy/group decision for a caller
+// that belongs to MULTIPLE groups at once. Two scenarios, one shared stack:
+//
+//   - union across the user's groups: the client is in gUX and gUY, each with
+//     its own policy+guardrail on provider P1 (gUX->union-a, gUY->union-b). The
+//     client may use BOTH models (the union of its groups' allowlists) while a
+//     third, un-allowlisted model is denied.
+//   - an un-guardrailed group lifts the restriction: the client is in gMP and
+//     gMQ on provider P2, where gMP restricts to mix-a but gMQ's policy carries
+//     NO guardrail. Because one applicable policy is unrestricted, the client may
+//     use a model on no allowlist (mix-z) as well as mix-a.
+func TestGuardrailMultiGroupUser(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	const (
+		unionA = "mg-union-a"
+		unionB = "mg-union-b"
+		unionC = "mg-union-c" // allowlisted by neither group
+		mixA   = "mg-mix-a"
+		mixZ   = "mg-mix-z" // on no allowlist; reachable only via the un-guardrailed policy
+	)
+
+	priced := func(ids ...string) *[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel {
+		out := make([]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel, 0, len(ids))
+		for _, id := range ids {
+			out = append(out, api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{Id: id, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.001})
+		}
+		return &out
+	}
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	mkGroup := func(name string) *api.Group {
+		g, gerr := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: name})
+		require.NoError(t, gerr, "create group %s", name)
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), g.Id) })
+		return g
+	}
+	gUX := mkGroup("e2e-mg-union-x")
+	gUY := mkGroup("e2e-mg-union-y")
+	gMP := mkGroup("e2e-mg-mix-p")
+	gMQ := mkGroup("e2e-mg-mix-q")
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-mg-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{gUX.Id, gUY.Id, gMP.Id, gMQ.Id}, // client in all four groups
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	staticKey := "static-e2e-token"
+	enabled := true
+
+	// P1 — union scenario: two restricting policies, one per group.
+	p1, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "e2e-mg-union",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &staticKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models:      priced(unionA, unionB, unionC),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create union provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), p1.Id) })
+
+	polUX, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-mg-union-x",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{gUX.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{p1.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{mkAllowGuardrail(t, ctx, "e2e-mg-union-x", unionA).Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create union policy X")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polUX.Id) })
+
+	polUY, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-mg-union-y",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{gUY.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{p1.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{mkAllowGuardrail(t, ctx, "e2e-mg-union-y", unionB).Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create union policy Y")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polUY.Id) })
+
+	// P2 — mixed scenario: one restricting policy + one un-guardrailed policy.
+	p2, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "e2e-mg-mix",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &staticKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models:      priced(mixA, mixZ),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create mix provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), p2.Id) })
+
+	polMP, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-mg-mix-p",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{gMP.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{p2.Id},
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{mkAllowGuardrail(t, ctx, "e2e-mg-mix-p", mixA).Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create mix policy P")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polMP.Id) })
+
+	polMQ, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-mg-mix-q",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{gMQ.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{p2.Id}, // NO guardrail -> unrestricted
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create mix policy Q")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), polMQ.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-mg-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	send := func(model string) (int, string) {
+		code, body, cerr := cl.Chat(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, harness.WireChat, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+		require.NoError(t, cerr, "request must reach the proxy")
+		return code, body
+	}
+	sendUntil200 := func(model string) (int, string) {
+		var code int
+		var body string
+		deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+		for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+			code, body = send(model)
+			if code == 200 {
+				break
+			}
+			time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+		}
+		return code, body
+	}
+
+	t.Run("union across the user's groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := sendUntil200(unionA)
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, code, "model allowed by group X must be served; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+
+		code, body = sendUntil200(unionB)
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, code, "model allowed by group Y must also be served (union across the user's groups); body: %s", body)
+
+		code, body = send(unionC)
+		assert.Equal(t, 403, code, "a model on neither group's allowlist must be denied; body: %s", body)
+		assert.Contains(t, body, "llm_policy.model_blocked")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an un-guardrailed group lifts the restriction", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, body := sendUntil200(mixA)
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, code, "the restricted group's model must be served; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+
+		code, body = sendUntil200(mixZ)
+		assert.Equal(t, 200, code,
+			"a non-allowlisted model must be served because the user is also in a group whose policy has no guardrail; body: %s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", body, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	})
+}
+
+// mkAllowGuardrail creates a guardrail whose model allowlist is enabled and holds
+// exactly the given model, registering cleanup.
+func mkAllowGuardrail(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, name, model string) api.AgentNetworkGuardrail {
+	t.Helper()
+	var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+	gr.Name = name
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = []string{model}
+	g, err := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create guardrail %s", name)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), g.Id) })
+	return g
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddc95d62d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/guardrail_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// bedrockRegionPrefixes and bedrockVersionSuffix mirror the proxy's Bedrock
+// model normalization (region/inference-profile prefix + version suffix) so the
+// provider is registered under the same catalog key the router matches against.
+var (
+	bedrockRegionPrefixes = []string{"us.", "eu.", "apac.", "global."}
+	bedrockVersionSuffix  = regexp.MustCompile(`-(\d{8}-)?v\d+(:\d+)?$`)
+)
+
+// catalogModel returns the normalized catalog id the proxy stamps for a
+// path-routed provider's configured model — the form the router and guardrail
+// allowlist compare against (Bedrock region prefix + version stripped, Vertex
+// @version stripped).
+func catalogModel(pc providerCase) string {
+	switch pc.kind {
+	case harness.WireBedrock:
+		m := pc.model
+		for _, p := range bedrockRegionPrefixes {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(m, p) {
+				m = m[len(p):]
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		return bedrockVersionSuffix.ReplaceAllString(m, "")
+	case harness.WireVertex:
+		return strings.SplitN(pc.model, "@", 2)[0]
+	default:
+		return pc.model
+	}
+}
+
+// disallowedModel returns a valid-shaped model id for the provider that is NOT
+// the configured/allowed one, so the guardrail must reject it before the
+// request ever reaches the upstream.
+func disallowedModel(pc providerCase) string {
+	switch pc.kind {
+	case harness.WireBedrock:
+		// Same profile prefix as the allowed model so only the model name
+		// differs; the guardrail must deny it before it reaches AWS.
+		return strings.SplitN(pc.model, ".", 2)[0] + ".anthropic.claude-opus-4-8"
+	case harness.WireVertex:
+		return "claude-opus-4-8@20250101"
+	default:
+		return "unlisted-model"
+	}
+}
+
+// sendModel drives one request for the given model through the provider's native
+// wire shape and returns the HTTP status.
+func sendModel(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, cl *harness.Client, endpoint, proxyIP string, pc providerCase, model string) int {
+	t.Helper()
+	var code int
+	var err error
+	switch pc.kind {
+	case harness.WireBedrock:
+		code, _, err = cl.Bedrock(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+	case harness.WireVertex:
+		code, _, err = cl.Vertex(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, pc.project, pc.region, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+	default:
+		code, _, err = cl.ChatPrefixed(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, pc.pathPrefix, pc.kind, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", "")
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, err, "request must reach the proxy for %s", pc.name)
+	return code
+}
+
+// TestModelAllowlistEnforced provisions a Model Allowlist guardrail limiting each
+// path-routed provider (Bedrock, Vertex) to its configured model, then drives
+// requests over the tunnel: the allowed model returns 200 while a model outside
+// the allowlist is denied 403 by the guardrail before it reaches the upstream.
+// This is the coverage missing for #6751 — the model for these providers travels
+// in the URL path, and the allowlist must be enforced there.
+func TestModelAllowlistEnforced(t *testing.T) {
+	var providers []providerCase
+	for _, pc := range availableProviders() {
+		if pc.kind == harness.WireBedrock || pc.kind == harness.WireVertex {
+			providers = append(providers, pc)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(providers) == 0 {
+		t.Skip("no path-routed provider keys set (AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK / GOOGLE_VERTEX_*); source ~/.llm-keys")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-allowlist"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-allowlist-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+
+	// Providers with their configured (allowed) models
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(providers))
+	allowed := make([]string, 0, len(providers))
+	for _, pc := range providers {
+		req := providerRequest(pc)
+		prov, perr := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, req)
+		require.NoError(t, perr, "create provider %s", pc.name)
+		id := prov.Id
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+		allowed = append(allowed, catalogModel(pc))
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), id) })
+	}
+
+	// Guardrail allowlisting exactly the configured models.
+	var gr api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+	gr.Name = "e2e-allowlist"
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = true
+	gr.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = allowed
+	guard, err := srv.CreateGuardrail(ctx, gr)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create guardrail")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), guard.Id) })
+
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-allowlist",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: ids,
+		GuardrailIds:           &[]string{guard.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings for endpoint")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "agent-network endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-proxy-allowlist")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token via CLI")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	// Probe first: the GET resolves the endpoint (DNS error fails) and its first packet wakes the lazy proxy peer, so WaitProxyPeer sees it connected; any HTTP status counts.
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve agent-network endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	for _, pc := range providers {
+		pc := pc
+		t.Run(pc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// The admin's allowlisted model is served end to end.
+			assert.Equal(t, 200, sendModel(ctx, t, cl, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, pc, pc.model),
+				"allowlisted model must be permitted for %s", pc.name)
+			// A model outside the allowlist is rejected by the guardrail (before
+			// the upstream), regardless of whether it is a real catalog model.
+			assert.Equal(t, 403, sendModel(ctx, t, cl, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, pc, disallowedModel(pc)),
+				"model outside the allowlist must be denied for %s", pc.name)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/main_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/main_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..687af1d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/main_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+// Package agentnetwork holds the container-based agent-network e2e suite. A
+// single combined server is built and bootstrapped once per package run
+// (TestMain) and shared across tests via srv; each test creates and cleans up
+// its own resources so order doesn't matter.
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// srv is the shared combined server for the package, ready (PAT-authenticated)
+// by the time any Test runs.
+var srv *harness.Combined
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	os.Exit(run(m))
+}
+
+func run(m *testing.M) int {
+	// Generous timeout to cover a cold image build on first run.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var err error
+	srv, err = harness.StartCombined(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "e2e: start combined server: %v\n", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = srv.Terminate(context.Background()) }()
+
+	if _, err := srv.Bootstrap(ctx); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "e2e: bootstrap admin PAT: %v\n", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	// Bootstrap the account's agent-network endpoint once for the package:
+	// providers no longer have settings side effects, and every data-plane
+	// test expects the shared account pinned to the combined proxy cluster.
+	cluster := harness.AgentNetworkCluster
+	if _, err := srv.CreateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest{ProxyAddress: &cluster}); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "e2e: bootstrap agent-network endpoint: %v\n", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	return m.Run()
+}
+
+// waitBeforeRetry pauses between attempts of a polling loop and reports
+// whether the caller should keep going. A cancelled context ends the loop
+// where a plain sleep would keep retrying against it: every call fails
+// instantly once ctx is done, so the loop would spend its whole remaining
+// window sleeping between failures nobody is waiting for any more.
+func waitBeforeRetry(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) bool {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(d)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return false
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return true
+	}
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/management_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/management_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6868a9d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/management_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/rest"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+func ptr[T any](v T) *T { return &v }
+
+// newProvider creates an OpenAI-catalog provider these tests can hang a policy
+// off, and registers cleanup. Nothing here calls the upstream.
+func newProvider(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, name string) api.AgentNetworkProvider {
+	t.Helper()
+	// A provider save is credential-checked against the vendor, and every
+	// caller here wants a provider row to hang a policy off rather than a
+	// working upstream. A private address is left unchecked — the proxy would
+	// reach it through the tunnel, management cannot reach it at all — which
+	// keeps this fixture independent of whether the run has vendor keys, and
+	// covers the unchecked-provider-still-saves path while it is at it.
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        name,
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: "https://10.255.255.1",
+		ApiKey:      ptr("sk-dummy-e2e-key"),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create provider %q", name)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+	return prov
+}
+
+// requireClientError asserts err is a REST APIError with a 4xx status.
+func requireClientError(t *testing.T, err error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var apiErr *rest.APIError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &apiErr, "expected a REST APIError")
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, apiErr.StatusCode, 400, "expected a 4xx status")
+	assert.Less(t, apiErr.StatusCode, 500, "expected a 4xx status")
+}
+
+// TestProviderLifecycle covers create → get → list → delete → 404 for every
+// available real provider catalog (and a synthetic OpenAI provider when no
+// provider keys are set), so each catalog's create and field round-trip is
+// exercised. Create is offline — no upstream call — so this stays fast and
+// burns no provider quota.
+func TestProviderLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cases := availableProviders()
+	if len(cases) == 0 {
+		cases = []providerCase{{
+			name: "openai", catalogID: "openai_api", upstream: "https://api.openai.com",
+			apiKey: "sk-dummy-e2e-key", model: "gpt-4o-mini", kind: harness.WireChat,
+		}}
+	}
+
+	for _, pc := range cases {
+		pc := pc
+		t.Run(pc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := providerRequest(pc)
+			req.Name = "lc-" + pc.name
+			prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, req)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "create %s provider", pc.name)
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+			assert.NotEmpty(t, prov.Id, "created provider must have an id")
+			assert.Equal(t, pc.catalogID, prov.ProviderId, "catalog id must round-trip")
+			assert.Equal(t, req.Name, prov.Name, "name must round-trip")
+			assert.Equal(t, pc.upstream, prov.UpstreamUrl, "upstream must round-trip")
+
+			got, err := srv.GetProvider(ctx, prov.Id)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "get provider")
+			assert.Equal(t, prov.Id, got.Id)
+
+			list, err := srv.ListProviders(ctx)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "list providers")
+			var ids []string
+			for _, p := range list {
+				ids = append(ids, p.Id)
+			}
+			assert.Contains(t, ids, prov.Id, "created provider must appear in the list")
+
+			require.NoError(t, srv.DeleteProvider(ctx, prov.Id), "delete provider")
+			_, err = srv.GetProvider(ctx, prov.Id)
+			requireClientError(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProviderValidation exercises the create-time validation rules. These are
+// uniform across catalogs (no per-provider required-field rules exist: a
+// catalog-specific malformed value such as a Vertex key without the keyfile::
+// prefix is accepted at create and only fails at the proxy), so the cases here
+// are catalog-agnostic: missing API key, unknown catalog id, an invalid upstream
+// URL, and a blank name.
+func TestProviderValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "No Key",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: "https://api.openai.com",
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "Unknown Catalog",
+		ProviderId:  "totally_unknown_provider",
+		UpstreamUrl: "https://example.com",
+		ApiKey:      ptr("sk-dummy"),
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "Bad Upstream",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: "not-a-url",
+		ApiKey:      ptr("sk-dummy"),
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "   ",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		UpstreamUrl: "https://api.openai.com",
+		ApiKey:      ptr("sk-dummy"),
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+}
+
+// TestSettingsRoundTrip flips the collection toggles and confirms the
+// endpoint and proxy address stay immutable, then restores the original
+// state. A second bootstrap attempt must be rejected as a conflict.
+func TestSettingsRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// The package's TestMain bootstrapped the shared account's endpoint.
+	before, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "get settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, before.Endpoint, "settings must carry the bootstrapped endpoint")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, before.ProxyAddress, "settings must carry the bootstrapped proxy address")
+
+	require.NotNil(t, before.AccessLogRetentionDays, "bootstrapped settings must carry a retention")
+	beforeRetention := *before.AccessLogRetentionDays
+
+	flipped, err := srv.UpdateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsRequest{
+		Endpoint:               before.Endpoint,
+		ProxyAddress:           before.ProxyAddress,
+		EnableLogCollection:    !before.EnableLogCollection,
+		EnablePromptCollection: !before.EnablePromptCollection,
+		RedactPii:              !before.RedactPii,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: beforeRetention,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "update settings")
+	assert.Equal(t, !before.EnableLogCollection, flipped.EnableLogCollection, "log collection toggle must flip")
+	assert.Equal(t, !before.EnablePromptCollection, flipped.EnablePromptCollection, "prompt collection toggle must flip")
+	require.NotNil(t, flipped.AccessLogRetentionDays)
+	assert.Equal(t, beforeRetention, *flipped.AccessLogRetentionDays,
+		"retention sent unchanged must round-trip, not reset to the zero value")
+	assert.Equal(t, before.Endpoint, flipped.Endpoint, "endpoint must be immutable across updates")
+	assert.Equal(t, before.ProxyAddress, flipped.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must be immutable across updates")
+
+	// The account is already bootstrapped: a second bootstrap is a conflict,
+	// whatever shape it asks for.
+	_, err = srv.CreateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest{
+		Endpoint: ptr("attacker.cluster.invalid"),
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+
+	// The identity fields ride along on the PUT as a required echo: a request
+	// carrying a different endpoint is rejected without applying anything.
+	_, err = srv.UpdateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsRequest{
+		Endpoint:               "other.cluster.invalid",
+		ProxyAddress:           before.ProxyAddress,
+		EnableLogCollection:    before.EnableLogCollection,
+		EnablePromptCollection: before.EnablePromptCollection,
+		RedactPii:              before.RedactPii,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: beforeRetention,
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+
+	// Restore the original toggles.
+	_, err = srv.UpdateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsRequest{
+		Endpoint:               before.Endpoint,
+		ProxyAddress:           before.ProxyAddress,
+		EnableLogCollection:    before.EnableLogCollection,
+		EnablePromptCollection: before.EnablePromptCollection,
+		RedactPii:              before.RedactPii,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: beforeRetention,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "restore settings")
+}
+
+// TestPolicyWindowFloor rejects an enabled limit below the 60s window floor and
+// accepts one at the floor.
+func TestPolicyWindowFloor(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-policy-grp"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create source group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	prov := newProvider(t, ctx, "Policy Provider")
+
+	limits := func(window int64) *api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits {
+		return &api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: api.AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCap:      1000,
+				UserCap:       1000,
+				WindowSeconds: window,
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	_, err = srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-below-floor",
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		Limits:                 limits(30),
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-at-floor",
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		Limits:                 limits(60),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "policy at the 60s floor must be accepted")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, pol.Id, "created policy must have an id")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+}
+
+// TestConsumptionList confirms the read endpoint always returns an array, never
+// a 404/500.
+func TestConsumptionList(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rows, err := srv.ListConsumption(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "consumption list must not error")
+	assert.NotNil(t, rows, "consumption must be a JSON array (possibly empty)")
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/settings_bootstrap_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/settings_bootstrap_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..806ce82f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/settings_bootstrap_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// harnessStartFresh boots a dedicated combined server with its own fresh
+// account and registers its teardown on t. Unlike the shared srv, the fresh
+// account has NOT had its agent-network endpoint bootstrapped.
+func harnessStartFresh(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T) (*harness.Combined, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	fresh, err := harness.StartCombined(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = fresh.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+	if _, err := fresh.Bootstrap(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return fresh, nil
+}
+
+// TestSettingsBootstrapViaPost covers the explicit bootstrap contract on an
+// account that has never been bootstrapped: the GET reads as the defaults
+// with an empty endpoint/proxy_address, a PUT has no row to update and fails,
+// and a POST creates the row and assigns the immutable endpoint — labeled
+// beneath a proxy address here, with the toggle overrides from the same
+// request applied. The shared srv cannot provide that starting state
+// (TestMain bootstraps it), so this boots a dedicated combined server — the
+// image is already built and cached by TestMain's StartCombined, so the extra
+// cost is one container start.
+func TestSettingsBootstrapViaPost(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	fresh, err := harnessStartFresh(ctx, t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start dedicated combined server")
+
+	// Before agent-network bootstrap the settings read as the defaults, not
+	// as an error and not as a null body.
+	before, err := fresh.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "get settings on a fresh account must succeed")
+	assert.Empty(t, before.Endpoint, "endpoint must be empty before bootstrap")
+	assert.Empty(t, before.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must be empty before bootstrap")
+	assert.False(t, before.Dedicated, "an unbootstrapped account has no serving shape")
+	assert.True(t, before.EnableLogCollection, "defaults must show log collection on, matching bootstrap")
+	assert.False(t, before.EnablePromptCollection, "defaults must show prompt collection off")
+
+	// A PUT has no row to update yet — bootstrap is the explicit POST.
+	_, err = fresh.UpdateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsRequest{
+		EnableLogCollection:    true,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: 30,
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+
+	// A POST with a proxy address bootstraps a labeled endpoint and applies
+	// the toggles from the same request. Every toggle is set away from its
+	// bootstrap default so each assertion can actually fail.
+	const cluster = "e2e.bootstrap.netbird.selfhosted"
+	bootstrapped, err := fresh.CreateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest{
+		ProxyAddress:           ptr(cluster),
+		EnableLogCollection:    ptr(false),
+		EnablePromptCollection: ptr(true),
+		RedactPii:              ptr(true),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "bootstrap settings via POST must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, cluster, bootstrapped.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must be pinned from the request")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, bootstrapped.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned at bootstrap")
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(bootstrapped.Endpoint, "."+cluster),
+		"labeled endpoint must hang one label beneath the proxy address: %s", bootstrapped.Endpoint)
+	assert.False(t, bootstrapped.Dedicated, "a labeled pin is not dedicated")
+	assert.False(t, bootstrapped.EnableLogCollection, "log collection from the bootstrap request must override the default")
+	assert.True(t, bootstrapped.EnablePromptCollection, "prompt collection from the bootstrap request must apply")
+	assert.True(t, bootstrapped.RedactPii, "redact toggle from the bootstrap request must apply")
+
+	// The row is persisted: an independent read agrees on every field.
+	after, err := fresh.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "get settings after bootstrap must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, bootstrapped.Endpoint, after.Endpoint, "bootstrap must persist across reads")
+	assert.Equal(t, bootstrapped.EnableLogCollection, after.EnableLogCollection, "log collection must persist")
+	assert.Equal(t, bootstrapped.EnablePromptCollection, after.EnablePromptCollection, "prompt collection must persist")
+	assert.Equal(t, bootstrapped.RedactPii, after.RedactPii, "redact toggle must persist")
+
+	// Once bootstrapped, PUT updates the toggles. The identity fields ride
+	// along as a required echo of the assigned values; a matching echo is
+	// accepted and never written.
+	persisted, err := fresh.UpdateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsRequest{
+		Endpoint:               bootstrapped.Endpoint,
+		ProxyAddress:           bootstrapped.ProxyAddress,
+		EnableLogCollection:    true,
+		EnablePromptCollection: false,
+		RedactPii:              true,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: 21,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "post-bootstrap update must succeed")
+	require.NotNil(t, persisted.AccessLogRetentionDays)
+	assert.Equal(t, 21, *persisted.AccessLogRetentionDays, "retention from the update must apply")
+	assert.Equal(t, bootstrapped.Endpoint, persisted.Endpoint, "endpoint must survive updates untouched")
+	assert.Equal(t, cluster, persisted.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must survive updates untouched")
+	assert.True(t, persisted.EnableLogCollection, "post-bootstrap toggle must apply")
+	assert.False(t, persisted.EnablePromptCollection, "post-bootstrap toggle must apply")
+
+	// The endpoint is immutable: a PUT carrying a different endpoint is
+	// rejected, and a second bootstrap is rejected as a conflict. Neither
+	// rejected write may disturb anything.
+	_, err = fresh.UpdateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsRequest{
+		Endpoint:               "other.cluster.invalid",
+		ProxyAddress:           persisted.ProxyAddress,
+		EnableLogCollection:    persisted.EnableLogCollection,
+		EnablePromptCollection: persisted.EnablePromptCollection,
+		RedactPii:              persisted.RedactPii,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: 21,
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = fresh.CreateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest{
+		Endpoint: ptr("other.cluster.invalid"),
+	})
+	requireClientError(t, err)
+
+	final, err := fresh.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "get settings after the rejected bootstrap must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, persisted.Endpoint, final.Endpoint, "rejected bootstrap must not change the endpoint")
+	assert.Equal(t, persisted.ProxyAddress, final.ProxyAddress, "rejected bootstrap must not change the proxy address")
+	assert.Equal(t, persisted.EnableLogCollection, final.EnableLogCollection, "rejected bootstrap must not apply its toggles")
+	assert.Equal(t, persisted.EnablePromptCollection, final.EnablePromptCollection, "rejected bootstrap must not apply its toggles")
+	assert.Equal(t, persisted.RedactPii, final.RedactPii, "rejected bootstrap must not apply its toggles")
+}
+
+// TestSettingsBootstrapSelfAddressed covers the dedicated shape end to end:
+// a POST carrying an endpoint claims the hostname verbatim, the proxy address
+// equals it, and the pin reads as dedicated — the address-first flow a
+// self-hosted operator uses before deploying the proxy that will declare it.
+// The tail covers the recovery path the guarded DELETE exists for: with no
+// providers and no proxy at the address, the claim can be released and a
+// fresh bootstrap succeeds — the fix for a typo'd immutable endpoint.
+func TestSettingsBootstrapSelfAddressed(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	fresh, err := harnessStartFresh(ctx, t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start dedicated combined server")
+
+	created, err := fresh.CreateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest{
+		Endpoint: ptr("gw.e2e.netbird.selfhosted"),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "self-addressed bootstrap must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, "gw.e2e.netbird.selfhosted", created.Endpoint, "endpoint must be claimed verbatim")
+	assert.Equal(t, created.Endpoint, created.ProxyAddress, "self-addressed: proxy address is the endpoint")
+	assert.True(t, created.Dedicated, "a self-addressed pin is dedicated")
+
+	// No providers exist and no proxy declares the address, so both delete
+	// guards are clear: the delete releases the claim and the account reads
+	// as unbootstrapped defaults again.
+	require.NoError(t, fresh.DeleteSettings(ctx), "guarded delete with both guards clear must succeed")
+
+	after, err := fresh.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "get settings after delete must succeed")
+	assert.Empty(t, after.Endpoint, "a deleted account must read as unbootstrapped")
+
+	// A second delete has nothing to remove.
+	requireClientError(t, fresh.DeleteSettings(ctx))
+
+	// Re-creating is a fresh bootstrap — the released hostname is free to be
+	// claimed again, or a different one chosen.
+	recreated, err := fresh.CreateSettings(ctx, api.AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest{
+		Endpoint: ptr("gw2.e2e.netbird.selfhosted"),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "bootstrap after delete must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, "gw2.e2e.netbird.selfhosted", recreated.Endpoint, "the fresh bootstrap claims the new hostname")
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/skiptls_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/skiptls_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85af8c604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/skiptls_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestProviderSkipTLSVerification proves skip_tls_verification is per-provider:
+// two providers share one self-signed upstream, one skipping TLS verification
+// and one not. The skip=true provider's chat reaches the upstream and returns
+// 200; the skip=false provider's chat fails at the TLS handshake — same
+// upstream, opposite outcome. This is the behaviour a target-level flag could
+// not give, since all of an account's providers share one synthesised target.
+func TestProviderSkipTLSVerification(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	up, err := harness.StartFakeUpstream(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start self-signed upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = up.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-skiptls"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-skiptls-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	const (
+		insecureModel = "insecure-model"
+		secureModel   = "secure-model"
+	)
+
+	// Two providers on the SAME self-signed upstream, distinguished only by their
+	// skip_tls_verification and a unique model string so the router picks each
+	// unambiguously.
+	newReq := func(name, model string, skip bool) api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest {
+		key := "sk-dummy-e2e"
+		return api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+			Name:                name,
+			ProviderId:          "openai_api",
+			UpstreamUrl:         up.URL,
+			ApiKey:              &key,
+			Enabled:             ptr(true),
+			SkipTlsVerification: ptr(skip),
+			Models: &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+				{Id: model, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	insecureReq := newReq("skip-tls", insecureModel, true)
+	insecureProv, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, insecureReq)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create skip-tls provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), insecureProv.Id) })
+	require.True(t, insecureProv.SkipTlsVerification, "response must echo skip_tls_verification=true")
+
+	secureProv, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, newReq("verify-tls", secureModel, false))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create verify-tls provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), secureProv.Id) })
+	require.False(t, secureProv.SkipTlsVerification, "response must echo skip_tls_verification=false")
+
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-skiptls-allow",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{insecureProv.Id, secureProv.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-skiptls-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	// Probe first: the GET resolves the endpoint (DNS error fails) and its first packet wakes the lazy proxy peer, so WaitProxyPeer sees it connected; any HTTP status counts.
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	// Positive: skip=true reaches the self-signed upstream. Retry to absorb
+	// tunnel/DNS jitter on the first call; success also proves the path works.
+	var code int
+	var body string
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		c, b, cerr := cl.Chat(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, harness.WireChat, insecureModel, "Reply with exactly: pong", "e2e-skiptls-insecure")
+		if cerr == nil {
+			code, body = c, b
+			if code == 200 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, 200, code,
+		"skip_tls_verification=true must reach the self-signed upstream; body: %s\n=== upstream logs ===\n%s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s",
+		body, up.Logs(context.Background()), px.Logs(context.Background()))
+
+	// Negative: skip=false must fail the TLS handshake to the SAME upstream. The
+	// path is already proven working, so a non-200 here is the cert rejection.
+	secureCode, secureBody, cerr := cl.Chat(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, harness.WireChat, secureModel, "Reply with exactly: pong", "e2e-skiptls-secure")
+	require.NoError(t, cerr, "the chat call itself must complete (proxy returns an error status, not a transport error)")
+	require.NotEqual(t, 200, secureCode,
+		"skip_tls_verification=false must NOT reach the self-signed upstream; got %d, body: %s", secureCode, secureBody)
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, secureCode, 500,
+		"a TLS verification failure should surface as a 5xx from the proxy; got %d, body: %s", secureCode, secureBody)
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/streaming_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/streaming_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5fa8df3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/streaming_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// streamedModel is priced high enough that a mis-metered request is obvious in
+// the recorded cost, and named so it cannot collide with another test's route.
+const streamedModel = "e2e-streamed-model"
+
+const (
+	streamInRate  = 0.010
+	streamOutRate = 0.020
+	// The cache-read bucket is priced separately from input, so a run that
+	// folded the two together fails the per-bucket assertions below.
+	streamCacheReadRate = 0.001
+)
+
+// TestStreamingResponseMetersInputTokens is the end-to-end guard for the
+// metering bug this endpoint's gateway-protocol work fixed.
+//
+// On a streamed answer the input-token count exists only in the opening
+// message_start event; every later frame reports output. A response read with
+// the wrong vendor's parser — the shape a gateway record produces when it names
+// one API surface and serves another — never looks at that event, so input
+// metered as zero and the bulk of the bill silently vanished. Nothing in the
+// suite sent stream: true before this test, so the whole branch went unrun.
+//
+// The provider points at the mock's streaming listener, which answers every
+// request as SSE with token counts that differ from the buffered surface. That
+// difference is the point: passing these assertions is only possible if the
+// stream accumulator ran.
+func TestStreamingResponseMetersInputTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	env := provisionStreamingProvider(t, ctx, "anthropic_api")
+
+	sessionID := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-session-stream-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	code, body := chatStreamUntil(t, ctx, env, harness.WireMessages, streamedModel, sessionID)
+	require.Equal(t, 200, code, "streamed chat must succeed; body: %s", body)
+	assert.Contains(t, body, "message_start",
+		"the client must receive the event stream itself, not a buffered rewrite of it")
+
+	row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionID)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, harness.VLLMStreamInputTokens, int(row.InputTokens),
+		"input tokens live in message_start; zero here is the bug this test exists for")
+	assert.Equal(t, harness.VLLMStreamOutputTokens, int(row.OutputTokens),
+		"output tokens ride message_delta and supersede the message_start seed")
+	assert.Equal(t, harness.VLLMStreamCacheReadTokens, int(row.CachedInputTokens),
+		"the Anthropic cache bucket rides message_start too, and only its own parser reads it")
+
+	// The Anthropic surface bills cache reads additively, so the input bucket
+	// prices the full input count rather than a remainder.
+	wantInput := float64(harness.VLLMStreamInputTokens) / 1000 * streamInRate
+	wantOutput := float64(harness.VLLMStreamOutputTokens) / 1000 * streamOutRate
+	wantCacheRead := float64(harness.VLLMStreamCacheReadTokens) / 1000 * streamCacheReadRate
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantInput, row.InputCostUsd, 1e-6, "input cost must price the streamed input tokens")
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantOutput, row.OutputCostUsd, 1e-6, "output cost must price the streamed output tokens")
+	// The total, not merely a positive number: input and output alone are
+	// positive, so a cache bucket parsed and then never billed would pass any
+	// weaker assertion. The gap is 7e-6, well outside the delta.
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantInput+wantOutput+wantCacheRead, row.CostUsd, 1e-6,
+		"the recorded cost must be every bucket the surface bills, cache reads included")
+}
+
+// TestStreamingOnGatewayTypedProvider drives the same streamed Anthropic call
+// through a provider record whose catalog id names the OpenAI surface — the
+// exact misconfiguration that hid the bug, since gateway records commonly pin
+// one parser while the upstream serves another shape entirely.
+//
+// The router must choose the parser from the request path rather than the
+// record's provider id, or the Anthropic usage block goes unread and input
+// meters at zero all over again.
+func TestStreamingOnGatewayTypedProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	env := provisionStreamingProvider(t, ctx, "openai_api")
+
+	sessionID := fmt.Sprintf("e2e-session-stream-gw-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	code, body := chatStreamUntil(t, ctx, env, harness.WireMessages, streamedModel, sessionID)
+	require.Equal(t, 200, code, "streamed chat through a gateway record must succeed; body: %s", body)
+
+	row := findAccessLogBySession(t, ctx, sessionID)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, harness.VLLMStreamInputTokens, int(row.InputTokens),
+		"a record typed openai_api must still read the Anthropic usage block it is actually serving")
+	assert.Equal(t, harness.VLLMStreamOutputTokens, int(row.OutputTokens),
+		"output tokens must survive the surface mismatch too")
+	assert.InDelta(t, float64(harness.VLLMStreamInputTokens)/1000*streamInRate, row.InputCostUsd, 1e-6,
+		"the request must be priced on the surface it spoke, not the one the record names")
+}
+
+// provisionStreamingProvider brings up the mock, one provider pointed at its
+// streaming listener under the given catalog id, a policy authorising it, and a
+// connected proxy + client.
+func provisionStreamingProvider(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, catalogID string) pricedEnv {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock upstream")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	name := "stream-" + catalogID
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-" + name})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-" + name + "-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	// Deleting the group does not delete the key it auto-joins, so the key
+	// needs a cleanup of its own.
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().SetupKeys.Delete(context.Background(), sk.Id) })
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	dummyKey := "sk-stream-e2e"
+	cacheRead := streamCacheReadRate
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        name,
+		ProviderId:  catalogID,
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.StreamURL,
+		ApiKey:      &dummyKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models: &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{{
+			Id:             streamedModel,
+			InputPer1k:     streamInRate,
+			OutputPer1k:    streamOutRate,
+			CacheReadPer1k: &cacheRead,
+		}},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-" + name,
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		Limits: &api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: api.AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCap:      10_000_000,
+				UserCap:       10_000_000,
+				WindowSeconds: 60,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	endpoint, proxyIP, cl, px := connectClient(t, ctx, name, sk.Key)
+	return pricedEnv{
+		providerID: prov.Id,
+		groupID:    grp.Id,
+		policyID:   pol.Id,
+		upstream:   vllm.StreamURL,
+		endpoint:   endpoint,
+		proxyIP:    proxyIP,
+		client:     cl,
+		proxy:      px,
+	}
+}
+
+// chatStreamUntil drives one streamed chat, retrying to absorb the tunnel and
+// DNS jitter a first call through a fresh peer can hit.
+func chatStreamUntil(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, env pricedEnv, kind, model, sessionID string) (int, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	var code int
+	var body string
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		c, b, cerr := env.client.ChatStream(ctx, env.endpoint, env.proxyIP, kind, model, "Reply with exactly: pong", sessionID)
+		if cerr == nil {
+			code, body = c, b
+			if code == 200 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !waitBeforeRetry(ctx, 5*time.Second) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if code != 200 {
+		t.Logf("=== proxy logs ===\n%s", env.proxy.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+	return code, body
+}
diff --git a/e2e/agentnetwork/vllm_test.go b/e2e/agentnetwork/vllm_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f5117b2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/agentnetwork/vllm_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestVLLMProvider proves the proxy supports a self-hosted vLLM backend. vLLM is
+// OpenAI-compatible, so it uses the "vllm" catalog entry (KindCustom) and is
+// reached over plain HTTP — no TLS anywhere on the path:
+//
+//	client --tunnel--> netbird proxy --http--> vllm (:8000, OpenAI-compatible)
+//
+// The mock vLLM server answers /v1/chat/completions with an OpenAI-shaped
+// completion carrying a non-zero usage block. The test asserts the chat returns
+// 200 with the completion, that the request is recorded in the access log by its
+// session id, and that vLLM's usage block is metered into a consumption row —
+// which together prove request routing, response parsing, and token accounting
+// all work for a self-hosted OpenAI-compatible provider.
+//
+// It needs no external credentials (the mock ignores auth), so it always runs.
+func TestVLLMProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	vllm, err := harness.StartVLLM(ctx, srv)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start mock vLLM server")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = vllm.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-vllm"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	ephemeral := false
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-vllm-client",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+		Ephemeral:  &ephemeral,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+
+	// vLLM provider pointed at the mock over plain HTTP. The mock ignores auth,
+	// so a dummy key satisfies the "Bearer ${API_KEY}" template. The served model
+	// is enumerated so the router dispatches this model string to this provider.
+	dummyKey := "sk-vllm-e2e"
+	prov, err := srv.CreateProvider(ctx, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        "vllm",
+		ProviderId:  "vllm",
+		UpstreamUrl: vllm.URL,
+		ApiKey:      &dummyKey,
+		Enabled:     ptr(true),
+		Models: &[]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+			{Id: harness.VLLMModel, InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create vllm provider")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), prov.Id) })
+
+	// Token limit far above the handful of tokens this test drives, so it never
+	// blocks but switches on usage metering — the switch that makes consumption
+	// rows get recorded.
+	enabled := true
+	pol, err := srv.CreatePolicy(ctx, api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest{
+		Name:                   "e2e-vllm-allow",
+		Enabled:                &enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{grp.Id},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{prov.Id},
+		Limits: &api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: api.AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCap:      10_000_000,
+				UserCap:       10_000_000,
+				WindowSeconds: 60,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create policy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), pol.Id) })
+
+	settings, err := srv.GetSettings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read settings")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.Endpoint, "endpoint must be assigned")
+
+	proxyToken, err := srv.CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx, "e2e-vllm-proxy")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint proxy token")
+	px, err := harness.StartProxy(ctx, srv, proxyToken)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start proxy")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = px.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+	// Probe first: the GET resolves the endpoint (DNS error fails) and its first packet wakes the lazy proxy peer, so WaitProxyPeer sees it connected; any HTTP status counts.
+	proxyIP, err := cl.ResolveProxyIP(ctx, settings.Endpoint)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "resolve endpoint to proxy IP")
+	if err := cl.WaitProxyPeer(ctx, 180*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("client did not see the proxy peer: %v\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s", err, px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	}
+
+	before, _ := srv.ListAccessLogs(ctx)
+	sessionID := "e2e-session-vllm"
+
+	// Retry to absorb tunnel/DNS jitter on the first call.
+	var code int
+	var body string
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(90 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		c, b, cerr := cl.Chat(ctx, settings.Endpoint, proxyIP, harness.WireChat, harness.VLLMModel, "Reply with exactly: pong", sessionID)
+		if cerr == nil {
+			code, body = c, b
+			if code == 200 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, 200, code,
+		"chat through the vLLM provider must return 200; body: %s\n=== vllm logs ===\n%s\n=== proxy logs ===\n%s",
+		body, vllm.Logs(context.Background()), px.Logs(context.Background()))
+	require.True(t, strings.Contains(body, "chat.completion"),
+		"body should be an OpenAI-compatible chat completion; got: %s", body)
+
+	// The request must surface as an access-log row carrying our session id.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		logs, lerr := srv.ListAccessLogs(ctx)
+		return lerr == nil && logs.TotalRecords > before.TotalRecords
+	}, 30*time.Second, 2*time.Second, "an access-log row should be ingested for the vLLM provider")
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		logs, lerr := srv.ListAccessLogs(ctx)
+		if lerr != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, r := range logs.Data {
+			if r.SessionId != nil && *r.SessionId == sessionID {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}, 30*time.Second, 2*time.Second, "session id %q must be recorded in an access-log row", sessionID)
+
+	// vLLM's usage block (prompt_tokens=11, completion_tokens=2) must be parsed
+	// and metered into a consumption row with positive token counts.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		rows, lerr := srv.ListConsumption(ctx)
+		if lerr != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, r := range rows {
+			if r.TokensInput > 0 && r.TokensOutput > 0 {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}, 60*time.Second, 3*time.Second, "vLLM usage must be metered into a consumption row")
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/Dockerfile.client b/e2e/harness/Dockerfile.client
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c76b95c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/Dockerfile.client
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Multistage build for the NetBird client used in e2e tests. The repo has no
+# source-building client Dockerfile (client/Dockerfile packages a goreleaser
+# artifact), so this mirrors its alpine runtime + entrypoint while compiling the
+# CGO-free client inline. BuildKit cache mounts keep rebuilds incremental.
+
+FROM golang:1.26.7-bookworm AS builder
+WORKDIR /src
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod go mod download
+COPY . .
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
+    --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
+    CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o /out/netbird ./client
+
+FROM alpine:3.24
+RUN apk add --no-cache bash ca-certificates ip6tables iproute2 iptables
+ENV NETBIRD_BIN="/usr/local/bin/netbird" \
+    NB_LOG_FILE="console,/var/log/netbird/client.log" \
+    NB_DAEMON_ADDR="unix:///var/run/netbird.sock" \
+    NB_ENABLE_CAPTURE="false" \
+    NB_ENTRYPOINT_SERVICE_TIMEOUT="30"
+ENTRYPOINT [ "/usr/local/bin/netbird-entrypoint.sh" ]
+# --chmod because the build context is not always a git checkout. A suite in
+# another module builds from this module's extracted copy in the module cache,
+# where every file is 0444 — the cache drops the executable bit git records — and
+# a bare COPY then produces an entrypoint the runtime cannot exec.
+COPY --chmod=0755 client/netbird-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/netbird-entrypoint.sh
+COPY --from=builder /out/netbird /usr/local/bin/netbird
diff --git a/e2e/harness/agentnetwork.go b/e2e/harness/agentnetwork.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e51f2dd7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/agentnetwork.go
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// The shared REST client doesn't (yet) expose typed agent-network methods, so
+// these helpers drive the /api/agent-network/* endpoints through the client's
+// NewRequest primitive — reusing its auth, error handling (rest.APIError on
+// non-2xx), and transport — while still speaking the generated api types.
+
+// anRequest issues an agent-network API call and decodes the JSON response into
+// T. A non-2xx response surfaces as a *rest.APIError from the client, which
+// tests inspect for negative-path status assertions.
+func anRequest[T any](ctx context.Context, c *Combined, method, path string, body any) (T, error) {
+	var out T
+	var reader io.Reader
+	if body != nil {
+		bs, err := json.Marshal(body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return out, fmt.Errorf("marshal %s %s: %w", method, path, err)
+		}
+		reader = bytes.NewReader(bs)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.api.NewRequest(ctx, method, path, reader, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return out, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&out); err != nil {
+		return out, fmt.Errorf("decode %s %s response: %w", method, path, err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// anDelete issues a DELETE and discards the (empty-object) body.
+func anDelete(ctx context.Context, c *Combined, path string) error {
+	resp, err := c.api.NewRequest(ctx, http.MethodDelete, path, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	resp.Body.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateProvider creates an agent-network provider.
+func (c *Combined) CreateProvider(ctx context.Context, req api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest) (api.AgentNetworkProvider, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkProvider](ctx, c, http.MethodPost, "/api/agent-network/providers", req)
+}
+
+// GetProvider fetches a provider by id.
+func (c *Combined) GetProvider(ctx context.Context, id string) (api.AgentNetworkProvider, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkProvider](ctx, c, http.MethodGet, "/api/agent-network/providers/"+id, nil)
+}
+
+// ListProviders returns all providers for the account.
+func (c *Combined) ListProviders(ctx context.Context) ([]api.AgentNetworkProvider, error) {
+	return anRequest[[]api.AgentNetworkProvider](ctx, c, http.MethodGet, "/api/agent-network/providers", nil)
+}
+
+// DeleteProvider removes a provider by id.
+func (c *Combined) DeleteProvider(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	return anDelete(ctx, c, "/api/agent-network/providers/"+id)
+}
+
+// UpdateProvider replaces a provider by id (PUT). The API key may be omitted on
+// the request to keep the stored one; Models replaces the enumerated list, so
+// this is the path a test uses to change a model's price mid-run.
+func (c *Combined) UpdateProvider(ctx context.Context, id string, req api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest) (api.AgentNetworkProvider, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkProvider](ctx, c, http.MethodPut, "/api/agent-network/providers/"+id, req)
+}
+
+// SetProviderEnabled toggles a provider's enabled flag, preserving its other
+// fields (the API key is omitted, which keeps the stored one). Used to run one
+// provider at a time so model→provider routing is unambiguous.
+func (c *Combined) SetProviderEnabled(ctx context.Context, id string, enabled bool) error {
+	p, err := c.GetProvider(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = anRequest[api.AgentNetworkProvider](ctx, c, http.MethodPut, "/api/agent-network/providers/"+id, api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+		Name:        p.Name,
+		ProviderId:  p.ProviderId,
+		UpstreamUrl: p.UpstreamUrl,
+		Enabled:     &enabled,
+		Models:      &p.Models,
+	})
+	return err
+}
+
+// GetAgentConfig returns the caller-scoped self-service connection config —
+// the answer the dashboard's "Connect Agent" view renders for the PAT's user.
+// Providers appear only when the caller's own groups intersect an enabled
+// policy's source groups, so tests must place the PAT user into the policy's
+// source group first (via the Users API auto-groups).
+func (c *Combined) GetAgentConfig(ctx context.Context) (api.AgentNetworkAgentConfig, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkAgentConfig](ctx, c, http.MethodGet, "/api/agent-network/agent-config", nil)
+}
+
+// CreatePolicy creates an agent-network policy.
+func (c *Combined) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, req api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest) (api.AgentNetworkPolicy, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkPolicy](ctx, c, http.MethodPost, "/api/agent-network/policies", req)
+}
+
+// UpdatePolicy replaces a policy by id.
+func (c *Combined) UpdatePolicy(ctx context.Context, id string, req api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest) (api.AgentNetworkPolicy, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkPolicy](ctx, c, http.MethodPut, "/api/agent-network/policies/"+id, req)
+}
+
+// DeletePolicy removes a policy by id.
+func (c *Combined) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	return anDelete(ctx, c, "/api/agent-network/policies/"+id)
+}
+
+// CreateGuardrail creates an agent-network guardrail (e.g. a model allowlist)
+// that can then be attached to a policy via its GuardrailIds.
+func (c *Combined) CreateGuardrail(ctx context.Context, req api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest) (api.AgentNetworkGuardrail, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkGuardrail](ctx, c, http.MethodPost, "/api/agent-network/guardrails", req)
+}
+
+// DeleteGuardrail removes a guardrail by id.
+func (c *Combined) DeleteGuardrail(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
+	return anDelete(ctx, c, "/api/agent-network/guardrails/"+id)
+}
+
+// CreateSettings bootstraps the account's agent-network settings row,
+// assigning the immutable endpoint. Exactly one of req.ProxyAddress (labeled
+// endpoint beneath that cluster) and req.Endpoint (self-addressed dedicated
+// endpoint) must be set; a second bootstrap returns a conflict.
+func (c *Combined) CreateSettings(ctx context.Context, req api.AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest) (api.AgentNetworkSettings, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkSettings](ctx, c, http.MethodPost, "/api/agent-network/settings", req)
+}
+
+// GetSettings returns the account's agent-network settings row. Before the
+// CreateSettings bootstrap it reads as the defaults with an empty endpoint.
+func (c *Combined) GetSettings(ctx context.Context) (api.AgentNetworkSettings, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkSettings](ctx, c, http.MethodGet, "/api/agent-network/settings", nil)
+}
+
+// UpdateSettings applies the mutable collection toggles. The request must
+// echo the assigned endpoint and proxy address unchanged — the server rejects
+// a PUT that tries to change them.
+func (c *Combined) UpdateSettings(ctx context.Context, req api.AgentNetworkSettingsRequest) (api.AgentNetworkSettings, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkSettings](ctx, c, http.MethodPut, "/api/agent-network/settings", req)
+}
+
+// DeleteSettings removes the account's settings row, releasing the endpoint.
+// Refused while providers exist or a proxy is actively serving the endpoint.
+func (c *Combined) DeleteSettings(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return anDelete(ctx, c, "/api/agent-network/settings")
+}
+
+// ListConsumption returns the account's consumption rows (possibly empty).
+func (c *Combined) ListConsumption(ctx context.Context) ([]api.AgentNetworkConsumption, error) {
+	return anRequest[[]api.AgentNetworkConsumption](ctx, c, http.MethodGet, "/api/agent-network/consumption", nil)
+}
+
+// ListAccessLogs returns the account's agent-network access-log page (the
+// flattened per-request rows the proxy ships and management ingests).
+func (c *Combined) ListAccessLogs(ctx context.Context) (api.AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse, error) {
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse](ctx, c, http.MethodGet, "/api/agent-network/access-logs", nil)
+}
+
+// ListAccessLogsFiltered returns the access-log page narrowed by the given
+// query parameters (e.g. model=..., session_id=..., provider_id=...). This
+// exercises management's server-side filtering rather than filtering client
+// side, so a row that is ingested but not indexed under the filtered column
+// surfaces as an empty page.
+func (c *Combined) ListAccessLogsFiltered(ctx context.Context, query url.Values) (api.AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse, error) {
+	path := "/api/agent-network/access-logs"
+	if encoded := query.Encode(); encoded != "" {
+		path += "?" + encoded
+	}
+	return anRequest[api.AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse](ctx, c, http.MethodGet, path, nil)
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/bootstrap.go b/e2e/harness/bootstrap.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..defa03c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/bootstrap.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/rest"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// Bootstrap creates the initial admin owner through the unauthenticated
+// /api/setup endpoint and returns the plaintext admin PAT. It also wires an
+// authenticated REST client on the Combined (see API). create_pat requires the
+// server to run with NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED=true, which the harness sets. A
+// second call returns an error (the server reports setup already completed).
+func (c *Combined) Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	// The setup endpoint is unauthenticated; use a tokenless client.
+	setupClient := rest.NewWithOptions(rest.WithManagementURL(c.BaseURL))
+
+	createPAT := true
+	expireDays := 1
+	resp, err := setupClient.Instance.Setup(ctx, api.PostApiSetupJSONRequestBody{ //nolint:gosec // static throwaway test credentials
+		Email:       "admin@netbird.test",
+		Password:    "Netbird-e2e-Passw0rd!",
+		Name:        "E2E Admin",
+		CreatePat:   &createPAT,
+		PatExpireIn: &expireDays,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("instance setup: %w", err)
+	}
+	if resp.PersonalAccessToken == nil || *resp.PersonalAccessToken == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("setup succeeded but no PAT returned (is NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED set?)")
+	}
+
+	c.PAT = *resp.PersonalAccessToken
+	c.api = rest.New(c.BaseURL, c.PAT)
+	return c.PAT, nil
+}
+
+// API returns the PAT-authenticated management REST client. It is nil until
+// Bootstrap runs.
+func (c *Combined) API() *rest.Client {
+	return c.api
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/cert.go b/e2e/harness/cert.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8a28e470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/cert.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"crypto/x509/pkix"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// writeSelfSignedCert generates a self-signed TLS cert/key pair covering the
+// given DNS names and writes them as tls.crt / tls.key in dir. The proxy serves
+// this for the agent-network endpoint; the client curls with -k, so validity
+// chains don't matter — the proxy just needs a usable cert to present.
+func writeSelfSignedCert(dir string, dnsNames []string) error {
+	priv, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generate key: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	serial, err := rand.Int(rand.Reader, new(big.Int).Lsh(big.NewInt(1), 128))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generate serial: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tmpl := x509.Certificate{
+		SerialNumber:          serial,
+		Subject:               pkix.Name{CommonName: dnsNames[0]},
+		NotBefore:             time.Now().Add(-time.Hour),
+		NotAfter:              time.Now().Add(365 * 24 * time.Hour),
+		KeyUsage:              x509.KeyUsageDigitalSignature,
+		ExtKeyUsage:           []x509.ExtKeyUsage{x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth},
+		DNSNames:              dnsNames,
+		BasicConstraintsValid: true,
+	}
+
+	der, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, &tmpl, &tmpl, &priv.PublicKey, priv)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create certificate: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	certPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: der})
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "tls.crt"), certPEM, 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // public cert, bind-mounted and read by the proxy container
+		return fmt.Errorf("write cert: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	keyDER, err := x509.MarshalECPrivateKey(priv)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal key: %w", err)
+	}
+	keyPEM := pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "EC PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: keyDER})
+	// World-readable so the (non-root) proxy container can read the bind-mounted
+	// key on Linux CI runners; this is a throwaway self-signed e2e key.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "tls.key"), keyPEM, 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // throwaway self-signed e2e key, must be readable by the proxy container uid
+		return fmt.Errorf("write key: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/client.go b/e2e/harness/client.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9843c25b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/client.go
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go"
+	tcexec "github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/exec"
+)
+
+const (
+	clientDockerfile = "e2e/harness/Dockerfile.client"
+	// defaultClientImage is the local tag the client is built under from
+	// clientDockerfile. Override with NB_E2E_CLIENT_IMAGE: a value with a "/" is
+	// pulled as a published image; a bare tag is built under that name.
+	defaultClientImage = "netbird-client:e2e"
+	clientAlias        = "client"
+	curlImage          = "curlimages/curl:latest"
+)
+
+// Client is a running NetBird client container joined to the combined server.
+type Client struct {
+	container testcontainers.Container
+	// name is the container hostname the agent reports to management at
+	// registration — the name the peer appears under in the peers API.
+	name string
+}
+
+// clientOptions is what the ClientOption values assemble.
+type clientOptions struct {
+	name string
+}
+
+// ClientOption adjusts how StartClient runs the agent.
+type ClientOption func(*clientOptions)
+
+// WithClientName names the agent, which sets both its network alias and its
+// container hostname. The hostname matters beyond addressing: the agent reports
+// it to management at registration, so it is the name the peer appears under in
+// the API.
+//
+// Required to run more than one agent against the same server — the default name
+// is shared, and two containers cannot hold the same alias on one network.
+func WithClientName(name string) ClientOption {
+	return func(o *clientOptions) { o.name = name }
+}
+
+// StartClient builds the client image and runs it on the combined server's
+// network, joining via the given setup key. The image entrypoint brings the
+// daemon up automatically; callers wait for connectivity with WaitConnected /
+// WaitProxyPeer.
+func StartClient(ctx context.Context, c *Combined, setupKey string, opts ...ClientOption) (*Client, error) {
+	o := clientOptions{name: clientAlias}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(&o)
+	}
+
+	root, err := repoRoot(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	clientImage, err := resolveImage(ctx, root, "NB_E2E_CLIENT_IMAGE", defaultClientImage, clientDockerfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	req := testcontainers.ContainerRequest{
+		Image: clientImage,
+		// The agent reports the container's hostname to management, so this is
+		// the name the peer is addressable by in the API as well as on the
+		// network. The entrypoint takes no hostname flag of its own.
+		Hostname:       o.name,
+		Networks:       []string{c.network.Name},
+		NetworkAliases: map[string][]string{c.network.Name: {o.name}},
+		Env: map[string]string{
+			"NB_MANAGEMENT_URL": combinedExposedURL,
+			"NB_SETUP_KEY":      setupKey,
+			"NB_LOG_LEVEL":      "info",
+			// Match the proxy: the combined relay is WebSocket-only, so the
+			// client must use WS transport to keep a stable relay link to it.
+			"NB_RELAY_TRANSPORT": "ws",
+		},
+		HostConfigModifier: func(hc *container.HostConfig) {
+			hc.CapAdd = append(hc.CapAdd, "NET_ADMIN", "SYS_ADMIN", "SYS_RESOURCE")
+		},
+	}
+
+	ctr, err := testcontainers.GenericContainer(ctx, testcontainers.GenericContainerRequest{
+		ContainerRequest: req,
+		Started:          true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start client container: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &Client{container: ctr, name: o.name}, nil
+}
+
+// Hostname returns the container hostname the agent reports to management —
+// the name the registered peer appears under in the peers API.
+func (cl *Client) Hostname() string {
+	return cl.name
+}
+
+// Restart bounces the client connection (netbird down/up) so it pulls a fresh
+// network map — the documented workaround for a freshly-joined client not yet
+// seeing a synthesized agent-network service.
+func (cl *Client) Restart(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return cl.Up(ctx)
+}
+
+// Up re-runs `netbird up` inside the client with the given extra flags (e.g.
+// "--allow-remote-jobs"), bouncing the connection first so the new config is
+// picked up and re-synced to management. Used to toggle peer options that ride
+// on the login/sync request without recreating the container.
+func (cl *Client) Up(ctx context.Context, extraArgs ...string) error {
+	if _, _, err := cl.container.Exec(ctx, []string{"netbird", "down"}, tcexec.Multiplexed()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("netbird down: %w", err)
+	}
+	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+	code, reader, err := cl.container.Exec(ctx, append([]string{"netbird", "up"}, extraArgs...), tcexec.Multiplexed())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("netbird up: %w", err)
+	}
+	if code != 0 {
+		out, _ := io.ReadAll(reader)
+		return fmt.Errorf("netbird up %v exited %d: %s", extraArgs, code, string(out))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Status returns `netbird status` output from inside the client.
+func (cl *Client) Status(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	code, reader, err := cl.container.Exec(ctx, []string{"netbird", "status"}, tcexec.Multiplexed())
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	out, _ := io.ReadAll(reader)
+	if code != 0 {
+		return string(out), fmt.Errorf("netbird status exited %d", code)
+	}
+	return string(out), nil
+}
+
+// WaitConnected polls until the client reports Management: Connected.
+func (cl *Client) WaitConnected(ctx context.Context, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	return cl.pollStatus(ctx, timeout, "Management: Connected")
+}
+
+// WaitProxyPeer polls until the client sees at least one connected peer — the
+// proxy serving the agent-network endpoint. It requires ">=1 connected" rather
+// than an exact "1/1" because proxy peers from earlier tests linger in the
+// account as disconnected (each proxy container registers a fresh WireGuard key
+// and the peer is not removed on teardown), so the count is e.g. "1/2". Only the
+// live proxy can be connected, and the caller's subsequent chat is the real
+// end-to-end assertion.
+func (cl *Client) WaitProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+	var last string
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		out, _ := cl.Status(ctx)
+		last = out
+		if connectedPeers(out) >= 1 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("timed out waiting for a connected proxy peer; last status:\n%s", last)
+}
+
+// connectedPeers parses the "Peers count: X/Y Connected" line from `netbird
+// status` and returns X (the connected count), or 0 when absent/unparseable.
+func connectedPeers(status string) int {
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(status, "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		rest, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "Peers count:")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		rest = strings.TrimSpace(rest)
+		slash := strings.IndexByte(rest, '/')
+		if slash <= 0 {
+			return 0
+		}
+		n, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(rest[:slash]))
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0
+		}
+		return n
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (cl *Client) pollStatus(ctx context.Context, timeout time.Duration, want string) error {
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+	var last string
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		out, _ := cl.Status(ctx)
+		last = out
+		if strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("timed out waiting for %q; last status:\n%s", want, last)
+}
+
+const (
+	// curlExitCouldNotResolve is curl's exit code for a DNS resolution failure, distinct from connection-level failures.
+	curlExitCouldNotResolve = 6
+	// curlExitCouldNotConnect is curl's exit code for a connection that never
+	// established. The probe exists to WAKE the lazy proxy peer, so the first
+	// attempt legitimately arrives before WireGuard has brought the tunnel up
+	// and fails here — which is propagation, exactly like an early NXDOMAIN,
+	// and belongs inside the retry window rather than failing the test outright.
+	curlExitCouldNotConnect = 7
+	// endpointProbeRetryWindow bounds retries of the transient failures above: the synthesized zone and the tunnel both land a beat after management connects. Still failing after this window is a real failure.
+	endpointProbeRetryWindow   = 30 * time.Second
+	endpointProbeRetryInterval = 2 * time.Second
+)
+
+// ResolveProxyIP GETs https://<endpoint>/ from the client's netns: any HTTP status proves DNS + tunnel and wakes the lazy proxy peer; DNS and connect failures retry, within endpointProbeRetryWindow. Returns the connected IP for --resolve pinning.
+func (cl *Client) ResolveProxyIP(ctx context.Context, endpoint string) (string, error) {
+	args := []string{
+		"run", "--rm",
+		"--network", "container:" + cl.container.GetContainerID(),
+		curlImage,
+		"-ksS", "-o", "/dev/null",
+		"--connect-timeout", "30", "--max-time", "60",
+		"-w", "%{remote_ip}",
+		"https://" + endpoint + "/",
+	}
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(endpointProbeRetryWindow)
+	for {
+		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", args...)
+		var stdout, stderr strings.Builder
+		cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+		cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+		err := cmd.Run()
+		if err == nil {
+			ip := strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String())
+			if ip == "" {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("got an HTTP response from %s but no remote IP", endpoint)
+			}
+			return ip, nil
+		}
+
+		var exitErr *exec.ExitError
+		if !errors.As(err, &exitErr) || !isTransientProbeExit(exitErr.ExitCode()) {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("no HTTP response from %s: %w (%s)", endpoint, err, strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()))
+		}
+		probeErr := fmt.Errorf("endpoint %s not reachable yet: %s", endpoint, strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()))
+		if time.Until(deadline) < endpointProbeRetryInterval {
+			return "", probeErr
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%w (%w)", probeErr, ctx.Err())
+		case <-time.After(endpointProbeRetryInterval):
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// isTransientProbeExit reports whether a curl exit code describes a state the
+// endpoint is expected to pass THROUGH on its way up, rather than a settled
+// failure. Anything else — TLS refusal, a protocol error, a bad argument —
+// would still be failing after the retry window, so it fails immediately.
+func isTransientProbeExit(code int) bool {
+	return code == curlExitCouldNotResolve || code == curlExitCouldNotConnect
+}
+
+// Wire shapes for Chat.
+const (
+	// WireChat is the OpenAI-compatible /v1/chat/completions shape.
+	WireChat = "chat"
+	// WireMessages is the Anthropic /v1/messages shape.
+	WireMessages = "messages"
+	// WireVertex is the Anthropic-on-Vertex rawPredict shape: the client posts
+	// the full Vertex model path and the proxy mints the SA OAuth token.
+	WireVertex = "vertex"
+	// WireBedrock is the native AWS Bedrock InvokeModel shape: the model id
+	// travels in the URL path (/model/{id}/invoke), not the body, so the proxy
+	// routes by path. This is what a Bedrock SDK client sends and the shape the
+	// model-allowlist guardrail must enforce.
+	WireBedrock = "bedrock"
+)
+
+// Chat issues a chat-completion POST to the agent-network endpoint over the
+// client's tunnel, returning the HTTP status and response body. kind selects
+// the wire shape: WireChat (OpenAI) or WireMessages (Anthropic). A non-empty
+// sessionID is sent as the universal x-session-id header the proxy records.
+func (cl *Client) Chat(ctx context.Context, endpoint, proxyIP, kind, model, prompt, sessionID string) (int, string, error) {
+	return cl.ChatPrefixed(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, "", kind, model, prompt, sessionID)
+}
+
+// ChatPrefixed is Chat with a base-URL path prefix prepended to the wire
+// path, mirroring agents whose base URL carries a shape-selecting prefix that
+// rides through to the upstream — e.g. Claude Code against a Kimi provider
+// sets ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL=https://<endpoint>/anthropic so the proxy forwards
+// /anthropic/v1/messages to Moonshot's Anthropic surface while the provider's
+// upstream URL stays the bare https://api.moonshot.ai. Empty prefix is plain
+// Chat.
+func (cl *Client) ChatPrefixed(ctx context.Context, endpoint, proxyIP, pathPrefix, kind, model, prompt, sessionID string) (int, string, error) {
+	var path, body string
+	var headers []string
+	switch kind {
+	case WireMessages:
+		path = "/v1/messages"
+		headers = []string{"anthropic-version: 2023-06-01"}
+		body = fmt.Sprintf(`{"model":%q,"max_tokens":2048,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":%q}]}`, model, prompt)
+	default:
+		path = "/v1/chat/completions"
+		body = fmt.Sprintf(`{"model":%q,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":%q}]}`, model, prompt)
+	}
+	return cl.post(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, pathPrefix+path, body, withSessionID(headers, sessionID))
+}
+
+// ChatStream is Chat with "stream": true in the request body, so the proxy's
+// request parser marks the call as streaming and its response parser takes the
+// SSE accumulator rather than the buffered-body path. Pair it with a provider
+// pointed at VLLM.StreamURL, which answers every request as an event stream.
+func (cl *Client) ChatStream(ctx context.Context, endpoint, proxyIP, kind, model, prompt, sessionID string) (int, string, error) {
+	var path, body string
+	var headers []string
+	switch kind {
+	case WireMessages:
+		path = "/v1/messages"
+		headers = []string{"anthropic-version: 2023-06-01"}
+		body = fmt.Sprintf(`{"model":%q,"max_tokens":2048,"stream":true,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":%q}]}`, model, prompt)
+	default:
+		path = "/v1/chat/completions"
+		// include_usage is what makes a real OpenAI stream emit its final usage
+		// frame; without it the last chunk carries no tokens at all.
+		body = fmt.Sprintf(`{"model":%q,"stream":true,"stream_options":{"include_usage":true},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":%q}]}`, model, prompt)
+	}
+	return cl.post(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, path, body, withSessionID(headers, sessionID))
+}
+
+// Vertex issues an Anthropic-on-Vertex rawPredict POST over the tunnel. Unlike
+// Chat, the model is carried in the request path (project/region/model), so the
+// proxy routes by path and mints the service-account OAuth token; the body uses
+// the Vertex anthropic_version rather than a model field. A non-empty sessionID
+// is sent as the universal x-session-id header the proxy records.
+func (cl *Client) Vertex(ctx context.Context, endpoint, proxyIP, project, region, model, prompt, sessionID string) (int, string, error) {
+	path := fmt.Sprintf("/v1/projects/%s/locations/%s/publishers/anthropic/models/%s:rawPredict", project, region, model)
+	body := fmt.Sprintf(`{"anthropic_version":"vertex-2023-10-16","max_tokens":2048,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":%q}]}`, prompt)
+	return cl.post(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, path, body, withSessionID(nil, sessionID))
+}
+
+// Bedrock issues a native AWS Bedrock InvokeModel POST over the tunnel. The
+// model id is carried in the request path (/model/{id}/invoke), so the proxy
+// routes by path; the body uses the bedrock anthropic_version rather than a
+// model field. A non-empty sessionID is sent as the universal x-session-id
+// header the proxy records.
+func (cl *Client) Bedrock(ctx context.Context, endpoint, proxyIP, model, prompt, sessionID string) (int, string, error) {
+	path := "/model/" + model + "/invoke"
+	body := fmt.Sprintf(`{"anthropic_version":"bedrock-2023-05-31","max_tokens":2048,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":%q}]}`, prompt)
+	return cl.post(ctx, endpoint, proxyIP, path, body, withSessionID(nil, sessionID))
+}
+
+// withSessionID appends the x-session-id header when sessionID is non-empty.
+func withSessionID(headers []string, sessionID string) []string {
+	if sessionID == "" {
+		return headers
+	}
+	return append(headers, "x-session-id: "+sessionID)
+}
+
+// Get issues a GET to the agent-network endpoint over the client's tunnel.
+// Model discovery and the connection-warming probe are read-only endpoints
+// that carry no body, so they can't go through the chat helpers.
+func (cl *Client) Get(ctx context.Context, endpoint, proxyIP, path string, extraHeaders []string) (int, string, error) {
+	return cl.do(ctx, http.MethodGet, endpoint, proxyIP, path, "", extraHeaders)
+}
+
+// PostJSON issues an arbitrary JSON POST over the client's tunnel, for wire
+// shapes the typed helpers don't cover (token counting, say).
+func (cl *Client) PostJSON(ctx context.Context, endpoint, proxyIP, path, body string, extraHeaders []string) (int, string, error) {
+	return cl.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, endpoint, proxyIP, path, body, extraHeaders)
+}
+
+// post issues a JSON POST. Retained as the shorthand the chat helpers use.
+func (cl *Client) post(ctx context.Context, endpoint, proxyIP, path, body string, extraHeaders []string) (int, string, error) {
+	return cl.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, endpoint, proxyIP, path, body, extraHeaders)
+}
+
+// do runs curl in a throwaway container sharing the client's network
+// namespace so the request traverses the WireGuard tunnel, pinning the endpoint
+// to the proxy IP. It returns the HTTP status and response body. An empty body
+// sends no payload, which is what a GET needs.
+func (cl *Client) do(ctx context.Context, method, endpoint, proxyIP, path, body string, extraHeaders []string) (int, string, error) {
+	url := "https://" + endpoint + path
+	args := []string{
+		"run", "--rm",
+		"--network", "container:" + cl.container.GetContainerID(),
+		curlImage,
+		"-sk", "--connect-timeout", "5", "--max-time", "90",
+		"--resolve", endpoint + ":443:" + proxyIP,
+		"-o", "/dev/stderr", "-w", "%{http_code}",
+		"-X", method, url,
+		"-H", "Content-Type: application/json",
+	}
+	for _, h := range extraHeaders {
+		args = append(args, "-H", h)
+	}
+	if body != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--data", body)
+	}
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", args...)
+	// -w writes the status code to stdout; -o /dev/stderr writes the body to
+	// stderr so we can capture both separately.
+	var stdout, stderr strings.Builder
+	cmd.Stdout = &stdout
+	cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return 0, stderr.String(), fmt.Errorf("curl through tunnel: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	code := 0
+	_, _ = fmt.Sscanf(strings.TrimSpace(stdout.String()), "%d", &code)
+	return code, stderr.String(), nil
+}
+
+// Logs returns the client container logs, for diagnostics on failure.
+func (cl *Client) Logs(ctx context.Context) string {
+	return containerLogs(ctx, cl.container)
+}
+
+// Terminate stops the client container.
+func (cl *Client) Terminate(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if cl.container == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return cl.container.Terminate(ctx)
+}
+
+// containerLogs reads up to 4 MiB of a container's logs for diagnostics — enough for a whole provider-matrix run.
+func containerLogs(ctx context.Context, c testcontainers.Container) string {
+	if c == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	r, err := c.Logs(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("<logs error: %v>", err)
+	}
+	defer r.Close()
+	b, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r, 4<<20))
+	return string(b)
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/combined.go b/e2e/harness/combined.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e03f9f256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/combined.go
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/docker/go-connections/nat"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go"
+	tcexec "github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/exec"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/network"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/wait"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/rest"
+)
+
+const (
+	combinedDockerfile = "combined/Dockerfile.multistage"
+	// defaultCombinedImage is the local tag the combined server is built under
+	// from combinedDockerfile, so the e2e exercises this branch's code. Override
+	// with NB_E2E_COMBINED_IMAGE: a value containing a "/" is pulled as a
+	// published image; a bare tag is built under that name instead.
+	defaultCombinedImage = "netbird-combined:e2e"
+	combinedHTTPPort     = "8080/tcp"
+
+	// combinedAlias is the combined server's network alias AND the deployment
+	// domain. The working manual setup uses a single NETBIRD_DOMAIN for the
+	// management exposed address, the proxy domain, and the agent-network
+	// cluster — so we mirror that: peers reach management/signal/relay at this
+	// name, the proxy registers this as its cluster, and the agent-network
+	// endpoint is <subdomain>.<combinedAlias>.
+	combinedAlias      = "netbird.local"
+	combinedExposedURL = "http://" + combinedAlias + ":8080"
+
+	// containerIssuer is the embedded IdP issuer, used only for internal JWT
+	// validation (peers authenticate with setup keys / proxy tokens, not OIDC),
+	// so the in-container localhost address is fine.
+	containerIssuer = "http://localhost:8080/oauth2"
+)
+
+// Combined is a running combined NetBird server (management + signal + relay +
+// STUN + embedded IdP) plus the connection details tests need. It owns the
+// shared docker network that the proxy and client containers join.
+type Combined struct {
+	container testcontainers.Container
+	network   *testcontainers.DockerNetwork
+	// BaseURL is the host-reachable management API root, e.g. http://127.0.0.1:51234.
+	BaseURL string
+	// PAT is the admin Personal Access Token minted via Bootstrap.
+	PAT string
+
+	api     *rest.Client
+	workDir string
+}
+
+// combinedOptions is what the CombinedOption values assemble.
+type combinedOptions struct {
+	geolocation bool
+	env         map[string]string
+}
+
+// CombinedOption adjusts how StartCombined boots the server. The defaults suit a
+// suite that only drives the API; the options exist for the ones that need more
+// of the product than that.
+type CombinedOption func(*combinedOptions)
+
+// WithGeolocation leaves the GeoLite database download enabled. It is off by
+// default because the download adds startup latency that most suites get nothing
+// for. A suite asserting on location-based posture checks needs it: management
+// evaluates those rules against the database, and without it the rule fails
+// instead of passing without having been checked.
+func WithGeolocation() CombinedOption {
+	return func(o *combinedOptions) { o.geolocation = true }
+}
+
+// WithServerEnv adds environment variables to the combined container, overriding
+// the defaults on a key collision. For settings this harness does not model
+// directly, so a suite needing one does not have to fork the harness to get it.
+func WithServerEnv(env map[string]string) CombinedOption {
+	return func(o *combinedOptions) {
+		if o.env == nil {
+			o.env = map[string]string{}
+		}
+		for k, v := range env {
+			o.env[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// combinedEnv is the combined container's environment: setup-PAT enabled so the
+// caller can mint an admin token through /api/setup, geolocation off unless the
+// suite asked for it, and whatever the suite added on top.
+func combinedEnv(o combinedOptions) map[string]string {
+	env := map[string]string{
+		"NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED": "true",
+	}
+	if !o.geolocation {
+		// Skip the GeoLite DB download — it blocks startup and agent-network
+		// ingest doesn't use geolocation.
+		env["NB_DISABLE_GEOLOCATION"] = "true"
+	}
+	for k, v := range o.env {
+		env[k] = v
+	}
+	return env
+}
+
+// StartCombined builds the combined server from its multistage Dockerfile and
+// boots it with setup-PAT enabled on a fresh shared network, returning once the
+// API is serving. The caller still owns minting the admin PAT via Bootstrap.
+func StartCombined(ctx context.Context, opts ...CombinedOption) (*Combined, error) {
+	var o combinedOptions
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(&o)
+	}
+
+	root, err := repoRoot(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	combinedImage, err := resolveImage(ctx, root, "NB_E2E_COMBINED_IMAGE", defaultCombinedImage, combinedDockerfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	net, err := network.New(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create shared network: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Work dir under /tmp so Docker Desktop file sharing (which excludes
+	// macOS's /var/folders TMPDIR) can bind-mount it.
+	workDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("/tmp", "nb-e2e-combined-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = net.Remove(ctx)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create work dir: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cfg := fmt.Sprintf(combinedConfigYAML, combinedExposedURL, !o.geolocation, containerIssuer)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, "config.yaml"), []byte(cfg), 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // non-secret config, bind-mounted and read by the container
+		_ = net.Remove(ctx)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write combined config: %w", err)
+	}
+	dataDir := filepath.Join(workDir, "data")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dataDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+		_ = net.Remove(ctx)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create datadir: %w", err)
+	}
+	// The config's agentNetwork.pricingDefaultsFile is a bare filename, so the
+	// server resolves it against the datadir; write it there. It is an explicitly
+	// configured path, so a failure to load fails the server's startup — which
+	// surfaces here as the /api/instance readiness wait timing out.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dataDir, PricingDefaultsFileName), []byte(pricingDefaultsYAML), 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // non-secret config, bind-mounted and read by the container
+		_ = net.Remove(ctx)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write pricing defaults: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req := testcontainers.ContainerRequest{
+		Image:          combinedImage,
+		ExposedPorts:   []string{combinedHTTPPort},
+		Networks:       []string{net.Name},
+		NetworkAliases: map[string][]string{net.Name: {combinedAlias}},
+		Env:            combinedEnv(o),
+		Cmd:            []string{"--config", "/nb/config.yaml"},
+		HostConfigModifier: func(hc *container.HostConfig) {
+			hc.Binds = append(hc.Binds, workDir+":/nb")
+		},
+		WaitingFor: wait.ForHTTP("/api/instance").
+			WithPort(combinedHTTPPort).
+			WithStatusCodeMatcher(func(status int) bool { return status == 200 }).
+			WithStartupTimeout(120 * time.Second),
+	}
+
+	c, err := testcontainers.GenericContainer(ctx, testcontainers.GenericContainerRequest{
+		ContainerRequest: req,
+		Started:          true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = net.Remove(ctx)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start combined container: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	host, err := c.Host(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Terminate(ctx)
+		_ = net.Remove(ctx)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("container host: %w", err)
+	}
+	mapped, err := c.MappedPort(ctx, nat.Port(combinedHTTPPort))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = c.Terminate(ctx)
+		_ = net.Remove(ctx)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("mapped port: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &Combined{
+		container: c,
+		network:   net,
+		BaseURL:   fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:%s", host, mapped.Port()),
+		workDir:   workDir,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// resolveImage returns the image to run for a component. By default it builds
+// the image from the repo Dockerfile under localTag, so the e2e exercises the
+// branch's code. The env override changes this: a value containing a "/" is a
+// registry reference that testcontainers pulls (e.g. to test a published
+// release); a bare tag is built under that name instead.
+func resolveImage(ctx context.Context, root, envKey, localTag, dockerfile string) (string, error) {
+	if v := os.Getenv(envKey); v != "" {
+		if strings.Contains(v, "/") {
+			return v, nil
+		}
+		localTag = v
+	}
+	if err := buildImage(ctx, root, dockerfile, localTag); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return localTag, nil
+}
+
+// buildImage builds an image from a repo Dockerfile via buildx with BuildKit, so
+// the Dockerfile cache mounts are honored and unchanged layers are reused. The
+// result is loaded into the docker image store so testcontainers runs it by tag.
+// When NB_E2E_BUILDX_CACHE names a directory (CI, with a container-driver
+// builder from docker/setup-buildx-action), layer cache is read from and written
+// to it as a local cache so actions/cache can persist it across runs; the Go
+// compile itself still re-runs, as BuildKit mount caches can't be exported.
+func buildImage(ctx context.Context, root, dockerfile, tag string) error {
+	args := []string{"buildx", "build", "-f", dockerfile, "-t", tag, "--load"}
+	if dir := os.Getenv("NB_E2E_BUILDX_CACHE"); dir != "" {
+		args = append(args,
+			"--cache-from", "type=local,src="+dir,
+			"--cache-to", "type=local,dest="+dir+",mode=max",
+		)
+	}
+	args = append(args, ".")
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "docker", args...)
+	cmd.Dir = root
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1")
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("build image %s: %w\n%s", tag, err, string(out))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateProxyTokenCLI mints a proxy access token via the server's `token
+// create` CLI inside the container — the same path the manual install uses.
+// This yields a GLOBAL (account-less) token, so the proxy serves the whole
+// cluster (SynthesizeServicesForCluster); an account-scoped REST token instead
+// drives the per-account path. Returns the plaintext token.
+func (c *Combined) CreateProxyTokenCLI(ctx context.Context, name string) (string, error) {
+	code, reader, err := c.container.Exec(ctx,
+		[]string{"/go/bin/netbird-server", "token", "create", "--name", name, "--config", "/nb/config.yaml"},
+		tcexec.Multiplexed())
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("exec token create: %w", err)
+	}
+	out, _ := io.ReadAll(reader)
+	if code != 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("token create exited %d: %s", code, string(out))
+	}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(out), "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "Token:") {
+			tok := strings.TrimSpace(strings.TrimPrefix(line, "Token:"))
+			if tok != "" {
+				return tok, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("token not found in CLI output: %s", string(out))
+}
+
+// SnapshotStoreDB copies the management sqlite store (with WAL/SHM sidecars) out of the bind-mounted
+// data dir into dstDir and returns the copy's path; reading a copy avoids locking against live writes.
+func (c *Combined) SnapshotStoreDB(dstDir string) (string, error) {
+	src := filepath.Join(c.workDir, "data", "store.db")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(src); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("management store not found at %s: %w", src, err)
+	}
+	dst := filepath.Join(dstDir, "store.db")
+	for _, suffix := range []string{"", "-wal", "-shm"} {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(src + suffix)
+		if err != nil {
+			if os.IsNotExist(err) && suffix != "" {
+				continue // sidecar only exists in WAL mode
+			}
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("read %s: %w", src+suffix, err)
+		}
+		if err := os.WriteFile(dst+suffix, data, 0o600); err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("write %s: %w", dst+suffix, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return dst, nil
+}
+
+// Logs returns the combined server container logs, for diagnostics.
+func (c *Combined) Logs(ctx context.Context) string {
+	return containerLogs(ctx, c.container)
+}
+
+// Terminate stops the container, removes the shared network, and cleans the
+// work dir.
+func (c *Combined) Terminate(ctx context.Context) error {
+	var err error
+	if c.container != nil {
+		err = c.container.Terminate(ctx)
+	}
+	if c.network != nil {
+		_ = c.network.Remove(ctx)
+	}
+	if c.workDir != "" {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(c.workDir)
+	}
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/config.go b/e2e/harness/config.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0952b18c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+// combinedConfigYAML is a minimal combined-server config for tests: plain HTTP
+// on :8080 (no TLS cert configured → the server serves HTTP and expects to sit
+// behind a reverse proxy, which is exactly what we want for in-cluster tests),
+// embedded IdP, local signal/relay/STUN, and a sqlite store under the mounted
+// data dir. exposedAddress is the address peers use to reach this container; it
+// is overridden per-run so the value matches the container's network alias.
+//
+// pricingDefaultsFile is deliberately a BARE FILENAME, not an absolute path: it
+// must resolve against dataDir (→ /nb/data/<name>), which is the resolution rule
+// the combined server applies. It is also an EXPLICITLY configured path, so the
+// server is required to load it — a broken path or malformed file fails startup
+// rather than silently falling back to the compiled-in rates, and TestMain then
+// fails with the container logs.
+//
+// disableGeoliteUpdate is a parameter rather than a fixed true because a suite
+// that exercises geolocation needs the database: management can only evaluate a
+// location rule with GeoLite loaded, and a rule it cannot evaluate fails rather
+// than passing vacuously. See WithGeolocation.
+const combinedConfigYAML = `server:
+  listenAddress: ":8080"
+  exposedAddress: "%s"
+  healthcheckAddress: ":9000"
+  metricsPort: 9090
+  logLevel: "info"
+  logFile: "console"
+  authSecret: "e2e-relay-secret"
+  dataDir: "/nb/data"
+  disableAnonymousMetrics: true
+  disableGeoliteUpdate: %t
+  auth:
+    issuer: "%s"
+  store:
+    engine: "sqlite"
+  agentNetwork:
+    pricingDefaultsFile: "` + PricingDefaultsFileName + `"
+`
+
+const (
+	// PricingDefaultsFileName is the basename of the operator-supplied LLM
+	// pricing defaults file the combined server is configured to load. Written
+	// into the bind-mounted datadir by StartCombined.
+	PricingDefaultsFileName = "e2e_llm_pricing.yaml"
+
+	// PricedDefaultModel is a real catalog model (openai surface) whose rates the
+	// defaults file below REPLACES. Tests drive it against the mock vLLM upstream
+	// and assert the file's rates were billed, which is only true if the file
+	// travelled: config → LoadFile → DefaultTable → synthesizer → the proxy's
+	// cost_meter defaults table.
+	PricedDefaultModel = "gpt-4.1-mini"
+	// PricedDefaultInputPer1k / PricedDefaultOutputPer1k are deliberately odd
+	// values that no compiled-in catalog entry carries (gpt-4.1-mini ships as
+	// 0.0004 / 0.0016), so a test asserting them cannot pass on the built-in
+	// table.
+	PricedDefaultInputPer1k  = 0.0123
+	PricedDefaultOutputPer1k = 0.0456
+)
+
+// pricingDefaultsYAML is the operator-supplied pricing defaults file. Its schema
+// is surface -> model -> per-1k rates. Entries replace the compiled-in entry for
+// the same surface+model whole; every other model keeps its built-in rates, so
+// this file overriding one model must not disturb the rest of the table.
+const pricingDefaultsYAML = `openai:
+  gpt-4.1-mini:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0123
+    output_per_1k: 0.0456
+`
diff --git a/e2e/harness/doc.go b/e2e/harness/doc.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..937d8e664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/doc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+// Package harness provides a self-contained, OIDC-free way to stand up NetBird
+// components in containers for end-to-end tests. It is feature-agnostic: any
+// suite can ask for a live management server (with an admin PAT minted through
+// the unauthenticated /api/setup bootstrap) and, later, a proxy and client.
+//
+// The harness compiles each component once in a cached builder container and
+// mounts the resulting binary into a slim runtime container, so iterating on a
+// branch doesn't pay a full image rebuild per run. Everything is gated behind
+// the `e2e` build tag so normal builds and unit tests never pull in
+// testcontainers.
+package harness
diff --git a/e2e/harness/options_test.go b/e2e/harness/options_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a5557a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/options_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// The options exist so a suite can ask for a deployment this harness would not
+// otherwise give it. What they configure is a container environment and a config
+// file, both assembled before anything is started, so they are checkable without
+// Docker — which is the point: a wiring mistake here would otherwise only show up
+// as a puzzling failure minutes into a container run.
+
+func TestCombinedEnvGeolocation(t *testing.T) {
+	var off combinedOptions
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", combinedEnv(off)["NB_DISABLE_GEOLOCATION"],
+		"geolocation should be off by default")
+
+	var on combinedOptions
+	WithGeolocation()(&on)
+	assert.NotContains(t, combinedEnv(on), "NB_DISABLE_GEOLOCATION",
+		"WithGeolocation must leave NB_DISABLE_GEOLOCATION unset, so the server downloads the database")
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", combinedEnv(on)["NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED"],
+		"the setup PAT must stay enabled whatever else is configured; Bootstrap depends on it")
+}
+
+// The config file carries the same decision as the environment variable, and the
+// server needs both to agree: disableGeoliteUpdate suppresses the download even
+// when geolocation itself is enabled.
+func TestCombinedConfigGeolocation(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		opts []CombinedOption
+		want string
+	}{
+		{name: "default", want: "disableGeoliteUpdate: true"},
+		{name: "with geolocation", opts: []CombinedOption{WithGeolocation()}, want: "disableGeoliteUpdate: false"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var o combinedOptions
+			for _, opt := range tc.opts {
+				opt(&o)
+			}
+			cfg := fmt.Sprintf(combinedConfigYAML, combinedExposedURL, !o.geolocation, containerIssuer)
+			assert.Contains(t, cfg, tc.want, "geolocation not rendered as expected")
+			// The issuer is the last verb; a mis-ordered argument list would put
+			// the boolean here instead and the server would fail to start.
+			assert.Contains(t, cfg, `issuer: "`+containerIssuer+`"`, "issuer not rendered")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWithServerEnvOverrides(t *testing.T) {
+	var o combinedOptions
+	WithServerEnv(map[string]string{"NB_LOG_LEVEL": "debug"})(&o)
+	WithServerEnv(map[string]string{"NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED": "false"})(&o)
+
+	env := combinedEnv(o)
+	assert.Equal(t, "debug", env["NB_LOG_LEVEL"], "added variable missing")
+	assert.Equal(t, "false", env["NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED"], "a suite must be able to override a default")
+}
+
+// Two agents on one network cannot share an alias, so the name has to reach both
+// the alias and the hostname. The hostname is the one management records, so it is
+// also what the peer is addressable by through the API.
+func TestWithClientName(t *testing.T) {
+	o := clientOptions{name: clientAlias}
+	require.Equal(t, "client", o.name, "unexpected default client name")
+
+	WithClientName("peer2")(&o)
+	assert.Equal(t, "peer2", o.name, "WithClientName did not take")
+}
+
+// repoRoot has to recognise this module rather than merely finding a go.mod, or a
+// suite in another module gets its own root and a build context without the
+// component Dockerfiles in it.
+func TestIsModule(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	other := filepath.Join(dir, "go.mod")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(other, []byte("module example.com/other\n\ngo 1.25\n"), 0o600))
+	assert.False(t, isModule(other, modulePath), "another module's go.mod must not be taken for this repo")
+
+	ours := filepath.Join(dir, "ours.mod")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(ours, []byte("// a comment\n\nmodule "+modulePath+"\n\ngo 1.25\n"), 0o600))
+	assert.True(t, isModule(ours, modulePath), "this repo's go.mod was not recognised")
+
+	assert.False(t, isModule(filepath.Join(dir, "absent.mod"), modulePath),
+		"a missing go.mod must not report a match")
+}
+
+// Running from inside the repo, repoRoot finds it by walking up — the module
+// lookup is only the fallback, and this asserts the walk still wins so an in-repo
+// run never depends on the module cache.
+func TestRepoRootFindsThisRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	root, err := repoRoot(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, isModule(filepath.Join(root, "go.mod"), modulePath),
+		"repoRoot returned %s, which is not this module", root)
+
+	for _, f := range []string{combinedDockerfile, clientDockerfile} {
+		_, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(root, f))
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "%s is not present under the reported root %s", f, root)
+	}
+}
+
+// A caller that vendors its dependencies puts the go command in automatic vendor
+// mode, where `go list -m -f {{.Dir}}` succeeds and reports an EMPTY directory:
+// vendor/ holds packages, not module source. Without -mod=readonly the lookup
+// would come back empty and the harness would report a missing module for a
+// dependency that is present.
+func TestModuleDirResolvesUnderVendorMode(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := exec.LookPath("go"); err != nil {
+		t.Skip("no go tool on PATH")
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	base := t.TempDir()
+	dep := filepath.Join(base, "dep")
+	main := filepath.Join(base, "main")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(dep, 0o750))
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(main, 0o750))
+
+	// A local replacement rather than a real dependency, so this needs no network.
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dep, "go.mod"),
+		[]byte("module example.com/dep\n\ngo 1.25\n"), 0o600))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dep, "dep.go"),
+		[]byte("package dep\n"), 0o600))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(main, "go.mod"),
+		[]byte("module example.com/main\n\ngo 1.25\n\nrequire example.com/dep v0.0.0\n\nreplace example.com/dep v0.0.0 => ../dep\n"), 0o600))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(main, "main.go"),
+		[]byte("package main\n\nimport _ \"example.com/dep\"\n\nfunc main() {}\n"), 0o600))
+
+	t.Chdir(main)
+	vendor := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "go", "mod", "vendor")
+	out, err := vendor.CombinedOutput()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "go mod vendor: %s", out)
+
+	dir, err := moduleDir(ctx, "example.com/dep")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "the module must still resolve with a vendor directory present")
+	assert.Equal(t, dep, dir, "resolved the wrong directory")
+}
+
+// A cancelled context has to stop the lookup rather than leaving the caller
+// waiting on a subprocess it has already given up on.
+func TestModuleDirHonoursContext(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	_, err := moduleDir(ctx, modulePath)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.Canceled, "a cancelled context must stop the lookup")
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/paths.go b/e2e/harness/paths.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..569c32efc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/paths.go
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// modulePath is this module, used both to recognise the repo when walking up
+// from the working directory and to locate it when the suite lives elsewhere.
+const modulePath = "github.com/netbirdio/netbird"
+
+// repoRoot returns the directory the component Dockerfiles are built from.
+//
+// Walking up from the working directory finds it for any test inside this repo,
+// no matter which package it runs from. A suite in another module gets a
+// different answer that way — its own module root, where combined/Dockerfile
+// does not exist — so the ancestor has to be this module and not merely some
+// module. When it is not, the build context is the extracted module directory of
+// whichever version that suite depends on, which is the right one: the server it
+// tests against is then built from the same revision as the client library it
+// was compiled with.
+func repoRoot(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	dir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	for {
+		if isModule(filepath.Join(dir, "go.mod"), modulePath) {
+			return dir, nil
+		}
+		parent := filepath.Dir(dir)
+		if parent == dir {
+			break
+		}
+		dir = parent
+	}
+	return moduleDir(ctx, modulePath)
+}
+
+// isModule reports whether the go.mod at path declares the given module.
+func isModule(path, want string) bool {
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(b), "\n") {
+		if rest, ok := strings.CutPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(line), "module "); ok {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(rest) == want
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// moduleDir asks the go tool where a module's source is, which for a dependent
+// module is its extracted copy in the module cache. The cache is read-only, and
+// a Docker build context is only ever read.
+//
+// -mod=readonly is required rather than cosmetic. A caller that vendors its
+// dependencies puts the go command in automatic vendor mode, where this lookup
+// succeeds with an EMPTY directory — vendor/ holds packages, not module source,
+// so there is nothing to report. Asking in readonly mode resolves against the
+// module graph instead, which answers for both a cached module and a local
+// replacement, and neither writes to go.mod.
+func moduleDir(ctx context.Context, module string) (string, error) {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "go", "list", "-mod=readonly", "-m", "-f", "{{.Dir}}", module)
+	out, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("locate %s: %w", module, err)
+	}
+	dir := strings.TrimSpace(string(out))
+	if dir == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("locate %s: the go tool reported no directory; run `go mod download %s`", module, module)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(dir); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("locate %s: %w", module, err)
+	}
+	return dir, nil
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/proxy.go b/e2e/harness/proxy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d709b439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/proxy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/wait"
+)
+
+const (
+	proxyDockerfile = "proxy/Dockerfile.multistage"
+	// defaultProxyImage is the local tag the reverse proxy is built under from
+	// proxyDockerfile. Override with NB_E2E_PROXY_IMAGE: a value with a "/" is
+	// pulled as a published image; a bare tag is built under that name.
+	defaultProxyImage = "netbird-reverse-proxy:e2e"
+	proxyAlias        = "proxy"
+
+	// AgentNetworkCluster is the proxy cluster the e2e provider bootstraps and
+	// the proxy serves. It must equal the management's exposed domain
+	// (combinedAlias) — the working manual setup uses one NETBIRD_DOMAIN for
+	// both. The agent-network endpoint is <subdomain>.<cluster>.
+	AgentNetworkCluster = combinedAlias
+)
+
+// Proxy is a running agent-network gateway (netbird proxy) container.
+type Proxy struct {
+	container testcontainers.Container
+	workDir   string
+}
+
+// StartProxy builds the proxy image and runs it on the combined server's
+// network, registered via the given account proxy token and serving the
+// AgentNetworkCluster over a self-signed wildcard cert. It does not wait for
+// peer connectivity — callers poll management for the proxy peer.
+// StartProxy launches the reverse-proxy container. Optional envOverrides are
+// merged into the container environment after the defaults, so callers can set
+// or override any NB_PROXY_* var (e.g. NB_PROXY_TUNNEL_CACHE_TTL for tests that
+// need a short authorization-cache window).
+func StartProxy(ctx context.Context, c *Combined, proxyToken string, envOverrides ...map[string]string) (*Proxy, error) {
+	root, err := repoRoot(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	proxyImage, err := resolveImage(ctx, root, "NB_E2E_PROXY_IMAGE", defaultProxyImage, proxyDockerfile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	workDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("/tmp", "nb-e2e-proxy-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create proxy work dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	// MkdirTemp creates the dir 0700; widen it so the non-root proxy container
+	// can traverse the bind-mounted cert dir on Linux CI runners.
+	if err := os.Chmod(workDir, 0o755); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // throwaway e2e cert dir, must be traversable by the proxy container uid
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("chmod proxy cert dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := writeSelfSignedCert(workDir, []string{"*." + AgentNetworkCluster, AgentNetworkCluster}); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	req := testcontainers.ContainerRequest{
+		Image:          proxyImage,
+		Networks:       []string{c.network.Name},
+		NetworkAliases: map[string][]string{c.network.Name: {proxyAlias}},
+		Env: map[string]string{
+			"NB_PROXY_TOKEN":                 proxyToken,
+			"NB_PROXY_MANAGEMENT_ADDRESS":    combinedExposedURL,
+			"NB_PROXY_DOMAIN":                AgentNetworkCluster,
+			"NB_PROXY_ADDRESS":               ":443",
+			"NB_PROXY_CERTIFICATE_DIRECTORY": "/certs",
+			"NB_PROXY_HEALTH_ADDRESS":        ":8081",
+			"NB_PROXY_LOG_LEVEL":             "debug",
+			"NB_PROXY_PRIVATE":               "true",
+			// Management is plain HTTP in-cluster, so allow the proxy token to
+			// ride a non-TLS gRPC connection.
+			"NB_PROXY_ALLOW_INSECURE": "true",
+			// The combined server multiplexes the relay over WebSocket on :8080
+			// (no QUIC listener). The proxy's embedded relay client defaults to
+			// QUIC, which fails here and flaps the relay link, churning the
+			// proxy peer so it never stably registers. Force WS transport.
+			"NB_RELAY_TRANSPORT": "ws",
+			// Trace the embedded client (relay / signal / handshake) so
+			// peer-registration issues are visible in the proxy logs.
+			"NB_PROXY_CLIENT_LOG_LEVEL": "trace",
+		},
+		HostConfigModifier: func(hc *container.HostConfig) {
+			hc.Binds = append(hc.Binds, workDir+":/certs")
+			hc.CapAdd = append(hc.CapAdd, "NET_ADMIN", "SYS_ADMIN", "SYS_RESOURCE", "NET_BIND_SERVICE")
+		},
+		WaitingFor: wait.ForLog("Initial mapping sync complete").WithStartupTimeout(90 * time.Second),
+	}
+
+	for _, ov := range envOverrides {
+		for k, v := range ov {
+			req.Env[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	ctr, err := testcontainers.GenericContainer(ctx, testcontainers.GenericContainerRequest{
+		ContainerRequest: req,
+		Started:          true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start proxy container: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &Proxy{container: ctr, workDir: workDir}, nil
+}
+
+// Logs returns the proxy container logs, for diagnostics on failure.
+func (p *Proxy) Logs(ctx context.Context) string {
+	return containerLogs(ctx, p.container)
+}
+
+// Terminate stops the proxy container and cleans its work dir.
+func (p *Proxy) Terminate(ctx context.Context) error {
+	var err error
+	if p.container != nil {
+		err = p.container.Terminate(ctx)
+	}
+	if p.workDir != "" {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(p.workDir)
+	}
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/upstream.go b/e2e/harness/upstream.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdffe63b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/upstream.go
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/wait"
+)
+
+const (
+	fakeUpstreamImage = "nginx:alpine"
+	fakeUpstreamAlias = "fakeupstream"
+	fakeUpstreamPort  = "443/tcp"
+)
+
+// fakeUpstreamNginxConf serves a canned OpenAI-shaped chat completion for any
+// path over a self-signed certificate, so the proxy reaches it only when the
+// provider opts into skipping TLS verification.
+const fakeUpstreamNginxConf = `pid /tmp/nginx.pid;
+events {}
+http {
+  server {
+    listen 443 ssl;
+    ssl_certificate     /certs/tls.crt;
+    ssl_certificate_key /certs/tls.key;
+    location / {
+      default_type application/json;
+      return 200 '{"id":"chatcmpl-e2e","object":"chat.completion","choices":[{"index":0,"message":{"role":"assistant","content":"pong"},"finish_reason":"stop"}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1,"completion_tokens":1,"total_tokens":2}}';
+    }
+  }
+}
+`
+
+// FakeUpstream is a self-signed HTTPS server on the combined server's network,
+// used to exercise provider skip_tls_verification: a proxy that verifies the
+// certificate rejects it, one that skips verification reaches it.
+type FakeUpstream struct {
+	container testcontainers.Container
+	workDir   string
+	// URL is the upstream URL providers point at (https://<alias>).
+	URL string
+}
+
+// StartFakeUpstream runs the self-signed upstream on the shared network.
+func StartFakeUpstream(ctx context.Context, c *Combined) (*FakeUpstream, error) {
+	workDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("/tmp", "nb-e2e-upstream-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create upstream work dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	// Widen so the (non-root worker) nginx container can traverse the bind mount.
+	if err := os.Chmod(workDir, 0o755); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // throwaway e2e cert dir
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("chmod upstream dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := writeSelfSignedCert(workDir, []string{fakeUpstreamAlias}); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, "nginx.conf"), []byte(fakeUpstreamNginxConf), 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // non-secret e2e config
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write nginx conf: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req := testcontainers.ContainerRequest{
+		Image:          fakeUpstreamImage,
+		ExposedPorts:   []string{fakeUpstreamPort},
+		Networks:       []string{c.network.Name},
+		NetworkAliases: map[string][]string{c.network.Name: {fakeUpstreamAlias}},
+		Cmd:            []string{"nginx", "-c", "/certs/nginx.conf", "-g", "daemon off;"},
+		HostConfigModifier: func(hc *container.HostConfig) {
+			hc.Binds = append(hc.Binds, workDir+":/certs:ro")
+		},
+		WaitingFor: wait.ForListeningPort(fakeUpstreamPort).WithStartupTimeout(60 * time.Second),
+	}
+
+	ctr, err := testcontainers.GenericContainer(ctx, testcontainers.GenericContainerRequest{
+		ContainerRequest: req,
+		Started:          true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(workDir)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start fake upstream container: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &FakeUpstream{container: ctr, workDir: workDir, URL: "https://" + fakeUpstreamAlias}, nil
+}
+
+// Logs returns the upstream container logs, for diagnostics on failure.
+func (u *FakeUpstream) Logs(ctx context.Context) string {
+	return containerLogs(ctx, u.container)
+}
+
+// Terminate stops the upstream container and cleans its work dir.
+func (u *FakeUpstream) Terminate(ctx context.Context) error {
+	var err error
+	if u.container != nil {
+		err = u.container.Terminate(ctx)
+	}
+	if u.workDir != "" {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(u.workDir)
+	}
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/e2e/harness/vllm.go b/e2e/harness/vllm.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf9316325
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/harness/vllm.go
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package harness
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go"
+	"github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/wait"
+)
+
+const (
+	vllmImage = "nginx:alpine"
+	vllmAlias = "vllm"
+	vllmPort  = "8000/tcp"
+	// vllmStreamPort serves the same wire shapes as an SSE stream. See the
+	// nginx config for why streaming lives on its own listener.
+	vllmStreamPort = "8001/tcp"
+	// VLLMModel is the served model id the mock advertises and echoes back. It
+	// matches a real small model commonly served by vLLM so the provider's
+	// enumerated model and the client's request line up.
+	VLLMModel = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct"
+	// VLLMUnlistedModel is a second id the mock's model listing advertises but
+	// no test provider enumerates, so a filtered listing is observably shorter
+	// than the upstream's own.
+	VLLMUnlistedModel = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct"
+)
+
+// Token counts the mock reports per wire shape. Tests assert on these rather
+// than on "> 0" so a response parsed with the wrong provider's parser (which
+// would read a different field, or none) fails loudly instead of passing on
+// a coincidental non-zero.
+const (
+	// VLLMChatInputTokens / VLLMChatOutputTokens ride the OpenAI usage block.
+	VLLMChatInputTokens  = 11
+	VLLMChatOutputTokens = 2
+	// VLLMMessagesInputTokens / VLLMMessagesOutputTokens ride the Anthropic
+	// usage block, whose field names the OpenAI parser cannot read.
+	VLLMMessagesInputTokens  = 17
+	VLLMMessagesOutputTokens = 3
+)
+
+// Token counts the streaming surface reports. They differ from the
+// non-streaming ones on purpose: a test that asserts these numbers proves the
+// SSE accumulator ran, rather than a buffered JSON body having been parsed.
+//
+// Input and cache-read arrive on message_start; output arrives on
+// message_delta and supersedes the seed value message_start carries. Any
+// parser that cannot read message_start reports zero input tokens — which is
+// exactly the bug these counts exist to catch.
+const (
+	VLLMStreamInputTokens     = 29
+	VLLMStreamOutputTokens    = 5
+	VLLMStreamCacheReadTokens = 7
+)
+
+// vllmNginxConf emulates a vLLM OpenAI-compatible server over plain HTTP (vLLM's
+// default: no TLS, port 8000), and additionally answers the wire shapes the
+// other catalog surfaces speak so one mock can stand in for every provider the
+// proxy routes to. Running actual vLLM in CI is infeasible (GPU + multi-GB model
+// download), so this stands in for the wire contract the proxy depends on.
+//
+// Each shape answers with its own vendor's usage block, so a response parsed
+// under the wrong surface meters zero rather than passing by accident:
+//
+//   - /v1/chat/completions (and any unmatched path): OpenAI chat completion.
+//   - /v1/messages: Anthropic Messages, snake_case usage plus a cache bucket.
+//   - /model/{id}/invoke: Bedrock InvokeModel, which carries the Anthropic body.
+//   - the token-counting endpoints: a count, with no usage block at all.
+//
+// The model listing advertises two models so a policy that authorises one
+// produces an observably shorter list than the upstream's own.
+const vllmNginxConf = `pid /tmp/nginx.pid;
+events {}
+http {
+  server {
+    listen 8000;
+    location = /v1/models {
+      default_type application/json;
+      return 200 '{"object":"list","data":[{"id":"Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct","object":"model","owned_by":"vllm"},{"id":"Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct","object":"model","owned_by":"vllm"}]}';
+    }
+    location = /v1/messages {
+      default_type application/json;
+      return 200 '{"id":"msg_e2e","type":"message","role":"assistant","model":"claude-sonnet-5","content":[{"type":"text","text":"pong"}],"stop_reason":"end_turn","usage":{"input_tokens":17,"output_tokens":3,"cache_read_input_tokens":5}}';
+    }
+    location = /v1/messages/count_tokens {
+      default_type application/json;
+      return 200 '{"input_tokens":7}';
+    }
+    location ~ ^/model/.+/invoke$ {
+      default_type application/json;
+      return 200 '{"id":"msg_e2e_bedrock","type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"text","text":"pong"}],"stop_reason":"end_turn","usage":{"input_tokens":17,"output_tokens":3,"cache_read_input_tokens":5}}';
+    }
+    location ~ ^/model/.+/count-tokens$ {
+      default_type application/json;
+      return 200 '{"inputTokens":9}';
+    }
+    location = /api/hello {
+      return 200;
+    }
+    location = /inference-profiles {
+      default_type application/json;
+      return 200 '{"inferenceProfileSummaries":[{"inferenceProfileId":"us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5","status":"ACTIVE"}]}';
+    }
+    location / {
+      default_type application/json;
+      return 200 '{"id":"chatcmpl-e2e-vllm","object":"chat.completion","created":1700000000,"model":"Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct","choices":[{"index":0,"message":{"role":"assistant","content":"pong"},"finish_reason":"stop"}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":11,"completion_tokens":2,"total_tokens":13}}';
+    }
+  }
+
+  # The streaming surface, on its own port so the response content type is a
+  # property of the listener rather than of a per-request branch: nginx sets
+  # Content-Type from default_type, which cannot be varied inside an "if", and
+  # a second Content-Type via add_header would leave the proxy reading the
+  # wrong one. A provider record pointed at this port streams every answer.
+  #
+  # Input and cache-read tokens ride message_start, output rides message_delta
+  # — the split that makes a stream different from a buffered body, and the
+  # reason a parser that ignores message_start meters input as zero.
+  server {
+    listen 8001;
+    location = /v1/messages {
+      default_type text/event-stream;
+      return 200 'event: message_start
+data: {"type":"message_start","message":{"id":"msg_e2e_stream","type":"message","role":"assistant","model":"claude-sonnet-5","content":[],"usage":{"input_tokens":29,"output_tokens":1,"cache_read_input_tokens":7}}}
+
+event: content_block_delta
+data: {"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":"pong"}}
+
+event: message_delta
+data: {"type":"message_delta","delta":{"stop_reason":"end_turn"},"usage":{"output_tokens":5}}
+
+event: message_stop
+data: {"type":"message_stop"}
+
+';
+    }
+    location / {
+      default_type text/event-stream;
+      return 200 'data: {"choices":[{"delta":{"content":"pong"}}]}
+
+data: {"choices":[],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":29,"completion_tokens":5,"total_tokens":34}}
+
+data: [DONE]
+
+';
+    }
+  }
+}
+`
+
+// VLLM is a mock vLLM OpenAI-compatible server on the combined server's network,
+// reachable at http://vllm:8000. A "vllm" provider points at it to exercise the
+// proxy's support for self-hosted OpenAI-compatible backends.
+type VLLM struct {
+	container testcontainers.Container
+	workDir   string
+	// URL is the upstream URL the vllm provider points at (http://<alias>:8000).
+	URL string
+	// StreamURL is the same mock's streaming listener. A provider pointed here
+	// answers every request as SSE, so the proxy's streaming accumulator runs
+	// instead of its buffered-body parser.
+	StreamURL string
+}
+
+// StartVLLM runs the mock vLLM server on the shared network over plain HTTP.
+func StartVLLM(ctx context.Context, c *Combined) (*VLLM, error) {
+	workDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("/tmp", "nb-e2e-vllm-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create vllm work dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	// Widen so the (non-root worker) nginx container can traverse the bind mount.
+	if err := os.Chmod(workDir, 0o755); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // throwaway e2e config dir
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("chmod vllm dir: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, "nginx.conf"), []byte(vllmNginxConf), 0o644); err != nil { //nolint:gosec // non-secret e2e config
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write nginx conf: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req := testcontainers.ContainerRequest{
+		Image:          vllmImage,
+		ExposedPorts:   []string{vllmPort, vllmStreamPort},
+		Networks:       []string{c.network.Name},
+		NetworkAliases: map[string][]string{c.network.Name: {vllmAlias}},
+		Cmd:            []string{"nginx", "-c", "/conf/nginx.conf", "-g", "daemon off;"},
+		HostConfigModifier: func(hc *container.HostConfig) {
+			hc.Binds = append(hc.Binds, workDir+":/conf:ro")
+		},
+		WaitingFor: wait.ForAll(
+			wait.ForListeningPort(vllmPort),
+			wait.ForListeningPort(vllmStreamPort),
+		).WithStartupTimeout(60 * time.Second),
+	}
+
+	ctr, err := testcontainers.GenericContainer(ctx, testcontainers.GenericContainerRequest{
+		ContainerRequest: req,
+		Started:          true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(workDir)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("start vllm container: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &VLLM{
+		container: ctr,
+		workDir:   workDir,
+		URL:       "http://" + vllmAlias + ":8000",
+		StreamURL: "http://" + vllmAlias + ":8001",
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Logs returns the vLLM container logs, for diagnostics on failure.
+func (v *VLLM) Logs(ctx context.Context) string {
+	return containerLogs(ctx, v.container)
+}
+
+// Terminate stops the vLLM container and cleans its work dir.
+func (v *VLLM) Terminate(ctx context.Context) error {
+	var err error
+	if v.container != nil {
+		err = v.container.Terminate(ctx)
+	}
+	if v.workDir != "" {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(v.workDir)
+	}
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/e2e/remotejobs/main_test.go b/e2e/remotejobs/main_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..962a5b5d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/remotejobs/main_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+// Package remotejobs holds the container-based e2e suite for the remote-jobs
+// opt-in (PR #7153) and the debug-bundle job parameters anonymize_level /
+// upload_url (PR #7147). A combined server is built and bootstrapped once per
+// package run (TestMain) and shared via srv; each test registers its own client
+// and cleans it up.
+package remotejobs
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+)
+
+// srv is the shared combined server for the package, PAT-authenticated by the
+// time any Test runs.
+var srv *harness.Combined
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	os.Exit(run(m))
+}
+
+func run(m *testing.M) int {
+	// Generous timeout to cover a cold image build on first run.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	var err error
+	srv, err = harness.StartCombined(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "e2e: start combined server: %v\n", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = srv.Terminate(context.Background()) }()
+
+	if _, err := srv.Bootstrap(ctx); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "e2e: bootstrap admin PAT: %v\n", err)
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	return m.Run()
+}
diff --git a/e2e/remotejobs/remotejobs_test.go b/e2e/remotejobs/remotejobs_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48d0bd986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/remotejobs/remotejobs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+//go:build e2e
+
+package remotejobs
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/e2e/harness"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	refusedReason = "remote jobs are not enabled on this peer"
+	// testUploadURL is the debug-bundle upload URL the job subtests pass; it only
+	// needs to be a well-formed https URL with a host (see ValidateBundleUploadURL).
+	testUploadURL = "https://uploads.example.com/bundle"
+)
+
+// TestRemoteJobsOptInAndBundleParams exercises the two PRs end-to-end against a
+// live management server and a real client:
+//
+//   - #7153: the peer's remote-jobs opt-in defaults off, is reported to
+//     management (visible via the peers API as remote_jobs_allowed), and gates
+//     job execution on the client — a streamed job is refused until the peer
+//     opts in with `netbird up --allow-remote-jobs`, after which it runs.
+//   - #7147: the debug-bundle job's anonymize_level is validated (an unknown
+//     value is rejected at creation) and normalized (trimmed + lowercased) in
+//     the stored job the API returns.
+func TestRemoteJobsOptInAndBundleParams(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// A group for the setup key to auto-assign; peers must land in some group.
+	grp, err := srv.API().Groups.Create(ctx, api.PostApiGroupsJSONRequestBody{Name: "e2e-remotejobs"})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "create group")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().Groups.Delete(context.Background(), grp.Id) })
+
+	sk, err := srv.API().SetupKeys.Create(ctx, api.PostApiSetupKeysJSONRequestBody{
+		Name:       "e2e-remotejobs",
+		Type:       "reusable",
+		ExpiresIn:  86400,
+		UsageLimit: 0,
+		AutoGroups: []string{grp.Id},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "mint setup key")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, sk.Key, "setup key plaintext")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.API().SetupKeys.Delete(context.Background(), sk.Id) })
+
+	// Start the client with a plain `netbird up` (remote jobs NOT enabled).
+	cl, err := harness.StartClient(ctx, srv, sk.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "start client")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = cl.Terminate(context.Background()) })
+	require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must connect to management")
+
+	peerID := waitForPeer(ctx, t, cl.Hostname())
+
+	t.Run("opt-in flag defaults to false and is reported to management (#7153)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := srv.API().Peers.Get(ctx, peerID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		allowed := remoteJobsAllowed(p)
+		require.NotNil(t, allowed, "remote_jobs_allowed must be present on the peer API")
+		assert.False(t, *allowed, "a peer that ran plain `netbird up` must default to opt-out")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("anonymize_level is validated and normalized (#7147)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Unknown level is rejected at job creation.
+		_, err := srv.API().Peers.Jobs(peerID).Create(ctx, bundleJob("bogus", testUploadURL))
+		require.Error(t, err, "an unknown anonymize_level must be rejected")
+		assert.Contains(t, strings.ToLower(err.Error()), "anonymize_level",
+			"the rejection must name the offending field")
+
+		// A messy but valid level is normalized (trimmed + lowercased) in the
+		// stored job the API echoes back.
+		job, err := srv.API().Peers.Jobs(peerID).Create(ctx, bundleJob("  Strict  ", testUploadURL))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "a valid anonymize_level must be accepted")
+		bw, err := job.Workload.AsBundleWorkloadResponse()
+		require.NoError(t, err, "job workload must be a bundle")
+		require.NotNil(t, bw.Parameters.AnonymizeLevel)
+		assert.Equal(t, "strict", *bw.Parameters.AnonymizeLevel,
+			"anonymize_level must be normalized to trimmed lowercase")
+		waitForJobTerminal(ctx, t, peerID, job.Id) // let it settle before the next create
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a job is refused while the peer has not opted in (#7153 enforcement)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		job, err := srv.API().Peers.Jobs(peerID).Create(ctx, bundleJob("default", testUploadURL))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "job creation itself is allowed; enforcement is on the client")
+		final := waitForJobTerminal(ctx, t, peerID, job.Id)
+		assert.Equal(t, api.JobResponseStatusFailed, final.Status, "the client must refuse the job")
+		require.NotNil(t, final.FailedReason)
+		assert.Contains(t, *final.FailedReason, refusedReason,
+			"the failure must be the opt-out refusal, not some other error")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("opting in flips the flag and lets the job run (#7153)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NoError(t, cl.Up(ctx, "--allow-remote-jobs"), "re-run up with --allow-remote-jobs")
+		require.NoError(t, cl.WaitConnected(ctx, 90*time.Second), "client must reconnect")
+
+		// The new opt-in must round-trip to management and surface on the API.
+		require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+			p, err := srv.API().Peers.Get(ctx, peerID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return false
+			}
+			allowed := remoteJobsAllowed(p)
+			return allowed != nil && *allowed
+		}, 60*time.Second, 2*time.Second, "remote_jobs_allowed must become true after opt-in")
+
+		// The same job that was refused before must now be accepted for
+		// execution: whatever its outcome, it must NOT be the opt-out refusal.
+		job, err := srv.API().Peers.Jobs(peerID).Create(ctx, bundleJob("default", testUploadURL))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		final := waitForJobTerminal(ctx, t, peerID, job.Id)
+		if final.Status == api.JobResponseStatusFailed && final.FailedReason != nil {
+			assert.NotContains(t, *final.FailedReason, refusedReason,
+				"once opted in, the job must not be refused for opt-out; any failure must be for another reason (e.g. upload)")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// remoteJobsAllowed returns the peer's remote-jobs opt-in flag from the API
+// response (nil if the peer or its local flags are absent).
+func remoteJobsAllowed(p *api.Peer) *bool {
+	if p == nil || p.LocalFlags == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return p.LocalFlags.RemoteJobsAllowed
+}
+
+// bundleJob builds a debug-bundle job request with the given anonymize_level
+// (omitted when empty) and upload_url (omitted when empty).
+func bundleJob(anonymizeLevel, uploadURL string) api.JobRequest {
+	params := api.BundleParameters{
+		Anonymize:    true,
+		LogFileCount: 1,
+	}
+	if anonymizeLevel != "" {
+		params.AnonymizeLevel = &anonymizeLevel
+	}
+	if uploadURL != "" {
+		params.UploadUrl = &uploadURL
+	}
+	var wl api.WorkloadRequest
+	// FromBundleWorkloadRequest cannot fail for a well-formed value.
+	_ = wl.FromBundleWorkloadRequest(api.BundleWorkloadRequest{
+		Type:       api.WorkloadTypeBundle,
+		Parameters: params,
+	})
+	return api.JobRequest{Workload: wl}
+}
+
+// waitForPeer polls the peers API until the client that registered under the
+// given hostname appears and returns its ID. Matching by hostname rather than
+// taking the first list entry keeps the test correct if the account ever holds
+// more than one peer (a shared bootstrap account, or a second client added to
+// the package).
+func waitForPeer(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, hostname string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var peerID string
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		peers, err := srv.API().Peers.List(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, p := range peers {
+			if p.Hostname == hostname {
+				peerID = p.Id
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}, 60*time.Second, 2*time.Second, "the client peer must register with management")
+	return peerID
+}
+
+// waitForJobTerminal polls a job until it leaves the pending state, then returns
+// the final response.
+func waitForJobTerminal(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, peerID, jobID string) *api.JobResponse {
+	t.Helper()
+	var final *api.JobResponse
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		j, err := srv.API().Peers.Jobs(peerID).Get(ctx, jobID)
+		if err != nil || j == nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		if j.Status == api.JobResponseStatusPending {
+			return false
+		}
+		final = j
+		return true
+	}, 120*time.Second, 2*time.Second, "job must reach a terminal state")
+	return final
+}
diff --git a/encryption/testprotos/generate.sh b/encryption/testprotos/generate.sh
index 0ce6ebdea..ffbc481d6 100755
--- a/encryption/testprotos/generate.sh
+++ b/encryption/testprotos/generate.sh
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-protoc -I testprotos/ testprotos/testproto.proto --go_out=.
\ No newline at end of file
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+protoc -I testprotos/ testprotos/testproto.proto --go_out=.
diff --git a/flow/client/client.go b/flow/client/client.go
index 8ad637974..fc07db833 100644
--- a/flow/client/client.go
+++ b/flow/client/client.go
@@ -13,11 +13,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
-	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/grpc"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/flow/proto"
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ func (c *GRPCClient) Close() error {
 func (c *GRPCClient) Send(event *proto.FlowEvent) error {
 	c.mu.Lock()
 	stream := c.stream
-	c.mu.Unlock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock() // stream.Send() is not safe to call concurrently from multiple goroutines
 
 	if stream == nil {
 		return errors.New("stream not initialized")
@@ -148,11 +146,14 @@ func (c *GRPCClient) Receive(ctx context.Context, interval time.Duration, msgHan
 
 		streamStart := time.Now()
 
-		if err := c.receive(stream, msgHandler); err != nil {
+		// receive always returns a non-nil error once the stream breaks;
+		// handleRetryableError decides between reconnecting and exiting
+		// permanently on local context cancellation
+		err = c.receive(stream, msgHandler)
+		if !isContextDone(err) {
 			log.Errorf("receive failed: %v", err)
-			return c.handleRetryableError(err, streamStart, backOff)
 		}
-		return nil
+		return c.handleRetryableError(err, streamStart, backOff)
 	}
 
 	if err := backoff.Retry(operation, backOff); err != nil {
@@ -301,12 +302,11 @@ func defaultBackoff(ctx context.Context, interval time.Duration) backoff.BackOff
 	}, ctx)
 }
 
+// isContextDone reports whether the local context has been canceled or has
+// exceeded its deadline. It deliberately does not inspect gRPC status codes:
+// a server- or proxy-sent codes.Canceled / codes.DeadlineExceeded must not
+// short-circuit our retry loop, since retrying is the correct response when
+// the local context is still alive.
 func isContextDone(err error) bool {
-	if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-		return true
-	}
-	if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok {
-		return s.Code() == codes.Canceled || s.Code() == codes.DeadlineExceeded
-	}
-	return false
+	return errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
 }
diff --git a/flow/proto/flow.pb.go b/flow/proto/flow.pb.go
index 04e6e3792..710024f0e 100644
--- a/flow/proto/flow.pb.go
+++ b/flow/proto/flow.pb.go
@@ -134,9 +134,11 @@ type FlowEvent struct {
 	// When the event occurred
 	Timestamp *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=timestamp,proto3" json:"timestamp,omitempty"`
 	// Public key of the sending peer
-	PublicKey   []byte      `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=public_key,json=publicKey,proto3" json:"public_key,omitempty"`
-	FlowFields  *FlowFields `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=flow_fields,json=flowFields,proto3" json:"flow_fields,omitempty"`
-	IsInitiator bool        `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=isInitiator,proto3" json:"isInitiator,omitempty"`
+	PublicKey   []byte                 `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=public_key,json=publicKey,proto3" json:"public_key,omitempty"`
+	FlowFields  *FlowFields            `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=flow_fields,json=flowFields,proto3" json:"flow_fields,omitempty"`
+	IsInitiator bool                   `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=isInitiator,proto3" json:"isInitiator,omitempty"`
+	WindowStart *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=window_start,json=windowStart,proto3" json:"window_start,omitempty"`
+	WindowEnd   *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=window_end,json=windowEnd,proto3" json:"window_end,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *FlowEvent) Reset() {
@@ -206,6 +208,20 @@ func (x *FlowEvent) GetIsInitiator() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (x *FlowEvent) GetWindowStart() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.WindowStart
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *FlowEvent) GetWindowEnd() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.WindowEnd
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type FlowEventAck struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -284,7 +300,6 @@ type FlowFields struct {
 	// Layer 4 -specific information
 	//
 	// Types that are assignable to ConnectionInfo:
-	//
 	//	*FlowFields_PortInfo
 	//	*FlowFields_IcmpInfo
 	ConnectionInfo isFlowFields_ConnectionInfo `protobuf_oneof:"connection_info"`
@@ -297,6 +312,9 @@ type FlowFields struct {
 	// Resource ID
 	SourceResourceId []byte `protobuf:"bytes,14,opt,name=source_resource_id,json=sourceResourceId,proto3" json:"source_resource_id,omitempty"`
 	DestResourceId   []byte `protobuf:"bytes,15,opt,name=dest_resource_id,json=destResourceId,proto3" json:"dest_resource_id,omitempty"`
+	NumOfStarts      uint64 `protobuf:"varint,16,opt,name=num_of_starts,json=numOfStarts,proto3" json:"num_of_starts,omitempty"`
+	NumOfEnds        uint64 `protobuf:"varint,17,opt,name=num_of_ends,json=numOfEnds,proto3" json:"num_of_ends,omitempty"`
+	NumOfDrops       uint64 `protobuf:"varint,18,opt,name=num_of_drops,json=numOfDrops,proto3" json:"num_of_drops,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *FlowFields) Reset() {
@@ -443,6 +461,27 @@ func (x *FlowFields) GetDestResourceId() []byte {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *FlowFields) GetNumOfStarts() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NumOfStarts
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *FlowFields) GetNumOfEnds() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NumOfEnds
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *FlowFields) GetNumOfDrops() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NumOfDrops
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 type isFlowFields_ConnectionInfo interface {
 	isFlowFields_ConnectionInfo()
 }
@@ -579,7 +618,7 @@ var file_flow_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x0a, 0x0a, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x12, 0x04, 0x66, 0x6c,
 	0x6f, 0x77, 0x1a, 0x1f, 0x67, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f,
 	0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72,
-	0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x22, 0xd4, 0x01, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x46, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x45, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6e,
+	0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x22, 0xce, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x46, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x45, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6e,
 	0x74, 0x12, 0x19, 0x0a, 0x08, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20,
 	0x01, 0x28, 0x0c, 0x52, 0x07, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x49, 0x64, 0x12, 0x38, 0x0a, 0x09,
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@@ -683,17 +736,19 @@ var file_flow_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
 var file_flow_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	7, // 0: flow.FlowEvent.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
 	4, // 1: flow.FlowEvent.flow_fields:type_name -> flow.FlowFields
-	0, // 2: flow.FlowFields.type:type_name -> flow.Type
-	1, // 3: flow.FlowFields.direction:type_name -> flow.Direction
-	5, // 4: flow.FlowFields.port_info:type_name -> flow.PortInfo
-	6, // 5: flow.FlowFields.icmp_info:type_name -> flow.ICMPInfo
-	2, // 6: flow.FlowService.Events:input_type -> flow.FlowEvent
-	3, // 7: flow.FlowService.Events:output_type -> flow.FlowEventAck
-	7, // [7:8] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	6, // [6:7] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	6, // [6:6] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	6, // [6:6] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0, // [0:6] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	7, // 2: flow.FlowEvent.window_start:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	7, // 3: flow.FlowEvent.window_end:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	0, // 4: flow.FlowFields.type:type_name -> flow.Type
+	1, // 5: flow.FlowFields.direction:type_name -> flow.Direction
+	5, // 6: flow.FlowFields.port_info:type_name -> flow.PortInfo
+	6, // 7: flow.FlowFields.icmp_info:type_name -> flow.ICMPInfo
+	2, // 8: flow.FlowService.Events:input_type -> flow.FlowEvent
+	3, // 9: flow.FlowService.Events:output_type -> flow.FlowEventAck
+	9, // [9:10] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	8, // [8:9] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	8, // [8:8] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	8, // [8:8] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:8] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_flow_proto_init() }
diff --git a/flow/proto/flow.proto b/flow/proto/flow.proto
index ff5c50282..1c9e728d2 100644
--- a/flow/proto/flow.proto
+++ b/flow/proto/flow.proto
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ message FlowEvent {
   FlowFields flow_fields = 4;
 
   bool isInitiator = 5;
+
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp window_start = 6;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp window_end = 7;
 }
 
 message FlowEventAck {
@@ -75,6 +78,9 @@ message FlowFields {
   bytes source_resource_id = 14;
   bytes dest_resource_id = 15;
 
+  uint64 num_of_starts = 16;
+  uint64 num_of_ends = 17;
+  uint64 num_of_drops = 18;
 }
 
 // Flow event types
diff --git a/flow/proto/flow_grpc.pb.go b/flow/proto/flow_grpc.pb.go
index b790f86a2..9ae9702a5 100644
--- a/flow/proto/flow_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/flow/proto/flow_grpc.pb.go
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 // Code generated by protoc-gen-go-grpc. DO NOT EDIT.
+// versions:
+// - protoc-gen-go-grpc v1.6.1
+// - protoc             v3.21.9
+// source: flow.proto
 
 package proto
 
@@ -11,15 +15,19 @@ import (
 
 // This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
 // is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
-// Requires gRPC-Go v1.32.0 or later.
-const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7
+// Requires gRPC-Go v1.64.0 or later.
+const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion9
+
+const (
+	FlowService_Events_FullMethodName = "/flow.FlowService/Events"
+)
 
 // FlowServiceClient is the client API for FlowService service.
 //
 // For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
 type FlowServiceClient interface {
 	// Client to receiver streams of events and acknowledgements
-	Events(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (FlowService_EventsClient, error)
+	Events(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.BidiStreamingClient[FlowEvent, FlowEventAck], error)
 }
 
 type flowServiceClient struct {
@@ -30,54 +38,40 @@ func NewFlowServiceClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) FlowServiceClient {
 	return &flowServiceClient{cc}
 }
 
-func (c *flowServiceClient) Events(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (FlowService_EventsClient, error) {
-	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &FlowService_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], "/flow.FlowService/Events", opts...)
+func (c *flowServiceClient) Events(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (grpc.BidiStreamingClient[FlowEvent, FlowEventAck], error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &FlowService_ServiceDesc.Streams[0], FlowService_Events_FullMethodName, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	x := &flowServiceEventsClient{stream}
+	x := &grpc.GenericClientStream[FlowEvent, FlowEventAck]{ClientStream: stream}
 	return x, nil
 }
 
-type FlowService_EventsClient interface {
-	Send(*FlowEvent) error
-	Recv() (*FlowEventAck, error)
-	grpc.ClientStream
-}
-
-type flowServiceEventsClient struct {
-	grpc.ClientStream
-}
-
-func (x *flowServiceEventsClient) Send(m *FlowEvent) error {
-	return x.ClientStream.SendMsg(m)
-}
-
-func (x *flowServiceEventsClient) Recv() (*FlowEventAck, error) {
-	m := new(FlowEventAck)
-	if err := x.ClientStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return m, nil
-}
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type FlowService_EventsClient = grpc.BidiStreamingClient[FlowEvent, FlowEventAck]
 
 // FlowServiceServer is the server API for FlowService service.
 // All implementations must embed UnimplementedFlowServiceServer
-// for forward compatibility
+// for forward compatibility.
 type FlowServiceServer interface {
 	// Client to receiver streams of events and acknowledgements
-	Events(FlowService_EventsServer) error
+	Events(grpc.BidiStreamingServer[FlowEvent, FlowEventAck]) error
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedFlowServiceServer()
 }
 
-// UnimplementedFlowServiceServer must be embedded to have forward compatible implementations.
-type UnimplementedFlowServiceServer struct {
-}
+// UnimplementedFlowServiceServer must be embedded to have
+// forward compatible implementations.
+//
+// NOTE: this should be embedded by value instead of pointer to avoid a nil
+// pointer dereference when methods are called.
+type UnimplementedFlowServiceServer struct{}
 
-func (UnimplementedFlowServiceServer) Events(FlowService_EventsServer) error {
-	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Events not implemented")
+func (UnimplementedFlowServiceServer) Events(grpc.BidiStreamingServer[FlowEvent, FlowEventAck]) error {
+	return status.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method Events not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedFlowServiceServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedFlowServiceServer() {}
+func (UnimplementedFlowServiceServer) testEmbeddedByValue()                     {}
 
 // UnsafeFlowServiceServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
 // Use of this interface is not recommended, as added methods to FlowServiceServer will
@@ -87,34 +81,22 @@ type UnsafeFlowServiceServer interface {
 }
 
 func RegisterFlowServiceServer(s grpc.ServiceRegistrar, srv FlowServiceServer) {
+	// If the following call panics, it indicates UnimplementedFlowServiceServer was
+	// embedded by pointer and is nil.  This will cause panics if an
+	// unimplemented method is ever invoked, so we test this at initialization
+	// time to prevent it from happening at runtime later due to I/O.
+	if t, ok := srv.(interface{ testEmbeddedByValue() }); ok {
+		t.testEmbeddedByValue()
+	}
 	s.RegisterService(&FlowService_ServiceDesc, srv)
 }
 
 func _FlowService_Events_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
-	return srv.(FlowServiceServer).Events(&flowServiceEventsServer{stream})
+	return srv.(FlowServiceServer).Events(&grpc.GenericServerStream[FlowEvent, FlowEventAck]{ServerStream: stream})
 }
 
-type FlowService_EventsServer interface {
-	Send(*FlowEventAck) error
-	Recv() (*FlowEvent, error)
-	grpc.ServerStream
-}
-
-type flowServiceEventsServer struct {
-	grpc.ServerStream
-}
-
-func (x *flowServiceEventsServer) Send(m *FlowEventAck) error {
-	return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)
-}
-
-func (x *flowServiceEventsServer) Recv() (*FlowEvent, error) {
-	m := new(FlowEvent)
-	if err := x.ServerStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return m, nil
-}
+// This type alias is provided for backwards compatibility with existing code that references the prior non-generic stream type by name.
+type FlowService_EventsServer = grpc.BidiStreamingServer[FlowEvent, FlowEventAck]
 
 // FlowService_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for FlowService service.
 // It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
diff --git a/flow/proto/generate.sh b/flow/proto/generate.sh
index 6bbf78e61..a031245fd 100755
--- a/flow/proto/generate.sh
+++ b/flow/proto/generate.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
 if ! which realpath > /dev/null 2>&1
diff --git a/formatter/hook/hook.go b/formatter/hook/hook.go
index f0ee509f8..69758566d 100644
--- a/formatter/hook/hook.go
+++ b/formatter/hook/hook.go
@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ func addFields(entry *logrus.Entry) {
 	if ctxAccountID, ok := entry.Context.Value(context.AccountIDKey).(string); ok {
 		entry.Data[context.AccountIDKey] = ctxAccountID
 	}
+	if ctxUserAgent, ok := entry.Context.Value(context.UserAgentKey).(string); ok {
+		entry.Data[context.UserAgentKey] = ctxUserAgent
+	}
 	if ctxInitiatorID, ok := entry.Context.Value(context.UserIDKey).(string); ok {
 		entry.Data[context.UserIDKey] = ctxInitiatorID
 	}
diff --git a/funding.json b/funding.json
index 6b509a992..34ee9fe46 100644
--- a/funding.json
+++ b/funding.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     "name": "NetBird GmbH",
     "email": "hello@netbird.io",
     "phone": "",
-    "description": "NetBird GmbH is a Berlin-based software company specializing in the development of open-source network security solutions. Network security is utterly complex and expensive, accessible only to companies with multi-million dollar IT budgets. In contrast, there are millions of companies left behind. Our mission is to create an advanced network and cybersecurity platform that is both easy-to-use and affordable for teams of all sizes and budgets. By leveraging the open-source strategy and technological advancements, NetBird aims to set the industry standard for connecting and securing IT infrastructure.",
+    "description": "NetBird GmbH is a Berlin-based software company specializing in the development of open source network security solutions. Network security is utterly complex and expensive, accessible only to companies with multi-million dollar IT budgets. In contrast, there are millions of companies left behind. Our mission is to create an advanced network and cybersecurity platform that is both easy-to-use and affordable for teams of all sizes and budgets. By leveraging the open source strategy and technological advancements, NetBird aims to set the industry standard for connecting and securing IT infrastructure.",
     "webpageUrl": {
       "url": "https://github.com/netbirdio"
     }
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     {
       "guid": "netbird",
       "name": "NetBird",
-      "description": "NetBird is a configuration-free peer-to-peer private network and a centralized access control system combined in a single open-source platform. It makes it easy to create secure WireGuard-based private networks for your organization or home.",
+      "description": "NetBird is a configuration-free peer-to-peer private network and a centralized access control system combined in a single open source platform. It makes it easy to create secure WireGuard-based private networks for your organization or home.",
       "webpageUrl": {
         "url": "https://github.com/netbirdio/netbird"
       },
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
         "guid": "support-yearly",
         "status": "active",
         "name": "Support Open Source Development and Maintenance - Yearly",
-        "description": "This will help us partially cover the yearly cost of maintaining the open-source NetBird project.",
+        "description": "This will help us partially cover the yearly cost of maintaining the open source NetBird project.",
         "amount": 100000,
         "currency": "USD",
         "frequency": "yearly",
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
         "guid": "support-one-time-year",
         "status": "active",
         "name": "Support Open Source Development and Maintenance - One Year",
-        "description": "This will help us partially cover the yearly cost of maintaining the open-source NetBird project.",
+        "description": "This will help us partially cover the yearly cost of maintaining the open source NetBird project.",
         "amount": 100000,
         "currency": "USD",
         "frequency": "one-time",
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
         "guid": "support-one-time-monthly",
         "status": "active",
         "name": "Support Open Source Development and Maintenance - Monthly",
-        "description": "This will help us partially cover the monthly cost of maintaining the open-source NetBird project.",
+        "description": "This will help us partially cover the monthly cost of maintaining the open source NetBird project.",
         "amount": 10000,
         "currency": "USD",
         "frequency": "monthly",
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
         "guid": "support-monthly",
         "status": "active",
         "name": "Support Open Source Development and Maintenance - One Month",
-        "description": "This will help us partially cover the monthly cost of maintaining the open-source NetBird project.",
+        "description": "This will help us partially cover the monthly cost of maintaining the open source NetBird project.",
         "amount": 10000,
         "currency": "USD",
         "frequency": "monthly",
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 3691b5d14..2b4bcd064 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,80 +1,94 @@
 module github.com/netbirdio/netbird
 
-go 1.25.5
+go 1.26.0
+
+// Pin the toolchain to a patch release >= go1.26.2
+// See https://go.dev/issue/77875.
+toolchain go1.26.7
 
 require (
-	cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.4.0
+	cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.5.42
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0
-	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.3.3 // indirect
+	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1
 	github.com/kardianos/service v1.2.3-0.20240613133416-becf2eb62b83
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo v1.16.5
-	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.27.6
+	github.com/onsi/gomega v1.34.1
 	github.com/rs/cors v1.8.0
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.1
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.9
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.10.2
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10
 	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.3.1
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20230704135630-469159ecf7d1
-	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.55.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard v0.0.0-20231211153847-12269c276173
+	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11
-	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1
 )
 
 require (
-	fyne.io/fyne/v2 v2.7.0
-	fyne.io/systray v1.12.1-0.20260116214250-81f8e1a496f9
+	github.com/DeRuina/timberjack v1.4.2
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2
 	github.com/awnumar/memguard v0.23.0
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.38.3
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.1
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/config v1.31.6
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.18.10
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3 v1.87.3
 	github.com/c-robinson/iplib v1.0.3
 	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.21.3
-	github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.15.0
+	github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.19.0
 	github.com/coder/websocket v1.8.14
 	github.com/coreos/go-iptables v0.7.0
-	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.14.1
+	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.18.0
 	github.com/creack/pty v1.1.24
 	github.com/crowdsecurity/crowdsec v1.7.7
 	github.com/crowdsecurity/go-cs-bouncer v0.0.21
-	github.com/dexidp/dex v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000
+	github.com/dexidp/dex v2.13.0+incompatible
 	github.com/dexidp/dex/api/v2 v2.4.0
+	github.com/docker/docker v28.0.1+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0
+	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.9.1
 	github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4 v4.2.0
 	github.com/eko/gocache/store/go_cache/v4 v4.2.2
 	github.com/eko/gocache/store/redis/v4 v4.2.2
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0
 	github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.3.8
-	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.3
-	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.1.0
-	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.0
-	github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0
+	github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 v4.1.4
+	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0
+	github.com/gobwas/ws v1.4.0
+	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0
+	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.2.2
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0
 	github.com/google/gopacket v1.1.19
 	github.com/google/nftables v0.3.0
-	github.com/gopacket/gopacket v1.1.1
+	github.com/gopacket/gopacket v1.4.0
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/v2 v2.0.2-0.20240212192251-757544f21357
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.26.3
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/base62 v0.1.2
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0
-	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.5.5
+	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.10.0
 	github.com/libdns/route53 v1.5.0
-	github.com/libp2p/go-nat v0.2.0
-	github.com/libp2p/go-netroute v0.2.1
+	github.com/libp2p/go-netroute v0.4.0
 	github.com/lrh3321/ipset-go v0.0.0-20250619021614-54a0a98ace81
+	github.com/magefile/mage v1.17.2
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.1
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.59
+	github.com/mdp/qrterminal/v3 v3.2.1
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.72
 	github.com/mitchellh/hashstructure/v2 v2.0.2
+	github.com/moby/moby/api v1.54.1
+	github.com/netbirdio/go-nat v0.0.0-20260821095157-6b2c8c5c74e8
 	github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations v0.0.0-20260416163311-004852ffaf34
 	github.com/netbirdio/signal-dispatcher/dispatcher v0.0.0-20250805121659-6b4ac470ca45
 	github.com/oapi-codegen/runtime v1.1.2
 	github.com/okta/okta-sdk-golang/v2 v2.18.0
+	github.com/ory/dockertest/v4 v4.0.0
 	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang v1.12.0
 	github.com/patrickmn/go-cache v2.1.0+incompatible
 	github.com/petermattis/goid v0.0.0-20250303134427-723919f7f203
@@ -88,13 +102,14 @@ require (
 	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.11.0
 	github.com/pkg/sftp v1.13.9
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
-	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.55.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2
+	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.62.0
 	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.7.3
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.3.0
-	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3 v3.24.4
+	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.25.8
 	github.com/skratchdot/open-golang v0.0.0-20200116055534-eef842397966
 	github.com/songgao/water v0.0.0-20200317203138-2b4b6d7c09d8
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.12.1
 	github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.37.0
 	github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/modules/mysql v0.37.0
 	github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/modules/postgres v0.37.0
@@ -103,6 +118,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/ti-mo/conntrack v0.5.1
 	github.com/ti-mo/netfilter v0.5.2
 	github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack/v5 v5.4.1
+	github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3 v3.0.0-beta.3
 	github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4
 	github.com/zcalusic/sysinfo v1.1.3
 	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc v0.67.0
@@ -110,45 +126,47 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.64.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.43.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.43.0
-	go.uber.org/mock v0.5.2
+	go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0
 	goauthentik.io/api/v3 v3.2023051.3
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b
-	golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20251113184115-a159579294ab
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.52.0
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20260410095643-746e56fc9e2f
+	golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20260816165457-f98cc9b3c733
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.39.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.58.0
 	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.41.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.45.0
 	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0
 	google.golang.org/api v0.276.0
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7
 	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.5.7
 	gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.5.7
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12
 	gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20260219192049-0f2374377e89
+	howett.net/plist v1.0.2-0.20250314012144-ee69052608d9
 )
 
 require (
 	cloud.google.com/go/auth v0.20.0 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8 // indirect
 	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 // indirect
-	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 // indirect
+	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 // indirect
 	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.1 // indirect
+	git.sr.ht/~jackmordaunt/go-toast/v2 v2.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/AppsFlyer/go-sundheit v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161 // indirect
-	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 // indirect
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c // indirect
+	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Masterminds/sprig/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/adrg/xdg v0.5.3 // indirect
 	github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20200514113438-38f4b401e2be // indirect
 	github.com/apapsch/go-jsonmerge/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20230301143203-a9d515a09cc2 // indirect
 	github.com/awnumar/memcall v0.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream v1.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/feature/ec2/imds v1.18.6 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.6 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.6 // indirect
@@ -165,9 +183,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.23.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beevik/etree v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/boombuler/barcode v1.0.1-0.20190219062509-6c824513bacc // indirect
 	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs/pkg v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/platforms v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/dockercfg v0.3.2 // indirect
@@ -175,23 +196,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker v28.0.1+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.8.4 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/fredbi/uri v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/fyne-io/gl-js v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/fyne-io/glfw-js v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/fyne-io/image v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/fyne-io/oksvg v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
-	github.com/go-gl/gl v0.0.0-20231021071112-07e5d0ea2e71 // indirect
-	github.com/go-gl/glfw/v3.3/glfw v0.0.0-20240506104042-037f3cc74f2a // indirect
-	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12 // indirect
+	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.13 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/analysis v0.23.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/errors v0.22.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/jsonpointer v0.21.1 // indirect
@@ -202,47 +213,56 @@ require (
 	github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.23.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-openapi/validate v0.24.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3 // indirect
-	github.com/go-text/render v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-text/typesetting v0.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.16.4 // indirect
+	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/mock v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/btree v1.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.8 // indirect
 	github.com/google/s2a-go v0.1.9 // indirect
 	github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.14 // indirect
 	github.com/googleapis/gax-go/v2 v2.21.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/handlers v1.5.2 // indirect
-	github.com/hack-pad/go-indexeddb v0.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/hack-pad/safejs v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/errwrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/parseutil v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/strutil v0.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-sockaddr v1.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.1-vault-7 // indirect
 	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/huin/goupnp v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20221227161230-091c0ba34f0a // indirect
-	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jackpal/go-nat-pmp v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/jeandeaual/go-locale v0.0.0-20250612000132-0ef82f21eade // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jsummers/gobmp v0.0.0-20230614200233-a9de23ed2e25 // indirect
 	github.com/kelseyhightower/envconfig v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.2.10 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.3 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/koron/go-ssdp v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/fs v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 // indirect
+	github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lib/pq v1.12.3 // indirect
 	github.com/libdns/libdns v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20240513124658-fba389f38bae // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.10 // indirect
 	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattermost/xml-roundtrip-validator v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.32 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.42 // indirect
 	github.com/mdelapenya/tlscert v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.3-0.20250113171957-fbb4dce95f42 // indirect
@@ -251,47 +271,43 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/moby/client v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/userns v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/term v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/nfnt/resize v0.0.0-20180221191011-83c6a9932646 // indirect
-	github.com/nicksnyder/go-i18n/v2 v2.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/nxadm/tail v1.4.11 // indirect
 	github.com/oklog/ulid v1.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2 v2.9.5 // indirect
+	github.com/openbao/openbao/api/v2 v2.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/philhofer/fwd v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pion/dtls/v2 v2.2.10 // indirect
 	github.com/pion/dtls/v3 v3.0.9 // indirect
 	github.com/pion/mdns/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
 	github.com/pion/transport/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
 	github.com/pion/turn/v4 v4.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
-	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20240221224432-82ca36839d55 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/pquerna/otp v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/otlptranslator v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.19.2 // indirect
 	github.com/russellhaering/goxmldsig v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/rymdport/portal v0.4.2 // indirect
-	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.25.8 // indirect
-	github.com/shoenig/go-m1cpu v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ryanuber/go-glob v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/cast v1.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/srwiley/oksvg v0.0.0-20221011165216-be6e8873101c // indirect
-	github.com/srwiley/rasterx v0.0.0-20220730225603-2ab79fcdd4ef // indirect
-	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.15 // indirect
 	github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5 // indirect
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.8 // indirect
+	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	github.com/zeebo/blake3 v0.2.3 // indirect
 	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.17.9 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
@@ -300,28 +316,33 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/image v0.33.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.49.0 // indirect
 	golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401024825-9d38bb4040a9 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260319201613-d00831a3d3e7 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.6.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	rsc.io/qr v0.2.0 // indirect
 )
 
 replace github.com/kardianos/service => github.com/netbirdio/service v0.0.0-20240911161631-f62744f42502
 
 replace github.com/getlantern/systray => github.com/netbirdio/systray v0.0.0-20231030152038-ef1ed2a27949
 
-replace golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard => github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20260107100953-33b7c9d03db0
+replace golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard => github.com/netbirdio/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20260628102922-2834bebf6c1a
 
-replace github.com/cloudflare/circl => github.com/cunicu/circl v0.0.0-20230801113412-fec58fc7b5f6
+replace github.com/cloudflare/circl => codeberg.org/cunicu/circl v0.0.0-20230801113412-fec58fc7b5f6
 
 replace github.com/pion/ice/v4 => github.com/netbirdio/ice/v4 v4.0.0-20250908184934-6202be846b51
 
-replace github.com/libp2p/go-netroute => github.com/netbirdio/go-netroute v0.0.0-20240611143515-f59b0e1d3944
+replace github.com/dexidp/dex => github.com/netbirdio/dex v0.244.1-0.20260716205454-a163de3129e5
 
-replace github.com/dexidp/dex => github.com/netbirdio/dex v0.244.0
+replace github.com/dexidp/dex/api/v2 => github.com/netbirdio/dex/api/v2 v2.0.0-20260512110716-8d70ad8647c1
 
 replace github.com/mailru/easyjson => github.com/netbirdio/easyjson v0.9.0
+
+replace github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3 => github.com/netbirdio/wails/v3 v3.0.0-beta.3.0.20260825085513-5f07a01f7a78
+
+tool go.uber.org/mock/mockgen
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 4f7c7b803..6a9cf29ba 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -5,35 +5,39 @@ cloud.google.com/go/auth/oauth2adapt v0.2.8/go.mod h1:XQ9y31RkqZCcwJWNSx2Xvric3R
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.2.0/go.mod h1:zFmK7XCadkQkj6TtorcaGlCW1hT1fIilQDwofLpJ20k=
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 h1:pDUj4QMoPejqq20dK0Pg2N4yG9zIkYGdBtwLoEkH9Zs=
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0/go.mod h1:E0bWwX5wTnLPedCKqk3pJmVgCBSM6qQI1yTBdEb3C10=
-cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.4.0 h1:LtPtBgFWY/9emfgC4glKLEqS0MJTylzV6+ChRhiZERw=
-cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.4.0/go.mod h1:MPbjH9nxV4l3vEagKVdFNwHOketqgS5/To1VYJplf/M=
-dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1 h1:Ra4+bf83h2ztPIQYNP99R6m+Y7KfnARDfID+a+vLl4s=
-dario.cat/mergo v1.0.1/go.mod h1:uNxQE+84aUszobStD9th8a29P2fMDhsBdgRYvZOxGmk=
+codeberg.org/cunicu/circl v0.0.0-20230801113412-fec58fc7b5f6 h1:b8xUw3004wk+3ipBhu0VU4RtUJsegMIiqjxSK4++lzA=
+codeberg.org/cunicu/circl v0.0.0-20230801113412-fec58fc7b5f6/go.mod h1:+CauBF6R70Jqcyl8N2hC8pAXYbWkGIezuSbuGLtRhnw=
+cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.5.42 h1:fRDsGwCxd7DhDgZI1Pxeo8GtNyq8BESZJ7w2/BGGJtU=
+cunicu.li/go-rosenpass v0.5.42/go.mod h1:YRBeyKOe/gWpSX2kpDUec5p9t0XOLsshTguId5gTGVg=
+dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 h1:85+piFYR1tMbRrLcDwR18y4UKJ3aH1Tbzi24VRW1TK8=
+dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2/go.mod h1:E/hbnu0NxMFBjpMIE34DRGLWqDy0g5FuKDhCb31ngxA=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.1 h1:YpjwWWlNmGIDyXOn8zLzqiD+9TyIlPhGFG96P39uBpw=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.1/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
-fyne.io/fyne/v2 v2.7.0 h1:GvZSpE3X0liU/fqstInVvRsaboIVpIWQ4/sfjDGIGGQ=
-fyne.io/fyne/v2 v2.7.0/go.mod h1:xClVlrhxl7D+LT+BWYmcrW4Nf+dJTvkhnPgji7spAwE=
-fyne.io/systray v1.12.1-0.20260116214250-81f8e1a496f9 h1:829+77I4TaMrcg9B3wf+gHhdSgoCVEgH2czlPXPbfj4=
-fyne.io/systray v1.12.1-0.20260116214250-81f8e1a496f9/go.mod h1:RVwqP9nYMo7h5zViCBHri2FgjXF7H2cub7MAq4NSoLs=
+git.sr.ht/~jackmordaunt/go-toast/v2 v2.0.3 h1:N3IGoHHp9pb6mj1cbXbuaSXV/UMKwmbKLf53nQmtqMA=
+git.sr.ht/~jackmordaunt/go-toast/v2 v2.0.3/go.mod h1:QtOLZGz8olr4qH2vWK0QH0w0O4T9fEIjMuWpKUsH7nc=
 github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24 h1:bvDV9vkmnHYOMsOr4WLk+Vo07yKIzd94sVoIqshQ4bU=
 github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24/go.mod h1:8o94RPi1/7XTJvwPpRSzSUedZrtlirdB3r9Z20bi2f8=
 github.com/AppsFlyer/go-sundheit v0.6.0 h1:d2hBvCjBSb2lUsEWGfPigr4MCOt04sxB+Rppl0yUMSk=
 github.com/AppsFlyer/go-sundheit v0.6.0/go.mod h1:LDdBHD6tQBtmHsdW+i1GwdTt6Wqc0qazf5ZEJVTbTME=
-github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161 h1:L/gRVlceqvL25UVaW/CKtUDjefjrs0SPonmDGUVOYP0=
-github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20230124172434-306776ec8161/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
-github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 h1:mFRzDkZVAjdal+s7s0MwaRv9igoPqLRdzOLzw/8Xvq8=
-github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358/go.mod h1:chxPXzSsl7ZWRAuOIE23GDNzjWuZquvFlgA8xmpunjU=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0 h1:W5quZX/G/csjUnuI8SUYlsHs9M38FC7znL0lIO+DvMg=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.5.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c h1:udKWzYgxTojEKWjV8V+WSxDXJ4NFATAsZjh8iIbsQIg=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20250102033503-faa5f7b0171c/go.mod h1:xomTg63KZ2rFqZQzSB4Vz2SUXa1BpHTVz9L5PTmPC4E=
+github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0 h1:DjFo6YtWzNqNvQdrwEyr/e4nhU3vRiwenz5QX7sFz+A=
+github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0/go.mod h1:NYqdhxd/8aAct/s4qSYZEerdPuH1liG2/X9DiVTbhpk=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0 h1:dRaEfpa2VI55EwlIW72hMRHdWouJeRF7TPYhI+AUQjk=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
+github.com/DeRuina/timberjack v1.4.2 h1:4bKlzhKdsR+2oNkgef9mqb4n11ICow8VK88RfzJPzN8=
+github.com/DeRuina/timberjack v1.4.2/go.mod h1:RLoeQrwrCGIEF8gO5nV5b/gMD0QIy7bzQhBUgpp1EqE=
 github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1 h1:5nUrii3FMTL5diU80unEVvNevw1nH4+ZV4DSLVJLSYI=
 github.com/Masterminds/goutils v1.1.1/go.mod h1:8cTjp+g8YejhMuvIA5y2vz3BpJxksy863GQaJW2MFNU=
-github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0 h1:B8LGeaivUe71a5qox1ICM/JLl0NqZSW5CHyL+hmvYS0=
-github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0/go.mod h1:4V+yj/TJE1HU9XfppCwVMZq3I84lprf4nC11bSS5beM=
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@@ -105,18 +111,22 @@ github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 h1:ZN+IMa753KfX5hd8vVaMixjnqRZ3y8CuJKRKj1x
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@@ -128,14 +138,10 @@ github.com/crowdsecurity/go-cs-bouncer v0.0.21 h1:arPz0VtdVSaz+auOSfHythzkZVLyy1
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@@ -289,8 +296,8 @@ github.com/googleapis/enterprise-certificate-proxy v0.3.14 h1:yh8ncqsbUY4shRD5dA
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@@ -299,22 +306,32 @@ github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/v2 v2.0.2-0.20240212192251-757544f2
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@@ -497,6 +530,8 @@ github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 h1:mye9XuhQ6gvn5h28+VilKrrPoQVanw5PMw/TB0
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@@ -528,16 +563,15 @@ github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.11.0/go.mod h1:ZKAAyp3cgy5Y5Mo4n9AlScrkCZwUy0g
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@@ -581,23 +609,20 @@ github.com/skratchdot/open-golang v0.0.0-20200116055534-eef842397966 h1:JIAuq3EE
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-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 h1:xuMeJ0Sdp5ZMRXx/aWO6RZxdr3beISkG5/G/aIRr3pY=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2/go.mod h1:FRsXN1f5AsAjCGJKqEizvkpNtU+EGNCLh3NxZ/8L+MA=
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@@ -607,9 +632,8 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
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 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4/go.mod h1:sz/lmYIOXD/1dqDmKjjqLyZ2RngseejIcXlSw2iwfAo=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
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+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.12.1/go.mod h1:MDEgiDPPsNp5cuIrHPPCyornHKgEVbtFUmoNlxoYthg=
 github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.37.0 h1:L2Qc0vkTw2EHWQ08djon0D2uw7Z/PtHS/QzZZ5Ra/hg=
 github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.37.0/go.mod h1:QPzbxZhQ6Bclip9igjLFj6z0hs01bU8lrl2dHQmgFGM=
 github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/modules/mysql v0.37.0 h1:LqUos1oR5iuuzorFnSvxsHNdYdCHB/DfI82CuT58wbI=
@@ -624,10 +648,10 @@ github.com/ti-mo/conntrack v0.5.1 h1:opEwkFICnDbQc0BUXl73PHBK0h23jEIFVjXsqvF4GY0
 github.com/ti-mo/conntrack v0.5.1/go.mod h1:T6NCbkMdVU4qEIgwL0njA6lw/iCAbzchlnwm1Sa314o=
 github.com/ti-mo/netfilter v0.5.2 h1:CTjOwFuNNeZ9QPdRXt1MZFLFUf84cKtiQutNauHWd40=
 github.com/ti-mo/netfilter v0.5.2/go.mod h1:Btx3AtFiOVdHReTDmP9AE+hlkOcvIy403u7BXXbWZKo=
-github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.12/go.mod h1:Ho14jnntGE1fpdOqQEEaiKRpvIavV0hSfmBq8nJbHYI=
+github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.6.3 h1:bCSxiTz386UTgyT1i0MSCvdbWjVW+8sG3PjkGsZQt4s=
+github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.6.3/go.mod h1:RSp0LW9oSxFut3KzESt5Voq4GVWyS+PSulT77roAqEA=
 github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.15 h1:VE89k0criAymJ/Os65CSn1IXaol+1wrsFHEB8Ol49K4=
 github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.15/go.mod h1:Dmjwr6tYFIseJw7a3dRLJfsHAMXZ3nEnL/aZY+0IuI4=
-github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.6.1/go.mod h1:1XfjsgE2zo8GVw7POkMbHENHzVg3GzmoZ9fESEdAacY=
 github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.10.0 h1:18njr6LDBk1zuna922MgdjQuJFjrdppsZG60sHGfjso=
 github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.10.0/go.mod h1:BiTKazU708GQTYF4mB+cmlpT2Is1gLk7XVuEeem8LsQ=
 github.com/ugorji/go v1.1.7/go.mod h1:kZn38zHttfInRq0xu/PH0az30d+z6vm202qpg1oXVMw=
@@ -642,12 +666,12 @@ github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0 h1:y09buUbR+b5aycVFQs/g70pqKVZNBmxwAh
 github.com/vmihailenco/tagparser/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:Wri+At7QHww0WTrCBeu4J6bNtoV6mEfg5OIWRZA9qds=
 github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5 h1:J3VJGi1gvo0JwZ/P1/Yc/8p63SoW98B5dHkYDmpgvvU=
 github.com/wlynxg/anet v0.0.5/go.mod h1:eay5PRQr7fIVAMbTbchTnO9gG65Hg/uYGdc7mguHxoA=
+github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 h1:qLwI1I70+NjRFUR3zs1JPUCgaCXSh3SW62uAKT1mSBM=
+github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4/go.mod h1:14CWIYCyZA/cWjXOioeEpHeN/83MdbZDRQHoFcYsOfg=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.1.27/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.3.5/go.mod h1:mwnBkeHKe2W/ZEtQ+71ViKU8L12m81fl3OWwC1Zlc8k=
 github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.4.13/go.mod h1:6yULJ656Px+3vBD8DxQVa3kxgyrAnzto9xy5taEt/CY=
-github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.8 h1:iERMLn0/QJeHFhxSt3p6PeN9mGnvIKSpG9YYorDMnic=
-github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.8/go.mod h1:uzxRWxtg69N339t3louHJ7+O03ezfj6PlliRlaOzY1E=
 github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4 h1:zFUKzehAFReQwLys1b/iSMl+JQGSCSjtVqQn9bBrPo0=
 github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4/go.mod h1:SBZ9tNy3G9/m5Oi98Zks0QjeHVDvuK0qfxQmPyzfmi0=
 github.com/zcalusic/sysinfo v1.1.3 h1:u/AVENkuoikKuIZ4sUEJ6iibpmQP6YpGD8SSMCrqAF0=
@@ -686,14 +710,17 @@ go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.0.0 h1:T0TX0tmXU8a3CbNXzEKGeU5mIVOdf0oykP+u2lI
 go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.0.0/go.mod h1:Sy6pihPLfYHkr3NkUbEhGHFhINUSI/v80hjKIs5JXpM=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0 h1:2K3zAYmnTNqV73imy9J1T3WC+gmCePx2hEGkimedGto=
 go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0/go.mod h1:CoHD4mav9JJNrW/WLlf7HGZPjdw8EucARQHekz1X6bE=
-go.uber.org/mock v0.5.2 h1:LbtPTcP8A5k9WPXj54PPPbjcI4Y6lhyOZXn+VS7wNko=
-go.uber.org/mock v0.5.2/go.mod h1:wLlUxC2vVTPTaE3UD51E0BGOAElKrILxhVSDYQLld5o=
+go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0 h1:hyF9dfmbgIX5EfOdasqLsWD6xqpNZlXblLB/Dbnwv3Y=
+go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0/go.mod h1:KiVJ4BqZJaMj4svdfmHM0AUx4NJYO8ZNpPnZn1Z+BBU=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 h1:blXXJkSxSSfBVBlC76pxqeO+LN3aDfLQo+309xJstO0=
 go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0/go.mod h1:20+QtiLqy0Nd6FdQB9TLXag12DsQkrbs3htMFfDN80Y=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 h1:aJMhYGrd5QSmlpLMr2MftRKl7t8J8PTZPA732ud/XR8=
 go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0/go.mod h1:GB2qFLM7cTU87MWRP2mPIjqfIDnGu+VIO4V/SdhGo2E=
 go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3 h1:6gvOSjQoTB3vt1l+CU+tSyi/HOjfOjRLJ4YwYZGwRO0=
 go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.3/go.mod h1:zSxWcmIDjOzPXpjlTTbAsKokqkDNAVtZO0WOMiT90s8=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4/go.mod h1:DhzuOOF2ATzADvBadXxruRBLzYTpT36CKvDb3+aBEFg=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5 h1:N6y/pJk8buWs9NY5ERU2HSMfm+IuD/OtfdAnq6kESPw=
+go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.5/go.mod h1:HVTZu1O7/Vkt2N+BFy8Zza+lnLsABggaTM2ZpNIGuKg=
 goauthentik.io/api/v3 v3.2023051.3 h1:NebAhD/TeTWNo/9X3/Uj+rM5fG1HaiLOlKTNLQv9Qq4=
 goauthentik.io/api/v3 v3.2023051.3/go.mod h1:nYECml4jGbp/541hj8GcylKQG1gVBsKppHy4+7G8u4U=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
@@ -707,15 +734,13 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.18.0/go.mod h1:R0j02AL6hcrfOiy9T4ZYp/rcWeMxM3L6QYxlOuEG1m
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.19.0/go.mod h1:Iy9bg/ha4yyC70EfRS8jz+B6ybOBKMaSxLj6P6oBDfU=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.23.0/go.mod h1:CKFgDieR+mRhux2Lsu27y0fO304Db0wZe70UKqHu0v8=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.31.0/go.mod h1:kDsLvtWBEx7MV9tJOj9bnXsPbxwJQ6csT/x4KIN4Ssk=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0 h1:+Ng2ULVvLHnJ/ZFEq4KdcDd/cfjrrjjNSXNzxg0Y4U4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0/go.mod h1:ErX4dUh2UM+CFYiXZRTcMpEcN8b/1gxEuv3nODoYtCA=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b h1:M2rDM6z3Fhozi9O7NWsxAkg/yqS/lQJ6PmkyIV3YP+o=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250620022241-b7579e27df2b/go.mod h1:3//PLf8L/X+8b4vuAfHzxeRUl04Adcb341+IGKfnqS8=
-golang.org/x/image v0.33.0 h1:LXRZRnv1+zGd5XBUVRFmYEphyyKJjQjCRiOuAP3sZfQ=
-golang.org/x/image v0.33.0/go.mod h1:DD3OsTYT9chzuzTQt+zMcOlBHgfoKQb1gry8p76Y1sc=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.55.0 h1:+KWHjbgOaAQ66dh/YlkZKHlz9ZUlq61AFirAR9ntP8M=
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 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20200302205851-738671d3881b/go.mod h1:3xt1FjdF8hUf6vQPIChWIBhFzV8gjjsPE/fR3IyQdNY=
-golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20251113184115-a159579294ab h1:Iqyc+2zr7aGyLuEadIm0KRJP0Wwt+fhlXLa51Fxf1+Q=
-golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20251113184115-a159579294ab/go.mod h1:Eq3Nh/5pFSWug2ohiudJ1iyU59SO78QFuh4qTTN++I0=
+golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20260816165457-f98cc9b3c733 h1:XKMObIaAElmkdO+4SQh1iCfzwciZHJi1OblnX9BED9k=
+golang.org/x/mobile v0.0.0-20260816165457-f98cc9b3c733/go.mod h1:jMwjxoDSx9jqhNaZqPnr6nnKzb7cs+Dy1Czk7wdX+R8=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.1.1-0.20191105210325-c90efee705ee/go.mod h1:QqPTAvyqsEbceGzBzNggFXnrqF1CaUcvgkdR5Ot7KZg=
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 golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
@@ -725,8 +750,8 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.12.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 h1:tHFzIWbBifEmbwtGz65eaWyGiGZatSrT9prnU8DbVL8=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0/go.mod h1:swjeQEj+6r7fODbD2cqrnje9PnziFuw4bmLbBZFrQ5w=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.39.0 h1:UF5zwQdCRRUpHfyPwr7d4UrGiVeldIsogtzWVnczL74=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.39.0/go.mod h1:bvIbwjQ0HUFFf5AKukeeYQG4ZBUG9yxQbR9aEweIwYY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180906233101-161cd47e91fd/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190603091049-60506f45cf65/go.mod h1:HSz+uSET+XFnRR8LxR5pz3Of3rY3CfYBVs4xY44aLks=
@@ -745,8 +770,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.15.0/go.mod h1:idbUs1IY1+zTqbi8yxTbhexhEEk5ur9LInksu6HrEpk=
 golang.org/x/net v0.20.0/go.mod h1:z8BVo6PvndSri0LbOE3hAn0apkU+1YvI6E70E9jsnvY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.21.0/go.mod h1:bIjVDfnllIU7BJ2DNgfnXvpSvtn8VRwhlsaeUTyUS44=
 golang.org/x/net v0.25.0/go.mod h1:JkAGAh7GEvH74S6FOH42FLoXpXbE/aqXSrIQjXgsiwM=
-golang.org/x/net v0.52.0 h1:He/TN1l0e4mmR3QqHMT2Xab3Aj3L9qjbhRm78/6jrW0=
-golang.org/x/net v0.52.0/go.mod h1:R1MAz7uMZxVMualyPXb+VaqGSa3LIaUqk0eEt3w36Sw=
+golang.org/x/net v0.58.0 h1:ynWG7rqYi4ccpTEuPZ2QGWHktVEM9DMCj9yzDE0Q7To=
+golang.org/x/net v0.58.0/go.mod h1:YwCddHnFlT7eLQqVprV19OnhLGtc5xOKgE0RyqgfWAU=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.8.0/go.mod h1:yr7u4HXZRm1R1kBWqr/xKNqewf0plRYoB7sla+BCIXE=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0 h1:peZ/1z27fi9hUOFCAZaHyrpWG5lwe0RJEEEeH0ThlIs=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0/go.mod h1:YDBUJMTkDnJS+A4BP4eZBjCqtokkg1hODuPjwiGPO7Q=
@@ -761,8 +786,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 h1:e0PTpb7pjO8GAtTs2dQ6jYa5BWYlMuX047Dco/pItO4=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0 h1:SZjpbeLmrCk4xhRSZFNZW5gFUeCeFgjekvI/+gfScek=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0/go.mod h1:9xrNwdLfx4jkKbNva9FpL6vEN7evnE43NNNJQ2LF3+0=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180909124046-d0be0721c37e/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -787,6 +812,7 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220908164124-27713097b956/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBc
 golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.2.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.5.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.7.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.8.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
@@ -794,11 +820,10 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.11.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.12.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.16.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.17.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.19.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.20.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.28.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 h1:omrd2nAlyT5ESRdCLYdm3+fMfNFE/+Rf4bDIQImRJeo=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
 golang.org/x/telemetry v0.0.0-20240228155512-f48c80bd79b2/go.mod h1:TeRTkGYfJXctD9OcfyVLyj2J3IxLnKwHJR8f4D8a3YE=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -811,8 +836,8 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.16.0/go.mod h1:yn7UURbUtPyrVJPGPq404EukNFxcm/foM+bV/bfcDsY=
 golang.org/x/term v0.17.0/go.mod h1:lLRBjIVuehSbZlaOtGMbcMncT+aqLLLmKrsjNrUguwk=
 golang.org/x/term v0.20.0/go.mod h1:8UkIAJTvZgivsXaD6/pH6U9ecQzZ45awqEOzuCvwpFY=
 golang.org/x/term v0.27.0/go.mod h1:iMsnZpn0cago0GOrHO2+Y7u7JPn5AylBrcoWkElMTSM=
-golang.org/x/term v0.41.0 h1:QCgPso/Q3RTJx2Th4bDLqML4W6iJiaXFq2/ftQF13YU=
-golang.org/x/term v0.41.0/go.mod h1:3pfBgksrReYfZ5lvYM0kSO0LIkAl4Yl2bXOkKP7Ec2A=
+golang.org/x/term v0.45.0 h1:NwWyBmoJCbfTHpxrWoZ9C6/VxOf7ic219I8xZZFdrf0=
+golang.org/x/term v0.45.0/go.mod h1:9aqxs0blBcrm/n0L9QW0aRVD+ktan8ssZromtqJC43w=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
@@ -824,8 +849,8 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
 golang.org/x/text v0.14.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.15.0/go.mod h1:18ZOQIKpY8NJVqYksKHtTdi31H5itFRjB5/qKTNYzSU=
 golang.org/x/text v0.21.0/go.mod h1:4IBbMaMmOPCJ8SecivzSH54+73PCFmPWxNTLm+vZkEQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 h1:JOVx6vVDFokkpaq1AEptVzLTpDe9KGpj5tR4/X+ybL8=
-golang.org/x/text v0.35.0/go.mod h1:khi/HExzZJ2pGnjenulevKNX1W67CUy0AsXcNubPGCA=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0 h1:vz/seA0lnX87Othu2f/0L24RcgrXD9/YFTSuGjj3rH8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.41.0/go.mod h1:jvf1O8ajNzZqhSrQBPbutR/EB83Cc0CFrezNQIwbb5M=
 golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 h1:bbrp8t3bGUeFOx08pvsMYRTCVSMk89u4tKbNOZbp88U=
 golang.org/x/time v0.15.0/go.mod h1:Y4YMaQmXwGQZoFaVFk4YpCt4FLQMYKZe9oeV/f4MSno=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
@@ -839,16 +864,16 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.1.12/go.mod h1:hNGJHUnrk76NpqgfD5Aqm5Crs+Hm0VOH/i9J2+nxYbc
 golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.13.0/go.mod h1:HvlwmtVNQAhOuCjW7xxvovg8wbNq7LwfXh/k7wXUl58=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d/go.mod h1:aiJjzUbINMkxbQROHiO6hDPo2LHcIPhhQsa9DLh0yGk=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 h1:uNgphsn75Tdz5Ji2q36v/nsFSfR/9BRFvqhGBaJGd5k=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0/go.mod h1:Ma6lCIwGZvHK6XtgbswSoWroEkhugApmsXyrUmBhfr0=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.49.0 h1:3NI7VXzL9+1WZD52Dx2ttoPwD5DWrFGpl9mFZDlmisI=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.49.0/go.mod h1:SJNXV9DBKT0UbdttsQjbfJlAE/q+y36++zo3uL3N0Oo=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2 h1:B82qJJgjvYKsXS9jeunTOisW56dUokqW/FOteYJJ/yg=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wintun v0.0.0-20230126152724-0fa3db229ce2/go.mod h1:deeaetjYA+DHMHg+sMSMI58GrEteJUUzzw7en6TJQcI=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6 h1:CawjfCvYQH2OU3/TnxLx97WDSUDRABfT18pCOYwc2GE=
-golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20230429144221-925a1e7659e6/go.mod h1:3rxYc4HtVcSG9gVaTs2GEBdehh+sYPOwKtyUWEOTb80=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10 h1:3GDAcqdIg1ozBNLgPy4SLT84nfcBjr6rhGtXYtrkWLU=
+golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl v0.0.0-20241231184526-a9ab2273dd10/go.mod h1:T97yPqesLiNrOYxkwmhMI0ZIlJDm+p0PMR8eRVeR5tQ=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3 h1:On6j2Rpn3OEMXqBq00QEDC7bWSZrPIHKIus8eIuExIE=
 golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows v0.5.3/go.mod h1:9TEe8TJmtwyQebdFwAkEWOPr3prrtqm+REGFifP60hI=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0 h1:VbpOemQlsSMrYmn7T2OUvQ4dqxQXU+ouZFQsZOx50z4=
@@ -885,8 +910,6 @@ gopkg.in/go-playground/assert.v1 v1.2.1/go.mod h1:9RXL0bg/zibRAgZUYszZSwO/z8Y/a8
 gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v9 v9.29.1/go.mod h1:+c9/zcJMFNgbLvly1L1V+PpxWdVbfP1avr/N00E2vyQ=
 gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0 h1:Dgnx+6+nfE+IfzjUEISNeydPJh9AXNNsWbGP9KzCsOA=
 gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0/go.mod h1:pNLf8WUiyNEtQjuu5G5vTm06TEv9tsIgeAvK8hOrP4k=
-gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 h1:bBRl1b0OH9s/DuPhuXpNl+VtCaJXFZ5/uEFST95x9zc=
-gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:YD8tP3GAjkrDg1eZH7EGmyESg/lsYskCTPBJVb9jqSc=
 gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.6.0 h1:NGk74WTnPKBNUhNzQX7PYcTLUjoq7mzKk2OKbvwk2iI=
 gopkg.in/square/go-jose.v2 v2.6.0/go.mod h1:M9dMgbHiYLoDGQrXy7OpJDJWiKiU//h+vD76mk0e1AI=
 gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7 h1:uRGJdciOHaEIrze2W8Q3AKkepLTh2hOroT7a+7czfdQ=
@@ -909,7 +932,13 @@ gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.5.7/go.mod h1:U+J8craQU6Fzkcvu8oLeAQmi50TkwPEhHDEjQZXDa
 gorm.io/gorm v1.25.7/go.mod h1:hbnx/Oo0ChWMn1BIhpy1oYozzpM15i4YPuHDmfYtwg8=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12 h1:I0u8i2hWQItBq1WfE0o2+WuL9+8L21K9e2HHSTE/0f8=
 gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12/go.mod h1:xh7N7RHfYlNc5EmcI/El95gXusucDrQnHXe0+CgWcLQ=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1 h1:EENdUnS3pdur5nybKYIh2Vfgc8IUNBjxDPSjtiJcOzU=
-gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1/go.mod h1:isy3WKz7GK6uNw/sbHzfKBLvlvXwUyV06n6brMxxopU=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2 h1:7koQfIKdy+I8UTetycgUqXWSDwpgv193Ka+qRsmBY8Q=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.2/go.mod h1:LtdLGcnqToBH83WByAAi/wiwSFCArdFIUV/xxN4pcjA=
 gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20260219192049-0f2374377e89 h1:mGJaeA61P8dEHTqdvAgc70ZIV3QoUoJcXCRyyjO26OA=
 gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20260219192049-0f2374377e89/go.mod h1:QkHjoMIBaYtpVufgwv3keYAbln78mBoCuShZrPrer1Q=
+howett.net/plist v1.0.2-0.20250314012144-ee69052608d9 h1:eeH1AIcPvSc0Z25ThsYF+Xoqbn0CI/YnXVYoTLFdGQw=
+howett.net/plist v1.0.2-0.20250314012144-ee69052608d9/go.mod h1:fyFX5Hj5tP1Mpk8obqA9MZgXT416Q5711SDT7dQLTLk=
+pgregory.net/rapid v1.2.0 h1:keKAYRcjm+e1F0oAuU5F5+YPAWcyxNNRK2wud503Gnk=
+pgregory.net/rapid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:PY5XlDGj0+V1FCq0o192FdRhpKHGTRIWBgqjDBTrq04=
+rsc.io/qr v0.2.0 h1:6vBLea5/NRMVTz8V66gipeLycZMl/+UlFmk8DvqQ6WY=
+rsc.io/qr v0.2.0/go.mod h1:IF+uZjkb9fqyeF/4tlBoynqmQxUoPfWEKh921coOuXs=
diff --git a/idp/dex/config.go b/idp/dex/config.go
index 7f5300f14..00b5ce745 100644
--- a/idp/dex/config.go
+++ b/idp/dex/config.go
@@ -51,6 +51,70 @@ type YAMLConfig struct {
 	// StaticPasswords cause the server use this list of passwords rather than
 	// querying the storage.
 	StaticPasswords []Password `yaml:"staticPasswords" json:"staticPasswords"`
+
+	// Sessions holds authentication session configuration.
+	// Requires DEX_SESSIONS_ENABLED=true feature flag.
+	Sessions *Sessions `yaml:"sessions" json:"sessions"`
+
+	// MFA holds multi-factor authentication configuration.
+	MFA MFAConfig `yaml:"mfa" json:"mfa"`
+}
+
+type Sessions struct {
+	// CookieName is the name of the session cookie. Defaults to "dex_session".
+	CookieName string `yaml:"cookieName" json:"cookieName"`
+	// AbsoluteLifetime is the maximum session lifetime from creation. Defaults to "24h".
+	AbsoluteLifetime string `yaml:"absoluteLifetime" json:"absoluteLifetime"`
+	// ValidIfNotUsedFor is the idle timeout. Defaults to "1h".
+	ValidIfNotUsedFor string `yaml:"validIfNotUsedFor" json:"validIfNotUsedFor"`
+	// RememberMeCheckedByDefault controls the default state of the "remember me" checkbox.
+	RememberMeCheckedByDefault *bool `yaml:"rememberMeCheckedByDefault" json:"rememberMeCheckedByDefault"`
+	// CookieEncryptionKey is the AES key for encrypting session cookies.
+	// Must be 16, 24, or 32 bytes for AES-128, AES-192, or AES-256.
+	// If empty, cookies are not encrypted.
+	CookieEncryptionKey string `yaml:"cookieEncryptionKey" json:"cookieEncryptionKey"`
+	// SSOSharedWithDefault is the default SSO sharing policy for clients without explicit ssoSharedWith.
+	// "all" = share with all clients, "none" = share with no one (default: "none").
+	SSOSharedWithDefault string `yaml:"ssoSharedWithDefault" json:"ssoSharedWithDefault"`
+}
+
+type MFAConfig struct {
+	Authenticators []MFAAuthenticator `yaml:"authenticators" json:"authenticators"`
+}
+
+type MFAAuthenticator struct {
+	ID     string                 `yaml:"id" json:"id"`
+	Type   string                 `yaml:"type" json:"type"`
+	Config map[string]interface{} `yaml:"config" json:"config"`
+
+	ConnectorTypes []string `yaml:"connectorTypes" json:"connectorTypes"`
+}
+
+type TOTPConfig struct {
+	Issuer string `yaml:"issuer" json:"issuer"`
+}
+
+// WebAuthnConfig holds configuration for a WebAuthn authenticator.
+type WebAuthnConfig struct {
+	// RPDisplayName is the human-readable relying party name shown in the browser
+	// dialog during key registration and authentication (e.g., "My Company SSO").
+	RPDisplayName string `yaml:"rpDisplayName" json:"rpDisplayName"`
+	// RPID is the relying party identifier — must match the domain in the browser
+	// address bar. If empty, derived from the issuer URL hostname.
+	// Example: "auth.example.com"
+	RPID string `yaml:"rpID" json:"rpID"`
+	// RPOrigins is the list of allowed origins for WebAuthn ceremonies.
+	// If empty, derived from the issuer URL (scheme + host).
+	// Example: ["https://auth.example.com"]
+	RPOrigins []string `yaml:"rpOrigins" json:"rpOrigins"`
+	// AttestationPreference controls what attestation data the authenticator should provide:
+	//   "none"     — don't request attestation (simpler, more private)
+	//   "indirect" — authenticator may anonymize attestation (default)
+	//   "direct"   — request full attestation (for enterprise key model verification)
+	AttestationPreference string `yaml:"attestationPreference" json:"attestationPreference"`
+	// Timeout is the duration allowed for the browser WebAuthn ceremony
+	// (registration or login). Defaults to "60s".
+	Timeout string `yaml:"timeout" json:"timeout"`
 }
 
 // Web is the config format for the HTTP server.
@@ -116,7 +180,6 @@ type Storage struct {
 	Config map[string]interface{} `yaml:"config" json:"config"`
 }
 
-// Password represents a static user configuration
 type Password storage.Password
 
 func (p *Password) UnmarshalYAML(node *yaml.Node) error {
@@ -193,7 +256,7 @@ func (c *Connector) ToStorageConnector() (storage.Connector, error) {
 // are stored with types that Dex can open.
 func mapConnectorToDex(connType string, config map[string]interface{}) (string, map[string]interface{}) {
 	switch connType {
-	case "oidc", "zitadel", "entra", "okta", "pocketid", "authentik", "keycloak":
+	case "oidc", "zitadel", "entra", "okta", "pocketid", "authentik", "keycloak", "adfs":
 		return "oidc", applyOIDCDefaults(connType, config)
 	default:
 		return connType, config
@@ -218,6 +281,8 @@ func applyOIDCDefaults(connType string, config map[string]interface{}) map[strin
 		setDefault(augmented, "claimMapping", map[string]string{"email": "preferred_username"})
 	case "okta", "pocketid":
 		augmented["scopes"] = []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups"}
+	case "adfs":
+		augmented["scopes"] = []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "allatclaims"}
 	}
 
 	return augmented
@@ -243,7 +308,7 @@ func (s *Storage) OpenStorage(logger *slog.Logger) (storage.Storage, error) {
 		if file == "" {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("sqlite3 storage requires 'file' config")
 		}
-		return (&sql.SQLite3{File: file}).Open(logger)
+		return newSQLite3(file).Open(logger)
 	case "postgres":
 		dsn, _ := s.Config["dsn"].(string)
 		if dsn == "" {
@@ -427,9 +492,98 @@ func (c *YAMLConfig) Validate() error {
 	if !c.EnablePasswordDB && len(c.StaticPasswords) != 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot specify static passwords without enabling password db")
 	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
+func buildTotpConfig(auth MFAAuthenticator) (*server.TOTPProvider, error) {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(auth.Config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal TOTP config id: %s - %w", auth.ID, err)
+	}
+
+	var cfg TOTPConfig
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse TOTP config id: %s - %w", auth.ID, err)
+	}
+
+	return server.NewTOTPProvider(cfg.Issuer, auth.ConnectorTypes), nil
+}
+
+func buildWebAuthnConfig(auth MFAAuthenticator, issuerURL string) (*server.WebAuthnProvider, error) {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(auth.Config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal WebAuthn config id: %s - %w", auth.ID, err)
+	}
+
+	var cfg WebAuthnConfig
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse WebAuthn config id: %s - %w", auth.ID, err)
+	}
+
+	provider, err := server.NewWebAuthnProvider(cfg.RPDisplayName, cfg.RPID, cfg.RPOrigins,
+		cfg.AttestationPreference, cfg.Timeout, issuerURL, auth.ConnectorTypes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create WebAuthn provider id: %s - err: %w", auth.ID, err)
+	}
+
+	return provider, nil
+}
+
+func buildMFAProviders(authenticators []MFAAuthenticator, issuerURL string, logger *slog.Logger) map[string]server.MFAProvider {
+	if len(authenticators) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	providers := make(map[string]server.MFAProvider, len(authenticators))
+	for _, auth := range authenticators {
+		switch auth.Type {
+		case "TOTP":
+			provider, err := buildTotpConfig(auth)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Error("failed to parse TOTP config", "id", auth.ID, "err", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			providers[auth.ID] = provider
+			logger.Info("MFA authenticator configured", "id", auth.ID, "type", auth.Type)
+		case "WebAuthn":
+			provider, err := buildWebAuthnConfig(auth, issuerURL)
+			if err != nil {
+				logger.Error("failed to parse WebAuthn config", "id", auth.ID, "err", err)
+				continue
+			}
+			providers[auth.ID] = provider
+			logger.Info("MFA authenticator configured", "id", auth.ID, "type", auth.Type)
+		default:
+			logger.Error("unknown MFA authenticator type, skipping", "id", auth.ID, "type", auth.Type)
+		}
+	}
+	return providers
+}
+
+func buildSessionsConfig(sessions *Sessions) *server.SessionConfig {
+	if sessions == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if sessions.RememberMeCheckedByDefault == nil {
+		defaultRememberMeCheckedByDefault := false
+		sessions.RememberMeCheckedByDefault = &defaultRememberMeCheckedByDefault
+	}
+
+	absoluteLifetime, _ := parseDuration(sessions.AbsoluteLifetime)
+	validIfNotUsedFor, _ := parseDuration(sessions.ValidIfNotUsedFor)
+
+	return &server.SessionConfig{
+		CookieEncryptionKey:        []byte(sessions.CookieEncryptionKey),
+		CookieName:                 sessions.CookieName,
+		AbsoluteLifetime:           absoluteLifetime,
+		ValidIfNotUsedFor:          validIfNotUsedFor,
+		RememberMeCheckedByDefault: *sessions.RememberMeCheckedByDefault,
+		SSOSharedWithDefault:       sessions.SSOSharedWithDefault,
+	}
+}
+
 // ToServerConfig converts YAMLConfig to dex server.Config
 func (c *YAMLConfig) ToServerConfig(stor storage.Storage, logger *slog.Logger) server.Config {
 	cfg := server.Config{
@@ -446,6 +600,8 @@ func (c *YAMLConfig) ToServerConfig(stor storage.Storage, logger *slog.Logger) s
 			Dir:     c.Frontend.Dir,
 			Extra:   c.Frontend.Extra,
 		},
+		SessionConfig: buildSessionsConfig(c.Sessions),
+		MFAProviders:  buildMFAProviders(c.MFA.Authenticators, c.Issuer, logger),
 	}
 
 	// Use embedded NetBird-styled templates if no custom dir specified
@@ -457,12 +613,11 @@ func (c *YAMLConfig) ToServerConfig(stor storage.Storage, logger *slog.Logger) s
 		cfg.SupportedResponseTypes = c.OAuth2.ResponseTypes
 	}
 
-	// Apply expiry settings
-	if c.Expiry.SigningKeys != "" {
-		if d, err := parseDuration(c.Expiry.SigningKeys); err == nil {
-			cfg.RotateKeysAfter = d
-		}
+	if len(c.OAuth2.GrantTypes) > 0 {
+		cfg.AllowedGrantTypes = c.OAuth2.GrantTypes
 	}
+
+	// Apply expiry settings
 	if c.Expiry.IDTokens != "" {
 		if d, err := parseDuration(c.Expiry.IDTokens); err == nil {
 			cfg.IDTokensValidFor = d
diff --git a/idp/dex/connector.go b/idp/dex/connector.go
index ba2bb1f00..fb20fdcc3 100644
--- a/idp/dex/connector.go
+++ b/idp/dex/connector.go
@@ -89,21 +89,33 @@ func (p *Provider) ListConnectors(ctx context.Context) ([]*ConnectorConfig, erro
 }
 
 // UpdateConnector updates an existing connector in Dex storage.
-// It merges incoming updates with existing values to prevent data loss on partial updates.
+// It overlays user-mutable config fields (issuer, clientID, clientSecret,
+// redirectURI) onto the stored connector config, and updates the connector name
+// when cfg.Name is set. Empty fields on cfg leave stored values unchanged, so
+// partial updates preserve create-time defaults such as scopes, claimMapping,
+// and userIDKey.
 func (p *Provider) UpdateConnector(ctx context.Context, cfg *ConnectorConfig) error {
 	if err := p.storage.UpdateConnector(ctx, cfg.ID, func(old storage.Connector) (storage.Connector, error) {
-		oldCfg, err := p.parseStorageConnector(old)
-		if err != nil {
-			return storage.Connector{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse existing connector: %w", err)
+		if cfg.Type != "" && cfg.Type != inferIdentityProviderType(old.Type, cfg.ID, nil) {
+			return storage.Connector{}, errors.New("connector type change not allowed")
 		}
 
-		mergeConnectorConfig(cfg, oldCfg)
-
-		storageConn, err := p.buildStorageConnector(cfg)
+		configData, err := overlayConnectorConfig(old.Config, cfg)
 		if err != nil {
-			return storage.Connector{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to build connector: %w", err)
+			return storage.Connector{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to overlay connector config: %w", err)
 		}
-		return storageConn, nil
+
+		name := cfg.Name
+		if name == "" {
+			name = old.Name
+		}
+
+		return storage.Connector{
+			ID:     cfg.ID,
+			Type:   old.Type,
+			Name:   name,
+			Config: configData,
+		}, nil
 	}); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update connector: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -112,23 +124,27 @@ func (p *Provider) UpdateConnector(ctx context.Context, cfg *ConnectorConfig) er
 	return nil
 }
 
-// mergeConnectorConfig preserves existing values for empty fields in the update.
-func mergeConnectorConfig(cfg, oldCfg *ConnectorConfig) {
-	if cfg.ClientSecret == "" {
-		cfg.ClientSecret = oldCfg.ClientSecret
+// overlayConnectorConfig writes only the user-mutable fields onto the existing
+// stored config, preserving every other field (scopes, claimMapping, userIDKey,
+// insecure flags, etc.). Empty fields on cfg leave the existing value alone.
+func overlayConnectorConfig(oldConfig []byte, cfg *ConnectorConfig) ([]byte, error) {
+	var m map[string]any
+	if err := decodeConnectorConfig(oldConfig, &m); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	if cfg.RedirectURI == "" {
-		cfg.RedirectURI = oldCfg.RedirectURI
+	if cfg.Issuer != "" {
+		m["issuer"] = cfg.Issuer
 	}
-	if cfg.Issuer == "" && cfg.Type == oldCfg.Type {
-		cfg.Issuer = oldCfg.Issuer
+	if cfg.ClientID != "" {
+		m["clientID"] = cfg.ClientID
 	}
-	if cfg.ClientID == "" {
-		cfg.ClientID = oldCfg.ClientID
+	if cfg.ClientSecret != "" {
+		m["clientSecret"] = cfg.ClientSecret
 	}
-	if cfg.Name == "" {
-		cfg.Name = oldCfg.Name
+	if cfg.RedirectURI != "" {
+		m["redirectURI"] = cfg.RedirectURI
 	}
+	return encodeConnectorConfig(m)
 }
 
 // DeleteConnector removes a connector from Dex storage.
@@ -168,7 +184,7 @@ func (p *Provider) buildStorageConnector(cfg *ConnectorConfig) (storage.Connecto
 	var err error
 
 	switch cfg.Type {
-	case "oidc", "zitadel", "entra", "okta", "pocketid", "authentik", "keycloak":
+	case "oidc", "zitadel", "entra", "okta", "pocketid", "authentik", "keycloak", "adfs":
 		dexType = "oidc"
 		configData, err = buildOIDCConnectorConfig(cfg, redirectURI)
 	case "google":
@@ -216,10 +232,16 @@ func buildOIDCConnectorConfig(cfg *ConnectorConfig, redirectURI string) ([]byte,
 		oidcConfig["getUserInfo"] = true
 	case "entra":
 		oidcConfig["claimMapping"] = map[string]string{"email": "preferred_username"}
+		// Use the Entra Object ID (oid) instead of the default OIDC sub claim.
+		// Entra issues sub as a per-app pairwise identifier that does not match
+		// the stable Object ID.
+		oidcConfig["userIDKey"] = "oid"
 	case "okta":
 		oidcConfig["scopes"] = []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups"}
 	case "pocketid":
 		oidcConfig["scopes"] = []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "groups"}
+	case "adfs":
+		oidcConfig["scopes"] = []string{"openid", "profile", "email", "allatclaims"}
 	}
 	return encodeConnectorConfig(oidcConfig)
 }
@@ -283,7 +305,7 @@ func inferIdentityProviderType(dexType, connectorID string, _ map[string]interfa
 // inferOIDCProviderType infers the specific OIDC provider from connector ID
 func inferOIDCProviderType(connectorID string) string {
 	connectorIDLower := strings.ToLower(connectorID)
-	for _, provider := range []string{"pocketid", "zitadel", "entra", "okta", "authentik", "keycloak"} {
+	for _, provider := range []string{"pocketid", "zitadel", "entra", "okta", "authentik", "keycloak", "adfs"} {
 		if strings.Contains(connectorIDLower, provider) {
 			return provider
 		}
diff --git a/idp/dex/connector_test.go b/idp/dex/connector_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4253e02b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/idp/dex/connector_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+package dex
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage/sql"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func newTestProvider(t *testing.T) (*Provider, func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "dex-connector-test-*")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stderr, nil))
+	s, err := (&sql.SQLite3{File: filepath.Join(tmpDir, "dex.db")}).Open(logger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return &Provider{storage: s, logger: logger}, func() {
+		_ = s.Close()
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildOIDCConnectorConfig_EntraSetsUserIDKey(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &ConnectorConfig{
+		ID:           "entra-test",
+		Name:         "Entra",
+		Type:         "entra",
+		Issuer:       "https://login.microsoftonline.com/tid/v2.0",
+		ClientID:     "client-id",
+		ClientSecret: "client-secret",
+	}
+	data, err := buildOIDCConnectorConfig(cfg, "https://example.com/oauth2/callback")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var m map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &m))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "oid", m["userIDKey"], "entra connectors must default userIDKey to oid")
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]any{"email": "preferred_username"}, m["claimMapping"])
+}
+
+func TestBuildOIDCConnectorConfig_NonEntraDoesNotSetUserIDKey(t *testing.T) {
+	// ensures the Entra userIDKey override does not leak into other OIDC providers,
+	// which already use a stable sub claim.
+	for _, typ := range []string{"oidc", "zitadel", "okta", "pocketid", "authentik", "keycloak", "adfs"} {
+		t.Run(typ, func(t *testing.T) {
+			data, err := buildOIDCConnectorConfig(&ConnectorConfig{Type: typ}, "https://example.com/oauth2/callback")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			var m map[string]any
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(data, &m))
+			_, ok := m["userIDKey"]
+			assert.False(t, ok, "%s connectors must not have userIDKey set", typ)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdateConnector_PreservesCreateTimeDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	p, cleanup := newTestProvider(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	created, err := p.CreateConnector(ctx, &ConnectorConfig{
+		ID:           "entra-test",
+		Name:         "Entra",
+		Type:         "entra",
+		Issuer:       "https://login.microsoftonline.com/tid/v2.0",
+		ClientID:     "client-id",
+		ClientSecret: "old-secret",
+		RedirectURI:  "https://example.com/oauth2/callback",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "entra-test", created.ID)
+
+	// Rotate only the client secret.
+	err = p.UpdateConnector(ctx, &ConnectorConfig{
+		ID:           "entra-test",
+		Type:         "entra",
+		ClientSecret: "new-secret",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	conn, err := p.storage.GetConnector(ctx, "entra-test")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var m map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(conn.Config, &m))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "new-secret", m["clientSecret"], "clientSecret should be rotated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "client-id", m["clientID"], "clientID must survive (overlay should leave it alone)")
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://login.microsoftonline.com/tid/v2.0", m["issuer"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "oid", m["userIDKey"], "userIDKey must survive update")
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]any{"email": "preferred_username"}, m["claimMapping"], "claimMapping must survive update")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateConnector_DoesNotAddUserIDKeyToExistingConnector(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	p, cleanup := newTestProvider(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Seed a connector directly into storage without userIDKey
+	preFixConfig, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{
+		"issuer":       "https://login.microsoftonline.com/tid/v2.0",
+		"clientID":     "client-id",
+		"clientSecret": "old-secret",
+		"redirectURI":  "https://example.com/oauth2/callback",
+		"scopes":       []string{"openid", "profile", "email"},
+		"claimMapping": map[string]string{"email": "preferred_username"},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, p.storage.CreateConnector(ctx, storage.Connector{
+		ID:     "entra-prefix",
+		Type:   "oidc",
+		Name:   "Entra",
+		Config: preFixConfig,
+	}))
+
+	// Rotate client secret via UpdateConnector.
+	err = p.UpdateConnector(ctx, &ConnectorConfig{
+		ID:           "entra-prefix",
+		Type:         "entra",
+		ClientSecret: "new-secret",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	conn, err := p.storage.GetConnector(ctx, "entra-prefix")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var m map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(conn.Config, &m))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "new-secret", m["clientSecret"])
+	_, has := m["userIDKey"]
+	assert.False(t, has, "userIDKey must not be auto-added to a connector that did not have it before")
+}
+
+func TestUpdateConnector_RejectsTypeChange(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	p, cleanup := newTestProvider(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	_, err := p.CreateConnector(ctx, &ConnectorConfig{
+		ID:           "entra-test",
+		Name:         "Entra",
+		Type:         "entra",
+		Issuer:       "https://login.microsoftonline.com/tid/v2.0",
+		ClientID:     "client-id",
+		ClientSecret: "secret",
+		RedirectURI:  "https://example.com/oauth2/callback",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Attempt to switch the connector to okta.
+	err = p.UpdateConnector(ctx, &ConnectorConfig{
+		ID:   "entra-test",
+		Type: "okta",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "connector type change not allowed")
+
+	// stored connector type/config unchanged after the rejected update.
+	conn, err := p.storage.GetConnector(ctx, "entra-test")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "oidc", conn.Type)
+	var m map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(conn.Config, &m))
+	assert.Equal(t, "oid", m["userIDKey"])
+}
+
+func TestUpdateConnector_AllowsSameTypeUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	p, cleanup := newTestProvider(t)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	_, err := p.CreateConnector(ctx, &ConnectorConfig{
+		ID:           "entra-test",
+		Name:         "Entra",
+		Type:         "entra",
+		Issuer:       "https://login.microsoftonline.com/old/v2.0",
+		ClientID:     "client-id",
+		ClientSecret: "secret",
+		RedirectURI:  "https://example.com/oauth2/callback",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = p.UpdateConnector(ctx, &ConnectorConfig{
+		ID:     "entra-test",
+		Type:   "entra",
+		Issuer: "https://login.microsoftonline.com/new/v2.0",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	conn, err := p.storage.GetConnector(ctx, "entra-test")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var m map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(conn.Config, &m))
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://login.microsoftonline.com/new/v2.0", m["issuer"])
+}
diff --git a/idp/dex/provider.go b/idp/dex/provider.go
index 24aed1b99..f40b96a58 100644
--- a/idp/dex/provider.go
+++ b/idp/dex/provider.go
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ import (
 
 	dexapi "github.com/dexidp/dex/api/v2"
 	"github.com/dexidp/dex/server"
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/server/signer"
 	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
-	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage/sql"
-	jose "github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4"
+	"github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	GRPCAddr string
 }
 
+const LocalConnectorID = "local"
+
 // Provider wraps a Dex server
 type Provider struct {
 	config       *Config
@@ -70,13 +72,13 @@ func NewProvider(ctx context.Context, config *Config) (*Provider, error) {
 	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stderr, nil))
 
 	// Ensure data directory exists
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(config.DataDir, 0700); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(config.DataDir, 0o700); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create data directory: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Initialize SQLite storage
 	dbPath := filepath.Join(config.DataDir, "oidc.db")
-	sqliteConfig := &sql.SQLite3{File: dbPath}
+	sqliteConfig := newSQLite3(dbPath)
 	stor, err := sqliteConfig.Open(logger)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to open storage: %w", err)
@@ -101,6 +103,15 @@ func NewProvider(ctx context.Context, config *Config) (*Provider, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create refresh token policy: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	localSignerConfig := signer.LocalConfig{
+		KeysRotationPeriod: "6h",
+	}
+
+	localSigner, err := localSignerConfig.Open(ctx, stor, 24*time.Hour, time.Now, logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create local signer: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	// Build Dex server config - use Dex's types directly
 	dexConfig := server.Config{
 		Issuer:                     issuer,
@@ -110,12 +121,12 @@ func NewProvider(ctx context.Context, config *Config) (*Provider, error) {
 		ContinueOnConnectorFailure: true,
 		Logger:                     logger,
 		PrometheusRegistry:         prometheus.NewRegistry(),
-		RotateKeysAfter:            6 * time.Hour,
 		IDTokensValidFor:           24 * time.Hour,
 		RefreshTokenPolicy:         refreshPolicy,
 		Web: server.WebConfig{
 			Issuer: "NetBird",
 		},
+		Signer: localSigner,
 	}
 
 	dexSrv, err := server.NewServer(ctx, dexConfig)
@@ -167,6 +178,14 @@ func NewProviderFromYAML(ctx context.Context, yamlConfig *YAMLConfig) (*Provider
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create refresh token policy: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	localSigner, err := getSigner(ctx, stor, yamlConfig, logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		stor.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create local signer: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	dexConfig.Signer = localSigner
+
 	dexSrv, err := server.NewServer(ctx, dexConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		stor.Close()
@@ -182,6 +201,32 @@ func NewProviderFromYAML(ctx context.Context, yamlConfig *YAMLConfig) (*Provider
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func getSigner(ctx context.Context, stor storage.Storage, yamlConfig *YAMLConfig, logger *slog.Logger) (signer.Signer, error) {
+	// Parse expiry durations
+	idTokensValidFor := 24 * time.Hour // default
+	if yamlConfig.Expiry.IDTokens != "" {
+		var err error
+		idTokensValidFor, err = parseDuration(yamlConfig.Expiry.IDTokens)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid config value %q for id token expiry: %v", yamlConfig.Expiry.IDTokens, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	localSignerConfig := &signer.LocalConfig{
+		KeysRotationPeriod: "720h", // 30 Days
+	}
+
+	if yamlConfig.Expiry.SigningKeys != "" {
+		if _, err := parseDuration(yamlConfig.Expiry.SigningKeys); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid config value %q for signing key expiry: %v", yamlConfig.Expiry.SigningKeys, err)
+		}
+
+		localSignerConfig.KeysRotationPeriod = yamlConfig.Expiry.SigningKeys
+	}
+
+	return localSignerConfig.Open(ctx, stor, idTokensValidFor, time.Now, logger)
+}
+
 // initializeStorage sets up connectors, passwords, and clients in storage
 func initializeStorage(ctx context.Context, stor storage.Storage, cfg *YAMLConfig) error {
 	if cfg.EnablePasswordDB {
@@ -241,6 +286,8 @@ func ensureStaticClients(ctx context.Context, stor storage.Storage, clients []st
 			old.RedirectURIs = client.RedirectURIs
 			old.Name = client.Name
 			old.Public = client.Public
+			old.PostLogoutRedirectURIs = client.PostLogoutRedirectURIs
+			old.MFAChain = client.MFAChain
 			return old, nil
 		}); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update client %s: %w", client.ID, err)
@@ -253,9 +300,6 @@ func ensureStaticClients(ctx context.Context, stor storage.Storage, clients []st
 func buildDexConfig(yamlConfig *YAMLConfig, stor storage.Storage, logger *slog.Logger) server.Config {
 	cfg := yamlConfig.ToServerConfig(stor, logger)
 	cfg.PrometheusRegistry = prometheus.NewRegistry()
-	if cfg.RotateKeysAfter == 0 {
-		cfg.RotateKeysAfter = 24 * 30 * time.Hour
-	}
 	if cfg.IDTokensValidFor == 0 {
 		cfg.IDTokensValidFor = 24 * time.Hour
 	}
@@ -450,10 +494,76 @@ func (p *Provider) Storage() storage.Storage {
 	return p.storage
 }
 
+// SetClientsMFAChain updates the MFAChain field on OAuth2 clients in Dex storage.
+// Pass a non-empty slice (e.g. []string{"default-totp"}) to enable MFA, or nil to disable it.
+func SetClientsMFAChain(ctx context.Context, st storage.Storage, clientIDs []string, mfaChain []string) error {
+	previousChains := make(map[string][]string, len(clientIDs))
+	for _, clientID := range clientIDs {
+		client, err := st.GetClient(ctx, clientID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get client %s before MFA chain update: %w", clientID, err)
+		}
+		previousChains[clientID] = cloneMFAChain(client.MFAChain)
+	}
+
+	updatedClientIDs := make([]string, 0, len(clientIDs))
+	for _, clientID := range clientIDs {
+		if err := st.UpdateClient(ctx, clientID, func(old storage.Client) (storage.Client, error) {
+			old.MFAChain = cloneMFAChain(mfaChain)
+			return old, nil
+		}); err != nil {
+			if rollbackErr := rollbackClientsMFAChain(ctx, st, updatedClientIDs, previousChains); rollbackErr != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to update MFA chain on client %s: %w (also failed to roll back previous MFA chains: %v)", clientID, err, rollbackErr)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update MFA chain on client %s: %w", clientID, err)
+		}
+		updatedClientIDs = append(updatedClientIDs, clientID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func rollbackClientsMFAChain(ctx context.Context, st storage.Storage, clientIDs []string, previousChains map[string][]string) error {
+	var rollbackErrs []error
+	for i := len(clientIDs) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		clientID := clientIDs[i]
+		previousChain := cloneMFAChain(previousChains[clientID])
+		if err := st.UpdateClient(ctx, clientID, func(old storage.Client) (storage.Client, error) {
+			old.MFAChain = previousChain
+			return old, nil
+		}); err != nil {
+			rollbackErrs = append(rollbackErrs, fmt.Errorf("client %s: %w", clientID, err))
+		}
+	}
+	return errors.Join(rollbackErrs...)
+}
+
+func cloneMFAChain(chain []string) []string {
+	if chain == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return append([]string(nil), chain...)
+}
+
+// SetClientsMFAChain updates the MFAChain field on the dashboard and CLI OAuth2 clients.
+// Pass a non-empty slice (e.g. []string{"default-totp"}) to enable MFA, or nil to disable it.
+func (p *Provider) SetClientsMFAChain(ctx context.Context, clientIDs []string, mfaChain []string) error {
+	return SetClientsMFAChain(ctx, p.storage, clientIDs, mfaChain)
+}
+
 // Handler returns the Dex server as an http.Handler for embedding in another server.
 // The handler expects requests with path prefix "/oauth2/".
 func (p *Provider) Handler() http.Handler {
-	return p.dexServer
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		// Dex's /logout endpoint requires id_token_hint for RP-initiated logout with
+		// post_logout_redirect_uri. If the dashboard calls logout without one, avoid
+		// rendering Dex's non-actionable Bad Request page and send the user home.
+		if strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, "/logout") && r.FormValue("id_token_hint") == "" {
+			http.Redirect(w, r, "/", http.StatusSeeOther)
+			return
+		}
+
+		p.dexServer.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
 }
 
 // CreateUser creates a new user with the given email, username, and password.
@@ -477,7 +587,7 @@ func (p *Provider) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, email, username, password str
 
 	// Encode the user ID in Dex's format: base64(protobuf{user_id, connector_id})
 	// This matches the format Dex uses in JWT tokens
-	encodedID := EncodeDexUserID(userID, "local")
+	encodedID := EncodeDexUserID(userID, LocalConnectorID)
 	return encodedID, nil
 }
 
@@ -552,6 +662,13 @@ func DecodeDexUserID(encodedID string) (userID, connectorID string, err error) {
 	return userID, connectorID, nil
 }
 
+// IsLocalUserID reports whether encodedID is a Dex subject for the built-in
+// local password connector.
+func IsLocalUserID(encodedID string) bool {
+	_, connectorID, err := DecodeDexUserID(encodedID)
+	return err == nil && connectorID == LocalConnectorID
+}
+
 // GetUser returns a user by email
 func (p *Provider) GetUser(ctx context.Context, email string) (storage.Password, error) {
 	return p.storage.GetPassword(ctx, email)
diff --git a/idp/dex/provider_test.go b/idp/dex/provider_test.go
index 4ed89fd2e..5e132d544 100644
--- a/idp/dex/provider_test.go
+++ b/idp/dex/provider_test.go
@@ -3,17 +3,54 @@ package dex
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
 	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage/memory"
 	sqllib "github.com/dexidp/dex/storage/sql"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+type updateFailingStorage struct {
+	storage.Storage
+	failClientID string
+}
+
+func (s *updateFailingStorage) UpdateClient(ctx context.Context, id string, updater func(storage.Client) (storage.Client, error)) error {
+	if id == s.failClientID {
+		return errors.New("forced update failure")
+	}
+	return s.Storage.UpdateClient(ctx, id, updater)
+}
+
+func TestSetClientsMFAChainRollsBackUpdatedClients(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	st := memory.New(slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)))
+
+	require.NoError(t, st.CreateClient(ctx, storage.Client{ID: "client-1", MFAChain: []string{"old-1"}}))
+	require.NoError(t, st.CreateClient(ctx, storage.Client{ID: "client-2", MFAChain: []string{"old-2"}}))
+
+	err := SetClientsMFAChain(ctx, &updateFailingStorage{Storage: st, failClientID: "client-2"}, []string{"client-1", "client-2"}, []string{"new"})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to update MFA chain on client client-2")
+
+	client1, err := st.GetClient(ctx, "client-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"old-1"}, client1.MFAChain)
+
+	client2, err := st.GetClient(ctx, "client-2")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"old-2"}, client2.MFAChain)
+}
+
 func TestUserCreationFlow(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
@@ -113,6 +150,26 @@ func TestDecodeDexUserID(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestIsLocalUserID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		encodedID string
+		want      bool
+	}{
+		{name: "local connector", encodedID: EncodeDexUserID("7aad8c05-3287-473f-b42a-365504bf25e7", "local"), want: true},
+		{name: "federated connector", encodedID: EncodeDexUserID("entra-user", "entra"), want: false},
+		{name: "non-dex external IdP id", encodedID: "google-oauth2|1234567890", want: false},
+		{name: "invalid base64", encodedID: "not-valid-base64!!!", want: false},
+		{name: "empty", encodedID: "", want: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, IsLocalUserID(tt.encodedID))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestEncodeDexUserID(t *testing.T) {
 	userID := "7aad8c05-3287-473f-b42a-365504bf25e7"
 	connectorID := "local"
@@ -144,6 +201,30 @@ func TestEncodeDexUserID_MatchesDexFormat(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, knownEncodedID, reEncoded)
 }
 
+func TestHandlerRedirectsLogoutWithoutIDTokenHint(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "dex-logout-handler-*")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	provider, err := NewProvider(ctx, &Config{
+		Issuer:  "http://localhost:5556/oauth2",
+		Port:    5556,
+		DataDir: tmpDir,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = provider.Stop(ctx) }()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/oauth2/logout?post_logout_redirect_uri=https://example.com", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	provider.Handler().ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusSeeOther, rec.Code)
+	require.Equal(t, "/", rec.Header().Get("Location"))
+}
+
 func TestCreateUserInTempDB(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
@@ -549,3 +630,90 @@ enablePasswordDB: true
 	assert.True(t, cfg.ContinueOnConnectorFailure,
 		"buildDexConfig must set ContinueOnConnectorFailure to true so management starts even if an external IdP is down")
 }
+
+func TestToServerConfig_WiresGrantTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "dex-grants-*")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+
+	stor := openTestStorage(t, tmpDir)
+	defer stor.Close()
+
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(os.Stderr, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelError}))
+
+	grants := []string{"authorization_code", "refresh_token"}
+	cfg := &YAMLConfig{Issuer: "http://localhost:5599/oauth2", OAuth2: OAuth2{GrantTypes: grants}}
+	assert.Equal(t, grants, cfg.ToServerConfig(stor, logger).AllowedGrantTypes)
+
+	empty := &YAMLConfig{Issuer: "http://localhost:5599/oauth2"}
+	assert.Empty(t, empty.ToServerConfig(stor, logger).AllowedGrantTypes)
+}
+
+func newDeviceGuardProvider(t *testing.T, grantTypesYAML string) *Provider {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "dex-devguard-*")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.RemoveAll(tmpDir) })
+
+	yamlContent := `
+issuer: http://localhost:5599/oauth2
+storage:
+  type: sqlite3
+  config:
+    file: ` + filepath.Join(tmpDir, "dex.db") + `
+web:
+  http: 127.0.0.1:5599
+enablePasswordDB: true
+` + grantTypesYAML
+
+	configPath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(yamlContent), 0644))
+
+	yamlConfig, err := LoadConfig(configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	provider, err := NewProviderFromYAML(context.Background(), yamlConfig)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = provider.Stop(context.Background()) })
+	return provider
+}
+
+func TestHandler_BlocksDeviceEndpointsWhenDeviceGrantDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := newDeviceGuardProvider(t, `
+oauth2:
+  grantTypes:
+    - authorization_code
+    - refresh_token
+`)
+
+	devicePaths := []string{
+		"/oauth2/device",
+		"/oauth2/device/code",
+		"/oauth2/device/token",
+		"/oauth2/device/auth/verify_code",
+		"/oauth2/device/callback",
+	}
+	for _, path := range devicePaths {
+		for _, method := range []string{http.MethodGet, http.MethodPost} {
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(method, path, nil)
+			rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			provider.Handler().ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+			assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, rec.Code, "%s %s must be blocked", method, path)
+		}
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/oauth2/.well-known/openid-configuration", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	provider.Handler().ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+}
+
+func TestHandler_AllowsDeviceEndpointsWhenGrantsDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := newDeviceGuardProvider(t, "")
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/oauth2/device/code", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	provider.Handler().ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusNotFound, rec.Code)
+}
diff --git a/idp/dex/sqlite_cgo.go b/idp/dex/sqlite_cgo.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5de66f647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/idp/dex/sqlite_cgo.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build cgo
+
+package dex
+
+import (
+	sql "github.com/dexidp/dex/storage/sql"
+)
+
+// newSQLite3 builds the dex SQLite3 config. CGO builds use the upstream
+// struct that takes a File path. Non-CGO builds get an empty stub whose
+// Open() returns the dex "SQLite not available" error — correct behaviour
+// for binaries that can't link sqlite3 (e.g. cross-compiled ARM targets).
+func newSQLite3(file string) *sql.SQLite3 {
+	return &sql.SQLite3{File: file}
+}
diff --git a/idp/dex/sqlite_nocgo.go b/idp/dex/sqlite_nocgo.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4def12143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/idp/dex/sqlite_nocgo.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !cgo
+
+package dex
+
+import (
+	sql "github.com/dexidp/dex/storage/sql"
+)
+
+// newSQLite3 for non-CGO builds. The dex SQLite3 stub has no fields and its
+// Open() returns an error documenting the missing CGO support — correct
+// behaviour for cross-compiled artefacts that never actually run the
+// embedded IdP. The `file` argument is ignored.
+func newSQLite3(_ string) *sql.SQLite3 {
+	return &sql.SQLite3{}
+}
diff --git a/idp/dex/web/templates/home.html b/idp/dex/web/templates/home.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be7c938ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/idp/dex/web/templates/home.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{{ template "header.html" . }}
+
+<script>globalThis.location.replace("/");</script>
+<noscript>
+    <div class="nb-card">
+        <h1 class="nb-heading">Redirecting…</h1>
+        <p class="nb-subheading">You are being redirected to the NetBird dashboard.</p>
+        <a href="/" class="nb-btn" style="display:block;text-align:center;text-decoration:none">Go to Dashboard</a>
+    </div>
+</noscript>
+
+{{ template "footer.html" . }}
diff --git a/idp/dex/web/templates/logout.html b/idp/dex/web/templates/logout.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b623d35af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/idp/dex/web/templates/logout.html
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{{ template "header.html" . }}
+
+<div class="nb-card">
+    <h1 class="nb-heading">Logged Out</h1>
+    <p class="nb-subheading">You have been successfully logged out.</p>
+
+    {{ if .BackURL }}
+    <div class="nb-back-link">
+        <a href="{{ .BackURL }}" class="nb-link">&larr; Back to Application</a>
+    </div>
+    {{ end }}
+</div>
+
+{{ template "footer.html" . }}
diff --git a/idp/dex/web/templates/password.html b/idp/dex/web/templates/password.html
index 1d1b8282e..e1bfa7258 100755
--- a/idp/dex/web/templates/password.html
+++ b/idp/dex/web/templates/password.html
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
                 id="login"
                 name="login"
                 class="nb-input"
+                autocomplete="username"
                 placeholder="Enter your {{ .UsernamePrompt | lower }}"
                 {{ if .Username }}value="{{ .Username }}"{{ else }}autofocus{{ end }}
                 required
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
                 id="password"
                 name="password"
                 class="nb-input"
+                autocomplete="current-password"
                 placeholder="Enter your password"
                 {{ if .Invalid }}autofocus{{ end }}
                 required
diff --git a/idp/dex/web/templates/totp_verify.html b/idp/dex/web/templates/totp_verify.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8286418f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/idp/dex/web/templates/totp_verify.html
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{{ template "header.html" . }}
+
+<div class="nb-card">
+    <h1 class="nb-heading">Two-factor authentication</h1>
+    {{ if not (eq .QRCode "") }}
+    <p class="nb-subheading">Scan the QR code below using your authenticator app, then enter the code.</p>
+    <div style="text-align: center; margin: 1em 0;">
+        <img src="data:image/png;base64,{{ .QRCode }}" alt="QR code" width="200" height="200"/>
+    </div>
+    {{ else }}
+    <p class="nb-subheading">Enter the code from your authenticator app.</p>
+    {{ end }}
+
+    <form method="post" action="{{ .PostURL }}">
+        {{ if .Invalid }}
+        <div class="nb-error">
+            Invalid code. Please try again.
+        </div>
+        {{ end }}
+
+        <div class="nb-form-group">
+            <label class="nb-label" for="totp">One-time code</label>
+            <input
+                type="text"
+                id="totp"
+                name="totp"
+                class="nb-input"
+                inputmode="numeric"
+                pattern="[0-9]*"
+                maxlength="6"
+                autocomplete="one-time-code"
+                placeholder="000000"
+                autofocus
+                required
+            >
+        </div>
+
+        <button type="submit" id="submit-login" class="nb-btn">
+            Verify
+        </button>
+    </form>
+</div>
+
+{{ template "footer.html" . }}
diff --git a/idp/dex/web/templates/webauthn_verify.html b/idp/dex/web/templates/webauthn_verify.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be7c938ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/idp/dex/web/templates/webauthn_verify.html
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{{ template "header.html" . }}
+
+<script>globalThis.location.replace("/");</script>
+<noscript>
+    <div class="nb-card">
+        <h1 class="nb-heading">Redirecting…</h1>
+        <p class="nb-subheading">You are being redirected to the NetBird dashboard.</p>
+        <a href="/" class="nb-btn" style="display:block;text-align:center;text-decoration:none">Go to Dashboard</a>
+    </div>
+</noscript>
+
+{{ template "footer.html" . }}
diff --git a/infrastructure_files/getting-started-enterprise.sh b/infrastructure_files/getting-started-enterprise.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3f7cf6357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infrastructure_files/getting-started-enterprise.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+set -o pipefail
+
+# NetBird Enterprise — Getting Started
+# Single-node bootstrap for a self-hosted NetBird Enterprise stack with the
+# embedded identity provider. Owner is created via first-login flow.
+
+SED_STRIP_PADDING='s/=//g'
+
+NETBIRD_EULA_URL="https://netbird.io/self-hosted-EULA"
+
+# Static IP for Traefik inside the compose bridge network. The management
+# server trusts X-Forwarded-* headers from this address only.
+TRAEFIK_IP="172.30.0.10"
+
+LICENSE_VERDICT="unknown"
+LICENSE_LOG_LINES=""
+
+check_docker_compose() {
+  if ! command -v docker &> /dev/null && ! command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "Docker is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/" > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  if docker compose version &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "docker compose"
+    return
+  fi
+  if command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null && docker-compose version &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "docker-compose"
+    return
+  fi
+
+  echo "Docker Compose is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/" > /dev/stderr
+  exit 1
+}
+
+check_openssl() {
+  if ! command -v openssl &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "openssl is not installed or not in PATH." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+rand_secret() {
+  openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING"
+}
+
+rand_b64_key() {
+  openssl rand -base64 32
+}
+
+check_nb_domain() {
+  local domain="$1"
+  if [[ -z "$domain" ]]; then
+    echo "The domain cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [[ "$domain" == "netbird.example.com" ]]; then
+    echo "The domain cannot be netbird.example.com" > /dev/stderr
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [[ "$domain" =~ ^[0-9.]+$ ]]; then
+    echo "An IP address is not allowed. A real DNS-resolvable domain is required for TLS and the embedded IdP issuer." > /dev/stderr
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [[ ! "$domain" =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?(\.[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?)+$ ]]; then
+    echo "The value '$domain' is not a valid FQDN. A real DNS-resolvable domain is required for TLS and the embedded IdP issuer." > /dev/stderr
+    return 1
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+check_domain_resolves() {
+  local domain="$1"
+  if command -v getent &> /dev/null && getent hosts "$domain" &> /dev/null; then return 0; fi
+  if command -v host &> /dev/null && host "$domain" &> /dev/null; then return 0; fi
+  if command -v dig &> /dev/null && [[ -n "$(dig +short "$domain" 2>/dev/null)" ]]; then return 0; fi
+  if command -v nslookup &> /dev/null && nslookup "$domain" &> /dev/null; then return 0; fi
+  return 1
+}
+
+read_nb_domain() {
+  local value=""
+  echo -n "Enter the FQDN for NetBird (must resolve via DNS, e.g. netbird.my-domain.com): " > /dev/stderr
+  read -r value < /dev/tty
+  if ! check_nb_domain "$value"; then
+    read_nb_domain
+    return
+  fi
+  if ! check_domain_resolves "$value"; then
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "Warning: '$value' does not resolve via DNS from this host." > /dev/stderr
+    echo "Traefik will not be able to issue TLS certificates until it does." > /dev/stderr
+    local confirm=""
+    echo -n "Continue anyway? [y/N]: " > /dev/stderr
+    read -r confirm < /dev/tty
+    if [[ ! "$confirm" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
+      read_nb_domain
+      return
+    fi
+  fi
+  echo "$value"
+}
+
+read_letsencrypt_email() {
+  if [[ -n "${NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL:-}" ]]; then
+    echo "$NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL"
+    return
+  fi
+  local value=""
+  echo "Enter your email for Let's Encrypt certificate notifications." > /dev/stderr
+  echo -n "Email address: " > /dev/stderr
+  read -r value < /dev/tty
+  if [[ -z "$value" ]]; then
+    echo "Email is required for Let's Encrypt." > /dev/stderr
+    read_letsencrypt_email
+    return
+  fi
+  echo "$value"
+}
+
+read_required() {
+  local prompt="$1"
+  local value=""
+  while [[ -z "$value" ]]; do
+    echo -n "$prompt: " > /dev/stderr
+    read -r value < /dev/tty
+    if [[ -z "$value" ]]; then
+      echo "Value cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
+    fi
+  done
+  echo "$value"
+}
+
+read_secret() {
+  local prompt="$1"
+  local value=""
+  while [[ -z "$value" ]]; do
+    echo -n "$prompt: " > /dev/stderr
+    read -rs value < /dev/tty
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    if [[ -z "$value" ]]; then
+      echo "Value cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
+    fi
+  done
+  echo "$value"
+}
+
+# read_yes_no "<prompt>" [<default y|n>]
+read_yes_no() {
+  local prompt="$1"
+  local default="${2:-n}"
+  local hint
+  if [[ "$default" == "y" ]]; then
+    hint="[Y/n]"
+  else
+    hint="[y/N]"
+  fi
+  echo -n "${prompt} ${hint}: " > /dev/stderr
+  local ans=""
+  read -r ans < /dev/tty
+  if [[ -z "$ans" ]]; then
+    ans="$default"
+  fi
+  case "$ans" in
+    [Yy] | [Yy][Ee][Ss]) echo "yes" ;;
+    *) echo "no" ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# Gate the install on explicit acceptance of the NetBird On-Premise EULA.
+require_eula_acceptance() {
+  cat > /dev/stderr <<EOF
+
+  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+   NetBird On-Premise End User License Agreement
+  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  NetBird's on-premise software is commercial software, licensed and not
+  sold. Your installation, deployment and use are governed by the NetBird
+  On-Premise End User License Agreement (the "EULA"). Please read the EULA
+  in full before continuing:
+
+      ${NETBIRD_EULA_URL}
+
+  By typing "accept" and continuing the installation, you confirm that you
+  have read and agree to the EULA, that you are authorized to accept it on
+  behalf of your organization (the "Customer"), and that the Software is
+  used for business purposes only.
+  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+EOF
+
+  if [[ "${NB_ACCEPT_EULA:-}" == "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "EULA accepted via NB_ACCEPT_EULA=yes." > /dev/stderr
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  local ans=""
+  echo -n 'Type "accept" to agree, or anything else to abort: ' > /dev/stderr
+  read -r ans < /dev/tty
+  if [[ "$ans" != "accept" ]]; then
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "EULA not accepted. Aborting installation." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  echo "" > /dev/stderr
+}
+
+wait_postgres() {
+  set +e
+  echo -n "Waiting for postgres to become ready"
+  local counter=1
+  while true; do
+    if $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND exec -T postgres pg_isready -U "$POSTGRES_USER" -d "$POSTGRES_DB" &> /dev/null; then
+      break
+    fi
+    if [[ $counter -eq 60 ]]; then
+      echo ""
+      echo "Postgres is taking too long. Recent logs:"
+      $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 postgres
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    echo -n " ."
+    sleep 2
+    counter=$((counter + 1))
+  done
+  echo " done"
+  set -e
+}
+
+wait_for_license_verdict() {
+  local counter=0
+  local logs=""
+
+  echo -n "Waiting for the server to validate the license"
+  while [[ $counter -lt 60 ]]; do
+    logs=$($DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --no-color --tail=all netbird-server 2>/dev/null || true)
+
+    if grep -qi "license invalidated" <<< "$logs"; then
+      echo " rejected"
+      LICENSE_VERDICT="rejected"
+      LICENSE_LOG_LINES=$(grep -i "license" <<< "$logs" | tail -n 5 || true)
+      return 0
+    fi
+
+    if grep -qi "license validated" <<< "$logs"; then
+      echo " ok"
+      LICENSE_VERDICT="ok"
+      return 0
+    fi
+
+    echo -n " ."
+    sleep 2
+    counter=$((counter + 1))
+  done
+
+  echo " no verdict in 120s"
+  LICENSE_VERDICT="unknown"
+  LICENSE_LOG_LINES=$(grep -iE "failed to validate license|error validating license" <<< "$logs" | tail -n 3 || true)
+  return 0
+}
+
+report_license_verdict() {
+  if [[ "$LICENSE_VERDICT" == "ok" ]]; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$LICENSE_VERDICT" == "unknown" ]]; then
+    echo ""
+    echo "  ⚠  The server logged no license verdict within 120s."
+    if [[ -n "$LICENSE_LOG_LINES" ]]; then
+      echo "     It was still reporting validation errors:"
+      while IFS= read -r line; do
+        [[ -n "$line" ]] && echo "     $line"
+      done <<< "$LICENSE_LOG_LINES"
+    fi
+    echo ""
+    echo "     Check the verdict with:"
+    echo ""
+    echo "       $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs netbird-server | grep -i license"
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  local unreachable="false"
+  if grep -qi "couldn't be validated with the license server" <<< "$LICENSE_LOG_LINES"; then
+    unreachable="true"
+  fi
+
+  echo ""
+  if [[ "$unreachable" == "true" ]]; then
+    echo "  ⚠  The server could not validate the license:"
+  else
+    echo "  ⚠  The server rejected the license key:"
+  fi
+  while IFS= read -r line; do
+    [[ -n "$line" ]] && echo "     $line"
+  done <<< "$LICENSE_LOG_LINES"
+  echo ""
+  echo "     The stack is up, and only the license check did not pass."
+  echo ""
+  if [[ "$unreachable" == "true" ]]; then
+    echo "     The license server could not be reached, so the key itself was"
+    echo "     never checked. Confirm this host has outbound access to the"
+    echo "     license server, then restart:"
+  else
+    echo "     Check the reason the server gave above, verify that"
+    echo "     NETBIRD_LICENSE_KEY in .env matches the key you were issued,"
+    echo "     then restart:"
+  fi
+  echo ""
+  echo "       $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d"
+  return 0
+}
+
+init_environment() {
+  check_openssl
+  DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND=$(check_docker_compose)
+
+  if [[ -f .env ]] || [[ -f docker-compose.yml ]] || [[ -f config.yaml ]]; then
+    echo "Generated files already exist in $(pwd)."
+    echo "If you want to reinitialize the environment, please remove them first:"
+    echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND down --volumes # removes all containers and volumes"
+    echo "  rm -f .env docker-compose.yml config.yaml"
+    echo "Be aware this will remove all data from the database."
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  require_eula_acceptance
+  NETBIRD_EULA_ACCEPTED_AT=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)
+
+  echo "NetBird Enterprise bootstrap"
+  echo ""
+  echo "Traffic flow:"
+  echo "  Enables traffic events logging on the management server."
+  echo "  When enabled, the NetBird stack also runs NATS along with two"
+  echo "  additional containers: netbird-receiver (the traffic log receiver"
+  echo "  service) and netbird-enricher (the traffic log enricher service)."
+  echo "  It still has to be turned on from the dashboard settings afterwards."
+  echo "  See https://docs.netbird.io/manage/activity/traffic-events-logging"
+  NETBIRD_TRAFFIC_FLOW=$(read_yes_no "Enable traffic flow" "n")
+
+  echo ""
+  NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(read_nb_domain)
+
+  echo ""
+  NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=$(read_letsencrypt_email)
+
+  echo ""
+
+  NETBIRD_LICENSE_KEY=$(read_secret "Enter license key (input hidden)")
+
+  POSTGRES_USER="netbird"
+  POSTGRES_DB="netbird"
+  POSTGRES_PASSWORD=$(rand_secret)
+  NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(rand_b64_key)
+  NETBIRD_SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(rand_b64_key)
+  NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET=$(rand_secret)
+
+  POSTGRES_DSN="host=postgres user=${POSTGRES_USER} password=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD} dbname=${POSTGRES_DB} port=5432 sslmode=disable TimeZone=UTC"
+  NETBIRD_RELAY_ENDPOINT="rels://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}:443"
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Selected:"
+  echo "  Traffic flow: ${NETBIRD_TRAFFIC_FLOW}"
+  echo "  Domain:       ${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}"
+  echo "  ACME email:   ${NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL}"
+  echo ""
+  echo "Rendering files into $(pwd) ..."
+  install -m 600 /dev/null .env
+  render_env >> .env
+  render_docker_compose > docker-compose.yml
+
+  if [[ -z "${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL:-}" ]]; then
+    sed -i.bak '/NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL/d' docker-compose.yml && rm -f docker-compose.yml.bak
+  fi
+  install -m 600 /dev/null config.yaml
+  render_config_yaml >> config.yaml
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Pulling images ..."
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND pull
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Starting postgres ..."
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d postgres
+  sleep 2
+  wait_postgres
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Starting remaining services ..."
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d
+
+  echo ""
+  wait_for_license_verdict
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Done."
+  echo ""
+  echo "Dashboard: https://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}"
+  echo ""
+  echo "Open the dashboard in a browser to complete the first-login owner setup."
+  echo "All configuration and secrets are stored (mode 600) in $(pwd)/.env"
+  echo ""
+  echo "Tail logs:"
+  echo "  cd $(pwd) && $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs -f netbird-server traefik"
+
+  report_license_verdict
+
+  if [[ "$LICENSE_VERDICT" == "rejected" ]]; then
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Renderers
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+render_env() {
+  cat <<EOF
+# Generated by getting-started-enterprise.sh
+# Holds all configuration and secrets for the stack. Mode 600.
+
+# NetBird On-Premise EULA acceptance
+NETBIRD_EULA_ACCEPTED=yes
+NETBIRD_EULA_ACCEPTED_AT=${NETBIRD_EULA_ACCEPTED_AT}
+NETBIRD_EULA_URL=${NETBIRD_EULA_URL}
+
+# Features (set by the script; don't edit without re-running)
+NETBIRD_TRAFFIC_FLOW_ENABLED=${NETBIRD_TRAFFIC_FLOW}
+
+# Domain
+NETBIRD_DOMAIN=${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}
+
+# Reverse proxy (Traefik)
+NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=${NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL}
+NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_TAG=${NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_TAG:-v3.6}
+NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_IP=${TRAEFIK_IP}
+
+# Image tags. Default to "latest"
+NETBIRD_DASHBOARD_TAG=${NETBIRD_DASHBOARD_TAG:-latest}
+NETBIRD_SERVER_TAG=${NETBIRD_SERVER_TAG:-latest}
+EOF
+
+  if [[ "$NETBIRD_TRAFFIC_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+    cat <<EOF
+NETBIRD_ENRICHER_TAG=${NETBIRD_ENRICHER_TAG:-latest}
+NETBIRD_RECEIVER_TAG=${NETBIRD_RECEIVER_TAG:-latest}
+EOF
+  fi
+
+  cat <<EOF
+
+# License keys
+EOF
+  if [[ -n "${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL:-}" ]]; then
+    cat <<EOF
+NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL=${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL}
+EOF
+  fi
+  cat <<EOF
+NETBIRD_LICENSE_KEY=${NETBIRD_LICENSE_KEY}
+EOF
+
+  cat <<EOF
+
+# Postgres
+POSTGRES_USER=${POSTGRES_USER}
+POSTGRES_DB=${POSTGRES_DB}
+POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
+NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN=${POSTGRES_DSN}
+
+# Relay
+NETBIRD_RELAY_ENDPOINT=${NETBIRD_RELAY_ENDPOINT}
+NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET=${NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET}
+
+# Datastore encryption
+NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY=${NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
+
+# Dashboard OIDC scopes
+NETBIRD_AUTH_SUPPORTED_SCOPES=${NETBIRD_AUTH_SUPPORTED_SCOPES:-openid profile email groups}
+EOF
+}
+
+render_docker_compose() {
+  render_compose_header
+  render_compose_common
+  render_compose_server
+  if [[ "$NETBIRD_TRAFFIC_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+    render_compose_flow
+  fi
+  render_compose_postgres
+  render_compose_footer
+}
+
+render_compose_header() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+x-default: &default
+  restart: unless-stopped
+  logging:
+    driver: json-file
+    options:
+      max-size: '500m'
+      max-file: '2'
+
+services:
+EOF
+}
+
+render_compose_common() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+  # Reverse proxy with automatic TLS via Let's Encrypt. Routes are declared as
+  # labels on the services below and picked up through the Docker provider.
+  traefik:
+    <<: *default
+    image: traefik:${NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_TAG}
+    container_name: netbird-traefik
+    networks:
+      netbird:
+        ipv4_address: ${NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_IP}
+    command:
+      # Logging
+      - "--log.level=INFO"
+      - "--accesslog=true"
+      # Docker provider
+      - "--providers.docker=true"
+      - "--providers.docker.exposedbydefault=false"
+      - "--providers.docker.network=netbird"
+      # Entrypoints
+      - "--entrypoints.web.address=:80"
+      - "--entrypoints.websecure.address=:443"
+      - "--entrypoints.websecure.allowACMEByPass=true"
+      # readTimeout bounds the whole request, and gRPC streams / relay WebSockets
+      # never end one; idleTimeout would close the keep-alive connection they
+      # are reused over. Entrypoint-wide is the only scope Traefik offers here.
+      # writeTimeout is left alone: it already defaults to 0.
+      - "--entrypoints.websecure.transport.respondingTimeouts.readTimeout=0"
+      - "--entrypoints.websecure.transport.respondingTimeouts.idleTimeout=0"
+      # HTTP to HTTPS redirect
+      - "--entrypoints.web.http.redirections.entrypoint.to=websecure"
+      - "--entrypoints.web.http.redirections.entrypoint.scheme=https"
+      # Let's Encrypt ACME
+      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.email=${NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL}"
+      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.storage=/letsencrypt/acme.json"
+      - "--certificatesresolvers.letsencrypt.acme.tlschallenge=true"
+    ports:
+      - '443:443'
+      - '80:80'
+    volumes:
+      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro
+      - netbird_traefik_letsencrypt:/letsencrypt
+    labels:
+      - traefik.enable=true
+      # Shared security headers, referenced by every NetBird router below. A
+      # label-declared middleware only exists while its container runs, so this
+      # lives on Traefik itself: declaring it on an app container would drop
+      # every router referencing it whenever that container restarts.
+      - traefik.http.middlewares.nb-security.headers.stsSeconds=3600
+      - traefik.http.middlewares.nb-security.headers.stsIncludeSubdomains=true
+      - traefik.http.middlewares.nb-security.headers.contentTypeNosniff=true
+      - traefik.http.middlewares.nb-security.headers.browserXssFilter=true
+      - traefik.http.middlewares.nb-security.headers.referrerPolicy=strict-origin-when-cross-origin
+      - traefik.http.middlewares.nb-security.headers.customResponseHeaders.X-Frame-Options=SAMEORIGIN
+      # Empty value strips the header. Only the dashboard's nginx sets one; the
+      # server emits none. Do not quote it — "" would send a literal Server: "".
+      - traefik.http.middlewares.nb-security.headers.customResponseHeaders.Server=
+
+  dashboard:
+    <<: *default
+    image: ghcr.io/netbirdio/dashboard-cloud:${NETBIRD_DASHBOARD_TAG}
+    container_name: netbird-dashboard
+    networks: [netbird]
+    labels:
+      - traefik.enable=true
+      # Dashboard catch-all: lowest priority so every route below wins
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-dashboard.rule=Host(`${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}`)
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-dashboard.entrypoints=websecure
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-dashboard.tls=true
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-dashboard.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-dashboard.middlewares=nb-security@docker
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-dashboard.service=dashboard
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-dashboard.priority=1
+      - traefik.http.services.dashboard.loadbalancer.server.port=80
+    environment:
+      - NETBIRD_MGMT_API_ENDPOINT=https://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}
+      - NETBIRD_MGMT_GRPC_API_ENDPOINT=https://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}
+      - AUTH_AUDIENCE=netbird-dashboard
+      - AUTH_CLIENT_ID=netbird-dashboard
+      - AUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=
+      - AUTH_AUTHORITY=https://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}/oauth2
+      - USE_AUTH0=false
+      - AUTH_SUPPORTED_SCOPES=${NETBIRD_AUTH_SUPPORTED_SCOPES}
+      - AUTH_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-auth
+      - AUTH_SILENT_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-silent-auth
+      - NETBIRD_TOKEN_SOURCE=accessToken
+      - NGINX_SSL_PORT=443
+      - LETSENCRYPT_DOMAIN=
+      - LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=
+
+EOF
+}
+
+render_compose_server() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+  netbird-server:
+    <<: *default
+    image: ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server-cloud:${NETBIRD_SERVER_TAG}
+    container_name: netbird-server
+    networks: [netbird]
+    depends_on:
+      dashboard:
+        condition: service_started
+      postgres:
+        condition: service_healthy
+    ports:
+      - '3478:3478/udp'
+    volumes:
+      - netbird_data:/var/lib/netbird
+      - ./config.yaml:/etc/netbird/config.yaml
+    command: ["--config", "/etc/netbird/config.yaml"]
+    labels:
+      - traefik.enable=true
+      # Signal + Management gRPC (needs an h2c backend for HTTP/2 cleartext)
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.rule=Host(`${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}`) && (PathPrefix(`/signalexchange.SignalExchange/`) || PathPrefix(`/management.ManagementService/`) || PathPrefix(`/management.ProxyService/`))
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.entrypoints=websecure
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.tls=true
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.middlewares=nb-security@docker
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.service=netbird-server-h2c
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.priority=100
+      # Relay WebSocket, management API, and the embedded IdP
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-backend.rule=Host(`${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}`) && (PathPrefix(`/relay`) || PathPrefix(`/ws-proxy/`) || PathPrefix(`/api`) || PathPrefix(`/oauth2`))
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-backend.entrypoints=websecure
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-backend.tls=true
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-backend.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-backend.middlewares=nb-security@docker
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-backend.service=netbird-server
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-backend.priority=100
+      # Services
+      - traefik.http.services.netbird-server.loadbalancer.server.port=80
+      - traefik.http.services.netbird-server-h2c.loadbalancer.server.port=80
+      - traefik.http.services.netbird-server-h2c.loadbalancer.server.scheme=h2c
+    environment:
+      - NB_LICENSE_KEY=${NETBIRD_LICENSE_KEY}
+      - NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL=${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL}
+
+EOF
+}
+
+render_compose_flow() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+  nats:
+    <<: *default
+    image: nats:2
+    container_name: netbird-nats
+    networks: [netbird]
+    volumes:
+      - netbird_nats_data:/data
+    command: ["-m", "8222", "--jetstream", "--store_dir", "/data"]
+
+  enricher:
+    <<: *default
+    image: ghcr.io/netbirdio/flow-enricher-cloud:${NETBIRD_ENRICHER_TAG}
+    container_name: netbird-enricher
+    networks: [netbird]
+    depends_on:
+      postgres:
+        condition: service_healthy
+      nats:
+        condition: service_started
+    volumes:
+      - netbird_enricher:/var/lib/netbird
+    environment:
+      - NB_LICENSE_KEY=${NETBIRD_LICENSE_KEY}
+      - NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL=${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL}
+      - NB_DATADIR=/var/lib/netbird
+      - NB_MANAGEMENT_STORE_ENGINE=postgres
+      - NB_MANAGEMENT_POSTGRES_DSN=${NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN}
+      - NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN=${NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN}
+      - NB_TRAFFIC_EVENT_POSTGRES_DSN=${NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN}
+      - NB_TRAFFIC_EVENT_STORE_ENGINE=postgres
+      - NB_MANAGEMENT_STORE_KEY=${NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
+      - NB_FLOW_ADAPTER_TYPE=nats
+      - NB_FLOW_NATS_ENDPOINTS=nats://nats:4222
+      - NB_FLOW_NATS_STREAM=traffic-events
+      - NB_METRICS_PORT=9091
+      - NB_PERSISTENCE_RETENTION_PERIOD=168h
+
+  receiver:
+    <<: *default
+    image: ghcr.io/netbirdio/flow-receiver-cloud:${NETBIRD_RECEIVER_TAG}
+    container_name: netbird-receiver
+    networks: [netbird]
+    depends_on:
+      nats:
+        condition: service_started
+    environment:
+      - NB_LICENSE_KEY=${NETBIRD_LICENSE_KEY}
+      - NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL=${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL}
+      - NB_FLOW_LISTEN_PORT=80
+      - NB_FLOW_ADAPTER_TYPE=nats
+      - NB_FLOW_NATS_ENDPOINTS=nats://nats:4222
+      - NB_FLOW_NATS_STREAM=traffic-events
+      - NB_FLOW_AUTH_SECRET=${NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET}
+    labels:
+      - traefik.enable=true
+      # Flow receiver gRPC (h2c backend)
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.rule=Host(`${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}`) && PathPrefix(`/flow.FlowService/`)
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.entrypoints=websecure
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.tls=true
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.middlewares=nb-security@docker
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.service=netbird-flow-h2c
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.priority=100
+      - traefik.http.services.netbird-flow-h2c.loadbalancer.server.port=80
+      - traefik.http.services.netbird-flow-h2c.loadbalancer.server.scheme=h2c
+
+EOF
+}
+
+render_compose_postgres() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+  postgres:
+    <<: *default
+    image: postgres:17
+    container_name: netbird-postgres
+    networks: [netbird]
+    environment:
+      - POSTGRES_USER=${POSTGRES_USER}
+      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
+      - POSTGRES_DB=${POSTGRES_DB}
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U ${POSTGRES_USER} -d ${POSTGRES_DB}"]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 10
+    volumes:
+      - netbird_postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+
+EOF
+}
+
+render_compose_footer() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+volumes:
+  netbird_data:
+EOF
+  if [[ "$NETBIRD_TRAFFIC_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+    cat <<'EOF'
+  netbird_nats_data:
+  netbird_enricher:
+EOF
+  fi
+  cat <<'EOF'
+  netbird_postgres:
+  netbird_traefik_letsencrypt:
+
+networks:
+  netbird:
+    name: netbird
+    driver: bridge
+    ipam:
+      config:
+        - subnet: 172.30.0.0/24
+          gateway: 172.30.0.1
+EOF
+}
+
+render_config_yaml() {
+  cat <<EOF
+# NetBird Enterprise server configuration.
+# Generated by getting-started-enterprise.sh. Mode 600.
+
+server:
+  listenAddress: ":80"
+  exposedAddress: "https://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}:443"
+
+  metricsPort: 9090
+  healthcheckAddress: ":9000"
+
+  logLevel: "info"
+  logFile: "console"
+
+  # TLS is terminated by Traefik in front; leave this block empty.
+  tls:
+    certFile: ""
+    keyFile: ""
+    letsencrypt:
+      enabled: false
+
+  authSecret: "${NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET}"
+  dataDir: "/var/lib/netbird/"
+
+  disableAnonymousMetrics: false
+  disableGeoliteUpdate: false
+
+  auth:
+    issuer: "https://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}/oauth2"
+    localAuthDisabled: false
+    signKeyRefreshEnabled: false
+    sessionCookieEncryptionKey: "${NETBIRD_SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY}"
+    dashboardRedirectURIs:
+      - "https://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}/nb-auth"
+      - "https://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}/nb-silent-auth"
+    cliRedirectURIs:
+      - "http://localhost:53000/"
+
+  # Trust X-Forwarded-* only from the Traefik container's static address. Both
+  # keys must stay in step with the ipv4_address pinned in docker-compose.yml:
+  # trustedPeers decides whether forwarded headers are read at all, and leaving
+  # it unset falls back to 0.0.0.0/0.
+  reverseProxy:
+    trustedPeers:
+      - "${TRAEFIK_IP}/32"
+    trustedHTTPProxies:
+      - "${TRAEFIK_IP}/32"
+
+  store:
+    engine: "postgres"
+    dsn: "${POSTGRES_DSN}"
+    encryptionKey: "${NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY}"
+
+  activityStore:
+    engine: "postgres"
+    dsn: "${POSTGRES_DSN}"
+EOF
+
+  if [[ "$NETBIRD_TRAFFIC_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+    cat <<EOF
+
+  trafficFlow:
+    enabled: true
+    address: "https://${NETBIRD_DOMAIN}:443"
+    interval: "60s"
+EOF
+  fi
+}
+
+init_environment
diff --git a/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh b/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh
index 5e605f19c..a9be19eb3 100755
--- a/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh
+++ b/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-dex.sh
@@ -1,557 +1,19 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-set -e
+cat >&2 <<'EOF'
+ERROR: This legacy installation script has been retired and no longer runs.
 
-# NetBird Getting Started with Dex IDP
-# This script sets up NetBird with Dex as the identity provider
+Dex support is not deprecated. For new deployments, use getting-started.sh:
 
-# Sed pattern to strip base64 padding characters
-SED_STRIP_PADDING='s/=//g'
+https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart
 
-check_docker_compose() {
-  if command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null
-  then
-      echo "docker-compose"
-      return
-  fi
-  if docker compose --help &> /dev/null
-  then
-      echo "docker compose"
-      return
-  fi
+The current installer includes NetBird's embedded Dex-based identity provider.
+Local users and external identity providers can be managed through the
+NetBird Dashboard:
 
-  echo "docker-compose is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/" > /dev/stderr
-  exit 1
-}
+https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/local
 
-check_jq() {
-  if ! command -v jq &> /dev/null
-  then
-    echo "jq is not installed or not in PATH, please install with your package manager. e.g. sudo apt install jq" > /dev/stderr
-    exit 1
-  fi
-  return 0
-}
-
-get_main_ip_address() {
-  if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
-    interface=$(route -n get default | grep 'interface:' | awk '{print $2}')
-    ip_address=$(ifconfig "$interface" | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}')
-  else
-    interface=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $5}' | head -n 1)
-    ip_address=$(ip addr show "$interface" | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'/' -f1)
-  fi
-
-  echo "$ip_address"
-  return 0
-}
-
-check_nb_domain() {
-  DOMAIN=$1
-  if [[ "$DOMAIN-x" == "-x" ]]; then
-    echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN variable cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
-    return 1
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "$DOMAIN" == "netbird.example.com" ]]; then
-    echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN cannot be netbird.example.com" > /dev/stderr
-    return 1
-  fi
-  return 0
-}
-
-read_nb_domain() {
-  READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN=""
-  echo -n "Enter the domain you want to use for NetBird (e.g. netbird.my-domain.com): " > /dev/stderr
-  read -r READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN < /dev/tty
-  if ! check_nb_domain "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
-    read_nb_domain
-  fi
-  echo "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-  return 0
-}
-
-get_turn_external_ip() {
-  TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG="#external-ip="
-  IP=$(curl -s -4 https://jsonip.com | jq -r '.ip')
-  if [[ "x-$IP" != "x-" ]]; then
-    TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG="external-ip=$IP"
-  fi
-  echo "$TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG"
-  return 0
-}
-
-wait_dex() {
-  set +e
-  echo -n "Waiting for Dex to become ready (via $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN)"
-  counter=1
-  while true; do
-    # Check Dex through Caddy proxy (also validates TLS is working)
-    if curl -sk -f -o /dev/null "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/.well-known/openid-configuration" 2>/dev/null; then
-      break
-    fi
-    if [[ $counter -eq 60 ]]; then
-      echo ""
-      echo "Taking too long. Checking logs..."
-      $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 caddy
-      $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 dex
-    fi
-    echo -n " ."
-    sleep 2
-    counter=$((counter + 1))
-  done
-  echo " done"
-  set -e
-  return 0
-}
-
-init_environment() {
-  CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN=""
-  NETBIRD_PORT=80
-  NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL="http"
-  NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO="rel"
-  TURN_USER="self"
-  TURN_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
-  NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
-  TURN_MIN_PORT=49152
-  TURN_MAX_PORT=65535
-  TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG=$(get_turn_external_ip)
-
-  # Generate secrets for Dex
-  DEX_DASHBOARD_CLIENT_SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
-
-  # Generate admin password
-  NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 16 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
-
-  if ! check_nb_domain "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
-    NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(read_nb_domain)
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" == "use-ip" ]]; then
-    NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(get_main_ip_address)
-  else
-    NETBIRD_PORT=443
-    CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN=", $NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"
-    NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL="https"
-    NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO="rels"
-  fi
-
-  check_jq
-
-  DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND=$(check_docker_compose)
-
-  if [[ -f dex.yaml ]]; then
-    echo "Generated files already exist, if you want to reinitialize the environment, please remove them first."
-    echo "You can use the following commands:"
-    echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND down --volumes # to remove all containers and volumes"
-    echo "  rm -f docker-compose.yml Caddyfile dex.yaml dashboard.env turnserver.conf management.json relay.env"
-    echo "Be aware that this will remove all data from the database, and you will have to reconfigure the dashboard."
-    exit 1
-  fi
-
-  echo Rendering initial files...
-  render_docker_compose > docker-compose.yml
-  render_caddyfile > Caddyfile
-  render_dex_config > dex.yaml
-  render_dashboard_env > dashboard.env
-  render_management_json > management.json
-  render_turn_server_conf > turnserver.conf
-  render_relay_env > relay.env
-
-  echo -e "\nStarting Dex IDP\n"
-  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d caddy dex
-
-  # Wait for Dex to be ready (through caddy proxy)
-  sleep 3
-  wait_dex
-
-  echo -e "\nStarting NetBird services\n"
-  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d
-
-  echo -e "\nDone!\n"
-  echo "You can access the NetBird dashboard at $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-  echo ""
-  echo "Login with the following credentials:"
-  install -m 600 /dev/null .env
-  printf 'Email: admin@%s\nPassword: %s\n' \
-      "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" "$NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD" >> .env
-  echo "Email: admin@$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-  echo "Password: $NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD"
-  echo ""
-  echo "Dex admin UI is not available (Dex has no built-in UI)."
-  echo "To add more users, edit dex.yaml and restart: $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND restart dex"
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_caddyfile() {
-  cat <<EOF
-{
-  debug
-  servers :80,:443 {
-    protocols h1 h2c h2 h3
-  }
-}
-
-(security_headers) {
-    header * {
-        Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=3600; includeSubDomains; preload"
-        X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
-        X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
-        X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
-        -Server
-        Referrer-Policy strict-origin-when-cross-origin
-    }
-}
-
-:80${CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN} {
-    import security_headers
-    # Relay
-    reverse_proxy /relay* relay:80
-    # Signal
-    reverse_proxy /signalexchange.SignalExchange/* h2c://signal:10000
-    # Management
-    reverse_proxy /api/* management:80
-    reverse_proxy /management.ManagementService/* h2c://management:80
-    # Dex
-    reverse_proxy /dex/* dex:5556
-    # Dashboard
-    reverse_proxy /* dashboard:80
-}
+This compatibility notice will be removed in NetBird v0.80.
 EOF
-  return 0
-}
 
-render_dex_config() {
-  # Generate bcrypt hash of the admin password
-  # Using a simple approach - htpasswd or python if available
-  ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH=""
-  if command -v htpasswd &> /dev/null; then
-    ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH=$(htpasswd -bnBC 10 "" "$NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD" | tr -d ':\n')
-  elif command -v python3 &> /dev/null; then
-    ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH=$(python3 -c "import bcrypt; print(bcrypt.hashpw('$NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD'.encode(), bcrypt.gensalt(rounds=10)).decode())" 2>/dev/null || echo "")
-  fi
-
-  # Fallback to a known hash if we can't generate one
-  if [[ -z "$ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH" ]]; then
-    # This is hash of "password" - user should change it
-    ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH='$2a$10$2b2cU8CPhOTaGrs1HRQuAueS7JTT5ZHsHSzYiFPm1leZck7Mc8T4W'
-    NETBIRD_ADMIN_PASSWORD="password"
-    echo "Warning: Could not generate password hash. Using default password: password. Please change it in dex.yaml" > /dev/stderr
-  fi
-
-  cat <<EOF
-# Dex configuration for NetBird
-# Generated by getting-started-with-dex.sh
-
-issuer: $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex
-
-storage:
-  type: sqlite3
-  config:
-    file: /var/dex/dex.db
-
-web:
-  http: 0.0.0.0:5556
-
-# gRPC API for user management (used by NetBird IDP manager)
-grpc:
-  addr: 0.0.0.0:5557
-
-oauth2:
-  skipApprovalScreen: true
-
-# Static OAuth2 clients for NetBird
-staticClients:
-  # Dashboard client
-  - id: netbird-dashboard
-    name: NetBird Dashboard
-    secret: $DEX_DASHBOARD_CLIENT_SECRET
-    redirectURIs:
-      - $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/nb-auth
-      - $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/nb-silent-auth
-
-  # CLI client (public - uses PKCE)
-  - id: netbird-cli
-    name: NetBird CLI
-    public: true
-    redirectURIs:
-      - http://localhost:53000/
-      - http://localhost:54000/
-
-# Enable password database for static users
-enablePasswordDB: true
-
-# Static users - add more users here as needed
-staticPasswords:
-  - email: "admin@$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-    hash: "$ADMIN_PASSWORD_HASH"
-    username: "admin"
-    userID: "$(uuidgen 2>/dev/null || cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid 2>/dev/null || echo "admin-user-id-001")"
-
-# Optional: Add external identity provider connectors
-# connectors:
-#   - type: github
-#     id: github
-#     name: GitHub
-#     config:
-#       clientID: \$GITHUB_CLIENT_ID
-#       clientSecret: \$GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET
-#       redirectURI: $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/callback
-#
-#   - type: ldap
-#     id: ldap
-#     name: LDAP
-#     config:
-#       host: ldap.example.com:636
-#       insecureNoSSL: false
-#       bindDN: cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com
-#       bindPW: admin
-#       userSearch:
-#         baseDN: ou=users,dc=example,dc=com
-#         filter: "(objectClass=person)"
-#         username: uid
-#         idAttr: uid
-#         emailAttr: mail
-#         nameAttr: cn
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_turn_server_conf() {
-  cat <<EOF
-listening-port=3478
-$TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG
-tls-listening-port=5349
-min-port=$TURN_MIN_PORT
-max-port=$TURN_MAX_PORT
-fingerprint
-lt-cred-mech
-user=$TURN_USER:$TURN_PASSWORD
-realm=wiretrustee.com
-cert=/etc/coturn/certs/cert.pem
-pkey=/etc/coturn/private/privkey.pem
-log-file=stdout
-no-software-attribute
-pidfile="/var/tmp/turnserver.pid"
-no-cli
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_management_json() {
-  cat <<EOF
-{
-    "Stuns": [
-        {
-            "Proto": "udp",
-            "URI": "stun:$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:3478"
-        }
-    ],
-    "Relay": {
-        "Addresses": ["$NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"],
-        "CredentialsTTL": "24h",
-        "Secret": "$NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET"
-    },
-    "Signal": {
-        "Proto": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL",
-        "URI": "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"
-    },
-    "HttpConfig": {
-        "AuthIssuer": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex",
-        "AuthAudience": "netbird-dashboard",
-        "OIDCConfigEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/.well-known/openid-configuration"
-    },
-    "IdpManagerConfig": {
-        "ManagerType": "dex",
-        "ClientConfig": {
-            "Issuer": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex"
-        },
-        "ExtraConfig": {
-            "GRPCAddr": "dex:5557"
-        }
-    },
-    "DeviceAuthorizationFlow": {
-        "Provider": "hosted",
-        "ProviderConfig": {
-            "Audience": "netbird-cli",
-            "ClientID": "netbird-cli",
-            "Scope": "openid profile email offline_access",
-            "DeviceAuthEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/device/code",
-            "TokenEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex/token"
-        }
-    },
-    "PKCEAuthorizationFlow": {
-        "ProviderConfig": {
-            "Audience": "netbird-cli",
-            "ClientID": "netbird-cli",
-            "Scope": "openid profile email offline_access",
-            "RedirectURLs": ["http://localhost:53000/", "http://localhost:54000/"]
-        }
-    }
-}
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_dashboard_env() {
-  cat <<EOF
-# Endpoints
-NETBIRD_MGMT_API_ENDPOINT=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
-NETBIRD_MGMT_GRPC_API_ENDPOINT=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
-# OIDC
-AUTH_AUDIENCE=netbird-dashboard
-AUTH_CLIENT_ID=netbird-dashboard
-AUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=$DEX_DASHBOARD_CLIENT_SECRET
-AUTH_AUTHORITY=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/dex
-USE_AUTH0=false
-AUTH_SUPPORTED_SCOPES=openid profile email offline_access
-AUTH_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-auth
-AUTH_SILENT_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-silent-auth
-# SSL
-NGINX_SSL_PORT=443
-# Letsencrypt
-LETSENCRYPT_DOMAIN=none
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_relay_env() {
-  cat <<EOF
-NB_LOG_LEVEL=info
-NB_LISTEN_ADDRESS=:80
-NB_EXPOSED_ADDRESS=$NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT
-NB_AUTH_SECRET=$NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-render_docker_compose() {
-  cat <<EOF
-services:
-  # Caddy reverse proxy
-  caddy:
-    image: caddy
-    container_name: netbird-caddy
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    ports:
-      - '443:443'
-      - '443:443/udp'
-      - '80:80'
-    volumes:
-      - netbird_caddy_data:/data
-      - ./Caddyfile:/etc/caddy/Caddyfile
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Dex - identity provider
-  dex:
-    image: ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.38.0
-    container_name: netbird-dex
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    volumes:
-      - ./dex.yaml:/etc/dex/config.docker.yaml:ro
-      - netbird_dex_data:/var/dex
-    command: ["dex", "serve", "/etc/dex/config.docker.yaml"]
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # UI dashboard
-  dashboard:
-    image: netbirdio/dashboard:latest
-    container_name: netbird-dashboard
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    env_file:
-      - ./dashboard.env
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Signal
-  signal:
-    image: netbirdio/signal:latest
-    container_name: netbird-signal
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Relay
-  relay:
-    image: netbirdio/relay:latest
-    container_name: netbird-relay
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    env_file:
-      - ./relay.env
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Management
-  management:
-    image: netbirdio/management:latest
-    container_name: netbird-management
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    volumes:
-      - netbird_management:/var/lib/netbird
-      - ./management.json:/etc/netbird/management.json
-    command: [
-      "--port", "80",
-      "--log-file", "console",
-      "--log-level", "info",
-      "--disable-anonymous-metrics=false",
-      "--single-account-mode-domain=netbird.selfhosted",
-      "--dns-domain=netbird.selfhosted",
-      "--idp-sign-key-refresh-enabled",
-    ]
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-  # Coturn, AKA TURN server
-  coturn:
-    image: coturn/coturn
-    container_name: netbird-coturn
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    volumes:
-      - ./turnserver.conf:/etc/turnserver.conf:ro
-    network_mode: host
-    command:
-      - -c /etc/turnserver.conf
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-volumes:
-  netbird_caddy_data:
-  netbird_dex_data:
-  netbird_management:
-
-networks:
-  netbird:
-EOF
-  return 0
-}
-
-init_environment
+exit 1
diff --git a/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh b/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
index f503cbeac..e026c1dc7 100644
--- a/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
+++ b/infrastructure_files/getting-started-with-zitadel.sh
@@ -1,993 +1,26 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-set -e
+cat >&2 <<'EOF'
+ERROR: This legacy installation script has been retired and no longer runs.
 
-handle_request_command_status() {
-  PARSED_RESPONSE=$1
-  FUNCTION_NAME=$2
-  RESPONSE=$3
-  if [[ $PARSED_RESPONSE -ne 0 ]]; then
-    echo "ERROR calling $FUNCTION_NAME:" $(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.message') > /dev/stderr
-    exit 1
-  fi
-}
+Zitadel support and existing Zitadel deployments are not deprecated.
 
-handle_zitadel_request_response() {
-  PARSED_RESPONSE=$1
-  FUNCTION_NAME=$2
-  RESPONSE=$3
-  if [[ $PARSED_RESPONSE == "null" ]]; then
-    echo "ERROR calling $FUNCTION_NAME:" $(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.message') > /dev/stderr
-    exit 1
-  fi
-  sleep 1
-}
+For new deployments, use getting-started.sh:
 
-check_docker_compose() {
-  if command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null
-  then
-      echo "docker-compose"
-      return
-  fi
-  if docker compose --help &> /dev/null
-  then
-      echo "docker compose"
-      return
-  fi
+https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-quickstart
 
-  echo "docker-compose is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/" > /dev/stderr
-  exit 1
-}
+The current installer includes NetBird's embedded Dex-based identity provider.
+Zitadel can be added as an external identity provider directly through the
+NetBird Dashboard:
 
-check_jq() {
-  if ! command -v jq &> /dev/null
-  then
-    echo "jq is not installed or not in PATH, please install with your package manager. e.g. sudo apt install jq" > /dev/stderr
-    exit 1
-  fi
-}
+https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/identity-providers/zitadel
 
-wait_crdb() {
-  set +e
-  while true; do
-    if $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND exec -T zdb curl -sf -o /dev/null 'http://localhost:8080/health?ready=1'; then
-      break
-    fi
-    echo -n " ."
-    sleep 5
-  done
-  echo " done"
-  set -e
-}
+Standalone Zitadel and other custom identity-provider deployments remain
+supported through the advanced guide:
 
-init_crdb() {
-  if [[ $ZITADEL_DATABASE == "cockroach" ]]; then
-    echo -e "\nInitializing Zitadel's CockroachDB\n\n"
-    $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d zdb
-    echo ""
-    # shellcheck disable=SC2028
-    echo -n "Waiting CockroachDB to become ready"
-    wait_crdb
-    $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND exec -T zdb /bin/bash -c "cp /cockroach/certs/* /zitadel-certs/ && cockroach cert create-client --overwrite --certs-dir /zitadel-certs/ --ca-key /zitadel-certs/ca.key zitadel_user && chown -R 1000:1000 /zitadel-certs/"
-    handle_request_command_status $? "init_crdb failed" ""
-  fi
-}
+https://docs.netbird.io/selfhosted/selfhosted-guide
 
-get_main_ip_address() {
-  if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
-    interface=$(route -n get default | grep 'interface:' | awk '{print $2}')
-    ip_address=$(ifconfig "$interface" | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}')
-  else
-    interface=$(ip route | grep default | awk '{print $5}' | head -n 1)
-    ip_address=$(ip addr show "$interface" | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d'/' -f1)
-  fi
-
-  echo "$ip_address"
-}
-
-wait_pat() {
-  PAT_PATH=$1
-  set +e
-  while true; do
-    if [[ -f "$PAT_PATH" ]]; then
-      break
-    fi
-    echo -n " ."
-    sleep 1
-  done
-  echo " done"
-  set -e
-}
-
-wait_api() {
-    INSTANCE_URL=$1
-    PAT=$2
-    set +e
-    counter=1
-    while true; do
-      FLAGS="-s"
-      if [[ $counter -eq 45 ]]; then
-        FLAGS="-v"
-        echo ""
-      fi
-
-      curl $FLAGS --fail --connect-timeout 1 -o /dev/null "$INSTANCE_URL/auth/v1/users/me" -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT"
-      if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
-        break
-      fi
-      if [[ $counter -eq 45 ]]; then
-        echo ""
-        echo "Unable to connect to Zitadel for more than 45s, please check the output above, your firewall rules and the caddy container logs to confirm if there are any issues provisioning TLS certificates"
-      fi
-      echo -n " ."
-      sleep 1
-      counter=$((counter + 1))
-    done
-    echo " done"
-    set -e
-}
-
-create_new_project() {
-  INSTANCE_URL=$1
-  PAT=$2
-  PROJECT_NAME="NETBIRD"
-
-  RESPONSE=$(
-    curl -sS -X POST "$INSTANCE_URL/management/v1/projects" \
-      -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-      -d '{"name": "'"$PROJECT_NAME"'"}'
-  )
-  PARSED_RESPONSE=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.id')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$PARSED_RESPONSE" "create_new_project" "$RESPONSE"
-  echo "$PARSED_RESPONSE"
-}
-
-create_new_application() {
-  INSTANCE_URL=$1
-  PAT=$2
-  APPLICATION_NAME=$3
-  BASE_REDIRECT_URL1=$4
-  BASE_REDIRECT_URL2=$5
-  LOGOUT_URL=$6
-  ZITADEL_DEV_MODE=$7
-  DEVICE_CODE=$8
-
-  if [[ $DEVICE_CODE == "true" ]]; then
-    GRANT_TYPES='["OIDC_GRANT_TYPE_AUTHORIZATION_CODE","OIDC_GRANT_TYPE_DEVICE_CODE","OIDC_GRANT_TYPE_REFRESH_TOKEN"]'
-  else
-    GRANT_TYPES='["OIDC_GRANT_TYPE_AUTHORIZATION_CODE","OIDC_GRANT_TYPE_REFRESH_TOKEN"]'
-  fi
-
-  RESPONSE=$(
-    curl -sS -X POST "$INSTANCE_URL/management/v1/projects/$PROJECT_ID/apps/oidc" \
-      -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-      -d '{
-    "name": "'"$APPLICATION_NAME"'",
-    "redirectUris": [
-      "'"$BASE_REDIRECT_URL1"'",
-      "'"$BASE_REDIRECT_URL2"'"
-    ],
-    "postLogoutRedirectUris": [
-      "'"$LOGOUT_URL"'"
-    ],
-    "RESPONSETypes": [
-      "OIDC_RESPONSE_TYPE_CODE"
-    ],
-    "grantTypes": '"$GRANT_TYPES"',
-    "appType": "OIDC_APP_TYPE_USER_AGENT",
-    "authMethodType": "OIDC_AUTH_METHOD_TYPE_NONE",
-    "version": "OIDC_VERSION_1_0",
-    "devMode": '"$ZITADEL_DEV_MODE"',
-    "accessTokenType": "OIDC_TOKEN_TYPE_JWT",
-    "accessTokenRoleAssertion": true,
-    "skipNativeAppSuccessPage": true
-  }'
-  )
-
-  PARSED_RESPONSE=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.clientId')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$PARSED_RESPONSE" "create_new_application" "$RESPONSE"
-  echo "$PARSED_RESPONSE"
-}
-
-create_service_user() {
-  INSTANCE_URL=$1
-  PAT=$2
-
-  RESPONSE=$(
-    curl -sS -X POST "$INSTANCE_URL/management/v1/users/machine" \
-      -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-      -d '{
-            "userName": "netbird-service-account",
-            "name": "Netbird Service Account",
-            "description": "Netbird Service Account for IDP management",
-            "accessTokenType": "ACCESS_TOKEN_TYPE_JWT"
-      }'
-  )
-  PARSED_RESPONSE=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.userId')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$PARSED_RESPONSE" "create_service_user" "$RESPONSE"
-  echo "$PARSED_RESPONSE"
-}
-
-create_service_user_secret() {
-  INSTANCE_URL=$1
-  PAT=$2
-  USER_ID=$3
-
-  RESPONSE=$(
-    curl -sS -X PUT "$INSTANCE_URL/management/v1/users/$USER_ID/secret" \
-      -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-      -d '{}'
-  )
-  SERVICE_USER_CLIENT_ID=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.clientId')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$SERVICE_USER_CLIENT_ID" "create_service_user_secret_id" "$RESPONSE"
-  SERVICE_USER_CLIENT_SECRET=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.clientSecret')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$SERVICE_USER_CLIENT_SECRET" "create_service_user_secret" "$RESPONSE"
-}
-
-add_organization_user_manager() {
-  INSTANCE_URL=$1
-  PAT=$2
-  USER_ID=$3
-
-  RESPONSE=$(
-    curl -sS -X POST "$INSTANCE_URL/management/v1/orgs/me/members" \
-      -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-      -d '{
-            "userId": "'"$USER_ID"'",
-            "roles": [
-              "ORG_USER_MANAGER"
-            ]
-      }'
-  )
-  PARSED_RESPONSE=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.details.creationDate')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$PARSED_RESPONSE" "add_organization_user_manager" "$RESPONSE"
-  echo "$PARSED_RESPONSE"
-}
-
-create_admin_user() {
-    INSTANCE_URL=$1
-    PAT=$2
-    USERNAME=$3
-    PASSWORD=$4
-    RESPONSE=$(
-        curl -sS -X POST "$INSTANCE_URL/management/v1/users/human/_import" \
-          -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-          -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-          -d '{
-                "userName": "'"$USERNAME"'",
-                "profile": {
-                  "firstName": "Zitadel",
-                  "lastName": "Admin"
-                },
-                "email": {
-                  "email": "'"$USERNAME"'",
-                  "isEmailVerified": true
-                },
-                "password": "'"$PASSWORD"'",
-                "passwordChangeRequired": true
-          }'
-      )
-      PARSED_RESPONSE=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.userId')
-      handle_zitadel_request_response "$PARSED_RESPONSE" "create_admin_user" "$RESPONSE"
-      echo "$PARSED_RESPONSE"
-}
-
-add_instance_admin() {
-  INSTANCE_URL=$1
-  PAT=$2
-  USER_ID=$3
-
-  RESPONSE=$(
-    curl -sS -X POST "$INSTANCE_URL/admin/v1/members" \
-      -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-      -d '{
-            "userId": "'"$USER_ID"'",
-            "roles": [
-              "IAM_OWNER"
-            ]
-      }'
-  )
-  PARSED_RESPONSE=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.details.creationDate')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$PARSED_RESPONSE" "add_instance_admin" "$RESPONSE"
-  echo "$PARSED_RESPONSE"
-}
-
-delete_auto_service_user() {
-  INSTANCE_URL=$1
-  PAT=$2
-
-  RESPONSE=$(
-    curl -sS -X GET "$INSTANCE_URL/auth/v1/users/me" \
-      -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  )
-  USER_ID=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.user.id')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$USER_ID" "delete_auto_service_user_get_user" "$RESPONSE"
-
-  RESPONSE=$(
-      curl -sS -X DELETE "$INSTANCE_URL/admin/v1/members/$USER_ID" \
-        -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-        -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  )
-  PARSED_RESPONSE=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.details.changeDate')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$PARSED_RESPONSE" "delete_auto_service_user_remove_instance_permissions" "$RESPONSE"
-
-  RESPONSE=$(
-      curl -sS -X DELETE "$INSTANCE_URL/management/v1/orgs/me/members/$USER_ID" \
-        -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-        -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-  )
-  PARSED_RESPONSE=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.details.changeDate')
-  handle_zitadel_request_response "$PARSED_RESPONSE" "delete_auto_service_user_remove_org_permissions" "$RESPONSE"
-  echo "$PARSED_RESPONSE"
-}
-
-delete_default_zitadel_admin() {
-  INSTANCE_URL=$1
-  PAT=$2
-
-  # Search for the default zitadel-admin user
-  RESPONSE=$(
-    curl -sS -X POST "$INSTANCE_URL/management/v1/users/_search" \
-      -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-      -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-      -d '{
-        "queries": [
-          {
-            "userNameQuery": {
-              "userName": "zitadel-admin@",
-              "method": "TEXT_QUERY_METHOD_STARTS_WITH"
-            }
-          }
-        ]
-      }'
-  )
-  
-  DEFAULT_ADMIN_ID=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.result[0].id // empty')
-  
-  if [ -n "$DEFAULT_ADMIN_ID" ] && [ "$DEFAULT_ADMIN_ID" != "null" ]; then
-    echo "Found default zitadel-admin user with ID: $DEFAULT_ADMIN_ID"
-
-    RESPONSE=$(
-        curl -sS -X DELETE "$INSTANCE_URL/management/v1/users/$DEFAULT_ADMIN_ID" \
-          -H "Authorization: Bearer $PAT" \
-          -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-    )
-    PARSED_RESPONSE=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.details.changeDate // "deleted"')
-    handle_zitadel_request_response "$PARSED_RESPONSE" "delete_default_zitadel_admin" "$RESPONSE"
-
-  else
-    echo "Default zitadel-admin user not found: $RESPONSE"
-  fi
-}
-
-init_zitadel() {
-  echo -e "\nInitializing Zitadel with NetBird's applications\n"
-  INSTANCE_URL="$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-
-  TOKEN_PATH=./machinekey/zitadel-admin-sa.token
-
-  echo -n "Waiting for Zitadel's PAT to be created "
-  wait_pat "$TOKEN_PATH"
-  echo "Reading Zitadel PAT"
-  PAT=$(cat $TOKEN_PATH)
-  if [ "$PAT" = "null" ]; then
-    echo "Failed requesting getting Zitadel PAT"
-    exit 1
-  fi
-
-  echo -n "Waiting for Zitadel to become ready "
-  wait_api "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT"
-
-  echo "Deleting default zitadel-admin user..."
-  delete_default_zitadel_admin "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT"
-
-  #  create the zitadel project
-  echo "Creating new zitadel project"
-  PROJECT_ID=$(create_new_project "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT")
-
-  ZITADEL_DEV_MODE=false
-  BASE_REDIRECT_URL=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
-  if [[ $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL == "http" ]]; then
-    ZITADEL_DEV_MODE=true
-  fi
-
-  # create zitadel spa applications
-  echo "Creating new Zitadel SPA Dashboard application"
-  DASHBOARD_APPLICATION_CLIENT_ID=$(create_new_application "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT" "Dashboard" "$BASE_REDIRECT_URL/nb-auth" "$BASE_REDIRECT_URL/nb-silent-auth" "$BASE_REDIRECT_URL/" "$ZITADEL_DEV_MODE" "false")
-
-  echo "Creating new Zitadel SPA Cli application"
-  CLI_APPLICATION_CLIENT_ID=$(create_new_application "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT" "Cli" "http://localhost:53000/" "http://localhost:54000/" "http://localhost:53000/" "true" "true")
-
-  MACHINE_USER_ID=$(create_service_user "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT")
-
-  SERVICE_USER_CLIENT_ID="null"
-  SERVICE_USER_CLIENT_SECRET="null"
-
-  create_service_user_secret "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT" "$MACHINE_USER_ID"
-
-  DATE=$(add_organization_user_manager "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT" "$MACHINE_USER_ID")
-
-  ZITADEL_ADMIN_USERNAME="admin@$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-  ZITADEL_ADMIN_PASSWORD="$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed 's/=//g')@"
-
-  HUMAN_USER_ID=$(create_admin_user "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT" "$ZITADEL_ADMIN_USERNAME" "$ZITADEL_ADMIN_PASSWORD")
-
-  DATE="null"
-
-  DATE=$(add_instance_admin "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT" "$HUMAN_USER_ID")
-
-  DATE="null"
-  DATE=$(delete_auto_service_user "$INSTANCE_URL" "$PAT")
-  if [ "$DATE" = "null" ]; then
-      echo "Failed deleting auto service user"
-      echo "Please remove it manually"
-  fi
-
-  export NETBIRD_AUTH_CLIENT_ID=$DASHBOARD_APPLICATION_CLIENT_ID
-  export NETBIRD_AUTH_CLIENT_ID_CLI=$CLI_APPLICATION_CLIENT_ID
-  export NETBIRD_IDP_MGMT_CLIENT_ID=$SERVICE_USER_CLIENT_ID
-  export NETBIRD_IDP_MGMT_CLIENT_SECRET=$SERVICE_USER_CLIENT_SECRET
-  export ZITADEL_ADMIN_USERNAME
-  export ZITADEL_ADMIN_PASSWORD
-}
-
-check_nb_domain() {
-  DOMAIN=$1
-  if [ "$DOMAIN-x" == "-x" ]; then
-    echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN variable cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
-    return 1
-  fi
-
-  if [ "$DOMAIN" == "netbird.example.com" ]; then
-    echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN cannot be netbird.example.com" > /dev/stderr
-    return 1
-  fi
-  return 0
-}
-
-read_nb_domain() {
-  READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN=""
-  echo -n "Enter the domain you want to use for NetBird (e.g. netbird.my-domain.com): " > /dev/stderr
-  read -r READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN < /dev/tty
-  if ! check_nb_domain "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
-    read_nb_domain
-  fi
-  echo "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-}
-
-get_turn_external_ip() {
-  TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG="#external-ip="
-  IP=$(curl -s -4 https://jsonip.com | jq -r '.ip')
-  if [[ "x-$IP" != "x-" ]]; then
-    TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG="external-ip=$IP"
-  fi
-  echo "$TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG"
-}
-
-initEnvironment() {
-  CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN=""
-  ZITADEL_EXTERNALSECURE="false"
-  ZITADEL_TLS_MODE="disabled"
-  ZITADEL_MASTERKEY="$(openssl rand -base64 32 | head -c 32)"
-  NETBIRD_PORT=80
-  NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL="http"
-  NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO="rel"
-  TURN_USER="self"
-  TURN_PASSWORD=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed 's/=//g')
-  NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed 's/=//g')
-  TURN_MIN_PORT=49152
-  TURN_MAX_PORT=65535
-  TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG=$(get_turn_external_ip)
-
-  if ! check_nb_domain "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
-    NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(read_nb_domain)
-  fi
-
-  if [ "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" == "use-ip" ]; then
-    NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(get_main_ip_address)
-  else
-    ZITADEL_EXTERNALSECURE="true"
-    ZITADEL_TLS_MODE="external"
-    NETBIRD_PORT=443
-    CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN=", $NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"
-    NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL="https"
-    NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO="rels"
-  fi
-
-  if [[ "$OSTYPE" == "darwin"* ]]; then
-      ZIDATE_TOKEN_EXPIRATION_DATE=$(date -u -v+30M "+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
-  else
-      ZIDATE_TOKEN_EXPIRATION_DATE=$(date -u -d "+30 minutes" "+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
-  fi
-
-  check_jq
-
-  DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND=$(check_docker_compose)
-
-  if [ -f zitadel.env ]; then
-    echo "Generated files already exist, if you want to reinitialize the environment, please remove them first."
-    echo "You can use the following commands:"
-    echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND down --volumes # to remove all containers and volumes"
-    echo "  rm -f docker-compose.yml Caddyfile zitadel.env dashboard.env machinekey/zitadel-admin-sa.token turnserver.conf management.json relay.env"
-    echo "Be aware that this will remove all data from the database, and you will have to reconfigure the dashboard."
-    exit 1
-  fi
-
-  if [[ $ZITADEL_DATABASE == "cockroach" ]]; then
-        echo "Use CockroachDB as Zitadel database."
-        ZDB=$(renderDockerComposeCockroachDB)
-        ZITADEL_DB_ENV=$(renderZitadelCockroachDBEnv)
-  else
-      echo "Use Postgres as default Zitadel database."
-      echo "For using CockroachDB please the environment variable 'export ZITADEL_DATABASE=cockroach'."
-      POSTGRES_ROOT_PASSWORD="$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed 's/=//g')@"
-      POSTGRES_ZITADEL_PASSWORD="$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed 's/=//g')@"
-      ZDB=$(renderDockerComposePostgres)
-      ZITADEL_DB_ENV=$(renderZitadelPostgresEnv)
-      renderPostgresEnv > zdb.env
-  fi
-
-  echo Rendering initial files...
-  renderDockerCompose > docker-compose.yml
-  renderCaddyfile > Caddyfile
-  renderZitadelEnv > zitadel.env
-  echo "" > dashboard.env
-  echo "" > turnserver.conf
-  echo "" > management.json
-  echo "" > relay.env
-
-  mkdir -p machinekey
-  chmod 777 machinekey
-
-  init_crdb
-
-  echo -e "\nStarting Zitadel IDP for user management\n\n"
-  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d caddy zitadel
-  init_zitadel
-
-  echo -e "\nRendering NetBird files...\n"
-  renderTurnServerConf > turnserver.conf
-  renderManagementJson > management.json
-  renderDashboardEnv > dashboard.env
-  renderRelayEnv > relay.env
-
-  echo -e "\nStarting NetBird services\n"
-  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d
-  echo -e "\nDone!\n"
-  echo "You can access the NetBird dashboard at $NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
-  echo "Login with the following credentials:"
-  install -m 600 /dev/null .env
-  printf 'Username: %s\nPassword: %s\n' \
-      "$ZITADEL_ADMIN_USERNAME" "$ZITADEL_ADMIN_PASSWORD" >> .env
-  echo "Username: $ZITADEL_ADMIN_USERNAME"
-  echo "Password: $ZITADEL_ADMIN_PASSWORD"
-}
-
-renderCaddyfile() {
-  cat <<EOF
-{
-  debug
-	servers :80,:443 {
-    protocols h1 h2c h2 h3
-  }
-}
-
-(security_headers) {
-    header * {
-        # enable HSTS
-        # https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/HTTP_Headers_Cheat_Sheet.html#strict-transport-security-hsts
-        # NOTE: Read carefully how this header works before using it.
-        # If the HSTS header is misconfigured or if there is a problem with
-        # the SSL/TLS certificate being used, legitimate users might be unable
-        # to access the website. For example, if the HSTS header is set to a
-        # very long duration and the SSL/TLS certificate expires or is revoked,
-        # legitimate users might be unable to access the website until
-        # the HSTS header duration has expired.
-        # The recommended value for the max-age is 2 year (63072000 seconds).
-        # But we are using 1 hour (3600 seconds) for testing purposes
-        # and ensure that the website is working properly before setting
-        # to two years.
-
-        Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=3600; includeSubDomains; preload"
-
-        # disable clients from sniffing the media type
-        # https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/HTTP_Headers_Cheat_Sheet.html#x-content-type-options
-        X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
-
-        # clickjacking protection
-        # https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/HTTP_Headers_Cheat_Sheet.html#x-frame-options
-        X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
-
-        # xss protection
-        # https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/HTTP_Headers_Cheat_Sheet.html#x-xss-protection
-        X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"
-
-        # Remove -Server header, which is an information leak
-        # Remove Caddy from Headers
-        -Server
-
-        # keep referrer data off of HTTP connections
-        # https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/HTTP_Headers_Cheat_Sheet.html#referrer-policy
-        Referrer-Policy strict-origin-when-cross-origin
-    }
-}
-
-:80${CADDY_SECURE_DOMAIN} {
-    import security_headers
-    # relay
-    reverse_proxy /relay* relay:80
-    # Signal
-    reverse_proxy /ws-proxy/signal* signal:80
-    reverse_proxy /signalexchange.SignalExchange/* h2c://signal:10000
-    # Management
-    reverse_proxy /api/* management:80
-    reverse_proxy /ws-proxy/management* management:80
-    reverse_proxy /management.ManagementService/* h2c://management:80
-    # Zitadel
-    reverse_proxy /zitadel.admin.v1.AdminService/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /admin/v1/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /zitadel.auth.v1.AuthService/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /auth/v1/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /zitadel.management.v1.ManagementService/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /management/v1/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /zitadel.system.v1.SystemService/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /system/v1/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /assets/v1/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /ui/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /oidc/v1/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /saml/v2/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /oauth/v2/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /.well-known/openid-configuration h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /openapi/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /debug/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /device/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /device h2c://zitadel:8080
-    reverse_proxy /zitadel.user.v2.UserService/* h2c://zitadel:8080
-    # Dashboard
-    reverse_proxy /* dashboard:80
-}
+This compatibility notice will be removed in NetBird v0.80.
 EOF
-}
 
-renderTurnServerConf() {
-  cat <<EOF
-listening-port=3478
-$TURN_EXTERNAL_IP_CONFIG
-tls-listening-port=5349
-min-port=$TURN_MIN_PORT
-max-port=$TURN_MAX_PORT
-fingerprint
-lt-cred-mech
-user=$TURN_USER:$TURN_PASSWORD
-realm=wiretrustee.com
-cert=/etc/coturn/certs/cert.pem
-pkey=/etc/coturn/private/privkey.pem
-log-file=stdout
-no-software-attribute
-pidfile="/var/tmp/turnserver.pid"
-no-cli
-EOF
-}
-
-renderManagementJson() {
-  cat <<EOF
-{
-    "Stuns": [
-        {
-            "Proto": "udp",
-            "URI": "stun:$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:3478"
-        }
-    ],
-    "Relay": {
-        "Addresses": ["$NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"],
-        "CredentialsTTL": "24h",
-        "Secret": "$NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET"
-    },
-    "Signal": {
-        "Proto": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL",
-        "URI": "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT"
-    },
-    "HttpConfig": {
-        "AuthIssuer": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN",
-        "AuthAudience": "$NETBIRD_AUTH_CLIENT_ID",
-        "OIDCConfigEndpoint":"$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/.well-known/openid-configuration"
-    },
-    "IdpManagerConfig": {
-        "ManagerType": "zitadel",
-        "ClientConfig": {
-            "Issuer": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN",
-            "TokenEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/oauth/v2/token",
-            "ClientID": "$NETBIRD_IDP_MGMT_CLIENT_ID",
-            "ClientSecret": "$NETBIRD_IDP_MGMT_CLIENT_SECRET",
-            "GrantType": "client_credentials"
-        },
-        "ExtraConfig": {
-            "ManagementEndpoint": "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/management/v1"
-        }
-    },
-  "DeviceAuthorizationFlow": {
-      "Provider": "hosted",
-      "ProviderConfig": {
-          "Audience": "$NETBIRD_AUTH_CLIENT_ID_CLI",
-          "ClientID": "$NETBIRD_AUTH_CLIENT_ID_CLI",
-          "Scope": "openid"
-      }
-    },
-    "PKCEAuthorizationFlow": {
-        "ProviderConfig": {
-            "Audience": "$NETBIRD_AUTH_CLIENT_ID_CLI",
-            "ClientID": "$NETBIRD_AUTH_CLIENT_ID_CLI",
-            "Scope": "openid profile email offline_access",
-            "RedirectURLs": ["http://localhost:53000/","http://localhost:54000/"]
-        }
-    }
-}
-EOF
-}
-
-renderDashboardEnv() {
-  cat <<EOF
-# Endpoints
-NETBIRD_MGMT_API_ENDPOINT=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
-NETBIRD_MGMT_GRPC_API_ENDPOINT=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
-# OIDC
-AUTH_AUDIENCE=$NETBIRD_AUTH_CLIENT_ID
-AUTH_CLIENT_ID=$NETBIRD_AUTH_CLIENT_ID
-AUTH_AUTHORITY=$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
-USE_AUTH0=false
-AUTH_SUPPORTED_SCOPES="openid profile email offline_access"
-AUTH_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-auth
-AUTH_SILENT_REDIRECT_URI=/nb-silent-auth
-# SSL
-NGINX_SSL_PORT=443
-# Letsencrypt
-LETSENCRYPT_DOMAIN=none
-EOF
-}
-
-renderZitadelEnv() {
-  cat <<EOF
-ZITADEL_LOG_LEVEL=debug
-ZITADEL_MASTERKEY=$ZITADEL_MASTERKEY
-ZITADEL_EXTERNALSECURE=$ZITADEL_EXTERNALSECURE
-ZITADEL_TLS_ENABLED="false"
-ZITADEL_EXTERNALPORT=$NETBIRD_PORT
-ZITADEL_EXTERNALDOMAIN=$NETBIRD_DOMAIN
-ZITADEL_FIRSTINSTANCE_PATPATH=/machinekey/zitadel-admin-sa.token
-ZITADEL_FIRSTINSTANCE_ORG_MACHINE_MACHINE_USERNAME=zitadel-admin-sa
-ZITADEL_FIRSTINSTANCE_ORG_MACHINE_MACHINE_NAME=Admin
-ZITADEL_FIRSTINSTANCE_ORG_MACHINE_PAT_SCOPES=openid
-ZITADEL_FIRSTINSTANCE_ORG_MACHINE_PAT_EXPIRATIONDATE=$ZIDATE_TOKEN_EXPIRATION_DATE
-$ZITADEL_DB_ENV
-EOF
-}
-
-renderZitadelCockroachDBEnv() {
-  cat <<EOF
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_HOST=zdb
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_USER_USERNAME=zitadel_user
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_USER_SSL_MODE=verify-full
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_USER_SSL_ROOTCERT="/zdb-certs/ca.crt"
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_USER_SSL_CERT="/zdb-certs/client.zitadel_user.crt"
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_USER_SSL_KEY="/zdb-certs/client.zitadel_user.key"
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_ADMIN_SSL_MODE=verify-full
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_ADMIN_SSL_ROOTCERT="/zdb-certs/ca.crt"
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_ADMIN_SSL_CERT="/zdb-certs/client.root.crt"
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_COCKROACH_ADMIN_SSL_KEY="/zdb-certs/client.root.key"
-EOF
-}
-
-renderZitadelPostgresEnv() {
-  cat <<EOF
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_POSTGRES_HOST=zdb
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_POSTGRES_PORT=5432
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_POSTGRES_DATABASE=zitadel
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_POSTGRES_USER_USERNAME=zitadel
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_POSTGRES_USER_PASSWORD=$POSTGRES_ZITADEL_PASSWORD
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_POSTGRES_USER_SSL_MODE=disable
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_POSTGRES_ADMIN_USERNAME=root
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_POSTGRES_ADMIN_PASSWORD=$POSTGRES_ROOT_PASSWORD
-ZITADEL_DATABASE_POSTGRES_ADMIN_SSL_MODE=disable
-EOF
-}
-
-renderPostgresEnv() {
-  cat <<EOF
-POSTGRES_USER=root
-POSTGRES_PASSWORD=$POSTGRES_ROOT_PASSWORD
-EOF
-}
-
-renderRelayEnv() {
-  cat <<EOF
-NB_LOG_LEVEL=info
-NB_LISTEN_ADDRESS=:80
-NB_EXPOSED_ADDRESS=$NETBIRD_RELAY_PROTO://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN:$NETBIRD_PORT
-NB_AUTH_SECRET=$NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET
-EOF
-}
-
-renderDockerCompose() {
-  cat <<EOF
-services:
-  # Caddy reverse proxy
-  caddy:
-    image: caddy
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [ netbird ]
-    ports:
-      - '443:443'
-      - '443:443/udp'
-      - '80:80'
-    volumes:
-      - netbird_caddy_data:/data
-      - ./Caddyfile:/etc/caddy/Caddyfile
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-  # UI dashboard
-  dashboard:
-    image: netbirdio/dashboard:latest
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    env_file:
-      - ./dashboard.env
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-  # Signal
-  signal:
-    image: netbirdio/signal:latest
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-  # Relay
-  relay:
-    image: netbirdio/relay:latest
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    env_file:
-      - ./relay.env
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-  # Management
-  management:
-    image: netbirdio/management:latest
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    networks: [netbird]
-    volumes:
-      - netbird_management:/var/lib/netbird
-      - ./management.json:/etc/netbird/management.json
-    command: [
-      "--port", "80",
-      "--log-file", "console",
-      "--log-level", "info",
-      "--disable-anonymous-metrics=false",
-      "--single-account-mode-domain=netbird.selfhosted",
-      "--dns-domain=netbird.selfhosted",
-      "--idp-sign-key-refresh-enabled",
-    ]
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-  # Coturn, AKA relay server
-  coturn:
-    image: coturn/coturn
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    #domainname: netbird.relay.selfhosted
-    volumes:
-      - ./turnserver.conf:/etc/turnserver.conf:ro
-    network_mode: host
-    command:
-      - -c /etc/turnserver.conf
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-  # Zitadel - identity provider
-  zitadel:
-    restart: 'always'
-    networks: [netbird]
-    image: 'ghcr.io/zitadel/zitadel:v2.64.1'
-    command: 'start-from-init --masterkeyFromEnv --tlsMode $ZITADEL_TLS_MODE'
-    env_file:
-      - ./zitadel.env
-    depends_on:
-      zdb:
-        condition: 'service_healthy'
-    volumes:
-      - ./machinekey:/machinekey
-      - netbird_zitadel_certs:/zdb-certs:ro
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-$ZDB
-  netbird_zdb_data:
-  netbird_management:
-  netbird_caddy_data:
-  netbird_zitadel_certs:
-
-networks:
-  netbird:
-EOF
-}
-
-renderDockerComposeCockroachDB() {
-  cat <<EOF
-  # CockroachDB for Zitadel
-  zdb:
-    restart: 'always'
-    networks: [netbird]
-    image: 'cockroachdb/cockroach:latest-v23.2'
-    command: 'start-single-node --advertise-addr zdb'
-    volumes:
-      - netbird_zdb_data:/cockroach/cockroach-data
-      - netbird_zdb_certs:/cockroach/certs
-      - netbird_zitadel_certs:/zitadel-certs
-    healthcheck:
-      test: [ "CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8080/health?ready=1" ]
-      interval: '10s'
-      timeout: '30s'
-      retries: 5
-      start_period: '20s'
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-
-volumes:
-  netbird_zdb_certs:
-EOF
-}
-
-renderDockerComposePostgres() {
-  cat <<EOF
-  # Postgres for Zitadel
-  zdb:
-    restart: 'always'
-    networks: [netbird]
-    image: 'postgres:16-alpine'
-    env_file:
-      - ./zdb.env
-    volumes:
-      - netbird_zdb_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data:rw
-    healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready", "-d", "db_prod"]
-      interval: 5s
-      timeout: 60s
-      retries: 10
-      start_period: 5s
-    logging:
-      driver: "json-file"
-      options:
-        max-size: "500m"
-        max-file: "2"
-volumes:
-EOF
-}
-
-initEnvironment
+exit 1
diff --git a/infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh b/infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh
index 2a3f840b4..5efc0181e 100755
--- a/infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh
+++ b/infrastructure_files/getting-started.sh
@@ -19,19 +19,62 @@ readonly MSG_SEPARATOR="=========================================="
 # Utility Functions
 ############################################
 
-check_docker_compose() {
-  if command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null
-  then
-      echo "docker-compose"
-      return
-  fi
-  if docker compose --help &> /dev/null
-  then
-      echo "docker compose"
-      return
+check_docker_sock_perms() {
+  local sock="${DOCKER_HOST:-unix:///var/run/docker.sock}"
+  sock="${sock#unix://}"
+
+  if [[ ! -S "$sock" ]]; then
+    return 0
   fi
 
-  echo "docker-compose is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/" > /dev/stderr
+  if [[ ! -r "$sock" ]] || [[ ! -w "$sock" ]]; then
+    local group
+    if [[ "${OSTYPE}" == "darwin"* ]]; then
+      group="$(stat -f '%Sg' "$sock")"
+    else
+      group="$(stat -c '%G' "$sock")"
+    fi
+
+    echo "Cannot access Docker socket: $sock" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "Socket permissions:" > /dev/stderr
+    ls -l "$sock" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+
+    if [[ "$group" == "docker" ]]; then
+      echo "Your user may need to be added to the '$group' group:" > /dev/stderr
+      echo "  sudo usermod -aG $group \"$USER\"" > /dev/stderr
+      echo "Then log out and back in, or run this for the current shell:" > /dev/stderr
+      echo "  newgrp $group" > /dev/stderr
+      echo "Note: newgrp is temporary; usermod is the permanent group change." > /dev/stderr
+    else
+      echo "The Docker socket is owned by the '$group' group, which is not the standard 'docker' group." > /dev/stderr
+      echo "For safety, this script will not suggest adding your user to '$group'." > /dev/stderr
+      echo "Instead, either run this script with appropriate privileges (for example, via sudo) or follow Docker's post-install steps to configure access via the 'docker' group:" > /dev/stderr
+      echo "  https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/linux-postinstall/" > /dev/stderr
+    fi
+
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+check_docker_compose() {
+  if ! command -v docker &> /dev/null && ! command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "Docker is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/" > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  if docker compose version &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "docker compose"
+    return
+  fi
+  if command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null && docker-compose version &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "docker-compose"
+    return
+  fi
+
+  echo "Docker Compose is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/" > /dev/stderr
   exit 1
 }
 
@@ -58,16 +101,89 @@ get_main_ip_address() {
 }
 
 check_nb_domain() {
-  DOMAIN=$1
-  if [[ "$DOMAIN-x" == "-x" ]]; then
+  local domain="$1"
+
+  if [[ -z "$domain" ]]; then
     echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN variable cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
     return 1
   fi
-
-  if [[ "$DOMAIN" == "netbird.example.com" ]]; then
+  if [[ "$domain" == "use-ip" ]]; then
+    return 0
+  fi
+  if [[ "$domain" == "netbird.example.com" ]]; then
     echo "The NETBIRD_DOMAIN cannot be netbird.example.com" > /dev/stderr
     return 1
   fi
+  if [[ "$domain" =~ ^[0-9.]+$ ]]; then
+    echo "'$domain' is an IP address. Use 'use-ip' to install on this host's IP over HTTP, or an FQDN to get a TLS certificate." > /dev/stderr
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [[ ! "$domain" =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?(\.[A-Za-z0-9]([A-Za-z0-9-]*[A-Za-z0-9])?)+$ ]]; then
+    echo "'$domain' is not a valid FQDN. It needs at least one dot (e.g. netbird.my-domain.com), with no scheme, port or trailing dot." > /dev/stderr
+    return 1
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+check_domain_resolves() {
+  local domain="$1"
+  if command -v getent &> /dev/null && getent hosts "$domain" &> /dev/null; then return 0; fi
+  if command -v host &> /dev/null && host "$domain" &> /dev/null; then return 0; fi
+  if command -v dig &> /dev/null && [[ -n "$(dig +short "$domain" 2>/dev/null)" ]]; then return 0; fi
+  if command -v nslookup &> /dev/null && nslookup "$domain" &> /dev/null; then return 0; fi
+  return 1
+}
+
+# Non-interactive configuration
+# ------------------------------
+# Every prompt below can be pre-answered with an environment variable, so the
+# script runs unattended (cloud-init, CI, Terraform, curl | bash). resolve()
+# is the single place that decides env var vs prompt vs default; the read_*
+# helpers stay pure prompts.
+#
+# Supported env vars:
+#   NETBIRD_DOMAIN                    domain/FQDN (required)
+#   NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL         ACME email (required for built-in Traefik)
+#   NETBIRD_AGENT_NETWORK             true enables the agent-network preset
+#   NETBIRD_REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE        0-5 (default 0 = built-in Traefik)
+#   NETBIRD_ENABLE_PROXY              true/false (default false)
+#   NETBIRD_ENABLE_CROWDSEC           true/false (default false)
+#   NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_EXTERNAL_NETWORK  external-Traefik network (type 1)
+#   NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_ENTRYPOINT        external-Traefik entrypoint (type 1, default websecure)
+#   NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_CERTRESOLVER      external-Traefik cert resolver (type 1)
+#   NETBIRD_BIND_LOCALHOST_ONLY       true/false (default true, types 2-5)
+#   NETBIRD_EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK    docker network to join (types 2-4)
+#   NETBIRD_NON_INTERACTIVE           true forces unattended mode even with a TTY
+
+# tty_available succeeds only when we may prompt: never when the operator has
+# set NETBIRD_NON_INTERACTIVE=true, otherwise only when /dev/tty can actually
+# be opened. A PTY can be attached in automation (CI runners, some
+# provisioners), so the env override is the authoritative signal and the
+# /dev/tty probe is the fallback. /dev/tty is a world-rw device node even with
+# no terminal, so a permission test ([ -r ]) is not enough - we must open it.
+tty_available() {
+  [[ "${NETBIRD_NON_INTERACTIVE:-}" == "true" ]] && return 1
+  { true < /dev/tty; } 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# resolve ENV_VAR_NAME DEFAULT PROMPT_FN [prompt args...]
+#   env var set and non-empty -> its value
+#   interactive               -> PROMPT_FN "$@" (prompt behavior unchanged)
+#   otherwise                 -> DEFAULT, or abort when DEFAULT is "required"
+resolve() {
+  local env_name="$1" default="$2" prompt_fn="$3"
+  shift 3
+  local env_value="${!env_name:-}"
+  if [[ -n "$env_value" ]]; then
+    echo "$env_value"
+  elif tty_available; then
+    "$prompt_fn" "$@"
+  elif [[ "$default" == "required" ]]; then
+    echo "$env_name is required for a non-interactive install." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  else
+    echo "$default"
+  fi
   return 0
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +193,22 @@ read_nb_domain() {
   read -r READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN < /dev/tty
   if ! check_nb_domain "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
     read_nb_domain
+    return
   fi
+
+  if [[ "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN" != "use-ip" ]] && ! check_domain_resolves "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
+    local confirm=""
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "Warning: '$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN' does not resolve via DNS from this host." > /dev/stderr
+    echo "TLS certificate issuance and client connections will fail until it does." > /dev/stderr
+    echo -n "Continue anyway? [y/N]: " > /dev/stderr
+    read -r confirm < /dev/tty
+    if [[ ! "$confirm" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
+      read_nb_domain
+      return
+    fi
+  fi
+
   echo "$READ_NETBIRD_DOMAIN"
   return 0
 }
@@ -231,7 +362,20 @@ get_upstream_host() {
 
 wait_management_proxy() {
   local proxy_container="${1:-traefik}"
+  local use_docker_logs=false
   set +e
+
+  if [[ "$proxy_container" == "detect-traefik" ]]; then
+    proxy_container=$(docker ps --format "{{.ID}}\t{{.Image}}\t{{.Ports}}" \
+    | awk -F'\t' '$2 ~ /traefik/ && $3 ~ /:(80|443)->/ {print $1; exit}')
+
+    if [[ -z "$proxy_container" ]]; then
+      echo "Warning: could not auto-detect Traefik container, log output will be skipped on timeout." > /dev/stderr
+    else
+      use_docker_logs=true
+    fi
+  fi
+
   echo -n "Waiting for NetBird server to become ready"
   counter=1
   while true; do
@@ -242,7 +386,13 @@ wait_management_proxy() {
     if [[ $counter -eq 60 ]]; then
       echo ""
       echo "Taking too long. Checking logs..."
-      $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 "$proxy_container"
+      if [[ -n "$proxy_container" ]]; then
+        if [[ "$use_docker_logs" == "true" ]]; then
+          docker logs --tail=20 "$proxy_container"
+        else
+          $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 "$proxy_container"
+        fi
+      fi
       $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 netbird-server
     fi
     echo -n " ."
@@ -289,14 +439,16 @@ initialize_default_values() {
   NETBIRD_RELAY_AUTH_SECRET=$(openssl rand -base64 32 | sed "$SED_STRIP_PADDING")
   # Note: DataStoreEncryptionKey must keep base64 padding (=) for Go's base64.StdEncoding
   DATASTORE_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 32)
+  SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 32)
   NETBIRD_STUN_PORT=3478
 
   # Docker images
-  DASHBOARD_IMAGE="netbirdio/dashboard:latest"
+  DASHBOARD_IMAGE=${DASHBOARD_IMAGE:-"netbirdio/dashboard:latest"}
   # Combined server replaces separate signal, relay, and management containers
-  NETBIRD_SERVER_IMAGE="netbirdio/netbird-server:latest"
-  NETBIRD_PROXY_IMAGE="netbirdio/reverse-proxy:latest"
-
+  NETBIRD_SERVER_IMAGE=${NETBIRD_SERVER_IMAGE:-"netbirdio/netbird-server:latest"}
+  NETBIRD_PROXY_IMAGE=${NETBIRD_PROXY_IMAGE:-"netbirdio/reverse-proxy:latest"}
+  TRAEFIK_IMAGE=${TRAEFIK_IMAGE:-"traefik:v3.6"}
+  CROWDSEC_IMAGE=${CROWDSEC_IMAGE:-"crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.7"}
   # Reverse proxy configuration
   REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE="0"
   TRAEFIK_EXTERNAL_NETWORK=""
@@ -322,8 +474,26 @@ initialize_default_values() {
 }
 
 configure_domain() {
+  # Domain is validated (not a free-form value), so it keeps its own guard
+  # rather than going through resolve(): a valid NETBIRD_DOMAIN is used as-is,
+  # otherwise we prompt, or abort when there is no terminal to prompt on.
+  local prompted="false"
   if ! check_nb_domain "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
+    if ! tty_available; then
+      if [[ -n "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" ]]; then
+        echo "NETBIRD_DOMAIN='$NETBIRD_DOMAIN' cannot be used for a non-interactive install." > /dev/stderr
+      else
+        echo "NETBIRD_DOMAIN is required for a non-interactive install." > /dev/stderr
+      fi
+      exit 1
+    fi
     NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(read_nb_domain)
+    prompted="true"
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$prompted" == "false" && "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" != "use-ip" ]] && ! check_domain_resolves "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN"; then
+    echo "Warning: '$NETBIRD_DOMAIN' does not resolve via DNS from this host." > /dev/stderr
+    echo "TLS certificate issuance and client connections will fail until it does." > /dev/stderr
   fi
 
   if [[ "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" == "use-ip" ]]; then
@@ -338,36 +508,69 @@ configure_domain() {
   return 0
 }
 
+apply_agent_network_preset() {
+  # Agent-network turnkey install: built-in Traefik + NetBird Proxy with
+  # NB_PROXY_PRIVATE=true, dashboard locked to agent-network-only mode.
+  # Bypasses every reverse-proxy / proxy / CrowdSec prompt. The only
+  # inputs we still need from the operator are the domain (handled by
+  # configure_domain via NETBIRD_DOMAIN env var or interactive prompt)
+  # and the ACME email — both honor env vars first and fall back to a
+  # prompt only when unset. CrowdSec is intentionally off.
+  REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE="0"
+  ENABLE_PROXY="true"
+  ENABLE_CROWDSEC="false"
+
+  TRAEFIK_ACME_EMAIL=$(resolve NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL required read_traefik_acme_email)
+
+  echo "" > /dev/stderr
+  echo "Agent-network preset enabled (NETBIRD_AGENT_NETWORK=true):" > /dev/stderr
+  echo "  - reverse proxy: built-in Traefik" > /dev/stderr
+  echo "  - NetBird Proxy: enabled with NB_PROXY_PRIVATE=true" > /dev/stderr
+  echo "  - server image: ${NETBIRD_SERVER_IMAGE}" > /dev/stderr
+  echo "  - proxy image: ${NETBIRD_PROXY_IMAGE}" > /dev/stderr
+  echo "  - dashboard: NETBIRD_AGENT_NETWORK_ONLY=true" > /dev/stderr
+  echo "  - CrowdSec: disabled" > /dev/stderr
+  echo "  - Let's Encrypt email: ${TRAEFIK_ACME_EMAIL}" > /dev/stderr
+  echo "" > /dev/stderr
+}
+
 configure_reverse_proxy() {
-  # Prompt for reverse proxy type
-  REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE=$(read_reverse_proxy_type)
+  # Short-circuit: agent-network preset locks every reverse-proxy /
+  # proxy / CrowdSec choice and bypasses the interactive prompts.
+  if [[ "${NETBIRD_AGENT_NETWORK}" == "true" ]]; then
+    apply_agent_network_preset
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  # Reverse proxy type (env NETBIRD_REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE, else prompt, else 0)
+  REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE=$(resolve NETBIRD_REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE 0 read_reverse_proxy_type)
 
   # Handle built-in Traefik prompts (option 0)
   if [[ "$REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE" == "0" ]]; then
-    TRAEFIK_ACME_EMAIL=$(read_traefik_acme_email)
-    ENABLE_PROXY=$(read_enable_proxy)
+    TRAEFIK_ACME_EMAIL=$(resolve NETBIRD_LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL required read_traefik_acme_email)
+    ENABLE_PROXY=$(resolve NETBIRD_ENABLE_PROXY false read_enable_proxy)
     if [[ "$ENABLE_PROXY" == "true" ]]; then
-      ENABLE_CROWDSEC=$(read_enable_crowdsec)
+      ENABLE_CROWDSEC=$(resolve NETBIRD_ENABLE_CROWDSEC false read_enable_crowdsec)
     fi
   fi
 
   # Handle external Traefik-specific prompts (option 1)
   if [[ "$REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE" == "1" ]]; then
-    TRAEFIK_EXTERNAL_NETWORK=$(read_traefik_network)
-    TRAEFIK_ENTRYPOINT=$(read_traefik_entrypoint)
-    TRAEFIK_CERTRESOLVER=$(read_traefik_certresolver)
+    TRAEFIK_EXTERNAL_NETWORK=$(resolve NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_EXTERNAL_NETWORK "" read_traefik_network)
+    TRAEFIK_ENTRYPOINT=$(resolve NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_ENTRYPOINT websecure read_traefik_entrypoint)
+    TRAEFIK_CERTRESOLVER=$(resolve NETBIRD_TRAEFIK_CERTRESOLVER "" read_traefik_certresolver)
   fi
 
   # Handle port binding for external proxy options (2-5)
   if [[ "$REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE" -ge 2 ]]; then
-    BIND_LOCALHOST_ONLY=$(read_port_binding_preference)
+    BIND_LOCALHOST_ONLY=$(resolve NETBIRD_BIND_LOCALHOST_ONLY true read_port_binding_preference)
   fi
 
   # Handle Docker network prompts for external proxies (options 2-4)
   case "$REVERSE_PROXY_TYPE" in
-    2) EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK=$(read_proxy_docker_network "Nginx") ;;
-    3) EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK=$(read_proxy_docker_network "Nginx Proxy Manager") ;;
-    4) EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK=$(read_proxy_docker_network "Caddy") ;;
+    2) EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK=$(resolve NETBIRD_EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK "" read_proxy_docker_network "Nginx") ;;
+    3) EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK=$(resolve NETBIRD_EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK "" read_proxy_docker_network "Nginx Proxy Manager") ;;
+    4) EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK=$(resolve NETBIRD_EXTERNAL_PROXY_NETWORK "" read_proxy_docker_network "Caddy") ;;
     *) ;; # No network prompt for other options
   esac
   return 0
@@ -430,7 +633,8 @@ generate_configuration_files() {
 
   # Common files for all configurations
   render_dashboard_env > dashboard.env
-  render_combined_yaml > config.yaml
+  install -m 600 /dev/null config.yaml
+  render_combined_yaml >> config.yaml
   return 0
 }
 
@@ -459,7 +663,7 @@ start_services_and_show_instructions() {
       echo "Creating proxy access token..."
       # Use docker exec with bash to run the token command directly
       PROXY_TOKEN=$($DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND exec -T netbird-server \
-        /go/bin/netbird-server token create --name "default-proxy" --config /etc/netbird/config.yaml 2>/dev/null | grep "^Token:" | awk '{print $2}')
+        /go/bin/netbird-server admin token create --name "default-proxy" --config /etc/netbird/config.yaml 2>/dev/null | grep "^Token:" | awk '{print $2}')
 
       if [[ -z "$PROXY_TOKEN" ]]; then
         echo "ERROR: Failed to create proxy token. Check netbird-server logs." > /dev/stderr
@@ -518,7 +722,7 @@ start_services_and_show_instructions() {
     $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d
 
     sleep 3
-    wait_management_direct
+    wait_management_proxy detect-traefik
 
     echo -e "$MSG_DONE"
     print_post_setup_instructions
@@ -544,8 +748,13 @@ start_services_and_show_instructions() {
     print_post_setup_instructions
 
     echo ""
-    echo -n "Press Enter when your reverse proxy is configured (or Ctrl+C to exit)... "
-    read -r < /dev/tty
+    if tty_available; then
+      echo -n "Press Enter when your reverse proxy is configured (or Ctrl+C to exit)... "
+      read -r < /dev/tty
+    else
+      echo "Non-interactive mode: starting NetBird containers now. Finish configuring"
+      echo "your reverse proxy using the instructions above so it can reach them."
+    fi
 
     echo -e "$MSG_STARTING_SERVICES"
     $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d
@@ -561,12 +770,15 @@ start_services_and_show_instructions() {
 }
 
 init_environment() {
+  # Check if docker compose is installed using check_docker_compose function
+  DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND=$(check_docker_compose)
+  check_docker_sock_perms
+
   initialize_default_values
   configure_domain
   configure_reverse_proxy
 
   check_jq
-  DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND=$(check_docker_compose)
 
   check_existing_installation
   generate_configuration_files
@@ -637,7 +849,7 @@ render_docker_compose_traefik_builtin() {
     if [[ "$ENABLE_CROWDSEC" == "true" ]]; then
       crowdsec_service="
   crowdsec:
-    image: crowdsecurity/crowdsec:v1.7.7
+    image: $CROWDSEC_IMAGE
     container_name: netbird-crowdsec
     restart: unless-stopped
     networks: [netbird]
@@ -668,7 +880,7 @@ render_docker_compose_traefik_builtin() {
 services:
   # Traefik reverse proxy (automatic TLS via Let's Encrypt)
   traefik:
-    image: traefik:v3.6
+    image: $TRAEFIK_IMAGE
     container_name: netbird-traefik
     restart: unless-stopped
     networks:
@@ -752,7 +964,7 @@ $traefik_dynamic_volume
     labels:
       - traefik.enable=true
       # gRPC router (needs h2c backend for HTTP/2 cleartext)
-      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.rule=Host(\`$NETBIRD_DOMAIN\`) && (PathPrefix(\`/signalexchange.SignalExchange/\`) || PathPrefix(\`/management.ManagementService/\`))
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.rule=Host(\`$NETBIRD_DOMAIN\`) && (PathPrefix(\`/signalexchange.SignalExchange/\`) || PathPrefix(\`/management.ManagementService/\`) || PathPrefix(\`/management.ProxyService/\`))
       - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.entrypoints=websecure
       - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.tls=true
       - traefik.http.routers.netbird-grpc.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt
@@ -811,6 +1023,7 @@ server:
   auth:
     issuer: "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/oauth2"
     signKeyRefreshEnabled: true
+    sessionCookieEncryptionKey: "$SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY"
     dashboardRedirectURIs:
       - "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/nb-auth"
       - "$NETBIRD_HTTP_PROTOCOL://$NETBIRD_DOMAIN/nb-silent-auth"
@@ -847,6 +1060,15 @@ NGINX_SSL_PORT=443
 # Letsencrypt
 LETSENCRYPT_DOMAIN=none
 EOF
+
+  if [[ "${NETBIRD_AGENT_NETWORK}" == "true" ]]; then
+    cat <<EOF
+# Agent-network preset: dashboard hides the standard NetBird surfaces
+# and exposes only the AI Observability + agent-network configuration
+# pages. Paired with NB_PROXY_PRIVATE=true on the proxy side.
+NETBIRD_AGENT_NETWORK_ONLY=true
+EOF
+  fi
   return 0
 }
 
@@ -883,6 +1105,17 @@ NB_PROXY_PROXY_PROTOCOL=true
 NB_PROXY_TRUSTED_PROXIES=$TRAEFIK_IP
 EOF
 
+  if [[ "${NETBIRD_AGENT_NETWORK}" == "true" ]]; then
+    cat <<EOF
+# Agent-network preset: turn the proxy into the private reverse-proxy
+# ingress for agent-network synth services. Disables the public-facing
+# surface so the proxy serves only synth-generated routes (the
+# llm_router-driven LLM endpoints) and the per-account inbound
+# listeners on the embedded netstack.
+NB_PROXY_PRIVATE=true
+EOF
+  fi
+
   if [[ "$ENABLE_CROWDSEC" == "true" && -n "$CROWDSEC_BOUNCER_KEY" ]]; then
     cat <<EOF
 NB_PROXY_CROWDSEC_API_URL=http://crowdsec:8080
@@ -1263,12 +1496,20 @@ print_builtin_traefik_instructions() {
     echo "  - 51820/udp (WIREGUARD - (optional) for P2P proxy connections)"
   fi
   echo ""
-  echo "This setup is ideal for homelabs and smaller organization deployments."
-  echo "For enterprise environments requiring high availability and advanced integrations,"
-  echo "consider a commercial on-prem license or scaling your open source deployment:"
-  echo ""
-  echo "  Commercial license: https://netbird.io/pricing#on-prem"
-  echo "  Scaling guide:      https://docs.netbird.io/scaling-your-self-hosted-deployment"
+  if [[ "${NETBIRD_AGENT_NETWORK}" == "true" ]]; then
+    echo "For enterprise environments requiring high availability and advanced integrations,"
+    echo "consider a commercial on-prem license:"
+    echo ""
+    echo "  Commercial license: https://netbird.ai/pricing"
+    echo "  Documentation: https://docs.netbird.io/agent-network"
+  else
+    echo "This setup is ideal for homelabs and smaller organization deployments."
+    echo "For enterprise environments requiring high availability and advanced integrations,"
+    echo "consider a commercial on-prem license or scaling your open source deployment:"
+    echo ""
+    echo "  Commercial license: https://netbird.io/pricing#on-prem"
+    echo "  Scaling guide:      https://docs.netbird.io/scaling-your-self-hosted-deployment"
+  fi
   echo ""
   if [[ "$ENABLE_PROXY" == "true" ]]; then
     echo "NetBird Proxy:"
@@ -1291,6 +1532,11 @@ print_builtin_traefik_instructions() {
       echo ""
     fi
   fi
+  if [[ "${NETBIRD_AGENT_NETWORK}" == "true" ]]; then
+    echo "Note: The public domain is only for setting up secure connections."
+    echo "Your APIs and agent services remain private and are never exposed publicly."
+    echo ""
+  fi
   return 0
 }
 
diff --git a/infrastructure_files/migrate-to-enterprise.sh b/infrastructure_files/migrate-to-enterprise.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2b10250c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infrastructure_files/migrate-to-enterprise.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,1281 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+set -o pipefail
+
+# NetBird — community combined → Enterprise combined migration
+#
+# Non-destructive migration: produces docker-compose.override.yml (auto-loaded
+# by docker compose) and config.yaml.enterprise alongside the operator's
+# existing files. Original docker-compose.yml and config.yaml are never
+# modified.
+#
+# Steps (all optional, asked interactively):
+#   1. Image swap         — replace community images with enterprise cloud images.
+#   2. Postgres migration — add Postgres, migrate SQLite data via migrate-store.
+#   3. Traffic flow       — add NATS + flow-enricher + flow-receiver.
+#
+# Step 2 is skipped when the deployment already runs on Postgres
+# (server.store.engine: postgres in config.yaml). Nothing is provisioned or
+# migrated in that case and the store config is left exactly as the operator
+# wrote it — the enterprise image reads the same Postgres the community image
+# did. Such a deployment gets the image swap, and can still opt into step 3.
+#
+# If any step fails once the stack has been touched, the script rolls itself
+# back automatically: generated files are removed, the Postgres volume this run
+# created is dropped, and the original deployment is started again.
+#
+# To revert a successful migration:
+#   docker compose down
+#   rm -f docker-compose.override.yml config.yaml.enterprise
+#   # If Postgres migration was done, also restore the SQLite backup printed
+#   # at the end of this script's run.
+#   docker compose up -d
+
+OVERRIDE_FILE="docker-compose.override.yml"
+ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE="config.yaml.enterprise"
+
+# Rollback bookkeeping. ROLLBACK_STATE flips to "armed" the moment the script
+# starts mutating the deployment, and back to "disarmed" once the migration has
+# completed successfully.
+ROLLBACK_STATE="disarmed"
+ENV_EXISTED="unknown"
+# Verdict the server logs about the license key on startup: ok, rejected, or
+# unknown when neither line appeared before the timeout.
+LICENSE_VERDICT="unknown"
+LICENSE_LOG_LINES=""
+ENV_BACKUP=""
+PG_VOLUME_NAME=""
+BACKUP_DIR=""
+
+# Store state. STORE_ENGINE is what the deployment runs on today; when it is
+# already postgres, MIGRATE_POSTGRES stays "no" and nothing is provisioned.
+# POSTGRES_SERVICE is empty when Postgres lives outside this compose project.
+STORE_ENGINE=""
+EXISTING_POSTGRES="no"
+POSTGRES_DSN=""
+POSTGRES_SERVICE=""
+POSTGRES_DEPENDS_CONDITION="service_healthy"
+# Whether this run needs to generate config.yaml.enterprise at all. A pure
+# image swap does not.
+ENTERPRISE_CONFIG="no"
+
+NETBIRD_EULA_URL="https://netbird.io/self-hosted-EULA"
+
+check_docker_compose() {
+  if ! command -v docker &> /dev/null && ! command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "Docker is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/" > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  if docker compose version &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "docker compose"
+    return
+  fi
+  if command -v docker-compose &> /dev/null && docker-compose version &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "docker-compose"
+    return
+  fi
+
+  echo "Docker Compose is not installed or not in PATH. Please follow the steps from the official guide: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/" > /dev/stderr
+  exit 1
+}
+
+check_yq() {
+  if ! command -v yq &> /dev/null; then
+    cat > /dev/stderr <<'EOF'
+yq is required to parse and update YAML safely.
+
+  macOS:   brew install yq
+  Linux:   https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases (download binary into PATH)
+  Debian:  apt-get install yq   (Note: must be the mikefarah Go yq, not the Python wrapper.)
+
+EOF
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if ! yq --version 2>&1 | grep -q "mikefarah"; then
+    echo "yq is present but appears to be the wrong implementation. The mikefarah Go-based yq is required (https://github.com/mikefarah/yq)." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+check_openssl() {
+  if ! command -v openssl &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "openssl is not installed or not in PATH." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+rand_password() {
+  openssl rand -hex 32
+}
+
+read_required() {
+  local prompt="$1"
+  local value=""
+  while [[ -z "$value" ]]; do
+    echo -n "$prompt: " > /dev/stderr
+    read -r value < /dev/tty
+    if [[ -z "$value" ]]; then
+      echo "Value cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
+    fi
+  done
+  echo "$value"
+}
+
+read_secret() {
+  local prompt="$1"
+  local value=""
+  while [[ -z "$value" ]]; do
+    echo -n "$prompt: " > /dev/stderr
+    read -rs value < /dev/tty
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    if [[ -z "$value" ]]; then
+      echo "Value cannot be empty." > /dev/stderr
+    fi
+  done
+  echo "$value"
+}
+
+read_yes_no() {
+  local prompt="$1"
+  local default="${2:-n}"
+  local hint
+  if [[ "$default" == "y" ]]; then
+    hint="[Y/n]"
+  else
+    hint="[y/N]"
+  fi
+  echo -n "${prompt} ${hint}: " > /dev/stderr
+  local ans=""
+  read -r ans < /dev/tty
+  if [[ -z "$ans" ]]; then
+    ans="$default"
+  fi
+  case "$ans" in
+    [Yy] | [Yy][Ee][Ss]) echo "yes" ;;
+    *) echo "no" ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# Gate the migration on explicit acceptance of the NetBird On-Premise EULA.
+require_eula_acceptance() {
+  cat > /dev/stderr <<EOF
+
+  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+   NetBird On-Premise End User License Agreement
+  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  NetBird's on-premise software is commercial software, licensed and not
+  sold. Your installation, deployment and use are governed by the NetBird
+  On-Premise End User License Agreement (the "EULA"). Please read the EULA
+  in full before continuing:
+
+      ${NETBIRD_EULA_URL}
+
+  By typing "accept" and continuing the installation, you confirm that you
+  have read and agree to the EULA, that you are authorized to accept it on
+  behalf of your organization (the "Customer"), and that the Software is
+  used for business purposes only.
+  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+EOF
+
+  if [[ "${NB_ACCEPT_EULA:-}" == "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "EULA accepted via NB_ACCEPT_EULA=yes." > /dev/stderr
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  local ans=""
+  echo -n 'Type "accept" to agree, or anything else to abort: ' > /dev/stderr
+  read -r ans < /dev/tty
+  if [[ "$ans" != "accept" ]]; then
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "EULA not accepted. Aborting migration." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  echo "" > /dev/stderr
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Detection — read the operator's existing compose to find service names and
+# paths we need to override. Bail loudly if shape isn't recognised.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+detect_combined_service() {
+  yq eval '.services | to_entries | map(select(.value.image | test("^(ghcr\\.io/)?netbirdio/netbird-server([:@]|$)"))) | .[0].key // ""' "$COMPOSE_FILE"
+}
+
+detect_dashboard_service() {
+  yq eval '.services | to_entries | map(select(.value.image | test("^(ghcr\\.io/)?netbirdio/dashboard([:@]|$)"))) | .[0].key // ""' "$COMPOSE_FILE"
+}
+
+detect_config_yaml_host_path() {
+  yq eval ".services[\"$COMBINED_SERVICE\"].volumes[] | select(. | test(\":/etc/netbird/config.yaml\")) | sub(\":/etc/netbird/config.yaml.*\"; \"\") // \"\"" "$COMPOSE_FILE" | head -1
+}
+
+detect_data_volume() {
+  yq eval ".services[\"$COMBINED_SERVICE\"].volumes[] | select(. | test(\":/var/lib/netbird\")) | sub(\":/var/lib/netbird.*\"; \"\") // \"\"" "$COMPOSE_FILE" | head -1
+}
+
+detect_exposed_address() {
+  yq eval '.server.exposedAddress // ""' "$CONFIG_YAML_HOST"
+}
+
+# The engine is a config.yaml-only setting — there is no env override for it
+# (combined/cmd/root.go reads it from YAML and derives the env vars), so
+# config.yaml is authoritative. Absent means the sqlite default.
+detect_store_engine() {
+  local engine
+  engine=$(yq eval '.server.store.engine // ""' "$CONFIG_YAML_HOST")
+  if [[ -z "$engine" ]] || [[ "$engine" == "null" ]]; then
+    engine="sqlite"
+  fi
+  echo "$engine" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
+}
+
+detect_store_dsn() {
+  yq eval '.server.store.dsn // ""' "$CONFIG_YAML_HOST"
+}
+
+# config.yaml is where a combined deployment carries its DSN; this only covers
+# hand-rolled installs that keep it in the environment instead.
+detect_store_dsn_from_compose() {
+  # `compose config` re-escapes a literal $ as $$ on the way out, so undo that
+  # to get the value the container actually receives.
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND config 2>/dev/null | yq eval "
+    .services[\"$COMBINED_SERVICE\"].environment.NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN //
+    .services[\"$COMBINED_SERVICE\"].environment.NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN // \"\"
+  " - 2>/dev/null | sed 's/\$\$/$/g'
+}
+
+# Reads either DSN form: "host=db ..." or "postgres://user:pass@db:5432/name".
+dsn_host() {
+  local dsn="$1"
+  case "$dsn" in
+    *://*) printf '%s' "$dsn" | sed -n 's,^[a-zA-Z+]*://\([^/?]*\).*,\1,p' | sed -e 's,.*@,,' -e 's,:.*,,' ;;
+    *) printf '%s' "$dsn" | sed -n 's/.*[[:space:]]*host=\([^[:space:]]*\).*/\1/p' ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# flow-enricher is its own container, so a loopback host or a socket path would
+# reach the enricher rather than Postgres. Only flag hosts we can positively
+# identify — an unparseable DSN must not leave the operator with no way forward.
+dsn_host_reachable() {
+  local dsn="$1"
+  case "$(dsn_host "$dsn")" in
+    localhost | 127.* | ::1 | 0.0.0.0 | /*) return 1 ;;
+    *) return 0 ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# Names the compose service running this deployment's Postgres, for depends_on.
+# Empty means external — the DSN host matched no service. A DSN with no readable
+# host falls back to matching on image.
+detect_postgres_service() {
+  local host
+  host=$(dsn_host "$POSTGRES_DSN")
+  if [[ -n "$host" ]]; then
+    if [[ "$(host="$host" yq eval '.services | has(env(host))' "$COMPOSE_FILE" 2>/dev/null)" == "true" ]]; then
+      echo "$host"
+    fi
+    return
+  fi
+  yq eval '.services | to_entries | map(select(.value.image // "" | test("(^|/)(postgres|postgis|pgvector|timescaledb)(:|@|$)"))) | .[0].key // ""' "$COMPOSE_FILE"
+}
+
+# depends_on: service_healthy is only legal if the service defines a healthcheck.
+detect_postgres_depends_condition() {
+  local tag
+  tag=$(yq eval ".services[\"$POSTGRES_SERVICE\"].healthcheck | tag" "$COMPOSE_FILE" 2>/dev/null)
+  if [[ "$tag" == "!!map" ]]; then
+    echo "service_healthy"
+  else
+    echo "service_started"
+  fi
+}
+
+env_value() {
+  local value="$1"
+  value=$(printf '%s' "$value" | sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' -e 's/"/\\"/g' -e 's/\$/$$/g')
+  printf '"%s"' "$value"
+}
+
+detect_compose_network() {
+  local tag
+  tag=$(yq eval ".services[\"$COMBINED_SERVICE\"].networks | tag" "$COMPOSE_FILE" 2>/dev/null)
+  case "$tag" in
+    "!!seq")
+      yq eval ".services[\"$COMBINED_SERVICE\"].networks[0]" "$COMPOSE_FILE"
+      ;;
+    "!!map")
+      yq eval ".services[\"$COMBINED_SERVICE\"].networks | keys | .[0]" "$COMPOSE_FILE"
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "default"
+      ;;
+  esac
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Renderers
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Build docker-compose.override.yml from the steps the operator selected.
+# Service names match what we detected on the operator's side.
+render_override() {
+  cat <<EOF
+# Generated by migrate-to-enterprise.sh. Mode 644.
+# Merged with docker-compose.yml automatically by Docker Compose.
+# Remove this file (and config.yaml.enterprise if present) to revert.
+
+services:
+  ${COMBINED_SERVICE}:
+    image: \${NETBIRD_SERVER_IMAGE:-ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server-cloud:latest}
+    environment:
+      NB_LICENSE_KEY: \${NB_LICENSE_KEY}
+      NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL: \${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL}
+EOF
+
+  # An existing Postgres is already wired up by the operator's own compose file,
+  # so only a Postgres this run creates needs a depends_on.
+  if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+    cat <<EOF
+    depends_on:
+      ${POSTGRES_SERVICE}:
+        condition: ${POSTGRES_DEPENDS_CONDITION}
+EOF
+  fi
+
+  # The server is only pointed at a different config file when this run
+  # generates one. A pure image swap leaves it on its original config.yaml.
+  if [[ "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG" == "yes" ]]; then
+    cat <<EOF
+    volumes:
+      - ./${ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE}:/etc/netbird/config.yaml.enterprise:ro
+    command: ["--config", "/etc/netbird/config.yaml.enterprise"]
+EOF
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+    cat <<EOF
+
+  ${POSTGRES_SERVICE}:
+    image: postgres:17
+    container_name: netbird-postgres
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [${COMPOSE_NETWORK}]
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_USER: netbird
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: \${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
+      POSTGRES_DB: netbird
+    volumes:
+      - netbird_postgres:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U netbird -d netbird"]
+      interval: 5s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 20
+EOF
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$ENABLE_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+    # Nothing to wait on when Postgres is managed outside this compose project.
+    local enricher_depends=""
+    if [[ -n "$POSTGRES_SERVICE" ]]; then
+      enricher_depends="
+      ${POSTGRES_SERVICE}:
+        condition: ${POSTGRES_DEPENDS_CONDITION}"
+    fi
+
+    cat <<EOF
+
+  nats:
+    image: nats:2
+    container_name: netbird-nats
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [${COMPOSE_NETWORK}]
+    command: ["-m", "8222", "--jetstream", "--store_dir", "/data"]
+    volumes:
+      - netbird_nats_data:/data
+
+  flow-enricher:
+    image: ghcr.io/netbirdio/flow-enricher-cloud:latest
+    container_name: netbird-flow-enricher
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [${COMPOSE_NETWORK}]
+    depends_on:${enricher_depends}
+      nats:
+        condition: service_started
+    environment:
+      NB_LICENSE_KEY: \${NB_LICENSE_KEY}
+      NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL: \${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL}
+      NB_DATADIR: /var/lib/netbird
+      NB_MANAGEMENT_STORE_ENGINE: postgres
+      NB_MANAGEMENT_POSTGRES_DSN: \${NB_ENTERPRISE_POSTGRES_DSN}
+      NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN: \${NB_ENTERPRISE_POSTGRES_DSN}
+      NB_TRAFFIC_EVENT_STORE_ENGINE: postgres
+      NB_TRAFFIC_EVENT_POSTGRES_DSN: \${NB_ENTERPRISE_POSTGRES_DSN}
+      NB_MANAGEMENT_STORE_KEY: \${NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY}
+      NB_FLOW_ADAPTER_TYPE: nats
+      NB_FLOW_NATS_ENDPOINTS: nats://nats:4222
+      NB_FLOW_NATS_STREAM: traffic-events
+      NB_METRICS_PORT: 9091
+      NB_PERSISTENCE_RETENTION_PERIOD: 168h
+
+  flow-receiver:
+    image: ghcr.io/netbirdio/flow-receiver-cloud:latest
+    container_name: netbird-flow-receiver
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    networks: [${COMPOSE_NETWORK}]
+    depends_on:
+      nats:
+        condition: service_started
+    environment:
+      NB_LICENSE_KEY: \${NB_LICENSE_KEY}
+      NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL: \${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL}
+      NB_FLOW_LISTEN_PORT: 80
+      NB_FLOW_ADAPTER_TYPE: nats
+      NB_FLOW_NATS_ENDPOINTS: nats://nats:4222
+      NB_FLOW_NATS_STREAM: traffic-events
+      NB_FLOW_AUTH_SECRET: \${NB_FLOW_AUTH_SECRET}
+    labels:
+      - traefik.enable=true
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.rule=Host(\`${NETBIRD_HOSTNAME}\`) && PathPrefix(\`/flow.FlowService/\`)
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.entrypoints=websecure
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.tls=true
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.tls.certresolver=letsencrypt
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.service=netbird-flow-h2c
+      - traefik.http.routers.netbird-flow.priority=100
+      - traefik.http.services.netbird-flow-h2c.loadbalancer.server.port=80
+      - traefik.http.services.netbird-flow-h2c.loadbalancer.server.scheme=h2c
+EOF
+  fi
+
+  # Volume declarations for anything new the override introduced
+  local has_volumes="no"
+  if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]] || [[ "$ENABLE_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+    has_volumes="yes"
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$has_volumes" == "yes" ]]; then
+    cat <<EOF
+
+volumes:
+EOF
+    if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+      echo "  netbird_postgres:"
+    fi
+    if [[ "$ENABLE_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+      echo "  netbird_nats_data:"
+    fi
+  fi
+}
+
+# Build config.yaml.enterprise from the operator's existing config.yaml. We
+# don't touch the original file. Values go through strenv() so a DSN carrying
+# quotes, backslashes or $ cannot break out of the expression.
+render_enterprise_config() {
+  {
+    echo "# Generated by migrate-to-enterprise.sh from ${CONFIG_YAML_HOST}."
+    echo "# The enterprise server is started with --config pointing at this file,"
+    echo "# so later edits to ${CONFIG_YAML_HOST} have no effect until copied here."
+    cat "$CONFIG_YAML_HOST"
+  } > "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE"
+
+  if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+    # Fresh Postgres: point every store section at it. migrate-store carries the
+    # SQLite contents across.
+    POSTGRES_DSN="$POSTGRES_DSN" yq eval -i '
+      .server.store.engine = "postgres" |
+      .server.store.dsn = strenv(POSTGRES_DSN) |
+      .server.activityStore.engine = "postgres" |
+      .server.activityStore.dsn = strenv(POSTGRES_DSN) |
+      .server.authStore.engine = "postgres" |
+      .server.authStore.dsn = strenv(POSTGRES_DSN)
+    ' "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE"
+  fi
+  # Otherwise the store config is the operator's and stays untouched.
+  # activityStore and authStore do not inherit from server.store — each falls
+  # back to its own SQLite file under dataDir — so repointing them at Postgres
+  # here would silently strand the existing audit log and the embedded IdP's
+  # users, with no migrate-store run to carry them over.
+
+  if [[ "$ENABLE_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+    NETBIRD_DOMAIN="$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" yq eval -i '
+      .server.trafficFlow.enabled = true |
+      .server.trafficFlow.address = strenv(NETBIRD_DOMAIN) |
+      .server.trafficFlow.interval = "60s"
+    ' "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE"
+  fi
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Execution steps
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+combined_container_id() {
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND ps -aq "$COMBINED_SERVICE" 2>/dev/null | head -1
+}
+
+container_data_mount() {
+  local container="$1"
+  [[ -n "$container" ]] || return 0
+  docker inspect "$container" --format \
+    '{{range .Mounts}}{{if eq .Destination "/var/lib/netbird"}}{{if .Name}}{{.Name}}{{else}}{{.Source}}{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}' 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+# The name comes from the container, so `-v` cannot invent an empty volume here.
+# 0 = empty, 1 = holds data, 2 = could not determine. A failed listing must not
+# be reported as empty: that would abort a healthy migration over a pull error
+# or an unreadable bind mount.
+data_dir_state() {
+  local src="$1" out
+  if [[ "$src" == /* ]]; then
+    [[ -d "$src" ]] || return 2
+    out=$(ls -A "$src" 2>/dev/null) || return 2
+  else
+    docker volume inspect "$src" &> /dev/null || return 0
+    out=$(docker run --rm -v "${src}:/d:ro" busybox sh -c 'ls -A /d' 2>/dev/null) || return 2
+  fi
+  [[ -z "$out" ]] && return 0
+  return 1
+}
+
+check_data_directory() {
+  [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]] || return 0
+
+  local container
+  container=$(combined_container_id)
+  if [[ -z "$container" ]]; then
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "No container found for service '$COMBINED_SERVICE'." > /dev/stderr
+    echo "The migration backs up the store by copying it out of that container," > /dev/stderr
+    echo "so it has to exist. Start the deployment and re-run:" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d" > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  local src
+  src=$(container_data_mount "$container")
+  if [[ -z "$src" ]]; then
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "The '$COMBINED_SERVICE' container has nothing mounted at /var/lib/netbird." > /dev/stderr
+    echo "Cannot locate the NetBird store to back it up." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  local state=0
+  data_dir_state "$src" || state=$?
+  if [[ $state -eq 0 ]]; then
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "The NetBird data directory is empty:" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "  $src" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "There is nothing to migrate. Check that you are running this from the" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "deployment directory of the NetBird install you mean to migrate." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [[ $state -eq 2 ]]; then
+    echo "  ⚠ Could not read $src to confirm it holds data — continuing." > /dev/stderr
+    echo "    The backup step still fails loudly if it turns out to be empty." > /dev/stderr
+  fi
+
+  echo "  Data directory:   $src"
+}
+
+# Only for the Postgres volume, which has no container to read it off yet.
+resolve_compose_volume() {
+  local short="$1"
+  local actual
+  # Resolve project-prefixed volume name from Docker Compose config first.
+  actual=$($DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND config 2>/dev/null | yq eval ".volumes.\"$short\".name" - 2>/dev/null)
+  if [[ -n "$actual" && "$actual" != "null" ]]; then
+    echo "$actual"
+    return
+  fi
+  # Relative bind mount: docker-compose resolves it against the compose
+  # file's directory, but `docker run -v` resolves it against the current
+  # working directory. Normalize to an absolute path so both interpretations
+  # agree (and the printed revert command works from any CWD).
+  if [[ "$short" == ./* || "$short" == ../* ]]; then
+    local compose_dir
+    compose_dir="$(cd "$(dirname "$COMPOSE_FILE")" && pwd)"
+    (
+      cd "$compose_dir"
+      cd "$(dirname "$short")"
+      printf '%s/%s\n' "$(pwd)" "$(basename "$short")"
+    )
+    return
+  fi
+  # Not a named volume (e.g. an absolute bind-mount path) — use it as-is.
+  echo "$short"
+}
+
+backup_sqlite() {
+  BACKUP_DIR="$(pwd)/backups/sqlite-pre-enterprise-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
+  mkdir -p "$BACKUP_DIR"
+
+  local container
+  container=$(combined_container_id)
+  if [[ -z "$container" ]]; then
+    echo "  ⚠ No container found for '$COMBINED_SERVICE' — cannot back up the store." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  echo "Backing up the NetBird store to $BACKUP_DIR ..."
+  docker cp "${container}:/var/lib/netbird/." "$BACKUP_DIR/"
+
+  local copied
+  copied=$(find "$BACKUP_DIR" -mindepth 1 | head -1)
+  if [[ -z "$copied" ]]; then
+    echo "  ⚠ Backup directory is empty — /var/lib/netbird held no data. Aborting." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  echo "  done"
+}
+
+run_migrate_store() {
+  echo "Running migrate-store (SQLite → Postgres) ..."
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND run --rm "$COMBINED_SERVICE" migrate-store --config /etc/netbird/config.yaml.enterprise --verify
+  echo "  done"
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Rollback — a failed run must not leave the operator with a stopped stack and
+# half-written artifacts.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Resolve the name Compose would give the Postgres volume before the override
+# exists, so a leftover volume can be spotted up front.
+compose_project_name() {
+  local container project
+  container=$($DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND ps -aq 2>/dev/null | head -1)
+  if [[ -n "$container" ]]; then
+    project=$(docker inspect "$container" \
+      --format '{{index .Config.Labels "com.docker.compose.project"}}' 2>/dev/null)
+    if [[ -n "$project" ]]; then
+      echo "$project"
+      return 0
+    fi
+  fi
+  project=$($DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND config 2>/dev/null | yq eval '.name // ""' - 2>/dev/null)
+  if [[ -n "$project" ]] && [[ "$project" != "null" ]]; then
+    echo "$project"
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+postgres_volume_name() {
+  local project
+  project=$(compose_project_name)
+  if [[ -n "$project" ]]; then
+    echo "${project}_netbird_postgres"
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+# Postgres skips initdb when its data directory is non-empty, so a volume left
+# behind by an interrupted run would keep the old password and old contents,
+# and migrate-store would fail against it.
+check_stale_postgres_volume() {
+  [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]] || return 0
+
+  PG_VOLUME_NAME=$(postgres_volume_name)
+  if [[ -z "$PG_VOLUME_NAME" ]]; then
+    echo ""
+    echo "  ⚠ Could not determine the Compose project name, so a Postgres volume"
+    echo "    left over from an earlier attempt cannot be checked for. If a"
+    echo "    previous run failed, remove it before continuing:"
+    echo "      docker volume ls | grep netbird_postgres"
+    return 0
+  fi
+  docker volume inspect "$PG_VOLUME_NAME" &> /dev/null || return 0
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "  ⚠  A Postgres volume from an earlier attempt already exists:"
+  echo "       $PG_VOLUME_NAME"
+  echo "     Postgres does not re-initialise a non-empty data directory, so the"
+  echo "     migration would run against stale credentials and stale data."
+  local remove
+  remove=$(read_yes_no "  Remove it and continue?" "y")
+  if [[ "$remove" != "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "Aborted. Remove it manually with: docker volume rm $PG_VOLUME_NAME" > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  docker volume rm "$PG_VOLUME_NAME" > /dev/null
+  echo "  Removed."
+}
+
+# Undo whatever this run changed and start the previous deployment again.
+rollback() {
+  ROLLBACK_STATE="done"
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  echo " Migration failed — restoring the previous deployment"
+  echo "──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+
+  # Resolve while the override is still present; without it Compose no longer
+  # knows about the Postgres volume.
+  local pg_volume="$PG_VOLUME_NAME"
+  if [[ -z "$pg_volume" ]] && [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+    pg_volume=$(postgres_volume_name)
+  fi
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Stopping services ..."
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND down || true
+
+  echo "Removing generated files ..."
+  rm -f "$OVERRIDE_FILE" "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE"
+
+  # Restore .env to exactly what it was, or remove it if this run created it.
+  if [[ "$ENV_EXISTED" == "yes" ]] && [[ -f "$ENV_BACKUP" ]]; then
+    mv -f "$ENV_BACKUP" .env || echo "  ⚠ Could not restore .env from $ENV_BACKUP." > /dev/stderr
+  elif [[ "$ENV_EXISTED" == "no" ]]; then
+    rm -f .env || true
+  fi
+
+  # Only ever the volume this run created — never the NetBird data volume.
+  if [[ -n "$pg_volume" ]] && [[ "$pg_volume" != "null" ]]; then
+    echo "Removing Postgres volume $pg_volume ..."
+    docker volume rm "$pg_volume" &> /dev/null || true
+  fi
+
+  echo "Starting the previous deployment ..."
+  if ! $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d; then
+    echo ""
+    echo "  ⚠ Could not start the previous deployment automatically." > /dev/stderr
+    echo "    Run: $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d" > /dev/stderr
+  fi
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Rolled back. Your docker-compose.yml, config.yaml and the NetBird data"
+  echo "volume were never modified."
+  if [[ -n "$BACKUP_DIR" ]] && [[ -d "$BACKUP_DIR" ]]; then
+    echo "The SQLite backup taken during this run is kept at:"
+    echo "  $BACKUP_DIR"
+  fi
+  echo "──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+}
+
+on_exit() {
+  local code=$?
+  trap - EXIT
+  if [[ $code -ne 0 ]] && [[ "$ROLLBACK_STATE" == "armed" ]]; then
+    rollback
+  fi
+  exit $code
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Main
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Already on Postgres: there is nothing to provision and nothing to migrate.
+# The enterprise image reads the very same store config the community image
+# did, so step 2 collapses to a no-op and the run is a plain image swap.
+configure_existing_postgres() {
+  EXISTING_POSTGRES="yes"
+  MIGRATE_POSTGRES="no"
+
+  # DSN first — detect_postgres_service prefers the host it names.
+  POSTGRES_DSN=$(detect_store_dsn)
+  if [[ -z "$POSTGRES_DSN" ]] || [[ "$POSTGRES_DSN" == "null" ]]; then
+    POSTGRES_DSN=$(detect_store_dsn_from_compose)
+  fi
+  if [[ "$POSTGRES_DSN" == "null" ]]; then
+    POSTGRES_DSN=""
+  fi
+
+  POSTGRES_SERVICE=$(detect_postgres_service)
+  if [[ -n "$POSTGRES_SERVICE" ]]; then
+    POSTGRES_DEPENDS_CONDITION=$(detect_postgres_depends_condition)
+  fi
+
+  echo "Step 2: Postgres migration not needed — this deployment already runs on"
+  echo "        Postgres. Its store configuration is reused as-is and left"
+  echo "        untouched; no database is created and no data is moved."
+  if [[ -n "$POSTGRES_SERVICE" ]]; then
+    echo "        Postgres service: $POSTGRES_SERVICE (in $COMPOSE_FILE)"
+  else
+    echo "        Postgres service: managed outside $COMPOSE_FILE"
+  fi
+}
+
+configure_sqlite_store() {
+  MIGRATE_POSTGRES=$(read_yes_no "Step 2: Migrate storage from SQLite to Postgres? (recommended)" "n")
+  [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]] || return 0
+
+  # The override would otherwise merge into a service of the same name and
+  # quietly rewrite its image and credentials.
+  local existing
+  existing=$(yq eval '.services | has("postgres")' "$COMPOSE_FILE")
+  if [[ "$existing" == "true" ]]; then
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "$COMPOSE_FILE already defines a service named 'postgres', but config.yaml" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "still has server.store.engine: sqlite. This script would add its own" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "'postgres' service and Compose would merge the two." > /dev/stderr
+    echo "" > /dev/stderr
+    echo "Point server.store.engine at that Postgres yourself, or rename the service," > /dev/stderr
+    echo "then re-run." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "  ⚠  Data will be migrated from SQLite to Postgres. The SQLite store"
+  echo "     will be backed up automatically. To fully revert later, restore"
+  echo "     that backup and delete docker-compose.override.yml +"
+  echo "     config.yaml.enterprise."
+  local confirm
+  confirm=$(read_yes_no "  Continue?" "y")
+  if [[ "$confirm" != "yes" ]]; then
+    MIGRATE_POSTGRES="no"
+    echo "  Skipping Postgres migration."
+    return 0
+  fi
+
+  POSTGRES_PASSWORD=$(rand_password)
+  POSTGRES_SERVICE="postgres"
+  POSTGRES_DEPENDS_CONDITION="service_healthy"
+  POSTGRES_DSN="host=postgres user=netbird password=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD} dbname=netbird port=5432 sslmode=disable"
+}
+
+# mysql, or something this script has never seen. Swapping the images is still
+# valid; touching the store is not.
+configure_unsupported_store() {
+  MIGRATE_POSTGRES="no"
+  echo "  ⚠  server.store.engine is '$STORE_ENGINE'. This script only migrates"
+  echo "     SQLite to Postgres, and traffic flow requires Postgres, so both are"
+  echo "     unavailable here. The store configuration will be left untouched."
+  echo ""
+  local proceed
+  proceed=$(read_yes_no "Step 2 skipped. Continue with the image swap only?" "n")
+  if [[ "$proceed" != "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "Aborted."
+    exit 0
+  fi
+}
+
+init_migration() {
+  DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND=$(check_docker_compose)
+  check_yq
+  check_openssl
+
+  COMPOSE_FILE="${COMPOSE_FILE:-docker-compose.yml}"
+
+  if [[ ! -f "$COMPOSE_FILE" ]]; then
+    echo "$COMPOSE_FILE not found in $(pwd)." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [[ -f "$OVERRIDE_FILE" ]] || [[ -f "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE" ]]; then
+    echo "Migration artifacts already exist in $(pwd):"
+    [[ -f "$OVERRIDE_FILE" ]] && echo "  $OVERRIDE_FILE"
+    [[ -f "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE" ]] && echo "  $ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE"
+    echo ""
+    echo "Either you've already migrated, or a previous run was interrupted."
+    echo "To re-run cleanly: rm -f $OVERRIDE_FILE $ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  COMBINED_SERVICE=$(detect_combined_service)
+  DASHBOARD_SERVICE=$(detect_dashboard_service)
+  CONFIG_YAML_HOST=$(detect_config_yaml_host_path)
+  DATA_VOLUME=$(detect_data_volume)
+  COMPOSE_NETWORK=$(detect_compose_network)
+
+  if [[ -z "$COMBINED_SERVICE" ]]; then
+    echo "Could not find a service running netbirdio/netbird-server or ghcr.io/netbirdio/netbird-server in $COMPOSE_FILE." > /dev/stderr
+    echo "This script targets the community combined-server deployment." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [[ -z "$DASHBOARD_SERVICE" ]]; then
+    echo "Could not find a service running netbirdio/dashboard or ghcr.io/netbirdio/dashboard in $COMPOSE_FILE." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [[ -z "$CONFIG_YAML_HOST" ]]; then
+    echo "Could not find a config.yaml mount on $COMBINED_SERVICE (expected to bind-mount to /etc/netbird/config.yaml)." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [[ ! -f "$CONFIG_YAML_HOST" ]]; then
+    echo "config.yaml host file not found at $CONFIG_YAML_HOST." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  if [[ -z "$DATA_VOLUME" ]]; then
+    echo "Could not find a volume mounted at /var/lib/netbird on $COMBINED_SERVICE." > /dev/stderr
+    exit 1
+  fi
+
+  STORE_ENGINE=$(detect_store_engine)
+
+  echo "Detected existing deployment:"
+  echo "  Combined service: $COMBINED_SERVICE"
+  echo "  Dashboard:        $DASHBOARD_SERVICE"
+  echo "  config.yaml:      $CONFIG_YAML_HOST"
+  echo "  Data volume:      $DATA_VOLUME"
+  echo "  Network:          $COMPOSE_NETWORK"
+  echo "  Store engine:     $STORE_ENGINE"
+  echo ""
+
+  require_eula_acceptance
+  NETBIRD_EULA_ACCEPTED_AT=$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)
+
+  local proceed
+  proceed=$(read_yes_no "Proceed with migration?" "y")
+  if [[ "$proceed" != "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "Aborted."
+    exit 0
+  fi
+
+  # Step 1 — always (this is the point of the script)
+  MIGRATE_IMAGES="yes"
+  echo ""
+  echo "Step 1: Image swap (community → Enterprise). License key required."
+  NB_LICENSE_KEY=$(read_secret "  License key")
+
+  # Step 2 — what this does depends on what the deployment already stores in.
+  echo ""
+  case "$STORE_ENGINE" in
+    postgres) configure_existing_postgres ;;
+    sqlite) configure_sqlite_store ;;
+    *) configure_unsupported_store ;;
+  esac
+
+  # Step 3 — optional, only if Postgres is on (flow requires Postgres)
+  echo ""
+  if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]] || [[ "$EXISTING_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+    ENABLE_FLOW=$(read_yes_no "Step 3: Enable traffic flow? (requires Postgres)" "n")
+    if [[ "$ENABLE_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+      # Auth secret MUST match server.authSecret from config.yaml
+      NB_FLOW_AUTH_SECRET=$(yq eval '.server.authSecret // ""' "$CONFIG_YAML_HOST")
+      if [[ -z "$NB_FLOW_AUTH_SECRET" ]] || [[ "$NB_FLOW_AUTH_SECRET" == "null" ]]; then
+        echo "Could not read server.authSecret from $CONFIG_YAML_HOST." > /dev/stderr
+        echo "Flow receiver auth must match the combined server's authSecret." > /dev/stderr
+        exit 1
+      fi
+
+      NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(detect_exposed_address)
+      if [[ -z "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" ]] || [[ "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" == "null" ]]; then
+        NETBIRD_DOMAIN=$(read_required "  Public NetBird URL (e.g. https://netbird.example.com)")
+      fi
+      # Strip protocol + port to leave just the hostname for the Traefik Host() rule.
+      NETBIRD_HOSTNAME=$(echo "$NETBIRD_DOMAIN" | sed -E 's,^https?://,,' | sed 's,:.*,,' | sed 's,/.*,,')
+
+      # We need the encryption key from the existing config.yaml for the enricher
+      NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(yq eval '.server.store.encryptionKey // ""' "$CONFIG_YAML_HOST")
+      if [[ -z "$NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY" ]] || [[ "$NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY" == "null" ]]; then
+        echo "Could not read server.store.encryptionKey from $CONFIG_YAML_HOST." > /dev/stderr
+        exit 1
+      fi
+
+      # flow-enricher talks to Postgres directly, so this is the one place an
+      # existing deployment's DSN is actually needed — and the one place a host
+      # that only works from inside the server container shows up.
+      while :; do
+        local dsn_problem=""
+        if [[ -z "$POSTGRES_DSN" ]]; then
+          dsn_problem="No DSN could be read from $CONFIG_YAML_HOST or from the $COMBINED_SERVICE environment."
+        elif ! dsn_host_reachable "$POSTGRES_DSN"; then
+          dsn_problem="Its host '$(dsn_host "$POSTGRES_DSN")' only resolves inside the server container."
+        fi
+        [[ -n "$dsn_problem" ]] || break
+
+        echo ""
+        echo "  The flow enricher reaches Postgres from a container of its own."
+        echo "  $dsn_problem"
+        echo "  Enter a DSN reachable from other containers, or press Ctrl-C to abort."
+        POSTGRES_DSN=$(read_required "  Postgres DSN (host=… user=… password=… dbname=… port=5432 sslmode=disable)")
+      done
+
+      # Only where the operator owns Postgres: a DSN entered above may name a
+      # different host. The sqlite path creates its own service, nothing to find.
+      if [[ "$EXISTING_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+        POSTGRES_SERVICE=$(detect_postgres_service)
+        if [[ -n "$POSTGRES_SERVICE" ]]; then
+          POSTGRES_DEPENDS_CONDITION=$(detect_postgres_depends_condition)
+        fi
+      fi
+    fi
+  else
+    ENABLE_FLOW="no"
+    echo "Step 3 (traffic flow) skipped — requires Postgres."
+  fi
+
+  # config.yaml.enterprise only exists to hold changes; without any there is
+  # nothing to generate and the server keeps running on its own config.yaml.
+  if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]] || [[ "$ENABLE_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+    ENTERPRISE_CONFIG="yes"
+  fi
+
+  check_data_directory
+  check_stale_postgres_volume
+}
+
+wait_for_license_verdict() {
+  local counter=0
+  local logs=""
+
+  echo -n "Waiting for the server to validate the license"
+  while [[ $counter -lt 60 ]]; do
+
+    logs=$($DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --no-color --tail=all "$COMBINED_SERVICE" 2>/dev/null || true)
+
+    if grep -qi "license invalidated" <<< "$logs"; then
+      echo " rejected"
+      LICENSE_VERDICT="rejected"
+      LICENSE_LOG_LINES=$(grep -i "license" <<< "$logs" | tail -n 5 || true)
+      return 0
+    fi
+
+    if grep -qi "license validated" <<< "$logs"; then
+      echo " ok"
+      LICENSE_VERDICT="ok"
+      return 0
+    fi
+
+    echo -n " ."
+    sleep 2
+    counter=$((counter + 1))
+  done
+
+  echo " no verdict in 120s"
+  LICENSE_VERDICT="unknown"
+  LICENSE_LOG_LINES=$(grep -iE "failed to validate license|error validating license" <<< "$logs" | tail -n 3 || true)
+  return 0
+}
+
+apply_changes() {
+  # From here on a failure must roll the deployment back.
+  ROLLBACK_STATE="armed"
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Writing $OVERRIDE_FILE ..."
+  install -m 644 /dev/null "$OVERRIDE_FILE"
+  render_override > "$OVERRIDE_FILE"
+
+  if [[ -z "${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL:-}" ]]; then
+    sed -i.bak '/NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL/d' "$OVERRIDE_FILE" && rm -f "$OVERRIDE_FILE.bak"
+  fi
+
+  if [[ "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG" == "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "Writing $ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE ..."
+    install -m 600 /dev/null "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE"
+    render_enterprise_config
+  fi
+
+  # Persist secrets that the override file references via env interpolation.
+  # We write them to a .env file in the current directory; docker compose
+  # picks it up automatically.
+  echo "Writing .env additions (mode 600) ..."
+  local ENV_FILE=".env"
+  # Snapshot the operator's .env so a rollback can restore it byte for byte.
+  if [[ -f "$ENV_FILE" ]]; then
+    ENV_EXISTED="yes"
+    ENV_BACKUP="${ENV_FILE}.pre-enterprise-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
+    cp -p "$ENV_FILE" "$ENV_BACKUP"
+  else
+    ENV_EXISTED="no"
+  fi
+  touch "$ENV_FILE"
+  chmod 600 "$ENV_FILE"
+  {
+    echo ""
+    echo "# Added by migrate-to-enterprise.sh on $(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
+    echo "# NetBird On-Premise EULA accepted at install time"
+    echo "NETBIRD_EULA_ACCEPTED=yes"
+    echo "NETBIRD_EULA_ACCEPTED_AT=${NETBIRD_EULA_ACCEPTED_AT}"
+    echo "NETBIRD_EULA_URL=${NETBIRD_EULA_URL}"
+    echo "NB_LICENSE_KEY=${NB_LICENSE_KEY}"
+    if [[ -n "${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL:-}" ]]; then
+      echo "NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL=${NETBIRD_LICENSE_SERVER_BASE_URL}"
+    fi
+    if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+      echo "POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}"
+    fi
+    if [[ "$ENABLE_FLOW" == "yes" ]]; then
+      # Own variable name rather than NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN so that a
+      # deployment already setting that one keeps its own value.
+      echo "NB_ENTERPRISE_POSTGRES_DSN=$(env_value "$POSTGRES_DSN")"
+      echo "NB_FLOW_AUTH_SECRET=${NB_FLOW_AUTH_SECRET}"
+      echo "NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY=${NETBIRD_ENCRYPTION_KEY}"
+    fi
+  } >> "$ENV_FILE"
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Pulling enterprise images ..."
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND pull
+
+  if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+    echo ""
+    # Stop, but keep the containers: the backup reads the store out of one.
+    echo "Stopping services so the store is quiescent ..."
+    $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND stop
+
+    backup_sqlite
+
+    echo ""
+    echo "Removing stopped containers (volumes preserved) ..."
+    $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND down
+
+    echo ""
+    echo "Starting Postgres ..."
+    $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d postgres
+
+    # Wait for healthy
+    local counter=0
+    echo -n "Waiting for Postgres to become ready"
+    while ! $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND exec -T postgres pg_isready -U netbird -d netbird &> /dev/null; do
+      echo -n " ."
+      sleep 2
+      counter=$((counter + 1))
+      if [[ $counter -ge 60 ]]; then
+        echo ""
+        echo "Postgres did not become ready in 120s. Recent logs:"
+        $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs --tail=20 postgres
+        exit 1
+      fi
+    done
+    echo " done"
+
+    run_migrate_store
+  fi
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Bringing up all services ..."
+  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d
+
+  echo ""
+  wait_for_license_verdict
+
+  echo ""
+  echo "Migration complete."
+
+  if [[ "$LICENSE_VERDICT" == "rejected" ]]; then
+    local unreachable="false"
+    if grep -qi "couldn't be validated with the license server" <<< "$LICENSE_LOG_LINES"; then
+      unreachable="true"
+    fi
+
+    echo ""
+    if [[ "$unreachable" == "true" ]]; then
+      echo "  ⚠  The server could not validate the license:"
+    else
+      echo "  ⚠  The server rejected the license key:"
+    fi
+    while IFS= read -r line; do
+      [[ -n "$line" ]] && echo "     $line"
+    done <<< "$LICENSE_LOG_LINES"
+    echo ""
+    echo "     The migration itself completed: the images and any migrated data"
+    echo "     are in place, and only the license check did not pass."
+    echo ""
+    if [[ "$unreachable" == "true" ]]; then
+      echo "     The license server could not be reached, so the key itself was"
+      echo "     never checked. Confirm this host has outbound access to the"
+      echo "     license server, then restart:"
+    else
+      echo "     Check the reason the server gave above, verify that"
+      echo "     NB_LICENSE_KEY in .env matches the key you were issued, then"
+      echo "     restart:"
+    fi
+    echo ""
+    echo "       $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d"
+  elif [[ "$LICENSE_VERDICT" == "unknown" ]]; then
+    echo ""
+    echo "  ⚠  The server logged no license verdict within 120s."
+    if [[ -n "$LICENSE_LOG_LINES" ]]; then
+      echo "     It was still reporting validation errors:"
+      while IFS= read -r line; do
+        [[ -n "$line" ]] && echo "     $line"
+      done <<< "$LICENSE_LOG_LINES"
+    fi
+    echo ""
+    echo "     Check the verdict with:"
+    echo ""
+    echo "       $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs $COMBINED_SERVICE | grep -i license"
+  fi
+
+  # Nothing left to undo.
+  ROLLBACK_STATE="disarmed"
+}
+
+print_summary() {
+  echo ""
+  echo "──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  echo " Summary"
+  echo "──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  echo "  Images:           swapped to enterprise"
+  if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "  Storage:          Postgres (data migrated from SQLite)"
+  elif [[ "$EXISTING_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "  Storage:          Postgres (pre-existing, configuration unchanged)"
+  else
+    echo "  Storage:          $STORE_ENGINE (unchanged)"
+  fi
+  [[ "$ENABLE_FLOW" == "yes" ]] && echo "  Traffic flow:     enabled"
+  [[ "$ENABLE_FLOW" != "yes" ]] && echo "  Traffic flow:     disabled"
+  case "$LICENSE_VERDICT" in
+    ok)       echo "  License:          validated by the server" ;;
+    rejected) echo "  License:          REJECTED - see above, the install is not usable yet" ;;
+    *)        echo "  License:          not confirmed (no verdict in the logs yet)" ;;
+  esac
+  echo ""
+  echo "  Generated files (next to your docker-compose.yml):"
+  echo "    $OVERRIDE_FILE"
+  [[ "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG" == "yes" ]] && echo "    $ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE"
+  echo "    .env  (license key + secrets, mode 600)"
+  [[ "$ENV_EXISTED" == "yes" ]] && [[ -f "$ENV_BACKUP" ]] && echo "    $ENV_BACKUP  (.env as it was before this run)"
+  [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]] && echo "    backups/sqlite-pre-enterprise-*/  (SQLite backup)"
+  echo ""
+  echo " Tail logs:"
+  echo "   $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND logs -f $COMBINED_SERVICE"
+  echo ""
+  echo "──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  echo " To revert"
+  echo "──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+  if [[ "$MIGRATE_POSTGRES" == "yes" ]]; then
+    # Resolve the project-prefixed volume name now, before the override is gone.
+    local pg_volume
+    pg_volume=$(resolve_compose_volume "netbird_postgres")
+    echo "  # Stop, but keep the containers so the store can be copied back in:"
+    echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND stop"
+    echo "  # Restore SQLite from the backup created during this run:"
+    echo "  docker cp ${BACKUP_DIR}/. \$($DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND ps -aq $COMBINED_SERVICE):/var/lib/netbird/"
+    echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND down"
+    echo "  docker volume rm $pg_volume"
+  else
+    echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND down"
+  fi
+  if [[ "$ENTERPRISE_CONFIG" == "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "  rm -f $OVERRIDE_FILE $ENTERPRISE_CONFIG_FILE"
+  else
+    echo "  rm -f $OVERRIDE_FILE"
+  fi
+  if [[ "$ENV_EXISTED" == "yes" ]] && [[ -f "$ENV_BACKUP" ]]; then
+    echo "  mv $ENV_BACKUP .env   # restores .env as it was before this run"
+  elif [[ "$ENV_EXISTED" == "no" ]]; then
+    echo "  rm -f .env   # created by this run"
+  else
+    echo "  # Remove migrate-to-enterprise.sh additions from .env (search for the timestamp marker)"
+  fi
+  echo "  $DOCKER_COMPOSE_COMMAND up -d"
+  echo "──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Run
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+trap on_exit EXIT
+# Turn signals into a normal exit so the EXIT trap can roll back.
+trap 'exit 130' INT TERM
+
+init_migration
+apply_changes
+print_summary
+
+# A rejected license leaves a migrated but unusable install. Say so in the exit
+# code too, or a wrapper script reads this run as a clean success.
+if [[ "$LICENSE_VERDICT" == "rejected" ]]; then
+  exit 1
+fi
+exit 0
diff --git a/infrastructure_files/observability/grafana/dashboards/client.json b/infrastructure_files/observability/grafana/dashboards/client.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05306a972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infrastructure_files/observability/grafana/dashboards/client.json
@@ -0,0 +1,1107 @@
+{
+  "__inputs": [
+    {
+      "name": "DS_PROMETHEUS",
+      "label": "Prometheus",
+      "description": "",
+      "type": "datasource",
+      "pluginId": "prometheus",
+      "pluginName": "Prometheus"
+    }
+  ],
+  "__elements": {},
+  "__requires": [
+    {
+      "type": "grafana",
+      "id": "grafana",
+      "name": "Grafana",
+      "version": "11.1.1"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "datasource",
+      "id": "prometheus",
+      "name": "Prometheus",
+      "version": "1.0.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "panel",
+      "id": "stat",
+      "name": "Stat",
+      "version": ""
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "panel",
+      "id": "timeseries",
+      "name": "Time series",
+      "version": ""
+    }
+  ],
+  "annotations": {
+    "list": [
+      {
+        "builtIn": 1,
+        "datasource": {
+          "type": "grafana",
+          "uid": "-- Grafana --"
+        },
+        "enable": true,
+        "hide": true,
+        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
+        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
+        "type": "dashboard"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "editable": true,
+  "fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
+  "graphTooltip": 0,
+  "id": null,
+  "links": [],
+  "panels": [
+    {
+      "collapsed": false,
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 1,
+        "w": 24,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 0
+      },
+      "id": 1,
+      "panels": [],
+      "title": "Connection state",
+      "type": "row"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${datasource}"
+      },
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "thresholds"
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": null
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "green",
+                "value": 1
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "short"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 4,
+        "w": 6,
+        "x": 0,
+        "y": 1
+      },
+      "id": 2,
+      "options": {
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "area",
+        "justifyMode": "auto",
+        "orientation": "auto",
+        "percentChangeColorMode": "standard",
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": [
+            "lastNotNull"
+          ],
+          "fields": "",
+          "values": false
+        },
+        "showPercentChange": false,
+        "textMode": "auto",
+        "wideLayout": true
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${datasource}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "netbird_management_connected{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$instance\"}",
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
+          "range": true,
+          "refId": "A"
+        }
+      ],
+      "title": "Management connected",
+      "type": "stat"
+    },
+    {
+      "datasource": {
+        "type": "prometheus",
+        "uid": "${datasource}"
+      },
+      "fieldConfig": {
+        "defaults": {
+          "color": {
+            "mode": "thresholds"
+          },
+          "mappings": [],
+          "thresholds": {
+            "mode": "absolute",
+            "steps": [
+              {
+                "color": "red",
+                "value": null
+              },
+              {
+                "color": "green",
+                "value": 1
+              }
+            ]
+          },
+          "unit": "short"
+        },
+        "overrides": []
+      },
+      "gridPos": {
+        "h": 4,
+        "w": 6,
+        "x": 6,
+        "y": 1
+      },
+      "id": 3,
+      "options": {
+        "colorMode": "value",
+        "graphMode": "area",
+        "justifyMode": "auto",
+        "orientation": "auto",
+        "percentChangeColorMode": "standard",
+        "reduceOptions": {
+          "calcs": [
+            "lastNotNull"
+          ],
+          "fields": "",
+          "values": false
+        },
+        "showPercentChange": false,
+        "textMode": "auto",
+        "wideLayout": true
+      },
+      "targets": [
+        {
+          "datasource": {
+            "type": "prometheus",
+            "uid": "${datasource}"
+          },
+          "editorMode": "code",
+          "expr": "netbird_signal_connected{job=~\"$job\",instance=~\"$instance\"}",
+          "instant": false,
+          "legendFormat": "__auto",
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+  "timepicker": {},
+  "timezone": "browser",
+  "title": "Netbird / Client",
+  "uid": "netbird-client-v001",
+  "version": 1,
+  "weekStart": ""
+}
diff --git a/infrastructure_files/observability/grafana/dashboards/management-enterprise.json b/infrastructure_files/observability/grafana/dashboards/management-enterprise.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..481050a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/infrastructure_files/observability/grafana/dashboards/management-enterprise.json
@@ -0,0 +1,8857 @@
+{
+  "annotations": [
+    {
+      "kind": "AnnotationQuery",
+      "spec": {
+        "builtIn": true,
+        "enable": true,
+        "hide": true,
+        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
+        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
+        "query": {
+          "datasource": {
+            "name": "-- Grafana --"
+          },
+          "group": "grafana",
+          "kind": "DataQuery",
+          "spec": {},
+          "version": "v0"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "AnnotationQuery",
+      "spec": {
+        "enable": true,
+        "hide": false,
+        "iconColor": "red",
+        "name": "Deployments",
+        "query": {
+          "datasource": {
+            "name": "grafana"
+          },
+          "group": "datasource",
+          "kind": "DataQuery",
+          "spec": {
+            "expr": "",
+            "interval": "",
+            "refId": "Anno",
+            "tags": [],
+            "type": "tags"
+          },
+          "version": "v0"
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "cursorSync": "Crosshair",
+  "editable": true,
+  "elements": {
+    "panel-1": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "exemplar": false,
+                      "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.99, sum by(le) (rate(management_grpc_updatechannel_queue_length_bucket{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+                      "format": "table",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "instant": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "Connected grpc streams",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "p99 of the update-channel queue length: how many network map updates are waiting to be delivered to a peer. The channel buffer is 100 messages - approaching it means updates start getting dropped and peers fall behind.",
+        "id": 1,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "UpdateChannel Queue length max",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "stat",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "thresholds"
+                },
+                "decimals": 2,
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "blue",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "red",
+                      "value": 50
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                "unit": "none"
+              },
+              "overrides": []
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "colorMode": "background",
+              "graphMode": "area",
+              "justifyMode": "auto",
+              "orientation": "auto",
+              "percentChangeColorMode": "standard",
+              "reduceOptions": {
+                "calcs": [
+                  "lastNotNull"
+                ],
+                "fields": "",
+                "values": false
+              },
+              "showPercentChange": false,
+              "textMode": "auto",
+              "wideLayout": true
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-10": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le) (rate(management_http_request_duration_ms_total_milliseconds_bucket{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", type=\"read\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "HTTP read duration",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "p95 duration of read API requests (GET/OPTIONS), from the total request duration histogram tagged type=read.",
+        "id": 10,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "Read HTTP API Requests p95 Duration (GET/OPTIONS)",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "timeseries",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "thresholds"
+                },
+                "custom": {
+                  "axisBorderShow": false,
+                  "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                  "axisColorMode": "text",
+                  "axisLabel": "",
+                  "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                  "barAlignment": 0,
+                  "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                  "drawStyle": "line",
+                  "fillOpacity": 32,
+                  "gradientMode": "hue",
+                  "hideFrom": {
+                    "legend": false,
+                    "tooltip": false,
+                    "viz": false
+                  },
+                  "insertNulls": false,
+                  "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                  "lineWidth": 1,
+                  "pointSize": 5,
+                  "scaleDistribution": {
+                    "type": "linear"
+                  },
+                  "showPoints": "never",
+                  "showValues": false,
+                  "spanNulls": true,
+                  "stacking": {
+                    "group": "A",
+                    "mode": "none"
+                  },
+                  "thresholdsStyle": {
+                    "mode": "line"
+                  }
+                },
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "orange",
+                      "value": 200
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                "unit": "ms"
+              },
+              "overrides": []
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "annotations": {
+                "clustering": -1,
+                "multiLane": false
+              },
+              "legend": {
+                "calcs": [
+                  "lastNotNull",
+                  "min",
+                  "mean",
+                  "max"
+                ],
+                "displayMode": "table",
+                "enableFacetedFilter": false,
+                "overflow": "ellipsis",
+                "placement": "bottom",
+                "showLegend": true
+              },
+              "tooltip": {
+                "hideZeros": false,
+                "mode": "single",
+                "sort": "none"
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-11": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "sum by(environment) (rate(management_updatechannel_close_one_duration_micro_microseconds_count{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])*60)",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "CloseOne",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "builder",
+                      "expr": "sum(rate(management_updatechannel_send_duration_micro_count{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", host=\"$host\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "Send",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "B"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "sum(rate(management_updatechannel_create_duration_micro_count{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", host=\"$host\"}[$__rate_interval])*60)",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "Create",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "C"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "rate(management_updatechannel_get_all_duration_micro_count{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", host=\"$host\"}[$__rate_interval])*60",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "GetAll",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "D"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "rate(management_updatechannel_haschannel_duration_micro_count{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", host=\"$host\"}[$__rate_interval])*60",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "HasChannel",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "E"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "rate(management_updatechannel_close_multiple_channels_count{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", host=\"$host\"}[$__rate_interval])*60",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "CloseMultiple",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "F"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Rate per minute of update-channel operations: close one, send update, create, get all connected peers, has-channel and close multiple. Together they show how much channel churn an instance is handling.",
+        "id": 11,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "Update Channel operations",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "barchart",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "palette-classic"
+                },
+                "custom": {
+                  "axisBorderShow": false,
+                  "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                  "axisColorMode": "text",
+                  "axisLabel": "",
+                  "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                  "fillOpacity": 69,
+                  "gradientMode": "none",
+                  "hideFrom": {
+                    "legend": false,
+                    "tooltip": false,
+                    "viz": false
+                  },
+                  "lineWidth": 1,
+                  "scaleDistribution": {
+                    "type": "linear"
+                  },
+                  "thresholdsStyle": {
+                    "mode": "off"
+                  }
+                },
+                "fieldMinMax": false,
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                "unit": "reqpm"
+              },
+              "overrides": []
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "barRadius": 0,
+              "barWidth": 0.97,
+              "fullHighlight": false,
+              "groupWidth": 0.7,
+              "legend": {
+                "calcs": [
+                  "lastNotNull",
+                  "min",
+                  "mean",
+                  "max"
+                ],
+                "displayMode": "table",
+                "overflow": "ellipsis",
+                "placement": "bottom",
+                "showLegend": true,
+                "sortBy": "Mean",
+                "sortDesc": true
+              },
+              "orientation": "auto",
+              "showValue": "auto",
+              "stacking": "normal",
+              "tooltip": {
+                "hideZeros": false,
+                "mode": "single",
+                "sort": "none"
+              },
+              "xTickLabelRotation": 0,
+              "xTickLabelSpacing": 100
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-12": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": true,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "rate(management_updatechannel_create_duration_micro_microseconds_count{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", closed=\"true\"}[$__rate_interval])",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": true,
+                      "instant": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "{{host}}",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": true,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "sum by(environment) (rate(management_updatechannel_create_duration_micro_microseconds_count{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": true,
+                      "instant": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "{{host}}",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "B"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "__expr__"
+                    },
+                    "group": "__expr__",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "expression": "100-$A/$B*100",
+                      "type": "math"
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "C"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Tracks how often a new peer update channel replaces a channel that was still open (closed=true), i.e. peers reconnecting before management noticed the previous stream was gone. The plotted expression is 100 - recreated/total, so the line drops as recreations rise.",
+        "id": 12,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "Percentage of Recreated channels",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "timeseries",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "thresholds"
+                },
+                "custom": {
+                  "axisBorderShow": false,
+                  "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                  "axisColorMode": "text",
+                  "axisLabel": "",
+                  "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                  "axisSoftMax": 100,
+                  "axisSoftMin": 0,
+                  "barAlignment": 0,
+                  "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                  "drawStyle": "line",
+                  "fillOpacity": 32,
+                  "gradientMode": "hue",
+                  "hideFrom": {
+                    "legend": false,
+                    "tooltip": false,
+                    "viz": false
+                  },
+                  "insertNulls": false,
+                  "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                  "lineWidth": 1,
+                  "pointSize": 5,
+                  "scaleDistribution": {
+                    "type": "linear"
+                  },
+                  "showPoints": "never",
+                  "showValues": false,
+                  "spanNulls": true,
+                  "stacking": {
+                    "group": "A",
+                    "mode": "none"
+                  },
+                  "thresholdsStyle": {
+                    "mode": "line"
+                  }
+                },
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                "unit": "percent"
+              },
+              "overrides": [
+                {
+                  "matcher": {
+                    "id": "byFrameRefID",
+                    "options": "C"
+                  },
+                  "properties": [
+                    {
+                      "id": "displayName",
+                      "value": "Recreation"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "annotations": {
+                "clustering": -1,
+                "multiLane": false
+              },
+              "legend": {
+                "calcs": [
+                  "lastNotNull",
+                  "min",
+                  "mean",
+                  "max"
+                ],
+                "displayMode": "table",
+                "enableFacetedFilter": false,
+                "overflow": "ellipsis",
+                "placement": "bottom",
+                "showLegend": true
+              },
+              "tooltip": {
+                "hideZeros": false,
+                "mode": "single",
+                "sort": "none"
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-13": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le) (rate(management_updatechannel_close_one_duration_micro_microseconds_bucket{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "CloseOne",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le) (rate(management_updatechannel_send_duration_micro_microseconds_bucket{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", host=\"$host\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "Send",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "B"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le) (rate(management_updatechannel_create_duration_micro_microseconds_bucket{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", host=\"$host\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "Create",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "C"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le) (rate(management_updatechannel_get_all_duration_micro_microseconds_bucket{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", host=\"$host\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "GetAll",
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+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${logs_datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "loki",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "direction": "backward",
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "sort_desc(\ntopk(\n    20,\n    sum by (peerID) (\n      count_over_time(\n        {job=\"$log_job\"} |= \"Sync took\" | regexp `peerID:\\s(?P<peerID>[^,\\]]+)` [$__range]\n      )\n    )\n)\n)",
+                      "queryType": "instant"
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": [
+              {
+                "group": "organize",
+                "kind": "Transformation",
+                "spec": {
+                  "options": {
+                    "excludeByName": {
+                      "Time": true
+                    },
+                    "includeByName": {},
+                    "indexByName": {},
+                    "renameByName": {
+                      "Value #A": "number of times ",
+                      "peerID": "peerPubKey"
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Top 20 peers by number of Sync log lines in the selected range, parsed out of the management logs to find individual peers stuck in a reconnect loop. Pick the log stream with the `log stream` variable; the query matches the `Sync took` debug line, so management must run at debug level for this panel to have data.",
+        "id": 50,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "Highest Syncs by peer key",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "table",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "thresholds"
+                },
+                "custom": {
+                  "align": "auto",
+                  "cellOptions": {
+                    "type": "auto"
+                  },
+                  "filterable": false,
+                  "footer": {
+                    "reducers": []
+                  },
+                  "inspect": false,
+                  "tooltip": {
+                    "placement": "auto"
+                  },
+                  "wrapHeaderText": false
+                },
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "red",
+                      "value": 80
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              },
+              "overrides": [
+                {
+                  "matcher": {
+                    "id": "byName",
+                    "options": "labels"
+                  },
+                  "properties": [
+                    {
+                      "id": "custom.width",
+                      "value": 180
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                {
+                  "matcher": {
+                    "id": "byName",
+                    "options": "peerPubKey"
+                  },
+                  "properties": [
+                    {
+                      "id": "custom.width",
+                      "value": 455
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              ]
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "cellHeight": "sm",
+              "showHeader": true,
+              "sortBy": [
+                {
+                  "desc": true,
+                  "displayName": "number of times "
+                }
+              ]
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-52": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "editorMode": "builder",
+                      "expr": "wsproxy_active_connections{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}",
+                      "legendFormat": "{{__name__}}",
+                      "range": true
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Currently open WebSocket proxy connections. The wsproxy fronts gRPC for browser-based clients, so this is the number of connected web clients.",
+        "id": 52,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "Proxy Active Connections",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "timeseries",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "palette-classic"
+                },
+                "custom": {
+                  "axisBorderShow": false,
+                  "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                  "axisColorMode": "text",
+                  "axisLabel": "",
+                  "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                  "barAlignment": 0,
+                  "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                  "drawStyle": "line",
+                  "fillOpacity": 0,
+                  "gradientMode": "none",
+                  "hideFrom": {
+                    "legend": false,
+                    "tooltip": false,
+                    "viz": false
+                  },
+                  "insertNulls": false,
+                  "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                  "lineWidth": 1,
+                  "pointSize": 5,
+                  "scaleDistribution": {
+                    "type": "linear"
+                  },
+                  "showPoints": "auto",
+                  "showValues": false,
+                  "spanNulls": false,
+                  "stacking": {
+                    "group": "A",
+                    "mode": "none"
+                  },
+                  "thresholdsStyle": {
+                    "mode": "off"
+                  }
+                },
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "red",
+                      "value": 80
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              },
+              "overrides": []
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "annotations": {
+                "clustering": -1,
+                "multiLane": false
+              },
+              "legend": {
+                "calcs": [],
+                "displayMode": "list",
+                "enableFacetedFilter": false,
+                "overflow": "ellipsis",
+                "placement": "bottom",
+                "showLegend": true
+              },
+              "tooltip": {
+                "hideZeros": false,
+                "mode": "single",
+                "sort": "none"
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-53": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "editorMode": "builder",
+                      "expr": "delta(wsproxy_bytes_transferred_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__interval])",
+                      "legendFormat": "{{direction}}",
+                      "range": true
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Bytes transferred through the WebSocket proxy per interval, split by direction.",
+        "id": 53,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "Proxy Traffic by Direction",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "timeseries",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "palette-classic"
+                },
+                "custom": {
+                  "axisBorderShow": false,
+                  "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                  "axisColorMode": "text",
+                  "axisLabel": "",
+                  "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                  "barAlignment": 0,
+                  "barWidthFactor": 0.6,
+                  "drawStyle": "line",
+                  "fillOpacity": 0,
+                  "gradientMode": "none",
+                  "hideFrom": {
+                    "legend": false,
+                    "tooltip": false,
+                    "viz": false
+                  },
+                  "insertNulls": false,
+                  "lineInterpolation": "linear",
+                  "lineWidth": 1,
+                  "pointSize": 5,
+                  "scaleDistribution": {
+                    "type": "linear"
+                  },
+                  "showPoints": "auto",
+                  "showValues": false,
+                  "spanNulls": false,
+                  "stacking": {
+                    "group": "A",
+                    "mode": "none"
+                  },
+                  "thresholdsStyle": {
+                    "mode": "off"
+                  }
+                },
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "red",
+                      "value": 80
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                "unit": "decbytes"
+              },
+              "overrides": []
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "annotations": {
+                "clustering": -1,
+                "multiLane": false
+              },
+              "legend": {
+                "calcs": [],
+                "displayMode": "list",
+                "enableFacetedFilter": false,
+                "overflow": "ellipsis",
+                "placement": "bottom",
+                "showLegend": true
+              },
+              "tooltip": {
+                "hideZeros": false,
+                "mode": "single",
+                "sort": "none"
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-54": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "editorMode": "builder",
+                      "expr": "increase(wsproxy_errors_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}[$__rate_interval])",
+                      "legendFormat": "{{error_type}}",
+                      "range": true
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "WebSocket proxy errors grouped by error type - dial failures, read/write errors and protocol issues on browser client connections.",
+        "id": 54,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "Errors by Type",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "barchart",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "palette-classic"
+                },
+                "custom": {
+                  "axisBorderShow": false,
+                  "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                  "axisColorMode": "text",
+                  "axisLabel": "",
+                  "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                  "fillOpacity": 80,
+                  "gradientMode": "none",
+                  "hideFrom": {
+                    "legend": false,
+                    "tooltip": false,
+                    "viz": false
+                  },
+                  "lineWidth": 1,
+                  "scaleDistribution": {
+                    "type": "linear"
+                  },
+                  "thresholdsStyle": {
+                    "mode": "off"
+                  }
+                },
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "red",
+                      "value": 80
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              },
+              "overrides": []
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "barRadius": 0,
+              "barWidth": 0.97,
+              "fullHighlight": false,
+              "groupWidth": 0.7,
+              "legend": {
+                "calcs": [],
+                "displayMode": "list",
+                "overflow": "ellipsis",
+                "placement": "bottom",
+                "showLegend": true
+              },
+              "orientation": "auto",
+              "showValue": "auto",
+              "stacking": "none",
+              "tooltip": {
+                "hideZeros": false,
+                "mode": "single",
+                "sort": "none"
+              },
+              "xTickLabelRotation": 0,
+              "xTickLabelSpacing": 0
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-65": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "editorMode": "builder",
+                      "exemplar": false,
+                      "expr": "management_grpc_connected_streams_ratio{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\"}",
+                      "instant": true,
+                      "legendFormat": "{{host}}",
+                      "range": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Open peer Sync streams per management instance. Use it to confirm the load balancer spreads streams evenly - a skewed instance carries proportionally more update-channel and network map work.",
+        "id": 65,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "Connected Peers per Server",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "gauge",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "thresholds"
+                },
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "red",
+                      "value": 80
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              },
+              "overrides": []
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "barShape": "flat",
+              "barWidthFactor": 0.5,
+              "effects": {
+                "barGlow": false,
+                "centerGlow": false,
+                "gradient": false
+              },
+              "endpointMarker": "point",
+              "minVizHeight": 75,
+              "minVizWidth": 75,
+              "orientation": "auto",
+              "reduceOptions": {
+                "calcs": [
+                  "lastNotNull"
+                ],
+                "fields": "",
+                "values": false
+              },
+              "segmentCount": 1,
+              "segmentSpacing": 0.3,
+              "shape": "gauge",
+              "showThresholdLabels": false,
+              "showThresholdMarkers": true,
+              "sizing": "auto",
+              "sparkline": false,
+              "textMode": "auto"
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-66": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "sum by(host) (rate(management_http_response_counter_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", method=\"GET\", code=~\"^2.+\"}[$__rate_interval]) * 60)",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": true,
+                      "legendFormat": "{{host}}",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "B"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Successful GET requests per minute grouped by management instance - read load distribution across the fleet.",
+        "id": 66,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "HTTP Read request counter",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "barchart",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "palette-classic"
+                },
+                "custom": {
+                  "axisBorderShow": false,
+                  "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                  "axisColorMode": "text",
+                  "axisLabel": "",
+                  "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                  "fillOpacity": 80,
+                  "gradientMode": "none",
+                  "hideFrom": {
+                    "legend": false,
+                    "tooltip": false,
+                    "viz": false
+                  },
+                  "lineWidth": 0,
+                  "scaleDistribution": {
+                    "type": "linear"
+                  },
+                  "thresholdsStyle": {
+                    "mode": "off"
+                  }
+                },
+                "fieldMinMax": false,
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "red",
+                      "value": 80
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                "unit": "short"
+              },
+              "overrides": []
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "barRadius": 0,
+              "barWidth": 0.97,
+              "fullHighlight": false,
+              "groupWidth": 0.7,
+              "legend": {
+                "calcs": [
+                  "lastNotNull",
+                  "min",
+                  "mean",
+                  "max"
+                ],
+                "displayMode": "table",
+                "overflow": "ellipsis",
+                "placement": "bottom",
+                "showLegend": true,
+                "sortBy": "Mean",
+                "sortDesc": true
+              },
+              "orientation": "auto",
+              "showValue": "auto",
+              "stacking": "normal",
+              "tooltip": {
+                "hideZeros": false,
+                "mode": "single",
+                "sort": "none"
+              },
+              "xTickLabelRotation": 0,
+              "xTickLabelSpacing": 100
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-67": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "sum by(host) (rate(management_http_response_counter_total{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", method!~\"(GET|OPTIONS)\", code=~\"^2.+\"}[$__rate_interval])*60)",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": true,
+                      "legendFormat": "{{host}}",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "B"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Successful write requests per minute grouped by management instance - write load distribution across the fleet.",
+        "id": 67,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "HTTP Write request counter",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "barchart",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
+            "fieldConfig": {
+              "defaults": {
+                "color": {
+                  "mode": "palette-classic"
+                },
+                "custom": {
+                  "axisBorderShow": false,
+                  "axisCenteredZero": false,
+                  "axisColorMode": "text",
+                  "axisLabel": "",
+                  "axisPlacement": "auto",
+                  "fillOpacity": 80,
+                  "gradientMode": "none",
+                  "hideFrom": {
+                    "legend": false,
+                    "tooltip": false,
+                    "viz": false
+                  },
+                  "lineWidth": 0,
+                  "scaleDistribution": {
+                    "type": "linear"
+                  },
+                  "thresholdsStyle": {
+                    "mode": "off"
+                  }
+                },
+                "fieldMinMax": false,
+                "thresholds": {
+                  "mode": "absolute",
+                  "steps": [
+                    {
+                      "color": "green",
+                      "value": 0
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "color": "red",
+                      "value": 80
+                    }
+                  ]
+                },
+                "unit": "reqpm"
+              },
+              "overrides": []
+            },
+            "options": {
+              "barRadius": 0,
+              "barWidth": 0.97,
+              "fullHighlight": false,
+              "groupWidth": 0.7,
+              "legend": {
+                "calcs": [
+                  "lastNotNull",
+                  "min",
+                  "mean",
+                  "max"
+                ],
+                "displayMode": "table",
+                "overflow": "ellipsis",
+                "placement": "bottom",
+                "showLegend": true,
+                "sortBy": "Last *",
+                "sortDesc": true
+              },
+              "orientation": "auto",
+              "showValue": "auto",
+              "stacking": "normal",
+              "tooltip": {
+                "hideZeros": false,
+                "mode": "single",
+                "sort": "none"
+              },
+              "xTickLabelRotation": 0,
+              "xTickLabelSpacing": 100
+            }
+          },
+          "version": "13.2.0-30616302309"
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "panel-7": {
+      "kind": "Panel",
+      "spec": {
+        "data": {
+          "kind": "QueryGroup",
+          "spec": {
+            "queries": [
+              {
+                "kind": "PanelQuery",
+                "spec": {
+                  "hidden": false,
+                  "query": {
+                    "datasource": {
+                      "name": "${datasource}"
+                    },
+                    "group": "prometheus",
+                    "kind": "DataQuery",
+                    "spec": {
+                      "disableTextWrap": false,
+                      "editorMode": "code",
+                      "expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum by(le) (rate(management_http_request_duration_ms_total_milliseconds_bucket{job=~\"$job\", instance=~\"$instance\", type=\"write\"}[$__rate_interval])))",
+                      "fullMetaSearch": false,
+                      "includeNullMetadata": false,
+                      "legendFormat": "HTTP write duration",
+                      "range": true,
+                      "useBackend": false
+                    },
+                    "version": "v0"
+                  },
+                  "refId": "A"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "queryOptions": {},
+            "transformations": []
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "p95 duration of write API requests (PUT/POST/DELETE), tagged type=write. Writes acquire account locks and trigger peer updates, so they are normally slower than reads.",
+        "id": 7,
+        "links": [],
+        "title": "Write HTTP API Requests p95 Duration (PUT/POST/DELETE)",
+        "vizConfig": {
+          "group": "timeseries",
+          "kind": "VizConfig",
+          "spec": {
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+          "group": "prometheus",
+          "kind": "DataQuery",
+          "spec": {
+            "qryType": 1,
+            "query": "label_values(up{job=~\"$job\"},instance)",
+            "refId": "PrometheusVariableQueryEditor-VariableQuery"
+          },
+          "version": "v0"
+        },
+        "refresh": "onDashboardLoad",
+        "regex": "",
+        "regexApplyTo": "value",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "sort": "alphabeticalAsc"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "QueryVariable",
+      "spec": {
+        "allowCustomValue": true,
+        "current": {
+          "text": "",
+          "value": ""
+        },
+        "definition": "label_values(job)",
+        "description": "Loki stream carrying the management logs (adjust the label if your setup does not use `job`).",
+        "hide": "dontHide",
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": "log stream",
+        "multi": false,
+        "name": "log_job",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": {
+          "datasource": {
+            "name": "${logs_datasource}"
+          },
+          "group": "loki",
+          "kind": "DataQuery",
+          "spec": {
+            "label": "job",
+            "refId": "LokiVariableQueryEditor-VariableQuery",
+            "type": 1
+          },
+          "version": "v0"
+        },
+        "refresh": "onDashboardLoad",
+        "regex": "",
+        "regexApplyTo": "value",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "sort": "alphabeticalAsc"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "CustomVariable",
+      "spec": {
+        "allValue": "5m",
+        "allowCustomValue": true,
+        "current": {
+          "text": "60s",
+          "value": "60s"
+        },
+        "hide": "dontHide",
+        "includeAll": false,
+        "label": "interval",
+        "multi": false,
+        "name": "interval",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": "5m,60s",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "valuesFormat": "csv"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "QueryVariable",
+      "spec": {
+        "allowCustomValue": true,
+        "current": {
+          "text": "All",
+          "value": "$__all"
+        },
+        "definition": "label_values(management_store_query_count_total,method)",
+        "hide": "hideVariable",
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "multi": true,
+        "name": "method",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": {
+          "group": "prometheus",
+          "kind": "DataQuery",
+          "spec": {
+            "qryType": 1,
+            "query": "label_values(management_store_query_count_total,method)",
+            "refId": "PrometheusVariableQueryEditor-VariableQuery"
+          },
+          "version": "v0"
+        },
+        "refresh": "onDashboardLoad",
+        "regex": "",
+        "regexApplyTo": "value",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "sort": "disabled"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "kind": "QueryVariable",
+      "spec": {
+        "allowCustomValue": true,
+        "current": {
+          "text": "All",
+          "value": [
+            "$__all"
+          ]
+        },
+        "definition": "label_values(aws_rds_cpuutilization_average,dimension_DBClusterIdentifier)",
+        "hide": "hideVariable",
+        "includeAll": true,
+        "multi": true,
+        "name": "dimension_DBClusterIdentifier",
+        "options": [],
+        "query": {
+          "datasource": {
+            "name": "${datasource}"
+          },
+          "group": "prometheus",
+          "kind": "DataQuery",
+          "spec": {
+            "qryType": 1,
+            "query": "label_values(aws_rds_cpuutilization_average,dimension_DBClusterIdentifier)",
+            "refId": "PrometheusVariableQueryEditor-VariableQuery"
+          },
+          "version": "v0"
+        },
+        "refresh": "onDashboardLoad",
+        "regex": "",
+        "regexApplyTo": "value",
+        "skipUrlSync": false,
+        "sort": "disabled"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/account_settings_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/account_settings_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7927aaf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/account_settings_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetAccountSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into accounts (id, settings_peer_login_expiration_enabled, settings_peer_login_expiration, settings_peer_inactivity_expiration_enabled,
+                      settings_peer_inactivity_expiration, settings_dns_domain, settings_ipv6_enabled_groups, settings_routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled,
+                      settings_lazy_connection_enabled, settings_auto_update_version, settings_auto_update_always, settings_metrics_push_enabled)
+		 values('account-3',null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null)`)
+
+	accountSettings, err := conn(t, ctx).GetAccountSettings(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, accountSettings, nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      true,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:             86400000000000 * time.Nanosecond,
+		PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled: false,
+		PeerInactivityExpiration:        86400000000000 * time.Nanosecond,
+		DNSDomain:                       "",
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:               []string{"group-one-resource-id"},
+		RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled: false,
+		LazyConnectionEnabled:           false,
+		AutoUpdateVersion:               "disabled",
+		AutoUpdateAlways:                false,
+		MetricsPushEnabled:              false,
+	})
+
+	accountSettings, err = conn(t, ctx).GetAccountSettings(ctx, "account-2")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, accountSettings, nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      true,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:             86400000000000 * time.Nanosecond,
+		PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled: false,
+		PeerInactivityExpiration:        86400000000000 * time.Nanosecond,
+		DNSDomain:                       "",
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:               []string{"group-two-resources-id"},
+		RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled: false,
+		LazyConnectionEnabled:           false,
+		AutoUpdateVersion:               "disabled",
+		AutoUpdateAlways:                false,
+		MetricsPushEnabled:              false,
+	})
+
+	accountSettings, err = conn(t, ctx).GetAccountSettings(ctx, "account-3")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, accountSettings, nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/base_data.sql b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/base_data.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..136df00ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/base_data.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+insert into accounts (id, network_identifier, network_net, network_net_v6, network_dns, network_serial,dns_settings_disabled_management_groups,
+                      settings_peer_login_expiration_enabled, settings_peer_login_expiration, settings_peer_inactivity_expiration_enabled,
+                      settings_peer_inactivity_expiration, settings_dns_domain, settings_ipv6_enabled_groups, settings_routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled,
+                      settings_lazy_connection_enabled, settings_auto_update_version, settings_auto_update_always, settings_metrics_push_enabled)
+VALUES('account-1','network-1','{"IP":"100.103.0.0","Mask":"//8AAA=="}','{"IP":"fdde:e995:fd38:a465::","Mask":"//////////8AAAAAAAAAAA=="}','',1,'["disabled-group-1","disabled-group-2"]',
+       true, 86400000000000, false,
+       86400000000000, null, '["group-one-resource-id"]', false,
+       false, 'disabled', false, false);
+insert into accounts (id, network_identifier, network_net, network_net_v6, network_dns, network_serial,dns_settings_disabled_management_groups,
+                      settings_peer_login_expiration_enabled, settings_peer_login_expiration, settings_peer_inactivity_expiration_enabled,
+                      settings_peer_inactivity_expiration, settings_dns_domain, settings_ipv6_enabled_groups, settings_routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled,
+                      settings_lazy_connection_enabled, settings_auto_update_version, settings_auto_update_always, settings_metrics_push_enabled)
+VALUES('account-2','network-2','{"IP":"110.0.0.0","Mask":"//8AAA=="}','{"IP":"fddf:e995:fd38:a465::","Mask":"//////////8AAAAAAAAAAA=="}','',2,null,
+       true, 86400000000000, false,
+       86400000000000, null, '["group-two-resources-id"]', false,
+       false, 'disabled', false, false);
+insert into groups (id, account_id, name, resources, public_id) VALUES('group-one-resource-id','account-1','group-1-name', '[{"ID":"host-id-1","Type":"host"}]','group-one-resource-id-public');
+insert into groups (id, account_id, name, resources, public_id) VALUES('group-two-resources-id','account-1','group-2-name', '[{"ID":"subnet-id-1","Type":"subnet"}, {"ID":"host-id-2","Type":"host"}]','group-two-resources-id-public');
+insert into groups (id, account_id, name, resources, public_id) VALUES('group-no-resources-id','account-1','group-3-name', null,'group-no-resources-id-public');
+insert into group_peers (account_id, peer_id, group_id) VALUES('account-1','peer-id-1','group-one-resource-id');
+insert into group_peers (account_id, peer_id, group_id) VALUES('account-1','peer-id-2','group-two-resources-id');
+insert into group_peers (account_id, peer_id, group_id) VALUES('account-1','peer-id-3','group-two-resources-id');
+insert into peers (id, account_id, "key", ssh_key, dns_label, extra_dns_labels, user_id, ssh_enabled, login_expiration_enabled, last_login, ip, ipv6,
+	            peer_status_requires_approval, peer_status_connected, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster,
+	            meta_wt_version, meta_go_os, meta_os_version, meta_kernel_version, meta_network_addresses, meta_files,
+                   meta_capabilities, meta_flags, meta_sync_message_version,
+	            location_country_code, location_city_name, location_connection_ip)
+            values('peer-id-1','account-1','key-1','ssh-key-1','peer-1','["extra-peer-1"]','user-id-1',true,true,'2026-08-06 13:25:59.12999','"10.10.10.1"','"fdf4:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940"',
+                   false,true,true,'cluster-1.netbird.services',
+                   '0.76.0','linux','26.4.1','6.8.0-134-generic','[{"NetIP":"fe80::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ac"},{"NetIP":"192.168.16.1/20","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ac"}]','[{"Path":"/usr/bin/netbird","Exist":false,"ProcessIsRunning":false}]',
+                   '[1,2]','{"RosenpassEnabled":false,"RosenpassPermissive":false,"ServerSSHAllowed":true,"DisableClientRoutes":false,"DisableServerRoutes":false,"DisableDNS":false,"DisableFirewall":false,"BlockLANAccess":false,"BlockInbound":false,"DisableIPv6":false,"LazyConnectionEnabled":false}',1,
+                   'DE','Berlin','"46.201.148.187"');
+insert into peers (id,account_id,"key", ssh_key, dns_label, extra_dns_labels, user_id, ssh_enabled, login_expiration_enabled, last_login, ip, ipv6,
+	            peer_status_requires_approval, peer_status_connected, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster,
+	            meta_wt_version, meta_go_os, meta_os_version, meta_kernel_version, meta_network_addresses, meta_files,
+                   meta_capabilities, meta_flags, meta_sync_message_version,
+	            location_country_code, location_city_name, location_connection_ip)
+            values('peer-id-2','account-1','key-2','ssh-key-2','peer-2','["extra-peer-2"]','user-id-2',true,true,'2026-08-06 14:25:59.12999','"10.10.100.1"','"fdf5:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940"',
+                   false,true,true,'cluster-2.netbird.services',
+                   '0.76.1','linux','26.4.2','6.8.0-135-generic','[{"NetIP":"fe81::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ad"},{"NetIP":"192.168.17.1/20","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ad"}]','[{"Path":"/usr/bin/netbird","Exist":false,"ProcessIsRunning":false}]',
+                   '[1,2]','{"RosenpassEnabled":false,"RosenpassPermissive":false,"ServerSSHAllowed":true,"DisableClientRoutes":false,"DisableServerRoutes":false,"DisableDNS":false,"DisableFirewall":false,"BlockLANAccess":false,"BlockInbound":false,"DisableIPv6":false,"LazyConnectionEnabled":false}',0,
+                   'DE','Berlin','"46.201.149.187"');
+insert into peers (id,account_id,"key", ssh_key, dns_label, extra_dns_labels, user_id, ssh_enabled, login_expiration_enabled, last_login, ip, ipv6,
+	            peer_status_requires_approval, peer_status_connected, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster,
+	            meta_wt_version, meta_go_os, meta_os_version, meta_kernel_version, meta_network_addresses, meta_files,
+                   meta_capabilities, meta_flags, meta_sync_message_version,
+	            location_country_code, location_city_name, location_connection_ip)
+            values('peer-id-3','account-1','key-3','ssh-key-3','peer-3','["extra-peer-3"]','user-id-3',true,true,'2026-08-06 12:25:59.12999','"10.10.200.1"','"fdf6:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940"',
+                   false,true,true,'cluster-3.netbird.services',
+                   '0.76.2','linux','26.4.3','6.8.0-136-generic','[{"NetIP":"fe82::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ae"},{"NetIP":"192.168.18.1/20","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ae"}]','[{"Path":"/usr/bin/netbird","Exist":false,"ProcessIsRunning":false}]',
+                   '[1,2]','{"RosenpassEnabled":false,"RosenpassPermissive":false,"ServerSSHAllowed":true,"DisableClientRoutes":false,"DisableServerRoutes":false,"DisableDNS":false,"DisableFirewall":false,"BlockLANAccess":false,"BlockInbound":false,"DisableIPv6":false,"LazyConnectionEnabled":false}',1,
+                   'DE','Berlin','"46.201.150.187"');
+
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/dns_settings_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/dns_settings_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95ac84aed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/dns_settings_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetDnsSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	settings, err := conn(t, ctx).GetDnsSettings(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, settings, nmdata.DNSSettings{
+		DisabledManagementGroups: []string{"disabled-group-1", "disabled-group-2"},
+	})
+
+	settings, err = conn(t, ctx).GetDnsSettings(ctx, "account-2")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, settings, nmdata.DNSSettings{})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/dns_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/dns_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33023061d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/dns_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetAppliedZoneCandidatesViaPgxConnection(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into zones (id, account_id, domain, enabled, enable_search_domain, distribution_groups)
+		VALUES('zone-1','account-1','test-1.com',true,true,'["group-one-resource-id"]')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into zones (id, account_id, domain, enabled, enable_search_domain, distribution_groups)
+		VALUES('zone-2','account-1','test-2.com',true,false,'["group-two-resources-id"]')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into zones (id, account_id, domain, enabled, enable_search_domain, distribution_groups)
+		VALUES('zone-3','account-1','test-3.com',false,true,'["group-one-resource-id"]')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-1','account-1','zone-1','test.test-1.com','A',1800,'1.1.1.1')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-2','account-1','zone-1','test2.test-1.com','A',1800,'1.1.1.2')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-3','account-1','zone-1','test3.test-1.com','CNAME',1800,'test4.test-1.com')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-4','account-1','zone-2','test2.test-2.com','CNAME',1800,'test3.test-2.com')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-5','account-1','zone-3','test.test-3.com','A',1800,'1.1.1.3')`)
+
+	zoneCandidates, err := conn(t, ctx).GetAppliedZoneCandidates(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Zone domains and record names are fully qualified, and the zone is served
+	// non-authoritatively — the account-side builder
+	// (types.buildAppliedZoneCandidates) states the same shape, and both feed the
+	// one client-facing map, so the two have to agree.
+	assert.Contains(t, zoneCandidates, networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate{
+		DistributionGroups: []string{"group-one-resource-id"},
+		Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{
+			Domain:               "test-1.com.",
+			SearchDomainDisabled: false,
+			NonAuthoritative:     true,
+			Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+				{Name: "test.test-1.com.", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: "IN", TTL: 1800, RData: "1.1.1.1"},
+				{Name: "test2.test-1.com.", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: "IN", TTL: 1800, RData: "1.1.1.2"},
+				{Name: "test3.test-1.com.", Type: int(dns.TypeCNAME), Class: "IN", TTL: 1800, RData: "test4.test-1.com."},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, zoneCandidates, networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate{
+		DistributionGroups: []string{"group-two-resources-id"},
+		Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{
+			Domain:               "test-2.com.",
+			SearchDomainDisabled: true,
+			NonAuthoritative:     true,
+			Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+				{Name: "test2.test-2.com.", Type: int(dns.TypeCNAME), Class: "IN", TTL: 1800, RData: "test3.test-2.com."},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	// A zone an admin switched off reaches no peer.
+	for _, candidate := range zoneCandidates {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, "test-3.com.", candidate.Zone.Domain, "disabled zone must not be a candidate")
+		assert.NotEqual(t, "test-3.com", candidate.Zone.Domain, "disabled zone must not be a candidate")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/domain_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/domain_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8434a76c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/domain_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"testing"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetDomains(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into domains (id, account_id, domain, target_cluster)
+		VALUES('domain-1','account-1','test-1.com','target-1.cluster.local')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into domains (id, account_id, domain, target_cluster)
+		VALUES('domain-2','account-1','test-2.com','target-2.cluster.local')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into domains (id, account_id, domain, target_cluster)
+		VALUES('domain-3','account-1',null,null)`)
+
+	domains, err := conn(t, ctx).GetDomains(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, domains, 2)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, domains, networkmapdb.Domain{
+		Domain:        sql.NullString{String: "test-1.com", Valid: true},
+		TargetCluster: sql.NullString{String: "target-1.cluster.local", Valid: true},
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, domains, networkmapdb.Domain{
+		Domain:        sql.NullString{String: "test-2.com", Valid: true},
+		TargetCluster: sql.NullString{String: "target-2.cluster.local", Valid: true},
+	})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/group_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/group_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ccf96eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/group_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestGetGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	groups, resourceToGroupIdx, err := conn(t, ctx).GetGroups(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t,
+		groups,
+		nmdata.Group{ID: "group-one-resource-id", Name: "group-1-name", PublicID: "group-one-resource-id-public", Resources: []nmdata.Resource{{ID: "host-id-1", Type: "host"}}, Peers: []string{"peer-id-1"}},
+	)
+	assert.NotNil(t, resourceToGroupIdx["host-id-1"]["group-one-resource-id"])
+	assert.Contains(t,
+		groups,
+		nmdata.Group{ID: "group-two-resources-id", Name: "group-2-name", PublicID: "group-two-resources-id-public",
+			Resources: []nmdata.Resource{{ID: "subnet-id-1", Type: "subnet"}, {ID: "host-id-2", Type: "host"}},
+			Peers:     []string{"peer-id-2", "peer-id-3"}},
+	)
+	assert.NotNil(t, resourceToGroupIdx["host-id-2"]["group-two-resources-id"])
+	assert.NotNil(t, resourceToGroupIdx["subnet-id-1"]["group-two-resources-id"])
+	assert.Contains(t,
+		groups,
+		nmdata.Group{ID: "group-no-resources-id", Name: "group-3-name", PublicID: "group-no-resources-id-public"})
+}
+
+// Verify handling of empty fields in groups table
+// Verify that group's PublicID gets populated on retrieval
+// TODO (dmitri) PublicID should not be populated with delta updates,
+// which require stable PublicIDs
+func TestGetGroupsWithoutExpectedFields(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		"insert into accounts (id) VALUES('random-id')")
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		"insert into groups (id, account_id) VALUES('g2-test-group-id-1','random-id')")
+
+	groups, _, err := conn(t, ctx).GetGroups(ctx, "random-id")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 1)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, groups[0].PublicID)
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/main_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/main_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78c8c8ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/main_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	_ "embed"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	networkmap_pgsql "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql"
+	networkmap_sqlite "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+//go:embed base_data.sql
+var baseData string
+
+var (
+	pgstore     *networkmap_pgsql.PgStore
+	sqlitestore *networkmap_sqlite.SqliteStore
+	engine      string
+)
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	var cleanup func()
+	kind, _ := os.LookupEnv("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE")
+	switch kind {
+	case string(types.PostgresStoreEngine):
+		engine = string(types.PostgresStoreEngine)
+		pgstore, cleanup = createPGTestStore(baseData)
+		pgstore.UsingTimeZone(time.UTC)
+	case "", string(types.SqliteStoreEngine):
+		engine = string(types.SqliteStoreEngine)
+		sqlitestore, cleanup = createSqliteTestStore(baseData)
+	default:
+		log.Fatalf("unsupported db '%s' in NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE env var", kind)
+	}
+
+	code := m.Run()
+
+	cleanup()
+	os.Exit(code)
+}
+
+func conn(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context) networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreConn {
+	t.Helper()
+	switch engine {
+	case string(types.PostgresStoreEngine):
+		c, err := pgstore.Pool.Acquire(ctx)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		return pgstore.UsingConnection(c.Conn())
+	case string(types.SqliteStoreEngine):
+		return sqlitestore.UsingConn()
+	}
+	log.Fatalf("unknown db engine kind %s", engine)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func store(t *testing.T) networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStore {
+	t.Helper()
+	switch engine {
+	case string(types.PostgresStoreEngine):
+		return pgstore
+	case string(types.SqliteStoreEngine):
+		return sqlitestore
+	}
+	log.Fatalf("unknown db engine kind %s", engine)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func execQuery(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, q string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	switch engine {
+	case string(types.PostgresStoreEngine):
+		_, err := pgstore.Pool.Exec(ctx, q)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	case string(types.SqliteStoreEngine):
+		_, err := sqlitestore.Db.ExecContext(ctx, q)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// use to parse time in time.RFC3339Nano format
+// returns the time in the UTC time zone
+func mustParseTime(t string) *time.Time {
+	tt, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, t)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	utc := tt.UTC()
+	return &utc
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/nameserver_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/nameserver_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6243a6e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/nameserver_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetNameServerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into name_server_groups (id, public_id, name, description, name_servers, groups, domains, enabled, search_domains_enabled, "primary", account_id)
+		VALUES('nsgroup-1','nsgroup-1-public','nsgroup-1','nsgroup-1','[{"IP":"192.168.31.2","NSType":1,"Port":53}]','["group-one-resource-id"]','["test-1.com"]',TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,'account-1')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into name_server_groups (id, public_id, name, description, name_servers, groups, domains, enabled, search_domains_enabled,"primary",account_id)
+		VALUES('nsgroup-2','nsgroup-2-public','nsgroup-2','nsgroup-2','[{"IP":"192.168.32.3","NSType":1,"Port":53}]','["group-one-resource-id","group-no-resources-id"]','["test-1.com","test-2.com"]',TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,'account-1')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into name_server_groups (id, public_id, name, description, name_servers, groups, domains, enabled, search_domains_enabled,"primary",account_id)
+		VALUES('nsgroup-3','nsgroup-3-public',null,null,null,null,null,TRUE,FALSE,FALSE,'account-1')`)
+
+	nsgroups, err := conn(t, ctx).GetNameServerGroups(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, nsgroups, nmdata.NameServerGroup{
+		ID:                   "nsgroup-1",
+		PublicID:             "nsgroup-1-public",
+		Name:                 "nsgroup-1",
+		Description:          "nsgroup-1",
+		NameServers:          []nmdata.NameServer{{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.31.2"), NSType: 1, Port: 53}},
+		Groups:               []string{"group-one-resource-id"},
+		Domains:              []string{"test-1.com"},
+		Primary:              true,
+		SearchDomainsEnabled: false,
+		Enabled:              true,
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, nsgroups, nmdata.NameServerGroup{
+		ID:                   "nsgroup-2",
+		PublicID:             "nsgroup-2-public",
+		Name:                 "nsgroup-2",
+		Description:          "nsgroup-2",
+		NameServers:          []nmdata.NameServer{{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.32.3"), NSType: 1, Port: 53}},
+		Groups:               []string{"group-one-resource-id", "group-no-resources-id"},
+		Domains:              []string{"test-1.com", "test-2.com"},
+		Primary:              true,
+		SearchDomainsEnabled: false,
+		Enabled:              true,
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, nsgroups, nmdata.NameServerGroup{
+		ID:                   "nsgroup-3",
+		PublicID:             "nsgroup-3-public",
+		Primary:              false,
+		SearchDomainsEnabled: false,
+		Enabled:              true,
+	})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_map_data.sql b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_map_data.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d94e2f4aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_map_data.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+insert into accounts (id, network_identifier, network_net, network_net_v6, network_dns, network_serial,dns_settings_disabled_management_groups,
+                      settings_peer_login_expiration_enabled, settings_peer_login_expiration, settings_peer_inactivity_expiration_enabled,
+                      settings_peer_inactivity_expiration, settings_dns_domain, settings_ipv6_enabled_groups, settings_routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled,
+                      settings_lazy_connection_enabled, settings_auto_update_version, settings_auto_update_always, settings_metrics_push_enabled)
+VALUES('account-33','network-331','{"IP":"100.103.0.0","Mask":"//8AAA=="}','{"IP":"fdde:e995:fd38:a465::","Mask":"//////////8AAAAAAAAAAA=="}','',1,'["disabled-group-1","disabled-group-2"]',
+       true, 86400000000000, false,
+       86400000000000, null, '["33-group-one-resource-id"]', false,
+       false, 'disabled', false, false);
+insert into groups (id, account_id, name, resources, public_id) VALUES('33-group-one-resource-id','account-33','group-1-name', '[{"ID":"host-id-1","Type":"host"}]','group-one-resource-id-public');
+insert into groups (id, account_id, name, resources, public_id) VALUES('33-group-two-resources-id','account-33','group-2-name', '[{"ID":"subnet-id-1","Type":"subnet"}, {"ID":"host-id-2","Type":"host"}]','33-group-two-resources-id-public');
+insert into groups (id, account_id, name, resources, public_id) VALUES('33-group-no-resources-id','account-33','group-3-name', null,'33-group-no-resources-id-public');
+insert into group_peers (account_id, peer_id, group_id) VALUES('account-33','peer-id-331','33-group-one-resource-id');
+insert into group_peers (account_id, peer_id, group_id) VALUES('account-33','peer-id-332','33-group-two-resources-id');
+insert into group_peers (account_id, peer_id, group_id) VALUES('account-33','peer-id-333','33-group-two-resources-id');
+insert into peers (id, account_id, "key", ssh_key, dns_label, extra_dns_labels, user_id, ssh_enabled, login_expiration_enabled, last_login, ip, ipv6,
+	            peer_status_requires_approval, peer_status_connected, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster,
+	            meta_wt_version, meta_go_os, meta_os_version, meta_kernel_version, meta_network_addresses, meta_files,
+                   meta_capabilities, meta_flags, meta_sync_message_version,
+	            location_country_code, location_city_name, location_connection_ip)
+            values('peer-id-331','account-33','key-331','ssh-key-1','peer-1','["extra-peer-1"]','user-id-1',true,true,'2026-08-06 13:25:59.12999','"10.10.10.1"','"fdf4:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940"',
+                   false,true,true,'cluster-1.netbird.services',
+                   '0.76.0','linux','26.4.1','6.8.0-134-generic','[{"NetIP":"fe80::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ac"},{"NetIP":"192.168.16.1/20","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ac"}]','[{"Path":"/usr/bin/netbird","Exist":false,"ProcessIsRunning":false}]',
+                   '[1,2]','{"RosenpassEnabled":false,"RosenpassPermissive":false,"ServerSSHAllowed":true,"DisableClientRoutes":false,"DisableServerRoutes":false,"DisableDNS":false,"DisableFirewall":false,"BlockLANAccess":false,"BlockInbound":false,"DisableIPv6":false,"LazyConnectionEnabled":false}',1,
+                   'DE','Berlin','"46.201.148.187"');
+insert into peers (id,account_id,"key", ssh_key, dns_label, extra_dns_labels, user_id, ssh_enabled, login_expiration_enabled, last_login, ip, ipv6,
+	            peer_status_requires_approval, peer_status_connected, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster,
+	            meta_wt_version, meta_go_os, meta_os_version, meta_kernel_version, meta_network_addresses, meta_files,
+                   meta_capabilities, meta_flags, meta_sync_message_version,
+	            location_country_code, location_city_name, location_connection_ip)
+            values('peer-id-332','account-33','key-332','ssh-key-2','peer-2','["extra-peer-2"]','user-id-2',true,true,'2026-08-06 14:25:59.12999','"10.10.100.1"','"fdf5:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940"',
+                   false,true,true,'cluster-2.netbird.services',
+                   '0.76.1','linux','26.4.2','6.8.0-135-generic','[{"NetIP":"fe81::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ad"},{"NetIP":"192.168.17.1/20","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ad"}]','[{"Path":"/usr/bin/netbird","Exist":false,"ProcessIsRunning":false}]',
+                   '[1,2]','{"RosenpassEnabled":false,"RosenpassPermissive":false,"ServerSSHAllowed":true,"DisableClientRoutes":false,"DisableServerRoutes":false,"DisableDNS":false,"DisableFirewall":false,"BlockLANAccess":false,"BlockInbound":false,"DisableIPv6":false,"LazyConnectionEnabled":false}',0,
+                   'DE','Berlin','"46.201.149.187"');
+insert into peers (id,account_id,"key", ssh_key, dns_label, extra_dns_labels, user_id, ssh_enabled, login_expiration_enabled, last_login, ip, ipv6,
+	            peer_status_requires_approval, peer_status_connected, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster,
+	            meta_wt_version, meta_go_os, meta_os_version, meta_kernel_version, meta_network_addresses, meta_files,
+                   meta_capabilities, meta_flags, meta_sync_message_version,
+	            location_country_code, location_city_name, location_connection_ip)
+            values('peer-id-333','account-33','key-333','ssh-key-3','peer-3','["extra-peer-3"]','user-id-3',true,true,'2026-08-06 12:25:59.12999','"10.10.200.1"','"fdf6:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940"',
+                   false,true,true,'cluster-3.netbird.services',
+                   '0.76.2','linux','26.4.3','6.8.0-136-generic','[{"NetIP":"fe82::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ae"},{"NetIP":"192.168.18.1/20","Mac":"00:15:5d:24:0c:ae"}]','[{"Path":"/usr/bin/netbird","Exist":false,"ProcessIsRunning":false}]',
+                   '[1,2]','{"RosenpassEnabled":false,"RosenpassPermissive":false,"ServerSSHAllowed":true,"DisableClientRoutes":false,"DisableServerRoutes":false,"DisableDNS":false,"DisableFirewall":false,"BlockLANAccess":false,"BlockInbound":false,"DisableIPv6":false,"LazyConnectionEnabled":false}',1,
+                   'DE','Berlin','"46.201.150.187"');
+
+insert into zones (id, account_id, domain, enabled, enable_search_domain, distribution_groups)
+		VALUES('zone-331','account-33','test-331.com',true,true,'["33-group-one-resource-id"]');
+insert into zones (id, account_id, domain, enabled, enable_search_domain, distribution_groups)
+		VALUES('zone-332','account-33','disabled-331.com',false,true,'["33-group-one-resource-id"]');
+insert into zones (id, account_id, domain, enabled, enable_search_domain, distribution_groups)
+		VALUES('zone-333','account-33','search-off-331.com',true,false,'["33-group-two-resources-id"]');
+insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-333','account-33','zone-332','test.disabled-331.com','A',1800,'1.1.1.9');
+insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-334','account-33','zone-333','test.search-off-331.com','A',1800,'1.1.1.3');
+insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-335','account-33','zone-333','alias.search-off-331.com','CNAME',1800,'test.search-off-331.com');
+insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-331','account-33','zone-331','test.test-331.com','A',1800,'1.1.1.1');
+insert into records (id, account_id, zone_id, name, type, ttl, content)
+		VALUES('record-332','account-33','zone-331','test2.test-331.com','A',1800,'1.1.1.2');
+
+insert into domains (id, account_id, domain, target_cluster)
+		VALUES('domain-331','account-33','test-331.com','target-1.cluster.local');
+
+insert into name_server_groups (id, public_id, name, description, name_servers, groups, domains, enabled, search_domains_enabled, "primary", account_id)
+		VALUES('nsgroup-331','nsgroup-1-public','nsgroup-1','nsgroup-1','[{"IP":"192.168.31.2","NSType":1,"Port":53}]','["33-group-one-resource-id"]','["test-1.com"]',TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,'account-33');
+insert into name_server_groups (id, public_id, name, description, name_servers, groups, domains, enabled, search_domains_enabled,"primary",account_id)
+		VALUES('nsgroup-332','nsgroup-2-public','nsgroup-2','nsgroup-2','[{"IP":"192.168.32.3","NSType":1,"Port":53}]','["33-group-one-resource-id","33-group-no-resources-id"]','["test-1.com","test-2.com"]',TRUE,FALSE,TRUE,'account-33');
+
+insert into network_resources (id, account_id, network_id, public_id, name, description, type, domain, prefix, enabled)
+		VALUES('net-resource-331','account-33','network-331','net-resource-public-1','network-resource-1','network-resource-1','subnet','','"10.0.0.0/16"',TRUE);
+insert into network_resources (id, account_id, network_id, public_id, name, description, type, domain, prefix, enabled)
+		VALUES('net-resource-332','account-33','network-332','net-resource-public-2','network-resource-2','network-resource-2','domain','test.com','',TRUE);
+
+insert into network_routers (id, account_id, public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups)
+		VALUES('test-nr-id-331','account-33','public-id-1','peer-id-331','network-id-1',TRUE,999,TRUE,'["33-group-one-resource-id"]');
+insert into network_routers (id, account_id, public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups)
+		VALUES('test-nr-id-332','account-33','public-id-2','','network-id-2',TRUE,333,TRUE,'["33-group-two-resources-id","33-group-no-resources-id"]');
+
+insert into networks (id, account_id, public_id) VALUES('network-331','account-33','network-1-public');
+insert into networks (id, account_id, public_id) VALUES('network-332','account-33','network-2-public');
+
+insert into policies (id, public_id, account_id, enabled, source_posture_checks)
+		 values('policy-331','policy-1-public','account-33',true,'["posture-checks-1","posture-checks-2"]');
+insert into policy_rules (id, policy_id, enabled, action, protocol, bidirectional, sources, destinations,
+		                           source_resource, destination_resource, ports, port_ranges,
+								   authorized_groups, authorized_user)
+		 values('policy-331-rule-1','policy-331',true,'accept','tcp',true,'["33-group-one-resource-id","33-group-two-resources-id"]','["33-group-one-resource-id","33-group-two-resources-id"]',
+		        '{"ID":"host-id-1","Type":"host"}','{"ID":"domain-331","Type":"domain"}','["8080","8443"]', '[{"Start":8080,"End":8090}]',
+				'{"33-group-one-resource-id":["user-1", "user-2"]}','user-3');
+
+insert into posture_checks (id, account_id, public_id, checks)
+		VALUES('posturecheck-331','account-33','posturecheck-1-public',
+		'{"NBVersionCheck":{"MinVersion":"0.25.0"},
+		  "OSVersionCheck":{"Darwin":{"MinVersion":"12.0"}},
+		  "GeoLocationCheck":{"Locations":[{"CountryCode":"FI","CityName":""}],"Action":"allow"},
+		  "PeerNetworkRangeCheck":{"Action":"deny","Ranges":["192.168.0.1/24"]}}');
+
+insert into routes (id, account_id, public_id, network, domains, keep_route, net_id, description,
+	                         peer, peer_groups, network_type, masquerade, metric, enabled, 
+	                         groups, access_control_groups, skip_auto_apply)
+		VALUES('route-331','account-33','route-1-public','"172.0.0.0/16"','["test-1.com"]',true,'route-331-net-id','route-1',
+		        'peer-id-331','["33-group-one-resource-id"]',1,true,9999,true,
+				'["33-group-one-resource-id"]','["33-group-one-resource-id"]',false);
+
+insert into services (id, account_id, enabled, private, access_groups, proxy_cluster, domain)
+		 values('service-331','account-33',true,true,'["33-group-one-resource-id"]','test-1.com','test-332.com');
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_map_data_golden.json b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_map_data_golden.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf194851e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_map_data_golden.json
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+{
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-id-331": {
+      "ID": "peer-id-331",
+      "Key": "key-331",
+      "SSHKey": "ssh-key-1",
+      "DNSLabel": "peer-1",
+      "UserID": "user-id-1",
+      "SSHEnabled": true,
+      "LoginExpirationEnabled": true,
+      "LastLogin": "2026-08-06T13:25:59.12999Z",
+      "IP": "10.10.10.1",
+      "IPv6": "fdf4:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940",
+      "RequiresApproval": false,
+      "Connected": true,
+      "ExtraDNSLabels": [
+        "extra-peer-1"
+      ],
+      "Meta": {
+        "WtVersion": "0.76.0",
+        "GoOS": "linux",
+        "OSVersion": "26.4.1",
+        "KernelVersion": "6.8.0-134-generic",
+        "NetworkAddresses": [
+          {
+            "NetIP": "fe80::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64"
+          },
+          {
+            "NetIP": "192.168.16.1/20"
+          }
+        ],
+        "Files": [
+          {
+            "Path": "/usr/bin/netbird",
+            "ProcessIsRunning": false
+          }
+        ],
+        "Capabilities": [
+          1,
+          2
+        ],
+        "Flags": {
+          "ServerSSHAllowed": true,
+          "DisableIPv6": false
+        },
+        "SyncMessageVersion": 1
+      },
+      "ProxyMeta": {
+        "Embedded": true,
+        "Cluster": "cluster-1.netbird.services"
+      },
+      "Location": {
+        "CountryCode": "DE",
+        "CityName": "Berlin",
+        "ConnectionIP": "46.201.148.187"
+      }
+    },
+    "peer-id-332": {
+      "ID": "peer-id-332",
+      "Key": "key-332",
+      "SSHKey": "ssh-key-2",
+      "DNSLabel": "peer-2",
+      "UserID": "user-id-2",
+      "SSHEnabled": true,
+      "LoginExpirationEnabled": true,
+      "LastLogin": "2026-08-06T14:25:59.12999Z",
+      "IP": "10.10.100.1",
+      "IPv6": "fdf5:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940",
+      "RequiresApproval": false,
+      "Connected": true,
+      "ExtraDNSLabels": [
+        "extra-peer-2"
+      ],
+      "Meta": {
+        "WtVersion": "0.76.1",
+        "GoOS": "linux",
+        "OSVersion": "26.4.2",
+        "KernelVersion": "6.8.0-135-generic",
+        "NetworkAddresses": [
+          {
+            "NetIP": "fe81::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64"
+          },
+          {
+            "NetIP": "192.168.17.1/20"
+          }
+        ],
+        "Files": [
+          {
+            "Path": "/usr/bin/netbird",
+            "ProcessIsRunning": false
+          }
+        ],
+        "Capabilities": [
+          1,
+          2
+        ],
+        "Flags": {
+          "ServerSSHAllowed": true,
+          "DisableIPv6": false
+        },
+        "SyncMessageVersion": 0
+      },
+      "ProxyMeta": {
+        "Embedded": true,
+        "Cluster": "cluster-2.netbird.services"
+      },
+      "Location": {
+        "CountryCode": "DE",
+        "CityName": "Berlin",
+        "ConnectionIP": "46.201.149.187"
+      }
+    },
+    "peer-id-333": {
+      "ID": "peer-id-333",
+      "Key": "key-333",
+      "SSHKey": "ssh-key-3",
+      "DNSLabel": "peer-3",
+      "UserID": "user-id-3",
+      "SSHEnabled": true,
+      "LoginExpirationEnabled": true,
+      "LastLogin": "2026-08-06T12:25:59.12999Z",
+      "IP": "10.10.200.1",
+      "IPv6": "fdf6:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940",
+      "RequiresApproval": false,
+      "Connected": true,
+      "ExtraDNSLabels": [
+        "extra-peer-3"
+      ],
+      "Meta": {
+        "WtVersion": "0.76.2",
+        "GoOS": "linux",
+        "OSVersion": "26.4.3",
+        "KernelVersion": "6.8.0-136-generic",
+        "NetworkAddresses": [
+          {
+            "NetIP": "fe82::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64"
+          },
+          {
+            "NetIP": "192.168.18.1/20"
+          }
+        ],
+        "Files": [
+          {
+            "Path": "/usr/bin/netbird",
+            "ProcessIsRunning": false
+          }
+        ],
+        "Capabilities": [
+          1,
+          2
+        ],
+        "Flags": {
+          "ServerSSHAllowed": true,
+          "DisableIPv6": false
+        },
+        "SyncMessageVersion": 1
+      },
+      "ProxyMeta": {
+        "Embedded": true,
+        "Cluster": "cluster-3.netbird.services"
+      },
+      "Location": {
+        "CountryCode": "DE",
+        "CityName": "Berlin",
+        "ConnectionIP": "46.201.150.187"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "33-group-no-resources-id": {
+      "ID": "33-group-no-resources-id",
+      "Name": "group-3-name",
+      "PublicID": "33-group-no-resources-id-public",
+      "Peers": null,
+      "Resources": null
+    },
+    "33-group-one-resource-id": {
+      "ID": "33-group-one-resource-id",
+      "Name": "group-1-name",
+      "PublicID": "group-one-resource-id-public",
+      "Peers": [
+        "peer-id-331"
+      ],
+      "Resources": [
+        {
+          "ID": "host-id-1",
+          "Type": "host"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "33-group-two-resources-id": {
+      "ID": "33-group-two-resources-id",
+      "Name": "group-2-name",
+      "PublicID": "33-group-two-resources-id-public",
+      "Peers": [
+        "peer-id-332",
+        "peer-id-333"
+      ],
+      "Resources": [
+        {
+          "ID": "subnet-id-1",
+          "Type": "subnet"
+        },
+        {
+          "ID": "host-id-2",
+          "Type": "host"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "policy-331",
+      "PublicID": "policy-1-public",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": [
+        "posture-checks-1",
+        "posture-checks-2"
+      ],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "ID": "policy-331",
+          "PolicyID": "policy-331",
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": [
+            "33-group-one-resource-id",
+            "33-group-two-resources-id"
+          ],
+          "Destinations": [
+            "33-group-one-resource-id",
+            "33-group-two-resources-id"
+          ],
+          "SourceResource": {
+            "ID": "host-id-1",
+            "Type": "host"
+          },
+          "DestinationResource": {
+            "ID": "domain-331",
+            "Type": "domain"
+          },
+          "Ports": [
+            "8080",
+            "8443"
+          ],
+          "PortRanges": [
+            {
+              "Start": 8080,
+              "End": 8090
+            }
+          ],
+          "AuthorizedGroups": {
+            "33-group-one-resource-id": [
+              "user-1",
+              "user-2"
+            ]
+          },
+          "AuthorizedUser": "user-3"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "route-331",
+      "AccountID": "account-33",
+      "PublicID": "route-1-public",
+      "Network": "172.0.0.0/16",
+      "Domains": [
+        "test-1.com"
+      ],
+      "KeepRoute": true,
+      "NetID": "route-331-net-id",
+      "Description": "route-1",
+      "Peer": "peer-id-331",
+      "PeerID": "peer-id-331",
+      "PeerGroups": [
+        "33-group-one-resource-id"
+      ],
+      "NetworkType": 1,
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "Metric": 9999,
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Groups": [
+        "33-group-one-resource-id"
+      ],
+      "AccessControlGroups": [
+        "33-group-one-resource-id"
+      ],
+      "SkipAutoApply": false
+    }
+  ],
+  "NameServerGroups": [
+    {
+      "ID": "nsgroup-331",
+      "PublicID": "nsgroup-1-public",
+      "Name": "nsgroup-1",
+      "Description": "nsgroup-1",
+      "NameServers": [
+        {
+          "IP": "192.168.31.2",
+          "NSType": 1,
+          "Port": 53
+        }
+      ],
+      "Groups": [
+        "33-group-one-resource-id"
+      ],
+      "Primary": true,
+      "Domains": [
+        "test-1.com"
+      ],
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SearchDomainsEnabled": false
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "nsgroup-332",
+      "PublicID": "nsgroup-2-public",
+      "Name": "nsgroup-2",
+      "Description": "nsgroup-2",
+      "NameServers": [
+        {
+          "IP": "192.168.32.3",
+          "NSType": 1,
+          "Port": 53
+        }
+      ],
+      "Groups": [
+        "33-group-one-resource-id",
+        "33-group-no-resources-id"
+      ],
+      "Primary": true,
+      "Domains": [
+        "test-1.com",
+        "test-2.com"
+      ],
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SearchDomainsEnabled": false
+    }
+  ],
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "net-resource-331",
+      "NetworkID": "network-331",
+      "AccountID": "account-33",
+      "PublicID": "net-resource-public-1",
+      "Name": "network-resource-1",
+      "Description": "network-resource-1",
+      "Type": "subnet",
+      "Address": "",
+      "Domain": "",
+      "Prefix": "10.0.0.0/16",
+      "Enabled": true
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "net-resource-332",
+      "NetworkID": "network-332",
+      "AccountID": "account-33",
+      "PublicID": "net-resource-public-2",
+      "Name": "network-resource-2",
+      "Description": "network-resource-2",
+      "Type": "domain",
+      "Address": "",
+      "Domain": "test.com",
+      "Prefix": "",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Network": {
+    "Identifier": "network-331",
+    "Net": {
+      "IP": "100.103.0.0",
+      "Mask": "//8AAA=="
+    },
+    "NetV6": {
+      "IP": "fdde:e995:fd38:a465::",
+      "Mask": "//////////8AAAAAAAAAAA=="
+    },
+    "Dns": "",
+    "Serial": 1
+  },
+  "DNSSettings": {
+    "DisabledManagementGroups": [
+      "disabled-group-1",
+      "disabled-group-2"
+    ]
+  },
+  "AccountSettings": {
+    "PeerLoginExpirationEnabled": true,
+    "PeerLoginExpiration": 86400000000000,
+    "PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled": false,
+    "PeerInactivityExpiration": 86400000000000,
+    "DNSDomain": "",
+    "IPv6EnabledGroups": [
+      "33-group-one-resource-id"
+    ],
+    "RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": false,
+    "LazyConnectionEnabled": false,
+    "AutoUpdateVersion": "disabled",
+    "AutoUpdateAlways": false,
+    "MetricsPushEnabled": false
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "posturecheck-331": {
+      "ID": "posturecheck-331",
+      "Checks": {
+        "NBVersionCheck": {
+          "MinVersion": "0.25.0"
+        },
+        "OSVersionCheck": {
+          "Android": null,
+          "Darwin": {
+            "MinVersion": "12.0"
+          },
+          "Ios": null,
+          "Linux": null,
+          "Windows": null
+        },
+        "GeoLocationCheck": {
+          "Locations": [
+            {
+              "CountryCode": "FI",
+              "CityName": ""
+            }
+          ],
+          "Action": "allow"
+        },
+        "PeerNetworkRangeCheck": {
+          "Action": "deny",
+          "Ranges": [
+            "192.168.0.1/24"
+          ]
+        },
+        "ProcessCheck": null
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "PostureValidation": null,
+  "AllowedUserIDs": {},
+  "NetworkXIDToPublicID": {
+    "network-331": "network-1-public",
+    "network-332": "network-2-public"
+  },
+  "PostureCheckXIDToPublicID": {
+    "posturecheck-331": "posturecheck-1-public"
+  },
+  "ValidatedPeers": {
+    "peer-id-1": {},
+    "peer-id-2": {},
+    "peer-id-3": {}
+  },
+  "ResourcePolicies": {},
+  "Routers": {
+    "network-id-1": {
+      "peer-id-331": {
+        "PublicID": "public-id-1",
+        "PeerGroups": [
+          "33-group-one-resource-id"
+        ],
+        "Masquerade": true,
+        "Metric": 999,
+        "Enabled": true
+      }
+    },
+    "network-id-2": {
+      "peer-id-332": {
+        "PublicID": "public-id-2",
+        "PeerGroups": [
+          "33-group-two-resources-id",
+          "33-group-no-resources-id"
+        ],
+        "Masquerade": true,
+        "Metric": 333,
+        "Enabled": true
+      },
+      "peer-id-333": {
+        "PublicID": "public-id-2",
+        "PeerGroups": [
+          "33-group-two-resources-id",
+          "33-group-no-resources-id"
+        ],
+        "Masquerade": true,
+        "Metric": 333,
+        "Enabled": true
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "GroupIDToUserIDs": {},
+  "DNSDomain": "",
+  "ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs": {},
+  "AppliedZoneCandidates": [
+    {
+      "DistributionGroups": [
+        "33-group-one-resource-id"
+      ],
+      "Zone": {
+        "Domain": "test-331.com.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "test.test-331.com.",
+            "Type": 1,
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": 1800,
+            "RData": "1.1.1.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "test2.test-331.com.",
+            "Type": 1,
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": 1800,
+            "RData": "1.1.1.2"
+          }
+        ],
+        "SearchDomainDisabled": false,
+        "NonAuthoritative": true
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "DistributionGroups": [
+        "33-group-two-resources-id"
+      ],
+      "Zone": {
+        "Domain": "search-off-331.com.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "test.search-off-331.com.",
+            "Type": 1,
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": 1800,
+            "RData": "1.1.1.3"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "alias.search-off-331.com.",
+            "Type": 5,
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": 1800,
+            "RData": "test.search-off-331.com."
+          }
+        ],
+        "SearchDomainDisabled": true,
+        "NonAuthoritative": true
+      }
+    }
+  ],
+  "PrivateServiceCandidates": null,
+  "Services": null,
+  "Domains": [
+    {
+      "Domain": "test-331.com",
+      "TargetCluster": "target-1.cluster.local"
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_map_data_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_map_data_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00c0ec03f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_map_data_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	_ "embed"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+)
+
+//go:embed network_map_data.sql
+var nmapData string
+
+//go:embed network_map_data_golden.json
+var goldenNMap string
+
+const EnvUpdateGoldenData = "NMAP_UPDATE_GOLDEN_DATA"
+
+func TestGetNetworkMapData(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	// The two mocks are generated by different mock frameworks, so each needs a
+	// controller of its own kind.
+	extraSettingsManager := settings.NewMockManager(gomock.NewController(t))
+	extraSettingsManager.EXPECT().GetExtraSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(&types.ExtraSettings{}, nil)
+
+	peerValidators := integrated_validator.NewMockIntegratedValidator(gomock.NewController(t))
+	peerValidators.EXPECT().GetValidatedPeers(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(
+		map[string]struct{}{
+			"peer-id-1": {},
+			"peer-id-2": {},
+			"peer-id-3": {},
+		}, nil)
+
+	storeImpl := networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl{
+		Store:                   store(t),
+		ExtraSettingsManager:    extraSettingsManager,
+		IntegratedPeerValidator: peerValidators,
+	}
+
+	for _, query := range strings.Split(nmapData, ";") {
+		if err := store(t).Exec(ctx, query); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("error initializing nmap test: %s", err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+
+	nmap, err := storeImpl.GetNetworkMapData(ctx, "account-33")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	serializedNMap, err := json.MarshalIndent(nmap, "", "  ")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	if _, ok := os.LookupEnv(EnvUpdateGoldenData); ok {
+		_, filename, _, _ := runtime.Caller(0)
+		tosavepath := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filename), "network_map_data_golden.json")
+		err = os.WriteFile(tosavepath, serializedNMap, 0644)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		goldenNMap = string(serializedNMap)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, goldenNMap, string(serializedNMap))
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_resource_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_resource_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4325ed3ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_resource_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetNetworkResources(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into network_resources (id, account_id, network_id, public_id, name, description, type, domain, prefix, enabled)
+		VALUES('net-resource-1','account-1','network-1','net-resource-public-1','network-resource-1','network-resource-1','subnet','','"10.0.0.0/16"',TRUE)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into network_resources (id, account_id, network_id, public_id, name, description, type, domain, prefix, enabled)
+		VALUES('net-resource-2','account-1','network-2','net-resource-public-2','network-resource-2','network-resource-2','domain','test.com','',TRUE)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into network_resources (id, account_id, network_id, public_id, name, description, type, domain, prefix, enabled)
+		VALUES('net-resource-3','account-1','network-3','net-resource-public-3','network-resource-3','network-resource-3','host','','"10.0.0.1/32"',TRUE)`)
+
+	resources, err := conn(t, ctx).GetNetworkResources(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, resources, nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		ID:          "net-resource-1",
+		AccountID:   "account-1",
+		NetworkID:   "network-1",
+		PublicID:    "net-resource-public-1",
+		Name:        "network-resource-1",
+		Description: "network-resource-1",
+		Type:        "subnet",
+		Domain:      "",
+		Prefix:      netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/16"),
+		Enabled:     true,
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, resources, nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		ID:          "net-resource-2",
+		AccountID:   "account-1",
+		NetworkID:   "network-2",
+		PublicID:    "net-resource-public-2",
+		Name:        "network-resource-2",
+		Description: "network-resource-2",
+		Type:        "domain",
+		Domain:      "test.com",
+		Enabled:     true,
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, resources, nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		ID:          "net-resource-3",
+		AccountID:   "account-1",
+		NetworkID:   "network-3",
+		PublicID:    "net-resource-public-3",
+		Name:        "network-resource-3",
+		Description: "network-resource-3",
+		Type:        "host",
+		Domain:      "",
+		Prefix:      netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.1/32"),
+		Enabled:     true,
+	})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_router_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_router_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2baf146a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_router_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetNetworkRouters(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into network_routers (id, account_id, public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups)
+		VALUES('test-nr-id-1','account-1','public-id-1','peer-id-1','network-id-1',TRUE,999,TRUE,'["group-one-resource-id"]')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into network_routers (id, account_id, public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups)
+		VALUES('test-nr-id-2','account-1','public-id-2','','network-id-2',TRUE,333,TRUE,'["group-two-resources-id","group-no-resources-id"]')`)
+	// empty peer_groups
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into network_routers (id, account_id, public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups)
+		VALUES('test-nr-id-3','account-1','public-id-3','peer-id-3','network-id-3',TRUE,999,TRUE,'[]')`)
+	// nil peer_groups
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into network_routers (id, account_id, public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups)
+		VALUES('test-nr-id-4','account-1','public-id-4','peer-id-4','network-id-4',TRUE,999,TRUE,null)`)
+
+	routers, err := conn(t, ctx).GetNetworkRouters(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, routers)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, routers["network-id-1"],
+		map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"peer-id-1": {PublicID: "public-id-1", Masquerade: true, Metric: 999, Enabled: true, PeerGroups: []string{"group-one-resource-id"}}})
+	assert.Equal(t, routers["network-id-2"],
+		map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{
+			"peer-id-2": {PublicID: "public-id-2", Masquerade: true, Metric: 333, Enabled: true, PeerGroups: []string{"group-two-resources-id", "group-no-resources-id"}},
+			"peer-id-3": {PublicID: "public-id-2", Masquerade: true, Metric: 333, Enabled: true, PeerGroups: []string{"group-two-resources-id", "group-no-resources-id"}}})
+	assert.Equal(t, routers["network-id-3"],
+		map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"peer-id-3": {PublicID: "public-id-3", Masquerade: true, Metric: 999, Enabled: true, PeerGroups: []string{}}})
+	assert.Equal(t, routers["network-id-4"],
+		map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"peer-id-4": {PublicID: "public-id-4", Masquerade: true, Metric: 999, Enabled: true, PeerGroups: nil}})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbccee504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/network_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetNetwork(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	network, err := conn(t, ctx).GetNetwork(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, network, nmdata.Network{
+		Identifier: "network-1",
+		Net:        mustParseCIDR("100.103.0.0/16"),
+		NetV6:      mustParseCIDR("fdde:e995:fd38:a465::/64"),
+		Serial:     1,
+	})
+
+	network, err = conn(t, ctx).GetNetwork(ctx, "account-2")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, network, nmdata.Network{
+		Identifier: "network-2",
+		Net:        mustParseCIDR("110.0.0.0/16"),
+		NetV6:      mustParseCIDR("fddf:e995:fd38:a465::/64"),
+		Serial:     2,
+	})
+}
+
+func mustParseCIDR(s string) net.IPNet {
+	var toret net.IPNet
+
+	_, net, err := net.ParseCIDR(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	jn, err := json.Marshal(net)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	err = json.Unmarshal(jn, &toret)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	return toret
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/networks_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/networks_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5af771522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/networks_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetNetworks(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into networks (id, account_id, public_id) VALUES('network-1','account-1','network-1-public')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into networks (id, account_id, public_id) VALUES('network-2','account-1','network-2-public')`)
+
+	networksIdx, err := conn(t, ctx).GetNetworkXIDToPublicIdMap(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, networksIdx, map[string]string{
+		"network-1": "network-1-public",
+		"network-2": "network-2-public",
+	})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/peer_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/peer_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf2d7928f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/peer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	peers, clusterToPeersIdx, err := conn(t, ctx).GetPeers(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// shouldn't be returned in the index, as it's not connected
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into peers (id,account_id,"key",ssh_key,proxy_meta_embedded,peer_status_connected)
+		 values('peer-4','account-1','key-4','ssh-key-4',true,false)`)
+	// shouldn't be returned in the index as it doesn't have cluster set
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into peers (id,account_id,"key",ssh_key,proxy_meta_embedded,peer_status_connected)
+		 values('peer-5','account-1','key-5','ssh-key-5',false,true)`)
+
+	peer1 := nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:                     "peer-id-1",
+		Key:                    "key-1",
+		SSHKey:                 "ssh-key-1",
+		DNSLabel:               "peer-1",
+		ExtraDNSLabels:         []string{"extra-peer-1"},
+		UserID:                 "user-id-1",
+		SSHEnabled:             true,
+		LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		LastLogin:              mustParseTime("2026-08-06T13:25:59.12999+00:00"),
+		IP:                     netip.MustParseAddr("10.10.10.1"),
+		IPv6:                   netip.MustParseAddr("fdf4:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940"),
+		RequiresApproval:       false,
+		Connected:              true,
+		Meta: nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{
+			WtVersion:     "0.76.0",
+			GoOS:          "linux",
+			OSVersion:     "26.4.1",
+			KernelVersion: "6.8.0-134-generic",
+			NetworkAddresses: []nmdata.NetworkAddress{
+				{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("fe80::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64")},
+				{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.16.1/20")},
+			},
+			Files: []nmdata.File{
+				{Path: "/usr/bin/netbird", ProcessIsRunning: false},
+			},
+			Capabilities: []int32{1, 2},
+			Flags: nmdata.Flags{
+				ServerSSHAllowed: true,
+				DisableIPv6:      false,
+			},
+			SyncMessageVersion: 1,
+		},
+		ProxyMeta: nmdata.ProxyMeta{
+			Embedded: true,
+			Cluster:  "cluster-1.netbird.services",
+		},
+		Location: nmdata.PeerLocation{
+			CountryCode:  "DE",
+			CityName:     "Berlin",
+			ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("46.201.148.187"),
+		},
+	}
+	peer2 := nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:                     "peer-id-2",
+		Key:                    "key-2",
+		SSHKey:                 "ssh-key-2",
+		DNSLabel:               "peer-2",
+		ExtraDNSLabels:         []string{"extra-peer-2"},
+		UserID:                 "user-id-2",
+		SSHEnabled:             true,
+		LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		LastLogin:              mustParseTime("2026-08-06T14:25:59.12999+00:00"),
+		IP:                     netip.MustParseAddr("10.10.100.1"),
+		IPv6:                   netip.MustParseAddr("fdf5:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940"),
+		RequiresApproval:       false,
+		Connected:              true,
+		Meta: nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{
+			WtVersion:     "0.76.1",
+			GoOS:          "linux",
+			OSVersion:     "26.4.2",
+			KernelVersion: "6.8.0-135-generic",
+			NetworkAddresses: []nmdata.NetworkAddress{
+				{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("fe81::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64")},
+				{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.17.1/20")},
+			},
+			Files: []nmdata.File{
+				{Path: "/usr/bin/netbird", ProcessIsRunning: false},
+			},
+			Capabilities: []int32{1, 2},
+			Flags: nmdata.Flags{
+				ServerSSHAllowed: true,
+				DisableIPv6:      false,
+			},
+			SyncMessageVersion: 0,
+		},
+		ProxyMeta: nmdata.ProxyMeta{
+			Embedded: true,
+			Cluster:  "cluster-2.netbird.services",
+		},
+		Location: nmdata.PeerLocation{
+			CountryCode:  "DE",
+			CityName:     "Berlin",
+			ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("46.201.149.187"),
+		},
+	}
+	peer3 := nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:                     "peer-id-3",
+		Key:                    "key-3",
+		SSHKey:                 "ssh-key-3",
+		DNSLabel:               "peer-3",
+		ExtraDNSLabels:         []string{"extra-peer-3"},
+		UserID:                 "user-id-3",
+		SSHEnabled:             true,
+		LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		LastLogin:              mustParseTime("2026-08-06T12:25:59.12999+00:00"),
+		IP:                     netip.MustParseAddr("10.10.200.1"),
+		IPv6:                   netip.MustParseAddr("fdf6:ba80:6aa5:89f1:44d7:8701:8699:4940"),
+		RequiresApproval:       false,
+		Connected:              true,
+		Meta: nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{
+			WtVersion:     "0.76.2",
+			GoOS:          "linux",
+			OSVersion:     "26.4.3",
+			KernelVersion: "6.8.0-136-generic",
+			NetworkAddresses: []nmdata.NetworkAddress{
+				{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("fe82::8b4c:973f:a76b:3771/64")},
+				{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.18.1/20")},
+			},
+			Files: []nmdata.File{
+				{Path: "/usr/bin/netbird", ProcessIsRunning: false},
+			},
+			Capabilities: []int32{1, 2},
+			Flags: nmdata.Flags{
+				ServerSSHAllowed: true,
+				DisableIPv6:      false,
+			},
+			SyncMessageVersion: 1,
+		},
+		ProxyMeta: nmdata.ProxyMeta{
+			Embedded: true,
+			Cluster:  "cluster-3.netbird.services",
+		},
+		Location: nmdata.PeerLocation{
+			CountryCode:  "DE",
+			CityName:     "Berlin",
+			ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("46.201.150.187"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.Contains(t, peers, peer1)
+	assert.Contains(t, peers, peer2)
+	assert.Contains(t, peers, peer3)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, clusterToPeersIdx, map[string][]*nmdata.Peer{
+		"cluster-1.netbird.services": {&peer1},
+		"cluster-2.netbird.services": {&peer2},
+		"cluster-3.netbird.services": {&peer3},
+	})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/pg_test_store.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/pg_test_store.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1710747b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/pg_test_store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	networkmap_pgsql "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql"
+	gormstore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/testutil"
+	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+func createPGTestStore(baseData string) (*networkmap_pgsql.PgStore, func()) {
+	_, tmpdsn, err := testutil.CreatePostgresTestContainer()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("error starting postres container %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var db *gorm.DB
+	for i := range 5 {
+		db, err = gorm.Open(postgres.Open(tmpdsn), &gorm.Config{})
+
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		if i < 5 {
+			waitTime := time.Duration(100*(i+1)) * time.Millisecond
+			time.Sleep(waitTime)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		log.Fatalf("error connecting to postres db %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var cleanup func()
+	dsn, cleanup, err := createRandomDB(tmpdsn, db)
+	sqlDB, _ := db.DB()
+	if sqlDB != nil {
+		sqlDB.Close()
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("error creating postres db %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = gormstore.NewPostgresqlStoreForTests(context.TODO(), dsn, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("error running migrations %v", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	pgstore, err := networkmap_pgsql.NewPostgresqlStore(ctx, dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal("error creating postgres store %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, query := range strings.Split(baseData, ";") {
+		if _, err := pgstore.Pool.Exec(ctx, query); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("error initializing db: %s", err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pgstore, cleanup
+}
+
+func createRandomDB(dsn string, db *gorm.DB) (string, func(), error) {
+	dbName := fmt.Sprintf("test_db_%s", strings.ReplaceAll(uuid.New().String(), "-", "_"))
+
+	if err := db.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("CREATE DATABASE %s", dbName)).Error; err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create database: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	originalDSN := dsn
+
+	cleanup := func() {
+		var dropDB *gorm.DB
+		var err error
+
+		dropDB, err = gorm.Open(postgres.Open(originalDSN), &gorm.Config{
+			SkipDefaultTransaction: true,
+			PrepareStmt:            false,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to connect for dropping database %s: %v", dbName, err)
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() {
+			if sqlDB, _ := dropDB.DB(); sqlDB != nil {
+				sqlDB.Close()
+			}
+		}()
+
+		if sqlDB, _ := dropDB.DB(); sqlDB != nil {
+			sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(1)
+			sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(0)
+			sqlDB.SetConnMaxLifetime(time.Second)
+		}
+
+		err = dropDB.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS %s WITH (FORCE)", dbName)).Error
+
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to drop database %s: %v", dbName, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return replaceDBName(dsn, dbName), cleanup, nil
+}
+
+func replaceDBName(dsn, newDBName string) string {
+	re := regexp.MustCompile(`(?P<pre>[:/@])(?P<dbname>[^/?]+)(?P<post>\?|$)`)
+	return re.ReplaceAllString(dsn, `${pre}`+newDBName+`${post}`)
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/policy_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/policy_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f4c543da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/policy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetPolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into policies (id, public_id, account_id, enabled, source_posture_checks)
+		 values('policy-1','policy-1-public','account-1',true,'["posture-checks-1","posture-checks-2"]')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into policy_rules (id, policy_id, enabled, action, protocol, bidirectional, sources, destinations,
+		                           source_resource, destination_resource, ports, port_ranges,
+								   authorized_groups, authorized_user)
+		 values('policy-1-rule-1','policy-1',true,'accept','tcp',true,'["group-one-resource-id","group-two-resources-id"]','["group-one-resource-id","group-two-resources-id"]',
+		        '{"ID":"host-id-1","Type":"host"}','{"ID":"domain-1","Type":"domain"}','["8080","8443"]', '[{"Start":8080,"End":8090}]',
+				'{"group-one-resource-id":["user-1", "user-2"]}','user-3')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into policies (id, public_id, account_id, enabled, source_posture_checks)
+		 values('policy-2','policy-2-public','account-1',true,'["posture-checks-3","posture-checks-4"]')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into policy_rules (id, policy_id, enabled, action, protocol, bidirectional, sources, destinations,
+		                           source_resource, destination_resource, ports, port_ranges,
+								   authorized_groups, authorized_user)
+		 values('policy-2-rule-1','policy-2',true,'accept','tcp',true,'["group-one-resource-id"]','["group-two-resources-id"]',
+		        '{"ID":"host-id-3","Type":"host"}','{"ID":"domain-3","Type":"domain"}','["8080","8443"]', '[{"Start":8080,"End":8090}]',
+				'{"group-one-resource-id":["user-6", "user-7"]}','user-8')`)
+	// policy with a rule with null fields
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into policies (id, public_id, account_id, enabled, source_posture_checks)
+		 values('policy-3','policy-3-public','account-1',true,null)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into policy_rules (id, policy_id, enabled, action, protocol, bidirectional, sources, destinations,
+		                           source_resource, destination_resource, ports, port_ranges,
+								   authorized_groups, authorized_user)
+		 values('policy-3-rule-1','policy-3',true,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null)`)
+	// policy with a disabled rule, destination resource and groups should not be in indexes
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into policies (id, public_id, account_id, enabled, source_posture_checks)
+		 values('policy-4','policy-4-public','account-1',true,null)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into policy_rules (id, policy_id, enabled, action, protocol, bidirectional, sources, destinations,
+		                           source_resource, destination_resource, ports, port_ranges,
+								   authorized_groups, authorized_user)
+		 values('policy-4-rule-1','policy-4',false,null,null,null,null,'["group-two-resources-id"]',
+		        null,'{"ID":"domain-3","Type":"domain"}',null,null,null,null)`)
+
+	policies, policyToDestinationResourceIdx, policyToDestinationGroupIdx, err := conn(t, ctx).GetPolicies(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, policies, nmdata.Policy{
+		ID:                  "policy-1",
+		PublicID:            "policy-1-public",
+		Enabled:             true,
+		SourcePostureChecks: []string{"posture-checks-1", "posture-checks-2"},
+		Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				ID:                  "policy-1",
+				PolicyID:            "policy-1",
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Action:              "accept",
+				Protocol:            "tcp",
+				Bidirectional:       true,
+				Sources:             []string{"group-one-resource-id", "group-two-resources-id"},
+				Destinations:        []string{"group-one-resource-id", "group-two-resources-id"},
+				SourceResource:      nmdata.Resource{ID: "host-id-1", Type: "host"},
+				DestinationResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: "domain-1", Type: "domain"},
+				Ports:               []string{"8080", "8443"},
+				PortRanges:          []nmdata.RulePortRange{{Start: 8080, End: 8090}},
+				AuthorizedGroups:    map[string][]string{"group-one-resource-id": {"user-1", "user-2"}},
+				AuthorizedUser:      "user-3",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, policies, nmdata.Policy{
+		ID:                  "policy-2",
+		PublicID:            "policy-2-public",
+		Enabled:             true,
+		SourcePostureChecks: []string{"posture-checks-3", "posture-checks-4"},
+		Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				ID:                  "policy-2",
+				PolicyID:            "policy-2",
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Action:              "accept",
+				Protocol:            "tcp",
+				Bidirectional:       true,
+				Sources:             []string{"group-one-resource-id"},
+				Destinations:        []string{"group-two-resources-id"},
+				SourceResource:      nmdata.Resource{ID: "host-id-3", Type: "host"},
+				DestinationResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: "domain-3", Type: "domain"},
+				Ports:               []string{"8080", "8443"},
+				PortRanges:          []nmdata.RulePortRange{{Start: 8080, End: 8090}},
+				AuthorizedGroups:    map[string][]string{"group-one-resource-id": {"user-6", "user-7"}},
+				AuthorizedUser:      "user-8",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, policies, nmdata.Policy{
+		ID:                  "policy-3",
+		PublicID:            "policy-3-public",
+		Enabled:             true,
+		SourcePostureChecks: nil,
+		Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				ID:       "policy-3",
+				PolicyID: "policy-3",
+				Enabled:  true,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, policies, nmdata.Policy{
+		ID:                  "policy-4",
+		PublicID:            "policy-4-public",
+		Enabled:             true,
+		SourcePostureChecks: nil,
+		Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				ID:                  "policy-4",
+				PolicyID:            "policy-4",
+				Enabled:             false,
+				Destinations:        []string{"group-two-resources-id"},
+				DestinationResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: "domain-3", Type: "domain"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, policyToDestinationGroupIdx, map[string]map[string]any{
+		"policy-1": {"group-one-resource-id": struct{}{}, "group-two-resources-id": struct{}{}},
+		"policy-2": {"group-two-resources-id": struct{}{}},
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, policyToDestinationResourceIdx, map[string]map[string]any{
+		"policy-1": {"domain-1": struct{}{}},
+		"policy-2": {"domain-3": struct{}{}},
+	})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/posture_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/posture_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b4bb3f3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/posture_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into posture_checks (id, account_id, public_id, checks)
+		VALUES('posturecheck-1','account-1','posturecheck-1-public',
+		'{"NBVersionCheck":{"MinVersion":"0.25.0"},
+		  "OSVersionCheck":{"Darwin":{"MinVersion":"12.0"}},
+		  "GeoLocationCheck":{"Locations":[{"CountryCode":"FI","CityName":""}],"Action":"allow"},
+		  "PeerNetworkRangeCheck":{"Action":"deny","Ranges":["192.168.0.1/24"]}}')`)
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into posture_checks (id, account_id, public_id, checks)
+		VALUES('posturecheck-2','account-1','posturecheck-2-public',
+		'{"NBVersionCheck":{"MinVersion":"0.25.0"},
+		  "OSVersionCheck":{"Android":{"MinVersion":"0"}},
+		  "GeoLocationCheck":{"Locations":[{"CountryCode":"US","CityName":"Harker Heights"}],"Action":"allow"},
+		  "PeerNetworkRangeCheck":{"Action":"allow","Ranges":["0.0.0.0/0"]}}')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into posture_checks (id, account_id, public_id, checks)
+		VALUES('posturecheck-3','account-1','posturecheck-3-public', null)`)
+
+	postureChecks, idToPublicIDIdx, err := conn(t, ctx).GetPostureChecks(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, idToPublicIDIdx, map[string]string{
+		"posturecheck-1": "posturecheck-1-public",
+		"posturecheck-2": "posturecheck-2-public",
+		"posturecheck-3": "posturecheck-3-public",
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, postureChecks, nmdata.PostureChecks{
+		ID: "posturecheck-1",
+		Checks: nmdata.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck:        &nmdata.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.25.0"},
+			OSVersionCheck:        &nmdata.OSVersionCheck{Darwin: &nmdata.MinVersionCheck{MinVersion: "12.0"}},
+			GeoLocationCheck:      &nmdata.GeoLocationCheck{Locations: []nmdata.GeoLocation{{CountryCode: "FI"}}, Action: "allow"},
+			PeerNetworkRangeCheck: &nmdata.PeerNetworkRangeCheck{Action: "deny", Ranges: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.1/24")}},
+		}})
+	assert.Contains(t, postureChecks, nmdata.PostureChecks{
+		ID: "posturecheck-2",
+		Checks: nmdata.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck:        &nmdata.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.25.0"},
+			OSVersionCheck:        &nmdata.OSVersionCheck{Android: &nmdata.MinVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0"}},
+			GeoLocationCheck:      &nmdata.GeoLocationCheck{Locations: []nmdata.GeoLocation{{CountryCode: "US", CityName: "Harker Heights"}}, Action: "allow"},
+			PeerNetworkRangeCheck: &nmdata.PeerNetworkRangeCheck{Action: "allow", Ranges: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")}},
+		}})
+	assert.Contains(t, postureChecks, nmdata.PostureChecks{
+		ID: "posturecheck-3"})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/route_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/route_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12e9302f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/route_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into routes (id, account_id, public_id, network, domains, keep_route, net_id, description,
+	                         peer, peer_groups, network_type, masquerade, metric, enabled, 
+	                         groups, access_control_groups, skip_auto_apply)
+		VALUES('route-1','account-1','route-1-public','"172.0.0.0/16"','["test-1.com"]',true,'route-1-net-id','route-1',
+		        'peer-id-1','["group-one-resource-id"]',1,true,9999,true,
+				'["group-one-resource-id"]','["group-one-resource-id"]',false)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into routes (id, account_id, public_id, network, domains, keep_route, net_id, description,
+	                         peer, peer_groups, network_type, masquerade, metric, enabled, 
+	                         groups, access_control_groups, skip_auto_apply)
+		VALUES('route-2','account-1','route-2-public','"172.10.0.0/16"','["test-1.com","test-2.com"]',true,'route-2-net-id','route-2',
+		        'peer-id-2','["group-two-resources-id"]',1,true,9999,true,
+				'["group-two-resources-id"]','["group-two-resources-id"]',false)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into routes (id, account_id, public_id, network, domains, keep_route, net_id, description,
+	                         peer, peer_groups, network_type, masquerade, metric, enabled, 
+	                         groups, access_control_groups, skip_auto_apply)
+		VALUES('route-3','account-1','route-3-public',null,null,null,null,'route-3',
+		        null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null)`)
+
+	routes, err := conn(t, ctx).GetRoutes(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, routes, nmdata.Route{
+		ID:                  "route-1",
+		AccountID:           "account-1",
+		PublicID:            "route-1-public",
+		Network:             netip.MustParsePrefix("172.0.0.0/16"),
+		Domains:             domain.List{"test-1.com"},
+		KeepRoute:           true,
+		NetID:               "route-1-net-id",
+		Description:         "route-1",
+		Peer:                "peer-id-1",
+		PeerID:              "peer-id-1",
+		PeerGroups:          []string{"group-one-resource-id"},
+		NetworkType:         1,
+		Masquerade:          true,
+		Metric:              9999,
+		Enabled:             true,
+		Groups:              []string{"group-one-resource-id"},
+		AccessControlGroups: []string{"group-one-resource-id"},
+		SkipAutoApply:       false,
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, routes, nmdata.Route{
+		ID:                  "route-2",
+		AccountID:           "account-1",
+		PublicID:            "route-2-public",
+		Network:             netip.MustParsePrefix("172.10.0.0/16"),
+		Domains:             domain.List{"test-1.com", "test-2.com"},
+		KeepRoute:           true,
+		NetID:               "route-2-net-id",
+		Description:         "route-2",
+		Peer:                "peer-id-2",
+		PeerID:              "peer-id-2",
+		PeerGroups:          []string{"group-two-resources-id"},
+		NetworkType:         1,
+		Masquerade:          true,
+		Metric:              9999,
+		Enabled:             true,
+		Groups:              []string{"group-two-resources-id"},
+		AccessControlGroups: []string{"group-two-resources-id"},
+		SkipAutoApply:       false,
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, routes, nmdata.Route{
+		ID:          "route-3",
+		AccountID:   "account-1",
+		PublicID:    "route-3-public",
+		Description: "route-3",
+	})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/service_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/service_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..effc7a707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/service_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+)
+
+func TestGetPrivateServices(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into services (id, account_id, enabled, private, access_groups, proxy_cluster, domain)
+		 values('service-1','account-1',true,true,'["group-one-resource-id"]','test-1.com','test-2.com')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into services (id, account_id, enabled, private, access_groups, proxy_cluster, domain)
+		 values('service-2','account-1',true,true,'["group-one-resource-id","group-two-resources-id"]','test-3.com','test-4.com')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into services (id, account_id, enabled, private, access_groups, proxy_cluster, domain)
+		 values('service-3','account-1',null,null,null,null,null)`)
+
+	services, err := conn(t, ctx).GetPrivateServices(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, services, networkmapdb.Service{
+		Enabled:      sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+		Private:      sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+		AccessGroups: []string{"group-one-resource-id"},
+		ProxyCluster: sql.NullString{String: "test-1.com", Valid: true},
+		Domain:       sql.NullString{String: "test-2.com", Valid: true},
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, services, networkmapdb.Service{
+		Enabled:      sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+		Private:      sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+		AccessGroups: []string{"group-one-resource-id", "group-two-resources-id"},
+		ProxyCluster: sql.NullString{String: "test-3.com", Valid: true},
+		Domain:       sql.NullString{String: "test-4.com", Valid: true},
+	})
+	assert.Contains(t, services, networkmapdb.Service{
+		Enabled:      sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: false},
+		Private:      sql.NullBool{Bool: false, Valid: false},
+		AccessGroups: []string{},
+		ProxyCluster: sql.NullString{String: "", Valid: false},
+		Domain:       sql.NullString{String: "", Valid: false},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into services (id, account_id, enabled, terminated)
+		 values('service-4','account-1',true,false)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into targets (target_id, account_id, service_id, enabled, target_type)
+		 values('target-1','account-1','service-4',true,'domain')`)
+	// id shouldn't be returned as the taget_type is not "domain"
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into targets (target_id, account_id, service_id, enabled, target_type)
+		 values('target-2','account-1','service-4',true,'cluster')`)
+	// id shouldn't be included as the target is disabled
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into targets (target_id, account_id, service_id, enabled, target_type)
+		 values('target-3','account-1','service-4',false,'domain')`)
+	// id shouldn't be included as the service is disabled
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into services (id, account_id, enabled, terminated)
+		 values('service-5','account-1',false,false)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into targets (target_id, account_id, service_id, enabled, target_type)
+		 values('target-4','account-1','service-5',false,'domain')`)
+	// id shouldn't be included as the service is terminated (explicitly)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into services (id, account_id, enabled, terminated)
+		 values('service-6','account-1',true,true)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into targets (target_id, account_id, service_id, enabled, target_type)
+		 values('target-5','account-1','service-6',true,'domain')`)
+	// id shouldn't be included as the service is terminated (implicitly)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into services (id, account_id, enabled, terminated)
+		 values('service-7','account-1',true,null)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into targets (target_id, account_id, service_id, enabled, target_type)
+		 values('target-6','account-1','service-7',true,'domain')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into services (id, account_id, enabled, terminated)
+		 values('service-8','account-1',true,false)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into targets (target_id, account_id, service_id, enabled, target_type)
+		 values('target-7','account-1','service-8',true,'domain')`)
+	// id shouldn't be returned as the taget_id is null
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into targets (target_id, account_id, service_id, enabled, target_type)
+		 values(null,'account-1','service-4',true,'cluster')`)
+
+	servtargetedDomains, err := conn(t, ctx).GetProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, servtargetedDomains, map[string]struct{}{
+		"target-1": {},
+		"target-6": {},
+		"target-7": {},
+	})
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/sqlite_test_store.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/sqlite_test_store.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c70c93d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/sqlite_test_store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	networkmap_sqlite "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite"
+	gormstore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+func createSqliteTestStore(baseData string) (*networkmap_sqlite.SqliteStore, func()) {
+	storeSqliteFileName := ":memory:"
+	storeStr := fmt.Sprintf("%s?cache=shared", storeSqliteFileName)
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		// Vo avoid `The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process` on Windows
+		storeStr = storeSqliteFileName
+	}
+
+	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(storeStr), &gorm.Config{})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("error initializing db: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+	_, err = gormstore.NewSqlStore(context.TODO(), db, types.SqliteStoreEngine, nil, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("error initializing db: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	sqldb, err := db.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("error initializing db: %s", err.Error())
+
+	}
+	for _, query := range strings.Split(baseData, ";") {
+		if _, err := sqldb.Exec(query); err != nil {
+			log.Fatalf("error initializing db: %s", err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &networkmap_sqlite.SqliteStore{Db: sqldb}, func() {}
+}
diff --git a/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/user_test.go b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/user_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fce1833d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/integration_tests/management/network_map_db/user_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetAllowedUsers(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
+		VALUES('user-1','user-1','account-1','["group-one-resource-id"]',false,false)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
+		VALUES('user-2','user-2','account-1','["group-one-resource-id","group-two-resources-id"]',false,false)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
+		VALUES('user-3','user-3','account-1','["group-two-resources-id"]',false,false)`)
+	// empty auto_groups; shouldn't error out
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
+		VALUES('user-31','user-31','account-1','[]',false,false)`)
+	// null auto_groups; shouldn't error out
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
+		VALUES('user-32','user-32','account-1',null,false,false)`)
+	// shouldn't be included as it's blocked
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
+		VALUES('user-4','user-4','account-1','["group-two-resources-id"]',true,false)`)
+	// shouldn't be included as it's a service_user
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into users (id, name, account_id, auto_groups, blocked, is_service_user)
+		VALUES('user-5','user-5','account-1','["group-two-resources-id"]',false,true)`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into groups (id, name, account_id)
+		VALUES('all-group-1','All','account-1')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into groups (id, name, account_id)
+		VALUES('all-group-2','All','account-1')`)
+	execQuery(t, ctx,
+		`insert into groups (id, name, account_id)
+		VALUES('all-group-3','All','account-1')`)
+
+	userIdx, groupIdToUserIds, err := conn(t, ctx).GetAllowedUsers(ctx, "account-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, userIdx, map[string]struct{}{
+		"user-1":  {},
+		"user-2":  {},
+		"user-3":  {},
+		"user-31": {},
+		"user-32": {},
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, groupIdToUserIds, map[string][]string{
+		"group-one-resource-id":  {"user-1", "user-2"},
+		"group-two-resources-id": {"user-2", "user-3"},
+		"all-group-1":            {"user-1", "user-2", "user-3", "user-31", "user-32"},
+		"all-group-2":            {"user-1", "user-2", "user-3", "user-31", "user-32"},
+		"all-group-3":            {"user-1", "user-2", "user-3", "user-31", "user-32"},
+	})
+}
diff --git a/magefiles/magefile.go b/magefiles/magefile.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34ab3c08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/magefiles/magefile.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//mage:multiline
+
+// Set the general description you want to have displayed with mage -l here.
+package main
+
+// mg contains helpful utility functions, like Deps
+
+// Default target to run when none is specified
+// If not set, running mage will list available targets
+//var Default = Integrationtest.All
diff --git a/magefiles/test.go b/magefiles/test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d08e8e01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/magefiles/test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/magefile/mage/mg"
+	"github.com/magefile/mage/sh"
+)
+
+var defaultcli = []string{"test", "-tags=integration", "-timeout=20m"}
+
+type Integrationtest mg.Namespace
+
+func (i Integrationtest) All(gotestflags *string) error {
+	var errs []error
+	if err := i.Api(gotestflags); err != nil {
+		errs = append(errs, err)
+	}
+	if err := i.NmapDb(gotestflags); err != nil {
+		errs = append(errs, err)
+	}
+	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		return errors.Join(errs...)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (Integrationtest) NmapDb(gotestflags *string) error {
+	cli := defaultcli
+	if gotestflags != nil {
+		cli = append(cli, strings.Split(*gotestflags, " ")...)
+	}
+	cli = append(cli, "./integration_tests/management/network_map_db/...")
+
+	return sh.RunV("go", cli...)
+}
+
+func (Integrationtest) NmapDbPostgres(gotestflags *string) error {
+	cli := defaultcli
+	if gotestflags != nil {
+		cli = append(cli, strings.Split(*gotestflags, " ")...)
+	}
+	cli = append(cli, "./integration_tests/management/network_map_db/...")
+
+	return sh.RunWithV(map[string]string{"NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE": "postgres"}, "go", cli...)
+}
+
+func (Integrationtest) NmapDbSqlite(gotestflags *string) error {
+	cli := defaultcli
+	if gotestflags != nil {
+		cli = append(cli, strings.Split(*gotestflags, " ")...)
+	}
+	cli = append(cli, "./integration_tests/management/network_map_db/...")
+	return sh.RunWithV(map[string]string{"NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE": "sqlite"}, "go", cli...)
+}
+
+func (Integrationtest) RegenerateNmapGoldenData(gotestflags *string) error {
+	cli := defaultcli
+	if gotestflags != nil {
+		cli = append(cli, strings.Split(*gotestflags, " ")...)
+	}
+	cli = append(cli, "./integration_tests/management/network_map_db/...")
+	return sh.RunWithV(map[string]string{"NMAP_UPDATE_GOLDEN_DATA": "true", "NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE": "sqlite"}, "go", cli...)
+}
+
+func (Integrationtest) Api(gotestflags *string) error {
+	cli := defaultcli
+	if gotestflags != nil {
+		cli = append(cli, strings.Split(*gotestflags, " ")...)
+	}
+	cli = append(cli, "./management/server/http/...")
+	return sh.RunV("go", cli...)
+}
diff --git a/management/Dockerfile b/management/Dockerfile
index 3b2df2623..fe414158c 100644
--- a/management/Dockerfile
+++ b/management/Dockerfile
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ FROM ubuntu:24.04
 RUN apt update && apt install -y ca-certificates && rm -fr /var/cache/apt
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/go/bin/netbird-mgmt","management"]
 CMD ["--log-file", "console"]
-COPY netbird-mgmt /go/bin/netbird-mgmt
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+COPY ${TARGETPLATFORM}/netbird-mgmt /go/bin/netbird-mgmt
diff --git a/management/Dockerfile.debug b/management/Dockerfile.debug
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d9730bd7..000000000
--- a/management/Dockerfile.debug
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-FROM ubuntu:24.04
-RUN apt update && apt install -y ca-certificates && rm -fr /var/cache/apt
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/go/bin/netbird-mgmt","management","--log-level","debug"]
-CMD ["--log-file", "console"]
-COPY netbird-mgmt /go/bin/netbird-mgmt
diff --git a/management/Dockerfile.multistage b/management/Dockerfile.multistage
index 619f84615..5d037f1b1 100644
--- a/management/Dockerfile.multistage
+++ b/management/Dockerfile.multistage
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.25-bookworm AS builder
+FROM golang:1.26.7-bookworm AS builder
 WORKDIR /app
 
 # Install build dependencies
diff --git a/management/cmd/admin.go b/management/cmd/admin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5c0f6ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/cmd/admin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
+	admincmd "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/cmd/admin"
+	tokencmd "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/cmd/token"
+	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	activitystore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+)
+
+var adminDatadir string
+
+// newAdminCommands creates the admin command tree with management-specific resource openers.
+func newAdminCommands() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := admincmd.NewCommands(admincmd.Openers{
+		Resources: withAdminResources,
+		Store:     withAdminStoreOnly,
+		IDP:       withAdminIDPOnly,
+	})
+	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&adminDatadir, "datadir", "", "Override the data directory from config (used for store.db and the default idp.db)")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func newLegacyTokenCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	cmd := tokencmd.NewCommands(tokencmd.StoreOpener(withAdminStoreOnly))
+	cmd.Deprecated = "use 'admin token' instead"
+	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&nbconfig.MgmtConfigPath, "config", defaultMgmtConfig, "Netbird config file location")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// withAdminResources initializes logging, loads config, opens the management store
+// and embedded IdP storage, and calls fn.
+func withAdminResources(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, resources admincmd.Resources) error) error {
+	return withAdminConfig(cmd, true, func(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, datadir string) error {
+		managementStore, err := openAdminStore(ctx, config, datadir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer admincmd.CloseStore(ctx, managementStore)
+
+		idpStorage, idpStorageFile, err := admincmd.OpenIDPStorage(config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer admincmd.CloseIDPStorage(idpStorage)
+
+		eventStore, esErr := openAdminEventStore(ctx, config, datadir)
+		if esErr != nil {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(cmd.ErrOrStderr(), "Warning: audit events will not be recorded: %v\n", esErr)
+		}
+		if eventStore != nil {
+			defer func() {
+				if err := eventStore.Close(ctx); err != nil {
+					log.Debugf("close activity event store: %v", err)
+				}
+			}()
+		}
+
+		return fn(ctx, admincmd.Resources{Store: managementStore, IDPStorage: idpStorage, IDPStorageFile: idpStorageFile, EventStore: eventStore})
+	})
+}
+
+// withAdminStoreOnly opens only the management store for admin subcommands that do not
+// need embedded IdP storage.
+func withAdminStoreOnly(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) error) error {
+	return withAdminConfig(cmd, false, func(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, datadir string) error {
+		managementStore, err := openAdminStore(ctx, config, datadir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer admincmd.CloseStore(ctx, managementStore)
+
+		return fn(ctx, managementStore)
+	})
+}
+
+func withAdminIDPOnly(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, storageFile string) error) error {
+	return withAdminConfig(cmd, true, func(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, _ string) error {
+		idpStorage, idpStorageFile, err := admincmd.OpenIDPStorage(config)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		defer admincmd.CloseIDPStorage(idpStorage)
+
+		return fn(ctx, idpStorage, idpStorageFile)
+	})
+}
+
+func withAdminConfig(cmd *cobra.Command, applyIDPDefaults bool, fn func(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, datadir string) error) error {
+	if err := util.InitLog("error", "console"); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("init log: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(cmd.Context(), hook.ExecutionContextKey, hook.SystemSource) //nolint:staticcheck
+
+	config, datadir, err := loadAdminMgmtConfig(ctx, applyIDPDefaults)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return fn(ctx, config, datadir)
+}
+
+func loadAdminMgmtConfig(ctx context.Context, applyIDPDefaults bool) (*nbconfig.Config, string, error) {
+	config := &nbconfig.Config{}
+	if _, err := util.ReadJsonWithEnvSub(nbconfig.MgmtConfigPath, config); err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+
+	if applyIDPDefaults {
+		if err := ApplyEmbeddedIdPConfig(ctx, config); err != nil {
+			return nil, "", err
+		}
+	}
+
+	datadir := config.Datadir
+	applyAdminDatadirOverride(config, &datadir)
+	return config, datadir, nil
+}
+
+func applyAdminDatadirOverride(config *nbconfig.Config, datadir *string) {
+	if adminDatadir == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	oldDatadir := *datadir
+	*datadir = adminDatadir
+	if config.EmbeddedIdP != nil && config.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Type == "sqlite3" && isDefaultIDPStorageFile(config.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File, oldDatadir) {
+		config.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File = filepath.Join(*datadir, "idp.db")
+	}
+}
+
+func isDefaultIDPStorageFile(file, datadir string) bool {
+	if file == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+	defaultFile := filepath.Join(datadir, "idp.db")
+	legacyDefaultFile := path.Join(datadir, "idp.db")
+	legacySlashDefaultFile := path.Join(filepath.ToSlash(datadir), "idp.db")
+	return filepath.Clean(file) == filepath.Clean(defaultFile) ||
+		file == legacyDefaultFile ||
+		filepath.ToSlash(file) == legacySlashDefaultFile
+}
+
+func openAdminStore(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, datadir string) (store.Store, error) {
+	managementStore, err := store.NewStore(ctx, config.StoreConfig.Engine, datadir, nil, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create store: %w", err)
+	}
+	return managementStore, nil
+}
+
+func openAdminEventStore(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, datadir string) (activity.Store, error) {
+	if config.DataStoreEncryptionKey == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("data store encryption key is not configured")
+	}
+	eventStore, err := activitystore.NewSqlStore(ctx, datadir, config.DataStoreEncryptionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open activity event store: %w", err)
+	}
+	if eventStore == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open activity event store: returned nil store")
+	}
+	return eventStore, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/cmd/admin/admin.go b/management/cmd/admin/admin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd56af39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/cmd/admin/admin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+// Package admincmd provides reusable cobra commands for self-hosted administrator helpers.
+// Both the management and combined binaries use these commands, each providing
+// their own opener to handle config loading and storage initialization.
+package admincmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
+	nbdex "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/idp/dex"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/cmd/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/cmd/token"
+	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// Resources contains the storages required by the admin commands.
+type Resources struct {
+	Store          store.Store
+	IDPStorage     storage.Storage
+	IDPStorageFile string
+	EventStore     activity.Store
+}
+
+// Opener initializes command resources from the command context and calls fn.
+type Opener func(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, resources Resources) error) error
+
+// StoreOpener initializes only the management store from the command context and calls fn.
+type StoreOpener func(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) error) error
+
+// IDPOpener initializes only the embedded IdP storage from the command context and calls fn.
+type IDPOpener func(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, storageFile string) error) error
+
+// Openers contains the resource openers needed by the admin command tree.
+type Openers struct {
+	Resources Opener
+	Store     StoreOpener
+	IDP       IDPOpener
+}
+
+type userSelector struct {
+	email  string
+	userID string
+}
+
+func (s userSelector) normalized() userSelector {
+	return userSelector{
+		email:  strings.TrimSpace(s.email),
+		userID: strings.TrimSpace(s.userID),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s userSelector) validate() error {
+	s = s.normalized()
+	if (s.email == "") == (s.userID == "") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("provide exactly one of --email or --user-id")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// NewCommands creates the admin command tree with the given resource openers.
+func NewCommands(openers Openers) *cobra.Command {
+	adminCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "admin",
+		Short: "Self-hosted administrator helpers",
+		Long:  "Administrative helpers for self-hosted deployments using the embedded identity provider.",
+	}
+
+	userCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "user",
+		Short: "Manage local embedded IdP users",
+	}
+
+	var passwordSelector userSelector
+	var password string
+	var passwordFile string
+	passwordCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:     "change-password (--email email | --user-id id) (--password password | --password-file path)",
+		Aliases: []string{"set-password"},
+		Short:   "Change a local user's password",
+		Args:    cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			if err := passwordSelector.validate(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			newPassword, err := resolvePasswordInput(cmd, password, passwordFile)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			return openers.IDP(cmd, func(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, storageFile string) error {
+				return runChangePassword(ctx, idpStorage, cmd.OutOrStdout(), passwordSelector, newPassword, storageFile)
+			})
+		},
+	}
+	addUserSelectorFlags(passwordCmd, &passwordSelector)
+	passwordCmd.Flags().StringVar(&password, "password", "", "New password for the user")
+	passwordCmd.Flags().StringVar(&passwordFile, "password-file", "", "Read new password from file ('-' for stdin)")
+
+	var resetSelector userSelector
+	resetMFACmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "reset-mfa (--email email | --user-id id)",
+		Short: "Reset a local user's MFA enrollment",
+		Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			if err := resetSelector.validate(); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			return openers.IDP(cmd, func(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, storageFile string) error {
+				return runResetMFA(ctx, idpStorage, cmd.OutOrStdout(), resetSelector, storageFile)
+			})
+		},
+	}
+	addUserSelectorFlags(resetMFACmd, &resetSelector)
+
+	userCmd.AddCommand(passwordCmd, resetMFACmd)
+
+	mfaCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "mfa",
+		Short: "Manage local MFA for embedded IdP users",
+	}
+
+	enableCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "enable",
+		Short: "Enable MFA for local embedded IdP users",
+		Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			return openers.Resources(cmd, func(ctx context.Context, resources Resources) error {
+				return runSetMFAEnabled(ctx, resources, cmd.OutOrStdout(), true)
+			})
+		},
+	}
+
+	disableCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "disable",
+		Short: "Disable MFA for local embedded IdP users",
+		Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			return openers.Resources(cmd, func(ctx context.Context, resources Resources) error {
+				return runSetMFAEnabled(ctx, resources, cmd.OutOrStdout(), false)
+			})
+		},
+	}
+
+	statusCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "status",
+		Short: "Show local MFA status",
+		Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			return openers.Resources(cmd, func(ctx context.Context, resources Resources) error {
+				return runMFAStatus(ctx, resources, cmd.OutOrStdout())
+			})
+		},
+	}
+
+	mfaCmd.AddCommand(enableCmd, disableCmd, statusCmd)
+	adminCmd.AddCommand(userCmd, mfaCmd)
+	if openers.Store != nil {
+		adminCmd.AddCommand(tokencmd.NewCommands(tokencmd.StoreOpener(openers.Store)))
+		adminCmd.AddCommand(proxycmd.NewCommands(proxycmd.StoreOpener(openers.Store)))
+	}
+	return adminCmd
+}
+
+// OpenEmbeddedIDPStorage opens the Dex storage configured for the embedded IdP.
+func OpenEmbeddedIDPStorage(cfg *idp.EmbeddedIdPConfig) (storage.Storage, error) {
+	if cfg == nil || !cfg.Enabled {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("admin commands require the embedded IdP to be enabled")
+	}
+
+	yamlConfig, err := cfg.ToYAMLConfig()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build embedded IdP config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	logger := slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil))
+	st, err := yamlConfig.Storage.OpenStorage(logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open embedded IdP storage: %w", err)
+	}
+	return st, nil
+}
+
+// CloseStore closes the management store and logs cleanup errors at debug level.
+func CloseStore(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.Close(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("close store: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// OpenIDPStorage opens embedded IdP storage and returns its sqlite file path when applicable.
+func OpenIDPStorage(config *nbconfig.Config) (storage.Storage, string, error) {
+	if config == nil {
+		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("management config is required")
+	}
+	idpStorage, err := OpenEmbeddedIDPStorage(config.EmbeddedIdP)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", err
+	}
+	return idpStorage, embeddedIDPStorageFile(config), nil
+}
+
+func embeddedIDPStorageFile(config *nbconfig.Config) string {
+	if config.EmbeddedIdP == nil || config.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Type != "sqlite3" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return config.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File
+}
+
+// CloseIDPStorage closes embedded IdP storage and logs cleanup errors at debug level.
+func CloseIDPStorage(s storage.Storage) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.Close(); err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("close embedded IdP storage: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func addUserSelectorFlags(cmd *cobra.Command, selector *userSelector) {
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&selector.email, "email", "", "User email")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&selector.userID, "user-id", "", "User ID")
+}
+
+func resolvePasswordInput(cmd *cobra.Command, password, passwordFile string) (string, error) {
+	if password != "" && passwordFile != "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("provide only one of --password or --password-file")
+	}
+	if passwordFile == "" {
+		return password, nil
+	}
+
+	var data []byte
+	var err error
+	if passwordFile == "-" {
+		data, err = io.ReadAll(cmd.InOrStdin())
+	} else {
+		data, err = os.ReadFile(passwordFile)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("read password: %w", err)
+	}
+	return strings.TrimRight(string(data), "\r\n"), nil
+}
+
+func runChangePassword(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, w io.Writer, selector userSelector, password string, idpStorageFile string) error {
+	if idpStorage == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP storage is required")
+	}
+	selector = selector.normalized()
+	if err := selector.validate(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if password == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("password is required")
+	}
+	if err := server.ValidatePassword(password); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid password: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	user, err := findLocalUser(ctx, idpStorage, selector, idpStorageFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(password), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("hash password: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := idpStorage.UpdatePassword(ctx, user.Email, func(old storage.Password) (storage.Password, error) {
+		old.Hash = hash
+		return old, nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("update password for %s: %w", user.Email, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := deleteLocalAuthSession(ctx, idpStorage, user.UserID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "Password updated for %s.\n", user.Email)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func runResetMFA(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, w io.Writer, selector userSelector, idpStorageFile string) error {
+	if idpStorage == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP storage is required")
+	}
+	selector = selector.normalized()
+	if err := selector.validate(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	user, err := findLocalUser(ctx, idpStorage, selector, idpStorageFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	reset := false
+	err = idpStorage.UpdateUserIdentity(ctx, user.UserID, idp.LocalConnectorID, func(old storage.UserIdentity) (storage.UserIdentity, error) {
+		reset = reset || len(old.MFASecrets) > 0 || len(old.WebAuthnCredentials) > 0
+		old.MFASecrets = map[string]*storage.MFASecret{}
+		old.WebAuthnCredentials = map[string][]storage.WebAuthnCredential{}
+		return old, nil
+	})
+	if errors.Is(err, storage.ErrNotFound) {
+		if err := deleteLocalAuthSession(ctx, idpStorage, user.UserID); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "No MFA enrollment found for %s.\n", user.Email)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("reset MFA for %s: %w", user.Email, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := deleteLocalAuthSession(ctx, idpStorage, user.UserID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if reset {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "MFA reset for %s. The user will re-enroll at next login.\n", user.Email)
+	} else {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "No MFA enrollment found for %s.\n", user.Email)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func runSetMFAEnabled(ctx context.Context, resources Resources, w io.Writer, enabled bool) error {
+	if resources.Store == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("management store is required")
+	}
+	if resources.IDPStorage == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP storage is required")
+	}
+
+	accountID, settings, err := getSingleAccountSettings(ctx, resources.Store)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	oldEnabled := settings.LocalMfaEnabled
+	newSettings := settings.Copy()
+	newSettings.LocalMfaEnabled = enabled
+
+	if err := setIDPClientsMFA(ctx, resources.IDPStorage, enabled); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := resources.Store.SaveAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, newSettings); err != nil {
+		if rollbackErr := setIDPClientsMFA(ctx, resources.IDPStorage, oldEnabled); rollbackErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("save local MFA account setting: %w (also failed to roll back embedded IdP MFA state: %v)", err, rollbackErr)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("save local MFA account setting: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := storeMFAActivity(ctx, resources.EventStore, accountID, enabled); err != nil {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "Warning: failed to record audit event: %v\n", err)
+	}
+
+	state := "disabled"
+	if enabled {
+		state = "enabled"
+	}
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "Local MFA %s.\n", state)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func runMFAStatus(ctx context.Context, resources Resources, w io.Writer) error {
+	if resources.Store == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("management store is required")
+	}
+	if resources.IDPStorage == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP storage is required")
+	}
+
+	_, settings, err := getSingleAccountSettings(ctx, resources.Store)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	accountStatus := "disabled"
+	if settings.LocalMfaEnabled {
+		accountStatus = "enabled"
+	}
+
+	clientStatus, err := idpClientsMFAStatus(ctx, resources.IDPStorage)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "Account setting: %s\n", accountStatus)
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "Embedded IdP clients: %s\n", clientStatus)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getSingleAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) (string, *types.Settings, error) {
+	count, err := s.GetAccountsCounter(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("count accounts: %w", err)
+	}
+	if count != 1 {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("expected exactly one account, got %d; local MFA is supported only in single-account embedded IdP deployments", count)
+	}
+
+	accountID, err := s.GetAnyAccountID(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("get account ID: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	settings, err := s.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("get account settings: %w", err)
+	}
+	if settings == nil {
+		settings = &types.Settings{}
+	}
+	return accountID, settings, nil
+}
+
+func storeMFAActivity(ctx context.Context, eventStore activity.Store, accountID string, enabled bool) error {
+	if eventStore == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	event := activity.AccountLocalMfaDisabled
+	if enabled {
+		event = activity.AccountLocalMfaEnabled
+	}
+	_, err := eventStore.Save(ctx, &activity.Event{
+		Timestamp:   time.Now().UTC(),
+		Activity:    event,
+		InitiatorID: string(hook.SystemSource),
+		TargetID:    accountID,
+		AccountID:   accountID,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("save local MFA audit event: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func findLocalUser(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, selector userSelector, idpStorageFile string) (storage.Password, error) {
+	selector = selector.normalized()
+	if err := selector.validate(); err != nil {
+		return storage.Password{}, err
+	}
+
+	if selector.email != "" {
+		user, err := idpStorage.GetPassword(ctx, selector.email)
+		if errors.Is(err, storage.ErrNotFound) {
+			if empty, listErr := localUsersEmpty(ctx, idpStorage); listErr != nil {
+				return storage.Password{}, listErr
+			} else if empty {
+				return storage.Password{}, noLocalUsersError(idpStorageFile)
+			}
+			return storage.Password{}, fmt.Errorf("local user with email %q not found", selector.email)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return storage.Password{}, fmt.Errorf("get local user by email %q: %w", selector.email, err)
+		}
+		return user, nil
+	}
+
+	rawUserID := selector.userID
+	if decodedUserID, _, err := nbdex.DecodeDexUserID(selector.userID); err == nil && decodedUserID != "" {
+		rawUserID = decodedUserID
+	}
+
+	users, err := idpStorage.ListPasswords(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return storage.Password{}, fmt.Errorf("list local users: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, user := range users {
+		if user.UserID == rawUserID || user.UserID == selector.userID {
+			return user, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(users) == 0 {
+		return storage.Password{}, noLocalUsersError(idpStorageFile)
+	}
+
+	return storage.Password{}, fmt.Errorf("local user with ID %q not found", selector.userID)
+}
+
+func localUsersEmpty(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage) (bool, error) {
+	users, err := idpStorage.ListPasswords(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("list local users: %w", err)
+	}
+	return len(users) == 0, nil
+}
+
+func noLocalUsersError(idpStorageFile string) error {
+	location := ""
+	if idpStorageFile != "" {
+		location = fmt.Sprintf(" (%s)", idpStorageFile)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("no local users exist in the embedded IdP storage%s; the management server may never have started with this config, or --datadir points at the wrong location", location)
+}
+
+func deleteLocalAuthSession(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, userID string) error {
+	err := idpStorage.DeleteAuthSession(ctx, userID, idp.LocalConnectorID)
+	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, storage.ErrNotFound) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("delete local auth session for user %s: %w", userID, err)
+}
+
+func setIDPClientsMFA(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, enabled bool) error {
+	var mfaChain []string
+	if enabled {
+		mfaChain = []string{idp.DefaultTOTPAuthenticatorID}
+	}
+
+	clientIDs := []string{idp.StaticClientCLI, idp.StaticClientDashboard}
+	if err := nbdex.SetClientsMFAChain(ctx, idpStorage, clientIDs, mfaChain); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, storage.ErrNotFound) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP client not found; start the management server once before toggling MFA: %w", err)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("update MFA chain on embedded IdP clients: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func idpClientsMFAStatus(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage) (string, error) {
+	clientIDs := []string{idp.StaticClientCLI, idp.StaticClientDashboard}
+	enabledCount := 0
+	for _, clientID := range clientIDs {
+		client, err := idpStorage.GetClient(ctx, clientID)
+		if errors.Is(err, storage.ErrNotFound) {
+			return "unknown", fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP client %q not found", clientID)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return "unknown", fmt.Errorf("get embedded IdP client %q: %w", clientID, err)
+		}
+		if hasAuthenticator(client.MFAChain, idp.DefaultTOTPAuthenticatorID) {
+			enabledCount++
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch enabledCount {
+	case 0:
+		return "disabled", nil
+	case len(clientIDs):
+		return "enabled", nil
+	default:
+		return "partially enabled", nil
+	}
+}
+
+func hasAuthenticator(chain []string, authenticatorID string) bool {
+	for _, id := range chain {
+		if id == authenticatorID {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/management/cmd/admin/admin_test.go b/management/cmd/admin/admin_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd1b8ed06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/cmd/admin/admin_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+package admincmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage/memory"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+
+	nbdex "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/idp/dex"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+	mgmtstore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+func newTestIDPStorage(t *testing.T) storage.Storage {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	st := memory.New(slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)))
+	hash, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte("OldPass1!"), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, st.CreatePassword(context.Background(), storage.Password{
+		Email:    "user@example.com",
+		Username: "User",
+		UserID:   "user-1",
+		Hash:     hash,
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, st.CreateUserIdentity(context.Background(), storage.UserIdentity{
+		UserID:      "user-1",
+		ConnectorID: idp.LocalConnectorID,
+		MFASecrets: map[string]*storage.MFASecret{
+			idp.DefaultTOTPAuthenticatorID: {
+				AuthenticatorID: idp.DefaultTOTPAuthenticatorID,
+				Type:            "TOTP",
+				Secret:          "otpauth://totp/NetBird:user@example.com?secret=ABC",
+				Confirmed:       true,
+				CreatedAt:       time.Now(),
+			},
+		},
+		WebAuthnCredentials: map[string][]storage.WebAuthnCredential{
+			"webauthn": {{CredentialID: []byte("credential")}},
+		},
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, st.CreateAuthSession(context.Background(), storage.AuthSession{
+		UserID:      "user-1",
+		ConnectorID: idp.LocalConnectorID,
+		Nonce:       "nonce",
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, st.CreateClient(context.Background(), storage.Client{ID: idp.StaticClientCLI, Name: "CLI"}))
+	require.NoError(t, st.CreateClient(context.Background(), storage.Client{ID: idp.StaticClientDashboard, Name: "Dashboard"}))
+
+	return st
+}
+
+func TestRunChangePassword(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	st := newTestIDPStorage(t)
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+
+	err := runChangePassword(ctx, st, &out, userSelector{email: "user@example.com"}, "NewPass1!", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, out.String(), "Password updated")
+
+	user, err := st.GetPassword(ctx, "user@example.com")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword(user.Hash, []byte("NewPass1!")))
+
+	_, err = st.GetAuthSession(ctx, "user-1", idp.LocalConnectorID)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, storage.ErrNotFound)
+}
+
+func TestRunChangePasswordValidatesPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	st := newTestIDPStorage(t)
+	err := runChangePassword(context.Background(), st, io.Discard, userSelector{email: "user@example.com"}, "short", "")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid password")
+}
+
+func TestRunResetMFA(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	st := newTestIDPStorage(t)
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+
+	encodedUserID := nbdex.EncodeDexUserID("user-1", idp.LocalConnectorID)
+	err := runResetMFA(ctx, st, &out, userSelector{userID: encodedUserID}, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, out.String(), "MFA reset")
+
+	identity, err := st.GetUserIdentity(ctx, "user-1", idp.LocalConnectorID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, identity.MFASecrets)
+	require.Empty(t, identity.WebAuthnCredentials)
+
+	_, err = st.GetAuthSession(ctx, "user-1", idp.LocalConnectorID)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, storage.ErrNotFound)
+}
+
+func TestRunResetMFAWithoutEnrollment(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	st := newTestIDPStorage(t)
+	require.NoError(t, st.UpdateUserIdentity(ctx, "user-1", idp.LocalConnectorID, func(old storage.UserIdentity) (storage.UserIdentity, error) {
+		old.MFASecrets = nil
+		old.WebAuthnCredentials = nil
+		return old, nil
+	}))
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	err := runResetMFA(ctx, st, &out, userSelector{email: "user@example.com"}, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, out.String(), "No MFA enrollment found")
+}
+
+func TestSetIDPClientsMFA(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	st := newTestIDPStorage(t)
+
+	require.NoError(t, setIDPClientsMFA(ctx, st, true))
+	status, err := idpClientsMFAStatus(ctx, st)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "enabled", status)
+
+	require.NoError(t, setIDPClientsMFA(ctx, st, false))
+	status, err = idpClientsMFAStatus(ctx, st)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "disabled", status)
+}
+
+func newTestManagementStore(t *testing.T, localMFAEnabled bool) mgmtstore.Store {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	st, err := mgmtstore.NewStore(ctx, types.SqliteStoreEngine, t.TempDir(), nil, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { require.NoError(t, st.Close(ctx)) })
+	require.NoError(t, st.SaveAccount(ctx, &types.Account{
+		Id:       "account-1",
+		Settings: &types.Settings{LocalMfaEnabled: localMFAEnabled},
+	}))
+	return st
+}
+
+func TestRunSetMFAEnabledDoesNotSaveWhenIDPUpdateFails(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	managementStore := newTestManagementStore(t, false)
+	idpStorage := memory.New(slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)))
+
+	err := runSetMFAEnabled(ctx, Resources{Store: managementStore, IDPStorage: idpStorage}, io.Discard, true)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "embedded IdP client")
+
+	settings, err := managementStore.GetAccountSettings(ctx, mgmtstore.LockingStrengthNone, "account-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, settings.LocalMfaEnabled)
+}
+
+func TestRunSetMFAEnabledUpdatesSettingsAfterIDP(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	managementStore := newTestManagementStore(t, false)
+	idpStorage := newTestIDPStorage(t)
+
+	err := runSetMFAEnabled(ctx, Resources{Store: managementStore, IDPStorage: idpStorage}, io.Discard, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	settings, err := managementStore.GetAccountSettings(ctx, mgmtstore.LockingStrengthNone, "account-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, settings.LocalMfaEnabled)
+	clientStatus, err := idpClientsMFAStatus(ctx, idpStorage)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "enabled", clientStatus)
+}
+
+func TestRunSetMFAEnabledSucceedsWithNilEventStore(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	managementStore := newTestManagementStore(t, false)
+	idpStorage := newTestIDPStorage(t)
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	var err error
+
+	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		err = runSetMFAEnabled(ctx, Resources{Store: managementStore, IDPStorage: idpStorage, EventStore: nil}, &out, true)
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, out.String(), "Local MFA enabled")
+
+	settings, err := managementStore.GetAccountSettings(ctx, mgmtstore.LockingStrengthNone, "account-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, settings.LocalMfaEnabled)
+}
+
+func TestUserSelectorValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, userSelector{email: " user@example.com "}.validate())
+	require.NoError(t, userSelector{userID: "user-1"}.validate())
+	require.Error(t, userSelector{}.validate())
+	require.Error(t, userSelector{email: "user@example.com", userID: "user-1"}.validate())
+}
+
+func TestFindLocalUserNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	st := newTestIDPStorage(t)
+	_, err := findLocalUser(context.Background(), st, userSelector{email: "missing@example.com"}, "")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.True(t, strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found"))
+}
+
+func TestFindLocalUserZeroUsersIncludesStoragePath(t *testing.T) {
+	st := memory.New(slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)))
+	_, err := findLocalUser(context.Background(), st, userSelector{email: "missing@example.com"}, "/var/lib/netbird/idp.db")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "no local users exist")
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "/var/lib/netbird/idp.db")
+}
+
+func TestUserCommandValidatesSelectorBeforeOpeningStorage(t *testing.T) {
+	opened := false
+	cmd := NewCommands(Openers{
+		IDP: func(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, idpStorage storage.Storage, storageFile string) error) error {
+			opened = true
+			return nil
+		},
+	})
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"user", "change-password", "--password", "NewPass1!"})
+	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "provide exactly one")
+	require.False(t, opened)
+}
+
+func TestResolvePasswordInputFromStdin(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{}
+	cmd.SetIn(strings.NewReader("NewPass1!\n"))
+
+	password, err := resolvePasswordInput(cmd, "", "-")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "NewPass1!", password)
+}
+
+func TestResolvePasswordInputRejectsMultipleSources(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := resolvePasswordInput(&cobra.Command{}, "NewPass1!", "-")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
diff --git a/management/cmd/admin_config_test.go b/management/cmd/admin_config_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6da8580a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/cmd/admin_config_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+)
+
+func TestApplyAdminDatadirOverrideRelocatesDefaultIDPStorage(t *testing.T) {
+	oldDatadir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "old")
+	newDatadir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "new")
+
+	for _, defaultFile := range []string{
+		"",
+		filepath.Join(oldDatadir, "idp.db"),
+		path.Join(oldDatadir, "idp.db"),
+	} {
+		t.Run(defaultFile, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := &nbconfig.Config{
+				EmbeddedIdP: &idp.EmbeddedIdPConfig{
+					Enabled: true,
+					Storage: idp.EmbeddedStorageConfig{
+						Type: "sqlite3",
+						Config: idp.EmbeddedStorageTypeConfig{
+							File: defaultFile,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			}
+			datadir := oldDatadir
+			oldAdminDatadir := adminDatadir
+			adminDatadir = newDatadir
+			t.Cleanup(func() { adminDatadir = oldAdminDatadir })
+
+			applyAdminDatadirOverride(cfg, &datadir)
+
+			require.Equal(t, newDatadir, datadir)
+			require.Equal(t, filepath.Join(newDatadir, "idp.db"), cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenAdminEventStoreMissingEncryptionKeyReturnsNilInterface(t *testing.T) {
+	eventStore, err := openAdminEventStore(context.Background(), &nbconfig.Config{}, t.TempDir())
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "encryption key")
+	require.Nil(t, eventStore)
+}
+
+func TestApplyAdminDatadirOverrideKeepsExplicitIDPStorage(t *testing.T) {
+	oldDatadir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "old")
+	newDatadir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "new")
+	explicitFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "custom-idp.db")
+	cfg := &nbconfig.Config{
+		EmbeddedIdP: &idp.EmbeddedIdPConfig{
+			Enabled: true,
+			Storage: idp.EmbeddedStorageConfig{
+				Type: "sqlite3",
+				Config: idp.EmbeddedStorageTypeConfig{
+					File: explicitFile,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	datadir := oldDatadir
+	oldAdminDatadir := adminDatadir
+	adminDatadir = newDatadir
+	t.Cleanup(func() { adminDatadir = oldAdminDatadir })
+
+	applyAdminDatadirOverride(cfg, &datadir)
+
+	require.Equal(t, newDatadir, datadir)
+	require.Equal(t, explicitFile, cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File)
+}
diff --git a/management/cmd/management.go b/management/cmd/management.go
index 27d8055e7..fc6bd0a46 100644
--- a/management/cmd/management.go
+++ b/management/cmd/management.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
 	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
@@ -22,9 +23,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
+	agentnetworkpricing "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server"
 	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
 	nbdomain "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/crypt"
 )
@@ -110,6 +113,29 @@ var (
 				mgmtSingleAccModeDomain = ""
 			}
 
+			// Load the management-side LLM pricing defaults file: an
+			// explicitly configured path is required to load (a typo must
+			// fail startup — the operator believes those rates are live);
+			// otherwise <datadir>/defaults_llm_pricing.yaml is probed and
+			// may be absent (compiled-in defaults serve). A relative path
+			// is resolved against the datadir so a bare filename lands
+			// alongside the store. Either way the path stays watched: the
+			// reloader picks up edits — and the file appearing later —
+			// without a restart.
+			pricingPath := config.AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile
+			pricingRequired := pricingPath != ""
+			if !pricingRequired {
+				pricingPath = agentnetworkpricing.DefaultFileName
+			}
+			if !filepath.IsAbs(pricingPath) {
+				pricingPath = filepath.Join(config.Datadir, pricingPath)
+			}
+			log.Infof("loading agent-network pricing defaults from %s (required: %v)", pricingPath, pricingRequired)
+			if err := agentnetworkpricing.LoadFile(pricingPath, pricingRequired); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("load agent-network pricing defaults: %v", err)
+			}
+			agentnetworkpricing.StartReloader(ctx, agentnetworkpricing.ReloadInterval)
+
 			srv := newServer(&server.Config{
 				NbConfig:                    config,
 				DNSDomain:                   dnsDomain,
@@ -153,8 +179,20 @@ func LoadMgmtConfig(ctx context.Context, mgmtConfigPath string) (*nbconfig.Confi
 
 	ApplyCommandLineOverrides(loadedConfig)
 
+	err := grpc.ValidateSyncMessageVersion(loadedConfig.HighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for account, version := range loadedConfig.PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion {
+		err := grpc.ValidateSyncMessageVersion(&version)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unrecognized sync message version for account %s, %w", account, err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Apply EmbeddedIdP config to HttpConfig if embedded IdP is enabled
-	err := ApplyEmbeddedIdPConfig(ctx, loadedConfig)
+	err = ApplyEmbeddedIdPConfig(ctx, loadedConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -198,6 +236,9 @@ func ApplyEmbeddedIdPConfig(ctx context.Context, cfg *nbconfig.Config) error {
 		// Embedded IdP requires single account mode - multiple account mode is not supported
 		return fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP requires single account mode; multiple account mode is not supported with embedded IdP. Please remove --disable-single-account-mode flag")
 	}
+	if mgmtSingleAccModeDomain == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("embedded IdP requires single account mode; --single-account-mode-domain must not be empty")
+	}
 	// Enable user deletion from IDP by default if EmbeddedIdP is enabled
 	userDeleteFromIDPEnabled = true
 
@@ -209,7 +250,7 @@ func ApplyEmbeddedIdPConfig(ctx context.Context, cfg *nbconfig.Config) error {
 		cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Type = "sqlite3"
 	}
 	if cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File == "" && cfg.Datadir != "" {
-		cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File = path.Join(cfg.Datadir, "idp.db")
+		cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Storage.Config.File = filepath.Join(cfg.Datadir, "idp.db")
 	}
 
 	issuer := cfg.EmbeddedIdP.Issuer
diff --git a/management/cmd/management_test.go b/management/cmd/management_test.go
index f0c89dd3f..e34e1975e 100644
--- a/management/cmd/management_test.go
+++ b/management/cmd/management_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -20,34 +27,65 @@ const (
 		"AuthAudience": "https://stageapp/",
 		"AuthIssuer": "https://something.eu.auth0.com/",
 		"OIDCConfigEndpoint": "https://something.eu.auth0.com/.well-known/openid-configuration"
+	  },
+	  "HighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion": 1,
+	  "PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion": {
+	    "1": 0,
+		"2": 1
 	  }
 	}`
 )
 
-func Test_loadMgmtConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	tmpFile, err := createConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to create config: %s", err)
-	}
+func Test_LoadMgmtConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpFile, err := createConfig(exampleConfig)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	cfg, err := LoadMgmtConfig(context.Background(), tmpFile)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to load management config: %s", err)
-	}
-	if cfg.Relay == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("config is nil")
-	}
-	if len(cfg.Relay.Addresses) == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("relay address is empty")
-	}
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, cfg.Relay)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, cfg.Relay.Addresses)
+	assert.Equal(t, int(grpc.ComponentNetworkMap), *cfg.HighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]int{"1": int(grpc.Base), "2": int(grpc.ComponentNetworkMap)}, cfg.PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion)
 }
 
-func createConfig() (string, error) {
+func Test_LoadMgmtConfig_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpFile, err := createConfig(`{
+		"HttpConfig": {
+			"AuthAudience": "https://stageapp/",
+			"AuthIssuer": "https://something.eu.auth0.com/",
+			"OIDCConfigEndpoint": "https://something.eu.auth0.com/.well-known/openid-configuration"
+		}
+	}`)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cfg, err := LoadMgmtConfig(context.Background(), tmpFile)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, cfg.HighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion)
+	assert.Nil(t, cfg.PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion)
+}
+
+func TestApplyEmbeddedIdPConfigRequiresSingleAccountDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	previousDomain := mgmtSingleAccModeDomain
+	previousDisabled := disableSingleAccMode
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mgmtSingleAccModeDomain = previousDomain
+		disableSingleAccMode = previousDisabled
+	})
+
+	mgmtSingleAccModeDomain = ""
+	disableSingleAccMode = false
+	cfg := &nbconfig.Config{
+		EmbeddedIdP: &idp.EmbeddedIdPConfig{Enabled: true},
+	}
+	require.ErrorContains(t, ApplyEmbeddedIdPConfig(context.Background(), cfg), "embedded IdP requires single account mode")
+}
+
+func createConfig(config string) (string, error) {
 	tmpfile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "config.json")
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	_, err = tmpfile.Write([]byte(exampleConfig))
+	_, err = tmpfile.Write([]byte(config))
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
diff --git a/management/cmd/proxy/proxy.go b/management/cmd/proxy/proxy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73f83b3d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/cmd/proxy/proxy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// Package proxycmd provides reusable cobra commands for managing reverse proxy instances.
+// Both the management and combined binaries use these commands, each providing
+// their own StoreOpener to handle config loading and store initialization.
+package proxycmd
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"text/tabwriter"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+
+	rpproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// StoreOpener initializes a store from the command context and calls fn.
+type StoreOpener func(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) error) error
+
+const disconnectAllConfirmation = "disconnect all proxies"
+
+// NewCommands creates the proxy command tree with the given store opener.
+// Returns the parent "proxy" command with the disconnect-all subcommand.
+func NewCommands(opener StoreOpener) *cobra.Command {
+	var dryRun bool
+	var force bool
+
+	proxyCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "proxy",
+		Short: "Manage reverse proxy instances",
+		Long:  "Commands for inspecting and repairing the reverse proxy instances registered with the management server.",
+	}
+
+	disconnectAllCmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "disconnect-all",
+		Short: "Force-mark all reverse proxy instances as disconnected",
+		Long: "Lists all reverse proxy instances and force-marks them as disconnected, regardless of their session state. " +
+			"Use this to repair stale connection state, e.g. after an unclean management server shutdown. " +
+			"By default, it asks for manual confirmation before changing state. Use --dry-run to preview without changing state, or --force to skip confirmation. " +
+			"Run during a maintenance window; affected live proxies may stay hidden until their next heartbeat or reconnect/re-register.",
+		Args: cobra.NoArgs,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+			return opener(cmd, func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) error {
+				return runDisconnectAll(ctx, s, cmd.OutOrStdout(), cmd.InOrStdin(), dryRun, force)
+			})
+		},
+	}
+	disconnectAllCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&dryRun, "dry-run", false, "List reverse proxy instances that would be disconnected without changing state")
+	disconnectAllCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&force, "force", false, "Skip the confirmation prompt and apply the repair")
+
+	proxyCmd.AddCommand(disconnectAllCmd)
+	return proxyCmd
+}
+
+func runDisconnectAll(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, out io.Writer, in io.Reader, dryRun, force bool) error {
+	proxies, err := s.GetAllProxies(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list proxies: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(proxies) == 0 {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(out, "No reverse proxy instances found.")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	toDisconnect := 0
+	w := tabwriter.NewWriter(out, 0, 0, 2, ' ', 0)
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(w, "ID\tCLUSTER\tIP\tACCOUNT\tSTATUS\tLAST SEEN")
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(w, "--\t-------\t--\t-------\t------\t---------")
+
+	for _, p := range proxies {
+		if p.Status != rpproxy.StatusDisconnected {
+			toDisconnect++
+		}
+
+		account := "-"
+		if p.AccountID != nil {
+			account = *p.AccountID
+		}
+
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+			p.ID,
+			p.ClusterAddress,
+			p.IPAddress,
+			account,
+			p.Status,
+			p.LastSeen.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
+		)
+	}
+	if err := w.Flush(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("write proxy list: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if dryRun {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nDry run: would force-mark %d of %d reverse proxy instance(s) as disconnected.\n", toDisconnect, len(proxies))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if !force {
+		confirmed, err := confirmDisconnectAll(out, in)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !confirmed {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(out, "Aborted. No reverse proxy instances were changed.")
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	disconnected, err := s.DisconnectAllProxies(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("disconnect proxies: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(out, "\nForce-marked %d of %d reverse proxy instance(s) as disconnected.\n", disconnected, len(proxies))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func confirmDisconnectAll(out io.Writer, in io.Reader) (bool, error) {
+	if in == nil {
+		in = strings.NewReader("")
+	}
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(out, "\nWARNING: This command changes stored reverse proxy state for every non-disconnected instance.")
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(out, "Run it during a maintenance window; affected live proxies may stay hidden until "+
+		"their next heartbeat or reconnect/re-register.")
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(out, "Type %q to continue: ", disconnectAllConfirmation)
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(in)
+	if !scanner.Scan() {
+		if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("read confirmation: %w", err)
+		}
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text()), disconnectAllConfirmation), nil
+}
diff --git a/management/cmd/proxy/proxy_test.go b/management/cmd/proxy/proxy_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff0dc8119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/cmd/proxy/proxy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+package proxycmd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+func newTestStore(t *testing.T) store.Store {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+
+	return s
+}
+
+func seedProxies(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, s store.Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	accountID := "account-1"
+	alreadyDisconnectedAt := time.Now().Add(-time.Hour)
+	seed := []*rpproxy.Proxy{
+		{
+			ID:             "proxy-1",
+			SessionID:      "session-1",
+			ClusterAddress: "cluster-a.example.com",
+			IPAddress:      "10.0.0.1",
+			LastSeen:       time.Now(),
+			Status:         rpproxy.StatusConnected,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:             "proxy-2",
+			SessionID:      "session-2",
+			ClusterAddress: "cluster-b.example.com",
+			IPAddress:      "10.0.0.2",
+			AccountID:      &accountID,
+			LastSeen:       time.Now(),
+			Status:         rpproxy.StatusConnected,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:             "proxy-3",
+			SessionID:      "session-3",
+			ClusterAddress: "cluster-a.example.com",
+			IPAddress:      "10.0.0.3",
+			LastSeen:       time.Now().Add(-time.Hour),
+			Status:         rpproxy.StatusDisconnected,
+			DisconnectedAt: &alreadyDisconnectedAt,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, p := range seed {
+		require.NoError(t, s.SaveProxy(ctx, p))
+	}
+}
+
+func proxiesByID(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, s store.Store) map[string]*rpproxy.Proxy {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	proxies, err := s.GetAllProxies(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, proxies, 3)
+
+	byID := make(map[string]*rpproxy.Proxy, len(proxies))
+	for _, p := range proxies {
+		byID[p.ID] = p
+	}
+	return byID
+}
+
+func TestRunDisconnectAllWithConfirmation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newTestStore(t)
+	seedProxies(t, ctx, s)
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	require.NoError(t, runDisconnectAll(ctx, s, &out, strings.NewReader(disconnectAllConfirmation+"\n"), false, false))
+
+	output := out.String()
+	require.Contains(t, output, "proxy-1")
+	require.Contains(t, output, "proxy-2")
+	require.Contains(t, output, "proxy-3")
+	require.Contains(t, output, "cluster-a.example.com")
+	require.Contains(t, output, "account-1")
+	require.Contains(t, output, "Type \"disconnect all proxies\" to continue")
+	require.Contains(t, output, "Force-marked 2 of 3 reverse proxy instance(s) as disconnected.")
+
+	for _, p := range proxiesByID(t, ctx, s) {
+		require.Equal(t, rpproxy.StatusDisconnected, p.Status, "proxy %s should be disconnected", p.ID)
+		require.NotNil(t, p.DisconnectedAt, "proxy %s should have a disconnected timestamp", p.ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDisconnectAllForceSkipsConfirmation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newTestStore(t)
+	seedProxies(t, ctx, s)
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	require.NoError(t, runDisconnectAll(ctx, s, &out, strings.NewReader(""), false, true))
+
+	output := out.String()
+	require.NotContains(t, output, "Type \"disconnect all proxies\" to continue")
+	require.Contains(t, output, "Force-marked 2 of 3 reverse proxy instance(s) as disconnected.")
+}
+
+func TestRunDisconnectAllAbortLeavesProxiesUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newTestStore(t)
+	seedProxies(t, ctx, s)
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	require.NoError(t, runDisconnectAll(ctx, s, &out, strings.NewReader("no\n"), false, false))
+
+	output := out.String()
+	require.Contains(t, output, "Type \"disconnect all proxies\" to continue")
+	require.Contains(t, output, "Aborted. No reverse proxy instances were changed.")
+
+	byID := proxiesByID(t, ctx, s)
+	require.Equal(t, rpproxy.StatusConnected, byID["proxy-1"].Status)
+	require.Equal(t, rpproxy.StatusConnected, byID["proxy-2"].Status)
+	require.Equal(t, rpproxy.StatusDisconnected, byID["proxy-3"].Status)
+}
+
+func TestRunDisconnectAllDryRunLeavesProxiesUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newTestStore(t)
+	seedProxies(t, ctx, s)
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	require.NoError(t, runDisconnectAll(ctx, s, &out, strings.NewReader(""), true, false))
+
+	output := out.String()
+	require.Contains(t, output, "Dry run: would force-mark 2 of 3 reverse proxy instance(s) as disconnected.")
+	require.NotContains(t, output, "Type \"disconnect all proxies\" to continue")
+
+	byID := proxiesByID(t, ctx, s)
+	require.Equal(t, rpproxy.StatusConnected, byID["proxy-1"].Status)
+	require.Equal(t, rpproxy.StatusConnected, byID["proxy-2"].Status)
+	require.Equal(t, rpproxy.StatusDisconnected, byID["proxy-3"].Status)
+}
+
+func TestNewCommandsDisconnectAllDryRun(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newTestStore(t)
+	seedProxies(t, ctx, s)
+
+	opened := false
+	cmd := NewCommands(func(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) error) error {
+		opened = true
+		return fn(cmd.Context(), s)
+	})
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.SetOut(&out)
+	cmd.SetErr(&out)
+	cmd.SetIn(strings.NewReader(""))
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"disconnect-all", "--dry-run"})
+
+	require.NoError(t, cmd.ExecuteContext(ctx))
+	require.True(t, opened)
+	require.Contains(t, out.String(), "Dry run: would force-mark 2 of 3 reverse proxy instance(s) as disconnected.")
+}
+
+func TestRunDisconnectAllEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newTestStore(t)
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	require.NoError(t, runDisconnectAll(ctx, s, &out, strings.NewReader(""), false, false))
+	require.Contains(t, out.String(), "No reverse proxy instances found.")
+}
diff --git a/management/cmd/root.go b/management/cmd/root.go
index fc43d315d..ae03a09e8 100644
--- a/management/cmd/root.go
+++ b/management/cmd/root.go
@@ -54,6 +54,15 @@ func Execute() error {
 	return rootCmd.Execute()
 }
 
+// Customize hands the fully built root command to fn so an embedding binary
+// can extend or adjust the command tree — most commonly attaching its own
+// subcommands next to (or under) the built-in ones — before calling Execute.
+// The root command is constructed in this package's init, so Customize may be
+// called from the embedding binary's main at any point before Execute.
+func Customize(fn func(root *cobra.Command)) {
+	fn(rootCmd)
+}
+
 func init() {
 	mgmtCmd.Flags().IntVar(&mgmtPort, "port", 80, "server port to listen on (defaults to 443 if TLS is enabled, 80 otherwise")
 	mgmtCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&disableLegacyManagementPort, "disable-legacy-port", false, "disabling the old legacy port (33073)")
@@ -83,7 +92,8 @@ func init() {
 
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(migrationCmd)
 
-	tc := newTokenCommands()
-	tc.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&nbconfig.MgmtConfigPath, "config", defaultMgmtConfig, "Netbird config file location")
-	rootCmd.AddCommand(tc)
+	ac := newAdminCommands()
+	ac.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&nbconfig.MgmtConfigPath, "config", defaultMgmtConfig, "Netbird config file location")
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(ac)
+	rootCmd.AddCommand(newLegacyTokenCommand())
 }
diff --git a/management/cmd/root_test.go b/management/cmd/root_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..826fd2d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/cmd/root_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// TestCustomize verifies an embedding binary can extend the command tree: a
+// top-level command attached through the hook, and a subcommand attached under
+// the built-in admin group, are both resolvable exactly as Execute would
+// resolve them.
+func TestCustomize(t *testing.T) {
+	topLevel := &cobra.Command{Use: "some-extra", RunE: func(*cobra.Command, []string) error { return nil }}
+	nested := &cobra.Command{Use: "cluster", RunE: func(*cobra.Command, []string) error { return nil }}
+
+	Customize(func(root *cobra.Command) {
+		root.AddCommand(topLevel)
+		for _, c := range root.Commands() {
+			if c.Name() == "admin" {
+				c.AddCommand(nested)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		t.Fatal("admin command not found in the root tree")
+	})
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		rootCmd.RemoveCommand(topLevel)
+		for _, c := range rootCmd.Commands() {
+			if c.Name() == "admin" {
+				c.RemoveCommand(nested)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	if found, _, err := rootCmd.Find([]string{"some-extra"}); err != nil || found != topLevel {
+		t.Fatalf("top-level command not resolvable: found=%v err=%v", found, err)
+	}
+	if found, _, err := rootCmd.Find([]string{"admin", "cluster"}); err != nil || found != nested {
+		t.Fatalf("nested admin subcommand not resolvable: found=%v err=%v", found, err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/cmd/token.go b/management/cmd/token.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 67af1a5f5..000000000
--- a/management/cmd/token.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-package cmd
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
-	tokencmd "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/cmd/token"
-	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
-)
-
-var tokenDatadir string
-
-// newTokenCommands creates the token command tree with management-specific store opener.
-func newTokenCommands() *cobra.Command {
-	cmd := tokencmd.NewCommands(withTokenStore)
-	cmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&tokenDatadir, "datadir", "", "Override the data directory from config (where store.db is located)")
-	return cmd
-}
-
-// withTokenStore initializes logging, loads config, opens the store, and calls fn.
-func withTokenStore(cmd *cobra.Command, fn func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store) error) error {
-	if err := util.InitLog("error", "console"); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("init log: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.WithValue(cmd.Context(), hook.ExecutionContextKey, hook.SystemSource) //nolint:staticcheck
-
-	config, err := LoadMgmtConfig(ctx, nbconfig.MgmtConfigPath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("load config: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	datadir := config.Datadir
-	if tokenDatadir != "" {
-		datadir = tokenDatadir
-	}
-
-	s, err := store.NewStore(ctx, config.StoreConfig.Engine, datadir, nil, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create store: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := s.Close(ctx); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("close store: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	return fn(ctx, s)
-}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller.go
index 4b414df6f..9727ff958 100644
--- a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller.go
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
@@ -16,13 +15,13 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
 
-	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/requestbuffer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
@@ -32,11 +31,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	sharedgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
+const defaultNetworkMapDataBufferInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
+
 type Controller struct {
 	repo    Repository
 	metrics *metrics
@@ -47,7 +52,7 @@ type Controller struct {
 	EphemeralPeersManager ephemeral.Manager
 
 	accountUpdateLocks               sync.Map
-	sendAccountUpdateLocks           sync.Map
+	affectedPeerUpdateLocks          sync.Map
 	updateAccountPeersBufferInterval atomic.Int64
 	// dnsDomain is used for peer resolution. This is appended to the peer's name
 	dnsDomain string
@@ -59,12 +64,12 @@ type Controller struct {
 
 	integratedPeerValidator integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator
 
-	holder *types.Holder
+	serverSupportedSyncMessageVersion sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersion
 
-	expNewNetworkMap     bool
-	expNewNetworkMapAIDs map[string]struct{}
+	perAccountServerSupportedSyncMessageVersions map[string]sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersion
 
-	compactedNetworkMap bool
+	nmdataStore  *networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl
+	nmdataBuffer *requestbuffer.Buffer[*networkmap.NetworkMapData]
 }
 
 type bufferUpdate struct {
@@ -73,38 +78,22 @@ type bufferUpdate struct {
 	update atomic.Bool
 }
 
+type bufferAffectedUpdate struct {
+	sendMu  sync.Mutex
+	dataMu  sync.Mutex
+	next    *time.Timer
+	peerIDs map[string]struct{}
+}
+
 var _ network_map.Controller = (*Controller)(nil)
 
-func NewController(ctx context.Context, store store.Store, metrics telemetry.AppMetrics, peersUpdateManager network_map.PeersUpdateManager, requestBuffer account.RequestBuffer, integratedPeerValidator integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator, settingsManager settings.Manager, dnsDomain string, proxyController port_forwarding.Controller, ephemeralPeersManager ephemeral.Manager, config *config.Config) *Controller {
+func NewController(ctx context.Context, store store.Store, metrics telemetry.AppMetrics, peersUpdateManager network_map.PeersUpdateManager, requestBuffer account.RequestBuffer, integratedPeerValidator integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator, settingsManager settings.Manager, dnsDomain string, proxyController port_forwarding.Controller, ephemeralPeersManager ephemeral.Manager, config *config.Config, nmdataStore *networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl) *Controller {
 	nMetrics, err := newMetrics(metrics.UpdateChannelMetrics())
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(fmt.Errorf("error creating metrics: %w", err))
 	}
 
-	newNetworkMapBuilder, err := strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder))
-	if err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to parse %s, using default value false: %v", network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder, err)
-		newNetworkMapBuilder = false
-	}
-
-	compactedNetworkMap := true
-	compactedEnv := os.Getenv(types.EnvNewNetworkMapCompacted)
-	parsedCompactedNmap, err := strconv.ParseBool(compactedEnv)
-	if err != nil && len(compactedEnv) > 0 {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to parse %s, using default value true: %v", types.EnvNewNetworkMapCompacted, err)
-	}
-	if err == nil && !parsedCompactedNmap {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Info("disabling compacted mode")
-		compactedNetworkMap = false
-	}
-
-	ids := strings.Split(os.Getenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapAccounts), ",")
-	expIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(ids))
-	for _, id := range ids {
-		expIDs[id] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	return &Controller{
+	c := &Controller{
 		repo:                    newRepository(store),
 		metrics:                 nMetrics,
 		accountManagerMetrics:   metrics.AccountManagerMetrics(),
@@ -115,15 +104,20 @@ func NewController(ctx context.Context, store store.Store, metrics telemetry.App
 		dnsDomain:               dnsDomain,
 		config:                  config,
 
-		proxyController:       proxyController,
-		EphemeralPeersManager: ephemeralPeersManager,
-
-		holder:               types.NewHolder(),
-		expNewNetworkMap:     newNetworkMapBuilder,
-		expNewNetworkMapAIDs: expIDs,
-
-		compactedNetworkMap: compactedNetworkMap,
+		proxyController:                              proxyController,
+		EphemeralPeersManager:                        ephemeralPeersManager,
+		serverSupportedSyncMessageVersion:            sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(config.HighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion),
+		perAccountServerSupportedSyncMessageVersions: sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionsFromMap(config.PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion),
+		nmdataStore:                                  nmdataStore,
 	}
+
+	if nmdataStore != nil {
+		interval := requestbuffer.Interval(ctx, "NB_NETWORK_MAP_DATA_BUFFER_INTERVAL", defaultNetworkMapDataBufferInterval)
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("set network map data request buffer interval to %s", interval)
+		c.nmdataBuffer = requestbuffer.New(ctx, "network map data request buffer", interval, c.fetchNetworkMapData)
+	}
+
+	return c
 }
 
 func (c *Controller) OnPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerID string) (chan *network_map.UpdateMessage, error) {
@@ -147,23 +141,57 @@ func (c *Controller) OnPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, p
 	c.EphemeralPeersManager.OnPeerDisconnected(ctx, peer)
 }
 
+// injectAllProxyPolicies prepares an account for the per-peer network-map
+// computation. It prepends the in-memory agent-network services synthesised
+// from the account's current provider/policy state to account.Services, so the
+// twin store built from the account carries them alongside the persisted
+// reverse-proxy services and synthesises their ACLs. Synthesised services are
+// never persisted; the account is loaded fresh per cycle so re-prepending is
+// safe and idempotent. Accounts without agent-network providers get an empty
+// synth slice — no behaviour change.
+func (c *Controller) injectAllProxyPolicies(ctx context.Context, account *types.Account) {
+	synth, err := c.repo.SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices(ctx, account.Id)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("synthesise agent-network services for account %s: %v", account.Id, err)
+	} else if len(synth) > 0 {
+		account.Services = append(synth, account.Services...)
+	}
+}
+
+// proxyServicesFromRepo is the store-path counterpart of
+// injectAllProxyPolicies: the network-map store reads the policies table, which
+// never holds the proxy ACLs, so the twin gets the services they are
+// synthesised from — the synthesised agent-network ones first, exactly as the
+// account path orders them.
+func (c *Controller) proxyServicesFromRepo(ctx context.Context, accountID string) []*nmdata.Service {
+	persisted, err := c.repo.GetAccountServices(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get services for account %s: %v", accountID, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	synth, err := c.repo.SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("synthesise agent-network services for account %s: %v", accountID, err)
+	}
+
+	return types.TwinServices(append(synth, persisted...))
+}
+
 func (c *Controller) CountStreams() int {
 	return c.peersUpdateManager.CountStreams()
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
+func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) error {
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("updating peers for account %s from %s", accountID, util.GetCallerName())
-	var (
-		account *types.Account
-		err     error
-	)
-	if c.experimentalNetworkMap(accountID) {
-		account = c.getAccountFromHolderOrInit(ctx, accountID)
-	} else {
-		account, err = c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get account: %v", err)
-		}
+
+	if nmData := c.getNetworkMapData(ctx, accountID); nmData != nil {
+		return c.sendUpdateAccountPeersFromData(ctx, accountID, reason, nmData)
+	}
+
+	account, err := c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get account: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	globalStart := time.Now()
@@ -181,7 +209,7 @@ func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID strin
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	approvedPeersMap, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, maps.Values(account.Groups), maps.Values(account.Peers), account.Settings.Extra)
+	approvedPeersMap, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, types.TwinGroups(maps.Values(account.Groups)), types.TwinPeers(maps.Values(account.Peers)), account.Settings.Extra)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get validate peers: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -189,7 +217,8 @@ func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID strin
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
 	semaphore := make(chan struct{}, 10)
 
-	account.InjectProxyPolicies(ctx)
+	c.injectAllProxyPolicies(ctx, account)
+	account.PrecomputePostureValidation(ctx)
 	dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
 	dnsDomain := c.GetDNSDomain(account.Settings)
 	peersCustomZone := account.GetPeersCustomZone(ctx, dnsDomain)
@@ -197,10 +226,6 @@ func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID strin
 	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
 	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
 
-	if c.experimentalNetworkMap(accountID) {
-		c.initNetworkMapBuilderIfNeeded(account, approvedPeersMap)
-	}
-
 	proxyNetworkMaps, err := c.proxyController.GetProxyNetworkMapsAll(ctx, accountID, account.Peers)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get proxy network maps: %v", err)
@@ -226,6 +251,10 @@ func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID strin
 			continue
 		}
 
+		if c.accountManagerMetrics != nil {
+			c.accountManagerMetrics.CountNmapTriggered(string(reason.Resource), string(reason.Operation))
+		}
+
 		wg.Add(1)
 		semaphore <- struct{}{}
 		go func(p *nbpeer.Peer) {
@@ -243,27 +272,53 @@ func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID strin
 			c.metrics.CountCalcPostureChecksDuration(time.Since(start))
 			start = time.Now()
 
-			var remotePeerNetworkMap *types.NetworkMap
+			peerGroups := account.GetPeerGroups(p.ID)
+			proxyNetworkMap := proxyNetworkMaps[p.ID]
+			var update *proto.SyncResponse
 
-			switch {
-			case c.experimentalNetworkMap(accountID):
-				remotePeerNetworkMap = c.getPeerNetworkMapExp(ctx, p.AccountID, p.ID, approvedPeersMap, peersCustomZone, accountZones, c.accountManagerMetrics)
-			case c.compactedNetworkMap:
-				remotePeerNetworkMap = account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, p.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
-			default:
-				remotePeerNetworkMap = account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, p.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
+			commonSyncMessageVersion := sharedgrpc.HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(
+				c.perAccountOrGlobalSupportedSyncMessageVersions(accountID),
+				sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&peer.Meta.SyncMessageVersion))
+
+			log.WithContext(ctx).
+				WithFields(log.Fields{
+					"sync_message_version":        commonSyncMessageVersion,
+					"server_sync_message_version": c.perAccountOrGlobalSupportedSyncMessageVersions(peer.AccountID),
+					"peer_sync_message_version":   sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&peer.Meta.SyncMessageVersion),
+				}).Debug("common highest sync message version")
+
+			if commonSyncMessageVersion == sharedgrpc.ComponentNetworkMap {
+				components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
+					ctx, p.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, groupIDToUserIDs)
+
+				c.metrics.CountCalcPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+				start = time.Now()
+				// proxyNetworkMap rides the envelope as a ProxyPatch sidecar;
+				// the client merges it into Calculate()'s output the same
+				// way the legacy server did via NetworkMap.Merge.
+				update = grpc.ToComponentSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, types.TwinPeer(p), nil, nil, components, proxyNetworkMap, dnsDomain, postureChecks, types.TwinAccountSettings(account.Settings), extraSetting, maps.Keys(peerGroups), dnsFwdPort)
+				c.metrics.CountToComponentSyncResponseDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+				c.peersUpdateManager.SendUpdate(ctx, p.ID, &network_map.UpdateMessage{
+					Update:      update,
+					MessageType: network_map.MessageTypeNetworkMap,
+				})
+
+				return
 			}
 
+			nmap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
+				ctx, p.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
+
 			c.metrics.CountCalcPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
 
-			proxyNetworkMap, ok := proxyNetworkMaps[peer.ID]
-			if ok {
-				remotePeerNetworkMap.Merge(proxyNetworkMap)
+			if proxyNetworkMap != nil {
+				nmap.Merge(proxyNetworkMap)
 			}
 
-			peerGroups := account.GetPeerGroups(p.ID)
 			start = time.Now()
-			update := grpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, p, nil, nil, remotePeerNetworkMap, dnsDomain, postureChecks, dnsCache, account.Settings, extraSetting, maps.Keys(peerGroups), dnsFwdPort)
+			update = grpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, types.TwinPeer(p), nil, nil, nmap, dnsDomain, postureChecks, dnsCache, types.TwinAccountSettings(account.Settings), extraSetting, maps.Keys(peerGroups), dnsFwdPort)
 			c.metrics.CountToSyncResponseDuration(time.Since(start))
 
 			c.peersUpdateManager.SendUpdate(ctx, p.ID, &network_map.UpdateMessage{
@@ -281,48 +336,477 @@ func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID strin
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) bufferSendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("buffer sending update peers for account %s from %s", accountID, util.GetCallerName())
+// sendUpdateAccountPeersFromData is the account-free variant of
+// sendUpdateAccountPeers: everything is computed from the network-map DB
+// store's twin data; only extra settings and validated peers are resolved at
+// runtime. Proxy network maps and policy injection, private-service zones,
+// group-to-user SSH mappings and forced routing-peer DNS resolution have no
+// DB-backed source yet and are omitted.
+func (c *Controller) sendUpdateAccountPeersFromData(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData) error {
+	peersToUpdate := c.connectedPeersFromData(nmData, nil)
+	if len(peersToUpdate) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return c.sendUpdatesFromData(ctx, accountID, nmData, peersToUpdate, &reason)
+}
 
-	bufUpd, _ := c.sendAccountUpdateLocks.LoadOrStore(accountID, &bufferUpdate{})
-	b := bufUpd.(*bufferUpdate)
-
-	if !b.mu.TryLock() {
-		b.update.Store(true)
+// sendUpdateForAffectedPeersFromData is the account-free variant of
+// sendUpdateForAffectedPeers.
+func (c *Controller) sendUpdateForAffectedPeersFromData(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData) error {
+	if len(peerIDs) == 0 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("sendUpdateForAffectedPeersFromData: no affected peers")
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	if b.next != nil {
-		b.next.Stop()
+	peersToUpdate := c.connectedPeersFromData(nmData, peerIDs)
+	if len(peersToUpdate) == 0 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("sendUpdateForAffectedPeersFromData: no peers to update (affected peers not found in data or no channels)")
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	go func() {
-		defer b.mu.Unlock()
-		_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-		if !b.update.Load() {
-			return
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("sendUpdateForAffectedPeersFromData: sending network map to %d connected peers", len(peersToUpdate))
+
+	return c.sendUpdatesFromData(ctx, accountID, nmData, peersToUpdate, nil)
+}
+
+// connectedPeersFromData returns the peers with an open update channel. An
+// empty affected list means all peers; a non-empty list restricts the result
+// to those peer IDs.
+func (c *Controller) connectedPeersFromData(nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData, affected []string) []*nmdata.Peer {
+	if len(affected) == 0 {
+		result := make([]*nmdata.Peer, 0, len(nmData.Peers))
+		for _, peer := range nmData.Peers {
+			if c.peersUpdateManager.HasChannel(peer.ID) {
+				result = append(result, peer)
+			}
 		}
-		b.update.Store(false)
-		if b.next == nil {
-			b.next = time.AfterFunc(time.Duration(c.updateAccountPeersBufferInterval.Load()), func() {
-				_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+		return result
+	}
+
+	result := make([]*nmdata.Peer, 0, len(affected))
+	for _, peerID := range affected {
+		peer := nmData.Peers[peerID]
+		if peer == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if c.peersUpdateManager.HasChannel(peerID) {
+			result = append(result, peer)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) sendUpdatesFromData(ctx context.Context, accountID string, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData, peersToUpdate []*nmdata.Peer, reason *types.UpdateReason) error {
+	globalStart := time.Now()
+
+	extraSettings, err := c.settingsManager.GetExtraSettings(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get flow enabled status: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
+	dnsDomain := c.getDNSDomainFromData(nmData.AccountSettings)
+	peersCustomZone := networkmap.PeersCustomZone(ctx, accountID, dnsDomain, nmData.Peers, IPv6AllowedPeersFromData(nmData))
+
+	dnsFwdPort := ComputeForwarderPortFromData(nmData.Peers, network_map.DnsForwarderPortMinVersion)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	semaphore := make(chan struct{}, 10)
+
+	for _, peer := range peersToUpdate {
+		if reason != nil && c.accountManagerMetrics != nil {
+			c.accountManagerMetrics.CountNmapTriggered(string(reason.Resource), string(reason.Operation))
+		}
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		semaphore <- struct{}{}
+		go func(p *nmdata.Peer) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			defer func() { <-semaphore }()
+
+			start := time.Now()
+
+			postureChecks := peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData, p.ID)
+
+			c.metrics.CountCalcPostureChecksDuration(time.Since(start))
+			start = time.Now()
+
+			peerGroups := maps.Keys(nmData.GetPeerGroups(p.ID))
+			var update *proto.SyncResponse
+
+			commonSyncMessageVersion := sharedgrpc.HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(
+				c.perAccountOrGlobalSupportedSyncMessageVersions(accountID),
+				sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&p.Meta.SyncMessageVersion))
+
+			log.WithContext(ctx).
+				WithFields(log.Fields{
+					"sync_message_version":        commonSyncMessageVersion,
+					"server_sync_message_version": c.perAccountOrGlobalSupportedSyncMessageVersions(accountID),
+					"peer_sync_message_version":   sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&p.Meta.SyncMessageVersion),
+				}).Debug("common highest sync message version")
+
+			if commonSyncMessageVersion == sharedgrpc.ComponentNetworkMap {
+				components := nmData.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(p.ID, peersCustomZone)
+
+				c.metrics.CountCalcPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+				start = time.Now()
+				update = grpc.ToComponentSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, p, nil, nil, components, nil, dnsDomain, postureChecks, nmData.AccountSettings, extraSettings, peerGroups, dnsFwdPort)
+				c.metrics.CountToComponentSyncResponseDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+				c.peersUpdateManager.SendUpdate(ctx, p.ID, &network_map.UpdateMessage{
+					Update:      update,
+					MessageType: network_map.MessageTypeNetworkMap,
+				})
+
+				return
+			}
+
+			nmap := NetworkMapFromData(ctx, nmData, p.ID, peersCustomZone, c.accountManagerMetrics)
+
+			c.metrics.CountCalcPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+			start = time.Now()
+			update = grpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, p, nil, nil, nmap, dnsDomain, postureChecks, dnsCache, nmData.AccountSettings, extraSettings, peerGroups, dnsFwdPort)
+			c.metrics.CountToSyncResponseDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+			c.peersUpdateManager.SendUpdate(ctx, p.ID, &network_map.UpdateMessage{
+				Update:      update,
+				MessageType: network_map.MessageTypeNetworkMap,
 			})
-			return
-		}
-		b.next.Reset(time.Duration(c.updateAccountPeersBufferInterval.Load()))
-	}()
+		}(peer)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	if c.accountManagerMetrics != nil {
+		c.accountManagerMetrics.CountUpdateAccountPeersDuration(time.Since(globalStart))
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// UpdatePeers updates all peers that belong to an account.
-// Should be called when changes have to be synced to peers.
-func (c *Controller) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
-	if err := c.RecalculateNetworkMapCache(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("recalculate network map cache: %v", err)
+func (c *Controller) getNetworkMapData(ctx context.Context, accountID string) *networkmap.NetworkMapData {
+	if c.nmdataBuffer == nil {
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	return c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	nmData, err := c.nmdataBuffer.Get(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get network map data for account %s, falling back to account-based computation: %v", accountID, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return nmData
+}
+
+// fetchNetworkMapData reads the twin once per buffer window. Its result is
+// shared by every waiter of that window, so the mutating steps run here, before
+// it is handed out: the twin the callers see is read-only. Injected proxy
+// policies carry no posture checks, so precomputing after the injection yields
+// the same validation as precomputing before it.
+func (c *Controller) fetchNetworkMapData(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*networkmap.NetworkMapData, error) {
+	nmData, err := c.nmdataStore.GetNetworkMapData(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	nmData.Services = c.proxyServicesFromRepo(ctx, accountID)
+	nmData.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+	nmData.InjectProxyPolicies()
+	nmData.PrecomputePostureValidation()
+
+	return nmData, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) getDNSDomainFromData(settings *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo) string {
+	if settings == nil || settings.DNSDomain == "" {
+		return c.dnsDomain
+	}
+	return settings.DNSDomain
+}
+
+func IPv6AllowedPeersFromData(nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData) map[string]struct{} {
+	result := make(map[string]struct{})
+	// An account with no IPv6-enabled group runs no overlay at all, so the
+	// embedded-proxy carve-out below has nothing to reach and stays shut.
+	if nmData.AccountSettings == nil || len(nmData.AccountSettings.IPv6EnabledGroups) == 0 {
+		return result
+	}
+	for _, groupID := range nmData.AccountSettings.IPv6EnabledGroups {
+		group := nmData.Groups[groupID]
+		if group == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, peerID := range group.Peers {
+			result[peerID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	for id, p := range nmData.Peers {
+		if p != nil && p.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
+			result[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func NetworkMapFromData(ctx context.Context, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData, peerID string, peersCustomZone nmdata.CustomZone, metrics *telemetry.AccountManagerMetrics) *types.NetworkMap {
+	start := time.Now()
+
+	components := nmData.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(peerID, peersCustomZone)
+	if components.IsEmpty() {
+		return &types.NetworkMap{Network: components.Network}
+	}
+	nm := types.CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
+
+	if metrics != nil {
+		objectCount := int64(len(nm.Peers) + len(nm.OfflinePeers) + len(nm.Routes) + len(nm.FirewallRules) + len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules))
+		metrics.CountNetworkMapObjects(objectCount)
+		metrics.CountGetPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
+	}
+
+	return nm
+}
+
+// peerPostureChecksFromData mirrors getPeerPostureChecks on the twin store.
+func peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData, peerID string) []*nmdata.PostureChecks {
+	if len(nmData.PostureChecks) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	peerPostureChecks := make(map[string]*nmdata.PostureChecks)
+	for _, policy := range nmData.Policies {
+		if policy == nil || !policy.Enabled || len(policy.SourcePostureChecks) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !isPeerInPolicySourcesFromData(nmData, peerID, policy) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, checkID := range policy.SourcePostureChecks {
+			if twin := nmData.PostureChecks[checkID]; twin != nil {
+				peerPostureChecks[checkID] = twin
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return maps.Values(peerPostureChecks)
+}
+
+func isPeerInPolicySourcesFromData(nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData, peerID string, policy *nmdata.Policy) bool {
+	for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+		if rule == nil || !rule.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		if rule.SourceResource.Type == string(types.ResourceTypePeer) && rule.SourceResource.ID == peerID {
+			return true
+		}
+		for _, groupID := range rule.Sources {
+			if group := nmData.Groups[groupID]; group != nil && slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) perAccountOrGlobalSupportedSyncMessageVersions(accountId string) sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersion {
+	if perAccount, ok := c.perAccountServerSupportedSyncMessageVersions[accountId]; ok {
+		return perAccount
+	}
+	return c.serverSupportedSyncMessageVersion
+}
+
+// UpdatePeers updates all peers that belong to an account.
+// Should be called when changes have to be synced to peers.
+func (c *Controller) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) error {
+	if c.accountManagerMetrics != nil {
+		c.accountManagerMetrics.CountUpdateAccountPeersTriggered(string(reason.Resource), string(reason.Operation))
+	}
+	return c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
+}
+
+// UpdateAffectedPeers updates only the specified peers that belong to an account.
+func (c *Controller) UpdateAffectedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error {
+	if len(peerIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return c.sendUpdateForAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) sendUpdateForAffectedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error {
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("sendUpdateForAffectedPeers: account %s, %d affected peers: %v (caller: %s)", accountID, len(peerIDs), peerIDs, util.GetCallerName())
+
+	if !c.hasConnectedPeers(peerIDs) {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("sendUpdateForAffectedPeers: no connected peers among %v, skipping", peerIDs)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if nmData := c.getNetworkMapData(ctx, accountID); nmData != nil {
+		return c.sendUpdateForAffectedPeersFromData(ctx, accountID, peerIDs, nmData)
+	}
+
+	account, err := c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get account: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	globalStart := time.Now()
+
+	peersToUpdate := c.filterConnectedAffectedPeers(account, peerIDs)
+	if len(peersToUpdate) == 0 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("sendUpdateForAffectedPeers: no peers to update (affected peers not found in account or no channels)")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("sendUpdateForAffectedPeers: sending network map to %d connected peers", len(peersToUpdate))
+
+	approvedPeersMap, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, types.TwinGroups(maps.Values(account.Groups)), types.TwinPeers(maps.Values(account.Peers)), account.Settings.Extra)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get validate peers: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	semaphore := make(chan struct{}, 10)
+
+	// The affected-peer path MUST mirror sendUpdateAccountPeers (line 171)
+	// here: injectAllProxyPolicies prepends the synthesised agent-network
+	// services BEFORE InjectProxyPolicies + private-service policies run.
+	// Previously this path called only account.InjectProxyPolicies, which
+	// skipped the synth-services prepend — so peer-level changes
+	// (proxy restart, embedded peer connect/disconnect) propagated a
+	// network map that omitted the synth DNS zone, and the agent kept
+	// resolving against the stale or absent record.
+	c.injectAllProxyPolicies(ctx, account)
+	account.PrecomputePostureValidation(ctx)
+	dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
+	dnsDomain := c.GetDNSDomain(account.Settings)
+	peersCustomZone := account.GetPeersCustomZone(ctx, dnsDomain)
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+
+	proxyNetworkMaps, err := c.proxyController.GetProxyNetworkMapsAll(ctx, accountID, account.Peers)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get proxy network maps: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get proxy network maps: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	extraSetting, err := c.settingsManager.GetExtraSettings(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get flow enabled status: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	dnsFwdPort := computeForwarderPort(maps.Values(account.Peers), network_map.DnsForwarderPortMinVersion)
+
+	accountZones, err := c.repo.GetAccountZones(ctx, account.Id)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get account zones: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get account zones: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, peer := range peersToUpdate {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		semaphore <- struct{}{}
+		go func(p *nbpeer.Peer) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			defer func() { <-semaphore }()
+
+			start := time.Now()
+
+			postureChecks, err := c.getPeerPostureChecks(account, p.ID)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("failed to get posture checks for peer %s: %v", p.ID, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			c.metrics.CountCalcPostureChecksDuration(time.Since(start))
+			start = time.Now()
+
+			peerGroups := account.GetPeerGroups(p.ID)
+			proxyNetworkMap := proxyNetworkMaps[p.ID]
+			var update *proto.SyncResponse
+
+			commonSyncMessageVersion := sharedgrpc.HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(
+				c.perAccountOrGlobalSupportedSyncMessageVersions(accountID),
+				sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&peer.Meta.SyncMessageVersion))
+
+			log.WithContext(ctx).
+				WithFields(log.Fields{
+					"sync_message_version":        commonSyncMessageVersion,
+					"server_sync_message_version": c.perAccountOrGlobalSupportedSyncMessageVersions(peer.AccountID),
+					"peer_sync_message_version":   sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&peer.Meta.SyncMessageVersion),
+				}).Debug("common highest sync message version")
+
+			if commonSyncMessageVersion == sharedgrpc.ComponentNetworkMap {
+				components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
+					ctx, p.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, groupIDToUserIDs)
+
+				c.metrics.CountCalcPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+				start = time.Now()
+				// proxyNetworkMap rides the envelope as a ProxyPatch sidecar;
+				// the client merges it into Calculate()'s output the same
+				// way the legacy server did via NetworkMap.Merge.
+				update = grpc.ToComponentSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, types.TwinPeer(p), nil, nil, components, proxyNetworkMap, dnsDomain, postureChecks, types.TwinAccountSettings(account.Settings), extraSetting, maps.Keys(peerGroups), dnsFwdPort)
+				c.metrics.CountToComponentSyncResponseDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+				c.peersUpdateManager.SendUpdate(ctx, p.ID, &network_map.UpdateMessage{
+					Update:      update,
+					MessageType: network_map.MessageTypeNetworkMap,
+				})
+
+				return
+			}
+
+			nmap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
+				ctx, p.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
+
+			c.metrics.CountCalcPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+			if proxyNetworkMap != nil {
+				nmap.Merge(proxyNetworkMap)
+			}
+
+			start = time.Now()
+			update = grpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, types.TwinPeer(p), nil, nil, nmap, dnsDomain, postureChecks, dnsCache, types.TwinAccountSettings(account.Settings), extraSetting, maps.Keys(peerGroups), dnsFwdPort)
+			c.metrics.CountToSyncResponseDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+			c.peersUpdateManager.SendUpdate(ctx, p.ID, &network_map.UpdateMessage{
+				Update:      update,
+				MessageType: network_map.MessageTypeNetworkMap,
+			})
+		}(peer)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	if c.accountManagerMetrics != nil {
+		c.accountManagerMetrics.CountUpdateAccountPeersDuration(time.Since(globalStart))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) hasConnectedPeers(peerIDs []string) bool {
+	for _, id := range peerIDs {
+		if c.peersUpdateManager.HasChannel(id) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) filterConnectedAffectedPeers(account *types.Account, peerIDs []string) []*nbpeer.Peer {
+	affected := make(map[string]struct{}, len(peerIDs))
+	for _, id := range peerIDs {
+		affected[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	var result []*nbpeer.Peer
+	for _, peer := range account.Peers {
+		if _, ok := affected[peer.ID]; ok && c.peersUpdateManager.HasChannel(peer.ID) {
+			result = append(result, peer)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
 }
 
 func (c *Controller) UpdateAccountPeer(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerId string) error {
@@ -340,12 +824,12 @@ func (c *Controller) UpdateAccountPeer(ctx context.Context, accountId string, pe
 		return fmt.Errorf("peer %s doesn't exists in account %s", peerId, accountId)
 	}
 
-	approvedPeersMap, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, maps.Values(account.Groups), maps.Values(account.Peers), account.Settings.Extra)
+	approvedPeersMap, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, types.TwinGroups(maps.Values(account.Groups)), types.TwinPeers(maps.Values(account.Peers)), account.Settings.Extra)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get validated peers: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	account.InjectProxyPolicies(ctx)
+	c.injectAllProxyPolicies(ctx, account)
 	dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
 	dnsDomain := c.GetDNSDomain(account.Settings)
 	peersCustomZone := account.GetPeersCustomZone(ctx, dnsDomain)
@@ -371,22 +855,7 @@ func (c *Controller) UpdateAccountPeer(ctx context.Context, accountId string, pe
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var remotePeerNetworkMap *types.NetworkMap
-
-	switch {
-	case c.experimentalNetworkMap(accountId):
-		remotePeerNetworkMap = c.getPeerNetworkMapExp(ctx, peer.AccountID, peer.ID, approvedPeersMap, peersCustomZone, accountZones, c.accountManagerMetrics)
-	case c.compactedNetworkMap:
-		remotePeerNetworkMap = account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peerId, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
-	default:
-		remotePeerNetworkMap = account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, peerId, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
-	}
-
-	proxyNetworkMap, ok := proxyNetworkMaps[peer.ID]
-	if ok {
-		remotePeerNetworkMap.Merge(proxyNetworkMap)
-	}
-
+	proxyNetworkMap := proxyNetworkMaps[peer.ID]
 	extraSettings, err := c.settingsManager.GetExtraSettings(ctx, peer.AccountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get extra settings: %v", err)
@@ -395,7 +864,45 @@ func (c *Controller) UpdateAccountPeer(ctx context.Context, accountId string, pe
 	peerGroups := account.GetPeerGroups(peerId)
 	dnsFwdPort := computeForwarderPort(maps.Values(account.Peers), network_map.DnsForwarderPortMinVersion)
 
-	update := grpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, peer, nil, nil, remotePeerNetworkMap, dnsDomain, postureChecks, dnsCache, account.Settings, extraSettings, maps.Keys(peerGroups), dnsFwdPort)
+	var update *proto.SyncResponse
+
+	commonSyncMessageVersion := sharedgrpc.HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(
+		c.perAccountOrGlobalSupportedSyncMessageVersions(accountId),
+		sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&peer.Meta.SyncMessageVersion))
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).
+		WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"sync_message_version":        commonSyncMessageVersion,
+			"server_sync_message_version": c.perAccountOrGlobalSupportedSyncMessageVersions(peer.AccountID),
+			"peer_sync_message_version":   sharedgrpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&peer.Meta.SyncMessageVersion),
+		}).Debug("common highest sync message version")
+
+	if commonSyncMessageVersion == sharedgrpc.ComponentNetworkMap {
+		components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
+			ctx, peer.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, groupIDToUserIDs)
+
+		// proxyNetworkMap rides the envelope as a ProxyPatch sidecar;
+		// the client merges it into Calculate()'s output the same
+		// way the legacy server did via NetworkMap.Merge.
+		update = grpc.ToComponentSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, types.TwinPeer(peer), nil, nil, components, proxyNetworkMap, dnsDomain, postureChecks, types.TwinAccountSettings(account.Settings), extraSettings, maps.Keys(peerGroups), dnsFwdPort)
+
+		c.peersUpdateManager.SendUpdate(ctx, peer.ID, &network_map.UpdateMessage{
+			Update:      update,
+			MessageType: network_map.MessageTypeNetworkMap,
+		})
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	nmap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
+		ctx, peer.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
+
+	if proxyNetworkMap != nil {
+		nmap.Merge(proxyNetworkMap)
+	}
+
+	update = grpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, c.config.HttpConfig, c.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, types.TwinPeer(peer), nil, nil, nmap, dnsDomain, postureChecks, dnsCache, types.TwinAccountSettings(account.Settings), extraSettings, maps.Keys(peerGroups), dnsFwdPort)
+
 	c.peersUpdateManager.SendUpdate(ctx, peer.ID, &network_map.UpdateMessage{
 		Update:      update,
 		MessageType: network_map.MessageTypeNetworkMap,
@@ -404,9 +911,13 @@ func (c *Controller) UpdateAccountPeer(ctx context.Context, accountId string, pe
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
+func (c *Controller) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) error {
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("buffer updating peers for account %s from %s", accountID, util.GetCallerName())
 
+	if c.accountManagerMetrics != nil {
+		c.accountManagerMetrics.CountUpdateAccountPeersTriggered(string(reason.Resource), string(reason.Operation))
+	}
+
 	bufUpd, _ := c.accountUpdateLocks.LoadOrStore(accountID, &bufferUpdate{})
 	b := bufUpd.(*bufferUpdate)
 
@@ -421,14 +932,14 @@ func (c *Controller) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID str
 
 	go func() {
 		defer b.mu.Unlock()
-		_ = c.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+		_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
 		if !b.update.Load() {
 			return
 		}
 		b.update.Store(false)
 		if b.next == nil {
 			b.next = time.AfterFunc(time.Duration(c.updateAccountPeersBufferInterval.Load()), func() {
-				_ = c.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+				_ = c.sendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
 			})
 			return
 		}
@@ -438,186 +949,264 @@ func (c *Controller) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID str
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx context.Context, isRequiresApproval bool, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) {
+// GetValidatedPeerWithComponents is the components-format counterpart of
+// GetValidatedPeerWithMap. It returns raw NetworkMapComponents for capable
+// peers along with the proxy NetworkMap fragment (BYOP / port-forwarding
+// data the legacy server folds in via NetworkMap.Merge). The gRPC layer
+// encodes both into the wire envelope. Callers must gate on capability
+// themselves before dispatching here — this method does NOT branch on it.
+func (c *Controller) GetValidatedPeerWithComponents(ctx context.Context, isRequiresApproval bool, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMapComponents, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
 	if isRequiresApproval {
 		network, err := c.repo.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, accountID)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
+			return nil, nil, nil, nil, 0, err
 		}
-
-		emptyMap := &types.NetworkMap{
-			Network: network.Copy(),
-		}
-		return peer, emptyMap, nil, 0, nil
+		return peer, &types.NetworkMapComponents{Network: types.TwinNetwork(network)}, nil, nil, 0, nil
 	}
 
-	var (
-		account *types.Account
-		err     error
-	)
-	if c.experimentalNetworkMap(accountID) {
-		account = c.getAccountFromHolderOrInit(ctx, accountID)
-	} else {
-		account, err = c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
-		}
+	if nmData := c.getNetworkMapData(ctx, accountID); nmData != nil {
+		return c.getValidatedPeerWithComponentsFromData(ctx, accountID, peer, nmData)
 	}
 
-	account.InjectProxyPolicies(ctx)
-
-	approvedPeersMap, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, maps.Values(account.Groups), maps.Values(account.Peers), account.Settings.Extra)
+	account, err := c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	// it's possible that the peer gets deleted between the call to "sendInitialSync()" and here, bail out in this case
+	if _, ok := account.Peers[peer.ID]; !ok {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("peer '%s' no longer exists", peer.ID)
+	}
+
+	c.injectAllProxyPolicies(ctx, account)
+
+	approvedPeersMap, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, types.TwinGroups(maps.Values(account.Groups)), types.TwinPeers(maps.Values(account.Peers)), account.Settings.Extra)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, 0, err
 	}
 
-	startPosture := time.Now()
 	postureChecks, err := c.getPeerPostureChecks(account, peer.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, 0, err
 	}
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("getPeerPostureChecks took %s", time.Since(startPosture))
 
 	accountZones, err := c.repo.GetAccountZones(ctx, account.Id)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get account zones: %v", err)
-		return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	// Fetch the proxy network map fragment for this peer alongside the
+	// components — same single-account-load path the streaming controller
+	// uses, so initial-sync delivers BYOP/forwarding patches synchronously
+	// instead of waiting for the next streaming push.
+	proxyNetworkMaps, err := c.proxyController.GetProxyNetworkMaps(ctx, account.Id, peer.ID, account.Peers)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get proxy network maps: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil, 0, err
 	}
 
 	dnsDomain := c.GetDNSDomain(account.Settings)
 	peersCustomZone := account.GetPeersCustomZone(ctx, dnsDomain)
 
-	proxyNetworkMaps, err := c.proxyController.GetProxyNetworkMaps(ctx, account.Id, peer.ID, account.Peers)
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+	components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(ctx, peer.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, groupIDToUserIDs)
+	dnsFwdPort := computeForwarderPort(maps.Values(account.Peers), network_map.DnsForwarderPortMinVersion)
+
+	return peer, components, proxyNetworkMaps[peer.ID], postureChecks, dnsFwdPort, nil
+}
+
+// getValidatedPeerWithComponentsFromData is the account-free variant of
+// GetValidatedPeerWithComponents. The proxy network map fragment is omitted
+// like on the other nmdata paths.
+func (c *Controller) getValidatedPeerWithComponentsFromData(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMapComponents, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
+	postureChecks := peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData, peer.ID)
+
+	dnsDomain := c.getDNSDomainFromData(nmData.AccountSettings)
+	peersCustomZone := networkmap.PeersCustomZone(ctx, accountID, dnsDomain, nmData.Peers, IPv6AllowedPeersFromData(nmData))
+
+	components := nmData.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(peer.ID, peersCustomZone)
+	dnsFwdPort := ComputeForwarderPortFromData(nmData.Peers, network_map.DnsForwarderPortMinVersion)
+
+	return peer, components, nil, postureChecks, dnsFwdPort, nil
+}
+
+// BufferUpdateAffectedPeers accumulates peer IDs and flushes them after the buffer interval.
+func (c *Controller) BufferUpdateAffectedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, reason types.UpdateReason) error {
+	if len(peerIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if c.accountManagerMetrics != nil {
+		c.accountManagerMetrics.CountUpdateAccountPeersTriggered(string(reason.Resource), string(reason.Operation))
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("buffer updating %d affected peers for account %s from %s with reason %s/%s", len(peerIDs), accountID, util.GetCallerName(), reason.Operation, reason.Resource)
+
+	bufUpd, _ := c.affectedPeerUpdateLocks.LoadOrStore(accountID, &bufferAffectedUpdate{
+		peerIDs: make(map[string]struct{}),
+	})
+	b := bufUpd.(*bufferAffectedUpdate)
+
+	b.addPeerIDs(peerIDs)
+
+	if !b.sendMu.TryLock() {
+		// Another goroutine is already sending; it will pick up our IDs on its next drain.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	b.stopTimer()
+
+	// The send and the debounced timer outlive the calling request, so detach from
+	// its context to avoid sending with a cancelled context once the handler returns.
+	bgCtx := context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
+
+	collected := b.drainPeerIDs()
+	go func() {
+		defer b.sendMu.Unlock()
+		_ = c.sendUpdateForAffectedPeers(bgCtx, accountID, collected)
+
+		// Check if more peer IDs accumulated while we were sending.
+		if !b.hasPending() {
+			return
+		}
+
+		// Schedule a debounced flush for the newly accumulated IDs.
+		b.setTimer(time.Duration(c.updateAccountPeersBufferInterval.Load()), func() {
+			ids := b.drainPeerIDs()
+			if len(ids) > 0 {
+				_ = c.sendUpdateForAffectedPeers(bgCtx, accountID, ids)
+			}
+		})
+	}()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (b *bufferAffectedUpdate) addPeerIDs(ids []string) {
+	b.dataMu.Lock()
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		b.peerIDs[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	b.dataMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (b *bufferAffectedUpdate) drainPeerIDs() []string {
+	b.dataMu.Lock()
+	defer b.dataMu.Unlock()
+	if len(b.peerIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(b.peerIDs))
+	for id := range b.peerIDs {
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+	}
+	b.peerIDs = make(map[string]struct{})
+	return ids
+}
+
+func (b *bufferAffectedUpdate) hasPending() bool {
+	b.dataMu.Lock()
+	defer b.dataMu.Unlock()
+	return len(b.peerIDs) > 0
+}
+
+func (b *bufferAffectedUpdate) stopTimer() {
+	b.dataMu.Lock()
+	defer b.dataMu.Unlock()
+	if b.next != nil {
+		b.next.Stop()
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *bufferAffectedUpdate) setTimer(d time.Duration, f func()) {
+	b.dataMu.Lock()
+	defer b.dataMu.Unlock()
+	if b.next == nil {
+		b.next = time.AfterFunc(d, f)
+		return
+	}
+	b.next.Reset(d)
+}
+
+func (c *Controller) GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx context.Context, isRequiresApproval bool, accountID string, peerID string) (*types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
+	if isRequiresApproval {
+		network, err := c.repo.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, accountID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, 0, err
+		}
+
+		emptyMap := &types.NetworkMap{
+			Network: types.TwinNetwork(network),
+		}
+		return emptyMap, nil, 0, nil
+	}
+
+	if nmData := c.getNetworkMapData(ctx, accountID); nmData != nil {
+		return c.getValidatedPeerWithMapFromData(ctx, accountID, peerID, nmData)
+	}
+
+	account, err := c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	c.injectAllProxyPolicies(ctx, account)
+
+	approvedPeersMap, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, types.TwinGroups(maps.Values(account.Groups)), types.TwinPeers(maps.Values(account.Peers)), account.Settings.Extra)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	postureChecks, err := c.getPeerPostureChecks(account, peerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	accountZones, err := c.repo.GetAccountZones(ctx, account.Id)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get account zones: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	dnsDomain := c.GetDNSDomain(account.Settings)
+	peersCustomZone := account.GetPeersCustomZone(ctx, dnsDomain)
+
+	proxyNetworkMaps, err := c.proxyController.GetProxyNetworkMaps(ctx, account.Id, peerID, account.Peers)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get proxy network maps: %v", err)
-		return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
+		return nil, nil, 0, err
 	}
 
-	var networkMap *types.NetworkMap
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+	networkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peerID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
 
-	if c.experimentalNetworkMap(accountID) {
-		networkMap = c.getPeerNetworkMapExp(ctx, peer.AccountID, peer.ID, approvedPeersMap, peersCustomZone, accountZones, c.accountManagerMetrics)
-	} else {
-		resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-		routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-		groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
-		if c.compactedNetworkMap {
-			networkMap = account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peer.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
-		} else {
-			networkMap = account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, peer.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, approvedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, c.accountManagerMetrics, groupIDToUserIDs)
-		}
-	}
-
-	proxyNetworkMap, ok := proxyNetworkMaps[peer.ID]
+	proxyNetworkMap, ok := proxyNetworkMaps[peerID]
 	if ok {
 		networkMap.Merge(proxyNetworkMap)
 	}
 
 	dnsFwdPort := computeForwarderPort(maps.Values(account.Peers), network_map.DnsForwarderPortMinVersion)
 
-	return peer, networkMap, postureChecks, dnsFwdPort, nil
+	return networkMap, postureChecks, dnsFwdPort, nil
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) initNetworkMapBuilderIfNeeded(account *types.Account, validatedPeers map[string]struct{}) {
-	c.enrichAccountFromHolder(account)
-	account.InitNetworkMapBuilderIfNeeded(validatedPeers)
-}
+// getValidatedPeerWithMapFromData is the account-free variant of
+// GetValidatedPeerWithMap. The proxy network map fragment is omitted like on
+// the other nmdata paths.
+func (c *Controller) getValidatedPeerWithMapFromData(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerID string, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData) (*types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
+	postureChecks := peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData, peerID)
 
-func (c *Controller) getPeerNetworkMapExp(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	accountId string,
-	peerId string,
-	validatedPeers map[string]struct{},
-	peersCustomZone nbdns.CustomZone,
-	accountZones []*zones.Zone,
-	metrics *telemetry.AccountManagerMetrics,
-) *types.NetworkMap {
-	account := c.getAccountFromHolderOrInit(ctx, accountId)
-	if account == nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("account %s not found in holder when getting peer network map", accountId)
-		return &types.NetworkMap{
-			Network: &types.Network{},
-		}
-	}
+	dnsDomain := c.getDNSDomainFromData(nmData.AccountSettings)
+	peersCustomZone := networkmap.PeersCustomZone(ctx, accountID, dnsDomain, nmData.Peers, IPv6AllowedPeersFromData(nmData))
 
-	return account.GetPeerNetworkMapExp(ctx, peerId, peersCustomZone, accountZones, validatedPeers, metrics)
-}
+	networkMap := NetworkMapFromData(ctx, nmData, peerID, peersCustomZone, c.accountManagerMetrics)
+	dnsFwdPort := ComputeForwarderPortFromData(nmData.Peers, network_map.DnsForwarderPortMinVersion)
 
-func (c *Controller) onPeersAddedUpdNetworkMapCache(account *types.Account, peerIds ...string) {
-	c.enrichAccountFromHolder(account)
-	account.OnPeersAddedUpdNetworkMapCache(peerIds...)
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) onPeerDeletedUpdNetworkMapCache(account *types.Account, peerId string) error {
-	c.enrichAccountFromHolder(account)
-	return account.OnPeerDeletedUpdNetworkMapCache(peerId)
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) UpdatePeerInNetworkMapCache(accountId string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) {
-	account := c.getAccountFromHolder(accountId)
-	if account == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	account.UpdatePeerInNetworkMapCache(peer)
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) recalculateNetworkMapCache(account *types.Account, validatedPeers map[string]struct{}) {
-	account.RecalculateNetworkMapCache(validatedPeers)
-	c.updateAccountInHolder(account)
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) RecalculateNetworkMapCache(ctx context.Context, accountId string) error {
-	if c.experimentalNetworkMap(accountId) {
-		account, err := c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountId)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		validatedPeers, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, maps.Values(account.Groups), maps.Values(account.Peers), account.Settings.Extra)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get validate peers: %v", err)
-			return err
-		}
-		c.recalculateNetworkMapCache(account, validatedPeers)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) experimentalNetworkMap(accountId string) bool {
-	_, ok := c.expNewNetworkMapAIDs[accountId]
-	return c.expNewNetworkMap || ok
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) enrichAccountFromHolder(account *types.Account) {
-	a := c.holder.GetAccount(account.Id)
-	if a == nil {
-		c.holder.AddAccount(account)
-		return
-	}
-	account.NetworkMapCache = a.NetworkMapCache
-	if account.NetworkMapCache == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	c.holder.AddAccount(account)
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) getAccountFromHolder(accountID string) *types.Account {
-	return c.holder.GetAccount(accountID)
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) getAccountFromHolderOrInit(ctx context.Context, accountID string) *types.Account {
-	a := c.holder.GetAccount(accountID)
-	if a != nil {
-		return a
-	}
-	account, err := c.holder.LoadOrStoreFunc(ctx, accountID, c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return account
-}
-
-func (c *Controller) updateAccountInHolder(account *types.Account) {
-	c.holder.AddAccount(account)
+	return networkMap, postureChecks, dnsFwdPort, nil
 }
 
 // GetDNSDomain returns the configured dnsDomain
@@ -633,7 +1222,7 @@ func (c *Controller) GetDNSDomain(settings *types.Settings) string {
 }
 
 // getPeerPostureChecks returns the posture checks applied for a given peer.
-func (c *Controller) getPeerPostureChecks(account *types.Account, peerID string) ([]*posture.Checks, error) {
+func (c *Controller) getPeerPostureChecks(account *types.Account, peerID string) ([]*nmdata.PostureChecks, error) {
 	peerPostureChecks := make(map[string]*posture.Checks)
 
 	if len(account.PostureChecks) == 0 {
@@ -650,7 +1239,7 @@ func (c *Controller) getPeerPostureChecks(account *types.Account, peerID string)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return maps.Values(peerPostureChecks), nil
+	return types.TwinPostureChecksList(maps.Values(peerPostureChecks)), nil
 }
 
 func (c *Controller) StartWarmup(ctx context.Context) {
@@ -682,20 +1271,36 @@ func (c *Controller) StartWarmup(ctx context.Context) {
 // computeForwarderPort checks if all peers in the account have updated to a specific version or newer.
 // If all peers have the required version, it returns the new well-known port (22054), otherwise returns 0.
 func computeForwarderPort(peers []*nbpeer.Peer, requiredVersion string) int64 {
-	if len(peers) == 0 {
+	versions := make([]string, 0, len(peers))
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		versions = append(versions, peer.Meta.WtVersion)
+	}
+	return computeForwarderPortFromVersions(versions, requiredVersion)
+}
+
+func ComputeForwarderPortFromData(peers map[string]*nmdata.Peer, requiredVersion string) int64 {
+	versions := make([]string, 0, len(peers))
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		versions = append(versions, peer.Meta.WtVersion)
+	}
+	return computeForwarderPortFromVersions(versions, requiredVersion)
+}
+
+func computeForwarderPortFromVersions(wtVersions []string, requiredVersion string) int64 {
+	if len(wtVersions) == 0 {
 		return int64(network_map.OldForwarderPort)
 	}
 
 	reqVer := semver.Canonical(requiredVersion)
 
 	// Check if all peers have the required version or newer
-	for _, peer := range peers {
+	for _, wtVersion := range wtVersions {
 
 		// Development version is always supported
-		if peer.Meta.WtVersion == "development" {
+		if version.IsDevelopmentVersion(wtVersion) {
 			continue
 		}
-		peerVersion := semver.Canonical("v" + peer.Meta.WtVersion)
+		peerVersion := semver.Canonical("v" + wtVersion)
 		if peerVersion == "" {
 			// If any peer doesn't have version info, return 0
 			return int64(network_map.OldForwarderPort)
@@ -713,7 +1318,7 @@ func computeForwarderPort(peers []*nbpeer.Peer, requiredVersion string) int64 {
 
 // addPolicyPostureChecks adds posture checks from a policy to the peer posture checks map if the peer is in the policy's source groups.
 func addPolicyPostureChecks(account *types.Account, peerID string, policy *types.Policy, peerPostureChecks map[string]*posture.Checks) error {
-	isInGroup, err := isPeerInPolicySourceGroups(account, peerID, policy)
+	isInGroup, err := isPeerInPolicySources(account, peerID, policy)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -733,13 +1338,17 @@ func addPolicyPostureChecks(account *types.Account, peerID string, policy *types
 	return nil
 }
 
-// isPeerInPolicySourceGroups checks if a peer is present in any of the policy rule source groups.
-func isPeerInPolicySourceGroups(account *types.Account, peerID string, policy *types.Policy) (bool, error) {
+// isPeerInPolicySources checks if a peer is a source of the policy, directly or through a source group.
+func isPeerInPolicySources(account *types.Account, peerID string, policy *types.Policy) (bool, error) {
 	for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
 		if !rule.Enabled {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		if rule.SourceResource.Type == types.ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID == peerID {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+
 		for _, sourceGroup := range rule.Sources {
 			group := account.GetGroup(sourceGroup)
 			if group == nil {
@@ -755,38 +1364,24 @@ func isPeerInPolicySourceGroups(account *types.Account, peerID string, policy *t
 	return false, nil
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) OnPeersUpdated(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error {
-	peers, err := c.repo.GetPeersByIDs(ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get peers by ids: %w", err)
+func (c *Controller) OnPeersUpdated(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, affectedPeerIDs []string) error {
+	if len(affectedPeerIDs) == 0 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("no affected peers for peer update in account %s, skipping", accountID)
+		return nil
 	}
-
-	for _, peer := range peers {
-		c.UpdatePeerInNetworkMapCache(accountID, peer)
-	}
-
-	err = c.bufferSendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to buffer update account peers for peer update in account %s: %v", accountID, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return c.BufferUpdateAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, affectedPeerIDs, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourcePeer, Operation: types.UpdateOperationUpdate})
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) OnPeersAdded(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error {
+func (c *Controller) OnPeersAdded(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, affectedPeerIDs []string) error {
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("OnPeersAdded call to add peers: %v", peerIDs)
-	if c.experimentalNetworkMap(accountID) {
-		account, err := c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peers are ready to be added to networkmap cache: %v", peerIDs)
-		c.onPeersAddedUpdNetworkMapCache(account, peerIDs...)
+	if len(affectedPeerIDs) == 0 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("no affected peers for peer add in account %s, skipping", accountID)
+		return nil
 	}
-	return c.bufferSendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	return c.BufferUpdateAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, affectedPeerIDs, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourcePeer, Operation: types.UpdateOperationCreate})
 }
 
-func (c *Controller) OnPeersDeleted(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error {
+func (c *Controller) OnPeersDeleted(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, affectedPeerIDs []string) error {
 	network, err := c.repo.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -810,29 +1405,20 @@ func (c *Controller) OnPeersDeleted(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerI
 					FirewallRules:        []*proto.FirewallRule{},
 					FirewallRulesIsEmpty: true,
 					DNSConfig: &proto.DNSConfig{
-						ForwarderPort: dnsFwdPort,
+						ForwarderPort: dnsFwdPort, //nolint:staticcheck
 					},
 				},
 			},
 			MessageType: network_map.MessageTypeNetworkMap,
 		})
 		c.peersUpdateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peerID)
-
-		if c.experimentalNetworkMap(accountID) {
-			account, err := c.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get account %s: %v", accountID, err)
-				continue
-			}
-			err = c.onPeerDeletedUpdNetworkMapCache(account, peerID)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to update network map cache for deleted peer %s in account %s: %v", peerID, accountID, err)
-				continue
-			}
-		}
 	}
 
-	return c.bufferSendUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	if len(affectedPeerIDs) == 0 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("no affected peers for peer delete in account %s, skipping", accountID)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return c.BufferUpdateAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, affectedPeerIDs, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourcePeer, Operation: types.UpdateOperationDelete})
 }
 
 // GetNetworkMap returns Network map for a given peer (omits original peer from the Peers result)
@@ -852,7 +1438,12 @@ func (c *Controller) GetNetworkMap(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types.N
 		groups[groupID] = group.Peers
 	}
 
-	validatedPeers, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, maps.Values(account.Groups), maps.Values(account.Peers), account.Settings.Extra)
+	extraSettings, err := c.settingsManager.GetExtraSettings(ctx, account.Id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	validatedPeers, err := c.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, account.Id, types.TwinGroups(maps.Values(account.Groups)), types.TwinPeers(maps.Values(account.Peers)), extraSettings)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -872,21 +1463,11 @@ func (c *Controller) GetNetworkMap(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types.N
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	var networkMap *types.NetworkMap
-
-	if c.experimentalNetworkMap(peer.AccountID) {
-		networkMap = c.getPeerNetworkMapExp(ctx, peer.AccountID, peerID, validatedPeers, peersCustomZone, accountZones, nil)
-	} else {
-		account.InjectProxyPolicies(ctx)
-		resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-		routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-		groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
-		if c.compactedNetworkMap {
-			networkMap = account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peer.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupIDToUserIDs)
-		} else {
-			networkMap = account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, peer.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupIDToUserIDs)
-		}
-	}
+	c.injectAllProxyPolicies(ctx, account)
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+	networkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peer.ID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupIDToUserIDs)
 
 	proxyNetworkMap, ok := proxyNetworkMaps[peer.ID]
 	if ok {
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller_test.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller_test.go
index 90e7b6e18..dfbbb2915 100644
--- a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/controller_test.go
@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
 package controller
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 func TestComputeForwarderPort(t *testing.T) {
@@ -107,3 +112,22 @@ func TestComputeForwarderPort(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Expected %d for peers with unknown version, got %d", network_map.OldForwarderPort, result)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestGetValidatedPeerWithComponents_DeletedPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mockrequestBuffer := account.NewMockRequestBuffer(ctrl)
+
+	c := Controller{
+		requestBuffer: mockrequestBuffer,
+	}
+
+	mockrequestBuffer.EXPECT().GetAccountWithBackpressure(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(&types.Account{}, nil)
+	peer, components, netmap, posturechecks, dnsforwardPort, err := c.GetValidatedPeerWithComponents(context.TODO(), false, "test-account-id", &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "test-peer-id"})
+
+	assert.Nil(t, peer)
+	assert.Nil(t, components)
+	assert.Nil(t, netmap)
+	assert.Nil(t, posturechecks)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), dnsforwardPort)
+	assert.NotNil(t, err)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/ipv6_allowed_test.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/ipv6_allowed_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c80f3b734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/ipv6_allowed_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+// The account-side builder (types.Account.peerIPv6AllowedSet) is the reference:
+// an account with no IPv6-enabled group runs no IPv6 overlay at all, embedded
+// proxy peers included — see TestPeerIPv6AllowedEmbeddedProxy. Both builders
+// gate the same AAAA records, so the store-backed one has to agree.
+func TestIPv6AllowedPeersFromData(t *testing.T) {
+	data := func(enabledGroups []string) *networkmap.NetworkMapData {
+		return &networkmap.NetworkMapData{
+			AccountSettings: &nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{IPv6EnabledGroups: enabledGroups},
+			Peers: map[string]*nmdata.Peer{
+				"peer1":  {ID: "peer1"},
+				"lonely": {ID: "lonely"},
+				"proxy":  {ID: "proxy", ProxyMeta: nmdata.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true, Cluster: "netbird.test"}},
+			},
+			Groups: map[string]*nmdata.Group{
+				"group-devs": {ID: "group-devs", Peers: []string{"peer1"}},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("embedded proxy allowed when any v6 group exists, without group membership", func(t *testing.T) {
+		allowed := IPv6AllowedPeersFromData(data([]string{"group-devs"}))
+		assert.Contains(t, allowed, "proxy", "embedded proxy participates in v6 overlay")
+		assert.Contains(t, allowed, "peer1", "regular peer in enabled group still allowed")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("embedded proxy denied when no v6 group enabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		allowed := IPv6AllowedPeersFromData(data(nil))
+		assert.NotContains(t, allowed, "proxy", "v6 disabled account-wide denies embedded proxies too")
+		assert.Empty(t, allowed, "no peer participates in the v6 overlay")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-embedded peer outside any enabled group is not pulled in", func(t *testing.T) {
+		allowed := IPv6AllowedPeersFromData(data([]string{"group-devs"}))
+		assert.NotContains(t, allowed, "lonely", "embedded-proxy bypass must not leak to regular peers")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/posture_twin_test.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/posture_twin_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98e0991d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/posture_twin_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package controller
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+func postureSelectionData(policies ...*nmdata.Policy) *networkmap.NetworkMapData {
+	return &networkmap.NetworkMapData{
+		Groups:   map[string]*nmdata.Group{"g-src": {ID: "g-src", Peers: []string{"peer-group"}}},
+		Policies: policies,
+		PostureChecks: map[string]*nmdata.PostureChecks{
+			"pc1": {ID: "pc1", Checks: nmdata.ChecksDefinition{NBVersionCheck: &nmdata.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.30.0"}}},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func gatedPolicy(id string, rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, checkIDs ...string) *nmdata.Policy {
+	return &nmdata.Policy{ID: id, Enabled: true, SourcePostureChecks: checkIDs, Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{rule}}
+}
+
+func checkIDs(checks []*nmdata.PostureChecks) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(checks))
+	for _, c := range checks {
+		ids = append(ids, c.ID)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func TestPeerPostureChecksFromData_SelectsPolicySourcePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	groupRule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{ID: "r-group", Enabled: true, Sources: []string{"g-src"}, Destinations: []string{"g-dst"}}
+	directRule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{ID: "r-direct", Enabled: true, SourceResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: "peer-direct", Type: string(types.ResourceTypePeer)}, Destinations: []string{"g-dst"}}
+
+	t.Run("source group member and direct source peer both get the checks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmData := postureSelectionData(gatedPolicy("p1", groupRule, "pc1"), gatedPolicy("p2", directRule, "pc1"))
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"pc1"}, checkIDs(peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData, "peer-group")))
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"pc1"}, checkIDs(peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData, "peer-direct")))
+		assert.Empty(t, peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData, "peer-elsewhere"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("source resource of a non-peer type never matches a peer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		hostRule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{ID: "r-host", Enabled: true, SourceResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: "peer-direct", Type: string(types.ResourceTypeHost)}, Destinations: []string{"g-dst"}}
+		nmData := postureSelectionData(gatedPolicy("p1", hostRule, "pc1"))
+
+		assert.Empty(t, peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData, "peer-direct"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("same check through two policies is returned once", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmData := postureSelectionData(gatedPolicy("p1", groupRule, "pc1"), gatedPolicy("p2", groupRule, "pc1"))
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"pc1"}, checkIDs(peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData, "peer-group")))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disabled policy, disabled rule and dangling check are ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
+		disabledPolicy := gatedPolicy("p-off", groupRule, "pc1")
+		disabledPolicy.Enabled = false
+		disabledRule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{ID: "r-off", Enabled: false, Sources: []string{"g-src"}}
+		nmData := postureSelectionData(disabledPolicy, gatedPolicy("p-rule-off", disabledRule, "pc1"), gatedPolicy("p-dangling", groupRule, "pc-missing"))
+
+		assert.Empty(t, peerPostureChecksFromData(nmData, "peer-group"))
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/repository.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/repository.go
index caef362cb..5c3195f16 100644
--- a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/repository.go
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/repository.go
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@ package controller
 import (
 	"context"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 )
 
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -source=./repository.go -package=controller -destination=repository_mock.go
+
 type Repository interface {
 	GetAccountNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Network, error)
 	GetAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*peer.Peer, error)
@@ -16,6 +20,11 @@ type Repository interface {
 	GetPeersByIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) (map[string]*peer.Peer, error)
 	GetPeerByID(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerID string) (*peer.Peer, error)
 	GetAccountZones(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*zones.Zone, error)
+	// SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices returns the in-memory reverse-proxy
+	// services synthesised from the account's agent-network provider/policy
+	// state. Empty for accounts without agent-network providers.
+	SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*service.Service, error)
+	GetAccountServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*service.Service, error)
 }
 
 type repository struct {
@@ -50,6 +59,14 @@ func (r *repository) GetPeerByID(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerID s
 	return r.store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peerID)
 }
 
+func (r *repository) SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*service.Service, error) {
+	return agentnetwork.SynthesizeServices(ctx, r.store, accountID)
+}
+
+func (r *repository) GetAccountServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*service.Service, error) {
+	return r.store.GetAccountServices(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+}
+
 func (r *repository) GetAccountZones(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*zones.Zone, error) {
 	return r.store.GetAccountZones(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/repository_mock.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/repository_mock.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5246eef4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/repository_mock.go
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
+// Source: ./repository.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -source=./repository.go -package=controller -destination=repository_mock.go
+//
+
+// Package controller is a generated GoMock package.
+package controller
+
+import (
+	context "context"
+	reflect "reflect"
+
+	service "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	zones "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
+	peer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+)
+
+// MockRepository is a mock of Repository interface.
+type MockRepository struct {
+	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
+	recorder *MockRepositoryMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
+}
+
+// MockRepositoryMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockRepository.
+type MockRepositoryMockRecorder struct {
+	mock *MockRepository
+}
+
+// NewMockRepository creates a new mock instance.
+func NewMockRepository(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockRepository {
+	mock := &MockRepository{ctrl: ctrl}
+	mock.recorder = &MockRepositoryMockRecorder{mock}
+	return mock
+}
+
+// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
+func (m *MockRepository) EXPECT() *MockRepositoryMockRecorder {
+	return m.recorder
+}
+
+// GetAccountByPeerID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockRepository) GetAccountByPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types.Account, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountByPeerID", ctx, peerID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Account)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountByPeerID indicates an expected call of GetAccountByPeerID.
+func (mr *MockRepositoryMockRecorder) GetAccountByPeerID(ctx, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountByPeerID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockRepository)(nil).GetAccountByPeerID), ctx, peerID)
+}
+
+// GetAccountNetwork mocks base method.
+func (m *MockRepository) GetAccountNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Network, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountNetwork", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Network)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountNetwork indicates an expected call of GetAccountNetwork.
+func (mr *MockRepositoryMockRecorder) GetAccountNetwork(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountNetwork", reflect.TypeOf((*MockRepository)(nil).GetAccountNetwork), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetAccountPeers mocks base method.
+func (m *MockRepository) GetAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*peer.Peer, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountPeers", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*peer.Peer)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountPeers indicates an expected call of GetAccountPeers.
+func (mr *MockRepositoryMockRecorder) GetAccountPeers(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockRepository)(nil).GetAccountPeers), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetAccountZones mocks base method.
+func (m *MockRepository) GetAccountZones(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*zones.Zone, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountZones", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*zones.Zone)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountZones indicates an expected call of GetAccountZones.
+func (mr *MockRepositoryMockRecorder) GetAccountZones(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountZones", reflect.TypeOf((*MockRepository)(nil).GetAccountZones), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetPeerByID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockRepository) GetPeerByID(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) (*peer.Peer, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeerByID", ctx, accountID, peerID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetPeerByID indicates an expected call of GetPeerByID.
+func (mr *MockRepositoryMockRecorder) GetPeerByID(ctx, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockRepository)(nil).GetPeerByID), ctx, accountID, peerID)
+}
+
+// GetPeersByIDs mocks base method.
+func (m *MockRepository) GetPeersByIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) (map[string]*peer.Peer, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeersByIDs", ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(map[string]*peer.Peer)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetPeersByIDs indicates an expected call of GetPeersByIDs.
+func (mr *MockRepositoryMockRecorder) GetPeersByIDs(ctx, accountID, peerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeersByIDs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockRepository)(nil).GetPeersByIDs), ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+}
+
+// SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices mocks base method.
+func (m *MockRepository) SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*service.Service, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*service.Service)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices indicates an expected call of SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices.
+func (mr *MockRepositoryMockRecorder) SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockRepository)(nil).SynthesizeAgentNetworkServices), ctx, accountID)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface.go
index 64caac861..1e8c219b3 100644
--- a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface.go
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface.go
@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@
 package network_map
 
-//go:generate go run go.uber.org/mock/mockgen -package network_map -destination=interface_mock.go -source=./interface.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package network_map -destination=interface_mock.go -source=./interface.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
 
 import (
 	"context"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 )
 
 const (
-	EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder  = "NB_EXPERIMENT_NETWORK_MAP"
-	EnvNewNetworkMapAccounts = "NB_EXPERIMENT_NETWORK_MAP_ACCOUNTS"
-
 	DnsForwarderPort           = nbdns.ForwarderServerPort
 	OldForwarderPort           = nbdns.ForwarderClientPort
 	DnsForwarderPortMinVersion = "v0.59.0"
 )
 
 type Controller interface {
-	UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error
+	UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) error
+	UpdateAffectedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error
+	BufferUpdateAffectedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, reason types.UpdateReason) error
 	UpdateAccountPeer(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerId string) error
-	BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error
-	GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx context.Context, isRequiresApproval bool, accountID string, p *nbpeer.Peer) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error)
+	BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) error
+	GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx context.Context, isRequiresApproval bool, accountID string, peerID string) (*types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error)
+	GetValidatedPeerWithComponents(ctx context.Context, isRequiresApproval bool, accountID string, p *nbpeer.Peer) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMapComponents, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error)
 	GetDNSDomain(settings *types.Settings) string
 	StartWarmup(context.Context)
 	GetNetworkMap(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types.NetworkMap, error)
 	CountStreams() int
 
-	OnPeersUpdated(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerIDs []string) error
-	OnPeersAdded(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error
-	OnPeersDeleted(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error
+	OnPeersUpdated(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerIDs []string, affectedPeerIDs []string) error
+	OnPeersAdded(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, affectedPeerIDs []string) error
+	OnPeersDeleted(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, affectedPeerIDs []string) error
 	DisconnectPeers(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerIDs []string)
 	OnPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerID string) (chan *UpdateMessage, error)
 	OnPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerID string)
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface_mock.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface_mock.go
index 4e86d2973..8b104dfa0 100644
--- a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface_mock.go
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface_mock.go
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
-// Source: management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface.go
+// Source: ./interface.go
 //
 // Generated by this command:
 //
-//	mockgen -package network_map -destination=management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface_mock.go -source=management/internals/controllers/network_map/interface.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//	mockgen -package network_map -destination=interface_mock.go -source=./interface.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
 //
 
 // Package network_map is a generated GoMock package.
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import (
 	reflect "reflect"
 
 	peer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	posture "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	nmdata "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
@@ -44,17 +44,31 @@ func (m *MockController) EXPECT() *MockControllerMockRecorder {
 }
 
 // BufferUpdateAccountPeers mocks base method.
-func (m *MockController) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
+func (m *MockController) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "BufferUpdateAccountPeers", ctx, accountID)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "BufferUpdateAccountPeers", ctx, accountID, reason)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // BufferUpdateAccountPeers indicates an expected call of BufferUpdateAccountPeers.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "BufferUpdateAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).BufferUpdateAccountPeers), ctx, accountID)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "BufferUpdateAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).BufferUpdateAccountPeers), ctx, accountID, reason)
+}
+
+// BufferUpdateAffectedPeers mocks base method.
+func (m *MockController) BufferUpdateAffectedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, reason types.UpdateReason) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "BufferUpdateAffectedPeers", ctx, accountID, peerIDs, reason)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// BufferUpdateAffectedPeers indicates an expected call of BufferUpdateAffectedPeers.
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) BufferUpdateAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, peerIDs, reason any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "BufferUpdateAffectedPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).BufferUpdateAffectedPeers), ctx, accountID, peerIDs, reason)
 }
 
 // CountStreams mocks base method.
@@ -112,22 +126,40 @@ func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) GetNetworkMap(ctx, peerID any) *gomock.Cal
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkMap", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).GetNetworkMap), ctx, peerID)
 }
 
-// GetValidatedPeerWithMap mocks base method.
-func (m *MockController) GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx context.Context, isRequiresApproval bool, accountID string, p *peer.Peer) (*peer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) {
+// GetValidatedPeerWithComponents mocks base method.
+func (m *MockController) GetValidatedPeerWithComponents(ctx context.Context, isRequiresApproval bool, accountID string, p *peer.Peer) (*peer.Peer, *types.NetworkMapComponents, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetValidatedPeerWithMap", ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, p)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetValidatedPeerWithComponents", ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, p)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(*types.NetworkMap)
-	ret2, _ := ret[2].([]*posture.Checks)
-	ret3, _ := ret[3].(int64)
-	ret4, _ := ret[4].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1, ret2, ret3, ret4
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(*types.NetworkMapComponents)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(*types.NetworkMap)
+	ret3, _ := ret[3].([]*nmdata.PostureChecks)
+	ret4, _ := ret[4].(int64)
+	ret5, _ := ret[5].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2, ret3, ret4, ret5
+}
+
+// GetValidatedPeerWithComponents indicates an expected call of GetValidatedPeerWithComponents.
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) GetValidatedPeerWithComponents(ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, p any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetValidatedPeerWithComponents", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).GetValidatedPeerWithComponents), ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, p)
+}
+
+// GetValidatedPeerWithMap mocks base method.
+func (m *MockController) GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx context.Context, isRequiresApproval bool, accountID, peerID string) (*types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetValidatedPeerWithMap", ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, peerID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.NetworkMap)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].([]*nmdata.PostureChecks)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(int64)
+	ret3, _ := ret[3].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2, ret3
 }
 
 // GetValidatedPeerWithMap indicates an expected call of GetValidatedPeerWithMap.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, p any) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetValidatedPeerWithMap", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).GetValidatedPeerWithMap), ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, p)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetValidatedPeerWithMap", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).GetValidatedPeerWithMap), ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, peerID)
 }
 
 // OnPeerConnected mocks base method.
@@ -158,45 +190,45 @@ func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) OnPeerDisconnected(ctx, accountID, peerID
 }
 
 // OnPeersAdded mocks base method.
-func (m *MockController) OnPeersAdded(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error {
+func (m *MockController) OnPeersAdded(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs []string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "OnPeersAdded", ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "OnPeersAdded", ctx, accountID, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // OnPeersAdded indicates an expected call of OnPeersAdded.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) OnPeersAdded(ctx, accountID, peerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) OnPeersAdded(ctx, accountID, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnPeersAdded", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).OnPeersAdded), ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnPeersAdded", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).OnPeersAdded), ctx, accountID, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs)
 }
 
 // OnPeersDeleted mocks base method.
-func (m *MockController) OnPeersDeleted(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error {
+func (m *MockController) OnPeersDeleted(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs []string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "OnPeersDeleted", ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "OnPeersDeleted", ctx, accountID, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // OnPeersDeleted indicates an expected call of OnPeersDeleted.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) OnPeersDeleted(ctx, accountID, peerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) OnPeersDeleted(ctx, accountID, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnPeersDeleted", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).OnPeersDeleted), ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnPeersDeleted", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).OnPeersDeleted), ctx, accountID, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs)
 }
 
 // OnPeersUpdated mocks base method.
-func (m *MockController) OnPeersUpdated(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerIDs []string) error {
+func (m *MockController) OnPeersUpdated(ctx context.Context, accountId string, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs []string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "OnPeersUpdated", ctx, accountId, peerIDs)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "OnPeersUpdated", ctx, accountId, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // OnPeersUpdated indicates an expected call of OnPeersUpdated.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountId, peerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountId, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnPeersUpdated", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).OnPeersUpdated), ctx, accountId, peerIDs)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnPeersUpdated", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).OnPeersUpdated), ctx, accountId, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs)
 }
 
 // StartWarmup mocks base method.
@@ -238,15 +270,29 @@ func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) UpdateAccountPeer(ctx, accountId, peerId a
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountPeers mocks base method.
-func (m *MockController) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
+func (m *MockController) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateAccountPeers", ctx, accountID)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateAccountPeers", ctx, accountID, reason)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountPeers indicates an expected call of UpdateAccountPeers.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).UpdateAccountPeers), ctx, accountID)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).UpdateAccountPeers), ctx, accountID, reason)
+}
+
+// UpdateAffectedPeers mocks base method.
+func (m *MockController) UpdateAffectedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateAffectedPeers", ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// UpdateAffectedPeers indicates an expected call of UpdateAffectedPeers.
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) UpdateAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, peerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAffectedPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).UpdateAffectedPeers), ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/canonicalize.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/canonicalize.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec6614d81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/canonicalize.go
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+package nmaptest
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// normalizeIDSpace replaces policy and route identifiers with positional
+// placeholders so a comparison can reach everything else.
+//
+// This exists only because the envelope round-trip currently substitutes each
+// internal xid with the object's public id, which is a tracked defect and not a
+// licence to differ: those identifiers reach the server again inside flow
+// events, which resolve them by internal id, so the substitution silently
+// breaks flow attribution for component-format peers. TestIDSpaceMatches
+// asserts the equality that must eventually hold; this erasure keeps the other
+// 40-odd cases reporting on semantics meanwhile. When the id space is unified,
+// delete this and the calls to it — every case should still pass.
+//
+// Cardinality and cross-references survive the erasure: two rules under one
+// policy still share a token and a route firewall rule still points at its
+// route, so a path that drops a policy, merges two policies, or misattributes a
+// rule to the wrong route still fails.
+func normalizeIDSpace(nm *proto.NetworkMap) {
+	if nm == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	policies := newTokenizer("policy")
+	routes := newTokenizer("route")
+
+	for _, i := range orderBy(nm.Routes, routeKeyWithoutID) {
+		nm.Routes[i].ID = routes.get(nm.Routes[i].ID)
+	}
+	for _, i := range orderBy(nm.FirewallRules, firewallKeyWithoutPolicy) {
+		r := nm.FirewallRules[i]
+		if len(r.PolicyID) > 0 {
+			r.PolicyID = []byte(policies.get(string(r.PolicyID)))
+		}
+	}
+	for _, i := range orderBy(nm.RoutesFirewallRules, routeFirewallKeyWithoutIDs) {
+		r := nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i]
+		if len(r.PolicyID) > 0 {
+			r.PolicyID = []byte(policies.get(string(r.PolicyID)))
+		}
+		r.RouteID = routes.get(r.RouteID)
+	}
+}
+
+// tokenizer maps identifiers to positional placeholders in order of first use.
+type tokenizer struct {
+	prefix string
+	seen   map[string]string
+}
+
+func newTokenizer(prefix string) *tokenizer {
+	return &tokenizer{prefix: prefix, seen: make(map[string]string)}
+}
+
+func (t *tokenizer) get(id string) string {
+	if id == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if tok, ok := t.seen[id]; ok {
+		return tok
+	}
+	tok := fmt.Sprintf("%s#%d", t.prefix, len(t.seen))
+	t.seen[id] = tok
+	return tok
+}
+
+// orderBy returns indices sorted by key, so placeholder numbering does not
+// depend on the identifiers being erased.
+func orderBy[T any](items []T, key func(T) string) []int {
+	idx := make([]int, len(items))
+	for i := range idx {
+		idx[i] = i
+	}
+	sort.SliceStable(idx, func(a, b int) bool { return key(items[idx[a]]) < key(items[idx[b]]) })
+	return idx
+}
+
+func routeKeyWithoutID(r *proto.Route) string {
+	if r == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s|%s|%s|%d|%d|%t|%t|%v",
+		r.Network, r.NetID, r.Peer, r.Metric, r.NetworkType, r.Masquerade, r.KeepRoute, r.Domains)
+}
+
+func firewallKeyWithoutPolicy(r *proto.FirewallRule) string {
+	if r == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s|%d|%d|%d|%s|%s|%v",
+		r.PeerIP, r.Direction, r.Action, r.Protocol, r.Port, portInfoKey(r.PortInfo), r.SourcePrefixes) //nolint:staticcheck
+}
+
+func routeFirewallKeyWithoutIDs(r *proto.RouteFirewallRule) string {
+	if r == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s|%d|%d|%s|%v|%v|%t|%d",
+		r.Destination, r.Protocol, r.Action, portInfoKey(r.PortInfo), r.Domains, r.SourceRanges, r.IsDynamic, r.CustomProtocol)
+}
+
+// canonicalize sorts every repeated field of the NetworkMap by a stable key.
+// The producing paths iterate Go maps while building these slices, so order
+// can differ between runs even when the content is identical; comparing
+// without this reports noise.
+func canonicalize(nm *proto.NetworkMap) {
+	if nm == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.RemotePeers, cmpRemotePeer)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.OfflinePeers, cmpRemotePeer)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.Routes, cmpRoute)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.FirewallRules, cmpFirewallRule)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.RoutesFirewallRules, cmpRouteFirewallRule)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.ForwardingRules, cmpForwardingRule)
+
+	for _, r := range nm.FirewallRules {
+		slices.SortFunc(r.SourcePrefixes, bytes.Compare)
+	}
+	for _, r := range nm.RoutesFirewallRules {
+		slices.Sort(r.SourceRanges)
+	}
+	canonicalizeDNSConfig(nm.DNSConfig)
+	canonicalizeSSHAuth(nm.SshAuth)
+}
+
+func canonicalizeDNSConfig(d *proto.DNSConfig) {
+	if d == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, g := range d.NameServerGroups {
+		if g == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		slices.Sort(g.Domains)
+		slices.SortFunc(g.NameServers, func(a, b *proto.NameServer) int {
+			if a == nil || b == nil {
+				return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+			}
+			if c := cmp.Compare(a.IP, b.IP); c != 0 {
+				return c
+			}
+			if c := cmp.Compare(a.Port, b.Port); c != 0 {
+				return c
+			}
+			return cmp.Compare(a.NSType, b.NSType)
+		})
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(d.NameServerGroups, func(a, b *proto.NameServerGroup) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(nsgKey(a), nsgKey(b))
+	})
+	for _, z := range d.CustomZones {
+		if z == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		slices.SortFunc(z.Records, cmpSimpleRecord)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(d.CustomZones, func(a, b *proto.CustomZone) int {
+		if a == nil || b == nil {
+			return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+		}
+		return cmp.Compare(a.Domain, b.Domain)
+	})
+}
+
+// canonicalizeSSHAuth sorts AuthorizedUsers and re-keys MachineUsers.Indexes
+// against the new ordering, preserving which machine user maps to which hashes.
+func canonicalizeSSHAuth(s *proto.SSHAuth) {
+	if s == nil || len(s.AuthorizedUsers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	type hashed struct {
+		bytes []byte
+		old   uint32
+	}
+	entries := make([]hashed, len(s.AuthorizedUsers))
+	for i, b := range s.AuthorizedUsers {
+		entries[i] = hashed{bytes: b, old: uint32(i)}
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(entries, func(a, b hashed) int { return bytes.Compare(a.bytes, b.bytes) })
+
+	remap := make(map[uint32]uint32, len(entries))
+	sorted := make([][]byte, len(entries))
+	for newIdx, e := range entries {
+		remap[e.old] = uint32(newIdx)
+		sorted[newIdx] = e.bytes
+	}
+	s.AuthorizedUsers = sorted
+
+	for _, mu := range s.MachineUsers {
+		if mu == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for i, oldIdx := range mu.Indexes {
+			if newIdx, ok := remap[oldIdx]; ok {
+				mu.Indexes[i] = newIdx
+			}
+		}
+		slices.Sort(mu.Indexes)
+	}
+}
+
+func boolCmp(a, b bool) int {
+	if a == b {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if a {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return -1
+}
+
+func nsgKey(g *proto.NameServerGroup) string {
+	if g == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var parts []string
+	for _, ns := range g.NameServers {
+		if ns == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, ns.IP+":"+strconv.FormatInt(ns.Port, 10)+":"+strconv.FormatInt(ns.NSType, 10))
+	}
+	slices.Sort(parts)
+	key := strings.Join(parts, ",")
+	domains := append([]string(nil), g.Domains...)
+	slices.Sort(domains)
+	key += "|" + strings.Join(domains, "|")
+	if g.Primary {
+		key += "|P"
+	}
+	if g.SearchDomainsEnabled {
+		key += "|S"
+	}
+	return key
+}
+
+func cmpSimpleRecord(a, b *proto.SimpleRecord) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Type, b.Type); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Class, b.Class); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.RData, b.RData); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return cmp.Compare(a.TTL, b.TTL)
+}
+
+func cmpRemotePeer(a, b *proto.RemotePeerConfig) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	return cmp.Compare(a.WgPubKey, b.WgPubKey)
+}
+
+func cmpRoute(a, b *proto.Route) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.ID, b.ID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.NetID, b.NetID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Network, b.Network); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Peer, b.Peer); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Metric, b.Metric); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return slices.Compare(a.Domains, b.Domains)
+}
+
+func cmpFirewallRule(a, b *proto.FirewallRule) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := bytes.Compare(a.PolicyID, b.PolicyID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.PeerIP, b.PeerIP); c != 0 { //nolint:staticcheck
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Direction), int32(b.Direction)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Action), int32(b.Action)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Protocol), int32(b.Protocol)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Port, b.Port); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return cmp.Compare(portInfoKey(a.PortInfo), portInfoKey(b.PortInfo))
+}
+
+func cmpRouteFirewallRule(a, b *proto.RouteFirewallRule) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := bytes.Compare(a.PolicyID, b.PolicyID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.RouteID, b.RouteID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Destination, b.Destination); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Protocol), int32(b.Protocol)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(portInfoKey(a.PortInfo), portInfoKey(b.PortInfo)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Action), int32(b.Action)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := slices.Compare(a.Domains, b.Domains); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := slices.Compare(a.SourceRanges, b.SourceRanges); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.CustomProtocol, b.CustomProtocol); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return boolCmp(a.IsDynamic, b.IsDynamic)
+}
+
+func cmpForwardingRule(a, b *proto.ForwardingRule) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Protocol), int32(b.Protocol)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return bytes.Compare(a.TranslatedAddress, b.TranslatedAddress)
+}
+
+func portInfoKey(pi *proto.PortInfo) string {
+	if pi == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	switch sel := pi.PortSelection.(type) {
+	case *proto.PortInfo_Port:
+		return "P" + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(sel.Port), 10)
+	case *proto.PortInfo_Range_:
+		if sel.Range == nil {
+			return "R"
+		}
+		return "R" + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(sel.Range.Start), 10) + "-" + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(sel.Range.End), 10)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/fixture.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/fixture.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d56285f95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/fixture.go
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+package nmaptest
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+// LoadNetworkMapData reads a fixture holding the NetworkMapData the store
+// would return for one account. Unknown fields are rejected so fixture typos
+// fail loudly instead of silently testing a default.
+func LoadNetworkMapData(path string) (*networkmap.NetworkMapData, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open fixture: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(f)
+	dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
+	var nmData networkmap.NetworkMapData
+	if err := dec.Decode(&nmData); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode fixture %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return &nmData, nil
+}
+
+var defaultNetworkNet = func() net.IPNet {
+	_, ipnet, err := net.ParseCIDR("100.64.0.0/10")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return *ipnet
+}()
+
+// applyFixtureDefaults fills the boilerplate a fixture may omit. Map-keyed
+// objects inherit their key as ID, peers get a deterministic WG-shaped key
+// and their ID as DNS label, PublicIDs default to the internal ID (the
+// envelope encoder puts public IDs on the wire and silently degrades on
+// empty ones), and a nil ValidatedPeers validates every peer — production
+// fills it through the integrated validator, not the store.
+func applyFixtureDefaults(nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData) {
+	if nmData.Network == nil {
+		nmData.Network = &nmdata.Network{}
+	}
+	if nmData.Network.Identifier == "" {
+		nmData.Network.Identifier = "network"
+	}
+	if nmData.Network.Net.IP == nil {
+		nmData.Network.Net = defaultNetworkNet
+	}
+	if nmData.AccountSettings == nil {
+		nmData.AccountSettings = &nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{}
+	}
+	if nmData.DNSSettings == nil {
+		nmData.DNSSettings = &nmdata.DNSSettings{}
+	}
+
+	for id, p := range nmData.Peers {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if p.ID == "" {
+			p.ID = id
+		}
+		if p.Key == "" {
+			p.Key = derivedWgKey(p.ID)
+		}
+		if p.DNSLabel == "" {
+			p.DNSLabel = p.ID
+		}
+	}
+
+	for id, g := range nmData.Groups {
+		if g == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if g.ID == "" {
+			g.ID = id
+		}
+		if g.Name == "" {
+			g.Name = g.ID
+		}
+		if g.PublicID == "" {
+			g.PublicID = g.ID
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, policy := range nmData.Policies {
+		defaultPolicyIDs(policy)
+	}
+	resolveResourcePolicyRefs(nmData)
+
+	for _, r := range nmData.Routes {
+		if r != nil && r.PublicID == "" {
+			r.PublicID = r.ID
+		}
+	}
+	for _, nsg := range nmData.NameServerGroups {
+		if nsg != nil && nsg.PublicID == "" {
+			nsg.PublicID = nsg.ID
+		}
+	}
+	for _, res := range nmData.NetworkResources {
+		if res == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if res.PublicID == "" {
+			res.PublicID = res.ID
+		}
+		defaultXIDMapping(&nmData.NetworkXIDToPublicID, res.NetworkID)
+	}
+	for networkID, routers := range nmData.Routers {
+		defaultXIDMapping(&nmData.NetworkXIDToPublicID, networkID)
+		for _, router := range routers {
+			if router != nil && router.PublicID == "" {
+				router.PublicID = networkID
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for id, pc := range nmData.PostureChecks {
+		if pc == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if pc.ID == "" {
+			pc.ID = id
+		}
+		defaultXIDMapping(&nmData.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID, pc.ID)
+	}
+
+	if nmData.ValidatedPeers == nil {
+		nmData.ValidatedPeers = make(map[string]struct{}, len(nmData.Peers))
+		for id := range nmData.Peers {
+			nmData.ValidatedPeers[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// resolveResourcePolicyRefs lets a fixture name an account policy by ID in
+// ResourcePolicies — {"ID": "pol-x"} with no rules — instead of repeating it.
+// The real store puts the same policy pointer in both places, which is what
+// resolving the reference reproduces.
+func resolveResourcePolicyRefs(nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData) {
+	byID := make(map[string]*nmdata.Policy, len(nmData.Policies))
+	for _, policy := range nmData.Policies {
+		if policy != nil && policy.ID != "" {
+			byID[policy.ID] = policy
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, policies := range nmData.ResourcePolicies {
+		for i, policy := range policies {
+			if policy == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if len(policy.Rules) == 0 {
+				if full, ok := byID[policy.ID]; ok {
+					policies[i] = full
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			defaultPolicyIDs(policy)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func defaultPolicyIDs(policy *nmdata.Policy) {
+	if policy == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if policy.PublicID == "" {
+		policy.PublicID = policy.ID
+	}
+	for i, rule := range policy.Rules {
+		if rule == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if rule.PolicyID == "" {
+			rule.PolicyID = policy.ID
+		}
+		if rule.ID == "" {
+			// Production gives a rule its policy's id (management/server/policy.go:205,
+			// "when policy can contain multiple rules, need refactor"), so a
+			// single-rule policy — the only shape the product can create today —
+			// must be modelled that way or the wire ids come out unrealistic.
+			rule.ID = policy.ID
+			if len(policy.Rules) > 1 {
+				rule.ID = fmt.Sprintf("%s-rule-%d", policy.ID, i)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func defaultXIDMapping(m *map[string]string, id string) {
+	if id == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if *m == nil {
+		*m = make(map[string]string)
+	}
+	if _, ok := (*m)[id]; !ok {
+		(*m)[id] = id
+	}
+}
+
+// derivedWgKey returns a deterministic base64 key of 32 bytes, valid for the
+// envelope decoder's WG-key identity.
+func derivedWgKey(peerID string) string {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(peerID))
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/golden_test.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/golden_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..75c0d57d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/golden_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package nmaptest_test
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest"
+)
+
+func TestNetworkMapGolden(t *testing.T) {
+	nmaptest.RunGoldenDir(t, filepath.Join("testdata", "cases"))
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/legacyaccount.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/legacyaccount.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d6a653f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/legacyaccount.go
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+package nmaptest
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types/legacynmap"
+	nbroute "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	sharedtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+// legacyInput is the account and the four derived arguments main's computation
+// took alongside it. The controller resolved them from the account before
+// calling; the twin carries them as fields, so the fixture is the source for
+// both halves.
+type legacyInput struct {
+	account          *types.Account
+	accountZones     []*zones.Zone
+	validatedPeers   map[string]struct{}
+	resourcePolicies map[string][]*types.Policy
+	routers          map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter
+	groupIDToUserIDs map[string][]string
+}
+
+// legacyInputFromData rebuilds the Account the fixture stands for. A fixture is
+// the value the store returns, and the store's twins carry exactly the state
+// the computation reads, so inverting them reproduces the account main would
+// have loaded — which is what lets one expectation measure all three paths.
+//
+// The inverse is only defined for what a twin carries: fields the builders drop
+// (peer names, policy descriptions, user records behind AllowedUserIDs) come
+// back as the zero value or a minimal stand-in, because no path reads them.
+func legacyInputFromData(accountID string, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData) legacyInput {
+	account := &types.Account{
+		Id:               accountID,
+		Network:          accountNetwork(nmData.Network),
+		Settings:         accountSettings(nmData.AccountSettings),
+		DNSSettings:      types.DNSSettings{DisabledManagementGroups: nmData.DNSSettings.DisabledManagementGroups},
+		Peers:            make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, len(nmData.Peers)),
+		Groups:           make(map[string]*types.Group, len(nmData.Groups)),
+		Policies:         make([]*types.Policy, 0, len(nmData.Policies)),
+		Routes:           make(map[nbroute.ID]*nbroute.Route, len(nmData.Routes)),
+		NameServerGroups: make(map[string]*nbdns.NameServerGroup, len(nmData.NameServerGroups)),
+		NetworkResources: make([]*resourceTypes.NetworkResource, 0, len(nmData.NetworkResources)),
+		PostureChecks:    make([]*posture.Checks, 0, len(nmData.PostureChecks)),
+		Users:            make(map[string]*types.User, len(nmData.AllowedUserIDs)),
+		Services:         accountServices(nmData.Services),
+	}
+
+	for id, p := range nmData.Peers {
+		account.Peers[id] = accountPeer(id, p)
+	}
+	for id, g := range nmData.Groups {
+		account.Groups[id] = accountGroup(id, g)
+	}
+
+	policiesByID := make(map[string]*types.Policy, len(nmData.Policies))
+	for _, p := range nmData.Policies {
+		policy := accountPolicy(p)
+		if policy == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		account.Policies = append(account.Policies, policy)
+		policiesByID[policy.ID] = policy
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range nmData.Routes {
+		route := accountRoute(r)
+		if route != nil {
+			account.Routes[route.ID] = route
+		}
+	}
+	for _, nsg := range nmData.NameServerGroups {
+		group := accountNSG(nsg)
+		if group != nil {
+			account.NameServerGroups[group.ID] = group
+		}
+	}
+	for _, res := range nmData.NetworkResources {
+		if resource := accountNetworkResource(res); resource != nil {
+			account.NetworkResources = append(account.NetworkResources, resource)
+		}
+	}
+	for id, pc := range nmData.PostureChecks {
+		if check := accountPostureChecks(id, pc, nmData.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID[id]); check != nil {
+			account.PostureChecks = append(account.PostureChecks, check)
+		}
+	}
+	for xid, publicID := range nmData.NetworkXIDToPublicID {
+		account.Networks = append(account.Networks, &networkTypes.Network{ID: xid, PublicID: publicID})
+	}
+	// The twin keeps only the ids of the users a peer may be shared with; the
+	// legacy side derives the same set from the account's user records, so a
+	// bare non-blocked regular user per id is enough.
+	for userID := range nmData.AllowedUserIDs {
+		account.Users[userID] = &types.User{Id: userID}
+	}
+
+	// Main's network-map controller synthesised the reverse-proxy ACLs onto the
+	// account and only then derived the resource-policy map, so the frozen copy
+	// has to be fed in that order to stand for what main produced.
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, legacynmap.SynthesizeProxyPolicies(account)...)
+
+	return legacyInput{
+		account:          account,
+		accountZones:     accountZones(nmData.AppliedZoneCandidates),
+		validatedPeers:   nmData.ValidatedPeers,
+		resourcePolicies: account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(),
+		routers:          accountRouters(nmData.Routers),
+		groupIDToUserIDs: nmData.GroupIDToUserIDs,
+	}
+}
+
+// computeLegacy runs the fixture through main's frozen path and its own proto
+// encoder, the one comparison surface the three modes share.
+func computeLegacy(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, legacy legacyInput, peerID string, zone nmdata.CustomZone, dnsDomain string, dnsFwdPort int64) *proto.NetworkMap {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	require.NotNil(t, legacy.account, "legacy mode needs an account rebuilt from the fixture")
+	peer := legacy.account.Peers[peerID]
+	require.NotNil(t, peer, "target peer %q not in rebuilt account", peerID)
+
+	nm := legacynmap.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
+		legacy.account, ctx, peerID, legacyCustomZone(zone), legacy.accountZones, legacy.validatedPeers,
+		legacy.resourcePolicies, legacy.routers, nil, legacy.groupIDToUserIDs,
+	)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm, "legacy path returned no network map for peer %q", peerID)
+
+	return legacynmap.ToProtoNetworkMap(
+		ctx, peer, nm, dnsDomain, legacy.account.Settings, nil, &cache.DNSConfigCache{}, dnsFwdPort,
+	)
+}
+
+// legacyCustomZone converts the peers custom zone the runner computes once for
+// every mode into the shape main's path took.
+func legacyCustomZone(z nmdata.CustomZone) nbdns.CustomZone {
+	zoneRecords := make([]nbdns.SimpleRecord, 0, len(z.Records))
+	for _, r := range z.Records {
+		zoneRecords = append(zoneRecords, nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+			Name:  r.Name,
+			Type:  r.Type,
+			Class: r.Class,
+			TTL:   r.TTL,
+			RData: r.RData,
+		})
+	}
+	return nbdns.CustomZone{
+		Domain:               z.Domain,
+		Records:              zoneRecords,
+		SearchDomainDisabled: z.SearchDomainDisabled,
+		NonAuthoritative:     z.NonAuthoritative,
+	}
+}
+
+func accountNetwork(n *nmdata.Network) *types.Network {
+	if n == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &types.Network{
+		Identifier: n.Identifier,
+		Net:        n.Net,
+		NetV6:      n.NetV6,
+		Dns:        n.Dns,
+		Serial:     uint64(n.Serial),
+	}
+}
+
+func accountSettings(s *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo) *types.Settings {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      s.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:             s.PeerLoginExpiration,
+		PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled: s.PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled,
+		PeerInactivityExpiration:        s.PeerInactivityExpiration,
+		DNSDomain:                       s.DNSDomain,
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:               s.IPv6EnabledGroups,
+		RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled: s.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled,
+		LazyConnectionEnabled:           s.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		AutoUpdateVersion:               s.AutoUpdateVersion,
+		AutoUpdateAlways:                s.AutoUpdateAlways,
+		MetricsPushEnabled:              s.MetricsPushEnabled,
+	}
+}
+
+func accountPeer(id string, p *nmdata.Peer) *nbpeer.Peer {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	networkAddresses := make([]nbpeer.NetworkAddress, 0, len(p.Meta.NetworkAddresses))
+	for _, na := range p.Meta.NetworkAddresses {
+		networkAddresses = append(networkAddresses, nbpeer.NetworkAddress{NetIP: na.NetIP})
+	}
+	files := make([]nbpeer.File, 0, len(p.Meta.Files))
+	for _, f := range p.Meta.Files {
+		files = append(files, nbpeer.File{Path: f.Path, ProcessIsRunning: f.ProcessIsRunning})
+	}
+	return &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:                     id,
+		Key:                    p.Key,
+		SSHKey:                 p.SSHKey,
+		DNSLabel:               p.DNSLabel,
+		UserID:                 p.UserID,
+		SSHEnabled:             p.SSHEnabled,
+		LoginExpirationEnabled: p.LoginExpirationEnabled,
+		LastLogin:              p.LastLogin,
+		IP:                     p.IP,
+		IPv6:                   p.IPv6,
+		ExtraDNSLabels:         p.ExtraDNSLabels,
+		ProxyMeta:              nbpeer.ProxyMeta{Embedded: p.ProxyMeta.Embedded, Cluster: p.ProxyMeta.Cluster},
+		// Connected is what SynthesizePrivateServiceZones gates its records on,
+		// and a fixture peer stands for a peer the store returned, so it is one
+		// the account would have reported connected.
+		Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{RequiresApproval: p.RequiresApproval, Connected: true},
+		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
+			WtVersion:          p.Meta.WtVersion,
+			GoOS:               p.Meta.GoOS,
+			OSVersion:          p.Meta.OSVersion,
+			KernelVersion:      p.Meta.KernelVersion,
+			NetworkAddresses:   networkAddresses,
+			Files:              files,
+			Capabilities:       p.Meta.Capabilities,
+			SyncMessageVersion: p.Meta.SyncMessageVersion,
+			Flags: nbpeer.Flags{
+				ServerSSHAllowed: p.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed,
+				DisableIPv6:      p.Meta.Flags.DisableIPv6,
+			},
+		},
+		Location: nbpeer.Location{
+			CountryCode:  p.Location.CountryCode,
+			CityName:     p.Location.CityName,
+			ConnectionIP: p.Location.ConnectionIP,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func accountGroup(id string, g *nmdata.Group) *types.Group {
+	if g == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &types.Group{
+		ID:       id,
+		Name:     g.Name,
+		PublicID: g.PublicID,
+		Peers:    g.Peers,
+	}
+}
+
+func accountPolicy(p *nmdata.Policy) *types.Policy {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	rules := make([]*types.PolicyRule, 0, len(p.Rules))
+	for _, r := range p.Rules {
+		if r == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		var portRanges []sharedtypes.RulePortRange
+		if r.PortRanges != nil {
+			portRanges = make([]sharedtypes.RulePortRange, len(r.PortRanges))
+			for i, pr := range r.PortRanges {
+				portRanges[i] = sharedtypes.RulePortRange{Start: pr.Start, End: pr.End}
+			}
+		}
+		rules = append(rules, &types.PolicyRule{
+			ID:                  r.ID,
+			PolicyID:            r.PolicyID,
+			Enabled:             r.Enabled,
+			Action:              sharedtypes.PolicyTrafficActionType(r.Action),
+			Protocol:            sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolType(r.Protocol),
+			Bidirectional:       r.Bidirectional,
+			Sources:             r.Sources,
+			Destinations:        r.Destinations,
+			SourceResource:      types.Resource{ID: r.SourceResource.ID, Type: sharedtypes.ResourceType(r.SourceResource.Type)},
+			DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: r.DestinationResource.ID, Type: sharedtypes.ResourceType(r.DestinationResource.Type)},
+			Ports:               r.Ports,
+			PortRanges:          portRanges,
+			AuthorizedGroups:    r.AuthorizedGroups,
+			AuthorizedUser:      r.AuthorizedUser,
+		})
+	}
+	return &types.Policy{
+		ID:                  p.ID,
+		PublicID:            p.PublicID,
+		Enabled:             p.Enabled,
+		SourcePostureChecks: p.SourcePostureChecks,
+		Rules:               rules,
+	}
+}
+
+func accountRoute(r *nmdata.Route) *nbroute.Route {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &nbroute.Route{
+		ID:                  nbroute.ID(r.ID),
+		AccountID:           r.AccountID,
+		PublicID:            r.PublicID,
+		Network:             r.Network,
+		Domains:             r.Domains,
+		KeepRoute:           r.KeepRoute,
+		NetID:               nbroute.NetID(r.NetID),
+		Description:         r.Description,
+		Peer:                r.Peer,
+		PeerID:              r.PeerID,
+		PeerGroups:          r.PeerGroups,
+		NetworkType:         nbroute.NetworkType(r.NetworkType),
+		Masquerade:          r.Masquerade,
+		Metric:              r.Metric,
+		Enabled:             r.Enabled,
+		Groups:              r.Groups,
+		AccessControlGroups: r.AccessControlGroups,
+		SkipAutoApply:       r.SkipAutoApply,
+	}
+}
+
+func accountNSG(n *nmdata.NameServerGroup) *nbdns.NameServerGroup {
+	if n == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	nameServers := make([]nbdns.NameServer, 0, len(n.NameServers))
+	for _, ns := range n.NameServers {
+		nameServers = append(nameServers, nbdns.NameServer{
+			IP:     ns.IP,
+			NSType: nbdns.NameServerType(ns.NSType),
+			Port:   ns.Port,
+		})
+	}
+	return &nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+		ID:                   n.ID,
+		PublicID:             n.PublicID,
+		Name:                 n.Name,
+		Description:          n.Description,
+		NameServers:          nameServers,
+		Groups:               n.Groups,
+		Primary:              n.Primary,
+		Domains:              n.Domains,
+		Enabled:              n.Enabled,
+		SearchDomainsEnabled: n.SearchDomainsEnabled,
+	}
+}
+
+func accountNetworkResource(r *nmdata.NetworkResource) *resourceTypes.NetworkResource {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID:          r.ID,
+		NetworkID:   r.NetworkID,
+		AccountID:   r.AccountID,
+		PublicID:    r.PublicID,
+		Name:        r.Name,
+		Description: r.Description,
+		Type:        resourceTypes.NetworkResourceType(r.Type),
+		Address:     r.Address,
+		Domain:      r.Domain,
+		Prefix:      r.Prefix,
+		Enabled:     r.Enabled,
+	}
+}
+
+func accountPostureChecks(id string, pc *nmdata.PostureChecks, publicID string) *posture.Checks {
+	if pc == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := &posture.Checks{ID: id, PublicID: publicID}
+	def := pc.Checks
+	if def.NBVersionCheck != nil {
+		out.Checks.NBVersionCheck = &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: def.NBVersionCheck.MinVersion}
+	}
+	if def.OSVersionCheck != nil {
+		oc := &posture.OSVersionCheck{}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Android != nil {
+			oc.Android = &posture.MinVersionCheck{MinVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Android.MinVersion}
+		}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Darwin != nil {
+			oc.Darwin = &posture.MinVersionCheck{MinVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Darwin.MinVersion}
+		}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Ios != nil {
+			oc.Ios = &posture.MinVersionCheck{MinVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Ios.MinVersion}
+		}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Linux != nil {
+			oc.Linux = &posture.MinKernelVersionCheck{MinKernelVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Linux.MinKernelVersion}
+		}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Windows != nil {
+			oc.Windows = &posture.MinKernelVersionCheck{MinKernelVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Windows.MinKernelVersion}
+		}
+		out.Checks.OSVersionCheck = oc
+	}
+	if def.GeoLocationCheck != nil {
+		gc := &posture.GeoLocationCheck{Action: def.GeoLocationCheck.Action}
+		for _, loc := range def.GeoLocationCheck.Locations {
+			gc.Locations = append(gc.Locations, posture.Location{CountryCode: loc.CountryCode, CityName: loc.CityName})
+		}
+		out.Checks.GeoLocationCheck = gc
+	}
+	if def.PeerNetworkRangeCheck != nil {
+		out.Checks.PeerNetworkRangeCheck = &posture.PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+			Action: def.PeerNetworkRangeCheck.Action,
+			Ranges: def.PeerNetworkRangeCheck.Ranges,
+		}
+	}
+	if def.ProcessCheck != nil {
+		procs := make([]posture.Process, 0, len(def.ProcessCheck.Processes))
+		for _, p := range def.ProcessCheck.Processes {
+			procs = append(procs, posture.Process{LinuxPath: p.LinuxPath, MacPath: p.MacPath, WindowsPath: p.WindowsPath})
+		}
+		out.Checks.ProcessCheck = &posture.ProcessCheck{Processes: procs}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func accountServices(services []*nmdata.Service) []*service.Service {
+	if len(services) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*service.Service, 0, len(services))
+	for _, svc := range services {
+		if svc == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		targets := make([]*service.Target, 0, len(svc.Targets))
+		for _, t := range svc.Targets {
+			if t == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			target := &service.Target{
+				Enabled:    t.Enabled,
+				Port:       t.Port,
+				Protocol:   t.Protocol,
+				TargetId:   t.TargetID,
+				TargetType: service.TargetType(t.TargetType),
+			}
+			if t.Path != "" {
+				path := t.Path
+				target.Path = &path
+			}
+			targets = append(targets, target)
+		}
+		out = append(out, &service.Service{
+			ID:           svc.ID,
+			Enabled:      svc.Enabled,
+			Private:      svc.Private,
+			Mode:         svc.Mode,
+			ProxyCluster: svc.ProxyCluster,
+			AccessGroups: svc.AccessGroups,
+			Targets:      targets,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// accountZones inverts buildAppliedZoneCandidates. Records come back with the
+// record type the builder mapped them from; a candidate only ever carries the
+// three types it converts.
+func accountZones(candidates []networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate) []*zones.Zone {
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*zones.Zone, 0, len(candidates))
+	for _, candidate := range candidates {
+		zoneRecords := make([]*records.Record, 0, len(candidate.Zone.Records))
+		for _, r := range candidate.Zone.Records {
+			recordType, ok := zoneRecordType(r.Type)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			zoneRecords = append(zoneRecords, &records.Record{
+				Name:    strings.TrimSuffix(r.Name, "."),
+				Type:    recordType,
+				Content: r.RData,
+				TTL:     r.TTL,
+			})
+		}
+		out = append(out, &zones.Zone{
+			ID:                 candidate.Zone.Domain,
+			Domain:             strings.TrimSuffix(candidate.Zone.Domain, "."),
+			Enabled:            true,
+			EnableSearchDomain: !candidate.Zone.SearchDomainDisabled,
+			DistributionGroups: candidate.DistributionGroups,
+			Records:            zoneRecords,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func zoneRecordType(recordType int) (records.RecordType, bool) {
+	switch uint16(recordType) {
+	case dns.TypeA:
+		return records.RecordTypeA, true
+	case dns.TypeAAAA:
+		return records.RecordTypeAAAA, true
+	case dns.TypeCNAME:
+		return records.RecordTypeCNAME, true
+	default:
+		return "", false
+	}
+}
+
+func accountRouters(routers map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter) map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter {
+	if len(routers) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, len(routers))
+	for networkID, inner := range routers {
+		converted := make(map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, len(inner))
+		for peerID, router := range inner {
+			if router == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			converted[peerID] = &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+				NetworkID:  networkID,
+				PublicID:   router.PublicID,
+				Peer:       peerID,
+				PeerGroups: router.PeerGroups,
+				Masquerade: router.Masquerade,
+				Metric:     router.Metric,
+				Enabled:    router.Enabled,
+			}
+		}
+		out[networkID] = converted
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/runner.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/runner.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d6ac9c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/runner.go
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+// Package nmaptest measures network map generation on the dedicated store
+// path against committed expectations. A case stands in for the store load
+// with a NetworkMapData fixture — the value NetworkMapDBStoreImpl returns for
+// one account — then runs the production per-peer pipeline the controller
+// uses, PeersCustomZone → GetPeerNetworkMapComponents → proto conversion, in
+// both wire shapes: the full map (grpc.ToSyncResponse) and the component
+// envelope expanded client-side (grpc.ToComponentSyncResponse →
+// networkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap). A third mode inverts the fixture back into
+// the Account it stands for and runs main's frozen path over it (legacynmap),
+// so every case is pinned to what main shipped as well.
+//
+// The expectation files are the point of the framework. They state what the
+// output should be, so a failing case means the code disagrees with the
+// expectation and the answer is normally to fix the code; an expectation
+// changes only through a deliberate reviewed edit. Nothing in this package
+// writes to testdata — there is no flag that records current behaviour into an
+// expectation, because that is how a defect becomes the baseline. Cases whose
+// expectation encodes correct behaviour the code does not yet deliver stay red
+// on purpose.
+//
+// A case lives in testdata/cases/<name>/ as case.json (manifest: description,
+// peers, optional accountID, dnsDomain, modes), nmdata.json (the fixture the
+// mocked store returns, using Go field names; zero values may be omitted and
+// applyFixtureDefaults fills the boilerplate) and golden/<peerID>.json.
+//
+// There is ONE expectation per peer, shared by every mode, because all three
+// must arrive at the same client-facing map. Full and envelope are not even
+// different computations — CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents is
+// components.Calculate and both assemble the proto with the same encode
+// helpers — so the only variable between them is what the envelope round-trip
+// did in transit, and a difference there is a round-trip fidelity defect.
+// Legacy is a different computation, main's, reached from a rebuilt account;
+// a difference there is this tree having drifted from what main shipped.
+// Results are canonicalized before comparison, since repeated proto fields
+// come from map iteration.
+package nmaptest
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protojson"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/testing/protocmp"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
+	mgmtgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// Mode selects the wire shape a case is verified through. Both end in a
+// *proto.NetworkMap, the one comparison surface shared by every path.
+type Mode string
+
+const (
+	// ModeFull is the legacy wire shape: the server runs Calculate and sends
+	// the expanded map (grpc.ToSyncResponse).
+	ModeFull Mode = "full"
+	// ModeEnvelope is the component wire shape: the server encodes components
+	// into a NetworkMapEnvelope (grpc.ToComponentSyncResponse) and the map is
+	// expanded the way the client engine does (networkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap).
+	ModeEnvelope Mode = "envelope"
+	// ModeLegacy is main's frozen path: the fixture is inverted back into the
+	// Account it stands for and run through legacynmap, the copy of what main
+	// shipped. It is the outside measurement — the other two modes share this
+	// tree's computation, so only this one can catch the whole tree drifting.
+	ModeLegacy Mode = "legacy"
+
+	defaultAccountID = "account"
+	defaultDNSDomain = "netbird.test"
+)
+
+var defaultModes = []Mode{ModeFull, ModeEnvelope, ModeLegacy}
+
+// Case is one nmap-generation scenario: store data for a single account, the
+// peers whose network maps are computed, and the directory holding one expected
+// *proto.NetworkMap per peer — shared by every mode.
+type Case struct {
+	Name      string
+	AccountID string
+	DNSDomain string
+	Peers     []string
+	Modes     []Mode
+	Data      *networkmap.NetworkMapData
+	GoldenDir string
+}
+
+type manifest struct {
+	Description string
+	AccountID   string
+	DNSDomain   string
+	Peers       []string
+	Modes       []Mode
+}
+
+// RunGoldenDir discovers and runs every fixture case under dir. A case is a
+// directory containing case.json (manifest), nmdata.json (store fixture) and
+// golden/<peerID>.json (expected proto.NetworkMap, protojson).
+func RunGoldenDir(t *testing.T, dir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "read cases dir")
+
+	ran := 0
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if !entry.IsDir() || strings.HasPrefix(entry.Name(), ".") {
+			continue
+		}
+		caseDir := filepath.Join(dir, entry.Name())
+		c, err := loadCase(caseDir)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "load case %s", entry.Name())
+		ran++
+		t.Run(entry.Name(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			RunCase(t, c)
+		})
+	}
+	require.NotZero(t, ran, "no cases found under %s", dir)
+}
+
+func loadCase(caseDir string) (Case, error) {
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(caseDir, "case.json"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return Case{}, fmt.Errorf("read manifest: %w", err)
+	}
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(raw))
+	dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
+	var m manifest
+	if err := dec.Decode(&m); err != nil {
+		return Case{}, fmt.Errorf("decode manifest: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	data, err := LoadNetworkMapData(filepath.Join(caseDir, "nmdata.json"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return Case{}, err
+	}
+
+	return Case{
+		Name:      filepath.Base(caseDir),
+		AccountID: m.AccountID,
+		DNSDomain: m.DNSDomain,
+		Peers:     m.Peers,
+		Modes:     m.Modes,
+		Data:      data,
+		GoldenDir: filepath.Join(caseDir, "golden"),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// RunCase computes each target peer's network map through every enabled mode
+// and compares the canonicalized result against the peer's expectation file.
+// It mirrors the controller's store path: fill fixture defaults, precompute
+// posture validation once, then run the per-peer pipeline.
+func RunCase(t *testing.T, c Case) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	require.NotNil(t, c.Data, "case %s: Data is required", c.Name)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, c.Peers, "case %s: Peers is required", c.Name)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, c.GoldenDir, "case %s: GoldenDir is required", c.Name)
+	if c.AccountID == "" {
+		c.AccountID = defaultAccountID
+	}
+	if c.DNSDomain == "" {
+		c.DNSDomain = defaultDNSDomain
+	}
+	if len(c.Modes) == 0 {
+		c.Modes = defaultModes
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	nmData := c.Data
+	applyFixtureDefaults(nmData)
+	nmData.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+	nmData.PrecomputePostureValidation()
+
+	dnsDomain := c.DNSDomain
+	if nmData.AccountSettings.DNSDomain != "" {
+		dnsDomain = nmData.AccountSettings.DNSDomain
+	}
+
+	zone := networkmap.PeersCustomZone(ctx, c.AccountID, dnsDomain, nmData.Peers, controller.IPv6AllowedPeersFromData(nmData))
+	dnsFwdPort := controller.ComputeForwarderPortFromData(nmData.Peers, network_map.DnsForwarderPortMinVersion)
+
+	for _, mode := range c.Modes {
+		if mode == ModeEnvelope {
+			requireEnvelopeSafeKeys(t, nmData, c.Name)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Built before any mode runs: the first per-peer computation injects the
+	// synthesised proxy ACLs into the twin's policies, and the legacy side
+	// synthesises its own, so inverting a twin that already carries them would
+	// hand the legacy path each ACL twice.
+	var legacy legacyInput
+	if slices.Contains(c.Modes, ModeLegacy) {
+		legacy = legacyInputFromData(c.AccountID, nmData)
+	}
+
+	for _, peerID := range c.Peers {
+		peer := nmData.Peers[peerID]
+		require.NotNil(t, peer, "case %s: target peer %q not in fixture", c.Name, peerID)
+
+		for _, mode := range c.Modes {
+			t.Run(peerID+"/"+string(mode), func(t *testing.T) {
+				got := computeMode(t, ctx, mode, nmData, peerID, zone, dnsDomain, dnsFwdPort, legacy)
+				canonicalize(got)
+				compareGolden(t, filepath.Join(c.GoldenDir, peerID+".json"), got, mode)
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// computeMode produces the peer's proto.NetworkMap the way the controller does
+// for that wire shape.
+func computeMode(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, mode Mode, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData,
+	peerID string, zone nmdata.CustomZone, dnsDomain string, dnsFwdPort int64, legacy legacyInput) *proto.NetworkMap {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	peer := nmData.Peers[peerID]
+	require.NotNil(t, peer, "target peer %q not in fixture", peerID)
+
+	switch mode {
+	case ModeLegacy:
+		return computeLegacy(t, ctx, legacy, peerID, zone, dnsDomain, dnsFwdPort)
+	case ModeFull:
+		nmap := controller.NetworkMapFromData(ctx, nmData, peerID, zone, nil)
+		return mgmtgrpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, nil, nil, peer, nil, nil, nmap, dnsDomain, nil,
+			&cache.DNSConfigCache{}, nmData.AccountSettings, nil, nil, dnsFwdPort).NetworkMap
+	case ModeEnvelope:
+		components := nmData.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(peerID, zone)
+		peerGroups := maps.Keys(nmData.GetPeerGroups(peerID))
+		resp := mgmtgrpc.ToComponentSyncResponse(ctx, nil, nil, nil, peer, nil, nil, components, nil,
+			dnsDomain, nil, nmData.AccountSettings, nil, peerGroups, dnsFwdPort)
+		res, err := networkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(ctx, resp.NetworkMapEnvelope, peer.Key, dnsDomain)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "expand envelope")
+		return res.NetworkMap
+	default:
+		t.Fatalf("unknown mode %q", mode)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// requireEnvelopeSafeKeys fails fast on peer keys the envelope decoder would
+// silently drop: it re-keys peers by base64 of the raw 32-byte WG public key.
+func requireEnvelopeSafeKeys(t *testing.T, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData, caseName string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for id, p := range nmData.Peers {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		raw, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(p.Key)
+		if err != nil || len(raw) != 32 {
+			t.Fatalf("case %s: peer %q Key must be base64 of 32 bytes for mode %q (the envelope decoder drops it otherwise); use a real WireGuard public key or restrict the case to mode %q",
+				caseName, id, ModeEnvelope, ModeFull)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// compareGolden measures got against the committed expectation file. One
+// expectation serves every mode, because the modes run the same computation and
+// must therefore agree. The expectation is the authority: a mismatch means the
+// code does not produce what this case says it should, so it is reported as a
+// failure and not quietly absorbed.
+//
+// The full and legacy modes are compared verbatim, identifiers included, so the
+// expectation pins real ids and stays readable. The envelope mode has
+// identifiers erased on both sides first, because it currently rewrites them —
+// a tracked defect that TestIDSpaceMatches asserts against on its own, so it
+// does not have to drown out every other case here.
+// Nothing here writes to testdata. Expectation files are authored by hand and
+// only ever change through a reviewed edit, so there is no mode in which a run
+// can create or replace one. When a file is missing the computed map is printed
+// for the author to read and, if it is genuinely correct, save deliberately.
+func compareGolden(t *testing.T, path string, got *proto.NetworkMap, mode Mode) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if mode == ModeEnvelope {
+		normalizeIDSpace(got)
+		canonicalize(got)
+	}
+
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		rendered, mErr := renderNetworkMap(got)
+		require.NoError(t, mErr)
+		t.Fatalf("no expectation file %s: %v\nThis case has nothing to measure against — write the "+
+			"proto.NetworkMap this peer should receive. Mode %s currently produces:\n%s\nRead it before "+
+			"saving any of it: if the code is wrong, so is this.", path, err, mode, rendered)
+	}
+	want := &proto.NetworkMap{}
+	require.NoError(t, protojson.Unmarshal(raw, want), "parse expectation %s", path)
+	canonicalize(want)
+	if mode == ModeEnvelope {
+		normalizeIDSpace(want)
+		canonicalize(want)
+	}
+
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, got, protocmp.Transform()); diff != "" {
+		t.Errorf("mode %s does not produce what %s expects (-want +got):\n%s\n"+
+			"Every mode has to deliver the same client-facing map for the same account state. "+
+			"The expectation file is the committed statement of correct output — fix the code, or change the "+
+			"expectation deliberately if the intended behaviour really moved.", mode, path, diff)
+	}
+}
+
+// renderNetworkMap renders stable protojson: protojson output whitespace is
+// deliberately unstable, so it is reformatted through json.Indent.
+func renderNetworkMap(nm *proto.NetworkMap) ([]byte, error) {
+	raw, err := protojson.Marshal(nm)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := json.Indent(&buf, raw, "", "  "); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	buf.WriteByte('\n')
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4747e9640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "description": "Two groups joined by one allow-all policy; peer-c has SSH enabled so the legacy-SSH path fills SshAuth from AllowedUserIDs.",
+  "peers": [
+    "peer-a",
+    "peer-c"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2b69276c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "5",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "4deEImv8zGvsyBmmfC2G0eQkbyMzyGuz/YK7pcYETwM=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.3/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {
+        "sshPubKey": "c3NoLXBlZXItYw=="
+      },
+      "fqdn": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFsbA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFsbA=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/golden/peer-c.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/golden/peer-c.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c358b163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/golden/peer-c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "5",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.3/10",
+    "sshConfig": {
+      "sshEnabled": true
+    },
+    "fqdn": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "AvldyrZ12Pf90jzf3AXmhPwg3UcI+jtJHfbpBlupvko=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFsbA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFsbA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFsbA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFsbA=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub",
+    "AuthorizedUsers": [
+      "u9dHvAXZJKiXITuwP9jD/A=="
+    ],
+    "machineUsers": {
+      "*": {
+        "indexes": [
+          0
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d78e5c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/basic-policy/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 5},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-c": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "SSHEnabled": true, "SSHKey": "ssh-peer-c", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a", "peer-b"]},
+    "grp-ops": {"Peers": ["peer-c"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-all",
+      "PublicID": "pol-all-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "all",
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-ops"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "AllowedUserIDs": {"user-ops": {}}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4c46c63d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "description": "Nameserver group and applied custom zones distributed to grp-dev; peer-a (with an extra DNS label) receives them, peer-c is outside that group and receives only the zone distributed to grp-ops. Zone flags travel per zone: both grp-dev zones are match-only (NonAuthoritative), only search-off.internal. disables the search domain, and the built-in peer zone stays authoritative.",
+  "peers": [
+    "peer-a",
+    "peer-c"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f06a19d9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "8",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "AvldyrZ12Pf90jzf3AXmhPwg3UcI+jtJHfbpBlupvko=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "NameServerGroups": [
+      {
+        "NameServers": [
+          {
+            "IP": "8.8.8.8",
+            "Port": "53"
+          }
+        ],
+        "Primary": true
+      }
+    ],
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "corp.internal.",
+        "NonAuthoritative": true,
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "db.corp.internal.",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "10.10.0.5"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "Domain": "search-off.internal.",
+        "SearchDomainDisabled": true,
+        "NonAuthoritative": true,
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "alias.search-off.internal.",
+            "Type": "5",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "app.search-off.internal."
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "app.search-off.internal.",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "10.10.0.6"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "www.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLW1lc2g="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLW1lc2g="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/golden/peer-c.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/golden/peer-c.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e04dca40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/golden/peer-c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "8",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.3/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
+      {
+        "Domain": "ops-only.internal.",
+        "NonAuthoritative": true,
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "tool.ops-only.internal.",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "10.10.0.7"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b9741ef16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/dns-config/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 8},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "ExtraDNSLabels": ["www"], "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-c": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a", "peer-b"]},
+    "grp-ops": {"Peers": ["peer-c"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-mesh",
+      "PublicID": "pol-mesh-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "all",
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-dev"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "NameServerGroups": [
+    {
+      "ID": "nsg-1",
+      "Name": "dns-primary",
+      "NameServers": [{"IP": "8.8.8.8", "Port": 53}],
+      "Groups": ["grp-dev"],
+      "Primary": true,
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "AppliedZoneCandidates": [
+    {
+      "DistributionGroups": ["grp-dev"],
+      "Zone": {
+        "Domain": "corp.internal.",
+        "NonAuthoritative": true,
+        "Records": [
+          {"Name": "db.corp.internal.", "Type": 1, "Class": "IN", "TTL": 300, "RData": "10.10.0.5"}
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "DistributionGroups": ["grp-dev"],
+      "Zone": {
+        "Domain": "search-off.internal.",
+        "NonAuthoritative": true,
+        "SearchDomainDisabled": true,
+        "Records": [
+          {"Name": "app.search-off.internal.", "Type": 1, "Class": "IN", "TTL": 300, "RData": "10.10.0.6"},
+          {"Name": "alias.search-off.internal.", "Type": 5, "Class": "IN", "TTL": 300, "RData": "app.search-off.internal."}
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "DistributionGroups": ["grp-ops"],
+      "Zone": {
+        "Domain": "ops-only.internal.",
+        "NonAuthoritative": true,
+        "Records": [
+          {"Name": "tool.ops-only.internal.", "Type": 1, "Class": "IN", "TTL": 300, "RData": "10.10.0.7"}
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5776d0e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Domain network resource: the route carries the domain list and the 192.0.2.0/32 placeholder network with NetworkType 3 (dynamic), and peer-r's route firewall rules must be marked dynamic and repeat the domain. Two ports on the policy must produce one rule per port. A domain resource contributes no DNS custom zone of its own — resolution happens through the routing peer's forwarder.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-r"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f83e7a2f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "22",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.9/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-domain:peer-r",
+      "Network": "192.0.2.0/32",
+      "NetworkType": "3",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "app-domain",
+      "Domains": [
+        "app.internal"
+      ],
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/golden/peer-r.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/golden/peer-r.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41ae3dd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/golden/peer-r.json
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "22",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-domain:peer-r",
+      "Network": "192.0.2.0/32",
+      "NetworkType": "3",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "app-domain",
+      "Domains": [
+        "app.internal"
+      ],
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "192.0.2.0/32",
+      "protocol": "TCP",
+      "portInfo": {
+        "port": 443
+      },
+      "isDynamic": true,
+      "domains": [
+        "app.internal"
+      ],
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFwcA==",
+      "RouteID": "res-domain:peer-r"
+    },
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "192.0.2.0/32",
+      "protocol": "TCP",
+      "portInfo": {
+        "port": 80
+      },
+      "isDynamic": true,
+      "domains": [
+        "app.internal"
+      ],
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFwcA==",
+      "RouteID": "res-domain:peer-r"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db6dc8eda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-domain-resource/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 22},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-app",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["80", "443"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-domain", "Type": "domain"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "ResourcePolicies": {"res-domain": [{"ID": "pol-app"}]},
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-domain",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "app-domain",
+      "Type": "domain",
+      "Domain": "app.internal",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "peer-r": {"PublicID": "router-direct", "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa1e5c24b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Host network resource (single /32) behind one directly-assigned router. peer-a is in the resource policy's source group and must receive one route to 10.10.0.7/32 via peer-r with KeepRoute set and NetID taken from the resource name; peer-r as the router must receive the same route plus a route firewall rule whose SourceRanges are the policy's source peers. A client never gets route firewall rules.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-r"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bf83f20e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "20",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.9/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-host:peer-r",
+      "Network": "10.10.0.7/32",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "web-host",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/golden/peer-r.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/golden/peer-r.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef3b5a6c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/golden/peer-r.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "20",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-host:peer-r",
+      "Network": "10.10.0.7/32",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "web-host",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "10.10.0.7/32",
+      "protocol": "TCP",
+      "portInfo": {
+        "port": 443
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXdlYg==",
+      "RouteID": "res-host:peer-r"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdd35a439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-host-resource/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 20},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-web",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-host", "Type": "host"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "ResourcePolicies": {"res-host": [{"ID": "pol-web"}]},
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-host",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "web-host",
+      "Type": "host",
+      "Prefix": "10.10.0.7/32",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "peer-r": {"PublicID": "router-direct", "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca54a4b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "A disabled resource with a valid policy and router must leave no trace: no routes and no route firewall rules for either the client or the router. Disabling a resource is the switch that revokes access without deleting the policy.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-r"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4f5a92bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "25",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/golden/peer-r.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/golden/peer-r.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b83cfdff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/golden/peer-r.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "25",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43e00a2db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-disabled/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 25},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-off-resource",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-disabled", "Type": "subnet"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "ResourcePolicies": {"res-disabled": [{"ID": "pol-off-resource"}]},
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-disabled",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "disabled-subnet",
+      "Type": "subnet",
+      "Prefix": "10.50.0.0/24"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "peer-r": {"PublicID": "router-direct", "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..494ac0fce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "An enabled resource with a healthy router but no policy granting access to it must produce nothing anywhere: no route for the client and none for the router either, since access to a resource is only ever created by a policy. The router also gets no route firewall rules despite being a routing peer for the network.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-r"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32f9cf35e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "24",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/golden/peer-r.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/golden/peer-r.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a97eac9a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/golden/peer-r.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "24",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3bbf299a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-no-policy/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 24},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]}
+  },
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-orphan",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "orphan-subnet",
+      "Type": "subnet",
+      "Prefix": "10.40.0.0/24",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "peer-r": {"PublicID": "router-direct", "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2922a5deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "A DISABLED policy granting access to a network resource must grant nothing: no route to 10.90.0.0/24 for peer-a and none for the router either, exactly as if the policy were absent. THE FULL EXPECTATION CURRENTLY FAILS, and should: resource-policy selection never checks policy.Enabled (networkmapcompute.go and networkmap_components.go both test only nil/len(Rules)/Rules[0]), so the legacy path still hands out the route — access survives disabling the policy. The envelope path happens to be correct because the encoder drops disabled policies from the wire. Fix the compute path, do not weaken this expectation.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-r"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92ba75b1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "39",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/golden/peer-r.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/golden/peer-r.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c27320ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/golden/peer-r.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "39",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be7251712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-resource-policy-disabled/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 39},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-revoked",
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["5432"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-db", "Type": "subnet"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "ResourcePolicies": {"res-db": [{"ID": "pol-revoked"}]},
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-db",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "db-subnet",
+      "Type": "subnet",
+      "Prefix": "10.90.0.0/24",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "peer-r": {"PublicID": "router-direct", "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-router-unvalidated/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-router-unvalidated/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de1027d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-router-unvalidated/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "The routing peer for the resource is not in ValidatedPeers — an unapproved peer, which the integrated validator withholds. peer-a must therefore receive no route through it and must not see it as a peer at all: traffic may not be routed through a peer the account has not approved. THE ENVELOPE EXPECTATION CURRENTLY FAILS, and should: component selection puts every routing peer into RouterPeers without checking validation, the encoder indexes them into the envelope's peer table, and the client decoder puts every peer it finds back into its peer map, so the unapproved router reappears client-side with a working route. The full path drops it correctly. Fix the component/encoder path, do not weaken this expectation.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-router-unvalidated/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-router-unvalidated/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2554fc08c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-router-unvalidated/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "40",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-router-unvalidated/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-router-unvalidated/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..98ba94471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-router-unvalidated/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 40},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "ValidatedPeers": {"peer-a": {}},
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-db",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["5432"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-db", "Type": "subnet"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "ResourcePolicies": {"res-db": [{"ID": "pol-db"}]},
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-db",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "db-subnet",
+      "Type": "subnet",
+      "Prefix": "10.100.0.0/24",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "peer-r": {"PublicID": "router-direct", "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ec63c816
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Routing peer group: one router record assigned to a peer group, which the store expands into one entry per member peer sharing the router's settings. peer-a must receive one route per routing peer — same NetID and destination, different route ID and peer — which is what gives the client an HA pair to choose between. Each router must receive only its own route, never its sibling's, plus its own route firewall rule.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-r1", "peer-r2"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..020c34835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "23",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "Iu6Lj1HqDXfgDh5RppHCRI6RO3lMlZBCndRNrdS7QUI=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.11/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r1.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "YC6sbWtvpB2d6W/XqsNIV9crsrXBoVDdwmhCoszjCps=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.12/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r2.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-ha:peer-r1",
+      "Network": "10.30.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "Iu6Lj1HqDXfgDh5RppHCRI6RO3lMlZBCndRNrdS7QUI=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "ha-subnet",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "res-ha:peer-r2",
+      "Network": "10.30.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "YC6sbWtvpB2d6W/XqsNIV9crsrXBoVDdwmhCoszjCps=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "ha-subnet",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/golden/peer-r1.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/golden/peer-r1.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e42214ca8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/golden/peer-r1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "23",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.11/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r1.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-ha:peer-r1",
+      "Network": "10.30.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "Iu6Lj1HqDXfgDh5RppHCRI6RO3lMlZBCndRNrdS7QUI=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "ha-subnet",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r1.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.11"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "10.30.0.0/24",
+      "protocol": "TCP",
+      "portInfo": {
+        "port": 5432
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWhh",
+      "RouteID": "res-ha:peer-r1"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/golden/peer-r2.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/golden/peer-r2.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2560742fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/golden/peer-r2.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "23",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.12/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r2.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-ha:peer-r2",
+      "Network": "10.30.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "YC6sbWtvpB2d6W/XqsNIV9crsrXBoVDdwmhCoszjCps=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "ha-subnet",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r2.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.12"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "10.30.0.0/24",
+      "protocol": "TCP",
+      "portInfo": {
+        "port": 5432
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWhh",
+      "RouteID": "res-ha:peer-r2"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03937cb14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-routing-peer-group-ha/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 23},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r1": {"IP": "100.64.0.11", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r2": {"IP": "100.64.0.12", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]},
+    "grp-routers": {"Peers": ["peer-r1", "peer-r2"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-ha",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["5432"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-ha", "Type": "subnet"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "ResourcePolicies": {"res-ha": [{"ID": "pol-ha"}]},
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-ha",
+      "NetworkID": "net-ha",
+      "Name": "ha-subnet",
+      "Type": "subnet",
+      "Prefix": "10.30.0.0/24",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-ha": {
+      "peer-r1": {"PublicID": "router-ha", "PeerGroups": ["grp-routers"], "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true},
+      "peer-r2": {"PublicID": "router-ha", "PeerGroups": ["grp-routers"], "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16cfedf34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Subnet network resource behind one directly-assigned router, with masquerade off and a non-default metric so both reach the wire verbatim, and an all-protocol policy from a two-peer source group. peer-r's route firewall rule must list both source peers; peer-b confirms a second client in the same group gets its own identical route.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-b", "peer-r"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5bc8f880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "21",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.9/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-subnet:peer-r",
+      "Network": "10.20.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "500",
+      "NetID": "office-subnet",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/golden/peer-b.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/golden/peer-b.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..01c31edf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/golden/peer-b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "21",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.2/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.9/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-subnet:peer-r",
+      "Network": "10.20.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "500",
+      "NetID": "office-subnet",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/golden/peer-r.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/golden/peer-r.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39a29125d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/golden/peer-r.json
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "21",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "AvldyrZ12Pf90jzf3AXmhPwg3UcI+jtJHfbpBlupvko=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-subnet:peer-r",
+      "Network": "10.20.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "500",
+      "NetID": "office-subnet",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32",
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "10.20.0.0/24",
+      "protocol": "ALL",
+      "portInfo": {},
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXN1Ym5ldA==",
+      "RouteID": "res-subnet:peer-r"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba27f494c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/net-subnet-resource/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 21},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a", "peer-b"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-subnet",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "all",
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-subnet", "Type": "subnet"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "ResourcePolicies": {"res-subnet": [{"ID": "pol-subnet"}]},
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-subnet",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "office-subnet",
+      "Type": "subnet",
+      "Prefix": "10.20.0.0/24",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "peer-r": {"PublicID": "router-direct", "Metric": 500, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdf31c413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "description": "A peer named directly as a rule source or destination is subject to approval exactly like a group member: unvalidated peer-b is neither a source for peer-c nor a destination for peer-a, while the validated direct source peer-a reaches peer-c. Legacy mode is excluded: the frozen legacynmap copy still carries the direct-peer bypass.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-c"],
+  "modes": ["full", "envelope"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0605525f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "22",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "4deEImv8zGvsyBmmfC2G0eQkbyMzyGuz/YK7pcYETwM=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.3/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdC1vaw=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdC1vaw=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/golden/peer-c.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/golden/peer-c.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f2b3e9357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/golden/peer-c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "22",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.3/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdC1vaw=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdC1vaw=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..283df304c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-direct-peer-unvalidated/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 22},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-c": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "ValidatedPeers": {"peer-a": {}, "peer-c": {}},
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]},
+    "grp-ops": {"Peers": ["peer-c"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-direct-ok",
+      "PublicID": "pol-direct-ok-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "SourceResource": {"ID": "peer-a", "Type": "peer"},
+          "Destinations": ["grp-ops"]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-src-unval",
+      "PublicID": "pol-src-unval-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["8443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "SourceResource": {"ID": "peer-b", "Type": "peer"},
+          "Destinations": ["grp-ops"]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-dst-unval",
+      "PublicID": "pol-dst-unval-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["9443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "peer-b", "Type": "peer"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39c477b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Direct peer-to-peer policy via Source/DestinationResource of type peer, no groups involved; peer-a and peer-b see each other, bystander peer-c sees nobody.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-b", "peer-c"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d59c33bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "15",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "AvldyrZ12Pf90jzf3AXmhPwg3UcI+jtJHfbpBlupvko=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdA=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/golden/peer-b.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/golden/peer-b.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59b4bd24c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/golden/peer-b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "15",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.2/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdA=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/golden/peer-c.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/golden/peer-c.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ff24ce1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/golden/peer-c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "15",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.3/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3ee4d163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-peer-to-peer/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 15},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-c": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-direct",
+      "PublicID": "pol-direct-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "SourceResource": {"ID": "peer-a", "Type": "peer"},
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "peer-b", "Type": "peer"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0eccba20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "One-way udp/514 plus bidirectional tcp port-range 1000-2000 between the same groups; a disabled policy and a policy whose only rule is disabled must leave no trace.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-srv"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a2276d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "14",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "jEboa3bOv65XRbq8+8JuagiwWz+mM7Fc5MUfBQbOf6Y=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 1000,
+          "end": 2000
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 1000,
+          "end": 2000
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "UDP",
+      "Port": "514",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXN5c2xvZw=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a89148f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "14",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 1000,
+          "end": 2000
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 1000,
+          "end": 2000
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "UDP",
+      "Port": "514",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXN5c2xvZw=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1262a0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/policy-ports-and-ranges/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 14},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]},
+    "grp-svc": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-syslog",
+      "PublicID": "pol-syslog-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "udp",
+          "Ports": ["514"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-svc"]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-range",
+      "PublicID": "pol-range-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "PortRanges": [{"Start": 1000, "End": 2000}],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-svc"]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-off",
+      "PublicID": "pol-off-pub",
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["9999"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-svc"]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-rule-off",
+      "PublicID": "pol-rule-off-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "udp",
+          "Ports": ["1111"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-svc"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3307e0afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Posture checks gate a policy's sources only, never its destinations. peer-srv-old would fail the version check, but it sits in the destination group, so peer-client must still receive it alongside peer-srv-new, and peer-srv-old must still receive peer-client. This asymmetry is deliberate in the compute path — destination peers are resolved with no posture checks passed in — and it is worth pinning because it is easy to assume a posture check protects both ends.",
+  "peers": ["peer-client", "peer-srv-old"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/golden/peer-client.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/golden/peer-client.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73182932b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/golden/peer-client.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "37",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-client.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "MdeD+cDSnurizeZ/Zd7rEdIhs9VZViEnutUwkodqb1s=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.12/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv-new.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "1.0.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "ph1eqUTlSeLQ6V9zLEUpck25m5K5sOQq+AHY879HZME=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.11/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv-old.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.30.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-client.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv-new.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.12"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv-old.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.11"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.11",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRlc3Q="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.11",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRlc3Q="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.12",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRlc3Q="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.12",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRlc3Q="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/golden/peer-srv-old.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/golden/peer-srv-old.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d1ad4feb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/golden/peer-srv-old.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "37",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.11/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv-old.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "tKxuKEYQFPR8lCpcfVWBKVX0vGFKYXtTtFjXhoiu5zc=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-client.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "1.0.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-client.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv-old.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.11"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRlc3Q="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRlc3Q="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca5ece21a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-destination-not-gated/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 37},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-client": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "1.0.0"}},
+    "peer-srv-old": {"IP": "100.64.0.11", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.30.0"}},
+    "peer-srv-new": {"IP": "100.64.0.12", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "1.0.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-clients": {"Peers": ["peer-client"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv-old", "peer-srv-new"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-version": {"Checks": {"NBVersionCheck": {"MinVersion": "0.45.0"}}}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-dest",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-version"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-clients"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d7460721
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{
+  "description": "A peer named directly as a rule source is gated by the policy's posture checks exactly like a group member: peer-b (0.40.0) fails the 0.45.0 minimum, so it gets no connectivity and peer-c must not see it, while the compliant direct source peer-a reaches peer-c. Legacy mode is excluded: the frozen legacynmap copy still carries the direct-peer bypass.",
+  "peers": ["peer-b", "peer-c"],
+  "modes": ["full", "envelope"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/golden/peer-b.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/golden/peer-b.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..240358e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/golden/peer-b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "21",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.2/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/golden/peer-c.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/golden/peer-c.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85573ed35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/golden/peer-c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "21",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.3/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdC1vaw=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRpcmVjdC1vaw=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6b99bfdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-direct-source/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 21},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.40.0"}},
+    "peer-c": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-ops": {"Peers": ["peer-c"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-ver": {"Checks": {"NBVersionCheck": {"MinVersion": "0.45.0"}}}
+  },
+  "PostureCheckXIDToPublicID": {"chk-ver": "chk-ver-pub"},
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-direct-ok",
+      "PublicID": "pol-direct-ok-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-ver"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "SourceResource": {"ID": "peer-a", "Type": "peer"},
+          "Destinations": ["grp-ops"]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-direct-denied",
+      "PublicID": "pol-direct-denied-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-ver"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["8443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "SourceResource": {"ID": "peer-b", "Type": "peer"},
+          "Destinations": ["grp-ops"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a661fa53e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "description": "Source-side NB-version posture check: peer-b (0.40.0) fails the 0.45.0 minimum, so peer-c must not see it and peer-b itself gets no policy connectivity.",
+  "peers": [
+    "peer-b",
+    "peer-c"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/golden/peer-b.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/golden/peer-b.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..201be294f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/golden/peer-b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "6",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.2/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/golden/peer-c.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/golden/peer-c.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..009d00490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/golden/peer-c.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "6",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.3/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-c.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdhdGVk"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdhdGVk"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4962e8b6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-gated/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 6},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.40.0"}},
+    "peer-c": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a", "peer-b"]},
+    "grp-ops": {"Peers": ["peer-c"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-ver": {"Checks": {"NBVersionCheck": {"MinVersion": "0.45.0"}}}
+  },
+  "PostureCheckXIDToPublicID": {"chk-ver": "chk-ver-pub"},
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-gated",
+      "PublicID": "pol-gated-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-ver"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-ops"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f7f86860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Geo location posture check in allow mode. An entry naming only a country matches the whole country, so peer-de passes; an entry naming a city must match that city exactly, so peer-us-ny passes while peer-us-bos does not. peer-fr matches nothing and fails. peer-nowhere has no location at all, which the check reports as an error, and an errored check denies — so it fails too.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv", "peer-de", "peer-us-bos", "peer-nowhere"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-de.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-de.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a07139fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-de.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "31",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-de.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "jEboa3bOv65XRbq8+8JuagiwWz+mM7Fc5MUfBQbOf6Y=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-de.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdlbw=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdlbw=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-nowhere.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-nowhere.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aed97a69f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-nowhere.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "31",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.5/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-nowhere.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-nowhere.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.5"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f3fcb1ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "31",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "9nwvdE0wik6Fcs8Tw6WBnmOqGZmzdiTR4VZAdRBOJF4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-us-ny.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "s/f5frZqT3DT1o9QCuhA14Pj5GUa4JUsF4M3twrprmk=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-de.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-de.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-us-ny.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdlbw=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdlbw=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdlbw=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdlbw=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-us-bos.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-us-bos.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..624666c36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/golden/peer-us-bos.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "31",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.3/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-us-bos.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-us-bos.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b92840266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-allow/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 31},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-de": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "DE", "CityName": "Berlin"}},
+    "peer-us-ny": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "US", "CityName": "New York"}},
+    "peer-us-bos": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "US", "CityName": "Boston"}},
+    "peer-fr": {"IP": "100.64.0.4", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "FR", "CityName": "Paris"}},
+    "peer-nowhere": {"IP": "100.64.0.5", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-clients": {"Peers": ["peer-de", "peer-us-ny", "peer-us-bos", "peer-fr", "peer-nowhere"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-geo": {
+      "Checks": {
+        "GeoLocationCheck": {
+          "Action": "allow",
+          "Locations": [
+            {"CountryCode": "DE"},
+            {"CountryCode": "US", "CityName": "New York"}
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-geo",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-geo"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-clients"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f234b5280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Geo location posture check in deny mode: matching the list rejects, not matching passes, so peer-ru is excluded and peer-de is admitted. peer-nowhere has no location and fails here as well — a missing location is an error and errors deny in both modes, so deny mode is not a way to admit peers whose location is unknown.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv", "peer-ru", "peer-nowhere"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/golden/peer-nowhere.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/golden/peer-nowhere.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e73b77d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/golden/peer-nowhere.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "32",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.3/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-nowhere.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-nowhere.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/golden/peer-ru.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/golden/peer-ru.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..721267f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/golden/peer-ru.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "32",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-ru.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-ru.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93883369e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "32",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "s/f5frZqT3DT1o9QCuhA14Pj5GUa4JUsF4M3twrprmk=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-de.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-de.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdlby1kZW55"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWdlby1kZW55"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5edc50a38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-geo-deny/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 32},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-ru": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "RU", "CityName": "Moscow"}},
+    "peer-de": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "DE", "CityName": "Berlin"}},
+    "peer-nowhere": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-clients": {"Peers": ["peer-ru", "peer-de", "peer-nowhere"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-geo-deny": {
+      "Checks": {
+        "GeoLocationCheck": {
+          "Action": "deny",
+          "Locations": [{"CountryCode": "RU"}]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-geo-deny",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-geo-deny"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "all",
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-clients"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0eab5408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "One posture check bundle holding two different checks. All checks in a bundle must pass, so only peer-both is admitted: peer-badgeo satisfies the version rule and peer-badversion satisfies the location rule, and each is still rejected on the other. This pins the AND semantics of a bundle rather than any-of.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv", "peer-both", "peer-badgeo"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/golden/peer-badgeo.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/golden/peer-badgeo.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a6272909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/golden/peer-badgeo.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "35",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.2/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-badgeo.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-badgeo.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/golden/peer-both.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/golden/peer-both.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e18e7cb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/golden/peer-both.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "35",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-both.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "jEboa3bOv65XRbq8+8JuagiwWz+mM7Fc5MUfBQbOf6Y=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "1.0.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-both.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbWJv"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbWJv"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e91e8f777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "35",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "ilmSCJoVLTTY/Am7or8ES8R0hL/OdfE2FDK197pxc5o=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-both.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "1.0.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-both.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbWJv"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbWJv"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fbf7a5f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-multiple-checks/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 35},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-both": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "1.0.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "DE", "CityName": "Berlin"}},
+    "peer-badgeo": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "1.0.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "FR", "CityName": "Paris"}},
+    "peer-badversion": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.30.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "DE", "CityName": "Berlin"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "1.0.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-clients": {"Peers": ["peer-both", "peer-badgeo", "peer-badversion"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-combo": {
+      "Checks": {
+        "NBVersionCheck": {"MinVersion": "0.45.0"},
+        "GeoLocationCheck": {
+          "Action": "allow",
+          "Locations": [{"CountryCode": "DE"}]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-combo",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-combo"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-clients"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d10bfc9ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Peer network range posture check in allow mode over 192.168.0.0/16. peer-office passes on its reported interface network, and peer-by-connip passes on the address it connected from, which the check folds in as a single-host prefix — so either source of address information can satisfy it. peer-remote is outside the range and peer-noaddr reports no address at all, which errors and therefore denies. Note this policy is tcp/22 without the peer's SSH flag, so no authorized users appear.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv", "peer-office", "peer-by-connip", "peer-remote"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-by-connip.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-by-connip.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9cb3ed0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-by-connip.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "33",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.3/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-by-connip.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "jEboa3bOv65XRbq8+8JuagiwWz+mM7Fc5MUfBQbOf6Y=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-by-connip.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-office.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-office.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b9834d12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-office.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "33",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-office.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "jEboa3bOv65XRbq8+8JuagiwWz+mM7Fc5MUfBQbOf6Y=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-office.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-remote.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-remote.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..134a0aff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-remote.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "33",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.2/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-remote.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-remote.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8499e031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "33",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "2Za6YHlJPJPv3hG/vDvdT0emXqIQADX9+wE8F1ZsgHU=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.3/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-by-connip.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "iVuRGJEIX4iqqF3zV01cxAEgyjXW3X4rrMoal6iA4fc=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-office.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-by-connip.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-office.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJhbmdl"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a258e855d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-network-range/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 33},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-office": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0", "NetworkAddresses": [{"NetIP": "192.168.1.10/24"}]}},
+    "peer-remote": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0", "NetworkAddresses": [{"NetIP": "10.0.0.5/8"}]}},
+    "peer-by-connip": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}, "Location": {"ConnectionIP": "192.168.5.5"}},
+    "peer-noaddr": {"IP": "100.64.0.4", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-clients": {"Peers": ["peer-office", "peer-remote", "peer-by-connip", "peer-noaddr"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-range": {
+      "Checks": {
+        "PeerNetworkRangeCheck": {
+          "Action": "allow",
+          "Ranges": ["192.168.0.0/16"]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-range",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-range"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["22"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-clients"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b23a187d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "OS version posture check with per-OS minimums. peer-srv must see only the peers that satisfy their own platform's rule: the Linux peer on kernel 6.1 (the check compares the part before the first dash) and the macOS peer on 14.2. The old Linux and macOS peers fail. peer-win fails too even though its version looks modern, because the check defines no Windows minimum and a platform with no rule configured is treated as failing, not as unrestricted — a surprising rule worth freezing. Each rejected peer also loses its own view of peer-srv, since the policy is its only connectivity.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv", "peer-lin-ok", "peer-lin-old", "peer-win"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-lin-ok.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-lin-ok.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f299b9fcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-lin-ok.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "30",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-lin-ok.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "jEboa3bOv65XRbq8+8JuagiwWz+mM7Fc5MUfBQbOf6Y=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-lin-ok.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLW9z"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLW9z"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-lin-old.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-lin-old.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0a5412fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-lin-old.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "30",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.2/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-lin-old.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-lin-old.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91883d20b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "30",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "XpdB4aptfFjgsQOHfEO65dNozY8R7EIw3/alAnXjl+k=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-lin-ok.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "gRO02HiaHUKq2xTbYJhPsmGj06bK0HGU2tgL0pKB2yQ=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.3/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-mac-ok.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-lin-ok.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-mac-ok.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLW9z"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLW9z"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLW9z"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLW9z"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-win.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-win.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b0cafb26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/golden/peer-win.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "30",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.5/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-win.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-win.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.5"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..018c0cc21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-os-version/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 30},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-lin-ok": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0", "GoOS": "linux", "KernelVersion": "6.1.0-arch1"}},
+    "peer-lin-old": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0", "GoOS": "linux", "KernelVersion": "5.4.0-generic"}},
+    "peer-mac-ok": {"IP": "100.64.0.3", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0", "GoOS": "darwin", "OSVersion": "14.2"}},
+    "peer-mac-old": {"IP": "100.64.0.4", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0", "GoOS": "darwin", "OSVersion": "12.0"}},
+    "peer-win": {"IP": "100.64.0.5", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0", "GoOS": "windows", "KernelVersion": "10.0.19045"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0", "GoOS": "linux", "KernelVersion": "6.1.0-arch1"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-clients": {"Peers": ["peer-lin-ok", "peer-lin-old", "peer-mac-ok", "peer-mac-old", "peer-win"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-os": {
+      "Checks": {
+        "OSVersionCheck": {
+          "Linux": {"MinKernelVersion": "6.0.0"},
+          "Darwin": {"MinVersion": "13.0"}
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-os",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-os"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-clients"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b730389a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Process posture check, which picks the path for the peer's own platform. peer-lin-running and peer-mac-running each have their platform's process running and pass. peer-lin-stopped reports the same file but not running, so it fails — presence of the binary is not enough. peer-bsd runs an unsupported operating system, which the check reports as an error, and errors deny.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv", "peer-lin-running", "peer-lin-stopped", "peer-bsd"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-bsd.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-bsd.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f75459d39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-bsd.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "34",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.4/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-bsd.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-bsd.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.4"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-lin-running.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-lin-running.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddfa39472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-lin-running.json
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "34",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-lin-running.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "jEboa3bOv65XRbq8+8JuagiwWz+mM7Fc5MUfBQbOf6Y=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-lin-running.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXByb2M="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXByb2M="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-lin-stopped.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-lin-stopped.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..828a933f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-lin-stopped.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "34",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.2/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-lin-stopped.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-lin-stopped.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6eb409623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "34",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "d9LCTf7vwqctprOKyF95j17uPWpRjEeirHfB75RIGlk=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-lin-running.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "rgP4xt50GcHp7fFgBoSt8yz5bp5AnOAVHMmOd+rTbR4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.3/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-mac-running.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-lin-running.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-mac-running.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.3"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXByb2M="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXByb2M="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXByb2M="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "ALL",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXByb2M="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b112e2235
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-process/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 34},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-lin-running": {
+      "IP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Meta": {
+        "WtVersion": "0.60.0",
+        "GoOS": "linux",
+        "Files": [{"Path": "/usr/bin/agent", "ProcessIsRunning": true}]
+      }
+    },
+    "peer-lin-stopped": {
+      "IP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Meta": {
+        "WtVersion": "0.60.0",
+        "GoOS": "linux",
+        "Files": [{"Path": "/usr/bin/agent"}]
+      }
+    },
+    "peer-mac-running": {
+      "IP": "100.64.0.3",
+      "Meta": {
+        "WtVersion": "0.60.0",
+        "GoOS": "darwin",
+        "Files": [{"Path": "/Applications/Agent.app", "ProcessIsRunning": true}]
+      }
+    },
+    "peer-bsd": {
+      "IP": "100.64.0.4",
+      "Meta": {
+        "WtVersion": "0.60.0",
+        "GoOS": "freebsd",
+        "Files": [{"Path": "/usr/bin/agent", "ProcessIsRunning": true}]
+      }
+    },
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0", "GoOS": "linux"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-clients": {"Peers": ["peer-lin-running", "peer-lin-stopped", "peer-mac-running", "peer-bsd"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-proc": {
+      "Checks": {
+        "ProcessCheck": {
+          "Processes": [
+            {"LinuxPath": "/usr/bin/agent", "MacPath": "/Applications/Agent.app"}
+          ]
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-proc",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-proc"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "all",
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-clients"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b30b06243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Posture check on a policy granting access to a network resource. peer-ok must receive the route to the resource through peer-r, while peer-bad fails the version check and must receive no route at all. The router's route firewall rule must narrow its SourceRanges to peer-ok's address only — a peer rejected by posture must not be permitted through the routing peer either, which is the enforcement that actually matters.",
+  "peers": ["peer-ok", "peer-bad", "peer-r"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/golden/peer-bad.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/golden/peer-bad.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1aa1a494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/golden/peer-bad.json
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "38",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.2/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-bad.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-bad.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/golden/peer-ok.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/golden/peer-ok.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6aa688eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/golden/peer-ok.json
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "38",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-ok.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.9/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "1.0.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-db:peer-r",
+      "Network": "10.80.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "db-subnet",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-ok.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/golden/peer-r.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/golden/peer-r.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..192304ca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/golden/peer-r.json
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "38",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "XPXITqbev8jVtIkumbPt5vpohe2OHWvhNGO3z2mgcxM=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-ok.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "1.0.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-db:peer-r",
+      "Network": "10.80.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "db-subnet",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "10.80.0.0/24",
+      "protocol": "TCP",
+      "portInfo": {
+        "port": 5432
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXJlcw==",
+      "RouteID": "res-db:peer-r"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..840c5a7f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-resource-policy/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 38},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-ok": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "1.0.0"}},
+    "peer-bad": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.30.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "1.0.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-ok", "peer-bad"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-version": {"Checks": {"NBVersionCheck": {"MinVersion": "0.45.0"}}}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-res",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-version"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["5432"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-db", "Type": "subnet"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "ResourcePolicies": {"res-db": [{"ID": "pol-res"}]},
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-db",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "db-subnet",
+      "Type": "subnet",
+      "Prefix": "10.80.0.0/24",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "peer-r": {"PublicID": "router-direct", "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..203b89533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "The same peer under two policies carrying different posture checks. peer-x is on an old agent version but in an allowed country, so the version-gated policy rejects it while the location-gated one admits it: it must reach peer-srv-b on 8443 and not peer-srv-a at all. Failing one policy's check must not leak into another policy's decision. peer-srv-a correspondingly sees nobody, peer-srv-b sees peer-x.",
+  "peers": ["peer-x", "peer-srv-a", "peer-srv-b"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/golden/peer-srv-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/golden/peer-srv-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8008db39c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/golden/peer-srv-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "36",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.11/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv-a.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeersIsEmpty": true,
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.11"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/golden/peer-srv-b.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/golden/peer-srv-b.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7bc45742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/golden/peer-srv-b.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "36",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.12/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv-b.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "N1oKwtIwXdTDF0HdKDss0gPhxkqz+/Z/91734QZVCng=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-x.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.40.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.12"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-x.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWxlbmllbnQ="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWxlbmllbnQ="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/golden/peer-x.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/golden/peer-x.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..461454233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/golden/peer-x.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "36",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-x.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "fT/Mb0QBqXGx2q06gXqizvlXp5uz+ErGCaKmCEXVbMk=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.12/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv-b.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "1.0.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.12"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-x.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "5353"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.12",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWxlbmllbnQ="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.12",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8443",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWxlbmllbnQ="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e0512194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/posture-two-policies/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 36},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-x": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.40.0"}, "Location": {"CountryCode": "DE", "CityName": "Berlin"}},
+    "peer-srv-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.11", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "1.0.0"}},
+    "peer-srv-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.12", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "1.0.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-clients": {"Peers": ["peer-x"]},
+    "grp-srv-a": {"Peers": ["peer-srv-a"]},
+    "grp-srv-b": {"Peers": ["peer-srv-b"]}
+  },
+  "PostureChecks": {
+    "chk-version": {"Checks": {"NBVersionCheck": {"MinVersion": "0.45.0"}}},
+    "chk-geo": {
+      "Checks": {
+        "GeoLocationCheck": {"Action": "allow", "Locations": [{"CountryCode": "DE"}]}
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-strict",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-version"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-clients"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv-a"]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-lenient",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "SourcePostureChecks": ["chk-geo"],
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["8443"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-clients"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv-b"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f9e98ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "description": "A reverse-proxy service targeting a domain network resource. The synthesised proxy-access ACL is a resource policy too: on the account path the resource-policy map was built after injection, so the routing peer must carry a route firewall rule sourced from the proxy peer for the resource's domain. The store reads the policies table and ResourcePolicies never holds it, so only the synthesis puts it there.",
+  "peers": [
+    "router-peer",
+    "proxy-peer"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/golden/proxy-peer.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/golden/proxy-peer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9e74061f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/golden/proxy-peer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "32",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.99/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "4IuEBozN3DjkJXkJtBp/9Ekkr0zkfucwk9gqxWhV1hE=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.9/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "router-peer.netbird.test",
+      "lazyState": "LazyStateLazy",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-domain:router-peer",
+      "Network": "192.0.2.0/32",
+      "NetworkType": "3",
+      "Peer": "4IuEBozN3DjkJXkJtBp/9Ekkr0zkfucwk9gqxWhV1hE=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "app-domain",
+      "Domains": [
+        "app.internal"
+      ],
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.99"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/golden/router-peer.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/golden/router-peer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0bb48a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/golden/router-peer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "32",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "router-peer.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "MgrwmZOHFZ+i0SXrfbBOcATxBAQsWKllrGL/32GvlxY=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.99/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+      "lazyState": "LazyStateLazy",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-domain:router-peer",
+      "Network": "192.0.2.0/32",
+      "NetworkType": "3",
+      "Peer": "4IuEBozN3DjkJXkJtBp/9Ekkr0zkfucwk9gqxWhV1hE=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "app-domain",
+      "Domains": [
+        "app.internal"
+      ],
+      "keepRoute": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "router-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "firewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.99/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "192.0.2.0/32",
+      "protocol": "TCP",
+      "portInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 443,
+          "end": 443
+        }
+      },
+      "isDynamic": true,
+      "domains": [
+        "app.internal"
+      ],
+      "PolicyID": "cHJveHktYWNjZXNzLXN2Yy0xLXByb3h5LXBlZXIt",
+      "RouteID": "res-domain:router-peer"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cbf729d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-domain-resource/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 32},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "router-peer": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "proxy-peer": {
+      "IP": "100.64.0.99",
+      "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"},
+      "ProxyMeta": {"Embedded": true, "Cluster": "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}
+    }
+  },
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-domain",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "app-domain",
+      "Type": "domain",
+      "Domain": "app.internal",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "router-peer": {"PublicID": "router-direct", "Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  },
+  "ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs": {"res-domain": {}},
+  "Services": [
+    {
+      "ID": "svc-1",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Mode": "http",
+      "ProxyCluster": "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+      "Targets": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Protocol": "https",
+          "TargetID": "res-domain",
+          "TargetType": "domain"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8450505f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "description": "A reverse-proxy service targeting a peer. The proxy-access ACL is synthesised from Services, never loaded from the policies table, and is what lets the cluster's embedded proxy peer reach the target on the target's port: proxy-peer gets an OUT rule to app-peer on TCP 8080 and app-peer the matching IN rule. Without the synthesis both maps are empty of each other.",
+  "peers": [
+    "proxy-peer",
+    "app-peer"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/golden/app-peer.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/golden/app-peer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e71a62ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/golden/app-peer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "30",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "app-peer.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "MgrwmZOHFZ+i0SXrfbBOcATxBAQsWKllrGL/32GvlxY=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.99/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+      "lazyState": "LazyStateLazy",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "app-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.99"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.99",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 8080,
+          "end": 8080
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cHJveHktYWNjZXNzLXN2Yy0xLXByb3h5LXBlZXIt"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/golden/proxy-peer.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/golden/proxy-peer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4c6053319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/golden/proxy-peer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "30",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.99/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "/wFxrqMtMwWNZak/f0UDddUkCZMTmxNuiuk4/RGGNcY=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "app-peer.netbird.test",
+      "lazyState": "LazyStateLazy",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "app-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.99"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 8080,
+          "end": 8080
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cHJveHktYWNjZXNzLXN2Yy0xLXByb3h5LXBlZXIt"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4645fb90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-peer-target/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 30},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "proxy-peer": {
+      "IP": "100.64.0.99",
+      "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"},
+      "ProxyMeta": {"Embedded": true, "Cluster": "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}
+    },
+    "app-peer": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Services": [
+    {
+      "ID": "svc-1",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Mode": "http",
+      "ProxyCluster": "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+      "Targets": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Port": 8080,
+          "Protocol": "http",
+          "TargetID": "app-peer",
+          "TargetType": "peer"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ef26f4cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "description": "A private reverse-proxy service. The private-access ACL is synthesised from Services, never loaded from the policies table, and is what lets the service's AccessGroups reach the cluster's embedded proxy peer on TCP 80 and 443: user-peer gets OUT rules on both ports and proxy-peer the matching IN rules. Without the synthesis both maps are empty of each other.",
+  "peers": [
+    "user-peer",
+    "proxy-peer"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/golden/proxy-peer.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/golden/proxy-peer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7022f0c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/golden/proxy-peer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "31",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.99/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "v19TN/CymWAs/WppcLjz3atM+t4ySNdImGtoPu4wnT8=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "user-peer.netbird.test",
+      "lazyState": "LazyStateLazy",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.99"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "user-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 443,
+          "end": 443
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cHJpdmF0ZS1hY2Nlc3Mtc3ZjLTEtcHJveHktcGVlcg=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 80,
+          "end": 80
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cHJpdmF0ZS1hY2Nlc3Mtc3ZjLTEtcHJveHktcGVlcg=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/golden/user-peer.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/golden/user-peer.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7197abf22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/golden/user-peer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "31",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "user-peer.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "MgrwmZOHFZ+i0SXrfbBOcATxBAQsWKllrGL/32GvlxY=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.99/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+      "lazyState": "LazyStateLazy",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "proxy-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.99"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "user-peer.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.99",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 443,
+          "end": 443
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cHJpdmF0ZS1hY2Nlc3Mtc3ZjLTEtcHJveHktcGVlcg=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.99",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 80,
+          "end": 80
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cHJpdmF0ZS1hY2Nlc3Mtc3ZjLTEtcHJveHktcGVlcg=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..066849bd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/proxy-service-private-access/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 31},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "user-peer": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "other-peer": {"IP": "100.64.0.11", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "proxy-peer": {
+      "IP": "100.64.0.99",
+      "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"},
+      "ProxyMeta": {"Embedded": true, "Cluster": "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}
+    }
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-admins": {"Peers": ["user-peer"]}
+  },
+  "Services": [
+    {
+      "ID": "svc-1",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Private": true,
+      "Mode": "http",
+      "ProxyCluster": "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+      "AccessGroups": ["grp-admins", "grp-deleted"]
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d99a239c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Classic route with access control groups: instead of the wide-open default permit, peer-r's route firewall rule must be narrowed to the policy that targets the ACL group — protocol and port from that rule, SourceRanges limited to the two source peers. peer-a still receives the route itself.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-r"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c52aecce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "27",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.9/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-acl",
+      "Network": "10.70.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "db-net"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.9",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "3306",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFjbA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.9",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "3306",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFjbA=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/golden/peer-r.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/golden/peer-r.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc03ef08c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/golden/peer-r.json
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "27",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "AvldyrZ12Pf90jzf3AXmhPwg3UcI+jtJHfbpBlupvko=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-acl",
+      "Network": "10.70.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "db-net"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "3306",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFjbA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "3306",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFjbA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "3306",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFjbA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "3306",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFjbA=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32",
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "10.70.0.0/24",
+      "protocol": "TCP",
+      "portInfo": {
+        "port": 3306
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWFjbA==",
+      "RouteID": "rt-acl"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7bfd0d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-access-control-groups/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 27},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a", "peer-b"]},
+    "grp-acl": {"Peers": ["peer-r"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-acl",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["3306"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-acl"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-acl",
+      "NetID": "db-net",
+      "Network": "10.70.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": 1,
+      "Peer": "peer-r",
+      "PeerID": "peer-r",
+      "Groups": ["grp-dev"],
+      "AccessControlGroups": ["grp-acl"],
+      "Metric": 9999,
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52d45346a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "Classic route served by a peer group instead of one peer: each routing peer's copy takes the route id with its own peer id appended and drops the PeerGroups field, and the distribution group's peer-a must receive both copies as an HA pair. Each router receives only its own copy plus a default-permit route firewall rule, because the route carries no access control groups. A policy connecting the two groups is required — route distribution follows peers the target may already talk to.",
+  "peers": ["peer-a", "peer-r1"]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd9e32274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "26",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "Iu6Lj1HqDXfgDh5RppHCRI6RO3lMlZBCndRNrdS7QUI=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.11/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r1.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "YC6sbWtvpB2d6W/XqsNIV9crsrXBoVDdwmhCoszjCps=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.12/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r2.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-ha:peer-r1",
+      "Network": "10.60.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "Iu6Lj1HqDXfgDh5RppHCRI6RO3lMlZBCndRNrdS7QUI=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "ha-net"
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-ha:peer-r2",
+      "Network": "10.60.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "YC6sbWtvpB2d6W/XqsNIV9crsrXBoVDdwmhCoszjCps=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "ha-net"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r1.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.11"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r2.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.12"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.11",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.11",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.12",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.12",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/golden/peer-r1.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/golden/peer-r1.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd8bdecd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/golden/peer-r1.json
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "26",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.11/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r1.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-ha:peer-r1",
+      "Network": "10.60.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "Iu6Lj1HqDXfgDh5RppHCRI6RO3lMlZBCndRNrdS7QUI=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "ha-net"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r1.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.11"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r2.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.12"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "0.0.0.0/0"
+      ],
+      "destination": "10.60.0.0/24",
+      "protocol": "ALL",
+      "portInfo": {},
+      "RouteID": "rt-ha:peer-r1"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b81a585f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/route-peer-groups-ha/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 26},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r1": {"IP": "100.64.0.11", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r2": {"IP": "100.64.0.12", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]},
+    "grp-routers": {"Peers": ["peer-r1", "peer-r2"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-conn",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["8080"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-routers"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-ha",
+      "NetID": "ha-net",
+      "Network": "10.60.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": 1,
+      "PeerGroups": ["grp-routers"],
+      "Groups": ["grp-dev"],
+      "Metric": 9999,
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a94d3653f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "description": "Classic route distributed to grp-dev plus a network resource behind router peer-r with a resource policy; peer-a gets routes and route firewall rules, peer-r gets the routing-peer view.",
+  "peers": [
+    "peer-a",
+    "peer-r"
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9426bd846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "7",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.9/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-db:peer-r",
+      "Network": "10.10.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "db",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-1",
+      "Network": "10.20.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "office-net"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.9",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.9",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/golden/peer-r.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/golden/peer-r.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5971796d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/golden/peer-r.json
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "7",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.9/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+    "RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled": true,
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "AvldyrZ12Pf90jzf3AXmhPwg3UcI+jtJHfbpBlupvko=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-db:peer-r",
+      "Network": "10.10.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "db",
+      "keepRoute": true
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-1",
+      "Network": "10.20.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": "1",
+      "Peer": "ImPDKs2PJxHA24/N7umWi8lfEf2B0B5W/7dYZUzNS3s=",
+      "Metric": "9999",
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "NetID": "office-net"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-r.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.9"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "8080",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWNvbm4="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "0.0.0.0/0"
+      ],
+      "destination": "10.20.0.0/24",
+      "protocol": "ALL",
+      "portInfo": {},
+      "RouteID": "rt-1"
+    },
+    {
+      "sourceRanges": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32",
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "destination": "10.10.0.0/24",
+      "protocol": "TCP",
+      "portInfo": {
+        "port": 5432
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLWRi",
+      "RouteID": "res-db:peer-r"
+    }
+  ],
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..795047f50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/routes-resources/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 7},
+  "AccountSettings": {"RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled": true},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-r": {"IP": "100.64.0.9", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a", "peer-b"]},
+    "grp-routers": {"Peers": ["peer-r"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-conn",
+      "PublicID": "pol-conn-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Ports": ["8080"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-routers"]
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-db",
+      "PublicID": "pol-db-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["5432"],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-db", "Type": "subnet"}
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "ResourcePolicies": {
+    "res-db": [
+      {
+        "ID": "pol-db",
+        "PublicID": "pol-db-pub",
+        "Enabled": true,
+        "Rules": [
+          {
+            "Enabled": true,
+            "Action": "accept",
+            "Protocol": "tcp",
+            "Ports": ["5432"],
+            "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+            "DestinationResource": {"ID": "res-db", "Type": "subnet"}
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  "Routes": [
+    {
+      "ID": "rt-1",
+      "PublicID": "rt-1-pub",
+      "NetID": "office-net",
+      "Network": "10.20.0.0/24",
+      "NetworkType": 1,
+      "Peer": "peer-r",
+      "PeerID": "peer-r",
+      "Metric": 9999,
+      "Masquerade": true,
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Groups": ["grp-dev"]
+    }
+  ],
+  "NetworkResources": [
+    {
+      "ID": "res-db",
+      "PublicID": "res-db-pub",
+      "NetworkID": "net-1",
+      "Name": "db",
+      "Type": "subnet",
+      "Prefix": "10.10.0.0/24",
+      "Enabled": true
+    }
+  ],
+  "Routers": {
+    "net-1": {
+      "peer-r": {"Masquerade": true, "Metric": 9999, "Enabled": true}
+    }
+  },
+  "NetworkXIDToPublicID": {"net-1": "net-1-pub"}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78ac576d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "netbird-ssh with AuthorizedGroups: grp-admins members may log in as root, grp-oncall (empty local-user list) as any machine user; peer-srv must receive both mappings in SshAuth, clients get plain TCP firewall rules. THE ENVELOPE EXPECTATION CURRENTLY FAILS, and should: encodeAuthorizedGroups/encodeGroupIDToUserIDs translate group keys via components.Groups, which never holds user-only groups, so the wire loses every authorized user while PeerConfig still reports sshEnabled — the peer runs sshd and denies every login. Pre-existing on main since PR #6711, not a regression. Fix the encoder, do not weaken this expectation.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv", "peer-a"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/golden/peer-a.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/golden/peer-a.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6560bc74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/golden/peer-a.json
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "10",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.1/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "jEboa3bOv65XRbq8+8JuagiwWz+mM7Fc5MUfBQbOf6Y=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.10/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.10",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 22022,
+          "end": 22022
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXNzaA=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a66bcbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "10",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {
+      "sshEnabled": true
+    },
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "AvldyrZ12Pf90jzf3AXmhPwg3UcI+jtJHfbpBlupvko=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.2/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    },
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-b.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.2"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 22022,
+          "end": 22022
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXNzaA=="
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.2",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 22022,
+          "end": 22022
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXNzaA=="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub",
+    "AuthorizedUsers": [
+      "CF6q+CJTtcJE8MVIcpPyOw==",
+      "zSsmm7BAxWD/EuunyETFXA==",
+      "0M0MizUGgS6HAaJa0LjGKQ=="
+    ],
+    "machineUsers": {
+      "*": {
+        "indexes": [
+          2
+        ]
+      },
+      "root": {
+        "indexes": [
+          0,
+          1
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de0788ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-groups/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 10},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-b": {"IP": "100.64.0.2", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a", "peer-b"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "GroupIDToUserIDs": {
+    "grp-admins": ["user-x", "user-y"],
+    "grp-oncall": ["user-z"]
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-ssh",
+      "PublicID": "pol-ssh-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "netbird-ssh",
+          "PortRanges": [{"Start": 22022, "End": 22022}],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"],
+          "AuthorizedGroups": {
+            "grp-admins": ["root"],
+            "grp-oncall": []
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-user/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-user/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e4799638e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-user/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "netbird-ssh with a single AuthorizedUser: peer-srv's SshAuth maps the wildcard machine user to exactly user-solo.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-user/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-user/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dde0d4014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-user/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "11",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {
+      "sshEnabled": true
+    },
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 22022,
+          "end": 22022
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXNzaC11c2Vy"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub",
+    "AuthorizedUsers": [
+      "/6cwl49UgLozU42NCr0RUA=="
+    ],
+    "machineUsers": {
+      "*": {
+        "indexes": [
+          0
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-user/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-user/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c92329a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-authorized-user/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 11},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-ssh-user",
+      "PublicID": "pol-ssh-user-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "netbird-ssh",
+          "PortRanges": [{"Start": 22022, "End": 22022}],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"],
+          "AuthorizedUser": "user-solo"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-fallback-allowed-users/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-fallback-allowed-users/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d4fb6c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-fallback-allowed-users/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "netbird-ssh with neither AuthorizedGroups nor AuthorizedUser falls back to the account AllowedUserIDs under the wildcard machine user — and works with the peer's own SSHEnabled left off, unlike legacy SSH.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-fallback-allowed-users/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-fallback-allowed-users/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e63768a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-fallback-allowed-users/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "12",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {
+      "sshEnabled": true
+    },
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "PortInfo": {
+        "range": {
+          "start": 22022,
+          "end": 22022
+        }
+      },
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXNzaC1hbnk="
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub",
+    "AuthorizedUsers": [
+      "O8fBfcakRSAM4gX+YBNe+w==",
+      "1vwcS03btOdBRX0dhz0NRg=="
+    ],
+    "machineUsers": {
+      "*": {
+        "indexes": [
+          0,
+          1
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-fallback-allowed-users/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-fallback-allowed-users/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97bfe3342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-fallback-allowed-users/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 12},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "AllowedUserIDs": {"user-1": {}, "user-2": {}},
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-ssh-any",
+      "PublicID": "pol-ssh-any-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "netbird-ssh",
+          "PortRanges": [{"Start": 22022, "End": 22022}],
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-legacy-disabled/case.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-legacy-disabled/case.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1427fbd19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-legacy-disabled/case.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "description": "A tcp/22 policy implies legacy SSH only when the destination peer has SSHEnabled; here it does not, so peer-srv gets the firewall rules but no authorized users.",
+  "peers": ["peer-srv"]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-legacy-disabled/golden/peer-srv.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-legacy-disabled/golden/peer-srv.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1ab6d4697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-legacy-disabled/golden/peer-srv.json
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+{
+  "Serial": "13",
+  "peerConfig": {
+    "address": "100.64.0.10/10",
+    "sshConfig": {},
+    "fqdn": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+    "autoUpdate": {}
+  },
+  "remotePeers": [
+    {
+      "wgPubKey": "vblMc9U8RAI6cVopcKEMTVT6lVC3D9nTTMSwot5d3L4=",
+      "allowedIps": [
+        "100.64.0.1/32"
+      ],
+      "sshConfig": {},
+      "fqdn": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+      "agentVersion": "0.60.0"
+    }
+  ],
+  "DNSConfig": {
+    "ServiceEnable": true,
+    "CustomZones": [
+      {
+        "Domain": "netbird.test.",
+        "Records": [
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-a.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.1"
+          },
+          {
+            "Name": "peer-srv.netbird.test",
+            "Type": "1",
+            "Class": "IN",
+            "TTL": "300",
+            "RData": "100.64.0.10"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ],
+    "ForwarderPort": "22054"
+  },
+  "FirewallRules": [
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXRjcDIy"
+    },
+    {
+      "PeerIP": "100.64.0.1",
+      "Direction": "OUT",
+      "Protocol": "TCP",
+      "Port": "22",
+      "PolicyID": "cG9sLXRjcDIy"
+    }
+  ],
+  "routesFirewallRulesIsEmpty": true,
+  "sshAuth": {
+    "UserIDClaim": "sub"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-legacy-disabled/nmdata.json b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-legacy-disabled/nmdata.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f00d0f06e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/nmaptest/testdata/cases/ssh-legacy-disabled/nmdata.json
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+{
+  "Network": {"Serial": 13},
+  "Peers": {
+    "peer-a": {"IP": "100.64.0.1", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}},
+    "peer-srv": {"IP": "100.64.0.10", "Meta": {"WtVersion": "0.60.0"}}
+  },
+  "Groups": {
+    "grp-dev": {"Peers": ["peer-a"]},
+    "grp-srv": {"Peers": ["peer-srv"]}
+  },
+  "AllowedUserIDs": {"user-1": {}},
+  "Policies": [
+    {
+      "ID": "pol-tcp22",
+      "PublicID": "pol-tcp22-pub",
+      "Enabled": true,
+      "Rules": [
+        {
+          "Enabled": true,
+          "Action": "accept",
+          "Protocol": "tcp",
+          "Ports": ["22"],
+          "Bidirectional": true,
+          "Sources": ["grp-dev"],
+          "Destinations": ["grp-srv"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel/updatechannel.go b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel/updatechannel.go
index 5f7db5300..91627bf15 100644
--- a/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel/updatechannel.go
+++ b/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel/updatechannel.go
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func (p *PeersUpdateManager) SendUpdate(ctx context.Context, peerID string, upda
 		found = true
 		select {
 		case channel <- update:
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("update was sent to channel for peer %s", peerID)
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("update was sent to channel for peer %s", peerID)
 		default:
 			dropped = true
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("channel for peer %s is %d full or closed", peerID, len(channel))
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/accesslog_ingest.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/accesslog_ingest.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecc1780f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/accesslog_ingest.go
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"math"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// Metadata keys the proxy stamps on agent-network access-log entries. These
+// mirror the constants in proxy/internal/middleware/keys.go and form the wire
+// contract between the proxy and management; management flattens them into
+// queryable columns. Keep in sync with the proxy side.
+const (
+	metaKeyProvider            = "llm.provider"
+	metaKeyModel               = "llm.model"
+	metaKeyResolvedProviderID  = "llm.resolved_provider_id"
+	metaKeySelectedPolicyID    = "llm.selected_policy_id"
+	metaKeyPolicyDecision      = "llm_policy.decision"
+	metaKeyPolicyReason        = "llm_policy.reason"
+	metaKeyInputTokens         = "llm.input_tokens"          //nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	metaKeyOutputTokens        = "llm.output_tokens"         //nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	metaKeyTotalTokens         = "llm.total_tokens"          //nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	metaKeyCachedInputTokens   = "llm.cached_input_tokens"   //nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	metaKeyCacheCreationTokens = "llm.cache_creation_tokens" //nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	metaKeyCostUSDInput        = "cost.usd_input"
+	metaKeyCostUSDCachedInput  = "cost.usd_cached_input"
+	metaKeyCostUSDCacheCreate  = "cost.usd_cache_creation"
+	metaKeyCostUSDOutput       = "cost.usd_output"
+	metaKeyStream              = "llm.stream"
+	metaKeySessionID           = "llm.session_id"
+	metaKeyAuthorisingGroups   = "llm.authorising_groups"
+	metaKeyRequestPrompt       = "llm.request_prompt"
+	metaKeyResponseCompletion  = "llm.response_completion"
+)
+
+// IngestAccessLog flattens the metadata-bearing reverse-proxy access-log entry
+// and persists it in the dedicated agent-network tables (instead of the shared
+// reverse-proxy table), in two parts:
+//
+//   - The stripped usage record is written unconditionally — usage/cost is
+//     collected on every request regardless of the account's log-collection
+//     toggle (the proxy ships a usage-only entry when logging is disabled).
+//   - The full access-log row (with request detail + prompt) is written only
+//     when the account's EnableLogCollection setting is on. This setting read
+//     is the authoritative gate; the proxy-side strip is defense in depth.
+func IngestAccessLog(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, logEntry *accesslogs.AccessLogEntry) error {
+	entry, groups := flattenAccessLog(logEntry)
+
+	usage, usageGroups := usageFromFlattenedLog(entry, groups)
+	if err := s.CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx, usage, usageGroups); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"account_id": entry.AccountID,
+			"model":      entry.Model,
+		}).Errorf("failed to save agent-network usage: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	settings, err := s.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, entry.AccountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		// No settings row (or a transient read error) means we can't confirm
+		// log collection is enabled — usage is already saved, so skip the full
+		// row rather than fail the whole ingest.
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("skipping full agent-network access-log row for account %s: %v", entry.AccountID, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !settings.EnableLogCollection {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, entry, groups); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"account_id": entry.AccountID,
+			"service_id": entry.ServiceID,
+			"model":      entry.Model,
+			"status":     entry.StatusCode,
+		}).Errorf("failed to save agent-network access log: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// flattenAccessLog converts a reverse-proxy AccessLogEntry (whose LLM
+// dimensions live in the opaque Metadata map) into the flattened
+// agent-network row + authorising-group child rows.
+func flattenAccessLog(e *accesslogs.AccessLogEntry) (*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog, []types.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup) {
+	meta := e.Metadata
+
+	var sourceIP string
+	if e.GeoLocation.ConnectionIP != nil {
+		sourceIP = e.GeoLocation.ConnectionIP.String()
+	}
+
+	entry := &types.AgentNetworkAccessLog{
+		ID:            e.ID,
+		AccountID:     e.AccountID,
+		ServiceID:     e.ServiceID,
+		Timestamp:     e.Timestamp,
+		UserID:        e.UserId,
+		SourceIP:      sourceIP,
+		Method:        e.Method,
+		Host:          e.Host,
+		Path:          e.Path,
+		Duration:      e.Duration,
+		StatusCode:    e.StatusCode,
+		AuthMethod:    e.AuthMethodUsed,
+		BytesUpload:   e.BytesUpload,
+		BytesDownload: e.BytesDownload,
+
+		Provider:             meta[metaKeyProvider],
+		Model:                meta[metaKeyModel],
+		SessionID:            meta[metaKeySessionID],
+		ResolvedProviderID:   meta[metaKeyResolvedProviderID],
+		SelectedPolicyID:     meta[metaKeySelectedPolicyID],
+		Decision:             meta[metaKeyPolicyDecision],
+		DenyReason:           meta[metaKeyPolicyReason],
+		InputTokens:          parseMetaInt(meta, metaKeyInputTokens),
+		OutputTokens:         parseMetaInt(meta, metaKeyOutputTokens),
+		TotalTokens:          parseMetaInt(meta, metaKeyTotalTokens),
+		CachedInputTokens:    parseMetaInt(meta, metaKeyCachedInputTokens),
+		CacheCreationTokens:  parseMetaInt(meta, metaKeyCacheCreationTokens),
+		InputCostUSD:         parseMetaFloat(meta, metaKeyCostUSDInput),
+		CachedInputCostUSD:   parseMetaFloat(meta, metaKeyCostUSDCachedInput),
+		CacheCreationCostUSD: parseMetaFloat(meta, metaKeyCostUSDCacheCreate),
+		OutputCostUSD:        parseMetaFloat(meta, metaKeyCostUSDOutput),
+		Stream:               parseMetaBool(meta, metaKeyStream),
+		RequestPrompt:        meta[metaKeyRequestPrompt],
+		ResponseCompletion:   meta[metaKeyResponseCompletion],
+	}
+
+	var groups []types.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup
+	for _, gid := range parseGroupCSV(meta[metaKeyAuthorisingGroups]) {
+		groups = append(groups, types.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup{
+			LogID:     entry.ID,
+			GroupID:   gid,
+			AccountID: entry.AccountID,
+		})
+	}
+	return entry, groups
+}
+
+// usageFromFlattenedLog derives the stripped usage record (and its group child
+// rows) from an already-flattened access-log entry. The usage row shares the
+// log's ID so the two correlate.
+func usageFromFlattenedLog(e *types.AgentNetworkAccessLog, groups []types.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup) (*types.AgentNetworkUsage, []types.AgentNetworkUsageGroup) {
+	usage := &types.AgentNetworkUsage{
+		ID:                   e.ID,
+		AccountID:            e.AccountID,
+		Timestamp:            e.Timestamp,
+		UserID:               e.UserID,
+		ResolvedProviderID:   e.ResolvedProviderID,
+		Provider:             e.Provider,
+		Model:                e.Model,
+		SessionID:            e.SessionID,
+		InputTokens:          e.InputTokens,
+		OutputTokens:         e.OutputTokens,
+		TotalTokens:          e.TotalTokens,
+		CachedInputTokens:    e.CachedInputTokens,
+		CacheCreationTokens:  e.CacheCreationTokens,
+		InputCostUSD:         e.InputCostUSD,
+		CachedInputCostUSD:   e.CachedInputCostUSD,
+		CacheCreationCostUSD: e.CacheCreationCostUSD,
+		OutputCostUSD:        e.OutputCostUSD,
+	}
+
+	usageGroups := make([]types.AgentNetworkUsageGroup, 0, len(groups))
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		usageGroups = append(usageGroups, types.AgentNetworkUsageGroup{
+			UsageID:   usage.ID,
+			GroupID:   g.GroupID,
+			AccountID: g.AccountID,
+		})
+	}
+	return usage, usageGroups
+}
+
+// parseMetaInt parses a non-negative token count. Negative or unparseable
+// values are clamped to 0 so a malformed metric can't persist a negative
+// counter.
+func parseMetaInt(meta map[string]string, key string) int64 {
+	if v, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(meta[key]), 10, 64); err == nil && v >= 0 {
+		return v
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// parseMetaFloat parses a non-negative, finite cost. Negative, NaN, Inf, or
+// unparseable values are clamped to 0 so a malformed metric can't poison the
+// stored cost.
+func parseMetaFloat(meta map[string]string, key string) float64 {
+	if v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(strings.TrimSpace(meta[key]), 64); err == nil && v >= 0 && !math.IsInf(v, 0) {
+		return v
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func parseMetaBool(meta map[string]string, key string) bool {
+	v, _ := strconv.ParseBool(strings.TrimSpace(meta[key]))
+	return v
+}
+
+// parseGroupCSV splits the comma-separated authorising-group id list the proxy
+// emits, trimming blanks and de-duplicating. Dedup matters because the group
+// rows are keyed by (log_id, group_id) / (usage_id, group_id): a repeated id
+// in the CSV would otherwise produce a duplicate primary key and fail the
+// insert transaction.
+func parseGroupCSV(raw string) []string {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(raw, ",")
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(parts))
+	for _, p := range parts {
+		if p = strings.TrimSpace(p); p != "" {
+			if _, dup := seen[p]; dup {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[p] = struct{}{}
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/accesslog_ingest_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/accesslog_ingest_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd81cfbe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/accesslog_ingest_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// newIngestTestEntry builds an agent-network reverse-proxy access-log entry whose
+// LLM dimensions live in the opaque Metadata map, as the proxy ships it.
+func newIngestTestEntry() *accesslogs.AccessLogEntry {
+	return &accesslogs.AccessLogEntry{
+		ID:           "log-1",
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		ServiceID:    "svc-1",
+		Timestamp:    time.Now().UTC(),
+		Method:       "POST",
+		Host:         testEndpoint,
+		Path:         "/v1/chat/completions",
+		StatusCode:   200,
+		UserId:       "user-1",
+		AgentNetwork: true,
+		Metadata: map[string]string{
+			metaKeyProvider:            "openai",
+			metaKeyModel:               "gpt-5.4",
+			metaKeyResolvedProviderID:  "prov-1",
+			metaKeySessionID:           "sess-1",
+			metaKeyInputTokens:         "100",
+			metaKeyOutputTokens:        "50",
+			metaKeyTotalTokens:         "1174",
+			metaKeyCachedInputTokens:   "256",
+			metaKeyCacheCreationTokens: "768",
+			metaKeyCostUSDInput:        "0.0071",
+			metaKeyCostUSDCachedInput:  "0.0009",
+			metaKeyCostUSDCacheCreate:  "0.0020",
+			metaKeyCostUSDOutput:       "0.0023",
+			metaKeyStream:              "true",
+			metaKeyRequestPrompt:       "hello",
+			metaKeyResponseCompletion:  "world",
+			// repeated id must be de-duplicated before the group rows insert.
+			metaKeyAuthorisingGroups: "grp-eng,grp-eng,grp-ops",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIngestAccessLog_RealStore_LogCollectionOff persists the usage ledger
+// unconditionally but skips the full access-log row when the account hasn't
+// opted into log collection.
+func TestIngestAccessLog_RealStore_LogCollectionOff(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	settings := newSynthTestSettings()
+	settings.EnableLogCollection = false
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings))
+
+	require.NoError(t, IngestAccessLog(ctx, s, newIngestTestEntry()))
+
+	usage, err := s.GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, usage, 1, "usage row must be written even with log collection off")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(100), usage[0].InputTokens, "input tokens must round-trip from metadata")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(50), usage[0].OutputTokens, "output tokens must round-trip from metadata")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(256), usage[0].CachedInputTokens, "cache-read tokens must round-trip from metadata")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(768), usage[0].CacheCreationTokens, "cache-write tokens must round-trip from metadata")
+	// The per-bucket breakdown is the only cost state stored, and must survive
+	// the write/read cycle as real columns — usage rows are the only cost
+	// record for accounts with log collection off, so a dropped column here
+	// loses the split permanently.
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0071, usage[0].InputCostUSD, 1e-9, "input cost must round-trip from metadata")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0009, usage[0].CachedInputCostUSD, 1e-9, "cache-read cost must round-trip from metadata")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0020, usage[0].CacheCreationCostUSD, 1e-9, "cache-write cost must round-trip from metadata")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0023, usage[0].OutputCostUSD, 1e-9, "output cost must round-trip from metadata")
+	// Aggregates are derived from the stored columns, never stored themselves.
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0123, usage[0].TotalCostUSD(), 1e-9, "total is derived from the stored buckets")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0029, usage[0].CacheCostUSD(), 1e-9, "cache cost is derived from the two cache buckets")
+
+	logs, _, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, logs, "full access-log row must be skipped while log collection is off")
+}
+
+// TestIngestAccessLog_RealStore_LogCollectionOn writes both the usage ledger and
+// the full access-log row once the account opts in, carrying the request detail
+// and prompt through.
+func TestIngestAccessLog_RealStore_LogCollectionOn(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	settings := newSynthTestSettings()
+	settings.EnableLogCollection = true
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings))
+
+	require.NoError(t, IngestAccessLog(ctx, s, newIngestTestEntry()))
+
+	usage, err := s.GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, usage, 1, "usage row must be written when log collection is on")
+
+	logs, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(1), total, "exactly one access-log row expected")
+	require.Len(t, logs, 1, "full access-log row must be written when log collection is on")
+	assert.Equal(t, "gpt-5.4", logs[0].Model, "model must flatten from metadata")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(256), logs[0].CachedInputTokens, "cache-read tokens must flatten from metadata")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(768), logs[0].CacheCreationTokens, "cache-write tokens must flatten from metadata")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0029, logs[0].CacheCostUSD(), 1e-9, "cache cost is derived from the two cache buckets")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0123, logs[0].TotalCostUSD(), 1e-9, "total is derived from the stored buckets")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0071, logs[0].InputCostUSD, 1e-9, "input cost must flatten from metadata")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0009, logs[0].CachedInputCostUSD, 1e-9, "cache-read cost must flatten from metadata")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0020, logs[0].CacheCreationCostUSD, 1e-9, "cache-write cost must flatten from metadata")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0023, logs[0].OutputCostUSD, 1e-9, "output cost must flatten from metadata")
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello", logs[0].RequestPrompt, "prompt must be retained when log collection is on")
+	assert.Equal(t, "world", logs[0].ResponseCompletion, "completion must be retained when log collection is on")
+	assert.True(t, logs[0].Stream, "stream flag must flatten from metadata")
+}
+
+func TestParseGroupCSV_DedupAndTrim(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Nil(t, parseGroupCSV(""), "empty CSV yields no groups")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"a", "b"}, parseGroupCSV(" a , b , a ,"),
+		"group CSV must trim, drop blanks, and de-duplicate preserving first-seen order")
+}
+
+func TestParseMetaInt_ClampsNegativeAndJunk(t *testing.T) {
+	meta := map[string]string{"ok": " 42 ", "neg": "-5", "junk": "abc"}
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(42), parseMetaInt(meta, "ok"), "valid count parses with surrounding space trimmed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), parseMetaInt(meta, "neg"), "negative count clamps to 0")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), parseMetaInt(meta, "junk"), "unparseable count clamps to 0")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), parseMetaInt(meta, "missing"), "missing key clamps to 0")
+}
+
+func TestParseMetaFloat_ClampsNegativeInfAndJunk(t *testing.T) {
+	meta := map[string]string{"ok": "1.5", "neg": "-1", "inf": "Inf", "junk": "x"}
+	assert.InDelta(t, 1.5, parseMetaFloat(meta, "ok"), 1e-9, "valid cost parses")
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(0), parseMetaFloat(meta, "neg"), "negative cost clamps to 0")
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(0), parseMetaFloat(meta, "inf"), "non-finite cost clamps to 0")
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(0), parseMetaFloat(meta, "junk"), "unparseable cost clamps to 0")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/accesslog_sessions_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/accesslog_sessions_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94518c2f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/accesslog_sessions_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// baseTime is a fixed reference so session timestamps (and therefore the
+// default MAX(timestamp) DESC ordering) are deterministic across runs.
+var baseTime = time.Date(2026, 6, 30, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+// accessLogRow builds an agent-network access-log row for the shared test
+// account. Functional options tweak the LLM dimensions a given test cares
+// about; everything else gets a sane, allow/200 default.
+func accessLogRow(id, sessionID string, ts time.Time, opts ...func(*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog)) *types.AgentNetworkAccessLog {
+	e := &types.AgentNetworkAccessLog{
+		ID:                 id,
+		AccountID:          testAccountID,
+		ServiceID:          "svc-1",
+		Timestamp:          ts,
+		UserID:             "user-1",
+		SessionID:          sessionID,
+		Method:             "POST",
+		Host:               testEndpoint,
+		Path:               "/v1/chat/completions",
+		StatusCode:         200,
+		Decision:           "allow",
+		Provider:           "openai",
+		Model:              "gpt-5.4",
+		ResolvedProviderID: "prov-1",
+		InputTokens:        100,
+		OutputTokens:       50,
+		TotalTokens:        150,
+		InputCostUSD:       0.01,
+	}
+	for _, o := range opts {
+		o(e)
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+func withUser(u string) func(*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+	return func(e *types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) { e.UserID = u }
+}
+
+func withModel(m string) func(*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+	return func(e *types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) { e.Model = m }
+}
+
+func withProvider(vendor, resolvedID string) func(*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+	return func(e *types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+		e.Provider = vendor
+		e.ResolvedProviderID = resolvedID
+	}
+}
+
+func withDeny(reason string) func(*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+	return func(e *types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+		e.Decision = "deny"
+		e.DenyReason = reason
+		e.StatusCode = 403
+	}
+}
+
+func withTokens(in, out, total int64, cost float64) func(*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+	return func(e *types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+		e.InputTokens = in
+		e.OutputTokens = out
+		e.TotalTokens = total
+		e.InputCostUSD = cost
+	}
+}
+
+func withGroups(gids ...string) func(*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+	return func(e *types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) { e.GroupIDs = gids }
+}
+
+// seedAccessLogs writes rows (and their authorising-group child rows) directly
+// into the store, bypassing ingest so a test can control every dimension.
+func seedAccessLogs(t *testing.T, s store.Store, rows ...*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		var groups []types.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup
+		for _, g := range r.GroupIDs {
+			groups = append(groups, types.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup{
+				LogID:     r.ID,
+				GroupID:   g,
+				AccountID: r.AccountID,
+			})
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, r, groups), "seed access-log row %s", r.ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func newSessionsTestStore(t *testing.T) store.Store {
+	t.Helper()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+	return s
+}
+
+// sessionIDs projects the session ids from a page of session summaries, in
+// order, for concise ordering assertions.
+func sessionIDs(sessions []*types.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(sessions))
+	for _, s := range sessions {
+		out = append(out, s.SessionID)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// TestAccessLogSessions_FoldAndAggregate verifies that multiple entries sharing
+// a session id fold into one summary with summed usage, distinct
+// provider/model lists, a deny rollup, and correct first/last activity bounds.
+func TestAccessLogSessions_FoldAndAggregate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newSessionsTestStore(t)
+
+	// sess-a: three entries spanning 3 minutes, two providers/models, one deny.
+	seedAccessLogs(t, s,
+		accessLogRow("a1", "sess-a", baseTime,
+			withProvider("openai", "prov-openai"), withModel("gpt-5.4"),
+			withTokens(100, 50, 150, 0.01), withGroups("grp-eng")),
+		accessLogRow("a2", "sess-a", baseTime.Add(1*time.Minute),
+			withProvider("anthropic", "prov-anthropic"), withModel("claude-haiku-4-5"),
+			withTokens(200, 80, 280, 0.02), withGroups("grp-eng", "grp-ops")),
+		accessLogRow("a3", "sess-a", baseTime.Add(2*time.Minute),
+			withProvider("openai", "prov-openai"), withModel("gpt-5.4"),
+			withTokens(10, 5, 15, 0.001), withDeny("llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded")),
+		// sess-b: a single allow entry.
+		accessLogRow("b1", "sess-b", baseTime.Add(30*time.Minute),
+			withTokens(1, 2, 3, 0.5)),
+	)
+
+	sessions, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(2), total, "two distinct sessions")
+	require.Len(t, sessions, 2)
+
+	// Default sort is last-activity DESC, so sess-b (12:30) precedes sess-a (12:02).
+	require.Equal(t, []string{"sess-b", "sess-a"}, sessionIDs(sessions))
+
+	a := sessions[1]
+	assert.Equal(t, "sess-a", a.SessionID)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, a.RequestCount, "three requests folded")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(310), a.InputTokens, "input tokens summed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(135), a.OutputTokens, "output tokens summed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(445), a.TotalTokens, "total tokens summed")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.031, a.TotalCostUSD(), 1e-9, "cost summed")
+	assert.Equal(t, "deny", a.Decision, "any deny makes the session a deny")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"openai", "anthropic"}, a.Providers, "distinct providers")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"gpt-5.4", "claude-haiku-4-5"}, a.Models, "distinct models")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"grp-eng", "grp-ops"}, a.GroupIDs, "union of authorising groups")
+	assert.Equal(t, baseTime, a.StartedAt.UTC(), "started at is the earliest entry")
+	assert.Equal(t, baseTime.Add(2*time.Minute), a.EndedAt.UTC(), "ended at is the latest entry")
+	assert.Len(t, a.Entries, 3, "entries carried through")
+
+	b := sessions[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "sess-b", b.SessionID)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, b.RequestCount)
+	assert.Equal(t, "allow", b.Decision)
+}
+
+// TestAccessLogSessions_SessionlessRowsAreSingletons verifies that entries with
+// no session id each form their own singleton session keyed by the row id.
+func TestAccessLogSessions_SessionlessRowsAreSingletons(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newSessionsTestStore(t)
+
+	seedAccessLogs(t, s,
+		accessLogRow("solo-1", "", baseTime),
+		accessLogRow("solo-2", "", baseTime.Add(time.Minute)),
+		// A real session with two entries, to prove they don't merge with the singletons.
+		accessLogRow("g1", "sess-x", baseTime.Add(2*time.Minute)),
+		accessLogRow("g2", "sess-x", baseTime.Add(3*time.Minute)),
+	)
+
+	sessions, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(3), total, "two singletons + one grouped session")
+	require.Len(t, sessions, 3)
+
+	for _, sess := range sessions {
+		if sess.SessionID == "sess-x" {
+			assert.Equal(t, 2, sess.RequestCount, "grouped session folds both entries")
+		} else {
+			assert.Empty(t, sess.SessionID, "singleton carries no session id")
+			assert.Equal(t, 1, sess.RequestCount, "singleton has exactly one request")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAccessLogSessions_Pagination verifies that paging returns the correct
+// slice of sessions in stable order, with a stable total across pages and no
+// overlap between pages.
+func TestAccessLogSessions_Pagination(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newSessionsTestStore(t)
+
+	// Five sessions, each a single entry, with increasing timestamps so the
+	// default MAX(timestamp) DESC order is sess-5, sess-4, sess-3, sess-2, sess-1.
+	rows := make([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog, 0, 5)
+	for i := 1; i <= 5; i++ {
+		rows = append(rows, accessLogRow(
+			"row-"+itoa(i), "sess-"+itoa(i), baseTime.Add(time.Duration(i)*time.Minute)))
+	}
+	seedAccessLogs(t, s, rows...)
+
+	page := func(p int) []*types.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession {
+		sessions, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID,
+			types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: p, PageSize: 2})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(5), total, "total session count is stable across pages")
+		return sessions
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"sess-5", "sess-4"}, sessionIDs(page(1)), "page 1: two newest")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"sess-3", "sess-2"}, sessionIDs(page(2)), "page 2: next two")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"sess-1"}, sessionIDs(page(3)), "page 3: remaining one")
+	assert.Empty(t, page(4), "page 4: past the end is empty")
+}
+
+// TestAccessLogSessions_Filtering verifies each filter is applied before
+// grouping, so the session set (and total) reflect only matching entries.
+func TestAccessLogSessions_Filtering(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newSessionsTestStore(t)
+
+	seedAccessLogs(t, s,
+		accessLogRow("r1", "sess-1", baseTime.Add(1*time.Minute),
+			withUser("alice"), withProvider("openai", "prov-openai"), withModel("gpt-5.4")),
+		accessLogRow("r2", "sess-2", baseTime.Add(2*time.Minute),
+			withUser("bob"), withProvider("anthropic", "prov-anthropic"), withModel("claude-haiku-4-5"),
+			withDeny("llm_policy.no_authorized_provider"), withGroups("grp-ops")),
+		accessLogRow("r3", "sess-3", baseTime.Add(3*time.Minute),
+			withUser("alice"), withProvider("openai", "prov-openai"), withModel("gpt-5.4"),
+			withGroups("grp-eng")),
+	)
+
+	filterCases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		filter  types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter
+		wantIDs []string
+		wantTot int64
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "by session id",
+			filter:  types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{SessionID: strp("sess-2")},
+			wantIDs: []string{"sess-2"},
+			wantTot: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "by user id",
+			filter:  types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{UserID: strp("alice")},
+			wantIDs: []string{"sess-3", "sess-1"}, // last-activity DESC
+			wantTot: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "by model",
+			filter:  types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Models: []string{"claude-haiku-4-5"}},
+			wantIDs: []string{"sess-2"},
+			wantTot: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "by resolved provider id",
+			filter:  types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{ProviderIDs: []string{"prov-openai"}},
+			wantIDs: []string{"sess-3", "sess-1"},
+			wantTot: 2,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "by decision deny",
+			filter:  types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Decision: strp("deny")},
+			wantIDs: []string{"sess-2"},
+			wantTot: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "by authorising group",
+			filter:  types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{GroupIDs: []string{"grp-eng"}},
+			wantIDs: []string{"sess-3"},
+			wantTot: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "by date range excludes earlier",
+			filter: types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{
+				StartDate: tp(baseTime.Add(90 * time.Second)), // after r1 (12:01), before r2 (12:02)
+			},
+			wantIDs: []string{"sess-3", "sess-2"},
+			wantTot: 2,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range filterCases {
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			sessions, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, tc.filter)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantTot, total, "filtered total")
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantIDs, sessionIDs(sessions), "filtered session ids in order")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAccessLogSessions_SortByCost verifies session-level aggregate sorting:
+// ordering by summed cost, ascending and descending.
+func TestAccessLogSessions_SortByCost(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s := newSessionsTestStore(t)
+
+	// cheap: 0.01 total; mid: 0.05 total; pricey: 0.20 total (two entries).
+	seedAccessLogs(t, s,
+		accessLogRow("c1", "cheap", baseTime.Add(1*time.Minute), withTokens(1, 1, 2, 0.01)),
+		accessLogRow("m1", "mid", baseTime.Add(2*time.Minute), withTokens(1, 1, 2, 0.05)),
+		accessLogRow("p1", "pricey", baseTime.Add(3*time.Minute), withTokens(1, 1, 2, 0.15)),
+		accessLogRow("p2", "pricey", baseTime.Add(4*time.Minute), withTokens(1, 1, 2, 0.05)),
+	)
+
+	desc, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID,
+		types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{SortBy: "cost_usd", SortOrder: "desc"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(3), total)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pricey", "mid", "cheap"}, sessionIDs(desc), "descending by summed cost")
+
+	asc, _, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID,
+		types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{SortBy: "cost_usd", SortOrder: "asc"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"cheap", "mid", "pricey"}, sessionIDs(asc), "ascending by summed cost")
+}
+
+// strp / tp / itoa are tiny local helpers to keep the filter table terse.
+func strp(s string) *string { return &s }
+
+func tp(t time.Time) *time.Time { return &t }
+
+func itoa(i int) string { return string(rune('0' + i)) }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/affectedpeers_hook.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/affectedpeers_hook.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58347666d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/affectedpeers_hook.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
+
+// init registers the agent-network service synthesiser with the affectedpeers
+// resolver. Agent-network reverse-proxy services are synthesised on demand and
+// never persisted, so the resolver can't load them from the store; without them
+// it can't fold the embedded proxy peer into the affected set on a client
+// group/peer change, and the proxy never learns a newly authorised client until
+// it reconnects. Registered here (rather than via a direct
+// affectedpeers→agentnetwork import) to avoid an import cycle
+// (agentnetwork → account → affectedpeers).
+func init() {
+	affectedpeers.SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer(SynthesizeServices)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/agent_config.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/agent_config.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..902652479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/agent_config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// GetAgentConfigForUser returns the Agent Network setup the calling user's
+// groups authorize. It deliberately performs no role permission check:
+// the result is scoped to the caller's own groups, which is strictly
+// tighter than any role gate, so every authenticated user (any role) may
+// read it. The group source matches enforcement: the proxy authorizes
+// each Agent Network request against the calling user's groups as well —
+// session validation resolves them from the same user record's
+// auto-groups — so this answer and the proxy's verdict are computed from
+// the same memberships.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetAgentConfigForUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) (*types.AgentConfig, error) {
+	user, err := m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get user: %w", err)
+	}
+	return m.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, accountID, user.AutoGroups)
+}
+
+// agentConfigForGroups computes the effective Agent Network setup for
+// a set of caller groups: the account endpoint plus, per authorized
+// provider, the effective model set. It mirrors what the proxy enforces
+// at request time — the policy filter matches filterApplicablePolicies,
+// the model logic matches policyPermitsModel, and orphan providers
+// (enabled but referenced by no applicable policy) are omitted just like
+// the router synthesizer omits them — so the answer never advertises
+// anything the proxy would refuse.
+//
+// Configured tracks the account, not the caller: once the account has an
+// endpoint every member gets it, with Providers empty for those no policy
+// covers yet. The dashboard shows each user the same connection config
+// regardless of role, and an empty provider list tells them to ask for
+// access. Only the account having no Agent Network at all reads as not
+// configured. Providers stays caller-scoped either way — the endpoint on
+// its own authorizes nothing, and the proxy still refuses every request
+// no policy permits.
+func (m *managerImpl) agentConfigForGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupIDs []string) (*types.AgentConfig, error) {
+	notConfigured := &types.AgentConfig{Providers: []types.AgentConfigProvider{}}
+
+	settings, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+	case isNotFound(err):
+		return notConfigured, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get agent network settings: %w", err)
+	}
+	if settings.Endpoint() == "" {
+		return notConfigured, nil
+	}
+
+	authorized, applicable, err := m.authorizedProvidersForGroups(ctx, accountID, groupIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	out := &types.AgentConfig{
+		Configured: true,
+		Endpoint:   "https://" + settings.Endpoint(),
+		Providers:  make([]types.AgentConfigProvider, 0, len(authorized)),
+	}
+	if len(authorized) == 0 {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	var guardrailsByID map[string]*types.Guardrail
+	if anyPolicyHasGuardrails(applicable) {
+		guardrailsByID, err = m.loadGuardrailsByID(ctx, accountID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	for _, p := range authorized {
+		allAllowed, models := effectiveModelsForProvider(p, policiesForProvider(applicable, p.ID), guardrailsByID)
+		flavor := ""
+		if entry, ok := catalog.Lookup(p.ProviderID); ok {
+			flavor = entry.ParserID
+		}
+		out.Providers = append(out.Providers, types.AgentConfigProvider{
+			Name:             p.Name,
+			CatalogID:        p.ProviderID,
+			APIFlavor:        flavor,
+			AllModelsAllowed: allAllowed,
+			Models:           models,
+		})
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// authorizedProvidersForGroups returns the enabled providers referenced
+// by at least one enabled policy whose source groups intersect groupIDs —
+// the providers the caller's own policies authorize — in created_at order
+// with ID tiebreak, the same deterministic order the router synthesizer
+// presents. The applicable policies come back alongside so callers that
+// need per-provider policy context (the setup's model computation) don't
+// re-filter. Both the self-service setup answer and the caller-scoped
+// provider list are built from this selection, so what the dashboard
+// offers and what the proxy enforces never diverge.
+func (m *managerImpl) authorizedProvidersForGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupIDs []string) ([]*types.Provider, []*types.Policy, error) {
+	policies, err := m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("list account policies: %w", err)
+	}
+	applicable := filterPoliciesByGroups(policies, groupIDs)
+	if len(applicable) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil, nil
+	}
+
+	providers, err := m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("list account providers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// filterEnabledProviders carries the enabled filter and the
+	// created_at/ID order shared with the router synthesizer.
+	enabled := filterEnabledProviders(providers)
+	authorized := make([]*types.Provider, 0, len(enabled))
+	for _, p := range enabled {
+		if len(policiesForProvider(applicable, p.ID)) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		authorized = append(authorized, p)
+	}
+	return authorized, applicable, nil
+}
+
+// filterPoliciesByGroups returns the enabled policies whose SourceGroups
+// intersect the caller's groups. Same group matching as
+// filterApplicablePolicies, without the per-provider filter — the setup
+// answer spans every provider the caller can reach.
+func filterPoliciesByGroups(policies []*types.Policy, groupIDs []string) []*types.Policy {
+	groupSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groupIDs))
+	for _, g := range groupIDs {
+		if g != "" {
+			groupSet[g] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	out := make([]*types.Policy, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p == nil || !p.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !anyGroupMatches(p.SourceGroups, groupSet) {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, p)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// policiesForProvider returns the subset of policies targeting the
+// provider, order preserved.
+func policiesForProvider(policies []*types.Policy, providerID string) []*types.Policy {
+	out := make([]*types.Policy, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if sliceContains(p.DestinationProviderIDs, providerID) {
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// effectiveModelsForProvider derives the caller's effective model set for
+// one provider from the applicable policies that target it, mirroring
+// policyPermitsModel: a policy with no allowlist-enabled guardrail is
+// unrestricted, and one unrestricted policy makes the whole provider
+// unrestricted (the proxy would admit any model through it). Otherwise
+// the union of the policies' allowlists applies, intersected with the
+// provider's declared models when the operator declared any — the router
+// only claims declared models, so an allowlisted-but-undeclared model is
+// unreachable and must not be advertised. With no declared models the
+// router claims every model, so the allowlist union stands alone.
+// Allowlist entries and declared ids both compare through the canonical
+// id the proxy's parser emits, so an allowlist may hold either form: the
+// raw declared id the dashboard's picker copies from the provider, or
+// the stripped id the parser matches at request time.
+func effectiveModelsForProvider(provider *types.Provider, policies []*types.Policy, guardrailsByID map[string]*types.Guardrail) (bool, []string) {
+	restricted := true
+	union := make([]string, 0)
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		policyRestricted := false
+		for _, gID := range p.GuardrailIDs {
+			g, ok := guardrailsByID[gID]
+			if !ok || g == nil || !g.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			policyRestricted = true
+			for _, model := range g.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models {
+				key := canonicalModelKey(provider.ProviderID, model)
+				if key == "" {
+					continue
+				}
+				if _, dup := seen[key]; dup {
+					continue
+				}
+				seen[key] = struct{}{}
+				union = append(union, key)
+			}
+		}
+		if !policyRestricted {
+			restricted = false
+		}
+	}
+
+	declared := declaredModelIDs(provider)
+	if !restricted {
+		return true, declared
+	}
+	if len(provider.Models) == 0 {
+		// No operator declaration: the router claims every model, so the
+		// allowlist union is the effective set as-is.
+		return false, union
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(declared))
+	for _, id := range declared {
+		// Compare through the canonical id the proxy's parser emits — a
+		// Bedrock declaration may carry the region/version form
+		// ("eu.anthropic.claude-...-v1:0") that the parser strips at
+		// request time, and the raw forms would never intersect. The
+		// declared id itself is what gets advertised, matching the
+		// router's route claim.
+		if _, ok := seen[canonicalModelKey(provider.ProviderID, id)]; ok {
+			out = append(out, id)
+		}
+	}
+	return false, out
+}
+
+// canonicalModelKey builds the compare key for a model id: lowercased,
+// trimmed, and canonicalized through the provider-aware normalization the
+// proxy's parser applies. Lowercase/trim comes FIRST — the path-style
+// strippers anchor on a lowercase id's tail, so a trailing space or a
+// case-variant geography/version would otherwise survive into the key.
+func canonicalModelKey(catalogProviderID, id string) string {
+	return normaliseModelID(normalizePricingModelID(catalogProviderID, normaliseModelID(id)))
+}
+
+// providerModelsByID maps effective model ids (as effectiveModelsForProvider
+// returns them) back onto the operator's declared entries, keeping the
+// declared casing and prices. With no operator declaration the ids are the
+// allowlist union and have no declared entry to map to, so bare entries are
+// synthesized — the router claims every model in that case, so those ids are
+// reachable and belong in the answer.
+func providerModelsByID(provider *types.Provider, ids []string) []types.ProviderModel {
+	if len(provider.Models) == 0 {
+		out := make([]types.ProviderModel, 0, len(ids))
+		for _, id := range ids {
+			out = append(out, types.ProviderModel{ID: id})
+		}
+		return out
+	}
+	keep := make(map[string]struct{}, len(ids))
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		keep[normaliseModelID(id)] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	out := make([]types.ProviderModel, 0, len(ids))
+	for _, m := range provider.Models {
+		if _, ok := keep[normaliseModelID(m.ID)]; ok {
+			out = append(out, m)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// declaredModelIDs returns the models a provider exposes: the operator's
+// curated list when present, otherwise the catalog entry's models (an
+// empty operator list means "all catalog models"). Gateway/custom catalog
+// entries declare no models, so the result may be empty.
+func declaredModelIDs(provider *types.Provider) []string {
+	if ids := providerModelIDs(provider); len(ids) > 0 {
+		return ids
+	}
+	entry, ok := catalog.Lookup(provider.ProviderID)
+	if !ok {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(entry.Models))
+	for _, m := range entry.Models {
+		if m.ID != "" {
+			out = append(out, m.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// GetAgentConfigForUser on the mock manager reports "not configured" so tests
+// that don't care about setup still compile.
+func (*mockManager) GetAgentConfigForUser(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (*types.AgentConfig, error) {
+	return &types.AgentConfig{Providers: []types.AgentConfigProvider{}}, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/agent_config_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/agent_config_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a975434f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/agent_config_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	nbtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// These tests drive the effective-setup computation through the real
+// sqlite store, mirroring the policyselect realstore suite: assert on
+// observable answers (configured / providers / models), not on which
+// store methods get called. The computation must agree with what the
+// proxy enforces — policy filtering matches filterApplicablePolicies,
+// model logic matches policyPermitsModel, and orphan providers are
+// omitted like the router synthesizer omits them.
+
+func newAgentConfigTestMgr(t *testing.T) (*managerImpl, store.Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+	return &managerImpl{store: s}, s
+}
+
+// newSetupTestGuardrail returns an allowlist-enabled guardrail.
+func newSetupTestGuardrail(id string, models ...string) *types.Guardrail {
+	return &types.Guardrail{
+		ID:        id,
+		AccountID: testAccountID,
+		Name:      "allowlist " + id,
+		Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{
+			ModelAllowlist: types.GuardrailModelAllowlist{Enabled: true, Models: models},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_NoSettingsRow(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, _ := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(context.Background(), testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, setup.Configured, "account without settings must read as not configured")
+	assert.Empty(t, setup.Endpoint)
+	assert.Empty(t, setup.Providers)
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_NoApplicablePolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-other"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, setup.Configured, "the account is set up, so every member reads as configured")
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://"+testEndpoint, setup.Endpoint, "every member gets the same connection config")
+	assert.Empty(t, setup.Providers, "a caller no policy covers is authorized for nothing")
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_UnrestrictedPolicyListsDeclaredModels(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, setup.Configured)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://"+testEndpoint, setup.Endpoint)
+	require.Len(t, setup.Providers, 1)
+	p := setup.Providers[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "OpenAI", p.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai_api", p.CatalogID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai", p.APIFlavor)
+	assert.True(t, p.AllModelsAllowed, "policy without allowlist guardrail is unrestricted")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-5.4"}, p.Models, "declared models listed as a courtesy")
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_AllowlistIntersectsDeclaredModels(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.Models = []types.ProviderModel{{ID: "gpt-5.4"}, {ID: "gpt-4o"}}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	// Allowlist admits gpt-5.4 (declared, odd casing/spacing) and gpt-4.1
+	// (NOT declared — the router would never route it, so it must not be
+	// advertised).
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, newSetupTestGuardrail("guard-1", " GPT-5.4 ", "gpt-4.1")))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "guard-1")))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, setup.Providers, 1)
+	p := setup.Providers[0]
+	assert.False(t, p.AllModelsAllowed)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-5.4"}, p.Models, "allowlist ∩ declared, in declared order and casing")
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_AllowlistMatchesBedrockDeclaredIDsCanonically(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	// A Bedrock operator typically declares the region/version form the
+	// vendor lists, while the allowlist holds the canonical id the proxy's
+	// parser emits at request time. The intersection must compare through
+	// the same normalization the parser applies, and the declared (raw)
+	// id is what gets advertised — it is what the router claims.
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.ProviderID = "bedrock_api"
+	provider.Name = "Bedrock"
+	provider.Models = []types.ProviderModel{
+		{ID: "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"},
+		{ID: "eu.amazon.nova-pro-v1:0"},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, newSetupTestGuardrail("guard-1", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "guard-1")))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, setup.Providers, 1)
+	p := setup.Providers[0]
+	assert.False(t, p.AllModelsAllowed)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"}, p.Models,
+		"the allowlisted canonical id must admit the declared region/version form, and only it")
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_AllowlistHoldsRawDeclaredIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	// The dashboard's allowlist picker copies the provider's declared ids
+	// verbatim, so for path-style providers the allowlist carries the
+	// region/version form rather than the canonical id the parser emits.
+	// Both forms must admit the declared model.
+	cases := []struct {
+		name      string
+		catalogID string
+		declared  string
+		allowlist string
+	}{
+		{"bedrock", "bedrock_api", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", ""},
+		{"vertex", "vertex_ai_api", "claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929", ""},
+		// The geography/version strippers anchor on a lowercase tail, so a
+		// case-variant entry must be lowercased before canonicalization or
+		// the prefix and suffix survive into the compare key.
+		{"bedrock-case-variant", "bedrock_api", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+			" EU.Anthropic.Claude-Sonnet-4-5-20250929-V1:0 "},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+			ctx := context.Background()
+
+			allowlisted := tc.allowlist
+			if allowlisted == "" {
+				allowlisted = tc.declared
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+			provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+			provider.ProviderID = tc.catalogID
+			provider.Name = tc.name
+			provider.Models = []types.ProviderModel{{ID: tc.declared}}
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, newSetupTestGuardrail("guard-1", allowlisted)))
+			require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "guard-1")))
+
+			setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, setup.Providers, 1)
+			p := setup.Providers[0]
+			assert.False(t, p.AllModelsAllowed)
+			assert.Equal(t, []string{tc.declared}, p.Models,
+				"an allowlist holding the raw declared id must admit that declared model")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_UnrestrictedPolicyWinsOverRestricted(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, newSetupTestGuardrail("guard-1", "gpt-5.4")))
+	restricted := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "guard-1")
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, restricted))
+	open := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	open.ID = "pol-2"
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, open))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, setup.Providers, 1)
+	assert.True(t, setup.Providers[0].AllModelsAllowed,
+		"one applicable policy without an allowlist makes the provider unrestricted — the proxy would admit any model through it")
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_AllowlistUnionAcrossPolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.Models = []types.ProviderModel{{ID: "gpt-5.4"}, {ID: "gpt-4o"}, {ID: "o4-mini"}}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, newSetupTestGuardrail("guard-1", "gpt-5.4")))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, newSetupTestGuardrail("guard-2", "gpt-4o")))
+	p1 := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "guard-1")
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, p1))
+	p2 := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "guard-2")
+	p2.ID = "pol-2"
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, p2))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, setup.Providers, 1)
+	p := setup.Providers[0]
+	assert.False(t, p.AllModelsAllowed)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"gpt-5.4", "gpt-4o"}, p.Models, "union of allowlists across applicable policies")
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_OrphanAndDisabledProvidersOmitted(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	// Orphan: enabled but referenced by no policy.
+	orphan := newSynthTestProvider()
+	orphan.ID = "prov-orphan"
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, orphan))
+	// Disabled but referenced by an applicable policy.
+	disabled := newSynthTestProvider()
+	disabled.ID = "prov-disabled"
+	disabled.Enabled = false
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, disabled))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(disabled.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, setup.Configured)
+	assert.Empty(t, setup.Providers, "neither an orphan nor a disabled provider is reachable for the caller")
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_DisabledPolicyIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.Enabled = false
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, setup.Configured)
+	assert.Empty(t, setup.Providers, "a disabled policy authorizes nothing")
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_UndeclaredModelsUseAllowlistAsIs(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	// Gateway-style provider: no declared models — the router claims every
+	// model, so the allowlist union is the effective set on its own.
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.ProviderID = "litellm_proxy"
+	provider.Name = "LiteLLM"
+	provider.Models = nil
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, newSetupTestGuardrail("guard-1", "claude-sonnet-4-5")))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "guard-1")))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, setup.Providers, 1)
+	p := setup.Providers[0]
+	assert.False(t, p.AllModelsAllowed)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-4-5"}, p.Models)
+}
+
+func TestAgentConfig_RealStore_ProvidersInCreatedAtOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	newer := newSynthTestProvider()
+	newer.ID = "prov-newer"
+	newer.Name = "Newer"
+	newer.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, newer))
+	older := newSynthTestProvider()
+	older.ID = "prov-older"
+	older.Name = "Older"
+	older.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, older))
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(newer.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.DestinationProviderIDs = []string{newer.ID, older.ID}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy))
+
+	setup, err := mgr.agentConfigForGroups(ctx, testAccountID, []string{"grp-eng"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, setup.Providers, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Older", setup.Providers[0].Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Newer", setup.Providers[1].Name)
+}
+
+// TestGetAgentConfigForUser_RealStore pins the self-service entry point: the
+// user's group memberships (AutoGroups — the same groups the user's peers
+// carry) scope the providers, while the account's endpoint reaches every
+// member — a user outside every policy gets the config with nothing
+// authorized in it.
+func TestGetAgentConfigForUser_RealStore(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	// users.account_id is a foreign key into accounts, enforced on
+	// MySQL/Postgres, so the account row must exist before its users.
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAccount(ctx, &nbtypes.Account{Id: testAccountID}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveUser(ctx, &nbtypes.User{
+		Id: "user-in", AccountID: testAccountID, Role: nbtypes.UserRoleUser, AutoGroups: []string{"grp-eng"},
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveUser(ctx, &nbtypes.User{
+		Id: "user-out", AccountID: testAccountID, Role: nbtypes.UserRoleUser, AutoGroups: []string{"grp-other"},
+	}))
+
+	setupIn, err := mgr.GetAgentConfigForUser(ctx, testAccountID, "user-in")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, setupIn.Configured)
+	require.Len(t, setupIn.Providers, 1)
+
+	setupOut, err := mgr.GetAgentConfigForUser(ctx, testAccountID, "user-out")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, setupOut.Configured, "the account is set up, so the user reads as configured")
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://"+testEndpoint, setupOut.Endpoint)
+	assert.Empty(t, setupOut.Providers, "user outside the policy's source groups is authorized for nothing")
+}
+
+// TestGetUsageOverview_RealStore_SelfScoped pins the self-scope fallback:
+// a caller without the account-wide usage grant gets the same aggregation
+// the admin overview serves, but only ever their own rows — a user_id
+// filter for someone else must be overridden, not honored, and never
+// denied. A caller holding the grant keeps the account-wide view.
+func TestGetUsageOverview_RealStore_SelfScoped(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	mgr.permissionsManager = permissions.NewManager(s)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAccount(ctx, &nbtypes.Account{Id: testAccountID}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveUser(ctx, &nbtypes.User{
+		Id: "user-a", AccountID: testAccountID, Role: nbtypes.UserRoleUser,
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveUser(ctx, &nbtypes.User{
+		Id: "admin", AccountID: testAccountID, Role: nbtypes.UserRoleAdmin,
+	}))
+
+	own1 := newIngestTestEntry()
+	own1.ID, own1.UserId = "log-own-1", "user-a"
+	own2 := newIngestTestEntry()
+	own2.ID, own2.UserId = "log-own-2", "user-a"
+	other := newIngestTestEntry()
+	other.ID, other.UserId = "log-other", "user-b"
+	for _, e := range []*accesslogs.AccessLogEntry{own1, own2, other} {
+		require.NoError(t, IngestAccessLog(ctx, s, e))
+	}
+
+	otherID := "user-b"
+	filter := types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{UserID: &otherID}
+	buckets, err := mgr.GetUsageOverview(ctx, testAccountID, "user-a", filter, types.ParseUsageGranularity(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, buckets, 1, "same-day rows aggregate into one daily bucket")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(200), buckets[0].InputTokens, "only the caller's two rows count — the foreign user_id filter is overridden")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(100), buckets[0].OutputTokens)
+
+	adminBuckets, err := mgr.GetUsageOverview(ctx, testAccountID, "admin", types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{}, types.ParseUsageGranularity(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, adminBuckets, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(300), adminBuckets[0].InputTokens, "the account-wide grant keeps the unscoped view")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b58743798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1023 @@
+// Package catalog defines the static set of Agent Network providers
+// recognized by the management server. The catalog is consulted both to
+// validate provider_id on create/update and to surface the available
+// providers (and their models) to the dashboard.
+package catalog
+
+import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+
+// Model is the in-memory representation of a catalog model.
+//
+// The three cache rates mirror the proxy cost meter's Entry semantics
+// (USD per 1k tokens; 0 = no rate configured, that bucket bills at
+// InputPer1k):
+//   - CachedInputPer1k: OpenAI-shape rate for cached prompt tokens
+//     (a SUBSET of input tokens). Typically 0.1-0.5x input.
+//   - CacheReadPer1k / CacheCreationPer1k: Anthropic-shape rates for
+//     the two ADDITIVE prompt-cache buckets. Typically 0.1x / 1.25x
+//     input.
+//
+// The catalog is the single default-pricing source: the agentnetwork
+// pricing package folds these models into per-surface tables that the
+// synthesizer ships to the proxy's cost_meter.
+type Model struct {
+	ID                 string
+	Label              string
+	InputPer1k         float64
+	OutputPer1k        float64
+	CachedInputPer1k   float64
+	CacheReadPer1k     float64
+	CacheCreationPer1k float64
+	ContextWindow      int
+}
+
+// ProviderKind groups catalog entries for UI presentation. The split
+// is semantic, not technical:
+//   - KindProvider: the upstream is a vendor's first-party API (OpenAI,
+//     Anthropic, Mistral, Bedrock, etc.) — NetBird talks straight to
+//     the model provider.
+//   - KindGateway: the upstream is itself a routing / aggregation layer
+//     in front of multiple providers (LiteLLM, Portkey, Helicone, …).
+//     These typically need NetBird identity stamped onto upstream
+//     requests so the gateway's analytics and budgets attribute to the
+//     real caller; that's what IdentityInjection is for.
+//   - KindCustom: the catch-all "OpenAI-compatible self-hosted endpoint"
+//     entry (vLLM, Ollama, custom inference servers).
+//
+// Frontend uses Kind to group the provider Select in the modal so an
+// operator can spot at a glance which catalog entries proxy other
+// providers vs. talk straight to one. Backend doesn't dispatch on Kind
+// today; it's purely a presentation hint.
+type ProviderKind string
+
+const (
+	KindProvider ProviderKind = "provider"
+	KindGateway  ProviderKind = "gateway"
+	KindCustom   ProviderKind = "custom"
+)
+
+// Provider is the in-memory representation of a catalog provider.
+type Provider struct {
+	ID          string
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	DefaultHost string
+	// Kind groups this entry for UI presentation; see ProviderKind.
+	Kind ProviderKind
+	// AuthHeaderName is the HTTP header the provider's API expects
+	// the credential under (e.g. "Authorization" for OpenAI,
+	// "x-api-key" for Anthropic). Combined with AuthHeaderTemplate
+	// at synthesis time to inject the auth header on every upstream
+	// request.
+	AuthHeaderName     string
+	AuthHeaderTemplate string
+	DefaultContentType string
+	BrandColor         string
+	// ParserID names the proxy LLM parser surface this provider
+	// speaks (matches llm.Parser.ProviderName: "openai",
+	// "anthropic"). Multiple catalog ids may share a parser surface
+	// (e.g. azure_openai_api and mistral_api both speak the OpenAI
+	// shape). Empty when no parser is yet implemented for the
+	// surface — the proxy middleware then falls back to URL sniffing
+	// or skips request-side enrichment.
+	ParserID string
+	// RouterVendors declares every parser surface a gateway route can serve.
+	// Leave empty for single-surface providers, where ParserID remains the
+	// router discriminator for backward compatibility.
+	RouterVendors []string
+	// PricingSurfaces names the cost-meter pricing surfaces this
+	// provider's Models are priced under ("openai", "anthropic",
+	// "bedrock" — the llm.Parser surface the request parser stamps as
+	// llm.provider at billing time). NOT derivable from ParserID:
+	// bedrock_api and vertex_ai_api leave ParserID empty (URL-sniffed)
+	// yet price under "bedrock" / "anthropic", and kimi_api serves two
+	// body shapes so it prices under both. Nil for gateway/custom
+	// entries, which declare no models. Same (surface, model) pair
+	// contributed by two providers must carry identical rates — the
+	// pricing package's tests enforce that.
+	PricingSurfaces []string
+	// IdentityInjection, when non-nil, instructs the proxy to stamp
+	// the caller's NetBird identity onto upstream requests under the
+	// configured header names. Used for gateways like LiteLLM that
+	// key budgets and attribution off request headers (the gateway
+	// otherwise has no way to learn which user / group made the call).
+	// The proxy strips the same header names from the inbound request
+	// before stamping ours, so an app can't spoof identity by setting
+	// these headers itself.
+	IdentityInjection *IdentityInjection
+	// ExtraHeaders is a catalog-declared list of additional per-
+	// provider routing/config headers the proxy stamps on every
+	// upstream request. Distinct from AuthHeaderName/Template (which
+	// always carries the API_KEY) and from IdentityInjection (caller
+	// identity). Each entry surfaces an optional input on the
+	// dashboard's provider modal whose value lives on the provider
+	// record's ExtraValues map (keyed by ExtraHeader.Name). Empty
+	// list = no extra inputs rendered. Used today by Portkey for
+	// "x-portkey-config: pc-..." (a saved-config id that resolves
+	// upstream provider + credentials on Portkey's hosted side).
+	ExtraHeaders []ExtraHeader
+	Models       []Model
+	// Discovery, when non-nil, describes how to ask this vendor which
+	// models the operator's own credential can actually reach, so the
+	// provider form can offer a live list instead of only the hand-curated
+	// Models above. Nil entries keep free-text entry.
+	Discovery *Discovery
+}
+
+// ListingShape names the response envelope a vendor returns its model
+// listing in. Every vendor invented its own, and none of them can be
+// guessed from the request, so the catalog states it.
+type ListingShape string
+
+const (
+	// ShapeOpenAIData is {"data":[{"id":…}]} — OpenAI, and Anthropic, which
+	// adopted the same envelope.
+	ShapeOpenAIData ListingShape = "openai_data"
+	// ShapeBedrockInferenceProfiles is
+	// {"inferenceProfileSummaries":[{"inferenceProfileId":…}]}. The ids carry
+	// the region prefix that makes them invocable, which is exactly what an
+	// operator cannot reconstruct by hand.
+	ShapeBedrockInferenceProfiles ListingShape = "bedrock_inference_profiles"
+	// ShapeVertexPublisherModels is {"publisherModels":[{"name":…}]}, where
+	// name is a resource path and the invocable id is its last segment joined
+	// to a separate versionId field.
+	ShapeVertexPublisherModels ListingShape = "vertex_publisher_models"
+)
+
+// Discovery describes one vendor's model-listing endpoint.
+//
+// Host is deliberately separate from the provider record's upstream URL:
+// Bedrock serves listings from the control plane (bedrock.<region>) while
+// inference must go to the runtime host (bedrock-runtime.<region>), so the
+// two cannot be the same value. Empty Host means "use the record's own
+// upstream", which is right for every vendor that serves both from one host.
+//
+// The regionPlaceholder in Host is substituted from the provider record's
+// region. Deriving the discovery host from the catalog rather than accepting
+// one from the caller is also what keeps this from being an open proxy: the
+// only hosts management will dial are the ones written here.
+type Discovery struct {
+	Host            string
+	Path            string
+	Query           string
+	Shape           ListingShape
+	// ExactModelsOnly omits wildcard patterns from listings when NetBird's
+	// provider model rows cannot represent the vendor's matching semantics.
+	ExactModelsOnly bool
+	// Headers are static headers the vendor requires beyond the credential
+	// (Anthropic versions its API through one and rejects a request without
+	// it). The auth header itself comes from AuthHeaderName/Template.
+	Headers map[string]string
+}
+
+// RegionPlaceholder is replaced in Discovery.Host by the provider record's
+// configured region.
+const RegionPlaceholder = "<region>"
+
+// ExtraHeader names a single optional per-provider routing/config
+// header. Catalog declares N of these per provider type; the operator
+// fills any subset on the provider record (see Provider.ExtraValues).
+// At synth time, only entries with a non-empty operator value are
+// stamped; the proxy's identity-inject middleware applies anti-spoof
+// (Remove + Add) so a client can't supply these headers themselves.
+//
+// UI copy (label / help text / tooltip) for each known Name lives on
+// the dashboard, not here — the backend's job is just to declare
+// which wire headers are accepted. New provider needs an extra
+// header? Add the Name here AND the matching UI copy on the dashboard.
+type ExtraHeader struct {
+	// Name is the wire header name, e.g. "x-portkey-config".
+	Name string
+}
+
+// IdentityInjection describes how the proxy stamps NetBird identity onto
+// upstream gateway requests. Exactly one shape must be set — they're
+// mutually exclusive and dispatched by the inject middleware.
+//
+// Shape choice tracks the wire convention the upstream gateway uses,
+// not the vendor name. New gateways with a known shape become a catalog
+// entry, not a new code path.
+type IdentityInjection struct {
+	// HeaderPair emits separate headers per identity dimension
+	// (end-user id, tags as CSV). LiteLLM and OpenAI-compatible
+	// self-hosted gateways that read identity from dedicated headers.
+	HeaderPair *HeaderPairInjection
+	// JSONMetadata emits a single header carrying a JSON object with
+	// reserved keys for user / groups / etc. Portkey, Helicone-style
+	// metadata headers, anything that wants a structured envelope.
+	JSONMetadata *JSONMetadataInjection
+}
+
+// HeaderPairInjection is the LiteLLM-style wire convention.
+type HeaderPairInjection struct {
+	// Customizable, when true, marks the wire header names as
+	// operator-overridable: the dashboard surfaces EndUserIDHeader
+	// and TagsHeader as editable inputs (defaults shown as
+	// placeholders) and the synthesizer pulls the actual values from
+	// the provider record's IdentityHeader* fields rather than from
+	// these defaults. An empty operator value disables stamping for
+	// that dimension. Used today for Bifrost, whose log-metadata /
+	// telemetry header prefix (x-bf-lh-* vs x-bf-dim-*) is a
+	// per-operator choice; LiteLLM and similar gateways with a fixed
+	// wire protocol leave this false so the catalog defaults are
+	// authoritative.
+	Customizable bool
+	// EndUserIDHeader receives the caller's display identity (user
+	// email when the peer is attached to a user, else peer.Name),
+	// e.g. "x-litellm-end-user-id".
+	EndUserIDHeader string
+	// TagsHeader receives the caller's NetBird group display names
+	// as a CSV, e.g. "x-litellm-tags".
+	TagsHeader string
+	// TagsInBody, when true, additionally writes the tag list into
+	// the request body's metadata.tags array (a JSON path the
+	// gateway parses for budget enforcement). LiteLLM only honours
+	// metadata.tags for tag-budget gating — its x-litellm-tags
+	// header path feeds spend tracking but bypasses
+	// _tag_max_budget_check entirely. Body inject is skipped when
+	// the request body is empty, truncated, non-JSON, or when an
+	// existing metadata field is a non-object value (defensive: we
+	// never clobber a client-supplied non-object). The header path
+	// remains a robust fallback for spend tracking in those cases.
+	TagsInBody bool
+	// EndUserIDInBody, when true, additionally writes the display
+	// identity into the request body's top-level "user" field (the
+	// OpenAI-standard end-user identifier). LiteLLM resolves the end
+	// user id from headers first then body, so for LiteLLM this is
+	// belt-and-suspenders. It matters when an OpenAI-compatible
+	// gateway downstream of LiteLLM (or OpenAI direct, bypassing
+	// LiteLLM) only reads the body, and as anti-spoof: client-
+	// supplied "user" values are overwritten with our trusted
+	// identity. Same skip rules as TagsInBody.
+	EndUserIDInBody bool
+}
+
+// JSONMetadataInjection is the Portkey-style wire convention: a single
+// header carrying a JSON object. NetBird identity fields land under the
+// configured reserved keys; missing keys (empty string) are skipped at
+// emit time.
+type JSONMetadataInjection struct {
+	// Customizable, when true, marks the JSON keys as operator-
+	// overridable. The dashboard surfaces UserKey and GroupsKey as
+	// editable inputs (the catalog values shown as placeholders) and
+	// the synthesizer pulls the actual JSON-key names from the
+	// provider record's IdentityHeader* fields. Same field reuse as
+	// HeaderPair's customizable path — the dimensions (user identity,
+	// groups) are the same, only the wire encoding differs (JSON key
+	// vs HTTP header name). An empty operator value disables emission
+	// for that dimension. Used today for Cloudflare AI Gateway, whose
+	// cf-aig-metadata header accepts arbitrary JSON keys; Portkey
+	// leaves this false because its keys are reserved by the Portkey
+	// schema.
+	Customizable bool
+	// Header is the wire header name carrying the JSON payload, e.g.
+	// "x-portkey-metadata".
+	Header string
+	// UserKey is the JSON key for the caller's display identity.
+	// Portkey reserves "_user" for this dimension.
+	UserKey string
+	// GroupsKey is the JSON key for the caller's NetBird groups,
+	// emitted as a CSV string value (Portkey requires string values).
+	GroupsKey string
+	// MaxValueLength caps each emitted JSON value, in bytes. Portkey
+	// enforces a 128-char limit per value; oversized values are
+	// truncated rather than failing the request. 0 disables the cap.
+	MaxValueLength int
+	// Sanitize, when true, replaces characters outside the destination's
+	// accepted set with '_' before emitting each value. AWS Bedrock's
+	// X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata restricts values to a limited character
+	// class, so unsanitized group display names (e.g. containing spaces) would
+	// make Bedrock reject the request with 400.
+	Sanitize bool
+}
+
+// providers is the canonical list of supported Agent Network providers.
+// Update this list together with the dashboard's PROVIDER_CATALOG.
+var providers = []Provider{
+	{
+		ID:                 "openai_api",
+		Kind:               KindProvider,
+		Name:               "OpenAI API",
+		Description:        "GPT, Responses API, and Embeddings",
+		DefaultHost:        "api.openai.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#10A37F",
+		Discovery: &Discovery{
+			Path:  "/v1/models",
+			Shape: ShapeOpenAIData,
+		},
+		ParserID:        "openai",
+		PricingSurfaces: []string{"openai"},
+		// Pricing + context windows cross-checked against LiteLLM's
+		// model_prices_and_context_window.json. Notable corrections from
+		// earlier values: o4-mini repriced from $4/$16 to $1.10/$4.40
+		// per MTok, gpt-4o from $5/$15 to $2.50/$10, and the GPT-5
+		// family context windows split between 1.05M for full-size
+		// models and 272K for mini/nano/codex variants.
+		Models: []Model{
+			{ID: "gpt-5.5", Label: "GPT-5.5", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.030, CachedInputPer1k: 0.0005, ContextWindow: 1050000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.5-pro", Label: "GPT-5.5 Pro", InputPer1k: 0.030, OutputPer1k: 0.180, CachedInputPer1k: 0.003, ContextWindow: 1050000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.4", Label: "GPT-5.4", InputPer1k: 0.0025, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CachedInputPer1k: 0.00025, ContextWindow: 1050000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.4-pro", Label: "GPT-5.4 Pro", InputPer1k: 0.030, OutputPer1k: 0.180, CachedInputPer1k: 0.003, ContextWindow: 1050000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.4-mini", Label: "GPT-5.4 Mini", InputPer1k: 0.00075, OutputPer1k: 0.0045, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000075, ContextWindow: 272000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.4-nano", Label: "GPT-5.4 Nano", InputPer1k: 0.0002, OutputPer1k: 0.00125, CachedInputPer1k: 0.00002, ContextWindow: 272000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.3-codex", Label: "GPT-5.3 Codex", InputPer1k: 0.00175, OutputPer1k: 0.014, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000175, ContextWindow: 272000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.3-chat-latest", Label: "GPT-5.3 Chat", InputPer1k: 0.00175, OutputPer1k: 0.014, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000175, ContextWindow: 128000},
+			{ID: "o4-mini", Label: "o4-mini", InputPer1k: 0.0011, OutputPer1k: 0.0044, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000275, ContextWindow: 200000},
+			{ID: "gpt-4.1", Label: "GPT-4.1", InputPer1k: 0.002, OutputPer1k: 0.008, CachedInputPer1k: 0.0005, ContextWindow: 1047576},
+			{ID: "gpt-4.1-mini", Label: "GPT-4.1 mini", InputPer1k: 0.0004, OutputPer1k: 0.0016, CachedInputPer1k: 0.0001, ContextWindow: 1047576},
+			{ID: "gpt-4.1-nano", Label: "GPT-4.1 nano", InputPer1k: 0.0001, OutputPer1k: 0.0004, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000025, ContextWindow: 1047576},
+			{ID: "gpt-4o", Label: "GPT-4o", InputPer1k: 0.0025, OutputPer1k: 0.010, CachedInputPer1k: 0.00125, ContextWindow: 128000},
+			{ID: "gpt-4o-mini", Label: "GPT-4o mini", InputPer1k: 0.00015, OutputPer1k: 0.0006, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000075, ContextWindow: 128000},
+			{ID: "gpt-4-turbo", Label: "GPT-4 Turbo", InputPer1k: 0.01, OutputPer1k: 0.03, ContextWindow: 128000},
+			{ID: "gpt-3.5-turbo", Label: "GPT-3.5 Turbo", InputPer1k: 0.0005, OutputPer1k: 0.0015, ContextWindow: 16385},
+			{ID: "text-embedding-3-large", Label: "text-embedding-3-large", InputPer1k: 0.00013, OutputPer1k: 0, ContextWindow: 8191},
+			{ID: "text-embedding-3-small", Label: "text-embedding-3-small", InputPer1k: 0.00002, OutputPer1k: 0, ContextWindow: 8191},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "anthropic_api",
+		Kind:               KindProvider,
+		Name:               "Anthropic API",
+		Description:        "Claude Messages API",
+		DefaultHost:        "api.anthropic.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "x-api-key",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#D97757",
+		Discovery: &Discovery{
+			Path: "/v1/models",
+			// The default page is short and a picker wants the whole
+			// catalogue in one call.
+			Query: "limit=1000",
+			Shape: ShapeOpenAIData,
+			// Anthropic versions its API through a header and refuses a
+			// request that omits it, listing included.
+			Headers: map[string]string{"anthropic-version": "2023-06-01"},
+		},
+		ParserID:        "anthropic",
+		PricingSurfaces: []string{"anthropic"},
+		// Per Anthropic's current model lineup. Pricing in USD per 1k
+		// tokens. Context windows: 4.6+ family is 1M; Haiku 4.5 stays at
+		// 200K. claude-3-7-sonnet and claude-3-5-haiku retired
+		// 2026-02-19 — dropped from the catalog. claude-opus-4-1
+		// deprecated, retires 2026-08-05 — kept until the cutover.
+		// claude-mythos-5 omitted: Project Glasswing access only, not a
+		// general-availability target. claude-fable-5 requires the
+		// account to be on >= 30-day data retention or all requests
+		// 400.
+		Models: []Model{
+			{ID: "claude-opus-5", Label: "Claude Opus 5", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-sonnet-5", Label: "Claude Sonnet 5", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00375, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-fable-5", Label: "Claude Fable 5", InputPer1k: 0.010, OutputPer1k: 0.050, CacheReadPer1k: 0.001, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.0125, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-opus-4-8", Label: "Claude Opus 4.8", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-opus-4-7", Label: "Claude Opus 4.7", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-opus-4-6", Label: "Claude Opus 4.6", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-opus-4-1", Label: "Claude Opus 4.1 (deprecated, retires 2026-08-05)", InputPer1k: 0.015, OutputPer1k: 0.075, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0015, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.01875, ContextWindow: 200000},
+			{ID: "claude-sonnet-4-6", Label: "Claude Sonnet 4.6", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00375, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-sonnet-4-5", Label: "Claude Sonnet 4.5", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00375, ContextWindow: 200000},
+			{ID: "claude-haiku-4-5", Label: "Claude Haiku 4.5", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.005, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0001, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00125, ContextWindow: 200000},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "azure_openai_api",
+		Kind:               KindProvider,
+		Name:               "Azure OpenAI API",
+		Description:        "Azure-hosted OpenAI deployments",
+		DefaultHost:        "<resource>.openai.azure.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "api-key",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#0078D4",
+		ParserID:           "openai",
+		PricingSurfaces:    []string{"openai"},
+		// Mirrors openai_api pricing — Azure resells OpenAI models at the
+		// same per-token rates, just under different deployment names.
+		Models: []Model{
+			{ID: "gpt-5.5", Label: "GPT-5.5 (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.030, CachedInputPer1k: 0.0005, ContextWindow: 1050000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.4", Label: "GPT-5.4 (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.0025, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CachedInputPer1k: 0.00025, ContextWindow: 1050000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.4-mini", Label: "GPT-5.4 Mini (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.00075, OutputPer1k: 0.0045, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000075, ContextWindow: 272000},
+			{ID: "gpt-5.4-nano", Label: "GPT-5.4 Nano (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.0002, OutputPer1k: 0.00125, CachedInputPer1k: 0.00002, ContextWindow: 272000},
+			{ID: "o4-mini", Label: "o4-mini (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.0011, OutputPer1k: 0.0044, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000275, ContextWindow: 200000},
+			{ID: "gpt-4.1", Label: "GPT-4.1 (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.002, OutputPer1k: 0.008, CachedInputPer1k: 0.0005, ContextWindow: 1047576},
+			{ID: "gpt-4.1-mini", Label: "GPT-4.1 mini (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.0004, OutputPer1k: 0.0016, CachedInputPer1k: 0.0001, ContextWindow: 1047576},
+			{ID: "gpt-4o", Label: "GPT-4o (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.0025, OutputPer1k: 0.010, CachedInputPer1k: 0.00125, ContextWindow: 128000},
+			{ID: "gpt-4o-mini", Label: "GPT-4o mini (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.00015, OutputPer1k: 0.0006, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000075, ContextWindow: 128000},
+			{ID: "gpt-35-turbo", Label: "GPT-3.5 Turbo (Azure)", InputPer1k: 0.0005, OutputPer1k: 0.0015, ContextWindow: 16385},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "bedrock_api",
+		Kind:               KindProvider,
+		Name:               "AWS Bedrock API",
+		Description:        "Anthropic, Meta, Cohere via Bedrock",
+		DefaultHost:        "bedrock-runtime.<region>.amazonaws.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#FF9900",
+		// Listings come from the CONTROL PLANE, not the runtime host in
+		// DefaultHost above: ListInferenceProfiles is not an operation
+		// bedrock-runtime implements, and answers <UnknownOperationException/>
+		// there. Inference has to go to the runtime host, so the two hosts
+		// genuinely differ and Discovery.Host carries the difference.
+		//
+		// Inference profiles rather than foundation models because the profile
+		// id is the invocable one: it carries the region prefix (eu., us.,
+		// global.) that AWS requires and that cannot be derived from the
+		// configured region — an eu-central-1 account legitimately holds
+		// global.* profiles.
+		Discovery: &Discovery{
+			Host:  "bedrock." + RegionPlaceholder + ".amazonaws.com",
+			Path:  "/inference-profiles",
+			Shape: ShapeBedrockInferenceProfiles,
+		},
+		// ParserID stays empty (path-style dispatch via IsBedrockPathStyle);
+		// the request parser meters these under the "bedrock" surface.
+		PricingSurfaces: []string{"bedrock"},
+		// Anthropic models on Bedrock take the anthropic.* prefix and
+		// follow the same lineup / pricing as the first-party Anthropic
+		// catalog entry above. claude-3-7-sonnet and claude-3-5-haiku
+		// were retired upstream on 2026-02-19 — dropped from the
+		// Bedrock list too. Amazon Nova entries cross-checked against
+		// LiteLLM (added Nova Micro + the new Nova 2 Lite preview).
+		// Llama 3.3 70B entry kept unchanged — LiteLLM tracks only
+		// per-region Llama 3 entries; standalone 3.3 not yet listed.
+		Models: []Model{
+			{ID: "anthropic.claude-opus-5", Label: "Claude Opus 5 (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "anthropic.claude-sonnet-5", Label: "Claude Sonnet 5 (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00375, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "anthropic.claude-opus-4-8", Label: "Claude Opus 4.8 (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "anthropic.claude-opus-4-7", Label: "Claude Opus 4.7 (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "anthropic.claude-opus-4-6", Label: "Claude Opus 4.6 (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "anthropic.claude-opus-4-1", Label: "Claude Opus 4.1 (Bedrock, deprecated 2026-08-05)", InputPer1k: 0.015, OutputPer1k: 0.075, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0015, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.01875, ContextWindow: 200000},
+			{ID: "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6", Label: "Claude Sonnet 4.6 (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00375, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", Label: "Claude Sonnet 4.5 (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00375, ContextWindow: 200000},
+			{ID: "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5", Label: "Claude Haiku 4.5 (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.005, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0001, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00125, ContextWindow: 200000},
+			{ID: "meta.llama3-3-70b-instruct", Label: "Llama 3.3 70B (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.00072, OutputPer1k: 0.00072, ContextWindow: 128000},
+			{ID: "amazon.nova-2-lite", Label: "Amazon Nova 2 Lite (Bedrock, preview)", InputPer1k: 0.0003, OutputPer1k: 0.0025, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "amazon.nova-pro", Label: "Amazon Nova Pro (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.0008, OutputPer1k: 0.0032, ContextWindow: 300000},
+			{ID: "amazon.nova-lite", Label: "Amazon Nova Lite (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.00006, OutputPer1k: 0.00024, ContextWindow: 300000},
+			{ID: "amazon.nova-micro", Label: "Amazon Nova Micro (Bedrock)", InputPer1k: 0.000035, OutputPer1k: 0.00014, ContextWindow: 128000},
+		},
+		// Bedrock accepts a cost-allocation metadata header; stamp the caller's
+		// user + authorizing group so spend can be attributed in AWS Cost
+		// Management. Sanitized because Bedrock restricts the value character set.
+		IdentityInjection: &IdentityInjection{
+			JSONMetadata: &JSONMetadataInjection{
+				Header:         "X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata",
+				UserKey:        "user",
+				GroupsKey:      "group",
+				MaxValueLength: 256,
+				Sanitize:       true,
+			},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "vertex_ai_api",
+		Kind:               KindProvider,
+		Name:               "Google Vertex AI API",
+		Description:        "Anthropic Claude models hosted on Vertex AI",
+		DefaultHost:        "<region>-aiplatform.googleapis.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#4285F4",
+		// Only the v1beta1 publisher listing answers: the v1 form and the
+		// project-scoped form under BOTH versions return 404. That means the
+		// list is publisher-global — it cannot say which models this project
+		// has enabled — so it is offered as a suggestion beside the catalog
+		// rather than replacing it. See the discovery e2e for the probes.
+		Discovery: &Discovery{
+			Path:  "/v1beta1/publishers/anthropic/models",
+			Shape: ShapeVertexPublisherModels,
+		},
+		// ParserID stays empty (path-style dispatch via IsVertexPathStyle);
+		// Anthropic-on-Vertex requests are metered under the "anthropic"
+		// surface with the bare, unversioned model id.
+		PricingSurfaces: []string{"anthropic"},
+		// Vertex carries the model in the URL path and authenticates with a
+		// service-account-minted OAuth token (api_key = "keyfile::<base64 SA>").
+		// Only Anthropic-on-Vertex is metered today: the request parser maps the
+		// anthropic publisher to the Anthropic parser, so the lineup + prices
+		// mirror the first-party Anthropic catalog (LiteLLM vertex_ai/claude-*
+		// confirms the same per-token rates; cross-region profiles in eu/apac
+		// carry a ~10% premium that base pricing does not model). Gemini (the
+		// google publisher) is intentionally omitted until a Gemini parser
+		// exists — the router denies unmeterable publishers rather than forward
+		// them uncounted.
+		Models: []Model{
+			{ID: "claude-opus-5", Label: "Claude Opus 5 (Vertex)", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-sonnet-5", Label: "Claude Sonnet 5 (Vertex)", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00375, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-fable-5", Label: "Claude Fable 5 (Vertex)", InputPer1k: 0.010, OutputPer1k: 0.050, CacheReadPer1k: 0.001, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.0125, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-opus-4-8", Label: "Claude Opus 4.8 (Vertex)", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-opus-4-7", Label: "Claude Opus 4.7 (Vertex)", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-opus-4-6", Label: "Claude Opus 4.6 (Vertex)", InputPer1k: 0.005, OutputPer1k: 0.025, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0005, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00625, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-opus-4-1", Label: "Claude Opus 4.1 (Vertex, deprecated 2026-08-05)", InputPer1k: 0.015, OutputPer1k: 0.075, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0015, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.01875, ContextWindow: 200000},
+			{ID: "claude-sonnet-4-6", Label: "Claude Sonnet 4.6 (Vertex)", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00375, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+			{ID: "claude-sonnet-4-5", Label: "Claude Sonnet 4.5 (Vertex)", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00375, ContextWindow: 200000},
+			{ID: "claude-haiku-4-5", Label: "Claude Haiku 4.5 (Vertex)", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.005, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0001, CacheCreationPer1k: 0.00125, ContextWindow: 200000},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "mistral_api",
+		Kind:               KindProvider,
+		Name:               "Mistral API",
+		Description:        "Mistral cloud API",
+		DefaultHost:        "api.mistral.ai",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#FF7000",
+		ParserID:           "openai",
+		PricingSurfaces:    []string{"openai"},
+		// Pricing + context windows cross-checked against LiteLLM. Key
+		// gotchas the marketing page hides:
+		//   - `mistral-medium-latest` aliases to Medium 3.1 ($0.40/$2),
+		//     NOT Medium 3.5 ($1.50/$7.50). Catalog exposes both.
+		//   - `mistral-large-latest` aliases to Large 3 — 262K context,
+		//     cheaper than Medium 3.5.
+		//   - Magistral models are tuned for reasoning but cap context
+		//     at only 40K (vs 128K-262K elsewhere).
+		//   - `codestral-latest` still routes to the old 2405 build
+		//     ($1/$3) per LiteLLM; the newer codestral-2508 is both
+		//     cheaper and longer-context. Both exposed.
+		//   - Pixtral was folded into the main Large/Medium series; no
+		//     standalone vision entry.
+		Models: []Model{
+			{ID: "mistral-large-latest", Label: "Mistral Large 3", InputPer1k: 0.0005, OutputPer1k: 0.0015, ContextWindow: 262144},
+			{ID: "mistral-medium-latest", Label: "Mistral Medium 3.1", InputPer1k: 0.0004, OutputPer1k: 0.002, ContextWindow: 131072},
+			{ID: "mistral-medium-3-5", Label: "Mistral Medium 3.5", InputPer1k: 0.0015, OutputPer1k: 0.0075, ContextWindow: 262144},
+			{ID: "mistral-small-latest", Label: "Mistral Small 3.2", InputPer1k: 0.00006, OutputPer1k: 0.00018, ContextWindow: 131072},
+			{ID: "magistral-medium-latest", Label: "Magistral Medium (reasoning)", InputPer1k: 0.002, OutputPer1k: 0.005, ContextWindow: 40000},
+			{ID: "magistral-small-latest", Label: "Magistral Small (reasoning)", InputPer1k: 0.0005, OutputPer1k: 0.0015, ContextWindow: 40000},
+			{ID: "devstral-medium-latest", Label: "Devstral Medium 2 (coding)", InputPer1k: 0.0004, OutputPer1k: 0.002, ContextWindow: 256000},
+			{ID: "devstral-small-latest", Label: "Devstral Small 2 (coding)", InputPer1k: 0.0001, OutputPer1k: 0.0003, ContextWindow: 256000},
+			{ID: "codestral-2508", Label: "Codestral 2508", InputPer1k: 0.0003, OutputPer1k: 0.0009, ContextWindow: 256000},
+			{ID: "codestral-latest", Label: "Codestral (legacy 2405)", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.003, ContextWindow: 32000},
+			{ID: "ministral-3-14b-2512", Label: "Ministral 3 14B", InputPer1k: 0.0002, OutputPer1k: 0.0002, ContextWindow: 262144},
+			{ID: "ministral-8b-latest", Label: "Ministral 8B", InputPer1k: 0.00015, OutputPer1k: 0.00015, ContextWindow: 262144},
+			{ID: "ministral-3-3b-2512", Label: "Ministral 3 3B", InputPer1k: 0.0001, OutputPer1k: 0.0001, ContextWindow: 131072},
+			{ID: "mistral-embed", Label: "Mistral Embed", InputPer1k: 0.0001, OutputPer1k: 0, ContextWindow: 8192},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "kimi_api",
+		Kind:               KindProvider,
+		Name:               "Kimi (Moonshot AI) API",
+		Description:        "Kimi K3 / K2 models via the Moonshot AI platform",
+		DefaultHost:        "api.moonshot.ai",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#1A1A2E",
+		// ParserID empty on purpose: Moonshot serves two body shapes on
+		// the same host and key, and the proxy's URL sniffer dispatches
+		// both (same pattern as Bifrost). /v1/chat/completions matches
+		// OpenAIParser; the Anthropic-compatible endpoint the official
+		// Claude Code guide uses (/anthropic/v1/messages) contains
+		// "/v1/messages" and matches AnthropicParser. Pinning "openai"
+		// here would misparse the Claude Code path — the primary way
+		// teams consume Kimi for coding today. Both endpoints accept the
+		// same Moonshot key via Authorization: Bearer (Claude Code's
+		// ANTHROPIC_AUTH_TOKEN rides that header too).
+		//
+		// api.moonshot.ai is the international platform; mainland-China
+		// accounts live on api.moonshot.cn with separate billing —
+		// operators there override the host on the provider record. The
+		// kimi.com subscription coding endpoint (api.kimi.com/coding,
+		// model id "k3") is account-bound seat licensing rather than a
+		// meterable platform key, so it's deliberately not the default.
+		ParserID: "",
+		// Both body shapes are metered: /v1/chat/completions under
+		// "openai", /anthropic/v1/messages under "anthropic" — so the
+		// K3 entry is priced on both surfaces.
+		PricingSurfaces: []string{"openai", "anthropic"},
+		// Pricing per Moonshot's platform rates at K3 launch (July 2026):
+		// $3/$15 per MTok with $0.30 cached input, flat across the 1M-token
+		// window. kimi-k3 is the ONLY model the platform serves newer
+		// accounts — K2-era ids (kimi-k2-thinking) and even the kimi-latest
+		// alias return resource_not_found_error, verified live 2026-07-21 —
+		// so it's the only catalog entry. Grandfathered accounts with K2
+		// access can still type those ids on the provider's model rows.
+		// The consumer app's "K3 Swarm Max" mode is not an API SKU, so it
+		// doesn't appear here.
+		Models: []Model{
+			// Carries both cache shapes: Moonshot reports cache hits
+			// OpenAI-style on /v1/chat/completions (CachedInputPer1k)
+			// and Anthropic-style on /anthropic/v1/messages
+			// (CacheReadPer1k) — $0.30/MTok either way. Each surface's
+			// cost formula reads only its own field, so the superset
+			// entry prices both endpoints correctly. No cache-creation
+			// rate published; writes bill at the input rate.
+			{ID: "kimi-k3", Label: "Kimi K3", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CachedInputPer1k: 0.0003, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003, ContextWindow: 1000000},
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "litellm_proxy",
+		Kind:               KindGateway,
+		Name:               "LiteLLM Proxy",
+		Description:        "Bring your own LiteLLM proxy with NetBird identity stamped on every request",
+		DefaultHost:        "",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#0EA5E9",
+		ParserID:           "openai",
+		// IdentityInjection requires a LiteLLM virtual key minted with
+		// metadata.allow_client_tags=true; the master key silently drops
+		// caller tags. Tags go out via both the x-litellm-tags header and
+		// body metadata.tags: LiteLLM enforces budgets from the body only,
+		// so the header is the spend-tracking fallback when body injection
+		// can't run. See the Agent Network provider docs for key setup.
+		IdentityInjection: &IdentityInjection{
+			HeaderPair: &HeaderPairInjection{
+				EndUserIDHeader: "x-litellm-end-user-id",
+				TagsHeader:      "x-litellm-tags",
+				TagsInBody:      true,
+				EndUserIDInBody: true,
+			},
+		},
+		Models: []Model{},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "agentgateway",
+		Kind:               KindGateway,
+		Name:               "agentgateway",
+		Description:        "Bring your own agentgateway with trusted NetBird identity stamped on every request",
+		DefaultHost:        "",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#8023C3",
+		// Agentgateway accepts both OpenAI and Anthropic request shapes.
+		// Leave ParserID empty so the proxy detects the shape from the URL.
+		ParserID:        "",
+		RouterVendors:   []string{"openai", "anthropic"},
+		PricingSurfaces: []string{"openai", "anthropic"},
+		Discovery: &Discovery{
+			Path:            "/v1/models",
+			Shape:           ShapeOpenAIData,
+			ExactModelsOnly: true,
+		},
+		IdentityInjection: &IdentityInjection{
+			HeaderPair: &HeaderPairInjection{
+				EndUserIDHeader: "x-netbird-user-id",
+				TagsHeader:      "x-netbird-groups",
+			},
+		},
+		Models: []Model{},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:          "portkey",
+		Kind:        KindGateway,
+		Name:        "Portkey AI Gateway",
+		Description: "Portkey AI Gateway with NetBird identity stamped via x-portkey-metadata",
+		DefaultHost: "api.portkey.ai",
+		// Portkey hosted requires x-portkey-api-key (account key)
+		// plus a routing decision per request. The simplest routing
+		// path is a saved Portkey config id stamped via
+		// x-portkey-config — operators paste the pc-... id once and
+		// Portkey resolves the upstream provider + virtual key from
+		// it. ExtraHeaders below surfaces the input. Alternative:
+		// callers author "@org/model" in the body; both flows
+		// coexist (per-request authoring still works without a
+		// configured value).
+		AuthHeaderName:     "x-portkey-api-key",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#FF5C00",
+		ParserID:           "openai",
+		IdentityInjection: &IdentityInjection{
+			JSONMetadata: &JSONMetadataInjection{
+				Header:         "x-portkey-metadata",
+				UserKey:        "_user",
+				GroupsKey:      "groups",
+				MaxValueLength: 128,
+			},
+		},
+		ExtraHeaders: []ExtraHeader{
+			{Name: "x-portkey-config"},
+		},
+		Models: []Model{},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "bifrost",
+		Kind:               KindGateway,
+		Name:               "Bifrost",
+		Description:        "Maxim AI's Bifrost gateway. Point upstream URL at /openai/v1 or /anthropic/v1 on your Bifrost host depending on which body shape your apps use.",
+		DefaultHost:        "",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#7C3AED",
+		// ParserID empty: the proxy's request parser sniffs the URL
+		// path. Bifrost's /openai/v1/... contains "/v1/chat/completions"
+		// (matches OpenAIParser.DetectFromURL); /anthropic/v1/messages
+		// contains "/v1/messages" (matches AnthropicParser). Operators
+		// who paste a different prefix get no usage parsing and the
+		// cost meter skips with skipMissingProvider — degraded but
+		// non-fatal.
+		ParserID: "",
+		// Identity-injection headers are operator-customisable. The
+		// HeaderPair values below are PLACEHOLDERS surfaced by the
+		// dashboard; the actual values stamped on the wire come from
+		// the provider record's IdentityHeaderUserID /
+		// IdentityHeaderGroups fields. An empty operator value
+		// disables stamping for that dimension (the inject middleware
+		// already no-ops on empty header names). Defaulting to the
+		// x-bf-dim- family so the values land in Bifrost's
+		// Prometheus/OTEL pipelines when the operator declares the
+		// label names in their client.prometheus_labels config — see
+		// docs.getbifrost.ai/features/telemetry. Operators who use
+		// the always-on x-bf-lh- log-metadata family (no Bifrost-side
+		// declaration required) just edit the inputs.
+		//
+		// Bifrost virtual keys (sk-bf-*) ride Authorization: Bearer.
+		// Operators provision the VK on their Bifrost (UI /
+		// config.json / POST /api/governance/virtual-keys) and paste
+		// the returned sk-bf-... as ${API_KEY}. Pin v1.4+ to avoid
+		// the v1.3.0 x-bf-vk regression (maximhq/bifrost#632).
+		IdentityInjection: &IdentityInjection{
+			HeaderPair: &HeaderPairInjection{
+				EndUserIDHeader: "x-bf-dim-netbird_user_id",
+				TagsHeader:      "x-bf-dim-netbird_groups",
+				Customizable:    true,
+			},
+		},
+		Models: []Model{},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "cloudflare_ai_gateway",
+		Kind:               KindGateway,
+		Name:               "Cloudflare AI Gateway",
+		Description:        "Cloudflare AI Gateway. Operator pastes the gateway URL (with the upstream provider slug like /openai or /anthropic so the URL sniffer dispatches to the right parser) and a per-gateway authentication token. Recommended setup is BYOK / Stored Keys: Cloudflare manages the upstream provider credential and the gateway token is the only secret NetBird needs.",
+		DefaultHost:        "",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "cf-aig-authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#F38020",
+		// ParserID empty: like Bifrost, the proxy's parser-detect
+		// sniffs the URL path. /openai/... contains the OpenAI hint
+		// substrings; /anthropic/v1/messages contains /v1/messages
+		// (matches AnthropicParser). The /compat universal endpoint
+		// also speaks OpenAI shape so OpenAIParser handles it.
+		// Operators who paste a different prefix degrade to no-cost
+		// (skipMissingProvider) but the request still flows.
+		ParserID: "",
+		// cf-aig-metadata is a single header carrying a JSON object;
+		// up to five string/number/boolean values per request. NetBird
+		// occupies two slots (user id + groups CSV) and leaves three
+		// for operator-added context. JSON keys are operator-
+		// customisable so Cloudflare-side log filters can use the
+		// operator's existing label conventions instead of NetBird's
+		// defaults — hence Customizable=true. The dashboard surfaces
+		// the catalog values as placeholders; only the values stored
+		// on the provider record's IdentityHeader* fields land on the
+		// wire (empty operator value = key is omitted from the JSON,
+		// since applyJSONMetadata already skips empty keys).
+		IdentityInjection: &IdentityInjection{
+			JSONMetadata: &JSONMetadataInjection{
+				Header:       "cf-aig-metadata",
+				UserKey:      "netbird_user_id",
+				GroupsKey:    "netbird_groups",
+				Customizable: true,
+				// Cloudflare's docs don't specify a per-value cap;
+				// leaving 0 disables the truncate path. Header-level
+				// constraint is "5 entries max" rather than length.
+				MaxValueLength: 0,
+			},
+		},
+		Models: []Model{},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "vercel_ai_gateway",
+		Kind:               KindGateway,
+		Name:               "Vercel AI Gateway",
+		Description:        "Vercel's unified API for hundreds of models. Single endpoint, OpenAI-compatible body, model dispatch via prefix (openai/..., anthropic/..., google/..., xai/...). Per-user / per-tag attribution lands in Vercel's Custom Reporting API and observability dashboard.",
+		DefaultHost:        "",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#000000",
+		// Vercel always speaks OpenAI shape on /v1/chat/completions —
+		// the model prefix in the body picks the upstream provider.
+		// No URL sniffing needed; pin the parser directly.
+		ParserID: "openai",
+		// HeaderPair shape with fixed wire names dictated by Vercel's
+		// Custom Reporting API contract. Customizable=false because
+		// renaming the headers makes Vercel silently stop attributing
+		// — the gateway's reporting endpoint only matches its own
+		// header names. Same fixed-protocol position as LiteLLM.
+		//
+		// Caveats operators should know:
+		//   - up to 10 tags total per request (deduped); 11+ → HTTP 400
+		//   - each tag must be 1-64 chars
+		//   - user up to 256 chars (NetBird user emails fit)
+		//   - $0.075 per 1k unique user/tag values written
+		// We don't enforce the caps in the inject middleware today;
+		// operators in groups beyond the 10-tag limit will see Vercel
+		// 400s and need to re-scope their group memberships.
+		IdentityInjection: &IdentityInjection{
+			HeaderPair: &HeaderPairInjection{
+				EndUserIDHeader: "ai-reporting-user",
+				TagsHeader:      "ai-reporting-tags",
+			},
+		},
+		Models: []Model{},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "openrouter",
+		Kind:               KindGateway,
+		Name:               "OpenRouter",
+		Description:        "OpenRouter's unified API for hundreds of models. Single endpoint at openrouter.ai/api/v1, OpenAI-compatible body, model dispatch via prefix (anthropic/claude-..., openai/gpt-..., google/gemini-..., etc.). Per-user attribution lands in OpenRouter's analytics via the OpenAI-standard `user` body field; OpenRouter has no groups / tags dimension at request time.",
+		DefaultHost:        "openrouter.ai/api/v1",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#6F4FF2",
+		// OpenRouter is single-endpoint OpenAI-shape on /api/v1/chat/completions —
+		// model prefix in the body picks the upstream provider.
+		// Pinning the parser saves URL sniffing.
+		ParserID: "openai",
+		// HeaderPair shape with EndUserIDInBody as the only active
+		// dimension. OpenRouter's per-user attribution is the
+		// OpenAI-standard `user` body field, not a header — and
+		// OpenRouter offers no per-request groups / tags dimension at
+		// all. Customizable=false because the field name is locked by
+		// OpenAI's spec; renaming would just defeat the inject.
+		IdentityInjection: &IdentityInjection{
+			HeaderPair: &HeaderPairInjection{
+				EndUserIDInBody: true,
+			},
+		},
+		// HTTP-Referer + X-OpenRouter-Title surface in OpenRouter's
+		// app rankings and per-app analytics. Operators paste their
+		// own app URL + display name on the provider record so their
+		// requests show under their brand instead of "no app". Both
+		// are static per-deployment, not per-request, hence the
+		// ExtraHeaders mechanism (operator-typed value, stamped on
+		// every request to this provider). Skip X-OpenRouter-Categories
+		// for now — the marketplace-categories dimension is
+		// niche-enough that we'd add it on demand.
+		ExtraHeaders: []ExtraHeader{
+			{Name: "HTTP-Referer"},
+			{Name: "X-OpenRouter-Title"},
+		},
+		Models: []Model{},
+	},
+	{
+		// vLLM is an OpenAI-compatible self-hosted server. It behaves like
+		// the generic custom entry; it gets its own catalog id purely so it
+		// surfaces as a named "vLLM" choice in the provider picker.
+		ID:                 "vllm",
+		Kind:               KindCustom,
+		Name:               "vLLM",
+		Description:        "Self-hosted vLLM (OpenAI-compatible)",
+		DefaultHost:        "",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#30A2FF",
+		Models:             []Model{},
+	},
+	{
+		ID:                 "custom",
+		Kind:               KindCustom,
+		Name:               "Custom / Self-hosted",
+		Description:        "OpenAI-compatible endpoint (vLLM, Ollama, …)",
+		DefaultHost:        "",
+		AuthHeaderName:     "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: "Bearer ${API_KEY}",
+		DefaultContentType: "application/json",
+		BrandColor:         "#9CA3AF",
+		Models:             []Model{},
+	},
+}
+
+// All returns a copy of the full catalog.
+func All() []Provider {
+	out := make([]Provider, len(providers))
+	copy(out, providers)
+	return out
+}
+
+// Lookup returns the catalog entry with the given id, if any.
+func Lookup(id string) (Provider, bool) {
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		if p.ID == id {
+			return p, true
+		}
+	}
+	return Provider{}, false
+}
+
+// IsKnown reports whether the given id refers to a catalog entry.
+func IsKnown(id string) bool {
+	_, ok := Lookup(id)
+	return ok
+}
+
+// IsVertexPathStyle reports whether a provider uses the Google Vertex AI
+// request shape — the model is carried in the URL path
+// (/v1/projects/{p}/locations/{r}/publishers/{pub}/models/{model}:{action})
+// rather than the body, so the proxy routes it by path instead of by model.
+func IsVertexPathStyle(providerID string) bool {
+	return providerID == "vertex_ai_api"
+}
+
+// IsBedrockPathStyle reports whether a provider uses the AWS Bedrock request
+// shape — the model is carried in the URL path (/model/{modelId}/{action},
+// action being invoke, invoke-with-response-stream, converse, or
+// converse-stream) rather than the body, so the proxy routes it by path.
+func IsBedrockPathStyle(providerID string) bool {
+	return providerID == "bedrock_api"
+}
+
+// ToAPIResponse renders a catalog provider as the API representation.
+func (p Provider) ToAPIResponse() api.AgentNetworkCatalogProvider {
+	models := make([]api.AgentNetworkCatalogModel, 0, len(p.Models))
+	for _, m := range p.Models {
+		am := api.AgentNetworkCatalogModel{
+			Id:            m.ID,
+			Label:         m.Label,
+			InputPer1k:    m.InputPer1k,
+			OutputPer1k:   m.OutputPer1k,
+			ContextWindow: m.ContextWindow,
+		}
+		// Cache rates are emitted only when configured so the dashboard
+		// can prefill them; 0 stays off the wire (absent = no rate).
+		if m.CachedInputPer1k > 0 {
+			v := m.CachedInputPer1k
+			am.CachedInputPer1k = &v
+		}
+		if m.CacheReadPer1k > 0 {
+			v := m.CacheReadPer1k
+			am.CacheReadPer1k = &v
+		}
+		if m.CacheCreationPer1k > 0 {
+			v := m.CacheCreationPer1k
+			am.CacheCreationPer1k = &v
+		}
+		models = append(models, am)
+	}
+	kind := api.AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindProvider
+	switch p.Kind {
+	case KindGateway:
+		kind = api.AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindGateway
+	case KindCustom:
+		kind = api.AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindCustom
+	}
+	resp := api.AgentNetworkCatalogProvider{
+		Id:                 p.ID,
+		Name:               p.Name,
+		Description:        p.Description,
+		DefaultHost:        p.DefaultHost,
+		Kind:               kind,
+		AuthHeaderTemplate: p.AuthHeaderTemplate,
+		DefaultContentType: p.DefaultContentType,
+		BrandColor:         p.BrandColor,
+		Models:             models,
+	}
+	if len(p.PricingSurfaces) > 0 {
+		surfaces := append([]string(nil), p.PricingSurfaces...)
+		resp.PricingSurfaces = &surfaces
+	}
+	if len(p.ExtraHeaders) > 0 {
+		extras := make([]api.AgentNetworkCatalogExtraHeader, 0, len(p.ExtraHeaders))
+		for _, h := range p.ExtraHeaders {
+			extras = append(extras, api.AgentNetworkCatalogExtraHeader{
+				Name: h.Name,
+			})
+		}
+		resp.ExtraHeaders = &extras
+	}
+	// Surface IdentityInjection so the dashboard can decide whether
+	// to render editable inputs vs. a read-only mappings strip per
+	// shape's customizable flag. HeaderPair (Bifrost) and
+	// JSONMetadata (Cloudflare, Portkey) are mutually exclusive on a
+	// given catalog entry; emit whichever shape is set.
+	if p.IdentityInjection != nil {
+		injection := &api.AgentNetworkCatalogIdentityInjection{}
+		if hp := p.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair; hp != nil {
+			injection.HeaderPair = &api.AgentNetworkCatalogHeaderPairInjection{
+				Customizable:    hp.Customizable,
+				EndUserIdHeader: hp.EndUserIDHeader,
+				TagsHeader:      hp.TagsHeader,
+			}
+		}
+		if jm := p.IdentityInjection.JSONMetadata; jm != nil {
+			injection.JsonMetadata = &api.AgentNetworkCatalogJSONMetadataInjection{
+				Customizable: jm.Customizable,
+				Header:       jm.Header,
+				UserKey:      jm.UserKey,
+				GroupsKey:    jm.GroupsKey,
+			}
+		}
+		if injection.HeaderPair != nil || injection.JsonMetadata != nil {
+			resp.IdentityInjection = injection
+		}
+	}
+	return resp
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8abd3a312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog/catalog_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package catalog
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestClaudeLineupSelectable pins the models Claude Code resolves to by
+// default. A model absent from the lineup can't be ticked on a provider
+// record, so llm_router denies it as not-routable and the operator has no
+// way to authorise the client's own default.
+func TestClaudeLineupSelectable(t *testing.T) {
+	for providerID, wanted := range map[string][]string{
+		"anthropic_api": {"claude-opus-5", "claude-sonnet-5", "claude-haiku-4-5"},
+		"bedrock_api":   {"anthropic.claude-opus-5", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-5", "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"},
+		"vertex_ai_api": {"claude-opus-5", "claude-sonnet-5", "claude-haiku-4-5"},
+	} {
+		provider, ok := Lookup(providerID)
+		require.True(t, ok, "catalog must define %s", providerID)
+
+		selectable := make(map[string]Model, len(provider.Models))
+		for _, m := range provider.Models {
+			selectable[m.ID] = m
+		}
+		for _, id := range wanted {
+			model, found := selectable[id]
+			require.True(t, found, "%s must offer %s", providerID, id)
+			assert.NotEmpty(t, model.Label, "%s/%s needs a label for the picker", providerID, id)
+			assert.Positive(t, model.InputPer1k, "%s/%s needs an input rate", providerID, id)
+			assert.Positive(t, model.OutputPer1k, "%s/%s needs an output rate", providerID, id)
+			assert.Positive(t, model.ContextWindow, "%s/%s needs a context window", providerID, id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAgentgatewayCatalogEntry(t *testing.T) {
+	entry, ok := Lookup("agentgateway")
+	require.True(t, ok, "agentgateway must be available in the provider catalog")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, KindGateway, entry.Kind, "agentgateway must be grouped with AI gateways")
+	assert.Empty(t, entry.DefaultHost, "operators must provide their agentgateway proxy URL")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Authorization", entry.AuthHeaderName)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Bearer ${API_KEY}", entry.AuthHeaderTemplate)
+	assert.Equal(t, "application/json", entry.DefaultContentType)
+	assert.Empty(t, entry.ParserID, "URL detection must select the OpenAI or Anthropic parser")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"openai", "anthropic"}, entry.RouterVendors,
+		"agentgateway must accept both parser surfaces")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"openai", "anthropic"}, entry.PricingSurfaces,
+		"agentgateway models can use either pricing surface")
+	assert.Empty(t, entry.Models, "an empty model list makes agentgateway a catch-all route")
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.Discovery)
+	assert.Empty(t, entry.Discovery.Host, "discovery must use the configured proxy URL")
+	assert.Equal(t, "/v1/models", entry.Discovery.Path)
+	assert.Equal(t, ShapeOpenAIData, entry.Discovery.Shape)
+	assert.True(t, entry.Discovery.ExactModelsOnly,
+		"wildcard model semantics are not supported by NetBird")
+
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.IdentityInjection)
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair)
+	assert.Nil(t, entry.IdentityInjection.JSONMetadata)
+	assert.False(t, entry.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair.Customizable,
+		"NetBird identity header names are part of the integration contract")
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-netbird-user-id", entry.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair.EndUserIDHeader)
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-netbird-groups", entry.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair.TagsHeader)
+	assert.False(t, entry.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair.EndUserIDInBody)
+	assert.False(t, entry.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair.TagsInBody)
+}
+
+func TestAgentgatewayCatalogAPIResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	entry, ok := Lookup("agentgateway")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	resp := entry.ToAPIResponse()
+	assert.Equal(t, "agentgateway", resp.Id)
+	assert.Equal(t, api.AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindGateway, resp.Kind)
+	assert.Empty(t, resp.Models)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.IdentityInjection)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair)
+	assert.False(t, resp.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair.Customizable)
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-netbird-user-id", resp.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair.EndUserIdHeader)
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-netbird-groups", resp.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair.TagsHeader)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/credentialcheck.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/credentialcheck.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4787d019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/credentialcheck.go
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// ModelLister is the vendor-facing half of the credential check.
+// modeldiscovery.Client is the only production implementation; it is an
+// interface because the check runs on a write path, so without a seam every
+// test that saves a provider would reach a vendor to do it.
+type ModelLister interface {
+	Fetch(ctx context.Context, req modeldiscovery.Request) ([]modeldiscovery.Model, error)
+}
+
+// checkProviderCredential refuses a record whose upstream or credential the
+// vendor will not accept.
+//
+// It reuses the discovery Fetch rather than a lighter status probe so it
+// exercises the path the model picker takes: a URL answering 200 with a login
+// page fails here instead of producing an empty picker later.
+func (m *managerImpl) checkProviderCredential(ctx context.Context, provider *types.Provider) error {
+	// A record that asks the proxy to skip certificate verification is one this
+	// check cannot speak for. Discovery verifies certificates, so a self-hosted
+	// endpoint behind a self-signed one would be refused for a reason the
+	// operator already told us to ignore — a lockout of exactly the setup the
+	// flag exists for. Sending the credential over a connection management
+	// declines to verify is the other way out, and a worse one.
+	if provider.SkipTLSVerification {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("agent network provider %s not credential-checked: tls verification is disabled for it", provider.ProviderID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	_, err := m.modelDiscovery.Fetch(ctx, modeldiscovery.Request{
+		CatalogID:   provider.ProviderID,
+		UpstreamURL: provider.UpstreamURL,
+		APIKey:      provider.APIKey,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	message, blocking := credentialCheckFailure(err)
+	if !blocking {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("agent network provider %s not credential-checked: %v", provider.ProviderID, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// WriteError logs only what we return, and that carries no status code,
+	// so the vendor's number is recorded here or nowhere.
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("agent network provider %s failed its credential check: %v", provider.ProviderID, err)
+
+	return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "%s", message)
+}
+
+// discoveryFailure renders a failed model listing for the operator who pressed
+// the button. Every outcome here is something they did or configured — a key
+// the vendor refused, an upstream that does not answer — so it owes them the
+// same sentence a refused save gives, not the generic 500 an unclassified
+// error turns into.
+//
+// ErrNoDiscovery and ErrInvalidRequest pass through untouched: the handler
+// already maps them, and "this provider has no listing endpoint" is a fact
+// about the catalog rather than a failure to report as one.
+func discoveryFailure(ctx context.Context, catalogID string, err error) error {
+	if errors.Is(err, modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscovery) || errors.Is(err, modeldiscovery.ErrInvalidRequest) {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	message, _ := credentialCheckFailure(err)
+	if message == "" {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// The operator's message carries no status code, so the vendor's number is
+	// recorded here or nowhere.
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("agent network model discovery for %s failed: %v", catalogID, err)
+
+	return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "%s", message)
+}
+
+// credentialCheckFailure renders a discovery failure as the sentence the
+// provider form shows, and reports whether it should block the write.
+//
+// The strings survive WriteError lowercasing them, and never echo the
+// operator's URL: paths are case-sensitive, so an echoed URL comes back
+// altered and describes something they did not type.
+func credentialCheckFailure(err error) (message string, blocking bool) {
+	// Not checkable. The record may be perfectly good and we have no way to
+	// ask, so reporting a failure would be a guess.
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscovery),
+		errors.Is(err, modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscoveryHost),
+		errors.Is(err, modeldiscovery.ErrPrivateHost):
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	var vendor *modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError
+	if errors.As(err, &vendor) {
+		switch vendor.Status {
+		case http.StatusUnauthorized, http.StatusForbidden:
+			return "the provider rejected the credential", true
+		case http.StatusNotFound, http.StatusMethodNotAllowed:
+			return "the upstream url did not answer a model listing", true
+		default:
+			// 5xx and 429 included: an outage still leaves the record
+			// unverified, which is what this refuses to save.
+			return "the provider returned an error", true
+		}
+	}
+
+	var unreachable *modeldiscovery.UnreachableError
+	if errors.As(err, &unreachable) {
+		if reason := unreachable.Reason(); reason != "" {
+			return "the upstream url could not be reached: " + reason, true
+		}
+		return "the upstream url could not be reached", true
+	}
+
+	if errors.Is(err, modeldiscovery.ErrUnparseableListing) {
+		return "the upstream url answered, but not with a model listing", true
+	}
+
+	// Ours rather than the vendor's — a request this code built badly, or a
+	// catalog entry that does not match its parser. Still unverified, so it
+	// still blocks.
+	return "the provider could not be checked", true
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/credentialcheck_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/credentialcheck_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1dc8c537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/credentialcheck_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,605 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// stubLister stands in for the vendor on the write path. It records what it
+// was asked so a test can assert not only that the check ran, but that it ran
+// against the right upstream and the right credential — and, for an edit that
+// touches neither, that it did not run at all.
+type stubLister struct {
+	err      error
+	requests []modeldiscovery.Request
+}
+
+func (s *stubLister) Fetch(_ context.Context, req modeldiscovery.Request) ([]modeldiscovery.Model, error) {
+	s.requests = append(s.requests, req)
+	if s.err != nil {
+		return nil, s.err
+	}
+	return []modeldiscovery.Model{{ID: "a-model", PricingKnown: true}}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *stubLister) calls() int { return len(s.requests) }
+
+func (s *stubLister) only(t *testing.T) modeldiscovery.Request {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.Len(t, s.requests, 1, "the vendor must be asked exactly once")
+	return s.requests[0]
+}
+
+// TestCredentialCheckFailure_SeparatesTheUrlFromTheCredential is the contract
+// the provider form is written against: an operator gets told which of the two
+// fields they have to look at, and the message says so without a status code
+// and without echoing the URL back at them.
+func TestCredentialCheckFailure_SeparatesTheUrlFromTheCredential(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "401 is the credential",
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "OpenAI", Status: 401},
+			want: "the provider rejected the credential",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "403 is the credential",
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "Bedrock", Status: 403},
+			want: "the provider rejected the credential",
+		},
+		{
+			// The host authenticated us fine and then said it has no such
+			// endpoint, which is the URL being wrong rather than the key.
+			name: "404 is the url",
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "OpenAI", Status: 404},
+			want: "the upstream url did not answer a model listing",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "405 is the url",
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "OpenAI", Status: 405},
+			want: "the upstream url did not answer a model listing",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "500 is the vendor",
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "Anthropic", Status: 500},
+			want: "the provider returned an error",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "503 is the vendor",
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "Anthropic", Status: 503},
+			want: "the provider returned an error",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "429 is the vendor",
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "Anthropic", Status: 429},
+			want: "the provider returned an error",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, blocking := credentialCheckFailure(tc.err)
+			require.True(t, blocking, "a vendor refusal must block the write")
+			require.Equal(t, tc.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCredentialCheckFailure_NamesTheTransportFault covers the failures that
+// never reached the vendor. The distinction inside them is worth keeping: a
+// refused connection is a wrong port and an unknown host is a wrong hostname,
+// and an operator staring at a URL they believe in needs to be told which.
+func TestCredentialCheckFailure_NamesTheTransportFault(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "unknown host",
+			err:  &net.DNSError{Err: "no such host", Name: "api.example.com", IsNotFound: true},
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached: no such host",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "dns failure that is not a missing name",
+			err:  &net.DNSError{Err: "server misbehaving", Name: "api.example.com"},
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached: dns lookup failed",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "connection refused",
+			err:  &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Net: "tcp", Err: syscall.ECONNREFUSED},
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached: connection refused",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "host unreachable",
+			err:  &net.OpError{Op: "dial", Net: "tcp", Err: syscall.EHOSTUNREACH},
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached: host unreachable",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "timeout",
+			err:  fmt.Errorf("dial: %w", os.ErrDeadlineExceeded),
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached: connection timed out",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "context deadline",
+			err:  fmt.Errorf("dial: %w", context.DeadlineExceeded),
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached: connection timed out",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "untrusted certificate",
+			err:  &tls.CertificateVerificationError{},
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached: tls certificate not trusted",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "plaintext service on an https url",
+			err:  tls.RecordHeaderError{Msg: "first record does not look like a TLS handshake"},
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached: not a tls endpoint",
+		},
+		{
+			// Nothing we recognise. Better to say only that it could not be
+			// reached than to paste a Go error into the provider form.
+			name: "cause we do not recognise",
+			err:  errors.New("something went sideways"),
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			wrapped := &modeldiscovery.UnreachableError{Provider: "OpenAI", Err: tc.err}
+			got, blocking := credentialCheckFailure(wrapped)
+			require.True(t, blocking, "an unreachable upstream must block the write")
+			require.Equal(t, tc.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCredentialCheckFailure_AnAnsweringUrlThatIsNotTheApi covers the case a
+// status probe would wave through: the host is up, the credential was accepted
+// or not required, and the body is a login page. Reusing the discovery parser
+// for the check is what catches it.
+func TestCredentialCheckFailure_AnAnsweringUrlThatIsNotTheApi(t *testing.T) {
+	err := fmt.Errorf("%w: decode model listing: unexpected token", modeldiscovery.ErrUnparseableListing)
+
+	got, blocking := credentialCheckFailure(err)
+	require.True(t, blocking)
+	require.Equal(t, "the upstream url answered, but not with a model listing", got)
+}
+
+// TestCredentialCheckFailure_WhatCannotBeCheckedIsNotAFailure pins the
+// difference between "this record is wrong" and "we have no way to ask". A
+// gateway with no listing endpoint, a Bedrock record pointed at a proxy, and a
+// self-hosted endpoint the proxy reaches through the tunnel are all legitimate
+// providers. Blocking them would make the feature a lockout.
+func TestCredentialCheckFailure_WhatCannotBeCheckedIsNotAFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]error{
+		"no listing endpoint": modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscovery,
+		"no derivable host":   fmt.Errorf("%w: %w: bedrock", modeldiscovery.ErrInvalidRequest, modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscoveryHost),
+		"private upstream":    fmt.Errorf("%w: %w: 10.0.0.5", modeldiscovery.ErrInvalidRequest, modeldiscovery.ErrPrivateHost),
+	}
+
+	for name, err := range cases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			message, blocking := credentialCheckFailure(err)
+			require.False(t, blocking, "a provider we cannot check must still save")
+			require.Empty(t, message)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCredentialCheckFailure_AnUnrecognisedFailureStillBlocks covers a fault of
+// ours rather than the vendor's — a malformed request this code built, or a
+// catalog entry whose parser does not match its endpoint. The record went
+// unverified either way, and silently saving what we could not check is the
+// thing this feature exists to prevent.
+func TestCredentialCheckFailure_AnUnrecognisedFailureStillBlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	message, blocking := credentialCheckFailure(errors.New("no parser for listing shape \"\""))
+	require.True(t, blocking)
+	require.Equal(t, "the provider could not be checked", message)
+}
+
+// newCheckedProvider returns a record shaped the way the handler guarantees
+// one: a known catalog id, a public upstream and a key.
+func newCheckedProvider(accountID string) *types.Provider {
+	provider := types.NewProvider(accountID)
+	provider.ProviderID = "openai_api"
+	provider.Name = "openai"
+	provider.UpstreamURL = "https://api.openai.com"
+	provider.APIKey = "sk-good"
+	provider.Enabled = true
+	return provider
+}
+
+// TestCreateProvider_RefusesARecordTheVendorRejects is the whole point of the
+// feature: a key with a character missing used to save cleanly and surface
+// minutes later as a failed request with nothing pointing back at the record.
+func TestCreateProvider_RefusesARecordTheVendorRejects(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.vendor.err = &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "OpenAI", Status: 401}
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	_, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", newCheckedProvider("account1"))
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "the provider rejected the credential")
+
+	var sErr *status.Error
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &sErr)
+	require.Equal(t, status.InvalidArgument, sErr.Type(), "the refusal must reach the caller as a 422")
+
+	stored, err := f.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "account1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, stored, "a record that failed its check must not be written")
+}
+
+// TestCreateProvider_ChecksTheCredentialItWasGiven pins what the vendor is
+// asked with, since a check run against the wrong upstream or a stale key
+// would pass while proving nothing.
+func TestCreateProvider_ChecksTheCredentialItWasGiven(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	_, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", newCheckedProvider("account1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	asked := f.vendor.only(t)
+	require.Equal(t, "openai_api", asked.CatalogID)
+	require.Equal(t, "https://api.openai.com", asked.UpstreamURL)
+	require.Equal(t, "sk-good", asked.APIKey)
+}
+
+// TestUpdateProvider_AUrlOnlyChangeIsCheckedAgainstTheStoredKey covers the
+// case that shaped where the check sits. The key never returns to the browser,
+// so an operator editing only the URL has none to offer — the stored one is
+// the only credential there is, and the new URL still has to be proven with
+// it.
+func TestUpdateProvider_AUrlOnlyChangeIsCheckedAgainstTheStoredKey(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", newCheckedProvider("account1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	f.vendor.requests = nil
+
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update, true)
+	edit := newCheckedProvider("account1")
+	edit.ID = created.ID
+	edit.UpstreamURL = "https://gateway.example.com"
+	edit.APIKey = "" // the form sends no key when it was not retyped
+
+	_, err = f.manager.UpdateProvider(ctx, "user1", edit)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	asked := f.vendor.only(t)
+	require.Equal(t, "https://gateway.example.com", asked.UpstreamURL, "the new url must be what gets tested")
+	require.Equal(t, "sk-good", asked.APIKey, "and the stored key must be what tests it")
+}
+
+// TestUpdateProvider_AFailedRotationLeavesTheWorkingKeyInPlace is the
+// half-applied state the check must never produce: refusing the new key while
+// having already replaced the old one would take the provider down.
+func TestUpdateProvider_AFailedRotationLeavesTheWorkingKeyInPlace(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", newCheckedProvider("account1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	f.vendor.err = &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "OpenAI", Status: 403}
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update, true)
+	rotation := newCheckedProvider("account1")
+	rotation.ID = created.ID
+	rotation.APIKey = "sk-typo"
+
+	_, err = f.manager.UpdateProvider(ctx, "user1", rotation)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "the provider rejected the credential")
+
+	stored, err := f.store.GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "account1", created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "sk-good", stored.APIKey, "the rejected key must not have replaced the working one")
+}
+
+// TestUpdateProvider_AnEditTouchingNeitherFieldAsksNoVendor keeps renames,
+// model rows and price edits off the vendor's doorstep. They have nothing new
+// to prove, and making them wait on a vendor — or fail because one is having a
+// bad day — would be a tax on edits that carry no risk.
+func TestUpdateProvider_AnEditTouchingNeitherFieldAsksNoVendor(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", newCheckedProvider("account1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	f.vendor.requests = nil
+	// Any call at all now would fail the update, which is what makes the
+	// assertion below load-bearing rather than decorative.
+	f.vendor.err = &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "OpenAI", Status: 500}
+
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update, true)
+	rename := newCheckedProvider("account1")
+	rename.ID = created.ID
+	rename.Name = "openai-renamed"
+	rename.APIKey = ""
+
+	_, err = f.manager.UpdateProvider(ctx, "user1", rename)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "an edit that changes neither url nor key must not be checked")
+	require.Zero(t, f.vendor.calls(), "and must not reach the vendor at all")
+}
+
+// TestCreateProvider_AProviderWeCannotCheckStillSaves covers the eleven
+// catalog entries with no listing endpoint, a Bedrock record behind a proxy,
+// and a self-hosted endpoint on a private network. None of those are evidence
+// the record is wrong, and refusing them would make this a lockout.
+func TestCreateProvider_AProviderWeCannotCheckStillSaves(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]error{
+		"gateway with no listing endpoint": modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscovery,
+		"bedrock behind a proxy":           fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", modeldiscovery.ErrInvalidRequest, modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscoveryHost),
+		"self-hosted on a private network": fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", modeldiscovery.ErrInvalidRequest, modeldiscovery.ErrPrivateHost),
+	}
+
+	for name, vendorErr := range cases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctx := context.Background()
+			f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+			f.vendor.err = vendorErr
+			f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+			created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", newCheckedProvider("account1"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, created)
+
+			stored, err := f.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "account1")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Len(t, stored, 1, "a provider we cannot check must still be written")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDiscoveryFailure_TellsTheOperatorWhatWentWrong covers the button, not the
+// save. Pressing "Load models from provider" against a bad key used to answer
+// "internal server error", which names neither the thing that failed nor
+// anything the operator could act on — every outcome here is their key or their
+// URL.
+func TestDiscoveryFailure_TellsTheOperatorWhatWentWrong(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		err  error
+		want string
+	}{
+		"refused credential": {
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "Bedrock", Status: 403},
+			want: "the provider rejected the credential",
+		},
+		"upstream that is not the api": {
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "OpenAI", Status: 404},
+			want: "the upstream url did not answer a model listing",
+		},
+		"upstream that does not resolve": {
+			err: &modeldiscovery.UnreachableError{
+				Provider: "OpenAI",
+				Err:      &net.DNSError{Err: "no such host", Name: "api.example.com", IsNotFound: true},
+			},
+			want: "the upstream url could not be reached: no such host",
+		},
+		"vendor having a bad day": {
+			err:  &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "Anthropic", Status: 503},
+			want: "the provider returned an error",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := discoveryFailure(context.Background(), "openai_api", tc.err)
+			require.EqualError(t, err, tc.want)
+
+			var sErr *status.Error
+			require.ErrorAs(t, err, &sErr)
+			require.Equal(t, status.InvalidArgument, sErr.Type(),
+				"a failure the operator caused must not read as a server fault")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDiscoveryFailure_LeavesTheCatalogFactsAlone keeps the two outcomes the
+// handler already maps. A provider with no listing endpoint is a fact about the
+// catalog entry, and the caller falls back to the catalog's own models rather
+// than showing an error at all — rewriting it as a refusal would turn a normal
+// path into one.
+func TestDiscoveryFailure_LeavesTheCatalogFactsAlone(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, err := range map[string]error{
+		"no listing endpoint": modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscovery,
+		"bad request":         fmt.Errorf("%w: unknown catalog provider", modeldiscovery.ErrInvalidRequest),
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, err, discoveryFailure(context.Background(), "openai_api", err),
+				"the handler's own mapping must still see the original error")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDiscoverProviderModels_SurfacesTheVendorRefusal drives the manager rather
+// than the classifier, so a future refactor that stops translating on this path
+// fails here rather than silently going back to 500s.
+func TestDiscoverProviderModels_SurfacesTheVendorRefusal(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.vendor.err = &modeldiscovery.VendorStatusError{Provider: "OpenAI", Status: 401}
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	_, err := f.manager.DiscoverProviderModels(ctx, "account1", "user1", modeldiscovery.Request{
+		CatalogID:   "openai_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://api.openai.com",
+		APIKey:      "sk-wrong",
+	}, "")
+
+	require.EqualError(t, err, "the provider rejected the credential")
+}
+
+// TestDiscoverProviderModels_ListsAgainstTheUrlOnTheForm covers the edit the
+// operator cannot otherwise make: the upstream has been retyped and the
+// credential has not, because the API never returned it to be retyped. Naming
+// the record supplies the key; the request supplies the URL under test.
+func TestDiscoverProviderModels_ListsAgainstTheUrlOnTheForm(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	// Twice: the create, and the listing, which is gated on Create too.
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", newCheckedProvider("account1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	f.vendor.requests = nil
+
+	_, err = f.manager.DiscoverProviderModels(ctx, "account1", "user1", modeldiscovery.Request{
+		CatalogID:   "openai_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://gateway.example.com",
+	}, created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	asked := f.vendor.only(t)
+	require.Equal(t, "https://gateway.example.com", asked.UpstreamURL, "the typed url must be the one listed against")
+	require.Equal(t, "sk-good", asked.APIKey, "and the stored key must be what lists it")
+}
+
+// TestDiscoverProviderModels_FallsBackToTheStoredUrl keeps the plain refresh
+// working: a request naming only the record still reaches the saved upstream.
+func TestDiscoverProviderModels_FallsBackToTheStoredUrl(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", newCheckedProvider("account1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	stored := f.vendor.only(t).UpstreamURL
+	f.vendor.requests = nil
+
+	_, err = f.manager.DiscoverProviderModels(ctx, "account1", "user1", modeldiscovery.Request{
+		CatalogID: "openai_api",
+	}, created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, stored, f.vendor.only(t).UpstreamURL)
+}
+
+// TestUpdateProvider_MovingARecordToAnotherVendorIsChecked covers the edit that
+// changes neither field the vendor judges and still invalidates both. The
+// catalog entry decides which vendor is asked and under which auth header, so
+// the unchanged credential is now being offered somewhere it has never been
+// accepted.
+func TestUpdateProvider_MovingARecordToAnotherVendorIsChecked(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", newCheckedProvider("account1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	f.vendor.requests = nil
+
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update, true)
+	edit := newCheckedProvider("account1")
+	edit.ID = created.ID
+	edit.ProviderID = "anthropic_api"
+	edit.APIKey = ""
+
+	_, err = f.manager.UpdateProvider(ctx, "user1", edit)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, "anthropic_api", f.vendor.only(t).CatalogID,
+		"the new vendor is the one that has to accept the key")
+}
+
+// TestCreateProvider_ASkipTlsRecordIsNotCheckedAgainstItsCertificate covers the
+// lockout the check would otherwise be: the flag exists for a self-hosted
+// endpoint behind a certificate nothing public can verify, and discovery
+// verifies certificates. Refusing the save would reject the record for the one
+// reason the operator already declared they accept.
+func TestCreateProvider_ASkipTlsRecordIsNotCheckedAgainstItsCertificate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.vendor.err = &modeldiscovery.UnreachableError{
+		Provider: "OpenAI",
+		Err:      &tls.CertificateVerificationError{},
+	}
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	provider := newCheckedProvider("account1")
+	provider.SkipTLSVerification = true
+
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", provider)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "a record we were told not to verify must still save")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, created.ID)
+	require.Zero(t, f.vendor.calls(), "and the vendor must not be asked at all")
+}
+
+// TestCreateProvider_TheStoredKeyIsTheOneThatWasChecked pins the two halves to
+// one value. The vendor call trims the credential before building its auth
+// header; the synthesiser substitutes the stored one verbatim. A key pasted
+// with surrounding whitespace would otherwise pass its check and then fail
+// every request the provider serves.
+func TestCreateProvider_TheStoredKeyIsTheOneThatWasChecked(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	provider := newCheckedProvider("account1")
+	provider.APIKey = "  sk-good\n"
+
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", provider)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, "sk-good", f.vendor.only(t).APIKey, "the vendor is asked about the trimmed key")
+
+	stored, err := f.store.GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "account1", created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "sk-good", stored.APIKey, "and that is the one the proxy will send")
+}
+
+// TestUpdateProvider_TurningTlsVerificationBackOnChecksTheRecord covers the
+// hole the skip-TLS exemption opens on its own. Such a record is stored without
+// ever being checked, so the moment verification is switched back on is the
+// first moment it can be checked at all — and none of the three fields the
+// re-check usually watches has to move for that to happen.
+func TestUpdateProvider_TurningTlsVerificationBackOnChecksTheRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	unchecked := newCheckedProvider("account1")
+	unchecked.SkipTLSVerification = true
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", unchecked)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Zero(t, f.vendor.calls(), "the create was exempt")
+
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update, true)
+	edit := newCheckedProvider("account1")
+	edit.ID = created.ID
+	edit.APIKey = ""
+	edit.SkipTLSVerification = false
+
+	_, err = f.manager.UpdateProvider(ctx, "user1", edit)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, f.vendor.calls(), "switching verification on must check what was never checked")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/access_log_handler.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/access_log_handler.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4484d8c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/access_log_handler.go
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+)
+
+// addAccessLogEndpoints registers the read-only, server-side-filtered
+// agent-network access-log listing and the aggregated usage overview.
+func (h *handler) addAccessLogEndpoints(router *mux.Router) {
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/access-logs", h.listAccessLogs).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/access-log-sessions", h.listAccessLogSessions).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/usage/overview", h.getUsageOverview).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getUsageOverview(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Reuse the access-log filter for the shared date/user/group/provider/model
+	// params; pagination/sort/search are irrelevant for an aggregate.
+	var filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter
+	if err := filter.ParseFromRequest(r); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	// Bound the aggregation window so an unbounded or over-wide query can't load
+	// an account's entire usage history into memory.
+	filter.ApplyUsageOverviewBounds(time.Now())
+	granularity := types.ParseUsageGranularity(r.URL.Query().Get("granularity"))
+
+	buckets, err := h.manager.GetUsageOverview(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, filter, granularity)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	out := make([]api.AgentNetworkUsageBucket, 0, len(buckets))
+	for _, b := range buckets {
+		out = append(out, b.ToAPIResponse())
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, out)
+}
+
+func (h *handler) listAccessLogs(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter
+	if err := filter.ParseFromRequest(r); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	rows, total, err := h.manager.ListAccessLogs(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	data := make([]api.AgentNetworkAccessLog, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		data = append(data, row.ToAPIResponse())
+	}
+
+	pageSize := filter.GetLimit()
+	totalPages := 0
+	if pageSize > 0 {
+		totalPages = int((total + int64(pageSize) - 1) / int64(pageSize))
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, api.AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse{
+		Data:         data,
+		Page:         filter.Page,
+		PageSize:     pageSize,
+		TotalRecords: int(total),
+		TotalPages:   totalPages,
+	})
+}
+
+// listAccessLogSessions returns the access logs grouped by session: the page
+// unit is a session (total counts sessions), each carrying an aggregate summary
+// and its ordered entries. Accepts the same filters as listAccessLogs.
+func (h *handler) listAccessLogSessions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter
+	if err := filter.ParseFromRequest(r); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	sessions, total, err := h.manager.ListAccessLogSessions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	data := make([]api.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, 0, len(sessions))
+	for _, sess := range sessions {
+		data = append(data, sess.ToAPIResponse())
+	}
+
+	pageSize := filter.GetLimit()
+	totalPages := 0
+	if pageSize > 0 {
+		totalPages = int((total + int64(pageSize) - 1) / int64(pageSize))
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, api.AgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsResponse{
+		Data:         data,
+		Page:         filter.Page,
+		PageSize:     pageSize,
+		TotalRecords: int(total),
+		TotalPages:   totalPages,
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/agent_config_handler.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/agent_config_handler.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d6c45110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/agent_config_handler.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+)
+
+// addAgentConfigEndpoints registers the self-service agent-config route.
+// It is available to every authenticated user regardless of role: the
+// providers in the response are scoped strictly to the caller, which is
+// tighter than any role gate could be. The caller's own usage and requests are served by
+// the regular usage/logs endpoints, which self-scope for callers without
+// the account-wide grants.
+func (h *handler) addAgentConfigEndpoints(router *mux.Router) {
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/agent-config", h.getAgentConfig).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getAgentConfig(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	setup, err := h.manager.GetAgentConfigForUser(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, agentConfigToAPI(setup))
+}
+
+func agentConfigToAPI(setup *types.AgentConfig) api.AgentNetworkAgentConfig {
+	providers := make([]api.AgentNetworkAgentConfigProvider, 0, len(setup.Providers))
+	for _, p := range setup.Providers {
+		providers = append(providers, api.AgentNetworkAgentConfigProvider{
+			Name:             p.Name,
+			CatalogId:        p.CatalogID,
+			ApiFlavor:        p.APIFlavor,
+			AllModelsAllowed: p.AllModelsAllowed,
+			Models:           p.Models,
+		})
+	}
+	return api.AgentNetworkAgentConfig{
+		Configured: setup.Configured,
+		Endpoint:   setup.Endpoint,
+		Providers:  providers,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/budget_handler.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/budget_handler.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5630de17f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/budget_handler.go
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// addBudgetRuleEndpoints registers the account-level budget rule routes.
+func (h *handler) addBudgetRuleEndpoints(router *mux.Router) {
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/budget-rules", h.getAllBudgetRules).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/budget-rules", h.createBudgetRule).Methods("POST", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/budget-rules/{ruleId}", h.getBudgetRule).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/budget-rules/{ruleId}", h.updateBudgetRule).Methods("PUT", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/budget-rules/{ruleId}", h.deleteBudgetRule).Methods("DELETE", "OPTIONS")
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getAllBudgetRules(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	rules, err := h.manager.GetAllBudgetRules(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule, 0, len(rules))
+	for _, rule := range rules {
+		out = append(out, rule.ToAPIResponse())
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, out)
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getBudgetRule(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ruleID := mux.Vars(r)["ruleId"]
+	if ruleID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "budget rule ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	rule, err := h.manager.GetBudgetRule(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, ruleID)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, rule.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) createBudgetRule(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := validateBudgetRule(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	rule := types.NewAccountBudgetRule(userAuth.AccountId)
+	rule.FromAPIRequest(&req)
+
+	created, err := h.manager.CreateBudgetRule(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, rule)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, created.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) updateBudgetRule(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ruleID := mux.Vars(r)["ruleId"]
+	if ruleID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "budget rule ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := validateBudgetRule(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	rule := &types.AccountBudgetRule{ID: ruleID, AccountID: userAuth.AccountId}
+	rule.FromAPIRequest(&req)
+
+	updated, err := h.manager.UpdateBudgetRule(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, rule)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, updated.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) deleteBudgetRule(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ruleID := mux.Vars(r)["ruleId"]
+	if ruleID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "budget rule ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.manager.DeleteBudgetRule(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, ruleID); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, util.EmptyObject{})
+}
+
+// validateBudgetRule rejects malformed budget rules. It reuses the policy limit
+// validation since the cap shape is identical, and rejects empty target entries.
+func validateBudgetRule(req *api.AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(req.Name) == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "name is required")
+	}
+	if req.TargetGroups != nil {
+		for _, id := range *req.TargetGroups {
+			if strings.TrimSpace(id) == "" {
+				return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "target_groups must not contain empty entries")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if req.TargetUsers != nil {
+		for _, id := range *req.TargetUsers {
+			if strings.TrimSpace(id) == "" {
+				return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "target_users must not contain empty entries")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return validatePolicyLimits(req.Limits)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/budget_handler_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/budget_handler_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a7709461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/budget_handler_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestBudgetRuleHandler_RoundTrip seeds a budget rule via the store and asserts
+// the GET wire shape carries targets and the reused PolicyLimits cap shape. The
+// create/update/delete success paths go through accountManager.StoreEvent which
+// this fixture doesn't wire — they are covered by the manager-level no-mock
+// test (TestAgentNetwork_BudgetRuleCRUD_RealManager).
+func TestBudgetRuleHandler_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rule := &agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule{
+		ID:           "ainbud_test",
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		Name:         "org-monthly",
+		Enabled:      true,
+		TargetGroups: []string{"grp-eng"},
+		TargetUsers:  []string{"user-alice"},
+		Limits: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit:  agentNetworkTypes.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCap: 100000, UserCap: 10000, WindowSeconds: 2_592_000},
+			BudgetLimit: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyBudgetLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCapUsd: 500, WindowSeconds: 2_592_000},
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(context.Background(), rule))
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/budget-rules/"+rule.ID, "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "GET must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var got api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.Equal(t, "org-monthly", got.Name, "name must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng"}, got.TargetGroups, "target groups must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"user-alice"}, got.TargetUsers, "target users must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(100000), got.Limits.TokenLimit.GroupCap, "token group cap must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(2_592_000), got.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds, "budget window must round-trip")
+}
+
+// TestBudgetRuleHandler_ListReturnsArray asserts the list endpoint returns a
+// JSON array (never null) for an account with no rules.
+func TestBudgetRuleHandler_ListReturnsArray(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/budget-rules", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "GET must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "[]", trimSpace(rec.Body.String()), "empty account must return an empty array, not null")
+}
+
+// TestBudgetRuleHandler_RejectsMissingName covers the validation path (which
+// runs before the manager call, so it works without a wired accountManager).
+func TestBudgetRuleHandler_RejectsMissingName(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	body := `{
+        "name": "",
+        "limits": {
+            "token_limit": {"enabled": false, "group_cap": 0, "user_cap": 0, "window_seconds": 0},
+            "budget_limit": {"enabled": false, "group_cap_usd": 0, "user_cap_usd": 0, "window_seconds": 0}
+        }
+    }`
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/budget-rules", body)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, rec.Code,
+		"missing name must be rejected as a validation error (not a route/auth 4xx): got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "name",
+		"rejection body must name the offending field, proving the validation path: %s", rec.Body.String())
+}
+
+// TestBudgetRuleHandler_RejectsSubMinuteWindow proves budget rules reuse the
+// policy-limit validation (enabled limit needs window >= 60s).
+func TestBudgetRuleHandler_RejectsSubMinuteWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	body := `{
+        "name": "bad-window",
+        "limits": {
+            "token_limit": {"enabled": true, "group_cap": 1000, "user_cap": 0, "window_seconds": 30},
+            "budget_limit": {"enabled": false, "group_cap_usd": 0, "user_cap_usd": 0, "window_seconds": 0}
+        }
+    }`
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/budget-rules", body)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, rec.Code,
+		"sub-minute window must be rejected as a validation error (not a route/auth 4xx): got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "window_seconds",
+		"rejection body must name the offending window_seconds field, proving the validation path: %s", rec.Body.String())
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_GetExposesCollectionToggles asserts the GET settings wire
+// shape carries the account-level collection toggles after a store seed.
+func TestSettingsHandler_GetExposesCollectionToggles(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(context.Background(), &agentNetworkTypes.Settings{
+		AccountID:              testAccountID,
+		Domain:                 "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		ProxyAddress:           "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		EnableLogCollection:    true,
+		EnablePromptCollection: true,
+		RedactPii:              false,
+	}))
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "GET must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var got api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.True(t, got.EnableLogCollection, "log collection toggle must surface on the wire")
+	assert.True(t, got.EnablePromptCollection, "prompt collection toggle must surface on the wire")
+	assert.False(t, got.RedactPii, "redact toggle must surface its false value")
+	assert.Equal(t, "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io", got.Endpoint, "endpoint stays computed from immutable cluster+subdomain")
+}
+
+func trimSpace(s string) string {
+	for len(s) > 0 && (s[len(s)-1] == '\n' || s[len(s)-1] == ' ' || s[len(s)-1] == '\t' || s[len(s)-1] == '\r') {
+		s = s[:len(s)-1]
+	}
+	for len(s) > 0 && (s[0] == '\n' || s[0] == ' ' || s[0] == '\t' || s[0] == '\r') {
+		s = s[1:]
+	}
+	return s
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/consumption_handler.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/consumption_handler.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..654f23109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/consumption_handler.go
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+)
+
+// addConsumptionEndpoints registers the read-only Agent Network
+// consumption listing — backs the dashboard's basic counter view.
+func (h *handler) addConsumptionEndpoints(router *mux.Router) {
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/consumption", h.listConsumption).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+}
+
+func (h *handler) listConsumption(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	rows, err := h.manager.ListConsumption(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	out := make([]api.AgentNetworkConsumption, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		out = append(out, consumptionToAPI(row))
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, out)
+}
+
+func consumptionToAPI(c *types.Consumption) api.AgentNetworkConsumption {
+	windowStart := c.WindowStartUTC
+	updatedAt := c.UpdatedAt
+	return api.AgentNetworkConsumption{
+		DimensionKind:  api.AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKind(c.DimensionKind),
+		DimensionId:    c.DimensionID,
+		WindowSeconds:  c.WindowSeconds,
+		WindowStartUtc: windowStart,
+		TokensInput:    c.TokensInput,
+		TokensOutput:   c.TokensOutput,
+		CostUsd:        c.CostUSD,
+		UpdatedAt:      &updatedAt,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/guardrails_handler.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/guardrails_handler.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81f19b9f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/guardrails_handler.go
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// addGuardrailEndpoints registers all Agent Network guardrail routes.
+func (h *handler) addGuardrailEndpoints(router *mux.Router) {
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/guardrails", h.getAllGuardrails).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/guardrails", h.createGuardrail).Methods("POST", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/guardrails/{guardrailId}", h.getGuardrail).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/guardrails/{guardrailId}", h.updateGuardrail).Methods("PUT", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/guardrails/{guardrailId}", h.deleteGuardrail).Methods("DELETE", "OPTIONS")
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getAllGuardrails(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	guardrails, err := h.manager.GetAllGuardrails(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*api.AgentNetworkGuardrail, 0, len(guardrails))
+	for _, g := range guardrails {
+		out = append(out, g.ToAPIResponse())
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, out)
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getGuardrail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	guardrailID := mux.Vars(r)["guardrailId"]
+	if guardrailID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "guardrail ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	guardrail, err := h.manager.GetGuardrail(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, guardrailID)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, guardrail.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) createGuardrail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := validateGuardrail(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	guardrail := types.NewGuardrail(userAuth.AccountId)
+	guardrail.FromAPIRequest(&req)
+
+	created, err := h.manager.CreateGuardrail(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, guardrail)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, created.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) updateGuardrail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	guardrailID := mux.Vars(r)["guardrailId"]
+	if guardrailID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "guardrail ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := validateGuardrail(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	guardrail := &types.Guardrail{
+		ID:        guardrailID,
+		AccountID: userAuth.AccountId,
+	}
+	guardrail.FromAPIRequest(&req)
+
+	updated, err := h.manager.UpdateGuardrail(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, guardrail)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, updated.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) deleteGuardrail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	guardrailID := mux.Vars(r)["guardrailId"]
+	if guardrailID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "guardrail ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.manager.DeleteGuardrail(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, guardrailID); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, util.EmptyObject{})
+}
+
+func validateGuardrail(req *api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(req.Name) == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "name is required")
+	}
+
+	c := req.Checks
+	if c.ModelAllowlist.Enabled {
+		for _, id := range c.ModelAllowlist.Models {
+			if strings.TrimSpace(id) == "" {
+				return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "model_allowlist.models must not contain empty entries")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/handlers_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/handlers_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2665c9777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/handlers_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	nbtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+const (
+	testAccountID = "acc-1"
+	testUserID    = "user-bob"
+)
+
+// agentNetworkHandlerFixture builds a real agentnetwork.Manager with
+// a sqlite store and an always-allow permissions mock, then exposes
+// the HTTP handlers via a gorilla router. Tests issue requests
+// through httptest and assert on the wire shape — the same path the
+// dashboard exercises.
+type agentNetworkHandlerFixture struct {
+	store   store.Store
+	manager agentnetwork.Manager
+	router  *mux.Router
+}
+
+func newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t *testing.T) *agentNetworkHandlerFixture {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("sqlite store not properly supported on Windows yet")
+	}
+	t.Setenv("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE", string(nbtypes.SqliteStoreEngine))
+
+	st, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	perms := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	// Always-allow: the handler tests are about wire shape, not
+	// authz. Authz is covered by the manager's own tests.
+	perms.EXPECT().
+		ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(true, context.Background(), nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	// Swallow activity events so the mutation paths (create/update/delete)
+	// are exercisable through the HTTP layer.
+	accounts := account.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	accounts.EXPECT().
+		StoreEvent(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		AnyTimes()
+	accounts.EXPECT().
+		UpdateAccountPeers(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	manager := agentnetwork.NewManager(st, perms, accounts, nil)
+	h := &handler{manager: manager}
+
+	router := mux.NewRouter()
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/providers", h.createProvider).Methods("POST")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/providers/{providerId}", h.getProvider).Methods("GET")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/providers/{providerId}", h.updateProvider).Methods("PUT")
+	h.addPolicyEndpoints(router)
+	h.addConsumptionEndpoints(router)
+	h.addBudgetRuleEndpoints(router)
+	h.addSettingsEndpoints(router)
+
+	return &agentNetworkHandlerFixture{
+		store:   st,
+		manager: manager,
+		router:  router,
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *agentNetworkHandlerFixture) do(t *testing.T, method, path, body string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	t.Helper()
+	var reader io.Reader
+	if body != "" {
+		reader = strings.NewReader(body)
+	}
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(method, path, reader)
+	if body != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	}
+	req = nbcontext.SetUserAuthInRequest(req, auth.UserAuth{
+		UserId:    testUserID,
+		AccountId: testAccountID,
+	})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	f.router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	return rec
+}
+
+// seedProvider persists a minimal provider record so policy create
+// passes the manager's destination_provider_ids existence check.
+func (f *agentNetworkHandlerFixture) seedProvider(t *testing.T, id string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(context.Background(), &agentNetworkTypes.Provider{
+		ID:                id,
+		AccountID:         testAccountID,
+		ProviderID:        "openai_api",
+		Name:              "test-" + id,
+		UpstreamURL:       "https://api.openai.com",
+		APIKey:            "sk-test",
+		Enabled:           true,
+		SessionPrivateKey: "test-priv-key",
+		SessionPublicKey:  "test-pub-key",
+	}))
+}
+
+// TestPolicyHandler_WindowSecondsRoundTrip ports bash 10 to Go:
+// assert that a policy with window_seconds on both Token + Budget
+// halves round-trips through GET unchanged AND that legacy
+// window_hours / window_days are absent from the JSON response. We
+// seed the policy directly via the store rather than POST-ing
+// because the create path goes through the manager's
+// accountManager.StoreEvent which we don't wire in this fixture; the
+// on-wire shape is what matters here, and the POST validation path
+// is covered separately by the RejectsSubMinuteWindow test.
+func TestPolicyHandler_WindowSecondsRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	policy := &agentNetworkTypes.Policy{
+		ID:                     "ainpol_test",
+		AccountID:              testAccountID,
+		Name:                   "round-trip",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{"prov-1"},
+		Limits: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit:  agentNetworkTypes.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCap: 10000, UserCap: 5000, WindowSeconds: 86_400},
+			BudgetLimit: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyBudgetLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCapUsd: 10.0, UserCapUsd: 2.5, WindowSeconds: 2_592_000},
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(context.Background(), policy))
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/policies/"+policy.ID, "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "GET must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var got api.AgentNetworkPolicy
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(86_400), got.Limits.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds, "token_limit.window_seconds must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(2_592_000), got.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds, "budget_limit.window_seconds must round-trip")
+
+	// Legacy field names must NOT appear in the response — would
+	// signal that the management server is still emitting the old
+	// shape and would fool a v1 dashboard into rendering days/hours.
+	assert.NotContains(t, rec.Body.String(), "window_hours",
+		"legacy window_hours field must be absent from the on-wire response")
+	assert.NotContains(t, rec.Body.String(), "window_days",
+		"legacy window_days field must be absent from the on-wire response")
+}
+
+// TestPolicyHandler_RejectsSubMinuteWindow ports bash 20 to Go: an
+// enabled limit with window_seconds < 60 must surface as a 4xx
+// because anything finer than per-minute produces an untenable
+// volume of consumption rows for a feature whose value comes from
+// per-window cap enforcement.
+func TestPolicyHandler_RejectsSubMinuteWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+	f.seedProvider(t, "prov-1")
+
+	body := `{
+        "name": "sub-minute-window",
+        "enabled": true,
+        "source_groups": ["grp-engineers"],
+        "destination_provider_ids": ["prov-1"],
+        "guardrail_ids": [],
+        "limits": {
+            "token_limit": {"enabled": true, "group_cap": 10000, "user_cap": 5000, "window_seconds": 30},
+            "budget_limit": {"enabled": false, "group_cap_usd": 0, "user_cap_usd": 0, "window_seconds": 0}
+        }
+    }`
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/policies", body)
+	// 422 specifically (InvalidArgument) proves the window-validation path —
+	// a route miss would be 404 and an auth failure 403, so a generic 4xx
+	// would let those false-pass.
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, rec.Code,
+		"enabled token_limit with window_seconds<60 must be rejected as a validation error: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "window_seconds",
+		"rejection body must name the offending window_seconds field, proving it's the validation path: %s", rec.Body.String())
+}
+
+// TestConsumptionHandler_EmptyAccountReturnsArray ports bash 30 to
+// Go: GET /agent-network/consumption on a clean account always
+// returns a JSON array (possibly empty), never a 404 / 500. The
+// dashboard depends on this shape to render its empty state.
+func TestConsumptionHandler_EmptyAccountReturnsArray(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/consumption", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+
+	var rows []api.AgentNetworkConsumption
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &rows),
+		"response must always be a JSON array — even when empty: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	assert.Empty(t, rows)
+}
+
+// TestConsumptionHandler_PopulatedAccountListsRows mirrors the
+// /consumption read after a few RecordConsumption calls. Validates
+// the wire shape carries every field the dashboard reads (dim_kind,
+// dim_id, window_seconds, window_start_utc, tokens, cost_usd) and
+// rows are ordered window-newest-first.
+func TestConsumptionHandler_PopulatedAccountListsRows(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	require.NoError(t, f.manager.RecordConsumption(
+		context.Background(), testAccountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.DimensionGroup, "grp-engineers",
+		86_400, 100, 50, 0.0125,
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, f.manager.RecordConsumption(
+		context.Background(), testAccountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.DimensionUser, testUserID,
+		86_400, 100, 50, 0.0125,
+	))
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/consumption", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+
+	var rows []api.AgentNetworkConsumption
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &rows))
+	require.Len(t, rows, 2, "two RecordConsumption calls must yield two rows")
+
+	// Index by dim_kind so we can assert the full wire shape of each row,
+	// including the dimension id and the aligned window start the dashboard
+	// keys on. Both rows share totals and window.
+	byKind := make(map[string]api.AgentNetworkConsumption, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(100), row.TokensInput)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(50), row.TokensOutput)
+		assert.InDelta(t, 0.0125, row.CostUsd, 1e-9)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(86_400), row.WindowSeconds)
+		assert.False(t, row.WindowStartUtc.IsZero(), "window_start_utc must be set on every row")
+		byKind[string(row.DimensionKind)] = row
+	}
+
+	groupRow, ok := byKind["group"]
+	require.True(t, ok, "group dimension must surface")
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-engineers", groupRow.DimensionId, "group row must carry the source group id as dimension_id")
+
+	userRow, ok := byKind["user"]
+	require.True(t, ok, "user dimension must surface")
+	assert.Equal(t, testUserID, userRow.DimensionId, "user row must carry the user id as dimension_id")
+
+	// Both rows fall in the same aligned window (same length, recorded
+	// together), so window_start_utc must match across them.
+	assert.Equal(t, groupRow.WindowStartUtc, userRow.WindowStartUtc,
+		"rows recorded in the same window must share the aligned window_start_utc")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/model_discovery_handler_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/model_discovery_handler_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..389c2ae50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/model_discovery_handler_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// discoveryManagerStub records what the handler asked for and returns a canned
+// answer. The Manager interface is embedded rather than implemented: only the
+// one method is reachable from this handler, and a call to any other should
+// fail loudly rather than silently return a zero value.
+type discoveryManagerStub struct {
+	agentnetwork.Manager
+
+	gotReq      modeldiscovery.Request
+	gotRecordID string
+	models      []modeldiscovery.Model
+	err         error
+}
+
+func (s *discoveryManagerStub) DiscoverProviderModels(
+	_ context.Context, _, _ string, req modeldiscovery.Request, recordID string,
+) ([]modeldiscovery.Model, error) {
+	s.gotReq = req
+	s.gotRecordID = recordID
+	return s.models, s.err
+}
+
+// postDiscovery drives the handler with an authenticated request.
+func postDiscovery(t *testing.T, stub *discoveryManagerStub, body string) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	t.Helper()
+	h := &handler{manager: stub}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/catalog/providers/models", strings.NewReader(body))
+	req = req.WithContext(nbcontext.SetUserAuthInContext(req.Context(), auth.UserAuth{
+		AccountId: "acc-1",
+		UserId:    "user-1",
+	}))
+
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	h.discoverProviderModels(rec, req)
+	return rec
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverModelsReturnsTheVendorList(t *testing.T) {
+	stub := &discoveryManagerStub{models: []modeldiscovery.Model{
+		{ID: "eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0", Label: "EU Claude Haiku 4.5", PricingKnown: true},
+		{ID: "global.cohere.embed-v4:0", Label: "Global Cohere Embed v4"},
+		// A vendor that supplies no display name at all. Bedrock does for
+		// every profile, but the OpenAI listing carries none.
+		{ID: "gpt-4o-mini", PricingKnown: true},
+	}}
+
+	rec := postDiscovery(t, stub, `{
+		"catalog_provider_id":"bedrock_api",
+		"upstream_url":"https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		"api_key":"aws-bearer"
+	}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "body: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var out api.AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryResponse
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &out))
+	require.Len(t, out.Models, 3)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0", out.Models[0].Id)
+	assert.True(t, out.Models[0].PricingKnown)
+	// An unpriced model must say so rather than arriving indistinguishable
+	// from a priced one: registering it silently would meter at zero.
+	assert.False(t, out.Models[1].PricingKnown)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Models[0].Label, "the vendor supplied a display name")
+	assert.Equal(t, "EU Claude Haiku 4.5", *out.Models[0].Label)
+	// A vendor that supplies no name must omit the key rather than send an
+	// empty string: the dashboard falls back to the id on absence, and would
+	// render a blank row for "".
+	assert.Nil(t, out.Models[2].Label, "an absent label must not serialize")
+	assert.NotContains(t, rec.Body.String(), `"label":""`)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "bedrock_api", stub.gotReq.CatalogID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "aws-bearer", stub.gotReq.APIKey)
+	// The upstream is what the region is read back out of for Bedrock, so
+	// losing it here would break discovery for every regional provider.
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com", stub.gotReq.UpstreamURL)
+	assert.Empty(t, stub.gotRecordID)
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverModelsUsesAStoredRecordWithoutAKey(t *testing.T) {
+	stub := &discoveryManagerStub{}
+
+	rec := postDiscovery(t, stub, `{"catalog_provider_id":"openai_api","provider_id":"prov-42"}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "body: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	// The dashboard refreshes a saved provider's list without ever holding
+	// the credential, so the record id has to reach the manager.
+	assert.Equal(t, "prov-42", stub.gotRecordID)
+	assert.Empty(t, stub.gotReq.APIKey)
+}
+
+// TestDiscoverModelsRefusesMixedCredentials covers the case where a caller
+// names a saved provider AND supplies a key. Accepting it would run an
+// arbitrary credential under the identity of a record the caller may only be
+// permitted to read.
+func TestDiscoverModelsRefusesMixedCredentials(t *testing.T) {
+	stub := &discoveryManagerStub{}
+
+	rec := postDiscovery(t, stub, `{
+		"catalog_provider_id":"openai_api",
+		"provider_id":"prov-42",
+		"api_key":"sk-attacker"
+	}`)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rec.Code)
+	assert.Empty(t, stub.gotRecordID, "the request must be refused before it reaches the manager")
+}
+
+// TestDiscoverModelsReportsNoDiscoveryDistinctly matters because the caller
+// falls back to the catalog's own model list on this outcome. Collapsing it
+// into a generic 500 would turn "this provider has no listing endpoint" into
+// "something went wrong", and the form would show an error instead of a list.
+func TestDiscoverModelsReportsNoDiscoveryDistinctly(t *testing.T) {
+	stub := &discoveryManagerStub{err: modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscovery}
+
+	rec := postDiscovery(t, stub, `{"catalog_provider_id":"litellm_proxy","upstream_url":"https://gw.example.com","api_key":"sk"}`)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, rec.Code)
+}
+
+// TestDiscoverModelsTrimsTheCatalogID pins that the id the emptiness check
+// accepts is the id the manager receives. A padded value that clears the check
+// but reaches the catalog untrimmed misses the lookup, and the operator is told
+// their provider does not exist.
+func TestDiscoverModelsTrimsTheCatalogID(t *testing.T) {
+	stub := &discoveryManagerStub{}
+
+	rec := postDiscovery(t, stub, `{"catalog_provider_id":"  openai_api  ","api_key":"sk"}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "body: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai_api", stub.gotReq.CatalogID)
+}
+
+// TestDiscoverModelsReportsCallerInputAsBadRequest covers the other half of the
+// error mapping. These failures are all reachable from a well-formed request
+// with a bad field value, so answering 500 both misinforms the operator and
+// puts their typo into the server's error rate.
+func TestDiscoverModelsReportsCallerInputAsBadRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	stub := &discoveryManagerStub{
+		err: fmt.Errorf("%w: unknown catalog provider %q", modeldiscovery.ErrInvalidRequest, "nope"),
+	}
+
+	rec := postDiscovery(t, stub, `{"catalog_provider_id":"nope","api_key":"sk"}`)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rec.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "unknown catalog provider")
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverModelsRejectsMalformedRequests(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, body := range map[string]string{
+		"not json":               `{`,
+		"no catalog provider":    `{"api_key":"sk"}`,
+		"blank catalog provider": `{"catalog_provider_id":"   ","api_key":"sk"}`,
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			stub := &discoveryManagerStub{}
+			rec := postDiscovery(t, stub, body)
+			assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rec.Code)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/policies_handler.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/policies_handler.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b821a5295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/policies_handler.go
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// minWindowSeconds is the floor enforced on enabled token / budget
+// limit windows. One minute is short enough for fine-grained burst
+// control without producing untenable consumption-row volume at scale.
+const minWindowSeconds int64 = 60
+
+// addPolicyEndpoints registers all Agent Network policy routes on the
+// shared handler.
+func (h *handler) addPolicyEndpoints(router *mux.Router) {
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/policies", h.getAllPolicies).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/policies", h.createPolicy).Methods("POST", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/policies/{policyId}", h.getPolicy).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/policies/{policyId}", h.updatePolicy).Methods("PUT", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/policies/{policyId}", h.deletePolicy).Methods("DELETE", "OPTIONS")
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getAllPolicies(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	policies, err := h.manager.GetAllPolicies(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*api.AgentNetworkPolicy, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		out = append(out, p.ToAPIResponse())
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, out)
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getPolicy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	policyID := mux.Vars(r)["policyId"]
+	if policyID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "policy ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	policy, err := h.manager.GetPolicy(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, policyID)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, policy.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) createPolicy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := validatePolicy(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	policy := types.NewPolicy(userAuth.AccountId)
+	policy.FromAPIRequest(&req)
+
+	created, err := h.manager.CreatePolicy(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, policy)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, created.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) updatePolicy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	policyID := mux.Vars(r)["policyId"]
+	if policyID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "policy ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := validatePolicy(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	policy := &types.Policy{
+		ID:        policyID,
+		AccountID: userAuth.AccountId,
+	}
+	policy.FromAPIRequest(&req)
+
+	updated, err := h.manager.UpdatePolicy(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, policy)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, updated.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) deletePolicy(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	policyID := mux.Vars(r)["policyId"]
+	if policyID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "policy ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.manager.DeletePolicy(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, policyID); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, util.EmptyObject{})
+}
+
+func validatePolicy(req *api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(req.Name) == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "name is required")
+	}
+	if len(req.SourceGroups) == 0 {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "source_groups must contain at least one group id")
+	}
+	for _, id := range req.SourceGroups {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(id) == "" {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "source_groups must not contain empty entries")
+		}
+	}
+	if len(req.DestinationProviderIds) == 0 {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "destination_provider_ids must contain at least one provider id")
+	}
+	for _, id := range req.DestinationProviderIds {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(id) == "" {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "destination_provider_ids must not contain empty entries")
+		}
+	}
+	if req.GuardrailIds != nil {
+		for _, id := range *req.GuardrailIds {
+			if strings.TrimSpace(id) == "" {
+				return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "guardrail_ids must not contain empty entries")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if req.Limits != nil {
+		if err := validatePolicyLimits(*req.Limits); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validatePolicyLimits(l api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits) error {
+	if l.TokenLimit.Enabled {
+		if l.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds < minWindowSeconds {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "limits.token_limit.window_seconds must be at least %d (one minute) when enabled", minWindowSeconds)
+		}
+		if l.TokenLimit.GroupCap < 0 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "limits.token_limit.group_cap must not be negative")
+		}
+		if l.TokenLimit.UserCap < 0 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "limits.token_limit.user_cap must not be negative")
+		}
+		if l.TokenLimit.GroupCap == 0 && l.TokenLimit.UserCap == 0 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "limits.token_limit requires group_cap or user_cap to be greater than zero when enabled")
+		}
+	}
+	if l.BudgetLimit.Enabled {
+		if l.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds < minWindowSeconds {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "limits.budget_limit.window_seconds must be at least %d (one minute) when enabled", minWindowSeconds)
+		}
+		if l.BudgetLimit.GroupCapUsd < 0 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "limits.budget_limit.group_cap_usd must not be negative")
+		}
+		if l.BudgetLimit.UserCapUsd < 0 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "limits.budget_limit.user_cap_usd must not be negative")
+		}
+		if l.BudgetLimit.GroupCapUsd == 0 && l.BudgetLimit.UserCapUsd == 0 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "limits.budget_limit requires group_cap_usd or user_cap_usd to be greater than zero when enabled")
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/providers_handler.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/providers_handler.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81a6d6eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/providers_handler.go
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+// Package handlers serves the Agent Network HTTP API.
+//
+// All persistence is delegated to agentnetwork.Manager so this layer only
+// translates between the wire format (api.AgentNetworkProvider*) and the
+// domain types.
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"math"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+type handler struct {
+	manager agentnetwork.Manager
+}
+
+// RegisterEndpoints registers all Agent Network routes.
+func RegisterEndpoints(manager agentnetwork.Manager, router *mux.Router) {
+	h := &handler{manager: manager}
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/catalog/providers", h.getCatalogProviders).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/catalog/providers/models", h.discoverProviderModels).Methods("POST", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/providers", h.getAllProviders).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/providers", h.createProvider).Methods("POST", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/providers/{providerId}", h.getProvider).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/providers/{providerId}", h.updateProvider).Methods("PUT", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/providers/{providerId}", h.deleteProvider).Methods("DELETE", "OPTIONS")
+	h.addPolicyEndpoints(router)
+	h.addGuardrailEndpoints(router)
+	h.addSettingsEndpoints(router)
+	h.addConsumptionEndpoints(router)
+	h.addAccessLogEndpoints(router)
+	h.addBudgetRuleEndpoints(router)
+	h.addAgentConfigEndpoints(router)
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getCatalogProviders(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if _, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context()); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	entries := catalog.All()
+	out := make([]api.AgentNetworkCatalogProvider, 0, len(entries))
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		resp := e.ToAPIResponse()
+		applyDefaultPricing(e, &resp)
+		out = append(out, resp)
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, out)
+}
+
+// discoverProviderModels asks the vendor which models the operator's own
+// credential can reach, so the provider form can offer a live list rather than
+// only the static catalog.
+func (h *handler) discoverProviderModels(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var body api.AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&body); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("invalid json", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+	// Trimmed once and carried, not trimmed for the emptiness test and then
+	// discarded: a padded " openai_api " would clear the check here and miss
+	// the catalog lookup, reporting the provider as unknown.
+	catalogID := strings.TrimSpace(body.CatalogProviderId)
+	if catalogID == "" {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("catalog_provider_id is required", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	recordID := strValue(body.ProviderId)
+	req := modeldiscovery.Request{
+		CatalogID:   catalogID,
+		UpstreamURL: strValue(body.UpstreamUrl),
+		APIKey:      strValue(body.ApiKey),
+	}
+	// One source of credential or the other, never a mix: taking a key from
+	// the request while addressing a saved record would let a caller run an
+	// arbitrary credential against a provider they can only read.
+	if recordID != "" && req.APIKey != "" {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("provide either provider_id or api_key, not both", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	models, err := h.manager.DiscoverProviderModels(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, req, recordID)
+	if err != nil {
+		// A provider with no listing endpoint is a fact about the catalog
+		// entry, not a failure: the caller falls back to the catalog's own
+		// models, so it must be able to tell the two apart.
+		if errors.Is(err, modeldiscovery.ErrNoDiscovery) {
+			util.WriteErrorResponse(err.Error(), http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, w)
+			return
+		}
+		// An unknown provider, an unusable upstream, a missing region or a
+		// missing key are all things the caller sent, reachable from a
+		// well-formed request. Reporting them as 500 tells the operator the
+		// server broke and buries genuine faults in the error rate.
+		if errors.Is(err, modeldiscovery.ErrInvalidRequest) {
+			util.WriteErrorResponse(err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+			return
+		}
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	out := api.AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryResponse{Models: make([]api.AgentNetworkDiscoveredModel, 0, len(models))}
+	for _, m := range models {
+		entry := api.AgentNetworkDiscoveredModel{
+			Id:           m.ID,
+			PricingKnown: m.PricingKnown,
+			// Sent even when zero: the form prefills every discovered model as
+			// an editable row, and an unpriced one is shown at zero and flagged
+			// rather than left out.
+			InputPer1k:  m.InputPer1k,
+			OutputPer1k: m.OutputPer1k,
+			// Cache rates stay absent when unset, matching the catalog
+			// response — a zero would read as "free", not "not applicable".
+			CachedInputPer1k:   positiveRatePtr(m.CachedInputPer1k),
+			CacheReadPer1k:     positiveRatePtr(m.CacheReadPer1k),
+			CacheCreationPer1k: positiveRatePtr(m.CacheCreationPer1k),
+		}
+		if m.Label != "" {
+			label := m.Label
+			entry.Label = &label
+		}
+		out.Models = append(out.Models, entry)
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, out)
+}
+
+// strValue reads an optional string field, treating absent as empty.
+func strValue(v *string) string {
+	if v == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(*v)
+}
+
+// applyDefaultPricing overwrites the catalog response's model rates with
+// the LIVE default pricing table, which may differ from the compiled-in
+// catalog rates when the operator provides a defaults_llm_pricing.yaml.
+// This keeps the dashboard's model-row prefill identical to what the
+// proxy will actually bill — the same table the synthesizer ships.
+func applyDefaultPricing(cp catalog.Provider, resp *api.AgentNetworkCatalogProvider) {
+	if len(cp.PricingSurfaces) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	for i := range resp.Models {
+		m := &resp.Models[i]
+		e, ok := pricing.LookupDefault(cp.PricingSurfaces, m.Id)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		m.InputPer1k = e.InputPer1k
+		m.OutputPer1k = e.OutputPer1k
+		m.CachedInputPer1k = positiveRatePtr(e.CachedInputPer1k)
+		m.CacheReadPer1k = positiveRatePtr(e.CacheReadPer1k)
+		m.CacheCreationPer1k = positiveRatePtr(e.CacheCreationPer1k)
+	}
+}
+
+// positiveRatePtr renders a cache rate for the API: absent (nil) when
+// unset, matching the catalog response convention.
+func positiveRatePtr(v float64) *float64 {
+	if v <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &v
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getAllProviders(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	providers, err := h.manager.GetAllProviders(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*api.AgentNetworkProvider, 0, len(providers))
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		out = append(out, p.ToAPIResponse())
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, out)
+}
+
+func (h *handler) getProvider(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	providerID := mux.Vars(r)["providerId"]
+	if providerID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "provider ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	provider, err := h.manager.GetProvider(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, providerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, provider.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) createProvider(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := validate(&req, true); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	provider := types.NewProvider(userAuth.AccountId)
+	provider.FromAPIRequest(&req)
+
+	created, err := h.manager.CreateProvider(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, provider)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, created.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) updateProvider(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	providerID := mux.Vars(r)["providerId"]
+	if providerID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "provider ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := validate(&req, false); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	provider := &types.Provider{
+		ID:        providerID,
+		AccountID: userAuth.AccountId,
+	}
+	provider.FromAPIRequest(&req)
+
+	updated, err := h.manager.UpdateProvider(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, provider)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, updated.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+func (h *handler) deleteProvider(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	providerID := mux.Vars(r)["providerId"]
+	if providerID == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "provider ID is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.manager.DeleteProvider(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, providerID); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, util.EmptyObject{})
+}
+
+func validate(req *api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest, requireAPIKey bool) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(req.ProviderId) == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "provider_id is required")
+	}
+	if !catalog.IsKnown(req.ProviderId) {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "provider_id %q is not a known catalog provider", req.ProviderId)
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(req.Name) == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "name is required")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(req.UpstreamUrl) == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "upstream_url is required")
+	}
+	u, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(req.UpstreamUrl))
+	if err != nil || u.Host == "" || (u.Scheme != "http" && u.Scheme != "https") {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "upstream_url must be a full http(s) URL")
+	}
+	if requireAPIKey && (req.ApiKey == nil || strings.TrimSpace(*req.ApiKey) == "") {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "api_key is required")
+	}
+	// An update omits api_key to keep the stored credential. A key that is
+	// present but blank is not that: Provider.FromAPIRequest drops it exactly
+	// as if it were absent, so a rotation the operator believes they performed
+	// would answer 200 having changed nothing. Refuse it here, where the
+	// request still carries the difference between absent and blank.
+	if req.ApiKey != nil && strings.TrimSpace(*req.ApiKey) == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "api_key must be omitted to keep the stored credential rather than sent blank")
+	}
+	if req.Models != nil {
+		for i, m := range *req.Models {
+			if err := validateModel(i, m); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// validateModel is the single ingress guard for operator-entered pricing:
+// these rates are synthesized into the proxy's cost_meter config verbatim,
+// and a negative or non-finite rate there would poison every cost the
+// proxy records, so reject at the API boundary.
+func validateModel(i int, m api.AgentNetworkProviderModel) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(m.Id) == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "models[%d]: id is required", i)
+	}
+	rates := map[string]*float64{
+		"input_per_1k":          &m.InputPer1k,
+		"output_per_1k":         &m.OutputPer1k,
+		"cached_input_per_1k":   m.CachedInputPer1k,
+		"cache_read_per_1k":     m.CacheReadPer1k,
+		"cache_creation_per_1k": m.CacheCreationPer1k,
+	}
+	for field, v := range rates {
+		if v == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if *v < 0 || math.IsNaN(*v) || math.IsInf(*v, 0) {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "models[%d] (%s): %s must be a finite, non-negative USD rate", i, m.Id, field)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/providers_handler_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/providers_handler_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..033de3b8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/providers_handler_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"math"
+	nethttp "net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+func f(v float64) *float64 { return &v }
+
+// TestValidate_ModelRates guards the single ingress point for operator-entered
+// pricing. These rates flow verbatim into the proxy's cost_meter config at
+// synthesis time; the proxy treats a bad rate as a chain-build failure, so
+// rejecting here is what keeps an account's gateway from going down.
+func TestValidate_ModelRates(t *testing.T) {
+	base := func(models ...api.AgentNetworkProviderModel) *api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest {
+		key := "sk-test"
+		return &api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+			ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+			Name:        "OpenAI",
+			UpstreamUrl: "https://api.openai.com",
+			ApiKey:      &key,
+			Models:      &models,
+		}
+	}
+
+	valid := api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+		Id: "gpt-4o", InputPer1k: 0.0025, OutputPer1k: 0.01,
+		CachedInputPer1k: f(0.00125),
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, validate(base(valid), true), "finite non-negative rates must pass")
+
+	zeroRates := api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{Id: "self-hosted-llama", InputPer1k: 0, OutputPer1k: 0}
+	require.NoError(t, validate(base(zeroRates), true), "explicit zero prices are allowed (free / self-hosted models)")
+
+	cases := map[string]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+		"empty id":           {Id: "  ", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002},
+		"negative input":     {Id: "m", InputPer1k: -0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002},
+		"negative output":    {Id: "m", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: -0.002},
+		"NaN input":          {Id: "m", InputPer1k: math.NaN(), OutputPer1k: 0.002},
+		"Inf output":         {Id: "m", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: math.Inf(1)},
+		"negative cached":    {Id: "m", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002, CachedInputPer1k: f(-1)},
+		"NaN cache read":     {Id: "m", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002, CacheReadPer1k: f(math.NaN())},
+		"Inf cache creation": {Id: "m", InputPer1k: 0.001, OutputPer1k: 0.002, CacheCreationPer1k: f(math.Inf(-1))},
+	}
+	for name, m := range cases {
+		assert.Error(t, validate(base(m), true), "case %q must be rejected", name)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestValidate_ABlankApiKeyIsNotTheSameAsAnOmittedOne covers the one shape the
+// manager's own guard cannot see. Provider.FromAPIRequest assigns the key only
+// when it trims to something, so a request carrying "   " arrives at
+// UpdateProvider indistinguishable from one that omitted it — the stored
+// credential is kept and the write answers 200, telling an operator who thinks
+// they just rotated a key that it worked.
+//
+// The request still knows the difference, so the refusal belongs here.
+func TestValidate_ABlankApiKeyIsNotTheSameAsAnOmittedOne(t *testing.T) {
+	req := func(key *string) *api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest {
+		return &api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+			ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+			Name:        "OpenAI",
+			UpstreamUrl: "https://api.openai.com",
+			ApiKey:      key,
+		}
+	}
+
+	blank := "   "
+	err := validate(req(&blank), false)
+	require.Error(t, err, "a blank api_key on update must not be read as 'keep what is stored'")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "api_key")
+
+	require.NoError(t, validate(req(nil), false), "an omitted api_key is how an update keeps the stored credential")
+
+	// Create already refuses this, and keeps its own message: a caller who sent
+	// no usable key is told the field is required rather than being told how to
+	// preserve a credential that does not exist yet.
+	err = validate(req(&blank), true)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "api_key is required")
+}
+
+// TestProviderHandler_UpdateReplacesFullState pins the update contract shared
+// with the other PUT endpoints: the request replaces the provider's mutable
+// state, so optional fields absent from the JSON land as their zero values.
+// The two exceptions are server-side: the api_key (a secret — omitted means
+// "not rotated") and the session keypair, both preserved by the manager. The
+// identity headers stay on the wire as explicit empty strings so a cleared
+// value round-trips.
+func TestProviderHandler_UpdateReplacesFullState(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	// A private upstream: the save-time credential check leaves it unchecked
+	// rather than spending "sk-test" against the real api.openai.com, which
+	// the vendor refuses.
+	create := `{
+        "provider_id": "openai_api",
+        "name": "openai",
+        "upstream_url": "https://10.255.255.1",
+        "api_key": "sk-test",
+        "enabled": true,
+        "metadata_disabled": true,
+        "skip_tls_verification": true,
+        "extra_values": {"x-portkey-config": "pc-prod-3f2a"},
+        "identity_header_user_id": "x-bf-dim-netbird_user_id",
+        "models": [{"id": "gpt-4o", "input_per_1k": 0.0025, "output_per_1k": 0.01}]
+    }`
+	rec := f.do(t, nethttp.MethodPost, "/agent-network/providers", create)
+	require.Equal(t, nethttp.StatusOK, rec.Code, "create must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var created api.AgentNetworkProvider
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &created))
+
+	// Minimal update: only the required fields, no api_key. Everything
+	// optional must land as its zero value.
+	update := `{"provider_id": "openai_api", "name": "openai-renamed", "upstream_url": "https://10.255.255.1", "enabled": true}`
+	rec = f.do(t, nethttp.MethodPut, "/agent-network/providers/"+created.Id, update)
+	require.Equal(t, nethttp.StatusOK, rec.Code, "update without api_key must succeed (key is preserved): %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var updated api.AgentNetworkProvider
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &updated))
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai-renamed", updated.Name, "sent field must apply")
+	assert.True(t, updated.Enabled, "sent field must apply")
+	assert.False(t, updated.MetadataDisabled, "omitted metadata_disabled must land as false — PUT replaces the full state")
+	assert.False(t, updated.SkipTlsVerification, "omitted skip_tls_verification must land as false")
+	assert.Nil(t, updated.ExtraValues, "omitted extra_values must be cleared")
+	assert.Equal(t, "", updated.IdentityHeaderUserId, "omitted identity header must be cleared yet stay on the wire")
+	assert.Empty(t, updated.Models, "omitted models must be cleared")
+	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), `"identity_header_user_id":""`,
+		"cleared identity header must round-trip as an explicit empty string")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/settings_handler.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/settings_handler.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a365f9ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/settings_handler.go
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+)
+
+// addSettingsEndpoints registers the Agent Network settings routes. POST
+// bootstraps the settings row, assigning the account's immutable endpoint;
+// GET reads it (defaults with an empty endpoint before bootstrap); PUT
+// carries every field, replacing the mutable collection toggles and rejecting
+// any change to the identity fields; DELETE removes the row — guarded so it
+// stays a bootstrap-repair operation — releasing the endpoint for a fresh
+// bootstrap.
+func (h *handler) addSettingsEndpoints(router *mux.Router) {
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/settings", h.getSettings).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/settings", h.createSettings).Methods("POST", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/settings", h.updateSettings).Methods("PUT", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/agent-network/settings", h.deleteSettings).Methods("DELETE", "OPTIONS")
+}
+
+// createSettings bootstraps the account's settings row. Exactly one of
+// proxy_address (labeled endpoint; the server allocates the label) and
+// endpoint (self-addressed, claimed verbatim) must be provided; optional
+// collection toggles ride along with defaults for omitted fields.
+func (h *handler) createSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	settings := types.DefaultSettings(userAuth.AccountId)
+	settings.FromAPICreateRequest(&req)
+
+	proxyAddress := ""
+	if req.ProxyAddress != nil {
+		proxyAddress = *req.ProxyAddress
+	}
+	endpoint := ""
+	if req.Endpoint != nil {
+		endpoint = *req.Endpoint
+	}
+
+	created, err := h.manager.CreateSettings(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, settings, proxyAddress, endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, created.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+// updateSettings replaces the mutable settings fields on the account's row.
+// A request carrying a cluster bootstraps the row when the account doesn't
+// have one yet.
+func (h *handler) updateSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.AgentNetworkSettingsRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	settings := &types.Settings{AccountID: userAuth.AccountId}
+	settings.FromAPIRequest(&req)
+
+	updated, err := h.manager.UpdateSettings(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, updated.ToAPIResponse())
+}
+
+// deleteSettings removes the account's settings row, releasing the endpoint.
+// The manager refuses (412) while providers exist or a proxy is actively
+// serving the endpoint; a later POST bootstraps fresh, allocating a new
+// endpoint.
+func (h *handler) deleteSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.manager.DeleteSettings(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, util.EmptyObject{})
+}
+
+// getSettings returns the account's agent-network settings. Accounts that
+// haven't been bootstrapped yet read as the defaults with an empty cluster,
+// subdomain and endpoint; the manager synthesises that view.
+func (h *handler) getSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	settings, err := h.manager.GetSettings(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, settings.ToAPIResponse())
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/settings_handler_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/settings_handler_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..400208e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers/settings_handler_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_GetUnbootstrappedReturnsDefaults pins the settings-read
+// convention shared with the account and DNS settings endpoints: settings
+// always read as a JSON object. Before bootstrap that object carries the
+// defaults with an empty endpoint/proxy_address (the "not bootstrapped"
+// signal) and no timestamps — never a 404 and never the legacy null body.
+func TestSettingsHandler_GetUnbootstrappedReturnsDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code,
+		"unbootstrapped account must read as 200 with defaults: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	require.NotEqual(t, "null", trimSpace(rec.Body.String()),
+		"the legacy 200+null shape must not come back")
+
+	var got api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.Empty(t, got.Endpoint, "endpoint must be empty until bootstrapped")
+	assert.Empty(t, got.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must be empty until bootstrapped")
+	assert.False(t, got.Dedicated, "an unbootstrapped account has no serving shape")
+	assert.True(t, got.EnableLogCollection, "defaults must show log collection on, matching bootstrap")
+	assert.False(t, got.EnablePromptCollection, "defaults must show prompt collection off")
+	assert.False(t, got.RedactPii, "defaults must show redaction off")
+	require.NotNil(t, got.AccessLogRetentionDays)
+	assert.Equal(t, 30, *got.AccessLogRetentionDays, "defaults must show the bootstrap retention")
+	assert.Nil(t, got.CreatedAt, "no timestamps before a row exists")
+	assert.Nil(t, got.UpdatedAt, "no timestamps before a row exists")
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_PostBootstrapsLabeled covers the labeled bootstrap
+// shape: a POST carrying a proxy_address allocates a label beneath it, so the
+// endpoint hangs one label under the shared cluster's address and the pin is
+// not dedicated. Toggles riding along apply; omitted ones keep defaults.
+func TestSettingsHandler_PostBootstrapsLabeled(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings",
+		`{"proxy_address": "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "enable_prompt_collection": true, "access_log_retention_days": 14}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "bootstrap POST must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var got api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.Equal(t, "eu.proxy.netbird.io", got.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must be pinned from the request")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, got.Endpoint, "endpoint must be allocated at bootstrap")
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(got.Endpoint, ".eu.proxy.netbird.io"),
+		"labeled endpoint must hang off the proxy address: %s", got.Endpoint)
+	label := strings.TrimSuffix(got.Endpoint, ".eu.proxy.netbird.io")
+	assert.NotContains(t, label, ".", "the allocated label must be a single DNS label: %s", label)
+	assert.False(t, got.Dedicated, "a labeled pin is not dedicated")
+	assert.True(t, got.EnableLogCollection, "omitted toggle must keep its default")
+	assert.True(t, got.EnablePromptCollection, "toggle from the bootstrap request must apply")
+	require.NotNil(t, got.AccessLogRetentionDays)
+	assert.Equal(t, 14, *got.AccessLogRetentionDays, "retention from the bootstrap request must apply")
+	assert.NotNil(t, got.CreatedAt, "a persisted row carries timestamps")
+
+	// The row is now readable via GET.
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "GET after bootstrap must succeed")
+	var read api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &read))
+	assert.Equal(t, got.Endpoint, read.Endpoint, "GET must return the bootstrapped endpoint")
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_PostBootstrapsSelfAddressed covers the dedicated shape:
+// a POST carrying an endpoint claims the hostname verbatim, the proxy address
+// equals it, and the pin reads as dedicated. The claim is legitimate before
+// any proxy declares the address (address-first).
+func TestSettingsHandler_PostBootstrapsSelfAddressed(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings",
+		`{"endpoint": "Brave-Otter.Gateway.Example.com"}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "bootstrap POST must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var got api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.Equal(t, "brave-otter.gateway.example.com", got.Endpoint,
+		"endpoint must be claimed verbatim, lowercased")
+	assert.Equal(t, got.Endpoint, got.ProxyAddress, "self-addressed: the proxy address is the endpoint")
+	assert.True(t, got.Dedicated, "a self-addressed pin is dedicated")
+	assert.True(t, got.EnableLogCollection, "omitted toggles must keep their defaults")
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_PostRequiresExactlyOneIdentityField pins the request
+// contract: proxy_address and endpoint are mutually exclusive and one is
+// required — both or neither is a validation error, not a guess.
+func TestSettingsHandler_PostRequiresExactlyOneIdentityField(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings", `{}`)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, rec.Code,
+		"empty POST must be rejected: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings",
+		`{"proxy_address": "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "endpoint": "brave-otter.gateway.example.com"}`)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, rec.Code,
+		"POST with both identity fields must be rejected: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_PostRejectsMalformedHostnames pins per-write input
+// validation: shapes canonicalization cannot repair — trailing dots, embedded
+// whitespace, empty labels — are rejected with a validation error instead of
+// landing in an immutable column.
+func TestSettingsHandler_PostRejectsMalformedHostnames(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	for name, body := range map[string]string{
+		"trailing dot":     `{"endpoint": "gateway.example.com."}`,
+		"leading dot":      `{"endpoint": ".gateway.example.com"}`,
+		"inner whitespace": `{"endpoint": "gate way.example.com"}`,
+		"empty label":      `{"proxy_address": "eu..proxy.netbird.io"}`,
+	} {
+		rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings", body)
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, rec.Code,
+			"%s must be rejected: got %d body=%s", name, rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_PostConflictsOnSecondBootstrap pins that bootstrap is a
+// one-time create: a second POST returns 409 and leaves the row untouched.
+func TestSettingsHandler_PostConflictsOnSecondBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings", `{"proxy_address": "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "first bootstrap must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	var first api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &first))
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings", `{"proxy_address": "us.proxy.netbird.io"}`)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusConflict, rec.Code,
+		"second bootstrap must 409: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	var got api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.Equal(t, first.Endpoint, got.Endpoint, "the original endpoint must survive the rejected bootstrap")
+	assert.Equal(t, first.ProxyAddress, got.ProxyAddress, "the original proxy address must survive")
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_PutBeforeBootstrapIs404 pins that a PUT cannot conjure a
+// settings row out of nothing — bootstrap is the explicit POST — and the
+// error points the caller there.
+func TestSettingsHandler_PutBeforeBootstrapIs404(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPut, "/agent-network/settings",
+		`{"enable_log_collection": false, "enable_prompt_collection": false, "redact_pii": false}`)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, rec.Code,
+		"PUT on an unbootstrapped account must 404: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "/api/agent-network/settings",
+		"the error must point the caller at the bootstrap POST: %s", rec.Body.String())
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_PutReplacesMutableFields pins the update contract shared
+// with the other PUT endpoints: the request carries every field, replacing the
+// mutable ones. The identity fields ride along as a required echo of the
+// assigned values — compared, never written — so the endpoint and proxy
+// address survive every accepted update.
+func TestSettingsHandler_PutReplacesMutableFields(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings",
+		`{"proxy_address": "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "enable_prompt_collection": true, "redact_pii": true, "access_log_retention_days": 14}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "bootstrap POST must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var before api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &before))
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodPut, "/agent-network/settings", fmt.Sprintf(
+		`{"endpoint": %q, "proxy_address": %q, "enable_log_collection": true, "enable_prompt_collection": false, "redact_pii": false, "access_log_retention_days": 7}`,
+		before.Endpoint, before.ProxyAddress))
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "update PUT must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var got api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.True(t, got.EnableLogCollection, "sent toggle must apply")
+	assert.False(t, got.EnablePromptCollection, "sent toggle must apply")
+	assert.False(t, got.RedactPii, "sent toggle must apply")
+	require.NotNil(t, got.AccessLogRetentionDays)
+	assert.Equal(t, 7, *got.AccessLogRetentionDays, "sent retention must apply")
+	assert.Equal(t, before.Endpoint, got.Endpoint, "endpoint must survive updates untouched")
+	assert.Equal(t, before.ProxyAddress, got.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must survive updates untouched")
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_PutRejectsChangedIdentity pins the immutability contract:
+// the PUT carries the identity fields like every other field, but they are an
+// echo — a request carrying a different endpoint or proxy address is rejected
+// as a validation error and the row is left untouched. The comparison is
+// lenient about casing (the stored values are normalized lowercase), so a
+// client replaying a GET response with different casing is not rejected.
+func TestSettingsHandler_PutRejectsChangedIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings",
+		`{"proxy_address": "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "enable_prompt_collection": true}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "bootstrap POST must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	var before api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &before))
+
+	for name, body := range map[string]string{
+		"changed endpoint": fmt.Sprintf(
+			`{"endpoint": "other.gateway.example.com", "proxy_address": %q, "enable_log_collection": false, "enable_prompt_collection": false, "redact_pii": false, "access_log_retention_days": 30}`,
+			before.ProxyAddress),
+		"changed proxy_address": fmt.Sprintf(
+			`{"endpoint": %q, "proxy_address": "us.proxy.netbird.io", "enable_log_collection": false, "enable_prompt_collection": false, "redact_pii": false, "access_log_retention_days": 30}`,
+			before.Endpoint),
+		"omitted identity": `{"enable_log_collection": false, "enable_prompt_collection": false, "redact_pii": false, "access_log_retention_days": 30}`,
+	} {
+		rec = f.do(t, http.MethodPut, "/agent-network/settings", body)
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, rec.Code,
+			"%s must be rejected: got %d body=%s", name, rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+	}
+
+	// The rejected updates must not have applied anything — toggles included.
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	var got api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.Equal(t, before.Endpoint, got.Endpoint, "rejected PUT must not change the endpoint")
+	assert.Equal(t, before.ProxyAddress, got.ProxyAddress, "rejected PUT must not change the proxy address")
+	assert.True(t, got.EnablePromptCollection, "rejected PUT must not apply its toggles")
+
+	// An uppercased echo of the assigned values still names the same host and
+	// must be accepted.
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodPut, "/agent-network/settings", fmt.Sprintf(
+		`{"endpoint": %q, "proxy_address": %q, "enable_log_collection": true, "enable_prompt_collection": true, "redact_pii": false, "access_log_retention_days": 30}`,
+		strings.ToUpper(before.Endpoint), strings.ToUpper(before.ProxyAddress)))
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code,
+		"an uppercased identity echo must be accepted: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_PutOmittedRetentionLandsAsZero documents a residual the
+// required-ness of access_log_retention_days does not remove. Marking the field
+// required changes the generated client type from *int to int, so a generated
+// client cannot omit it — but nothing validates OpenAPI required-ness at
+// runtime, so a hand-rolled body without the field still decodes as 0, which
+// the API documents as "keep indefinitely".
+//
+// That is the same latitude the three booleans already have, so it is left
+// consistent rather than special-cased. This test exists to make the gap
+// explicit: if request validation is ever added, this expectation is what
+// changes.
+func TestSettingsHandler_PutOmittedRetentionLandsAsZero(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings",
+		`{"proxy_address": "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "access_log_retention_days": 14}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "bootstrap POST must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	var before api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &before))
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodPut, "/agent-network/settings", fmt.Sprintf(
+		`{"endpoint": %q, "proxy_address": %q, "enable_log_collection": true, "enable_prompt_collection": false, "redact_pii": false}`,
+		before.Endpoint, before.ProxyAddress))
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "update PUT must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	var got api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	require.NotNil(t, got.AccessLogRetentionDays)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, *got.AccessLogRetentionDays,
+		"a non-conforming body that omits retention still replaces it with the zero value")
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_DeleteBeforeBootstrapIs404 pins that DELETE on an
+// account with no settings row is a 404, mirroring the PUT.
+func TestSettingsHandler_DeleteBeforeBootstrapIs404(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodDelete, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, rec.Code,
+		"DELETE on an unbootstrapped account must 404: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_DeleteBlockedByProviders pins the first delete guard:
+// while any provider exists for the account, the delete is refused with 412
+// and the row survives. Providers route through the endpoint — the guard
+// keeps DELETE a bootstrap-repair operation rather than a way to abandon a
+// configured gateway.
+func TestSettingsHandler_DeleteBlockedByProviders(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings", `{"proxy_address": "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "bootstrap POST must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	var before api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &before))
+
+	f.seedProvider(t, "prov-guard")
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodDelete, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusPreconditionFailed, rec.Code,
+		"delete with a provider present must be refused: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	var got api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &got))
+	assert.Equal(t, before.Endpoint, got.Endpoint, "the refused delete must leave the row intact")
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_DeleteBlockedByActiveProxy pins the second delete
+// guard: while a proxy is actively serving the endpoint — an active proxy
+// row declaring the endpoint hostname as its cluster address, the dedicated
+// shape — the delete is refused with 412. A proxy that has disconnected no
+// longer blocks: the guard is about a live serving path, not history.
+//
+// The proxy declares its address with mixed casing on purpose: Connect
+// stores the declared address verbatim while the settings row is normalized
+// lowercase, and hostnames are case-insensitive, so the guard must match
+// across the casing difference rather than be sidestepped by it.
+func TestSettingsHandler_DeleteBlockedByActiveProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	const endpoint = "gw.dedicated.example.com"
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings", fmt.Sprintf(`{"endpoint": %q}`, endpoint))
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "bootstrap POST must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	accountID := testAccountID
+	proxyRow := &rpproxy.Proxy{
+		ID:             "proxy-guard",
+		SessionID:      "sess-1",
+		ClusterAddress: "GW.Dedicated.Example.Com",
+		AccountID:      &accountID,
+		LastSeen:       now,
+		ConnectedAt:    &now,
+		Status:         rpproxy.StatusConnected,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveProxy(context.Background(), proxyRow))
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodDelete, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusPreconditionFailed, rec.Code,
+		"delete with an active proxy at the endpoint must be refused: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+
+	// Once the proxy disconnects it no longer serves the endpoint, so the
+	// delete goes through.
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.DisconnectProxy(context.Background(), proxyRow.ID, proxyRow.SessionID))
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodDelete, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code,
+		"delete after the proxy disconnected must succeed: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+}
+
+// TestSettingsHandler_DeleteReleasesEndpointForFreshBootstrap pins the
+// full-reset semantic that gives replace-on-change clients (e.g. Terraform's
+// RequiresReplace) a real path: with both guards clear the delete succeeds,
+// the account reads as the defaults again, and a fresh bootstrap draws a
+// fresh label. The released hostname is not reserved — a fresh draw may even
+// legitimately re-pick it — so the assertions check the new row's shape, not
+// that the label differs.
+func TestSettingsHandler_DeleteReleasesEndpointForFreshBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newAgentNetworkHandlerFixture(t)
+
+	rec := f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings",
+		`{"proxy_address": "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "enable_prompt_collection": true}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "bootstrap POST must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodDelete, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code,
+		"delete with both guards clear must succeed: got %d body=%s", rec.Code, rec.Body.String())
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodGet, "/agent-network/settings", "")
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	var after api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &after))
+	assert.Empty(t, after.Endpoint, "a deleted account must read as unbootstrapped defaults")
+	assert.False(t, after.EnablePromptCollection, "the deleted row's toggles must not linger")
+
+	rec = f.do(t, http.MethodPost, "/agent-network/settings", `{"proxy_address": "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}`)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "re-bootstrap after delete must succeed: %s", rec.Body.String())
+	var second api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &second))
+	require.NotEmpty(t, second.Endpoint, "the fresh bootstrap must allocate an endpoint")
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(second.Endpoint, ".eu.proxy.netbird.io"),
+		"the fresh endpoint must hang beneath the requested proxy address: %s", second.Endpoint)
+	assert.False(t, second.EnablePromptCollection,
+		"the fresh row must carry bootstrap defaults, not the deleted row's toggles")
+	assert.NotNil(t, second.CreatedAt, "the fresh row is persisted and carries timestamps")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/adjectives.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/adjectives.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5058c2f1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/adjectives.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package labelgen
+
+// adjectives is the descriptor half of a generated label. It pairs with the
+// noun pool in words.go to form `<adjective>-<noun>` labels, and is kept
+// separate because words.go is almost entirely nouns — drawing both halves
+// from it produced unreadable pairs like "millet-hammock". Entries are
+// lowercase ASCII, 4-12 chars, free of hyphens and digits, screened for
+// offensive/brand/region-specific terms, and disjoint from the noun pool
+// (enforced by TestAdjectives_AreDisjointFromNouns).
+var adjectives = []string{
+	"able", "active", "adept", "agile", "airy", "alert", "amiable", "ample",
+	"ancient", "ardent", "artful", "astute", "balmy", "blithe", "bold", "bonny",
+	"brave", "breezy", "brisk", "bubbly", "buoyant", "bushy", "candid", "canny",
+	"cheery", "chilly", "chipper", "chunky", "civil", "classic", "clever", "comely",
+	"compact", "cordial", "cosmic", "courtly", "crafty", "creamy", "crisp", "cuddly",
+	"curious", "dainty", "dapper", "daring", "dashing", "deft", "dewy", "diligent",
+	"downy", "dreamy", "dulcet", "durable", "dusky", "eager", "earnest", "earthy",
+	"easy", "elated", "elegant", "epic", "fabled", "faithful", "fancy", "fearless",
+	"feisty", "fervent", "fleet", "fluffy", "fond", "frisky", "frosty", "gallant",
+	"genial", "genteel", "gentle", "giddy", "gilded", "glad", "glassy", "gleaming",
+	"glossy", "graceful", "grand", "grainy", "hale", "hardy", "hearty", "hefty",
+	"honest", "hopeful", "humble", "hushed", "immense", "jaunty", "jolly", "jovial",
+	"joyful", "jubilant", "keen", "kindly", "kindred", "lanky", "leafy", "limber",
+	"lively", "lofty", "loyal", "lucent", "lucid", "luminous", "lush", "maroon",
+	"mellow", "merry", "mighty", "mindful", "mirthful", "misty", "modest", "muted",
+	"nifty", "nimble", "noble", "patient", "peaceful", "pearly", "peppy", "perky",
+	"petite", "placid", "playful", "pleasant", "plucky", "plush", "polite", "posh",
+	"prancing", "pristine", "prompt", "proud", "prudent", "quaint", "quick", "quirky",
+	"radiant", "ready", "regal", "restful", "robust", "rosy", "ruddy", "rugged",
+	"sandy", "satin", "saucy", "savvy", "sedate", "serene", "shady", "shiny",
+	"silken", "silky", "sincere", "sleek", "slender", "smart", "smooth", "snappy",
+	"snug", "soaring", "sparkly", "spiffy", "spirited", "sprightly", "spry", "stalwart",
+	"stately", "steady", "sterling", "stoic", "stormy", "stout", "sturdy", "sunlit",
+	"supple", "svelte", "tawny", "tender", "tidy", "timeless", "trusty", "upbeat",
+	"urbane", "valiant", "vast", "vernal", "vibrant", "vintage", "whimsy", "willing",
+	"windy", "winsome", "wintry", "witty", "worthy", "zesty", "zippy",
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/labelgen.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/labelgen.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd5b0129d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/labelgen.go
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Package labelgen produces DNS-safe Agent Network subdomain labels.
+package labelgen
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
+)
+
+// pickAttempts caps the random retries before falling back to the
+// suffixed form. Eight is a soft compromise: with a near-empty taken
+// set the very first pick almost always succeeds; when the wordlist is
+// densely populated the fallback eventually fires anyway.
+const pickAttempts = 8
+
+var (
+	dedupOnce sync.Once
+	uniqWords []string
+)
+
+// uniqueWords returns the wordlist deduplicated and sorted for
+// deterministic exhaustion behaviour. Lazy-built once per process.
+func uniqueWords() []string {
+	dedupOnce.Do(func() {
+		seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(words))
+		uniqWords = make([]string, 0, len(words))
+		for _, w := range words {
+			if _, ok := seen[w]; ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[w] = struct{}{}
+			uniqWords = append(uniqWords, w)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(uniqWords)
+	})
+	return uniqWords
+}
+
+// PickUnique selects a label not already in `taken`. It tries up to
+// pickAttempts random picks; on exhaustion it scans the deduplicated
+// wordlist for any remaining free entry, and if none is left appends
+// `-<fallbackSuffix>` to a random word and returns.
+func PickUnique(taken map[string]struct{}, fallbackSuffix string) string {
+	pool := uniqueWords()
+	if len(pool) == 0 {
+		return fallbackSuffix
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < pickAttempts; i++ {
+		w := pool[util.RandIntn(len(pool))]
+		if _, ok := taken[w]; !ok {
+			return w
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, w := range pool {
+		if _, ok := taken[w]; !ok {
+			return w
+		}
+	}
+
+	w := pool[util.RandIntn(len(pool))]
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", w, fallbackSuffix)
+}
+
+// PickTuple returns an adjective-noun label such as "brave-otter". It is still
+// a single DNS label.
+//
+// Unlike PickUnique it takes no `taken` set and has no fallback suffix. The
+// noun pool holds 857 entries, which is ample per cluster but a hard ceiling
+// once labels must be unique across one shared zone; pairing an adjective with
+// a noun spans len(adjectives) * 857 instead. Uniqueness is enforced by a
+// database constraint and retried by the caller, rather than guessed from a
+// pre-read set that a concurrent allocation can invalidate.
+func PickTuple() string {
+	nouns := uniqueWords()
+	if len(nouns) == 0 || len(adjectives) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return adjectives[util.RandIntn(len(adjectives))] + "-" + nouns[util.RandIntn(len(nouns))]
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/labelgen_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/labelgen_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dda0f09ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/labelgen_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+package labelgen
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestPickUnique_ReturnsWordFromPool confirms a pick against an empty
+// taken set is always drawn verbatim from the wordlist.
+func TestPickUnique_ReturnsWordFromPool(t *testing.T) {
+	got := PickUnique(map[string]struct{}{}, "abcd")
+
+	assert.True(t, slices.Contains(uniqueWords(), got), "Pick %q must be drawn from the wordlist", got)
+}
+
+// TestPickUnique_AvoidsTakenWordsWhenMostAreReserved seeds taken with
+// every word in the pool except a handful and confirms PickUnique
+// finds one of the remaining free entries instead of returning the
+// fallback form.
+func TestPickUnique_AvoidsTakenWordsWhenMostAreReserved(t *testing.T) {
+	pool := uniqueWords()
+	require.NotEmpty(t, pool, "wordlist must be populated for the test to mean anything")
+
+	free := map[string]struct{}{
+		pool[0]:           {},
+		pool[len(pool)/2]: {},
+		pool[len(pool)-1]: {},
+	}
+
+	taken := make(map[string]struct{}, len(pool))
+	for _, w := range pool {
+		if _, ok := free[w]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		taken[w] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	got := PickUnique(taken, "abcd")
+
+	_, isFree := free[got]
+	assert.True(t, isFree, "PickUnique must return one of the free words; got %q", got)
+	assert.NotContains(t, got, "-", "Free pick must not be the suffix fallback form")
+}
+
+// TestPickUnique_FallsBackWhenAllReserved exhausts the pool and
+// confirms PickUnique appends the supplied suffix instead of
+// returning a duplicate.
+func TestPickUnique_FallsBackWhenAllReserved(t *testing.T) {
+	pool := uniqueWords()
+
+	taken := make(map[string]struct{}, len(pool))
+	for _, w := range pool {
+		taken[w] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	got := PickUnique(taken, "abcd")
+
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(got, "-abcd"), "Exhausted pool must produce <word>-<suffix>; got %q", got)
+
+	prefix := strings.TrimSuffix(got, "-abcd")
+	found := false
+	for _, w := range pool {
+		if w == prefix {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, found, "Fallback prefix must be drawn from the wordlist; got %q", prefix)
+}
+
+// TestUniqueWords_DropsDuplicates guards against authoring slips in
+// words.go: every entry must be unique and DNS-safe.
+func TestUniqueWords_DropsDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	pool := uniqueWords()
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(pool))
+	for _, w := range pool {
+		_, dup := seen[w]
+		assert.False(t, dup, "Duplicate entry %q in deduplicated pool", w)
+		seen[w] = struct{}{}
+		assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(w), 4, "Word %q is shorter than 4 chars", w)
+		assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(w), 12, "Word %q is longer than 12 chars", w)
+		for _, r := range w {
+			ok := r >= 'a' && r <= 'z'
+			assert.True(t, ok, "Word %q contains non-lowercase-ASCII rune %q", w, r)
+		}
+	}
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(pool), 500, "Pool must contain at least 500 unique words")
+}
+
+// TestPickTuple_ShapeAndPoolMembership locks the wire-visible shape: an
+// adjective and a noun, each from its own pool, joined by a single hyphen so
+// the result stays one DNS label.
+func TestPickTuple_ShapeAndPoolMembership(t *testing.T) {
+	nouns := uniqueWords()
+	inNouns := make(map[string]struct{}, len(nouns))
+	for _, w := range nouns {
+		inNouns[w] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	inAdjectives := make(map[string]struct{}, len(adjectives))
+	for _, a := range adjectives {
+		inAdjectives[a] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 200; i++ {
+		got := PickTuple()
+
+		parts := strings.Split(got, "-")
+		require.Len(t, parts, 2, "PickTuple must produce exactly two hyphen-joined words; got %q", got)
+
+		_, adjOK := inAdjectives[parts[0]]
+		assert.True(t, adjOK, "First half must be an adjective; %q not in adjectives (from %q)", parts[0], got)
+		_, nounOK := inNouns[parts[1]]
+		assert.True(t, nounOK, "Second half must be a noun; %q not in words (from %q)", parts[1], got)
+
+		assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(got), 63, "Label must fit a DNS label; got %q (%d chars)", got, len(got))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdjectives_AreDisjointFromNouns keeps the namespace a clean product and
+// prevents nonsense like "azure-azure": a handful of the noun pool's entries
+// are adjectival, and any overlap would let the same word land on both sides.
+func TestAdjectives_AreDisjointFromNouns(t *testing.T) {
+	nouns := make(map[string]struct{}, len(uniqueWords()))
+	for _, w := range uniqueWords() {
+		nouns[w] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, a := range adjectives {
+		_, clash := nouns[a]
+		assert.False(t, clash, "Adjective %q also appears in the noun pool; remove it from one list", a)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAdjectives_AreDNSSafeAndDeduplicated mirrors the curation contract stated
+// in words.go: lowercase ASCII, 4-12 chars, no digits or hyphens, no repeats.
+func TestAdjectives_AreDNSSafeAndDeduplicated(t *testing.T) {
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(adjectives))
+	for _, a := range adjectives {
+		_, dup := seen[a]
+		assert.False(t, dup, "Duplicate adjective %q", a)
+		seen[a] = struct{}{}
+
+		assert.Regexp(t, `^[a-z]{4,12}$`, a, "Adjective %q must be 4-12 lowercase ASCII letters", a)
+	}
+	assert.Greater(t, len(adjectives), 150, "Adjective pool too small to give a useful namespace")
+}
+
+// TestPickTuple_SpansALargeNamespace guards the reason we moved to tuples: a
+// single-word pool caps the GLOBAL namespace at 857. Drawing many tuples must
+// yield overwhelmingly distinct values.
+func TestPickTuple_SpansALargeNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, 2000)
+	for i := 0; i < 2000; i++ {
+		seen[PickTuple()] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	assert.Greater(t, len(seen), 1900,
+		"2000 draws should be nearly all distinct across a ~200k namespace; got %d unique", len(seen))
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/words.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/words.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2028ff23d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen/words.go
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Package labelgen produces DNS-safe Agent Network subdomain labels.
+//
+// The wordlist below is a curated subset drawn from public-domain
+// nature / common-noun pools (e.g. EFF's diceware lists). Every entry
+// is lowercase ASCII, 4–12 chars, no hyphens, no digits, and was
+// hand-checked to avoid offensive, brand, or region-specific terms.
+package labelgen
+
+// words is the pool PickUnique selects from. The slice is intentionally
+// not sorted — random picks distribute across the list naturally.
+var words = []string{
+	"acorn", "adobe", "agate", "alder", "almond", "alpine", "amber", "amethyst",
+	"anchor", "antler", "apple", "apricot", "arcade", "arctic", "arrow", "ashen",
+	"aspen", "atlas", "atom", "aurora", "autumn", "azure",
+	"badger", "bamboo", "banana", "banjo", "barley", "barn", "basalt", "basil",
+	"basin", "bayou", "beach", "beacon", "beaver", "beech", "beetle", "berry",
+	"birch", "bison", "blossom", "blue", "bobcat", "bonsai", "boulder", "branch",
+	"brass", "breeze", "bridge", "bright", "brook", "broom", "brown", "buffalo",
+	"bumble", "burrow", "butter", "button",
+	"cabin", "cactus", "calm", "camel", "campfire", "canary", "candle", "canoe",
+	"canyon", "cardinal", "carrot", "cascade", "castle", "cedar", "celery", "cello",
+	"cement", "cherry", "chestnut", "chime", "cinnamon", "cinder", "citron", "clay",
+	"clear", "cliff", "clock", "cloud", "clover", "coast", "cobalt", "cobble",
+	"cocoa", "coffee", "comet", "compass", "copper", "coral", "corner", "cosmos",
+	"cotton", "cougar", "country", "coyote", "cove", "crane", "crater", "creek",
+	"crescent", "crimson", "crocus", "crystal", "cypress",
+	"daffodil", "dahlia", "daisy", "dawn", "deer", "delta", "denim", "desert",
+	"dewdrop", "diamond", "dolphin", "doodle", "dove", "dragon", "drift", "drop",
+	"dune", "dusk", "dusty",
+	"eagle", "earth", "echo", "elder", "elkhorn", "ember", "emerald", "emperor",
+	"evergreen", "evening",
+	"falcon", "fawn", "feather", "fern", "fiddle", "field", "fiesta", "finch",
+	"firepit", "firefly", "fjord", "flame", "flax", "fleece", "flint", "floral",
+	"flower", "flute", "foal", "foggy", "forest", "fountain", "foxglove", "fresh",
+	"frost", "fuchsia", "fudge",
+	"gable", "galaxy", "garden", "garnet", "gazelle", "geode", "geyser", "ginger",
+	"glacier", "glade", "glass", "glow", "gold", "goose", "gorge", "gourd",
+	"granite", "grape", "grass", "gravel", "grayling", "greenery", "grizzly", "grove",
+	"gull", "gumdrop", "gust",
+	"hammock", "harbor", "harvest", "hawk", "hazel", "heather", "hedge", "heron",
+	"hibiscus", "hickory", "hideaway", "highland", "hill", "hive", "hollow", "honey",
+	"hopper", "horizon", "hummingbird", "husky",
+	"iceberg", "indigo", "iris", "island", "ivory", "ivybush",
+	"jade", "jasmine", "jasper", "jaybird", "jelly", "jewel", "jonquil", "journey",
+	"juniper", "jupiter", "jute",
+	"kale", "kangaroo", "kayak", "kelp", "kestrel", "kettle", "khaki", "kindling",
+	"kingfisher", "kiwi", "knapweed", "koala",
+	"lagoon", "lake", "lantern", "larch", "lark", "laurel", "lava", "lavender",
+	"leaf", "lemon", "lichen", "light", "lilac", "lily", "lime", "limestone",
+	"linden", "linen", "lion", "lobster", "locust", "loon", "lotus", "lumber",
+	"lunar", "lupine", "lynx",
+	"madrone", "magenta", "magnolia", "mahogany", "mallow", "mango", "manor", "maple",
+	"marble", "marigold", "marina", "marlin", "marsh", "mauve", "meadow", "melody",
+	"melon", "merlin", "metal", "midnight", "milk", "millet", "mineral", "mint",
+	"mirror", "mist", "mitten", "molasses", "moon", "moose", "morning", "moss",
+	"mountain", "mulberry", "muscat", "mustard",
+	"narwhal", "navy", "nectar", "needle", "nest", "nettle", "newt", "nightfall",
+	"noon", "nook", "north", "nova", "nutmeg",
+	"oaken", "oasis", "oatmeal", "ocean", "ochre", "octagon", "olive", "onyx",
+	"opal", "orange", "orbit", "orchard", "orchid", "oregano", "orion", "osprey",
+	"otter", "outpost", "owlet", "oyster",
+	"painter", "palace", "palm", "pansy", "panther", "papaya", "paprika", "parsley",
+	"partridge", "passage", "pastel", "patio", "peach", "peacock", "pear", "pearl",
+	"pebble", "pecan", "pelican", "penguin", "peony", "pepper", "perch", "peridot",
+	"pewter", "phoenix", "pier", "pillar", "pine", "pineapple", "pinto", "piper",
+	"pistachio", "plain", "planet", "plateau", "platinum", "plum", "plume", "polar",
+	"pollen", "pond", "poplar", "poppy", "porcelain", "portal", "portrait", "potato",
+	"prairie", "primrose", "prism", "puffin", "pumpkin",
+	"quail", "quartz", "quaver", "quill", "quince", "quinoa",
+	"rabbit", "raccoon", "radish", "rain", "rainbow", "raindrop", "rapids", "raspberry",
+	"raven", "ravine", "redwood", "reed", "reef", "ridge", "river", "robin",
+	"rocket", "rubyred", "rose", "rosemary", "rosewood", "ruffle", "rugby", "russet",
+	"rustic", "ryefield",
+	"saffron", "sage", "salmon", "sand", "sandstone", "sapphire", "savanna", "scarlet",
+	"scout", "seal", "season", "seaweed", "sequoia", "shadow", "shamrock", "shell",
+	"sherbet", "shore", "silver", "siskin", "skybloom", "skyline", "sleet", "smoke",
+	"snail", "snapdragon", "snow", "snowflake", "snowy", "solar", "song", "sonic",
+	"sorrel", "south", "sparkle", "sparrow", "spice", "spider", "spinach", "spire",
+	"spring", "sprout", "spruce", "squirrel", "starfish", "starlight", "stoat", "stone",
+	"stork", "storm", "stream", "studio", "summer", "sunbeam", "sundew", "sunny",
+	"sunrise", "sunset", "swallow", "swan", "sweet", "sycamore",
+	"tangelo", "tangerine", "tansy", "taupe", "teak", "teal", "thicket", "thistle",
+	"thrush", "thunder", "tide", "tiger", "tinder", "topaz", "torch", "tortoise",
+	"tower", "trail", "tranquil", "tundra", "tulip", "turquoise", "turtle", "twig",
+	"twilight",
+	"umber", "uplands",
+	"valley", "vanilla", "velvet", "venus", "verdant", "verdigris", "vermilion", "violet",
+	"vista", "vivid", "volcano", "vortex",
+	"walnut", "warbler", "watercress", "waterfall", "wave", "waxwing", "weasel", "westwind",
+	"whale", "whisker", "whisper", "wicker", "wildwood", "willow", "winter", "wisp",
+	"wisteria", "wolf", "wombat", "woodland", "woolly", "wren", "wreath",
+	"yarrow", "yellow", "yewtree", "yodel",
+	"zebra", "zenith", "zephyr", "zinnia",
+	"alabaster", "alfalfa", "almanac", "anise", "antelope", "arbor", "arena", "armadillo",
+	"avocet", "azalea", "balsam", "bayou", "beacon", "blizzard", "bluebell", "bluebird",
+	"bluejay", "bobolink", "borage", "boreal", "buckeye", "buckthorn", "buttercup",
+	"cabana", "calico", "canopy", "caraway", "cardamom", "cattail", "celadon", "centaur",
+	"chambray", "chamois", "champlain", "chestnuts", "chickadee", "chinook", "chipmunk", "cinnabar",
+	"cirrus", "citrine", "clematis", "copperhead",
+	"crocodile", "currant", "cuttlebone", "daffy", "dapple", "delphinium", "dervish", "diamondback",
+	"dogwood", "dolphins", "dragonfly", "driftwood", "dusk", "dustpan", "ebony", "edelweiss",
+	"emperor", "endive", "estuary", "everglade", "fairway", "feldspar", "fennel", "fieldstone",
+	"firebrand", "firefly", "fireweed", "firework", "flagstone", "fossil", "frostbite", "galleon",
+	"gardener", "geranium", "gingko", "ginseng", "goldfish", "goldfinch", "goldenrod", "graphite",
+	"greenfinch", "guppy", "haiku", "halibut", "hammerhead", "harbinger", "harvest", "hatchling",
+	"havana", "hawthorn", "hazelnut", "heartwood", "henna", "heron", "highrise", "homestead",
+	"honeycomb", "honeydew", "horseshoe", "hyacinth", "iceland", "icicle", "indigobird", "ironwood",
+	"jacaranda", "jamboree", "javelina", "jellyfish", "junebug", "kaleido", "kayaker", "kerchief",
+	"keystone", "kingdom", "labrador", "lacewing", "ladybug", "lakeside", "lamplight", "leopard",
+	"lighthouse", "lilypad", "lullaby", "magnet", "mahonia", "mandolin", "manzanita", "maraschino",
+	"mariner", "marsupial", "mastodon", "matterhorn", "mayflower", "mayfly", "meadowlark", "merlot",
+	"meteor", "midshipman", "millpond", "mimosa", "minnow", "mockingbird", "molten", "monarch",
+	"monsoon", "moondust", "moonlight", "moorland", "morning", "mossland", "mountain", "mulch",
+	"narcissus", "nautilus", "nettlebush", "northstar", "nuthatch", "obsidian", "okra", "olivine",
+	"opalescent", "orchidea", "orchard", "ornament", "outrigger", "oxalis", "paddler", "paintbrush",
+	"papyrus", "paradise", "pasture", "patchwork", "pathway", "peridot", "periwinkle", "petalbloom",
+	"petrel", "petunia", "phlox", "pikeperch", "pinecone", "pioneer", "pipevine", "platypus",
+	"pomelo", "pondweed", "porpoise", "powder", "promise", "puddle", "pumice", "puzzle",
+	"quetzal", "quicksilver", "raccoon", "ragwort", "rainforest", "ramble", "rapid", "rascal",
+	"raspberry", "redbud", "redfern", "redpoll", "reedling", "ringtail", "riverbed", "riverbird",
+	"riverstone", "rockcress", "roebuck", "rosebay", "rosehip", "rosemary", "rowan", "rumble",
+	"runaway", "rustler", "sagebrush", "sailcloth", "salamander", "salsify", "samphire", "sandbar",
+	"sanddollar", "sandpiper", "santolina", "sapodilla", "sassafras", "scallion", "schooner", "seafoam",
+	"seafrost", "seagrass", "seahorse", "seaport", "seashell", "seaspray", "shamble", "shimmer",
+	"shoreline", "silkmoth", "silverfox", "skylark", "snapdragon", "snowberry", "snowdrop", "snowfall",
+	"snowmelt", "softwood", "songbird", "sorghum", "southwind", "speedwell", "spinnaker", "spruce",
+	"starlight", "starling", "stormcloud", "summit", "sundance", "sundew", "sundial", "sunflower",
+	"surface", "swallowtail", "sweetcorn", "sycamore", "tabletop", "tamarack", "tamarind", "tangerine",
+	"tarragon", "telescope", "thicket", "thrasher", "thunder", "thyme", "tideline", "timberland",
+	"tinderbox", "topiary", "torchwood", "totem", "tradewind", "treasure", "tremolo", "trinket",
+	"trumpetvine", "tugboat", "tundra", "turnstone", "underbrush", "vagabond", "valerian", "vanilla",
+	"velveteen", "vermilion", "vinca", "vineyard", "violet", "voyager", "wagonwheel", "walnutwood",
+	"watermark", "watershed", "waterway", "wavefront", "westerly", "whaleback", "whetstone", "wicker",
+	"wildbloom", "wildflower", "wilderness", "windsong", "windward", "winterberry", "woodbine", "woodfern",
+	"woodland", "woodthrush", "woolgrass", "yellowfin", "zenithal", "zucchini",
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/manager.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6ff44c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1404 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/labelgen"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// ensureSessionKeys mints an ed25519 session keypair on the provider
+// when one is missing. Idempotent: skips when both fields are already
+// populated (e.g. update or migrated rows). The keys are used by the
+// synthesised reverse-proxy service to sign / verify session JWTs
+// after a successful OIDC handshake.
+func ensureSessionKeys(p *types.Provider) error {
+	if p.SessionPrivateKey != "" && p.SessionPublicKey != "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	pair, err := sessionkey.GenerateKeyPair()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generate provider session keys: %w", err)
+	}
+	p.SessionPrivateKey = pair.PrivateKey
+	p.SessionPublicKey = pair.PublicKey
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Manager governs the lifecycle of Agent Network providers and policies.
+type Manager interface {
+	GetAllProviders(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Provider, error)
+	GetProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, providerID string) (*types.Provider, error)
+	CreateProvider(ctx context.Context, userID string, provider *types.Provider) (*types.Provider, error)
+	UpdateProvider(ctx context.Context, userID string, provider *types.Provider) (*types.Provider, error)
+	DeleteProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, providerID string) error
+	DiscoverProviderModels(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, req modeldiscovery.Request, recordID string) ([]modeldiscovery.Model, error)
+
+	GetAllPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Policy, error)
+	GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, policyID string) (*types.Policy, error)
+	CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, userID string, policy *types.Policy) (*types.Policy, error)
+	UpdatePolicy(ctx context.Context, userID string, policy *types.Policy) (*types.Policy, error)
+	DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, policyID string) error
+
+	GetAllGuardrails(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Guardrail, error)
+	GetGuardrail(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, guardrailID string) (*types.Guardrail, error)
+	CreateGuardrail(ctx context.Context, userID string, guardrail *types.Guardrail) (*types.Guardrail, error)
+	UpdateGuardrail(ctx context.Context, userID string, guardrail *types.Guardrail) (*types.Guardrail, error)
+	DeleteGuardrail(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, guardrailID string) error
+
+	GetAllBudgetRules(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.AccountBudgetRule, error)
+	GetBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, ruleID string) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error)
+	CreateBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, userID string, rule *types.AccountBudgetRule) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error)
+	UpdateBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, userID string, rule *types.AccountBudgetRule) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error)
+	DeleteBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, ruleID string) error
+
+	GetSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) (*types.Settings, error)
+	CreateSettings(ctx context.Context, userID string, settings *types.Settings, proxyAddress, endpoint string) (*types.Settings, error)
+	UpdateSettings(ctx context.Context, userID string, settings *types.Settings) (*types.Settings, error)
+	DeleteSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) error
+
+	ListConsumption(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Consumption, error)
+	ListAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog, int64, error)
+	ListAccessLogSessions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, int64, error)
+	GetUsageOverview(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter, granularity types.UsageGranularity) ([]*types.AgentNetworkUsageBucket, error)
+	StartAccessLogCleanup(ctx context.Context, cleanupIntervalHours int)
+	RecordConsumption(ctx context.Context, accountID string, kind types.ConsumptionDimension, dimID string, windowSeconds, tokensIn, tokensOut int64, costUSD float64) error
+	RecordAccountBudgetUsage(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, groupIDs []string, tokensIn, tokensOut int64, costUSD float64) error
+	RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, in RecordUsageInput) error
+	SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx context.Context, in PolicySelectionInput) (*PolicySelectionResult, error)
+
+	// GetAgentConfigForUser backs the self-service agent-config endpoint.
+	// Caller-scoped, so it skips the role permission gate; see
+	// the implementation. The caller's own usage and requests come
+	// through GetUsageOverview / ListAccessLogs, which self-scope when
+	// the account-wide grant is missing.
+	GetAgentConfigForUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) (*types.AgentConfig, error)
+}
+
+// PolicySelectionInput is the per-request selection envelope. The
+// proxy populates it from CapturedData (account, user, groups) plus
+// the provider llm_router resolved and the model it extracted.
+type PolicySelectionInput struct {
+	AccountID  string
+	UserID     string
+	GroupIDs   []string
+	ProviderID string
+	// Model is the already-normalised upstream model id the proxy extracted
+	// (parser strips Bedrock region/version, Vertex @version), so a
+	// case-insensitive compare suffices. Empty = undetermined → not permitted
+	// (fail closed).
+	Model string
+}
+
+// PolicySelectionResult names the policy that "pays" for this request
+// plus the deny envelope when every applicable policy has exhausted
+// every cap. AttributionGroupID is the lowest group id (string sort)
+// of caller_groups ∩ selected_policy.source_groups; empty when no
+// group dimension applies. WindowSeconds is the chosen policy's
+// effective window length in seconds (token_limit's wins when both
+// halves are enabled with mismatched windows; budget_limit's
+// otherwise; 0 when no caps are configured at all).
+type PolicySelectionResult struct {
+	Allow              bool
+	SelectedPolicyID   string
+	AttributionGroupID string
+	WindowSeconds      int64
+	DenyCode           string
+	DenyReason         string
+}
+
+type managerImpl struct {
+	store              store.Store
+	accountManager     account.Manager
+	permissionsManager permissions.Manager
+	proxyController    proxy.Controller
+
+	// modelDiscovery queries vendors for the models a credential can reach.
+	// An interface rather than the concrete client because it is now on a
+	// write path: the credential check runs inside CreateProvider and
+	// UpdateProvider, so every test that saves a provider would otherwise
+	// reach a vendor over the network to do it.
+	//
+	// One instance serves every request for the process's lifetime, so its
+	// fields must stay read-only after construction: lazy initialisation
+	// inside Fetch or httpClient would race across request goroutines.
+	modelDiscovery ModelLister
+
+	// reconcileCache holds the last set of synthesised proxy mappings
+	// per account, each paired with the proxy that served it, so a change
+	// of serving proxy can be diffed without re-deriving it.
+	reconcileMu    sync.Mutex
+	reconcileCache map[string]map[string]syntheticMapping
+}
+
+// ManagerOption replaces a manager dependency at construction. Production
+// passes none; each option exists for something a test cannot let run for
+// real.
+type ManagerOption func(*managerImpl)
+
+// WithModelLister replaces the vendor call behind the provider credential
+// check. A test that saves a provider needs this — the check runs inside
+// CreateProvider and UpdateProvider, so the write path reaches a vendor
+// without it.
+func WithModelLister(lister ModelLister) ManagerOption {
+	return func(m *managerImpl) { m.modelDiscovery = lister }
+}
+
+// NewManager constructs the persistent Agent Network manager. The
+// manager persists provider/policy/guardrail configuration and, on
+// every mutation, reconciles the in-memory synthesised reverse-proxy
+// services with the proxy cluster via proxyController. Pass nil for
+// proxyController to disable the reconcile push (useful in tests).
+func NewManager(
+	store store.Store,
+	permissionsManager permissions.Manager,
+	accountManager account.Manager,
+	proxyController proxy.Controller,
+	opts ...ManagerOption,
+) Manager {
+	m := &managerImpl{
+		store:              store,
+		accountManager:     accountManager,
+		permissionsManager: permissionsManager,
+		proxyController:    proxyController,
+		modelDiscovery:     &modeldiscovery.Client{},
+		reconcileCache:     make(map[string]map[string]syntheticMapping),
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(m)
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+// GetAllProviders returns the account's providers for callers holding the
+// providers read grant (connection config redacted unless they can also
+// update). A caller without the grant self-scopes instead of being denied
+// — mirroring the usage and log endpoints: they get the providers their
+// own policies authorize, redacted to the display surface, which is what
+// feeds the dashboard's provider filter for plain users.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetAllProviders(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Provider, error) {
+	ok, _, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Read)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		return m.callerScopedProviders(ctx, accountID, userID)
+	}
+	providers, err := m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m.redactProvidersForViewer(ctx, accountID, userID, providers)
+}
+
+// GetProvider self-scopes like GetAllProviders: a caller without the read
+// grant may fetch a provider their own policies authorize (redacted), and
+// gets the same not-found answer for any other id — an out-of-scope
+// provider must be indistinguishable from a nonexistent one.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, providerID string) (*types.Provider, error) {
+	ok, _, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Read)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		scoped, err := m.callerScopedProviders(ctx, accountID, userID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for _, p := range scoped {
+			if p.ID == providerID {
+				return p, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return nil, status.NewAgentNetworkProviderNotFoundError(providerID)
+	}
+	provider, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, providerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	redacted, err := m.redactProvidersForViewer(ctx, accountID, userID, []*types.Provider{provider})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return redacted[0], nil
+}
+
+// callerScopedProviders returns the providers the caller's own policies
+// authorize — the same selection the self-service setup answer and the
+// proxy's routing derive from — each reduced to the display surface. No
+// role permission is needed: the answer is scoped strictly to the caller,
+// and a caller outside every policy gets an empty list, indistinguishable
+// from an account with nothing configured.
+func (m *managerImpl) callerScopedProviders(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Provider, error) {
+	user, err := m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get user: %w", err)
+	}
+	authorized, applicable, err := m.authorizedProvidersForGroups(ctx, accountID, user.AutoGroups)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var guardrailsByID map[string]*types.Guardrail
+	if anyPolicyHasGuardrails(applicable) {
+		guardrailsByID, err = m.loadGuardrailsByID(ctx, accountID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	out := make([]*types.Provider, 0, len(authorized))
+	for _, p := range authorized {
+		r := p.RedactedForViewer()
+		// The model list follows the same effective computation the setup
+		// answer and the proxy use: allowlist-restricted callers see only
+		// the models their guardrails permit, and an unrestricted policy
+		// on a provider without an operator declaration surfaces the
+		// catalog models, matching the setup response — so the dashboard's
+		// model filter never offers a model the caller's own requests
+		// could not use, and never comes up empty when the setup page
+		// lists models. Grant holders keep the full declared lists —
+		// their usage view spans everyone's requests.
+		_, effective := effectiveModelsForProvider(p, policiesForProvider(applicable, p.ID), guardrailsByID)
+		r.Models = providerModelsByID(p, effective)
+		out = append(out, r)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// redactProvidersForViewer strips the connection configuration from
+// providers handed to a caller who holds only the read grant on
+// agent_network.providers. Update is the managing signal: a role that can
+// edit a provider sees its config in the edit form anyway, while a
+// read-only role (usage_viewer) only needs the display surface the usage
+// filters resolve against — upstream URLs and operator-supplied header
+// values are not part of that. Validation errors fail closed.
+func (m *managerImpl) redactProvidersForViewer(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, providers []*types.Provider) ([]*types.Provider, error) {
+	canManage, _, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
+	}
+	if canManage {
+		return providers, nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*types.Provider, 0, len(providers))
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		if p == nil {
+			out = append(out, nil)
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, p.RedactedForViewer())
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// DiscoverProviderModels asks the vendor which models a credential can reach.
+//
+// recordID, when set, names an existing provider whose stored credential is
+// used instead of the one in req — so the dashboard can refresh the list
+// without ever holding the key. An upstream in req overrides the stored one,
+// which is what lets a form list against a URL the operator has typed but not
+// saved yet, using the credential they cannot retype.
+//
+// Gated on Create rather than Read: this spends the operator's credential
+// against a third party, which is not something a read-only role should be
+// able to make the server do. That one check also covers reading the stored
+// record — Create is strictly stronger than Read here, and the lookup is
+// scoped to accountID, so another account's record is never reachable.
+func (m *managerImpl) DiscoverProviderModels(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, req modeldiscovery.Request, recordID string) ([]modeldiscovery.Model, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if recordID != "" {
+		record, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, recordID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// The catalog id comes from the stored record too: letting the caller
+		// name a different one would run a provider's credential against
+		// whichever vendor endpoint they picked.
+		req.CatalogID = record.ProviderID
+		req.APIKey = record.APIKey
+		// The upstream is the one field the caller may override, so that a URL
+		// typed into the form can be listed against before it is saved.
+		//
+		// It sends the stored credential to a host the caller named, which is
+		// a capability they already have: the same permission set updates the
+		// record's upstream, and that write runs this same check against
+		// whatever it is pointed at. What it would not otherwise be is silent,
+		// since the write leaves an activity event behind — so the override is
+		// recorded here.
+		if strings.TrimSpace(req.UpstreamURL) == "" {
+			req.UpstreamURL = record.UpstreamURL
+		} else if req.UpstreamURL != record.UpstreamURL {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("agent network provider %s listed against caller-supplied upstream %s by user %s",
+				recordID, req.UpstreamURL, userID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	models, err := m.modelDiscovery.Fetch(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, discoveryFailure(ctx, req.CatalogID, err)
+	}
+	return models, nil
+}
+
+// CreateProvider persists a new provider for the account. Providers have no
+// settings side effects: the account's endpoint is bootstrapped separately and
+// explicitly via CreateSettings, and every provider in the account routes
+// through it.
+func (m *managerImpl) CreateProvider(ctx context.Context, userID string, provider *types.Provider) (*types.Provider, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, provider.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// An empty api_key would silently produce a synthesised service
+	// that 401s on every upstream request. Surface the misconfiguration
+	// at create time instead.
+	if strings.TrimSpace(provider.APIKey) == "" {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "api_key is required when creating an agent network provider")
+	}
+	// Stored as it will be sent. The vendor call below trims the key before
+	// building the auth header while the synthesiser substitutes the stored
+	// value verbatim, so a key pasted with surrounding whitespace would pass
+	// its check and then fail every request the provider serves.
+	provider.APIKey = strings.TrimSpace(provider.APIKey)
+
+	// Before anything is persisted: a record whose upstream or credential does
+	// not work is rejected here rather than discovered later as a failed
+	// request with nothing pointing back at it.
+	if err := m.checkProviderCredential(ctx, provider); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if provider.ID == "" {
+		fresh := types.NewProvider(provider.AccountID)
+		provider.ID = fresh.ID
+		provider.CreatedAt = fresh.CreatedAt
+		provider.UpdatedAt = fresh.UpdatedAt
+	}
+
+	if err := ensureSessionKeys(provider); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := m.store.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("save agent network provider: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, provider.ID, provider.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkProviderCreated, provider.EventMeta())
+	m.reconcile(ctx, provider.AccountID)
+
+	return provider, nil
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) UpdateProvider(ctx context.Context, userID string, provider *types.Provider) (*types.Provider, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, provider.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	existing, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, provider.AccountID, provider.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get agent network provider: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Preserve the API key if the caller didn't rotate it. A
+	// whitespace-only value is treated as "not rotated" rather than a
+	// real key, but it must not silently overwrite a valid stored key.
+	switch trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(provider.APIKey); {
+	case provider.APIKey == "":
+		// Trimmed on the way through: a record stored before keys were
+		// normalised carries whitespace the proxy still sends, and an edit
+		// that preserves the key is the occasion to repair it. Doing so makes
+		// the comparison below see a change, which is correct — that key has
+		// never been tested in the form it is about to be sent in.
+		provider.APIKey = strings.TrimSpace(existing.APIKey)
+	case trimmed == "":
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "api_key must be non-blank when rotating an agent network provider")
+	default:
+		// See CreateProvider: the key is stored in the form the proxy will
+		// send, so the check below tests what the provider will actually use.
+		provider.APIKey = trimmed
+	}
+
+	// Only the fields the vendor would judge are worth a round-trip. This same
+	// call carries renames, model rows and price edits, and none of those
+	// should wait on a vendor — or be refused because one is having a bad day.
+	//
+	// The catalog entry counts as one of them: it decides which vendor is
+	// asked, under which auth header, so moving a record from one to another
+	// sends an unchanged credential somewhere it has never been accepted.
+	//
+	// The comparison runs after the merge above, so an update that changes only
+	// the URL reads as unchanged on the key and is checked against the stored
+	// one, which is the only credential the operator has to offer here.
+	//
+	// Turning TLS verification back on is the fourth: the record was stored
+	// unchecked precisely because that flag was set, so this is the first
+	// moment it can be checked at all, and nothing else about it need change
+	// for that to be true.
+	if provider.UpstreamURL != existing.UpstreamURL ||
+		provider.APIKey != existing.APIKey ||
+		provider.ProviderID != existing.ProviderID ||
+		(existing.SkipTLSVerification && !provider.SkipTLSVerification) {
+		if err := m.checkProviderCredential(ctx, provider); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Always preserve the session keypair across updates so existing
+	// session cookies stay valid. The keys are server-managed and
+	// never surfaced through the API.
+	provider.SessionPrivateKey = existing.SessionPrivateKey
+	provider.SessionPublicKey = existing.SessionPublicKey
+	if err := ensureSessionKeys(provider); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	provider.CreatedAt = existing.CreatedAt
+	provider.UpdatedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+
+	if err := m.store.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("save agent network provider: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, provider.ID, provider.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkProviderUpdated, provider.EventMeta())
+	m.reconcile(ctx, provider.AccountID)
+
+	return provider, nil
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) DeleteProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, providerID string) error {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Delete); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	provider, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, providerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get agent network provider: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Refuse to delete while any policy still references this provider.
+	// The operator must detach it first.
+	policies, err := m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get agent network policies: %w", err)
+	}
+	var blocking []string
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if slices.Contains(p.DestinationProviderIDs, providerID) {
+			blocking = append(blocking, p.Name)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(blocking) > 0 {
+		return status.Errorf(
+			status.InvalidArgument,
+			"provider is in use by %d %s (%s); detach it before deleting",
+			len(blocking),
+			pluralize(len(blocking), "policy", "policies"),
+			strings.Join(blocking, ", "),
+		)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.store.DeleteAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, accountID, providerID); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete agent network provider: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, providerID, accountID, activity.AgentNetworkProviderDeleted, provider.EventMeta())
+	m.reconcile(ctx, accountID)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func pluralize(n int, singular, plural string) string {
+	if n == 1 {
+		return singular
+	}
+	return plural
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) GetAllPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Policy, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkPolicies, operations.Read); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, policyID string) (*types.Policy, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkPolicies, operations.Read); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m.store.GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, policyID)
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, userID string, policy *types.Policy) (*types.Policy, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, policy.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkPolicies, operations.Create); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if policy.ID == "" {
+		fresh := types.NewPolicy(policy.AccountID)
+		policy.ID = fresh.ID
+		policy.CreatedAt = fresh.CreatedAt
+		policy.UpdatedAt = fresh.UpdatedAt
+	}
+
+	if err := m.validateProviderRefs(ctx, policy.AccountID, policy.DestinationProviderIDs); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := m.store.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save agent network policy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, policy.ID, policy.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkPolicyCreated, policy.EventMeta())
+	m.reconcile(ctx, policy.AccountID)
+
+	return policy, nil
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) UpdatePolicy(ctx context.Context, userID string, policy *types.Policy) (*types.Policy, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, policy.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkPolicies, operations.Update); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	existing, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, policy.AccountID, policy.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get agent network policy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.validateProviderRefs(ctx, policy.AccountID, policy.DestinationProviderIDs); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	policy.CreatedAt = existing.CreatedAt
+	policy.UpdatedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+
+	if err := m.store.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save agent network policy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, policy.ID, policy.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkPolicyUpdated, policy.EventMeta())
+	m.reconcile(ctx, policy.AccountID)
+
+	return policy, nil
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, policyID string) error {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkPolicies, operations.Delete); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	policy, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, policyID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get agent network policy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.store.DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, accountID, policyID); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete agent network policy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, policyID, accountID, activity.AgentNetworkPolicyDeleted, policy.EventMeta())
+	m.reconcile(ctx, accountID)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) GetAllGuardrails(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkGuardrails, operations.Read); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) GetGuardrail(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, guardrailID string) (*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkGuardrails, operations.Read); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m.store.GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, guardrailID)
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) CreateGuardrail(ctx context.Context, userID string, guardrail *types.Guardrail) (*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, guardrail.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkGuardrails, operations.Create); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if guardrail.ID == "" {
+		fresh := types.NewGuardrail(guardrail.AccountID)
+		guardrail.ID = fresh.ID
+		guardrail.CreatedAt = fresh.CreatedAt
+		guardrail.UpdatedAt = fresh.UpdatedAt
+	}
+
+	if err := m.store.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, guardrail); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save agent network guardrail: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, guardrail.ID, guardrail.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkGuardrailCreated, guardrail.EventMeta())
+	m.reconcile(ctx, guardrail.AccountID)
+
+	return guardrail, nil
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) UpdateGuardrail(ctx context.Context, userID string, guardrail *types.Guardrail) (*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, guardrail.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkGuardrails, operations.Update); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	existing, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, guardrail.AccountID, guardrail.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get agent network guardrail: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	guardrail.CreatedAt = existing.CreatedAt
+	guardrail.UpdatedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+
+	if err := m.store.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, guardrail); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save agent network guardrail: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, guardrail.ID, guardrail.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkGuardrailUpdated, guardrail.EventMeta())
+	m.reconcile(ctx, guardrail.AccountID)
+
+	return guardrail, nil
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) DeleteGuardrail(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, guardrailID string) error {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkGuardrails, operations.Delete); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	guardrail, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, guardrailID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get agent network guardrail: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.store.DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, accountID, guardrailID); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete agent network guardrail: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, guardrailID, accountID, activity.AgentNetworkGuardrailDeleted, guardrail.EventMeta())
+	m.reconcile(ctx, accountID)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetAllBudgetRules returns every account-level budget rule for the account.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetAllBudgetRules(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkBudgets, operations.Read); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetBudgetRule returns a single account-level budget rule.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, ruleID string) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkBudgets, operations.Read); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m.store.GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, ruleID)
+}
+
+// CreateBudgetRule persists a new account-level budget rule. Budget rules are
+// enforced at request time (CheckLLMPolicyLimits), not baked into the synth
+// proxy config, so no reconcile is needed.
+func (m *managerImpl) CreateBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, userID string, rule *types.AccountBudgetRule) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, rule.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkBudgets, operations.Create); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if rule.ID == "" {
+		fresh := types.NewAccountBudgetRule(rule.AccountID)
+		rule.ID = fresh.ID
+		rule.CreatedAt = fresh.CreatedAt
+		rule.UpdatedAt = fresh.UpdatedAt
+	}
+
+	if err := m.store.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, rule); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("save agent network budget rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, rule.ID, rule.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkBudgetRuleCreated, rule.EventMeta())
+
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+// UpdateBudgetRule updates an existing account-level budget rule.
+func (m *managerImpl) UpdateBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, userID string, rule *types.AccountBudgetRule) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, rule.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkBudgets, operations.Update); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	existing, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, rule.AccountID, rule.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get agent network budget rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	rule.CreatedAt = existing.CreatedAt
+	rule.UpdatedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+
+	if err := m.store.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, rule); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("save agent network budget rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, rule.ID, rule.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkBudgetRuleUpdated, rule.EventMeta())
+
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+// DeleteBudgetRule removes an account-level budget rule.
+func (m *managerImpl) DeleteBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, ruleID string) error {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkBudgets, operations.Delete); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	rule, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, ruleID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get agent network budget rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.store.DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, accountID, ruleID); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("delete agent network budget rule: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, ruleID, accountID, activity.AgentNetworkBudgetRuleDeleted, rule.EventMeta())
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// UpdateSettings replaces the mutable account-level settings — the collection
+// toggles and retention — on the account's row. The identity fields (Domain,
+// ProxyAddress) are assigned at bootstrap (CreateSettings) and immutable: the
+// request carries them, matching the PUT convention of every other endpoint,
+// but they are only compared against the stored row — a request carrying
+// different values is rejected, and the stored values are never overwritten.
+// When the account has no settings row yet the update fails with NotFound.
+// Because the collection toggles change the synthesised service config
+// (prompt-capture gating, access-log emission), a reconcile is triggered so
+// the proxy and peer network maps converge on the new state.
+func (m *managerImpl) UpdateSettings(ctx context.Context, userID string, settings *types.Settings) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, settings.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Update); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// The row lock from LockingStrengthUpdate only holds for the duration of
+	// the surrounding transaction, so the read and the save must share one —
+	// otherwise concurrent PUTs could interleave between them.
+	var updated *types.Settings
+	err := m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(tx store.Store) error {
+		existing, err := tx.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, settings.AccountID)
+		switch {
+		case err == nil:
+		case isNotFound(err):
+			return status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "agent network settings have not been bootstrapped yet; POST /api/agent-network/settings to bootstrap them")
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("get agent network settings: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// The identity echo is compared leniently (trimmed, case-insensitive):
+		// the stored values are normalized lowercase, and a client replaying a
+		// GET response must never be rejected over casing it didn't choose.
+		if !hostnamesEquivalent(settings.Domain, existing.Domain) {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "endpoint is immutable: it must match the assigned endpoint %q; delete the settings to release it and bootstrap again", existing.Domain)
+		}
+		if !hostnamesEquivalent(settings.ProxyAddress, existing.ProxyAddress) {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "proxy_address is immutable: it must match the assigned proxy address %q; delete the settings to release it and bootstrap again", existing.ProxyAddress)
+		}
+
+		existing.EnableLogCollection = settings.EnableLogCollection
+		existing.EnablePromptCollection = settings.EnablePromptCollection
+		existing.RedactPii = settings.RedactPii
+		existing.AccessLogRetentionDays = settings.AccessLogRetentionDays
+		existing.UpdatedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+
+		if err := tx.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, existing); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("save agent network settings: %w", err)
+		}
+		updated = existing
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, settings.AccountID, settings.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkSettingsUpdated, map[string]any{
+		"log_collection":    updated.EnableLogCollection,
+		"prompt_collection": updated.EnablePromptCollection,
+		"redact_pii":        updated.RedactPii,
+	})
+	m.reconcile(ctx, settings.AccountID)
+
+	return updated, nil
+}
+
+// hostnamesEquivalent reports whether a caller-supplied hostname names the
+// same host as a stored (normalized, lowercase) one: equal after trimming and
+// case folding. No structural validation — an arbitrary mismatch and a
+// malformed value are both simply "not the assigned value".
+func hostnamesEquivalent(supplied, stored string) bool {
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(supplied), stored)
+}
+
+// DeleteSettings removes the account's settings row, releasing the endpoint.
+// Two guards make this a bootstrap-repair operation rather than a way to tear
+// down a serving gateway, both re-checked under the row lock:
+//
+//   - No Agent Network providers may exist for the account. Providers route
+//     through the endpoint; delete them first.
+//   - No proxy may be actively serving the endpoint — that is, no active proxy
+//     declares the endpoint hostname as its cluster address. This is the
+//     dedicated (self-addressed) shape's guard: the proxy at the address IS
+//     this account's gateway. A labeled endpoint hangs beneath a shared
+//     cluster's address, and with the account's providers already gone the
+//     shared proxy serves nothing of the account's, so the parent cluster
+//     being up does not block the delete.
+//
+// Bootstrapping again after a delete allocates fresh — the released hostname
+// is not reserved. That full-reset semantic is what gives clients that model
+// immutability as replace-on-change (e.g. Terraform's RequiresReplace) a real
+// path: tear down providers, delete, re-create.
+func (m *managerImpl) DeleteSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) error {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Delete); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var deleted *types.Settings
+	err := m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(tx store.Store) error {
+		existing, err := tx.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID)
+		switch {
+		case err == nil:
+		case isNotFound(err):
+			return status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "agent network settings have not been bootstrapped yet; there is nothing to delete")
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("get agent network settings: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		providers, err := tx.GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("get agent network providers: %w", err)
+		}
+		if len(providers) > 0 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "agent network settings cannot be deleted while %d provider(s) exist; delete the providers first", len(providers))
+		}
+
+		serving, err := tx.HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress(ctx, existing.Domain)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("check for a proxy serving the endpoint: %w", err)
+		}
+		if serving {
+			return status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "agent network settings cannot be deleted while a proxy is actively serving the endpoint %q", existing.Domain)
+		}
+
+		if err := tx.DeleteAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("delete agent network settings: %w", err)
+		}
+		deleted = existing
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AgentNetworkSettingsDeleted, map[string]any{
+		"endpoint":      deleted.Domain,
+		"proxy_address": deleted.ProxyAddress,
+	})
+	m.reconcile(ctx, accountID)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// isNotFound reports whether err is a status.NotFound error.
+func isNotFound(err error) bool {
+	var sErr *status.Error
+	return errors.As(err, &sErr) && sErr.Type() == status.NotFound
+}
+
+// validateProviderRefs ensures every destination provider id refers to a
+// provider that exists in the same account.
+func (m *managerImpl) validateProviderRefs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, providerIDs []string) error {
+	if len(providerIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	for _, id := range providerIDs {
+		if _, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, id); err != nil {
+			// Only a genuine not-found means the reference is invalid; a
+			// store/runtime error must propagate as-is rather than be
+			// masked as a client validation error.
+			var sErr *status.Error
+			if errors.As(err, &sErr) && sErr.Type() == status.NotFound {
+				return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "destination_provider_ids: provider %s does not exist", id)
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("get destination provider %s: %w", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetSettings returns the agent-network settings row for the account. When no
+// row has been bootstrapped yet, the defaults are returned (without
+// persisting) with cluster and subdomain empty — settings always read as an
+// object, like the account and DNS settings endpoints.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Read); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	settings, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return settings, nil
+	case isNotFound(err):
+		return types.DefaultSettings(accountID), nil
+	default:
+		return nil, err
+	}
+}
+
+// maxDomainAllocationAttempts bounds the label search when bootstrapping a
+// labeled endpoint. Package-level (rather than function-local) so tests can
+// assert on the exhaustion path without duplicating the literal.
+const maxDomainAllocationAttempts = 10
+
+// CreateSettings bootstraps the per-account settings row, assigning the
+// account's immutable endpoint. Exactly one of proxyAddress and endpoint must
+// be non-empty: proxyAddress allocates a labeled endpoint one label beneath
+// the given cluster address; endpoint claims the given hostname verbatim as a
+// self-addressed (dedicated) endpoint — a legitimate claim before any proxy
+// declares the address (address-first). settings carries the account ID and
+// the initial collection toggles; its identity fields are assigned here.
+func (m *managerImpl) CreateSettings(ctx context.Context, userID string, settings *types.Settings, proxyAddress, endpoint string) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	if settings == nil || settings.AccountID == "" {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "account id is required")
+	}
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, settings.AccountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	hasProxyAddress := strings.TrimSpace(proxyAddress) != ""
+	hasEndpoint := strings.TrimSpace(endpoint) != ""
+	if hasProxyAddress == hasEndpoint {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "exactly one of proxy_address and endpoint is required")
+	}
+
+	// Fail fast on an existing row for a clean 409; the insert below stays
+	// the authority against concurrent bootstraps (the primary key wins).
+	if _, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, settings.AccountID); err == nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.AlreadyExists, "agent network settings already bootstrapped for account %s", settings.AccountID)
+	} else if !isNotFound(err) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get agent network settings: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	settings.CreatedAt = now
+	settings.UpdatedAt = now
+
+	var err error
+	if hasEndpoint {
+		err = m.bootstrapSelfAddressed(ctx, settings, endpoint)
+	} else {
+		err = m.bootstrapLabeled(ctx, settings, proxyAddress)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, settings.AccountID, settings.AccountID, activity.AgentNetworkSettingsUpdated, map[string]any{
+		"bootstrapped": true,
+		"endpoint":     settings.Domain,
+		"dedicated":    settings.Dedicated(),
+	})
+	m.reconcile(ctx, settings.AccountID)
+
+	return settings, nil
+}
+
+// bootstrapSelfAddressed claims the given hostname as the account's endpoint,
+// served only by a proxy declaring exactly that address (Domain ==
+// ProxyAddress). The domain unique index is the arbiter of availability.
+func (m *managerImpl) bootstrapSelfAddressed(ctx context.Context, settings *types.Settings, endpoint string) error {
+	hostname, err := types.NormalizeHostname(endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "invalid endpoint: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	settings.Domain = hostname
+	settings.ProxyAddress = hostname
+	if err := m.store.CreateAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings); err != nil {
+		if isUniqueConstraintError(err) {
+			// The violation is either the account primary key (a concurrent
+			// bootstrap for the same account won) or the domain index
+			// (another account holds the hostname). Distinguish by re-read.
+			if _, getErr := m.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, settings.AccountID); getErr == nil {
+				return status.Errorf(status.AlreadyExists, "agent network settings already bootstrapped for account %s", settings.AccountID)
+			}
+			return status.Errorf(status.AlreadyExists, "endpoint %s is already taken", hostname)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("create agent network settings: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// bootstrapLabeled allocates a labeled endpoint one label beneath the given
+// cluster address: Domain = <label>.<proxyAddress>, served by whichever proxy
+// declares the parent. Labels are adjective-noun tuples; a candidate is
+// checked by read and the domain unique index stays the authority, so a
+// concurrent allocation of the same tuple surfaces as a unique violation and
+// another tuple is drawn.
+func (m *managerImpl) bootstrapLabeled(ctx context.Context, settings *types.Settings, proxyAddress string) error {
+	parent, err := types.NormalizeHostname(proxyAddress)
+	if err != nil {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "invalid proxy_address: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxDomainAllocationAttempts; attempt++ {
+		label := labelgen.PickTuple()
+		if label == "" {
+			// Only reachable if either word pool were emptied. An empty label
+			// would produce a broken endpoint like ".example.com", so fail
+			// loudly rather than looping or inserting.
+			return fmt.Errorf("allocate agent network endpoint for account %s: label generator returned an empty label", settings.AccountID)
+		}
+
+		candidate, err := types.NormalizeHostname(label + "." + parent)
+		if err != nil {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "proxy_address leaves no room for a label: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		_, err = m.store.GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, candidate)
+		if err == nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("agent-network endpoint %q taken, retrying (attempt %d/%d)", candidate, attempt, maxDomainAllocationAttempts)
+			continue
+		}
+		if !isNotFound(err) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("check agent network endpoint availability: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		settings.Domain = candidate
+		settings.ProxyAddress = parent
+		if err := m.store.CreateAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings); err != nil {
+			if isUniqueConstraintError(err) {
+				// A concurrent bootstrap for the same account may have won on
+				// the primary key — return the conflict. A lost race on the
+				// domain index just means the tuple was taken between the
+				// read and the insert: draw another.
+				if _, getErr := m.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, settings.AccountID); getErr == nil {
+					return status.Errorf(status.AlreadyExists, "agent network settings already bootstrapped for account %s", settings.AccountID)
+				}
+				log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("agent-network endpoint %q lost an allocation race, retrying (attempt %d/%d)", candidate, attempt, maxDomainAllocationAttempts)
+				continue
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("create agent network settings: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("allocate agent network endpoint for account %s: %d attempts exhausted", settings.AccountID, maxDomainAllocationAttempts)
+}
+
+// isUniqueConstraintError reports whether err is a database unique-constraint
+// violation, matched on the driver message because CreateAgentNetworkSettings
+// deliberately returns the driver error unwrapped.
+func isUniqueConstraintError(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	msg := err.Error()
+	return strings.Contains(msg, "(SQLSTATE 23505)") || // postgres
+		strings.Contains(msg, "Error 1062 (23000)") || // mysql
+		strings.Contains(msg, "UNIQUE constraint failed") // sqlite
+}
+
+// ListConsumption returns every consumption row recorded for the
+// account, ordered window-newest-first. Backs the dashboard's basic
+// counter view; permission gate is the same Read role that gates
+// every other agent-network surface.
+func (m *managerImpl) ListConsumption(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Consumption, error) {
+	if err := m.requirePermission(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkUsage, operations.Read); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m.store.ListAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+}
+
+// ListAccessLogs returns a paginated, server-side-filtered page of
+// agent-network access logs plus the total count matching the filter.
+// Callers without the account-wide logs grant get a self-scoped page —
+// only their own requests — instead of a denial.
+func (m *managerImpl) ListAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog, int64, error) {
+	filter, err := m.scopeFilterToCaller(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkLogs, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return m.store.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, filter)
+}
+
+// ListAccessLogSessions returns a paginated, server-side-filtered page of
+// agent-network access logs grouped by session, plus the total number of
+// sessions matching the filter. Self-scoped like ListAccessLogs for
+// callers without the account-wide logs grant.
+func (m *managerImpl) ListAccessLogSessions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, int64, error) {
+	filter, err := m.scopeFilterToCaller(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkLogs, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return m.store.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, filter)
+}
+
+// GetUsageOverview returns the filtered usage rows aggregated into time buckets
+// at the requested granularity, oldest-first. Callers without the
+// account-wide usage grant get their own rows aggregated instead of a
+// denial, so the dashboard serves "my usage" from the same endpoint.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetUsageOverview(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter, granularity types.UsageGranularity) ([]*types.AgentNetworkUsageBucket, error) {
+	filter, err := m.scopeFilterToCaller(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.AgentNetworkUsage, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rows, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, filter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return types.AggregateUsageByGranularity(rows, granularity), nil
+}
+
+// scopeFilterToCaller applies the account-wide read gate for module and,
+// when the caller lacks the grant, pins the filter to the caller instead
+// of denying: their own user id replaces any requested one and group
+// filters are dropped. A caller may always see their own rows — strictly
+// tighter than any role gate — which is what lets every authenticated
+// user read their usage and requests through the regular endpoints.
+// Validation errors (not denials) still fail closed.
+func (m *managerImpl) scopeFilterToCaller(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) (types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter, error) {
+	ok, _, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, module, operations.Read)
+	if err != nil {
+		return filter, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		filter.UserID = &userID
+		filter.GroupIDs = nil
+	}
+	return filter, nil
+}
+
+// StartAccessLogCleanup launches a background sweep that periodically deletes
+// each account's agent-network access-log rows older than that account's
+// AccessLogRetentionDays. Usage records are never swept. A non-positive
+// interval defaults to 24h.
+func (m *managerImpl) StartAccessLogCleanup(ctx context.Context, cleanupIntervalHours int) {
+	if cleanupIntervalHours <= 0 {
+		cleanupIntervalHours = 24
+	}
+	interval := time.Duration(cleanupIntervalHours) * time.Hour
+
+	go func() {
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+
+		m.cleanupAccessLogsOnce(ctx) // run once on startup
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				m.cleanupAccessLogsOnce(ctx)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// cleanupAccessLogsOnce sweeps every account's expired access-log rows against
+// its configured retention. Best-effort: a per-account failure is logged and
+// the sweep continues.
+func (m *managerImpl) cleanupAccessLogsOnce(ctx context.Context) {
+	settings, err := m.store.GetAllAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("agent-network access-log cleanup: list settings: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	for _, s := range settings {
+		if s.AccessLogRetentionDays <= 0 {
+			continue // keep indefinitely
+		}
+		cutoff := time.Now().UTC().AddDate(0, 0, -s.AccessLogRetentionDays)
+		deleted, err := m.store.DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, s.AccountID, cutoff)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("agent-network access-log cleanup for account %s: %v", s.AccountID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if deleted > 0 {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("agent-network access-log cleanup: deleted %d rows for account %s (retention %d days)", deleted, s.AccountID, s.AccessLogRetentionDays)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// RecordConsumption increments the (dim, window) counter by the
+// supplied deltas. The window_start is computed from time.Now under
+// the supplied window_seconds so callers don't have to pre-align —
+// the proxy's post-flight path simply hands us tokens + cost and
+// which dimension we're booking against.
+func (m *managerImpl) RecordConsumption(ctx context.Context, accountID string, kind types.ConsumptionDimension, dimID string, windowSeconds, tokensIn, tokensOut int64, costUSD float64) error {
+	if accountID == "" || dimID == "" || windowSeconds <= 0 {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "account_id, dim_id and window_seconds must be set")
+	}
+	windowStart := types.WindowStart(time.Now(), windowSeconds)
+	return m.store.IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx, accountID, kind, dimID, windowSeconds, windowStart, tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD)
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) requirePermission(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, op operations.Operation) error {
+	ok, _, err := m.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, module, op)
+	if err != nil {
+		return status.NewPermissionValidationError(err)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		return status.NewPermissionDeniedError()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type mockManager struct{}
+
+// NewManagerMock returns a no-op manager useful for tests.
+func NewManagerMock() Manager {
+	return &mockManager{}
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) GetAllProviders(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]*types.Provider, error) {
+	return []*types.Provider{}, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) DiscoverProviderModels(_ context.Context, _, _ string, _ modeldiscovery.Request, _ string) ([]modeldiscovery.Model, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) GetProvider(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) (*types.Provider, error) {
+	return &types.Provider{}, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) CreateProvider(_ context.Context, _ string, p *types.Provider) (*types.Provider, error) {
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) UpdateProvider(_ context.Context, _ string, p *types.Provider) (*types.Provider, error) {
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) DeleteProvider(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error { return nil }
+
+func (*mockManager) GetAllPolicies(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]*types.Policy, error) {
+	return []*types.Policy{}, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) GetPolicy(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) (*types.Policy, error) {
+	return &types.Policy{}, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) CreatePolicy(_ context.Context, _ string, p *types.Policy) (*types.Policy, error) {
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) UpdatePolicy(_ context.Context, _ string, p *types.Policy) (*types.Policy, error) {
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) DeletePolicy(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error { return nil }
+
+func (*mockManager) GetAllGuardrails(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	return []*types.Guardrail{}, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) GetGuardrail(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) (*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	return &types.Guardrail{}, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) CreateGuardrail(_ context.Context, _ string, g *types.Guardrail) (*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	return g, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) UpdateGuardrail(_ context.Context, _ string, g *types.Guardrail) (*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	return g, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) DeleteGuardrail(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error { return nil }
+
+func (*mockManager) GetAllBudgetRules(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	return []*types.AccountBudgetRule{}, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) GetBudgetRule(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	return &types.AccountBudgetRule{}, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) CreateBudgetRule(_ context.Context, _ string, r *types.AccountBudgetRule) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) UpdateBudgetRule(_ context.Context, _ string, r *types.AccountBudgetRule) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) DeleteBudgetRule(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error { return nil }
+
+func (*mockManager) GetSettings(_ context.Context, accountID, _ string) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	return types.DefaultSettings(accountID), nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) CreateSettings(_ context.Context, _ string, s *types.Settings, proxyAddress, endpoint string) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	if endpoint != "" {
+		s.Domain = endpoint
+		s.ProxyAddress = endpoint
+	} else {
+		s.Domain = "mock." + proxyAddress
+		s.ProxyAddress = proxyAddress
+	}
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) UpdateSettings(_ context.Context, _ string, s *types.Settings) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) DeleteSettings(_ context.Context, _, _ string) error { return nil }
+
+func (*mockManager) ListConsumption(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]*types.Consumption, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) ListAccessLogs(_ context.Context, _, _ string, _ types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog, int64, error) {
+	return nil, 0, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) ListAccessLogSessions(_ context.Context, _, _ string, _ types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, int64, error) {
+	return nil, 0, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) GetUsageOverview(_ context.Context, _, _ string, _ types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter, _ types.UsageGranularity) ([]*types.AgentNetworkUsageBucket, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) StartAccessLogCleanup(_ context.Context, _ int) {}
+
+func (*mockManager) RecordConsumption(_ context.Context, _ string, _ types.ConsumptionDimension, _ string, _, _, _ int64, _ float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) RecordAccountBudgetUsage(_ context.Context, _, _ string, _ []string, _, _ int64, _ float64) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (*mockManager) RecordUsage(_ context.Context, _ RecordUsageInput) error {
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/discovery.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/discovery.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9779a084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/discovery.go
@@ -0,0 +1,521 @@
+// Package modeldiscovery asks a vendor which models an operator's own
+// credential can reach, so the provider form can offer a live list instead of
+// only the catalog's hand-curated one.
+//
+// The catalog cannot know two things that matter. It goes stale — its entries
+// carry comments tracking which models a vendor retired on which date — and it
+// cannot see an account: which OpenAI models an org is entitled to, which
+// Bedrock inference profiles a given account and region hold, which Vertex
+// models a project has enabled. Those are exactly the facts an operator needs
+// when filling in a provider record, and only the vendor has them.
+//
+// The vendor is authoritative for the model ID. The catalog remains
+// authoritative for pricing, and a discovered model the catalog cannot price
+// is reported as such rather than silently registered at a rate of zero.
+package modeldiscovery
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing"
+)
+
+const (
+	// fetchTimeout bounds one vendor call end to end. A listing is a single
+	// small GET; anything slower is a vendor problem and the operator is
+	// waiting on a form.
+	fetchTimeout = 8 * time.Second
+	// maxListingBytes bounds the response we will buffer. The largest real
+	// listing observed is Bedrock's foundation-model catalogue at ~70KB, so
+	// this is a wide margin over anything legitimate.
+	maxListingBytes = 2 << 20
+	// gcpScope matches the scope llm_router mints Vertex tokens under, so a
+	// credential that works for discovery works for inference too.
+	gcpScope = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+	// vertexKeyfilePrefix marks an api_key that is a base64 service-account
+	// JSON key rather than a bearer token.
+	vertexKeyfilePrefix = "keyfile::"
+)
+
+// ErrNoDiscovery is returned for a catalog entry that declares no listing
+// endpoint. The caller should fall back to the catalog list plus free-text
+// entry rather than treating this as a failure.
+var ErrNoDiscovery = errors.New("provider has no model-discovery endpoint")
+
+// ErrInvalidRequest marks a discovery failure caused by the caller's own input
+// rather than by the vendor or by this server. Every one of these is reachable
+// from a well-formed request carrying a bad field value, so the handler owes
+// the caller a 400 — a 500 would both misinform them and bury real server
+// faults in the error rate.
+var ErrInvalidRequest = errors.New("invalid discovery request")
+
+// Model is one discovered model.
+type Model struct {
+	// ID is the identifier to register on the provider record, in the form the
+	// vendor issues it. For Bedrock that is the region-prefixed inference
+	// profile id, which is the only form AWS accepts at invoke time.
+	ID string
+	// Label is the vendor's display name where it supplies one.
+	Label string
+	// PricingKnown reports whether the shipped pricing table can price this
+	// model. False means the operator must set rates, or the request would
+	// meter at zero.
+	PricingKnown bool
+	// The rates below are the defaults for this model, taken from the same
+	// table the proxy bills with, so the form prefills exactly what a request
+	// would cost. All zero when PricingKnown is false — an unpriced model is
+	// offered at zero and flagged, rather than withheld: the vendor says the
+	// credential can reach it, and refusing to show it would hide a model the
+	// operator genuinely has.
+	InputPer1k         float64
+	OutputPer1k        float64
+	CachedInputPer1k   float64
+	CacheReadPer1k     float64
+	CacheCreationPer1k float64
+}
+
+// Request identifies which vendor to ask and with what credential.
+type Request struct {
+	// CatalogID selects the catalog entry, which supplies the endpoint, the
+	// auth header and the response shape. The caller never supplies those.
+	CatalogID string
+	// UpstreamURL is the provider record's configured upstream. It is used
+	// only when the catalog entry declares no discovery host of its own.
+	UpstreamURL string
+	// Region substitutes the catalog host's <region> placeholder.
+	Region string
+	// APIKey is the operator's credential, exactly as stored on the record.
+	APIKey string
+}
+
+// Client fetches model listings. The zero value is usable; Resolver and
+// HTTPClient exist so tests can drive it against a local server.
+type Client struct {
+	HTTPClient *http.Client
+	// Resolver looks up the host for the SSRF check. Nil uses the default.
+	Resolver *net.Resolver
+	// AllowPrivateHosts disables the private-address guard. Only tests set it:
+	// their server is on loopback, which is precisely what the guard blocks.
+	AllowPrivateHosts bool
+}
+
+// Fetch returns the models the credential can reach.
+func (c *Client) Fetch(ctx context.Context, req Request) ([]Model, error) {
+	entry, ok := catalog.Lookup(req.CatalogID)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: unknown catalog provider %q", ErrInvalidRequest, req.CatalogID)
+	}
+	if entry.Discovery == nil {
+		return nil, ErrNoDiscovery
+	}
+
+	// One deadline over the whole operation. Both host lookups and the request
+	// itself run under it, so a vendor cannot be slow twice, and a caller that
+	// gives up is not left waiting on a resolver.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, fetchTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// An entry with a listing host of its own answers from somewhere other
+	// than the upstream on the record — Bedrock lists from the control plane
+	// and infers on the runtime host. Reaching the listing therefore proves
+	// nothing about the host requests will actually go to, so that one is
+	// checked separately or not at all.
+	if entry.Discovery.Host != "" {
+		if err := c.checkUpstreamHost(ctx, entry, req.UpstreamURL); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	endpoint, err := c.discoveryURL(ctx, entry, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, endpoint, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("build discovery request: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := applyAuth(httpReq, entry, req.APIKey); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for name, value := range entry.Discovery.Headers {
+		httpReq.Header.Set(name, value)
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient().Do(httpReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, &UnreachableError{Provider: entry.Name, Err: err}
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, maxListingBytes))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read %s listing: %w", entry.Name, err)
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		// Surface the vendor's own status. An operator whose key lacks a scope
+		// needs to see 403 rather than a generic failure.
+		return nil, &VendorStatusError{Provider: entry.Name, Status: resp.StatusCode}
+	}
+
+	ids, err := parseListing(entry.Discovery.Shape, body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return decorate(entry, ids), nil
+}
+
+// discoveryURL builds the listing URL and refuses one that does not point at a
+// public host.
+//
+// The path, query and (for Bedrock) the host all come from the catalog rather
+// than from the caller, so the only operator-controlled part is the host of an
+// entry whose listing lives on its own upstream. That still has to be checked:
+// management holds credentials for every provider, and an upstream pointed at
+// an internal address would turn this endpoint into a probe of the management
+// server's own network.
+func (c *Client) discoveryURL(ctx context.Context, entry catalog.Provider, req Request) (string, error) {
+	host := entry.Discovery.Host
+	if host == "" {
+		parsed, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(req.UpstreamURL))
+		if err != nil || parsed.Host == "" {
+			// The URL is left out of the message on purpose: it reaches the
+			// operator through an endpoint that does not lowercase it, but the
+			// rest of this feature's copy never echoes what they typed, and one
+			// path that does is the one that ends up quoted in a bug report.
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: the provider upstream is not a usable URL", ErrInvalidRequest)
+		}
+		host = parsed.Host
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(host, catalog.RegionPlaceholder) {
+		region := strings.TrimSpace(req.Region)
+		if region == "" {
+			// A provider record carries no region field: the region lives
+			// inside the upstream host the operator already configured, so
+			// read it back out rather than asking them for it twice.
+			region = RegionFromUpstream(entry, req.UpstreamURL)
+		}
+		if region == "" {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %w: %s discovery needs a region, and none could be read from the provider upstream",
+				ErrInvalidRequest, ErrNoDiscoveryHost, entry.Name)
+		}
+		host = strings.ReplaceAll(host, catalog.RegionPlaceholder, region)
+	}
+
+	target := &url.URL{Scheme: "https", Host: host, Path: entry.Discovery.Path, RawQuery: entry.Discovery.Query}
+	if err := c.classifyHost(ctx, entry, target.Hostname()); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return target.String(), nil
+}
+
+// checkUpstreamHost verifies the host the operator configured, for entries
+// whose listing lives elsewhere and so cannot vouch for it.
+//
+// A name that does not resolve is the record being wrong. One that resolves
+// privately is not: an upstream behind a proxy is a supported configuration,
+// and ErrPrivateHost carries that difference on to the caller, which treats it
+// as unverifiable rather than as a failure.
+func (c *Client) checkUpstreamHost(ctx context.Context, entry catalog.Provider, upstreamURL string) error {
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(upstreamURL))
+	if err != nil || parsed.Hostname() == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: the provider upstream is not a usable URL", ErrInvalidRequest)
+	}
+	return c.classifyHost(ctx, entry, parsed.Hostname())
+}
+
+// classifyHost renders a failed host check as the two outcomes the caller
+// distinguishes. A host that refuses to resolve is the commonest way for an
+// upstream to be wrong and has to arrive as unreachable rather than as an
+// unclassified fault. ErrPrivateHost means something else entirely — not a bad
+// host, one we decline to dial.
+func (c *Client) classifyHost(ctx context.Context, entry catalog.Provider, host string) error {
+	err := c.checkPublicHost(ctx, host)
+	if err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrPrivateHost) {
+		return err
+	}
+	return &UnreachableError{Provider: entry.Name, Err: err}
+}
+
+// RegionFromUpstream recovers the region an operator embedded in the provider
+// upstream, by matching it against the catalog's own host template. Bedrock's
+// template is "bedrock-runtime.<region>.amazonaws.com" and Vertex's is
+// "<region>-aiplatform.googleapis.com", so the region is whatever sits between
+// the fixed halves. Returns empty when the upstream does not match the
+// template, which is the case for a custom or proxied endpoint.
+func RegionFromUpstream(entry catalog.Provider, upstreamURL string) string {
+	prefix, suffix, found := strings.Cut(entry.DefaultHost, catalog.RegionPlaceholder)
+	if !found {
+		return ""
+	}
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(upstreamURL))
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	host := parsed.Hostname()
+	if host == "" {
+		// A bare host with no scheme parses as a path, not a host.
+		host = strings.TrimSpace(upstreamURL)
+	}
+	// The two halves must not overlap. "bedrock-runtime.amazonaws.com" carries
+	// both of Bedrock's — it is the regionless endpoint — and satisfies both
+	// checks above while leaving nothing between them, so slicing it would
+	// panic on an inverted range rather than report "no region here".
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(host, prefix) || !strings.HasSuffix(host, suffix) ||
+		len(host) < len(prefix)+len(suffix) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	region := host[len(prefix) : len(host)-len(suffix)]
+	if region == "" || strings.Contains(region, ".") {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return region
+}
+
+// checkPublicHost refuses hosts that resolve to an address the management
+// server should never be asked to reach on an operator's behalf.
+func (c *Client) checkPublicHost(ctx context.Context, host string) error {
+	if c.AllowPrivateHosts {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if host == "" {
+		return errors.New("discovery host is empty")
+	}
+	resolver := c.Resolver
+	if resolver == nil {
+		resolver = net.DefaultResolver
+	}
+	addrs, err := resolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, "ip", host)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolve discovery host %q: %w", host, err)
+	}
+	// Every address must be public: a name that resolves to one public and one
+	// loopback address is still a way to reach loopback.
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		if !isPublic(addr) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: %w: discovery host %q resolves to a non-public address", ErrInvalidRequest, ErrPrivateHost, host)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// isPublic reports whether an address is one we are willing to dial.
+func isPublic(addr netip.Addr) bool {
+	addr = addr.Unmap()
+	switch {
+	case !addr.IsValid(),
+		addr.IsLoopback(),
+		addr.IsPrivate(),
+		addr.IsLinkLocalUnicast(),
+		addr.IsLinkLocalMulticast(),
+		addr.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast(),
+		addr.IsMulticast(),
+		addr.IsUnspecified():
+		return false
+	}
+	// 100.64.0.0/10 (carrier NAT) is where NetBird's own overlay addresses
+	// live, so it is emphatically not somewhere to send a provider credential.
+	if addr.Is4() {
+		b := addr.As4()
+		if b[0] == 100 && b[1] >= 64 && b[1] <= 127 {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// applyAuth sets the credential header the catalog entry declares. A Vertex
+// service-account key is exchanged for an OAuth token first, the same way the
+// proxy does at request time.
+func applyAuth(req *http.Request, entry catalog.Provider, apiKey string) error {
+	key := strings.TrimSpace(apiKey)
+	if key == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %s discovery needs an API key", ErrInvalidRequest, entry.Name)
+	}
+	if rest, ok := strings.CutPrefix(key, vertexKeyfilePrefix); ok {
+		token, err := mintGCPToken(req.Context(), rest)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		key = token
+	}
+	name := entry.AuthHeaderName
+	if name == "" {
+		name = "Authorization"
+	}
+	template := entry.AuthHeaderTemplate
+	if template == "" {
+		template = "${API_KEY}"
+	}
+	req.Header.Set(name, strings.ReplaceAll(template, "${API_KEY}", key))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mintGCPToken exchanges a base64 service-account key for an access token.
+func mintGCPToken(ctx context.Context, saKeyB64 string) (string, error) {
+	jsonKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.TrimSpace(saKeyB64))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("decode service-account key: %w", err)
+	}
+	conf, err := google.JWTConfigFromJSON(jsonKey, gcpScope)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse service-account key: %w", err)
+	}
+	tok, err := conf.TokenSource(ctx).Token()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("mint gcp token: %w", err)
+	}
+	return tok.AccessToken, nil
+}
+
+// decorate turns raw vendor ids into the models the caller renders, attaching
+// the rates the request would actually be billed at.
+//
+// Rates come from the live default pricing table rather than the compiled-in
+// catalog, because that is the table the synthesiser ships to the proxy: an
+// operator running a defaults_llm_pricing.yaml would otherwise be shown one
+// price in the form and charged another. It is also the same lookup the catalog
+// endpoint prefills from, so a model reached by either route prices identically.
+func decorate(entry catalog.Provider, ids []listedModel) []Model {
+	out := make([]Model, 0, len(ids))
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(ids))
+	for _, listed := range ids {
+		if listed.id == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if entry.Discovery.ExactModelsOnly && strings.Contains(listed.id, "*") {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, dup := seen[listed.id]; dup {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[listed.id] = struct{}{}
+
+		// The table keys pricing by the normalised id while the vendor issues
+		// the wire form, so normalise before looking it up — otherwise every
+		// Bedrock profile would report unpriced.
+		model := Model{ID: listed.id, Label: listed.label}
+		if rate, known := pricing.LookupDefault(entry.PricingSurfaces, normalizeForPricing(entry.ID, listed.id)); known {
+			model.PricingKnown = true
+			model.InputPer1k = rate.InputPer1k
+			model.OutputPer1k = rate.OutputPer1k
+			model.CachedInputPer1k = rate.CachedInputPer1k
+			model.CacheReadPer1k = rate.CacheReadPer1k
+			model.CacheCreationPer1k = rate.CacheCreationPer1k
+		}
+		out = append(out, model)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// refuseRedirect is the redirect policy every discovery request runs under. A
+// redirect is a way to move the request to a host checkPublicHost never saw,
+// so none are followed.
+func refuseRedirect(*http.Request, []*http.Request) error {
+	return http.ErrUseLastResponse
+}
+
+func (c *Client) httpClient() *http.Client {
+	if c.HTTPClient != nil {
+		if c.HTTPClient.CheckRedirect != nil {
+			return c.HTTPClient
+		}
+		// An injected client that states no policy still gets ours: the
+		// no-redirect guarantee should not depend on the caller remembering it.
+		//
+		// Copied rather than assigned into: one Client is shared by every
+		// request for the process's lifetime, so writing to its fields here
+		// would race across request goroutines. The copy shares the Transport,
+		// which is safe for concurrent use by design.
+		clone := *c.HTTPClient
+		clone.CheckRedirect = refuseRedirect
+		return &clone
+	}
+	transport := guardedTransport
+	if c.AllowPrivateHosts {
+		transport = http.DefaultTransport
+	}
+	return &http.Client{
+		Timeout:       fetchTimeout,
+		Transport:     transport,
+		CheckRedirect: refuseRedirect,
+	}
+}
+
+// guardedTransport dials only addresses isPublic accepts.
+//
+// checkPublicHost resolves the host itself, and the transport then resolves it
+// again when it dials — two lookups of a name whose owner chooses the answers.
+// A record that returns a public address to the first and 127.0.0.1 to the
+// second passes the guard and reaches loopback anyway, which is the whole of
+// DNS rebinding. Re-checking at the socket closes that window: whatever the
+// second lookup returned is what Control is handed, and an address the guard
+// refuses never gets connected.
+//
+// Shared package-wide rather than built per Fetch so connections and their
+// pool survive between calls; the guard holds no state.
+var guardedTransport = newGuardedTransport()
+
+func newGuardedTransport() http.RoundTripper {
+	base, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		// Something replaced the default transport. Fall back to it rather
+		// than dropping its behaviour, and rely on checkPublicHost alone.
+		return http.DefaultTransport
+	}
+	// Cloned so proxy settings, TLS defaults and timeouts come from the
+	// standard transport rather than being restated here.
+	transport := base.Clone()
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{
+		Timeout:   fetchTimeout,
+		KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
+		Control: func(_, address string, _ syscall.RawConn) error {
+			return guardDialAddress(address)
+		},
+	}
+	transport.DialContext = dialer.DialContext
+	return transport
+}
+
+// guardDialAddress refuses a resolved socket address the discovery client has
+// no business connecting to. Control hands it over post-resolution and
+// pre-connect, once per address the dialer tries, so a name with several A
+// records is checked at each one.
+func guardDialAddress(address string) error {
+	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("discovery dial address %q is unreadable", address)
+	}
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(host)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Control is documented to receive a resolved address; anything else
+		// is a state we cannot vet, so it does not get dialled.
+		return fmt.Errorf("discovery dial address %q is not an IP", host)
+	}
+	if !isPublic(addr) {
+		// Deliberately not ErrPrivateHost, which means "this upstream is on a
+		// private network, so we cannot check it" and lets a save through
+		// unchecked. checkPublicHost has already cleared the target by the
+		// time anything is dialled, so an address refused here is not the
+		// operator's upstream: it is a rebinding attempt, or an HTTP proxy in
+		// the path. Neither may quietly skip the check — one is hostile, and
+		// the other would silently disable this on every provider.
+		return fmt.Errorf("discovery refused to dial non-public address %s", addr)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/discovery_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/discovery_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62b34e754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/discovery_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+package modeldiscovery
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing"
+)
+
+// stubTransport answers every request with one canned response and records the
+// request it was given, so a test can assert on the URL and headers the client
+// built without a network round trip.
+type stubTransport struct {
+	status int
+	body   string
+	got    *http.Request
+}
+
+func (s *stubTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	s.got = req
+	status := s.status
+	if status == 0 {
+		status = http.StatusOK
+	}
+	return &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: status,
+		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(s.body)),
+		Header:     http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+		Request:    req,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// newStubClient returns a client that never leaves the process. The host guard
+// is disabled because it would otherwise resolve the vendor's real name, which
+// would make these tests depend on DNS.
+func newStubClient(status int, body string) (*Client, *stubTransport) {
+	tr := &stubTransport{status: status, body: body}
+	return &Client{
+		HTTPClient:        &http.Client{Transport: tr},
+		AllowPrivateHosts: true,
+	}, tr
+}
+
+// The payloads below are trimmed from what the vendors actually returned in
+// the discovery e2e, rather than invented, so a parser that only works against
+// an idealised shape fails here.
+
+const openAIListing = `{"object":"list","data":[
+  {"id":"gpt-4o-mini","object":"model","created":1721172741,"owned_by":"system"},
+  {"id":"gpt-4o","object":"model","created":1715367049,"owned_by":"system"}
+]}`
+
+const agentgatewayListing = `{"object":"list","data":[
+  {"id":"gpt-4o-mini","object":"model","created":1785166485,"owned_by":"openai"},
+  {"id":"claude-haiku-4-5","object":"model","created":1785166485,"owned_by":"anthropic"},
+  {"id":"openai/*","object":"model","created":1785166485,"owned_by":"openai"},
+  {"id":"*-latest","object":"model","created":1785166485,"owned_by":"openai"}
+]}`
+
+const anthropicListing = `{"data":[
+  {"type":"model","id":"claude-haiku-4-5-20251001","display_name":"Claude Haiku 4.5"},
+  {"type":"model","id":"claude-sonnet-4-6","display_name":"Claude Sonnet 4.6"}
+],"has_more":false}`
+
+const bedrockListing = `{"inferenceProfileSummaries":[
+  {"inferenceProfileId":"eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0",
+   "inferenceProfileName":"EU Anthropic Claude Haiku 4.5","status":"ACTIVE","type":"SYSTEM_DEFINED"},
+  {"inferenceProfileId":"global.cohere.embed-v4:0",
+   "inferenceProfileName":"Global Cohere Embed v4","status":"ACTIVE","type":"SYSTEM_DEFINED"},
+  {"inferenceProfileId":"eu.meta.llama3-2-1b-instruct-v1:0",
+   "inferenceProfileName":"EU Meta Llama 3.2 1B","status":"INACTIVE","type":"SYSTEM_DEFINED"}
+]}`
+
+const vertexListing = `{"publisherModels":[
+  {"name":"publishers/anthropic/models/claude-3-opus","versionId":"20240229","launchStage":"GA"},
+  {"name":"publishers/anthropic/models/claude-sonnet-4-5","versionId":"20250929","launchStage":"GA"}
+]}`
+
+func TestFetchOpenAIListing(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, tr := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, openAIListing)
+
+	models, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "openai_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://api.openai.com",
+		APIKey:      "sk-test",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://api.openai.com/v1/models", tr.got.URL.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "Bearer sk-test", tr.got.Header.Get("Authorization"),
+		"the credential must be injected through the catalog's auth template")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-4o-mini", "gpt-4o"}, ids(models))
+	for _, m := range models {
+		assert.True(t, m.PricingKnown, "both models are in the shipped catalog: %s", m.ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchAgentgatewayListing(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, tr := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, agentgatewayListing)
+
+	models, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "agentgateway",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://gateway.example.com",
+		APIKey:      "virtual-key",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://gateway.example.com/v1/models", tr.got.URL.String())
+	assert.Equal(t, "Bearer virtual-key", tr.got.Header.Get("Authorization"),
+		"agentgateway model discovery must use the configured virtual key")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-4o-mini", "claude-haiku-4-5"}, ids(models),
+		"model patterns must not be offered as exact NetBird authorization rows")
+	for _, m := range models {
+		assert.True(t, m.PricingKnown, "known upstream model must use NetBird catalog pricing: %s", m.ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchAnthropicSendsTheVersionHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, tr := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, anthropicListing)
+
+	models, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "anthropic_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+		APIKey:      "sk-ant-test",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Anthropic rejects a request without the version header, so a listing
+	// that reached us at all proves it was sent — but assert it, because the
+	// failure mode otherwise only shows up against the live API.
+	assert.Equal(t, "2023-06-01", tr.got.Header.Get("anthropic-version"))
+	assert.Equal(t, "sk-ant-test", tr.got.Header.Get("x-api-key"),
+		"Anthropic takes a bare key under its own header, not a Bearer token")
+	assert.Equal(t, "limit=1000", tr.got.URL.RawQuery)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-haiku-4-5-20251001", "claude-sonnet-4-6"}, ids(models))
+	assert.Equal(t, "Claude Haiku 4.5", models[0].Label)
+}
+
+func TestFetchBedrockUsesTheControlPlaneAndKeepsWireIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, tr := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, bedrockListing)
+
+	models, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID: "bedrock_api",
+		// The record's upstream is the RUNTIME host, which does not serve
+		// listings. The catalog's own discovery host must win over it.
+		UpstreamURL: "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		Region:      "eu-central-1",
+		APIKey:      "aws-bearer",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://bedrock.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/inference-profiles",
+		tr.got.URL.String(), "listings come from the control plane, not the runtime host")
+
+	// Region-prefixed ids verbatim: the prefix is what makes them invocable
+	// and it cannot be reconstructed — global.* alongside eu.* is exactly the
+	// case that defeats deriving it from the configured region.
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{
+		"eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0",
+		"global.cohere.embed-v4:0",
+	}, ids(models), "an INACTIVE profile must not be offered")
+
+	assert.True(t, models[0].PricingKnown,
+		"the catalog prices anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5, which this id normalises to")
+	assert.False(t, models[1].PricingKnown,
+		"cohere embed is not in the shipped Bedrock catalog, so the operator must price it")
+
+	// The rates travel with the model, so the form can prefill an editable row
+	// rather than making the operator look every price up by hand.
+	assert.Positive(t, models[0].InputPer1k, "a priced model must carry its input rate")
+	assert.Positive(t, models[0].OutputPer1k, "a priced model must carry its output rate")
+	// An unpriced model is offered at zero and flagged, not withheld: the
+	// vendor says the credential can reach it.
+	assert.Zero(t, models[1].InputPer1k)
+	assert.Zero(t, models[1].OutputPer1k)
+}
+
+// TestDiscoveredRatesMatchTheCatalogEndpoint pins the two prefill paths to one
+// table. The provider form fills a model row either from the catalog response
+// or from a discovery response, and an operator who switches between them must
+// not see the price change — both must equal what the proxy will bill.
+func TestDiscoveredRatesMatchTheCatalogEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, _ := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, openAIListing)
+
+	models, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "openai_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://api.openai.com",
+		APIKey:      "sk-test",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, models)
+
+	entry, ok := catalog.Lookup("openai_api")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	for _, m := range models {
+		want, known := pricing.LookupDefault(entry.PricingSurfaces, m.ID)
+		require.True(t, known, "%s should be priced by the default table", m.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, want.InputPer1k, m.InputPer1k, "input rate for %s", m.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, want.OutputPer1k, m.OutputPer1k, "output rate for %s", m.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, want.CachedInputPer1k, m.CachedInputPer1k, "cached-input rate for %s", m.ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchVertexJoinsNameAndVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, _ := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, vertexListing)
+
+	models, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "vertex_ai_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://us-east5-aiplatform.googleapis.com",
+		Region:      "us-east5",
+		APIKey:      "ya29.test-token",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Vertex addresses a model as "<id>@<version>" on rawPredict, and splits
+	// those across two fields in the listing.
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-3-opus@20240229", "claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929"}, ids(models))
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-3-opus", models[0].Label)
+}
+
+func TestFetchSurfacesTheVendorStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, _ := newStubClient(http.StatusForbidden, `{"error":{"message":"no access"}}`)
+
+	_, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "openai_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://api.openai.com",
+		APIKey:      "sk-test",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "403",
+		"an operator whose key lacks access needs to see which status the vendor returned")
+}
+
+func TestFetchRejectsAProviderWithoutDiscovery(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, _ := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, openAIListing)
+
+	_, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "litellm_proxy",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://gateway.example.com",
+		APIKey:      "sk-test",
+	})
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNoDiscovery,
+		"a gateway with no listing endpoint must be distinguishable from a failure, so the caller can fall back")
+}
+
+func TestFetchRequiresACredential(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, _ := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, openAIListing)
+
+	_, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "openai_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://api.openai.com",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "API key")
+}
+
+func TestDiscoveryURLNeedsARegionWhenTheHostTemplatesOne(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, _ := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, bedrockListing)
+
+	// An upstream that matches no catalog template — a proxy in front of
+	// Bedrock, say — leaves nothing to read the region from. Refusing beats
+	// guessing: an unsubstituted placeholder would dial a host that does not
+	// exist, and a guessed region would dial the wrong account's endpoint.
+	_, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "bedrock_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://bedrock.internal-proxy.example.com",
+		APIKey:      "aws-bearer",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "region")
+}
+
+// TestHostGuardRejectsNonPublicAddresses is the SSRF guard. Management holds a
+// credential for every provider, so an upstream pointed at an internal address
+// would turn discovery into a way to probe — and hand a token to — the
+// management server's own network.
+func TestHostGuardRejectsNonPublicAddresses(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		addr string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"loopback v4", "127.0.0.1", false},
+		{"loopback v6", "::1", false},
+		{"private 10/8", "10.0.0.5", false},
+		{"private 172.16/12", "172.16.4.1", false},
+		{"private 192.168/16", "192.168.1.1", false},
+		{"link-local", "169.254.169.254", false}, // cloud metadata
+		{"unspecified", "0.0.0.0", false},
+		{"multicast", "224.0.0.1", false},
+		{"netbird overlay 100.64/10", "100.90.1.2", false},
+		{"v4-mapped loopback", "::ffff:127.0.0.1", false},
+		{"public v4", "1.1.1.1", true},
+		{"public v6", "2606:4700:4700::1111", true},
+		{"just outside CGNAT", "100.128.0.1", true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(tc.addr)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, isPublic(addr))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHostGuardResolvesAndRejectsLocalhost(t *testing.T) {
+	cl := &Client{}
+	err := cl.checkPublicHost(context.Background(), "localhost")
+	require.Error(t, err, "a name resolving to loopback must be refused, not just a literal address")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "non-public")
+}
+
+// TestRedirectsAreNotFollowed covers a gap the other tests leave open: they all
+// inject an HTTPClient, which bypasses httpClient() and therefore the redirect
+// policy entirely. The policy is a security control — a 302 moves the request
+// to a host checkPublicHost never resolved — so it needs a test that goes
+// through the constructor the manager actually uses.
+func TestRedirectsAreNotFollowed(t *testing.T) {
+	var hits int
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		hits++
+		http.Redirect(w, r, "http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/", http.StatusFound)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	for name, cl := range map[string]*Client{
+		// The production shape: no injected client at all.
+		"default client": {AllowPrivateHosts: true},
+		// An injected client that states no policy must inherit ours rather
+		// than silently chasing the redirect.
+		"injected client with no policy": {
+			AllowPrivateHosts: true,
+			HTTPClient:        &http.Client{},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			hits = 0
+			req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, srv.URL, nil)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			resp, err := cl.httpClient().Do(req)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() })
+
+			assert.Equal(t, http.StatusFound, resp.StatusCode,
+				"the redirect must be surfaced, not followed to an unchecked host")
+			assert.Equal(t, 1, hits, "exactly one request must leave the client")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInjectedClientKeepsItsOwnRedirectPolicy pins that the default above is a
+// default, not an override, and that supplying it does not mutate the caller's
+// client — one Client is shared across every request, so a write here would
+// race.
+func TestInjectedClientKeepsItsOwnRedirectPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	own := func(*http.Request, []*http.Request) error { return nil }
+	injected := &http.Client{CheckRedirect: own}
+	cl := &Client{HTTPClient: injected}
+
+	assert.Same(t, injected, cl.httpClient(),
+		"a client that states a policy must be handed back untouched")
+
+	bare := &http.Client{}
+	cl = &Client{HTTPClient: bare}
+	require.NotSame(t, bare, cl.httpClient(), "the policy must be applied to a copy")
+	assert.Nil(t, bare.CheckRedirect, "the caller's client must not be written to")
+}
+
+// TestDialGuardRejectsRebindingToANonPublicAddress covers the window between
+// the two DNS lookups. checkPublicHost resolves the host, then the transport
+// resolves it again to dial; a name whose owner answers the first with a public
+// address and the second with 127.0.0.1 would otherwise pass the guard and
+// still reach loopback. The dial-time check sees whatever the second lookup
+// actually returned.
+func TestDialGuardRejectsRebindingToANonPublicAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		address string
+		wantErr string
+	}{
+		{"loopback", "127.0.0.1:443", "non-public"},
+		{"cloud metadata", "169.254.169.254:80", "non-public"},
+		{"rfc1918", "10.1.2.3:443", "non-public"},
+		{"netbird overlay", "100.90.1.2:443", "non-public"},
+		{"loopback v6", "[::1]:443", "non-public"},
+		{"unresolved name", "evil.example.com:443", "not an IP"},
+		{"no port", "1.1.1.1", "unreadable"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := guardDialAddress(tc.address)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tc.wantErr)
+		})
+	}
+
+	assert.NoError(t, guardDialAddress("1.1.1.1:443"), "a public address must still be dialled")
+	assert.NoError(t, guardDialAddress("[2606:4700:4700::1111]:443"))
+}
+
+// TestDialGuardIsInstalledOnTheDefaultClient pins the wiring rather than the
+// guard: a correct guard nothing calls protects nothing.
+func TestDialGuardIsInstalledOnTheDefaultClient(t *testing.T) {
+	cl := &Client{}
+	transport, ok := cl.httpClient().Transport.(*http.Transport)
+	require.True(t, ok, "the default discovery client must carry the guarded transport")
+	require.NotNil(t, transport.DialContext, "the guarded transport must dial through the guard")
+
+	_, err := transport.DialContext(context.Background(), "tcp", "127.0.0.1:9")
+	require.Error(t, err, "the guard must refuse loopback even when the caller dials it directly")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "non-public")
+
+	// Tests point the client at a loopback server on purpose, so the opt-out
+	// has to reach the dialer too.
+	relaxed := &Client{AllowPrivateHosts: true}
+	assert.Equal(t, http.DefaultTransport, relaxed.httpClient().Transport)
+}
+
+// TestCallerInputFailuresAreMarkedInvalid keeps the handler's 400 mapping
+// honest: it branches on this sentinel, so an unmarked caller-input failure
+// silently becomes a 500.
+func TestCallerInputFailuresAreMarkedInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		req  Request
+	}{
+		{"unknown provider", Request{CatalogID: "not_a_provider", APIKey: "k"}},
+		{"unusable upstream", Request{CatalogID: "openai_api", UpstreamURL: "://", APIKey: "k"}},
+		{"missing api key", Request{CatalogID: "openai_api", UpstreamURL: "https://api.openai.com"}},
+		{"no region to read", Request{
+			CatalogID:   "bedrock_api",
+			UpstreamURL: "https://bedrock-runtime.amazonaws.com",
+			APIKey:      "aws-bearer",
+		}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cl, _ := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, openAIListing)
+			_, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), tc.req)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrInvalidRequest)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEveryDiscoveryEntryHasAParser keeps the catalog and the parser table from
+// drifting: adding a Discovery block with a shape nothing parses would fail
+// only at runtime, in front of an operator.
+func TestEveryDiscoveryEntryHasAParser(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, entry := range catalog.All() {
+		if entry.Discovery == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		t.Run(entry.ID, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.NotEmpty(t, entry.Discovery.Path, "a discovery entry needs a path")
+			_, err := parseListing(entry.Discovery.Shape, []byte(`{}`))
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "shape %q has no parser", entry.Discovery.Shape)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func ids(models []Model) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(models))
+	for _, m := range models {
+		out = append(out, m.ID)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// TestRegionIsReadBackFromTheUpstream covers the reason the API takes no
+// region field: a provider record has none, and the operator already encoded
+// it in the upstream host when they configured inference.
+func TestRegionIsReadBackFromTheUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, tr := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, bedrockListing)
+
+	_, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "bedrock_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://bedrock-runtime.us-west-2.amazonaws.com",
+		APIKey:      "aws-bearer",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bedrock.us-west-2.amazonaws.com", tr.got.URL.Host)
+}
+
+func TestRegionFromUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	bedrock, ok := catalog.Lookup("bedrock_api")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	vertex, ok := catalog.Lookup("vertex_ai_api")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name     string
+		entry    catalog.Provider
+		upstream string
+		want     string
+	}{
+		{"bedrock runtime host", bedrock, "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com", "eu-central-1"},
+		{"bedrock without scheme", bedrock, "bedrock-runtime.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com", "ap-south-1"},
+		{"vertex regional host", vertex, "https://us-east5-aiplatform.googleapis.com", "us-east5"},
+		// A proxied or self-hosted upstream matches no template, and guessing
+		// a region from it would build a URL pointing somewhere arbitrary.
+		{"unrelated upstream", bedrock, "https://llm.internal.example.com", ""},
+		{"vertex global host has no region segment", vertex, "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com", ""},
+		// Bedrock's regionless endpoint carries both halves of the template at
+		// once, with nothing between them. It has to read as "no region here"
+		// rather than as an inverted slice range.
+		{"bedrock regionless endpoint", bedrock, "https://bedrock-runtime.amazonaws.com", ""},
+		{"bedrock regionless without scheme", bedrock, "bedrock-runtime.amazonaws.com", ""},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, RegionFromUpstream(tc.entry, tc.upstream))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// bedrockGeoListing carries profiles from geographies the original prefix list
+// did not name. Every one reduces to a catalog key, so every one must arrive
+// priced — an unstripped geography is what made a real account's listing come
+// back almost entirely at zero.
+const bedrockGeoListing = `{"inferenceProfileSummaries":[
+  {"inferenceProfileId":"jp.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-20260514-v1:0",
+   "inferenceProfileName":"JP Anthropic Claude Sonnet 5","status":"ACTIVE","type":"SYSTEM_DEFINED"},
+  {"inferenceProfileId":"au.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0",
+   "inferenceProfileName":"AU Anthropic Claude Haiku 4.5","status":"ACTIVE","type":"SYSTEM_DEFINED"},
+  {"inferenceProfileId":"us-gov.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-20260514-v1:0",
+   "inferenceProfileName":"GovCloud Anthropic Claude Sonnet 5","status":"ACTIVE","type":"SYSTEM_DEFINED"}
+]}`
+
+func TestBedrockProfilesFromAnyGeographyArrivePriced(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, _ := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, bedrockGeoListing)
+
+	models, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "bedrock_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		APIKey:      "aws-token",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, models, 3)
+
+	for _, m := range models {
+		assert.True(t, m.PricingKnown, "%s must resolve to a catalog rate", m.ID)
+		assert.Greater(t, m.InputPer1k, 0.0, "input rate for %s", m.ID)
+		assert.Greater(t, m.OutputPer1k, 0.0, "output rate for %s", m.ID)
+		assert.Greater(t, m.CacheReadPer1k, 0.0, "cache-read rate for %s", m.ID)
+	}
+
+	// The wire id is preserved whatever the pricing key reduced to: it is the
+	// only form that works at invoke time.
+	assert.Equal(t, "jp.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-20260514-v1:0", models[0].ID)
+}
+
+// TestFetch_AHostThatWillNotResolveIsUnreachable closes a gap the live suite
+// found. The SSRF guard resolves the host before any request is built, so a
+// name that does not resolve fails there rather than at the transport — and
+// that error used to reach the caller unclassified. A wrong hostname is the
+// commonest way for an upstream to be wrong, so it has to arrive as
+// "unreachable" and not as an unrecognised fault.
+func TestFetch_AHostThatWillNotResolveIsUnreachable(t *testing.T) {
+	// A resolver whose dial always fails, so the lookup errors without the
+	// test depending on real DNS.
+	refusing := &net.Resolver{
+		PreferGo: true,
+		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return nil, errors.New("resolver unavailable")
+		},
+	}
+	client := &Client{Resolver: refusing}
+
+	_, err := client.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "openai_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://not-a-real-vendor-host.example.invalid",
+		APIKey:      "sk-test",
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	var unreachable *UnreachableError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &unreachable, "a host that will not resolve must classify as unreachable")
+	require.NotErrorIs(t, err, ErrPrivateHost, "it is not a host we declined to dial")
+}
+
+// TestFetch_AProxyInThePathDoesNotSilentlyDisableTheCheck pins a fail-open the
+// dial-time guard can produce. checkPublicHost clears the target before
+// anything is dialled, so a private address refused at the socket is never the
+// operator's upstream — it is a rebinding attempt, or an HTTP proxy the
+// management server egresses through. Reporting either as ErrPrivateHost would
+// read as "this provider cannot be checked" and let every save through
+// unchecked, which is how a proxied deployment would install this feature and
+// have it quietly do nothing.
+func TestFetch_AProxyInThePathDoesNotSilentlyDisableTheCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	// A transport that refuses at the socket exactly as the guard does, with a
+	// loopback address standing in for the proxy the dial went to.
+	// AllowPrivateHosts short-circuits the resolve-stage check only; the
+	// injected transport below is still what the request goes through. Without
+	// it this test resolves api.openai.com for real, and on a runner with no
+	// egress that lookup fails as an UnreachableError too — so it would pass
+	// while never reaching the socket guard it is named for.
+	client := &Client{AllowPrivateHosts: true, HTTPClient: &http.Client{
+		Transport: roundTripFunc(func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+			return nil, guardDialAddress("127.0.0.1:38599")
+		}),
+		CheckRedirect: refuseRedirect,
+	}}
+
+	_, err := client.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "openai_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://api.openai.com",
+		APIKey:      "sk-test",
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.NotErrorIs(t, err, ErrPrivateHost,
+		"a refusal at the socket must not read as an upstream we cannot check")
+	var unreachable *UnreachableError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &unreachable, "it is the vendor we failed to reach")
+}
+
+// roundTripFunc adapts a function to http.RoundTripper.
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) { return f(r) }
+
+// TestFetch_TheUpstreamIsCheckedWhenTheListingCannotVouchForIt covers the hole
+// a separate listing host leaves. Bedrock lists from the control plane, so a
+// record whose runtime upstream does not exist reaches a perfectly good
+// listing and saves — the requests it then serves go nowhere.
+//
+// Both halves matter. A runtime host that cannot be resolved is the record
+// being wrong, and blocks. A proxied one resolves and only leaves the region
+// underivable, which stays the unverifiable outcome it already was.
+func TestFetch_TheUpstreamIsCheckedWhenTheListingCannotVouchForIt(t *testing.T) {
+	refusing := &net.Resolver{
+		PreferGo: true,
+		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return nil, errors.New("resolver unavailable")
+		},
+	}
+	client := &Client{Resolver: refusing}
+
+	_, err := client.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID: "bedrock_api",
+		// Matches no catalog template, so nothing here reaches the control
+		// plane the listing comes from: without its own check this upstream
+		// was never contacted at all.
+		UpstreamURL: "https://bedrock.typo.example.invalid",
+		APIKey:      "aws-bearer",
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	var unreachable *UnreachableError
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &unreachable, "a runtime host that will not resolve must block the save")
+}
+
+// TestFetch_AListingHostOfItsOwnDoesNotReachThroughTheUpstream keeps the check
+// above from reading the operator's upstream as the place to list from.
+func TestFetch_AListingHostOfItsOwnDoesNotReachThroughTheUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	cl, tr := newStubClient(http.StatusOK, bedrockListing)
+
+	_, err := cl.Fetch(context.Background(), Request{
+		CatalogID:   "bedrock_api",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		APIKey:      "aws-bearer",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "bedrock.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com", tr.got.URL.Host,
+		"checking the runtime host must not turn it into the listing host")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/failure.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/failure.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41e4bfb56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/failure.go
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+package modeldiscovery
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// Fetch serves two callers with different needs: the model picker, which only
+// needs to know it failed, and the provider credential check, which has to
+// tell an operator whether the URL or the key is at fault. Each failure
+// carries a type so the second does not have to branch on a message.
+
+// VendorStatusError reports a listing answered with something other than 200.
+// Only the vendor's own code separates a refused credential (401, 403) from a
+// URL that does not serve this API (404, 405) from an unwell vendor (5xx).
+type VendorStatusError struct {
+	Provider string
+	Status   int
+}
+
+func (e *VendorStatusError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s returned %d for its model listing", e.Provider, e.Status)
+}
+
+// UnreachableError reports that the request never reached the vendor: the
+// name did not resolve, the connection was refused, TLS failed, or it timed
+// out. Nothing was authenticated, so only the URL is implicated.
+type UnreachableError struct {
+	Provider string
+	Err      error
+}
+
+func (e *UnreachableError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("reach %s: %v", e.Provider, e.Err)
+}
+
+func (e *UnreachableError) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+
+// Reason names the transport failure in words an operator can act on: a wrong
+// port and a wrong hostname fail differently and are worth telling apart.
+// Empty means unrecognised, and the caller should say only that the host could
+// not be reached rather than paste a Go error into the UI.
+func (e *UnreachableError) Reason() string {
+	err := e.Err
+
+	var dns *net.DNSError
+	if errors.As(err, &dns) {
+		if dns.IsNotFound {
+			return "no such host"
+		}
+		// Named apart from the dial timeout below. A resolver that never
+		// answered and an upstream that never answered send an operator to
+		// different places, and the generic "connection timed out" would
+		// describe a connection that was never attempted.
+		if dns.IsTimeout {
+			return "dns lookup timed out"
+		}
+		return "dns lookup failed"
+	}
+
+	// Timeouts are checked before the syscall cases: a dial that times out is
+	// reported as a net.OpError wrapping a timeout, and the operator needs to
+	// hear "timed out" rather than the syscall underneath it.
+	if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) || errors.Is(err, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded) {
+		return "connection timed out"
+	}
+	var netErr net.Error
+	if errors.As(err, &netErr) && netErr.Timeout() {
+		return "connection timed out"
+	}
+
+	if errors.Is(err, syscall.ECONNREFUSED) {
+		return "connection refused"
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, syscall.EHOSTUNREACH) || errors.Is(err, syscall.ENETUNREACH) {
+		return "host unreachable"
+	}
+
+	var certErr *tls.CertificateVerificationError
+	if errors.As(err, &certErr) {
+		return "tls certificate not trusted"
+	}
+	var recordErr tls.RecordHeaderError
+	if errors.As(err, &recordErr) {
+		return "not a tls endpoint"
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+// ErrUnparseableListing marks a 200 whose body is not a listing in the shape
+// the catalog declared. Distinct from a status refusal: the host answered and
+// authenticated fine, it is just not the API — a login page, say.
+var ErrUnparseableListing = errors.New("response is not a model listing")
+
+// ErrNoDiscoveryHost marks a provider whose listing host cannot be derived
+// from the record: Bedrock's control-plane host comes from the region in the
+// upstream, so a proxied endpoint leaves nowhere to send it, and inventing one
+// would spend the credential somewhere never configured.
+//
+// Wraps ErrInvalidRequest so the discovery endpoint still answers 400, while a
+// credential check can read it as "cannot be checked" rather than "broken".
+var ErrNoDiscoveryHost = errors.New("provider has no derivable discovery host")
+
+// ErrPrivateHost marks an upstream resolving somewhere management will not
+// dial. A self-hosted endpoint on a private network is a legitimate provider
+// the proxy reaches through the tunnel, so this means the check cannot run,
+// not that the record is wrong.
+var ErrPrivateHost = errors.New("discovery host is not publicly routable")
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/parse.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/parse.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67a10bf36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery/parse.go
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package modeldiscovery
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+	sharedllm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/llm"
+)
+
+// listedModel is one entry lifted out of a vendor listing before the catalog
+// is consulted about it.
+type listedModel struct {
+	id    string
+	label string
+}
+
+// parseListing extracts model ids from a vendor listing. Each vendor invented
+// its own envelope, and the shape is declared by the catalog rather than
+// sniffed, so a vendor that changes shape fails loudly instead of silently
+// returning nothing.
+func parseListing(shape catalog.ListingShape, body []byte) ([]listedModel, error) {
+	switch shape {
+	case catalog.ShapeOpenAIData:
+		return parseOpenAIData(body)
+	case catalog.ShapeBedrockInferenceProfiles:
+		return parseBedrockInferenceProfiles(body)
+	case catalog.ShapeVertexPublisherModels:
+		return parseVertexPublisherModels(body)
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no parser for listing shape %q", shape)
+	}
+}
+
+// parseOpenAIData reads {"data":[{"id":…}]}, which OpenAI defined and
+// Anthropic adopted. Anthropic additionally supplies display_name.
+func parseOpenAIData(body []byte) ([]listedModel, error) {
+	var doc struct {
+		Data []struct {
+			ID          string `json:"id"`
+			DisplayName string `json:"display_name"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &doc); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: decode model listing: %w", ErrUnparseableListing, err)
+	}
+	out := make([]listedModel, 0, len(doc.Data))
+	for _, entry := range doc.Data {
+		out = append(out, listedModel{id: entry.ID, label: entry.DisplayName})
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// parseBedrockInferenceProfiles reads
+// {"inferenceProfileSummaries":[{"inferenceProfileId":…}]}.
+//
+// The profile id is taken verbatim because its region prefix (eu., us.,
+// global.) is what makes it invocable, and it is not derivable from the
+// configured region — an account in one region legitimately holds global.*
+// profiles alongside its regional ones.
+//
+// Only ACTIVE profiles are offered: AWS reports others, and registering one
+// would produce a model that routes inside NetBird and fails at AWS.
+func parseBedrockInferenceProfiles(body []byte) ([]listedModel, error) {
+	var doc struct {
+		Summaries []struct {
+			ID     string `json:"inferenceProfileId"`
+			Name   string `json:"inferenceProfileName"`
+			Status string `json:"status"`
+		} `json:"inferenceProfileSummaries"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &doc); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: decode inference-profile listing: %w", ErrUnparseableListing, err)
+	}
+	out := make([]listedModel, 0, len(doc.Summaries))
+	for _, entry := range doc.Summaries {
+		if entry.Status != "" && !strings.EqualFold(entry.Status, "ACTIVE") {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, listedModel{id: entry.ID, label: entry.Name})
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// parseVertexPublisherModels reads {"publisherModels":[{"name":…}]}, where
+// name is a resource path ("publishers/anthropic/models/claude-3-opus") and
+// the version lives in a separate field.
+//
+// Vertex addresses a model as "<id>@<version>" on the rawPredict path, so the
+// two are joined here: reporting the bare name would hand the operator an id
+// that looks usable and is not.
+func parseVertexPublisherModels(body []byte) ([]listedModel, error) {
+	var doc struct {
+		Models []struct {
+			Name      string `json:"name"`
+			VersionID string `json:"versionId"`
+		} `json:"publisherModels"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &doc); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: decode publisher-model listing: %w", ErrUnparseableListing, err)
+	}
+	out := make([]listedModel, 0, len(doc.Models))
+	for _, entry := range doc.Models {
+		id := entry.Name
+		if slash := strings.LastIndex(id, "/"); slash >= 0 {
+			id = id[slash+1:]
+		}
+		if id == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		label := id
+		if entry.VersionID != "" {
+			id += "@" + entry.VersionID
+		}
+		out = append(out, listedModel{id: id, label: label})
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// normalizeForPricing maps a vendor's wire id onto the key the catalog prices
+// it under. It mirrors the synthesiser's normalizePricingModelID: the two must
+// agree, or a model reported here as priced would meter at the default rate
+// instead of the operator's.
+func normalizeForPricing(catalogProviderID, modelID string) string {
+	switch {
+	case catalog.IsBedrockPathStyle(catalogProviderID):
+		return sharedllm.NormalizeBedrockModel(modelID)
+	case catalog.IsVertexPathStyle(catalogProviderID):
+		return sharedllm.NormalizeVertexModel(modelID)
+	default:
+		return modelID
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d21d7bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect.go
@@ -0,0 +1,836 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// validateUsageDeltas rejects negative or non-finite usage counters before they
+// reach the consumption store, so a bad delta can't decrement or poison totals.
+// The store batch method enforces the same invariant; this is the manager-level
+// guard so direct callers fail fast with a clear error.
+func validateUsageDeltas(tokensIn, tokensOut int64, costUSD float64) error {
+	if tokensIn < 0 || tokensOut < 0 || costUSD < 0 || math.IsNaN(costUSD) || math.IsInf(costUSD, 0) {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "usage deltas must be non-negative and finite")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Deny codes the proxy surfaces back to the caller when every
+// applicable policy is exhausted. The proxy converts these into
+// upstream-shaped error responses.
+const (
+	//nolint:gosec // policy deny code label, not a credential
+	denyCodeTokenCapExceeded = "llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded"
+	//nolint:gosec // policy deny code label, not a credential
+	denyCodeBudgetCapExceeded = "llm_policy.budget_cap_exceeded"
+	//nolint:gosec // account deny code label, not a credential
+	denyCodeAccountTokenCapExceeded = "llm_account.token_cap_exceeded"
+	//nolint:gosec // account deny code label, not a credential
+	denyCodeAccountBudgetCapExceeded = "llm_account.budget_cap_exceeded"
+	// denyCodeModelBlocked is returned when policies govern the request's
+	// (provider, caller-groups) but none permits the model. Matches the proxy
+	// guardrail's code so both layers surface the same label.
+	denyCodeModelBlocked = "llm_policy.model_blocked"
+)
+
+// consumptionCache holds the consumption counters prefetched for one
+// policy-selection request, keyed by ConsumptionKey. A miss returns a zero
+// counter — the same contract the store's single-row getter uses for absent
+// rows — so the eval logic is identical whether a counter exists yet or not.
+type consumptionCache map[types.ConsumptionKey]*types.Consumption
+
+func (c consumptionCache) get(accountID string, kind types.ConsumptionDimension, dimID string, windowSeconds int64, windowStart time.Time) *types.Consumption {
+	key := types.ConsumptionKey{Kind: kind, DimID: dimID, WindowSeconds: windowSeconds, WindowStartUTC: windowStart.UTC()}
+	if row, ok := c[key]; ok && row != nil {
+		return row
+	}
+	return &types.Consumption{
+		AccountID:      accountID,
+		DimensionKind:  kind,
+		DimensionID:    dimID,
+		WindowSeconds:  windowSeconds,
+		WindowStartUTC: windowStart.UTC(),
+	}
+}
+
+// addLimitKeys records the user/group consumption keys a single enabled (token
+// or budget) limit window reads for the given attribution group, into a dedup
+// set. attrGroup may be empty (no group dimension applies).
+func addLimitKeys(set map[types.ConsumptionKey]struct{}, userID, attrGroup string, windowSeconds int64, now time.Time) {
+	if windowSeconds <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	ws := types.WindowStart(now, windowSeconds)
+	if userID != "" {
+		set[types.ConsumptionKey{Kind: types.DimensionUser, DimID: userID, WindowSeconds: windowSeconds, WindowStartUTC: ws}] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	if attrGroup != "" {
+		set[types.ConsumptionKey{Kind: types.DimensionGroup, DimID: attrGroup, WindowSeconds: windowSeconds, WindowStartUTC: ws}] = struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+// prefetchConsumption loads, in one store round-trip, every consumption counter
+// that the account-budget ceiling and the candidate policies will read while
+// scoring this request. This replaces the per-cap point reads the selector
+// previously issued one at a time (the N+1 on the hot path).
+func (m *managerImpl) prefetchConsumption(ctx context.Context, in PolicySelectionInput, rules []*types.AccountBudgetRule, candidates []*types.Policy, now time.Time) (consumptionCache, error) {
+	set := make(map[types.ConsumptionKey]struct{})
+	for _, p := range candidates {
+		attr := lowestIntersect(p.SourceGroups, in.GroupIDs)
+		if p.Limits.TokenLimit.Enabled {
+			addLimitKeys(set, in.UserID, attr, p.Limits.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds, now)
+		}
+		if p.Limits.BudgetLimit.Enabled {
+			addLimitKeys(set, in.UserID, attr, p.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds, now)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, r := range rules {
+		if r == nil || !r.Enabled || !budgetRuleApplies(r, in) {
+			continue
+		}
+		attr := lowestIntersect(r.TargetGroups, in.GroupIDs)
+		if r.Limits.TokenLimit.Enabled {
+			addLimitKeys(set, in.UserID, attr, r.Limits.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds, now)
+		}
+		if r.Limits.BudgetLimit.Enabled {
+			addLimitKeys(set, in.UserID, attr, r.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds, now)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(set) == 0 {
+		return consumptionCache{}, nil
+	}
+	keys := make([]types.ConsumptionKey, 0, len(set))
+	for k := range set {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	rows, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, in.AccountID, keys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("batch read consumption: %w", err)
+	}
+	return consumptionCache(rows), nil
+}
+
+// SelectPolicyForRequest picks the policy that "pays" for the
+// incoming request. The chosen policy is the one with the largest
+// pool that still has headroom — drain the bigger bucket first,
+// fall through to the next-biggest only when the current one's
+// group cap or shared per-user cap is exhausted. This matches
+// operator intuition for layered tiers ("privileged group has the
+// 10k budget, regular group has 1k as the safety net") and avoids
+// the load-balancer flapping that fraction-based scoring produces
+// once any cap has been touched.
+//
+// Ordering across non-exhausted candidates:
+//  1. Policies with NO enabled caps (catch-all-allow) win over any
+//     capped policy — operators who configure unlimited access
+//     expect requests to attribute there until they explicitly add
+//     caps.
+//  2. Larger group token cap wins.
+//  3. Larger group budget USD cap wins.
+//  4. Larger user token cap wins.
+//  5. Larger user budget USD cap wins.
+//  6. Older created_at wins (deterministic final tiebreak so
+//     multi-node selection converges).
+//
+// Returns Allow=true with empty SelectedPolicyID when no policy in
+// the account targets the (provider, caller-groups) combination —
+// llm_router is the gate that owns "no policy authorises this
+// request" semantics; this function trusts that authorisation has
+// already happened upstream and only does the limit-aware
+// attribution.
+func (m *managerImpl) SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx context.Context, in PolicySelectionInput) (*PolicySelectionResult, error) {
+	if in.AccountID == "" {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "account_id is required")
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	rules, err := m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, in.AccountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list account budget rules: %w", err)
+	}
+	policies, err := m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, in.AccountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list account policies: %w", err)
+	}
+	candidates := filterApplicablePolicies(policies, in)
+
+	candidates, denied, err := m.applyModelGate(ctx, in, candidates)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if denied != nil {
+		return denied, nil
+	}
+
+	// Prefetch every consumption counter the ceiling + candidate policies will
+	// read, in a single store round-trip, then score against the cache.
+	cache, err := m.prefetchConsumption(ctx, in, rules, candidates, now)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Account-level budget rules are an always-on ceiling, evaluated
+	// independently of policy selection (they bind even for catch-all-allow
+	// policies or requests that match no policy). All applicable rules must
+	// pass — this is where min-wins lives.
+	if deny, code, reason := checkAccountBudget(in, rules, cache, now); deny {
+		return &PolicySelectionResult{Allow: false, DenyCode: code, DenyReason: reason}, nil
+	}
+
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return &PolicySelectionResult{Allow: true}, nil
+	}
+	scored, lastDenyCode, lastDenyReason := scoreCandidates(in, candidates, cache, now)
+	if len(scored) == 0 {
+		return &PolicySelectionResult{
+			Allow:      false,
+			DenyCode:   lastDenyCode,
+			DenyReason: lastDenyReason,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	sort.SliceStable(scored, func(i, j int) bool {
+		// Catch-all-allow (no caps configured) wins outright over
+		// any capped policy.
+		iNoCap := isUncapped(scored[i].policy)
+		jNoCap := isUncapped(scored[j].policy)
+		if iNoCap != jNoCap {
+			return iNoCap
+		}
+		// Bigger pool drains first. Group caps dominate (shared
+		// across the group) before individual caps.
+		if a, b := groupCapTokens(scored[i].policy), groupCapTokens(scored[j].policy); a != b {
+			return a > b
+		}
+		if a, b := groupCapBudgetUsd(scored[i].policy), groupCapBudgetUsd(scored[j].policy); a != b {
+			return a > b
+		}
+		if a, b := userCapTokens(scored[i].policy), userCapTokens(scored[j].policy); a != b {
+			return a > b
+		}
+		if a, b := userCapBudgetUsd(scored[i].policy), userCapBudgetUsd(scored[j].policy); a != b {
+			return a > b
+		}
+		return scored[i].policy.CreatedAt.Before(scored[j].policy.CreatedAt)
+	})
+
+	winner := scored[0]
+	return &PolicySelectionResult{
+		Allow:              true,
+		SelectedPolicyID:   winner.policy.ID,
+		AttributionGroupID: winner.attributionGroup,
+		WindowSeconds:      winner.windowSeconds,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// filterApplicablePolicies returns the enabled policies that target
+// the requested provider and have at least one of the caller's groups
+// in their source_groups. Caller's group set is matched
+// case-sensitively against policy.SourceGroups.
+func filterApplicablePolicies(policies []*types.Policy, in PolicySelectionInput) []*types.Policy {
+	if len(policies) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	groupSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(in.GroupIDs))
+	for _, g := range in.GroupIDs {
+		if g != "" {
+			groupSet[g] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	out := make([]*types.Policy, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p == nil || !p.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !sliceContains(p.DestinationProviderIDs, in.ProviderID) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !anyGroupMatches(p.SourceGroups, groupSet) {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, p)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// anyPolicyHasGuardrails reports whether any policy references at least one
+// guardrail, so the selector can skip loading guardrails when none do.
+func anyPolicyHasGuardrails(policies []*types.Policy) bool {
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p != nil && len(p.GuardrailIDs) > 0 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// applyModelGate is the model-allowlist gate scoped to the matched policies:
+// it keeps the candidates whose guardrails permit the model (none enabled =
+// unrestricted) and returns a deny result when policies apply but none
+// permits it. The guardrail load is skipped when no candidate references a
+// guardrail, and the provider's catalog id — which picks the model-id
+// normalizer — is resolved only when a candidate actually restricts models:
+// with no enabled allowlist every candidate is unrestricted, and a
+// provider-store failure must not fail a request the gate would have waved
+// through.
+func (m *managerImpl) applyModelGate(ctx context.Context, in PolicySelectionInput, candidates []*types.Policy) ([]*types.Policy, *PolicySelectionResult, error) {
+	if len(candidates) == 0 || !anyPolicyHasGuardrails(candidates) {
+		return candidates, nil, nil
+	}
+	guardrailsByID, err := m.loadGuardrailsByID(ctx, in.AccountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if !anyEnabledModelAllowlist(candidates, guardrailsByID) {
+		return candidates, nil, nil
+	}
+	catalogID, err := m.providerCatalogID(ctx, in.AccountID, in.ProviderID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	permitted := filterModelPermittedPolicies(candidates, guardrailsByID, in.Model, catalogID)
+	if len(permitted) == 0 {
+		return nil, &PolicySelectionResult{
+			Allow:      false,
+			DenyCode:   denyCodeModelBlocked,
+			DenyReason: modelBlockedReason(in.Model),
+		}, nil
+	}
+	return permitted, nil, nil
+}
+
+// anyEnabledModelAllowlist reports whether any policy references a guardrail
+// whose model allowlist is enabled — the only case the model gate restricts
+// anything. Disabled allowlists, stale guardrail references, and guardrails
+// carrying only other checks all leave every candidate unrestricted.
+func anyEnabledModelAllowlist(policies []*types.Policy, byID map[string]*types.Guardrail) bool {
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, gID := range p.GuardrailIDs {
+			if g, ok := byID[gID]; ok && g != nil && g.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// loadGuardrailsByID loads the account's guardrails indexed by ID. Used by the
+// model-allowlist gate to resolve each candidate policy's attached guardrails.
+func (m *managerImpl) loadGuardrailsByID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (map[string]*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	guardrails, err := m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list account guardrails: %w", err)
+	}
+	byID := make(map[string]*types.Guardrail, len(guardrails))
+	for _, g := range guardrails {
+		if g != nil {
+			byID[g.ID] = g
+		}
+	}
+	return byID, nil
+}
+
+// providerCatalogID resolves a provider record id to its catalog provider
+// id, the key the model-id normalizers are picked by. A missing provider
+// resolves to the empty catalog id — the compare then runs verbatim-only,
+// which can never widen an allowlist — while a store failure propagates
+// rather than degrading a security decision.
+func (m *managerImpl) providerCatalogID(ctx context.Context, accountID, providerID string) (string, error) {
+	if providerID == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	provider, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, providerID)
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return provider.ProviderID, nil
+	case isNotFound(err):
+		return "", nil
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get provider: %w", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// filterModelPermittedPolicies returns the subset of policies whose guardrails
+// permit the model on the provider with the given catalog id. Order is
+// preserved so downstream scoring is unaffected.
+func filterModelPermittedPolicies(policies []*types.Policy, byID map[string]*types.Guardrail, model, catalogProviderID string) []*types.Policy {
+	out := make([]*types.Policy, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if policyPermitsModel(p, byID, model, catalogProviderID) {
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// policyPermitsModel reports whether a policy permits the model. No
+// allowlist-enabled guardrail = unrestricted (permits any, incl. empty);
+// otherwise the model must be in the union of its allowlists, so an
+// empty/undetermined model fails closed. An entry matches on its own
+// normalised form or, for a path-style provider, its canonical form: the
+// parser emits the canonical id for path-routed requests, while an
+// allowlist may hold the raw declared id the dashboard's picker copies
+// from the provider. The catalog id picks the normalizer, so a plain
+// provider's entries always compare verbatim.
+func policyPermitsModel(p *types.Policy, byID map[string]*types.Guardrail, model, catalogProviderID string) bool {
+	if p == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	wanted := normaliseModelID(model)
+	restricted := false
+	for _, gID := range p.GuardrailIDs {
+		g, ok := byID[gID]
+		if !ok || g == nil || !g.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		restricted = true
+		if wanted == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, allowed := range g.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models {
+			if normaliseModelID(allowed) == wanted || canonicalModelKey(catalogProviderID, allowed) == wanted {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return !restricted
+}
+
+// normaliseModelID lowercases and trims a model identifier so the allowlist
+// compare is case-insensitive and trim-tolerant. Mirrors the proxy guardrail's
+// normaliseModel so both layers agree on what "same model" means.
+func normaliseModelID(model string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(model))
+}
+
+// modelBlockedReason builds the human-readable deny reason for a model-allowlist
+// rejection. The model is quoted when known; an undetermined model is reported
+// as such so the access log distinguishes "wrong model" from "no model".
+func modelBlockedReason(model string) string {
+	if normaliseModelID(model) == "" {
+		return "request model could not be determined for the policy allowlist"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("model %q is not permitted by any applicable policy allowlist", model)
+}
+
+// candidate is the per-policy intermediate the selector ranks. A
+// policy that's been exhausted on any enabled cap never makes it
+// into this slice; the selector's deny envelope carries the latest
+// exhaustion's reason out separately.
+type candidate struct {
+	policy           *types.Policy
+	attributionGroup string
+	windowSeconds    int64
+}
+
+// scoreCandidates evaluates every applicable policy against the
+// caller's current consumption. Exhausted policies are filtered out
+// of the returned slice; the most recent exhaustion's deny code +
+// human reason is returned alongside so the caller can surface it
+// when no candidate survives.
+func scoreCandidates(
+	in PolicySelectionInput,
+	candidates []*types.Policy,
+	cache consumptionCache,
+	now time.Time,
+) ([]candidate, string, string) {
+	out := make([]candidate, 0, len(candidates))
+	var lastDenyCode, lastDenyReason string
+
+	for _, p := range candidates {
+		c, exhausted, denyCode, denyReason := scoreOne(in, p, cache, now)
+		if exhausted {
+			lastDenyCode = denyCode
+			lastDenyReason = denyReason
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, c)
+	}
+	return out, lastDenyCode, lastDenyReason
+}
+
+// scoreOne checks a single policy for cap exhaustion. Returns the
+// candidate envelope when the policy still has headroom on every
+// enabled cap; reports exhausted=true with a deny code naming the
+// offending cap kind otherwise.
+func scoreOne(
+	in PolicySelectionInput,
+	p *types.Policy,
+	cache consumptionCache,
+	now time.Time,
+) (candidate, bool, string, string) {
+	attrGroup := lowestIntersect(p.SourceGroups, in.GroupIDs)
+	c := candidate{
+		policy:           p,
+		attributionGroup: attrGroup,
+		windowSeconds:    effectiveWindowSeconds(p),
+	}
+
+	if p.Limits.TokenLimit.Enabled && p.Limits.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds > 0 {
+		if exhausted, reason := evalTokenCap(cache, in.AccountID, in.UserID, attrGroup, p.Limits.TokenLimit, now, "policy "+p.ID); exhausted {
+			return candidate{}, true, denyCodeTokenCapExceeded, reason
+		}
+	}
+
+	if p.Limits.BudgetLimit.Enabled && p.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds > 0 {
+		if exhausted, reason := evalBudgetCap(cache, in.AccountID, in.UserID, attrGroup, p.Limits.BudgetLimit, now, "policy "+p.ID); exhausted {
+			return candidate{}, true, denyCodeBudgetCapExceeded, reason
+		}
+	}
+
+	return c, false, "", ""
+}
+
+// evalTokenCap reports whether the token limit is already exhausted for the
+// caller in its own window. attrGroup may be empty (no group dimension applies).
+// label identifies the cap source ("policy <id>" or "account rule <id>") for the
+// deny reason. It is the shared primitive behind both policy and account-rule
+// enforcement.
+func evalTokenCap(
+	cache consumptionCache,
+	accountID, userID, attrGroup string,
+	tl types.PolicyTokenLimit,
+	now time.Time,
+	label string,
+) (bool, string) {
+	windowStart := types.WindowStart(now, tl.WindowSeconds)
+
+	if tl.UserCap > 0 && userID != "" {
+		row := cache.get(accountID, types.DimensionUser, userID, tl.WindowSeconds, windowStart)
+		used := row.TokensInput + row.TokensOutput
+		if used >= tl.UserCap {
+			return true, fmt.Sprintf("user token cap exhausted on %s (used %d of %d)", label, used, tl.UserCap)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if tl.GroupCap > 0 && attrGroup != "" {
+		row := cache.get(accountID, types.DimensionGroup, attrGroup, tl.WindowSeconds, windowStart)
+		used := row.TokensInput + row.TokensOutput
+		if used >= tl.GroupCap {
+			return true, fmt.Sprintf("group token cap exhausted on %s (used %d of %d)", label, used, tl.GroupCap)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false, ""
+}
+
+// evalBudgetCap is the budget (USD) counterpart of evalTokenCap.
+func evalBudgetCap(
+	cache consumptionCache,
+	accountID, userID, attrGroup string,
+	bl types.PolicyBudgetLimit,
+	now time.Time,
+	label string,
+) (bool, string) {
+	windowStart := types.WindowStart(now, bl.WindowSeconds)
+
+	if bl.UserCapUsd > 0 && userID != "" {
+		row := cache.get(accountID, types.DimensionUser, userID, bl.WindowSeconds, windowStart)
+		if row.CostUSD >= bl.UserCapUsd {
+			return true, fmt.Sprintf("user budget cap exhausted on %s (used $%.4f of $%.4f)", label, row.CostUSD, bl.UserCapUsd)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if bl.GroupCapUsd > 0 && attrGroup != "" {
+		row := cache.get(accountID, types.DimensionGroup, attrGroup, bl.WindowSeconds, windowStart)
+		if row.CostUSD >= bl.GroupCapUsd {
+			return true, fmt.Sprintf("group budget cap exhausted on %s (used $%.4f of $%.4f)", label, row.CostUSD, bl.GroupCapUsd)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false, ""
+}
+
+// checkAccountBudget evaluates every applicable account-level budget rule as an
+// all-must-pass ceiling. A rule applies when the caller is in its TargetUsers,
+// one of its TargetGroups, or it has no targets at all (account-wide). Returns
+// deny=true with an llm_account.* code on the first exhausted rule. Group caps
+// attribute to the lowest intersecting group (the same model policies use), so
+// multi-group behavior is unchanged.
+func checkAccountBudget(in PolicySelectionInput, rules []*types.AccountBudgetRule, cache consumptionCache, now time.Time) (bool, string, string) {
+	for _, r := range rules {
+		if r == nil || !r.Enabled || !budgetRuleApplies(r, in) {
+			continue
+		}
+		attrGroup := lowestIntersect(r.TargetGroups, in.GroupIDs)
+		label := "account rule " + r.ID
+
+		if r.Limits.TokenLimit.Enabled && r.Limits.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds > 0 {
+			if exhausted, reason := evalTokenCap(cache, in.AccountID, in.UserID, attrGroup, r.Limits.TokenLimit, now, label); exhausted {
+				return true, denyCodeAccountTokenCapExceeded, reason
+			}
+		}
+
+		if r.Limits.BudgetLimit.Enabled && r.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds > 0 {
+			if exhausted, reason := evalBudgetCap(cache, in.AccountID, in.UserID, attrGroup, r.Limits.BudgetLimit, now, label); exhausted {
+				return true, denyCodeAccountBudgetCapExceeded, reason
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false, "", ""
+}
+
+// budgetRuleApplies reports whether an account budget rule binds the caller:
+// a direct user match, a group intersection, or an untargeted (account-wide)
+// rule.
+func budgetRuleApplies(r *types.AccountBudgetRule, in PolicySelectionInput) bool {
+	if len(r.TargetUsers) == 0 && len(r.TargetGroups) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	if in.UserID != "" && sliceContains(r.TargetUsers, in.UserID) {
+		return true
+	}
+	groupSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(in.GroupIDs))
+	for _, g := range in.GroupIDs {
+		if g != "" {
+			groupSet[g] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return anyGroupMatches(r.TargetGroups, groupSet)
+}
+
+// RecordAccountBudgetUsage fans the served request's usage out to every
+// applicable account budget rule's own (dimension, window) counter. The user
+// dimension is always booked when a rule has a user-applicable cap; the group
+// dimension books against the rule's lowest intersecting group. This runs
+// alongside the policy-window record so account ceilings accumulate in their own
+// windows (commonly monthly) independently of the per-policy window.
+func (m *managerImpl) RecordAccountBudgetUsage(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, groupIDs []string, tokensIn, tokensOut int64, costUSD float64) error {
+	if accountID == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "account_id is required")
+	}
+	if err := validateUsageDeltas(tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	rules, err := m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list account budget rules: %w", err)
+	}
+	set := make(map[types.ConsumptionKey]struct{})
+	addAccountBudgetKeys(set, PolicySelectionInput{AccountID: accountID, UserID: userID, GroupIDs: groupIDs}, rules, time.Now().UTC())
+	if len(set) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return m.store.IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx, accountID, keysSlice(set), tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD)
+}
+
+// RecordUsageInput carries everything RecordUsage books for one served request.
+type RecordUsageInput struct {
+	AccountID          string
+	UserID             string
+	AttributionGroupID string // selected policy's attribution group (policy window)
+	GroupIDs           []string
+	WindowSeconds      int64 // selected policy's window; 0 means no policy cap
+	TokensIn           int64
+	TokensOut          int64
+	CostUSD            float64
+}
+
+// RecordUsage books a served request's usage against every counter it touches —
+// the selected policy's per-(user, group) window plus every applicable account
+// budget rule's own window — deduplicated and written in a single transaction.
+// Two counters that collapse to the same (dimension, window) tuple are booked
+// once, so a single request can never double-count against one cap.
+func (m *managerImpl) RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, in RecordUsageInput) error {
+	if in.AccountID == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "account_id is required")
+	}
+	if err := validateUsageDeltas(in.TokensIn, in.TokensOut, in.CostUSD); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	set := make(map[types.ConsumptionKey]struct{})
+
+	// Policy-window dimensions are booked only when a policy cap bound this
+	// request (window > 0). A zero window means catch-all-allow / no policy cap;
+	// the account fan-out below still books against the budget rules' windows.
+	if in.WindowSeconds > 0 {
+		addLimitKeys(set, in.UserID, in.AttributionGroupID, in.WindowSeconds, now)
+	}
+
+	rules, err := m.store.GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, in.AccountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("list account budget rules: %w", err)
+	}
+	addAccountBudgetKeys(set, PolicySelectionInput{AccountID: in.AccountID, UserID: in.UserID, GroupIDs: in.GroupIDs}, rules, now)
+
+	if len(set) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return m.store.IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx, in.AccountID, keysSlice(set), in.TokensIn, in.TokensOut, in.CostUSD)
+}
+
+// addAccountBudgetKeys adds the (dimension, window) keys a served request books
+// against every applicable account budget rule into the dedup set.
+func addAccountBudgetKeys(set map[types.ConsumptionKey]struct{}, in PolicySelectionInput, rules []*types.AccountBudgetRule, now time.Time) {
+	for _, r := range rules {
+		if r == nil || !r.Enabled || !budgetRuleApplies(r, in) {
+			continue
+		}
+		attrGroup := lowestIntersect(r.TargetGroups, in.GroupIDs)
+		for _, window := range ruleWindows(r) {
+			addLimitKeys(set, in.UserID, attrGroup, window, now)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// keysSlice flattens a ConsumptionKey set into a slice.
+func keysSlice(set map[types.ConsumptionKey]struct{}) []types.ConsumptionKey {
+	keys := make([]types.ConsumptionKey, 0, len(set))
+	for k := range set {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	return keys
+}
+
+// ruleWindows returns the distinct enabled window lengths a budget rule books
+// against (token window and/or budget window, deduplicated).
+func ruleWindows(r *types.AccountBudgetRule) []int64 {
+	var windows []int64
+	if r.Limits.TokenLimit.Enabled && r.Limits.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds > 0 {
+		windows = append(windows, r.Limits.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds)
+	}
+	if r.Limits.BudgetLimit.Enabled && r.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds > 0 {
+		bw := r.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds
+		if len(windows) == 0 || windows[0] != bw {
+			windows = append(windows, bw)
+		}
+	}
+	return windows
+}
+
+// effectiveWindowSeconds returns the window length the proxy should
+// hand back to RecordLLMUsage. When both halves are enabled with
+// different windows, token_limit wins (the more common config); when
+// only one is enabled that one wins; when neither is enabled the
+// returned value is 0 — RecordLLMUsage treats 0 as "no limit
+// tracking" and skips the increment, which is the right pass-through
+// for catch-all-allow policies with no caps configured.
+func effectiveWindowSeconds(p *types.Policy) int64 {
+	if p.Limits.TokenLimit.Enabled && p.Limits.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds > 0 {
+		return p.Limits.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds
+	}
+	if p.Limits.BudgetLimit.Enabled && p.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds > 0 {
+		return p.Limits.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// lowestIntersect returns the lowest-by-string-sort element of
+// callerGroups ∩ sourceGroups. Empty when the intersection is empty.
+// Lowest is deterministic so multi-node selection converges.
+func lowestIntersect(sourceGroups, callerGroups []string) string {
+	if len(sourceGroups) == 0 || len(callerGroups) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	srcSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(sourceGroups))
+	for _, g := range sourceGroups {
+		srcSet[g] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	var best string
+	for _, g := range callerGroups {
+		if _, ok := srcSet[g]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if best == "" || g < best {
+			best = g
+		}
+	}
+	return best
+}
+
+func anyGroupMatches(sourceGroups []string, callerSet map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	for _, g := range sourceGroups {
+		if _, ok := callerSet[g]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// isUncapped reports whether a policy has any enabled cap with a
+// positive limit value. Mirrors the eval functions' guards: a policy
+// with token_limit.enabled=true but every cap value at 0 still
+// counts as uncapped because the eval would query nothing and bind
+// nothing.
+func isUncapped(p *types.Policy) bool {
+	tl := p.Limits.TokenLimit
+	if tl.Enabled && tl.WindowSeconds > 0 && (tl.GroupCap > 0 || tl.UserCap > 0) {
+		return false
+	}
+	bl := p.Limits.BudgetLimit
+	if bl.Enabled && bl.WindowSeconds > 0 && (bl.GroupCapUsd > 0 || bl.UserCapUsd > 0) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// groupCapTokens returns the policy's group-token cap when the token
+// limit is enabled, zero otherwise. Drives the primary "bigger pool
+// first" sort.
+func groupCapTokens(p *types.Policy) int64 {
+	if p.Limits.TokenLimit.Enabled {
+		return p.Limits.TokenLimit.GroupCap
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// groupCapBudgetUsd returns the policy's group-budget cap in USD
+// when the budget limit is enabled, zero otherwise. Secondary sort
+// key after token group cap so budget-only policies still order
+// predictably.
+func groupCapBudgetUsd(p *types.Policy) float64 {
+	if p.Limits.BudgetLimit.Enabled {
+		return p.Limits.BudgetLimit.GroupCapUsd
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// userCapTokens returns the policy's per-user token cap when the
+// token limit is enabled, zero otherwise. Tertiary sort key, used
+// when group caps tie or are absent.
+func userCapTokens(p *types.Policy) int64 {
+	if p.Limits.TokenLimit.Enabled {
+		return p.Limits.TokenLimit.UserCap
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// userCapBudgetUsd returns the policy's per-user budget cap in USD
+// when the budget limit is enabled, zero otherwise. Quaternary sort
+// key for budget-only policies whose group caps tie or are absent.
+func userCapBudgetUsd(p *types.Policy) float64 {
+	if p.Limits.BudgetLimit.Enabled {
+		return p.Limits.BudgetLimit.UserCapUsd
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func sliceContains(haystack []string, needle string) bool {
+	for _, v := range haystack {
+		if v == needle {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// mockManager fallback so tests that don't care about selection still
+// compile.
+func (*mockManager) SelectPolicyForRequest(_ context.Context, _ PolicySelectionInput) (*PolicySelectionResult, error) {
+	return &PolicySelectionResult{Allow: true}, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_account_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_account_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3b13a6cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_account_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// GC-2 no-mock enforcement tests for the account-budget ceiling. They drive the
+// real store + real consumption accounting through SelectPolicyForRequest and
+// RecordAccountBudgetUsage, asserting min-wins (account binds independently of
+// policy), targeting (groups + direct users), and the record fan-out.
+
+func accountWideUserTokenRule(id string, userCap, window int64) *types.AccountBudgetRule {
+	r := types.NewAccountBudgetRule(realSelectAccount)
+	r.ID = id
+	r.Limits.TokenLimit = types.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: true, UserCap: userCap, WindowSeconds: window}
+	return r
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AccountCeilingBindsEvenWithUncappedPolicy proves
+// min-wins: the account user ceiling denies once exhausted even though a
+// catch-all-allow (uncapped) policy would otherwise pass the request. The
+// account gate runs independently of and ahead of policy selection.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AccountCeilingBindsEvenWithUncappedPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// An uncapped (catch-all-allow) policy: enabled token limit, zero caps.
+	uncapped := capPolicy("pol-open", realSelectAccount, []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", 0, 86_400)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, uncapped))
+
+	// Account-wide user ceiling of 100 tokens in an hourly window.
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, accountWideUserTokenRule("ainbud-1", 100, 3_600)))
+
+	in := PolicySelectionInput{AccountID: realSelectAccount, UserID: "user-1", GroupIDs: []string{"grp-eng"}, ProviderID: "prov-1"}
+
+	// Fresh: account ceiling has headroom, uncapped policy wins.
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "fresh account ceiling must allow")
+
+	// Drain the account user ceiling via the fan-out path.
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordAccountBudgetUsage(ctx, realSelectAccount, "user-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, 100, 0, 0))
+
+	res, err = mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "account ceiling must deny even though the policy is uncapped (min-wins)")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeAccountTokenCapExceeded, res.DenyCode, "deny must carry the llm_account.* code")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AccountGroupCeiling proves a group-targeted rule
+// binds the caller's group dimension.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AccountGroupCeiling(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rule := types.NewAccountBudgetRule(realSelectAccount)
+	rule.ID = "ainbud-grp"
+	rule.TargetGroups = []string{"grp-eng"}
+	rule.Limits.BudgetLimit = types.PolicyBudgetLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCapUsd: 5.0, WindowSeconds: 2_592_000}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, rule))
+
+	in := PolicySelectionInput{AccountID: realSelectAccount, UserID: "user-1", GroupIDs: []string{"grp-eng"}, ProviderID: "prov-1"}
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "fresh group ceiling must allow")
+
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordAccountBudgetUsage(ctx, realSelectAccount, "user-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, 0, 0, 5.0))
+
+	res, err = mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "group budget ceiling must deny once spent")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeAccountBudgetCapExceeded, res.DenyCode, "account budget deny code")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AccountTargetUsersBindsOnlyThatUser proves a
+// TargetUsers rule tightens only the named user, leaving others unbound.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AccountTargetUsersBindsOnlyThatUser(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	rule := types.NewAccountBudgetRule(realSelectAccount)
+	rule.ID = "ainbud-alice"
+	rule.TargetUsers = []string{"alice"}
+	rule.Limits.TokenLimit = types.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: true, UserCap: 100, WindowSeconds: 3_600}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, rule))
+
+	// Record alice's usage to the rule window.
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordAccountBudgetUsage(ctx, realSelectAccount, "alice", nil, 100, 0, 0))
+
+	aliceIn := PolicySelectionInput{AccountID: realSelectAccount, UserID: "alice", ProviderID: "prov-1"}
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, aliceIn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "alice is bound by the TargetUsers rule and is exhausted")
+
+	bobIn := PolicySelectionInput{AccountID: realSelectAccount, UserID: "bob", ProviderID: "prov-1"}
+	res, err = mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, bobIn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "bob is not in TargetUsers, so the rule must not bind him")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AccountRuleRecordsToOwnWindow proves the record
+// fan-out books usage in the rule's own window (distinct from any policy
+// window), so the account ceiling accumulates independently.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AccountRuleRecordsToOwnWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, accountWideUserTokenRule("ainbud-w", 100, 3_600)))
+
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordAccountBudgetUsage(ctx, realSelectAccount, "user-1", nil, 60, 0, 0))
+
+	// Same user, a policy-style daily window must NOT see the account-window
+	// usage — windows are independent counters.
+	dailyRow, err := s.GetAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, realSelectAccount, types.DimensionUser, "user-1", 86_400, types.WindowStart(time.Now().UTC(), 86_400))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), dailyRow.TokensInput+dailyRow.TokensOutput, "daily window must be untouched by the hourly account-rule record")
+
+	// A second record pushes the hourly account window to its cap → deny.
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordAccountBudgetUsage(ctx, realSelectAccount, "user-1", nil, 40, 0, 0))
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, PolicySelectionInput{AccountID: realSelectAccount, UserID: "user-1", ProviderID: "prov-1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "100 tokens recorded in the rule's hourly window must exhaust the 100-token ceiling")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeAccountTokenCapExceeded, res.DenyCode, "account token deny code")
+}
+
+// TestRecordUsage_RealStore_BooksPolicyAndAccountWindows proves the batched
+// post-flight write books the selected policy's window AND every applicable
+// account rule's (independent) window in a single call — the #6 batched-write
+// path the proxy's RecordLLMUsage RPC now uses.
+func TestRecordUsage_RealStore_BooksPolicyAndAccountWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Policy: 100-token group cap on a daily window. Account rule: 100-token
+	// user ceiling on an hourly window — an independent counter.
+	policy := capPolicy("pol-1", realSelectAccount, []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", 100, 86_400)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, accountWideUserTokenRule("ainbud-1", 100, 3_600)))
+
+	in := PolicySelectionInput{AccountID: realSelectAccount, UserID: "user-1", GroupIDs: []string{"grp-eng"}, ProviderID: "prov-1"}
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, res.Allow)
+	require.Equal(t, "pol-1", res.SelectedPolicyID)
+
+	// One batched record books the policy window (group + user @86400) and the
+	// account rule window (user @3600) atomically.
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordUsage(ctx, RecordUsageInput{
+		AccountID:          realSelectAccount,
+		UserID:             "user-1",
+		AttributionGroupID: res.AttributionGroupID,
+		GroupIDs:           []string{"grp-eng"},
+		WindowSeconds:      res.WindowSeconds,
+		TokensIn:           100,
+	}))
+
+	// The next selection denies — the account hourly ceiling binds first.
+	res, err = mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "usage booked by RecordUsage must enforce on the next request")
+
+	// Prove BOTH windows were booked in the one call via a direct batch read.
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	userKey := types.ConsumptionKey{Kind: types.DimensionUser, DimID: "user-1", WindowSeconds: 3_600, WindowStartUTC: types.WindowStart(now, 3_600)}
+	groupKey := types.ConsumptionKey{Kind: types.DimensionGroup, DimID: "grp-eng", WindowSeconds: 86_400, WindowStartUTC: types.WindowStart(now, 86_400)}
+	rows, err := s.GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, realSelectAccount, []types.ConsumptionKey{userKey, groupKey})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Contains(t, rows, userKey, "account rule user/hourly window booked")
+	require.Contains(t, rows, groupKey, "policy group/daily window booked")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(100), rows[userKey].TokensInput, "account hourly user counter")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(100), rows[groupKey].TokensInput, "policy daily group counter")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_model_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_model_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c70816b98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_model_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// guardedPolicy builds an enabled, uncapped policy that authorises sourceGroups
+// to reach providerID under the given guardrails. Uncapped keeps the selector's
+// headroom scoring trivial so these tests isolate the model-allowlist gate.
+func guardedPolicy(id, account string, sourceGroups []string, providerID string, guardrailIDs ...string) *types.Policy {
+	return &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     id,
+		AccountID:              account,
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           sourceGroups,
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{providerID},
+		GuardrailIDs:           guardrailIDs,
+		CreatedAt:              time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+}
+
+// allowlistGuardrail builds a guardrail whose model allowlist is enabled and
+// carries the given models.
+func allowlistGuardrail(id, account string, models ...string) *types.Guardrail {
+	return &types.Guardrail{
+		ID:        id,
+		AccountID: account,
+		Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{
+			ModelAllowlist: types.GuardrailModelAllowlist{Enabled: true, Models: models},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func expectPolicies(mockStore *store.MockStore, account string, policies ...*types.Policy) {
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), account).
+		Return(policies, nil)
+}
+
+func expectGuardrails(mockStore *store.MockStore, account string, guardrails ...*types.Guardrail) {
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), account).
+		Return(guardrails, nil)
+}
+
+// expectProviderCatalog resolves the destination provider to the given
+// catalog provider id, which picks the model-id normalizer the allowlist
+// gate compares through. AnyTimes: the lookup runs only when the guardrail
+// gate is reached.
+func expectProviderCatalog(mockStore *store.MockStore, account, providerID, catalog string) {
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), account, providerID).
+		Return(&types.Provider{ID: providerID, AccountID: account, ProviderID: catalog}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_ModelBlockedByAllowlist proves the authoritative allowlist
+// decision: a policy authorises the (provider, group) but restricts the model,
+// and the requested model isn't on the list, so the request is denied.
+func TestSelectPolicy_ModelBlockedByAllowlist(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", "gpt-4o"))
+	expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "openai_api")
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "claude-opus-4",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "a model outside the only applicable policy's allowlist must be denied")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeModelBlocked, res.DenyCode, "deny code must be model_blocked")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, res.DenyReason, "deny reason must be populated")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_ModelAllowedByAllowlist is the allow counterpart: the model
+// is on the applicable policy's allowlist, so selection proceeds normally.
+func TestSelectPolicy_ModelAllowedByAllowlist(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", "gpt-4o", "claude-opus-4"))
+	expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "openai_api")
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "claude-opus-4",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "a model on the applicable policy's allowlist must be allowed")
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-A", res.SelectedPolicyID)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_CaseInsensitiveModelMatch proves the compare tolerates case
+// and surrounding whitespace, matching the proxy guardrail's normalisation.
+func TestSelectPolicy_CaseInsensitiveModelMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", "  GPT-4o  "))
+	expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "openai_api")
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4o",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "case/whitespace variants must match the allowlist entry")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_UnguardedPolicyIsUnrestricted is the false-deny fix: when two
+// policies authorise the same (provider, group) and one has no guardrail, that
+// policy makes the request unrestricted — not caught by the other's allowlist.
+func TestSelectPolicy_UnguardedPolicyIsUnrestricted(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	restricted := guardedPolicy("pol-restricted", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+	open := guardedPolicy("pol-open", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1") // no guardrail
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", restricted, open)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", "gpt-4o"))
+	expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "openai_api")
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "claude-opus-4",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "an un-guardrailed policy for the same (provider, group) must leave the request unrestricted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-open", res.SelectedPolicyID, "the unrestricted policy must be the one that pays")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_AllowlistDoesNotLeakAcrossGroups is the false-allow fix: a
+// model allowlisted only for grp-b must not be usable by a grp-a caller. The
+// selector considers only policies applicable to the caller's groups.
+func TestSelectPolicy_AllowlistDoesNotLeakAcrossGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	polA := guardedPolicy("pol-a", "acc-1", []string{"grp-a"}, "prov-1", "g-a")
+	polB := guardedPolicy("pol-b", "acc-1", []string{"grp-b"}, "prov-1", "g-b")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", polA, polB)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1",
+		allowlistGuardrail("g-a", "acc-1", "gpt-4o"),
+		allowlistGuardrail("g-b", "acc-1", "claude-opus-4"),
+	)
+	expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "openai_api")
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-a"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "claude-opus-4", // only allowed for grp-b
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "grp-b's allowlisted model must not leak to a grp-a caller")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeModelBlocked, res.DenyCode)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_UndeterminedModelFailsClosed proves the fail-closed contract
+// mirrors the proxy: with a restricted applicable policy and an empty model
+// (e.g. a path-routed shape the parser couldn't map), the request is denied.
+func TestSelectPolicy_UndeterminedModelFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", "gpt-4o"))
+	expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "openai_api")
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "", // undetermined
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "an undetermined model must fail closed against a restricted policy")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeModelBlocked, res.DenyCode)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_DisabledAllowlistDoesNotRestrict proves a guardrail whose
+// model allowlist is disabled imposes no model restriction, even though the
+// policy references it.
+func TestSelectPolicy_DisabledAllowlistDoesNotRestrict(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+	disabled := &types.Guardrail{
+		ID:        "g-1",
+		AccountID: "acc-1",
+		Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{
+			ModelAllowlist: types.GuardrailModelAllowlist{Enabled: false, Models: []string{"gpt-4o"}},
+		},
+	}
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", disabled)
+	// Deliberately no provider expectation: with no enabled allowlist the
+	// gate must skip the catalog-id lookup entirely.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "anything-goes",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "a disabled allowlist must not restrict the model")
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-A", res.SelectedPolicyID)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_UnionAcrossPolicyGuardrails proves a policy with multiple
+// allowlist guardrails permits the union of their models (not just the first).
+func TestSelectPolicy_UnionAcrossPolicyGuardrails(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1", "g-2")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1",
+		allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", "gpt-4o"),
+		allowlistGuardrail("g-2", "acc-1", "claude-opus-4"),
+	)
+	expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "openai_api")
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "claude-opus-4", // only in the second guardrail's list
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "a model in any of the policy's allowlist guardrails must be permitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-A", res.SelectedPolicyID)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_GuardrailLookupErrorPropagates proves a store failure while
+// resolving the candidate policies' guardrails surfaces as an error, not a
+// silent allow/deny.
+func TestSelectPolicy_GuardrailLookupErrorPropagates(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return(nil, errors.New("store unavailable"))
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4o",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err, "a guardrail-lookup failure must surface as an error")
+	assert.Nil(t, res)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_MissingGuardrailReferenceTreatedAsUnrestricted proves a
+// policy referencing a guardrail ID absent from the account's set (a stale
+// reference) imposes no model restriction — same as no guardrail.
+func TestSelectPolicy_MissingGuardrailReferenceTreatedAsUnrestricted(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-missing")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1")
+	// Deliberately no provider expectation: an orphaned guardrail reference
+	// restricts nothing, so the gate must skip the catalog-id lookup.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "anything-goes",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "an orphaned guardrail reference must not restrict the model")
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-A", res.SelectedPolicyID)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_PartialCandidatesPermittedAfterModelFilter proves the model
+// gate narrows candidates before cap scoring: the permitting policy is selected
+// even though the blocked one has a larger, more attractive cap.
+func TestSelectPolicy_PartialCandidatesPermittedAfterModelFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	polBig := guardedPolicy("pol-big", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-restrict")
+	polBig.Limits = types.PolicyLimits{
+		TokenLimit: types.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCap: 1_000_000, WindowSeconds: 3600},
+	}
+	polSmall := guardedPolicy("pol-small", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-permit")
+	polSmall.Limits = types.PolicyLimits{
+		TokenLimit: types.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCap: 100, WindowSeconds: 3600},
+	}
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", polBig, polSmall)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1",
+		allowlistGuardrail("g-restrict", "acc-1", "gpt-4o"),
+		allowlistGuardrail("g-permit", "acc-1", "claude-opus-4"),
+	)
+	expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "openai_api")
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "claude-opus-4", // only pol-small's guardrail permits this
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-small", res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		"the model filter must exclude pol-big before cap scoring")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RawDeclaredAllowlistPermitsCanonicalModel proves an
+// allowlist holding the raw vendor-issued id — the form the dashboard's
+// picker copies from a provider's declared models — permits the request:
+// the parser emits the path-style canonical id, so the entry must match
+// through the same canonicalization.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RawDeclaredAllowlistPermitsCanonicalModel(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		catalog string
+		entry   string
+		request string
+	}{
+		{"bedrock raw region/version form", "bedrock_api", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		{"vertex raw @version form", "vertex_ai_api", "claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929", "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		{"vertex raw dated @version form", "vertex_ai_api", "gpt-4o@2024-08-06", "gpt-4o"},
+		{"bedrock raw form with case and whitespace", "bedrock_api", " EU.Anthropic.Claude-Sonnet-4-5-20250929-V1:0 ", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+			mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+			policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+			expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+			expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", tc.entry))
+			expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", tc.catalog)
+			expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+			res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+				AccountID:  "acc-1",
+				UserID:     "user-1",
+				GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+				ProviderID: "prov-1",
+				Model:      tc.request,
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.True(t, res.Allow, "the raw declared allowlist entry must permit its canonical model")
+			assert.Equal(t, "pol-A", res.SelectedPolicyID)
+		})
+	}
+
+	// A model outside the allowlist stays denied under the same entry shape.
+	t.Run("unrelated canonical model stays denied", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+		mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+		policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+		expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+		expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"))
+		expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "bedrock_api")
+
+		res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+			AccountID:  "acc-1",
+			UserID:     "user-1",
+			GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+			ProviderID: "prov-1",
+			Model:      "anthropic.claude-opus-4-8",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, res.Allow, "a model the allowlist never names must stay denied")
+		assert.Equal(t, denyCodeModelBlocked, res.DenyCode)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_PlainProviderEntriesStayVerbatim proves the canonical-form
+// compare never relaxes an allowlist on a body-routed provider: its catalog
+// id selects no normalizer, so a suffix that would be stripped under Bedrock
+// ("-v2") or Vertex ("@...") stays part of the entry and must NOT also admit
+// the stripped id — on this provider that is a different model.
+func TestSelectPolicy_PlainProviderEntriesStayVerbatim(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		entry   string
+		request string
+	}{
+		{"a -vN suffix is not a Bedrock version tag here", "claude-3-5-sonnet-v2", "claude-3-5-sonnet"},
+		{"an @word suffix is not a Vertex version tag here", "custom-model@team", "custom-model"},
+		{"an @digits suffix is not a Vertex version tag here", "custom-model@2024", "custom-model"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+			mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+			policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+			expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+			expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", tc.entry))
+			expectProviderCatalog(mockStore, "acc-1", "prov-1", "openai_api")
+
+			res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+				AccountID:  "acc-1",
+				UserID:     "user-1",
+				GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+				ProviderID: "prov-1",
+				Model:      tc.request,
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.False(t, res.Allow, "a plain provider's allowlist entry must not widen to its stripped form")
+			assert.Equal(t, denyCodeModelBlocked, res.DenyCode)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_MissingProviderRecordComparesVerbatim proves a provider the
+// store no longer holds degrades to the verbatim-only compare — the raw entry
+// still matches itself, and nothing widens — rather than erroring or guessing
+// a normalizer.
+func TestSelectPolicy_MissingProviderRecordComparesVerbatim(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"))
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1", "prov-1").
+		Return(nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "provider not found")).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "without the provider record the compare runs verbatim and must not widen")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeModelBlocked, res.DenyCode)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_ProviderLookupErrorPropagates proves a store failure while
+// resolving the provider's catalog id surfaces as an error — the model gate is
+// a security decision and must not silently degrade.
+func TestSelectPolicy_ProviderLookupErrorPropagates(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := guardedPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", "g-1")
+	expectPolicies(mockStore, "acc-1", policy)
+	expectGuardrails(mockStore, "acc-1", allowlistGuardrail("g-1", "acc-1", "gpt-4o"))
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1", "prov-1").
+		Return(nil, errors.New("store unavailable"))
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4o",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err, "a provider-lookup failure must surface as an error")
+	assert.Nil(t, res)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc8cfb1e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// This file is the no-mock regression guard for policy limit enforcement.
+// policyselect_test.go pins the same behavior through a gomock store with
+// explicit call-sequence expectations — brittle precisely where the upcoming
+// account-budget work (GC-2) refactors the cap-eval primitive and adds an
+// account-level gate. These tests drive the REAL sqlite store + REAL
+// consumption accounting and assert observable behavior (allow / deny /
+// selection / attribution), not which store methods get called. They must keep
+// passing unchanged after GC-2 lands, which is what proves "current behavior is
+// not changed."
+
+const realSelectAccount = "acc-realselect-1"
+
+// newRealSelectorMgr builds a managerImpl backed by a real sqlite test store.
+func newRealSelectorMgr(t *testing.T) (*managerImpl, store.Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+	return &managerImpl{store: s}, s
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_NoApplicablePolicies pins the pass-through:
+// nothing targets the (provider, groups) combination, so the selector allows
+// without attribution or consumption tracking.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_NoApplicablePolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, _ := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  realSelectAccount,
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-x"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "no applicable policy must pass through as allow")
+	assert.Empty(t, res.SelectedPolicyID, "no selection when nothing applies")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AllowAndLowestGroupAttribution pins the v1
+// attribution rule (lowest intersecting group by string sort) through the
+// real store, with a fresh (zero) consumption row.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_AllowAndLowestGroupAttribution(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	p := capPolicy("pol-A", realSelectAccount, []string{"grp-zz", "grp-aa", "grp-mm"}, "prov-1", 10_000, 86_400)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, p))
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  realSelectAccount,
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-zz", "grp-aa", "grp-mm"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "fresh state under cap must allow")
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-A", res.SelectedPolicyID, "only applicable policy must be selected")
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-aa", res.AttributionGroupID, "lowest-by-sort intersecting group must win")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(86_400), res.WindowSeconds, "selected policy's window must be returned")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_LargerPoolWins_FallsThroughWhenExhausted pins the
+// core selection behavior end to end. The two policies bind DISTINCT groups so
+// they read separate counters — the only shape where fall-through actually
+// yields headroom (policies on the same group share one counter, as
+// policyselect_test.go notes). Larger pool wins fresh; after real consumption
+// drains the larger group, selection falls through to the smaller; once both
+// counters are exhausted the request is denied.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_LargerPoolWins_FallsThroughWhenExhausted(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	tight := capPolicy("pol-tight", realSelectAccount, []string{"grp-tight"}, "prov-1", 100, 86_400)
+	tight.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	wide := capPolicy("pol-wide", realSelectAccount, []string{"grp-wide"}, "prov-1", 10_000, 86_400)
+	wide.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, tight))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, wide))
+
+	// Caller is in both groups, so both policies apply with independent counters.
+	in := PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  realSelectAccount,
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-tight", "grp-wide"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	}
+
+	// Fresh: larger pool wins.
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-wide", res.SelectedPolicyID, "larger pool drains first")
+
+	// Drain only the wide group's counter to its cap.
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordConsumption(ctx, realSelectAccount, types.DimensionGroup, "grp-wide", 86_400, 10_000, 0, 0))
+
+	// Wide exhausted, tight's separate counter is fresh → fall through to tight.
+	res, err = mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "tight pool has its own untouched counter")
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-tight", res.SelectedPolicyID, "selection falls through to the smaller pool once the larger is exhausted")
+
+	// Drain the tight group's counter too → both exhausted → deny.
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordConsumption(ctx, realSelectAccount, types.DimensionGroup, "grp-tight", 86_400, 100, 0, 0))
+	res, err = mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "both group counters exhausted must deny")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeTokenCapExceeded, res.DenyCode, "deny code names the offending cap kind")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_BudgetCapDenies pins budget (USD) enforcement
+// through the real store: once recorded cost reaches the cap, deny.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_BudgetCapDenies(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	p := &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     "pol-budget",
+		AccountID:              realSelectAccount,
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-eng"},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{"prov-1"},
+		Limits: types.PolicyLimits{
+			BudgetLimit: types.PolicyBudgetLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCapUsd:   5.0,
+				WindowSeconds: 86_400,
+			},
+		},
+		CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, p))
+
+	in := PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  realSelectAccount,
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	}
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "fresh budget must allow")
+
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordConsumption(ctx, realSelectAccount, types.DimensionGroup, "grp-eng", 86_400, 0, 0, 5.0))
+
+	res, err = mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "cost at the cap must deny")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeBudgetCapExceeded, res.DenyCode, "budget deny code must be surfaced")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_GroupCounterSharedAcrossPolicies pins that two
+// policies on the same group+window read one shared consumption counter: usage
+// recorded once is visible to both, so exhausting the group budget denies
+// regardless of which policy would attribute.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_GroupCounterSharedAcrossPolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	a := capPolicy("pol-a", realSelectAccount, []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", 1_000, 86_400)
+	b := capPolicy("pol-b", realSelectAccount, []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", 1_000, 86_400)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, a))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, b))
+
+	in := PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  realSelectAccount,
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.RecordConsumption(ctx, realSelectAccount, types.DimensionGroup, "grp-eng", 86_400, 1_000, 0, 0))
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "shared group counter at cap denies both equal policies")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeTokenCapExceeded, res.DenyCode, "token deny code on the shared counter")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_DisabledPolicyIgnored pins that a disabled policy
+// is invisible to selection even when it otherwise matches.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RealStore_DisabledPolicyIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, s := newRealSelectorMgr(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	p := capPolicy("pol-disabled", realSelectAccount, []string{"grp-eng"}, "prov-1", 10_000, 86_400)
+	p.Enabled = false
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, p))
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  realSelectAccount,
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-eng"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "no enabled policy applies → pass-through allow")
+	assert.Empty(t, res.SelectedPolicyID, "disabled policy must not be selected")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ca548344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/policyselect_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	nbstatus "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+func newSelectorMgr(t *testing.T, ctrl *gomock.Controller) (*managerImpl, *store.MockStore) {
+	t.Helper()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	// SelectPolicyForRequest evaluates the account-budget ceiling before policy
+	// selection. These policy-selection tests don't exercise account rules, so
+	// default to "no rules" — the no-mock policyselect_realstore_test.go covers
+	// the account gate's behavior end to end.
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Return(nil, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
+	return &managerImpl{store: mockStore}, mockStore
+}
+
+type usedKey struct {
+	kind   types.ConsumptionDimension
+	dimID  string
+	window int64
+}
+
+// expectConsumptionBatch stubs the batched consumption read to return the
+// supplied per-(kind, dim, window) counters, filling each row's window start
+// from the actual request keys so it always matches what the selector computed.
+// Keys absent from used resolve to zero counters.
+func expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore *store.MockStore, used map[usedKey]*types.Consumption) {
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		DoAndReturn(func(_ context.Context, _ store.LockingStrength, _ string, keys []types.ConsumptionKey) (map[types.ConsumptionKey]*types.Consumption, error) {
+			out := make(map[types.ConsumptionKey]*types.Consumption)
+			for _, k := range keys {
+				if row, ok := used[usedKey{k.Kind, k.DimID, k.WindowSeconds}]; ok {
+					rc := *row
+					rc.WindowStartUTC = k.WindowStartUTC
+					out[k] = &rc
+				}
+			}
+			return out, nil
+		}).
+		AnyTimes()
+}
+
+func capPolicy(id, account string, sourceGroups []string, providerID string, tokenCap int64, windowSec int64) *types.Policy {
+	return &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     id,
+		AccountID:              account,
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           sourceGroups,
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{providerID},
+		Limits: types.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: types.PolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCap:      tokenCap,
+				WindowSeconds: windowSec,
+			},
+		},
+		CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_NoApplicablePolicies covers the pass-through path:
+// llm_router authorisation is upstream of selection; when the
+// selector finds no policy targeting the (provider, caller-groups)
+// combination, it returns Allow with no attribution and lets the
+// request continue without consumption tracking.
+func TestSelectPolicy_NoApplicablePolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{}, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-x"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow, "no applicable policies = pass-through allow")
+	assert.Empty(t, res.SelectedPolicyID, "no selection when nothing applies")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_AllowWithLowestGroupAttribution proves the v1
+// attribution rule: when the caller's groups intersect a policy's
+// source_groups in multiple positions, the selector picks the lowest
+// group id by string sort so multi-node selection converges.
+func TestSelectPolicy_AllowWithLowestGroupAttribution(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := capPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-zz", "grp-aa", "grp-mm"}, "prov-1", 10_000, 86_400)
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policy}, nil)
+	// Fresh: zero consumption across the board.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-zz", "grp-aa", "grp-mm"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, res.Allow)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-A", res.SelectedPolicyID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-aa", res.AttributionGroupID,
+		"lowest-by-sort intersection wins so multi-node selection converges")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(86_400), res.WindowSeconds)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_LargerPoolWinsAcrossUsageLevels proves the core
+// selection rule: among multiple applicable policies with caps, the
+// selector picks the one with the larger absolute pool — at every
+// usage level, not just at fresh state. The smaller-pool policy is
+// only reached when the larger one is exhausted. This is the
+// "drain biggest first" semantic operators expect for layered
+// tiers; a fraction-based score would flap between the two as
+// soon as one is partially used.
+func TestSelectPolicy_LargerPoolWinsAcrossUsageLevels(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	tight := capPolicy("pol-tight", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 100, 86_400)
+	tight.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	wide := capPolicy("pol-wide", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 10_000, 86_400)
+	wide.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{tight, wide}, nil)
+
+	// Both partially used. tight at 50/100 (50% used); wide at
+	// 50/10000 (0.5% used). Old fraction-based algo would pick wide
+	// here too — but for the wrong reason ("more relative slack").
+	// New algo picks wide because its initial group cap is bigger
+	// (10000 > 100), and that decision is stable as wide drains.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, map[usedKey]*types.Consumption{
+		{types.DimensionGroup, "grp-engineers", 86_400}: {TokensInput: 50},
+	})
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-wide", res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		"the policy with the bigger initial pool wins — operators expect 'drain the privileged tier first', not load-balance across tiers")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_StaysOnLargerPoolAfterPartialDrain locks the
+// stickiness contract reported by operators: with two policies
+// where A has a 200-token group cap and B has 150, the very first
+// request goes to A AND every subsequent request continues to land
+// on A until A's group cap is exhausted — at which point B becomes
+// the only candidate. A fraction-based score would flap to B as
+// soon as A had any consumption (B's 1.0 fraction beats A's 0.75)
+// even though A still has more absolute headroom; that produced
+// confusing per-policy attribution ledger entries and stranded
+// A's remaining capacity behind B's exhaustion.
+func TestSelectPolicy_StaysOnLargerPoolAfterPartialDrain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policyA := capPolicy("pol-A-200", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 200, 86_400)
+	policyB := capPolicy("pol-B-150", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 150, 86_400)
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policyA, policyB}, nil)
+
+	// A is partially drained (50/200 used = 25% used; 75% headroom
+	// remaining). B is fresh (0/150). The old fraction-based score
+	// would pick B here (1.0 > 0.75 fraction); the new pool-size
+	// score sticks with A (200 > 150 absolute cap).
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, map[usedKey]*types.Consumption{
+		{types.DimensionGroup, "grp-engineers", 86_400}: {TokensInput: 50},
+	})
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-A-200", res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		"once attribution lands on the bigger pool it must STAY there until exhausted — operators expect 'drain A then B', not 'flip to B as soon as A is touched'")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_FallsThroughToSmallerPoolWhenLargerExhausted
+// proves the second half of the stickiness contract: once the
+// larger-pool policy IS exhausted, the smaller one takes over.
+// Without this we'd deny on requests the smaller policy is fully
+// equipped to serve.
+func TestSelectPolicy_FallsThroughToSmallerPoolWhenLargerExhausted(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policyA := capPolicy("pol-A-200", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 200, 86_400)
+	// B uses a different window length so it has an INDEPENDENT counter — the
+	// realistic shape for fall-through. On the SAME (group, window) tuple the
+	// counter is shared, so A's cap of 200 being reached would also exhaust B's
+	// 150; independent counters are what let A exhaust while B retains headroom.
+	policyB := capPolicy("pol-B-150", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 150, 3_600)
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policyA, policyB}, nil)
+
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, map[usedKey]*types.Consumption{
+		{types.DimensionGroup, "grp-engineers", 86_400}: {TokensInput: 200}, // A: 200 >= 200 → exhausted
+		{types.DimensionGroup, "grp-engineers", 3_600}:  {TokensInput: 100}, // B: 100 < 150 → headroom
+	})
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-B-150", res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		"once the bigger pool is exhausted, the smaller one must take over — denying when capacity remains would strand B's allowance")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_TiebreakByLargerGroupPool covers the user-reported
+// bug: an admin in two groups (Users + Admins) where Users is bound
+// by a smaller-group-cap policy (50 group, 100 user) and Admins is
+// bound by a bigger-group-cap policy (100 group, 20 user) MUST get
+// attributed to the Admins policy on the first request.
+//
+// Without this rule, the fresh-state fraction is 1.0 for both and
+// the older policy wins by created_at. The first 24-token request
+// then drains the shared user counter past Admins's tight 20-token
+// user cap, locking Admins out of selection forever. The 100-token
+// Admins group pool ends up stranded while requests pile onto the
+// 50-token Users pool — the opposite of what the operator intended
+// when they put the bigger pool on the privileged group.
+func TestSelectPolicy_TiebreakByLargerGroupPool(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	// Policy A: Users group, smaller group pool, looser per-user cap.
+	policyA := &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     "pol-Users",
+		AccountID:              "acc-1",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-Users"},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{"prov-1"},
+		Limits: types.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: types.PolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled: true, GroupCap: 50, UserCap: 100, WindowSeconds: 86_400,
+			},
+		},
+		// Older — would win the legacy created_at tiebreak.
+		CreatedAt: time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+	// Policy B: Admins group, bigger group pool, tighter per-user cap.
+	policyB := &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     "pol-Admins",
+		AccountID:              "acc-1",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-Admins"},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{"prov-1"},
+		Limits: types.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: types.PolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled: true, GroupCap: 100, UserCap: 20, WindowSeconds: 86_400,
+			},
+		},
+		CreatedAt: time.Date(2026, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policyA, policyB}, nil)
+	// Fresh state: every cap evaluation reads zero usage.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-Users", "grp-Admins"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-Admins", res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		"the bigger group pool wins the fresh-state tiebreak — picking Users first would burn the shared user counter past Admins's tight user cap on the very first request and strand the bigger Admins pool")
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-Admins", res.AttributionGroupID)
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_TiebreakByCreatedAt proves the deterministic
+// final tiebreak: when two applicable policies have the same
+// headroom fraction AND the same group cap (so the larger-pool rule
+// can't differentiate either), the older policy wins so attribution
+// is stable across replays.
+func TestSelectPolicy_TiebreakByCreatedAt(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	older := capPolicy("pol-old", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 1_000, 86_400)
+	older.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	newer := capPolicy("pol-new", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 1_000, 86_400)
+	newer.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{newer, older}, nil)
+	// Both at zero consumption → identical headroom fraction.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-old", res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		"older policy wins on equal-headroom tiebreak so attribution is stable across replays")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_DeniesWhenAllExhausted proves the deny envelope:
+// when every applicable policy has at least one cap fully exhausted,
+// the selector returns Allow=false with the most-recent exhaustion's
+// deny code + human reason. The proxy's middleware surfaces this as
+// a 403 with the canonical llm_policy.* code.
+func TestSelectPolicy_DeniesWhenAllExhausted(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	a := capPolicy("pol-a", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 100, 86_400)
+	b := capPolicy("pol-b", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 200, 86_400)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{a, b}, nil)
+
+	// Shared group counter at 200: A (cap 100) and B (cap 200) both exhausted.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, map[usedKey]*types.Consumption{
+		{types.DimensionGroup, "grp-engineers", 86_400}: {TokensInput: 200},
+	})
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "every applicable policy exhausted = deny")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeTokenCapExceeded, res.DenyCode)
+	assert.Contains(t, res.DenyReason, "token cap exhausted",
+		"deny reason must name the exhausted cap kind for operator debugging")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_UncappedPolicyAlwaysWinsAgainstCapped proves the
+// catch-all-allow contract: a policy with NO enabled caps wins
+// against any capped policy regardless of how much headroom the
+// capped one has, because operators who configure unlimited access
+// expect requests to attribute there until they explicitly add caps.
+func TestSelectPolicy_UncappedPolicyAlwaysWinsAgainstCapped(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	uncapped := &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     "pol-uncapped",
+		AccountID:              "acc-1",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{"prov-1"},
+		// All Limits.*.Enabled = false (zero-value).
+		CreatedAt: time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+	wide := capPolicy("pol-wide", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 1_000_000, 86_400)
+	wide.CreatedAt = time.Date(2025, 12, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC) // older than uncapped
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{uncapped, wide}, nil)
+	// Only the wide policy reads consumption; uncapped doesn't query
+	// because it has no enabled caps.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-uncapped", res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		"a no-caps policy must always win selection — that's how operators express 'unlimited access through this path'")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), res.WindowSeconds, "no caps configured = WindowSeconds=0 so RecordLLMUsage skips counter writes")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_DisabledPolicyIgnored proves disabled policies
+// don't count toward selection — even when they'd otherwise be the
+// best match. Operators disable a policy to take it offline; the
+// selector must respect that and route through whatever's left.
+func TestSelectPolicy_DisabledPolicyIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	disabled := capPolicy("pol-disabled", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 1_000_000, 86_400)
+	disabled.Enabled = false
+	enabled := capPolicy("pol-enabled", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 100, 86_400)
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{disabled, enabled}, nil)
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, nil)
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-enabled", res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		"disabled policies must be ignored at selection time")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_StoreErrorPropagates locks the no-fail-open
+// contract: a transient store error must surface to the caller, not
+// be silently treated as "no policies = allow". A false allow on the
+// hot path would let a request slip past every cap.
+func TestSelectPolicy_StoreErrorPropagates(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return(nil, errors.New("boom"))
+
+	_, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID: "acc-1",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err, "store errors must surface — never fail open on the hot path")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_RejectsEmptyAccount is the input-validation guard:
+// empty account_id is a programmer error and must surface as
+// InvalidArgument, not as a silent zero-result lookup.
+func TestSelectPolicy_RejectsEmptyAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, _ := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	_, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	var sErr *nbstatus.Error
+	require.True(t, errors.As(err, &sErr))
+	assert.Equal(t, nbstatus.InvalidArgument, sErr.Type())
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_SharesGroupCounterAcrossPolicies locks the
+// counter-keying design fork: counters are keyed on (account,
+// dim_kind, dim_id, window_hours, window_start) — NOT on policy_id.
+// Two policies that target the same group with the SAME window length
+// share one bucket: spend booked under policy A is visible to policy
+// B's headroom calculation and counts toward B's cap.
+//
+// This is what makes "operator's per-group enforcement" sane — caps
+// describe how much a GROUP can use, not how much each policy owes.
+func TestSelectPolicy_SharesGroupCounterAcrossPolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	// Two policies, both targeting grp-engineers + prov-1, same 24h
+	// window length. Different cap sizes.
+	policyA := capPolicy("pol-A", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 1_000, 86_400)
+	policyB := capPolicy("pol-B", "acc-1", []string{"grp-engineers"}, "prov-1", 5_000, 86_400)
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policyA, policyB}, nil)
+	// Both policies query the SAME consumption row — same dim_id,
+	// same window_hours, same window_start. The mock returns the
+	// same row for both calls, simulating the shared counter.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, map[usedKey]*types.Consumption{
+		{types.DimensionGroup, "grp-engineers", 86_400}: {TokensInput: 800},
+	})
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	// 800 used → policy A has 200 tokens left of 1000 (20% headroom);
+	// policy B has 4200 left of 5000 (84% headroom). B wins.
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-B", res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		"the SAME 800 tokens count toward both policies — counters share the (group, window) key, caps differ per policy")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_AntiFallThroughOnLowestGroup locks the no-fall-
+// through behaviour: when a caller is in multiple of a policy's
+// source_groups and the lowest-by-sort group is exhausted, we DENY
+// rather than fall through to a less-loaded sibling. Per-group caps
+// are independent (each group has its own bucket), but attribution
+// is one-shot — operators wanting fall-through must split into
+// separate policies.
+//
+// This nails down semantics future contributors might "improve" into
+// fall-through behaviour by accident.
+func TestSelectPolicy_AntiFallThroughOnLowestGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	// Policy targets two groups; caller is in both.
+	policy := capPolicy("pol-1", "acc-1", []string{"grp-aaa", "grp-bbb"}, "prov-1", 100, 86_400)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policy}, nil)
+
+	// grp-aaa is the lowest by sort → attribution picks it, and the
+	// prefetch only collects the attribution group's key. We exhaust
+	// grp-aaa (100/100); grp-bbb's counter is never requested because the
+	// selector attributes one-shot to the lowest group, so it can't fall
+	// through to a less-loaded sibling.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, map[usedKey]*types.Consumption{
+		{types.DimensionGroup, "grp-aaa", 86_400}: {TokensInput: 100},
+	})
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-aaa", "grp-bbb"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow,
+		"lowest-group-by-sort attribution does NOT fall through to a less-loaded sibling — operators wanting fall-through must split into separate policies")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeTokenCapExceeded, res.DenyCode)
+	assert.Contains(t, res.DenyReason, "pol-1",
+		"deny reason names the exhausted policy id so operators can grep it from the access log")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_BudgetOnlyExhaustionDenies covers the symmetric
+// path to TestSelectPolicy_DeniesWhenAllExhausted but for the budget
+// cap: a policy with token_limit DISABLED and budget_limit at-cap
+// must deny with llm_policy.budget_cap_exceeded (not the token code).
+//
+// Without this, the budget evaluation path in evalBudgetCap could
+// silently regress and we'd still pass DeniesWhenAllExhausted (which
+// only exercises tokens).
+func TestSelectPolicy_BudgetOnlyExhaustionDenies(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     "pol-budget",
+		AccountID:              "acc-1",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{"prov-1"},
+		Limits: types.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: types.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: false},
+			BudgetLimit: types.PolicyBudgetLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCapUsd:   10.00,
+				WindowSeconds: 86_400,
+			},
+		},
+		CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policy}, nil)
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, map[usedKey]*types.Consumption{
+		{types.DimensionGroup, "grp-engineers", 86_400}: {CostUSD: 10.50}, // over the $10 cap
+	})
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow, "budget cap exhausted must deny independently of any token cap state")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeBudgetCapExceeded, res.DenyCode,
+		"deny code must be the budget code — token-only deny would silently regress the budget evaluation path")
+	assert.Contains(t, res.DenyReason, "budget", "deny reason names the budget cap kind for operator debugging")
+}
+
+// TestSelectPolicy_BudgetTighterThanTokenWins is the dual-cap headroom
+// fork: when both Token and Budget are enabled on the same policy,
+// the SMALLER remaining ratio gates the policy. A policy with
+// abundant token headroom but near-zero budget headroom must deny on
+// budget, not pass on tokens.
+func TestSelectPolicy_BudgetTighterThanTokenWins(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr, mockStore := newSelectorMgr(t, ctrl)
+
+	policy := &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     "pol-dual",
+		AccountID:              "acc-1",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{"prov-1"},
+		Limits: types.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit:  types.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCap: 10_000_000, WindowSeconds: 86_400},
+			BudgetLimit: types.PolicyBudgetLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCapUsd: 1.00, WindowSeconds: 86_400},
+		},
+		CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), "acc-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policy}, nil)
+	// One shared counter carries both token usage (ample headroom) and cost
+	// (at the $1 budget cap); the tighter budget cap gates the policy.
+	expectConsumptionBatch(mockStore, map[usedKey]*types.Consumption{
+		{types.DimensionGroup, "grp-engineers", 86_400}: {TokensInput: 100, CostUSD: 1.00},
+	})
+
+	res, err := mgr.SelectPolicyForRequest(context.Background(), PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		GroupIDs:   []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		ProviderID: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, res.Allow,
+		"the tighter of (token, budget) wins — abundant token headroom must NOT mask an exhausted budget")
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeBudgetCapExceeded, res.DenyCode)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..315cfe208
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults.go
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Package pricing builds the default LLM pricing table the synthesizer
+// ships to the proxy's cost_meter middleware. The catalog is the single
+// source of default rates: every catalog provider's models are folded
+// into the pricing surfaces the provider declares (PricingSurfaces),
+// then a small supplemental list adds priced-but-not-operator-selectable
+// entries. Management is the sole pricing authority — the proxy carries
+// no embedded price list and bills exclusively from the table it is
+// sent.
+//go:generate go run gen.go
+
+package pricing
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+)
+
+// Entry is a single model's pricing in USD per 1k tokens. This struct IS
+// the wire shape: the synthesizer marshals it verbatim into cost_meter's
+// ConfigJSON, and the proxy unmarshals the same field names.
+//
+// A zero rate means "no rate configured" — the proxy bills that cache
+// bucket at InputPer1k (identical semantics to the retired proxy-embedded
+// table). CachedInputPer1k is the OpenAI shape (cached prompt tokens are
+// a subset of input); CacheReadPer1k / CacheCreationPer1k are the
+// Anthropic shape (additive buckets).
+type Entry struct {
+	InputPer1k         float64 `json:"input_per_1k"`
+	OutputPer1k        float64 `json:"output_per_1k"`
+	CachedInputPer1k   float64 `json:"cached_input_per_1k,omitempty"`
+	CacheReadPer1k     float64 `json:"cache_read_per_1k,omitempty"`
+	CacheCreationPer1k float64 `json:"cache_creation_per_1k,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// supplementalDefaults are (surface, model) entries that are priced but
+// deliberately not operator-selectable in the catalog. Each carries a
+// reason; when one of these models joins a catalog lineup, delete the
+// row here — the collision test fails loudly if the rates ever disagree.
+var supplementalDefaults = map[string]map[string]Entry{
+	"openai": {
+		// GPT-5 (2025) family — kept for gateway requests using the
+		// unsuffixed ids; the dashboard offers only the 5.x lineup.
+		"gpt-5":      {InputPer1k: 0.00125, OutputPer1k: 0.01, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000125},
+		"gpt-5-mini": {InputPer1k: 0.00025, OutputPer1k: 0.002, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000025},
+		"gpt-5-nano": {InputPer1k: 0.00005, OutputPer1k: 0.0004, CachedInputPer1k: 0.000005},
+	},
+	"anthropic": {
+		// "kimi-k3[1m]" is the 1M-context alias some Claude Code guides
+		// configure against Moonshot's Anthropic-compatible endpoint;
+		// priced identically to kimi-k3 so those requests aren't skipped.
+		"kimi-k3[1m]": {InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015, CacheReadPer1k: 0.0003},
+	},
+}
+
+var (
+	compiledOnce  sync.Once
+	compiledTable map[string]map[string]Entry
+	// mergedTable holds the current live table when a pricing defaults
+	// file is loaded: the file merged entry-whole over the compiled-in
+	// base. Nil while no file is loaded (or after the file is removed),
+	// in which case the compiled-in table serves. Swapped atomically by
+	// the file loader/reloader; readers never block.
+	mergedTable atomic.Pointer[map[string]map[string]Entry]
+)
+
+// DefaultTable returns the current default pricing table keyed
+// surface -> model -> Entry: the management-side defaults file (see
+// LoadFile / StartReloader) when one is loaded, merged over the
+// compiled-in catalog table, which alone serves as the fallback when no
+// file exists. The snapshot may change between calls as the file is
+// re-read — consumers (the synthesizer on every reconcile, the catalog
+// endpoint on every request) pick up fresh rates automatically. Callers
+// must not mutate the returned maps.
+func DefaultTable() map[string]map[string]Entry {
+	if t := mergedTable.Load(); t != nil {
+		return *t
+	}
+	return compiledBase()
+}
+
+// compiledBase returns the compiled-in table (catalog + supplementals),
+// built once.
+func compiledBase() map[string]map[string]Entry {
+	compiledOnce.Do(func() {
+		compiledTable = buildDefaultTable()
+	})
+	return compiledTable
+}
+
+func buildDefaultTable() map[string]map[string]Entry {
+	out := make(map[string]map[string]Entry)
+	for _, p := range catalog.All() {
+		for _, surface := range p.PricingSurfaces {
+			inner, ok := out[surface]
+			if !ok {
+				inner = make(map[string]Entry)
+				out[surface] = inner
+			}
+			for _, m := range p.Models {
+				// First writer wins; providers contributing the same
+				// (surface, model) must agree on rates — enforced by
+				// TestDefaultTable_NoConflictingContributions.
+				if _, dup := inner[m.ID]; dup {
+					continue
+				}
+				inner[m.ID] = entryFromCatalogModel(m)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for surface, models := range supplementalDefaults {
+		inner, ok := out[surface]
+		if !ok {
+			inner = make(map[string]Entry)
+			out[surface] = inner
+		}
+		for id, e := range models {
+			if _, dup := inner[id]; dup {
+				continue
+			}
+			inner[id] = e
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func entryFromCatalogModel(m catalog.Model) Entry {
+	return Entry{
+		InputPer1k:         m.InputPer1k,
+		OutputPer1k:        m.OutputPer1k,
+		CachedInputPer1k:   m.CachedInputPer1k,
+		CacheReadPer1k:     m.CacheReadPer1k,
+		CacheCreationPer1k: m.CacheCreationPer1k,
+	}
+}
+
+// LookupDefault returns the default entry for model on the first of the
+// given surfaces that prices it. Used by the synthesizer to seed a
+// per-provider entry with default cache rates before overlaying the
+// operator's stored prices.
+func LookupDefault(surfaces []string, model string) (Entry, bool) {
+	table := DefaultTable()
+	for _, s := range surfaces {
+		if e, ok := table[s][model]; ok {
+			return e, true
+		}
+	}
+	return Entry{}, false
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78830ae3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+# Default LLM pricing used by NetBird's Agent Network cost metering.
+# GENERATED from the management catalog — do not edit this file in the
+# repository; regenerate with:
+#
+#   go generate ./management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing
+#
+# Operators: copy this file to <datadir>/defaults_llm_pricing.yaml (or
+# any path configured via management.json:
+#
+#   { "AgentNetwork": { "PricingDefaultsFile": "/path/defaults_llm_pricing.yaml" } }
+#
+# ) and adjust the entries you want to change. Management re-reads the
+# file periodically (mtime poll, every minute): the live table feeds the
+# proxies' cost metering and the dashboard's model-price prefill, so
+# edits apply without a restart. Your file only needs the entries you
+# want to change — but each entry REPLACES the built-in entry for that
+# surface+model whole, so repeat the cache rates you want to keep.
+# Unknown fields and negative or non-finite rates are rejected: at
+# startup that fails boot (for an explicitly configured path); at
+# runtime the previous table is kept and a warning is logged. Deleting
+# the file reverts to the built-in defaults below.
+#
+# Top-level keys are pricing surfaces — the parser shape requests are
+# metered under: "openai" (also Azure, Mistral, and OpenAI-compatible
+# gateways), "anthropic" (also Anthropic-on-Vertex), "bedrock"
+# (normalized ids, e.g. anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5). Model keys must be
+# the normalized id the proxy meters (version/region suffixes stripped).
+#
+# Values are USD per 1_000 tokens. Optional cache fields:
+#   cached_input_per_1k    OpenAI shape: rate for cached prompt tokens
+#                          (a SUBSET of input tokens). Absent -> cached
+#                          portion bills at input_per_1k.
+#   cache_read_per_1k      Anthropic shape: rate for cache_read tokens
+#                          (ADDITIVE to input). Absent -> input rate.
+#   cache_creation_per_1k  Anthropic shape: rate for cache_creation
+#                          tokens (ADDITIVE to input). Absent -> input
+#                          rate.
+
+anthropic:
+  claude-fable-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.01
+    output_per_1k: 0.05
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.001
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.0125
+  claude-haiku-4-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.001
+    output_per_1k: 0.005
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0001
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00125
+  claude-opus-4-1:
+    input_per_1k: 0.015
+    output_per_1k: 0.075
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0015
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.01875
+  claude-opus-4-6:
+    input_per_1k: 0.005
+    output_per_1k: 0.025
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0005
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00625
+  claude-opus-4-7:
+    input_per_1k: 0.005
+    output_per_1k: 0.025
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0005
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00625
+  claude-opus-4-8:
+    input_per_1k: 0.005
+    output_per_1k: 0.025
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0005
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00625
+  claude-opus-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.005
+    output_per_1k: 0.025
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0005
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00625
+  claude-sonnet-4-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.003
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0003
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00375
+  claude-sonnet-4-6:
+    input_per_1k: 0.003
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0003
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00375
+  claude-sonnet-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.003
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0003
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00375
+  kimi-k3:
+    input_per_1k: 0.003
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.0003
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0003
+  "kimi-k3[1m]":
+    input_per_1k: 0.003
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0003
+
+bedrock:
+  amazon.nova-2-lite:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0003
+    output_per_1k: 0.0025
+  amazon.nova-lite:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00006
+    output_per_1k: 0.00024
+  amazon.nova-micro:
+    input_per_1k: 0.000035
+    output_per_1k: 0.00014
+  amazon.nova-pro:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0008
+    output_per_1k: 0.0032
+  anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.001
+    output_per_1k: 0.005
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0001
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00125
+  anthropic.claude-opus-4-1:
+    input_per_1k: 0.015
+    output_per_1k: 0.075
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0015
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.01875
+  anthropic.claude-opus-4-6:
+    input_per_1k: 0.005
+    output_per_1k: 0.025
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0005
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00625
+  anthropic.claude-opus-4-7:
+    input_per_1k: 0.005
+    output_per_1k: 0.025
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0005
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00625
+  anthropic.claude-opus-4-8:
+    input_per_1k: 0.005
+    output_per_1k: 0.025
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0005
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00625
+  anthropic.claude-opus-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.005
+    output_per_1k: 0.025
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0005
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00625
+  anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.003
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0003
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00375
+  anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6:
+    input_per_1k: 0.003
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0003
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00375
+  anthropic.claude-sonnet-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.003
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0003
+    cache_creation_per_1k: 0.00375
+  meta.llama3-3-70b-instruct:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00072
+    output_per_1k: 0.00072
+
+openai:
+  codestral-2508:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0003
+    output_per_1k: 0.0009
+  codestral-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.001
+    output_per_1k: 0.003
+  devstral-medium-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0004
+    output_per_1k: 0.002
+  devstral-small-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0001
+    output_per_1k: 0.0003
+  gpt-3.5-turbo:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0005
+    output_per_1k: 0.0015
+  gpt-35-turbo:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0005
+    output_per_1k: 0.0015
+  gpt-4-turbo:
+    input_per_1k: 0.01
+    output_per_1k: 0.03
+  gpt-4.1:
+    input_per_1k: 0.002
+    output_per_1k: 0.008
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.0005
+  gpt-4.1-mini:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0004
+    output_per_1k: 0.0016
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.0001
+  gpt-4.1-nano:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0001
+    output_per_1k: 0.0004
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.000025
+  gpt-4o:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0025
+    output_per_1k: 0.01
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.00125
+  gpt-4o-mini:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00015
+    output_per_1k: 0.0006
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.000075
+  gpt-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00125
+    output_per_1k: 0.01
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.000125
+  gpt-5-mini:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00025
+    output_per_1k: 0.002
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.000025
+  gpt-5-nano:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00005
+    output_per_1k: 0.0004
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.000005
+  gpt-5.3-chat-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00175
+    output_per_1k: 0.014
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.000175
+  gpt-5.3-codex:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00175
+    output_per_1k: 0.014
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.000175
+  gpt-5.4:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0025
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.00025
+  gpt-5.4-mini:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00075
+    output_per_1k: 0.0045
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.000075
+  gpt-5.4-nano:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0002
+    output_per_1k: 0.00125
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.00002
+  gpt-5.4-pro:
+    input_per_1k: 0.03
+    output_per_1k: 0.18
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.003
+  gpt-5.5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.005
+    output_per_1k: 0.03
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.0005
+  gpt-5.5-pro:
+    input_per_1k: 0.03
+    output_per_1k: 0.18
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.003
+  kimi-k3:
+    input_per_1k: 0.003
+    output_per_1k: 0.015
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.0003
+    cache_read_per_1k: 0.0003
+  magistral-medium-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.002
+    output_per_1k: 0.005
+  magistral-small-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0005
+    output_per_1k: 0.0015
+  ministral-3-14b-2512:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0002
+    output_per_1k: 0.0002
+  ministral-3-3b-2512:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0001
+    output_per_1k: 0.0001
+  ministral-8b-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00015
+    output_per_1k: 0.00015
+  mistral-embed:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0001
+    output_per_1k: 0
+  mistral-large-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0005
+    output_per_1k: 0.0015
+  mistral-medium-3-5:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0015
+    output_per_1k: 0.0075
+  mistral-medium-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0004
+    output_per_1k: 0.002
+  mistral-small-latest:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00006
+    output_per_1k: 0.00018
+  o4-mini:
+    input_per_1k: 0.0011
+    output_per_1k: 0.0044
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.000275
+  text-embedding-3-large:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00013
+    output_per_1k: 0
+  text-embedding-3-small:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00002
+    output_per_1k: 0
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04b6de550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/defaults_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package pricing
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+)
+
+// TestDefaultTable_CoversEveryCatalogModel replaces the proxy's old
+// hand-maintained coverage list: because the table is built FROM the
+// catalog, drift is impossible by construction — this test guards the
+// fold itself (every catalog model of every surfaced provider resolves,
+// with exactly the catalog's rates).
+func TestDefaultTable_CoversEveryCatalogModel(t *testing.T) {
+	table := DefaultTable()
+	for _, p := range catalog.All() {
+		if len(p.PricingSurfaces) == 0 {
+			assert.Empty(t, p.Models, "catalog entry %s declares models but no pricing surfaces — those models would never be priced", p.ID)
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, surface := range p.PricingSurfaces {
+			byModel, ok := table[surface]
+			require.True(t, ok, "surface %q (provider %s) missing from default table", surface, p.ID)
+			for _, m := range p.Models {
+				e, ok := byModel[m.ID]
+				require.True(t, ok, "%s/%s (provider %s) missing from default table", surface, m.ID, p.ID)
+				assert.Equal(t, m.InputPer1k, e.InputPer1k, "%s/%s input rate", surface, m.ID)
+				assert.Equal(t, m.OutputPer1k, e.OutputPer1k, "%s/%s output rate", surface, m.ID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDefaultTable_NoConflictingContributions enforces the collision rule
+// documented on catalog.Provider.PricingSurfaces: when two catalog
+// providers contribute the same (surface, model) pair — azure/vertex
+// mirroring openai/anthropic, kimi on both surfaces — their rates must be
+// identical, because the surface-keyed table can only hold one entry.
+// If a provider ever diverges (e.g. Azure reprices a model), this fails
+// and the divergence must move to per-provider-record pricing.
+func TestDefaultTable_NoConflictingContributions(t *testing.T) {
+	type contribution struct {
+		providerID string
+		entry      Entry
+	}
+	seen := map[string]map[string]contribution{}
+	for _, p := range catalog.All() {
+		for _, surface := range p.PricingSurfaces {
+			if seen[surface] == nil {
+				seen[surface] = map[string]contribution{}
+			}
+			for _, m := range p.Models {
+				e := entryFromCatalogModel(m)
+				if prev, dup := seen[surface][m.ID]; dup {
+					assert.Equal(t, prev.entry, e,
+						"%s/%s: %s and %s contribute different rates", surface, m.ID, prev.providerID, p.ID)
+					continue
+				}
+				seen[surface][m.ID] = contribution{providerID: p.ID, entry: e}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Supplemental entries must never shadow a catalog-contributed model —
+	// they exist precisely because the catalog does NOT list them.
+	for surface, models := range supplementalDefaults {
+		for id := range models {
+			_, fromCatalog := seen[surface][id]
+			assert.False(t, fromCatalog, "supplemental %s/%s is now in the catalog — delete the supplemental row", surface, id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDefaultTable_AllRatesFiniteNonNegative mirrors the proxy-side
+// NewTable validation so a bad catalog edit is caught here, at unit-test
+// time, rather than as a chain-build failure on every proxy.
+func TestDefaultTable_AllRatesFiniteNonNegative(t *testing.T) {
+	for surface, models := range DefaultTable() {
+		for id, e := range models {
+			for field, v := range map[string]float64{
+				"input":          e.InputPer1k,
+				"output":         e.OutputPer1k,
+				"cached_input":   e.CachedInputPer1k,
+				"cache_read":     e.CacheReadPer1k,
+				"cache_creation": e.CacheCreationPer1k,
+			} {
+				assert.False(t, v < 0 || math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0),
+					"%s/%s: %s rate %v must be finite and non-negative", surface, id, field, v)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDefaultTable_PinnedRates pins rates that previously drifted or are
+// easy to mis-enter (carried over from the proxy's retired
+// defaults_coverage_test), plus the supplemental entries.
+func TestDefaultTable_PinnedRates(t *testing.T) {
+	table := DefaultTable()
+
+	gpt54 := table["openai"]["gpt-5.4"]
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0025, gpt54.InputPer1k, 1e-9, "gpt-5.4 input")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.015, gpt54.OutputPer1k, 1e-9, "gpt-5.4 output")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.00025, gpt54.CachedInputPer1k, 1e-9, "gpt-5.4 cached input")
+
+	sonnet := table["bedrock"]["anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"]
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.003, sonnet.InputPer1k, 1e-9, "bedrock sonnet-4-5 input")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.015, sonnet.OutputPer1k, 1e-9, "bedrock sonnet-4-5 output")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0003, sonnet.CacheReadPer1k, 1e-9, "bedrock sonnet-4-5 cache read")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.00375, sonnet.CacheCreationPer1k, 1e-9, "bedrock sonnet-4-5 cache creation")
+
+	// Vertex Claude prices under "anthropic" with the bare id.
+	fable := table["anthropic"]["claude-fable-5"]
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.010, fable.InputPer1k, 1e-9, "claude-fable-5 input")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0125, fable.CacheCreationPer1k, 1e-9, "claude-fable-5 cache creation")
+
+	// Every id below must stay priced whichever source provides it: the
+	// catalog lineup for the current Claude 5 family, supplementalDefaults
+	// for the ids the dashboard deliberately doesn't offer.
+	for surface, ids := range map[string][]string{
+		"openai":    {"gpt-5", "gpt-5-mini", "gpt-5-nano"},
+		"anthropic": {"claude-opus-5", "claude-sonnet-5", "kimi-k3[1m]", "kimi-k3"},
+		"bedrock":   {"anthropic.claude-opus-5", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-5"},
+	} {
+		for _, id := range ids {
+			_, ok := table[surface][id]
+			assert.True(t, ok, "%s/%s must be priced", surface, id)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Embeddings bill input-only — output stays zero.
+	emb := table["openai"]["text-embedding-3-large"]
+	assert.Zero(t, emb.OutputPer1k, "embedding output rate must be zero")
+	assert.Positive(t, emb.InputPer1k, "embedding input rate must be set")
+}
+
+func TestLookupDefault_SurfaceOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	// kimi-k3 exists on both surfaces; first surface in the slice wins.
+	e, ok := LookupDefault([]string{"openai", "anthropic"}, "kimi-k3")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.003, e.InputPer1k, 1e-9)
+
+	_, ok = LookupDefault([]string{"bedrock"}, "gpt-4o")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "gpt-4o is not a bedrock model")
+
+	_, ok = LookupDefault(nil, "gpt-4o")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "no surfaces, no match")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/exampleyaml.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/exampleyaml.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6217928d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/exampleyaml.go
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package pricing
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+)
+
+// MarshalDefaultsYAML renders the built-in default pricing table (catalog
+// + supplementals, WITHOUT any operator override) as the YAML schema
+// LoadOverrideFile consumes. It backs the generated
+// defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml so operators start from a file that
+// matches the compiled-in rates exactly; a golden test keeps the two in
+// sync. Output is deterministic (sorted surfaces and models).
+func MarshalDefaultsYAML() []byte {
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	b.WriteString(exampleHeader)
+
+	table := buildDefaultTable()
+	surfaces := make([]string, 0, len(table))
+	for s := range table {
+		surfaces = append(surfaces, s)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(surfaces)
+
+	for _, surface := range surfaces {
+		fmt.Fprintf(&b, "\n%s:\n", surface)
+		models := table[surface]
+		ids := make([]string, 0, len(models))
+		for id := range models {
+			ids = append(ids, id)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(ids)
+		for _, id := range ids {
+			e := models[id]
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "  %s:\n", yamlKey(id))
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "    input_per_1k: %s\n", rate(e.InputPer1k))
+			fmt.Fprintf(&b, "    output_per_1k: %s\n", rate(e.OutputPer1k))
+			if e.CachedInputPer1k > 0 {
+				fmt.Fprintf(&b, "    cached_input_per_1k: %s\n", rate(e.CachedInputPer1k))
+			}
+			if e.CacheReadPer1k > 0 {
+				fmt.Fprintf(&b, "    cache_read_per_1k: %s\n", rate(e.CacheReadPer1k))
+			}
+			if e.CacheCreationPer1k > 0 {
+				fmt.Fprintf(&b, "    cache_creation_per_1k: %s\n", rate(e.CacheCreationPer1k))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return b.Bytes()
+}
+
+// rate renders a USD-per-1k rate without float noise ("0.00015", not
+// "0.000150000000...").
+func rate(v float64) string {
+	return strconv.FormatFloat(v, 'f', -1, 64)
+}
+
+// yamlKey quotes model ids that YAML would otherwise misparse (e.g.
+// "kimi-k3[1m]" starts a flow sequence unquoted).
+func yamlKey(id string) string {
+	for _, r := range id {
+		switch r {
+		case '[', ']', '{', '}', ':', '#', ',', '&', '*', '!', '|', '>', '\'', '"', '%', '@', '`':
+			return strconv.Quote(id)
+		}
+	}
+	return id
+}
+
+const exampleHeader = `# Default LLM pricing used by NetBird's Agent Network cost metering.
+# GENERATED from the management catalog — do not edit this file in the
+# repository; regenerate with:
+#
+#   go generate ./management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing
+#
+# Operators: copy this file to <datadir>/defaults_llm_pricing.yaml (or
+# any path configured via management.json:
+#
+#   { "AgentNetwork": { "PricingDefaultsFile": "/path/defaults_llm_pricing.yaml" } }
+#
+# ) and adjust the entries you want to change. Management re-reads the
+# file periodically (mtime poll, every minute): the live table feeds the
+# proxies' cost metering and the dashboard's model-price prefill, so
+# edits apply without a restart. Your file only needs the entries you
+# want to change — but each entry REPLACES the built-in entry for that
+# surface+model whole, so repeat the cache rates you want to keep.
+# Unknown fields and negative or non-finite rates are rejected: at
+# startup that fails boot (for an explicitly configured path); at
+# runtime the previous table is kept and a warning is logged. Deleting
+# the file reverts to the built-in defaults below.
+#
+# Top-level keys are pricing surfaces — the parser shape requests are
+# metered under: "openai" (also Azure, Mistral, and OpenAI-compatible
+# gateways), "anthropic" (also Anthropic-on-Vertex), "bedrock"
+# (normalized ids, e.g. anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5). Model keys must be
+# the normalized id the proxy meters (version/region suffixes stripped).
+#
+# Values are USD per 1_000 tokens. Optional cache fields:
+#   cached_input_per_1k    OpenAI shape: rate for cached prompt tokens
+#                          (a SUBSET of input tokens). Absent -> cached
+#                          portion bills at input_per_1k.
+#   cache_read_per_1k      Anthropic shape: rate for cache_read tokens
+#                          (ADDITIVE to input). Absent -> input rate.
+#   cache_creation_per_1k  Anthropic shape: rate for cache_creation
+#                          tokens (ADDITIVE to input). Absent -> input
+#                          rate.
+`
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/gen.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/gen.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c799ab87c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/gen.go
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//go:build ignore
+
+// Regenerates defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml from the compiled-in
+// default pricing table. Run via:
+//
+//	go generate ./management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing
+package main
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	if err := os.WriteFile("defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml", pricing.MarshalDefaultsYAML(), 0o644); err != nil {
+		log.Fatalf("write defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml: %v", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/override.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/override.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07677dbaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/override.go
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+package pricing
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/fs"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+// DefaultFileName is the basename probed under management's datadir when
+// AgentNetwork.PricingDefaultsFile doesn't configure an explicit path.
+const DefaultFileName = "defaults_llm_pricing.yaml"
+
+// ReloadInterval is the cadence at which the pricing file's mtime is
+// polled for changes.
+const ReloadInterval = time.Minute
+
+// maxFileBytes bounds the pricing file read so a misconfigured path
+// (pointed at a huge file) cannot exhaust process memory.
+const maxFileBytes = 4 << 20
+
+// pricingFile mirrors the on-disk YAML schema — the same schema the
+// proxy's retired embedded defaults_pricing.yaml used, so files written
+// for it keep working. Keys are pricing surfaces ("openai", "anthropic",
+// "bedrock"); nested keys are normalized model ids.
+type pricingFile map[string]map[string]struct {
+	InputPer1k         float64 `yaml:"input_per_1k"`
+	OutputPer1k        float64 `yaml:"output_per_1k"`
+	CachedInputPer1k   float64 `yaml:"cached_input_per_1k"`
+	CacheReadPer1k     float64 `yaml:"cache_read_per_1k"`
+	CacheCreationPer1k float64 `yaml:"cache_creation_per_1k"`
+}
+
+// fileState tracks the watched pricing file across reloads.
+var fileState struct {
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	path  string
+	mtime int64
+}
+
+// LoadFile loads the management-side pricing defaults file and makes it
+// the live table (merged entry-whole over the compiled-in fallback; see
+// DefaultTable). The path stays registered for the periodic reloader, so
+// later edits — or the file (re)appearing after deletion — are picked up
+// without a restart.
+//
+// required governs the missing-file case: true for an explicitly
+// configured path (a typo must fail startup rather than silently bill
+// with built-ins the operator believes they replaced), false for the
+// conventional <datadir>/defaults_llm_pricing.yaml probe (absent file =
+// compiled-in defaults, still watched in case it appears). A file that
+// exists but is malformed is always an error at load time.
+func LoadFile(path string, required bool) error {
+	if path == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	fileState.mu.Lock()
+	fileState.path = path
+	fileState.mu.Unlock()
+
+	table, mtime, err := readFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) && !required {
+			log.Infof("agent-network pricing defaults file %s not present; serving built-in defaults", path)
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	storeFileTable(table, mtime)
+	log.Infof("agent-network pricing defaults loaded from %s", path)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// StartReloader launches the periodic mtime-poll goroutine for the file
+// registered by LoadFile. Runtime failures are lenient — a parse error
+// keeps the previously loaded table and logs a warning; a deleted file
+// reverts to the compiled-in defaults — so a mid-edit save can never
+// take pricing down. Returns immediately when no path was registered.
+func StartReloader(ctx context.Context, interval time.Duration) {
+	fileState.mu.Lock()
+	path := fileState.path
+	fileState.mu.Unlock()
+	if path == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if interval <= 0 {
+		interval = ReloadInterval
+	}
+	go func() {
+		t := time.NewTicker(interval)
+		defer t.Stop()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-t.C:
+				reload()
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// reload performs one mtime check + reload cycle.
+func reload() {
+	fileState.mu.Lock()
+	path, lastMtime := fileState.path, fileState.mtime
+	fileState.mu.Unlock()
+
+	log.Debugf("agent-network pricing defaults reload: checking %s for changes", path)
+
+	st, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+			// File removed (or not yet created): serve compiled-in
+			// defaults and reset mtime so a future (re)appearance loads.
+			if mergedTable.Swap(nil) != nil {
+				log.Warnf("agent-network pricing defaults file %s removed; reverting to built-in defaults", path)
+			}
+			setMtime(0)
+			return
+		}
+		log.Warnf("agent-network pricing defaults reload: stat %s: %v", path, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if st.ModTime().UnixNano() == lastMtime {
+		log.Debugf("agent-network pricing defaults %s unchanged since last check", path)
+		return
+	}
+
+	table, mtime, err := readFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Keep the previously loaded table — never blank prices because
+		// an operator saved mid-edit.
+		log.Warnf("agent-network pricing defaults reload failed for %s (keeping previous table): %v", path, err)
+		return
+	}
+	storeFileTable(table, mtime)
+	log.Infof("agent-network pricing defaults reloaded from %s", path)
+}
+
+func readFile(path string) (map[string]map[string]Entry, int64, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("open pricing defaults %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
+
+	st, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("stat pricing defaults %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(f, maxFileBytes+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("read pricing defaults %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	if len(data) > maxFileBytes {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("pricing defaults %s exceeds %d bytes", path, maxFileBytes)
+	}
+	table, err := parsePricingYAML(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("parse pricing defaults %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return table, st.ModTime().UnixNano(), nil
+}
+
+// storeFileTable merges the parsed file over the compiled-in base and
+// publishes the result as the live table. File entries replace the
+// built-in entry for the same (surface, model) whole — they are not
+// field-merged — and surfaces/models the file doesn't mention keep the
+// built-in rates, so a partial file only needs the entries it changes.
+func storeFileTable(table map[string]map[string]Entry, mtime int64) {
+	base := compiledBase()
+	merged := make(map[string]map[string]Entry, len(base)+len(table))
+	for surface, models := range base {
+		inner := make(map[string]Entry, len(models))
+		for id, e := range models {
+			inner[id] = e
+		}
+		merged[surface] = inner
+	}
+	for surface, models := range table {
+		inner, ok := merged[surface]
+		if !ok {
+			inner = make(map[string]Entry, len(models))
+			merged[surface] = inner
+		}
+		for id, e := range models {
+			inner[id] = e
+		}
+	}
+	mergedTable.Store(&merged)
+	setMtime(mtime)
+}
+
+func setMtime(v int64) {
+	fileState.mu.Lock()
+	fileState.mtime = v
+	fileState.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// parsePricingYAML decodes and validates the pricing YAML. Unknown
+// fields are rejected (typos surface instead of silently pricing at 0)
+// and every rate must be a finite, non-negative USD amount — the same
+// constraints the HTTP API enforces on operator per-provider prices.
+func parsePricingYAML(data []byte) (map[string]map[string]Entry, error) {
+	dec := yaml.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(data))
+	dec.KnownFields(true)
+
+	var raw pricingFile
+	if err := dec.Decode(&raw); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode yaml: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	out := make(map[string]map[string]Entry, len(raw))
+	for surface, models := range raw {
+		inner := make(map[string]Entry, len(models))
+		for model, e := range models {
+			for field, v := range map[string]float64{
+				"input_per_1k":          e.InputPer1k,
+				"output_per_1k":         e.OutputPer1k,
+				"cached_input_per_1k":   e.CachedInputPer1k,
+				"cache_read_per_1k":     e.CacheReadPer1k,
+				"cache_creation_per_1k": e.CacheCreationPer1k,
+			} {
+				if v < 0 || math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s/%s: %s must be a finite, non-negative rate, got %v", surface, model, field, v)
+				}
+			}
+			inner[model] = Entry{
+				InputPer1k:         e.InputPer1k,
+				OutputPer1k:        e.OutputPer1k,
+				CachedInputPer1k:   e.CachedInputPer1k,
+				CacheReadPer1k:     e.CacheReadPer1k,
+				CacheCreationPer1k: e.CacheCreationPer1k,
+			}
+		}
+		out[surface] = inner
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/override_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/override_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86031fc58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing/override_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+package pricing
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// resetFileState snapshots and restores the package-level file state so
+// tests stay order-independent.
+func resetFileState(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	prevMerged := mergedTable.Load()
+	fileState.mu.Lock()
+	prevPath, prevMtime := fileState.path, fileState.mtime
+	fileState.mu.Unlock()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		mergedTable.Store(prevMerged)
+		fileState.mu.Lock()
+		fileState.path, fileState.mtime = prevPath, prevMtime
+		fileState.mu.Unlock()
+	})
+}
+
+func writePricing(t *testing.T, path, yml string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte(yml), 0o600))
+}
+
+func TestLoadFile_MergesOverCompiledDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	resetFileState(t)
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), DefaultFileName)
+	writePricing(t, path, `
+openai:
+  # Reprice a built-in model. The entry replaces the built-in WHOLE:
+  # omitting the cache rate here drops the built-in 0.00125 discount.
+  gpt-4o:
+    input_per_1k: 0.9
+    output_per_1k: 1.8
+  # A model NetBird doesn't know at all.
+  my-private-ft:
+    input_per_1k: 0.01
+    output_per_1k: 0.02
+    cached_input_per_1k: 0.005
+gemini:
+  gemini-pro:
+    input_per_1k: 0.00125
+    output_per_1k: 0.005
+`)
+	require.NoError(t, LoadFile(path, true))
+	table := DefaultTable()
+
+	gpt4o := table["openai"]["gpt-4o"]
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.9, gpt4o.InputPer1k, 1e-9, "file rate replaces the compiled-in rate")
+	assert.Zero(t, gpt4o.CachedInputPer1k, "entries replace whole — omitted cache rate is dropped, not inherited")
+
+	ft := table["openai"]["my-private-ft"]
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.005, ft.CachedInputPer1k, 1e-9, "unknown models are added to the surface")
+	_, ok := table["gemini"]["gemini-pro"]
+	assert.True(t, ok, "a surface the catalog doesn't declare can be added")
+
+	// Untouched entries keep compiled-in rates (catalog, other surface,
+	// supplemental).
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.00015, table["openai"]["gpt-4o-mini"].InputPer1k, 1e-9, "unlisted model keeps compiled rate")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.003, table["anthropic"]["claude-sonnet-4-5"].InputPer1k, 1e-9, "unlisted surface untouched")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.00125, table["openai"]["gpt-5"].InputPer1k, 1e-9, "supplemental entries untouched")
+
+	// The synthesizer-facing lookup reads the live table too.
+	e, ok := LookupDefault([]string{"openai"}, "gpt-4o")
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.9, e.InputPer1k, 1e-9, "LookupDefault serves the file-backed rate")
+}
+
+func TestLoadFile_MissingPath(t *testing.T) {
+	resetFileState(t)
+	missing := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), DefaultFileName)
+
+	require.Error(t, LoadFile(missing, true),
+		"explicitly configured path that doesn't exist must fail startup")
+
+	require.NoError(t, LoadFile(missing, false),
+		"conventional datadir probe tolerates an absent file (compiled-in defaults serve)")
+	assert.Nil(t, mergedTable.Load(), "no file, no merged table")
+	fileState.mu.Lock()
+	path := fileState.path
+	fileState.mu.Unlock()
+	assert.Equal(t, missing, path, "the path stays registered so the reloader picks the file up when it appears")
+}
+
+func TestLoadFile_RejectsInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	resetFileState(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"unknown field (typo)": "openai:\n  gpt-4o:\n    input_per1k: 0.1\n",
+		"negative rate":        "openai:\n  gpt-4o:\n    input_per_1k: -0.1\n",
+		"non-numeric rate":     "openai:\n  gpt-4o:\n    input_per_1k: cheap\n",
+		"not a mapping":        "- just\n- a\n- list\n",
+	}
+	for name, yml := range cases {
+		path := filepath.Join(dir, DefaultFileName)
+		writePricing(t, path, yml)
+		assert.Error(t, LoadFile(path, true), "case %q must be rejected", name)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestReload_LifeCycle drives the reloader's single-shot reload through
+// its full lifecycle: file edit picked up on mtime change, a broken save
+// keeps the previous table, and file removal reverts to the compiled-in
+// defaults (then a re-created file loads again).
+func TestReload_LifeCycle(t *testing.T) {
+	resetFileState(t)
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), DefaultFileName)
+	writePricing(t, path, "openai:\n  gpt-4o:\n    input_per_1k: 0.5\n    output_per_1k: 1\n")
+	require.NoError(t, LoadFile(path, true))
+	require.InDelta(t, 0.5, DefaultTable()["openai"]["gpt-4o"].InputPer1k, 1e-9)
+
+	// Edit: new mtime, new rates.
+	writePricing(t, path, "openai:\n  gpt-4o:\n    input_per_1k: 0.7\n    output_per_1k: 1.4\n")
+	bumpMtime(t, path)
+	reload()
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.7, DefaultTable()["openai"]["gpt-4o"].InputPer1k, 1e-9, "edit must be picked up")
+
+	// Broken save: previous table survives.
+	writePricing(t, path, "openai:\n  gpt-4o:\n    input_per_1k: -1\n")
+	bumpMtime(t, path)
+	reload()
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.7, DefaultTable()["openai"]["gpt-4o"].InputPer1k, 1e-9,
+		"a malformed save must keep the previously loaded table, never blank prices")
+
+	// Removal: compiled-in defaults serve again.
+	require.NoError(t, os.Remove(path))
+	reload()
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0025, DefaultTable()["openai"]["gpt-4o"].InputPer1k, 1e-9,
+		"file removal reverts to the compiled-in rate")
+
+	// Re-created file loads without a restart.
+	writePricing(t, path, "openai:\n  gpt-4o:\n    input_per_1k: 0.9\n    output_per_1k: 1.8\n")
+	bumpMtime(t, path)
+	reload()
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.9, DefaultTable()["openai"]["gpt-4o"].InputPer1k, 1e-9,
+		"a file appearing after removal (or after a missing-probe boot) must load")
+}
+
+// bumpMtime pushes the file's mtime forward past the previously recorded
+// value — timestamps can otherwise collide within the test's timescale.
+func bumpMtime(t *testing.T, path string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	st, err := os.Stat(path)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	next := st.ModTime().Add(2 * 1e9)
+	require.NoError(t, os.Chtimes(path, next, next))
+}
+
+// TestExampleYAML_InSyncWithBuiltins is the golden guard for
+// defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml: the shipped example must stay
+// byte-identical to what the compiled-in table renders (catalog edits
+// require `go generate ./management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing`)
+// and must round-trip through the same parser operators' files go
+// through, reproducing the compiled-in table exactly.
+func TestExampleYAML_InSyncWithBuiltins(t *testing.T) {
+	onDisk, err := os.ReadFile("defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "example file must exist next to the package")
+	require.Equal(t, string(MarshalDefaultsYAML()), string(onDisk),
+		"defaults_llm_pricing.example.yaml is stale — run: go generate ./management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing")
+
+	parsed, err := parsePricingYAML(onDisk)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "the example must be a valid pricing defaults file")
+	assert.Equal(t, buildDefaultTable(), parsed,
+		"parsing the example must reproduce the compiled-in table exactly")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/provider_redaction_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/provider_redaction_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71d4e770a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/provider_redaction_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	nbtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// These tests pin the provider read surface per grant: a caller holding
+// providers read together with update (managers) gets the full record,
+// while read-only viewers (usage_viewer) get the display surface only —
+// connection configuration is redacted before it reaches the wire layer.
+
+func TestGetAllProviders_RedactsConnectionConfigForReadOnlyViewer(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+
+	saved := newSynthTestProvider()
+	saved.ExtraValues = map[string]string{"x-portkey-config": "cfg-123"}
+	saved.IdentityHeaderUserID = "X-User"
+	saved.IdentityHeaderGroups = "X-Groups"
+	saved.SkipTLSVerification = true
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, saved))
+
+	f.expectPermission(testAccountID, "viewer", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Read, true)
+	f.expectPermission(testAccountID, "viewer", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update, false)
+
+	providers, err := f.manager.GetAllProviders(ctx, testAccountID, "viewer")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, providers, 1)
+	p := providers[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, saved.ID, p.ID, "identity survives redaction")
+	assert.Equal(t, saved.Name, p.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, saved.ProviderID, p.ProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, saved.Models, p.Models, "the model list backs the usage filters and stays")
+	assert.True(t, p.Enabled)
+	assert.Empty(t, p.UpstreamURL, "upstream URL is connection config")
+	assert.Empty(t, p.ExtraValues, "operator-typed header values are connection config")
+	assert.Empty(t, p.IdentityHeaderUserID)
+	assert.Empty(t, p.IdentityHeaderGroups)
+	assert.False(t, p.SkipTLSVerification)
+	assert.Empty(t, p.APIKey)
+	assert.Empty(t, p.SessionPrivateKey)
+
+	stored, err := f.store.GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, saved.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, stored.UpstreamURL, "redaction must not write back to the store")
+}
+
+func TestGetProvider_FullConfigForManagingCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+
+	saved := newSynthTestProvider()
+	saved.ExtraValues = map[string]string{"x-portkey-config": "cfg-123"}
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, saved))
+
+	f.expectPermission(testAccountID, "admin", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Read, true)
+	f.expectPermission(testAccountID, "admin", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update, true)
+
+	p, err := f.manager.GetProvider(ctx, testAccountID, "admin", saved.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, saved.UpstreamURL, p.UpstreamURL, "a caller who can edit the provider sees its config")
+	assert.Equal(t, saved.ExtraValues, p.ExtraValues)
+}
+
+func TestGetProvider_RedactsForReadOnlyViewer(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+
+	saved := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, saved))
+
+	f.expectPermission(testAccountID, "viewer", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Read, true)
+	f.expectPermission(testAccountID, "viewer", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Update, false)
+
+	p, err := f.manager.GetProvider(ctx, testAccountID, "viewer", saved.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, saved.ID, p.ID)
+	assert.Empty(t, p.UpstreamURL)
+}
+
+// The self-scope tests drive the real permissions manager over the real
+// store, so role resolution is the production one: a plain user holds no
+// providers grant and must fall back to the caller-scoped list — the same
+// selection the self-service setup answer derives from — while an admin
+// keeps the account-wide view with full config.
+
+// newSelfScopeStore seeds the account and its users only, so each test
+// declares exactly the providers and policies it asserts on — the store
+// rejects re-saving a policy id on MySQL, so tests never overwrite each
+// other's rows.
+func newSelfScopeStore(t *testing.T) (*managerImpl, store.Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+	mgr, s := newAgentConfigTestMgr(t)
+	mgr.permissionsManager = permissions.NewManager(s)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAccount(ctx, &nbtypes.Account{Id: testAccountID}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveUser(ctx, &nbtypes.User{
+		Id: "user-a", AccountID: testAccountID, Role: nbtypes.UserRoleUser, AutoGroups: []string{"grp-eng"},
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveUser(ctx, &nbtypes.User{
+		Id: "user-out", AccountID: testAccountID, Role: nbtypes.UserRoleUser,
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveUser(ctx, &nbtypes.User{
+		Id: "admin", AccountID: testAccountID, Role: nbtypes.UserRoleAdmin,
+	}))
+	return mgr, s
+}
+
+func newSelfScopeProvidersFixture(t *testing.T) (*managerImpl, store.Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+	mgr, s := newSelfScopeStore(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	granted := newSynthTestProvider()
+	granted.ID = "prov-granted"
+	granted.Name = "Granted"
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, granted))
+
+	other := newSynthTestProvider()
+	other.ID = "prov-other"
+	other.Name = "Other"
+	other.CreatedAt = granted.CreatedAt.Add(time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, other))
+
+	disabled := newSynthTestProvider()
+	disabled.ID = "prov-disabled"
+	disabled.Name = "Disabled"
+	disabled.Enabled = false
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, disabled))
+
+	// user-a's group authorizes the granted and the disabled provider; the
+	// disabled one must still not surface (the proxy never routes it).
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(granted.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.DestinationProviderIDs = []string{granted.ID, disabled.ID}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy))
+
+	return mgr, s
+}
+
+func TestGetAllProviders_SelfScopedForPlainUser(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, _ := newSelfScopeProvidersFixture(t)
+
+	scoped, err := mgr.GetAllProviders(ctx, testAccountID, "user-a")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "a caller without the read grant self-scopes instead of being denied")
+	require.Len(t, scoped, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "prov-granted", scoped[0].ID)
+	assert.Empty(t, scoped[0].UpstreamURL, "the caller-scoped list is the redacted display surface")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, scoped[0].Models, "model list backs the dashboard filters")
+
+	empty, err := mgr.GetAllProviders(ctx, testAccountID, "user-out")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, empty, "a caller outside every policy gets an empty list, not an error")
+
+	all, err := mgr.GetAllProviders(ctx, testAccountID, "admin")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, all, 3, "grant holders keep the account-wide list, disabled providers included")
+	for _, p := range all {
+		if p.ID == "prov-granted" {
+			assert.NotEmpty(t, p.UpstreamURL, "a managing caller sees the connection config")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetProvider_SelfScopedForPlainUser(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, _ := newSelfScopeProvidersFixture(t)
+
+	p, err := mgr.GetProvider(ctx, testAccountID, "user-a", "prov-granted")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "prov-granted", p.ID)
+	assert.Empty(t, p.UpstreamURL)
+
+	assertNotFound := func(id string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		_, err := mgr.GetProvider(ctx, testAccountID, "user-a", id)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		var sErr *status.Error
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &sErr)
+		assert.Equal(t, status.NotFound, sErr.Type(),
+			"out-of-scope and nonexistent providers must be indistinguishable")
+	}
+	assertNotFound("prov-other")
+	assertNotFound("prov-disabled")
+	assertNotFound("prov-does-not-exist")
+}
+
+func TestGetAllProviders_SelfScopedModelsFollowGuardrails(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, s := newSelfScopeStore(t)
+
+	// A provider declaring two models, restricted by an allowlist admitting
+	// one declared model plus one the operator never declared (unreachable —
+	// the router only claims declared models, so it must not surface).
+	granted := newSynthTestProvider()
+	granted.ID = "prov-models"
+	granted.Name = "Granted"
+	granted.Models = []types.ProviderModel{
+		{ID: "gpt-5.4", InputPer1k: 0.004, OutputPer1k: 0.02},
+		{ID: "gpt-4o", InputPer1k: 0.0025, OutputPer1k: 0.01},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, granted))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, newSetupTestGuardrail("guard-models", "gpt-5.4", "gpt-undeclared")))
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(granted.ID, "grp-eng", "guard-models")
+	policy.ID = "pol-guard-models"
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy))
+
+	scoped, err := mgr.GetAllProviders(ctx, testAccountID, "user-a")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, scoped, 1)
+	require.Len(t, scoped[0].Models, 1,
+		"the self-scoped model list is the effective set: allowlist ∩ declared")
+	assert.Equal(t, "gpt-5.4", scoped[0].Models[0].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0.004, scoped[0].Models[0].InputPer1k, "declared entry survives, prices included")
+
+	all, err := mgr.GetAllProviders(ctx, testAccountID, "admin")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range all {
+		if p.ID == granted.ID {
+			assert.Len(t, p.Models, 2,
+				"grant holders keep the full declared list — their usage view spans everyone's requests")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetAllProviders_SelfScopedAllowlistWithoutDeclaredModels(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, s := newSelfScopeStore(t)
+
+	// No operator declaration: the router claims every model, so the
+	// allowlist union is the effective set and comes back as bare entries.
+	granted := newSynthTestProvider()
+	granted.ID = "prov-bare"
+	granted.Name = "Granted"
+	granted.Models = nil
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, granted))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, newSetupTestGuardrail("guard-bare", "gpt-5.4")))
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(granted.ID, "grp-eng", "guard-bare")
+	policy.ID = "pol-guard-bare"
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy))
+
+	scoped, err := mgr.GetAllProviders(ctx, testAccountID, "user-a")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, scoped, 1)
+	require.Len(t, scoped[0].Models, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "gpt-5.4", scoped[0].Models[0].ID)
+}
+
+func TestGetAllProviders_SelfScopedUnrestrictedFallsBackToCatalogModels(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, s := newSelfScopeStore(t)
+
+	// Unrestricted policy on a provider without an operator declaration:
+	// the setup answer advertises the catalog models, and the scoped
+	// provider list must match so the model filter is never emptier than
+	// the setup page.
+	granted := newSynthTestProvider()
+	granted.ID = "prov-catalog"
+	granted.Name = "Granted"
+	granted.Models = nil
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, granted))
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(granted.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-catalog"
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy))
+
+	scoped, err := mgr.GetAllProviders(ctx, testAccountID, "user-a")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, scoped, 1)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, scoped[0].Models, "catalog models back the filter when the operator declared none")
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(scoped[0].Models))
+	for _, m := range scoped[0].Models {
+		ids = append(ids, m.ID)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, declaredModelIDs(granted), ids, "the scoped list mirrors the setup answer's declared/catalog set")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/reconcile.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/reconcile.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69e684014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/reconcile.go
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// syntheticMapping pairs a synthesised proxy mapping with the address of the
+// proxy that serves it. The cluster is recorded rather than derived from the
+// mapping's domain: ProxyMapping does not carry it, and the previous derivation
+// -- everything after the first DNS label -- is wrong whenever the service's
+// domain is not one label under its proxy's address, which silently addressed
+// updates to a cluster no proxy declares.
+type syntheticMapping struct {
+	mapping *proto.ProxyMapping
+	cluster string
+}
+
+// reconcile recomputes the synthesised reverse-proxy services for an
+// account, diffs them against the previously-synthesised set in the
+// in-memory cache, and emits Create / Update / Delete proxy mappings
+// to the affected clusters. Also triggers a peer-side network-map
+// recompute via accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers so the
+// private-service ACL injection picks up the new state immediately.
+//
+// Reconcile failures are logged and swallowed — the underlying CRUD
+// has already completed, and the next mutation (or proxy reconnect)
+// will re-converge the cluster's view.
+func (m *managerImpl) reconcile(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
+	if accountID == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		if m.accountManager != nil {
+			m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{
+				Resource:  types.UpdateResourceService,
+				Operation: types.UpdateOperationUpdate,
+			})
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if m.proxyController == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, m.store, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).WithError(err).Warnf("agent-network reconcile: synthesise services for account %s", accountID)
+		return
+	}
+
+	oidcCfg := m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()
+	current := make(map[string]syntheticMapping, len(services))
+	for _, svc := range services {
+		if svc == nil || svc.ID == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		current[svc.ID] = syntheticMapping{
+			mapping: svc.ToProtoMapping(rpservice.Update, "", oidcCfg),
+			cluster: svc.ProxyCluster,
+		}
+	}
+
+	m.reconcileMu.Lock()
+	previous := m.reconcileCache[accountID]
+	if previous == nil {
+		previous = make(map[string]syntheticMapping)
+	}
+
+	creates, updates, deletes := diffMappings(previous, current)
+	if len(current) == 0 {
+		delete(m.reconcileCache, accountID)
+	} else {
+		m.reconcileCache[accountID] = current
+	}
+	m.reconcileMu.Unlock()
+
+	for _, entry := range creates {
+		entry.mapping.Type = proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED
+		m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, entry.mapping, entry.cluster)
+	}
+	for _, entry := range updates {
+		entry.mapping.Type = proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_MODIFIED
+		m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, entry.mapping, entry.cluster)
+	}
+	for _, entry := range deletes {
+		entry.mapping.Type = proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED
+		m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, entry.mapping, entry.cluster)
+	}
+}
+
+// diffMappings classifies the previous→current transition for a single
+// account into Create / Update / Delete sets.
+//
+// A change of serving proxy for the same service ID is surfaced as a Delete
+// addressed to the old proxy plus a Create addressed to the new one, so the
+// mapping actually moves. Comparing the recorded cluster is what makes that
+// detectable: with a placement-free endpoint the mapping's domain is identical
+// before and after the move, so nothing about the mapping itself reveals it.
+func diffMappings(previous, current map[string]syntheticMapping) (creates, updates, deletes []syntheticMapping) {
+	for id, cur := range current {
+		prev, existed := previous[id]
+		switch {
+		case !existed:
+			creates = append(creates, cur)
+		case prev.mapping.GetDomain() == "" ||
+			cur.mapping.GetAccountId() == prev.mapping.GetAccountId() && prev.cluster != cur.cluster:
+			deletes = append(deletes, prev)
+			creates = append(creates, cur)
+		default:
+			updates = append(updates, cur)
+		}
+	}
+	for id, prev := range previous {
+		if _, stillThere := current[id]; !stillThere {
+			deletes = append(deletes, prev)
+		}
+	}
+	return creates, updates, deletes
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/reconcile_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/reconcile_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab3b08481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/reconcile_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func newReconcileMgr(t *testing.T, ctrl *gomock.Controller) (*managerImpl, *store.MockStore, *proxy.MockController) {
+	t.Helper()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	mockProxy := proxy.NewMockController(ctrl)
+	return &managerImpl{
+		store:           mockStore,
+		proxyController: mockProxy,
+		reconcileCache:  make(map[string]map[string]syntheticMapping),
+	}, mockStore, mockProxy
+}
+
+func newReconcileTestProvider() *types.Provider {
+	return &types.Provider{
+		ID:                "prov-1",
+		AccountID:         "acct-1",
+		ProviderID:        "openai_api",
+		Name:              "OpenAI",
+		UpstreamURL:       "https://api.openai.com",
+		APIKey:            "sk-test-key",
+		Enabled:           true,
+		SessionPrivateKey: "test-priv-key",
+		SessionPublicKey:  "test-pub-key",
+	}
+}
+
+func newReconcileTestPolicy(providerID, sourceGroupID string) *types.Policy {
+	return &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     "pol-1",
+		AccountID:              "acct-1",
+		Name:                   "engineers",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{sourceGroupID},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{providerID},
+	}
+}
+
+func newReconcileTestSettings() *types.Settings {
+	return &types.Settings{
+		AccountID:    "acct-1",
+		Domain:       "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		ProxyAddress: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+	}
+}
+
+func expectReconcileSynthInputs(mockStore *store.MockStore, ctx context.Context, providers []*types.Provider, policies []*types.Policy, guardrails []*types.Guardrail) {
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").
+		Return(newReconcileTestSettings(), nil)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").
+		Return(providers, nil)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").
+		Return(policies, nil)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").
+		Return(guardrails, nil)
+}
+
+func TestReconcile_FirstSynth_EmitsCreate(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mgr, mockStore, mockProxy := newReconcileMgr(t, ctrl)
+	provider := newReconcileTestProvider()
+	policy := newReconcileTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng")
+
+	expectReconcileSynthInputs(mockStore, ctx, []*types.Provider{provider}, []*types.Policy{policy}, []*types.Guardrail{})
+	mockProxy.EXPECT().GetOIDCValidationConfig().Return(proxy.OIDCValidationConfig{})
+
+	var sentMappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
+	mockProxy.EXPECT().
+		SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, "acct-1", gomock.Any(), "eu.proxy.netbird.io").
+		Do(func(_ context.Context, _ string, m *proto.ProxyMapping, _ string) {
+			sentMappings = append(sentMappings, m)
+		})
+
+	mgr.reconcile(ctx, "acct-1")
+
+	require.Len(t, sentMappings, 1, "first synth must emit one mapping")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED, sentMappings[0].Type, "first synth is a Create")
+	assert.Equal(t, "agent-net-svc-acct-1", sentMappings[0].Id, "stable account-scoped virtual service id")
+	assert.Equal(t, "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io", sentMappings[0].Domain, "domain comes from settings (subdomain.cluster)")
+
+	mgr.reconcileMu.Lock()
+	cached := mgr.reconcileCache["acct-1"]
+	mgr.reconcileMu.Unlock()
+	require.Len(t, cached, 1, "cache must hold the synth result for next diff")
+}
+
+func TestReconcile_NoChange_EmitsNothingExtra(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mgr, mockStore, mockProxy := newReconcileMgr(t, ctrl)
+	provider := newReconcileTestProvider()
+	policy := newReconcileTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng")
+
+	// Two identical synth runs.
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").
+		Return(newReconcileTestSettings(), nil).Times(2)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").
+		Return([]*types.Provider{provider}, nil).Times(2)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policy}, nil).Times(2)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").
+		Return([]*types.Guardrail{}, nil).Times(2)
+	mockProxy.EXPECT().GetOIDCValidationConfig().Return(proxy.OIDCValidationConfig{}).Times(2)
+
+	createCalls := 0
+	updateCalls := 0
+	mockProxy.EXPECT().
+		SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, "acct-1", gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		Do(func(_ context.Context, _ string, m *proto.ProxyMapping, _ string) {
+			switch m.Type {
+			case proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED:
+				createCalls++
+			case proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_MODIFIED:
+				updateCalls++
+			}
+		}).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	mgr.reconcile(ctx, "acct-1")
+	mgr.reconcile(ctx, "acct-1")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, createCalls, "first reconcile creates")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, updateCalls, "second reconcile re-pushes as Modified (no semantic change but mapping fields refresh)")
+}
+
+func TestReconcile_PolicyRemoved_EmitsDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mgr, mockStore, mockProxy := newReconcileMgr(t, ctrl)
+	provider := newReconcileTestProvider()
+	policy := newReconcileTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng")
+
+	gomock.InOrder(
+		// First reconcile: provider + policy, synthesised.
+		mockStore.EXPECT().GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").Return(newReconcileTestSettings(), nil),
+		mockStore.EXPECT().GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").Return([]*types.Provider{provider}, nil),
+		mockStore.EXPECT().GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").Return([]*types.Policy{policy}, nil),
+		mockStore.EXPECT().GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").Return([]*types.Guardrail{}, nil),
+		// Second reconcile: policy gone, provider stays but no longer referenced.
+		mockStore.EXPECT().GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").Return(newReconcileTestSettings(), nil),
+		mockStore.EXPECT().GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").Return([]*types.Provider{provider}, nil),
+		mockStore.EXPECT().GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "acct-1").Return([]*types.Policy{}, nil),
+	)
+	mockProxy.EXPECT().GetOIDCValidationConfig().Return(proxy.OIDCValidationConfig{}).AnyTimes()
+
+	var seenTypes []proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType
+	mockProxy.EXPECT().
+		SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, "acct-1", gomock.Any(), "eu.proxy.netbird.io").
+		Do(func(_ context.Context, _ string, m *proto.ProxyMapping, _ string) {
+			seenTypes = append(seenTypes, m.Type)
+		}).
+		AnyTimes()
+
+	mgr.reconcile(ctx, "acct-1")
+	mgr.reconcile(ctx, "acct-1")
+
+	require.Len(t, seenTypes, 2, "create then delete")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED, seenTypes[0])
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED, seenTypes[1])
+
+	mgr.reconcileMu.Lock()
+	_, present := mgr.reconcileCache["acct-1"]
+	mgr.reconcileMu.Unlock()
+	assert.False(t, present, "cache for the account must be cleared once nothing is synthesised")
+}
+
+func TestReconcile_NilProxyController_NoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr := &managerImpl{
+		reconcileCache: make(map[string]map[string]syntheticMapping),
+	}
+	// Must not panic; must not query the store.
+	mgr.reconcile(ctx, "acct-1")
+}
+
+func TestReconcile_EmptyAccountID_NoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mgr, _, _ := newReconcileMgr(t, ctrl)
+	// Empty accountID short-circuits before any store call.
+	mgr.reconcile(ctx, "")
+}
+
+// TestDiffMappings_ServingProxyChange — when the proxy serving an account
+// changes, the same service ID must be deleted on the old proxy and created on
+// the new one. The cluster cannot be recovered from the mapping's domain: with a
+// placement-free endpoint the domain does not change at all when the serving
+// proxy does, so a domain-derived cluster sees no change and emits a plain
+// update, addressed to a proxy that does not exist.
+func TestDiffMappings_ServingProxyChange(t *testing.T) {
+	previous := map[string]syntheticMapping{
+		"svc-1": {
+			mapping: &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1", Domain: "brave-otter.gateway.example.com"},
+			cluster: "proxy.example.com",
+		},
+	}
+	current := map[string]syntheticMapping{
+		"svc-1": {
+			mapping: &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1", Domain: "brave-otter.gateway.example.com"},
+			cluster: "brave-otter.gateway.example.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	creates, updates, deletes := diffMappings(previous, current)
+
+	if assert.Len(t, deletes, 1, "the old proxy must be told to drop the mapping") {
+		assert.Equal(t, "proxy.example.com", deletes[0].cluster)
+	}
+	if assert.Len(t, creates, 1, "the new proxy must be told to add it") {
+		assert.Equal(t, "brave-otter.gateway.example.com", creates[0].cluster)
+	}
+	assert.Empty(t, updates, "a serving-proxy move is a delete plus a create, not an update")
+}
+
+// TestDiffMappings_UnchangedClusterIsAnUpdate keeps the ordinary path: same
+// service, same proxy, changed contents.
+func TestDiffMappings_UnchangedClusterIsAnUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	previous := map[string]syntheticMapping{
+		"svc-1": {
+			mapping: &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1", Domain: "otter.proxy.example.com"},
+			cluster: "proxy.example.com",
+		},
+	}
+	current := map[string]syntheticMapping{
+		"svc-1": {
+			mapping: &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1", Domain: "otter.proxy.example.com"},
+			cluster: "proxy.example.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	creates, updates, deletes := diffMappings(previous, current)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, creates)
+	assert.Empty(t, deletes)
+	if assert.Len(t, updates, 1) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "proxy.example.com", updates[0].cluster)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDiffMappings_RemovedServiceIsDeletedOnItsOwnCluster — a service that has
+// gone away is deleted on the cluster it was last served by, which is recorded
+// rather than re-derived.
+func TestDiffMappings_RemovedServiceIsDeletedOnItsOwnCluster(t *testing.T) {
+	previous := map[string]syntheticMapping{
+		"svc-1": {
+			mapping: &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1", Domain: "brave-otter.gateway.example.com"},
+			cluster: "brave-otter.gateway.example.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	creates, updates, deletes := diffMappings(previous, map[string]syntheticMapping{})
+
+	assert.Empty(t, creates)
+	assert.Empty(t, updates)
+	if assert.Len(t, deletes, 1) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "brave-otter.gateway.example.com", deletes[0].cluster)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/settings_bootstrap_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/settings_bootstrap_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..299fe9ff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/settings_bootstrap_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	nbtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// bootstrapFixture wires a real sqlite store to a gomock permissions manager
+// so tests can grant or deny the settings permission per case.
+type bootstrapFixture struct {
+	manager Manager
+	store   store.Store
+	perms   *permissions.MockManager
+	// vendor stands in for the provider credential check's vendor call, which
+	// runs on every provider write. Without it these tests would reach a real
+	// vendor to save a record.
+	vendor *stubLister
+}
+
+func newBootstrapFixture(t *testing.T) *bootstrapFixture {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("sqlite store not properly supported on Windows yet")
+	}
+	t.Setenv("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE", string(nbtypes.SqliteStoreEngine))
+
+	st, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "test store setup must succeed")
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	perms := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+
+	accounts := account.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	accounts.EXPECT().StoreEvent(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+	accounts.EXPECT().UpdateAccountPeers(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+	accounts.EXPECT().BufferUpdateAccountPeers(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+
+	vendor := &stubLister{}
+	return &bootstrapFixture{
+		manager: NewManager(st, perms, accounts, nil, WithModelLister(vendor)),
+		store:   st,
+		perms:   perms,
+		vendor:  vendor,
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *bootstrapFixture) expectPermission(accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, op operations.Operation, allowed bool) {
+	f.perms.EXPECT().
+		ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, userID, module, op).
+		Return(allowed, context.Background(), nil)
+}
+
+func (f *bootstrapFixture) createSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, proxyAddress, endpoint string) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	return f.manager.CreateSettings(ctx, userID, types.DefaultSettings(accountID), proxyAddress, endpoint)
+}
+
+// TestCreateSettingsRequiresPermission pins the gate: bootstrap assigns the
+// account's immutable endpoint, a settings write requiring the settings
+// Create permission — and a denial leaves no row behind.
+func TestCreateSettingsRequiresPermission(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create, false)
+
+	_, err := f.createSettings(ctx, "account1", "user1", "cluster1.example.com", "")
+	require.Error(t, err, "bootstrap without the settings permission must fail")
+	var sErr *status.Error
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &sErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, status.PermissionDenied, sErr.Type(), "denial should surface as permission denied")
+
+	_, err = f.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "account1")
+	assert.Error(t, err, "settings row must not be created when bootstrap is denied")
+}
+
+// TestCreateSettingsLabeled pins the labeled shape: the server allocates an
+// adjective-noun label beneath the proxy address, the pin is not dedicated,
+// and the domain records the full endpoint hostname.
+func TestCreateSettingsLabeled(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create, true)
+
+	created, err := f.createSettings(ctx, "account1", "user1", "Cluster1.Example.com", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "labeled bootstrap must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, "cluster1.example.com", created.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must be pinned lowercased")
+	require.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(created.Domain, ".cluster1.example.com"),
+		"domain must hang one label beneath the proxy address: %s", created.Domain)
+	label := strings.TrimSuffix(created.Domain, ".cluster1.example.com")
+	assert.NotContains(t, label, ".", "the allocated label must be a single DNS label: %s", label)
+	assert.False(t, created.Dedicated(), "a labeled pin is not dedicated")
+	assert.Equal(t, created.Domain, created.Endpoint(), "the endpoint is the domain column")
+
+	stored, err := f.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "account1")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "bootstrap must persist the row")
+	assert.Equal(t, created.Domain, stored.Domain)
+	assert.Equal(t, created.ProxyAddress, stored.ProxyAddress)
+}
+
+// TestCreateSettingsSelfAddressed pins the dedicated shape: the endpoint is
+// claimed verbatim (normalized), Domain == ProxyAddress, and the claim
+// succeeds with no proxy declaring the address yet (address-first).
+func TestCreateSettingsSelfAddressed(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create, true)
+
+	created, err := f.createSettings(ctx, "account1", "user1", "", "Brave-Otter.GW.Example.com")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "self-addressed bootstrap must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, "brave-otter.gw.example.com", created.Domain, "endpoint must be claimed lowercased")
+	assert.Equal(t, created.Domain, created.ProxyAddress, "self-addressed: proxy address is the endpoint")
+	assert.True(t, created.Dedicated(), "a self-addressed pin is dedicated")
+}
+
+// TestCreateSettingsIdentityFieldValidation pins the request contract: exactly
+// one of proxyAddress and endpoint, and both must be well-formed hostnames.
+func TestCreateSettingsIdentityFieldValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		proxyAddress string
+		endpoint     string
+	}{
+		"neither":               {"", ""},
+		"both":                  {"cluster1.example.com", "gw.example.com"},
+		"trailing dot endpoint": {"", "gw.example.com."},
+		"leading dot endpoint":  {"", ".gw.example.com"},
+		"whitespace inside":     {"", "g w.example.com"},
+		"empty label in parent": {"eu..example.com", ""},
+		"hyphen-edged label":    {"", "-gw.example.com"},
+	}
+	for name, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+			f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create, true)
+
+			_, err := f.createSettings(ctx, "account1", "user1", tc.proxyAddress, tc.endpoint)
+			require.Error(t, err, "invalid identity input must be rejected")
+			var sErr *status.Error
+			require.ErrorAs(t, err, &sErr)
+			assert.Equal(t, status.InvalidArgument, sErr.Type(), "rejection must be a validation error")
+
+			_, err = f.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "account1")
+			assert.Error(t, err, "no row may be left behind by a rejected bootstrap")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCreateSettingsConflictsOnSecondBootstrap pins that bootstrap is a
+// one-time create per account: a second call is a conflict, whatever shape it
+// asks for, and the original row survives untouched.
+func TestCreateSettingsConflictsOnSecondBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create, true)
+
+	first, err := f.createSettings(ctx, "account1", "user1", "cluster1.example.com", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create, true)
+	_, err = f.createSettings(ctx, "account1", "user1", "", "other.example.com")
+	require.Error(t, err, "second bootstrap must fail")
+	var sErr *status.Error
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &sErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, status.AlreadyExists, sErr.Type(), "second bootstrap must surface as a conflict")
+
+	stored, err := f.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "account1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.Domain, stored.Domain, "the original endpoint must survive the rejected bootstrap")
+}
+
+// TestCreateSettingsEndpointTaken pins global hostname uniqueness: a hostname
+// held by one account cannot be claimed by another, in either direction —
+// self-addressed onto self-addressed, or self-addressed onto an allocated
+// labeled endpoint.
+func TestCreateSettingsEndpointTaken(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create, true)
+	first, err := f.createSettings(ctx, "account1", "user1", "", "gw.example.com")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	f.expectPermission("account2", "user2", modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create, true)
+	_, err = f.createSettings(ctx, "account2", "user2", "", "gw.example.com")
+	require.Error(t, err, "a taken hostname must be refused")
+	var sErr *status.Error
+	require.ErrorAs(t, err, &sErr)
+	assert.Equal(t, status.AlreadyExists, sErr.Type(), "the refusal must surface as a conflict")
+
+	f.expectPermission("account3", "user3", modules.AgentNetworkSettings, operations.Create, true)
+	_, err = f.createSettings(ctx, "account3", "user3", "", first.Domain)
+	require.Error(t, err, "claiming another account's endpoint must be refused")
+}
+
+// TestCreateProviderHasNoSettingsSideEffects pins the decoupling: provider
+// create needs only the providers permission (gomock fails the test on any
+// settings-permission call) and never creates a settings row.
+func TestCreateProviderHasNoSettingsSideEffects(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	f := newBootstrapFixture(t)
+	f.expectPermission("account1", "user1", modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create, true)
+
+	provider := types.NewProvider("account1")
+	provider.ProviderID = "openai_api"
+	provider.Name = "openai"
+	provider.UpstreamURL = "https://api.openai.com"
+	provider.APIKey = "sk-test"
+	provider.Enabled = true
+
+	created, err := f.manager.CreateProvider(ctx, "user1", provider)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "provider create must succeed on the providers permission alone")
+	require.NotNil(t, created)
+
+	_, err = f.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "account1")
+	assert.Error(t, err, "provider create must not conjure a settings row")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..212ec7f84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1250 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/modeldiscovery"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// apiKeyPlaceholder is the literal substituted with the provider's
+// decrypted API key in catalog AuthHeaderTemplate strings.
+const apiKeyPlaceholder = "${API_KEY}" //nolint:gosec // template marker, not a credential
+
+// gcpKeyfilePrefix marks an api_key that holds a base64-encoded GCP
+// service-account JSON key ("keyfile::<base64>") rather than a static bearer
+// token; the proxy mints OAuth tokens from it. Mirrors Aperture's convention.
+const gcpKeyfilePrefix = "keyfile::"
+
+// SynthesizedServiceIDPrefix prefixes the in-memory ID of every
+// reverse-proxy service synthesised from Agent Network state. One
+// synthesised service exists per (account, cluster); the suffix is the
+// account ID so the proxy can dedup mappings cleanly.
+const SynthesizedServiceIDPrefix = "agent-net-svc-"
+
+// agentNetworkRequestCaptureBytes is the request-side body capture cap.
+// Kept modest: oversized requests (a long conversation's context can be
+// many MB) have their routing fields recovered by the proxy's tolerant
+// scan rather than buffered here, so there's no need to size this to the
+// largest possible request.
+const agentNetworkRequestCaptureBytes = 1 << 20
+
+// agentNetworkResponseCaptureBytes is the response-side body capture cap.
+// Token usage lives in the trailing SSE message_delta event, so the
+// captured prefix must reach the end of the stream. Unlike a request's
+// unbounded context, a single response is hard-capped by the model's max
+// output tokens (~128K on Opus → a few hundred KB of gzipped SSE even
+// with thinking), so 8 MiB is comfortably above any real response and is
+// effectively unlimited here — not a moving ceiling. The proxy clamps to
+// its own MaxBodyCapBytes at apply time.
+const agentNetworkResponseCaptureBytes = 8 << 20
+
+// agentNetworkCaptureContentTypes is the set of content types whose
+// bodies the proxy buffers for the LLM middlewares. JSON covers
+// buffered request and response bodies; SSE covers streaming
+// responses (the response parser sums delta tokens across chunks).
+var agentNetworkCaptureContentTypes = []string{
+	"application/json",
+	"text/event-stream",
+}
+
+// Middleware IDs the synthesised target chain registers, mirroring the
+// proxy-side built-in registry. Order matters: on_request runs in the
+// order they're listed; on_response runs in reverse, so cost_meter must
+// come BEFORE llm_response_parser in the slice so the parser populates
+// tokens before the cost meter reads them.
+const (
+	middlewareIDLLMRequestParser  = "llm_request_parser"
+	middlewareIDLLMRouter         = "llm_router"
+	middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject = "llm_identity_inject"
+	middlewareIDLLMLimitCheck     = "llm_limit_check"
+	middlewareIDLLMGuardrail      = "llm_guardrail"
+	middlewareIDCostMeter         = "cost_meter"
+	middlewareIDLLMResponseParser = "llm_response_parser"
+	middlewareIDLLMLimitRecord    = "llm_limit_record"
+)
+
+// SynthesizeServicesForCluster walks every account's agent-network
+// settings row pinned to clusterAddr and synthesises the per-account
+// gateway service. Used by the proxy-mapping snapshot path where the
+// connecting proxy has a specific cluster address and cares about every
+// account that routes through it.
+//
+// Returns nil (no error) when no settings row references the cluster.
+// Per-account synthesis failures are skipped rather than dropping every
+// account on the cluster.
+func SynthesizeServicesForCluster(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, clusterAddr string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	clusterAddr = strings.TrimSpace(clusterAddr)
+	if clusterAddr == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	settingsRows, err := s.GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, clusterAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list agent network settings on cluster: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(settingsRows) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var out []*rpservice.Service
+	for _, settings := range settingsRows {
+		if settings == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		services, serr := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, settings.AccountID)
+		if serr != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, svc := range services {
+			if svc != nil && svc.ProxyCluster == clusterAddr {
+				out = append(out, svc)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// SynthesizeServiceForDomain resolves a single agent-network service by its
+// public endpoint domain — a point query on the settings domain unique index,
+// then synthesis of just that account. Returns nil (no error) when no account
+// owns the domain.
+func SynthesizeServiceForDomain(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, domain string) (*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	domain = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(domain))
+	if domain == "" {
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // optional lookup: no account owns the domain
+	}
+
+	settings, err := s.GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		if isNotFound(err) {
+			return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // optional lookup: no account owns the domain
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get agent network settings by domain: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, settings.AccountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for _, svc := range services {
+		if svc != nil && svc.Domain == domain {
+			return svc, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // optional lookup: no account owns the domain
+}
+
+// SynthesizeServices builds the in-memory reverse-proxy service that
+// fronts the account's agent-network gateway. Returns nil when the
+// account has no settings row, no enabled providers, or no enabled
+// policies — in any of those cases there's nothing useful to expose.
+//
+// One service per (account, settings.ProxyAddress) is emitted. The router
+// middleware encodes a denormalised model→provider routing table
+// (auth headers + decrypted API keys baked in); the policy_check
+// middleware encodes per-provider authorised group IDs derived from
+// the account's enabled policies.
+//
+// Services are NEVER persisted — callers regenerate them on every
+// network-map / proxy-mapping cycle from current state.
+func SynthesizeServices(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	settings, ok, err := loadSettings(ctx, s, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(settings.ProxyAddress) == "" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	providers, err := s.GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list agent network providers: %w", err)
+	}
+	enabledProviders := filterEnabledProviders(providers)
+	if len(enabledProviders) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	policies, err := s.GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list agent network policies: %w", err)
+	}
+	enabledPolicies := filterEnabledPolicies(policies)
+	if len(enabledPolicies) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// Backfill any missing session keypairs before deriving a
+	// service-level keypair. Old rows pre-date the column; treating
+	// the gap as a no-op produces an immediate dial failure, so we
+	// fix it once here and persist for future cycles.
+	for _, p := range enabledProviders {
+		if p.SessionPrivateKey != "" && p.SessionPublicKey != "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := backfillProviderSessionKeys(ctx, s, p); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("backfill session keys for provider %s: %w", p.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	guardrails, err := s.GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list agent network guardrails: %w", err)
+	}
+	guardrailsByID := make(map[string]*types.Guardrail, len(guardrails))
+	for _, g := range guardrails {
+		if g != nil {
+			guardrailsByID[g.ID] = g
+		}
+	}
+
+	groupIndex := indexProviderGroups(enabledPolicies)
+	catalogByProvider := catalogIDsByProvider(enabledProviders)
+
+	// The proxy guardrail is a per-provider fail-closed backstop; the
+	// authoritative per-policy/group decision is management's
+	// SelectPolicyForRequest. A provider lands in that map only when every
+	// authorising policy restricts models.
+	providerAllowlists := buildProviderAllowlists(enabledPolicies, guardrailsByID, catalogByProvider)
+
+	// Discovery gets the finer view: per policy rather than flattened per
+	// provider, so a listing can be bounded to what the calling groups may
+	// actually use instead of the union across everyone who reaches the
+	// provider.
+	modelPolicies := buildModelPolicies(enabledPolicies, guardrailsByID, catalogByProvider)
+
+	routerCfgJSON, err := buildRouterConfigJSON(enabledProviders, groupIndex, modelPolicies)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	identityInjectJSON, err := buildIdentityInjectConfigJSON(enabledProviders, groupIndex)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	costMeterJSON, err := buildCostMeterConfigJSON(enabledProviders, groupIndex)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	mergedGuardrails := mergeGuardrails(enabledPolicies, guardrailsByID)
+	applyAccountCollectionControls(&mergedGuardrails, settings)
+	guardrailJSON, err := marshalGuardrailConfig(providerAllowlists, mergedGuardrails.PromptCapture)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Use the merged decision (account settings OR policy-required redaction),
+	// not the raw account flag, so a policy that mandates PII redaction is
+	// honored by the capture parsers even when the account toggle is off.
+	middlewares := buildMiddlewareChain(routerCfgJSON, identityInjectJSON, guardrailJSON, costMeterJSON, mergedGuardrails.PromptCapture.RedactPii, mergedGuardrails.PromptCapture.Enabled)
+
+	priv, pub, err := pickServiceSessionKeys(enabledProviders)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	svc := buildAccountService(accountID, settings, enabledPolicies, middlewares, priv, pub)
+	return []*rpservice.Service{svc}, nil
+}
+
+// loadSettings returns the account's agent-network settings row. The
+// boolean reports whether a row exists; a status.NotFound surfaces as
+// (nil, false, nil) so callers can treat "no settings" as "no
+// synthesis" without inspecting error types themselves.
+func loadSettings(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string) (*types.Settings, bool, error) {
+	settings, err := s.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err == nil {
+		return settings, true, nil
+	}
+	var sErr *status.Error
+	if errors.As(err, &sErr) && sErr.Type() == status.NotFound {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+	return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("get agent network settings: %w", err)
+}
+
+// filterEnabledProviders returns the subset of enabled providers, sorted
+// by created_at ascending so the router config is deterministic and
+// first-match-wins is stable across synthesis cycles.
+func filterEnabledProviders(providers []*types.Provider) []*types.Provider {
+	out := make([]*types.Provider, 0, len(providers))
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		if p == nil || !p.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, p)
+	}
+	sort.SliceStable(out, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if !out[i].CreatedAt.Equal(out[j].CreatedAt) {
+			return out[i].CreatedAt.Before(out[j].CreatedAt)
+		}
+		return out[i].ID < out[j].ID
+	})
+	return out
+}
+
+// filterEnabledPolicies returns the subset of enabled policies.
+func filterEnabledPolicies(policies []*types.Policy) []*types.Policy {
+	out := make([]*types.Policy, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p == nil || !p.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, p)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// backfillProviderSessionKeys mints an ed25519 session keypair on a
+// provider row that doesn't have one yet (rows created before the
+// keys were persistent fields) and persists it via the store so
+// subsequent cycles get stable keys.
+func backfillProviderSessionKeys(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, p *types.Provider) error {
+	pair, err := sessionkey.GenerateKeyPair()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generate session keys for provider %s: %w", p.ID, err)
+	}
+	p.SessionPrivateKey = pair.PrivateKey
+	p.SessionPublicKey = pair.PublicKey
+	if err := s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, p); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("persist backfilled session keys for provider %s: %w", p.ID, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// pickServiceSessionKeys returns the keypair the synthesised gateway
+// service signs / verifies session JWTs with. The PoC reuses the first
+// enabled provider's keypair so existing session cookies survive
+// provider edits as long as the first-by-created_at provider stays in
+// place. Returns an error when no provider has a usable keypair after
+// backfill — that surfaces a misconfigured account loudly instead of
+// emitting a service the proxy will reject as "invalid session public
+// key size".
+func pickServiceSessionKeys(providers []*types.Provider) (priv, pub string, err error) {
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		if p.SessionPrivateKey != "" && p.SessionPublicKey != "" {
+			return p.SessionPrivateKey, p.SessionPublicKey, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", "", fmt.Errorf("no provider with session keypair; update one provider to backfill")
+}
+
+// routerConfig mirrors the on-wire shape llm_router accepts. Kept
+// private so the synthesiser owns the contract; the proxy-side factory
+// JSON-decodes the same shape.
+type routerConfig struct {
+	Providers []routerProviderRoute `json:"providers"`
+}
+
+type routerProviderRoute struct {
+	ID              string   `json:"id"`
+	Vendor          string   `json:"vendor,omitempty"`
+	Vendors         []string `json:"vendors,omitempty"`
+	Models          []string `json:"models"`
+	UpstreamScheme  string   `json:"upstream_scheme"`
+	UpstreamHost    string   `json:"upstream_host"`
+	UpstreamPath    string   `json:"upstream_path,omitempty"`
+	AuthHeaderName  string   `json:"auth_header_name"`
+	AuthHeaderValue string   `json:"auth_header_value"`
+	AllowedGroupIDs []string `json:"allowed_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	// ModelPolicies is one entry per enabled policy authorising this provider,
+	// carrying that policy's source groups and the models it permits. The
+	// router bounds a model listing with it, so a provider two groups reach
+	// under different allowlists offers each only its own.
+	ModelPolicies []routerModelPolicy `json:"model_policies,omitempty"`
+	// Vertex marks a Google Vertex AI provider, whose requests carry the
+	// model in the URL path. The router selects it by path, bypassing the
+	// model/vendor table.
+	Vertex bool `json:"vertex,omitempty"`
+	// Bedrock marks an AWS Bedrock provider, whose requests carry the model in
+	// the URL path (/model/{id}/{action}). The router selects it by path,
+	// bypassing the model/vendor table; auth is a static bearer token.
+	Bedrock bool `json:"bedrock,omitempty"`
+	// GCPServiceAccountKeyB64 carries a base64-encoded GCP service-account
+	// JSON key (from a "keyfile::<base64>" api_key). When set, the proxy mints
+	// + refreshes the OAuth token at request time instead of injecting a static
+	// AuthHeaderValue.
+	GCPServiceAccountKeyB64 string `json:"gcp_sa_key_b64,omitempty"`
+	// SkipTLSVerify disables upstream TLS certificate verification when the
+	// proxy dials this provider's upstream. For self-hosted / internal gateways
+	// behind a private or self-signed certificate.
+	SkipTLSVerify bool `json:"skip_tls_verify,omitempty"`
+	// DiscoveryHost, when set, is the host serving this provider's model
+	// listing, for a vendor that does not serve it from the inference host.
+	DiscoveryHost string `json:"discovery_host,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// indexProviderGroups walks the enabled policies and returns, per
+// provider id, the sorted union of source group ids across every
+// policy that authorises the provider. Providers with no authorising
+// policy are absent from the map. The router consumes this to filter
+// candidate routes by the caller's group memberships before the
+// path-prefix tiebreak runs.
+func indexProviderGroups(policies []*types.Policy) map[string][]string {
+	sets := make(map[string]map[string]struct{})
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		if policy == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, providerID := range policy.DestinationProviderIDs {
+			if providerID == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			set, ok := sets[providerID]
+			if !ok {
+				set = make(map[string]struct{})
+				sets[providerID] = set
+			}
+			for _, group := range policy.SourceGroups {
+				if group != "" {
+					set[group] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	out := make(map[string][]string, len(sets))
+	for providerID, set := range sets {
+		groups := make([]string, 0, len(set))
+		for g := range set {
+			groups = append(groups, g)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(groups)
+		out[providerID] = groups
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// buildRouterConfigJSON denormalises the account's enabled providers
+// into the router middleware's first-match-wins routing table.
+// Providers are listed in created_at order so the table is
+// deterministic and stable across synth cycles.
+//
+// AllowedGroupIDs is the union of source group ids across every enabled
+// policy that authorises the provider. The router uses it as a hard
+// filter — a route whose AllowedGroupIDs has no intersection with the
+// caller's user groups is removed from the candidate list before the
+// path-prefix tiebreak. Providers no enabled policy authorises
+// (orphans) are intentionally OMITTED so the router never observes a
+// route with an empty ACL.
+func buildRouterConfigJSON(providers []*types.Provider, groupIndex map[string][]string, modelPolicies map[string][]routerModelPolicy) ([]byte, error) {
+	cfg := routerConfig{Providers: make([]routerProviderRoute, 0, len(providers))}
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		groups, hasPolicy := groupIndex[p.ID]
+		if !hasPolicy {
+			// Orphan: skip. No enabled policy authorises this
+			// provider, so it must not be reachable.
+			continue
+		}
+		scheme, host, path, err := parseUpstreamHost(p.UpstreamURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("router config for provider %s: %w", p.ID, err)
+		}
+		// Lookup rather than assume: an unknown provider id yields the zero
+		// entry, which declares no discovery and so contributes nothing.
+		catalogEntry, _ := catalog.Lookup(p.ProviderID)
+		headerName, headerValue, gcpSAKeyB64, err := providerAuthHeader(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		cfg.Providers = append(cfg.Providers, routerProviderRoute{
+			ID:                      p.ID,
+			Vendor:                  providerVendor(p),
+			Vendors:                 providerVendors(p),
+			Models:                  providerModelIDs(p),
+			UpstreamScheme:          scheme,
+			UpstreamHost:            host,
+			UpstreamPath:            path,
+			AuthHeaderName:          headerName,
+			AuthHeaderValue:         headerValue,
+			AllowedGroupIDs:         groups,
+			ModelPolicies:           modelPolicies[p.ID],
+			Vertex:                  catalog.IsVertexPathStyle(p.ProviderID),
+			Bedrock:                 catalog.IsBedrockPathStyle(p.ProviderID),
+			GCPServiceAccountKeyB64: gcpSAKeyB64,
+			SkipTLSVerify:           p.SkipTLSVerification,
+			DiscoveryHost:           discoveryHost(catalogEntry, p.UpstreamURL),
+		})
+	}
+	out, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal llm_router middleware config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// discoveryHost returns the host serving this provider's model listing when it
+// differs from the inference host, and empty when the two are the same — which
+// is true of every vendor but Bedrock, whose ListInferenceProfiles is a control
+// plane operation on bedrock.<region> while InvokeModel must go to
+// bedrock-runtime.<region>. One provider record therefore needs two hosts.
+//
+// The catalog declares the listing host; the region is recovered from the
+// upstream the operator configured, since a provider record carries no region
+// field. An upstream matching no catalog template yields empty rather than a
+// guess: a proxied or self-hosted Bedrock endpoint may serve both from one
+// place, and inventing a host would send the credential somewhere the operator
+// never configured.
+func discoveryHost(entry catalog.Provider, upstreamURL string) string {
+	if entry.Discovery == nil || entry.Discovery.Host == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	host := entry.Discovery.Host
+	if !strings.Contains(host, catalog.RegionPlaceholder) {
+		return host
+	}
+	region := modeldiscovery.RegionFromUpstream(entry, upstreamURL)
+	if region == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.ReplaceAll(host, catalog.RegionPlaceholder, region)
+}
+
+// providerVendor returns the parser surface ("openai", "anthropic", …)
+// the provider speaks, sourced from its catalog entry's ParserID. The
+// router uses it to keep a request the parser tagged with a vendor on a
+// route of the same vendor — so e.g. an Anthropic /v1/messages call is
+// never sent to an OpenAI-compatible gateway that also claims the model.
+// Empty when the catalog entry is unknown or declares no parser surface;
+// the router then falls back to model / path routing.
+func providerVendor(p *types.Provider) string {
+	entry, ok := catalog.Lookup(p.ProviderID)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return entry.ParserID
+}
+
+// providerVendors returns the parser surfaces a multi-surface gateway route
+// accepts. Single-surface providers keep using the singular vendor field so
+// existing proxy versions and configurations retain their wire shape.
+func providerVendors(p *types.Provider) []string {
+	entry, ok := catalog.Lookup(p.ProviderID)
+	if !ok || len(entry.RouterVendors) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return append([]string(nil), entry.RouterVendors...)
+}
+
+// providerModelIDs returns the model identifiers exposed by the
+// provider, deduplicated and in the operator's declared order. Empty
+// slice when no models are configured — the router treats that as
+// "claim every model" so gateway-style providers (LiteLLM, custom
+// OpenAI-compatible endpoints) work without the operator enumerating
+// the upstream's full model catalog in NetBird.
+func providerModelIDs(p *types.Provider) []string {
+	if len(p.Models) == 0 {
+		return []string{}
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(p.Models))
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(p.Models))
+	for _, m := range p.Models {
+		if m.ID == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, dup := seen[m.ID]; dup {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[m.ID] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, m.ID)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// identityInjectConfig mirrors the on-wire shape llm_identity_inject
+// accepts.
+type identityInjectConfig struct {
+	Providers []identityInjectProvider `json:"providers"`
+}
+
+// identityInjectProvider carries one provider's injection rule.
+// Identity-stamping uses one of HeaderPair / JSONMetadata (mutually
+// exclusive). ExtraHeaders is independent — a list of extra
+// per-provider routing/config headers (catalog-declared, value lives
+// on the provider record) the middleware stamps with anti-spoof
+// (Remove + Add) on every matching request.
+type identityInjectProvider struct {
+	ProviderID   string                      `json:"provider_id"`
+	HeaderPair   *identityInjectHeaderPair   `json:"header_pair,omitempty"`
+	JSONMetadata *identityInjectJSONMetadata `json:"json_metadata,omitempty"`
+	ExtraHeaders []identityInjectExtraHeader `json:"extra_headers,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type identityInjectExtraHeader struct {
+	Name  string `json:"name"`
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+type identityInjectHeaderPair struct {
+	EndUserIDHeader string `json:"end_user_id_header,omitempty"`
+	TagsHeader      string `json:"tags_header,omitempty"`
+	TagsInBody      bool   `json:"tags_in_body,omitempty"`
+	EndUserIDInBody bool   `json:"end_user_id_in_body,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type identityInjectJSONMetadata struct {
+	Header         string `json:"header"`
+	UserKey        string `json:"user_key,omitempty"`
+	GroupsKey      string `json:"groups_key,omitempty"`
+	MaxValueLength int    `json:"max_value_length,omitempty"`
+	Sanitize       bool   `json:"sanitize,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// buildIdentityInjectConfigJSON walks the enabled providers and emits
+// one entry per provider whose catalog entry declares an
+// IdentityInjection block. The middleware no-ops for any provider not
+// in this list, so the chain is safe to ship to all targets even when
+// no identity-stamping provider is configured.
+//
+// The caller passes groupIndex so we can mirror the synthesiser's own
+// "drop orphans" rule — providers no enabled policy authorises don't
+// reach the router, so injecting identity for them would never fire.
+// We could leave them in for symmetry, but skipping is cheaper and
+// clearer.
+func buildIdentityInjectConfigJSON(providers []*types.Provider, groupIndex map[string][]string) ([]byte, error) {
+	cfg := identityInjectConfig{Providers: make([]identityInjectProvider, 0)}
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		if _, hasPolicy := groupIndex[p.ID]; !hasPolicy {
+			continue
+		}
+		entry, ok := catalog.Lookup(p.ProviderID)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		rule, ok := buildIdentityInjectRule(p, entry)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		cfg.Providers = append(cfg.Providers, rule)
+	}
+	out, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal llm_identity_inject middleware config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// buildIdentityInjectRule assembles the injection rule for one provider
+// from its record and catalog entry. The second return is false when the
+// provider would emit nothing, so the caller can skip it entirely rather
+// than carry an inert rule for it.
+func buildIdentityInjectRule(p *types.Provider, entry catalog.Provider) (identityInjectProvider, bool) {
+	rule := identityInjectProvider{ProviderID: p.ID}
+	// Identity-stamping shape (one of HeaderPair / JSONMetadata). Skip the
+	// shape silently when the catalog entry doesn't declare one, or when the
+	// operator disabled metadata for this provider — extras can still apply,
+	// see below. MetadataDisabled suppresses only the identity dimensions
+	// (user + authorizing group), not the catalog's routing ExtraHeaders.
+	if !p.MetadataDisabled && entry.IdentityInjection != nil {
+		switch {
+		case entry.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair != nil:
+			rule.HeaderPair = buildIdentityHeaderPair(p, entry.IdentityInjection.HeaderPair)
+		case entry.IdentityInjection.JSONMetadata != nil:
+			rule.JSONMetadata = buildIdentityJSONMetadata(p, entry.IdentityInjection.JSONMetadata)
+		}
+	}
+	rule.ExtraHeaders = buildIdentityExtraHeaders(p, entry.ExtraHeaders)
+	if rule.HeaderPair == nil && rule.JSONMetadata == nil && len(rule.ExtraHeaders) == 0 {
+		return identityInjectProvider{}, false
+	}
+	return rule, true
+}
+
+// buildIdentityHeaderPair resolves the header-pair injection shape,
+// returning nil when nothing would be stamped. For Customizable shapes
+// (Bifrost today) the wire header names come from the provider record
+// verbatim; the catalog values are placeholder defaults shown by the
+// dashboard, not authoritative. Empty operator value disables stamping
+// for that dimension — applyHeaderPair already no-ops on empty header
+// names. The body-inject flags stay catalog-owned because Customizable
+// today only applies to gateways that read identity from headers (the
+// flags would be no-ops anyway).
+func buildIdentityHeaderPair(p *types.Provider, hp *catalog.HeaderPairInjection) *identityInjectHeaderPair {
+	userHeader := hp.EndUserIDHeader
+	tagsHeader := hp.TagsHeader
+	if hp.Customizable {
+		userHeader = p.IdentityHeaderUserID
+		tagsHeader = p.IdentityHeaderGroups
+	}
+	if userHeader == "" && tagsHeader == "" && !hp.TagsInBody && !hp.EndUserIDInBody {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &identityInjectHeaderPair{
+		EndUserIDHeader: userHeader,
+		TagsHeader:      tagsHeader,
+		TagsInBody:      hp.TagsInBody,
+		EndUserIDInBody: hp.EndUserIDInBody,
+	}
+}
+
+// buildIdentityJSONMetadata resolves the JSON-metadata injection shape,
+// returning nil when the catalog entry carries no header. Customizable
+// JSONMetadata reuses the same provider-record fields HeaderPair uses —
+// IdentityHeaderUserID becomes the JSON key for the user dimension, and
+// IdentityHeaderGroups becomes the JSON key for groups. Empty operator
+// value is honored as "skip this key"; applyJSONMetadata already drops
+// keys with empty names. Header itself is catalog-owned (e.g.
+// cf-aig-metadata) — operators only override the keys inside the JSON,
+// not the wire header that carries it.
+func buildIdentityJSONMetadata(p *types.Provider, jm *catalog.JSONMetadataInjection) *identityInjectJSONMetadata {
+	if jm.Header == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	userKey := jm.UserKey
+	groupsKey := jm.GroupsKey
+	if jm.Customizable {
+		userKey = p.IdentityHeaderUserID
+		groupsKey = p.IdentityHeaderGroups
+	}
+	return &identityInjectJSONMetadata{
+		Header:         jm.Header,
+		UserKey:        userKey,
+		GroupsKey:      groupsKey,
+		MaxValueLength: jm.MaxValueLength,
+		Sanitize:       jm.Sanitize,
+	}
+}
+
+// buildIdentityExtraHeaders collects catalog-declared static headers (e.g.
+// Portkey config id), emitting only entries whose value the operator has
+// filled in on the provider record; missing/empty values are no-ops.
+func buildIdentityExtraHeaders(p *types.Provider, extras []catalog.ExtraHeader) []identityInjectExtraHeader {
+	var out []identityInjectExtraHeader
+	for _, h := range extras {
+		if h.Name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		v := strings.TrimSpace(p.ExtraValues[h.Name])
+		if v == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, identityInjectExtraHeader{Name: h.Name, Value: v})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// buildMiddlewareChain assembles the per-target middleware chain that
+// implements the Agent Network behaviour at the proxy. Slot order on
+// the request leg is the slice order; on the response leg it runs in
+// reverse, so cost_meter must come BEFORE llm_response_parser so the
+// parser populates token counts before the cost meter reads them.
+//
+// Authorisation is fused into llm_router: the router carries
+// AllowedGroupIDs per provider and filters candidates by the caller's
+// user-groups before the path-prefix tiebreak. Per-policy
+// enforcement (token / budget caps) lives in llm_limit_check, which
+// runs after the router so it can read the resolved provider id;
+// llm_limit_record on the response leg posts deltas back to
+// management to keep the consumption counters fresh.
+//
+// llm_identity_inject runs immediately after the router so the
+// resolved provider id is available; it stamps NetBird identity onto
+// requests bound for gateways like LiteLLM that key budgets and
+// attribution off request headers. CanMutate is required so its
+// HeadersAdd / HeadersRemove pass the framework's mutation gate.
+func buildMiddlewareChain(routerCfgJSON, identityInjectJSON, guardrailJSON, costMeterJSON []byte, redactPii, capturePromptContent bool) []rpservice.MiddlewareConfig {
+	// Both parsers receive an explicit capture flag derived from the account's
+	// enable_prompt_collection toggle; nil/unset would default to the legacy
+	// "always emit" behavior in the middleware, which is precisely what we
+	// must suppress when the operator hasn't opted in. The flag is duplicated
+	// across both parsers under distinct field names (capture_prompt /
+	// capture_completion) to keep each parser's config independently
+	// auditable.
+	requestParserCfg := buildParserConfigJSON("capture_prompt", redactPii, capturePromptContent)
+	responseParserCfg := buildParserConfigJSON("capture_completion", redactPii, capturePromptContent)
+	return []rpservice.MiddlewareConfig{
+		{
+			ID:         middlewareIDLLMRequestParser,
+			Enabled:    true,
+			Slot:       rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest,
+			ConfigJSON: requestParserCfg,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:         middlewareIDLLMRouter,
+			Enabled:    true,
+			Slot:       rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest,
+			ConfigJSON: routerCfgJSON,
+			// llm_router rewrites the request's headers (strip
+			// client auth + inject provider auth) and the upstream
+			// target via Mutations.RewriteUpstream. Both gated on
+			// CanMutate; without this flag the chain framework
+			// drops every mutation and the reverse proxy dials the
+			// placeholder noop.invalid host (502).
+			CanMutate: true,
+		},
+		{
+			// llm_limit_check runs after the router so it knows the
+			// resolved provider id, but before identity_inject so a
+			// cap-deny doesn't pay the cost of stamping headers
+			// we'll never use.
+			ID:         middlewareIDLLMLimitCheck,
+			Enabled:    true,
+			Slot:       rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest,
+			ConfigJSON: []byte("{}"),
+		},
+		{
+			ID:         middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject,
+			Enabled:    true,
+			Slot:       rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest,
+			ConfigJSON: identityInjectJSON,
+			// CanMutate is required so HeadersAdd / HeadersRemove
+			// emitted to stamp NetBird identity onto the upstream
+			// request actually land — without it the framework
+			// drops every header mutation.
+			CanMutate: true,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:         middlewareIDLLMGuardrail,
+			Enabled:    true,
+			Slot:       rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest,
+			ConfigJSON: guardrailJSON,
+		},
+		{
+			// Response slot runs in reverse slice order at runtime:
+			// limit_record sits FIRST in the response section so it
+			// runs LAST, after llm_response_parser stamped tokens
+			// and cost_meter computed cost — both of which the
+			// recorder reads from the metadata bag.
+			ID:         middlewareIDLLMLimitRecord,
+			Enabled:    true,
+			Slot:       rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnResponse,
+			ConfigJSON: []byte("{}"),
+		},
+		{
+			// Carries the full pricing table (defaults + per-provider
+			// operator prices) so the proxy bills without an embedded
+			// price list; see buildCostMeterConfigJSON.
+			ID:         middlewareIDCostMeter,
+			Enabled:    true,
+			Slot:       rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnResponse,
+			ConfigJSON: costMeterJSON,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:         middlewareIDLLMResponseParser,
+			Enabled:    true,
+			Slot:       rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnResponse,
+			ConfigJSON: responseParserCfg,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// guardrailConfig is the JSON shape the proxy-side llm_guardrail
+// middleware expects. Mirrors the proxy registration documented in
+// the management→proxy contract. provider_allowlists is keyed by the
+// resolved provider id llm_router stamps; a provider absent from the map is
+// unrestricted at the proxy layer.
+type guardrailConfig struct {
+	ProviderAllowlists map[string][]string    `json:"provider_allowlists,omitempty"`
+	PromptCapture      guardrailPromptCapture `json:"prompt_capture"`
+}
+
+type guardrailPromptCapture struct {
+	Enabled   bool `json:"enabled"`
+	RedactPii bool `json:"redact_pii"`
+}
+
+// buildParserConfigJSON assembles the request- or response-parser config JSON.
+// captureField names the parser-specific gate (capture_prompt for the request
+// parser, capture_completion for the response parser); both are sourced from
+// settings.EnablePromptCollection. redact_pii is only meaningful when capture
+// is on (no content → nothing to redact) but we forward it verbatim so the
+// proxy-side parser stays the only place that interprets the combination.
+func buildParserConfigJSON(captureField string, redactPii, capture bool) []byte {
+	payload := map[string]any{
+		captureField: capture,
+	}
+	if redactPii {
+		payload["redact_pii"] = true
+	}
+	out, err := json.Marshal(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		// json.Marshal on a map[string]any of bools cannot fail; if it
+		// somehow does, ship the static minimal config so synth keeps
+		// working instead of panicking.
+		return []byte(`{}`)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// applyAccountCollectionControls folds the account-level collection master
+// switches into the merged guardrail set. Prompt capture enablement is sourced
+// SOLELY from the account toggle — the account-network setting is the master
+// enable, and policies don't need to attach a capture-enabled guardrail to opt
+// in. PII redaction is safe-additive: it applies when either the account or a
+// policy guardrail enables it (OR).
+func applyAccountCollectionControls(merged *MergedGuardrails, settings *types.Settings) {
+	if settings == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	merged.PromptCapture.Enabled = settings.EnablePromptCollection
+	merged.PromptCapture.RedactPii = settings.RedactPii || merged.PromptCapture.RedactPii
+}
+
+func marshalGuardrailConfig(providerAllowlists map[string][]string, capture MergedPromptCapture) ([]byte, error) {
+	cfg := guardrailConfig{
+		ProviderAllowlists: providerAllowlists,
+		PromptCapture:      guardrailPromptCapture(capture),
+	}
+	out, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal guardrail middleware config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// buildProviderAllowlists returns the proxy's per-provider backstop: a provider
+// is included only when every authorising policy restricts models (their union);
+// if any leaves it unrestricted it is omitted, so management decides per group.
+// Entries carry their provider-specific canonical form alongside the verbatim
+// one, resolved through catalogByProvider.
+func buildProviderAllowlists(policies []*types.Policy, byID map[string]*types.Guardrail, catalogByProvider map[string]string) map[string][]string {
+	type providerAcc struct {
+		models          map[string]struct{}
+		anyUnrestricted bool
+	}
+	accs := make(map[string]*providerAcc)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		restricted, models := policyModelAllowlist(p, byID)
+		for _, providerID := range p.DestinationProviderIDs {
+			if providerID == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			acc, ok := accs[providerID]
+			if !ok {
+				acc = &providerAcc{models: make(map[string]struct{})}
+				accs[providerID] = acc
+			}
+			if !restricted {
+				acc.anyUnrestricted = true
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, m := range expandModelsForProvider(models, catalogByProvider[providerID]) {
+				acc.models[m] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	out := make(map[string][]string, len(accs))
+	for providerID, acc := range accs {
+		if acc.anyUnrestricted {
+			continue
+		}
+		models := make([]string, 0, len(acc.models))
+		for m := range acc.models {
+			models = append(models, m)
+		}
+		sort.Strings(models)
+		out[providerID] = models
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// policyModelAllowlist reports whether a policy restricts models (has an
+// allowlist-enabled guardrail) and the union of allowed models, verbatim.
+// Consumers expand the entries per destination provider with
+// expandModelsForProvider — the canonical form is provider-specific — and
+// the proxy factory lowercases/trims them at decode time.
+func policyModelAllowlist(p *types.Policy, byID map[string]*types.Guardrail) (bool, []string) {
+	restricted := false
+	var models []string
+	for _, gID := range p.GuardrailIDs {
+		g, ok := byID[gID]
+		if !ok || g == nil || !g.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		restricted = true
+		for _, m := range g.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models {
+			if m != "" {
+				models = append(models, m)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return restricted, models
+}
+
+// expandModelsForProvider returns the allowlist entries for one destination
+// provider: each entry verbatim plus, when it differs, its canonical form
+// under that provider's catalog id — the id the proxy's parser emits at
+// request time — deduplicated. The proxy-side compares (guardrail backstop,
+// per-group router rules) then admit an allowlist however the operator
+// wrote it, raw declared id or canonical, while a plain provider's entries
+// stay verbatim and can never widen.
+func expandModelsForProvider(models []string, catalogProviderID string) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(models))
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(models))
+	add := func(m string) {
+		if m == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		if _, dup := seen[m]; dup {
+			return
+		}
+		seen[m] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, m)
+	}
+	for _, m := range models {
+		add(m)
+		add(canonicalModelKey(catalogProviderID, m))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// catalogIDsByProvider indexes providers' catalog ids by provider record id,
+// the lookup the per-provider allowlist expansion keys the normalizer on.
+func catalogIDsByProvider(providers []*types.Provider) map[string]string {
+	out := make(map[string]string, len(providers))
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		if p != nil {
+			out[p.ID] = p.ProviderID
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// buildAccountService composes the per-account gateway Service. The
+// target carries the noop placeholder URL — the router middleware
+// rewrites every request to the matched provider's upstream before the
+// proxy dials — alongside the full middleware chain and capture caps.
+func buildAccountService(
+	accountID string,
+	settings *types.Settings,
+	enabledPolicies []*types.Policy,
+	middlewares []rpservice.MiddlewareConfig,
+	sessionPriv, sessionPub string,
+) *rpservice.Service {
+	cluster := settings.ProxyAddress
+	domain := settings.Endpoint()
+	serviceID := SynthesizedServiceIDPrefix + accountID
+
+	return &rpservice.Service{
+		ID:           serviceID,
+		AccountID:    accountID,
+		Name:         "agent-network-" + accountID,
+		Domain:       domain,
+		ProxyCluster: cluster,
+		Mode:         rpservice.ModeHTTP,
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Private:      true,
+		// AccessGroups gates tunnel-peer access (ValidateTunnelPeer) to the
+		// synthesised agent-network endpoint. Agents reach the gateway over
+		// the WireGuard tunnel and are authorised by their peer→user group
+		// membership — the union of every enabled policy's source groups.
+		AccessGroups:      unionSourceGroups(enabledPolicies),
+		PassHostHeader:    false,
+		RewriteRedirects:  false,
+		SessionPrivateKey: sessionPriv,
+		SessionPublicKey:  sessionPub,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{
+				AccountID:  accountID,
+				ServiceID:  serviceID,
+				TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypeCluster,
+				TargetId:   cluster,
+				Host:       noopUpstreamHost,
+				Port:       noopUpstreamPort,
+				Protocol:   noopUpstreamScheme,
+				Enabled:    true,
+				Options: rpservice.TargetOptions{
+					DirectUpstream:          true,
+					AgentNetwork:            true,
+					DisableAccessLog:        !settings.EnableLogCollection,
+					Middlewares:             middlewares,
+					CaptureMaxRequestBytes:  agentNetworkRequestCaptureBytes,
+					CaptureMaxResponseBytes: agentNetworkResponseCaptureBytes,
+					CaptureContentTypes:     append([]string(nil), agentNetworkCaptureContentTypes...),
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+const (
+	noopUpstreamScheme = "https"
+	noopUpstreamHost   = "noop.invalid"
+	noopUpstreamPort   = uint16(443)
+)
+
+// providerAuthHeader builds the upstream auth header pair for a
+// provider from its catalog entry. The catalog declares which header
+// name and template a provider's API expects; the synthesiser
+// substitutes the provider's decrypted API key into the template and
+// returns the (name, value) pair the router middleware injects after
+// stripping the inbound vendor auth headers.
+func providerAuthHeader(p *types.Provider) (name, value, gcpSAKeyB64 string, err error) {
+	entry, ok := catalog.Lookup(p.ProviderID)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("provider %s references unknown catalog id %q", p.ID, p.ProviderID)
+	}
+	if entry.AuthHeaderName == "" || entry.AuthHeaderTemplate == "" {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("catalog entry %q has no auth header configured", p.ProviderID)
+	}
+	if p.APIKey == "" {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("provider %s has no api key", p.ID)
+	}
+	// A "keyfile::<base64 json>" api_key is a GCP service-account key, not a
+	// static bearer. The proxy mints + refreshes a short-lived OAuth token from
+	// it at request time, so carry the key material on the route and emit no
+	// static value.
+	if rest, isKeyfile := strings.CutPrefix(p.APIKey, gcpKeyfilePrefix); isKeyfile {
+		return entry.AuthHeaderName, "", strings.TrimSpace(rest), nil
+	}
+	value = strings.ReplaceAll(entry.AuthHeaderTemplate, apiKeyPlaceholder, p.APIKey)
+	return entry.AuthHeaderName, value, "", nil
+}
+
+// parseUpstreamHost splits provider.UpstreamURL into (scheme, host, path)
+// where host carries an explicit ":port" suffix when the URL set one
+// and path is the URL's path component normalised by stripping a
+// trailing slash. The router uses path to disambiguate providers that
+// claim the same model. Used by the router config so the rewrite
+// carries an authority the reverse proxy can dial verbatim.
+func parseUpstreamHost(raw string) (scheme, host, path string, err error) {
+	parsed, perr := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	if perr != nil {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("parse upstream_url %q: %w", raw, perr)
+	}
+	switch strings.ToLower(parsed.Scheme) {
+	case "http":
+		scheme = "http"
+	case "https":
+		scheme = "https"
+	default:
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("upstream_url scheme must be http or https, got %q", parsed.Scheme)
+	}
+	hostname := parsed.Hostname()
+	if hostname == "" {
+		return "", "", "", fmt.Errorf("upstream_url %q has no host", raw)
+	}
+	if port := parsed.Port(); port != "" {
+		host = hostname + ":" + port
+	} else {
+		host = hostname
+	}
+	path = strings.TrimRight(parsed.Path, "/")
+	return scheme, host, path, nil
+}
+
+// unionSourceGroups deduplicates source-group IDs across the policies
+// pointing at any provider, in deterministic order.
+func unionSourceGroups(policies []*types.Policy) []string {
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		for _, group := range policy.SourceGroups {
+			if group == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[group] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(seen))
+	for group := range seen {
+		out = append(out, group)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// MergedGuardrails is the synthesiser's fold target. Only prompt capture is
+// merged here — the model allowlist is emitted per-provider, and
+// token/budget/retention moved onto Policy.Limits and account Settings.
+type MergedGuardrails struct {
+	PromptCapture MergedPromptCapture
+}
+
+type MergedPromptCapture struct {
+	Enabled   bool `json:"enabled"`
+	RedactPii bool `json:"redact_pii"`
+}
+
+// mergeGuardrails folds the referencing policies' guardrails into the
+// prompt-capture decision only. The model allowlist is enforced per-policy/group
+// in management and shipped per-provider; token/budget/retention live off
+// guardrails now.
+//
+// Merge rule — prompt capture: enabled if any policy enables it; redact_pii
+// sticks if any enabling policy turns it on.
+func mergeGuardrails(policies []*types.Policy, byID map[string]*types.Guardrail) MergedGuardrails {
+	merged := MergedGuardrails{}
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		for _, gID := range policy.GuardrailIDs {
+			g, ok := byID[gID]
+			if !ok || g == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			mergeGuardrail(g, &merged)
+		}
+	}
+	return merged
+}
+
+// mergeGuardrail folds a single guardrail's prompt-capture settings into the
+// running merge: enabled / redact-pii stick once any enabling guardrail turns
+// them on.
+func mergeGuardrail(g *types.Guardrail, merged *MergedGuardrails) {
+	if g.Checks.PromptCapture.Enabled {
+		merged.PromptCapture.Enabled = true
+		if g.Checks.PromptCapture.RedactPii {
+			merged.PromptCapture.RedactPii = true
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// routerModelPolicy mirrors the router's ModelPolicyRule: one authorising
+// policy's source groups plus the models it permits. Models is nil for a
+// policy that sets no model allowlist, which lifts the restriction for the
+// groups it binds — so nil and empty must survive the round trip distinctly.
+type routerModelPolicy struct {
+	GroupIDs []string `json:"group_ids"`
+	Models   []string `json:"models"`
+}
+
+// buildModelPolicies indexes, per provider, one rule for each enabled policy
+// authorising it: the policy's source groups and the models its guardrail
+// permits.
+//
+// This is deliberately finer than buildProviderAllowlists, which flattens the
+// same inputs into one list per provider for the proxy's fail-closed guardrail.
+// A flattened list cannot answer "what may THIS caller see", so a provider two
+// teams reach under different allowlists would offer each team the other's
+// models — a picker full of entries the next request refuses. Keeping the
+// source groups alongside the models lets the router answer it at request time,
+// where it knows the caller's groups.
+func buildModelPolicies(policies []*types.Policy, byID map[string]*types.Guardrail, catalogByProvider map[string]string) map[string][]routerModelPolicy {
+	out := make(map[string][]routerModelPolicy)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p == nil || len(p.SourceGroups) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		restricted, models := policyModelAllowlist(p, byID)
+		for _, providerID := range p.DestinationProviderIDs {
+			if providerID == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			rule := routerModelPolicy{GroupIDs: append([]string(nil), p.SourceGroups...)}
+			if restricted {
+				// Never nil when restricted: an allowlist permitting nothing
+				// must stay distinguishable from no allowlist at all. The
+				// expansion is per provider — the canonical form of an entry
+				// depends on the destination's catalog id.
+				rule.Models = append([]string{}, expandModelsForProvider(models, catalogByProvider[providerID])...)
+			}
+			out[providerID] = append(out[providerID], rule)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_guardrail_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_guardrail_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b13f78ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_guardrail_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// decodeServiceGuardrailConfig pulls the llm_guardrail middleware config off the
+// synthesised service's single target.
+func decodeServiceGuardrailConfig(t *testing.T, svc *rpservice.Service) guardrailConfig {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NotEmpty(t, svc.Targets, "synth service must carry a target")
+	for _, mw := range svc.Targets[0].Options.Middlewares {
+		if mw.ID == middlewareIDLLMGuardrail {
+			var cfg guardrailConfig
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(mw.ConfigJSON, &cfg), "guardrail config must decode")
+			return cfg
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatal("llm_guardrail middleware not present on synthesised service")
+	return guardrailConfig{}
+}
+
+// decodeMiddlewareRawConfig returns the raw ConfigJSON bytes for the named
+// middleware on the synth service's target, or fails the test.
+func decodeMiddlewareRawConfig(t *testing.T, svc *rpservice.Service, id string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NotEmpty(t, svc.Targets, "synth service must carry a target")
+	for _, mw := range svc.Targets[0].Options.Middlewares {
+		if mw.ID == id {
+			return mw.ConfigJSON
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("middleware %q not present on synthesised service", id)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// saveGuardrailAndPolicy persists a guardrail with prompt capture + redact + a
+// model allowlist, referenced by one enabled policy. Shared by the GC-3 tests.
+func saveGuardrailAndPolicy(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, s store.Store, provider *types.Provider) {
+	t.Helper()
+	guardrail := &types.Guardrail{
+		ID:        "ainguard-1",
+		AccountID: testAccountID,
+		Name:      "strict",
+		Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{
+			ModelAllowlist: types.GuardrailModelAllowlist{Enabled: true, Models: []string{"gpt-5.4"}},
+			PromptCapture:  types.GuardrailPromptCapture{Enabled: true, RedactPii: true},
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, guardrail))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", guardrail.ID)))
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_PromptCaptureAccountIsSoleControl is the
+// GC-3 contract: the account master switch (EnablePromptCollection) is the
+// SOLE control for capture enablement. Policy-level guardrail prompt_capture is
+// ignored for enablement — operators don't need to attach a capture guardrail
+// to a policy just to turn capture on for the account. Off by default.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_PromptCaptureAccountIsSoleControl(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Account collection master switch OFF (default).
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	saveGuardrailAndPolicy(t, ctx, s, newSynthTestProvider())
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	cfg := decodeServiceGuardrailConfig(t, services[0])
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string][]string{"prov-1": {"gpt-5.4"}}, cfg.ProviderAllowlists,
+		"model allowlist is a pure policy guardrail and must reach the per-provider config")
+	assert.False(t, cfg.PromptCapture.Enabled,
+		"prompt capture must be off when the account toggle is off, even with a capture-enabled guardrail")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_PromptCaptureFlowsWhenAccountOptsIn proves
+// the account toggle is sufficient on its own — even with NO guardrail
+// attached to the policy, capture fires when the account opts in. Redact is
+// the OR of account + guardrail.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_PromptCaptureFlowsWhenAccountOptsIn(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	settings := newSynthTestSettings()
+	settings.EnablePromptCollection = true
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings))
+
+	// Save a provider and a policy with NO guardrails attached — proves the
+	// account toggle is sufficient on its own.
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	cfg := decodeServiceGuardrailConfig(t, services[0])
+	assert.True(t, cfg.PromptCapture.Enabled,
+		"account toggle alone must enable capture; no guardrail attachment required")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_AccountRedactWithoutGuardrailRedact proves
+// the redact OR-merge from the account side: account RedactPii on, guardrail
+// redact off, capture on at both levels.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_AccountRedactWithoutGuardrailRedact(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	settings := newSynthTestSettings()
+	settings.EnablePromptCollection = true
+	settings.RedactPii = true
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings))
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	guardrail := &types.Guardrail{
+		ID:        "ainguard-noredact",
+		AccountID: testAccountID,
+		Name:      "capture-only",
+		Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{
+			PromptCapture: types.GuardrailPromptCapture{Enabled: true, RedactPii: false},
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, guardrail))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", guardrail.ID)))
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	cfg := decodeServiceGuardrailConfig(t, services[0])
+	assert.True(t, cfg.PromptCapture.Enabled, "capture on (account + guardrail)")
+	assert.True(t, cfg.PromptCapture.RedactPii, "account RedactPii must apply even when the guardrail leaves it off (OR)")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_NoGuardrail_CaptureOff pins the default:
+// with no guardrail referenced, the synth service's guardrail config has prompt
+// capture disabled and an empty allowlist. This is the "off by default" baseline
+// the account switch must preserve.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_NoGuardrail_CaptureOff(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1, "exactly one synth service expected")
+
+	cfg := decodeServiceGuardrailConfig(t, services[0])
+	assert.Empty(t, cfg.ProviderAllowlists, "no guardrail → provider unrestricted (absent from map)")
+	assert.False(t, cfg.PromptCapture.Enabled, "no guardrail → prompt capture off by default")
+	assert.False(t, cfg.PromptCapture.RedactPii, "no guardrail → redact off by default")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_log_collection_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_log_collection_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9aa2a0abe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_log_collection_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_LogCollectionOff_SuppressesAccessLog drives the
+// happy default: account settings ship with EnableLogCollection=false, so the
+// synthesised target opts out of access-log emission (DisableAccessLog=true) and
+// the proto mapping the proxy receives reflects that.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_LogCollectionOff_SuppressesAccessLog(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1, "exactly one synth service expected")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, services[0].Targets, "synth service must carry a target")
+	assert.True(t, services[0].Targets[0].Options.DisableAccessLog,
+		"EnableLogCollection=false (default) must produce DisableAccessLog=true on the synth target")
+
+	mapping := services[0].ToProtoMapping(rpservice.Update, "", rpproxy.OIDCValidationConfig{})
+	require.NotEmpty(t, mapping.GetPath(), "proto mapping must carry a path")
+	assert.True(t, mapping.GetPath()[0].GetOptions().GetDisableAccessLog(),
+		"proto mapping must propagate DisableAccessLog=true so the proxy suppresses access-log emission")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_LogCollectionOn_PermitsAccessLog asserts the
+// inverse: once the account opts in, the synth target leaves DisableAccessLog
+// at its default false and the proto wire stays unset.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_LogCollectionOn_PermitsAccessLog(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	settings := newSynthTestSettings()
+	settings.EnableLogCollection = true
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1, "exactly one synth service expected")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, services[0].Targets, "synth service must carry a target")
+	assert.False(t, services[0].Targets[0].Options.DisableAccessLog,
+		"EnableLogCollection=true must leave DisableAccessLog=false on the synth target")
+
+	mapping := services[0].ToProtoMapping(rpservice.Update, "", rpproxy.OIDCValidationConfig{})
+	require.NotEmpty(t, mapping.GetPath(), "proto mapping must carry a path")
+	assert.False(t, mapping.GetPath()[0].GetOptions().GetDisableAccessLog(),
+		"proto mapping must propagate DisableAccessLog=false so access-log emission stays on")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_parser_redact_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_parser_redact_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f42c3b39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_parser_redact_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// parserRedactConfig mirrors the on-wire shape of the redact + capture knobs
+// that both llm_request_parser and llm_response_parser unmarshal. We don't
+// import the proxy-side packages from a management test (cross-module), so we
+// decode the JSON directly and assert on the fields that are part of the
+// synth contract.
+type parserRedactConfig struct {
+	RedactPii         bool  `json:"redact_pii,omitempty"`
+	CapturePrompt     *bool `json:"capture_prompt,omitempty"`     // present only on the request parser
+	CaptureCompletion *bool `json:"capture_completion,omitempty"` // present only on the response parser
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_ParserConfigsCarryRedactPii is the
+// management-side contract test for the request/response parser redaction
+// wiring. When settings.RedactPii is true, the synthesised middleware chain
+// MUST stamp redact_pii=true on both llm_request_parser and llm_response_parser
+// configs — otherwise the parsers ship raw prompts / completions to the
+// access log even though the account has opted in. This is exactly the live
+// leak path that motivated the parser-side redaction in the first place.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_ParserConfigsCarryRedactPii(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	settings := newSynthTestSettings()
+	settings.RedactPii = true
+	settings.EnablePromptCollection = true
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings))
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1, "exactly one synth service expected")
+
+	for _, parserID := range []string{middlewareIDLLMRequestParser, middlewareIDLLMResponseParser} {
+		raw := decodeMiddlewareRawConfig(t, services[0], parserID)
+		var cfg parserRedactConfig
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &cfg), "%s config must be valid JSON", parserID)
+		assert.True(t, cfg.RedactPii, "%s config must carry redact_pii=true when settings.RedactPii is on (otherwise the parser ships raw prompts/completions to the access log)", parserID)
+	}
+	// The capture flag is set explicitly to enable_prompt_collection on each
+	// parser. With it on here, both must allow emission.
+	reqCfg := decodeParserConfig(t, services[0], middlewareIDLLMRequestParser)
+	require.NotNil(t, reqCfg.CapturePrompt, "request parser must carry an explicit capture_prompt")
+	assert.True(t, *reqCfg.CapturePrompt, "capture_prompt=true when EnablePromptCollection=true")
+	respCfg := decodeParserConfig(t, services[0], middlewareIDLLMResponseParser)
+	require.NotNil(t, respCfg.CaptureCompletion, "response parser must carry an explicit capture_completion")
+	assert.True(t, *respCfg.CaptureCompletion, "capture_completion=true when EnablePromptCollection=true")
+}
+
+// decodeParserConfig is a small helper around decodeMiddlewareRawConfig that
+// also unmarshals into parserRedactConfig.
+func decodeParserConfig(t *testing.T, svc *rpservice.Service, parserID string) parserRedactConfig {
+	t.Helper()
+	raw := decodeMiddlewareRawConfig(t, svc, parserID)
+	var cfg parserRedactConfig
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &cfg), "%s config must be valid JSON", parserID)
+	return cfg
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_ParserConfigsSuppressCaptureWhenLogCollectionOnly
+// is the contract test for the bug: enable_log_collection=true with
+// enable_prompt_collection=false MUST result in capture_prompt=false on the
+// request parser AND capture_completion=false on the response parser, so the
+// access-log row stays metadata-only (provider, model, tokens, cost) and
+// carries NO prompt input nor response output. Without this, operators who
+// want billing-style logs end up with raw user prompts and model outputs in
+// every access-log entry.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_ParserConfigsSuppressCaptureWhenLogCollectionOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	settings := newSynthTestSettings()
+	settings.EnableLogCollection = true     // operator wants logs ON
+	settings.EnablePromptCollection = false // but NOT content capture
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings))
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	reqCfg := decodeParserConfig(t, services[0], middlewareIDLLMRequestParser)
+	require.NotNil(t, reqCfg.CapturePrompt, "request parser must carry an explicit capture_prompt gate")
+	assert.False(t, *reqCfg.CapturePrompt, "capture_prompt MUST be false when EnablePromptCollection is off — otherwise llm.request_prompt_raw leaks user input into the access log")
+
+	respCfg := decodeParserConfig(t, services[0], middlewareIDLLMResponseParser)
+	require.NotNil(t, respCfg.CaptureCompletion, "response parser must carry an explicit capture_completion gate")
+	assert.False(t, *respCfg.CaptureCompletion, "capture_completion MUST be false when EnablePromptCollection is off — otherwise llm.response_completion leaks model output into the access log")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_ParserConfigsOmitRedactPiiWhenOff proves
+// the inverse: with the account toggle off, the parser configs stay clean (no
+// redact_pii field, which the parsers treat as zero / no redaction). This is
+// the operator-opt-out path — the access log keeps raw prompts/completions
+// for debugging until the operator opts in.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_ParserConfigsOmitRedactPiiWhenOff(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	// Default settings: RedactPii = false.
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	for _, parserID := range []string{middlewareIDLLMRequestParser, middlewareIDLLMResponseParser} {
+		raw := decodeMiddlewareRawConfig(t, services[0], parserID)
+		// Inspect the decoded JSON directly: a struct decode would also pass
+		// if redact_pii were present-but-false. The contract is that the key
+		// is omitted entirely while the account toggle is off.
+		var rawCfg map[string]json.RawMessage
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &rawCfg), "%s config must be valid JSON", parserID)
+		assert.NotContains(t, rawCfg, "redact_pii",
+			"%s config must omit redact_pii entirely while the account toggle is off", parserID)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_pricing.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_pricing.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d57ffaef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_pricing.go
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	sharedllm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/llm"
+)
+
+// costMeterConfig is the JSON shape the proxy-side cost_meter middleware
+// expects (mirror-type pattern, same as routerConfig). The top-level
+// "pricing" wrapper is the feature-detection signal: an old proxy's config
+// struct ignores it as an unknown field, and a new proxy treats its
+// absence as "old management" (skips every cost computation and warns).
+type costMeterConfig struct {
+	Pricing *costMeterPricing `json:"pricing,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// costMeterPricing carries the full pricing table:
+//   - Defaults: surface ("openai"/"anthropic"/"bedrock") -> normalized
+//     model id -> rates. The full default table ships to every account —
+//     it is small (~10 KB) and keeps gateway-style providers (which
+//     enumerate no models) priced for every catalog model.
+//   - Providers: provider record id (matched against the
+//     llm.resolved_provider_id metadata llm_router stamps) -> normalized
+//     model id -> rates. Entries are fully materialized here at synth
+//     time — default cache rates already folded in — so the proxy does
+//     two map lookups and no merging.
+type costMeterPricing struct {
+	Defaults  map[string]map[string]pricing.Entry `json:"defaults,omitempty"`
+	Providers map[string]map[string]pricing.Entry `json:"providers,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// buildCostMeterConfigJSON assembles the cost_meter middleware config
+// from the default pricing table plus the operator's stored per-provider
+// model prices. Same orphan rule as the router: a provider no enabled
+// policy authorises is unreachable, so its prices are not shipped.
+//
+// Overlay semantics per model row:
+//   - The row's model id is normalized exactly the way the proxy's
+//     request parser normalizes the ids it meters (bedrock ARN/region/
+//     version stripping, vertex "@version" stripping), so the per-record
+//     lookup key compares equal to llm.model at billing time.
+//   - The entry starts from the default entry for that model (when one
+//     exists) to inherit cache rates the operator didn't state.
+//   - Operator input/output overlay verbatim — including an explicit 0,
+//     which prices the model as free (self-hosted / internal endpoints)
+//     rather than silently reverting to list price.
+//   - Cache-rate pointers overlay only when non-nil: nil means "inherit
+//     the default", an explicit 0 means "no discount, bill this bucket
+//     at the input rate".
+func buildCostMeterConfigJSON(providers []*types.Provider, groupIndex map[string][]string) ([]byte, error) {
+	cfg := costMeterConfig{Pricing: &costMeterPricing{
+		Defaults: pricing.DefaultTable(),
+	}}
+
+	perRecord := make(map[string]map[string]pricing.Entry)
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		if _, hasPolicy := groupIndex[p.ID]; !hasPolicy {
+			// Orphan: unreachable via the router, so unpriceable.
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(p.Models) == 0 {
+			// Gateway-style "claim every model" provider: the defaults
+			// table is its price list.
+			continue
+		}
+		entry, _ := catalog.Lookup(p.ProviderID)
+		models := make(map[string]pricing.Entry, len(p.Models))
+		for _, m := range p.Models {
+			id := normalizePricingModelID(p.ProviderID, m.ID)
+			if id == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, dup := models[id]; dup {
+				// First occurrence wins on post-normalization duplicates,
+				// matching providerModelIDs' dedup order for routing.
+				continue
+			}
+			models[id] = materializeEntry(entry.PricingSurfaces, id, m)
+		}
+		if len(models) > 0 {
+			perRecord[p.ID] = models
+		}
+	}
+	if len(perRecord) > 0 {
+		cfg.Pricing.Providers = perRecord
+	}
+
+	out, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("marshal cost_meter middleware config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// normalizePricingModelID maps an operator-entered model id onto the
+// normalized id the proxy's request parser emits as llm.model — the key
+// the cost meter looks up at billing time.
+func normalizePricingModelID(catalogProviderID, modelID string) string {
+	switch {
+	case catalog.IsBedrockPathStyle(catalogProviderID):
+		return sharedllm.NormalizeBedrockModel(modelID)
+	case catalog.IsVertexPathStyle(catalogProviderID):
+		return sharedllm.NormalizeVertexModel(modelID)
+	default:
+		return modelID
+	}
+}
+
+// materializeEntry folds the default entry for (surfaces, model) — when
+// one exists — under the operator's stored prices, producing the fully
+// materialized wire entry.
+func materializeEntry(surfaces []string, normalizedID string, m types.ProviderModel) pricing.Entry {
+	e, _ := pricing.LookupDefault(surfaces, normalizedID) // zero Entry on miss
+	e.InputPer1k = m.InputPer1k
+	e.OutputPer1k = m.OutputPer1k
+	if m.CachedInputPer1k != nil {
+		e.CachedInputPer1k = *m.CachedInputPer1k
+	}
+	if m.CacheReadPer1k != nil {
+		e.CacheReadPer1k = *m.CacheReadPer1k
+	}
+	if m.CacheCreationPer1k != nil {
+		e.CacheCreationPer1k = *m.CacheCreationPer1k
+	}
+	return e
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_pricing_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_pricing_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e82f2ef05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_pricing_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+)
+
+func fptr(v float64) *float64 { return &v }
+
+func decodeCostMeterConfig(t *testing.T, raw []byte) costMeterConfig {
+	t.Helper()
+	var cfg costMeterConfig
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &cfg), "cost meter config must round-trip")
+	require.NotNil(t, cfg.Pricing, "pricing wrapper must be present")
+	return cfg
+}
+
+// TestBuildCostMeterConfig_BedrockModelNormalization: the operator may
+// paste region-prefixed, versioned, or ARN-wrapped Bedrock ids; the
+// per-record map must be keyed by the normalized id the request parser
+// emits as llm.model, or the lookup never hits at billing time.
+func TestBuildCostMeterConfig_BedrockModelNormalization(t *testing.T) {
+	bedrock := &types.Provider{
+		ID:         "prov-bedrock",
+		ProviderID: "bedrock_api",
+		Enabled:    true,
+		Models: []types.ProviderModel{
+			{ID: "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", InputPer1k: 0.0033, OutputPer1k: 0.0165},
+			// Post-normalization duplicate of the row above under a
+			// different regional spelling — first occurrence wins.
+			{ID: "us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0", InputPer1k: 9.9, OutputPer1k: 9.9},
+		},
+	}
+	raw, err := buildCostMeterConfigJSON([]*types.Provider{bedrock}, map[string][]string{"prov-bedrock": {"grp"}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cfg := decodeCostMeterConfig(t, raw)
+
+	models := cfg.Pricing.Providers["prov-bedrock"]
+	require.Len(t, models, 1, "both spellings normalize to one model; first row wins")
+	e, ok := models["anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"]
+	require.True(t, ok, "key must be the normalized id the parser emits, not the operator's raw spelling")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0033, e.InputPer1k, 1e-9, "first row's rate wins the dedup")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0003, e.CacheReadPer1k, 1e-9, "cache read inherited from the bedrock default entry")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.00375, e.CacheCreationPer1k, 1e-9, "cache creation inherited from the bedrock default entry")
+}
+
+// TestBuildCostMeterConfig_CacheRateNilVsZero pins the pointer semantics:
+// nil inherits the default cache rate, explicit 0 clears it (that bucket
+// bills at the input rate on the proxy).
+func TestBuildCostMeterConfig_CacheRateNilVsZero(t *testing.T) {
+	p := &types.Provider{
+		ID:         "prov-oai",
+		ProviderID: "openai_api",
+		Enabled:    true,
+		Models: []types.ProviderModel{
+			{ID: "gpt-4o", InputPer1k: 0.002, OutputPer1k: 0.008},                                    // nil → inherit 0.00125
+			{ID: "gpt-4o-mini", InputPer1k: 0.0001, OutputPer1k: 0.0005, CachedInputPer1k: fptr(0)},  // explicit 0 → no discount
+			{ID: "my-custom-ft", InputPer1k: 0.01, OutputPer1k: 0.02, CachedInputPer1k: fptr(0.005)}, // unknown model, explicit rate
+		},
+	}
+	raw, err := buildCostMeterConfigJSON([]*types.Provider{p}, map[string][]string{"prov-oai": {"grp"}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cfg := decodeCostMeterConfig(t, raw)
+	models := cfg.Pricing.Providers["prov-oai"]
+
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.00125, models["gpt-4o"].CachedInputPer1k, 1e-9, "nil cache pointer inherits the default rate")
+	assert.Zero(t, models["gpt-4o-mini"].CachedInputPer1k, "explicit 0 overrides the default (0.000075) — bucket bills at input rate")
+	custom := models["my-custom-ft"]
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.005, custom.CachedInputPer1k, 1e-9, "unknown model keeps the operator's explicit cache rate")
+	assert.Zero(t, custom.CacheReadPer1k, "no default to inherit for a model outside the catalog")
+}
+
+// TestBuildCostMeterConfig_OrphanAndGatewayProviders: an orphan (no
+// authorising policy) is unreachable so its prices must not ship; a
+// gateway with no model rows relies on the defaults table and gets no
+// per-record entry.
+func TestBuildCostMeterConfig_OrphanAndGatewayProviders(t *testing.T) {
+	orphan := &types.Provider{
+		ID:         "prov-orphan",
+		ProviderID: "openai_api",
+		Enabled:    true,
+		Models:     []types.ProviderModel{{ID: "gpt-4o", InputPer1k: 1, OutputPer1k: 1}},
+	}
+	gateway := &types.Provider{
+		ID:         "prov-litellm",
+		ProviderID: "litellm_proxy",
+		Enabled:    true,
+		Models:     []types.ProviderModel{},
+	}
+	raw, err := buildCostMeterConfigJSON(
+		[]*types.Provider{orphan, gateway},
+		map[string][]string{"prov-litellm": {"grp"}}, // orphan has no policy
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cfg := decodeCostMeterConfig(t, raw)
+
+	assert.NotContains(t, cfg.Pricing.Providers, "prov-orphan", "orphan provider prices must not ship")
+	assert.NotContains(t, cfg.Pricing.Providers, "prov-litellm", "empty-models gateway needs no per-record entry")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, cfg.Pricing.Defaults["openai"], "defaults still ship so the gateway's catalog-model traffic is priced")
+}
+
+// TestBuildCostMeterConfig_BedrockGeographyOutsideTheOriginalFour is the
+// accounting half of the geography bug. The docs tell operators to register a
+// Bedrock id exactly as AWS issues it, region prefix included, and the cost
+// meter keys its table by the normalized form. While the geography was matched
+// against a list of four, a profile issued anywhere else kept its prefix,
+// missed the catalog entry it was meant to inherit from, and billed with a
+// zero entry underneath the operator's own rates — so every cache bucket
+// metered free and a model priced only by catalog defaults metered at nothing
+// at all.
+func TestBuildCostMeterConfig_BedrockGeographyOutsideTheOriginalFour(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, geo := range []string{"jp", "au", "ca", "sa", "us-gov"} {
+		t.Run(geo, func(t *testing.T) {
+			bedrock := &types.Provider{
+				ID:         "prov-bedrock",
+				ProviderID: "bedrock_api",
+				Enabled:    true,
+				Models: []types.ProviderModel{
+					{ID: geo + ".anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-20260514-v1:0", InputPer1k: 0.003, OutputPer1k: 0.015},
+				},
+			}
+			raw, err := buildCostMeterConfigJSON([]*types.Provider{bedrock}, map[string][]string{"prov-bedrock": {"grp"}})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			cfg := decodeCostMeterConfig(t, raw)
+
+			e, ok := cfg.Pricing.Providers["prov-bedrock"]["anthropic.claude-sonnet-5"]
+			require.True(t, ok, "a %s profile must key by the same normalized id the parser emits", geo)
+			assert.InDelta(t, 0.0003, e.CacheReadPer1k, 1e-9,
+				"cache read must be inherited from the bedrock default entry, not left at zero")
+			assert.InDelta(t, 0.00375, e.CacheCreationPer1k, 1e-9,
+				"cache creation must be inherited from the bedrock default entry, not left at zero")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_provider_allowlist_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_provider_allowlist_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22833ec10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_provider_allowlist_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+)
+
+// policyForProviders builds an enabled policy authorising the given providers
+// under the given guardrails (both optional). Groups are irrelevant to
+// buildProviderAllowlists, which keys purely on destination provider.
+func policyForProviders(id string, guardrailIDs []string, providerIDs ...string) *types.Policy {
+	return &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     id,
+		Enabled:                true,
+		DestinationProviderIDs: providerIDs,
+		GuardrailIDs:           guardrailIDs,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildProviderAllowlists(t *testing.T) {
+	byID := map[string]*types.Guardrail{
+		"g-4o":       allowlistGuardrail("g-4o", "acc-1", "gpt-4o"),
+		"g-opus":     allowlistGuardrail("g-opus", "acc-1", "claude-opus-4"),
+		"g-disabled": {ID: "g-disabled", Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{ModelAllowlist: types.GuardrailModelAllowlist{Enabled: false, Models: []string{"gpt-4o"}}}},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("all authorising policies restrict yields per-provider union", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{
+			policyForProviders("p1", []string{"g-4o"}, "prov-x"),
+			policyForProviders("p2", []string{"g-opus"}, "prov-x"),
+		}
+		got := buildProviderAllowlists(policies, byID, nil)
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string][]string{"prov-x": {"claude-opus-4", "gpt-4o"}}, got,
+			"a provider every policy restricts carries the sorted union of their models")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("any un-guardrailed policy leaves the provider unrestricted (omitted)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{
+			policyForProviders("p1", []string{"g-4o"}, "prov-x"),
+			policyForProviders("p2", nil, "prov-x"), // no guardrail
+		}
+		got := buildProviderAllowlists(policies, byID, nil)
+		assert.NotContains(t, got, "prov-x",
+			"a provider reachable by an un-guardrailed policy must be omitted so the proxy treats it as unrestricted")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a disabled allowlist counts as unrestricted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{
+			policyForProviders("p1", []string{"g-disabled"}, "prov-x"),
+		}
+		got := buildProviderAllowlists(policies, byID, nil)
+		assert.NotContains(t, got, "prov-x",
+			"a policy whose only guardrail has a disabled allowlist is unrestricted")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("providers are isolated from one another", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{
+			policyForProviders("p1", []string{"g-4o"}, "prov-x"),
+			policyForProviders("p2", []string{"g-opus"}, "prov-y"),
+		}
+		got := buildProviderAllowlists(policies, byID, nil)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-4o"}, got["prov-x"], "prov-x keeps only its own model")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-opus-4"}, got["prov-y"], "prov-y keeps only its own model")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("one policy authorising two providers restricts both", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{
+			policyForProviders("p1", []string{"g-4o"}, "prov-x", "prov-y"),
+		}
+		got := buildProviderAllowlists(policies, byID, nil)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-4o"}, got["prov-x"])
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-4o"}, got["prov-y"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("union across a single policy's guardrails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{
+			policyForProviders("p1", []string{"g-4o", "g-opus"}, "prov-x"),
+		}
+		got := buildProviderAllowlists(policies, byID, nil)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"claude-opus-4", "gpt-4o"}, got["prov-x"],
+			"a policy's own multiple allowlist guardrails union together")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an enabled allowlist with no models denies everything", func(t *testing.T) {
+		empty := map[string]*types.Guardrail{"g-empty": allowlistGuardrail("g-empty", "acc-1")}
+		got := buildProviderAllowlists([]*types.Policy{
+			policyForProviders("p1", []string{"g-empty"}, "prov-x"),
+		}, empty, nil)
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string][]string{"prov-x": {}}, got,
+			"an enabled-but-empty allowlist is restricted with an empty set, not unrestricted")
+	})
+}
+
+// policyForGroups builds an enabled policy binding the given source groups to
+// the given providers under an optional guardrail.
+func policyForGroups(id string, groups []string, guardrailIDs []string, providerIDs ...string) *types.Policy {
+	return &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     id,
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           groups,
+		DestinationProviderIDs: providerIDs,
+		GuardrailIDs:           guardrailIDs,
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBuildModelPolicies covers the finer index discovery needs. Where
+// buildProviderAllowlists flattens every authorising policy into one list per
+// provider — enough for a fail-closed backstop, but blind to who is asking —
+// this keeps each policy's source groups beside its models so the router can
+// bound a listing to the calling groups.
+func TestBuildModelPolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	byID := map[string]*types.Guardrail{
+		"g-4o":       allowlistGuardrail("g-4o", "acc-1", "gpt-4o"),
+		"g-opus":     allowlistGuardrail("g-opus", "acc-1", "claude-opus-4"),
+		"g-disabled": {ID: "g-disabled", Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{ModelAllowlist: types.GuardrailModelAllowlist{Enabled: false, Models: []string{"gpt-4o"}}}},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("each policy keeps its own groups and models", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{
+			policyForGroups("p1", []string{"grp-eng"}, []string{"g-4o"}, "prov-x"),
+			policyForGroups("p2", []string{"grp-sales"}, []string{"g-opus"}, "prov-x"),
+		}
+		got := buildModelPolicies(policies, byID, nil)
+		assert.Equal(t, []routerModelPolicy{
+			{GroupIDs: []string{"grp-eng"}, Models: []string{"gpt-4o"}},
+			{GroupIDs: []string{"grp-sales"}, Models: []string{"claude-opus-4"}},
+		}, got["prov-x"],
+			"the two policies must stay separable so neither group is offered the other's models")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an unrestricted policy carries nil models", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{
+			policyForGroups("p1", []string{"grp-eng"}, []string{"g-4o"}, "prov-x"),
+			policyForGroups("p2", []string{"grp-admin"}, nil, "prov-x"),
+		}
+		got := buildModelPolicies(policies, byID, nil)
+		assert.Nil(t, got["prov-x"][1].Models,
+			"no allowlist must reach the router as nil, which lifts the restriction for its groups")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a disabled allowlist is not a restriction", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{policyForGroups("p1", []string{"grp-eng"}, []string{"g-disabled"}, "prov-x")}
+		got := buildModelPolicies(policies, byID, nil)
+		assert.Nil(t, got["prov-x"][0].Models,
+			"a guardrail with the allowlist check off restricts nothing")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an enabled allowlist with no models permits nothing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		byIDEmpty := map[string]*types.Guardrail{
+			"g-empty": {ID: "g-empty", Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{ModelAllowlist: types.GuardrailModelAllowlist{Enabled: true}}},
+		}
+		policies := []*types.Policy{policyForGroups("p1", []string{"grp-eng"}, []string{"g-empty"}, "prov-x")}
+		got := buildModelPolicies(policies, byIDEmpty, nil)
+		require.NotNil(t, got["prov-x"][0].Models,
+			"an empty allowlist must not arrive as nil — that would read as unrestricted")
+		assert.Empty(t, got["prov-x"][0].Models)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a policy binding no groups is skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		policies := []*types.Policy{policyForGroups("p1", nil, []string{"g-4o"}, "prov-x")}
+		assert.Empty(t, buildModelPolicies(policies, byID, nil),
+			"a policy with no source groups authorises nobody, so it bounds nobody's listing")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizedAllowlists_ExpandDeclaredIDsPerProvider proves the
+// synthesized allowlists carry the canonical form alongside a raw declared
+// entry — under the destination provider's own catalog id, never another's —
+// so the proxy-side compares (guardrail backstop, per-group router rules)
+// admit the allowlist however the operator wrote it, while a plain provider's
+// "-vN"- or "@"-suffixed entries stay verbatim and cannot widen.
+func TestSynthesizedAllowlists_ExpandDeclaredIDsPerProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	byID := map[string]*types.Guardrail{
+		"g-raw": allowlistGuardrail("g-raw", "acc-1",
+			"eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+			"claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929",
+			"gpt-4o"),
+	}
+	catalogByProvider := map[string]string{
+		"prov-bedrock": "bedrock_api",
+		"prov-vertex":  "vertex_ai_api",
+		"prov-plain":   "openai_api",
+	}
+	policies := []*types.Policy{
+		policyForGroups("p1", []string{"grp-eng"}, []string{"g-raw"},
+			"prov-bedrock", "prov-vertex", "prov-plain"),
+	}
+
+	t.Run("guardrail backstop expands under each provider's own normalizer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := buildProviderAllowlists(policies, byID, catalogByProvider)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{
+			"eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+			"anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+			"claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929",
+			"gpt-4o",
+		}, got["prov-bedrock"],
+			"the Bedrock destination strips geography/version, but must not apply Vertex's @-strip")
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{
+			"eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+			"claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929",
+			"claude-sonnet-4-5",
+			"gpt-4o",
+		}, got["prov-vertex"],
+			"the Vertex destination strips @version, but must not apply Bedrock's suffix strip")
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{
+			"eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+			"claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929",
+			"gpt-4o",
+		}, got["prov-plain"],
+			"a body-routed provider keeps every entry verbatim — no alternate can widen it")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("router model rules expand the same way", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := buildModelPolicies(policies, byID, catalogByProvider)
+		require.Len(t, got["prov-bedrock"], 1)
+		assert.Contains(t, got["prov-bedrock"][0].Models, "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")
+		assert.NotContains(t, got["prov-bedrock"][0].Models, "claude-sonnet-4-5")
+		require.Len(t, got["prov-vertex"], 1)
+		assert.Contains(t, got["prov-vertex"][0].Models, "claude-sonnet-4-5")
+		assert.NotContains(t, got["prov-vertex"][0].Models, "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")
+		require.Len(t, got["prov-plain"], 1)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{
+			"eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
+			"claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929",
+			"gpt-4o",
+		}, got["prov-plain"][0].Models)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33351fd7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	nbtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// decodeServiceRouterConfig finds the llm_router middleware on the synthesised
+// service's single target and decodes its config — the model→provider routing
+// table the proxy authorises against.
+func decodeServiceRouterConfig(t *testing.T, svc *rpservice.Service) routerConfig {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NotEmpty(t, svc.Targets, "synth service must carry a target")
+	for _, mw := range svc.Targets[0].Options.Middlewares {
+		if mw.ID == middlewareIDLLMRouter {
+			var cfg routerConfig
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(mw.ConfigJSON, &cfg), "router config must decode")
+			return cfg
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatal("llm_router middleware not present on synthesised service")
+	return routerConfig{}
+}
+
+// decodeMappingRouterConfig is the proto-wire equivalent: it pulls the
+// llm_router config off the ProxyMapping the proxy actually receives.
+func decodeMappingRouterConfig(t *testing.T, m *proto.ProxyMapping) routerConfig {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NotEmpty(t, m.GetPath(), "mapping must carry a path")
+	for _, mw := range m.GetPath()[0].GetOptions().GetMiddlewares() {
+		if mw.GetId() == middlewareIDLLMRouter {
+			var cfg routerConfig
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(mw.GetConfigJson(), &cfg), "wire router config must decode")
+			return cfg
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatal("llm_router middleware not present on proxy mapping")
+	return routerConfig{}
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_SurvivesStatusToggle drives synthesis through
+// a REAL sqlite store (Save → gorm/JSON serialize → reload → decrypt) instead of
+// a MockStore, so it exercises the field round-trip that a provider/policy edit
+// actually hits. Mock-based tests can't catch a field that dies in persistence;
+// this one can. It then performs the exact operation that reproduced the live
+// 403 — disable then re-enable the provider — and asserts the re-enabled state
+// is fully routable again.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RealStore_SurvivesStatusToggle(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	assertRoutable := func(t *testing.T, stage string) {
+		services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+		require.NoError(t, err, stage)
+		require.Len(t, services, 1, "%s: exactly one synth service expected", stage)
+		svc := services[0]
+
+		assert.True(t, svc.Private, "%s: synth service must be Private after store round-trip", stage)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng"}, svc.AccessGroups, "%s: AccessGroups must survive the round-trip", stage)
+
+		m := svc.ToProtoMapping(rpservice.Update, "", rpproxy.OIDCValidationConfig{})
+		assert.True(t, m.GetPrivate(), "%s: proto mapping Private must be true (proxy gates tunnel-peer auth on it)", stage)
+
+		cfg := decodeServiceRouterConfig(t, svc)
+		require.Len(t, cfg.Providers, 1, "%s: the enabled+linked provider must appear in the router config", stage)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-5.4"}, cfg.Providers[0].Models, "%s: provider models must reach the route", stage)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng"}, cfg.Providers[0].AllowedGroupIDs, "%s: policy source groups must reach the route", stage)
+	}
+
+	assertRoutable(t, "initial")
+
+	provider.Enabled = false
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	disabled, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, s, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "synthesis must not error with a disabled provider")
+	for _, svc := range disabled {
+		assert.Empty(t, decodeServiceRouterConfig(t, svc).Providers,
+			"a disabled provider must not appear in the router config (otherwise it would route while off)")
+	}
+
+	provider.Enabled = true
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	assertRoutable(t, "after disable->enable")
+}
+
+// captureController is a proxy.Controller that records the mappings reconcile
+// pushes, so the test can inspect the exact wire payload — Private flag and
+// router config included.
+type captureController struct {
+	rpproxy.Controller
+	pushed []*proto.ProxyMapping
+}
+
+func (c *captureController) GetOIDCValidationConfig() rpproxy.OIDCValidationConfig {
+	return rpproxy.OIDCValidationConfig{}
+}
+
+func (c *captureController) SendServiceUpdateToCluster(_ context.Context, _ string, update *proto.ProxyMapping, _ string) {
+	c.pushed = append(c.pushed, update)
+}
+
+// noopAccountManager satisfies the reconcile path's accountManager dependency.
+type noopAccountManager struct {
+	account.Manager
+}
+
+func (noopAccountManager) UpdateAccountPeers(context.Context, string, nbtypes.UpdateReason) {}
+
+// TestReconcile_RealStore_PushesPrivateAfterStatusToggle reproduces the live
+// path end-to-end below the gRPC boundary: a real store + the real
+// managerImpl.reconcile + a capturing proxy controller. It runs the operation
+// that broke in production — provider disable then re-enable — and asserts the
+// mapping reconcile pushes to the cluster after re-enable is Private=true and
+// carries the routable provider. If reconcile ever pushes private=false (the
+// symptom that left UserGroups empty → no_authorised_provider), this fails.
+func TestReconcile_RealStore_PushesPrivateAfterStatusToggle(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, newSynthTestSettings()))
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")))
+
+	ctrl := &captureController{}
+	m := &managerImpl{
+		store:           s,
+		accountManager:  noopAccountManager{},
+		proxyController: ctrl,
+		reconcileCache:  make(map[string]map[string]syntheticMapping),
+	}
+
+	m.reconcile(ctx, testAccountID) // initial, provider enabled
+
+	provider.Enabled = false
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	m.reconcile(ctx, testAccountID) // disabled
+
+	provider.Enabled = true
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider))
+	m.reconcile(ctx, testAccountID) // re-enabled — the reproduction step
+
+	require.NotEmpty(t, ctrl.pushed, "reconcile must push at least one mapping")
+	last := ctrl.pushed[len(ctrl.pushed)-1]
+
+	assert.Equal(t, newSynthTestSettings().Endpoint(), last.GetDomain(), "synth domain on the wire")
+	assert.True(t, last.GetPrivate(),
+		"reconcile-pushed mapping after re-enable MUST be Private=true; a false here is the exact bug — the proxy skips ValidateTunnelPeer, UserGroups stays empty, and llm_router denies no_authorised_provider")
+
+	cfg := decodeMappingRouterConfig(t, last)
+	require.Len(t, cfg.Providers, 1, "re-enabled provider must be back in the pushed router config")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-5.4"}, cfg.Providers[0].Models, "model must be routable again after re-enable")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng"}, cfg.Providers[0].AllowedGroupIDs, "authorised groups must be present after re-enable")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6aeafadbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/synthesizer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1351 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/catalog"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+const (
+	testAccountID = "acct-1"
+	testCluster   = "eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+	testEndpoint  = "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+)
+
+func newSynthTestSettings() *types.Settings {
+	return &types.Settings{
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		Domain:       testEndpoint,
+		ProxyAddress: testCluster,
+	}
+}
+
+func newSynthTestProvider() *types.Provider {
+	return &types.Provider{
+		ID:          "prov-1",
+		AccountID:   testAccountID,
+		ProviderID:  "openai_api",
+		Name:        "OpenAI",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://api.openai.com",
+		APIKey:      "sk-test-key",
+		Enabled:     true,
+		// Prices deliberately differ from the catalog's gpt-5.4 rates
+		// (0.0025/0.015) so pricing tests can prove the operator's
+		// stored price overlays the catalog default.
+		Models:            []types.ProviderModel{{ID: "gpt-5.4", InputPer1k: 0.004, OutputPer1k: 0.02}},
+		SessionPrivateKey: "test-priv-key",
+		SessionPublicKey:  "test-pub-key",
+		CreatedAt:         time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+}
+
+func newSynthTestPolicy(providerID, sourceGroupID, guardrailID string) *types.Policy {
+	policy := &types.Policy{
+		ID:                     "pol-1",
+		AccountID:              testAccountID,
+		Name:                   "engineers",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{sourceGroupID},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{providerID},
+	}
+	if guardrailID != "" {
+		policy.GuardrailIDs = []string{guardrailID}
+	}
+	return policy
+}
+
+// expectSynthBaseInputs wires the four reads the new synthesiser issues
+// in the happy path: settings, providers, policies, guardrails.
+func expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore *store.MockStore, ctx context.Context, settings *types.Settings, providers []*types.Provider, policies []*types.Policy, guardrails []*types.Guardrail) {
+	if settings == nil {
+		mockStore.EXPECT().
+			GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID).
+			Return(nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "agent network settings not found"))
+		return
+	}
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID).
+		Return(settings, nil)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID).
+		Return(providers, nil)
+	if hasEnabled(providers) {
+		mockStore.EXPECT().
+			GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID).
+			Return(policies, nil)
+		if hasEnabledPolicy(policies) {
+			mockStore.EXPECT().
+				GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID).
+				Return(guardrails, nil)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func hasEnabled(providers []*types.Provider) bool {
+	for _, p := range providers {
+		if p != nil && p.Enabled {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func hasEnabledPolicy(policies []*types.Policy) bool {
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p != nil && p.Enabled {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	openai := newSynthTestProvider()
+	anthropic := &types.Provider{
+		ID:                "prov-2",
+		AccountID:         testAccountID,
+		ProviderID:        "anthropic_api",
+		Name:              "Anthropic",
+		UpstreamURL:       "https://api.anthropic.com",
+		APIKey:            "sk-ant-secret",
+		Enabled:           true,
+		Models:            []types.ProviderModel{{ID: "claude-opus-4-7"}},
+		SessionPrivateKey: "ant-priv",
+		SessionPublicKey:  "ant-pub",
+		CreatedAt:         time.Date(2026, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	}
+
+	policyEng := newSynthTestPolicy(openai.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policyEng.ID = "pol-eng"
+	policyOps := newSynthTestPolicy(anthropic.ID, "grp-ops", "")
+	policyOps.ID = "pol-ops"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{openai, anthropic},
+		[]*types.Policy{policyEng, policyOps},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "synthesis must succeed")
+	require.Len(t, services, 1, "exactly one service per account")
+
+	svc := services[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "agent-net-svc-acct-1", svc.ID, "service id is account-scoped")
+	assert.Equal(t, testAccountID, svc.AccountID, "service inherits account ID")
+	assert.Equal(t, testEndpoint, svc.Domain, "domain is settings.Endpoint() (subdomain.cluster)")
+	assert.Equal(t, testCluster, svc.ProxyCluster, "proxy cluster comes from settings")
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.ModeHTTP, svc.Mode, "synthesised services are HTTP mode")
+	assert.True(t, svc.Private, "synthesised services are always private")
+	assert.True(t, svc.Enabled, "synthesised services are enabled when emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng", "grp-ops"}, svc.AccessGroups,
+		"access groups union both policies' source groups (tunnel-peer auth)")
+
+	require.Len(t, svc.Targets, 1, "single cluster target")
+	target := svc.Targets[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.TargetTypeCluster, target.TargetType, "target type is cluster")
+	assert.Equal(t, testCluster, target.TargetId, "target id is the cluster address")
+	assert.Equal(t, "noop.invalid", target.Host, "host is the placeholder; router rewrites at request time")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(443), target.Port, "placeholder port")
+	assert.Equal(t, "https", target.Protocol, "placeholder scheme")
+	assert.True(t, target.Options.DirectUpstream, "synth targets imply direct upstream")
+	assert.True(t, target.Options.AgentNetwork, "synth targets must be flagged as agent_network")
+
+	mws := target.Options.Middlewares
+	require.Len(t, mws, 8, "eight middlewares: request_parser, router, limit_check, identity_inject, guardrail, limit_record, cost_meter, response_parser")
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMRequestParser, mws[0].ID, "first middleware is the request parser")
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest, mws[0].Slot, "request parser runs on_request")
+	// Request parser carries the capture_prompt gate sourced from
+	// settings.EnablePromptCollection. The synth-test settings default
+	// EnablePromptCollection=false, so capture is off and the access-log row
+	// will not carry prompt content.
+	assert.JSONEq(t, `{"capture_prompt":false}`, string(mws[0].ConfigJSON), "request parser config must carry capture_prompt from synth")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMRouter, mws[1].ID, "second middleware is the router")
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest, mws[1].Slot, "router runs on_request")
+	assert.True(t, mws[1].CanMutate, "router must carry CanMutate=true; without it the framework drops the auth-header strip/inject AND the upstream rewrite, leaving the proxy to dial the placeholder noop.invalid")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, mws[1].ConfigJSON, "router config JSON must be populated")
+
+	var routerCfg routerConfig
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(mws[1].ConfigJSON, &routerCfg), "router config must unmarshal")
+	require.Len(t, routerCfg.Providers, 2, "both providers must reach the router")
+	assert.Equal(t, openai.ID, routerCfg.Providers[0].ID, "openai is first by created_at")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Bearer sk-test-key", routerCfg.Providers[0].AuthHeaderValue, "openai auth header value substitutes the API key")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Authorization", routerCfg.Providers[0].AuthHeaderName, "openai uses Authorization header")
+	assert.Equal(t, "https", routerCfg.Providers[0].UpstreamScheme, "openai scheme")
+	assert.Equal(t, "api.openai.com", routerCfg.Providers[0].UpstreamHost, "openai host")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng"}, routerCfg.Providers[0].AllowedGroupIDs, "openai inherits policyEng's source groups")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-5.4"}, routerCfg.Providers[0].Models,
+		"the provider's configured model IDs must reach the router route — otherwise the model never matches and llm_router denies model_not_routable")
+	assert.Equal(t, anthropic.ID, routerCfg.Providers[1].ID, "anthropic follows openai by created_at")
+	assert.Equal(t, "sk-ant-secret", routerCfg.Providers[1].AuthHeaderValue, "anthropic value is the raw API key")
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-api-key", routerCfg.Providers[1].AuthHeaderName, "anthropic uses x-api-key header")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-ops"}, routerCfg.Providers[1].AllowedGroupIDs, "anthropic inherits policyOps' source groups")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-opus-4-7"}, routerCfg.Providers[1].Models, "anthropic's configured model ID must reach its route")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMLimitCheck, mws[2].ID,
+		"limit_check sits between router and identity_inject so deny paths skip header-stamp work")
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest, mws[2].Slot, "limit_check runs on_request")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject, mws[3].ID, "fourth middleware is identity inject")
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest, mws[3].Slot, "identity inject runs on_request")
+	assert.True(t, mws[3].CanMutate, "identity inject must carry CanMutate=true so its HeadersAdd / HeadersRemove pass the framework's mutation gate")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, mws[3].ConfigJSON, "identity inject config JSON must be populated even when no provider needs injection")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMGuardrail, mws[4].ID, "fifth middleware is the guardrail")
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest, mws[4].Slot, "guardrail runs on_request")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, mws[4].ConfigJSON, "guardrail config JSON must be populated")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMLimitRecord, mws[5].ID,
+		"limit_record sits FIRST in the response section so it RUNS LAST at runtime — needs cost_meter + response_parser to have stamped tokens / cost first")
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnResponse, mws[5].Slot, "limit_record runs on_response")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDCostMeter, mws[6].ID, "seventh middleware is the cost meter")
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnResponse, mws[6].Slot, "cost meter runs on_response")
+
+	var costCfg costMeterConfig
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(mws[6].ConfigJSON, &costCfg), "cost meter config must unmarshal")
+	require.NotNil(t, costCfg.Pricing, "cost meter config must carry the pricing table — its absence tells the proxy management predates config-delivered pricing")
+
+	gpt4o, ok := costCfg.Pricing.Defaults["openai"]["gpt-4o"]
+	require.True(t, ok, "the full default table ships regardless of the account's providers")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0025, gpt4o.InputPer1k, 1e-9, "default gpt-4o input rate comes from the catalog")
+
+	openaiPrices, ok := costCfg.Pricing.Providers[openai.ID]
+	require.True(t, ok, "operator-priced provider must have a per-record entry")
+	gpt54, ok := openaiPrices["gpt-5.4"]
+	require.True(t, ok, "operator's model row keys the per-record map")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.004, gpt54.InputPer1k, 1e-9, "operator input price overlays the catalog default (0.0025)")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.02, gpt54.OutputPer1k, 1e-9, "operator output price overlays the catalog default (0.015)")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.00025, gpt54.CachedInputPer1k, 1e-9, "cache rate the operator didn't state is inherited from the default entry")
+
+	opus, ok := costCfg.Pricing.Providers[anthropic.ID]["claude-opus-4-7"]
+	require.True(t, ok, "anthropic's model row keys its per-record map")
+	assert.Zero(t, opus.InputPer1k, "operator-stored zero prices ship verbatim — an explicit $0 model bills as free, it does not revert to list price")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0005, opus.CacheReadPer1k, 1e-9, "cache rates still inherit from the default entry")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMResponseParser, mws[7].ID, "eighth middleware is the response parser")
+	assert.Equal(t, rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnResponse, mws[7].Slot, "response parser runs on_response")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_NoSettings_ReturnsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, services, "missing settings row must yield no synth")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_NoProviders_ReturnsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(), []*types.Provider{}, nil, nil)
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, services, "settings present but no providers must yield no synth")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_DisabledProvider_NoService(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.Enabled = false
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider}, nil, nil)
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, services, "disabled provider must not synthesise a service")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_DisabledPolicy_NoService(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.Enabled = false
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider}, []*types.Policy{policy}, nil)
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, services, "disabled policy must not trigger synthesis")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_RouterConfigOrdering(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	first := newSynthTestProvider()
+	first.ID = "prov-first"
+	first.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	second := newSynthTestProvider()
+	second.ID = "prov-second"
+	second.ProviderID = "anthropic_api"
+	second.UpstreamURL = "https://api.anthropic.com"
+	second.APIKey = "sk-ant"
+	second.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	third := newSynthTestProvider()
+	third.ID = "prov-third"
+	third.ProviderID = "mistral_api"
+	third.UpstreamURL = "https://api.mistral.ai"
+	third.APIKey = "sk-mistral"
+	third.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(first.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.DestinationProviderIDs = []string{first.ID, second.ID, third.ID}
+
+	// Pass providers in shuffled order to confirm the synth sorts them.
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{second, first, third},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy}, []*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var routerCfg routerConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMRouter {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &routerCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, routerCfg.Providers, 3, "all three providers must be in the router config")
+	assert.Equal(t, first.ID, routerCfg.Providers[0].ID, "providers ordered by created_at; first is earliest")
+	assert.Equal(t, third.ID, routerCfg.Providers[1].ID, "second is mid")
+	assert.Equal(t, second.ID, routerCfg.Providers[2].ID, "third is latest")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_PolicyCheckConfig_UnionsSourceGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+
+	policyA := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policyA.ID = "pol-a"
+	policyA.SourceGroups = []string{"grp-eng", "grp-shared"}
+	policyB := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-ops", "")
+	policyB.ID = "pol-b"
+	policyB.SourceGroups = []string{"grp-ops", "grp-shared"}
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		[]*types.Policy{policyA, policyB},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var routerCfg routerConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMRouter {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &routerCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, routerCfg.Providers, 1, "single provider authorised by both policies")
+	assert.Equal(t, provider.ID, routerCfg.Providers[0].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng", "grp-ops", "grp-shared"}, routerCfg.Providers[0].AllowedGroupIDs,
+		"source groups must be unioned and sorted; the duplicate grp-shared collapses")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_OrphanProvider_HasEmptyAllowedGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	authorised := newSynthTestProvider()
+	authorised.ID = "prov-authed"
+
+	orphan := newSynthTestProvider()
+	orphan.ID = "prov-orphan"
+	orphan.ProviderID = "anthropic_api"
+	orphan.UpstreamURL = "https://api.anthropic.com"
+	orphan.APIKey = "sk-ant"
+	orphan.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	// Policy authorises the first provider only.
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(authorised.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{authorised, orphan},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var routerCfg routerConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMRouter {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &routerCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Orphan providers are dropped from the router config entirely.
+	// The router treats an empty AllowedGroupIDs as a catch-all (right
+	// default for non-agent-network targets, wrong default here), so
+	// we don't ship them at all. Peers attempting to call models only
+	// the orphan claims see model_not_routable; peers calling models
+	// shared with the authorised provider get routed there.
+	require.Len(t, routerCfg.Providers, 1, "only the authorised provider reaches the router")
+	assert.Equal(t, authorised.ID, routerCfg.Providers[0].ID,
+		"authorised provider must be in router config")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng"}, routerCfg.Providers[0].AllowedGroupIDs,
+		"authorised provider inherits the policy's source groups")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_LiteLLM pins that a LiteLLM
+// provider lands in the identity-inject middleware's config with the
+// catalog-defined LiteLLM headers, while a non-LiteLLM provider does
+// not. Together they prove the middleware is a no-op for accounts that
+// don't use LiteLLM and stamps identity for those that do.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_LiteLLM(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	openai := newSynthTestProvider()
+	openai.ID = "prov-openai"
+
+	litellm := newSynthTestProvider()
+	litellm.ID = "prov-litellm"
+	litellm.ProviderID = "litellm_proxy"
+	litellm.UpstreamURL = "https://litellm.acme.example.com"
+	litellm.APIKey = "sk-llm-master"
+	litellm.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policyOpenAI := newSynthTestPolicy(openai.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policyOpenAI.ID = "pol-openai"
+	policyLiteLLM := newSynthTestPolicy(litellm.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policyLiteLLM.ID = "pol-litellm"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{openai, litellm},
+		[]*types.Policy{policyOpenAI, policyLiteLLM},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, injectCfg.Providers, 1,
+		"only providers whose catalog entry declares IdentityInjection should appear in the inject config")
+	entry := injectCfg.Providers[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, litellm.ID, entry.ProviderID,
+		"the LiteLLM provider must be the one identity-stamped, not the OpenAI direct provider")
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.HeaderPair, "LiteLLM uses the HeaderPair shape")
+	assert.Nil(t, entry.JSONMetadata, "shapes are mutually exclusive — JSONMetadata must be nil for HeaderPair providers")
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-litellm-end-user-id", entry.HeaderPair.EndUserIDHeader,
+		"end-user-id header must come from the catalog entry's IdentityInjection block")
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-litellm-tags", entry.HeaderPair.TagsHeader)
+}
+
+func TestBuildIdentityInjectConfigJSON_Agentgateway(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &types.Provider{
+		ID:         "prov-agentgateway",
+		ProviderID: "agentgateway",
+	}
+
+	raw, err := buildIdentityInjectConfigJSON(
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		map[string][]string{provider.ID: []string{"grp-eng"}},
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var cfg identityInjectConfig
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &cfg))
+	require.Len(t, cfg.Providers, 1)
+
+	rule := cfg.Providers[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, provider.ID, rule.ProviderID)
+	require.NotNil(t, rule.HeaderPair)
+	assert.Nil(t, rule.JSONMetadata)
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-netbird-user-id", rule.HeaderPair.EndUserIDHeader)
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-netbird-groups", rule.HeaderPair.TagsHeader)
+	assert.False(t, rule.HeaderPair.EndUserIDInBody)
+	assert.False(t, rule.HeaderPair.TagsInBody)
+}
+
+func TestBuildRouterConfigJSON_AgentgatewayVendors(t *testing.T) {
+	provider := &types.Provider{
+		ID:          "prov-agentgateway",
+		ProviderID:  "agentgateway",
+		UpstreamURL: "https://gateway.example.com",
+		APIKey:      "virtual-key",
+	}
+
+	raw, err := buildRouterConfigJSON(
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		map[string][]string{provider.ID: {"grp-eng"}},
+		nil,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var cfg routerConfig
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &cfg))
+	require.Len(t, cfg.Providers, 1)
+	assert.Empty(t, cfg.Providers[0].Vendor,
+		"the singular vendor remains empty for a multi-surface gateway")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"openai", "anthropic"}, cfg.Providers[0].Vendors)
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Bifrost_OperatorOverrides
+// covers the customizable HeaderPair contract. The Bifrost catalog
+// entry sets HeaderPair.Customizable=true with x-bf-dim-* defaults
+// (placeholders surfaced by the dashboard, NOT authoritative at
+// synth time). The wire header names that actually land on the
+// inject middleware config come from the provider record's
+// IdentityHeaderUserID / IdentityHeaderGroups fields verbatim. This
+// lets operators pick between Bifrost's two attribution paths
+// (always-on x-bf-lh-* logs metadata vs. label-declared x-bf-dim-*
+// telemetry) per provider record without code changes.
+//
+// Three sub-cases under one fixture: full override, partial
+// override (user kept, groups disabled), and ParserID empty so the
+// proxy falls back to URL sniffing.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Bifrost_OperatorOverrides(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	bifrost := newSynthTestProvider()
+	bifrost.ID = "prov-bifrost"
+	bifrost.ProviderID = "bifrost"
+	bifrost.UpstreamURL = "https://bifrost.acme.example.com/openai/v1"
+	bifrost.APIKey = "sk-bf-key"
+	bifrost.IdentityHeaderUserID = "x-bf-lh-netbird_user_id"
+	bifrost.IdentityHeaderGroups = "x-bf-lh-netbird_groups"
+	bifrost.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(bifrost.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-bifrost"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{bifrost},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, injectCfg.Providers, 1,
+		"single bifrost catalog entry → one inject config target — operator's URL path picks the parser, not the catalog id")
+
+	entry := injectCfg.Providers[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, bifrost.ID, entry.ProviderID)
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.HeaderPair, "Bifrost uses HeaderPair shape")
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-bf-lh-netbird_user_id", entry.HeaderPair.EndUserIDHeader,
+		"operator-set IdentityHeaderUserID overrides the catalog's x-bf-dim- placeholder — proves the Customizable flag actually swaps the source of truth")
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-bf-lh-netbird_groups", entry.HeaderPair.TagsHeader,
+		"operator-set IdentityHeaderGroups overrides the catalog's x-bf-dim- placeholder")
+	assert.False(t, entry.HeaderPair.TagsInBody,
+		"body-inject flags stay catalog-owned — Bifrost reads identity from headers, body inject would be a no-op")
+	assert.False(t, entry.HeaderPair.EndUserIDInBody)
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Bifrost_PartialDisable proves
+// that clearing one of the IdentityHeader* fields disables stamping
+// for THAT dimension only, leaving the other dimension active.
+// Critical because the customizable contract says "empty = disabled
+// for that dimension"; if the synth path silently fell back to the
+// catalog default for an empty operator value, operators couldn't
+// turn off groups while keeping user id (or vice versa).
+func TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Bifrost_PartialDisable(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	bifrost := newSynthTestProvider()
+	bifrost.ID = "prov-bifrost"
+	bifrost.ProviderID = "bifrost"
+	bifrost.UpstreamURL = "https://bifrost.acme.example.com/openai/v1"
+	bifrost.APIKey = "sk-bf-key"
+	bifrost.IdentityHeaderUserID = "x-bf-lh-netbird_user_id"
+	bifrost.IdentityHeaderGroups = "" // operator explicitly disabled groups
+	bifrost.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(bifrost.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-bifrost"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{bifrost},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, injectCfg.Providers, 1)
+	entry := injectCfg.Providers[0]
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.HeaderPair, "user-id header is still set so the rule fires")
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-bf-lh-netbird_user_id", entry.HeaderPair.EndUserIDHeader)
+	assert.Empty(t, entry.HeaderPair.TagsHeader,
+		"groups header must be empty — operator cleared it; the inject middleware no-ops on empty header names so groups are NOT stamped")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Cloudflare_OperatorOverrides
+// covers the JSONMetadata customizable contract: Cloudflare's
+// catalog entry sets JSONMetadata.Customizable=true with
+// netbird_user_id / netbird_groups defaults that the dashboard
+// surfaces as placeholders. The actual JSON keys that land inside
+// the cf-aig-metadata header come from the provider record's
+// IdentityHeaderUserID / IdentityHeaderGroups fields. Reuses the
+// same fields HeaderPair customizable does — the dimensions
+// (user identity, groups) match; only the wire encoding (JSON key
+// vs HTTP header name) differs.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Cloudflare_OperatorOverrides(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	cf := newSynthTestProvider()
+	cf.ID = "prov-cf"
+	cf.ProviderID = "cloudflare_ai_gateway"
+	cf.UpstreamURL = "https://gateway.ai.cloudflare.com/v1/acct-xyz/my-gateway/openai"
+	cf.APIKey = "cf-aig-token"
+	cf.IdentityHeaderUserID = "team_member"
+	cf.IdentityHeaderGroups = "team_groups"
+	cf.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(cf.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-cf"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{cf},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, injectCfg.Providers, 1)
+	entry := injectCfg.Providers[0]
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.JSONMetadata, "Cloudflare uses JSONMetadata shape — single header carrying a JSON object")
+	assert.Nil(t, entry.HeaderPair, "shapes are mutually exclusive")
+	assert.Equal(t, "cf-aig-metadata", entry.JSONMetadata.Header,
+		"the wire header is catalog-owned (cf-aig-metadata) — operator can rename the JSON keys but not the header itself")
+	assert.Equal(t, "team_member", entry.JSONMetadata.UserKey,
+		"operator-set IdentityHeaderUserID overrides the catalog's netbird_user_id default — proves the JSONMetadata Customizable flag swaps the source of truth like HeaderPair already does")
+	assert.Equal(t, "team_groups", entry.JSONMetadata.GroupsKey,
+		"operator-set IdentityHeaderGroups overrides the catalog's netbird_groups default")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Portkey_NotCustomizable
+// is the JSONMetadata negative case: Portkey's catalog entry leaves
+// Customizable=false because Portkey's analytics dashboard reserves
+// "_user" and "groups" as fixed JSON keys. An operator-set
+// IdentityHeader* on a Portkey provider record must NOT override
+// those keys, or Portkey's per-user filters silently break.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Portkey_NotCustomizable(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	portkey := newSynthTestProvider()
+	portkey.ID = "prov-portkey"
+	portkey.ProviderID = "portkey"
+	portkey.UpstreamURL = "https://api.portkey.ai/v1"
+	portkey.APIKey = "portkey-account-key"
+	// Operator set these — but portkey's catalog entry has
+	// JSONMetadata.Customizable=false, so synth must IGNORE them
+	// and stick with the catalog's _user / groups defaults.
+	portkey.IdentityHeaderUserID = "should-be-ignored"
+	portkey.IdentityHeaderGroups = "should-be-ignored-too"
+	portkey.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(portkey.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-portkey"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{portkey},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, injectCfg.Providers, 1)
+	entry := injectCfg.Providers[0]
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.JSONMetadata)
+	assert.Equal(t, "_user", entry.JSONMetadata.UserKey,
+		"Portkey's reserved JSON key must hold — Customizable=false on the catalog blocks the operator's override fields")
+	assert.Equal(t, "groups", entry.JSONMetadata.GroupsKey,
+		"same fixed-schema guarantee for the groups dimension")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Bedrock pins Bedrock's cost-allocation
+// metadata: a JSONMetadata shape emitting X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata with
+// the reserved user/group keys, sanitized to Bedrock's accepted charset.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Bedrock(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	br := newSynthTestProvider()
+	br.ID = "prov-bedrock"
+	br.ProviderID = "bedrock_api"
+	br.UpstreamURL = "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
+	br.APIKey = "bedrock-bearer"
+	br.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(br.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-bedrock"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{br},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, injectCfg.Providers, 1)
+	entry := injectCfg.Providers[0]
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.JSONMetadata, "Bedrock uses the JSONMetadata shape for cost-allocation metadata")
+	assert.Nil(t, entry.HeaderPair, "shapes are mutually exclusive")
+	assert.Equal(t, "X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata", entry.JSONMetadata.Header,
+		"the caller identity lands in Bedrock's cost-allocation metadata header")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user", entry.JSONMetadata.UserKey)
+	assert.Equal(t, "group", entry.JSONMetadata.GroupsKey)
+	assert.True(t, entry.JSONMetadata.Sanitize,
+		"Bedrock restricts the metadata value charset, so values must be sanitized")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_MetadataDisabled_SuppressesInjection verifies the
+// per-provider opt-out: a provider with MetadataDisabled set emits no
+// identity-inject entry (Bedrock has no catalog ExtraHeaders, so the whole
+// entry is dropped).
+func TestSynthesizeServices_MetadataDisabled_SuppressesInjection(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	br := newSynthTestProvider()
+	br.ID = "prov-bedrock"
+	br.ProviderID = "bedrock_api"
+	br.UpstreamURL = "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
+	br.APIKey = "bedrock-bearer"
+	br.MetadataDisabled = true
+	br.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(br.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-bedrock"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{br},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Empty(t, injectCfg.Providers,
+		"metadata_disabled must drop the provider's identity-inject entry")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Vercel pins Vercel AI
+// Gateway's wiring: HeaderPair shape with fixed wire names dictated
+// by Vercel's Custom Reporting API (ai-reporting-user /
+// ai-reporting-tags). Customizable=false on the catalog entry, so
+// the synth path takes the catalog values verbatim and ignores any
+// IdentityHeader* fields the operator might have set. Renaming
+// these headers would just silently disable attribution — Vercel's
+// reporting endpoint only matches the canonical names — so the
+// fixed contract is the right semantic.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_Vercel(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	vercel := newSynthTestProvider()
+	vercel.ID = "prov-vercel"
+	vercel.ProviderID = "vercel_ai_gateway"
+	vercel.UpstreamURL = "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v1"
+	vercel.APIKey = "vrc-team-key"
+	// Operator set these — they MUST be ignored because Vercel's
+	// catalog entry is non-customizable. Renaming the headers on
+	// the wire would defeat Vercel's reporting endpoint.
+	vercel.IdentityHeaderUserID = "should-be-ignored"
+	vercel.IdentityHeaderGroups = "should-be-ignored-too"
+	vercel.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(vercel.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-vercel"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{vercel},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, injectCfg.Providers, 1)
+	entry := injectCfg.Providers[0]
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.HeaderPair, "Vercel uses HeaderPair shape — separate ai-reporting-user / ai-reporting-tags headers, not a JSON blob")
+	assert.Nil(t, entry.JSONMetadata, "shapes are mutually exclusive")
+	assert.Equal(t, "ai-reporting-user", entry.HeaderPair.EndUserIDHeader,
+		"end-user-id header must be Vercel's canonical ai-reporting-user — renaming would silently disable attribution at Vercel's Custom Reporting endpoint")
+	assert.Equal(t, "ai-reporting-tags", entry.HeaderPair.TagsHeader,
+		"tags header must be Vercel's canonical ai-reporting-tags for the same reason")
+	assert.False(t, entry.HeaderPair.TagsInBody,
+		"Vercel reads from headers — body inject would be a LiteLLM-specific belt-and-suspenders unneeded here")
+	assert.False(t, entry.HeaderPair.EndUserIDInBody)
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_OpenRouter pins OpenRouter's
+// wiring: HeaderPair shape with body-only injection. OpenRouter's
+// per-user attribution is the OpenAI-standard `user` body field —
+// there's no header path and no groups dimension at all. The catalog
+// entry sets EndUserIDInBody=true with empty header names; the inject
+// middleware writes user identity into the request body but stamps
+// nothing on the header surface. Customizable=false so any operator
+// IdentityHeader* fields are ignored.
+//
+// Also asserts the static ExtraHeaders surface: operators provide
+// their app URL and display name on the provider record (HTTP-Referer
+// and X-OpenRouter-Title), and these land on every upstream request
+// so OpenRouter's app rankings / analytics attribute correctly.
+func TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_OpenRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	openrouter := newSynthTestProvider()
+	openrouter.ID = "prov-openrouter"
+	openrouter.ProviderID = "openrouter"
+	openrouter.UpstreamURL = "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1"
+	openrouter.APIKey = "sk-or-v1-acme"
+	// These would only apply if the catalog entry was Customizable;
+	// it isn't, so they must be IGNORED.
+	openrouter.IdentityHeaderUserID = "should-be-ignored"
+	openrouter.IdentityHeaderGroups = "should-be-ignored-too"
+	openrouter.ExtraValues = map[string]string{
+		"HTTP-Referer":       "https://acme.example/agents",
+		"X-OpenRouter-Title": "Acme Agents",
+	}
+	openrouter.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(openrouter.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-openrouter"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{openrouter},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, injectCfg.Providers, 1)
+	entry := injectCfg.Providers[0]
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.HeaderPair, "OpenRouter uses HeaderPair shape — body-inject is the only branch active")
+	assert.Empty(t, entry.HeaderPair.EndUserIDHeader,
+		"OpenRouter does not document a header path for per-user identity; the inject must NOT stamp a header here. Customizable=false means operator IdentityHeader* fields are ignored.")
+	assert.Empty(t, entry.HeaderPair.TagsHeader,
+		"OpenRouter has no per-request groups / tags dimension — the tags header MUST stay empty")
+	assert.True(t, entry.HeaderPair.EndUserIDInBody,
+		"OpenRouter's only per-user attribution path is the OpenAI-standard `user` body field — body inject is the load-bearing piece for this provider")
+	assert.False(t, entry.HeaderPair.TagsInBody,
+		"no tags dimension at all → no tags-in-body either")
+
+	// ExtraHeaders carry the operator-typed app URL + display name to
+	// OpenRouter's app rankings. The synth must echo BOTH static
+	// header values with the operator's typed strings.
+	require.Len(t, entry.ExtraHeaders, 2,
+		"both ExtraHeaders the catalog declares should land on the inject config when the operator filled in values")
+	byName := map[string]string{}
+	for _, h := range entry.ExtraHeaders {
+		byName[h.Name] = h.Value
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://acme.example/agents", byName["HTTP-Referer"],
+		"HTTP-Referer is OpenRouter's primary app identifier — must round-trip the operator-typed URL verbatim")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Acme Agents", byName["X-OpenRouter-Title"],
+		"X-OpenRouter-Title surfaces as the app's display name in OpenRouter's rankings — must round-trip operator's chosen string")
+}
+
+// TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_NonCustomizable_UsesCatalog
+// is the LiteLLM-style negative case: when the catalog entry does
+// NOT flag HeaderPair as Customizable, the catalog defaults are
+// authoritative and any IdentityHeader* values on the provider
+// record are ignored. Without this guard, an operator who set those
+// fields on a non-Bifrost provider could accidentally break the
+// gateway's wire protocol (LiteLLM only honours x-litellm-end-user-
+// id; renaming it would silently drop spend tracking).
+func TestSynthesizeServices_IdentityInject_NonCustomizable_UsesCatalog(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	litellm := newSynthTestProvider()
+	litellm.ID = "prov-litellm"
+	litellm.ProviderID = "litellm_proxy"
+	litellm.UpstreamURL = "https://litellm.acme.example.com"
+	litellm.APIKey = "sk-llm-master"
+	// Operator set these — but litellm_proxy's catalog entry has
+	// HeaderPair.Customizable=false, so the synth path must IGNORE
+	// these and fall back to the catalog defaults.
+	litellm.IdentityHeaderUserID = "x-bf-lh-should-be-ignored"
+	litellm.IdentityHeaderGroups = "x-bf-lh-should-be-ignored-too"
+	litellm.CreatedAt = time.Date(2026, 4, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(litellm.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+	policy.ID = "pol-litellm"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{litellm},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var injectCfg identityInjectConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &injectCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, injectCfg.Providers, 1)
+	entry := injectCfg.Providers[0]
+	require.NotNil(t, entry.HeaderPair)
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-litellm-end-user-id", entry.HeaderPair.EndUserIDHeader,
+		"Customizable=false on the catalog entry must hold — operator IdentityHeader* fields cannot rename a fixed wire protocol's headers")
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-litellm-tags", entry.HeaderPair.TagsHeader,
+		"Customizable=false on the catalog entry must hold for tags too")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_GuardrailMerge_AllowlistUnion_LimitsRestrictive(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+
+	guardrailA := &types.Guardrail{
+		ID:        "g-a",
+		AccountID: testAccountID,
+		Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{
+			ModelAllowlist: types.GuardrailModelAllowlist{Enabled: true, Models: []string{"gpt-5.4-mini"}},
+		},
+	}
+	guardrailB := &types.Guardrail{
+		ID:        "g-b",
+		AccountID: testAccountID,
+		Checks: types.GuardrailChecks{
+			ModelAllowlist: types.GuardrailModelAllowlist{Enabled: true, Models: []string{"gpt-5.4-pro"}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	policyA := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-a", guardrailA.ID)
+	policyA.ID = "pol-a"
+	policyB := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-b", guardrailB.ID)
+	policyB.ID = "pol-b"
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		[]*types.Policy{policyA, policyB},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{guardrailA, guardrailB})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var guardrailJSON []byte
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMGuardrail {
+			guardrailJSON = m.ConfigJSON
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotEmpty(t, guardrailJSON, "guardrail middleware config JSON must be present")
+
+	var cfg guardrailConfig
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(guardrailJSON, &cfg), "guardrail config must unmarshal cleanly")
+	// Both policies restrict the same provider, so the per-provider backstop
+	// carries the union of their models — a coarse gate that management's
+	// per-policy/group check narrows; it only blocks models outside the union
+	// when management is down.
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"gpt-5.4-mini", "gpt-5.4-pro"}, cfg.ProviderAllowlists["prov-1"],
+		"per-provider allowlist union must keep both models")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_BackfillsMissingSessionKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.SessionPrivateKey = ""
+	provider.SessionPublicKey = ""
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID).
+		Return(newSynthTestSettings(), nil)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID).
+		Return([]*types.Provider{provider}, nil)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID).
+		Return([]*types.Policy{policy}, nil)
+	// Backfill must persist the new keys before synthesising.
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, gomock.Any()).
+		DoAndReturn(func(_ context.Context, p *types.Provider) error {
+			require.NotEmpty(t, p.SessionPrivateKey, "backfill must populate private key")
+			require.NotEmpty(t, p.SessionPublicKey, "backfill must populate public key")
+			return nil
+		})
+	mockStore.EXPECT().
+		GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID).
+		Return([]*types.Guardrail{}, nil)
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1, "synthesis must complete after backfill")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, services[0].SessionPrivateKey, "synthesised service inherits the freshly-minted private key")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, services[0].SessionPublicKey, "synthesised service inherits the freshly-minted public key")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_HTTPUpstream_KeepsExplicitPort(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.UpstreamURL = "http://internal-llm.lan:8080"
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var routerCfg routerConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMRouter {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &routerCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, routerCfg.Providers, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "http", routerCfg.Providers[0].UpstreamScheme, "scheme follows the upstream URL")
+	assert.Equal(t, "internal-llm.lan:8080", routerCfg.Providers[0].UpstreamHost,
+		"explicit port travels with host so the router rewrite carries an authority the proxy can dial")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_UpstreamURLPath_FlowsToRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	// Provider configured with a path-prefixed upstream — common for
+	// OpenAI-compatible endpoints behind corporate gateways. The path
+	// is the router's disambiguator when two providers claim the same
+	// model, so it must round-trip through buildRouterConfigJSON with
+	// the trailing slash trimmed.
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.UpstreamURL = "https://corp.example.com/openai/"
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var routerCfg routerConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMRouter {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &routerCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, routerCfg.Providers, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "corp.example.com", routerCfg.Providers[0].UpstreamHost, "host should drop the path")
+	assert.Equal(t, "/openai", routerCfg.Providers[0].UpstreamPath,
+		"upstream path must be carried so the router can disambiguate same-model providers; trailing slash trimmed for stable string-prefix matching")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_SkipTLSVerification_FlowsToRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	// A provider fronting a self-hosted / internal gateway opts into skipping
+	// upstream TLS verification; the synthesiser must carry it into the router
+	// route so the proxy dials that upstream insecurely.
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.SkipTLSVerification = true
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	mws := services[0].Targets[0].Options.Middlewares
+	var routerCfg routerConfig
+	for _, m := range mws {
+		if m.ID == middlewareIDLLMRouter {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(m.ConfigJSON, &routerCfg))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.Len(t, routerCfg.Providers, 1)
+	assert.True(t, routerCfg.Providers[0].SkipTLSVerify,
+		"provider skip_tls_verification must flow into the router route")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_UnknownProviderID_FailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.ProviderID = "nonexistent_provider"
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	_, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.Error(t, err, "synthesis must fail when the catalog can't resolve the provider id")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "unknown catalog id", "error must surface the misconfiguration")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizeServices_EmptyAPIKey_FailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	provider.APIKey = ""
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	_, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.Error(t, err, "synthesis must refuse a provider with no api key")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "no api key", "error must surface the missing credential")
+}
+
+// TestDiscoveryHost pins which providers get a separate listing host. Getting
+// this wrong in either direction is costly: a missing host leaves Bedrock
+// discovery 404ing at AWS, and a host on the wrong provider would send that
+// provider's listing — and its credential — somewhere the operator never
+// configured.
+func TestDiscoveryHost(t *testing.T) {
+	entry := func(id string) catalog.Provider {
+		p, ok := catalog.Lookup(id)
+		require.True(t, ok, "catalog entry %s must exist", id)
+		return p
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name     string
+		entry    catalog.Provider
+		upstream string
+		want     string
+	}{
+		{
+			// ListInferenceProfiles is a control-plane operation; the runtime
+			// host answers <UnknownOperationException/> for it.
+			name:  "bedrock splits the listing off the runtime host",
+			entry: entry("bedrock_api"), upstream: "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+			want: "bedrock.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "bedrock in another region",
+			entry: entry("bedrock_api"), upstream: "https://bedrock-runtime.us-west-2.amazonaws.com",
+			want: "bedrock.us-west-2.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			// A proxied Bedrock endpoint may well serve both from one place,
+			// and there is no region to read back out of it.
+			name:  "proxied bedrock upstream yields no discovery host",
+			entry: entry("bedrock_api"), upstream: "https://bedrock.internal.example.com",
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "openai serves its listing from the same host",
+			entry: entry("openai_api"), upstream: "https://api.openai.com",
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "vertex serves its listing from the same host",
+			entry: entry("vertex_ai_api"), upstream: "https://us-east5-aiplatform.googleapis.com",
+			want: "",
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, discoveryHost(tc.entry, tc.upstream))
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/accesslog.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/accesslog.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cde7be7de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/accesslog.go
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// AgentNetworkAccessLog is the dedicated, flattened agent-network access-log
+// row. Unlike the shared reverse-proxy AccessLogEntry (which kept LLM data in
+// an opaque metadata JSON blob), the LLM dimensions live in first-class,
+// indexed columns so the access-log surface can filter server-side by
+// user / group / provider / model / decision.
+type AgentNetworkAccessLog struct {
+	// The composite index idx_anal_acct_session_ts backs the session-grouped
+	// listing (GROUP BY session_id ORDER BY MAX(timestamp) within an account);
+	// the single-column indexes still back the flat filters/sorts.
+	ID            string    `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	AccountID     string    `gorm:"index;index:idx_anal_acct_session_ts,priority:1"`
+	ServiceID     string    `gorm:"index"`
+	Timestamp     time.Time `gorm:"index;index:idx_anal_acct_session_ts,priority:3"`
+	UserID        string    `gorm:"index"`
+	SourceIP      string
+	Method        string
+	Host          string
+	Path          string `gorm:"type:text"`
+	Duration      time.Duration
+	StatusCode    int `gorm:"index"`
+	AuthMethod    string
+	BytesUpload   int64
+	BytesDownload int64
+
+	// Flattened LLM dimensions (queryable). Sourced from proxy metadata keys.
+	Provider           string `gorm:"index"`                                           // vendor, e.g. "openai" (llm.provider)
+	Model              string `gorm:"index"`                                           // llm.model
+	SessionID          string `gorm:"index;index:idx_anal_acct_session_ts,priority:2"` // llm.session_id — groups a conversation / coding session
+	ResolvedProviderID string `gorm:"index"`                                           // llm.resolved_provider_id
+	SelectedPolicyID   string `gorm:"index"`                                           // llm.selected_policy_id
+	Decision           string `gorm:"index"`                                           // llm_policy.decision (allow/deny)
+	DenyReason         string // llm_policy.reason (raw code, mapped in the UI)
+	InputTokens        int64
+	OutputTokens       int64
+	TotalTokens        int64
+	// Prompt-cache buckets: read + write token counts.
+	CachedInputTokens   int64
+	CacheCreationTokens int64
+	// Per-bucket cost breakdown — one column per token bucket the provider
+	// bills separately. These four are the only cost state stored: the total
+	// and the cache portion are derived on read (TotalCostUSD / CacheCostUSD)
+	// rather than stored alongside, so a stored aggregate can never drift out
+	// of step with the components it summarises.
+	//
+	// default:0 matters on upgrade: these columns are ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN
+	// on an existing table, and without it every historical row holds NULL —
+	// which a raw SUM()/scan into float64 can't read. The default backfills
+	// them as 0, so pre-upgrade rows report an unknown split, not an error.
+	InputCostUSD         float64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
+	CachedInputCostUSD   float64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
+	CacheCreationCostUSD float64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
+	OutputCostUSD        float64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
+	Stream               bool
+
+	// Prompt capture. Only populated when prompt collection is enabled
+	// (account master switch AND policy guardrail). Heavy free text.
+	RequestPrompt      string `gorm:"type:text"`
+	ResponseCompletion string `gorm:"type:text"`
+
+	CreatedAt time.Time
+
+	// GroupIDs is the authorising group ids for this entry, hydrated from the
+	// group child table on read. Not a column.
+	GroupIDs []string `gorm:"-"`
+}
+
+// TableName keeps agent-network access logs in their own table, separate from
+// the reverse-proxy AccessLogEntry table.
+func (AgentNetworkAccessLog) TableName() string { return "agent_network_access_log" }
+
+// CostUSDSQLExpr is the SQL sum of the per-bucket cost columns — the total cost
+// of a row. Used wherever a query has to sort or aggregate on total cost now
+// that no cost_usd column is stored. Plain arithmetic over NOT NULL columns, so
+// it stays portable across SQLite and Postgres.
+const CostUSDSQLExpr = "(input_cost_usd + cached_input_cost_usd + cache_creation_cost_usd + output_cost_usd)"
+
+// TotalCostUSD is the request's total cost: the sum of the four per-bucket
+// costs. Derived rather than stored so it cannot disagree with the breakdown.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAccessLog) TotalCostUSD() float64 {
+	return a.InputCostUSD + a.CachedInputCostUSD + a.CacheCreationCostUSD + a.OutputCostUSD
+}
+
+// CacheCostUSD is the portion of the total billed for prompt-cache buckets:
+// cache reads plus cache writes.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAccessLog) CacheCostUSD() float64 {
+	return a.CachedInputCostUSD + a.CacheCreationCostUSD
+}
+
+// ToAPIResponse renders the flattened entry as the API representation.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAccessLog) ToAPIResponse() api.AgentNetworkAccessLog {
+	out := api.AgentNetworkAccessLog{
+		Id:                   a.ID,
+		ServiceId:            a.ServiceID,
+		Timestamp:            a.Timestamp,
+		StatusCode:           a.StatusCode,
+		DurationMs:           int(a.Duration.Milliseconds()),
+		InputTokens:          a.InputTokens,
+		OutputTokens:         a.OutputTokens,
+		TotalTokens:          a.TotalTokens,
+		CachedInputTokens:    a.CachedInputTokens,
+		CacheCreationTokens:  a.CacheCreationTokens,
+		InputCostUsd:         a.InputCostUSD,
+		CachedInputCostUsd:   a.CachedInputCostUSD,
+		CacheCreationCostUsd: a.CacheCreationCostUSD,
+		OutputCostUsd:        a.OutputCostUSD,
+		CostUsd:              a.TotalCostUSD(),
+		CacheCostUsd:         a.CacheCostUSD(),
+		Stream:               &a.Stream,
+	}
+
+	out.UserId = strPtr(a.UserID)
+	out.SourceIp = strPtr(a.SourceIP)
+	out.Method = strPtr(a.Method)
+	out.Host = strPtr(a.Host)
+	out.Path = strPtr(a.Path)
+	out.Provider = strPtr(a.Provider)
+	out.Model = strPtr(a.Model)
+	out.SessionId = strPtr(a.SessionID)
+	out.ResolvedProviderId = strPtr(a.ResolvedProviderID)
+	out.SelectedPolicyId = strPtr(a.SelectedPolicyID)
+	out.Decision = strPtr(a.Decision)
+	out.DenyReason = strPtr(a.DenyReason)
+	out.RequestPrompt = strPtr(a.RequestPrompt)
+	out.ResponseCompletion = strPtr(a.ResponseCompletion)
+
+	if len(a.GroupIDs) > 0 {
+		groups := a.GroupIDs
+		out.GroupIds = &groups
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// strPtr returns a pointer to s, or nil when s is empty — so empty optional
+// fields are omitted from the JSON rather than serialised as "".
+func strPtr(s string) *string {
+	if s == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &s
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkAccessLogSession is a session-grouped view of access-log entries:
+// all requests sharing a session id (or, for a request the client sent no
+// session id for, that single request keyed by its own row id) folded into one
+// summary plus its ordered entries. Assembled in Go from a page of entries — it
+// is not a stored table.
+type AgentNetworkAccessLogSession struct {
+	SessionID            string // empty for a session-less (singleton) request
+	UserID               string
+	GroupIDs             []string // union of the entries' authorising groups
+	StartedAt            time.Time
+	EndedAt              time.Time
+	RequestCount         int
+	InputTokens          int64
+	OutputTokens         int64
+	TotalTokens          int64
+	CachedInputTokens    int64
+	CacheCreationTokens  int64
+	InputCostUSD         float64
+	CachedInputCostUSD   float64
+	CacheCreationCostUSD float64
+	OutputCostUSD        float64
+	Providers            []string // distinct vendors seen in the session
+	Models               []string // distinct models seen in the session
+	Decision             string   // "deny" if any entry was denied, else "allow"
+	Entries              []*AgentNetworkAccessLog
+}
+
+// TotalCostUSD is the session's total cost: the sum of the four per-bucket
+// costs accumulated across its entries.
+func (sess *AgentNetworkAccessLogSession) TotalCostUSD() float64 {
+	return sess.InputCostUSD + sess.CachedInputCostUSD + sess.CacheCreationCostUSD + sess.OutputCostUSD
+}
+
+// CacheCostUSD is the session's prompt-cache spend: cache reads plus writes.
+func (sess *AgentNetworkAccessLogSession) CacheCostUSD() float64 {
+	return sess.CachedInputCostUSD + sess.CacheCreationCostUSD
+}
+
+// sessionKey is the grouping key for an entry: its session id, or — when the
+// client sent none — its own row id, so session-less requests each form their
+// own singleton group. Must match the SQL group key
+// COALESCE(NULLIF(session_id, ”), id).
+func sessionKey(e *AgentNetworkAccessLog) string {
+	if e.SessionID != "" {
+		return e.SessionID
+	}
+	return e.ID
+}
+
+// FoldAccessLogSessions folds a page of entries into per-session summaries,
+// preserving the order of orderedKeys (the already-sorted, already-paginated
+// session keys from the store). Entries are expected pre-sorted by timestamp
+// within each key. Aggregation (sums, distinct providers/models, deny rollup)
+// happens here in Go rather than in SQL so the query stays engine-portable.
+func FoldAccessLogSessions(orderedKeys []string, entries []*AgentNetworkAccessLog) []*AgentNetworkAccessLogSession {
+	byKey := make(map[string]*AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, len(orderedKeys))
+	order := make([]*AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, 0, len(orderedKeys))
+	for _, k := range orderedKeys {
+		if _, ok := byKey[k]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		sess := &AgentNetworkAccessLogSession{Decision: "allow"}
+		byKey[k] = sess
+		order = append(order, sess)
+	}
+
+	seenBy := make(map[string]*sessionSeen, len(orderedKeys))
+
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		k := sessionKey(e)
+		sess, ok := byKey[k]
+		if !ok {
+			continue // entry outside the paged set; defensive
+		}
+		sk := seenBy[k]
+		if sk == nil {
+			sk = newSessionSeen()
+			seenBy[k] = sk
+			sess.SessionID = e.SessionID
+			sess.UserID = e.UserID
+			sess.StartedAt = e.Timestamp
+			sess.EndedAt = e.Timestamp
+		}
+		sess.foldEntry(sk, e)
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, 0, len(order))
+	for _, sess := range order {
+		if sess.RequestCount > 0 {
+			out = append(out, sess)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// sessionSeen tracks the distinct provider / model / group values already
+// recorded for a session so foldEntry can dedupe as it accumulates.
+type sessionSeen struct{ providers, models, groups map[string]struct{} }
+
+func newSessionSeen() *sessionSeen {
+	return &sessionSeen{
+		providers: map[string]struct{}{},
+		models:    map[string]struct{}{},
+		groups:    map[string]struct{}{},
+	}
+}
+
+// foldEntry accumulates a single entry into the session summary: sums, time
+// bounds, first-seen user, deny rollup, distinct provider / model / group
+// lists, and the entry itself.
+func (sess *AgentNetworkAccessLogSession) foldEntry(sk *sessionSeen, e *AgentNetworkAccessLog) {
+	sess.RequestCount++
+	sess.InputTokens += e.InputTokens
+	sess.OutputTokens += e.OutputTokens
+	sess.TotalTokens += e.TotalTokens
+	sess.CachedInputTokens += e.CachedInputTokens
+	sess.CacheCreationTokens += e.CacheCreationTokens
+	sess.InputCostUSD += e.InputCostUSD
+	sess.CachedInputCostUSD += e.CachedInputCostUSD
+	sess.CacheCreationCostUSD += e.CacheCreationCostUSD
+	sess.OutputCostUSD += e.OutputCostUSD
+	if e.Timestamp.Before(sess.StartedAt) {
+		sess.StartedAt = e.Timestamp
+	}
+	if e.Timestamp.After(sess.EndedAt) {
+		sess.EndedAt = e.Timestamp
+	}
+	if sess.UserID == "" {
+		sess.UserID = e.UserID
+	}
+	if e.Decision == "deny" {
+		sess.Decision = "deny"
+	}
+	sess.Providers = appendDistinct(sk.providers, sess.Providers, e.Provider)
+	sess.Models = appendDistinct(sk.models, sess.Models, e.Model)
+	for _, g := range e.GroupIDs {
+		sess.GroupIDs = appendDistinct(sk.groups, sess.GroupIDs, g)
+	}
+	sess.Entries = append(sess.Entries, e)
+}
+
+// appendDistinct appends v to list when v is non-empty and not already recorded
+// in seen, returning the possibly-extended list.
+func appendDistinct(seen map[string]struct{}, list []string, v string) []string {
+	if v == "" {
+		return list
+	}
+	if _, dup := seen[v]; dup {
+		return list
+	}
+	seen[v] = struct{}{}
+	return append(list, v)
+}
+
+// ToAPIResponse renders the session summary (and its entries) as the API
+// representation.
+func (sess *AgentNetworkAccessLogSession) ToAPIResponse() api.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession {
+	entries := make([]api.AgentNetworkAccessLog, 0, len(sess.Entries))
+	for _, e := range sess.Entries {
+		entries = append(entries, e.ToAPIResponse())
+	}
+
+	out := api.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession{
+		StartedAt:            sess.StartedAt,
+		EndedAt:              sess.EndedAt,
+		RequestCount:         sess.RequestCount,
+		InputTokens:          sess.InputTokens,
+		OutputTokens:         sess.OutputTokens,
+		TotalTokens:          sess.TotalTokens,
+		CachedInputTokens:    sess.CachedInputTokens,
+		CacheCreationTokens:  sess.CacheCreationTokens,
+		InputCostUsd:         sess.InputCostUSD,
+		CachedInputCostUsd:   sess.CachedInputCostUSD,
+		CacheCreationCostUsd: sess.CacheCreationCostUSD,
+		OutputCostUsd:        sess.OutputCostUSD,
+		CostUsd:              sess.TotalCostUSD(),
+		CacheCostUsd:         sess.CacheCostUSD(),
+		Decision:             sess.Decision,
+		Entries:              entries,
+	}
+	out.SessionId = strPtr(sess.SessionID)
+	out.UserId = strPtr(sess.UserID)
+	if len(sess.Providers) > 0 {
+		providers := sess.Providers
+		out.Providers = &providers
+	}
+	if len(sess.Models) > 0 {
+		models := sess.Models
+		out.Models = &models
+	}
+	if len(sess.GroupIDs) > 0 {
+		groups := sess.GroupIDs
+		out.GroupIds = &groups
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup is the normalised many-to-many row linking a log
+// entry to one authorising group, so the access-log endpoint can filter by
+// group with a simple `group_id IN (...)` join instead of substring-matching a
+// CSV column.
+type AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup struct {
+	LogID     string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	GroupID   string `gorm:"primaryKey;index"`
+	AccountID string `gorm:"index"`
+}
+
+// TableName names the access-log group child table.
+func (AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup) TableName() string { return "agent_network_access_log_group" }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/accesslogfilter.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/accesslogfilter.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d35516ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/accesslogfilter.go
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+const (
+	// AccessLogDefaultPageSize is the default number of records per page.
+	AccessLogDefaultPageSize = 50
+	// AccessLogMaxPageSize is the maximum number of records allowed per page.
+	AccessLogMaxPageSize = 100
+
+	accessLogDefaultSortBy    = "timestamp"
+	accessLogDefaultSortOrder = "desc"
+
+	// usageOverviewDefaultLookback bounds an unbounded usage-overview query so
+	// it never aggregates an account's entire history into memory.
+	usageOverviewDefaultLookback = 90 * 24 * time.Hour
+	// usageOverviewMaxRange caps how far back an explicit range may reach.
+	usageOverviewMaxRange = 366 * 24 * time.Hour
+)
+
+// ApplyUsageOverviewBounds bounds a missing or over-wide date range so the
+// in-memory usage aggregation can't load an account's full usage history. An
+// absent range defaults to the last usageOverviewDefaultLookback; a range wider
+// than usageOverviewMaxRange is clamped from the (possibly defaulted) end.
+func (f *AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ApplyUsageOverviewBounds(now time.Time) {
+	end := now
+	if f.EndDate != nil {
+		end = *f.EndDate
+	}
+	f.EndDate = &end
+	if f.StartDate == nil {
+		start := end.Add(-usageOverviewDefaultLookback)
+		f.StartDate = &start
+		return
+	}
+	if end.Sub(*f.StartDate) > usageOverviewMaxRange {
+		start := end.Add(-usageOverviewMaxRange)
+		f.StartDate = &start
+	}
+}
+
+// accessLogSortFields maps the API sort_by values to their database columns.
+var accessLogSortFields = map[string]string{
+	"timestamp":    "timestamp",
+	"model":        "model",
+	"provider":     "provider",
+	"status_code":  "status_code",
+	"duration":     "duration",
+	"cost_usd":     CostUSDSQLExpr,
+	"total_tokens": "total_tokens",
+	"user_id":      "user_id",
+	"decision":     "decision",
+}
+
+// sessionSortExprs maps the API sort_by values to the aggregate expression a
+// session-grouped query sorts on. A session has no single row, so per-row
+// columns become aggregates: "timestamp" (the default) is the session's last
+// activity, "started_at" its first. Every expression is a plain SQL aggregate
+// over the GROUP BY, so the ordering stays portable across SQLite and Postgres.
+// Keys absent here (e.g. "model", "provider") fall back to the default — the
+// grouped UI only offers the session-level sorts below.
+var sessionSortExprs = map[string]string{ //nolint:gosec // G101 false positive: "total_tokens" sort key, not a credential
+	"timestamp":     "MAX(timestamp)",
+	"started_at":    "MIN(timestamp)",
+	"cost_usd":      "SUM" + CostUSDSQLExpr,
+	"total_tokens":  "SUM(total_tokens)",
+	"duration":      "SUM(duration)",
+	"request_count": "COUNT(*)",
+	"status_code":   "MAX(status_code)",
+	"user_id":       "MIN(user_id)",
+	"decision":      "MAX(decision)", // "deny" > "allow": DESC surfaces denied sessions first
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter holds pagination, filtering and sorting
+// parameters for the agent-network access-log listing. Group / provider /
+// model are multi-valued (the UI uses multi-select; an entry matches when it
+// matches any selected value).
+type AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter struct {
+	Page     int
+	PageSize int
+
+	SortBy    string
+	SortOrder string
+
+	Search      *string    // log id, host, path, model, user email/name
+	UserID      *string    // exact user id (the dashboard sends the picked user's id)
+	SessionID   *string    // exact session id — groups one conversation / coding session
+	GroupIDs    []string   // authorising group ids (match any)
+	ProviderIDs []string   // resolved provider ids (match any)
+	Models      []string   // models (match any)
+	Decision    *string    // policy decision (allow/deny)
+	PathPrefix  *string    // request path prefix (path LIKE 'prefix%')
+	StartDate   *time.Time // timestamp >= start_date
+	EndDate     *time.Time // timestamp <= end_date
+}
+
+// ParseFromRequest fills the filter from the request query parameters. It
+// returns a validation error when a supplied start_date / end_date is present
+// but not valid RFC3339: silently dropping a malformed date would broaden the
+// query (and, for the usage overview, fall back to the default window).
+func (f *AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ParseFromRequest(r *http.Request) error {
+	q := r.URL.Query()
+
+	f.Page = parseAccessLogPositiveInt(q.Get("page"), 1)
+	f.PageSize = min(parseAccessLogPositiveInt(q.Get("page_size"), AccessLogDefaultPageSize), AccessLogMaxPageSize)
+
+	f.SortBy = parseAccessLogSortField(q.Get("sort_by"))
+	f.SortOrder = parseAccessLogSortOrder(q.Get("sort_order"))
+
+	f.Search = parseAccessLogOptionalString(q.Get("search"))
+	f.UserID = parseAccessLogOptionalString(q.Get("user_id"))
+	f.SessionID = parseAccessLogOptionalString(q.Get("session_id"))
+	f.Decision = parseAccessLogOptionalString(q.Get("decision"))
+	f.PathPrefix = parseAccessLogOptionalString(q.Get("path"))
+	// Multi-value filters accept either repeated params (?group_id=a&group_id=b)
+	// or a single comma-separated value (?group_id=a,b) so both the OpenAPI
+	// array form and the dashboard's single-value query builder work.
+	f.GroupIDs = splitMultiValue(q["group_id"])
+	f.ProviderIDs = splitMultiValue(q["provider_id"])
+	f.Models = splitMultiValue(q["model"])
+
+	var err error
+	if f.StartDate, err = parseAccessLogOptionalRFC3339(q.Get("start_date")); err != nil {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "invalid start_date: %v", err)
+	}
+	if f.EndDate, err = parseAccessLogOptionalRFC3339(q.Get("end_date")); err != nil {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "invalid end_date: %v", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetSortColumn returns the database column for the active sort field.
+func (f *AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) GetSortColumn() string {
+	if col, ok := accessLogSortFields[f.SortBy]; ok {
+		return col
+	}
+	return accessLogSortFields[accessLogDefaultSortBy]
+}
+
+// GetSessionSortExpr returns the aggregate ORDER BY expression for the active
+// sort field when listing session-grouped logs. Unknown / non-session sort
+// fields fall back to the default (last activity).
+func (f *AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) GetSessionSortExpr() string {
+	if expr, ok := sessionSortExprs[f.SortBy]; ok {
+		return expr
+	}
+	return sessionSortExprs[accessLogDefaultSortBy]
+}
+
+// GetSortOrder returns the normalised sort order ("ASC"/"DESC").
+func (f *AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) GetSortOrder() string {
+	if strings.EqualFold(f.SortOrder, "asc") {
+		return "ASC"
+	}
+	return "DESC"
+}
+
+// GetLimit returns the page size, defaulting/clamping when unset.
+func (f *AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) GetLimit() int {
+	if f.PageSize <= 0 {
+		return AccessLogDefaultPageSize
+	}
+	return min(f.PageSize, AccessLogMaxPageSize)
+}
+
+// GetOffset returns the zero-based row offset for the active page. Page is
+// user-controlled, so the multiplication is guarded against int overflow.
+func (f *AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) GetOffset() int {
+	limit := f.GetLimit()
+	if f.Page <= 1 || limit <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if f.Page-1 > math.MaxInt/limit {
+		return math.MaxInt - (math.MaxInt % limit)
+	}
+	return (f.Page - 1) * limit
+}
+
+func parseAccessLogPositiveInt(s string, def int) int {
+	if v, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(s)); err == nil && v > 0 {
+		return v
+	}
+	return def
+}
+
+func parseAccessLogSortField(s string) string {
+	if _, ok := accessLogSortFields[s]; ok {
+		return s
+	}
+	// Session-grouped listings sort on aggregates (e.g. request_count,
+	// started_at) that aren't flat-row columns; accept those too. The flat
+	// listing maps any unknown field back to the default, so this stays safe
+	// for the non-grouped endpoint.
+	if _, ok := sessionSortExprs[s]; ok {
+		return s
+	}
+	return accessLogDefaultSortBy
+}
+
+func parseAccessLogSortOrder(s string) string {
+	if strings.EqualFold(s, "asc") {
+		return "asc"
+	}
+	return accessLogDefaultSortOrder
+}
+
+func parseAccessLogOptionalString(s string) *string {
+	if s = strings.TrimSpace(s); s != "" {
+		return &s
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func parseAccessLogOptionalRFC3339(s string) (*time.Time, error) {
+	if s = strings.TrimSpace(s); s == "" {
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // not provided: no value and no error
+	}
+	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &t, nil
+}
+
+// splitMultiValue flattens repeated query params and comma-separated values
+// into a single trimmed, blank-free list. Returns nil when nothing remains so
+// callers can skip the filter entirely.
+func splitMultiValue(values []string) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(values))
+	for _, raw := range values {
+		for _, v := range strings.Split(raw, ",") {
+			if v = strings.TrimSpace(v); v != "" {
+				out = append(out, v)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/agent_config.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/agent_config.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a154efed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/agent_config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package types
+
+// AgentConfig is the caller-scoped answer to "what may this caller
+// use on the Agent Network?" — the account's proxy endpoint plus the
+// providers and models the caller's groups authorize. It intentionally
+// carries display metadata only: no keys, no upstream URLs, no policy or
+// guardrail structure, and no hint of providers the caller cannot reach.
+type AgentConfig struct {
+	// Configured is false only when the account has no Agent Network set
+	// up. A caller no policy covers yet still reads as configured, with an
+	// empty Providers list: every member gets the same connection config,
+	// and the empty list is what tells them to ask for access.
+	Configured bool
+	// Endpoint is the account's proxy base URL
+	// ("https://<subdomain>.<cluster>"), reachable over the NetBird tunnel
+	// only. Empty when Configured is false. Handing it to a member the
+	// policies do not cover authorizes nothing on its own — the proxy
+	// still refuses every request no policy permits.
+	Endpoint string
+	// Providers lists the providers at least one applicable policy
+	// authorizes for the caller, in the account's created_at order.
+	Providers []AgentConfigProvider
+}
+
+// AgentConfigProvider is one authorized provider in an AgentConfig.
+type AgentConfigProvider struct {
+	// Name is the operator-assigned label, e.g. "Bedrock prod".
+	Name string
+	// CatalogID names the catalog entry, e.g. "anthropic_api".
+	CatalogID string
+	// APIFlavor is the request-body shape the provider speaks — the
+	// catalog entry's parser id ("anthropic", "openai"); empty when the
+	// proxy dispatches the provider by URL path instead.
+	APIFlavor string
+	// AllModelsAllowed is true when no model allowlist restricts this
+	// provider for the caller. Models then lists the declared/catalog
+	// models as a courtesy (possibly none for gateway-style providers).
+	AllModelsAllowed bool
+	// Models is the effective model allowlist for the caller, or the
+	// declared/catalog models when AllModelsAllowed is true.
+	Models []string
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/budgetrule.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/budgetrule.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f02a5b92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/budgetrule.go
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// AccountBudgetRule is an account-level, limit-only rule bound to groups
+// and/or users. It mirrors the policy budget experience without any routing:
+// it carries the same cap shape as a policy (PolicyLimits) but never selects a
+// provider. Rules apply across policies as an always-on ceiling — every
+// applicable rule binds (min-wins), so a rule can only tighten a caller's
+// effective limit, never loosen it.
+//
+// TargetGroups matches when it intersects the caller's groups; TargetUsers
+// binds a specific user directly. Empty TargetGroups and TargetUsers means the
+// rule applies to every caller (the account-wide default).
+type AccountBudgetRule struct {
+	ID           string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	AccountID    string `gorm:"index"`
+	Name         string
+	Enabled      bool
+	TargetGroups []string     `gorm:"serializer:json;column:target_groups"`
+	TargetUsers  []string     `gorm:"serializer:json;column:target_users"`
+	Limits       PolicyLimits `gorm:"serializer:json;column:limits"`
+
+	CreatedAt time.Time
+	UpdatedAt time.Time
+}
+
+// TableName puts budget rules in their own table.
+func (AccountBudgetRule) TableName() string { return "agent_network_budget_rules" }
+
+// NewAccountBudgetRule returns a new rule with a freshly minted ID.
+func NewAccountBudgetRule(accountID string) *AccountBudgetRule {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	return &AccountBudgetRule{
+		ID:        "ainbud_" + xid.New().String(),
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Enabled:   true,
+		CreatedAt: now,
+		UpdatedAt: now,
+	}
+}
+
+// Copy returns a deep copy of the rule, including its target slices.
+func (r *AccountBudgetRule) Copy() *AccountBudgetRule {
+	c := *r
+	c.TargetGroups = append([]string(nil), r.TargetGroups...)
+	c.TargetUsers = append([]string(nil), r.TargetUsers...)
+	return &c
+}
+
+// EventMeta renders the rule for the activity log.
+func (r *AccountBudgetRule) EventMeta() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"name":    r.Name,
+		"enabled": r.Enabled,
+	}
+}
+
+// FromAPIRequest applies the request payload onto the receiver.
+func (r *AccountBudgetRule) FromAPIRequest(req *api.AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest) {
+	r.Name = req.Name
+	if req.Enabled != nil {
+		r.Enabled = *req.Enabled
+	}
+	if req.TargetGroups != nil {
+		r.TargetGroups = append([]string(nil), (*req.TargetGroups)...)
+	} else {
+		r.TargetGroups = []string{}
+	}
+	if req.TargetUsers != nil {
+		r.TargetUsers = append([]string(nil), (*req.TargetUsers)...)
+	} else {
+		r.TargetUsers = []string{}
+	}
+	r.Limits = limitsFromAPI(req.Limits)
+}
+
+// ToAPIResponse renders the rule as the API representation.
+func (r *AccountBudgetRule) ToAPIResponse() *api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule {
+	groups := r.TargetGroups
+	if groups == nil {
+		groups = []string{}
+	}
+	users := r.TargetUsers
+	if users == nil {
+		users = []string{}
+	}
+	created := r.CreatedAt
+	updated := r.UpdatedAt
+	return &api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule{
+		Id:           r.ID,
+		Name:         r.Name,
+		Enabled:      r.Enabled,
+		TargetGroups: groups,
+		TargetUsers:  users,
+		Limits:       limitsToAPI(r.Limits),
+		CreatedAt:    &created,
+		UpdatedAt:    &updated,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/consumption.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/consumption.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5295b5570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/consumption.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package types
+
+import "time"
+
+// ConsumptionDimension classifies which kind of identity a consumption
+// row counts against. The proxy-side enforcement layer ticks one row
+// per dimension per request — typically one user row plus one group
+// row.
+type ConsumptionDimension string
+
+const (
+	// DimensionUser counts tokens / spend for a single end user. The
+	// dim_id column carries the netbird user id (or peer.ID when the
+	// caller is a tunnel-peer principal).
+	DimensionUser ConsumptionDimension = "user"
+	// DimensionGroup counts tokens / spend for a single source group
+	// across every member of that group. The dim_id column carries
+	// the netbird group id.
+	DimensionGroup ConsumptionDimension = "group"
+)
+
+// Consumption is a per-dimension token + USD counter for a fixed
+// aligned window. The (account, dim_kind, dim_id, window_seconds,
+// window_start) tuple is the primary key; rows are rolled forward by
+// the proxy's post-flight RecordLLMUsage path on every request.
+//
+// The same dim_id (e.g. a group id) gets one row per distinct
+// window_seconds length in scope across the account's policies,
+// because two policies with different window lengths read independent
+// counters even though they share the dimension. Two policies with
+// identical window_seconds on the same dimension share one counter
+// (correct: their caps are checked against the same shared bucket).
+type Consumption struct {
+	AccountID      string               `gorm:"primaryKey;type:varchar(255)"`
+	DimensionKind  ConsumptionDimension `gorm:"primaryKey;type:varchar(16);column:dim_kind"`
+	DimensionID    string               `gorm:"primaryKey;type:varchar(255);column:dim_id"`
+	WindowSeconds  int64                `gorm:"primaryKey;column:window_seconds"`
+	WindowStartUTC time.Time            `gorm:"primaryKey;column:window_start_utc"`
+	TokensInput    int64                `gorm:"column:tokens_input"`
+	TokensOutput   int64                `gorm:"column:tokens_output"`
+	CostUSD        float64              `gorm:"column:cost_usd"`
+	UpdatedAt      time.Time
+}
+
+// TableName forces a stable name independent of GORM's pluraliser.
+func (Consumption) TableName() string { return "agent_network_consumption" }
+
+// ConsumptionKey identifies a single consumption counter within an account:
+// the (dim_kind, dim_id, window_seconds, window_start) part of the row's
+// primary key. Used to batch-read and batch-increment many counters for one
+// request in a single store round-trip / transaction.
+type ConsumptionKey struct {
+	Kind           ConsumptionDimension
+	DimID          string
+	WindowSeconds  int64
+	WindowStartUTC time.Time
+}
+
+// WindowStart returns the aligned UTC start of the window of length
+// windowSeconds that contains t. Aligned to the unix epoch so the
+// same bucket boundary is computed deterministically across processes.
+func WindowStart(t time.Time, windowSeconds int64) time.Time {
+	if windowSeconds <= 0 {
+		return t.UTC()
+	}
+	step := windowSeconds * int64(time.Second)
+	bucketed := t.UTC().UnixNano() / step * step
+	return time.Unix(0, bucketed).UTC()
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/consumption_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/consumption_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..596cc158c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/consumption_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// TestWindowStart_AlignedToUnixEpoch is the multi-node-convergence
+// guarantee: any two proxies computing WindowStart(now, s) for the
+// same s must land on the same boundary. The implementation aligns
+// to the unix epoch (UTC) rather than local time, calendar weeks, or
+// process start time — none of which are shared across nodes.
+//
+// Table covers the load-bearing window lengths (5m, 1h, 24h, 30d)
+// plus a few odd values that still need to align cleanly.
+func TestWindowStart_AlignedToUnixEpoch(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		instant       time.Time
+		windowSeconds int64
+		want          time.Time
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "5m window — drops seconds inside the bucket",
+			instant:       time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 13, 47, 23, 0, time.UTC),
+			windowSeconds: 300,
+			want:          time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 13, 45, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "1h window — drops minutes / seconds, keeps the hour",
+			instant:       time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 13, 47, 23, 0, time.UTC),
+			windowSeconds: 3600,
+			want:          time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 13, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "24h window aligns to UTC midnight",
+			instant:       time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 13, 47, 23, 0, time.UTC),
+			windowSeconds: 86_400,
+			want:          time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "30d (2_592_000s) window aligns to the 30d epoch grid, not month boundaries",
+			instant:       time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+			windowSeconds: 2_592_000,
+			// 2026-05-06 UTC = 1778025600s; 1778025600 / 2592000 = 685
+			// 685 * 2592000 = 1775520000s = 2026-04-07 00:00:00 UTC
+			want: time.Date(2026, 4, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "non-UTC input still anchors on UTC epoch boundaries",
+			instant:       time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 13, 47, 23, 0, time.FixedZone("CEST", 2*3600)),
+			windowSeconds: 86_400,
+			// 2026-05-06 13:47:23 CEST = 11:47:23 UTC → bucket 2026-05-06 00:00:00 UTC
+			want: time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := WindowStart(tc.instant, tc.windowSeconds)
+			assert.True(t, got.Equal(tc.want),
+				"WindowStart(%v, %ds) = %v, want %v", tc.instant, tc.windowSeconds, got, tc.want)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestWindowStart_WithinWindowConverges proves the determinism
+// contract: any two timestamps inside the same window land on the
+// exact same boundary. Two proxy nodes serving requests 7s apart
+// must agree on which counter row to upsert.
+func TestWindowStart_WithinWindowConverges(t *testing.T) {
+	t1 := time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 14, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	t2 := t1.Add(7 * time.Second)
+	t3 := t1.Add(59*time.Minute + 59*time.Second)
+
+	a := WindowStart(t1, 3600)
+	b := WindowStart(t2, 3600)
+	c := WindowStart(t3, 3600)
+
+	assert.True(t, a.Equal(b), "two timestamps 7s apart in the same 1h window must align to the same boundary")
+	assert.True(t, a.Equal(c), "the very last second of a 1h window still lands on the SAME bucket as the first second")
+}
+
+// TestWindowStart_AcrossWindowsDiverges is the symmetric guarantee:
+// two timestamps separated by a window's worth of time MUST land on
+// different boundaries. Without this, a 24h window's "rollover"
+// would never reset the counter.
+func TestWindowStart_AcrossWindowsDiverges(t *testing.T) {
+	t1 := time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 23, 59, 59, 0, time.UTC)
+	t2 := t1.Add(2 * time.Second) // 2026-05-07 00:00:01
+
+	a := WindowStart(t1, 86_400)
+	b := WindowStart(t2, 86_400)
+	assert.False(t, a.Equal(b),
+		"timestamps straddling a 24h-window boundary must land on different buckets — otherwise daily caps never reset")
+}
+
+// TestWindowStart_DifferentWindowsHaveDifferentBuckets locks the
+// design fork "two policies with different window_seconds on the same
+// group produce independent counters". A 24h boundary at noon is NOT
+// the same as the 30d boundary that contains it.
+func TestWindowStart_DifferentWindowsHaveDifferentBuckets(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	short := WindowStart(now, 86_400)
+	long := WindowStart(now, 2_592_000)
+	assert.False(t, short.Equal(long),
+		"the 24h bucket and 30d bucket containing the same instant must differ — independent counters require independent keys")
+}
+
+// TestWindowStart_SubMinuteAndMinuteAlignment locks sub-hour windows.
+// A 5-minute window must align to multiples of 300s from the unix
+// epoch — minute marks 0/5/10/.../55 within an hour, deterministic
+// across nodes regardless of clock drift.
+func TestWindowStart_SubMinuteAndMinuteAlignment(t *testing.T) {
+	t1 := time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 14, 12, 30, 0, time.UTC)
+	t2 := time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 14, 14, 59, 0, time.UTC)
+	t3 := time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 14, 15, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	a := WindowStart(t1, 300)
+	b := WindowStart(t2, 300)
+	c := WindowStart(t3, 300)
+
+	assert.True(t, a.Equal(b),
+		"14:12:30 and 14:14:59 fall in the same 5m bucket starting at 14:10:00")
+	assert.True(t, a.Equal(time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 14, 10, 0, 0, time.UTC)),
+		"5m bucket containing 14:12 starts at 14:10 — aligned to multiples of 300s from unix epoch")
+	assert.False(t, a.Equal(c),
+		"14:15:00 is the start of the next 5m bucket — must not fold into the previous one")
+}
+
+// TestWindowStart_ZeroWindowReturnsInputUTC covers the defensive
+// path: caller hands a zero / negative window (shouldn't happen, but
+// might mid-refactor). The function returns the input as UTC rather
+// than dividing by zero.
+func TestWindowStart_ZeroWindowReturnsInputUTC(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 12, 30, 45, 0, time.FixedZone("CEST", 2*3600))
+	got := WindowStart(now, 0)
+	assert.True(t, got.Equal(now.UTC()), "zero window must not panic — return input as UTC")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/cost_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/cost_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9194ef4a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/cost_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// costRow builds an access-log entry carrying only a cost breakdown — the rest
+// of the row is irrelevant to the summation identities under test.
+func costRow(id, session string, ts time.Time, in, cachedIn, cacheCreate, out float64) *AgentNetworkAccessLog {
+	return &AgentNetworkAccessLog{
+		ID:                   id,
+		SessionID:            session,
+		Timestamp:            ts,
+		InputCostUSD:         in,
+		CachedInputCostUSD:   cachedIn,
+		CacheCreationCostUSD: cacheCreate,
+		OutputCostUSD:        out,
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAPIResponse_CostComponentsSumToAggregates is the contract a client adding
+// up an API response depends on: within a single rendered object, the four
+// per-bucket fields sum to cost_usd, and the two cache fields sum to
+// cache_cost_usd. Uses rates that are not exactly representable in binary
+// floating point, so the identity is checked against real arithmetic rather
+// than round numbers.
+func TestAPIResponse_CostComponentsSumToAggregates(t *testing.T) {
+	row := costRow("r1", "s1", time.Now(), 0.000768, 0.0002304, 0.00192, 0.003)
+
+	api := row.ToAPIResponse()
+	assert.InDelta(t, api.InputCostUsd+api.CachedInputCostUsd+api.CacheCreationCostUsd+api.OutputCostUsd,
+		api.CostUsd, 1e-12, "rendered buckets must sum to the rendered cost_usd")
+	assert.InDelta(t, api.CachedInputCostUsd+api.CacheCreationCostUsd, api.CacheCostUsd, 1e-12,
+		"rendered cache buckets must sum to the rendered cache_cost_usd")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0059184, api.CostUsd, 1e-12, "total is the exact sum, not a separately rounded figure")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0021504, api.CacheCostUsd, 1e-12, "cache cost is the exact sum of the two cache buckets")
+}
+
+// TestSessionSummary_SumsMatchSummedEntries proves a session summary equals the
+// sum of the entries it renders: a client that adds up the entries itself must
+// land on the same number the summary reports, per bucket and in total.
+func TestSessionSummary_SumsMatchSummedEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	base := time.Date(2026, 5, 5, 10, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	entries := []*AgentNetworkAccessLog{
+		costRow("r1", "s1", base, 0.000768, 0.0002304, 0.00192, 0.003),
+		costRow("r2", "s1", base.Add(time.Minute), 0.000625, 0.0009375, 0, 0.005),
+		costRow("r3", "s1", base.Add(2*time.Minute), 0.0000016, 0, 0, 0.0000032),
+	}
+
+	sessions := FoldAccessLogSessions([]string{"s1"}, entries)
+	require.Len(t, sessions, 1)
+	sess := sessions[0].ToAPIResponse()
+
+	var wantInput, wantCachedInput, wantCacheCreation, wantOutput float64
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		wantInput += e.InputCostUSD
+		wantCachedInput += e.CachedInputCostUSD
+		wantCacheCreation += e.CacheCreationCostUSD
+		wantOutput += e.OutputCostUSD
+	}
+
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantInput, sess.InputCostUsd, 1e-12, "session input cost is the sum of its entries")
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantCachedInput, sess.CachedInputCostUsd, 1e-12, "session cache-read cost is the sum of its entries")
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantCacheCreation, sess.CacheCreationCostUsd, 1e-12, "session cache-write cost is the sum of its entries")
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantOutput, sess.OutputCostUsd, 1e-12, "session output cost is the sum of its entries")
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantInput+wantCachedInput+wantCacheCreation+wantOutput, sess.CostUsd, 1e-12,
+		"session total equals the summed entry buckets")
+
+	// Summing the rendered entries must give the same answer as reading the
+	// summary — the property a UI relies on when it totals a table itself.
+	var fromEntries float64
+	for _, e := range sess.Entries {
+		fromEntries += e.CostUsd
+	}
+	assert.InDelta(t, sess.CostUsd, fromEntries, 1e-12, "summary total must match the summed rendered entries")
+
+	// The sub-microdollar row must still contribute; it would vanish under
+	// 6-decimal quantisation.
+	assert.Greater(t, sess.InputCostUsd, 0.001393, "small-cost rows must not be quantised away")
+}
+
+// TestUsageBuckets_SumsMatchSummedRows proves the same identity one level up:
+// a usage bucket equals the sum of the ledger rows folded into it, and the
+// buckets together equal the whole range.
+func TestUsageBuckets_SumsMatchSummedRows(t *testing.T) {
+	day1 := time.Date(2026, 5, 5, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	day2 := time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	rows := []*AgentNetworkUsage{
+		{ID: "u1", Timestamp: day1, InputCostUSD: 0.000768, CachedInputCostUSD: 0.0002304, CacheCreationCostUSD: 0.00192, OutputCostUSD: 0.003},
+		{ID: "u2", Timestamp: day1.Add(time.Hour), InputCostUSD: 0.000625, CachedInputCostUSD: 0.0009375, OutputCostUSD: 0.005},
+		{ID: "u3", Timestamp: day2, InputCostUSD: 0.0000016, OutputCostUSD: 0.0000032},
+	}
+
+	buckets := AggregateUsageByGranularity(rows, UsageGranularityDay)
+	require.Len(t, buckets, 2, "two distinct days expected")
+
+	var total, cache float64
+	for _, b := range buckets {
+		api := b.ToAPIResponse()
+		assert.InDelta(t, api.InputCostUsd+api.CachedInputCostUsd+api.CacheCreationCostUsd+api.OutputCostUsd,
+			api.CostUsd, 1e-12, "each bucket's components must sum to its cost_usd")
+		total += api.CostUsd
+		cache += api.CacheCostUsd
+	}
+
+	var wantTotal, wantCache float64
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		wantTotal += r.TotalCostUSD()
+		wantCache += r.CacheCostUSD()
+	}
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantTotal, total, 1e-12, "buckets must sum to the total across all ledger rows")
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantCache, cache, 1e-12, "buckets must sum to the cache spend across all ledger rows")
+
+	// A month bucket over the same rows must total identically — regrouping
+	// changes the partition, never the sum.
+	monthly := AggregateUsageByGranularity(rows, UsageGranularityMonth)
+	require.Len(t, monthly, 1)
+	assert.InDelta(t, wantTotal, monthly[0].ToAPIResponse().CostUsd, 1e-12,
+		"re-bucketing at a different granularity must preserve the total")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/guardrail.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/guardrail.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12edd815c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/guardrail.go
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// GuardrailChecks is the configurable parameter set persisted with each
+// guardrail. Stored as a JSON blob to keep the table flat.
+type GuardrailChecks struct {
+	ModelAllowlist GuardrailModelAllowlist `json:"model_allowlist"`
+	PromptCapture  GuardrailPromptCapture  `json:"prompt_capture"`
+}
+
+type GuardrailModelAllowlist struct {
+	Enabled bool     `json:"enabled"`
+	Models  []string `json:"models"`
+}
+
+type GuardrailPromptCapture struct {
+	Enabled   bool `json:"enabled"`
+	RedactPii bool `json:"redact_pii"`
+}
+
+// Guardrail is an Agent Network reusable guardrail set persisted per account.
+type Guardrail struct {
+	ID          string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	AccountID   string `gorm:"index"`
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	Checks      GuardrailChecks `gorm:"serializer:json"`
+	CreatedAt   time.Time
+	UpdatedAt   time.Time
+}
+
+// TableName uses an explicit name so guardrail rows live in their own
+// table.
+func (Guardrail) TableName() string { return "agent_network_guardrails" }
+
+// NewGuardrail returns a new Guardrail with a freshly minted ID.
+func NewGuardrail(accountID string) *Guardrail {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	return &Guardrail{
+		ID:        "ainguard_" + xid.New().String(),
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Checks:    GuardrailChecks{ModelAllowlist: GuardrailModelAllowlist{Models: []string{}}},
+		CreatedAt: now,
+		UpdatedAt: now,
+	}
+}
+
+// FromAPIRequest applies the request payload onto the receiver.
+func (g *Guardrail) FromAPIRequest(req *api.AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest) {
+	g.Name = req.Name
+	if req.Description != nil {
+		g.Description = *req.Description
+	}
+	g.Checks = checksFromAPI(req.Checks)
+}
+
+// ToAPIResponse renders the guardrail as the API representation.
+func (g *Guardrail) ToAPIResponse() *api.AgentNetworkGuardrail {
+	created := g.CreatedAt
+	updated := g.UpdatedAt
+	return &api.AgentNetworkGuardrail{
+		Id:          g.ID,
+		Name:        g.Name,
+		Description: g.Description,
+		Checks:      checksToAPI(g.Checks),
+		CreatedAt:   &created,
+		UpdatedAt:   &updated,
+	}
+}
+
+// Copy returns a deep copy of the guardrail.
+func (g *Guardrail) Copy() *Guardrail {
+	clone := *g
+	if g.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models != nil {
+		clone.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models = append([]string(nil), g.Checks.ModelAllowlist.Models...)
+	}
+	return &clone
+}
+
+// EventMeta is the audit-log payload for activity events.
+func (g *Guardrail) EventMeta() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{"name": g.Name}
+}
+
+func checksFromAPI(c api.AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks) GuardrailChecks {
+	models := append([]string(nil), c.ModelAllowlist.Models...)
+	if models == nil {
+		models = []string{}
+	}
+	return GuardrailChecks{
+		ModelAllowlist: GuardrailModelAllowlist{
+			Enabled: c.ModelAllowlist.Enabled,
+			Models:  models,
+		},
+		PromptCapture: GuardrailPromptCapture{
+			Enabled:   c.PromptCapture.Enabled,
+			RedactPii: c.PromptCapture.RedactPii,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func checksToAPI(c GuardrailChecks) api.AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks {
+	models := c.ModelAllowlist.Models
+	if models == nil {
+		models = []string{}
+	}
+	out := api.AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks{}
+	out.ModelAllowlist.Enabled = c.ModelAllowlist.Enabled
+	out.ModelAllowlist.Models = models
+	out.PromptCapture.Enabled = c.PromptCapture.Enabled
+	out.PromptCapture.RedactPii = c.PromptCapture.RedactPii
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/policy.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/policy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..709b8149d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/policy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// Policy is an Agent Network policy persisted per account. A policy
+// authorises members of SourceGroups to reach the listed
+// DestinationProviderIDs under the attached GuardrailIDs and Limits.
+//
+// Token and budget limits live on the Policy itself (Limits field);
+// guardrails carry only model allowlist and prompt capture.
+type Policy struct {
+	ID                     string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	AccountID              string `gorm:"index"`
+	Name                   string
+	Description            string
+	Enabled                bool
+	SourceGroups           []string     `gorm:"serializer:json;column:source_groups"`
+	DestinationProviderIDs []string     `gorm:"serializer:json;column:destination_provider_ids"`
+	GuardrailIDs           []string     `gorm:"serializer:json;column:guardrail_ids"`
+	Limits                 PolicyLimits `gorm:"serializer:json;column:limits"`
+
+	CreatedAt time.Time
+	UpdatedAt time.Time
+}
+
+// PolicyLimits aggregates the token and budget caps attached directly
+// to a policy. Both halves are always present; their Enabled flags
+// control whether the proxy enforces them.
+type PolicyLimits struct {
+	TokenLimit  PolicyTokenLimit  `json:"token_limit"`
+	BudgetLimit PolicyBudgetLimit `json:"budget_limit"`
+}
+
+// PolicyTokenLimit is a token-count cap evaluated over an aligned
+// window of WindowSeconds seconds. GroupCap is applied to each
+// source group independently — every group in the policy's
+// SourceGroups gets its own bucket of GroupCap tokens. UserCap
+// applies independently to each individual user. A zero cap means
+// uncapped. WindowSeconds must be at least 60 (one minute) when the
+// limit is enabled.
+type PolicyTokenLimit struct {
+	Enabled       bool  `json:"enabled"`
+	GroupCap      int64 `json:"group_cap"`
+	UserCap       int64 `json:"user_cap"`
+	WindowSeconds int64 `json:"window_seconds"`
+}
+
+// PolicyBudgetLimit is a USD spend cap evaluated over an aligned
+// window of WindowSeconds seconds. GroupCapUsd is applied to each
+// source group independently — every group in the policy's
+// SourceGroups gets its own bucket of GroupCapUsd USD. UserCapUsd
+// applies independently to each individual user. A zero cap means
+// uncapped. WindowSeconds must be at least 60 (one minute) when the
+// limit is enabled.
+type PolicyBudgetLimit struct {
+	Enabled       bool    `json:"enabled"`
+	GroupCapUsd   float64 `json:"group_cap_usd"`
+	UserCapUsd    float64 `json:"user_cap_usd"`
+	WindowSeconds int64   `json:"window_seconds"`
+}
+
+// TableName forces a unique GORM table to avoid collision with the access
+// control Policy type, which also resolves to "policies" by default.
+func (Policy) TableName() string { return "agent_network_policies" }
+
+// NewPolicy returns a new Policy with a freshly minted ID.
+func NewPolicy(accountID string) *Policy {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	return &Policy{
+		ID:        "ainpol_" + xid.New().String(),
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Enabled:   true,
+		CreatedAt: now,
+		UpdatedAt: now,
+	}
+}
+
+// FromAPIRequest applies the request payload onto the receiver.
+func (p *Policy) FromAPIRequest(req *api.AgentNetworkPolicyRequest) {
+	p.Name = req.Name
+	if req.Description != nil {
+		p.Description = *req.Description
+	}
+	if req.Enabled != nil {
+		p.Enabled = *req.Enabled
+	}
+	p.SourceGroups = append([]string(nil), req.SourceGroups...)
+	p.DestinationProviderIDs = append([]string(nil), req.DestinationProviderIds...)
+	if req.GuardrailIds != nil {
+		p.GuardrailIDs = append([]string(nil), (*req.GuardrailIds)...)
+	} else {
+		p.GuardrailIDs = []string{}
+	}
+	if req.Limits != nil {
+		p.Limits = limitsFromAPI(*req.Limits)
+	} else {
+		p.Limits = PolicyLimits{}
+	}
+}
+
+// ToAPIResponse renders the policy as the API representation.
+func (p *Policy) ToAPIResponse() *api.AgentNetworkPolicy {
+	src := p.SourceGroups
+	if src == nil {
+		src = []string{}
+	}
+	dst := p.DestinationProviderIDs
+	if dst == nil {
+		dst = []string{}
+	}
+	guardrails := p.GuardrailIDs
+	if guardrails == nil {
+		guardrails = []string{}
+	}
+	created := p.CreatedAt
+	updated := p.UpdatedAt
+	return &api.AgentNetworkPolicy{
+		Id:                     p.ID,
+		Name:                   p.Name,
+		Description:            p.Description,
+		Enabled:                p.Enabled,
+		SourceGroups:           src,
+		DestinationProviderIds: dst,
+		GuardrailIds:           guardrails,
+		Limits:                 limitsToAPI(p.Limits),
+		CreatedAt:              &created,
+		UpdatedAt:              &updated,
+	}
+}
+
+// Copy returns a deep copy of the policy.
+func (p *Policy) Copy() *Policy {
+	clone := *p
+	if p.SourceGroups != nil {
+		clone.SourceGroups = append([]string(nil), p.SourceGroups...)
+	}
+	if p.DestinationProviderIDs != nil {
+		clone.DestinationProviderIDs = append([]string(nil), p.DestinationProviderIDs...)
+	}
+	if p.GuardrailIDs != nil {
+		clone.GuardrailIDs = append([]string(nil), p.GuardrailIDs...)
+	}
+	return &clone
+}
+
+// EventMeta is the audit-log payload for activity events.
+func (p *Policy) EventMeta() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"name":    p.Name,
+		"enabled": p.Enabled,
+	}
+}
+
+func limitsFromAPI(in api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits) PolicyLimits {
+	return PolicyLimits{
+		TokenLimit: PolicyTokenLimit{
+			Enabled:       in.TokenLimit.Enabled,
+			GroupCap:      in.TokenLimit.GroupCap,
+			UserCap:       in.TokenLimit.UserCap,
+			WindowSeconds: in.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds,
+		},
+		BudgetLimit: PolicyBudgetLimit{
+			Enabled:       in.BudgetLimit.Enabled,
+			GroupCapUsd:   in.BudgetLimit.GroupCapUsd,
+			UserCapUsd:    in.BudgetLimit.UserCapUsd,
+			WindowSeconds: in.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func limitsToAPI(in PolicyLimits) api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits {
+	return api.AgentNetworkPolicyLimits{
+		TokenLimit: api.AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit{
+			Enabled:       in.TokenLimit.Enabled,
+			GroupCap:      in.TokenLimit.GroupCap,
+			UserCap:       in.TokenLimit.UserCap,
+			WindowSeconds: in.TokenLimit.WindowSeconds,
+		},
+		BudgetLimit: api.AgentNetworkPolicyBudgetLimit{
+			Enabled:       in.BudgetLimit.Enabled,
+			GroupCapUsd:   in.BudgetLimit.GroupCapUsd,
+			UserCapUsd:    in.BudgetLimit.UserCapUsd,
+			WindowSeconds: in.BudgetLimit.WindowSeconds,
+		},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/provider.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/provider.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..145c63791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/provider.go
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/crypt"
+)
+
+// ProviderModel is one row in the provider's models list. The operator
+// pins the per-1k input/output price for cost tracking; ID is the
+// model identifier the upstream provider expects on the wire.
+//
+// The three cache rates are pointers because absence is meaningful: nil
+// means "inherit NetBird's default rate for this model" (folded in at
+// synthesis time), while an explicit 0 means "no discount — bill this
+// cache bucket at the input rate".
+type ProviderModel struct {
+	ID          string  `json:"id"`
+	InputPer1k  float64 `json:"input_per_1k"`
+	OutputPer1k float64 `json:"output_per_1k"`
+	// CachedInputPer1k is the OpenAI-shape rate for cached prompt tokens
+	// (a subset of input tokens).
+	CachedInputPer1k *float64 `json:"cached_input_per_1k,omitempty"`
+	// CacheReadPer1k is the Anthropic-shape rate for cache-read tokens
+	// (additive to input tokens).
+	CacheReadPer1k *float64 `json:"cache_read_per_1k,omitempty"`
+	// CacheCreationPer1k is the Anthropic-shape rate for cache-creation
+	// tokens (additive to input tokens).
+	CacheCreationPer1k *float64 `json:"cache_creation_per_1k,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Provider is an Agent Network AI provider record persisted per account.
+// The proxy cluster fronting the account lives on the per-account
+// agent-network Settings row, not on the Provider — every provider in
+// an account routes through the same cluster.
+type Provider struct {
+	ID         string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	AccountID  string `gorm:"index"`
+	ProviderID string `gorm:"index:idx_agent_network_provider"`
+	Name       string
+	// UpstreamURL is the full upstream URL (e.g. https://api.openai.com)
+	// the operator selected.
+	UpstreamURL string `gorm:"column:upstream_url"`
+	APIKey      string `gorm:"column:api_key"`
+	// ExtraValues holds operator-typed values for catalog-declared
+	// ExtraHeaders (see catalog.Provider.ExtraHeaders). Keyed by
+	// header name (e.g. "x-portkey-config"); a non-empty value is
+	// stamped on every upstream request to this provider via the
+	// proxy's identity-inject middleware (anti-spoof Remove + Add).
+	// Empty / missing keys = no header stamped. Stored as a JSON
+	// blob so the schema doesn't grow per-catalog-entry.
+	ExtraValues map[string]string `gorm:"serializer:json;column:extra_values"`
+	// Models is the operator's curated list of models exposed by this
+	// provider together with their per-1k input/output prices (USD).
+	// Empty means all catalog models are allowed at catalog prices.
+	Models  []ProviderModel `gorm:"serializer:json"`
+	Enabled bool
+	// SkipTLSVerification disables upstream TLS certificate verification for
+	// this provider's URL. For self-hosted / internal gateways fronted by a
+	// private or self-signed certificate. The synthesiser propagates it into
+	// the router route so the proxy dials that provider's upstream insecurely.
+	SkipTLSVerification bool `gorm:"column:skip_tls_verification"`
+	// MetadataDisabled suppresses identity metadata injection for this provider.
+	// Metadata (the caller's user + authorizing group) is injected by default;
+	// when true the synthesiser omits the provider's identity-inject shape, so no
+	// user/group headers (e.g. Bedrock's X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata) are
+	// stamped. Catalog ExtraHeaders (routing config) are unaffected.
+	MetadataDisabled bool `gorm:"column:metadata_disabled"`
+	// SessionPrivateKey + SessionPublicKey are the ed25519 keypair the
+	// synthesised reverse-proxy service uses to sign / verify session
+	// JWTs after a successful OIDC handshake. Generated once on
+	// provider create and never rotated by the manager so existing
+	// session cookies survive provider edits. SessionPrivateKey is
+	// encrypted at rest via EncryptSensitiveData /
+	// DecryptSensitiveData; SessionPublicKey is plain.
+	SessionPrivateKey string `gorm:"column:session_private_key"`
+	SessionPublicKey  string `gorm:"column:session_public_key"`
+	// IdentityHeaderUserID + IdentityHeaderGroups are the operator-
+	// chosen wire header names for HeaderPair-style identity
+	// injection on catalog entries that flag the shape as
+	// Customizable (e.g. Bifrost, where the operator picks between
+	// the always-on x-bf-lh- log-metadata family and the
+	// label-declared x-bf-dim- telemetry family). Empty value
+	// disables stamping for that dimension; the inject middleware
+	// already no-ops on empty header names. Catalog entries with
+	// Customizable=false ignore these fields and use the static
+	// header names defined in their HeaderPairInjection block.
+	IdentityHeaderUserID string `gorm:"column:identity_header_user_id"`
+	IdentityHeaderGroups string `gorm:"column:identity_header_groups"`
+	CreatedAt            time.Time
+	UpdatedAt            time.Time
+}
+
+// TableName uses an explicit name so the Agent Network provider rows live
+// in their own table, separate from any future "providers"-named entity.
+func (Provider) TableName() string { return "agent_network_providers" }
+
+// NewProvider returns a new Provider with a freshly minted ID.
+func NewProvider(accountID string) *Provider {
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	return &Provider{
+		ID:        xid.New().String(),
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		CreatedAt: now,
+		UpdatedAt: now,
+	}
+}
+
+// FromAPIRequest applies the request payload onto the receiver. The api_key
+// is only overwritten when the caller provided one — empty/nil leaves the
+// existing key intact, so updates can omit it.
+func (p *Provider) FromAPIRequest(req *api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest) {
+	p.ProviderID = req.ProviderId
+	p.Name = req.Name
+	p.UpstreamURL = req.UpstreamUrl
+	if req.ApiKey != nil && strings.TrimSpace(*req.ApiKey) != "" {
+		p.APIKey = *req.ApiKey
+	}
+	if req.ExtraValues != nil {
+		// Replace the whole map (rather than merge) so unsetting a
+		// value on the dashboard actually clears it. Empty strings
+		// are dropped so we don't waste a row on no-op values.
+		next := make(map[string]string, len(*req.ExtraValues))
+		for k, v := range *req.ExtraValues {
+			v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+			if v != "" {
+				next[k] = v
+			}
+		}
+		if len(next) == 0 {
+			p.ExtraValues = nil
+		} else {
+			p.ExtraValues = next
+		}
+	}
+	p.Models = p.Models[:0]
+	if req.Models != nil {
+		for _, m := range *req.Models {
+			p.Models = append(p.Models, ProviderModel{
+				ID:                 m.Id,
+				InputPer1k:         m.InputPer1k,
+				OutputPer1k:        m.OutputPer1k,
+				CachedInputPer1k:   copyFloatPtr(m.CachedInputPer1k),
+				CacheReadPer1k:     copyFloatPtr(m.CacheReadPer1k),
+				CacheCreationPer1k: copyFloatPtr(m.CacheCreationPer1k),
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	if p.Models == nil {
+		p.Models = []ProviderModel{}
+	}
+	if req.Enabled != nil {
+		p.Enabled = *req.Enabled
+	}
+	if req.SkipTlsVerification != nil {
+		p.SkipTLSVerification = *req.SkipTlsVerification
+	}
+	if req.MetadataDisabled != nil {
+		p.MetadataDisabled = *req.MetadataDisabled
+	}
+	// Identity-header overrides for catalogs flagged Customizable.
+	// Empty or omitted disables stamping for this dimension.
+	if req.IdentityHeaderUserId != nil {
+		p.IdentityHeaderUserID = strings.TrimSpace(*req.IdentityHeaderUserId)
+	}
+	if req.IdentityHeaderGroups != nil {
+		p.IdentityHeaderGroups = strings.TrimSpace(*req.IdentityHeaderGroups)
+	}
+}
+
+// ToAPIResponse renders the provider as the API representation. The API
+// key is intentionally never surfaced.
+// RedactedForViewer returns a copy with the connection configuration
+// blanked: upstream URL, operator-typed extra header values, identity
+// header names, the TLS-verification override, and (defence in depth —
+// they never reach the wire anyway) the sealed credentials. Read-only
+// viewers such as usage_viewer only need the display surface — id,
+// catalog id, name, enabled state, and the model list the usage filters
+// resolve against — so their responses carry nothing about how the
+// operator connects to the vendor.
+func (p *Provider) RedactedForViewer() *Provider {
+	c := *p
+	c.UpstreamURL = ""
+	c.APIKey = ""
+	c.ExtraValues = nil
+	c.IdentityHeaderUserID = ""
+	c.IdentityHeaderGroups = ""
+	c.SkipTLSVerification = false
+	c.SessionPrivateKey = ""
+	return &c
+}
+
+func (p *Provider) ToAPIResponse() *api.AgentNetworkProvider {
+	models := make([]api.AgentNetworkProviderModel, 0, len(p.Models))
+	for _, m := range p.Models {
+		models = append(models, api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{
+			Id:                 m.ID,
+			InputPer1k:         m.InputPer1k,
+			OutputPer1k:        m.OutputPer1k,
+			CachedInputPer1k:   copyFloatPtr(m.CachedInputPer1k),
+			CacheReadPer1k:     copyFloatPtr(m.CacheReadPer1k),
+			CacheCreationPer1k: copyFloatPtr(m.CacheCreationPer1k),
+		})
+	}
+	created := p.CreatedAt
+	updated := p.UpdatedAt
+	resp := &api.AgentNetworkProvider{
+		Id:          p.ID,
+		ProviderId:  p.ProviderID,
+		Name:        p.Name,
+		UpstreamUrl: p.UpstreamURL,
+		Models:      models,
+		// Always present on the wire so an explicitly cleared header
+		// round-trips as "" instead of vanishing from the response.
+		IdentityHeaderUserId: p.IdentityHeaderUserID,
+		IdentityHeaderGroups: p.IdentityHeaderGroups,
+		Enabled:              p.Enabled,
+		SkipTlsVerification:  p.SkipTLSVerification,
+		MetadataDisabled:     p.MetadataDisabled,
+		CreatedAt:            &created,
+		UpdatedAt:            &updated,
+	}
+	if len(p.ExtraValues) > 0 {
+		out := make(map[string]string, len(p.ExtraValues))
+		for k, v := range p.ExtraValues {
+			out[k] = v
+		}
+		resp.ExtraValues = &out
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+// copyFloatPtr returns a fresh pointer to the same value, or nil. Keeps
+// stored models and API payloads from aliasing each other's rate fields.
+func copyFloatPtr(v *float64) *float64 {
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := *v
+	return &out
+}
+
+// Copy returns a deep copy of the provider.
+func (p *Provider) Copy() *Provider {
+	clone := *p
+	if p.Models != nil {
+		clone.Models = make([]ProviderModel, len(p.Models))
+		for i, m := range p.Models {
+			m.CachedInputPer1k = copyFloatPtr(m.CachedInputPer1k)
+			m.CacheReadPer1k = copyFloatPtr(m.CacheReadPer1k)
+			m.CacheCreationPer1k = copyFloatPtr(m.CacheCreationPer1k)
+			clone.Models[i] = m
+		}
+	}
+	if p.ExtraValues != nil {
+		clone.ExtraValues = make(map[string]string, len(p.ExtraValues))
+		for k, v := range p.ExtraValues {
+			clone.ExtraValues[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return &clone
+}
+
+// EventMeta is the audit-log payload for activity events.
+func (p *Provider) EventMeta() map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"name":        p.Name,
+		"provider_id": p.ProviderID,
+	}
+}
+
+// EncryptSensitiveData encrypts the upstream API key and the session
+// signing key in place.
+func (p *Provider) EncryptSensitiveData(enc *crypt.FieldEncrypt) error {
+	if enc == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if p.APIKey != "" {
+		encrypted, err := enc.Encrypt(p.APIKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("encrypt agent network provider api key: %w", err)
+		}
+		p.APIKey = encrypted
+	}
+	if p.SessionPrivateKey != "" {
+		encrypted, err := enc.Encrypt(p.SessionPrivateKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("encrypt agent network provider session key: %w", err)
+		}
+		p.SessionPrivateKey = encrypted
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DecryptSensitiveData decrypts the upstream API key and the session
+// signing key in place.
+func (p *Provider) DecryptSensitiveData(enc *crypt.FieldEncrypt) error {
+	if enc == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if p.APIKey != "" {
+		decrypted, err := enc.Decrypt(p.APIKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrypt agent network provider api key: %w", err)
+		}
+		p.APIKey = decrypted
+	}
+	if p.SessionPrivateKey != "" {
+		decrypted, err := enc.Decrypt(p.SessionPrivateKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("decrypt agent network provider session key: %w", err)
+		}
+		p.SessionPrivateKey = decrypted
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/provider_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/provider_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd553ece2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/provider_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// TestProvider_SkipTLSVerification_RoundTrip covers the request→provider→
+// response mapping of skip_tls_verification, including the update semantics
+// (nil pointer preserves, explicit false clears).
+func TestProvider_SkipTLSVerification_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	enable := true
+	disable := false
+
+	base := func() *api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest {
+		return &api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+			ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+			Name:        "internal",
+			UpstreamUrl: "https://gw.internal",
+		}
+	}
+
+	p := NewProvider("acc-1")
+
+	req := base()
+	req.SkipTlsVerification = &enable
+	p.FromAPIRequest(req)
+	assert.True(t, p.SkipTLSVerification, "create with skip_tls_verification=true must set the field")
+	assert.True(t, p.ToAPIResponse().SkipTlsVerification, "response must surface skip_tls_verification")
+
+	// Omitting the field on update leaves the stored value untouched.
+	p.FromAPIRequest(base())
+	assert.True(t, p.SkipTLSVerification, "omitting skip_tls_verification on update must preserve it")
+
+	// Explicit false clears it.
+	req = base()
+	req.SkipTlsVerification = &disable
+	p.FromAPIRequest(req)
+	assert.False(t, p.SkipTLSVerification, "explicit false must clear skip_tls_verification")
+	assert.False(t, p.ToAPIResponse().SkipTlsVerification, "response must reflect the cleared value")
+}
+
+// TestProvider_MetadataDisabled_RoundTrip covers the request→provider→response
+// mapping of metadata_disabled, with the same update semantics: nil preserves,
+// explicit false clears.
+func TestProvider_MetadataDisabled_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	enable := true
+	disable := false
+
+	base := func() *api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest {
+		return &api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+			ProviderId:  "bedrock_api",
+			Name:        "bedrock",
+			UpstreamUrl: "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+		}
+	}
+
+	p := NewProvider("acc-1")
+
+	req := base()
+	req.MetadataDisabled = &enable
+	p.FromAPIRequest(req)
+	assert.True(t, p.MetadataDisabled, "create with metadata_disabled=true must set the field")
+	assert.True(t, p.ToAPIResponse().MetadataDisabled, "response must surface metadata_disabled")
+
+	// Omitting the field on update leaves the stored value untouched.
+	p.FromAPIRequest(base())
+	assert.True(t, p.MetadataDisabled, "omitting metadata_disabled on update must preserve it")
+
+	// Explicit false clears it (re-enables metadata).
+	req = base()
+	req.MetadataDisabled = &disable
+	p.FromAPIRequest(req)
+	assert.False(t, p.MetadataDisabled, "explicit false must clear metadata_disabled")
+	assert.False(t, p.ToAPIResponse().MetadataDisabled, "response must reflect the cleared value")
+}
+
+// TestProvider_IdentityHeaders_AlwaysOnWire pins that the identity header
+// fields are always present in the API response — an explicitly cleared
+// ("") header must round-trip as "" rather than vanish, so API consumers
+// (e.g. the Terraform provider) never observe a value other than the one
+// they wrote.
+func TestProvider_IdentityHeaders_AlwaysOnWire(t *testing.T) {
+	set := "x-bf-dim-netbird_user_id"
+	empty := ""
+
+	base := func() *api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest {
+		return &api.AgentNetworkProviderRequest{
+			ProviderId:  "custom",
+			Name:        "bifrost",
+			UpstreamUrl: "https://bifrost.internal",
+		}
+	}
+
+	p := NewProvider("acc-1")
+	resp := p.ToAPIResponse()
+	assert.Equal(t, "", resp.IdentityHeaderUserId, "unset header must surface as empty string, not be omitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "", resp.IdentityHeaderGroups, "unset header must surface as empty string, not be omitted")
+
+	req := base()
+	req.IdentityHeaderUserId = &set
+	p.FromAPIRequest(req)
+	assert.Equal(t, set, p.ToAPIResponse().IdentityHeaderUserId, "configured header must round-trip")
+
+	// Omitting the field preserves it.
+	p.FromAPIRequest(base())
+	assert.Equal(t, set, p.ToAPIResponse().IdentityHeaderUserId, "omitted header must preserve the stored value")
+
+	// An explicit "" clears it AND stays visible on the wire.
+	req = base()
+	req.IdentityHeaderUserId = &empty
+	p.FromAPIRequest(req)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", p.ToAPIResponse().IdentityHeaderUserId, "cleared header must round-trip as empty string")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/settings.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/settings.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70ecc5f70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/settings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// DefaultAccessLogRetentionDays is the retention applied to new accounts'
+// agent-network access logs. Usage records are not subject to this — they are
+// the long-term aggregate and are retained independently.
+const DefaultAccessLogRetentionDays = 30
+
+// Settings is the per-account agent-network configuration row. One row per
+// account. Domain and ProxyAddress are assigned at bootstrap and immutable
+// thereafter; a persisted row is always fully allocated — there is no "row
+// exists, endpoint pending" state.
+type Settings struct {
+	AccountID string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+
+	// Domain is the gateway endpoint hostname agents call. Globally unique
+	// across accounts. Sized explicitly because MySQL cannot index an
+	// unbounded TEXT column; 255 covers the RFC 1035 253-octet bound.
+	Domain string `gorm:"type:varchar(255);uniqueIndex:idx_agent_network_settings_domain"`
+
+	// ProxyAddress is the declared cluster address of the proxy serving this
+	// account's gateway. Either equal to Domain — a proxy dedicated to this
+	// account, declaring the tenant's own hostname — or Domain's immediate
+	// parent, with the endpoint one label beneath it on a shared cluster.
+	ProxyAddress string `gorm:"type:varchar(255);index:idx_agent_network_settings_proxy_address"`
+
+	// Account-level collection controls sourced by the synthesizer.
+	// EnableLogCollection gates the per-request access-log trail and defaults
+	// ON for new accounts. EnablePromptCollection is the master gate for
+	// request/response prompt capture (AND-gated with the policy-level
+	// guardrail). RedactPii enables PII redaction on captured prompts;
+	// effective redaction is account OR policy.
+	EnableLogCollection    bool
+	EnablePromptCollection bool
+	RedactPii              bool
+
+	// AccessLogRetentionDays bounds how long full access-log rows are kept; a
+	// periodic sweep deletes older rows. <= 0 means keep indefinitely. Usage
+	// records are unaffected.
+	AccessLogRetentionDays int
+
+	CreatedAt time.Time
+	UpdatedAt time.Time
+}
+
+// TableName puts the rows in their own table to keep the agent-network
+// schema cohesive.
+func (Settings) TableName() string { return "agent_network_settings" }
+
+// DefaultSettings returns the settings an account observes before its row is
+// bootstrapped: log collection on with the default retention, everything else
+// off, and no domain or proxy address assigned yet. Bootstrap persists exactly
+// these values plus the assigned domain and proxy address, so the
+// pre-bootstrap read and the freshly bootstrapped row agree.
+func DefaultSettings(accountID string) *Settings {
+	return &Settings{
+		AccountID:              accountID,
+		EnableLogCollection:    true,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: DefaultAccessLogRetentionDays,
+	}
+}
+
+// Endpoint returns the bare hostname agents reach this account at — the
+// Domain column. Empty until the row is bootstrapped.
+func (s *Settings) Endpoint() string { return s.Domain }
+
+// Dedicated reports whether the account's gateway is served by a proxy
+// dedicated to it — the self-addressed shape, where the serving proxy declares
+// the endpoint hostname itself. The alternative (labeled) shape has the
+// endpoint one label beneath a shared cluster's address.
+func (s *Settings) Dedicated() bool { return s.Domain != "" && s.Domain == s.ProxyAddress }
+
+// ToAPIResponse renders the settings as the API representation. The
+// timestamps are omitted while zero — a default (not yet bootstrapped) view
+// has no persisted row to date.
+func (s *Settings) ToAPIResponse() *api.AgentNetworkSettings {
+	retention := s.AccessLogRetentionDays
+	resp := &api.AgentNetworkSettings{
+		Endpoint:               s.Endpoint(),
+		ProxyAddress:           s.ProxyAddress,
+		Dedicated:              s.Dedicated(),
+		EnableLogCollection:    s.EnableLogCollection,
+		EnablePromptCollection: s.EnablePromptCollection,
+		RedactPii:              s.RedactPii,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: &retention,
+	}
+	if !s.CreatedAt.IsZero() {
+		created := s.CreatedAt
+		resp.CreatedAt = &created
+	}
+	if !s.UpdatedAt.IsZero() {
+		updated := s.UpdatedAt
+		resp.UpdatedAt = &updated
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+// FromAPIRequest applies the update request onto the receiver: every mutable
+// field is replaced with the request value, and the identity fields (Domain,
+// ProxyAddress) carry the request's echo of the assigned values. The identity
+// fields are never written to the stored row — UpdateSettings compares them
+// against it and rejects the request when they differ, so PUT keeps the
+// house convention of requiring every field while the endpoint and proxy
+// address stay immutable.
+//
+// Every field is required by the schema, so none is presence-sensitive.
+// AccessLogRetentionDays in particular must stay required: the caller receives
+// a zero-valued Settings, and UpdateSettings copies each field onto the stored
+// row unconditionally, so an omitted value would be written as 0 — which the
+// API documents as "keep indefinitely". Making retention optional would
+// therefore let a client silently maximise log retention by leaving it out.
+func (s *Settings) FromAPIRequest(req *api.AgentNetworkSettingsRequest) {
+	s.Domain = req.Endpoint
+	s.ProxyAddress = req.ProxyAddress
+	s.EnableLogCollection = req.EnableLogCollection
+	s.EnablePromptCollection = req.EnablePromptCollection
+	s.RedactPii = req.RedactPii
+	s.AccessLogRetentionDays = req.AccessLogRetentionDays
+}
+
+// FromAPICreateRequest applies the optional collection toggles of a bootstrap
+// request onto the receiver (typically DefaultSettings), leaving defaults in
+// place for omitted fields. The identity fields are resolved by the manager
+// from the request's proxy_address / endpoint, not copied here.
+func (s *Settings) FromAPICreateRequest(req *api.AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest) {
+	if req.EnableLogCollection != nil {
+		s.EnableLogCollection = *req.EnableLogCollection
+	}
+	if req.EnablePromptCollection != nil {
+		s.EnablePromptCollection = *req.EnablePromptCollection
+	}
+	if req.RedactPii != nil {
+		s.RedactPii = *req.RedactPii
+	}
+	if req.AccessLogRetentionDays != nil {
+		s.AccessLogRetentionDays = *req.AccessLogRetentionDays
+	}
+}
+
+// maxHostnameLength is the RFC 1035 bound on a full domain name.
+const maxHostnameLength = 253
+
+// NormalizeHostname lowercases and trims a caller-supplied hostname and
+// validates its shape: non-empty DNS labels of letters, digits and inner
+// hyphens, joined by single dots, within length bounds. Shapes that
+// canonicalization cannot repair — leading/trailing dots, empty labels,
+// whitespace inside the name — are rejected rather than guessed at, because
+// the value lands in an immutable column.
+func NormalizeHostname(raw string) (string, error) {
+	hostname := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
+	if hostname == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("hostname is empty")
+	}
+	if len(hostname) > maxHostnameLength {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("hostname exceeds %d characters", maxHostnameLength)
+	}
+	for _, label := range strings.Split(hostname, ".") {
+		if err := validateHostnameLabel(label); err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid hostname %q: %w", hostname, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return hostname, nil
+}
+
+func validateHostnameLabel(label string) error {
+	if label == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("empty label (leading, trailing or doubled dot)")
+	}
+	if len(label) > 63 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("label %q exceeds 63 characters", label)
+	}
+	if label[0] == '-' || label[len(label)-1] == '-' {
+		return fmt.Errorf("label %q must not start or end with a hyphen", label)
+	}
+	for _, r := range label {
+		switch {
+		case r >= 'a' && r <= 'z':
+		case r >= '0' && r <= '9':
+		case r == '-':
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("label %q contains invalid character %q", label, r)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/usage.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/usage.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..658fa8e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/usage.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"time"
+)
+
+// AgentNetworkUsage is the stripped, always-collected per-request usage record
+// powering the Usage overview. Unlike AgentNetworkAccessLog it carries no
+// request detail (host/path/source IP/prompt) — only the dimensions needed to
+// aggregate and filter spend by user / group / provider / model over time.
+//
+// It is written unconditionally on every served agent-network request,
+// independent of the account's EnableLogCollection toggle: when log collection
+// is off the proxy ships a stripped, usage-only entry and management still
+// records the usage row (but skips the full AgentNetworkAccessLog row).
+type AgentNetworkUsage struct {
+	ID                 string    `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	AccountID          string    `gorm:"index"`
+	Timestamp          time.Time `gorm:"index"`
+	UserID             string    `gorm:"index"`
+	ResolvedProviderID string    `gorm:"index"`
+	Provider           string    // vendor, e.g. "openai"
+	Model              string    `gorm:"index"`
+	SessionID          string    `gorm:"index"` // llm.session_id — groups a conversation / coding session
+	InputTokens        int64
+	OutputTokens       int64
+	TotalTokens        int64
+	// Prompt-cache buckets: read + write token counts.
+	CachedInputTokens   int64
+	CacheCreationTokens int64
+	// Per-bucket cost breakdown, mirroring AgentNetworkAccessLog — the only
+	// cost state stored; total and cache portion are derived on read. Kept on
+	// the usage ledger too so spend can be attributed per bucket even for
+	// accounts with log collection turned off. See AgentNetworkAccessLog for
+	// why the columns carry a zero default.
+	InputCostUSD         float64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
+	CachedInputCostUSD   float64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
+	CacheCreationCostUSD float64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
+	OutputCostUSD        float64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
+	CreatedAt            time.Time
+}
+
+// TableName keeps usage records in their own stripped table. Named
+// distinctly (…_request_usage) to avoid colliding with any pre-existing
+// agent_network_usage table in a shared database.
+func (AgentNetworkUsage) TableName() string { return "agent_network_request_usage" }
+
+// TotalCostUSD is the request's total cost: the sum of the four per-bucket
+// costs. Derived rather than stored so it cannot disagree with the breakdown.
+func (u *AgentNetworkUsage) TotalCostUSD() float64 {
+	return u.InputCostUSD + u.CachedInputCostUSD + u.CacheCreationCostUSD + u.OutputCostUSD
+}
+
+// CacheCostUSD is the portion of the total billed for prompt-cache buckets.
+func (u *AgentNetworkUsage) CacheCostUSD() float64 {
+	return u.CachedInputCostUSD + u.CacheCreationCostUSD
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkUsageGroup is the normalised many-to-many row linking a usage
+// record to one authorising group, mirroring AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup so the
+// usage overview can filter by group with a `group_id IN (...)` join.
+type AgentNetworkUsageGroup struct {
+	UsageID   string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	GroupID   string `gorm:"primaryKey;index"`
+	AccountID string `gorm:"index"`
+}
+
+// TableName names the usage group child table.
+func (AgentNetworkUsageGroup) TableName() string { return "agent_network_request_usage_group" }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/usageoverview.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/usageoverview.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81e02c6b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types/usageoverview.go
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// UsageGranularity is the time-bucket width for the usage overview. New values
+// can be added here and handled in bucketStart without touching the store.
+type UsageGranularity string
+
+const (
+	UsageGranularityDay   UsageGranularity = "day"
+	UsageGranularityWeek  UsageGranularity = "week"
+	UsageGranularityMonth UsageGranularity = "month"
+)
+
+// ParseUsageGranularity maps the API query value to a granularity, defaulting
+// to day for empty/unknown input.
+func ParseUsageGranularity(s string) UsageGranularity {
+	switch UsageGranularity(s) {
+	case UsageGranularityWeek:
+		return UsageGranularityWeek
+	case UsageGranularityMonth:
+		return UsageGranularityMonth
+	default:
+		return UsageGranularityDay
+	}
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkUsageBucket is one aggregated usage time bucket. PeriodStart is
+// the UTC start of the bucket as YYYY-MM-DD.
+type AgentNetworkUsageBucket struct {
+	PeriodStart          string
+	InputTokens          int64
+	OutputTokens         int64
+	TotalTokens          int64
+	CachedInputTokens    int64
+	CacheCreationTokens  int64
+	InputCostUSD         float64
+	CachedInputCostUSD   float64
+	CacheCreationCostUSD float64
+	OutputCostUSD        float64
+}
+
+// TotalCostUSD is the bucket's total spend: the sum of the four per-bucket
+// costs. Derived rather than accumulated separately so it cannot disagree with
+// the components.
+func (b *AgentNetworkUsageBucket) TotalCostUSD() float64 {
+	return b.InputCostUSD + b.CachedInputCostUSD + b.CacheCreationCostUSD + b.OutputCostUSD
+}
+
+// CacheCostUSD is the bucket's prompt-cache spend: cache reads plus writes.
+func (b *AgentNetworkUsageBucket) CacheCostUSD() float64 {
+	return b.CachedInputCostUSD + b.CacheCreationCostUSD
+}
+
+// ToAPIResponse renders the bucket as the API representation.
+func (b *AgentNetworkUsageBucket) ToAPIResponse() api.AgentNetworkUsageBucket {
+	return api.AgentNetworkUsageBucket{
+		PeriodStart:          b.PeriodStart,
+		InputTokens:          b.InputTokens,
+		OutputTokens:         b.OutputTokens,
+		TotalTokens:          b.TotalTokens,
+		CachedInputTokens:    b.CachedInputTokens,
+		CacheCreationTokens:  b.CacheCreationTokens,
+		InputCostUsd:         b.InputCostUSD,
+		CachedInputCostUsd:   b.CachedInputCostUSD,
+		CacheCreationCostUsd: b.CacheCreationCostUSD,
+		OutputCostUsd:        b.OutputCostUSD,
+		CostUsd:              b.TotalCostUSD(),
+		CacheCostUsd:         b.CacheCostUSD(),
+	}
+}
+
+// bucketStart truncates t (in UTC) to the start of its bucket for the given
+// granularity. Week buckets start on Monday (ISO week).
+func bucketStart(t time.Time, g UsageGranularity) time.Time {
+	t = t.UTC()
+	switch g {
+	case UsageGranularityWeek:
+		// Monday-start week. time.Weekday: Sunday=0..Saturday=6.
+		offset := (int(t.Weekday()) + 6) % 7
+		day := time.Date(t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+		return day.AddDate(0, 0, -offset)
+	case UsageGranularityMonth:
+		return time.Date(t.Year(), t.Month(), 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	default: // day
+		return time.Date(t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	}
+}
+
+// AggregateUsageByGranularity buckets the usage rows by the requested
+// granularity and returns the buckets ordered oldest-first. Aggregation is done
+// in Go (rather than per-engine SQL date_trunc) so granularities stay portable
+// across SQLite/Postgres/MySQL and easy to extend.
+func AggregateUsageByGranularity(rows []*AgentNetworkUsage, g UsageGranularity) []*AgentNetworkUsageBucket {
+	byPeriod := make(map[string]*AgentNetworkUsageBucket)
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		key := bucketStart(r.Timestamp, g).Format("2006-01-02")
+		b := byPeriod[key]
+		if b == nil {
+			b = &AgentNetworkUsageBucket{PeriodStart: key}
+			byPeriod[key] = b
+		}
+		b.InputTokens += r.InputTokens
+		b.OutputTokens += r.OutputTokens
+		b.TotalTokens += r.TotalTokens
+		b.CachedInputTokens += r.CachedInputTokens
+		b.CacheCreationTokens += r.CacheCreationTokens
+		b.InputCostUSD += r.InputCostUSD
+		b.CachedInputCostUSD += r.CachedInputCostUSD
+		b.CacheCreationCostUSD += r.CacheCreationCostUSD
+		b.OutputCostUSD += r.OutputCostUSD
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*AgentNetworkUsageBucket, 0, len(byPeriod))
+	for _, b := range byPeriod {
+		out = append(out, b)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i].PeriodStart < out[j].PeriodStart })
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/wire_shape_test.go b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/wire_shape_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8877731e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/wire_shape_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package agentnetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// TestSynthesizedService_WireShape locks down the proto shape that
+// flows from the synthesizer through ToProtoMapping to the proxy.
+// Drift between this test and what the proxy expects manifests as
+// "service not matching" — the proxy receives a mapping but can't
+// register an SNI/HTTP route from it.
+func TestSynthesizedService_WireShape(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+
+	provider := newSynthTestProvider()
+	policy := newSynthTestPolicy(provider.ID, "grp-eng", "")
+
+	expectSynthBaseInputs(mockStore, ctx, newSynthTestSettings(),
+		[]*types.Provider{provider},
+		[]*types.Policy{policy},
+		[]*types.Guardrail{})
+
+	services, err := SynthesizeServices(ctx, mockStore, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1)
+
+	svc := services[0]
+	mapping := svc.ToProtoMapping(rpservice.Create, "test-token", proxy.OIDCValidationConfig{})
+
+	// Identifiers — account-scoped service ID, settings-derived domain.
+	assert.Equal(t, "agent-net-svc-acct-1", mapping.GetId(), "stable account-scoped virtual service ID")
+	assert.Equal(t, testAccountID, mapping.GetAccountId(), "account id round-trips")
+	assert.Equal(t, testEndpoint, mapping.GetDomain(), "domain matches settings.Endpoint() output")
+
+	// Mode + listen port — addMapping at proxy/server.go switches on Mode.
+	assert.Equal(t, "http", mapping.GetMode(), "synthesised services are HTTP mode")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(0), mapping.GetListenPort(), "no custom listen port for HTTP services")
+
+	// Auth token + private/tunnel shape: agent-network endpoints authenticate
+	// inbound agents via ValidateTunnelPeer against AccessGroups, not OIDC.
+	assert.Equal(t, "test-token", mapping.GetAuthToken(), "auth token round-trips for proxy CreateProxyPeer")
+	assert.True(t, mapping.GetPrivate(), "synthesised services are private (tunnel-peer auth via AccessGroups)")
+	require.NotNil(t, mapping.GetAuth(), "auth payload carries the session key")
+	assert.False(t, mapping.GetAuth().GetOidc(), "OIDC is off for tunnel-auth agent-network services")
+
+	// Path mappings — proxy/server.go::setupHTTPMapping early-returns when
+	// len(mapping.GetPath()) == 0, so this is a critical assertion.
+	require.Len(t, mapping.GetPath(), 1, "exactly one path mapping for the cluster target")
+	pm := mapping.GetPath()[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "/", pm.GetPath(), "default path is '/'")
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://noop.invalid/", pm.GetTarget(),
+		"target URL is the placeholder; the router middleware rewrites it per request")
+	require.NotNil(t, pm.GetOptions(), "target options must be populated so direct_upstream + middleware chain reach the proxy")
+	assert.True(t, pm.GetOptions().GetDirectUpstream(), "synth targets imply direct_upstream so the proxy dials via the host stack")
+	assert.True(t, pm.GetOptions().GetAgentNetwork(), "agent_network flag must travel on the wire so the proxy can tag access logs")
+
+	mws := pm.GetOptions().GetMiddlewares()
+	require.Len(t, mws, 8, "eight middlewares reach the proxy: request_parser, router, limit_check, identity_inject, guardrail, limit_record, cost_meter, response_parser")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMRequestParser, mws[0].GetId(), "first middleware id")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, mws[0].GetSlot(), "request parser slot")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMRouter, mws[1].GetId(), "second middleware id")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, mws[1].GetSlot(), "router slot")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, mws[1].GetConfigJson(), "router config must travel on the wire")
+	var routerCfg routerConfig
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(mws[1].GetConfigJson(), &routerCfg), "router config decodes")
+	require.Len(t, routerCfg.Providers, 1, "the only enabled provider reaches the router")
+	assert.Equal(t, provider.ID, routerCfg.Providers[0].ID, "router provider id matches synth provider")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Bearer sk-test-key", routerCfg.Providers[0].AuthHeaderValue,
+		"openai catalog template substitutes the API key on the wire")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMLimitCheck, mws[2].GetId(),
+		"limit_check runs after the router so the resolved provider id is available, before identity_inject so a deny doesn't pay the header-stamp cost")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, mws[2].GetSlot())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMIdentityInject, mws[3].GetId(), "fourth middleware id")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, mws[3].GetSlot(), "identity inject slot")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, mws[3].GetConfigJson(), "identity inject config JSON must travel on the wire")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMGuardrail, mws[4].GetId(), "fifth middleware id")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, mws[4].GetSlot(), "guardrail slot")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, mws[4].GetConfigJson(), "guardrail middleware config JSON must travel on the wire")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMLimitRecord, mws[5].GetId(),
+		"limit_record sits FIRST in the response section so it RUNS LAST at runtime — slot order on the response leg is reverse-of-slice")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE, mws[5].GetSlot())
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDCostMeter, mws[6].GetId(), "seventh middleware id")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE, mws[6].GetSlot(), "cost meter slot")
+	var costCfg costMeterConfig
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(mws[6].GetConfigJson(), &costCfg), "cost meter config JSON must decode from the wire")
+	require.NotNil(t, costCfg.Pricing, "the pricing table must travel on the wire — the proxy has no embedded price list to fall back to")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, costCfg.Pricing.Defaults["openai"], "default table rides in every mapping")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, costCfg.Pricing.Defaults["anthropic"], "default table covers all surfaces")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, costCfg.Pricing.Defaults["bedrock"], "default table covers all surfaces")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middlewareIDLLMResponseParser, mws[7].GetId(), "eighth middleware id")
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE, mws[7].GetSlot(), "response parser slot")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager/ephemeral.go b/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager/ephemeral.go
index 758f643d0..7867d6579 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager/ephemeral.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager/ephemeral.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 )
@@ -47,6 +48,11 @@ type EphemeralManager struct {
 
 	lifeTime      time.Duration
 	cleanupWindow time.Duration
+
+	// metrics is nil-safe; methods on telemetry.EphemeralPeersMetrics
+	// no-op when the receiver is nil so deployments without an app
+	// metrics provider work unchanged.
+	metrics *telemetry.EphemeralPeersMetrics
 }
 
 // NewEphemeralManager instantiate new EphemeralManager
@@ -60,6 +66,15 @@ func NewEphemeralManager(store store.Store, peersManager peers.Manager) *Ephemer
 	}
 }
 
+// SetMetrics attaches a metrics collector. Safe to call once before
+// LoadInitialPeers; later attachment is fine but earlier loads won't be
+// reflected in the gauge. Pass nil to detach.
+func (e *EphemeralManager) SetMetrics(m *telemetry.EphemeralPeersMetrics) {
+	e.peersLock.Lock()
+	e.metrics = m
+	e.peersLock.Unlock()
+}
+
 // LoadInitialPeers load from the database the ephemeral type of peers and schedule a cleanup procedure to the head
 // of the linked list (to the most deprecated peer). At the end of cleanup it schedules the next cleanup to the new
 // head.
@@ -97,7 +112,9 @@ func (e *EphemeralManager) OnPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Pee
 	e.peersLock.Lock()
 	defer e.peersLock.Unlock()
 
-	e.removePeer(peer.ID)
+	if e.removePeer(peer.ID) {
+		e.metrics.DecPending(1)
+	}
 
 	// stop the unnecessary timer
 	if e.headPeer == nil && e.timer != nil {
@@ -123,6 +140,7 @@ func (e *EphemeralManager) OnPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.
 	}
 
 	e.addPeer(peer.AccountID, peer.ID, e.newDeadLine())
+	e.metrics.IncPending()
 	if e.timer == nil {
 		delay := e.headPeer.deadline.Sub(timeNow()) + e.cleanupWindow
 		if delay < 0 {
@@ -145,6 +163,7 @@ func (e *EphemeralManager) loadEphemeralPeers(ctx context.Context) {
 	for _, p := range peers {
 		e.addPeer(p.AccountID, p.ID, t)
 	}
+	e.metrics.AddPending(int64(len(peers)))
 
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("loaded ephemeral peer(s): %d", len(peers))
 }
@@ -181,17 +200,29 @@ func (e *EphemeralManager) cleanup(ctx context.Context) {
 
 	e.peersLock.Unlock()
 
+	// Drop the gauge by the number of entries we just took off the list,
+	// regardless of whether the subsequent DeletePeers call succeeds. The
+	// list invariant is what the gauge tracks; failed delete batches are
+	// counted separately via CountCleanupError so we can still see them.
+	if len(deletePeers) > 0 {
+		e.metrics.CountCleanupRun()
+		e.metrics.DecPending(int64(len(deletePeers)))
+	}
+
 	peerIDsPerAccount := make(map[string][]string)
 	for id, p := range deletePeers {
 		peerIDsPerAccount[p.accountID] = append(peerIDsPerAccount[p.accountID], id)
 	}
 
 	for accountID, peerIDs := range peerIDsPerAccount {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("cleanup: deleting %d ephemeral peers for account %s", len(peerIDs), accountID)
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("cleanup: deleting %d ephemeral peers for account %s: %s", len(peerIDs), accountID, peerIDs)
 		err := e.peersManager.DeletePeers(ctx, accountID, peerIDs, activity.SystemInitiator, true)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete ephemeral peers: %s", err)
+			e.metrics.CountCleanupError()
+			continue
 		}
+		e.metrics.CountPeersCleaned(int64(len(peerIDs)))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -211,9 +242,12 @@ func (e *EphemeralManager) addPeer(accountID string, peerID string, deadline tim
 	e.tailPeer = ep
 }
 
-func (e *EphemeralManager) removePeer(id string) {
+// removePeer drops the entry from the linked list. Returns true if a
+// matching entry was found and removed so callers can keep the pending
+// metric gauge in sync.
+func (e *EphemeralManager) removePeer(id string) bool {
 	if e.headPeer == nil {
-		return
+		return false
 	}
 
 	if e.headPeer.id == id {
@@ -221,7 +255,7 @@ func (e *EphemeralManager) removePeer(id string) {
 		if e.tailPeer.id == id {
 			e.tailPeer = nil
 		}
-		return
+		return true
 	}
 
 	for p := e.headPeer; p.next != nil; p = p.next {
@@ -231,9 +265,10 @@ func (e *EphemeralManager) removePeer(id string) {
 				e.tailPeer = p
 			}
 			p.next = p.next.next
-			return
+			return true
 		}
 	}
+	return false
 }
 
 func (e *EphemeralManager) isPeerOnList(id string) bool {
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager/ephemeral_test.go b/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager/ephemeral_test.go
index fc3010dd1..1b64c447a 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager/ephemeral_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager/ephemeral_test.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func (a *MockAccountManager) GetDeletePeerCalls() int {
 	return a.deletePeerCalls
 }
 
-func (a *MockAccountManager) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
+func (a *MockAccountManager) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) {
 	a.mu.Lock()
 	defer a.mu.Unlock()
 	if a.bufferUpdateCalls == nil {
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ func TestCleanupSchedulingBehaviorIsBatched(t *testing.T) {
 					return err
 				}
 			}
-			mockAM.BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+			mockAM.BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{})
 			return nil
 		}).
 		Times(1)
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/peers/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/peers/manager.go
index 23e5330b9..bee79f100 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/peers/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/peers/manager.go
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 package peers
 
-//go:generate go run github.com/golang/mock/mockgen -package peers -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package peers -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
 
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
@@ -31,6 +33,14 @@ type Manager interface {
 	SetAccountManager(accountManager account.Manager)
 	GetPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, error)
 	CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerKey string, cluster string) error
+	// GetPeerByTunnelIP looks up a peer in accountID by its WireGuard tunnel IP.
+	// Returns nil with an error when no match exists. No permission check;
+	// callers (the proxy's ValidateTunnelPeer RPC) are trusted server components.
+	GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ip net.IP) (*peer.Peer, error)
+	// GetPeerWithGroups returns the peer and the list of *types.Group it belongs
+	// to. Used by the proxy's auth path to authorise a request by the calling
+	// peer's group memberships.
+	GetPeerWithGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) (*peer.Peer, []*types.Group, error)
 }
 
 type managerImpl struct {
@@ -75,6 +85,26 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string,
 	return m.store.GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx, accountID, groupsIDs)
 }
 
+// GetPeerByTunnelIP delegates to the store's indexed lookup.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ip net.IP) (*peer.Peer, error) {
+	return m.store.GetPeerByIP(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, ip)
+}
+
+// GetPeerWithGroups returns the peer plus its group memberships. Any store
+// error returns (nil, nil, err) so callers never receive a valid peer
+// alongside a non-nil error.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetPeerWithGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) (*peer.Peer, []*types.Group, error) {
+	p, err := m.store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	groups, err := m.store.GetPeerGroups(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return p, groups, nil
+}
+
 func (m *managerImpl) DeletePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, userID string, checkConnected bool) error {
 	settings, err := m.store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -131,6 +161,8 @@ func (m *managerImpl) DeletePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs
 				return err
 			}
 
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("DeletePeers: deleted peer %s", peerID)
+
 			if !(peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded || peer.Meta.KernelVersion == "wasm") {
 				eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, func() {
 					m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, peer.ID, accountID, activity.PeerRemovedByUser, peer.EventMeta(dnsDomain))
@@ -155,7 +187,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) DeletePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs
 		}
 	}
 
-	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourcePeer, Operation: types.UpdateOperationDelete})
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -167,12 +199,12 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, er
 func (m *managerImpl) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerKey string, cluster string) error {
 	existingPeerID, err := m.store.GetPeerIDByKey(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, peerKey)
 	if err == nil && existingPeerID != "" {
-		// Peer already exists
+		// Same pubkey already registered — idempotent.
 		return nil
 	}
 
 	name := fmt.Sprintf("proxy-%s", xid.New().String())
-	peer := &peer.Peer{
+	newPeer := &peer.Peer{
 		Ephemeral: true,
 		ProxyMeta: peer.ProxyMeta{
 			Cluster:  cluster,
@@ -189,7 +221,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, pee
 		},
 	}
 
-	_, _, _, err = m.accountManager.AddPeer(ctx, accountID, "", "", peer, true)
+	_, _, _, _, err = m.accountManager.AddPeer(ctx, accountID, "", "", newPeer, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create proxy peer: %w", err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/peers/manager_mock.go b/management/internals/modules/peers/manager_mock.go
index d6c9ebacc..8c26d43b1 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/peers/manager_mock.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/peers/manager_mock.go
@@ -1,24 +1,32 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: ./manager.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package peers -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//
 
 // Package peers is a generated GoMock package.
 package peers
 
 import (
 	context "context"
+	net "net"
 	reflect "reflect"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	network_map "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
 	account "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	integrated_validator "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
 	peer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 // MockManager is a mock of Manager interface.
 type MockManager struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockManagerMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
 // MockManagerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockManager.
@@ -38,6 +46,20 @@ func (m *MockManager) EXPECT() *MockManagerMockRecorder {
 	return m.recorder
 }
 
+// CreateProxyPeer mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerKey, cluster string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateProxyPeer", ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// CreateProxyPeer indicates an expected call of CreateProxyPeer.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateProxyPeer(ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateProxyPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateProxyPeer), ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster)
+}
+
 // DeletePeers mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) DeletePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string, userID string, checkConnected bool) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -47,7 +69,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeletePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs
 }
 
 // DeletePeers indicates an expected call of DeletePeers.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePeers(ctx, accountID, peerIDs, userID, checkConnected interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePeers(ctx, accountID, peerIDs, userID, checkConnected any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeletePeers), ctx, accountID, peerIDs, userID, checkConnected)
 }
@@ -62,7 +84,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAllPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string)
 }
 
 // GetAllPeers indicates an expected call of GetAllPeers.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllPeers(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllPeers(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAllPeers), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -77,7 +99,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID str
 }
 
 // GetPeer indicates an expected call of GetPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeer(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeer(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeer), ctx, accountID, userID, peerID)
 }
@@ -92,11 +114,26 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPeerAccountID(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (stri
 }
 
 // GetPeerAccountID indicates an expected call of GetPeerAccountID.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerAccountID(ctx, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerAccountID(ctx, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerAccountID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerAccountID), ctx, peerID)
 }
 
+// GetPeerByTunnelIP mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ip net.IP) (*peer.Peer, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeerByTunnelIP", ctx, accountID, ip)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetPeerByTunnelIP indicates an expected call of GetPeerByTunnelIP.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx, accountID, ip any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerByTunnelIP", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerByTunnelIP), ctx, accountID, ip)
+}
+
 // GetPeerID mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -107,11 +144,27 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, er
 }
 
 // GetPeerID indicates an expected call of GetPeerID.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerID(ctx, peerKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerID(ctx, peerKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerID), ctx, peerKey)
 }
 
+// GetPeerWithGroups mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetPeerWithGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) (*peer.Peer, []*types.Group, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeerWithGroups", ctx, accountID, peerID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].([]*types.Group)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2
+}
+
+// GetPeerWithGroups indicates an expected call of GetPeerWithGroups.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerWithGroups(ctx, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerWithGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerWithGroups), ctx, accountID, peerID)
+}
+
 // GetPeersByGroupIDs mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupsIDs []string) ([]*peer.Peer, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -122,7 +175,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string,
 }
 
 // GetPeersByGroupIDs indicates an expected call of GetPeersByGroupIDs.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx, accountID, groupsIDs interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx, accountID, groupsIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeersByGroupIDs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeersByGroupIDs), ctx, accountID, groupsIDs)
 }
@@ -134,7 +187,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SetAccountManager(accountManager account.Manager) {
 }
 
 // SetAccountManager indicates an expected call of SetAccountManager.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetAccountManager(accountManager interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetAccountManager(accountManager any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetAccountManager", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SetAccountManager), accountManager)
 }
@@ -146,7 +199,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SetIntegratedPeerValidator(integratedPeerValidator integra
 }
 
 // SetIntegratedPeerValidator indicates an expected call of SetIntegratedPeerValidator.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetIntegratedPeerValidator(integratedPeerValidator interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetIntegratedPeerValidator(integratedPeerValidator any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetIntegratedPeerValidator", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SetIntegratedPeerValidator), integratedPeerValidator)
 }
@@ -158,21 +211,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SetNetworkMapController(networkMapController network_map.C
 }
 
 // SetNetworkMapController indicates an expected call of SetNetworkMapController.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetNetworkMapController(networkMapController interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetNetworkMapController(networkMapController any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetNetworkMapController", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SetNetworkMapController), networkMapController)
 }
-
-// CreateProxyPeer mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerKey string, cluster string) error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateProxyPeer", ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// CreateProxyPeer indicates an expected call of CreateProxyPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateProxyPeer(ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateProxyPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateProxyPeer), ctx, accountID, peerKey, cluster)
-}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/permissions/agent_network_roles_test.go b/management/internals/modules/permissions/agent_network_roles_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c3d6d62e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/permissions/agent_network_roles_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package permissions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+var allOps = []operations.Operation{operations.Read, operations.Create, operations.Update, operations.Delete}
+
+// TestAgentNetworkAdminRole pins the delegated-admin contract: full control
+// over the whole agent_network area (parent grant cascades to every
+// submodule), read-only on the account objects needed to build policies,
+// and nothing else in the account.
+func TestAgentNetworkAdminRole(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewManager(nil)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	role, ok := roles.RolesMap[types.UserRoleAgentNetworkAdmin]
+	require.True(t, ok, "agent_network_admin must exist in RolesMap")
+
+	agentNetworkModules := []modules.Module{
+		modules.AgentNetwork,
+		modules.AgentNetworkProviders,
+		modules.AgentNetworkPolicies,
+		modules.AgentNetworkGuardrails,
+		modules.AgentNetworkBudgets,
+		modules.AgentNetworkUsage,
+		modules.AgentNetworkLogs,
+		modules.AgentNetworkSettings,
+	}
+	for _, m := range agentNetworkModules {
+		for _, op := range allOps {
+			assert.True(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, m, op),
+				"agent_network_admin must have %s on %s", op, m)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Settings read rides along because GET /api/accounts (which the
+	// dashboard needs to boot) validates it, like network_admin.
+	for _, m := range []modules.Module{modules.Users, modules.Groups, modules.Peers, modules.Accounts, modules.Settings} {
+		assert.True(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, m, operations.Read),
+			"agent_network_admin must read %s to build policies and load the dashboard", m)
+		for _, op := range []operations.Operation{operations.Create, operations.Update, operations.Delete} {
+			assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, m, op),
+				"agent_network_admin must not have %s on %s", op, m)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, m := range []modules.Module{modules.Networks, modules.Dns, modules.SetupKeys, modules.Routes} {
+		for _, op := range allOps {
+			assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, m, op),
+				"agent_network_admin must not have %s on %s", op, m)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestUsageViewerRole pins the least-privilege cost role: read on the
+// aggregated usage overview plus read-only on the resources its filters
+// and display columns resolve against (users, groups, peers, the provider
+// list) — no policies, no request-level logs (which can contain captured
+// prompts), nothing else in the account.
+func TestUsageViewerRole(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewManager(nil)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	role, ok := roles.RolesMap[types.UserRoleUsageViewer]
+	require.True(t, ok, "usage_viewer must exist in RolesMap")
+
+	readOnly := []modules.Module{
+		modules.AgentNetworkUsage,
+		modules.AgentNetworkProviders,
+		modules.Users,
+		modules.Groups,
+		modules.Peers,
+	}
+	for _, m := range readOnly {
+		assert.True(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, m, operations.Read),
+			"usage_viewer must read %s for the usage view and its filters", m)
+		for _, op := range []operations.Operation{operations.Create, operations.Update, operations.Delete} {
+			assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, m, op),
+				"usage_viewer must not have %s on %s", op, m)
+		}
+	}
+
+	denied := []modules.Module{
+		modules.AgentNetwork,
+		modules.AgentNetworkPolicies,
+		modules.AgentNetworkGuardrails,
+		modules.AgentNetworkBudgets,
+		modules.AgentNetworkLogs,
+		modules.AgentNetworkSettings,
+		modules.Networks,
+		modules.SetupKeys,
+	}
+	for _, m := range denied {
+		for _, op := range allOps {
+			assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, m, op),
+				"usage_viewer must not have %s on %s", op, m)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBillingAdminRoleResolves pins that billing_admin has a proper entry
+// in the permission map. Its plan/seat/invoice permissions are enforced
+// outside this map; management-side it carries the regular User baseline
+// instead of failing role resolution.
+func TestBillingAdminRoleResolves(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewManager(nil)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	role, ok := roles.RolesMap[types.UserRoleBillingAdmin]
+	require.True(t, ok, "billing_admin must exist in RolesMap")
+
+	permissions, err := manager.GetPermissionsByRole(ctx, types.UserRoleBillingAdmin)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "billing_admin role must resolve")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, permissions)
+
+	for _, m := range []modules.Module{modules.AgentNetwork, modules.Networks, modules.Users, modules.Peers} {
+		for _, op := range allOps {
+			assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, m, op),
+				"billing_admin must not have %s on %s", op, m)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNewRolesParse pins the API role strings, which are permanent once
+// released.
+func TestNewRolesParse(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, types.UserRoleAgentNetworkAdmin, types.StrRoleToUserRole("agent_network_admin"))
+	assert.Equal(t, types.UserRoleUsageViewer, types.StrRoleToUserRole("usage_viewer"))
+	assert.Equal(t, types.UserRoleBillingAdmin, types.StrRoleToUserRole("billing_admin"))
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager.go
index 99558da02..c3fd3ffbb 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager.go
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package permissions
 
-//go:generate go run github.com/golang/mock/mockgen -package permissions -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package permissions -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ type AuthErrorHandler func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth *aut
 
 type Manager interface {
 	WithPermission(module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation, handlerFunc func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, auth *auth.UserAuth), authErrHandler ...AuthErrorHandler) http.HandlerFunc
-	ValidateUserPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, error)
+	ValidateUserPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, context.Context, error)
 	ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, role roles.RolePermissions, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) bool
-	ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) error
+	ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) (context.Context, error)
 
 	GetPermissionsByRole(ctx context.Context, role types.UserRole) (roles.Permissions, error)
 	SetAccountManager(accountManager account.Manager)
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ func NewManager(store store.Store) Manager {
 
 // WithPermission wraps an HTTP handler with permission checking logic.
 // An optional AuthErrorHandler can be provided to intercept auth errors before the default response is written.
+// The wrapped handler receives a request whose context is enriched by the permission validation.
 func (m *managerImpl) WithPermission(
 	module modules.Module,
 	operation operations.Operation,
@@ -66,27 +67,28 @@ func (m *managerImpl) WithPermission(
 			return
 		}
 
-		allowed, err := m.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, module, operation)
+		allowed, ctx, err := m.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, module, operation)
+		enriched := r.WithContext(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			if onAuthErr != nil && onAuthErr(w, r, &userAuth, err) {
+			if onAuthErr != nil && onAuthErr(w, enriched, &userAuth, err) {
 				return
 			}
-			log.WithContext(r.Context()).Errorf("failed to validate permissions for user %s on account %s: %v", userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, err)
-			util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.NewPermissionValidationError(err), w)
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to validate permissions for user %s on account %s: %v", userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, err)
+			util.WriteError(ctx, status.NewPermissionValidationError(err), w)
 			return
 		}
 
 		if !allowed {
 			permErr := status.NewPermissionDeniedError()
-			if onAuthErr != nil && onAuthErr(w, r, &userAuth, permErr) {
+			if onAuthErr != nil && onAuthErr(w, enriched, &userAuth, permErr) {
 				return
 			}
-			log.WithContext(r.Context()).Tracef("user %s on account %s is not allowed to %s in %s", userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, operation, module)
-			util.WriteError(r.Context(), permErr, w)
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("user %s on account %s is not allowed to %s in %s", userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, operation, module)
+			util.WriteError(ctx, permErr, w)
 			return
 		}
 
-		handlerFunc(w, r, &userAuth)
+		handlerFunc(w, enriched, &userAuth)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -96,40 +98,44 @@ func (m *managerImpl) ValidateUserPermissions(
 	userID string,
 	module modules.Module,
 	operation operations.Operation,
-) (bool, error) {
+) (bool, context.Context, error) {
 	if userID == activity.SystemInitiator {
-		return true, nil
+		return true, ctx, nil
 	}
 
 	user, err := m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
+		return false, ctx, err
 	}
 
 	if user == nil {
-		return false, status.NewUserNotFoundError(userID)
+		return false, ctx, status.NewUserNotFoundError(userID)
 	}
 
 	if user.IsBlocked() && !user.PendingApproval {
-		return false, status.NewUserBlockedError()
+		return false, ctx, status.NewUserBlockedError()
 	}
 
 	if user.IsBlocked() && user.PendingApproval {
-		return false, status.NewUserPendingApprovalError()
+		return false, ctx, status.NewUserPendingApprovalError()
 	}
 
-	if err := m.ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, false); err != nil {
-		return false, err
+	ctxEnriched, err := m.ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, ctx, err
 	}
 
 	role, ok := roles.RolesMap[user.Role]
 	if !ok {
-		return false, status.NewUserRoleNotFoundError(string(user.Role))
+		return false, ctxEnriched, status.NewUserRoleNotFoundError(string(user.Role))
 	}
 
-	return m.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, accountID, role, module, operation), nil
+	return m.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, accountID, role, module, operation), ctxEnriched, nil
 }
 
+// ValidateRoleModuleAccess resolves an operation against the role's explicit
+// grant for the module, then the grant for its parent module when the module
+// is a dotted submodule, and finally the role's AutoAllowNew default.
 func (m *managerImpl) ValidateRoleModuleAccess(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	accountID string,
@@ -137,7 +143,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) ValidateRoleModuleAccess(
 	module modules.Module,
 	operation operations.Operation,
 ) bool {
-	if permissions, ok := role.Permissions[module]; ok {
+	if permissions, ok := lookupModulePermissions(role, module); ok {
 		if allowed, exists := permissions[operation]; exists {
 			return allowed
 		}
@@ -148,11 +154,29 @@ func (m *managerImpl) ValidateRoleModuleAccess(
 	return role.AutoAllowNew[operation]
 }
 
-func (m *managerImpl) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) error {
-	if user.AccountID != accountID {
-		return status.NewUserNotPartOfAccountError()
+// lookupModulePermissions returns the role's explicit permission set for the
+// module, falling back to the parent module's set for dotted submodules. The
+// second return reports whether any explicit set was found.
+func lookupModulePermissions(role roles.RolePermissions, module modules.Module) (map[operations.Operation]bool, bool) {
+	if permissions, ok := role.Permissions[module]; ok {
+		return permissions, true
 	}
-	return nil
+	if parent, hasParent := module.Parent(); hasParent {
+		if permissions, ok := role.Permissions[parent]; ok {
+			return permissions, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func (m *managerImpl) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) (context.Context, error) {
+	if user.AccountID != accountID {
+		return ctx, status.NewUserNotPartOfAccountError()
+	}
+
+	ctx = nbcontext.WithRole(ctx, string(user.Role))
+
+	return ctx, nil
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) GetPermissionsByRole(ctx context.Context, role types.UserRole) (roles.Permissions, error) {
@@ -164,7 +188,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetPermissionsByRole(ctx context.Context, role types.UserR
 	permissions := roles.Permissions{}
 
 	for k := range modules.All {
-		if rolePermissions, ok := roleMap.Permissions[k]; ok {
+		if rolePermissions, ok := lookupModulePermissions(roleMap, k); ok {
 			permissions[k] = rolePermissions
 			continue
 		}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager_mock.go b/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager_mock.go
index 64f0a508f..c41f95bda 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager_mock.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager_mock.go
@@ -1,28 +1,33 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: ./manager.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package permissions -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//
 
 // Package permissions is a generated GoMock package.
 package permissions
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"net/http"
-	"reflect"
+	context "context"
+	http "net/http"
+	reflect "reflect"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
+	modules "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	operations "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	roles "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles"
+	account "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	auth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 // MockManager is a mock of Manager interface.
 type MockManager struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockManagerMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
 // MockManagerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockManager.
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPermissionsByRole(ctx context.Context, role types.UserR
 }
 
 // GetPermissionsByRole indicates an expected call of GetPermissionsByRole.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPermissionsByRole(ctx, role interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPermissionsByRole(ctx, role any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPermissionsByRole", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPermissionsByRole), ctx, role)
 }
@@ -64,21 +69,22 @@ func (m *MockManager) SetAccountManager(accountManager account.Manager) {
 }
 
 // SetAccountManager indicates an expected call of SetAccountManager.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetAccountManager(accountManager interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetAccountManager(accountManager any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetAccountManager", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SetAccountManager), accountManager)
 }
 
 // ValidateAccountAccess mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) error {
+func (m *MockManager) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User, allowOwnerAndAdmin bool) (context.Context, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ValidateAccountAccess", ctx, accountID, user, allowOwnerAndAdmin)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(context.Context)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // ValidateAccountAccess indicates an expected call of ValidateAccountAccess.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, allowOwnerAndAdmin interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ValidateAccountAccess(ctx, accountID, user, allowOwnerAndAdmin any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ValidateAccountAccess", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ValidateAccountAccess), ctx, accountID, user, allowOwnerAndAdmin)
 }
@@ -92,22 +98,23 @@ func (m *MockManager) ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx context.Context, accountID st
 }
 
 // ValidateRoleModuleAccess indicates an expected call of ValidateRoleModuleAccess.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, accountID, role, module, operation interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, accountID, role, module, operation any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ValidateRoleModuleAccess", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ValidateRoleModuleAccess), ctx, accountID, role, module, operation)
 }
 
 // ValidateUserPermissions mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) ValidateUserPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) ValidateUserPermissions(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, context.Context, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ValidateUserPermissions", ctx, accountID, userID, module, operation)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(context.Context)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2
 }
 
 // ValidateUserPermissions indicates an expected call of ValidateUserPermissions.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, module, operation interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, module, operation any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ValidateUserPermissions", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ValidateUserPermissions), ctx, accountID, userID, module, operation)
 }
@@ -115,7 +122,7 @@ func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userI
 // WithPermission mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) WithPermission(module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation, handlerFunc func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, *auth.UserAuth), authErrHandler ...AuthErrorHandler) http.HandlerFunc {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := []interface{}{module, operation, handlerFunc}
+	varargs := []any{module, operation, handlerFunc}
 	for _, a := range authErrHandler {
 		varargs = append(varargs, a)
 	}
@@ -125,8 +132,8 @@ func (m *MockManager) WithPermission(module modules.Module, operation operations
 }
 
 // WithPermission indicates an expected call of WithPermission.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) WithPermission(module, operation, handlerFunc interface{}, authErrHandler ...interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) WithPermission(module, operation, handlerFunc any, authErrHandler ...any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	varargs := append([]interface{}{module, operation, handlerFunc}, authErrHandler...)
+	varargs := append([]any{module, operation, handlerFunc}, authErrHandler...)
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "WithPermission", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).WithPermission), varargs...)
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5e36853e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/permissions/manager_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package permissions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+func TestValidateRoleModuleAccessSubmoduleCascade(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewManager(nil)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	fullAccess := map[operations.Operation]bool{
+		operations.Read:   true,
+		operations.Create: true,
+		operations.Update: true,
+		operations.Delete: true,
+	}
+	readOnly := map[operations.Operation]bool{
+		operations.Read:   true,
+		operations.Create: false,
+		operations.Update: false,
+		operations.Delete: false,
+	}
+	denyAll := map[operations.Operation]bool{
+		operations.Read:   false,
+		operations.Create: false,
+		operations.Update: false,
+		operations.Delete: false,
+	}
+
+	t.Run("parent grant covers submodules", func(t *testing.T) {
+		role := roles.RolePermissions{
+			AutoAllowNew: denyAll,
+			Permissions:  roles.Permissions{modules.AgentNetwork: fullAccess},
+		}
+		assert.True(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Create),
+			"parent full grant should allow create on a submodule")
+		assert.True(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetworkLogs, operations.Read),
+			"parent full grant should allow read on a submodule")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("submodule grant does not leak to parent or siblings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		role := roles.RolePermissions{
+			AutoAllowNew: denyAll,
+			Permissions:  roles.Permissions{modules.AgentNetworkUsage: readOnly},
+		}
+		assert.True(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetworkUsage, operations.Read),
+			"explicit submodule read should be allowed")
+		assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetworkUsage, operations.Create),
+			"read-only submodule grant should not allow create")
+		assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetwork, operations.Read),
+			"submodule grant should not grant the parent module")
+		assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Read),
+			"submodule grant should not grant a sibling submodule")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("explicit submodule entry wins over parent grant", func(t *testing.T) {
+		role := roles.RolePermissions{
+			AutoAllowNew: denyAll,
+			Permissions: roles.Permissions{
+				modules.AgentNetwork:     fullAccess,
+				modules.AgentNetworkLogs: denyAll,
+			},
+		}
+		assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetworkLogs, operations.Read),
+			"explicit submodule deny should override the parent grant")
+		assert.True(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetworkUsage, operations.Read),
+			"sibling submodules should still resolve through the parent grant")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("auto allow applies when neither submodule nor parent is granted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		role := roles.RolePermissions{
+			AutoAllowNew: readOnly,
+		}
+		assert.True(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Read),
+			"auto-allow read should apply to submodules")
+		assert.False(t, manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", role, modules.AgentNetworkProviders, operations.Delete),
+			"auto-allow should not grant unlisted operations")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestExistingRolesKeepAgentNetworkBehaviorOnSubmodules pins the behavior the
+// submodule split must not change: every built-in role resolves the new
+// submodules exactly as it resolved the agent_network module before.
+func TestExistingRolesKeepAgentNetworkBehaviorOnSubmodules(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewManager(nil)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	submodules := []modules.Module{
+		modules.AgentNetworkProviders,
+		modules.AgentNetworkPolicies,
+		modules.AgentNetworkGuardrails,
+		modules.AgentNetworkBudgets,
+		modules.AgentNetworkUsage,
+		modules.AgentNetworkLogs,
+		modules.AgentNetworkSettings,
+	}
+	allOperations := []operations.Operation{operations.Read, operations.Create, operations.Update, operations.Delete}
+
+	for _, role := range []types.UserRole{types.UserRoleOwner, types.UserRoleAdmin, types.UserRoleAuditor, types.UserRoleNetworkAdmin, types.UserRoleUser} {
+		rolePermissions, ok := roles.RolesMap[role]
+		require.True(t, ok, "role %s must exist in RolesMap", role)
+
+		for _, sub := range submodules {
+			for _, op := range allOperations {
+				expected := manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", rolePermissions, modules.AgentNetwork, op)
+				actual := manager.ValidateRoleModuleAccess(ctx, "account", rolePermissions, sub, op)
+				assert.Equal(t, expected, actual, "role %s: %s on %s should match the agent_network module", role, op, sub)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetPermissionsByRoleIncludesSubmodules(t *testing.T) {
+	manager := NewManager(nil)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	permissions, err := manager.GetPermissionsByRole(ctx, types.UserRoleAuditor)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "auditor role must resolve")
+
+	usage, ok := permissions[modules.AgentNetworkUsage]
+	require.True(t, ok, "permissions map should contain the usage submodule")
+	assert.True(t, usage[operations.Read], "auditor should read the usage submodule")
+	assert.False(t, usage[operations.Update], "auditor should not update the usage submodule")
+
+	adminPermissions, err := manager.GetPermissionsByRole(ctx, types.UserRoleAdmin)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "admin role must resolve")
+	providers, ok := adminPermissions[modules.AgentNetworkProviders]
+	require.True(t, ok, "permissions map should contain the providers submodule")
+	assert.True(t, providers[operations.Delete], "admin should delete on the providers submodule")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules/module.go b/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules/module.go
index 93007d4c1..8a2a1a52d 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules/module.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules/module.go
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package modules
 
+import "strings"
+
 type Module string
 
 const (
@@ -19,6 +21,18 @@ const (
 	Pats              Module = "pats"
 	IdentityProviders Module = "identity_providers"
 	Services          Module = "services"
+	AgentNetwork      Module = "agent_network"
+
+	// Agent Network submodules. A role may grant one of these directly
+	// or grant the AgentNetwork parent, which covers all of them (see
+	// permissions.Manager cascade resolution).
+	AgentNetworkProviders  Module = "agent_network.providers"
+	AgentNetworkPolicies   Module = "agent_network.policies"
+	AgentNetworkGuardrails Module = "agent_network.guardrails"
+	AgentNetworkBudgets    Module = "agent_network.budgets"
+	AgentNetworkUsage      Module = "agent_network.usage"
+	AgentNetworkLogs       Module = "agent_network.logs"
+	AgentNetworkSettings   Module = "agent_network.settings"
 )
 
 var All = map[Module]struct{}{
@@ -38,4 +52,22 @@ var All = map[Module]struct{}{
 	Pats:              {},
 	IdentityProviders: {},
 	Services:          {},
+	AgentNetwork:      {},
+
+	AgentNetworkProviders:  {},
+	AgentNetworkPolicies:   {},
+	AgentNetworkGuardrails: {},
+	AgentNetworkBudgets:    {},
+	AgentNetworkUsage:      {},
+	AgentNetworkLogs:       {},
+	AgentNetworkSettings:   {},
+}
+
+// Parent returns the module owning a dotted submodule name and true, or the
+// module itself and false when it has no parent.
+func (m Module) Parent() (Module, bool) {
+	if i := strings.IndexByte(string(m), '.'); i > 0 {
+		return Module(string(m)[:i]), true
+	}
+	return m, false
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/agent_network_admin.go b/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/agent_network_admin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b0c22a42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/agent_network_admin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package roles
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// AgentNetworkAdmin is the delegated administrator for the Agent Network
+// area: full control over providers, policies, guardrails, budgets, usage,
+// logs, and its settings, plus read-only visibility into the account
+// objects needed to build policies (users, groups, peers) and the account
+// settings/meta read the dashboard needs to boot (GET /api/accounts
+// validates Settings read, same as network_admin). Nothing else in the
+// account is visible.
+var AgentNetworkAdmin = RolePermissions{
+	Role: types.UserRoleAgentNetworkAdmin,
+	AutoAllowNew: map[operations.Operation]bool{
+		operations.Read:   false,
+		operations.Create: false,
+		operations.Update: false,
+		operations.Delete: false,
+	},
+	Permissions: Permissions{
+		modules.AgentNetwork: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: true,
+			operations.Update: true,
+			operations.Delete: true,
+		},
+		modules.Users: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+		modules.Groups: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+		modules.Peers: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+		modules.Accounts: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+		modules.Settings: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+	},
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/billing_admin.go b/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/billing_admin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c3747e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/billing_admin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package roles
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// BillingAdmin manages plans, seats, and invoices, which are enforced
+// outside this permission map (NetBird Cloud). Management-side it carries
+// the regular User baseline; the explicit entry keeps role resolution from
+// failing with a role-not-found error.
+var BillingAdmin = RolePermissions{
+	Role: types.UserRoleBillingAdmin,
+	AutoAllowNew: map[operations.Operation]bool{
+		operations.Read:   false,
+		operations.Create: false,
+		operations.Update: false,
+		operations.Delete: false,
+	},
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/role_permissions.go b/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/role_permissions.go
index 296acf04a..5be28527b 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/role_permissions.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/role_permissions.go
@@ -15,9 +15,12 @@ type RolePermissions struct {
 type Permissions map[modules.Module]map[operations.Operation]bool
 
 var RolesMap = map[types.UserRole]RolePermissions{
-	types.UserRoleOwner:        Owner,
-	types.UserRoleAdmin:        Admin,
-	types.UserRoleUser:         User,
-	types.UserRoleAuditor:      Auditor,
-	types.UserRoleNetworkAdmin: NetworkAdmin,
+	types.UserRoleOwner:             Owner,
+	types.UserRoleAdmin:             Admin,
+	types.UserRoleUser:              User,
+	types.UserRoleAuditor:           Auditor,
+	types.UserRoleNetworkAdmin:      NetworkAdmin,
+	types.UserRoleAgentNetworkAdmin: AgentNetworkAdmin,
+	types.UserRoleUsageViewer:       UsageViewer,
+	types.UserRoleBillingAdmin:      BillingAdmin,
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/usage_viewer.go b/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/usage_viewer.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69f8bc140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/permissions/roles/usage_viewer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package roles
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// UsageViewer is the regular User baseline plus read access to the
+// aggregated Agent Network usage and cost overview, and read-only access
+// to the resources the usage filters and display columns resolve against:
+// users and groups (identity filters and name resolution), peers (agent
+// principals in the caller column), and the provider list (provider and
+// model filter options — the manager redacts connection config such as
+// upstream URLs and operator-supplied header values for callers holding
+// read without update). It sees no policies and no account-wide
+// request-level access logs (which can contain captured prompts); its own
+// requests remain readable through the self-scoped endpoints, like any
+// caller's.
+var UsageViewer = RolePermissions{
+	Role: types.UserRoleUsageViewer,
+	AutoAllowNew: map[operations.Operation]bool{
+		operations.Read:   false,
+		operations.Create: false,
+		operations.Update: false,
+		operations.Delete: false,
+	},
+	Permissions: Permissions{
+		modules.AgentNetworkUsage: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+		modules.AgentNetworkProviders: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+		modules.Users: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+		modules.Groups: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+		modules.Peers: {
+			operations.Read:   true,
+			operations.Create: false,
+			operations.Update: false,
+			operations.Delete: false,
+		},
+	},
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/accesslogentry.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/accesslogentry.go
index f2ecfd5f9..6705eab1a 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/accesslogentry.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/accesslogentry.go
@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ type AccessLogEntry struct {
 	BytesDownload   int64             `gorm:"index"`
 	Protocol        AccessLogProtocol `gorm:"index"`
 	Metadata        map[string]string `gorm:"serializer:json"`
+	// AgentNetwork marks the entry as emitted by a synthesised agent-network
+	// service. Sourced from proto.AccessLog.AgentNetwork the proxy stamps
+	// before shipping. Indexed so the agent-network log surface filters cheaply.
+	AgentNetwork bool `gorm:"index"`
 }
 
 // FromProto creates an AccessLogEntry from a proto.AccessLog
@@ -58,6 +62,7 @@ func (a *AccessLogEntry) FromProto(serviceLog *proto.AccessLog) {
 	a.BytesDownload = serviceLog.GetBytesDownload()
 	a.Protocol = AccessLogProtocol(serviceLog.GetProtocol())
 	a.Metadata = maps.Clone(serviceLog.GetMetadata())
+	a.AgentNetwork = serviceLog.GetAgentNetwork()
 
 	if sourceIP := serviceLog.GetSourceIp(); sourceIP != "" {
 		if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(sourceIP); err == nil {
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager.go
index 8c1af1235..34c6d5ae7 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/geolocation"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
@@ -25,8 +26,14 @@ func NewManager(store store.Store, geo geolocation.Geolocation) accesslogs.Manag
 	}
 }
 
-// SaveAccessLog saves an access log entry to the database after enriching it
+// SaveAccessLog saves an access log entry to the database after enriching it.
+// Agent-network entries are flattened into their own dedicated table (queryable
+// LLM columns + group child rows) instead of the shared reverse-proxy table.
 func (m *managerImpl) SaveAccessLog(ctx context.Context, logEntry *accesslogs.AccessLogEntry) error {
+	if logEntry.AgentNetwork {
+		return agentnetwork.IngestAccessLog(ctx, m.store, logEntry)
+	}
+
 	if m.geo != nil && logEntry.GeoLocation.ConnectionIP != nil {
 		location, err := m.geo.Lookup(logEntry.GeoLocation.ConnectionIP)
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager_test.go
index 11bf60829..8e941d7e5 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/interface.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/interface.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2e682dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/interface.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Package activity records that a principal used a reverse proxy service, so
+// that activity accounting counts people and devices which reach services
+// through the proxy but never touch the dashboard or the management API.
+package activity
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// Manager records reverse proxy usage against the timestamps activity
+// accounting reads. Both methods are best effort from the caller's point of
+// view: a lost record is corrected by the next request, and no authorization
+// decision reads them back.
+type Manager interface {
+	// RecordUserLogin records a completed SSO sign-in to a proxied service.
+	// Service users have no interactive login and are ignored.
+	RecordUserLogin(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User) error
+	// RecordPeerSeen records that a peer reached a private service over the
+	// mesh, which is what lets its owner count as active. Peers activity
+	// accounting excludes, and peers already seen recently, are ignored.
+	RecordPeerSeen(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *peer.Peer) error
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/manager/manager.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..978604fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/manager/manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// peerSeenInterval is how stale a peer's LastSeen must be before reaching a
+// private service refreshes it. Positive tunnel validations are cached on the
+// proxy for five minutes, so without a floor a busy peer would rewrite its row
+// behind every request; an hour still sits well inside the window activity
+// accounting asks about.
+const peerSeenInterval = time.Hour
+
+type managerImpl struct {
+	store store.Store
+}
+
+// NewManager returns the activity manager backed by the management store.
+func NewManager(store store.Store) activity.Manager {
+	return &managerImpl{store: store}
+}
+
+// RecordUserLogin stamps the login the same way the dashboard and device login
+// paths do, so a person who only ever reaches proxied services still has a
+// login on record.
+func (m *managerImpl) RecordUserLogin(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User) error {
+	if user == nil || user.IsServiceUser {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return m.store.SaveUserLastLogin(ctx, accountID, user.Id, time.Now().UTC())
+}
+
+// RecordPeerSeen stamps LastSeen, the column a peer activates its owner
+// through. The peer the caller already holds answers the throttle without a
+// query, so a peer seen inside the interval costs nothing to skip; the same
+// cutoff goes to the store, which enforces it inside the UPDATE so concurrent
+// requests for one peer cannot each write off their own stale read.
+func (m *managerImpl) RecordPeerSeen(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *peer.Peer) error {
+	if peer == nil || !countsTowardActivity(peer) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	staleBefore := time.Now().UTC().Add(-peerSeenInterval)
+	if peer.Status != nil && peer.Status.LastSeen.After(staleBefore) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	_, err := m.store.RefreshPeerLastSeen(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, staleBefore)
+
+	return err
+}
+
+// countsTowardActivity reports whether the peer represents a device a person
+// actually runs. Embedded proxy peers are infrastructure and browser (WASM)
+// clients are ephemeral sessions, so activity accounting ignores both and a
+// write for them could never count.
+func countsTowardActivity(peer *peer.Peer) bool {
+	return !peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded && peer.Meta.KernelVersion != "wasm"
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/manager/manager_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c89bce0a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// recordingStore captures the two writes the activity manager makes. The
+// embedded interface satisfies the rest and panics if anything else is called,
+// which keeps the manager honest about its surface.
+type recordingStore struct {
+	store.Store
+	logins []loginWrite
+	seen   []seenWrite
+}
+
+type loginWrite struct {
+	accountID string
+	userID    string
+	at        time.Time
+}
+
+type seenWrite struct {
+	accountID   string
+	peerID      string
+	staleBefore time.Time
+}
+
+func (s *recordingStore) SaveUserLastLogin(_ context.Context, accountID, userID string, lastLogin time.Time) error {
+	s.logins = append(s.logins, loginWrite{accountID: accountID, userID: userID, at: lastLogin})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *recordingStore) RefreshPeerLastSeen(_ context.Context, accountID, peerID string, staleBefore time.Time) (bool, error) {
+	s.seen = append(s.seen, seenWrite{accountID: accountID, peerID: peerID, staleBefore: staleBefore})
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func TestRecordUserLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		user        *types.User
+		expectWrite bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "regular user is recorded",
+			user:        &types.User{Id: "user1", AccountID: "account1"},
+			expectWrite: true,
+		},
+		{
+			// Activity accounting never counts service users, so a row for one
+			// would be noise.
+			name:        "service user is ignored",
+			user:        &types.User{Id: "svc1", AccountID: "account1", IsServiceUser: true},
+			expectWrite: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "missing user is ignored",
+			user:        nil,
+			expectWrite: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			st := &recordingStore{}
+			require.NoError(t, NewManager(st).RecordUserLogin(context.Background(), "account1", tt.user))
+
+			if !tt.expectWrite {
+				assert.Empty(t, st.logins, "no login should have been recorded")
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.Len(t, st.logins, 1, "exactly one login should have been recorded")
+			assert.Equal(t, "account1", st.logins[0].accountID, "login must be recorded against the service account")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.user.Id, st.logins[0].userID, "login must be recorded against the signing-in user")
+			assert.Equal(t, time.UTC, st.logins[0].at.Location(), "timestamps are written in UTC")
+			assert.WithinDuration(t, time.Now().UTC(), st.logins[0].at, time.Minute, "login should be stamped now")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRecordPeerSeen(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		peer        *peer.Peer
+		expectWrite bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "peer seen long ago is recorded",
+			peer:        &peer.Peer{ID: "peer1", Status: &peer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now().Add(-3 * time.Hour)}},
+			expectWrite: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "peer never seen is recorded",
+			peer:        &peer.Peer{ID: "peer1", Status: &peer.PeerStatus{}},
+			expectWrite: true,
+		},
+		{
+			// The throttle. The caller already holds the peer, so skipping a
+			// recently seen one costs nothing.
+			name:        "peer seen inside the interval is skipped",
+			peer:        &peer.Peer{ID: "peer1", Status: &peer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now().Add(-10 * time.Minute)}},
+			expectWrite: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "embedded proxy peer is skipped",
+			peer:        &peer.Peer{ID: "peer1", ProxyMeta: peer.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true}, Status: &peer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now().Add(-3 * time.Hour)}},
+			expectWrite: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "browser client is skipped",
+			peer:        &peer.Peer{ID: "peer1", Meta: peer.PeerSystemMeta{KernelVersion: "wasm"}, Status: &peer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now().Add(-3 * time.Hour)}},
+			expectWrite: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "missing peer is ignored",
+			peer:        nil,
+			expectWrite: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			st := &recordingStore{}
+			require.NoError(t, NewManager(st).RecordPeerSeen(context.Background(), "account1", tt.peer))
+
+			if !tt.expectWrite {
+				assert.Empty(t, st.seen, "no activity should have been recorded")
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.Len(t, st.seen, 1, "exactly one activity write should have been recorded")
+			assert.Equal(t, "account1", st.seen[0].accountID, "activity must be recorded against the service account")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.peer.ID, st.seen[0].peerID, "activity must be recorded against the calling peer")
+			assert.Equal(t, time.UTC, st.seen[0].staleBefore.Location(), "cutoffs are passed in UTC")
+			assert.WithinDuration(t, time.Now().UTC().Add(-peerSeenInterval), st.seen[0].staleBefore, time.Minute,
+				"the store must enforce the same interval the local check applies")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/domain.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/domain.go
index f65e31a07..08d7ad19b 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/domain.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/domain.go
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ type Domain struct {
 	// SupportsCrowdSec is populated at query time from proxy cluster capabilities.
 	// Not persisted.
 	SupportsCrowdSec *bool `gorm:"-"`
+	// SupportsPrivate is populated at query time from proxy cluster capabilities. Not persisted.
+	SupportsPrivate *bool `gorm:"-"`
 }
 
 // EventMeta returns activity event metadata for a domain
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/api.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/api.go
index bde36aaa9..5dc8ed2fd 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/api.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/api.go
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ func domainToApi(d *domain.Domain) api.ReverseProxyDomain {
 		SupportsCustomPorts: d.SupportsCustomPorts,
 		RequireSubdomain:    d.RequireSubdomain,
 		SupportsCrowdsec:    d.SupportsCrowdSec,
+		SupportsPrivate:     d.SupportsPrivate,
 	}
 	if d.TargetCluster != "" {
 		resp.TargetCluster = &d.TargetCluster
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/domain_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/domain_test.go
index 523920a99..38d5a923b 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/domain_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/domain_test.go
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ func TestExtractClusterFromFreeDomain(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestExtractClusterFromCustomDomains(t *testing.T) {
 	customDomains := []*domain.Domain{
-		{Domain: "example.com", TargetCluster: "eu1.proxy.netbird.io"},
-		{Domain: "proxy.corp.io", TargetCluster: "us1.proxy.netbird.io"},
+		{Domain: "example.com", TargetCluster: "eu1.proxy.netbird.io", Validated: true},
+		{Domain: "proxy.corp.io", TargetCluster: "us1.proxy.netbird.io", Validated: true},
 	}
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -120,19 +120,49 @@ func TestExtractClusterFromCustomDomains(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			cluster, ok := extractClusterFromCustomDomains(tc.domain, customDomains)
-			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantOK, ok)
-			if ok {
-				assert.Equal(t, tc.wantVal, cluster)
+			cluster, match := extractClusterFromCustomDomains(tc.domain, customDomains)
+			if !tc.wantOK {
+				assert.Equal(t, customDomainNoMatch, match, "unrelated domain should not match any custom domain")
+				return
 			}
+			assert.Equal(t, customDomainValidated, match, "validated custom domain should resolve a cluster")
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantVal, cluster)
 		})
 	}
 }
 
+// An unvalidated row must never yield a cluster: the account has not shown it
+// controls the name, so no service may be bound to it.
+func TestExtractClusterFromCustomDomains_UnvalidatedDomainRefused(t *testing.T) {
+	customDomains := []*domain.Domain{
+		{Domain: "example.com", TargetCluster: "eu1.proxy.netbird.io", Validated: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, serviceDomain := range []string{"example.com", "app.example.com"} {
+		t.Run(serviceDomain, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cluster, match := extractClusterFromCustomDomains(serviceDomain, customDomains)
+			assert.Equal(t, customDomainUnvalidated, match, "unvalidated row must be reported as such")
+			assert.Empty(t, cluster, "unvalidated row must not resolve a cluster")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// A more specific unvalidated row must not shadow a validated parent domain.
+func TestExtractClusterFromCustomDomains_ValidatedParentWinsOverUnvalidatedChild(t *testing.T) {
+	customDomains := []*domain.Domain{
+		{Domain: "example.com", TargetCluster: "cluster-generic", Validated: true},
+		{Domain: "app.example.com", TargetCluster: "cluster-app", Validated: false},
+	}
+
+	cluster, match := extractClusterFromCustomDomains("app.example.com", customDomains)
+	assert.Equal(t, customDomainValidated, match)
+	assert.Equal(t, "cluster-generic", cluster, "validated parent domain should provide the cluster")
+}
+
 func TestExtractClusterFromCustomDomains_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 	customDomains := []*domain.Domain{
-		{Domain: "example.com", TargetCluster: "cluster-generic"},
-		{Domain: "app.example.com", TargetCluster: "cluster-app"},
+		{Domain: "example.com", TargetCluster: "cluster-generic", Validated: true},
+		{Domain: "app.example.com", TargetCluster: "cluster-app", Validated: true},
 	}
 
 	tests := []struct {
@@ -164,8 +194,8 @@ func TestExtractClusterFromCustomDomains_OverlappingDomains(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range tests {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			cluster, ok := extractClusterFromCustomDomains(tc.domain, customDomains)
-			assert.True(t, ok)
+			cluster, match := extractClusterFromCustomDomains(tc.domain, customDomains)
+			assert.Equal(t, customDomainValidated, match)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantVal, cluster)
 		})
 	}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager.go
index 6bf04ec35..1f52a595e 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager.go
@@ -2,22 +2,28 @@ package manager
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"strings"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	agentnetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbstore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
 type store interface {
 	GetAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Account, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength nbstore.LockingStrength, accountID string) (*agentnetworkTypes.Settings, error)
 
 	GetCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, domainID string) (*domain.Domain, error)
+	GetCustomDomainByName(ctx context.Context, domainName string) (*domain.Domain, error)
 	ListFreeDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
 	ListCustomDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*domain.Domain, error)
 	CreateCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, domainName string, targetCluster string, validated bool) (*domain.Domain, error)
@@ -27,9 +33,11 @@ type store interface {
 
 type proxyManager interface {
 	GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
+	GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
 	ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 }
 
 type Manager struct {
@@ -57,8 +65,8 @@ func (m Manager) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*d
 	var ret []*domain.Domain
 
 	// Add connected proxy clusters as free domains.
-	// The cluster address itself is the free domain base (e.g., "eu.proxy.netbird.io").
-	allowList, err := m.proxyManager.GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx)
+	// For BYOP accounts, only their own cluster is returned; otherwise shared clusters.
+	allowList, err := m.getClusterAllowList(ctx, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get active proxy cluster addresses: %v", err)
 		return nil, err
@@ -78,6 +86,7 @@ func (m Manager) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*d
 		d.SupportsCustomPorts = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, cluster)
 		d.RequireSubdomain = m.proxyManager.ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx, cluster)
 		d.SupportsCrowdSec = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, cluster)
+		d.SupportsPrivate = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, cluster)
 		ret = append(ret, d)
 	}
 
@@ -94,6 +103,7 @@ func (m Manager) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*d
 		if d.TargetCluster != "" {
 			cd.SupportsCustomPorts = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, d.TargetCluster)
 			cd.SupportsCrowdSec = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, d.TargetCluster)
+			cd.SupportsPrivate = m.proxyManager.ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, d.TargetCluster)
 		}
 		// Custom domains never require a subdomain by default since
 		// the account owns them and should be able to use the bare domain.
@@ -104,8 +114,8 @@ func (m Manager) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*d
 }
 
 func (m Manager) CreateDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domainName, targetCluster string) (*domain.Domain, error) {
-	// Verify the target cluster is in the available clusters
-	allowList, err := m.proxyManager.GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx)
+	// Verify the target cluster is in the available clusters for this account
+	allowList, err := m.getClusterAllowList(ctx, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get active proxy cluster addresses: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -120,6 +130,10 @@ func (m Manager) CreateDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domainName
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("target cluster %s is not available", targetCluster)
 	}
 
+	if err := m.checkDomainAvailable(ctx, domainName); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	// Attempt an initial validation against the specified cluster only
 	var validated bool
 	if m.validator.IsValid(ctx, domainName, []string{targetCluster}) {
@@ -136,6 +150,23 @@ func (m Manager) CreateDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domainName
 	return d, nil
 }
 
+// checkDomainAvailable reports whether the domain is free to claim. The unique
+// index on the column is the real guard; this turns the violation into a
+// conflict the caller can act on instead of a database error, and says nothing
+// about which account holds the domain.
+func (m Manager) checkDomainAvailable(ctx context.Context, domainName string) error {
+	_, err := m.store.GetCustomDomainByName(ctx, domainName)
+	if err == nil {
+		return status.Errorf(status.AlreadyExists, "domain %s is already registered", domainName)
+	}
+
+	if sErr, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && sErr.Type() == status.NotFound {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("look up domain: %w", err)
+}
+
 func (m Manager) DeleteDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domainID string) error {
 	d, err := m.store.GetCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, domainID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -228,7 +259,7 @@ func (m Manager) GetClusterDomains() []string {
 // For free domains (those ending with a known cluster suffix), the cluster is extracted from the domain.
 // For custom domains, the cluster is determined by checking the registered custom domain's target cluster.
 func (m Manager) DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domain string) (string, error) {
-	allowList, err := m.proxyManager.GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx)
+	allowList, err := m.getClusterAllowList(ctx, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get active proxy cluster addresses: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -245,27 +276,114 @@ func (m Manager) DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domain
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("list custom domains: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	targetCluster, valid := extractClusterFromCustomDomains(domain, customDomains)
-	if valid {
+	targetCluster, match := extractClusterFromCustomDomains(domain, customDomains)
+	switch match {
+	case customDomainValidated:
 		return targetCluster, nil
+	case customDomainUnvalidated:
+		return "", status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "domain %s is not validated", domain)
 	}
 
 	return "", fmt.Errorf("domain %s does not match any available proxy cluster", domain)
 }
 
-func extractClusterFromCustomDomains(serviceDomain string, customDomains []*domain.Domain) (string, bool) {
+func (m Manager) getClusterAllowList(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error) {
+	byopAddresses, err := m.proxyManager.GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get BYOP cluster addresses: %w", err)
+	}
+	publicAddresses, err := m.proxyManager.GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get public cluster addresses: %w", err)
+	}
+	reserved, err := m.reservedGatewayAddress(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(byopAddresses)+len(publicAddresses))
+	merged := make([]string, 0, len(byopAddresses)+len(publicAddresses))
+	for _, addr := range byopAddresses {
+		if _, ok := seen[addr]; ok || addr == reserved {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[addr] = struct{}{}
+		merged = append(merged, addr)
+	}
+	for _, addr := range publicAddresses {
+		if _, ok := seen[addr]; ok || addr == reserved {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[addr] = struct{}{}
+		merged = append(merged, addr)
+	}
+	return merged, nil
+}
+
+// reservedGatewayAddress returns the account's agent-network gateway address
+// when its settings pin is self-addressed — a proxy dedicated to serving
+// exactly the gateway. Dropping that address from the cluster allow list keeps
+// it from being offered as a cluster for ordinary services, and because the
+// free-domain suffix match is depth-independent, dropping the address rejects
+// every name beneath it as well as the bare one. Only the account's own
+// gateway address can ever appear in its allow list (another tenant's gateway
+// proxy is account-scoped to them), so this single-address exclusion is
+// sufficient. Returns "" when the account has no settings row or a labeled
+// (shared-cluster) pin.
+func (m Manager) reservedGatewayAddress(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (string, error) {
+	settings, err := m.store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, nbstore.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		var sErr *status.Error
+		if errors.As(err, &sErr) && sErr.Type() == status.NotFound {
+			return "", nil
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get agent network settings: %w", err)
+	}
+	if settings == nil || !settings.Dedicated() {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	return settings.ProxyAddress, nil
+}
+
+// customDomainMatch describes how a service domain relates to the account's
+// custom domain rows.
+type customDomainMatch int
+
+const (
+	customDomainNoMatch customDomainMatch = iota
+	customDomainUnvalidated
+	customDomainValidated
+)
+
+// extractClusterFromCustomDomains finds the longest custom domain covering the
+// service domain and reports its target cluster. Only a validated row yields a
+// cluster: until the CNAME check has passed the account has not shown it
+// controls the name, so no traffic may be routed for it.
+func extractClusterFromCustomDomains(serviceDomain string, customDomains []*domain.Domain) (string, customDomainMatch) {
 	bestCluster := ""
 	bestLen := -1
+	matched := false
 	for _, cd := range customDomains {
 		if serviceDomain != cd.Domain && !strings.HasSuffix(serviceDomain, "."+cd.Domain) {
 			continue
 		}
+		matched = true
+		if !cd.Validated {
+			continue
+		}
 		if l := len(cd.Domain); l > bestLen {
 			bestLen = l
 			bestCluster = cd.TargetCluster
 		}
 	}
-	return bestCluster, bestLen >= 0
+
+	switch {
+	case bestLen >= 0:
+		return bestCluster, customDomainValidated
+	case matched:
+		return "", customDomainUnvalidated
+	default:
+		return "", customDomainNoMatch
+	}
 }
 
 // ExtractClusterFromFreeDomain extracts the cluster address from a free domain.
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_realstore_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_realstore_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95af066e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_realstore_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain"
+	proxymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/mock_server"
+	nbstore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+const (
+	testCluster    = "eu.proxy.test"
+	accountA       = "account-a"
+	accountAUser   = "account-a-admin"
+	accountB       = "account-b"
+	accountBUser   = "account-b-admin"
+	accountAMember = "account-a-member"
+)
+
+// stubResolver answers CNAME lookups from a table the test controls, so a
+// domain can point at the cluster or nowhere without touching a real resolver.
+type stubResolver struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	cnames map[string]string
+}
+
+func (r *stubResolver) LookupCNAME(_ context.Context, host string) (string, error) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+
+	cname, ok := r.cnames[host]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("lookup %s: no such host", host)
+	}
+	return cname + ".", nil
+}
+
+func (r *stubResolver) set(host, cname string) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	r.cnames[host] = cname
+}
+
+type domainTestEnv struct {
+	manager  Manager
+	store    nbstore.Store
+	resolver *stubResolver
+}
+
+// setupDomainTest builds the domain manager on a real SQLite store with two
+// accounts and one active public proxy cluster.
+func setupDomainTest(t *testing.T) *domainTestEnv {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	testStore, cleanup, err := nbstore.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+
+	for accountID, userID := range map[string]string{accountA: accountAUser, accountB: accountBUser} {
+		users := map[string]*types.User{
+			userID: {
+				Id:        userID,
+				AccountID: accountID,
+				Role:      types.UserRoleAdmin,
+			},
+		}
+		if accountID == accountA {
+			// A real member of the account whose role denies Services:Create, so
+			// permission denial is exercised as ok=false rather than as a lookup
+			// error for a user who is not in the account at all.
+			users[accountAMember] = &types.User{
+				Id:        accountAMember,
+				AccountID: accountID,
+				Role:      types.UserRoleUser,
+			}
+		}
+
+		require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveAccount(ctx, &types.Account{
+			Id:        accountID,
+			CreatedBy: userID,
+			Settings:  &types.Settings{},
+			Users:     users,
+		}))
+	}
+
+	proxyMgr, err := proxymanager.NewManager(testStore, noop.NewMeterProvider().Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = proxyMgr.Connect(ctx, "proxy-1", "session-1", testCluster, "127.0.0.1", nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	resolver := &stubResolver{cnames: make(map[string]string)}
+
+	mgr := Manager{
+		store:        testStore,
+		proxyManager: proxyMgr,
+		validator:    domain.Validator{Resolver: resolver},
+		accountManager: &mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+			StoreEventFunc: func(context.Context, string, string, string, activity.ActivityDescriber, map[string]any) {},
+		},
+	}
+
+	return &domainTestEnv{manager: mgr, store: testStore, resolver: resolver}
+}
+
+// storedDomain reads a domain row back through the store so assertions are made
+// on what was persisted rather than on the value the manager returned.
+func storedDomain(t *testing.T, s nbstore.Store, accountID, domainName string) *domain.Domain {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	domains, err := s.ListCustomDomains(context.Background(), accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, d := range domains {
+		if d.Domain == domainName {
+			return d
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// A domain whose CNAME check fails is stored unvalidated and must not resolve a
+// cluster, which is what service creation gates on.
+func TestCreateDomain_FailedLookupIsNotServable(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	env := setupDomainTest(t)
+
+	created, err := env.manager.CreateDomain(ctx, accountA, accountAUser, "apps.example.com", testCluster)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, created.Validated, "a domain whose CNAME lookup fails must not be created validated")
+
+	stored := storedDomain(t, env.store, accountA, "apps.example.com")
+	require.NotNil(t, stored, "domain row should exist")
+	assert.False(t, stored.Validated, "persisted row must be unvalidated")
+
+	cluster, err := env.manager.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountA, "apps.example.com")
+	require.Error(t, err, "an unvalidated domain must not resolve a cluster")
+	assert.Empty(t, cluster)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "not validated", "error should tell the caller what to fix")
+
+	sErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok, "error should be a typed status error")
+	assert.Equal(t, status.PreconditionFailed, sErr.Type())
+
+	_, err = env.manager.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountA, "sub.apps.example.com")
+	assert.Error(t, err, "subdomains of an unvalidated custom domain are not servable either")
+}
+
+// A second account claiming a registered domain gets a clean conflict, not a
+// database error surfaced as a 500.
+func TestCreateDomain_DuplicateIsAConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	env := setupDomainTest(t)
+
+	_, err := env.manager.CreateDomain(ctx, accountA, accountAUser, "shared.example.com", testCluster)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = env.manager.CreateDomain(ctx, accountB, accountBUser, "shared.example.com", testCluster)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	sErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok, "conflict must be a typed status error, not a raw database error")
+	assert.Equal(t, status.AlreadyExists, sErr.Type(), "conflict should map to 409, not 500")
+	assert.NotContains(t, sErr.Message, accountA, "the response must not reveal the holding account")
+
+	assert.Nil(t, storedDomain(t, env.store, accountB, "shared.example.com"), "no row should be written on conflict")
+}
+
+// The same account re-adding one of its own domains is a conflict too.
+func TestCreateDomain_SameAccountDuplicateIsAConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	env := setupDomainTest(t)
+
+	_, err := env.manager.CreateDomain(ctx, accountA, accountAUser, "dup.example.com", testCluster)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = env.manager.CreateDomain(ctx, accountA, accountAUser, "dup.example.com", testCluster)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	sErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, status.AlreadyExists, sErr.Type())
+}
+
+// The negative control: a validated domain still derives its cluster, for the
+// bare name and for subdomains, exactly as before.
+func TestCreateDomain_ValidatedDomainDerivesCluster(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	env := setupDomainTest(t)
+	env.resolver.set("validation.valid.example.com", testCluster)
+
+	created, err := env.manager.CreateDomain(ctx, accountA, accountAUser, "valid.example.com", testCluster)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, created.Validated, "a matching CNAME should validate on create")
+
+	cluster, err := env.manager.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountA, "valid.example.com")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, testCluster, cluster)
+
+	cluster, err = env.manager.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountA, "app.valid.example.com")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, testCluster, cluster, "subdomains of a validated custom domain resolve too")
+}
+
+// Validating a domain flips the gate: the same lookup that failed before now
+// resolves a cluster.
+func TestValidateDomain_UnlocksClusterDerivation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	env := setupDomainTest(t)
+
+	created, err := env.manager.CreateDomain(ctx, accountA, accountAUser, "later.example.com", testCluster)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, created.Validated)
+
+	_, err = env.manager.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountA, "later.example.com")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	env.resolver.set("validation.later.example.com", testCluster)
+	env.manager.ValidateDomain(ctx, accountA, accountAUser, created.ID)
+
+	require.True(t, storedDomain(t, env.store, accountA, "later.example.com").Validated)
+
+	cluster, err := env.manager.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountA, "later.example.com")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, testCluster, cluster)
+}
+
+// Free cluster domains are unaffected by the custom domain gate.
+func TestDeriveClusterFromDomain_FreeDomainUnaffected(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	env := setupDomainTest(t)
+
+	cluster, err := env.manager.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountA, "myapp.abc123."+testCluster)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, testCluster, cluster)
+}
+
+// The manager pre-check exists to turn a conflict into a 409, but the unique
+// index on the column is what actually guarantees the domain is claimed once.
+//
+// Two requests can clear the pre-check concurrently and race to the insert.
+// Inserting twice through the store reaches the same code path the loser of
+// that race takes, without the nondeterminism of driving it from goroutines,
+// and the loser must still see a conflict rather than an internal error.
+func TestStore_DuplicateDomainRejectedByIndexAsConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	env := setupDomainTest(t)
+
+	_, err := env.store.CreateCustomDomain(ctx, accountA, "indexed.example.com", testCluster, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = env.store.CreateCustomDomain(ctx, accountB, "indexed.example.com", testCluster, false)
+	require.Error(t, err, "the unique index must reject the same domain in a second account")
+
+	sErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok, "the losing insert must return a typed status error")
+	assert.Equal(t, status.AlreadyExists, sErr.Type(), "a lost race is a 409, not a 500")
+}
+
+// Validation runs asynchronously, so it can finish after the domain was
+// deleted and then write a stale row back. gorm's Save falls back to an insert
+// when an update affects no rows, which would resurrect the domain as
+// validated; UpdateCustomDomain avoids that by selecting explicit columns.
+// This pins that behaviour, since dropping the Select would reintroduce it.
+func TestUpdateCustomDomain_DoesNotResurrectDeletedDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	env := setupDomainTest(t)
+
+	created, err := env.manager.CreateDomain(ctx, accountA, accountAUser, "racy.example.com", testCluster)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	stale := storedDomain(t, env.store, accountA, "racy.example.com")
+	require.NotNil(t, stale)
+
+	require.NoError(t, env.manager.DeleteDomain(ctx, accountA, accountAUser, created.ID))
+	require.Nil(t, storedDomain(t, env.store, accountA, "racy.example.com"), "the domain should be gone")
+
+	// What an in-flight validation would write once its CNAME check succeeded.
+	// The write has to succeed for the assertion below to mean anything: a
+	// rejected write would leave the domain absent for the wrong reason.
+	stale.Validated = true
+	_, err = env.store.UpdateCustomDomain(ctx, accountA, stale)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "the update itself must succeed, so absence is not just a failed write")
+
+	assert.Nil(t, storedDomain(t, env.store, accountA, "racy.example.com"),
+		"a late validation write must not recreate a deleted domain")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..519f5efeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	agentnetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain"
+	nbstore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+type mockProxyManager struct {
+	getActiveClusterAddressesFunc           func(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
+	getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
+}
+
+func (m *mockProxyManager) GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+	if m.getActiveClusterAddressesFunc != nil {
+		return m.getActiveClusterAddressesFunc(ctx)
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockProxyManager) GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error) {
+	if m.getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc != nil {
+		return m.getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc(ctx, accountID)
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockProxyManager) ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockProxyManager) ClusterRequireSubdomain(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockProxyManager) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockProxyManager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_BYOPMergedWithPublic(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, accID string) ([]string, error) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "acc-123", accID)
+			return []string{"byop.example.com"}, nil
+		},
+		getActiveClusterAddressesFunc: func(_ context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: &stubStore{}, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"byop.example.com", "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_DeduplicatesBYOPAndPublic(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"shared.example.com", "byop.example.com"}, nil
+		},
+		getActiveClusterAddressesFunc: func(_ context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"shared.example.com", "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: &stubStore{}, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"shared.example.com", "byop.example.com", "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_NoBYOP_FallbackToShared(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+			return nil, nil
+		},
+		getActiveClusterAddressesFunc: func(_ context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"eu.proxy.netbird.io", "us.proxy.netbird.io"}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: &stubStore{}, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"eu.proxy.netbird.io", "us.proxy.netbird.io"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_BYOPError_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+			return nil, errors.New("db error")
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: &stubStore{}, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "BYOP cluster addresses")
+}
+
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_PublicError_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"byop.example.com"}, nil
+		},
+		getActiveClusterAddressesFunc: func(_ context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+			return nil, errors.New("db error")
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: &stubStore{}, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "public cluster addresses")
+}
+
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_BYOPEmptySlice_FallbackToShared(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{}, nil
+		},
+		getActiveClusterAddressesFunc: func(_ context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: &stubStore{}, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, result)
+}
+
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_PublicEmpty_BYOPOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"byop.example.com"}, nil
+		},
+		getActiveClusterAddressesFunc: func(_ context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+			return nil, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: &stubStore{}, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"byop.example.com"}, result)
+}
+
+// stubStore satisfies the manager's narrow store interface for allow-list
+// tests. Only the agent-network settings lookup participates; the default (a
+// nil func) reads as "no settings row", the state most accounts are in.
+type stubStore struct {
+	getAgentNetworkSettingsFunc func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*agentnetworkTypes.Settings, error)
+}
+
+func (s *stubStore) GetAccount(context.Context, string) (*types.Account, error) {
+	panic("not used in allow-list tests")
+}
+
+func (s *stubStore) GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, _ nbstore.LockingStrength, accountID string) (*agentnetworkTypes.Settings, error) {
+	if s.getAgentNetworkSettingsFunc != nil {
+		return s.getAgentNetworkSettingsFunc(ctx, accountID)
+	}
+	return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "agent network settings for account %s not found", accountID)
+}
+
+func (s *stubStore) GetCustomDomain(context.Context, string, string) (*domain.Domain, error) {
+	panic("not used in allow-list tests")
+}
+
+func (s *stubStore) GetCustomDomainByName(context.Context, string) (*domain.Domain, error) {
+	panic("not used in allow-list tests")
+}
+
+func (s *stubStore) ListFreeDomains(context.Context, string) ([]string, error) {
+	panic("not used in allow-list tests")
+}
+
+func (s *stubStore) ListCustomDomains(context.Context, string) ([]*domain.Domain, error) {
+	panic("not used in allow-list tests")
+}
+
+func (s *stubStore) CreateCustomDomain(context.Context, string, string, string, bool) (*domain.Domain, error) {
+	panic("not used in allow-list tests")
+}
+
+func (s *stubStore) UpdateCustomDomain(context.Context, string, *domain.Domain) (*domain.Domain, error) {
+	panic("not used in allow-list tests")
+}
+
+func (s *stubStore) DeleteCustomDomain(context.Context, string, string) error {
+	panic("not used in allow-list tests")
+}
+
+// TestGetClusterAllowList_DedicatedGatewayAddressExcluded pins invariant (B)'s
+// chokepoint: a self-addressed settings pin reserves the account's gateway
+// address, so it is dropped from the allow list — which, because the
+// free-domain suffix match is depth-independent, rejects every name beneath
+// it as well as the bare one. Other addresses are unaffected.
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_DedicatedGatewayAddressExcluded(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"brave-otter.gateway.example.com", "byop.example.com"}, nil
+		},
+		getActiveClusterAddressesFunc: func(_ context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, nil
+		},
+	}
+	st := &stubStore{
+		getAgentNetworkSettingsFunc: func(_ context.Context, accountID string) (*agentnetworkTypes.Settings, error) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "acc-123", accountID,
+				"the exclusion must look up the requesting account's own settings")
+			return &agentnetworkTypes.Settings{
+				AccountID:    accountID,
+				Domain:       "brave-otter.gateway.example.com",
+				ProxyAddress: "brave-otter.gateway.example.com",
+			}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: st, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"byop.example.com", "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, result,
+		"the dedicated gateway address must be reserved from cluster selection")
+}
+
+// TestGetClusterAllowList_LabeledPinDoesNotExclude pins the counterpart: a
+// labeled pin means the gateway rides on a shared cluster serving ordinary
+// services too, so nothing is reserved.
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_LabeledPinDoesNotExclude(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"byop.example.com"}, nil
+		},
+		getActiveClusterAddressesFunc: func(_ context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, nil
+		},
+	}
+	st := &stubStore{
+		getAgentNetworkSettingsFunc: func(_ context.Context, accountID string) (*agentnetworkTypes.Settings, error) {
+			return &agentnetworkTypes.Settings{
+				AccountID:    accountID,
+				Domain:       "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				ProxyAddress: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+			}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: st, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"byop.example.com", "eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, result,
+		"a labeled pin reserves nothing")
+}
+
+// TestGetClusterAllowList_SettingsLookupError_ReturnsError pins that a store
+// outage is surfaced rather than silently treated as "nothing reserved" —
+// failing open here would offer a reserved gateway address for ordinary
+// services.
+func TestGetClusterAllowList_SettingsLookupError_ReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	pm := &mockProxyManager{
+		getActiveClusterAddressesForAccountFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"byop.example.com"}, nil
+		},
+		getActiveClusterAddressesFunc: func(_ context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+			return []string{"eu.proxy.netbird.io"}, nil
+		},
+	}
+	st := &stubStore{
+		getAgentNetworkSettingsFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) (*agentnetworkTypes.Settings, error) {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "store outage")
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := Manager{store: st, proxyManager: pm}
+	result, err := mgr.getClusterAllowList(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "agent network settings")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager.go
index aa7cd8630..26214c11b 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager.go
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package proxy
 
-//go:generate go run github.com/golang/mock/mockgen -package proxy -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package proxy -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -11,15 +11,20 @@ import (
 
 // Manager defines the interface for proxy operations
 type Manager interface {
-	Connect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string, capabilities *Capabilities) error
-	Disconnect(ctx context.Context, proxyID string) error
-	Heartbeat(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string) error
+	Connect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string, accountID *string, capabilities *Capabilities) (*Proxy, error)
+	Disconnect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error
+	Heartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *Proxy) error
 	GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
-	GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context) ([]Cluster, error)
+	GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
 	ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	CleanupStale(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.Duration) error
+	GetAccountProxy(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*Proxy, error)
+	CountAccountProxies(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error)
+	IsClusterAddressAvailable(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error)
+	DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error
 }
 
 // OIDCValidationConfig contains the OIDC configuration needed for token validation.
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/controller.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/controller.go
index e5b3e9886..0e5064f63 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/controller.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/controller.go
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func NewGRPCController(proxyGRPCServer *nbgrpc.ProxyServiceServer, meter metric.
 // SendServiceUpdateToCluster sends a service update to a specific proxy cluster.
 func (c *GRPCController) SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID string, update *proto.ProxyMapping, clusterAddr string) {
 	c.proxyGRPCServer.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, update, clusterAddr)
-	c.metrics.IncrementServiceUpdateSendCount(clusterAddr)
+	c.metrics.IncrementServiceUpdateSendCount()
 }
 
 // GetOIDCValidationConfig returns the OIDC validation configuration from the gRPC server.
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func (c *GRPCController) RegisterProxyToCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr
 	proxySet.(*sync.Map).Store(proxyID, struct{}{})
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Registered proxy %s to cluster %s", proxyID, clusterAddr)
 
-	c.metrics.IncrementProxyConnectionCount(clusterAddr)
+	c.metrics.IncrementProxyConnectionCount()
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func (c *GRPCController) UnregisterProxyFromCluster(ctx context.Context, cluster
 		proxySet.(*sync.Map).Delete(proxyID)
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Unregistered proxy %s from cluster %s", proxyID, clusterAddr)
 
-		c.metrics.DecrementProxyConnectionCount(clusterAddr)
+		c.metrics.DecrementProxyConnectionCount()
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager.go
index d13334e83..943766004 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager.go
@@ -13,13 +13,20 @@ import (
 // store defines the interface for proxy persistence operations
 type store interface {
 	SaveProxy(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
-	UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string) error
+	DisconnectProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error
+	UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
 	GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
-	GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx context.Context) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
+	GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
+	GetProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
 	GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	CleanupStaleProxies(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.Duration) error
+	GetProxyByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error)
+	CountProxiesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error)
+	IsClusterAddressConflicting(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error)
+	DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error
 }
 
 // Manager handles all proxy operations
@@ -43,7 +50,7 @@ func NewManager(store store, meter metric.Meter) (*Manager, error) {
 
 // Connect registers a new proxy connection in the database.
 // capabilities may be nil for old proxies that do not report them.
-func (m Manager) Connect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string, capabilities *proxy.Capabilities) error {
+func (m *Manager) Connect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string, accountID *string, capabilities *proxy.Capabilities) (*proxy.Proxy, error) {
 	now := time.Now()
 	var caps proxy.Capabilities
 	if capabilities != nil {
@@ -51,64 +58,60 @@ func (m Manager) Connect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress
 	}
 	p := &proxy.Proxy{
 		ID:             proxyID,
+		SessionID:      sessionID,
 		ClusterAddress: clusterAddress,
 		IPAddress:      ipAddress,
+		AccountID:      accountID,
 		LastSeen:       now,
 		ConnectedAt:    &now,
-		Status:         "connected",
+		Status:         proxy.StatusConnected,
 		Capabilities:   caps,
 	}
 
 	if err := m.store.SaveProxy(ctx, p); err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to register proxy %s: %v", proxyID, err)
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	log.WithContext(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
 		"proxyID":        proxyID,
+		"sessionID":      sessionID,
 		"clusterAddress": clusterAddress,
 		"ipAddress":      ipAddress,
 	}).Info("proxy connected")
 
-	return nil
+	return p, nil
 }
 
-// Disconnect marks a proxy as disconnected in the database
-func (m Manager) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, proxyID string) error {
-	now := time.Now()
-	p := &proxy.Proxy{
-		ID:             proxyID,
-		Status:         "disconnected",
-		DisconnectedAt: &now,
-		LastSeen:       now,
-	}
-
-	if err := m.store.SaveProxy(ctx, p); err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to disconnect proxy %s: %v", proxyID, err)
+// Disconnect marks a proxy as disconnected in the database.
+func (m *Manager) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error {
+	if err := m.store.DisconnectProxy(ctx, proxyID, sessionID); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to disconnect proxy %s session %s: %v", proxyID, sessionID, err)
 		return err
 	}
 
 	log.WithContext(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
-		"proxyID": proxyID,
+		"proxyID":   proxyID,
+		"sessionID": sessionID,
 	}).Info("proxy disconnected")
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// Heartbeat updates the proxy's last seen timestamp
-func (m Manager) Heartbeat(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string) error {
-	if err := m.store.UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress); err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("failed to update proxy %s heartbeat: %v", proxyID, err)
+// Heartbeat updates the proxy's last seen timestamp.
+func (m *Manager) Heartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
+	if err := m.store.UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx, p); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("failed to update proxy %s heartbeat: %v", p.ID, err)
 		return err
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("updated heartbeat for proxy %s", proxyID)
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("updated heartbeat for proxy %s session %s", p.ID, p.SessionID)
 	m.metrics.IncrementProxyHeartbeatCount()
 	return nil
 }
 
 // GetActiveClusterAddresses returns all unique cluster addresses for active proxies
-func (m Manager) GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+func (m *Manager) GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
 	addresses, err := m.store.GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get active proxy cluster addresses: %v", err)
@@ -117,16 +120,6 @@ func (m Manager) GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error
 	return addresses, nil
 }
 
-// GetActiveClusters returns all active proxy clusters with their connected proxy count.
-func (m Manager) GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
-	clusters, err := m.store.GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get active proxy clusters: %v", err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return clusters, nil
-}
-
 // ClusterSupportsCustomPorts returns whether any active proxy in the cluster
 // supports custom ports. Returns nil when no proxy has reported capabilities.
 func (m Manager) ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
@@ -145,11 +138,49 @@ func (m Manager) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string
 	return m.store.GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusterAddr)
 }
 
+// ClusterSupportsPrivate reports whether any active proxy claims the private capability (nil = unreported).
+func (m Manager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
+	return m.store.GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, clusterAddr)
+}
+
 // CleanupStale removes proxies that haven't sent heartbeat in the specified duration
-func (m Manager) CleanupStale(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.Duration) error {
+func (m *Manager) CleanupStale(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.Duration) error {
 	if err := m.store.CleanupStaleProxies(ctx, inactivityDuration); err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to cleanup stale proxies: %v", err)
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (m *Manager) GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error) {
+	addresses, err := m.store.GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get active proxy cluster addresses for account %s: %v", accountID, err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return addresses, nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) GetAccountProxy(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	return m.store.GetProxyByAccountID(ctx, accountID)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) CountAccountProxies(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error) {
+	return m.store.CountProxiesByAccountID(ctx, accountID)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) IsClusterAddressAvailable(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error) {
+	conflicting, err := m.store.IsClusterAddressConflicting(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return !conflicting, nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error {
+	if err := m.store.DeleteAccountCluster(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete cluster %s for account %s: %v", clusterAddress, accountID, err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c44470a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+)
+
+type mockStore struct {
+	saveProxyFunc                            func(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
+	disconnectProxyFunc                      func(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error
+	updateProxyHeartbeatFunc                 func(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
+	getActiveProxyClusterAddressesFunc       func(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
+	getActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccFunc func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
+	cleanupStaleProxiesFunc                  func(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) error
+	getProxyByAccountIDFunc                  func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error)
+	countProxiesByAccountIDFunc              func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error)
+	isClusterAddressConflictingFunc          func(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error)
+	deleteAccountClusterFunc                 func(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error
+}
+
+func (m *mockStore) SaveProxy(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
+	if m.saveProxyFunc != nil {
+		return m.saveProxyFunc(ctx, p)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) DisconnectProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error {
+	if m.disconnectProxyFunc != nil {
+		return m.disconnectProxyFunc(ctx, proxyID, sessionID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
+	if m.updateProxyHeartbeatFunc != nil {
+		return m.updateProxyHeartbeatFunc(ctx, p)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
+	if m.getActiveProxyClusterAddressesFunc != nil {
+		return m.getActiveProxyClusterAddressesFunc(ctx)
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error) {
+	if m.getActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccFunc != nil {
+		return m.getActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccFunc(ctx, accountID)
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) GetProxyClusters(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) CleanupStaleProxies(ctx context.Context, d time.Duration) error {
+	if m.cleanupStaleProxiesFunc != nil {
+		return m.cleanupStaleProxiesFunc(ctx, d)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) GetProxyByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	if m.getProxyByAccountIDFunc != nil {
+		return m.getProxyByAccountIDFunc(ctx, accountID)
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("proxy not found for account %s", accountID)
+}
+func (m *mockStore) CountProxiesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error) {
+	if m.countProxiesByAccountIDFunc != nil {
+		return m.countProxiesByAccountIDFunc(ctx, accountID)
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) IsClusterAddressConflicting(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error) {
+	if m.isClusterAddressConflictingFunc != nil {
+		return m.isClusterAddressConflictingFunc(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error {
+	if m.deleteAccountClusterFunc != nil {
+		return m.deleteAccountClusterFunc(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) GetClusterRequireSubdomain(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+func (m *mockStore) GetClusterSupportsPrivate(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newTestManager(s store) *Manager {
+	meter := noop.NewMeterProvider().Meter("test")
+	m, err := NewManager(s, meter)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+func TestConnect_WithAccountID(t *testing.T) {
+	accountID := "acc-123"
+
+	var savedProxy *proxy.Proxy
+	s := &mockStore{
+		saveProxyFunc: func(_ context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
+			savedProxy = p
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := newTestManager(s)
+	_, err := mgr.Connect(context.Background(), "proxy-1", "session-1", "cluster.example.com", "10.0.0.1", &accountID, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, savedProxy)
+	assert.Equal(t, "proxy-1", savedProxy.ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "session-1", savedProxy.SessionID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "cluster.example.com", savedProxy.ClusterAddress)
+	assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.1", savedProxy.IPAddress)
+	assert.Equal(t, &accountID, savedProxy.AccountID)
+	assert.Equal(t, proxy.StatusConnected, savedProxy.Status)
+	assert.NotNil(t, savedProxy.ConnectedAt)
+}
+
+func TestConnect_WithoutAccountID(t *testing.T) {
+	var savedProxy *proxy.Proxy
+	s := &mockStore{
+		saveProxyFunc: func(_ context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
+			savedProxy = p
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := newTestManager(s)
+	_, err := mgr.Connect(context.Background(), "proxy-1", "session-1", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "10.0.0.1", nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, savedProxy)
+	assert.Nil(t, savedProxy.AccountID)
+	assert.Equal(t, proxy.StatusConnected, savedProxy.Status)
+}
+
+func TestConnect_StoreError(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &mockStore{
+		saveProxyFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ *proxy.Proxy) error {
+			return errors.New("db error")
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := newTestManager(s)
+	_, err := mgr.Connect(context.Background(), "proxy-1", "session-1", "cluster.example.com", "10.0.0.1", nil, nil)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestIsClusterAddressAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		conflicting bool
+		storeErr    error
+		wantResult  bool
+		wantErr     bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "available - no conflict",
+			conflicting: false,
+			wantResult:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "not available - conflict exists",
+			conflicting: true,
+			wantResult:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "store error",
+			storeErr: errors.New("db error"),
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := &mockStore{
+				isClusterAddressConflictingFunc: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (bool, error) {
+					return tt.conflicting, tt.storeErr
+				},
+			}
+
+			mgr := newTestManager(s)
+			result, err := mgr.IsClusterAddressAvailable(context.Background(), "cluster.example.com", "acc-123")
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantResult, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCountAccountProxies(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		count     int64
+		storeErr  error
+		wantCount int64
+		wantErr   bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "no proxies",
+			count:     0,
+			wantCount: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "one proxy",
+			count:     1,
+			wantCount: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "store error",
+			storeErr: errors.New("db error"),
+			wantErr:  true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := &mockStore{
+				countProxiesByAccountIDFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) (int64, error) {
+					return tt.count, tt.storeErr
+				},
+			}
+
+			mgr := newTestManager(s)
+			count, err := mgr.CountAccountProxies(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantCount, count)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetAccountProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	accountID := "acc-123"
+
+	t.Run("found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		expected := &proxy.Proxy{
+			ID:             "proxy-1",
+			ClusterAddress: "byop.example.com",
+			AccountID:      &accountID,
+			Status:         proxy.StatusConnected,
+		}
+		s := &mockStore{
+			getProxyByAccountIDFunc: func(_ context.Context, accID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+				assert.Equal(t, accountID, accID)
+				return expected, nil
+			},
+		}
+
+		mgr := newTestManager(s)
+		p, err := mgr.GetAccountProxy(context.Background(), accountID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, p)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := &mockStore{
+			getProxyByAccountIDFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) (*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+				return nil, errors.New("not found")
+			},
+		}
+
+		mgr := newTestManager(s)
+		_, err := mgr.GetAccountProxy(context.Background(), accountID)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestDeleteAccountCluster(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var deletedCluster, deletedAccount string
+		s := &mockStore{
+			deleteAccountClusterFunc: func(_ context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error {
+				deletedCluster = clusterAddress
+				deletedAccount = accountID
+				return nil
+			},
+		}
+
+		mgr := newTestManager(s)
+		err := mgr.DeleteAccountCluster(context.Background(), "cluster.example.com", "acc-123")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "cluster.example.com", deletedCluster)
+		assert.Equal(t, "acc-123", deletedAccount)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("store error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		s := &mockStore{
+			deleteAccountClusterFunc: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) error {
+				return errors.New("db error")
+			},
+		}
+
+		mgr := newTestManager(s)
+		err := mgr.DeleteAccountCluster(context.Background(), "cluster.example.com", "acc-123")
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	expected := []string{"byop.example.com"}
+	s := &mockStore{
+		getActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccFunc: func(_ context.Context, accID string) ([]string, error) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "acc-123", accID)
+			return expected, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	mgr := newTestManager(s)
+	result, err := mgr.GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(context.Background(), "acc-123")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, result)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/metrics.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/metrics.go
index 2b402cead..f7fd385cb 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/metrics.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager/metrics.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package manager
 import (
 	"context"
 
-	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 )
 
@@ -48,25 +47,16 @@ func newMetrics(meter metric.Meter) (*metrics, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (m *metrics) IncrementProxyConnectionCount(clusterAddr string) {
-	m.proxyConnectionCount.Add(context.Background(), 1,
-		metric.WithAttributes(
-			attribute.String("cluster", clusterAddr),
-		))
+func (m *metrics) IncrementProxyConnectionCount() {
+	m.proxyConnectionCount.Add(context.Background(), 1)
 }
 
-func (m *metrics) DecrementProxyConnectionCount(clusterAddr string) {
-	m.proxyConnectionCount.Add(context.Background(), -1,
-		metric.WithAttributes(
-			attribute.String("cluster", clusterAddr),
-		))
+func (m *metrics) DecrementProxyConnectionCount() {
+	m.proxyConnectionCount.Add(context.Background(), -1)
 }
 
-func (m *metrics) IncrementServiceUpdateSendCount(clusterAddr string) {
-	m.serviceUpdateSendCount.Add(context.Background(), 1,
-		metric.WithAttributes(
-			attribute.String("cluster", clusterAddr),
-		))
+func (m *metrics) IncrementServiceUpdateSendCount() {
+	m.serviceUpdateSendCount.Add(context.Background(), 1)
 }
 
 func (m *metrics) IncrementProxyHeartbeatCount() {
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager_mock.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager_mock.go
index 282ca0ba5..36d6f53fc 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager_mock.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager_mock.go
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: ./manager.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package proxy -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//
 
 // Package proxy is a generated GoMock package.
 package proxy
@@ -9,14 +14,15 @@ import (
 	reflect "reflect"
 	time "time"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	proto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 // MockManager is a mock of Manager interface.
 type MockManager struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockManagerMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
 // MockManagerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockManager.
@@ -45,25 +51,11 @@ func (m *MockManager) CleanupStale(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.
 }
 
 // CleanupStale indicates an expected call of CleanupStale.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CleanupStale(ctx, inactivityDuration interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CleanupStale(ctx, inactivityDuration any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CleanupStale", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CleanupStale), ctx, inactivityDuration)
 }
 
-// ClusterSupportsCustomPorts mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ClusterSupportsCustomPorts", ctx, clusterAddr)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*bool)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// ClusterSupportsCustomPorts indicates an expected call of ClusterSupportsCustomPorts.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ClusterSupportsCustomPorts", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ClusterSupportsCustomPorts), ctx, clusterAddr)
-}
-
 // ClusterRequireSubdomain mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -73,7 +65,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr s
 }
 
 // ClusterRequireSubdomain indicates an expected call of ClusterRequireSubdomain.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx, clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx, clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ClusterRequireSubdomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ClusterRequireSubdomain), ctx, clusterAddr)
 }
@@ -87,37 +79,110 @@ func (m *MockManager) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr s
 }
 
 // ClusterSupportsCrowdSec indicates an expected call of ClusterSupportsCrowdSec.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ClusterSupportsCrowdSec", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ClusterSupportsCrowdSec), ctx, clusterAddr)
 }
 
-// Connect mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) Connect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string, capabilities *Capabilities) error {
+// ClusterSupportsCustomPorts mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Connect", ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress, capabilities)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ClusterSupportsCustomPorts", ctx, clusterAddr)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*bool)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// ClusterSupportsCustomPorts indicates an expected call of ClusterSupportsCustomPorts.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ClusterSupportsCustomPorts", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ClusterSupportsCustomPorts), ctx, clusterAddr)
+}
+
+// ClusterSupportsPrivate mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ClusterSupportsPrivate", ctx, clusterAddr)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*bool)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// ClusterSupportsPrivate indicates an expected call of ClusterSupportsPrivate.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ClusterSupportsPrivate", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ClusterSupportsPrivate), ctx, clusterAddr)
+}
+
+// Connect mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) Connect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string, accountID *string, capabilities *Capabilities) (*Proxy, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Connect", ctx, proxyID, sessionID, clusterAddress, ipAddress, accountID, capabilities)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*Proxy)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// Connect indicates an expected call of Connect.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) Connect(ctx, proxyID, sessionID, clusterAddress, ipAddress, accountID, capabilities any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Connect", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).Connect), ctx, proxyID, sessionID, clusterAddress, ipAddress, accountID, capabilities)
+}
+
+// CountAccountProxies mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) CountAccountProxies(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CountAccountProxies", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(int64)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// CountAccountProxies indicates an expected call of CountAccountProxies.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CountAccountProxies(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CountAccountProxies", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CountAccountProxies), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
+// DeleteAccountCluster mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAccountCluster", ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
-// Connect indicates an expected call of Connect.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) Connect(ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress, capabilities interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// DeleteAccountCluster indicates an expected call of DeleteAccountCluster.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Connect", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).Connect), ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress, capabilities)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAccountCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteAccountCluster), ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
 }
 
 // Disconnect mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, proxyID string) error {
+func (m *MockManager) Disconnect(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Disconnect", ctx, proxyID)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Disconnect", ctx, proxyID, sessionID)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // Disconnect indicates an expected call of Disconnect.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) Disconnect(ctx, proxyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) Disconnect(ctx, proxyID, sessionID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Disconnect", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).Disconnect), ctx, proxyID)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Disconnect", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).Disconnect), ctx, proxyID, sessionID)
+}
+
+// GetAccountProxy mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetAccountProxy(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*Proxy, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountProxy", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*Proxy)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountProxy indicates an expected call of GetAccountProxy.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountProxy(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountProxy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountProxy), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetActiveClusterAddresses mocks base method.
@@ -130,44 +195,60 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string,
 }
 
 // GetActiveClusterAddresses indicates an expected call of GetActiveClusterAddresses.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetActiveClusterAddresses(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveClusterAddresses", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetActiveClusterAddresses), ctx)
 }
 
-// GetActiveClusters mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context) ([]Cluster, error) {
+// GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetActiveClusters", ctx)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]Cluster)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]string)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
-// GetActiveClusters indicates an expected call of GetActiveClusters.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetActiveClusters(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount indicates an expected call of GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetActiveClusters), ctx)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
 // Heartbeat mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) Heartbeat(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string) error {
+func (m *MockManager) Heartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *Proxy) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Heartbeat", ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "Heartbeat", ctx, p)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // Heartbeat indicates an expected call of Heartbeat.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) Heartbeat(ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) Heartbeat(ctx, p any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Heartbeat", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).Heartbeat), ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Heartbeat", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).Heartbeat), ctx, p)
+}
+
+// IsClusterAddressAvailable mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) IsClusterAddressAvailable(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "IsClusterAddressAvailable", ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// IsClusterAddressAvailable indicates an expected call of IsClusterAddressAvailable.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) IsClusterAddressAvailable(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "IsClusterAddressAvailable", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).IsClusterAddressAvailable), ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
 }
 
 // MockController is a mock of Controller interface.
 type MockController struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockControllerMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
 // MockControllerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockController.
@@ -210,7 +291,7 @@ func (m *MockController) GetProxiesForCluster(clusterAddr string) []string {
 }
 
 // GetProxiesForCluster indicates an expected call of GetProxiesForCluster.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) GetProxiesForCluster(clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) GetProxiesForCluster(clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxiesForCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).GetProxiesForCluster), clusterAddr)
 }
@@ -224,7 +305,7 @@ func (m *MockController) RegisterProxyToCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr
 }
 
 // RegisterProxyToCluster indicates an expected call of RegisterProxyToCluster.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) RegisterProxyToCluster(ctx, clusterAddr, proxyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) RegisterProxyToCluster(ctx, clusterAddr, proxyID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RegisterProxyToCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).RegisterProxyToCluster), ctx, clusterAddr, proxyID)
 }
@@ -236,7 +317,7 @@ func (m *MockController) SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx context.Context, account
 }
 
 // SendServiceUpdateToCluster indicates an expected call of SendServiceUpdateToCluster.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, update, clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, update, clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SendServiceUpdateToCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).SendServiceUpdateToCluster), ctx, accountID, update, clusterAddr)
 }
@@ -250,7 +331,7 @@ func (m *MockController) UnregisterProxyFromCluster(ctx context.Context, cluster
 }
 
 // UnregisterProxyFromCluster indicates an expected call of UnregisterProxyFromCluster.
-func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) UnregisterProxyFromCluster(ctx, clusterAddr, proxyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockControllerMockRecorder) UnregisterProxyFromCluster(ctx, clusterAddr, proxyID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UnregisterProxyFromCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockController)(nil).UnregisterProxyFromCluster), ctx, clusterAddr, proxyID)
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/proxy.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/proxy.go
index 5d04d8e47..4404b0d24 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/proxy.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/proxy.go
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 package proxy
 
-import "time"
+import (
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	StatusConnected    = "connected"
+	StatusDisconnected = "disconnected"
+)
 
 // Capabilities describes what a proxy can handle, as reported via gRPC.
 // Nil fields mean the proxy never reported this capability.
@@ -13,13 +20,18 @@ type Capabilities struct {
 	RequireSubdomain *bool
 	// SupportsCrowdsec indicates whether this proxy has CrowdSec configured.
 	SupportsCrowdsec *bool
+	// Private indicates whether this proxy supports inbound access via Wireguard
+	// tunnel and netbird-only authentication policies
+	Private *bool
 }
 
 // Proxy represents a reverse proxy instance
 type Proxy struct {
 	ID             string    `gorm:"primaryKey;type:varchar(255)"`
+	SessionID      string    `gorm:"type:varchar(36)"`
 	ClusterAddress string    `gorm:"type:varchar(255);not null;index:idx_proxy_cluster_status"`
 	IPAddress      string    `gorm:"type:varchar(45)"`
+	AccountID      *string   `gorm:"type:varchar(255);index:idx_proxy_account_id"`
 	LastSeen       time.Time `gorm:"not null;index:idx_proxy_last_seen"`
 	ConnectedAt    *time.Time
 	DisconnectedAt *time.Time
@@ -33,8 +45,34 @@ func (Proxy) TableName() string {
 	return "proxies"
 }
 
+// ClusterType is the source of a proxy cluster.
+type ClusterType string
+
+const (
+	// ClusterTypeAccount is a cluster operated by the account itself (BYOP) —
+	// at least one proxy row in the cluster carries a non-NULL account_id.
+	ClusterTypeAccount ClusterType = "account"
+	// ClusterTypeShared is a cluster operated by NetBird and shared across
+	// accounts — all proxy rows in the cluster have account_id IS NULL.
+	ClusterTypeShared ClusterType = "shared"
+)
+
 // Cluster represents a group of proxy nodes serving the same address.
+//
+// Online and ConnectedProxies derive from the same 2-min active window
+// the rest of the module uses, but Cluster rows are not gated on it —
+// the cluster listing surfaces offline clusters too so operators can
+// see and clean them up. The 1-hour heartbeat reaper still bounds the
+// table eventually.
 type Cluster struct {
+	ID               string
 	Address          string
+	Type             ClusterType
+	Online           bool
 	ConnectedProxies int
+	// *bool: nil = no proxy reported the capability; the dashboard renders that as unknown.
+	SupportsCustomPorts *bool
+	RequireSubdomain    *bool
+	SupportsCrowdSec    *bool
+	Private             *bool
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72ef1ab5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler.go
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+package proxytoken
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+type handler struct {
+	store              store.Store
+	permissionsManager permissions.Manager
+}
+
+func RegisterEndpoints(s store.Store, permissionsManager permissions.Manager, router *mux.Router) {
+	h := &handler{store: s, permissionsManager: permissionsManager}
+	router.HandleFunc("/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", h.listTokens).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", h.createToken).Methods("POST", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/{tokenId}", h.revokeToken).Methods("DELETE", "OPTIONS")
+}
+
+func (h *handler) createToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ok, ctx, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Services, operations.Create)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to validate permissions", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
+		return
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("permission denied", http.StatusForbidden, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req api.ProxyTokenRequest
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("couldn't parse JSON request", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if req.Name == "" || len(req.Name) > 255 {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("name is required and must be at most 255 characters", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var expiresIn time.Duration
+	if req.ExpiresIn != nil {
+		if *req.ExpiresIn < 0 {
+			util.WriteErrorResponse("expires_in must be non-negative", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+			return
+		}
+		if *req.ExpiresIn > 0 {
+			expiresIn = time.Duration(*req.ExpiresIn) * time.Second
+		}
+	}
+
+	accountID := userAuth.AccountId
+	generated, err := types.CreateNewProxyAccessToken(req.Name, expiresIn, &accountID, userAuth.UserId)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to generate token", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.store.SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx, &generated.ProxyAccessToken); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to save token", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	resp := toProxyTokenCreatedResponse(generated)
+	util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, resp)
+}
+
+func (h *handler) listTokens(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ok, ctx, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Services, operations.Read)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to validate permissions", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
+		return
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("permission denied", http.StatusForbidden, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	tokens, err := h.store.GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userAuth.AccountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to list tokens", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	resp := make([]api.ProxyToken, 0, len(tokens))
+	for _, token := range tokens {
+		resp = append(resp, toProxyTokenResponse(token))
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, resp)
+}
+
+func (h *handler) revokeToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	userAuth, err := nbcontext.GetUserAuthFromContext(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ok, ctx, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Services, operations.Delete)
+	if err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to validate permissions", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
+		return
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("permission denied", http.StatusForbidden, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	tokenID := mux.Vars(r)["tokenId"]
+	if tokenID == "" {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("token ID is required", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	token, err := h.store.GetProxyAccessTokenByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, tokenID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && s.ErrorType == status.NotFound {
+			util.WriteErrorResponse("token not found", http.StatusNotFound, w)
+		} else {
+			util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to retrieve token", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	if token.AccountID == nil || *token.AccountID != userAuth.AccountId {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("token not found", http.StatusNotFound, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.store.RevokeProxyAccessToken(ctx, tokenID); err != nil {
+		util.WriteErrorResponse("failed to revoke token", http.StatusInternalServerError, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, util.EmptyObject{})
+}
+
+func toProxyTokenResponse(token *types.ProxyAccessToken) api.ProxyToken {
+	resp := api.ProxyToken{
+		Id:      token.ID,
+		Name:    token.Name,
+		Revoked: token.Revoked,
+	}
+	if !token.CreatedAt.IsZero() {
+		resp.CreatedAt = token.CreatedAt
+	}
+	if token.ExpiresAt != nil {
+		resp.ExpiresAt = token.ExpiresAt
+	}
+	if token.LastUsed != nil {
+		resp.LastUsed = token.LastUsed
+	}
+	return resp
+}
+
+func toProxyTokenCreatedResponse(generated *types.ProxyAccessTokenGenerated) api.ProxyTokenCreated {
+	base := toProxyTokenResponse(&generated.ProxyAccessToken)
+	plainToken := string(generated.PlainToken)
+	return api.ProxyTokenCreated{
+		Id:         base.Id,
+		Name:       base.Name,
+		CreatedAt:  base.CreatedAt,
+		ExpiresAt:  base.ExpiresAt,
+		LastUsed:   base.LastUsed,
+		Revoked:    base.Revoked,
+		PlainToken: plainToken,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa8afb533
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken/handler_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+package proxytoken
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+func authContext(accountID, userID string) context.Context {
+	return nbcontext.SetUserAuthInContext(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{
+		AccountId: accountID,
+		UserId:    userID,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCreateToken_AccountScoped(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	accountID := "acc-123"
+	var savedToken *types.ProxyAccessToken
+
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().SaveProxyAccessToken(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).DoAndReturn(
+		func(_ context.Context, token *types.ProxyAccessToken) error {
+			savedToken = token
+			return nil
+		},
+	)
+
+	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
+
+	h := &handler{
+		store:              mockStore,
+		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
+	}
+
+	body := `{"name": "my-token"}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req = req.WithContext(authContext(accountID, "user-1"))
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	h.createToken(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+
+	var resp api.ProxyTokenCreated
+	require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(w.Body).Decode(&resp))
+
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, resp.PlainToken)
+	assert.Equal(t, "my-token", resp.Name)
+	assert.False(t, resp.Revoked)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, savedToken)
+	require.NotNil(t, savedToken.AccountID)
+	assert.Equal(t, accountID, *savedToken.AccountID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-1", savedToken.CreatedBy)
+}
+
+func TestCreateToken_WithExpiration(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	var savedToken *types.ProxyAccessToken
+
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().SaveProxyAccessToken(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).DoAndReturn(
+		func(_ context.Context, token *types.ProxyAccessToken) error {
+			savedToken = token
+			return nil
+		},
+	)
+
+	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
+
+	h := &handler{
+		store:              mockStore,
+		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
+	}
+
+	body := `{"name": "expiring-token", "expires_in": 3600}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req = req.WithContext(authContext("acc-123", "user-1"))
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	h.createToken(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, savedToken)
+	require.NotNil(t, savedToken.ExpiresAt)
+	assert.True(t, savedToken.ExpiresAt.After(time.Now()))
+}
+
+func TestCreateToken_EmptyName(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
+
+	h := &handler{
+		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
+	}
+
+	body := `{"name": ""}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req = req.WithContext(authContext("acc-123", "user-1"))
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	h.createToken(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestCreateToken_PermissionDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Create).Return(false, context.Background(), nil)
+
+	h := &handler{
+		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
+	}
+
+	body := `{"name": "test"}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req = req.WithContext(authContext("acc-123", "user-1"))
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	h.createToken(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestListTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	accountID := "acc-123"
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID(gomock.Any(), store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID).Return([]*types.ProxyAccessToken{
+		{ID: "tok-1", Name: "token-1", AccountID: &accountID, CreatedAt: now, Revoked: false},
+		{ID: "tok-2", Name: "token-2", AccountID: &accountID, CreatedAt: now, Revoked: true},
+	}, nil)
+
+	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Read).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
+
+	h := &handler{
+		store:              mockStore,
+		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(authContext(accountID, "user-1"))
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	h.listTokens(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+
+	var resp []api.ProxyToken
+	require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(w.Body).Decode(&resp))
+	require.Len(t, resp, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tok-1", resp[0].Id)
+	assert.False(t, resp[0].Revoked)
+	assert.Equal(t, "tok-2", resp[1].Id)
+	assert.True(t, resp[1].Revoked)
+}
+
+func TestRevokeToken_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	accountID := "acc-123"
+
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().GetProxyAccessTokenByID(gomock.Any(), store.LockingStrengthNone, "tok-1").Return(&types.ProxyAccessToken{
+		ID:        "tok-1",
+		Name:      "test-token",
+		AccountID: &accountID,
+	}, nil)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().RevokeProxyAccessToken(gomock.Any(), "tok-1").Return(nil)
+
+	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), accountID, "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Delete).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
+
+	h := &handler{
+		store:              mockStore,
+		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("DELETE", "/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/tok-1", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(authContext(accountID, "user-1"))
+	req = mux.SetURLVars(req, map[string]string{"tokenId": "tok-1"})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	h.revokeToken(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestRevokeToken_WrongAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	otherAccount := "acc-other"
+
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().GetProxyAccessTokenByID(gomock.Any(), store.LockingStrengthNone, "tok-1").Return(&types.ProxyAccessToken{
+		ID:        "tok-1",
+		AccountID: &otherAccount,
+	}, nil)
+
+	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Delete).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
+
+	h := &handler{
+		store:              mockStore,
+		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("DELETE", "/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/tok-1", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(authContext("acc-123", "user-1"))
+	req = mux.SetURLVars(req, map[string]string{"tokenId": "tok-1"})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	h.revokeToken(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestRevokeToken_ManagementWideToken(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	mockStore.EXPECT().GetProxyAccessTokenByID(gomock.Any(), store.LockingStrengthNone, "tok-1").Return(&types.ProxyAccessToken{
+		ID:        "tok-1",
+		AccountID: nil,
+	}, nil)
+
+	permsMgr := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	permsMgr.EXPECT().ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), "acc-123", "user-1", modules.Services, operations.Delete).Return(true, context.Background(), nil)
+
+	h := &handler{
+		store:              mockStore,
+		permissionsManager: permsMgr,
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("DELETE", "/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/tok-1", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(authContext("acc-123", "user-1"))
+	req = mux.SetURLVars(req, map[string]string{"tokenId": "tok-1"})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	h.revokeToken(w, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusNotFound, w.Code)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface.go
index a49cbea35..10d93294a 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface.go
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package service
 
-//go:generate go run github.com/golang/mock/mockgen -package service -destination=interface_mock.go -source=./interface.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package service -destination=interface_mock.go -source=./interface.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Manager interface {
-	GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
+	GetClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
+	DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, clusterAddress string) error
 	GetAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*Service, error)
 	GetService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, serviceID string) (*Service, error)
 	CreateService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, service *Service) (*Service, error)
@@ -28,4 +29,5 @@ type Manager interface {
 	RenewServiceFromPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, serviceID string) error
 	StopServiceFromPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, serviceID string) error
 	StartExposeReaper(ctx context.Context)
+	GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*Service, error)
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface_mock.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface_mock.go
index cc5ccbb8e..6b60f2af1 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface_mock.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/interface_mock.go
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: ./interface.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package service -destination=interface_mock.go -source=./interface.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//
 
 // Package service is a generated GoMock package.
 package service
@@ -8,14 +13,15 @@ import (
 	context "context"
 	reflect "reflect"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	proxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 // MockManager is a mock of Manager interface.
 type MockManager struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockManagerMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
 // MockManagerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockManager.
@@ -45,7 +51,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreateService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID strin
 }
 
 // CreateService indicates an expected call of CreateService.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateService(ctx, accountID, userID, service interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateService(ctx, accountID, userID, service any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateService), ctx, accountID, userID, service)
 }
@@ -60,11 +66,25 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreateServiceFromPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peer
 }
 
 // CreateServiceFromPeer indicates an expected call of CreateServiceFromPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateServiceFromPeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, req interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateServiceFromPeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, req any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateServiceFromPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateServiceFromPeer), ctx, accountID, peerID, req)
 }
 
+// DeleteAccountCluster mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, clusterAddress string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAccountCluster", ctx, accountID, userID, clusterAddress)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DeleteAccountCluster indicates an expected call of DeleteAccountCluster.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx, accountID, userID, clusterAddress any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAccountCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteAccountCluster), ctx, accountID, userID, clusterAddress)
+}
+
 // DeleteAllServices mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) DeleteAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -74,7 +94,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID s
 }
 
 // DeleteAllServices indicates an expected call of DeleteAllServices.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteAllServices(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteAllServices(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAllServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteAllServices), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -88,7 +108,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, serv
 }
 
 // DeleteService indicates an expected call of DeleteService.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteService(ctx, accountID, userID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteService(ctx, accountID, userID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteService), ctx, accountID, userID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -103,26 +123,11 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAccountServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string)
 }
 
 // GetAccountServices indicates an expected call of GetAccountServices.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountServices(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountServices(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountServices), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
-// GetActiveClusters mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetActiveClusters", ctx, accountID, userID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]proxy.Cluster)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1
-}
-
-// GetActiveClusters indicates an expected call of GetActiveClusters.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetActiveClusters(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetActiveClusters), ctx, accountID, userID)
-}
-
 // GetAllServices mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*Service, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -133,11 +138,26 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID stri
 }
 
 // GetAllServices indicates an expected call of GetAllServices.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllServices(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllServices(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAllServices), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
 
+// GetClusters mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetClusters", ctx, accountID, userID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]proxy.Cluster)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetClusters indicates an expected call of GetClusters.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetClusters(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetClusters), ctx, accountID, userID)
+}
+
 // GetGlobalServices mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetGlobalServices(ctx context.Context) ([]*Service, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -148,7 +168,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetGlobalServices(ctx context.Context) ([]*Service, error)
 }
 
 // GetGlobalServices indicates an expected call of GetGlobalServices.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetGlobalServices(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetGlobalServices(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetGlobalServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetGlobalServices), ctx)
 }
@@ -163,11 +183,26 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, service
 }
 
 // GetService indicates an expected call of GetService.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetService(ctx, accountID, userID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetService(ctx, accountID, userID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetService), ctx, accountID, userID, serviceID)
 }
 
+// GetServiceByDomain mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*Service, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetServiceByDomain", ctx, domain)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*Service)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetServiceByDomain indicates an expected call of GetServiceByDomain.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServiceByDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetServiceByDomain), ctx, domain)
+}
+
 // GetServiceByID mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetServiceByID(ctx context.Context, accountID, serviceID string) (*Service, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -178,7 +213,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetServiceByID(ctx context.Context, accountID, serviceID s
 }
 
 // GetServiceByID indicates an expected call of GetServiceByID.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetServiceByID(ctx, accountID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetServiceByID(ctx, accountID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServiceByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetServiceByID), ctx, accountID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -193,7 +228,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetServiceIDByTargetID(ctx context.Context, accountID, res
 }
 
 // GetServiceIDByTargetID indicates an expected call of GetServiceIDByTargetID.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetServiceIDByTargetID(ctx, accountID, resourceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetServiceIDByTargetID(ctx, accountID, resourceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServiceIDByTargetID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetServiceIDByTargetID), ctx, accountID, resourceID)
 }
@@ -207,7 +242,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) ReloadAllServicesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID
 }
 
 // ReloadAllServicesForAccount indicates an expected call of ReloadAllServicesForAccount.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ReloadAllServicesForAccount(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ReloadAllServicesForAccount(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ReloadAllServicesForAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ReloadAllServicesForAccount), ctx, accountID)
 }
@@ -221,7 +256,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) ReloadService(ctx context.Context, accountID, serviceID st
 }
 
 // ReloadService indicates an expected call of ReloadService.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ReloadService(ctx, accountID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ReloadService(ctx, accountID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ReloadService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ReloadService), ctx, accountID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -235,7 +270,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) RenewServiceFromPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerI
 }
 
 // RenewServiceFromPeer indicates an expected call of RenewServiceFromPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) RenewServiceFromPeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) RenewServiceFromPeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RenewServiceFromPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).RenewServiceFromPeer), ctx, accountID, peerID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -249,7 +284,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SetCertificateIssuedAt(ctx context.Context, accountID, ser
 }
 
 // SetCertificateIssuedAt indicates an expected call of SetCertificateIssuedAt.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetCertificateIssuedAt(ctx, accountID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetCertificateIssuedAt(ctx, accountID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetCertificateIssuedAt", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SetCertificateIssuedAt), ctx, accountID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -263,7 +298,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SetStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID, serviceID string
 }
 
 // SetStatus indicates an expected call of SetStatus.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetStatus(ctx, accountID, serviceID, status interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetStatus(ctx, accountID, serviceID, status any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetStatus", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SetStatus), ctx, accountID, serviceID, status)
 }
@@ -275,7 +310,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) StartExposeReaper(ctx context.Context) {
 }
 
 // StartExposeReaper indicates an expected call of StartExposeReaper.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) StartExposeReaper(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) StartExposeReaper(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "StartExposeReaper", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).StartExposeReaper), ctx)
 }
@@ -289,7 +324,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) StopServiceFromPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID
 }
 
 // StopServiceFromPeer indicates an expected call of StopServiceFromPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) StopServiceFromPeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) StopServiceFromPeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "StopServiceFromPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).StopServiceFromPeer), ctx, accountID, peerID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -304,7 +339,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdateService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID strin
 }
 
 // UpdateService indicates an expected call of UpdateService.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateService(ctx, accountID, userID, service interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateService(ctx, accountID, userID, service any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateService), ctx, accountID, userID, service)
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/api.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/api.go
index 4b02cfb1e..a47cb9be4 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/api.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/api.go
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func RegisterEndpoints(manager rpservice.Manager, domainManager domainmanager.Ma
 	accesslogsmanager.RegisterEndpoints(router, accessLogsManager, permissionsManager)
 
 	router.HandleFunc("/reverse-proxies/clusters", permissionsManager.WithPermission(modules.Services, operations.Read, h.getClusters)).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
+	router.HandleFunc("/reverse-proxies/clusters/{clusterAddress}", permissionsManager.WithPermission(modules.Services, operations.Delete, h.deleteCluster)).Methods("DELETE", "OPTIONS")
 	router.HandleFunc("/reverse-proxies/services", permissionsManager.WithPermission(modules.Services, operations.Read, h.getAllServices)).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
 	router.HandleFunc("/reverse-proxies/services", permissionsManager.WithPermission(modules.Services, operations.Create, h.createService)).Methods("POST", "OPTIONS")
 	router.HandleFunc("/reverse-proxies/services/{serviceId}", permissionsManager.WithPermission(modules.Services, operations.Read, h.getService)).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ func (h *handler) deleteService(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth
 }
 
 func (h *handler) getClusters(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth *auth.UserAuth) {
-	clusters, err := h.manager.GetActiveClusters(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+	clusters, err := h.manager.GetClusters(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
 	if err != nil {
 		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
 		return
@@ -163,10 +164,32 @@ func (h *handler) getClusters(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth *
 	apiClusters := make([]api.ProxyCluster, 0, len(clusters))
 	for _, c := range clusters {
 		apiClusters = append(apiClusters, api.ProxyCluster{
-			Address:          c.Address,
-			ConnectedProxies: c.ConnectedProxies,
+			Id:                  c.ID,
+			Address:             c.Address,
+			Type:                api.ProxyClusterType(c.Type),
+			Online:              c.Online,
+			ConnectedProxies:    c.ConnectedProxies,
+			SupportsCustomPorts: c.SupportsCustomPorts,
+			RequireSubdomain:    c.RequireSubdomain,
+			SupportsCrowdsec:    c.SupportsCrowdSec,
+			Private:             c.Private,
 		})
 	}
 
 	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, apiClusters)
 }
+
+func (h *handler) deleteCluster(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth *auth.UserAuth) {
+	clusterAddress := mux.Vars(r)["clusterAddress"]
+	if clusterAddress == "" {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "cluster address is required"), w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := h.manager.DeleteAccountCluster(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, clusterAddress); err != nil {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		return
+	}
+
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, util.EmptyObject{})
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/domain_validation_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/domain_validation_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb84d6cae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/domain_validation_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package manager
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+
+	domainmanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain/manager"
+	proxymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/mock_server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+const validationTestCluster = "eu.proxy.test"
+
+// withRealDomainManager swaps the stub cluster deriver for the real domain
+// manager backed by the same store, so service creation is gated by the actual
+// domain rows rather than by a test double that always agrees.
+func withRealDomainManager(t *testing.T, mgr *Manager, testStore store.Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	proxyMgr, err := proxymanager.NewManager(testStore, noop.NewMeterProvider().Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = proxyMgr.Connect(ctx, "proxy-1", "session-1", validationTestCluster, "127.0.0.1", nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	accountMgr := &mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+		StoreEventFunc: func(context.Context, string, string, string, activity.ActivityDescriber, map[string]any) {},
+	}
+	mgr.clusterDeriver = domainmanager.NewManager(testStore, proxyMgr, accountMgr)
+}
+
+func newTestService(domain string) *rpservice.Service {
+	return &rpservice.Service{
+		Name:    "test-service",
+		Domain:  domain,
+		Enabled: true,
+		Mode:    rpservice.ModeHTTP,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{{
+			Host:       "10.0.0.1",
+			Port:       8080,
+			Protocol:   "http",
+			TargetId:   testPeerID,
+			TargetType: "peer",
+			Enabled:    true,
+		}},
+	}
+}
+
+// A service must not bind to a domain the account has not validated, and
+// nothing may be persisted for the attempt.
+func TestCreateService_RefusesUnvalidatedDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, testStore := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	withRealDomainManager(t, mgr, testStore)
+
+	_, err := testStore.CreateCustomDomain(ctx, testAccountID, "unproven.example.com", validationTestCluster, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = mgr.CreateService(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, newTestService("unproven.example.com"))
+	require.Error(t, err, "an unvalidated domain must not bind a service")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "not validated", "the API error should name the actual problem")
+
+	sErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok, "error should be a typed status error")
+	assert.Equal(t, status.PreconditionFailed, sErr.Type())
+
+	services, err := testStore.GetAccountServices(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, services, "no service row should be written for a refused domain")
+}
+
+// The negative control: a validated domain still binds a service and derives
+// its cluster exactly as before.
+func TestCreateService_ValidatedDomainBindsService(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, testStore := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	withRealDomainManager(t, mgr, testStore)
+
+	_, err := testStore.CreateCustomDomain(ctx, testAccountID, "proven.example.com", validationTestCluster, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	created, err := mgr.CreateService(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, newTestService("app.proven.example.com"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, validationTestCluster, created.ProxyCluster, "service should bind to the domain's target cluster")
+
+	services, err := testStore.GetAccountServices(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1, "the service should be persisted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "app.proven.example.com", services[0].Domain)
+}
+
+// An update must not be a way around the creation gate: moving a live service
+// onto an unvalidated domain has to fail rather than silently keep the old
+// cluster and start serving the new hostname.
+func TestUpdateService_RefusesMoveToUnvalidatedDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, testStore := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	withRealDomainManager(t, mgr, testStore)
+
+	_, err := testStore.CreateCustomDomain(ctx, testAccountID, "proven.example.com", validationTestCluster, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = testStore.CreateCustomDomain(ctx, testAccountID, "unproven.example.com", validationTestCluster, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	created, err := mgr.CreateService(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, newTestService("app.proven.example.com"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	moved := *created
+	moved.Domain = "app.unproven.example.com"
+	_, err = mgr.UpdateService(ctx, testAccountID, testUserID, &moved)
+	require.Error(t, err, "moving to an unvalidated domain must fail")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "not validated")
+
+	stored, err := testStore.GetServiceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "app.proven.example.com", stored.Domain, "the service must keep its original domain")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/l4_port_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/l4_port_test.go
index c9976bf0e..2e7d704cd 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/l4_port_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/l4_port_test.go
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ package manager
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ func setupL4Test(t *testing.T, customPortsSupported *bool) (*Manager, store.Stor
 				Key:       "test-key",
 				DNSLabel:  "test-peer",
 				Name:      "test-peer",
-				IP:        net.ParseIP("100.64.0.1"),
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+				IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 				Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()},
 				Meta:      nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer"},
 			},
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ func setupL4Test(t *testing.T, customPortsSupported *bool) (*Manager, store.Stor
 
 	accountMgr := &mock_server.MockAccountManager{
 		StoreEventFunc:         func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string, _ activity.ActivityDescriber, _ map[string]any) {},
-		UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) {},
+		UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ types.UpdateReason) {},
 		GetGroupByNameFunc: func(ctx context.Context, groupName, accountID string) (*types.Group, error) {
 			return testStore.GetGroupByName(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, groupName)
 		},
@@ -485,6 +486,195 @@ func TestUpdate_AllowsPortChange(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, uint16(54321), updated.ListenPort, "explicit port change should be applied")
 }
 
+func TestUpdate_PreservesPortWhenCustomPortsNotSupported(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, testStore, _ := setupL4Test(t, boolPtr(false))
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	existing := seedService(t, testStore, "tcp-svc", "tcp", testCluster, testCluster, 12345)
+
+	updated := &rpservice.Service{
+		ID:           existing.ID,
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		Name:         "tcp-svc-renamed",
+		Mode:         "tcp",
+		Domain:       testCluster,
+		ProxyCluster: testCluster,
+		ListenPort:   0,
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{AccountID: testAccountID, TargetId: testPeerID, TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, Protocol: "tcp", Port: 9090, Enabled: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := mgr.persistServiceUpdate(ctx, testAccountID, updated)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "update must not be rejected by the custom-port capability check")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(12345), updated.ListenPort, "existing listen port should be preserved on unsupported cluster")
+}
+
+func TestUpdate_PreservesPortWhenCustomPortsUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, testStore, _ := setupL4Test(t, nil)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	existing := seedService(t, testStore, "tcp-svc", "tcp", testCluster, testCluster, 12345)
+
+	updated := &rpservice.Service{
+		ID:           existing.ID,
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		Name:         "tcp-svc-renamed",
+		Mode:         "tcp",
+		Domain:       testCluster,
+		ProxyCluster: testCluster,
+		ListenPort:   0,
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{AccountID: testAccountID, TargetId: testPeerID, TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, Protocol: "tcp", Port: 9090, Enabled: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := mgr.persistServiceUpdate(ctx, testAccountID, updated)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "update must not be rejected when cluster capability is unknown")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(12345), updated.ListenPort, "existing listen port should be preserved when capability is unknown")
+}
+
+func TestUpdate_RejectsPortChangeWhenCustomPortsNotSupported(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, testStore, _ := setupL4Test(t, boolPtr(false))
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	existing := seedService(t, testStore, "tcp-svc", "tcp", testCluster, testCluster, 12345)
+
+	updated := &rpservice.Service{
+		ID:           existing.ID,
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		Name:         "tcp-svc",
+		Mode:         "tcp",
+		Domain:       testCluster,
+		ProxyCluster: testCluster,
+		ListenPort:   54321,
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{AccountID: testAccountID, TargetId: testPeerID, TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, Protocol: "tcp", Port: 9090, Enabled: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := mgr.persistServiceUpdate(ctx, testAccountID, updated)
+	require.Error(t, err, "explicit port change on update must be rejected on unsupported clusters")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "custom ports not supported on target cluster")
+}
+
+func TestUpdate_TLSPortChangeAllowedWhenNotSupported(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, testStore, _ := setupL4Test(t, boolPtr(false))
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	existing := seedService(t, testStore, "tls-svc", "tls", "app.example.com", testCluster, 443)
+
+	updated := &rpservice.Service{
+		ID:           existing.ID,
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		Name:         "tls-svc",
+		Mode:         "tls",
+		Domain:       "app.example.com",
+		ProxyCluster: testCluster,
+		ListenPort:   9999,
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{AccountID: testAccountID, TargetId: testPeerID, TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, Protocol: "tcp", Port: 8443, Enabled: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := mgr.persistServiceUpdate(ctx, testAccountID, updated)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "TLS port change uses SNI routing and is exempt from the custom-port check")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(9999), updated.ListenPort, "TLS port change should be applied")
+}
+
+func TestValidateL4PortDiffOnClusterDiff(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		mode        string
+		customPorts *bool
+		newPort     uint16
+		oldPort     uint16
+		wantErr     bool
+	}{
+		{"tcp port change unsupported", "tcp", boolPtr(false), 54321, 12345, true},
+		{"tcp port change unknown capability", "tcp", nil, 54321, 12345, true},
+		{"udp port change unsupported", "udp", boolPtr(false), 54321, 12345, true},
+		{"tcp first port assignment unsupported", "tcp", boolPtr(false), 54321, 0, true},
+		{"tcp port change supported", "tcp", boolPtr(true), 54321, 12345, false},
+		{"tcp port unchanged unsupported", "tcp", boolPtr(false), 12345, 12345, false},
+		{"tcp zero port unsupported", "tcp", boolPtr(false), 0, 12345, false},
+		{"tls port change unsupported", "tls", boolPtr(false), 9999, 443, false},
+		{"http mode ignored", "http", boolPtr(false), 54321, 12345, false},
+		{"empty mode ignored", "", boolPtr(false), 54321, 12345, false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			newSvc := &rpservice.Service{Mode: tc.mode, ListenPort: tc.newPort, ProxyCluster: testCluster}
+			oldSvc := &rpservice.Service{Mode: tc.mode, ListenPort: tc.oldPort, ProxyCluster: testCluster}
+
+			err := validateL4PortDiffOnClusterDiff(tc.customPorts, newSvc, oldSvc)
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				assert.Error(t, err, "port diff should be rejected for %s", tc.name)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err, "port diff should be allowed for %s", tc.name)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUpdate_PortConflictRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, testStore, _ := setupL4Test(t, boolPtr(true))
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	seedService(t, testStore, "tcp-a", "tcp", "tcp-a."+testCluster, testCluster, 5432)
+	svcB := seedService(t, testStore, "tcp-b", "tcp", "tcp-b."+testCluster, testCluster, 6543)
+
+	updated := &rpservice.Service{
+		ID:           svcB.ID,
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		Name:         "tcp-b",
+		Mode:         "tcp",
+		Domain:       "tcp-b." + testCluster,
+		ProxyCluster: testCluster,
+		ListenPort:   5432,
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{AccountID: testAccountID, TargetId: testPeerID, TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, Protocol: "tcp", Port: 9090, Enabled: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := mgr.persistServiceUpdate(ctx, testAccountID, updated)
+	require.Error(t, err, "updating to a port held by another service should be rejected")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "already in use")
+}
+
+func TestUpdate_AutoAssignsWhenNoPort(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr, testStore, _ := setupL4Test(t, boolPtr(false))
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	existing := seedService(t, testStore, "tcp-svc", "tcp", testCluster, testCluster, 0)
+
+	updated := &rpservice.Service{
+		ID:           existing.ID,
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		Name:         "tcp-svc",
+		Mode:         "tcp",
+		Domain:       testCluster,
+		ProxyCluster: testCluster,
+		ListenPort:   0,
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{AccountID: testAccountID, TargetId: testPeerID, TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, Protocol: "tcp", Port: 9090, Enabled: true},
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := mgr.persistServiceUpdate(ctx, testAccountID, updated)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, updated.ListenPort >= autoAssignPortMin && updated.ListenPort <= autoAssignPortMax,
+		"auto-assigned port %d should be in range [%d, %d]", updated.ListenPort, autoAssignPortMin, autoAssignPortMax)
+	assert.True(t, updated.PortAutoAssigned, "PortAutoAssigned should be set when update triggers auto-assignment")
+}
+
 func TestCreateServiceFromPeer_TCP(t *testing.T) {
 	mgr, _, _ := setupL4Test(t, boolPtr(false))
 	ctx := context.Background()
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager.go
index 78cd92758..fa138edc9 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"math/rand/v2"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"slices"
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
@@ -76,6 +78,8 @@ type ClusterDeriver interface {
 type CapabilityProvider interface {
 	ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 }
 
 type Manager struct {
@@ -105,9 +109,31 @@ func (m *Manager) StartExposeReaper(ctx context.Context) {
 	m.exposeReaper.StartExposeReaper(ctx)
 }
 
-// GetActiveClusters returns all active proxy clusters with their connected proxy count.
-func (m *Manager) GetActiveClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
-	return m.store.GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx)
+// GetClusters returns every proxy cluster visible to the account
+// (shared + its own BYOP), regardless of whether any proxy in the
+// cluster is currently heartbeating. Each cluster is enriched with the
+// capability flags reported by its active proxies so the dashboard can
+// render feature support without a second round-trip.
+func (m *Manager) GetClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+	clusters, err := m.store.GetProxyClusters(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for i := range clusters {
+		clusters[i].SupportsCustomPorts = m.capabilities.ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
+		clusters[i].RequireSubdomain = m.capabilities.ClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
+		clusters[i].SupportsCrowdSec = m.capabilities.ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
+		clusters[i].Private = m.capabilities.ClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, clusters[i].Address)
+	}
+
+	return clusters, nil
+}
+
+// DeleteAccountCluster removes all proxy registrations for the given cluster address
+// owned by the account.
+func (m *Manager) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, clusterAddress string) error {
+	return m.store.DeleteAccountCluster(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) GetAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*service.Service, error) {
@@ -155,6 +181,9 @@ func (m *Manager) replaceHostByLookup(ctx context.Context, accountID string, s *
 			target.Host = resource.Domain
 		case service.TargetTypeSubnet:
 			// For subnets we do not do any lookups on the resource
+		case service.TargetTypeCluster:
+			// Cluster targets carry the upstream address on target_id; the
+			// proxy resolves the destination at request time.
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("unknown target type: %s", target.TargetType)
 		}
@@ -194,7 +223,7 @@ func (m *Manager) CreateService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, s
 
 	m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, s.ToProtoMapping(service.Create, "", m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()), s.ProxyCluster)
 
-	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceService, Operation: types.UpdateOperationCreate})
 
 	return s, nil
 }
@@ -253,6 +282,10 @@ func (m *Manager) validateSubdomainRequirement(ctx context.Context, domain, clus
 func (m *Manager) persistNewService(ctx context.Context, accountID string, svc *service.Service) error {
 	customPorts := m.clusterCustomPorts(ctx, svc)
 
+	if err := validateTargetReferences(ctx, m.store, accountID, svc.Targets); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		if svc.Domain != "" {
 			if err := m.checkDomainAvailable(ctx, transaction, svc.Domain, ""); err != nil {
@@ -260,7 +293,7 @@ func (m *Manager) persistNewService(ctx context.Context, accountID string, svc *
 			}
 		}
 
-		if err := m.ensureL4Port(ctx, transaction, svc, customPorts); err != nil {
+		if err := m.ensureL4Port(ctx, transaction, svc, customPorts, false); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -268,10 +301,6 @@ func (m *Manager) persistNewService(ctx context.Context, accountID string, svc *
 			return err
 		}
 
-		if err := validateTargetReferences(ctx, transaction, accountID, svc.Targets); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
 		if err := transaction.CreateService(ctx, svc); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create service: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -293,11 +322,11 @@ func (m *Manager) clusterCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, svc *service.Service)
 
 // ensureL4Port auto-assigns a listen port when needed and validates cluster support.
 // customPorts must be pre-computed via clusterCustomPorts before entering a transaction.
-func (m *Manager) ensureL4Port(ctx context.Context, tx store.Store, svc *service.Service, customPorts *bool) error {
+func (m *Manager) ensureL4Port(ctx context.Context, tx store.Store, svc *service.Service, customPorts *bool, serviceUpdate bool) error {
 	if !service.IsL4Protocol(svc.Mode) {
 		return nil
 	}
-	if service.IsPortBasedProtocol(svc.Mode) && svc.ListenPort > 0 && (customPorts == nil || !*customPorts) {
+	if service.IsPortBasedProtocol(svc.Mode) && svc.ListenPort > 0 && !serviceUpdate && (customPorts == nil || !*customPorts) {
 		if svc.Source != service.SourceEphemeral {
 			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "custom ports not supported on cluster %s", svc.ProxyCluster)
 		}
@@ -382,12 +411,16 @@ func (m *Manager) assignPort(ctx context.Context, tx store.Store, cluster string
 func (m *Manager) persistNewEphemeralService(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, svc *service.Service) error {
 	customPorts := m.clusterCustomPorts(ctx, svc)
 
+	if err := validateTargetReferences(ctx, m.store, accountID, svc.Targets); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		if err := m.validateEphemeralPreconditions(ctx, transaction, accountID, peerID, svc); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		if err := m.ensureL4Port(ctx, transaction, svc, customPorts); err != nil {
+		if err := m.ensureL4Port(ctx, transaction, svc, customPorts, false); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -395,10 +428,6 @@ func (m *Manager) persistNewEphemeralService(ctx context.Context, accountID, pee
 			return err
 		}
 
-		if err := validateTargetReferences(ctx, transaction, accountID, svc.Targets); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
 		if err := transaction.CreateService(ctx, svc); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create service: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -470,7 +499,7 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, s
 	}
 
 	m.sendServiceUpdateNotifications(ctx, accountID, service, updateInfo)
-	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceService, Operation: types.UpdateOperationUpdate})
 
 	return service, nil
 }
@@ -491,10 +520,22 @@ func (m *Manager) persistServiceUpdate(ctx context.Context, accountID string, se
 	svcForCaps.ProxyCluster = effectiveCluster
 	customPorts := m.clusterCustomPorts(ctx, &svcForCaps)
 
+	if err := validateTargetReferences(ctx, m.store, accountID, service.Targets); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Validate subdomain requirement *before* the transaction: the underlying
+	// capability lookup talks to the main DB pool, and SQLite's single-connection
+	// pool would self-deadlock if this ran while the tx already held the only
+	// connection.
+	if err := m.validateSubdomainRequirement(ctx, service.Domain, effectiveCluster); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	var updateInfo serviceUpdateInfo
 
 	err = m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		return m.executeServiceUpdate(ctx, transaction, accountID, service, &updateInfo, customPorts)
+		return m.executeServiceUpdate(ctx, transaction, accountID, service, &updateInfo, customPorts, effectiveCluster)
 	})
 
 	return &updateInfo, err
@@ -512,19 +553,22 @@ func (m *Manager) resolveEffectiveCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID string,
 		return existing.ProxyCluster, nil
 	}
 
-	if m.clusterDeriver != nil {
-		derived, err := m.clusterDeriver.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountID, svc.Domain)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Warnf("could not derive cluster from domain %s", svc.Domain)
-		} else {
-			return derived, nil
-		}
+	if m.clusterDeriver == nil {
+		return existing.ProxyCluster, nil
 	}
 
-	return existing.ProxyCluster, nil
+	// Falling back to the old cluster here would let an update move a service
+	// onto a domain the account has not validated, bypassing the check that
+	// creation makes.
+	derived, err := m.clusterDeriver.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountID, svc.Domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "could not derive cluster from domain %s: %v", svc.Domain, err)
+	}
+
+	return derived, nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) executeServiceUpdate(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, service *service.Service, updateInfo *serviceUpdateInfo, customPorts *bool) error {
+func (m *Manager) executeServiceUpdate(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, service *service.Service, updateInfo *serviceUpdateInfo, customPorts *bool, effectiveCluster string) error {
 	existingService, err := transaction.GetServiceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, service.ID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -542,17 +586,13 @@ func (m *Manager) executeServiceUpdate(ctx context.Context, transaction store.St
 	updateInfo.domainChanged = existingService.Domain != service.Domain
 
 	if updateInfo.domainChanged {
-		if err := m.handleDomainChange(ctx, transaction, accountID, service); err != nil {
+		if err := m.handleDomainChange(ctx, transaction, service, effectiveCluster); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	} else {
 		service.ProxyCluster = existingService.ProxyCluster
 	}
 
-	if err := m.validateSubdomainRequirement(ctx, service.Domain, service.ProxyCluster); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	m.preserveExistingAuthSecrets(service, existingService)
 	if err := validateHeaderAuthValues(service.Auth.HeaderAuths); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -561,15 +601,22 @@ func (m *Manager) executeServiceUpdate(ctx context.Context, transaction store.St
 	m.preserveListenPort(service, existingService)
 	updateInfo.serviceEnabledChanged = existingService.Enabled != service.Enabled
 
-	if err := m.ensureL4Port(ctx, transaction, service, customPorts); err != nil {
+	// if the service is being updated, and we decide in the future to allow mode update,
+	// we should reconsider the currently assigned port if not 0 for clusters that don't support custom ports
+	if err := validateL4PortDiffOnClusterDiff(customPorts, service, existingService); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
+	if err := m.ensureL4Port(ctx, transaction, service, customPorts, true); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// we can try carrying the previous service port into a new cluster, if this becomes a problem for multiple users,
+	// we should reconsider adding another check
 	if err := m.checkPortConflict(ctx, transaction, service); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if err := validateTargetReferences(ctx, transaction, accountID, service.Targets); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+
 	if err := transaction.UpdateService(ctx, service); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("update service: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -577,20 +624,33 @@ func (m *Manager) executeServiceUpdate(ctx context.Context, transaction store.St
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) handleDomainChange(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, svc *service.Service) error {
+// validateL4PortDiffOnClusterDiff checks if custom L4 ports are configured and validates port changes across clusters.
+// It ensures no port changes if custom ports are unsupported for a given cluster and protocol mode.
+// Returns an error if validation fails, otherwise returns nil.
+func validateL4PortDiffOnClusterDiff(customPorts *bool, newSVC, oldSVC *service.Service) error {
+	if !service.IsPortBasedProtocol(newSVC.Mode) || (customPorts != nil && *customPorts) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if newSVC.ListenPort != 0 && newSVC.ListenPort != oldSVC.ListenPort {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "custom ports not supported on target cluster %s", newSVC.ProxyCluster)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// handleDomainChange validates the new domain is free inside the transaction
+// and applies the pre-resolved cluster (computed outside the tx by
+// resolveEffectiveCluster). It must NOT call clusterDeriver here: that talks
+// to the main DB pool and would self-deadlock under SQLite (max_open_conns=1)
+// because the transaction already holds the only connection.
+func (m *Manager) handleDomainChange(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, svc *service.Service, effectiveCluster string) error {
 	if err := m.checkDomainAvailable(ctx, transaction, svc.Domain, svc.ID); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-
-	if m.clusterDeriver != nil {
-		newCluster, err := m.clusterDeriver.DeriveClusterFromDomain(ctx, accountID, svc.Domain)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithError(err).Warnf("could not derive cluster from domain %s", svc.Domain)
-		} else {
-			svc.ProxyCluster = newCluster
-		}
+	if effectiveCluster != "" {
+		svc.ProxyCluster = effectiveCluster
 	}
-
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -699,6 +759,10 @@ func validateTargetReferences(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, acco
 			if err := validateResourceTarget(ctx, transaction, accountID, target); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+		case service.TargetTypeCluster:
+			if err := validateClusterTarget(target); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		default:
 			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "unknown target type %q for target %q", target.TargetType, target.TargetId)
 		}
@@ -706,6 +770,13 @@ func validateTargetReferences(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, acco
 	return nil
 }
 
+func validateClusterTarget(target *service.Target) error {
+	if !target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "cluster target %s has direct upstream disabled", target.Host)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func validatePeerTarget(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, target *service.Target) error {
 	if _, err := transaction.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthShare, accountID, target.TargetId); err != nil {
 		if sErr, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && sErr.Type() == status.NotFound {
@@ -766,7 +837,7 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteService(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, serviceI
 
 	m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, s.ToProtoMapping(service.Delete, "", m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()), s.ProxyCluster)
 
-	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceService, Operation: types.UpdateOperationDelete})
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -781,6 +852,10 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID strin
 		}
 
 		for _, svc := range services {
+			if err = transaction.DeleteServiceTargets(ctx, accountID, svc.ID); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete service targets: %w", err)
+			}
+
 			if err = transaction.DeleteService(ctx, accountID, svc.ID); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete service: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -799,7 +874,7 @@ func (m *Manager) DeleteAllServices(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID strin
 		m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, svc.ToProtoMapping(service.Delete, "", oidcCfg), svc.ProxyCluster)
 	}
 
-	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceService, Operation: types.UpdateOperationDelete})
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -855,7 +930,7 @@ func (m *Manager) ReloadService(ctx context.Context, accountID, serviceID string
 
 	m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, s.ToProtoMapping(service.Update, "", m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()), s.ProxyCluster)
 
-	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceService, Operation: types.UpdateOperationUpdate})
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -866,12 +941,14 @@ func (m *Manager) ReloadAllServicesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID str
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get services: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	oidcCfg := m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()
+
 	for _, s := range services {
 		err = m.replaceHostByLookup(ctx, accountID, s)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to replace host by lookup for service %s: %w", s.ID, err)
 		}
-		m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, s.ToProtoMapping(service.Update, "", m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()), s.ProxyCluster)
+		m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, s.ToProtoMapping(service.Update, "", oidcCfg), s.ProxyCluster)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -923,6 +1000,10 @@ func (m *Manager) GetAccountServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*
 	return services, nil
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*service.Service, error) {
+	return m.store.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) GetServiceIDByTargetID(ctx context.Context, accountID string, resourceID string) (string, error) {
 	target, err := m.store.GetServiceTargetByTargetID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, resourceID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1037,11 +1118,11 @@ func (m *Manager) CreateServiceFromPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID s
 	}
 
 	m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, svc.ToProtoMapping(service.Create, "", m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()), svc.ProxyCluster)
-	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceService, Operation: types.UpdateOperationCreate})
 
 	serviceURL := "https://" + svc.Domain
 	if service.IsL4Protocol(svc.Mode) {
-		serviceURL = fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s:%d", svc.Mode, svc.Domain, svc.ListenPort)
+		serviceURL = fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s", svc.Mode, net.JoinHostPort(svc.Domain, strconv.Itoa(int(svc.ListenPort))))
 	}
 
 	return &service.ExposeServiceResponse{
@@ -1127,6 +1208,10 @@ func (m *Manager) deletePeerService(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, serv
 			return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "cannot delete service exposed by another peer")
 		}
 
+		if err = transaction.DeleteServiceTargets(ctx, accountID, serviceID); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("delete service targets: %w", err)
+		}
+
 		if err = transaction.DeleteService(ctx, accountID, serviceID); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("delete service: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -1149,7 +1234,7 @@ func (m *Manager) deletePeerService(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, serv
 
 	m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, svc.ToProtoMapping(service.Delete, "", m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()), svc.ProxyCluster)
 
-	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceService, Operation: types.UpdateOperationDelete})
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1176,6 +1261,10 @@ func (m *Manager) deleteExpiredPeerService(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerI
 			return nil
 		}
 
+		if err = transaction.DeleteServiceTargets(ctx, accountID, serviceID); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("delete service targets: %w", err)
+		}
+
 		if err = transaction.DeleteService(ctx, accountID, serviceID); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("delete service: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -1200,7 +1289,7 @@ func (m *Manager) deleteExpiredPeerService(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerI
 	meta := addPeerInfoToEventMeta(svc.EventMeta(), peer)
 	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, peerID, serviceID, accountID, activity.PeerServiceExposeExpired, meta)
 	m.proxyController.SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx, accountID, svc.ToProtoMapping(service.Delete, "", m.proxyController.GetOIDCValidationConfig()), svc.ProxyCluster)
-	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceService, Operation: types.UpdateOperationDelete})
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1210,7 +1299,7 @@ func addPeerInfoToEventMeta(meta map[string]any, peer *nbpeer.Peer) map[string]a
 		return meta
 	}
 	meta["peer_name"] = peer.Name
-	if peer.IP != nil {
+	if peer.IP.IsValid() {
 		meta["peer_ip"] = peer.IP.String()
 	}
 	return meta
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager_test.go
index 2147574d7..064e69daa 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@ package manager
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	cachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	proxymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager"
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
-func testCacheStore(t *testing.T) cachestore.StoreInterface {
+func testCacheStore(t *testing.T) nbcache.Store {
 	t.Helper()
 	s, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 30*time.Minute, 10*time.Minute, 100)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -292,6 +291,7 @@ func TestPersistNewService(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, status.AlreadyExists, sErr.Type())
 	})
 }
+
 func TestPreserveExistingAuthSecrets(t *testing.T) {
 	mgr := &Manager{}
 
@@ -402,7 +402,8 @@ func TestDeletePeerService_SourcePeerValidation(t *testing.T) {
 	testPeer := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		ID:   ownerPeerID,
 		Name: "test-peer",
-		IP:   net.ParseIP("100.64.0.1"),
+		IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 	}
 
 	newEphemeralService := func() *rpservice.Service {
@@ -430,7 +431,7 @@ func TestDeletePeerService_SourcePeerValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Helper()
 		tokenStore := nbgrpc.NewOneTimeTokenStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
 		pkceStore := nbgrpc.NewPKCEVerifierStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
-		srv := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(nil, tokenStore, pkceStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, nil, nil, nil)
+		srv := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(nil, tokenStore, pkceStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 		return srv
 	}
 
@@ -444,7 +445,7 @@ func TestDeletePeerService_SourcePeerValidation(t *testing.T) {
 			StoreEventFunc: func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, _ map[string]any) {
 				storedActivity = activityID.(activity.Activity)
 			},
-			UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) {},
+			UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ types.UpdateReason) {},
 		}
 
 		mockStore.EXPECT().
@@ -454,6 +455,9 @@ func TestDeletePeerService_SourcePeerValidation(t *testing.T) {
 				txMock.EXPECT().
 					GetServiceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, serviceID).
 					Return(newEphemeralService(), nil)
+				txMock.EXPECT().
+					DeleteServiceTargets(ctx, accountID, serviceID).
+					Return(nil)
 				txMock.EXPECT().
 					DeleteService(ctx, accountID, serviceID).
 					Return(nil)
@@ -546,7 +550,7 @@ func TestDeletePeerService_SourcePeerValidation(t *testing.T) {
 			StoreEventFunc: func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string, activityID activity.ActivityDescriber, _ map[string]any) {
 				storedActivity = activityID.(activity.Activity)
 			},
-			UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) {},
+			UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ types.UpdateReason) {},
 		}
 
 		mockStore.EXPECT().
@@ -556,6 +560,9 @@ func TestDeletePeerService_SourcePeerValidation(t *testing.T) {
 				txMock.EXPECT().
 					GetServiceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, serviceID).
 					Return(newEphemeralService(), nil)
+				txMock.EXPECT().
+					DeleteServiceTargets(ctx, accountID, serviceID).
+					Return(nil)
 				txMock.EXPECT().
 					DeleteService(ctx, accountID, serviceID).
 					Return(nil)
@@ -590,7 +597,7 @@ func TestDeletePeerService_SourcePeerValidation(t *testing.T) {
 			StoreEventFunc: func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string, _ activity.ActivityDescriber, meta map[string]any) {
 				storedMeta = meta
 			},
-			UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) {},
+			UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ types.UpdateReason) {},
 		}
 
 		mockStore.EXPECT().
@@ -600,6 +607,9 @@ func TestDeletePeerService_SourcePeerValidation(t *testing.T) {
 				txMock.EXPECT().
 					GetServiceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, serviceID).
 					Return(newEphemeralService(), nil)
+				txMock.EXPECT().
+					DeleteServiceTargets(ctx, accountID, serviceID).
+					Return(nil)
 				txMock.EXPECT().
 					DeleteService(ctx, accountID, serviceID).
 					Return(nil)
@@ -679,7 +689,8 @@ func setupIntegrationTest(t *testing.T) (*Manager, store.Store) {
 				Key:       "test-key",
 				DNSLabel:  "test-peer",
 				Name:      "test-peer",
-				IP:        net.ParseIP("100.64.0.1"),
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+				IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 				Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()},
 				Meta:      nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer"},
 			},
@@ -699,7 +710,7 @@ func setupIntegrationTest(t *testing.T) (*Manager, store.Store) {
 
 	accountMgr := &mock_server.MockAccountManager{
 		StoreEventFunc:         func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string, _ activity.ActivityDescriber, _ map[string]any) {},
-		UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) {},
+		UpdateAccountPeersFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ types.UpdateReason) {},
 		GetGroupByNameFunc: func(ctx context.Context, groupName, accountID string) (*types.Group, error) {
 			return testStore.GetGroupByName(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, groupName)
 		},
@@ -707,7 +718,7 @@ func setupIntegrationTest(t *testing.T) (*Manager, store.Store) {
 
 	tokenStore := nbgrpc.NewOneTimeTokenStore(ctx, testCacheStore(t))
 	pkceStore := nbgrpc.NewPKCEVerifierStore(ctx, testCacheStore(t))
-	proxySrv := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(nil, tokenStore, pkceStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, nil, nil, nil)
+	proxySrv := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(nil, tokenStore, pkceStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 
 	proxyController, err := proxymanager.NewGRPCController(proxySrv, noop.NewMeterProvider().Meter(""))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -745,7 +756,8 @@ func Test_validateExposePermission(t *testing.T) {
 			Key:       "other-key",
 			DNSLabel:  "other-peer",
 			Name:      "other-peer",
-			IP:        net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2"),
+			IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2"),
+			IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
 			Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now()},
 			Meta:      nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "other-peer"},
 		})
@@ -1128,7 +1140,7 @@ func TestDeleteService_DeletesTargets(t *testing.T) {
 
 	tokenStore := nbgrpc.NewOneTimeTokenStore(ctx, testCacheStore(t))
 	pkceStore := nbgrpc.NewPKCEVerifierStore(ctx, testCacheStore(t))
-	proxySrv := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(nil, tokenStore, pkceStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, nil, nil, nil)
+	proxySrv := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(nil, tokenStore, pkceStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 
 	proxyController, err := proxymanager.NewGRPCController(proxySrv, noop.NewMeterProvider().Meter(""))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1162,7 +1174,7 @@ func TestDeleteService_DeletesTargets(t *testing.T) {
 	mockAcct.EXPECT().
 		StoreEvent(ctx, userID, service.ID, accountID, activity.ServiceDeleted, gomock.Any())
 	mockAcct.EXPECT().
-		UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+		UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, gomock.Any())
 
 	err = mgr.DeleteService(ctx, accountID, userID, service.ID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1178,6 +1190,67 @@ func TestDeleteService_DeletesTargets(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Len(t, targets, 0, "All targets should be deleted when service is deleted")
 }
 
+func TestDeleteExpiredPeerService_DeletesTargets(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, testStore := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+
+	resp, err := mgr.CreateServiceFromPeer(ctx, testAccountID, testPeerID, &rpservice.ExposeServiceRequest{
+		Port: 8080,
+		Mode: "http",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	svcID := resolveServiceIDByDomain(t, testStore, resp.Domain)
+
+	targets, err := testStore.GetTargetsByServiceID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, svcID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, targets, 1, "ephemeral peer-exposed service should have exactly one persisted target before reaping")
+
+	expireEphemeralService(t, testStore, testAccountID, resp.Domain)
+	err = mgr.deleteExpiredPeerService(ctx, testAccountID, testPeerID, svcID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = testStore.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, resp.Domain)
+	require.Error(t, err, "expired peer-exposed service should be deleted")
+	s, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, status.NotFound, s.Type())
+
+	targets, err = testStore.GetTargetsByServiceID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, svcID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, targets, 0, "orphaned target rows must be deleted when an expired peer-exposed service is reaped")
+}
+
+func TestDeleteServiceFromPeer_DeletesTargets(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	mgr, testStore := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+
+	resp, err := mgr.CreateServiceFromPeer(ctx, testAccountID, testPeerID, &rpservice.ExposeServiceRequest{
+		Port: 8080,
+		Mode: "http",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	svcID := resolveServiceIDByDomain(t, testStore, resp.Domain)
+
+	targets, err := testStore.GetTargetsByServiceID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, svcID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, targets, 1, "ephemeral peer-exposed service should have exactly one persisted target before stopping")
+
+	err = mgr.StopServiceFromPeer(ctx, testAccountID, testPeerID, svcID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = testStore.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, resp.Domain)
+	require.Error(t, err, "stopped peer-exposed service should be deleted")
+	s, ok := status.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, status.NotFound, s.Type())
+
+	targets, err = testStore.GetTargetsByServiceID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID, svcID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, targets, 0, "orphaned target rows must be deleted when a peer stops its exposed service")
+}
+
 func TestValidateProtocolChange(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name    string
@@ -1330,3 +1403,66 @@ func TestValidateSubdomainRequirement(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestValidateTargetReferences_ClusterTargetSkipsLookup(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	accountID := "test-account"
+
+	// No peer or resource lookups must be issued for cluster targets.
+	targets := []*rpservice.Target{
+		{
+			TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+			TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypeCluster,
+			Options:    rpservice.TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, validateTargetReferences(ctx, mockStore, accountID, targets), "cluster target must validate without store lookups")
+}
+
+// TestValidateTargetReferences_ClusterTargetRequiresDirectUpstream pins the
+// store-side check that cluster targets must opt into the host-stack dial
+// path. Without DirectUpstream the proxy would route this target through
+// the embedded NetBird client and fail on every request.
+func TestValidateTargetReferences_ClusterTargetRequiresDirectUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	accountID := "test-account"
+
+	targets := []*rpservice.Target{
+		{
+			TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+			TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypeCluster,
+			Host:       "backend.lan",
+		},
+	}
+	err := validateTargetReferences(ctx, mockStore, accountID, targets)
+	require.Error(t, err, "cluster target without direct_upstream must be rejected")
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "direct upstream disabled")
+}
+
+func TestReplaceHostByLookup_SkipsClusterTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mockStore := store.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	accountID := "test-account"
+
+	mgr := &Manager{store: mockStore}
+
+	svc := &rpservice.Service{
+		ID:        "svc-1",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{
+				TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypeCluster,
+				Host:       "127.0.0.1",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.replaceHostByLookup(ctx, accountID, svc), "cluster target must not trigger peer/resource lookup")
+	assert.Equal(t, "127.0.0.1", svc.Targets[0].Host, "operator-supplied host must be preserved for cluster target")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go
index 769e037bc..ef92fbbf4 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service.go
@@ -45,21 +45,74 @@ const (
 	StatusCertificateFailed  Status = "certificate_failed"
 	StatusError              Status = "error"
 
-	TargetTypePeer   TargetType = "peer"
-	TargetTypeHost   TargetType = "host"
-	TargetTypeDomain TargetType = "domain"
-	TargetTypeSubnet TargetType = "subnet"
+	TargetTypePeer    TargetType = "peer"
+	TargetTypeHost    TargetType = "host"
+	TargetTypeDomain  TargetType = "domain"
+	TargetTypeSubnet  TargetType = "subnet"
+	TargetTypeCluster TargetType = "cluster"
 
 	SourcePermanent = "permanent"
 	SourceEphemeral = "ephemeral"
 )
 
+var ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost = errors.New("unsupported ip address for a direct upstream host")
+
 type TargetOptions struct {
 	SkipTLSVerify      bool              `json:"skip_tls_verify"`
 	RequestTimeout     time.Duration     `json:"request_timeout,omitempty"`
 	SessionIdleTimeout time.Duration     `json:"session_idle_timeout,omitempty"`
 	PathRewrite        PathRewriteMode   `json:"path_rewrite,omitempty"`
 	CustomHeaders      map[string]string `gorm:"serializer:json" json:"custom_headers,omitempty"`
+	// DirectUpstream bypasses the proxy's embedded NetBird client and dials
+	// the target via the proxy host's network stack. Useful for upstreams
+	// reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+	// sidecars). Default false.
+	DirectUpstream bool `json:"direct_upstream,omitempty"`
+	// Middlewares carries per-target agent-network middleware configs. Empty
+	// for private and operator-defined services; populated only by the
+	// agent-network synthesizer.
+	Middlewares             []MiddlewareConfig `gorm:"serializer:json" json:"middlewares,omitempty"`
+	CaptureMaxRequestBytes  int64              `json:"capture_max_request_bytes,omitempty"`
+	CaptureMaxResponseBytes int64              `json:"capture_max_response_bytes,omitempty"`
+	CaptureContentTypes     []string           `gorm:"serializer:json" json:"capture_content_types,omitempty"`
+	// AgentNetwork marks targets synthesised from Agent Network state. The
+	// proxy uses it to gate agent-network-specific behaviour (access log
+	// tagging, observability, etc.).
+	AgentNetwork bool `json:"agent_network,omitempty"`
+	// DisableAccessLog suppresses the per-request access-log emission for this
+	// target. Defaults false to preserve access-log behaviour for every
+	// non-agent-network target. The agent-network synthesizer sets this true
+	// only when the account's EnableLogCollection toggle is off.
+	DisableAccessLog bool `json:"disable_access_log,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// MiddlewareSlot mirrors proto.MiddlewareSlot / middleware.Slot.
+type MiddlewareSlot string
+
+const (
+	MiddlewareSlotOnRequest  MiddlewareSlot = "on_request"
+	MiddlewareSlotOnResponse MiddlewareSlot = "on_response"
+	MiddlewareSlotTerminal   MiddlewareSlot = "terminal"
+)
+
+// MiddlewareFailMode mirrors proto.MiddlewareConfig_FailMode.
+type MiddlewareFailMode string
+
+const (
+	MiddlewareFailOpen   MiddlewareFailMode = "fail_open"
+	MiddlewareFailClosed MiddlewareFailMode = "fail_closed"
+)
+
+// MiddlewareConfig is the per-target configuration for a single
+// middleware instance. Mirrors proto.MiddlewareConfig.
+type MiddlewareConfig struct {
+	ID         string             `json:"id"`
+	Enabled    bool               `json:"enabled"`
+	Slot       MiddlewareSlot     `json:"slot"`
+	ConfigJSON []byte             `json:"config_json,omitempty"`
+	FailMode   MiddlewareFailMode `json:"fail_mode,omitempty"`
+	TimeoutMs  int32              `json:"timeout_ms,omitempty"`
+	CanMutate  bool               `json:"can_mutate"`
 }
 
 type Target struct {
@@ -67,7 +120,7 @@ type Target struct {
 	AccountID     string        `gorm:"index:idx_target_account;not null" json:"-"`
 	ServiceID     string        `gorm:"index:idx_service_targets;not null" json:"-"`
 	Path          *string       `json:"path,omitempty"`
-	Host          string        `json:"host"` // the Host field is only used for subnet targets, otherwise ignored
+	Host          string        `json:"host"`
 	Port          uint16        `gorm:"index:idx_target_port" json:"port"`
 	Protocol      string        `gorm:"index:idx_target_protocol" json:"protocol"`
 	TargetId      string        `gorm:"index:idx_target_id" json:"target_id"`
@@ -200,6 +253,10 @@ type Service struct {
 	Mode             string `gorm:"default:'http'"`
 	ListenPort       uint16
 	PortAutoAssigned bool
+	// Private marks the service as NetBird-only: auth via ValidateTunnelPeer against AccessGroups instead of SSO. HTTP-only.
+	Private bool
+	// AccessGroups is the group ID allowlist for inbound peers on private services. Mutually exclusive with bearer SSO.
+	AccessGroups []string `json:"access_groups,omitempty" gorm:"serializer:json"`
 }
 
 // InitNewRecord generates a new unique ID and resets metadata for a newly created
@@ -299,6 +356,12 @@ func (s *Service) ToAPIResponse() *api.Service {
 		Mode:               &mode,
 		ListenPort:         &listenPort,
 		PortAutoAssigned:   &s.PortAutoAssigned,
+		Private:            &s.Private,
+	}
+
+	if len(s.AccessGroups) > 0 {
+		groups := append([]string(nil), s.AccessGroups...)
+		resp.AccessGroups = &groups
 	}
 
 	if s.ProxyCluster != "" {
@@ -308,6 +371,7 @@ func (s *Service) ToAPIResponse() *api.Service {
 	return resp
 }
 
+// ToProtoMapping converts the service into the wire format the proxy consumes.
 func (s *Service) ToProtoMapping(operation Operation, authToken string, oidcConfig proxy.OIDCValidationConfig) *proto.ProxyMapping {
 	pathMappings := s.buildPathMappings()
 
@@ -326,6 +390,7 @@ func (s *Service) ToProtoMapping(operation Operation, authToken string, oidcConf
 
 	if s.Auth.BearerAuth != nil && s.Auth.BearerAuth.Enabled {
 		auth.Oidc = true
+		auth.AllowedGroupIds = append([]string(nil), s.Auth.BearerAuth.DistributionGroups...)
 	}
 
 	for _, h := range s.Auth.HeaderAuths {
@@ -349,6 +414,7 @@ func (s *Service) ToProtoMapping(operation Operation, authToken string, oidcConf
 		RewriteRedirects: s.RewriteRedirects,
 		Mode:             s.Mode,
 		ListenPort:       int32(s.ListenPort), //nolint:gosec
+		Private:          s.Private,
 	}
 
 	if r := restrictionsToProto(s.Restrictions); r != nil {
@@ -381,13 +447,14 @@ func (s *Service) buildPathMappings() []*proto.PathMapping {
 		}
 
 		// HTTP/HTTPS: build full URL
+		hostNoBrackets := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(target.Host, "["), "]")
 		targetURL := url.URL{
 			Scheme: target.Protocol,
-			Host:   target.Host,
+			Host:   bracketIPv6Host(hostNoBrackets),
 			Path:   "/",
 		}
 		if target.Port > 0 && !isDefaultPort(target.Protocol, target.Port) {
-			targetURL.Host = net.JoinHostPort(targetURL.Host, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(target.Port), 10))
+			targetURL.Host = net.JoinHostPort(hostNoBrackets, strconv.FormatUint(uint64(target.Port), 10))
 		}
 
 		path := "/"
@@ -405,6 +472,19 @@ func (s *Service) buildPathMappings() []*proto.PathMapping {
 	return pathMappings
 }
 
+// bracketIPv6Host wraps host in square brackets when it is an IPv6 literal, as
+// required for the Host field of net/url.URL (RFC 3986 §3.2.2). v4-mapped IPv6
+// addresses are bracketed too since their textual form contains colons.
+func bracketIPv6Host(host string) string {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(host, "[") {
+		return host
+	}
+	if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(host); err == nil && addr.Is6() {
+		return "[" + host + "]"
+	}
+	return host
+}
+
 func operationToProtoType(op Operation) proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType {
 	switch op {
 	case Create:
@@ -441,7 +521,8 @@ func pathRewriteToProto(mode PathRewriteMode) proto.PathRewriteMode {
 }
 
 func targetOptionsToAPI(opts TargetOptions) *api.ServiceTargetOptions {
-	if !opts.SkipTLSVerify && opts.RequestTimeout == 0 && opts.SessionIdleTimeout == 0 && opts.PathRewrite == "" && len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 {
+	if !opts.SkipTLSVerify && opts.RequestTimeout == 0 && opts.SessionIdleTimeout == 0 &&
+		opts.PathRewrite == "" && len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 && !opts.DirectUpstream {
 		return nil
 	}
 	apiOpts := &api.ServiceTargetOptions{}
@@ -463,24 +544,83 @@ func targetOptionsToAPI(opts TargetOptions) *api.ServiceTargetOptions {
 	if len(opts.CustomHeaders) > 0 {
 		apiOpts.CustomHeaders = &opts.CustomHeaders
 	}
+	if opts.DirectUpstream {
+		apiOpts.DirectUpstream = &opts.DirectUpstream
+	}
 	return apiOpts
 }
 
 func targetOptionsToProto(opts TargetOptions) *proto.PathTargetOptions {
-	if !opts.SkipTLSVerify && opts.PathRewrite == "" && opts.RequestTimeout == 0 && len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 {
+	if !opts.SkipTLSVerify && opts.PathRewrite == "" && opts.RequestTimeout == 0 &&
+		len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 && !opts.DirectUpstream &&
+		len(opts.Middlewares) == 0 && opts.CaptureMaxRequestBytes == 0 &&
+		opts.CaptureMaxResponseBytes == 0 && len(opts.CaptureContentTypes) == 0 &&
+		!opts.AgentNetwork && !opts.DisableAccessLog {
 		return nil
 	}
 	popts := &proto.PathTargetOptions{
-		SkipTlsVerify: opts.SkipTLSVerify,
-		PathRewrite:   pathRewriteToProto(opts.PathRewrite),
-		CustomHeaders: opts.CustomHeaders,
+		SkipTlsVerify:    opts.SkipTLSVerify,
+		PathRewrite:      pathRewriteToProto(opts.PathRewrite),
+		CustomHeaders:    opts.CustomHeaders,
+		DirectUpstream:   opts.DirectUpstream,
+		AgentNetwork:     opts.AgentNetwork,
+		DisableAccessLog: opts.DisableAccessLog,
 	}
 	if opts.RequestTimeout != 0 {
 		popts.RequestTimeout = durationpb.New(opts.RequestTimeout)
 	}
+	if len(opts.Middlewares) > 0 {
+		popts.Middlewares = middlewaresToProto(opts.Middlewares)
+	}
+	popts.CaptureMaxRequestBytes = opts.CaptureMaxRequestBytes
+	popts.CaptureMaxResponseBytes = opts.CaptureMaxResponseBytes
+	if len(opts.CaptureContentTypes) > 0 {
+		popts.CaptureContentTypes = append([]string(nil), opts.CaptureContentTypes...)
+	}
 	return popts
 }
 
+// middlewaresToProto converts the internal middleware slice to the proto
+// representation sent to the proxy via the mapping stream.
+func middlewaresToProto(in []MiddlewareConfig) []*proto.MiddlewareConfig {
+	out := make([]*proto.MiddlewareConfig, 0, len(in))
+	for _, m := range in {
+		pm := &proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+			Id:         m.ID,
+			Enabled:    m.Enabled,
+			Slot:       middlewareSlotToProto(m.Slot),
+			ConfigJson: append([]byte(nil), m.ConfigJSON...),
+			CanMutate:  m.CanMutate,
+			FailMode:   middlewareFailModeToProto(m.FailMode),
+		}
+		if m.TimeoutMs > 0 {
+			pm.Timeout = durationpb.New(time.Duration(m.TimeoutMs) * time.Millisecond)
+		}
+		out = append(out, pm)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func middlewareSlotToProto(s MiddlewareSlot) proto.MiddlewareSlot {
+	switch s {
+	case MiddlewareSlotOnRequest:
+		return proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST
+	case MiddlewareSlotOnResponse:
+		return proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE
+	case MiddlewareSlotTerminal:
+		return proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_TERMINAL
+	default:
+		return proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_UNSPECIFIED
+	}
+}
+
+func middlewareFailModeToProto(m MiddlewareFailMode) proto.MiddlewareConfig_FailMode {
+	if m == MiddlewareFailClosed {
+		return proto.MiddlewareConfig_FAIL_CLOSED
+	}
+	return proto.MiddlewareConfig_FAIL_OPEN
+}
+
 // l4TargetOptionsToProto converts L4-relevant target options to proto.
 func l4TargetOptionsToProto(target *Target) *proto.PathTargetOptions {
 	if !target.ProxyProtocol && target.Options.RequestTimeout == 0 && target.Options.SessionIdleTimeout == 0 {
@@ -523,6 +663,9 @@ func targetOptionsFromAPI(idx int, o *api.ServiceTargetOptions) (TargetOptions,
 	if o.CustomHeaders != nil {
 		opts.CustomHeaders = *o.CustomHeaders
 	}
+	if o.DirectUpstream != nil {
+		opts.DirectUpstream = *o.DirectUpstream
+	}
 	return opts, nil
 }
 
@@ -537,6 +680,14 @@ func (s *Service) FromAPIRequest(req *api.ServiceRequest, accountID string) erro
 	if req.ListenPort != nil {
 		s.ListenPort = uint16(*req.ListenPort) //nolint:gosec
 	}
+	if req.Private != nil {
+		s.Private = *req.Private
+	}
+	if req.AccessGroups != nil {
+		s.AccessGroups = append([]string(nil), *req.AccessGroups...)
+	} else {
+		s.AccessGroups = nil
+	}
 
 	targets, err := targetsFromAPI(accountID, req.Targets)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -726,6 +877,9 @@ func (s *Service) Validate() error {
 	if err := validateAccessRestrictions(&s.Restrictions); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if err := s.validatePrivateRequirements(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	switch s.Mode {
 	case ModeHTTP:
@@ -739,6 +893,23 @@ func (s *Service) Validate() error {
 	}
 }
 
+// validatePrivateRequirements enforces the private-service contract: HTTP mode, ≥1 access group, no bearer auth.
+func (s *Service) validatePrivateRequirements() error {
+	if !s.Private {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if s.Mode != "" && s.Mode != ModeHTTP {
+		return fmt.Errorf("private services only support HTTP mode, got %q", s.Mode)
+	}
+	if len(s.AccessGroups) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("private services require at least one access group")
+	}
+	if s.Auth.BearerAuth != nil && s.Auth.BearerAuth.Enabled {
+		return errors.New("private services cannot enable bearer auth (SSO): NetBird-only access and SSO are mutually exclusive")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *Service) validateHTTPMode() error {
 	if s.Domain == "" {
 		return errors.New("service domain is required")
@@ -785,10 +956,20 @@ func (s *Service) validateHTTPTargets() error {
 	for i, target := range s.Targets {
 		switch target.TargetType {
 		case TargetTypePeer, TargetTypeHost, TargetTypeDomain:
-			// host field will be ignored
+			// Host is normally overwritten by replaceHostByLookup with the
+			// resolved peer IP / resource address; operator-supplied values
+			// are honored only when DirectUpstream is set. Validate the
+			// override here so misconfigured hosts fail fast at API time.
+			if err := validateDirectUpstreamHost(i, target); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 		case TargetTypeSubnet:
-			if target.Host == "" {
-				return fmt.Errorf("target %d has empty host but target_type is %q", i, target.TargetType)
+			if err := validateSubnetTarget(i, target); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case TargetTypeCluster:
+			if err := validateClusterTarget(i, target); err != nil {
+				return err
 			}
 		default:
 			return fmt.Errorf("target %d has invalid target_type %q", i, target.TargetType)
@@ -807,25 +988,108 @@ func (s *Service) validateHTTPTargets() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func validateSubnetTarget(idx int, target *Target) error {
+	host := strings.TrimSpace(target.Host)
+	if host == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d has empty host but target_type is %q", idx, target.TargetType)
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsAny(host, " \t/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: host %q contains invalid characters", idx, host)
+	}
+	if _, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: host %q must not include a port (set target.port instead)", idx, host)
+	}
+	noBrackets := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(host, "["), "]")
+	maybeip, err := netip.ParseAddr(noBrackets)
+	if err != nil { // not an ip
+		return nil //nolint:nilerr
+	}
+	if maybeip.Zone() != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid direct upstream host ip %s %w", maybeip.String(), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	}
+	if !target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if maybeip.IsLoopback() || maybeip.IsMulticast() || maybeip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid direct upstream host ip %s %w", maybeip.String(), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// validateClusterTarget cluster targets should not have empty hosts and should have direct upstream enabled.
+func validateClusterTarget(idx int, target *Target) error {
+	host := strings.TrimSpace(target.Host)
+	if host == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: has empty host", idx)
+	}
+	if !target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: %s has direct upstream disabled", idx, target.Host)
+	}
+	return validateDirectUpstreamHost(idx, target)
+}
+
+// validateDirectUpstreamHost validates the operator-supplied Host on a
+// peer/host/domain target when DirectUpstream is set. Empty Host is
+// allowed — the lookup fills in the default peer IP / resource address.
+// Without DirectUpstream the Host value is silently overwritten by
+// replaceHostByLookup, so we don't validate it (preserves the historical
+// behaviour where APIs accepted any value and dropped it). Non-empty
+// Host with DirectUpstream must look like a hostname or IP and must
+// not carry a port (port lives on Target.Port).
+func validateDirectUpstreamHost(idx int, target *Target) error {
+	if !target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+		return nil
+	}
+	host := strings.TrimSpace(target.Host)
+	if host == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if strings.ContainsAny(host, " \t/") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: host %q contains invalid characters", idx, host)
+	}
+	if _, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(host); err == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("target %d: host %q must not include a port (set target.port instead)", idx, host)
+	}
+	noBrackets := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(host, "["), "]")
+	maybeip, err := netip.ParseAddr(noBrackets)
+	if err != nil { // not an ip
+		return nil //nolint:nilerr
+	}
+	if maybeip.Zone() != "" || maybeip.IsLoopback() || maybeip.IsMulticast() || maybeip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid direct upstream host ip %s %w", maybeip.String(), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *Service) validateL4Target(target *Target) error {
 	// L4 services have a single target; per-target disable is meaningless
 	// (use the service-level Enabled flag instead). Force it on so that
 	// buildPathMappings always includes the target in the proto.
 	target.Enabled = true
 
-	if target.Port == 0 {
-		return errors.New("target port is required for L4 services")
-	}
 	if target.TargetId == "" {
 		return errors.New("target_id is required for L4 services")
 	}
+	// Cluster targets resolve their upstream host:port from the target's
+	// own Host/Port fields just like the other L4 types — buildPathMappings
+	// emits net.JoinHostPort(target.Host, target.Port) for every L4
+	// target, so allowing port=0 here would let ":0" reach the proxy.
+	if target.Port == 0 {
+		return errors.New("target port is required for L4 services")
+	}
 	switch target.TargetType {
 	case TargetTypePeer, TargetTypeHost, TargetTypeDomain:
-		// OK
+		if err := validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, target); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	case TargetTypeSubnet:
 		if target.Host == "" {
 			return errors.New("target host is required for subnet targets")
 		}
+	case TargetTypeCluster:
+		// target_id carries the cluster address; the proxy resolves
+		// the upstream at request time.
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid target_type %q for L4 service", target.TargetType)
 	}
@@ -1160,6 +1424,11 @@ func (s *Service) Copy() *Service {
 		}
 	}
 
+	var accessGroups []string
+	if len(s.AccessGroups) > 0 {
+		accessGroups = append([]string(nil), s.AccessGroups...)
+	}
+
 	return &Service{
 		ID:                s.ID,
 		AccountID:         s.AccountID,
@@ -1181,6 +1450,8 @@ func (s *Service) Copy() *Service {
 		Mode:              s.Mode,
 		ListenPort:        s.ListenPort,
 		PortAutoAssigned:  s.PortAutoAssigned,
+		Private:           s.Private,
+		AccessGroups:      accessGroups,
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service_test.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service_test.go
index ff54cb79f..84343bcdd 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/service_test.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/hash/argon2id"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
@@ -215,6 +216,64 @@ func TestValidateTargetOptions_CustomHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestValidate_DirectUpstreamHost(t *testing.T) {
+	target := Target{TargetId: "id-1", TargetType: TargetTypePeer, Host: "10.0.0.1", Port: 80, Protocol: "http", Enabled: true, Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}}
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "127.0.0.2")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "127.0.0.2:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "::1")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "::1%lo0")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1]:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1%lo0]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1%lo0]:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "169.254.100.100")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "fe80::1")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[fe80::1]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "224.100.100.100")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "ff00::ffff")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[ff00::ffff]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+
+	// empty host
+	assert.Nil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "   "}))
+	// host with a space
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with space"}))
+	// host with a tab
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with\ttab"}))
+	// host with a slash
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateDirectUpstreamHost(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with/slash"}))
+}
+
+func TestValidate_ValidateSubnetTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	target := Target{TargetId: "id-1", TargetType: TargetTypeSubnet, Host: "10.0.0.1", Port: 80, Protocol: "http", Enabled: true, Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}}
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "127.0.0.2")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "127.0.0.2:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "::1")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1]:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "::1%lo0")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1%lo0]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[::1%lo0]:80")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "169.254.100.100")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "fe80::1")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[fe80::1]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "224.100.100.100")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "ff00::ffff")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, targetWithHost(&target, "[ff00::ffff]")), ErrUnsupportedIPAddressUpstreamHost)
+
+	// empty host
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "   "}))
+	// host with a space
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with space"}))
+	// host with a tab
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with\ttab"}))
+	// host with a slash
+	assert.NotNil(t, validateSubnetTarget(0, &Target{Options: TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}, Host: "with/slash"}))
+}
+
+func targetWithHost(t *Target, host string) *Target {
+	t.Host = host
+	return t
+}
+
 func TestToProtoMapping_TargetOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	rp := &Service{
 		ID:        "svc-1",
@@ -249,6 +308,44 @@ func TestToProtoMapping_TargetOptions(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(30), opts.RequestTimeout.Seconds)
 }
 
+// TestToProtoMapping_AllowedGroupIds covers the list the proxy gates session
+// cookies on: without it the proxy can only check a cookie's signature, which
+// makes a token minted for a user outside the groups a bearer credential.
+func TestToProtoMapping_AllowedGroupIds(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("distribution groups reach the proxy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rp := &Service{
+			ID:        "svc-1",
+			AccountID: "acc-1",
+			Domain:    "example.com",
+			Auth: AuthConfig{
+				BearerAuth: &BearerAuthConfig{
+					Enabled:            true,
+					DistributionGroups: []string{"grp-1", "grp-2"},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		pm := rp.ToProtoMapping(Create, "token", proxy.OIDCValidationConfig{})
+
+		assert.True(t, pm.GetAuth().GetOidc())
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-1", "grp-2"}, pm.GetAuth().GetAllowedGroupIds())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a service open to the account carries no groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rp := &Service{
+			ID:        "svc-1",
+			AccountID: "acc-1",
+			Domain:    "example.com",
+			Auth: AuthConfig{
+				BearerAuth: &BearerAuthConfig{Enabled: true},
+			},
+		}
+		pm := rp.ToProtoMapping(Create, "token", proxy.OIDCValidationConfig{})
+
+		assert.True(t, pm.GetAuth().GetOidc())
+		assert.Empty(t, pm.GetAuth().GetAllowedGroupIds(), "an empty list must not restrict access")
+	})
+}
+
 func TestToProtoMapping_NoOptionsWhenDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	rp := &Service{
 		ID:        "svc-1",
@@ -351,6 +448,83 @@ func TestToProtoMapping_PortInTargetURL(t *testing.T) {
 			port:       80,
 			wantTarget: "https://10.0.0.1:80/",
 		},
+		{
+			name:       "domain host without port is unchanged",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "example.com",
+			port:       0,
+			wantTarget: "http://example.com/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "domain host with non-default port is unchanged",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "example.com",
+			port:       8080,
+			wantTarget: "http://example.com:8080/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "ipv6 host without port is bracketed",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "fb00:cafe:1::3",
+			port:       0,
+			wantTarget: "http://[fb00:cafe:1::3]/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "ipv6 host with default port omits port and brackets host",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "fb00:cafe:1::3",
+			port:       80,
+			wantTarget: "http://[fb00:cafe:1::3]/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "ipv6 host with non-default port is bracketed",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "fb00:cafe:1::3",
+			port:       8080,
+			wantTarget: "http://[fb00:cafe:1::3]:8080/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "ipv6 loopback without port is bracketed",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "::1",
+			port:       0,
+			wantTarget: "http://[::1]/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "ipv6 host with 5-digit port is bracketed",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "fb00:cafe::1",
+			port:       18080,
+			wantTarget: "http://[fb00:cafe::1]:18080/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "pre-bracketed ipv6 without port stays single-bracketed",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "[fb00:cafe::1]",
+			port:       0,
+			wantTarget: "http://[fb00:cafe::1]/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "pre-bracketed ipv6 with port is not double-bracketed",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "[fb00:cafe::1]",
+			port:       8080,
+			wantTarget: "http://[fb00:cafe::1]:8080/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "v4-mapped ipv6 host without port is bracketed",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "::ffff:10.0.0.1",
+			port:       0,
+			wantTarget: "http://[::ffff:10.0.0.1]/",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "full-form 8-group ipv6 without port is bracketed",
+			protocol:   "http",
+			host:       "fb00:cafe:1:0:0:0:0:3",
+			port:       0,
+			wantTarget: "http://[fb00:cafe:1:0:0:0:0:3]/",
+		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1039,3 +1213,201 @@ func TestValidate_HeaderAuths(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "exceeds maximum length")
 	})
 }
+
+func TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	require.NoError(t, rp.Validate(), "HTTP cluster target with target_id, host, and direct_upstream must validate")
+}
+
+func TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresTargetId(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "empty target_id", "cluster target must reject empty target_id")
+}
+
+// TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresHost pins the new cluster-target
+// rule that operator-supplied Host is mandatory: cluster targets dial the
+// upstream via the host network stack (direct_upstream is implied), so an
+// empty Host leaves the proxy with nothing to dial.
+func TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresHost(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "empty host", "cluster target must reject empty host")
+}
+
+// TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresDirectUpstream pins the second
+// half of the cluster-target rule: DirectUpstream must be true so the
+// stdlib transport branch in MultiTransport is taken. Without it the
+// embedded NetBird client would try to dial the cluster address through
+// the WG tunnel, which is the wrong network for a cluster upstream.
+func TestValidate_HTTPClusterTarget_RequiresDirectUpstream(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "direct upstream disabled", "cluster target must reject direct_upstream=false")
+}
+
+// TestValidate_L4ClusterTarget_RequiresPort confirms that an L4 cluster
+// target without an explicit port is rejected. buildPathMappings emits
+// net.JoinHostPort(target.Host, target.Port) for every L4 target — so
+// allowing port=0 would let the proxy ship ":0" upstreams. The port
+// requirement is the same as every other L4 target type.
+func TestValidate_L4ClusterTarget_RequiresPort(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Mode = ModeTCP
+	rp.ListenPort = 9000
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "tcp",
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "port is required",
+		"L4 cluster target must require an explicit port like other L4 target types")
+
+	rp.Targets[0].Port = 5432
+	rp.Targets[0].Host = "db.lan"
+	require.NoError(t, rp.Validate(), "L4 cluster target with host:port must validate")
+}
+
+func TestService_Copy_RoundtripsPrivate(t *testing.T) {
+	svc := validProxy()
+	svc.Private = true
+	svc.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}
+	cp := svc.Copy()
+	require.NotNil(t, cp)
+	assert.True(t, cp.Private)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}, cp.AccessGroups)
+
+	cp.Private = false
+	assert.True(t, svc.Private)
+
+	cp.AccessGroups[0] = "grp-other"
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}, svc.AccessGroups)
+}
+
+func TestService_APIRoundtrip_Private(t *testing.T) {
+	enabled := true
+	private := true
+	accessGroups := []string{"grp-admins"}
+	targets := []api.ServiceTarget{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: api.ServiceTargetTargetType("cluster"),
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Port:       80,
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	req := &api.ServiceRequest{
+		Name:         "svc-private",
+		Domain:       "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		Enabled:      enabled,
+		Private:      &private,
+		AccessGroups: &accessGroups,
+		Targets:      &targets,
+	}
+
+	svc := &Service{}
+	require.NoError(t, svc.FromAPIRequest(req, "acc-1"))
+	assert.True(t, svc.Private)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins"}, svc.AccessGroups)
+
+	resp := svc.ToAPIResponse()
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.Private)
+	assert.True(t, *resp.Private)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp.AccessGroups)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins"}, *resp.AccessGroups)
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_RequiresAccessGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "access group")
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_RejectsBearerAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins"}
+	rp.Auth.BearerAuth = &BearerAuthConfig{
+		Enabled:            true,
+		DistributionGroups: []string{"grp-sso"},
+	}
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "mutually exclusive")
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_AcceptsNonClusterTargets(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins"}
+	require.NoError(t, rp.Validate())
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_AcceptsClusterTargetWithAccessGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins"}
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "http",
+		Host:       "backend.lan",
+		Options:    TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	require.NoError(t, rp.Validate())
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Private_RejectsNonHTTPMode(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := validProxy()
+	rp.Private = true
+	rp.AccessGroups = []string{"grp-admins"}
+	rp.Mode = ModeTCP
+	rp.Targets = []*Target{{
+		TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		TargetType: TargetTypeCluster,
+		Protocol:   "tcp",
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}}
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, rp.Validate(), "HTTP")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey/sessionkey.go b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey/sessionkey.go
index aacbe5dca..1fb6a323d 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey/sessionkey.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey/sessionkey.go
@@ -20,6 +20,20 @@ type KeyPair struct {
 type Claims struct {
 	jwt.RegisteredClaims
 	Method auth.Method `json:"method"`
+	// Email is the calling user's email address. Carried so the
+	// proxy can stamp identity on upstream requests (e.g.
+	// x-litellm-end-user-id) without an extra management
+	// round-trip on every cookie-bearing request.
+	Email string `json:"email,omitempty"`
+	// Groups carries the user's group IDs so the proxy can stamp them
+	// onto upstream requests (X-NetBird-Groups) from the cookie path
+	// without an extra management round-trip.
+	Groups []string `json:"groups,omitempty"`
+	// GroupNames carries the human-readable display names for the ids
+	// in Groups, ordered identically (positional pairing). Slice may be
+	// shorter than Groups for tokens minted before names were
+	// resolvable; the consumer falls back to ids for missing positions.
+	GroupNames []string `json:"group_names,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func GenerateKeyPair() (*KeyPair, error) {
@@ -34,7 +48,13 @@ func GenerateKeyPair() (*KeyPair, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, domain string, method auth.Method, expiration time.Duration) (string, error) {
+// SignToken mints a session JWT for the given user and domain. email,
+// groups, and groupNames, when non-empty, are embedded so the proxy can
+// authorise and stamp identity for policy-aware middlewares without a
+// management round-trip on every cookie-bearing request. groupNames
+// pairs positionally with groups; pass nil when names couldn't be
+// resolved.
+func SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, email, domain string, method auth.Method, groups, groupNames []string, expiration time.Duration) (string, error) {
 	privKeyBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(privKeyB64)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("decode private key: %w", err)
@@ -56,7 +76,10 @@ func SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, domain string, method auth.Method, expiration
 			IssuedAt:  jwt.NewNumericDate(now),
 			NotBefore: jwt.NewNumericDate(now),
 		},
-		Method: method,
+		Method:     method,
+		Email:      email,
+		Groups:     append([]string(nil), groups...),
+		GroupNames: append([]string(nil), groupNames...),
 	}
 
 	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodEdDSA, claims)
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager.go
index 6b8f5fbb9..e62bd29be 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string,
 
 	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, zone.ID, accountID, activity.DNSZoneUpdated, zone.EventMeta())
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceZone, Operation: types.UpdateOperationUpdate})
 
 	return zone, nil
 }
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) DeleteZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneID
 		event()
 	}
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceZone, Operation: types.UpdateOperationDelete})
 
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager_test.go
index df39f8a8d..c817418b9 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/zones/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager.go b/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager.go
index dad8a8a14..36829920c 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneI
 	meta := record.EventMeta(zone.ID, zone.Name)
 	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, record.ID, accountID, activity.DNSRecordCreated, meta)
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceZoneRecord, Operation: types.UpdateOperationCreate})
 
 	return record, nil
 }
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneI
 	meta := record.EventMeta(zone.ID, zone.Name)
 	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, record.ID, accountID, activity.DNSRecordUpdated, meta)
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceZoneRecord, Operation: types.UpdateOperationUpdate})
 
 	return record, nil
 }
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) DeleteRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, zoneI
 	meta := record.EventMeta(zone.ID, zone.Name)
 	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, recordID, accountID, activity.DNSRecordDeleted, meta)
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceZoneRecord, Operation: types.UpdateOperationDelete})
 
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager_test.go b/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager_test.go
index db040c13c..c125ed06e 100644
--- a/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager/manager_test.go
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/factory/db_store.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/factory/db_store.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3eea0ae69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/factory/db_store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package networkmapdbfactory
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	networkmap_pgsql "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql"
+	networkmap_sqlite "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const storeSqliteFileName = "store.db"
+
+var ErrNotSupportedStoreEngine = errors.New("unsupported store engine")
+
+func NewNetworkMapDBStore(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	kind types.Engine,
+	dataDir string,
+	integratedPeerValidator integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator,
+	extraSettingsManager settings.Manager) (*networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl, error) {
+	switch kind {
+	case types.SqliteStoreEngine:
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Info("networkmap store is using SQLite")
+		storeFile := storeSqliteFileName
+		if envFile, ok := os.LookupEnv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_SQLITE_FILE"); ok && envFile != "" {
+			storeFile = envFile
+		}
+		store, err := networkmap_sqlite.NewSqliteStore(storeFile, dataDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return &networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl{
+			Store:                   store,
+			IntegratedPeerValidator: integratedPeerValidator,
+			ExtraSettingsManager:    extraSettingsManager,
+		}, nil
+	case types.PostgresStoreEngine:
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Info("using Postgres store engine")
+		dsn, err := mustLookupDsnEnv()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		store, err := networkmap_pgsql.NewPostgresqlStore(ctx, dsn)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		return &networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl{
+			Store:                   store,
+			IntegratedPeerValidator: integratedPeerValidator,
+			ExtraSettingsManager:    extraSettingsManager,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("networkmap store doesn't support engine %s, %w", kind, ErrNotSupportedStoreEngine)
+}
+
+func mustLookupDsnEnv() (string, error) {
+	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv(store.PostgresDsnEnv); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
+	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv(store.PostgresDsnEnvLegacy); ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("%s env var must be set when using postgres networkmap store", store.PostgresDsnEnv)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/network_map_data.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/network_map_data.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e83bfb34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/network_map_data.go
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+package networkmapdb
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+func (s *NetworkMapDBStoreImpl) GetNetworkMapData(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (*networkmap.NetworkMapData, error) {
+	tx, err := s.Store.BeginTx(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	acctSettings, err := tx.GetAccountSettings(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get account settings: %w", err))
+	}
+	dnsZones, err := tx.GetAppliedZoneCandidates(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get applied zone candidates: %w", err))
+	}
+	groups, resourceToGroupIdx, err := tx.GetGroups(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get groups: %w", err))
+	}
+	nsGroups, err := tx.GetNameServerGroups(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get nameserver groups: %w", err))
+	}
+	networkResources, err := tx.GetNetworkResources(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network resources: %w", err))
+	}
+	routers, err := tx.GetNetworkRouters(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network routers: %w", err))
+	}
+	network, err := tx.GetNetwork(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err))
+	}
+	peers, _, err := tx.GetPeers(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get peers: %w", err))
+	}
+	policies, policyToDestinationResourceIdx, policyToDestinationGroupIdx, err := tx.GetPolicies(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get policies: %w", err))
+	}
+	postureChecks, postureCheckXIDToPublicID, err := tx.GetPostureChecks(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get posture checks: %w", err))
+	}
+	routes, err := tx.GetRoutes(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get routes: %w", err))
+	}
+	networkXIDToPublicID, err := tx.GetNetworkXIDToPublicIdMap(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network xid to public id map: %w", err))
+	}
+	allowedUserIds, groupsToUserIds, err := tx.GetAllowedUsers(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get allowed users: %w", err))
+	}
+	dnsSettings, err := tx.GetDnsSettings(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get dns settings: %w", err))
+	}
+	domains, err := tx.GetDomains(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, err)
+	}
+	proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs, err := tx.GetProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return rollbackAndReturnError(ctx, tx, fmt.Errorf("failed to get proxy targeted domain resources: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	if err = tx.CommitTx(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to commit network map read transaction: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	resourcePolicies := buildResourcePolicies(
+		networkResources, policies, resourceToGroupIdx, policyToDestinationResourceIdx, policyToDestinationGroupIdx)
+
+	toret := networkmap.NetworkMapData{
+		AccountSettings:                &acctSettings,
+		DNSSettings:                    &dnsSettings,
+		Network:                        &network,
+		Peers:                          toMap(peers, func(p nmdata.Peer) string { return p.ID }),
+		Groups:                         toMap(groups, func(g nmdata.Group) string { return g.ID }),
+		Policies:                       toSliceOfPtrs(policies),
+		ResourcePolicies:               resourcePolicies,
+		Routes:                         toSliceOfPtrs(routes),
+		Routers:                        routers,
+		NameServerGroups:               toSliceOfPtrs(nsGroups),
+		NetworkResources:               toSliceOfPtrs(networkResources),
+		PostureChecks:                  toMap(postureChecks, func(pc nmdata.PostureChecks) string { return pc.ID }),
+		AllowedUserIDs:                 allowedUserIds,
+		GroupIDToUserIDs:               groupsToUserIds,
+		NetworkXIDToPublicID:           networkXIDToPublicID, // TODO (dmitri) maybe we can switch to public ids everywhere?
+		AppliedZoneCandidates:          dnsZones,
+		Domains:                        TwinProxyDomains(domains),
+		PostureCheckXIDToPublicID:      postureCheckXIDToPublicID,
+		ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs: proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs,
+	}
+
+	extraSettings, err := s.ExtraSettingsManager.GetExtraSettings(ctx, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	toret.ValidatedPeers, err = s.IntegratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, accountId, maps.Values(toret.Groups), maps.Values(toret.Peers), extraSettings)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &toret, nil
+}
+
+func rollbackAndReturnError(ctx context.Context, tx NetworkMapDBStoreConn, err error) (*networkmap.NetworkMapData, error) {
+	if errr := tx.RollbackTx(ctx); errr != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to rollback network map read transaction: %v", errr)
+	}
+	return nil, err
+}
+
+func toMap[T any](all []T, id func(t T) string) map[string]*T {
+	toret := make(map[string]*T, len(all))
+	for _, t := range all {
+		toret[id(t)] = &t
+	}
+	return toret
+}
+
+func toSliceOfPtrs[T any](all []T) []*T {
+	toret := make([]*T, 0, len(all))
+	for _, t := range all {
+		toret = append(toret, &t)
+	}
+	return toret
+}
+
+func buildResourcePolicies(networkResources []nmdata.NetworkResource,
+	policies []nmdata.Policy,
+	resourceToGroupIdx map[string]map[string]any,
+	policyToDestinationResourceIdx map[string]map[string]any,
+	policyToDestinationGroupIdx map[string]map[string]any) map[string][]*nmdata.Policy {
+
+	resourcePolicies := make(map[string][]*nmdata.Policy)
+	for _, resource := range networkResources {
+		if !resource.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		networkResourceGroups := resourceToGroupIdx[resource.ID]
+		for _, policy := range policies {
+			if !policy.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, ok := policyToDestinationResourceIdx[policy.ID][resource.ID]; ok {
+				resourcePolicies[resource.ID] = append(resourcePolicies[resource.ID], &policy) // TODO (dmitri) maybe use public id?
+				continue
+			}
+			if groupIds, ok := policyToDestinationGroupIdx[policy.ID]; ok {
+				for networkResourceGroup := range networkResourceGroups {
+					if _, ok := groupIds[networkResourceGroup]; ok {
+						resourcePolicies[resource.ID] = append(resourcePolicies[resource.ID], &policy)
+						break
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return resourcePolicies
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/network_map_data_test.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/network_map_data_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b694f5bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/network_map_data_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package networkmapdb
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// disabled network resource shouldn't be in the resulting map
+func TestBuildResourcePolicies_DisabledNetworkResource(t *testing.T) {
+	networkResources := []nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		{ID: "net-res-1", Enabled: false},
+	}
+	policies := []nmdata.Policy{
+		{ID: "policy-1", Enabled: true},
+	}
+	resourceToGroupIdx := map[string]map[string]any{}
+	policyToDestinationResourceIdx := map[string]map[string]any{
+		"policy-1": {
+			"net-res-1": struct{}{},
+			"net-res-3": struct{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	policyToDestinationGroupIdx := map[string]map[string]any{}
+
+	assert.Empty(t, buildResourcePolicies(
+		networkResources, policies, resourceToGroupIdx, policyToDestinationResourceIdx, policyToDestinationGroupIdx))
+}
+
+// disabled policy shouldn't be in the resulting map
+func TestBuildResourcePolicies_DisabledPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	networkResources := []nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		{ID: "net-res-1", Enabled: true},
+	}
+	policies := []nmdata.Policy{
+		{ID: "policy-1", Enabled: false},
+	}
+	resourceToGroupIdx := map[string]map[string]any{}
+	policyToDestinationResourceIdx := map[string]map[string]any{
+		"policy-1": {
+			"net-res-1": struct{}{},
+			"net-res-3": struct{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	policyToDestinationGroupIdx := map[string]map[string]any{}
+
+	assert.Empty(t, buildResourcePolicies(
+		networkResources, policies, resourceToGroupIdx, policyToDestinationResourceIdx, policyToDestinationGroupIdx))
+}
+
+// build ResourcePolicies via PolicyToDestinationResourceIdx only
+func TestBuildResourcePolicies_ViaPolicyToDestinationResourceIdx(t *testing.T) {
+	networkResources := []nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		{ID: "net-res-1", Enabled: true},
+		{ID: "net-res-2", Enabled: true},
+		{ID: "net-res-3", Enabled: true},
+	}
+	policies := []nmdata.Policy{
+		{ID: "policy-1", Enabled: true},
+		{ID: "policy-2", Enabled: true},
+		{ID: "policy-3", Enabled: true},
+	}
+	resourceToGroupIdx := map[string]map[string]any{}
+	policyToDestinationResourceIdx := map[string]map[string]any{
+		"policy-1": {
+			"net-res-1": struct{}{},
+			"net-res-3": struct{}{},
+		},
+		"policy-2": {
+			"net-res-2": struct{}{},
+		},
+		"policy-3": {
+			"net-res-1": struct{}{},
+			"net-res-2": struct{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	policyToDestinationGroupIdx := map[string]map[string]any{}
+
+	resourceToPolicies := buildResourcePolicies(
+		networkResources, policies, resourceToGroupIdx, policyToDestinationResourceIdx, policyToDestinationGroupIdx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{
+		"net-res-1": {
+			{ID: "policy-1", Enabled: true},
+			{ID: "policy-3", Enabled: true},
+		},
+		"net-res-2": {
+			{ID: "policy-2", Enabled: true},
+			{ID: "policy-3", Enabled: true},
+		},
+		"net-res-3": {
+			{ID: "policy-1", Enabled: true},
+		},
+	}, resourceToPolicies)
+}
+
+// build ResourcePolicies via PolicyToDestinationGroupIdx only
+func TestBuildResourcePolicies_ViaPolicyToDestinationGroupIdx(t *testing.T) {
+	networkResources := []nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		{ID: "net-res-1", Enabled: true},
+		{ID: "net-res-2", Enabled: true},
+		{ID: "net-res-3", Enabled: true},
+	}
+	policies := []nmdata.Policy{
+		{ID: "policy-1", Enabled: true},
+		{ID: "policy-2", Enabled: true},
+		{ID: "policy-3", Enabled: true},
+	}
+	resourceToGroupIdx := map[string]map[string]any{
+		"net-res-1": {
+			"group-1": struct{}{},
+			"group-2": struct{}{},
+		},
+		"net-res-2": {
+			"group-2": struct{}{},
+			"group-3": struct{}{},
+		},
+		"net-res-3": {
+			"group-3": struct{}{},
+			"group-4": struct{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	policyToDestinationResourceIdx := map[string]map[string]any{}
+	policyToDestinationGroupIdx := map[string]map[string]any{
+		"policy-1": {
+			"group-1": struct{}{},
+			"group-2": struct{}{},
+		},
+		"policy-2": {
+			"group-1": struct{}{},
+			"group-4": struct{}{},
+		},
+		"policy-3": {
+			"group-1": struct{}{},
+			"group-3": struct{}{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	resourceToPolicies := buildResourcePolicies(
+		networkResources, policies, resourceToGroupIdx, policyToDestinationResourceIdx, policyToDestinationGroupIdx)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{
+		"net-res-1": {
+			{ID: "policy-1", Enabled: true},
+			{ID: "policy-2", Enabled: true},
+			{ID: "policy-3", Enabled: true},
+		},
+		"net-res-2": {
+			{ID: "policy-1", Enabled: true},
+			{ID: "policy-3", Enabled: true},
+		},
+		"net-res-3": {
+			{ID: "policy-2", Enabled: true},
+			{ID: "policy-3", Enabled: true},
+		},
+	}, resourceToPolicies)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/account_settings.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/account_settings.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd5a36e35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/account_settings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetAccountSettingsQuery = `
+	select settings_peer_login_expiration_enabled as peer_login_expiration_enabled,
+	settings_peer_login_expiration as peer_login_expiration,
+	settings_peer_inactivity_expiration_enabled as peer_inactivity_expiration_enabled,
+	settings_peer_inactivity_expiration as peer_inactivity_expiration,
+	settings_dns_domain as dns_domain,
+	settings_ipv6_enabled_groups as ipv6_enabled_groups,
+	settings_routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled as routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled,
+	settings_lazy_connection_enabled as lazy_connection_enabled,
+	settings_auto_update_version as auto_update_version,
+	settings_auto_update_always as auto_update_always,
+	settings_metrics_push_enabled as metrics_push_enabled
+	from accounts
+	where id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetAccountSettingsQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	settings, err := pgx.CollectOneRow(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.Account])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	settingsInfo := nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled.Bool,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:             time.Duration(settings.PeerLoginExpiration.Int64),
+		PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled: settings.PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled.Bool,
+		PeerInactivityExpiration:        time.Duration(settings.PeerInactivityExpiration.Int64),
+		DNSDomain:                       settings.DNSDomain.String,
+		RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled: settings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled.Bool,
+		LazyConnectionEnabled:           settings.LazyConnectionEnabled.Bool,
+		AutoUpdateVersion:               settings.AutoUpdateVersion.String,
+		AutoUpdateAlways:                settings.AutoUpdateAlways.Bool,
+		MetricsPushEnabled:              settings.MetricsPushEnabled.Bool,
+	}
+	if settings.IPv6EnabledGroups != nil {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(settings.IPv6EnabledGroups, &settingsInfo.IPv6EnabledGroups); err != nil {
+			return nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return settingsInfo, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/dns.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/dns.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46ef0ddfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/dns.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetAccountZonesQuery = `
+	select zones.id as id, domain, not enable_search_domain as search_domain_disabled, distribution_groups,
+	r.name as record_name, r.type as record_type, 'IN' record_class, r.ttl as record_ttl, r.content as record_rdata
+	from zones
+	left join records as r on r.zone_id = zones.id
+	where zones.account_id=$1 and zones.enabled
+	order by zones.id
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetAppliedZoneCandidates(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetAccountZonesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	zones, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.Zone])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ZonesToAppliedZoneCandidates(zones)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/dns_settings.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/dns_settings.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aec44e0f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/dns_settings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetDnsSettingsQuery = `
+	select dns_settings_disabled_management_groups
+	from accounts
+	where id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetDnsSettings(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (nmdata.DNSSettings, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetDnsSettingsQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.DNSSettings{}, err
+	}
+
+	return pgx.CollectOneRow(rows, rowToDnsSettings)
+}
+
+func rowToDnsSettings(row pgx.CollectableRow) (nmdata.DNSSettings, error) {
+	var value nmdata.DNSSettings
+	var settings json.RawMessage
+
+	if err := row.Scan(&settings); err != nil {
+		return value, err
+	}
+
+	if settings == nil {
+		return nmdata.DNSSettings{}, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(settings, &value.DisabledManagementGroups); err != nil {
+		return value, err
+	}
+
+	return value, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/domain.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/domain.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8730007c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/domain.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetDomainsQuery = `
+	select domain, target_cluster
+	from domains
+	where account_id=$1 and domain<>'' and target_cluster<>''
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]networkmapdb.Domain, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetDomainsQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.Domain])
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/group.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/group.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..874e743a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/group.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetGroupsQuery = `
+	select id, name, public_id, resources,
+	(
+	  select array_agg(group_peers.peer_id)
+      from group_peers
+	  where group_peers.group_id = groups.id and group_peers.account_id=$1
+	) as peers
+	from groups where account_id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+// we also return a resource-to-group index.
+// an alternative is to add json indexes, query this directly. Not sure how expensive
+// json indexes are. TODO (dmitri) verify and maybe change the implementation here.
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetGroups(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Group, map[string]map[string]any, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetGroupsQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	groups, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[group])
+	toret := make([]nmdata.Group, 0, len(groups))
+	resourceToGroupIdx := make(map[string]map[string]any)
+
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		dg := nmdata.Group{}
+		err := networkmapdb.FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(
+			reflect.ValueOf(&g), reflect.ValueOf(&dg))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		toret = append(toret, dg)
+		for _, resource := range dg.Resources {
+			if _, ok := resourceToGroupIdx[resource.ID]; !ok {
+				resourceToGroupIdx[resource.ID] = make(map[string]any)
+			}
+			resourceToGroupIdx[resource.ID][g.ID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return toret, resourceToGroupIdx, err
+}
+
+type group struct {
+	ID        string
+	Name      sql.NullString
+	PublicID  sql.NullString
+	Resources json.RawMessage
+	Peers     []string
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/nameserver.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/nameserver.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12f215edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/nameserver.go
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetNameserversQuery = `
+	select id, public_id, name, description, name_servers, groups, "primary", domains, enabled, search_domains_enabled
+	from name_server_groups
+	where account_id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.NameServerGroup, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetNameserversQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	nsgroups, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.NameserverGroup])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertAllToSharedTypes[networkmapdb.NameserverGroup, nmdata.NameServerGroup](nsgroups)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/network.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/network.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d7d33bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/network.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetNetworkQuery = `
+	select network_identifier as identifier, network_net as net, network_net_v6 as net_v6, network_dns as dns, network_serial as serial
+	from accounts
+	where id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (nmdata.Network, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetNetworkQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.Network{}, err
+	}
+
+	n, err := pgx.CollectOneRow(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.AccountNetwork])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.Network{}, err
+	}
+
+	toret := nmdata.Network{}
+	err = networkmapdb.FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(
+		reflect.ValueOf(&n), reflect.ValueOf(&toret))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.Network{}, err
+	}
+
+	return toret, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/network_resource.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/network_resource.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48c9b0611
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/network_resource.go
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetNetworkResourcesQuery = `
+	select id, network_id, account_id, public_id, name, description, type, domain, prefix, enabled
+	from network_resources
+	where account_id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetNetworkResources(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.NetworkResource, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetNetworkResourcesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	netresorces, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.Networkresource])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertAllToSharedTypes[networkmapdb.Networkresource, nmdata.NetworkResource](netresorces)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/network_router.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/network_router.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..42d5e3b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/network_router.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetNetworkRouterQuery = `
+	select public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups,
+	(
+	  select array_agg(group_peers.peer_id)
+	  from group_peers
+	  where group_peers.account_id=$1 and group_peers.group_id in (select json_array_elements_text(peer_groups::json))
+	) as peers_via_groups
+	from network_routers
+	where account_id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetNetworkRouters(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetNetworkRouterQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	routers, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkrouter])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	toret := make(map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter)
+	for _, router := range routers {
+		if !router.Enabled.Bool {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		networkId := router.NetworkID.String
+		if networkId == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("router with public_id %s doesn't have network_id set", router.PublicID.String)
+		}
+
+		nmdatarouter := nmdata.NetworkRouter{}
+		err := networkmapdb.FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&router), reflect.ValueOf(&nmdatarouter))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if toret[networkId] == nil {
+			toret[networkId] = make(map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter)
+		}
+		if router.Peer.String != "" {
+			toret[networkId][router.Peer.String] = &nmdatarouter
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, peerId := range router.PeersViaGroups {
+			toret[networkId][peerId] = &nmdatarouter
+		}
+	}
+
+	return toret, nil
+}
+
+type networkrouter struct {
+	PublicID       sql.NullString
+	NetworkID      sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	Peer           sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	PeerGroups     json.RawMessage
+	PeersViaGroups []string `nmap:"skip"`
+	Masquerade     sql.NullBool
+	Metric         sql.NullInt64
+	Enabled        sql.NullBool
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/networks.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/networks.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..306356972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/networks.go
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetNetworksQuery = `
+	select id, public_id
+	from networks where account_id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetNetworkXIDToPublicIdMap(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetNetworksQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	networks, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.Network])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	toret := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, n := range networks {
+		if n.PublicID.Valid {
+			toret[n.ID] = n.PublicID.String
+		}
+	}
+
+	return toret, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/peer.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/peer.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..962669f7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/peer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetPeersQuery = `
+	select id, key, ssh_key, dns_label, extra_dns_labels, user_id, ssh_enabled, login_expiration_enabled, last_login, ip, ipv6,
+	peer_status_requires_approval, peer_status_connected, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster,
+	meta_wt_version, meta_go_os, meta_os_version, meta_kernel_version, meta_network_addresses, meta_files, meta_capabilities, meta_flags, meta_sync_message_version,
+	location_country_code, location_city_name, location_connection_ip
+	from peers
+	where account_id = $1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetPeers(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Peer, map[string][]*nmdata.Peer, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetPeersQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	peers, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.Peer])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertToNmdataPeers(peers)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/pg_store.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/pg_store.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cae610f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/pg_store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgconn"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgtype"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+)
+
+const (
+	pgMaxConnections    = 30
+	pgMinConnections    = 1
+	pgMaxConnLifetime   = 60 * time.Minute
+	pgHealthCheckPeriod = 1 * time.Minute
+)
+
+var _ networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStore = &PgStore{}
+
+type PgStore struct {
+	Pool     *pgxpool.Pool
+	Location *time.Location
+}
+
+type PgStoreConn struct {
+	Conn pgInterface
+}
+
+type pgInterface interface {
+	Query(ctx context.Context, sql string, args ...any) (pgx.Rows, error)
+	Exec(ctx context.Context, sql string, arguments ...any) (pgconn.CommandTag, error)
+}
+
+var _ networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreConn = &PgStoreConn{}
+
+func NewPostgresqlStore(ctx context.Context, dsn string) (*PgStore, error) {
+	pool, err := connectToPgDb(ctx, dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &PgStore{Pool: pool}, nil
+}
+
+// This is used to control the timezone timestamps returned in.
+// By default pgx returns timestamps in the local timezone,
+// which may not be desirable.
+// use .UsingTimeZone(time.UTC) to return timestamps in UTC TZ
+func (p *PgStore) UsingTimeZone(location *time.Location) {
+	p.Location = location
+}
+
+func (p *PgStore) UsingConnection(c *pgx.Conn) networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreConn {
+	if p.Location != nil {
+		c.TypeMap().RegisterType(&pgtype.Type{
+			Name:  "timestamptz",
+			OID:   pgtype.TimestamptzOID,
+			Codec: &pgtype.TimestamptzCodec{ScanLocation: time.UTC},
+		})
+	}
+
+	return &PgStoreConn{Conn: c}
+}
+
+func (p *PgStore) Exec(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...any) error {
+	_, err := p.Pool.Exec(ctx, query, args...)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (p *PgStore) BeginTx(ctx context.Context) (networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreConn, error) {
+	tx, err := p.Pool.BeginTx(ctx, pgx.TxOptions{IsoLevel: pgx.RepeatableRead, AccessMode: pgx.ReadOnly})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if p.Location != nil {
+		tx.Conn().TypeMap().RegisterType(&pgtype.Type{
+			Name:  "timestamptz",
+			OID:   pgtype.TimestamptzOID,
+			Codec: &pgtype.TimestamptzCodec{ScanLocation: time.UTC},
+		})
+	}
+	return &PgStoreConn{Conn: tx}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *PgStoreConn) RollbackTx(ctx context.Context) error {
+	tx, ok := c.Conn.(pgx.Tx)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected an pgx.Tx got %s", reflect.TypeOf(c.Conn).Kind())
+	}
+	return tx.Rollback(ctx)
+}
+
+func (c *PgStoreConn) CommitTx(ctx context.Context) error {
+	tx, ok := c.Conn.(pgx.Tx)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected an sql.Tx got %s", reflect.TypeOf(c.Conn).Kind())
+	}
+	return tx.Commit(ctx)
+}
+
+func connectToPgDb(ctx context.Context, dsn string) (*pgxpool.Pool, error) {
+	config, err := pgxpool.ParseConfig(dsn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse database config: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	config.MaxConns = pgMaxConnections
+	config.MinConns = pgMinConnections
+	config.MaxConnLifetime = pgMaxConnLifetime
+	config.HealthCheckPeriod = pgHealthCheckPeriod
+
+	pool, err := pgxpool.NewWithConfig(ctx, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to create connection pool: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := pool.Ping(ctx); err != nil {
+		pool.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to ping database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return pool, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/policy.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/policy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45927d7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/policy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetPoliciesQuery = `
+	select p.id, p.public_id, p.enabled, p.source_posture_checks, pr.enabled as rule_enabled, pr.action, pr.protocol, pr.bidirectional, 
+	pr.sources, pr.destinations, pr.source_resource, pr.destination_resource, pr.ports, pr.port_ranges,
+	pr.authorized_groups, pr.authorized_user
+	from policies as p
+	left join policy_rules as pr on p.id = pr.policy_id 
+	where account_id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Policy, map[string]map[string]any, map[string]map[string]any, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetPoliciesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	policies, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.Policy])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertToNmdataPolicy(policies)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/posture.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/posture.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aedfec2a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/posture.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetPostureChecksQuery = `
+	select id, public_id, checks
+	from posture_checks
+	where account_id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.PostureChecks, map[string]string, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetPostureChecksQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	checks, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.PostureChecks])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	toret := make([]nmdata.PostureChecks, 0, len(checks))
+	idToPublicIDIdx := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, c := range checks {
+		checks := nmdata.PostureChecks{}
+		err := networkmapdb.FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&c), reflect.ValueOf(&checks))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		toret = append(toret, checks)
+		idToPublicIDIdx[checks.ID] = c.PublicID.String
+	}
+
+	return toret, idToPublicIDIdx, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/route.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/route.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4f9a16c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/route.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetRoutesQuery = `
+	select id, account_id, public_id, network, domains, keep_route, net_id, description,
+	peer, peer as peer_id, peer_groups, network_type, masquerade, metric, enabled, 
+	groups, access_control_groups, skip_auto_apply
+	from routes
+	where account_id=$1
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetRoutes(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Route, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetRoutesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	routes, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.Route])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertAllToSharedTypes[networkmapdb.Route, nmdata.Route](routes)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/service.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/service.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d82046be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/service.go
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetServicesQuery = `
+	select enabled, private, array (select json_array_elements_text(access_groups::json)) as access_groups, proxy_cluster, domain
+	from services
+	where account_id=$1
+	`
+
+	GetProxyTargetedDomainResourcesQuery = `
+	select t.target_id
+	from targets as t
+	join services as s on s.id = t.service_id
+	where s.account_id=$1 and s.enabled and not coalesce(s.terminated, false)
+	and t.enabled and t.target_type='domain' and t.target_id is not null
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetPrivateServices(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]networkmapdb.Service, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetServicesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[networkmapdb.Service])
+}
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetProxyTargetedDomainResourcesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	ids, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowTo[string])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	toret := make(map[string]struct{}, len(ids))
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		toret[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return toret, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/user.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/user.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e22c3575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql/user.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package networkmap_pgsql
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetAllowedUserIdsQuery = `
+	select id, array (select json_array_elements_text(auto_groups::json)) as auto_groups
+	from users
+	where account_id=$1 and not blocked and not is_service_user
+	`
+
+	GetAllGroupIdQuery = `
+	select array_agg(id) from groups
+	where account_id=$1 and name='All'
+	`
+)
+
+func (pgc *PgStoreConn) GetAllowedUsers(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]struct{}, map[string][]string, error) {
+	rows, err := pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetAllowedUserIdsQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	users, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowToStructByName[user])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	rows, err = pgc.Conn.Query(ctx, GetAllGroupIdQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	allGroupIds, err := pgx.CollectOneRow(rows, pgx.RowTo[[]string])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	userIdIdx := make(map[string]struct{})
+	groupIdToUserIds := make(map[string][]string)
+	for _, user := range users {
+		userIdIdx[user.ID] = struct{}{}
+		for _, groupId := range user.AutoGroups {
+			groupIdToUserIds[groupId] = append(groupIdToUserIds[groupId], user.ID)
+		}
+		for _, allgid := range allGroupIds {
+			groupIdToUserIds[allgid] = append(groupIdToUserIds[allgid], user.ID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return userIdIdx, groupIdToUserIds, nil
+}
+
+type user struct {
+	ID         string
+	AutoGroups []string
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/shared_types.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/shared_types.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e468ba36a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/shared_types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+package networkmapdb
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+var ErrDnsUnsupportedRecordType = errors.New("unsupported record type")
+
+type NetworkMapDBStore interface { //nolint:revive // established name across the codebase
+	BeginTx(ctx context.Context) (NetworkMapDBStoreConn, error)
+	Exec(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...any) error
+}
+
+type NetworkMapDBStoreConn interface { //nolint:revive // established name across the codebase
+	GetGroups(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Group, map[string]map[string]any, error)
+	GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]Domain, error)
+	GetPeers(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Peer, map[string][]*nmdata.Peer, error)
+	GetPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Policy, map[string]map[string]any, map[string]map[string]any, error)
+	GetRoutes(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Route, error)
+	GetNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.NameServerGroup, error)
+	GetNetworkResources(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.NetworkResource, error)
+	GetNetworkRouters(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter, error)
+	GetNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (nmdata.Network, error)
+	GetAppliedZoneCandidates(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate, error)
+	GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo, error)
+	GetPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.PostureChecks, map[string]string, error)
+	GetAllowedUsers(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]struct{}, map[string][]string, error)
+	GetDnsSettings(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (nmdata.DNSSettings, error)
+	GetNetworkXIDToPublicIdMap(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]string, error)
+	GetPrivateServices(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]Service, error)
+	GetProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]struct{}, error)
+
+	CommitTx(ctx context.Context) error
+	RollbackTx(ctx context.Context) error
+}
+
+type NetworkMapDBStoreImpl struct { //nolint:revive // established name across the codebase
+	Store                   NetworkMapDBStore
+	IntegratedPeerValidator integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator
+	ExtraSettingsManager    settings.Manager
+}
+
+// The order of fields in these structs is important.
+// Mapping of results of sqlite queries relies on the order
+// of the fields in these structs, when a query or a struct changes,
+// corresponding changes must be made to its counterpart.
+
+type Account struct {
+	PeerLoginExpirationEnabled      sql.NullBool
+	PeerLoginExpiration             sql.NullInt64
+	PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled sql.NullBool
+	PeerInactivityExpiration        sql.NullInt64
+	DNSDomain                       sql.NullString
+	IPv6EnabledGroups               []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled sql.NullBool
+	LazyConnectionEnabled           sql.NullBool
+	AutoUpdateVersion               sql.NullString
+	AutoUpdateAlways                sql.NullBool
+	MetricsPushEnabled              sql.NullBool
+}
+
+type Domain struct {
+	Domain        sql.NullString
+	TargetCluster sql.NullString
+}
+
+type Service struct {
+	Enabled      sql.NullBool
+	Private      sql.NullBool
+	AccessGroups []string
+	ProxyCluster sql.NullString
+	Domain       sql.NullString
+}
+
+type Zone struct {
+	Id                   string `nmap:"skip"`
+	Domain               sql.NullString
+	SearchDomainDisabled sql.NullBool
+	DistributionGroups   []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	RecordName           sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	RecordType           sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	RecordClass          sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	RecordTTL            sql.NullInt64  `nmap:"skip"`
+	RecordRData          sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+}
+
+type NameserverGroup struct {
+	ID                   string
+	PublicID             sql.NullString
+	Name                 sql.NullString
+	Description          sql.NullString
+	NameServers          []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	Groups               []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	Primary              sql.NullBool
+	Domains              []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	Enabled              sql.NullBool
+	SearchDomainsEnabled sql.NullBool
+}
+
+type Networkresource struct {
+	ID          string
+	NetworkID   sql.NullString
+	AccountID   sql.NullString
+	PublicID    sql.NullString
+	Name        sql.NullString
+	Description sql.NullString
+	Type        sql.NullString
+	Domain      sql.NullString
+	Prefix      []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	Enabled     sql.NullBool
+}
+
+type AccountNetwork struct {
+	Identifier sql.NullString
+	Net        []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	NetV6      []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	Dns        sql.NullString
+	Serial     sql.NullInt64
+}
+
+type Network struct {
+	ID       string
+	PublicID sql.NullString
+}
+
+type Policy struct {
+	ID                  string
+	PublicID            sql.NullString
+	Enabled             sql.NullBool
+	SourcePostureChecks []byte         `nmap:"json"`
+	RuleEnabled         sql.NullBool   `nmap:"skip"`
+	Action              sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	Protocol            sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	Bidirectional       sql.NullBool   `nmap:"skip"`
+	Sources             []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	Destinations        []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	SourceResource      []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	DestinationResource []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	Ports               []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	PortRanges          []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	AuthorizedGroups    []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	AuthorizedUser      sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+}
+
+// Depending on db interface LastLogin contains time in different formats:
+// for sqlite/sql.NullTime the time in UTC
+// for pgx the time is in the local timezone
+// TODO add support for creating struct fields from denormalized fields
+type Peer struct {
+	ID                         string
+	Key                        sql.NullString
+	SSHKey                     sql.NullString
+	DNSLabel                   sql.NullString
+	ExtraDNSLabels             []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	UserID                     sql.NullString
+	SSHEnabled                 sql.NullBool
+	LoginExpirationEnabled     sql.NullBool
+	LastLogin                  sql.NullTime
+	IP                         []byte         `nmap:"json"`
+	IPv6                       []byte         `nmap:"json"`
+	PeerStatusRequiresApproval sql.NullBool   `nmap:"map_to:RequiresApproval"`
+	PeerStatusConnected        sql.NullBool   `nmap:"skip"`
+	ProxyMetaEmbedded          sql.NullBool   `nmap:"skip"`
+	ProxyMetaCluster           sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	MetaWtVersion              sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	MetaGoOS                   sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	MetaOSVersion              sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	MetaKernelVersion          sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	MetaNetworkAddresses       []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	MetaFiles                  []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	MetaCapabilities           []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	MetaFlags                  []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+	MetaSyncMessageVersion     sql.NullInt64  `nmap:"skip"`
+	LocationCountryCode        sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	LocationCityName           sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	LocationConnectionIp       []byte         `nmap:"skip,json"`
+}
+
+type PostureChecks struct {
+	ID       string
+	PublicID sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	Checks   []byte         `nmap:"json"`
+}
+
+type Route struct {
+	ID                  string
+	AccountID           sql.NullString
+	PublicID            sql.NullString
+	Network             []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	Domains             []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	KeepRoute           sql.NullBool
+	NetID               sql.NullString
+	Description         sql.NullString
+	Peer                sql.NullString
+	PeerID              sql.NullString
+	PeerGroups          []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	NetworkType         sql.NullInt64
+	Masquerade          sql.NullBool
+	Metric              sql.NullInt64
+	Enabled             sql.NullBool
+	Groups              []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	AccessControlGroups []byte `nmap:"json"`
+	SkipAutoApply       sql.NullBool
+}
+
+func RecordTypeAndRdata(t, rdata string) (int, string, error) {
+	switch t {
+	case "A":
+		return int(dns.TypeA), rdata, nil
+	case "AAAA":
+		return int(dns.TypeAAAA), rdata, nil
+	case "CNAME":
+		return int(dns.TypeCNAME), dns.Fqdn(rdata), nil
+	default:
+		return 0, "", fmt.Errorf("record type: %s %w", t, ErrDnsUnsupportedRecordType)
+	}
+}
+
+func ZonesToAppliedZoneCandidates(zones []Zone) ([]networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate, error) {
+	toret := make([]networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate, 0, len(zones))
+	currentZoneId := ""
+	for _, z := range zones {
+		if !z.RecordType.Valid {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		zone := nmdata.CustomZone{}
+		err := FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(
+			reflect.ValueOf(&z), reflect.ValueOf(&zone))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		var distributionGroups []string
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(z.DistributionGroups, &distributionGroups); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if z.Id != currentZoneId {
+			// The account-side builder (types.buildAppliedZoneCandidates) states
+			// the shape of an applied zone: names fully qualified, served
+			// non-authoritatively. Both builders feed the same client-facing map,
+			// so this one has to produce the same value.
+			zone.Domain = dns.Fqdn(zone.Domain)
+			zone.NonAuthoritative = true
+			zone.Records = []nmdata.SimpleRecord{}
+			toret = append(toret, AppliedZoneCandidateFromZone(zone, distributionGroups))
+			currentZoneId = z.Id
+		}
+
+		rtype, rdata, err := RecordTypeAndRdata(z.RecordType.String, z.RecordRData.String)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, ErrDnsUnsupportedRecordType) {
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		lastZone := &toret[len(toret)-1]
+		lastZone.Zone.Records = append(lastZone.Zone.Records, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+			Name:  dns.Fqdn(z.RecordName.String),
+			Class: z.RecordClass.String,
+			TTL:   int(z.RecordTTL.Int64),
+			RData: rdata,
+			Type:  rtype,
+		})
+	}
+	return toret, nil
+}
+
+func AppliedZoneCandidateFromZone(z nmdata.CustomZone, distributionGroups []string) networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate {
+	return networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate{
+		DistributionGroups: distributionGroups,
+		Zone:               z,
+	}
+}
+
+func ConvertToNmdataPeers(peers []Peer) ([]nmdata.Peer, map[string][]*nmdata.Peer, error) {
+	toret := make([]nmdata.Peer, 0, len(peers))
+	clusterToPeerIdx := make(map[string][]*nmdata.Peer)
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		dp := nmdata.Peer{}
+		err := FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(
+			reflect.ValueOf(&p), reflect.ValueOf(&dp))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+
+		if p.ProxyMetaEmbedded.Valid {
+			dp.ProxyMeta.Embedded = p.ProxyMetaEmbedded.Bool
+		}
+		dp.ProxyMeta.Cluster = p.ProxyMetaCluster.String
+		// This is only used to build private service candidates, not connected peers are skipped
+		dp.Connected = p.PeerStatusConnected.Bool
+		if dp.ProxyMeta.Embedded && p.PeerStatusConnected.Bool {
+			clusterToPeerIdx[p.ProxyMetaCluster.String] = append(clusterToPeerIdx[p.ProxyMetaCluster.String], &dp)
+		}
+		if p.MetaWtVersion.Valid {
+			dp.Meta.WtVersion = p.MetaWtVersion.String
+		}
+		if p.MetaSyncMessageVersion.Valid {
+			dp.Meta.SyncMessageVersion = int(p.MetaSyncMessageVersion.Int64)
+		}
+		if p.MetaGoOS.Valid {
+			dp.Meta.GoOS = p.MetaGoOS.String
+		}
+		if p.MetaOSVersion.Valid {
+			dp.Meta.OSVersion = p.MetaOSVersion.String
+		}
+		if p.MetaKernelVersion.Valid {
+			dp.Meta.KernelVersion = p.MetaKernelVersion.String
+		}
+		if p.LocationCountryCode.Valid {
+			dp.Location.CountryCode = p.LocationCountryCode.String
+		}
+		if p.LocationCityName.Valid {
+			dp.Location.CityName = p.LocationCityName.String
+		}
+		if p.LocationConnectionIp != nil {
+			err := json.Unmarshal(p.LocationConnectionIp, &dp.Location.ConnectionIP)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if p.MetaFiles != nil {
+			err := json.Unmarshal(p.MetaFiles, &dp.Meta.Files)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if p.MetaCapabilities != nil {
+			err := json.Unmarshal(p.MetaCapabilities, &dp.Meta.Capabilities)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if p.MetaFlags != nil {
+			err := json.Unmarshal(p.MetaFlags, &dp.Meta.Flags)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if p.MetaNetworkAddresses != nil {
+			err := json.Unmarshal(p.MetaNetworkAddresses, &dp.Meta.NetworkAddresses)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		toret = append(toret, dp)
+	}
+
+	return toret, clusterToPeerIdx, nil
+}
+
+func ConvertToNmdataPolicy(policies []Policy) ([]nmdata.Policy, map[string]map[string]any, map[string]map[string]any, error) {
+	toret := make([]nmdata.Policy, 0, len(policies))
+	policyToDestinationResourceIdx := make(map[string]map[string]any) // policy id to destination resource id
+	policyToDestinationGroupIdx := make(map[string]map[string]any)    // policy id to destination group id
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		policy := nmdata.Policy{}
+		err := FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(
+			reflect.ValueOf(&p), reflect.ValueOf(&policy))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, nil, err
+		}
+
+		var policyRule *nmdata.PolicyRule
+		pr := func() *nmdata.PolicyRule {
+			if policyRule != nil {
+				return policyRule
+			}
+
+			policyRule = &nmdata.PolicyRule{}
+			return policyRule
+		}
+
+		if p.RuleEnabled.Valid {
+			pr().Enabled = p.RuleEnabled.Bool
+		}
+		if p.Action.Valid {
+			pr().Action = p.Action.String
+		}
+		if p.Protocol.Valid {
+			pr().Protocol = p.Protocol.String
+		}
+		if p.Bidirectional.Valid {
+			pr().Bidirectional = p.Bidirectional.Bool
+		}
+		if len(p.Sources) > 0 {
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(p.Sources), &pr().Sources)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if len(p.Destinations) > 0 {
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(p.Destinations), &pr().Destinations)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, nil, err
+			}
+
+			if p.RuleEnabled.Valid && p.RuleEnabled.Bool {
+				for _, dst := range pr().Destinations {
+					if _, ok := policyToDestinationGroupIdx[p.ID]; !ok {
+						policyToDestinationGroupIdx[p.ID] = make(map[string]any)
+					}
+					policyToDestinationGroupIdx[p.ID][dst] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if len(p.SourceResource) > 0 {
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(p.SourceResource), &pr().SourceResource)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if len(p.DestinationResource) > 0 {
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(p.DestinationResource), &pr().DestinationResource)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, nil, err
+			}
+
+			if p.RuleEnabled.Valid && p.RuleEnabled.Bool {
+				if _, ok := policyToDestinationResourceIdx[p.ID]; !ok {
+					policyToDestinationResourceIdx[p.ID] = make(map[string]any)
+				}
+				policyToDestinationResourceIdx[p.ID][pr().DestinationResource.ID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+		if len(p.Ports) > 0 {
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(p.Ports), &pr().Ports)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if len(p.PortRanges) > 0 {
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(p.PortRanges), &pr().PortRanges)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if len(p.AuthorizedGroups) > 0 {
+			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(p.AuthorizedGroups), &pr().AuthorizedGroups)
+			if err != nil {
+				return toret, nil, nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if p.AuthorizedUser.Valid {
+			pr().AuthorizedUser = p.AuthorizedUser.String
+		}
+
+		if policyRule != nil {
+			policyRule.ID = p.ID
+			policyRule.PolicyID = p.ID
+			policy.Rules = []*nmdata.PolicyRule{policyRule}
+		}
+
+		toret = append(toret, policy)
+	}
+
+	return toret, policyToDestinationResourceIdx, policyToDestinationGroupIdx, nil
+}
+
+// TwinProxyDomains converts registered reverse-proxy domain rows to their slim
+// twins, so private-service zone apex resolution runs on the twin.
+func TwinProxyDomains(domains []Domain) []nmdata.ProxyDomain {
+	if len(domains) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]nmdata.ProxyDomain, 0, len(domains))
+	for _, d := range domains {
+		out = append(out, nmdata.ProxyDomain{Domain: d.Domain.String, TargetCluster: d.TargetCluster.String})
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/shared_types_test.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/shared_types_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a1239e26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/shared_types_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package networkmapdb
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestRecordTypeAndRdata(t *testing.T) {
+	var tests = []struct {
+		recordType         string
+		expectedRecordType int
+		rdata              string
+		expectedRdata      string
+		expectedErr        error
+	}{
+		{recordType: "A", expectedRecordType: 1, rdata: "test.com", expectedRdata: "test.com", expectedErr: nil},
+		{recordType: "AAAA", expectedRecordType: 28, rdata: "test.com", expectedRdata: "test.com", expectedErr: nil},
+		{recordType: "CNAME", expectedRecordType: 5, rdata: "test.com", expectedRdata: "test.com.", expectedErr: nil},
+		{recordType: "CNAME", expectedRecordType: 5, rdata: "test.com.", expectedRdata: "test.com.", expectedErr: nil},
+		{recordType: "TypeMX", expectedErr: ErrDnsUnsupportedRecordType},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.recordType, func(t *testing.T) {
+			recordType, rdata, err := RecordTypeAndRdata(tt.recordType, tt.rdata)
+
+			if tt.expectedErr != nil {
+				assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrDnsUnsupportedRecordType)
+				return
+			}
+
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, recordType, tt.expectedRecordType)
+			assert.Equal(t, rdata, tt.expectedRdata)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sql_type_conversion_test.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sql_type_conversion_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77dab93a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sql_type_conversion_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+package networkmapdb
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestNullStringSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	src := withNullString{Name: sql.NullString{String: "string", Valid: true}}
+	dst := withString{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, withString{Name: "string"}, dst)
+
+	src = withNullString{Name: sql.NullString{Valid: false}}
+	dst = withString{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, withString{Name: ""}, dst)
+}
+
+func TestNullBoolSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	src := withNullBool{TrueOrFalse: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true}}
+	dst := withBool{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, withBool{TrueOrFalse: true}, dst)
+
+}
+
+func TestRawJsonSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	jb, _ := json.Marshal(embeddedS{Name: "blob-name", SomeField: 1})
+	src := withRawJson{Blob: json.RawMessage(jb)}
+	dst := fromJson{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, fromJson{Blob: embeddedS{Name: "blob-name", SomeField: 1}}, dst)
+
+	src1 := withRawJson{}
+	dst1 := fromJson{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src1), reflect.ValueOf(&dst1)))
+	assert.Equal(t, fromJson{}, dst1)
+}
+
+func TestShouldSkipTag(t *testing.T) {
+	src5 := withSkipTag{Field: "shouldskip"}
+	dst5 := emptySkipTagTarget{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src5), reflect.ValueOf(&dst5)))
+	assert.Equal(t, emptySkipTagTarget{}, dst5)
+
+}
+
+func TestMapToTag(t *testing.T) {
+	src6 := withMapToTag{Field: "fieldvalue"}
+	dst6 := mapToTagTarget{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src6), reflect.ValueOf(&dst6)))
+	assert.Equal(t, mapToTagTarget{AnotherField: "fieldvalue"}, dst6)
+}
+
+func TestNullableInt64Support(t *testing.T) {
+	src := withInt64{Field: sql.NullInt64{Int64: int64(1), Valid: true}}
+	dst := int64Target{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, int64Target{Field: 1}, dst)
+}
+
+func TestNullableTimeSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	src := withNullableTime{Field: sql.NullTime{Time: now, Valid: true}}
+	dst := nullableTimeTarget{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, nullableTimeTarget{Field: now}, dst)
+}
+
+func TestNullableTimePointerSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	src := withNullableTime{Field: sql.NullTime{Time: now, Valid: true}}
+	dst := nullableTimePointerTarget{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, nullableTimePointerTarget{Field: &now}, dst)
+}
+
+func TestStringSLiceSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	src := withStringSlice{Field: []string{"one"}}
+	dst := withStringSlice{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, withStringSlice{Field: []string{"one"}}, dst)
+}
+
+func TestNullStringSLiceSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	src := withStringSlice{}
+	dst := withStringSlice{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, withStringSlice{}, dst)
+}
+
+func TestWithMultipleFields(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	src := withMultipleFields{
+		Field1: sql.NullString{String: "aaa", Valid: true},
+		Field2: sql.NullBool{Bool: true, Valid: true},
+		Field3: sql.NullTime{Time: now, Valid: true},
+		Field4: sql.NullInt64{Int64: 1, Valid: true},
+		Field5: "another",
+	}
+	dst := multipleFieldsTarget{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, multipleFieldsTarget{
+		Field1: "aaa",
+		Field2: true,
+		Field3: now,
+		Field4: 1,
+		Field5: "another",
+	}, dst)
+}
+
+func TestEmptyPublicIdsFilled(t *testing.T) {
+	src := withEmptyPublicIds{}
+	dst := emptyPublicIdTarget{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, dst.PublicID)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, dst.PublicId)
+}
+
+// only []byte and []uint8 slices with "json" tag are being parsed
+func TestByteSliceSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	src := withByteSlice{
+		Field: []byte("[\"one\",\"two\",\"three\"]"),
+	}
+	dst := byteSliceTarget{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"one", "two", "three"}, dst.Field)
+}
+
+func TestUint8SliceSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	src := withUint8Slice{
+		Field: []uint8("[\"one\",\"two\",\"three\"]"),
+	}
+	dst := uint8SliceTarget{}
+	assert.NoError(t, FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst)))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"one", "two", "three"}, dst.Field)
+}
+
+type withNullString struct {
+	Name sql.NullString
+}
+
+type withString struct {
+	Name string
+}
+
+type withMultipleFields struct {
+	Field1 sql.NullString
+	Field2 sql.NullBool
+	Field3 sql.NullTime
+	Field4 sql.NullInt64
+	Field5 string
+}
+
+type multipleFieldsTarget struct {
+	Field1 string
+	Field2 bool
+	Field3 time.Time
+	Field4 int64
+	Field5 string
+}
+
+type withNullBool struct {
+	TrueOrFalse sql.NullBool
+}
+
+type withBool struct {
+	TrueOrFalse bool
+}
+
+type withRawJson struct {
+	Blob json.RawMessage
+}
+
+type embeddedS struct {
+	Name      string
+	SomeField int
+}
+type fromJson struct {
+	Blob embeddedS
+}
+
+type withSkipTag struct {
+	Field string `nmap:"skip"`
+}
+
+type emptySkipTagTarget struct {
+	Field string
+}
+
+type withMapToTag struct {
+	Field string `nmap:"map_to:AnotherField"`
+}
+
+type mapToTagTarget struct {
+	AnotherField string
+}
+
+type withInt64 struct {
+	Field sql.NullInt64
+}
+
+type int64Target struct {
+	Field int
+}
+
+type withNullableTime struct {
+	Field sql.NullTime
+}
+
+type nullableTimeTarget struct {
+	Field time.Time
+}
+
+type nullableTimePointerTarget struct {
+	Field *time.Time
+}
+
+type withStringSlice struct {
+	Field []string
+}
+
+type withEmptyPublicIds struct {
+	PublicID sql.NullString
+	PublicId sql.NullString
+}
+
+type emptyPublicIdTarget struct {
+	PublicID string
+	PublicId string
+}
+
+type withByteSlice struct {
+	Field []byte `nmap:"json"`
+}
+
+type byteSliceTarget struct {
+	Field []string
+}
+
+type withUint8Slice struct {
+	Field []byte `nmap:"json"`
+}
+
+type uint8SliceTarget struct {
+	Field []string
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/account_setting.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/account_setting.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9a1a152fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/account_setting.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetAccountSettingsQuery = `
+	select settings_peer_login_expiration_enabled as peer_login_expiration_enabled,
+	settings_peer_login_expiration as peer_login_expiration,
+	settings_peer_inactivity_expiration_enabled as peer_inactivity_expiration_enabled,
+	settings_peer_inactivity_expiration as peer_inactivity_expiration,
+	settings_dns_domain as dns_domain,
+	settings_ipv6_enabled_groups as ipv6_enabled_groups,
+	settings_routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled as routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled,
+	settings_lazy_connection_enabled as lazy_connection_enabled,
+	settings_auto_update_version as auto_update_version,
+	settings_auto_update_always as auto_update_always,
+	settings_metrics_push_enabled as metrics_push_enabled
+	from accounts
+	where id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetAccountSettingsQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	a, err := CollectOneRowForSqlite[networkmapdb.Account](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	settingsInfo := nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{}
+	err = networkmapdb.FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&a), reflect.ValueOf(&settingsInfo))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{}, err
+	}
+
+	return settingsInfo, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/dns.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/dns.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd2cb3758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/dns.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetAccountZonesQuery = `
+	select zones.id as id, domain, not enable_search_domain as search_domain_disabled, distribution_groups,
+	r.name as record_name, r.type as record_type, 'IN' record_class, r.ttl as record_ttl, r.content as record_rdata
+	from zones
+	left join records as r on r.zone_id = zones.id
+	where zones.account_id=? and zones.enabled
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetAppliedZoneCandidates(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetAccountZonesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	zones, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[networkmapdb.Zone](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ZonesToAppliedZoneCandidates(zones)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/dns_setting.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/dns_setting.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c6e9e7eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/dns_setting.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetDnsSettingsQuery = `
+	select dns_settings_disabled_management_groups
+	from accounts
+	where id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetDnsSettings(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (nmdata.DNSSettings, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetDnsSettingsQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.DNSSettings{}, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	var value nmdata.DNSSettings
+	var settings []byte
+
+	rows.Next()
+	if err := rows.Scan(&settings); err != nil {
+		return value, err
+	}
+
+	if settings == nil {
+		return nmdata.DNSSettings{}, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(settings, &value.DisabledManagementGroups); err != nil {
+		return value, err
+	}
+
+	return value, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/domain.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/domain.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..572977c3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/domain.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetDomainsQuery = `
+	select domain, target_cluster
+	from domains
+	where account_id=? and domain<>'' and target_cluster<>''
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetDomains(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]networkmapdb.Domain, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetDomainsQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return CollectRowsForSqlite[networkmapdb.Domain](rows)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/group.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/group.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c324d0d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/group.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"reflect"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetGroupsQuery = `
+	select groups.id, groups.name, groups.public_id, groups.resources, gp.peer_id
+	from groups 
+	left join group_peers gp on gp.group_id=groups.id and gp.account_id=?
+	where groups.account_id=?
+	`
+)
+
+// we also return a resource-to-group index.
+// an alternative is to add json indexes, query this directly. Not sure how expensive
+// json indexes are. TODO (dmitri) verify and maybe change the implementation here.
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetGroups(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Group, map[string]map[string]any, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetGroupsQuery, accountId, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	groups, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[group](rows)
+
+	toret := make([]nmdata.Group, 0, len(groups))
+	resourceToGroupIdx := make(map[string]map[string]any)
+
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		if len(toret) > 0 && toret[len(toret)-1].ID == g.ID && g.PeerID.Valid {
+			toret[len(toret)-1].Peers = append(toret[len(toret)-1].Peers, g.PeerID.String)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		dg := nmdata.Group{}
+		err := networkmapdb.FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(
+			reflect.ValueOf(&g), reflect.ValueOf(&dg))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+
+		if g.PeerID.Valid {
+			dg.Peers = append(dg.Peers, g.PeerID.String)
+		}
+		toret = append(toret, dg)
+
+		for _, resource := range dg.Resources {
+			if _, ok := resourceToGroupIdx[resource.ID]; !ok {
+				resourceToGroupIdx[resource.ID] = make(map[string]any)
+			}
+			resourceToGroupIdx[resource.ID][g.ID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return toret, resourceToGroupIdx, err
+}
+
+type group struct {
+	ID        string
+	Name      sql.NullString
+	PublicID  sql.NullString
+	Resources []byte         `nmap:"json"`
+	PeerID    sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/nameserver.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/nameserver.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..618e1a1f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/nameserver.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetNameserversQuery = `
+	select id, public_id, name, description, name_servers, groups, "primary", domains, enabled, search_domains_enabled
+	from name_server_groups
+	where account_id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.NameServerGroup, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetNameserversQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	nsgroups, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[networkmapdb.NameserverGroup](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertAllToSharedTypes[networkmapdb.NameserverGroup, nmdata.NameServerGroup](nsgroups)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3fa85ecdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetNetworkQuery = `
+	select network_identifier as identifier, network_net as net, network_net_v6 as net_v6, network_dns as dns, network_serial as serial
+	from accounts
+	where id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (nmdata.Network, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetNetworkQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.Network{}, err
+	}
+
+	n, err := CollectOneRowForSqlite[networkmapdb.AccountNetwork](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.Network{}, err
+	}
+
+	toret := nmdata.Network{}
+	err = networkmapdb.FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(
+		reflect.ValueOf(&n), reflect.ValueOf(&toret))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nmdata.Network{}, err
+	}
+
+	return toret, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network_resource.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network_resource.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d98a12e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network_resource.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetNetworkResourcesQuery = `
+	select id, network_id, account_id, public_id, name, description, type, domain, prefix, enabled
+	from network_resources
+	where account_id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetNetworkResources(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.NetworkResource, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetNetworkResourcesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	netresorces, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[networkmapdb.Networkresource](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertAllToSharedTypes[networkmapdb.Networkresource, nmdata.NetworkResource](netresorces)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network_router.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network_router.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9fb0fde7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/network_router.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Outer join: a groupless router must survive.
+	GetNetworkRouterQuery = `
+	select public_id, peer, network_id, masquerade, metric, enabled, peer_groups, group_peers.peer_id
+	from network_routers
+	left join json_each(network_routers.peer_groups) on true
+	left join group_peers on group_peers.account_id=? and group_peers.group_id=json_each.value
+	where network_routers.account_id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetNetworkRouters(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetNetworkRouterQuery, accountId, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	routers, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[networkrouter](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	toret := make(map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter)
+	for _, router := range routers {
+		if !router.Enabled.Bool {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		networkId := router.NetworkID.String
+		if networkId == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("router with public_id %s doesn't have network_id set", router.PublicID.String)
+		}
+
+		nmdatarouter := nmdata.NetworkRouter{}
+		err := networkmapdb.FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&router), reflect.ValueOf(&nmdatarouter))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if toret[networkId] == nil {
+			toret[networkId] = make(map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter)
+		}
+		if router.Peer.String != "" {
+			toret[networkId][router.Peer.String] = &nmdatarouter
+			continue
+		}
+		if router.PeerViaGroups.String != "" {
+			toret[networkId][router.PeerViaGroups.String] = &nmdatarouter
+		}
+	}
+
+	return toret, nil
+}
+
+type networkrouter struct {
+	PublicID      sql.NullString
+	Peer          sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	NetworkID     sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+	Masquerade    sql.NullBool
+	Metric        sql.NullInt64
+	Enabled       sql.NullBool
+	PeerGroups    []byte         `nmap:"json"`
+	PeerViaGroups sql.NullString `nmap:"skip"`
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/networks.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/networks.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e19336846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/networks.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetNetworksQuery = `
+	select id, public_id
+	from networks where account_id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetNetworkXIDToPublicIdMap(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetNetworksQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	networks, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[networkmapdb.Network](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	toret := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, n := range networks {
+		if n.PublicID.Valid {
+			toret[n.ID] = n.PublicID.String
+		}
+	}
+
+	return toret, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/peer.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/peer.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12d9e9ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/peer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetPeersQuery = `
+	select id, key, ssh_key, dns_label, extra_dns_labels, user_id, ssh_enabled, login_expiration_enabled, last_login, ip, ipv6,
+	peer_status_requires_approval, peer_status_connected, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster,
+	meta_wt_version, meta_go_os, meta_os_version, meta_kernel_version, meta_network_addresses, meta_files, meta_capabilities, meta_flags, meta_sync_message_version,
+	location_country_code, location_city_name, location_connection_ip
+	from peers
+	where account_id = ?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetPeers(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Peer, map[string][]*nmdata.Peer, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetPeersQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	peers, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[networkmapdb.Peer](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertToNmdataPeers(peers)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/policy.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/policy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a11f6e20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/policy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetPoliciesQuery = `
+	select p.id, p.public_id, p.enabled, p.source_posture_checks, pr.enabled as rule_enabled, pr.action, pr.protocol, pr.bidirectional, 
+	pr.sources, pr.destinations, pr.source_resource, pr.destination_resource, pr.ports, pr.port_ranges,
+	pr.authorized_groups, pr.authorized_user
+	from policies as p
+	left join policy_rules as pr on p.id = pr.policy_id 
+	where account_id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Policy, map[string]map[string]any, map[string]map[string]any, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetPoliciesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	policies, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[networkmapdb.Policy](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertToNmdataPolicy(policies)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/posture.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/posture.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6caee6e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/posture.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"reflect"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetPostureChecksQuery = `
+	select id, public_id, checks
+	from posture_checks
+	where account_id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.PostureChecks, map[string]string, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetPostureChecksQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	checks, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[networkmapdb.PostureChecks](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	toret := make([]nmdata.PostureChecks, 0, len(checks))
+	idToPublicIDIdx := make(map[string]string)
+	for _, c := range checks {
+		checks := nmdata.PostureChecks{}
+		err := networkmapdb.FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(reflect.ValueOf(&c), reflect.ValueOf(&checks))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		toret = append(toret, checks)
+		idToPublicIDIdx[checks.ID] = c.PublicID.String
+	}
+
+	return toret, idToPublicIDIdx, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/route.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/route.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..58b3eca55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/route.go
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetRoutesQuery = `
+	select id, account_id, public_id, network, domains, keep_route, net_id, description,
+	peer, peer as peer_id, peer_groups, network_type, masquerade, metric, enabled, 
+	groups, access_control_groups, skip_auto_apply
+	from routes
+	where account_id=?
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetRoutes(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]nmdata.Route, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetRoutesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	routes, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[networkmapdb.Route](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return networkmapdb.ConvertAllToSharedTypes[networkmapdb.Route, nmdata.Route](routes)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/service.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/service.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d25f69e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/service.go
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetServicesQuery = `
+	select enabled, private, access_groups, proxy_cluster, domain
+	from services
+	where account_id=?
+	`
+
+	GetProxyTargetedDomainResourcesQuery = `
+	select t.target_id
+	from targets as t
+	join services as s on s.id = t.service_id
+	where s.account_id=? and s.enabled and not coalesce(s.terminated, false)
+	and t.enabled and t.target_type='domain' and t.target_id is not null
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetPrivateServices(ctx context.Context, accountId string) ([]networkmapdb.Service, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetServicesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	services, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[service](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	toret := make([]networkmapdb.Service, 0, len(services))
+	for _, service := range services {
+		acg := []string{}
+		if service.AccessGroups != nil {
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(service.AccessGroups, &acg); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		s := networkmapdb.Service{
+			Enabled:      service.Enabled,
+			Private:      service.Private,
+			AccessGroups: acg,
+			ProxyCluster: service.ProxyCluster,
+			Domain:       service.Domain,
+		}
+
+		toret = append(toret, s)
+	}
+	return toret, nil
+}
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetProxyTargetedDomainResourcesQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer rows.Close()
+
+	toret := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var id string
+		err := rows.Scan(&id)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toret[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return toret, nil
+}
+
+type service struct {
+	Enabled      sql.NullBool
+	Private      sql.NullBool
+	AccessGroups []byte
+	ProxyCluster sql.NullString
+	Domain       sql.NullString
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/sqlite_store.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/sqlite_store.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14abf80bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/sqlite_store.go
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"database/sql"
+
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+)
+
+var ErrNoRows = errors.New("no rows in result set")
+
+type SqliteStore struct {
+	Db *sql.DB
+}
+
+type sqliteInterface interface {
+	QueryContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...any) (*sql.Rows, error)
+	ExecContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...any) (sql.Result, error)
+}
+
+type SqliteStoreConn struct {
+	Conn sqliteInterface
+}
+
+func NewSqliteStore(storeFile, dataDir string) (*SqliteStore, error) {
+	dbfile := storeFile
+	if envFile, ok := os.LookupEnv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_SQLITE_FILE"); ok && envFile != "" {
+		dbfile = envFile
+	}
+
+	// Separate file path from any SQLite URI query parameters (e.g., "store.db?mode=rwc")
+	filePath, query, hasQuery := strings.Cut(dbfile, "?")
+
+	connStr := filePath
+	if filePath != ":memory:" && !filepath.IsAbs(filePath) {
+		connStr = filepath.Join(dataDir, filePath)
+	}
+
+	// Compose query parameters. User-provided ?_busy_timeout (or its mattn alias
+	// ?_timeout) overrides our default; otherwise inject 30s so SQLite waits at
+	// most that long on a lock instead of blocking the only Go-side connection.
+	// mattn/go-sqlite3 applies PRAGMA from the DSN on every fresh connection, so
+	// the value survives ConnMaxIdleTime/ConnMaxLifetime recycling. cache=shared
+	// stays the default on non-Windows for the same reason as before.
+	parsed, _ := url.ParseQuery(query)
+	var defaults []string
+	if parsed.Get("_busy_timeout") == "" && parsed.Get("_timeout") == "" {
+		defaults = append(defaults, "_busy_timeout=30000")
+	}
+	if !hasQuery && runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		// To avoid `The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process` on Windows
+		defaults = append(defaults, "cache=shared")
+	}
+	parts := defaults
+	if hasQuery {
+		parts = append(parts, query)
+	}
+	if len(parts) > 0 {
+		connStr += "?" + strings.Join(parts, "&")
+	}
+
+	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", connStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &SqliteStore{Db: db}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqliteStore) BeginTx(ctx context.Context) (networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreConn, error) {
+	tx, err := s.Db.BeginTx(ctx, &sql.TxOptions{ReadOnly: true, Isolation: sql.LevelRepeatableRead})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &SqliteStoreConn{Conn: tx}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqliteStore) Exec(_ context.Context, query string, args ...any) error {
+	_, err := s.Db.Exec(query, args...)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) RollbackTx(ctx context.Context) error {
+	tx, ok := sc.Conn.(*sql.Tx)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected an sql.Tx got %s", reflect.TypeOf(sc.Conn).Kind())
+	}
+	return tx.Rollback()
+}
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) CommitTx(ctx context.Context) error {
+	tx, ok := sc.Conn.(*sql.Tx)
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected an sql.Tx got %s", reflect.TypeOf(sc.Conn).Kind())
+	}
+	return tx.Commit()
+}
+
+func (s *SqliteStore) UsingConn() *SqliteStoreConn {
+	return &SqliteStoreConn{Conn: s.Db}
+}
+
+func CollectOneRowForSqlite[T any](rows *sql.Rows) (T, error) {
+	defer rows.Close()
+	var r T
+
+	if !rows.Next() {
+		if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+			return r, err
+		}
+		return r, ErrNoRows
+	}
+	err := rows.Scan(networkmapdb.StructFields(&r)...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return r, err
+	}
+
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+func CollectRowsForSqlite[T any](rows *sql.Rows) ([]T, error) {
+	defer rows.Close()
+	toret := make([]T, 0)
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var r T
+		err := rows.Scan(networkmapdb.StructFields(&r)...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toret = append(toret, r)
+	}
+
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return toret, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/user.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/user.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23c46bf76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/sqlite/user.go
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package networkmap_sqlite
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+)
+
+const (
+	GetAllowedUserIdsQuery = `
+	select id, auto_groups
+	from users
+	where account_id=? and not blocked and not is_service_user
+	`
+
+	GetAllGroupIdQuery = `
+	select id from groups
+	where account_id=? and name='All'
+	`
+)
+
+func (sc *SqliteStoreConn) GetAllowedUsers(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (map[string]struct{}, map[string][]string, error) {
+	rows, err := sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetAllowedUserIdsQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	users, err := CollectRowsForSqlite[user](rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	rows, err = sc.Conn.QueryContext(ctx, GetAllGroupIdQuery, accountId)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	allGroupIds, err := collectAllGroupIds(rows)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	userIdIdx := make(map[string]struct{})
+	groupIdToUserIds := make(map[string][]string)
+	for _, user := range users {
+		for _, allgid := range allGroupIds {
+			groupIdToUserIds[allgid] = append(groupIdToUserIds[allgid], user.ID)
+		}
+		userIdIdx[user.ID] = struct{}{}
+		autogroups := make([]string, 0)
+		if user.AutoGroups == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(user.AutoGroups, &autogroups); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+		for _, groupId := range autogroups {
+			groupIdToUserIds[groupId] = append(groupIdToUserIds[groupId], user.ID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return userIdIdx, groupIdToUserIds, nil
+}
+
+func collectAllGroupIds(rows *sql.Rows) ([]string, error) {
+	defer rows.Close()
+	var toret []string
+
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var id string
+		err := rows.Scan(&id)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toret = append(toret, id)
+	}
+
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return toret, nil
+}
+
+type user struct {
+	ID         string
+	AutoGroups []byte
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/network_map_db/struct_helpers.go b/management/internals/network_map_db/struct_helpers.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1719662fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/network_map_db/struct_helpers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package networkmapdb
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
+)
+
+var ErrNoRows = errors.New("no rows in result set")
+
+const (
+	NMAP_STRUCT_TAG = "nmap"
+	NMAP_SKIP       = "skip"
+	NMAP_MAP_TO     = "map_to"
+	NMAP_JSON       = "json"
+)
+
+type fieldTag struct {
+	Key   string
+	Value string
+}
+
+func tagFromString(t string) fieldTag {
+	kv := strings.Split(t, ":")
+	if len(kv) == 1 {
+		return fieldTag{Key: strings.TrimSpace(kv[0])}
+	}
+	return fieldTag{Key: strings.TrimSpace(kv[0]), Value: strings.TrimSpace(kv[1])}
+}
+
+func FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(src reflect.Value, dst reflect.Value) error {
+	typ := src.Elem().Type()
+
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := typ.Field(i)
+
+		fieldTags := make(map[string]string)
+		if v := f.Tag.Get(NMAP_STRUCT_TAG); v != "" {
+			for _, t := range strings.Split(v, ",") {
+				kv := tagFromString(t)
+				fieldTags[kv.Key] = kv.Value
+			}
+		}
+		if _, ok := fieldTags[NMAP_SKIP]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if f.PkgPath != "" { // skip unexported fields
+			continue
+		}
+		dstFieldName := f.Name
+		if override, ok := fieldTags[NMAP_MAP_TO]; ok {
+			dstFieldName = override
+		}
+
+		dstField := dst.Elem().FieldByName(dstFieldName)
+		if !dstField.IsValid() {
+			return errors.New("unsupported type in destination field: " + dstFieldName)
+		}
+
+		srcField := src.Elem().Field(i)
+		srcFieldType := srcField.Type().String()
+		switch srcFieldType {
+		case "string":
+			s := srcField.Interface().(string)
+			dstField.SetString(s)
+		case "sql.NullString":
+			s := srcField.Interface().(sql.NullString)
+			if s.Valid {
+				dstField.SetString(s.String)
+			}
+			if (dstFieldName == "PublicId" || dstFieldName == "PublicID") && s.String == "" {
+				dstField.SetString(xid.New().String()) // TODO (dmitri) this needs to be removed to support delta updates
+			}
+		case "sql.NullTime":
+			s := srcField.Interface().(sql.NullTime)
+			if s.Valid {
+				if dstField.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+					t := reflect.ValueOf(&s.Time).Elem()
+					dstField.Set(t.Addr())
+				} else {
+					dstField.Set(reflect.ValueOf(s.Time))
+				}
+			}
+		case "sql.NullBool":
+			s := srcField.Interface().(sql.NullBool)
+			if s.Valid {
+				dstField.SetBool(s.Bool)
+			}
+		case "sql.NullInt64":
+			s := srcField.Interface().(sql.NullInt64)
+			if s.Valid {
+				dstField.SetInt(s.Int64)
+			}
+		case "json.RawMessage":
+			s := srcField.Interface().(json.RawMessage)
+			if len(s) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(s, dstField.Addr().Interface()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case "[]byte", "[]uint8":
+			s := srcField.Interface().([]byte)
+			if _, ok := fieldTags[NMAP_JSON]; !ok || len(s) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(s, dstField.Addr().Interface()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case "[]string":
+			if srcField.IsNil() {
+				continue
+			}
+			dstv := reflect.MakeSlice(dstField.Type(), srcField.Len(), srcField.Cap())
+			reflect.Copy(dstv, srcField)
+			dstField.Set(dstv)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func StructFields(s any) []any {
+	src := reflect.ValueOf(s)
+	toret := make([]any, 0)
+	typ := src.Elem().Type()
+
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := typ.Field(i)
+		if f.PkgPath != "" { // skip unexported fields
+			continue
+		}
+
+		srcField := src.Elem().Field(i)
+		toret = append(toret, srcField.Addr().Interface())
+	}
+
+	return toret
+}
+
+func ConvertAllToSharedTypes[T any, T1 any](allsrc []T) ([]T1, error) {
+	toret := make([]T1, 0, len(allsrc))
+	for _, src := range allsrc {
+		var dst T1
+		err := FromSqlTypesToSharedTypes(
+			reflect.ValueOf(&src), reflect.ValueOf(&dst))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toret = append(toret, dst)
+	}
+	return toret, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/server/boot.go b/management/internals/server/boot.go
index 0279a9131..4c601146b 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/boot.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/boot.go
@@ -5,38 +5,48 @@ package server
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	grpcMiddleware "github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/v2"
 	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/v2/interceptors/realip"
+	"github.com/rs/cors"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
 
-	cachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
-
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/encryption"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
 	accesslogsmanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs/manager"
+	proxyactivity "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity"
+	proxyactivitymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/manager"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	networkmapdbfactory "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/factory"
 	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	activitystore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity/store"
 	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
 	nbContext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
 	nbhttp "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 	mgmtProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/crypt"
 )
 
+const apiPrefix = "/api"
+
 var (
 	kaep = keepalive.EnforcementPolicy{
 		MinTime:             15 * time.Second,
@@ -63,8 +73,8 @@ func (s *BaseServer) Metrics() telemetry.AppMetrics {
 
 // CacheStore returns a shared cache store backed by Redis or in-memory depending on the environment.
 // All consumers should reuse this store to avoid creating multiple Redis connections.
-func (s *BaseServer) CacheStore() cachestore.StoreInterface {
-	return Create(s, func() cachestore.StoreInterface {
+func (s *BaseServer) CacheStore() nbcache.Store {
+	return Create(s, func() nbcache.Store {
 		cs, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), nbcache.DefaultStoreMaxTimeout, nbcache.DefaultStoreCleanupInterval, nbcache.DefaultStoreMaxConn)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to create shared cache store: %v", err)
@@ -92,14 +102,39 @@ func (s *BaseServer) Store() store.Store {
 	})
 }
 
+// TODO dmitri: move all validation checks (e.g. config+env vars) from runtime to base server creation
+// this way we don't need to spread defensive checks throughout the codebase
+func (s *BaseServer) NetworkMapStore() *networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl {
+	return Create(s, func() *networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl {
+		store, err := networkmapdbfactory.NewNetworkMapDBStore(
+			context.Background(),
+			s.Config.StoreConfig.Engine,
+			s.Config.Datadir,
+			s.IntegratedValidator(),
+			s.SettingsManager())
+		// networkmap db store supports postgres and sqlite backends only
+		// for other backends a fallback is used, so NotSupportedStoreEngineError
+		// is not a fatal error
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, networkmapdbfactory.ErrNotSupportedStoreEngine) {
+			log.Fatalf("failed to create network map store: %v", err)
+		}
+		return store
+	})
+}
+
 func (s *BaseServer) EventStore() activity.Store {
 	return Create(s, func() activity.Store {
-		integrationMetrics, err := integrations.InitIntegrationMetrics(context.Background(), s.Metrics())
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("failed to initialize integration metrics: %v", err)
+		var err error
+		key := s.Config.DataStoreEncryptionKey
+		if key == "" {
+			log.Debugf("generate new activity store encryption key")
+			key, err = crypt.GenerateKey()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatalf("failed to generate event store encryption key: %v", err)
+			}
 		}
 
-		eventStore, _, err := integrations.InitEventStore(context.Background(), s.Config.Datadir, s.Config.DataStoreEncryptionKey, integrationMetrics)
+		eventStore, err := activitystore.NewSqlStore(context.Background(), s.Config.Datadir, key)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to initialize event store: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -110,7 +145,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) EventStore() activity.Store {
 
 func (s *BaseServer) APIHandler() http.Handler {
 	return Create(s, func() http.Handler {
-		httpAPIHandler, err := nbhttp.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), s.AccountManager(), s.NetworksManager(), s.ResourcesManager(), s.RoutesManager(), s.GroupsManager(), s.GeoLocationManager(), s.AuthManager(), s.Metrics(), s.IntegratedValidator(), s.ProxyController(), s.PermissionsManager(), s.PeersManager(), s.SettingsManager(), s.ZonesManager(), s.RecordsManager(), s.NetworkMapController(), s.IdpManager(), s.ServiceManager(), s.ReverseProxyDomainManager(), s.AccessLogsManager(), s.ReverseProxyGRPCServer(), s.Config.ReverseProxy.TrustedHTTPProxies, s.RateLimiter())
+		httpAPIHandler, err := nbhttp.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), s.Router(), s.AccountManager(), s.NetworksManager(), s.ResourcesManager(), s.RoutesManager(), s.GroupsManager(), s.GeoLocationManager(), s.AuthManager(), s.Metrics(), s.PermissionsManager(), s.SettingsManager(), s.ZonesManager(), s.RecordsManager(), s.NetworkMapController(), s.IdpManager(), s.ServiceManager(), s.ReverseProxyDomainManager(), s.AccessLogsManager(), s.ReverseProxyGRPCServer(), s.Config.ReverseProxy.TrustedHTTPProxies, s.RateLimiter(), s.IsValidChildAccount, s.AgentNetworkManager())
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to create API handler: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -118,6 +153,22 @@ func (s *BaseServer) APIHandler() http.Handler {
 	})
 }
 
+// IDPHandler returns the HTTP handler for the embedded IdP (Dex), or nil if
+// the deployment isn't using the embedded variant.
+func (s *BaseServer) IDPHandler() http.Handler {
+	embeddedIdP, ok := s.IdpManager().(*idp.EmbeddedIdPManager)
+	if !ok || embeddedIdP == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return cors.AllowAll().Handler(embeddedIdP.Handler())
+}
+
+func (s *BaseServer) Router() *mux.Router {
+	return Create(s, func() *mux.Router {
+		return mux.NewRouter().PathPrefix(apiPrefix).Subrouter()
+	})
+}
+
 func (s *BaseServer) RateLimiter() *middleware.APIRateLimiter {
 	return Create(s, func() *middleware.APIRateLimiter {
 		cfg, enabled := middleware.RateLimiterConfigFromEnv()
@@ -156,6 +207,10 @@ func (s *BaseServer) GRPCServer() *grpc.Server {
 			grpc.ChainStreamInterceptor(realip.StreamServerInterceptorOpts(realipOpts...), streamInterceptor, proxyStream),
 		}
 
+		// Append interceptors contributed by registered gRPC extensions. These
+		// run after the built-in chain (ChainUnaryInterceptor is additive).
+		gRPCOpts = appendExtensionInterceptors(gRPCOpts, s.grpcExtensions)
+
 		if s.Config.HttpConfig.LetsEncryptDomain != "" {
 			certManager, err := encryption.CreateCertManager(s.Config.Datadir, s.Config.HttpConfig.LetsEncryptDomain)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -173,7 +228,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) GRPCServer() *grpc.Server {
 		}
 
 		gRPCAPIHandler := grpc.NewServer(gRPCOpts...)
-		srv, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(s.Config, s.AccountManager(), s.SettingsManager(), s.JobManager(), s.SecretsManager(), s.Metrics(), s.AuthManager(), s.IntegratedValidator(), s.NetworkMapController(), s.OAuthConfigProvider())
+		srv, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(s.Config, s.AccountManager(), s.SettingsManager(), s.JobManager(), s.SecretsManager(), s.Metrics(), s.AuthManager(), s.IntegratedValidator(), s.NetworkMapController(), s.OAuthConfigProvider(), s.SessionStore())
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatalf("failed to create management server: %v", err)
 		}
@@ -187,21 +242,49 @@ func (s *BaseServer) GRPCServer() *grpc.Server {
 		mgmtProto.RegisterProxyServiceServer(gRPCAPIHandler, s.ReverseProxyGRPCServer())
 		log.Info("ProxyService registered on gRPC server")
 
+		// Register services contributed by external modules via the extension seam.
+		registerExtensions(gRPCAPIHandler, s.grpcExtensions)
+
 		return gRPCAPIHandler
 	})
 }
 
 func (s *BaseServer) ReverseProxyGRPCServer() *nbgrpc.ProxyServiceServer {
 	return Create(s, func() *nbgrpc.ProxyServiceServer {
-		proxyService := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(s.AccessLogsManager(), s.ProxyTokenStore(), s.PKCEVerifierStore(), s.proxyOIDCConfig(), s.PeersManager(), s.UsersManager(), s.ProxyManager())
+		proxyService := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(s.AccessLogsManager(), s.ProxyTokenStore(), s.PKCEVerifierStore(), s.proxyOIDCConfig(), s.PeersManager(), s.UsersManager(), s.IdpManager(), s.ProxyManager(), s.Store())
 		s.AfterInit(func(s *BaseServer) {
 			proxyService.SetServiceManager(s.ServiceManager())
+			proxyService.SetActivityManager(s.ProxyActivityManager())
 			proxyService.SetProxyController(s.ServiceProxyController())
+			proxyService.SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer(newAgentNetworkSynthesizer(s.Store()))
+			proxyService.SetAgentNetworkLimitsService(s.AgentNetworkManager())
 		})
 		return proxyService
 	})
 }
 
+// agentNetworkSynthesizerAdapter implements nbgrpc.AgentNetworkSynthesizer by
+// delegating to the agentnetwork package's store-backed synthesiser.
+type agentNetworkSynthesizerAdapter struct {
+	store store.Store
+}
+
+func newAgentNetworkSynthesizer(s store.Store) *agentNetworkSynthesizerAdapter {
+	return &agentNetworkSynthesizerAdapter{store: s}
+}
+
+func (a *agentNetworkSynthesizerAdapter) SynthesizeServicesForCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	return agentnetwork.SynthesizeServicesForCluster(ctx, a.store, clusterAddr)
+}
+
+func (a *agentNetworkSynthesizerAdapter) SynthesizeServicesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	return agentnetwork.SynthesizeServices(ctx, a.store, accountID)
+}
+
+func (a *agentNetworkSynthesizerAdapter) SynthesizeServiceForDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	return agentnetwork.SynthesizeServiceForDomain(ctx, a.store, domain)
+}
+
 func (s *BaseServer) proxyOIDCConfig() nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig {
 	return Create(s, func() nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig {
 		return nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{
@@ -231,6 +314,13 @@ func (s *BaseServer) PKCEVerifierStore() *nbgrpc.PKCEVerifierStore {
 	})
 }
 
+// ProxyActivityManager records reverse proxy usage for activity accounting.
+func (s *BaseServer) ProxyActivityManager() proxyactivity.Manager {
+	return Create(s, func() proxyactivity.Manager {
+		return proxyactivitymanager.NewManager(s.Store())
+	})
+}
+
 func (s *BaseServer) AccessLogsManager() accesslogs.Manager {
 	return Create(s, func() accesslogs.Manager {
 		accessLogManager := accesslogsmanager.NewManager(s.Store(), s.GeoLocationManager())
diff --git a/management/internals/server/config/config.go b/management/internals/server/config/config.go
index fb9c842b7..dc60ed822 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/config/config.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/config/config.go
@@ -55,12 +55,18 @@ type Config struct {
 
 	ReverseProxy ReverseProxy
 
+	AgentNetwork AgentNetwork
+
 	// disable default all-to-all policy
 	DisableDefaultPolicy bool
 
 	// EmbeddedIdP contains configuration for the embedded Dex OIDC provider.
 	// When set, Dex will be embedded in the management server and serve requests at /oauth2/
 	EmbeddedIdP *idp.EmbeddedIdPConfig
+
+	HighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion *int
+
+	PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion map[string]int
 }
 
 // GetAuthAudiences returns the audience from the http config and device authorization flow config
@@ -181,6 +187,25 @@ type StoreConfig struct {
 	Engine types.Engine
 }
 
+// AgentNetwork contains agent-network (LLM gateway) configuration.
+type AgentNetwork struct {
+	// PricingDefaultsFile is the path to the YAML file holding the default
+	// LLM pricing table (defaults_llm_pricing.yaml). A relative path is
+	// resolved against <Datadir>, so a bare filename lands alongside the
+	// store. Empty falls back to probing <Datadir>/defaults_llm_pricing.yaml;
+	// with no file present the compiled-in defaults serve. Schema: surface ("openai"/"anthropic"/
+	// "bedrock") -> model -> rates in USD per 1k tokens (input_per_1k,
+	// output_per_1k, and the optional cached_input_per_1k /
+	// cache_read_per_1k / cache_creation_per_1k). File entries replace the
+	// compiled-in entry for the same surface+model whole; everything else
+	// keeps the compiled-in rates. The file is re-read periodically (mtime
+	// poll), and the live table feeds both the synthesizer (what proxies
+	// bill with) and the dashboard's catalog endpoint (what model rows
+	// prefill with). An explicitly configured path that fails to load
+	// fails startup; runtime reload errors keep the previous table.
+	PricingDefaultsFile string
+}
+
 // ReverseProxy contains reverse proxy configuration in front of management.
 type ReverseProxy struct {
 	// TrustedHTTPProxies represents a list of trusted HTTP proxies by their IP prefixes.
diff --git a/management/internals/server/controllers.go b/management/internals/server/controllers.go
index 9a8e45d33..a9293d266 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/controllers.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/controllers.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	proxymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager"
 
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
 	nbjwt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) JobManager() *job.Manager {
 
 func (s *BaseServer) IntegratedValidator() integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator {
 	return Create(s, func() integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator {
-		integratedPeerValidator, err := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(
+		integratedPeerValidator, err := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(
 			context.Background(),
 			s.PeersManager(),
 			s.SettingsManager(),
@@ -66,6 +68,12 @@ func (s *BaseServer) SecretsManager() grpc.SecretsManager {
 	})
 }
 
+func (s *BaseServer) SessionStore() *auth.SessionStore {
+	return Create(s, func() *auth.SessionStore {
+		return auth.NewSessionStore(s.CacheStore())
+	})
+}
+
 func (s *BaseServer) AuthManager() auth.Manager {
 	audiences := s.Config.GetAuthAudiences()
 	audience := s.Config.HttpConfig.AuthAudience
@@ -105,13 +113,17 @@ func (s *BaseServer) AuthManager() auth.Manager {
 
 func (s *BaseServer) EphemeralManager() ephemeral.Manager {
 	return Create(s, func() ephemeral.Manager {
-		return manager.NewEphemeralManager(s.Store(), s.PeersManager())
+		em := manager.NewEphemeralManager(s.Store(), s.PeersManager())
+		if metrics := s.Metrics(); metrics != nil {
+			em.SetMetrics(metrics.EphemeralPeersMetrics())
+		}
+		return em
 	})
 }
 
 func (s *BaseServer) NetworkMapController() network_map.Controller {
 	return Create(s, func() network_map.Controller {
-		return nmapcontroller.NewController(context.Background(), s.Store(), s.Metrics(), s.PeersUpdateManager(), s.AccountRequestBuffer(), s.IntegratedValidator(), s.SettingsManager(), s.DNSDomain(), s.ProxyController(), s.EphemeralManager(), s.Config)
+		return nmapcontroller.NewController(context.Background(), s.Store(), s.Metrics(), s.PeersUpdateManager(), s.AccountRequestBuffer(), s.IntegratedValidator(), s.SettingsManager(), s.DNSDomain(), s.ProxyController(), s.EphemeralManager(), s.Config, s.NetworkMapStore())
 	})
 }
 
diff --git a/management/internals/server/grpc_extension.go b/management/internals/server/grpc_extension.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f257c75e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/server/grpc_extension.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+)
+
+// GRPCExtension bundles an external module's contribution to the management
+// gRPC server: the registration of one or more services onto the shared
+// grpc.Server, any server-wide interceptors those services require, and an
+// optional shutdown hook. It is a generic extension point with no knowledge of
+// any specific service.
+type GRPCExtension struct {
+	// Register is invoked with the shared grpc.Server (as a ServiceRegistrar)
+	// after the built-in services are registered. It may register any number of
+	// services. May be nil.
+	Register func(grpc.ServiceRegistrar)
+	// UnaryInterceptors are appended to the server's unary interceptor chain,
+	// running after the built-in interceptors. May be empty.
+	UnaryInterceptors []grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor
+	// StreamInterceptors are appended to the server's stream interceptor chain,
+	// running after the built-in interceptors. May be empty.
+	StreamInterceptors []grpc.StreamServerInterceptor
+	// Shutdown, if non-nil, is called once during Stop() with the context
+	// governing server shutdown, which carries a deadline. The hook MUST
+	// return promptly and MUST abandon its work once that context is
+	// cancelled or expires: it runs before the rest of Stop()'s cleanup
+	// (store, event store, embedded IdP) and before Stop() itself checks the
+	// context's deadline, so a hook that ignores the context will delay all
+	// of that cleanup and prevent Stop() from returning on time. May be nil.
+	Shutdown func(ctx context.Context)
+}
+
+// RegisterGRPCExtension registers a gRPC extension. Call before the gRPC server
+// is first built (i.e. before Start); registrations after that have no effect.
+func (s *BaseServer) RegisterGRPCExtension(ext GRPCExtension) {
+	s.grpcExtensions = append(s.grpcExtensions, ext)
+}
+
+// appendExtensionInterceptors appends each extension's interceptors to the gRPC
+// server options as additional chained interceptors. grpc.ChainUnaryInterceptor
+// and grpc.ChainStreamInterceptor are additive, so the returned options run the
+// extension interceptors after any interceptors already present in opts.
+func appendExtensionInterceptors(opts []grpc.ServerOption, exts []GRPCExtension) []grpc.ServerOption {
+	for _, ext := range exts {
+		if len(ext.UnaryInterceptors) > 0 {
+			opts = append(opts, grpc.ChainUnaryInterceptor(ext.UnaryInterceptors...))
+		}
+		if len(ext.StreamInterceptors) > 0 {
+			opts = append(opts, grpc.ChainStreamInterceptor(ext.StreamInterceptors...))
+		}
+	}
+	return opts
+}
+
+// registerExtensions registers each extension's services onto reg.
+func registerExtensions(reg grpc.ServiceRegistrar, exts []GRPCExtension) {
+	for _, ext := range exts {
+		if ext.Register != nil {
+			ext.Register(reg)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// runExtensionShutdownHooks calls each extension's shutdown hook, if set,
+// passing ctx through so hooks can honor its deadline/cancellation.
+func runExtensionShutdownHooks(ctx context.Context, exts []GRPCExtension) {
+	for _, ext := range exts {
+		if ext.Shutdown != nil {
+			ext.Shutdown(ctx)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/server/grpc_extension_test.go b/management/internals/server/grpc_extension_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f444ca72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/server/grpc_extension_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/health"
+	healthgrpc "google.golang.org/grpc/health/grpc_health_v1"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/test/bufconn"
+)
+
+// Test that an extension's interceptors and service registration are actually
+// wired onto a real in-process gRPC server via the helpers, and that shutdown
+// hooks run. This validates the load-bearing assumption that
+// grpc.ChainUnaryInterceptor is additive (extension interceptors run in
+// addition to any base chain).
+func TestGRPCExtensionAppliedToServer(t *testing.T) {
+	var unaryCalls atomic.Int32
+	var streamShutdownCalled atomic.Bool
+
+	ext := GRPCExtension{
+		Register: func(reg grpc.ServiceRegistrar) {
+			healthgrpc.RegisterHealthServer(reg, health.NewServer())
+		},
+		UnaryInterceptors: []grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor{
+			func(ctx context.Context, req any, info *grpc.UnaryServerInfo, handler grpc.UnaryHandler) (any, error) {
+				unaryCalls.Add(1)
+				return handler(ctx, req)
+			},
+		},
+		Shutdown: func(ctx context.Context) { streamShutdownCalled.Store(true) },
+	}
+	exts := []GRPCExtension{ext}
+
+	// Base options mimic GRPCServer(): a pre-existing chain the extension appends to.
+	var baseUnaryCalls atomic.Int32
+	opts := []grpc.ServerOption{
+		grpc.ChainUnaryInterceptor(func(ctx context.Context, req any, info *grpc.UnaryServerInfo, handler grpc.UnaryHandler) (any, error) {
+			baseUnaryCalls.Add(1)
+			return handler(ctx, req)
+		}),
+	}
+	opts = appendExtensionInterceptors(opts, exts)
+
+	srv := grpc.NewServer(opts...)
+	registerExtensions(srv, exts)
+
+	lis := bufconn.Listen(1024 * 1024)
+	go func() { _ = srv.Serve(lis) }()
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Stop)
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient("passthrough:///bufnet",
+		grpc.WithContextDialer(func(ctx context.Context, _ string) (net.Conn, error) { return lis.DialContext(ctx) }),
+		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	_, err = healthgrpc.NewHealthClient(conn).Check(context.Background(), &healthgrpc.HealthCheckRequest{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("health check via extension-registered service failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if baseUnaryCalls.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("base interceptor calls = %d, want 1 (base chain must be preserved)", baseUnaryCalls.Load())
+	}
+	if unaryCalls.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("extension interceptor calls = %d, want 1", unaryCalls.Load())
+	}
+
+	runExtensionShutdownHooks(context.Background(), exts)
+	if !streamShutdownCalled.Load() {
+		t.Error("extension shutdown hook was not called")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGRPCExtensionShutdownHookReceivesCallerContext asserts that each hook receives
+// a non-nil context and that it is the very same context the caller passed
+// in, so hooks can rely on values/deadlines placed on it by Stop().
+func TestGRPCExtensionShutdownHookReceivesCallerContext(t *testing.T) {
+	type sentinelKey struct{}
+	want := "shutdown-ctx-sentinel"
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), sentinelKey{}, want)
+
+	var called bool
+	ext := GRPCExtension{
+		Shutdown: func(hookCtx context.Context) {
+			called = true
+			if hookCtx == nil {
+				t.Fatal("hook received a nil context")
+			}
+			got, _ := hookCtx.Value(sentinelKey{}).(string)
+			if got != want {
+				t.Errorf("hook context sentinel = %q, want %q (not the caller's context)", got, want)
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	runExtensionShutdownHooks(ctx, []GRPCExtension{ext})
+	if !called {
+		t.Fatal("shutdown hook was not called")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGRPCExtensionShutdownHookObservesCancellation documents, by test, that
+// hooks can honor cancellation/deadlines: a hook given an already-cancelled
+// context must see ctx.Err() != nil and a closed Done() channel.
+func TestGRPCExtensionShutdownHookObservesCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	var called bool
+	ext := GRPCExtension{
+		Shutdown: func(hookCtx context.Context) {
+			called = true
+			if hookCtx.Err() == nil {
+				t.Error("hook context Err() = nil, want non-nil for a cancelled context")
+			}
+			select {
+			case <-hookCtx.Done():
+			default:
+				t.Error("hook context Done() channel is not closed for a cancelled context")
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	runExtensionShutdownHooks(ctx, []GRPCExtension{ext})
+	if !called {
+		t.Fatal("shutdown hook was not called")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGRPCExtensionShutdownHookNilSkipped asserts that an extension
+// with a nil Shutdown hook is skipped without panicking, and that hooks for
+// other extensions still run.
+func TestGRPCExtensionShutdownHookNilSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	var called atomic.Bool
+	exts := []GRPCExtension{
+		{Shutdown: nil},
+		{Shutdown: func(context.Context) { called.Store(true) }},
+	}
+
+	runExtensionShutdownHooks(context.Background(), exts)
+	if !called.Load() {
+		t.Error("shutdown hook for non-nil extension was not called")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterGRPCExtensionAccumulates(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &BaseServer{}
+	s.RegisterGRPCExtension(GRPCExtension{})
+	s.RegisterGRPCExtension(GRPCExtension{})
+	if len(s.grpcExtensions) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("grpcExtensions len = %d, want 2", len(s.grpcExtensions))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/server/modules.go b/management/internals/server/modules.go
index 8dc736611..68f43dabf 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/modules.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/modules.go
@@ -21,12 +21,14 @@ import (
 	recordsManager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/geolocation"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/users"
@@ -56,13 +58,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) GeoLocationManager() geolocation.Geolocation {
 
 func (s *BaseServer) PermissionsManager() permissions.Manager {
 	return Create(s, func() permissions.Manager {
-		manager := integrations.InitPermissionsManager(s.Store(), s.Metrics().GetMeter())
-
-		s.AfterInit(func(s *BaseServer) {
-			manager.SetAccountManager(s.AccountManager())
-		})
-
-		return manager
+		return permissions.NewManager(s.Store())
 	})
 }
 
@@ -113,30 +109,46 @@ func (s *BaseServer) AccountManager() account.Manager {
 	})
 }
 
+func isMFAEnabledForAccount(accounts []*types.Account) bool {
+	if len(accounts) != 1 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	settings := accounts[0].Settings
+	return settings != nil && settings.LocalMfaEnabled
+}
+
 func (s *BaseServer) IdpManager() idp.Manager {
 	return Create(s, func() idp.Manager {
-		var idpManager idp.Manager
-		var err error
-
 		// Use embedded IdP service if embedded Dex is configured and enabled.
 		// Legacy IdpManager won't be used anymore even if configured.
 		embeddedEnabled := s.Config.EmbeddedIdP != nil && s.Config.EmbeddedIdP.Enabled
 		if embeddedEnabled {
-			idpManager, err = idp.NewEmbeddedIdPManager(context.Background(), s.Config.EmbeddedIdP, s.Metrics())
+			embeddedMgr, err := idp.NewEmbeddedIdPManager(context.Background(), s.Config.EmbeddedIdP, s.Metrics())
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Fatalf("failed to create embedded IDP service: %v", err)
 			}
-			return idpManager
+
+			if val := isMFAEnabledForAccount(s.Store().GetAllAccounts(context.Background())); val {
+				if err := embeddedMgr.SetMFAEnabled(context.Background(), val); err != nil {
+					log.Errorf("failed to set MFA enabled on embedded IDP: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			return embeddedMgr
 		}
 
 		// Fall back to external IdP service
 		if s.Config.IdpManagerConfig != nil {
-			idpManager, err = idp.NewManager(context.Background(), *s.Config.IdpManagerConfig, s.Metrics())
+			idpManager, err := idp.NewManager(context.Background(), *s.Config.IdpManagerConfig, s.Metrics())
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Fatalf("failed to create IDP service: %v", err)
 			}
+
+			return idpManager
 		}
-		return idpManager
+
+		return nil
 	})
 }
 
@@ -183,6 +195,24 @@ func (s *BaseServer) NetworksManager() networks.Manager {
 	})
 }
 
+func (s *BaseServer) AgentNetworkManager() agentnetwork.Manager {
+	return Create(s, func() agentnetwork.Manager {
+		mgr := agentnetwork.NewManager(
+			s.Store(),
+			s.PermissionsManager(),
+			s.AccountManager(),
+			s.ServiceProxyController(),
+		)
+		// Sweep expired agent-network access logs per account retention,
+		// reusing the reverse-proxy cleanup interval config.
+		mgr.StartAccessLogCleanup(
+			context.Background(),
+			s.Config.ReverseProxy.AccessLogCleanupIntervalHours,
+		)
+		return mgr
+	})
+}
+
 func (s *BaseServer) ZonesManager() zones.Manager {
 	return Create(s, func() zones.Manager {
 		return zonesManager.NewManager(s.Store(), s.AccountManager(), s.DNSDomain())
@@ -217,3 +247,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) ReverseProxyDomainManager() *manager.Manager {
 		return &m
 	})
 }
+
+func (s *BaseServer) IsValidChildAccount(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool {
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/server/server.go b/management/internals/server/server.go
index 9b8716da1..22a61bada 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/server.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/server.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
 	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c" //nolint:staticcheck
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/encryption"
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ const (
 	ManagementLegacyPort = 33073
 	// DefaultSelfHostedDomain is the default domain used for self-hosted fresh installs.
 	DefaultSelfHostedDomain = "netbird.selfhosted"
+
+	ContainerKeyBaseServer = "baseServer"
 )
 
 type Server interface {
@@ -66,6 +68,11 @@ type BaseServer struct {
 
 	proxyAuthClose func()
 
+	// grpcExtensions holds additional gRPC services, interceptors, and shutdown
+	// hooks registered by external modules via RegisterGRPCExtension. Populated
+	// during boot (single-threaded), consumed by GRPCServer() and Stop().
+	grpcExtensions []GRPCExtension
+
 	listener    net.Listener
 	certManager *autocert.Manager
 	update      *version.Update
@@ -91,7 +98,7 @@ type Config struct {
 
 // NewServer initializes and configures a new Server instance
 func NewServer(cfg *Config) *BaseServer {
-	return &BaseServer{
+	s := &BaseServer{
 		Config:                      cfg.NbConfig,
 		container:                   make(map[string]any),
 		dnsDomain:                   cfg.DNSDomain,
@@ -104,6 +111,9 @@ func NewServer(cfg *Config) *BaseServer {
 		mgmtMetricsPort:             cfg.MgmtMetricsPort,
 		autoResolveDomains:          cfg.AutoResolveDomains,
 	}
+	s.container[ContainerKeyBaseServer] = s
+
+	return s
 }
 
 func (s *BaseServer) AfterInit(fn func(s *BaseServer)) {
@@ -117,7 +127,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 	s.errCh = make(chan error, 4)
 
 	if s.autoResolveDomains {
-		s.resolveDomains(srvCtx)
+		s.ResolveDomains(srvCtx)
 	}
 
 	s.PeersManager()
@@ -188,7 +198,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
 		log.WithContext(srvCtx).Infof("running gRPC backward compatibility server: %s", compatListener.Addr().String())
 	}
 
-	rootHandler := s.handlerFunc(srvCtx, s.GRPCServer(), s.APIHandler(), s.Metrics().GetMeter())
+	rootHandler := s.handlerFunc(srvCtx, s.GRPCServer(), s.APIHandler(), s.IDPHandler(), s.Metrics().GetMeter())
 	switch {
 	case s.certManager != nil:
 		// a call to certManager.Listener() always creates a new listener so we do it once
@@ -252,6 +262,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) Stop() error {
 		s.proxyAuthClose()
 		s.proxyAuthClose = nil
 	}
+	runExtensionShutdownHooks(ctx, s.grpcExtensions)
 	_ = s.Store().Close(ctx)
 	_ = s.EventStore().Close(ctx)
 	if s.update != nil {
@@ -299,7 +310,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) SetHandlerFunc(handler http.Handler) {
 	log.Tracef("custom handler set successfully")
 }
 
-func (s *BaseServer) handlerFunc(_ context.Context, gRPCHandler *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, meter metric.Meter) http.Handler {
+func (s *BaseServer) handlerFunc(_ context.Context, gRPCHandler *grpc.Server, httpHandler http.Handler, idpHandler http.Handler, meter metric.Meter) http.Handler {
 	// Check if a custom handler was set (for multiplexing additional services)
 	if customHandler, ok := s.GetContainer("customHandler"); ok {
 		if handler, ok := customHandler.(http.Handler); ok {
@@ -318,6 +329,8 @@ func (s *BaseServer) handlerFunc(_ context.Context, gRPCHandler *grpc.Server, ht
 			gRPCHandler.ServeHTTP(writer, request)
 		case request.URL.Path == wsproxy.ProxyPath+wsproxy.ManagementComponent:
 			wsProxy.Handler().ServeHTTP(writer, request)
+		case idpHandler != nil && strings.HasPrefix(request.URL.Path, "/oauth2"):
+			idpHandler.ServeHTTP(writer, request)
 		default:
 			httpHandler.ServeHTTP(writer, request)
 		}
@@ -375,6 +388,7 @@ func (s *BaseServer) serveGRPCWithHTTP(ctx context.Context, listener net.Listene
 			// the following magic is needed to support HTTP2 without TLS
 			// and still share a single port between gRPC and HTTP APIs
 			h1s := &http.Server{
+				//nolint:staticcheck // h2c also handles the HTTP/1 Upgrade mechanism, which http.Server's UnencryptedHTTP2 does not
 				Handler: h2c.NewHandler(handler, &http2.Server{}),
 			}
 			err = h1s.Serve(listener)
@@ -391,10 +405,10 @@ func (s *BaseServer) serveGRPCWithHTTP(ctx context.Context, listener net.Listene
 	}()
 }
 
-// resolveDomains determines dnsDomain and mgmtSingleAccModeDomain based on store state.
+// ResolveDomains determines dnsDomain and mgmtSingleAccModeDomain based on store state.
 // Fresh installs use the default self-hosted domain, while existing installs reuse the
 // persisted account domain to keep addressing stable across config changes.
-func (s *BaseServer) resolveDomains(ctx context.Context) {
+func (s *BaseServer) ResolveDomains(ctx context.Context) {
 	st := s.Store()
 
 	setDefault := func(logMsg string, args ...any) {
diff --git a/management/internals/server/server_resolve_domains_test.go b/management/internals/server/server_resolve_domains_test.go
index db1d7e8ca..b34369655 100644
--- a/management/internals/server/server_resolve_domains_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/server/server_resolve_domains_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestResolveDomains_FreshInstallUsesDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := NewServer(&Config{NbConfig: &nbconfig.Config{}})
 	Inject[store.Store](srv, mockStore)
 
-	srv.resolveDomains(context.Background())
+	srv.ResolveDomains(context.Background())
 
 	require.Equal(t, DefaultSelfHostedDomain, srv.dnsDomain)
 	require.Equal(t, DefaultSelfHostedDomain, srv.mgmtSingleAccModeDomain)
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestResolveDomains_ExistingInstallUsesPersistedDomain(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := NewServer(&Config{NbConfig: &nbconfig.Config{}})
 	Inject[store.Store](srv, mockStore)
 
-	srv.resolveDomains(context.Background())
+	srv.ResolveDomains(context.Background())
 
 	require.Equal(t, "vpn.mycompany.com", srv.dnsDomain)
 	require.Equal(t, "vpn.mycompany.com", srv.mgmtSingleAccModeDomain)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func TestResolveDomains_StoreErrorFallsBackToDefault(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := NewServer(&Config{NbConfig: &nbconfig.Config{}})
 	Inject[store.Store](srv, mockStore)
 
-	srv.resolveDomains(context.Background())
+	srv.ResolveDomains(context.Background())
 
 	require.Equal(t, DefaultSelfHostedDomain, srv.dnsDomain)
 	require.Equal(t, DefaultSelfHostedDomain, srv.mgmtSingleAccModeDomain)
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_encoder.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_encoder.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a2aad19b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_encoder.go
@@ -0,0 +1,819 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// wgKeyRawLen is the raw byte length of a WireGuard public key.
+const wgKeyRawLen = 32
+
+// ComponentsEnvelopeInput bundles the data the component-format encoder needs.
+// The envelope is fully self-contained — every field needed by the client's
+// local Calculate() comes from the components struct itself. The only
+// externally-supplied data is the receiving peer's PeerConfig (which is
+// computed alongside the components in the network_map controller and reused
+// from the legacy proto path) and the dns_domain string.
+type ComponentsEnvelopeInput struct {
+	Components       *types.NetworkMapComponents
+	PeerConfig       *proto.PeerConfig
+	DNSDomain        string
+	DNSForwarderPort int64
+	// UserIDClaim is the OIDC claim name the client should embed in
+	// SshAuth.UserIDClaim when reconstructing the NetworkMap. Empty value
+	// is OK — client treats empty as "no SshAuth to build".
+	UserIDClaim string
+	// ProxyPatch carries pre-expanded NetworkMap fragments injected by
+	// external controllers (BYOP/port-forwarding). Nil when no proxy data
+	// is present; encoder skips the field in that case.
+	ProxyPatch *proto.ProxyPatch
+}
+
+// EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope converts NetworkMapComponents into the component
+// wire envelope. The encoder is intentionally non-deterministic: it iterates
+// Go maps in their native (random) order. Indexes inside the envelope
+// (peer_indexes, source_group_ids, agent_version_idx, router_peer_indexes)
+// are self-consistent within a single encode, so the decoder reconstructs
+// the same typed objects regardless of emit order. Tests that need to
+// compare envelopes do so semantically via proto round-trip + canonicalize,
+// not byte-equal.
+//
+// Callers must NOT concatenate or merge envelopes from different encodes —
+// index spaces are local to a single envelope.
+func EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(in ComponentsEnvelopeInput) *proto.NetworkMapEnvelope {
+	c := in.Components
+
+	// Graceful degrade when components is nil — matches the legacy path's
+	// behaviour for missing/unvalidated peers (return a NetworkMap with only
+	// Network populated). The receiver gets an envelope it can decode
+	// without crashing; AccountSettings stays non-nil so client-side
+	// dereferences are safe.
+	if c.IsEmpty() {
+		// Match legacy missing-peer minimum: a NetworkMap with only Network
+		// populated. The receiver gets enough to bootstrap (Network
+		// identifier, dns_domain, account_settings) and the peer itself.
+		return &proto.NetworkMapEnvelope{
+			Payload: &proto.NetworkMapEnvelope_Full{
+				Full: &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{
+					Serial:     networkSerial(c.Network),
+					Network:    toAccountNetwork(c.Network),
+					PeerConfig: in.PeerConfig,
+					// components.Peers always contains the target peer
+					Peers:            []*proto.PeerCompact{toPeerCompact(c.Peers[c.PeerID])},
+					DnsDomain:        in.DNSDomain,
+					DnsForwarderPort: in.DNSForwarderPort,
+					UserIdClaim:      in.UserIDClaim,
+					AccountSettings:  &proto.AccountSettingsCompact{},
+					ProxyPatch:       in.ProxyPatch,
+				},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Phase 1: build dedup tables. Every routing peer (in c.RouterPeers) and
+	// every regular peer (in c.Peers) must be indexed before any encoder
+	// looks up indexes via e.peerOrder — otherwise routes / routers_map for
+	// peers that exist only in c.RouterPeers would silently lose their
+	// peer_index reference.
+	enc := newComponentEncoder(c)
+	enc.indexAllPeers()
+	routerIdxs := enc.indexRouterPeers(c.RouterPeers)
+	enc.indexAllNetworkResources()
+
+	// Phase 2: gather every policy that any consumer references (peer-pair
+	// policies + resource-only policies) so encodeResourcePoliciesMap can
+	// translate every *Policy pointer to a wire index.
+	allPolicies := unionPolicies(c.Policies, c.ResourcePoliciesMap)
+	policies := enc.encodePolicies(allPolicies)
+
+	// Phase 3: emit. Order of struct field expressions no longer matters:
+	// every encoder either reads from the dedup tables or works on
+	// independent input.
+	full := &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{
+		Serial:              networkSerial(c.Network),
+		PeerConfig:          in.PeerConfig,
+		Network:             toAccountNetwork(c.Network),
+		AccountSettings:     toAccountSettingsCompact(c.AccountSettings),
+		DnsForwarderPort:    in.DNSForwarderPort,
+		UserIdClaim:         in.UserIDClaim,
+		ProxyPatch:          in.ProxyPatch,
+		DnsSettings:         enc.encodeDNSSettings(c.DNSSettings),
+		DnsDomain:           in.DNSDomain,
+		CustomZoneDomain:    c.CustomZoneDomain,
+		Peers:               enc.peers,
+		RouterPeerIndexes:   routerIdxs,
+		Policies:            policies,
+		Groups:              enc.encodeGroups(),
+		Routes:              enc.encodeRoutes(c.Routes),
+		NameserverGroups:    enc.encodeNameServerGroups(c.NameServerGroups),
+		AllDnsRecords:       encodeSimpleRecords(c.AllDNSRecords),
+		AccountZones:        encodeCustomZones(c.AccountZones),
+		NetworkResources:    enc.encodeNetworkResources(c.NetworkResources),
+		RoutersMap:          enc.encodeRoutersMap(c.RoutersMap),
+		ResourcePoliciesMap: enc.encodeResourcePoliciesMap(c.ResourcePoliciesMap),
+		GroupIdToUserIds:    enc.encodeGroupIDToUserIDs(c.GroupIDToUserIDs),
+		AllowedUserIds:      stringSetToSlice(c.AllowedUserIDs),
+		PostureFailedPeers:  enc.encodePostureFailedPeers(c.PostureFailedPeers),
+	}
+
+	return &proto.NetworkMapEnvelope{
+		Payload: &proto.NetworkMapEnvelope_Full{Full: full},
+	}
+}
+
+// networkSerial returns c.Network.CurrentSerial() with a nil guard. The
+// production path always populates c.Network, but the encoder is exported
+// and a hand-built components struct may omit it.
+func networkSerial(n *nmdata.Network) uint64 {
+	if n == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return n.CurrentSerial()
+}
+
+type componentEncoder struct {
+	components *types.NetworkMapComponents
+
+	peerOrder map[string]uint32
+	peers     []*proto.PeerCompact
+
+	networkIdToPublicId map[string]string
+}
+
+func newComponentEncoder(c *types.NetworkMapComponents) *componentEncoder {
+	return &componentEncoder{
+		components:          c,
+		peerOrder:           make(map[string]uint32, len(c.Peers)),
+		peers:               make([]*proto.PeerCompact, 0, len(c.Peers)),
+		networkIdToPublicId: make(map[string]string),
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) indexAllPeers() {
+	for _, p := range e.components.Peers {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		e.appendPeer(p)
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) appendPeer(p *nmdata.Peer) uint32 {
+	if idx, ok := e.peerOrder[p.ID]; ok {
+		return idx
+	}
+	idx := uint32(len(e.peers))
+	e.peerOrder[p.ID] = idx
+	e.peers = append(e.peers, toPeerCompact(p))
+	return idx
+}
+
+// indexRouterPeers ensures every router peer is in the peer dedup table and
+// returns their wire indexes for the RouterPeerIndexes field. Must run before
+// any encoder that resolves peer ids via e.peerOrder.
+func (e *componentEncoder) indexRouterPeers(routers map[string]*nmdata.Peer) []uint32 {
+	if len(routers) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]uint32, 0, len(routers))
+	for _, p := range routers {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, e.appendPeer(p))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) indexAllNetworkResources() {
+	for _, r := range e.components.NetworkResources {
+		if !r.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		e.networkIdToPublicId[r.ID] = r.PublicID
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodeGroups() []*proto.GroupCompact {
+	if len(e.components.Groups) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*proto.GroupCompact, 0, len(e.components.Groups))
+	for _, g := range e.components.Groups {
+		peerIdxs := make([]uint32, 0, len(g.Peers))
+		for _, peerID := range g.Peers {
+			if idx, ok := e.peerOrder[peerID]; ok {
+				peerIdxs = append(peerIdxs, idx)
+			}
+		}
+
+		groupCompactResources := func() []*proto.ResourceCompact {
+			var toret []*proto.ResourceCompact
+			for _, r := range g.Resources {
+				if pr := e.resourceToProto(r); pr != nil {
+					toret = append(toret, pr)
+				}
+			}
+			return toret
+		}
+
+		out = append(out, &proto.GroupCompact{
+			Id:          g.PublicID,
+			PeerIndexes: peerIdxs,
+			IsAll:       g.IsGroupAll(),
+			Resources:   groupCompactResources(),
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// encodePolicies flattens Policy{Rules} → []PolicyCompact. Returns the wire
+// list and a map from policy pointer to the indexes of its emitted rules in
+// that list — used by encodeResourcePoliciesMap to translate
+// ResourcePoliciesMap[resourceID][]*Policy into wire-side indexes.
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodePolicies(policies []*nmdata.Policy) []*proto.PolicyCompact {
+	if len(policies) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*proto.PolicyCompact, 0, len(policies))
+
+	for _, pol := range policies {
+		if !pol.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, r := range pol.Rules {
+			if r == nil || !r.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			out = append(out, e.encodePolicyRule(pol, r))
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// encodePolicyRule maps a single PolicyRule under pol to a PolicyCompact entry.
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodePolicyRule(pol *nmdata.Policy, r *nmdata.PolicyRule) *proto.PolicyCompact {
+	return &proto.PolicyCompact{
+		Id:                    pol.PublicID,
+		Action:                networkmap.GetProtoAction(string(r.Action)),
+		Protocol:              networkmap.GetProtoProtocol(string(r.Protocol)),
+		Bidirectional:         r.Bidirectional,
+		Ports:                 portsToUint32(r.Ports),
+		PortRanges:            portRangesToProto(r.PortRanges),
+		SourceGroupIds:        e.groupPublicXids(r.Sources),
+		DestinationGroupIds:   e.groupPublicXids(r.Destinations),
+		AuthorizedUser:        r.AuthorizedUser,
+		AuthorizedGroups:      e.encodeAuthorizedGroups(r.AuthorizedGroups),
+		SourceResource:        e.resourceToProto(r.SourceResource),
+		DestinationResource:   e.resourceToProto(r.DestinationResource),
+		SourcePostureCheckIds: e.postureCheckSeqs(pol.SourcePostureChecks),
+	}
+}
+
+// groupPublicXids maps the xid group IDs in src to their public xids,
+// dropping any group with invalid public xid.
+func (e *componentEncoder) groupPublicXids(src []string) []string {
+	if len(src) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(src))
+	for _, gid := range src {
+		if id, ok := e.groupPublicXid(gid); ok {
+			out = append(out, id)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// unionPolicies merges c.Policies with every policy referenced by
+// c.ResourcePoliciesMap, deduplicating by pointer identity. Resource-only
+// policies (relevant to a NetworkResource but not to peer-pair traffic)
+// only live in ResourcePoliciesMap; without this union step they'd be lost
+// from the wire and the client's resource-policy lookup would come back
+// empty.
+func unionPolicies(policies []*nmdata.Policy, resourcePolicies map[string][]*nmdata.Policy) []*nmdata.Policy {
+	// Fast path: non-router peers have no resource-only policies, so the
+	// "union" is identical to `policies`. Skip the dedup map allocation.
+	if len(resourcePolicies) == 0 {
+		return policies
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(policies))
+	out := make([]*nmdata.Policy, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := seen[p.ID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[p.ID] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, p)
+	}
+	for _, list := range resourcePolicies {
+		for _, p := range list {
+			if p == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, ok := seen[p.ID]; ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[p.ID] = struct{}{}
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// encodeAuthorizedGroups translates rule.AuthorizedGroups (map keyed by
+// group xid → local-user names) to the wire form (map keyed by
+// authorizedGroupKey → UserNameList).
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodeAuthorizedGroups(m map[string][]string) map[string]*proto.UserNameList {
+	if len(m) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]*proto.UserNameList, len(m))
+	for groupID, names := range m {
+		id, ok := e.authorizedGroupKey(groupID)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[id] = &proto.UserNameList{Names: names}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// authorizedGroupKey resolves the wire key for a group that grants SSH access.
+// These are user groups: they hold no peers, so nothing puts them in
+// components.Groups and groupPublicXid cannot see them. Dropping them the way a
+// missing source/destination group is dropped would strip every authorized user
+// from the envelope while PeerConfig still reports SSH enabled, leaving the peer
+// running sshd with nobody able to log in — so the id is passed through instead.
+// AuthorizedGroups and GroupIDToUserIDs are only ever used against each other,
+// on both sides of the wire, so they just have to agree.
+func (e *componentEncoder) authorizedGroupKey(groupID string) (string, bool) {
+	if groupID == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if id, ok := e.groupPublicXid(groupID); ok {
+		return id, true
+	}
+	return groupID, true
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) groupPublicXid(groupID string) (string, bool) {
+	g, ok := e.components.Groups[groupID]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return g.PublicID, true
+}
+
+// resourceToProto translates types.Resource for the wire. For peer-typed
+// resources the peer id is converted to a peer index into the envelope's
+// peers array. For other resource types only the type string is shipped
+// today (Calculate's resource-typed rule path consults SourceResource only
+// for "peer" — other types fall through to group-based lookup).
+func (e *componentEncoder) resourceToProto(r nmdata.Resource) *proto.ResourceCompact {
+	if !types.ResourceType(r.Type).Valid() || r.ID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	out := &proto.ResourceCompact{Type: r.Type}
+
+	if r.Type == string(types.ResourceTypePeer) {
+		idx, ok := e.peerOrder[r.ID]
+		if !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
+		out.PeerIndexSet = true
+		out.PeerIndex = idx
+		return out
+	}
+
+	publicID, ok := e.networkIdToPublicId[r.ID]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out.Id = publicID
+
+	return out
+}
+
+// postureCheckSeqs translates a slice of posture-check xids to their
+// public xids. Unresolvable xids are silently dropped — matches how group/peer
+// references handle the same case.
+func (e *componentEncoder) postureCheckSeqs(xids []string) []string {
+	if len(xids) == 0 || len(e.components.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(xids))
+	for _, xid := range xids {
+		if seq, ok := e.components.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID[xid]; ok {
+			out = append(out, seq)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// networkSeq translates a Network xid to its public id using
+// the NetworkMapComponents.NetworkXIDToPublicID lookup. Returns (0,false) when
+// the xid isn't known — callers decide whether to skip the parent record.
+func (e *componentEncoder) networkPublicId(xid string) (string, bool) {
+	if xid == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	id, ok := e.components.NetworkXIDToPublicID[xid]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return id, true
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodeDNSSettings(s *nmdata.DNSSettings) *proto.DNSSettingsCompact {
+	if s == nil || len(s.DisabledManagementGroups) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := &proto.DNSSettingsCompact{
+		DisabledManagementGroupIds: make([]string, 0, len(s.DisabledManagementGroups)),
+	}
+	for _, gid := range s.DisabledManagementGroups {
+		if id, ok := e.groupPublicXid(gid); ok {
+			out.DisabledManagementGroupIds = append(out.DisabledManagementGroupIds, id)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodeRoutes(routes []*nmdata.Route) []*proto.RouteRaw {
+	if len(routes) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*proto.RouteRaw, 0, len(routes))
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if r == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		rr := &proto.RouteRaw{
+			Id:                    r.PublicID,
+			NetId:                 string(r.NetID),
+			Description:           r.Description,
+			KeepRoute:             r.KeepRoute,
+			NetworkType:           int32(r.NetworkType),
+			Masquerade:            r.Masquerade,
+			Metric:                int32(r.Metric),
+			Enabled:               r.Enabled,
+			SkipAutoApply:         r.SkipAutoApply,
+			Domains:               r.Domains.ToPunycodeList(),
+			GroupIds:              e.groupPublicXids(r.Groups),
+			AccessControlGroupIds: e.groupPublicXids(r.AccessControlGroups),
+			PeerGroupIds:          e.groupPublicXids(r.PeerGroups),
+		}
+		if r.Network.IsValid() {
+			rr.NetworkCidr = r.Network.String()
+		}
+		if r.Peer != "" {
+			if idx, ok := e.peerOrder[r.Peer]; ok {
+				rr.PeerIndexSet = true
+				rr.PeerIndex = idx
+			}
+		}
+		out = append(out, rr)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodeNameServerGroups(nsgs []*nmdata.NameServerGroup) []*proto.NameServerGroupRaw {
+	if len(nsgs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*proto.NameServerGroupRaw, 0, len(nsgs))
+	for _, nsg := range nsgs {
+		if nsg == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		entry := &proto.NameServerGroupRaw{
+			Id:                   nsg.PublicID,
+			Nameservers:          encodeNameServers(nsg.NameServers),
+			GroupIds:             e.groupPublicXids(nsg.Groups),
+			Primary:              nsg.Primary,
+			Domains:              nsg.Domains,
+			Enabled:              nsg.Enabled,
+			SearchDomainsEnabled: nsg.SearchDomainsEnabled,
+		}
+		out = append(out, entry)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func encodeNameServers(servers []nmdata.NameServer) []*proto.NameServer {
+	if len(servers) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*proto.NameServer, 0, len(servers))
+	for _, s := range servers {
+		out = append(out, &proto.NameServer{
+			IP:     s.IP.String(),
+			NSType: int64(s.NSType),
+			Port:   int64(s.Port),
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func encodeSimpleRecords(records []nmdata.SimpleRecord) []*proto.SimpleRecord {
+	if len(records) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*proto.SimpleRecord, 0, len(records))
+	for _, r := range records {
+		out = append(out, &proto.SimpleRecord{
+			Name:  r.Name,
+			Type:  int64(r.Type),
+			Class: r.Class,
+			TTL:   int64(r.TTL),
+			RData: r.RData,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func encodeCustomZones(zones []nmdata.CustomZone) []*proto.CustomZone {
+	if len(zones) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*proto.CustomZone, 0, len(zones))
+	for _, z := range zones {
+		out = append(out, &proto.CustomZone{
+			Domain:               z.Domain,
+			Records:              encodeSimpleRecords(z.Records),
+			SearchDomainDisabled: z.SearchDomainDisabled,
+			NonAuthoritative:     z.NonAuthoritative,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodeNetworkResources(resources []*nmdata.NetworkResource) []*proto.NetworkResourceRaw {
+	if len(resources) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*proto.NetworkResourceRaw, 0, len(resources))
+	for _, r := range resources {
+		if r == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		entry := &proto.NetworkResourceRaw{
+			Id:          r.PublicID,
+			Name:        r.Name,
+			Description: r.Description,
+			Type:        string(r.Type),
+			Address:     r.Address,
+			DomainValue: r.Domain,
+			Enabled:     r.Enabled,
+		}
+		if id, ok := e.networkPublicId(r.NetworkID); ok {
+			entry.NetworkSeq = id
+		}
+		if r.Prefix.IsValid() {
+			entry.PrefixCidr = r.Prefix.String()
+		}
+		out = append(out, entry)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodeRoutersMap(routersMap map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter) map[string]*proto.NetworkRouterList {
+	if len(routersMap) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]*proto.NetworkRouterList, len(routersMap))
+	for networkXID, routers := range routersMap {
+		if len(routers) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		id, ok := e.networkPublicId(networkXID)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		entries := make([]*proto.NetworkRouterEntry, 0, len(routers))
+		for peerID, r := range routers {
+			if r == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			entry := &proto.NetworkRouterEntry{
+				Id:           r.PublicID,
+				PeerGroupIds: e.groupPublicXids(r.PeerGroups),
+				Masquerade:   r.Masquerade,
+				Metric:       int32(r.Metric),
+				Enabled:      r.Enabled,
+			}
+			if idx, ok := e.peerOrder[peerID]; ok {
+				entry.PeerIndexSet = true
+				entry.PeerIndex = idx
+			}
+			entries = append(entries, entry)
+		}
+		out[id] = &proto.NetworkRouterList{Entries: entries}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodeResourcePoliciesMap(rpm map[string][]*nmdata.Policy) map[string]*proto.PolicyIds {
+	if len(rpm) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// resourceXIDToPublicID is local to one encode — built from components.NetworkResources
+	// (small slice). Network resources without seq id are dropped, matching how
+	// other components-without-seq are silently filtered.
+	resourceXIDToPublicID := make(map[string]string, len(e.components.NetworkResources))
+	for _, r := range e.components.NetworkResources {
+		if r != nil {
+			resourceXIDToPublicID[r.ID] = r.PublicID
+		}
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]*proto.PolicyIds, len(rpm))
+	for resourceXID, policies := range rpm {
+		resId, ok := resourceXIDToPublicID[resourceXID]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		ids := make([]string, 0, len(policies))
+		for _, pol := range policies {
+			if pol == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			ids = append(ids, pol.PublicID)
+		}
+		if len(ids) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[resId] = &proto.PolicyIds{Ids: ids}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodeGroupIDToUserIDs(m map[string][]string) map[string]*proto.UserIDList {
+	if len(m) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]*proto.UserIDList, len(m))
+	for groupID, userIDs := range m {
+		id, ok := e.authorizedGroupKey(groupID)
+		if !ok || len(userIDs) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[id] = &proto.UserIDList{UserIds: userIDs}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func stringSetToSlice(s map[string]struct{}) []string {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(s))
+	for k := range s {
+		out = append(out, k)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *componentEncoder) encodePostureFailedPeers(m map[string]map[string]struct{}) map[string]*proto.PeerIndexSet {
+	if len(m) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]*proto.PeerIndexSet, len(m))
+	for checkXID, failedPeerIDs := range m {
+		id, ok := e.components.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID[checkXID]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		idxs := make([]uint32, 0, len(failedPeerIDs))
+		for peerID := range failedPeerIDs {
+			if idx, ok := e.peerOrder[peerID]; ok {
+				idxs = append(idxs, idx)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(idxs) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[id] = &proto.PeerIndexSet{PeerIndexes: idxs}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// toAccountSettingsCompact always returns a non-nil message — the client
+// dereferences it unconditionally during Calculate(), so a nil here would
+// crash the receiver. A missing types.AccountSettingsInfo on the server
+// (which shouldn't happen in production but the encoder is exported)
+// degrades to login_expiration_enabled = false, which makes
+// LoginExpired() return false for every peer.
+func toAccountSettingsCompact(s *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo) *proto.AccountSettingsCompact {
+	if s == nil {
+		return &proto.AccountSettingsCompact{}
+	}
+	return &proto.AccountSettingsCompact{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: s.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled,
+		PeerLoginExpirationNs:      int64(s.PeerLoginExpiration),
+	}
+}
+
+func toAccountNetwork(n *nmdata.Network) *proto.AccountNetwork {
+	if n == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := &proto.AccountNetwork{
+		Identifier: n.Identifier,
+		NetCidr:    n.Net.String(),
+		Dns:        n.Dns,
+		Serial:     n.CurrentSerial(),
+	}
+	if len(n.NetV6.IP) > 0 {
+		out.NetV6Cidr = n.NetV6.String()
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func toPeerCompact(p *nmdata.Peer) *proto.PeerCompact {
+	pc := &proto.PeerCompact{
+		WgPubKey:               decodeWgKey(p.Key),
+		SshPubKey:              []byte(p.SSHKey),
+		DnsLabel:               p.DNSLabel,
+		AgentVersion:           p.Meta.WtVersion,
+		AddedWithSsoLogin:      p.UserID != "",
+		LoginExpirationEnabled: p.LoginExpirationEnabled,
+		SshEnabled:             p.SSHEnabled,
+		SupportsIpv6:           p.SupportsIPv6(),
+		SupportsSourcePrefixes: p.SupportsSourcePrefixes(),
+		ServerSshAllowed:       p.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed,
+		ProxyEmbedded:          p.ProxyMeta.Embedded,
+	}
+	if p.LastLogin != nil {
+		pc.LastLoginUnixNano = p.LastLogin.UnixNano()
+	}
+	switch {
+	case !p.IP.IsValid():
+		// leave Ip nil
+	case p.IP.Is4() || p.IP.Is4In6():
+		ip := p.IP.Unmap().As4()
+		pc.Ip = ip[:]
+	default:
+		ip := p.IP.As16()
+		pc.Ip = ip[:]
+	}
+	if p.IPv6.IsValid() {
+		ip := p.IPv6.As16()
+		pc.Ipv6 = ip[:]
+	}
+	return pc
+}
+
+// decodeWgKey returns the raw 32 bytes of a base64-encoded WireGuard public
+// key, or nil for an empty / malformed key.
+func decodeWgKey(s string) []byte {
+	if s == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]byte, wgKeyRawLen)
+	n, err := base64.StdEncoding.Decode(out, []byte(s))
+	if err != nil || n != wgKeyRawLen {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func portsToUint32(ports []string) []uint32 {
+	if len(ports) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]uint32, 0, len(ports))
+	for _, p := range ports {
+		v, err := strconv.ParseUint(p, 10, 16)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, uint32(v))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func portRangesToProto(ranges []nmdata.RulePortRange) []*proto.PortInfo_Range {
+	if len(ranges) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*proto.PortInfo_Range, 0, len(ranges))
+	for _, r := range ranges {
+		out = append(out, &proto.PortInfo_Range{
+			Start: uint32(r.Start),
+			End:   uint32(r.End),
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_encoder_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_encoder_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ee554e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_encoder_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,820 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	goproto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+const testWgKeyA = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopq="
+const testWgKeyB = "BBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopq="
+const testWgKeyC = "CBCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopq="
+
+// canonicalize rewrites a NetworkMapComponentsFull in place into a canonical
+// form: peers reordered by wg_pub_key, with the rest of the message rewritten
+// to reference the new peer indexes. Groups, policies, and router indexes are
+// also sorted. After canonicalize, two envelopes built from the same logical
+// input compare byte-equal via proto.Equal.
+//
+// This lives on the test side — the encoder itself emits in map-iteration
+// order. Test-side normalization is the contract for "two encodes are
+// equivalent".
+func canonicalize(full *proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull) {
+	if full == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	type peerEntry struct {
+		peer   *proto.PeerCompact
+		oldIdx uint32
+	}
+	entries := make([]peerEntry, len(full.Peers))
+	for i, p := range full.Peers {
+		entries[i] = peerEntry{peer: p, oldIdx: uint32(i)}
+	}
+	// DnsLabel is unique per peer; it tiebreaks on equal WgPubKey (e.g. both
+	// nil from malformed keys, or both empty for placeholders).
+	slices.SortFunc(entries, func(a, b peerEntry) int {
+		if c := bytes.Compare(a.peer.WgPubKey, b.peer.WgPubKey); c != 0 {
+			return c
+		}
+		return cmp.Compare(a.peer.DnsLabel, b.peer.DnsLabel)
+	})
+
+	remap := make(map[uint32]uint32, len(entries))
+	newPeers := make([]*proto.PeerCompact, len(entries))
+	for newIdx, e := range entries {
+		remap[e.oldIdx] = uint32(newIdx)
+		newPeers[newIdx] = e.peer
+	}
+	full.Peers = newPeers
+
+	full.RouterPeerIndexes = remapAndSort(full.RouterPeerIndexes, remap)
+	for _, g := range full.Groups {
+		g.PeerIndexes = remapAndSort(g.PeerIndexes, remap)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(full.Groups, func(a, b *proto.GroupCompact) int { return cmp.Compare(a.Id, b.Id) })
+
+	for _, r := range full.Routes {
+		if r.PeerIndexSet {
+			if newIdx, ok := remap[r.PeerIndex]; ok {
+				r.PeerIndex = newIdx
+			}
+		}
+		slices.Sort(r.GroupIds)
+		slices.Sort(r.AccessControlGroupIds)
+		slices.Sort(r.PeerGroupIds)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(full.Routes, func(a, b *proto.RouteRaw) int { return cmp.Compare(a.Id, b.Id) })
+
+	for _, list := range full.RoutersMap {
+		for _, entry := range list.Entries {
+			if entry.PeerIndexSet {
+				if newIdx, ok := remap[entry.PeerIndex]; ok {
+					entry.PeerIndex = newIdx
+				}
+			}
+			slices.Sort(entry.PeerGroupIds)
+		}
+		slices.SortFunc(list.Entries, func(a, b *proto.NetworkRouterEntry) int { return cmp.Compare(a.Id, b.Id) })
+	}
+
+	for _, set := range full.PostureFailedPeers {
+		set.PeerIndexes = remapAndSort(set.PeerIndexes, remap)
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range full.Policies {
+		slices.Sort(p.SourceGroupIds)
+		slices.Sort(p.DestinationGroupIds)
+	}
+	// Sort policies by (Id, source_group_ids, destination_group_ids) so that
+	// multiple PolicyCompact entries sharing the same Id (one per rule, when
+	// a Policy has multiple rules) still get a deterministic order. After
+	// sorting we remap indexes in ResourcePoliciesMap.
+	policyOldOrder := make(map[*proto.PolicyCompact]uint32, len(full.Policies))
+	for i, p := range full.Policies {
+		policyOldOrder[p] = uint32(i)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(full.Policies, func(a, b *proto.PolicyCompact) int {
+		if c := cmp.Compare(a.Id, b.Id); c != 0 {
+			return c
+		}
+		if c := slices.Compare(a.SourceGroupIds, b.SourceGroupIds); c != 0 {
+			return c
+		}
+		return slices.Compare(a.DestinationGroupIds, b.DestinationGroupIds)
+	})
+	policyRemap := make(map[uint32]uint32, len(full.Policies))
+	for newIdx, p := range full.Policies {
+		policyRemap[policyOldOrder[p]] = uint32(newIdx)
+	}
+	for _, idxs := range full.ResourcePoliciesMap {
+		slices.Sort(idxs.Ids)
+	}
+	for _, list := range full.GroupIdToUserIds {
+		slices.Sort(list.UserIds)
+	}
+	slices.Sort(full.AllowedUserIds)
+}
+
+func remapAndSort(idxs []uint32, remap map[uint32]uint32) []uint32 {
+	out := make([]uint32, 0, len(idxs))
+	for _, i := range idxs {
+		if newIdx, ok := remap[i]; ok {
+			out = append(out, newIdx)
+		}
+	}
+	slices.Sort(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// envelopesEquivalent decodes both envelopes, canonicalizes them, and reports
+// whether they're proto.Equal. Use instead of byte-comparing marshaled output:
+// the encoder is intentionally non-deterministic.
+func envelopesEquivalent(a, b *proto.NetworkMapEnvelope) bool {
+	canonicalize(a.GetFull())
+	canonicalize(b.GetFull())
+	return goproto.Equal(a, b)
+}
+
+func newTestComponents() *types.NetworkMapComponents {
+	peerA := &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:       "peer-a",
+		Key:      testWgKeyA,
+		IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
+		DNSLabel: "peera",
+		SSHKey:   "ssh-a",
+		Meta:     nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.40.0"},
+	}
+	peerB := &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:       "peer-b",
+		Key:      testWgKeyB,
+		IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 2}),
+		IPv6:     netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0xfd, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2}),
+		DNSLabel: "peerb",
+		Meta:     nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.25.0"},
+	}
+	peerC := &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:       "peer-c",
+		Key:      testWgKeyC,
+		IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 3}),
+		DNSLabel: "peerc",
+		Meta:     nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.40.0"},
+	}
+
+	return &types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		PeerID: "peer-a",
+		Network: &nmdata.Network{
+			Identifier: "net-test",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+			Serial:     7,
+		},
+		AccountSettings: &nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{
+			PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+			PeerLoginExpiration:        2 * time.Hour,
+		},
+		Peers: map[string]*nmdata.Peer{
+			"peer-a": peerA,
+			"peer-b": peerB,
+			"peer-c": peerC,
+		},
+		Groups: map[string]*nmdata.Group{
+			"group-src": {PublicID: "1", Name: "Src", Peers: []string{"peer-a"}},
+			"group-dst": {PublicID: "2", Name: "Dst", Peers: []string{"peer-b", "peer-c"}},
+		},
+		Policies: []*nmdata.Policy{
+			{
+				ID:       "pol-1",
+				PublicID: "10",
+				Enabled:  true,
+				Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{{
+					ID: "rule-1", Enabled: true, Action: string(types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+					Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP), Bidirectional: true,
+					Ports:        []string{"22", "80"},
+					PortRanges:   []nmdata.RulePortRange{{Start: 8000, End: 8100}},
+					Sources:      []string{"group-src"},
+					Destinations: []string{"group-dst"},
+				}},
+			},
+		},
+		RouterPeers: map[string]*nmdata.Peer{"peer-c": peerC},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_Basic(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	env := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components: c,
+		DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+	})
+
+	require.NotNil(t, env)
+	full := env.GetFull()
+	require.NotNil(t, full, "envelope must contain Full payload")
+
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 7, full.Serial)
+	assert.Equal(t, "netbird.cloud", full.DnsDomain)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, full.Network)
+	assert.Equal(t, "net-test", full.Network.Identifier)
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.0/10", full.Network.NetCidr)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, full.AccountSettings)
+	assert.True(t, full.AccountSettings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, (2 * time.Hour).Nanoseconds(), full.AccountSettings.PeerLoginExpirationNs)
+
+	require.Len(t, full.Peers, 3)
+	byLabel := map[string]*proto.PeerCompact{}
+	for _, p := range full.Peers {
+		assert.Len(t, p.WgPubKey, 32, "wg key must be raw 32 bytes")
+		assert.Len(t, p.Ip, 4, "ipv4 must be raw 4 bytes")
+		byLabel[p.DnsLabel] = p
+	}
+	assert.Len(t, byLabel["peerb"].Ipv6, 16, "peer-b has ipv6 → 16 bytes")
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_RepeatEncodesEquivalent(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+
+	expected := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c})
+
+	// Hammer it 100 times — Go map iteration is randomized per call, so each
+	// run produces different wire bytes, but the canonicalized form must
+	// match.
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		got := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c})
+		require.True(t, envelopesEquivalent(expected, got),
+			"encode #%d must be semantically equivalent to first encode", i)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_ConcurrentEncodesEquivalent(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+
+	expected := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c})
+
+	const goroutines = 50
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(goroutines)
+	results := make([]*proto.NetworkMapEnvelope, goroutines)
+	for i := 0; i < goroutines; i++ {
+		i := i
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			results[i] = EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c})
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	for i, got := range results {
+		require.NotNil(t, got, "goroutine %d returned nil", i)
+		require.True(t, envelopesEquivalent(expected, got),
+			"goroutine %d produced inequivalent envelope", i)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_GroupsByAccountPublicId(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Len(t, full.Groups, 2)
+
+	groupByID := map[string]*proto.GroupCompact{}
+	for _, g := range full.Groups {
+		groupByID[g.Id] = g
+	}
+	require.Contains(t, groupByID, "1")
+	require.Contains(t, groupByID, "2")
+	assert.Len(t, groupByID["1"].PeerIndexes, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, groupByID["2"].PeerIndexes, 2)
+}
+
+func TestEncodePolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	encoder := componentEncoder{peerOrder: map[string]uint32{"peerId": uint32(1234)}, networkIdToPublicId: map[string]string{"domain": "publicDomain", "host": "publicHost", "subnet": "publicSubnet"}}
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		encoder.resourceToProto(nmdata.Resource{Type: "peer", ID: "peerId"}),
+		&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "peer", PeerIndexSet: true, PeerIndex: uint32(1234)})
+	// verify invalid peer id results in nil
+	assert.Nil(t,
+		encoder.resourceToProto(nmdata.Resource{Type: "peer", ID: "boom"}))
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		encoder.resourceToProto(nmdata.Resource{Type: "domain", ID: "domain"}),
+		&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "domain", Id: "publicDomain"})
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		encoder.resourceToProto(nmdata.Resource{Type: "host", ID: "host"}),
+		&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "host", Id: "publicHost"})
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		encoder.resourceToProto(nmdata.Resource{Type: "subnet", ID: "subnet"}),
+		&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "subnet", Id: "publicSubnet"})
+	// verify invalid resource type results in nil
+	assert.Nil(t,
+		encoder.resourceToProto(nmdata.Resource{Type: "boom", ID: "boom"}))
+	// verify invalid networkresource id results in nil
+	assert.Nil(t,
+		encoder.resourceToProto(nmdata.Resource{Type: "host", ID: "boom"}))
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_PolicyExpansion(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Len(t, full.Policies, 1)
+	pc := full.Policies[0]
+	assert.EqualValues(t, "10", pc.Id)
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.RuleAction_ACCEPT, pc.Action)
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.RuleProtocol_TCP, pc.Protocol)
+	assert.True(t, pc.Bidirectional)
+	assert.Equal(t, []uint32{22, 80}, pc.Ports)
+	require.Len(t, pc.PortRanges, 1)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 8000, pc.PortRanges[0].Start)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 8100, pc.PortRanges[0].End)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"1"}, pc.SourceGroupIds)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"2"}, pc.DestinationGroupIds)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_RouterIndexes(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Len(t, full.RouterPeerIndexes, 1)
+	idx := full.RouterPeerIndexes[0]
+	require.Less(t, int(idx), len(full.Peers))
+	assert.Equal(t, "peerc", full.Peers[idx].DnsLabel)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_DisabledPolicySkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.Policies[0].Enabled = false
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	assert.Empty(t, full.Policies)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_TwoPeersSameMalformedKey(t *testing.T) {
+	// Both peers have nil WgPubKey after decode; canonicalize must still
+	// produce a stable order using DnsLabel as a tiebreaker, so 100 encodes
+	// canonicalize identically.
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.Peers["peer-a"].Key = "garbage-a-!!!"
+	c.Peers["peer-b"].Key = "garbage-b-!!!"
+
+	expected := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c})
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		got := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c})
+		require.True(t, envelopesEquivalent(expected, got),
+			"encode #%d with two same-key peers must canonicalize equivalently", i)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_MalformedWgKey(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.Peers["peer-a"].Key = "not-base64-!!!"
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Len(t, full.Peers, 3)
+
+	var byLabel = map[string]*proto.PeerCompact{}
+	for _, p := range full.Peers {
+		byLabel[p.DnsLabel] = p
+	}
+	assert.Nil(t, byLabel["peera"].WgPubKey, "peer with malformed key encodes nil WgPubKey")
+	assert.Len(t, byLabel["peerb"].WgPubKey, 32, "other peers retain their key")
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_IPv6OnlyPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	v6Only := &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:       "peer-v6",
+		Key:      testWgKeyA,
+		IPv6:     netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte{0xfd, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9}),
+		DNSLabel: "peerv6",
+		Meta:     nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.40.0"},
+	}
+	c.Peers["peer-v6"] = v6Only
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	var found *proto.PeerCompact
+	for _, p := range full.Peers {
+		if p.DnsLabel == "peerv6" {
+			found = p
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, found, "ipv6-only peer must be present")
+	assert.Empty(t, found.Ip, "no IPv4 address → empty Ip")
+	assert.Len(t, found.Ipv6, 16)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_PeerWithoutIP(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.Peers["peer-noip"] = &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:       "peer-noip",
+		Key:      testWgKeyA,
+		DNSLabel: "peernoip",
+		Meta:     nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.40.0"},
+	}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	var found *proto.PeerCompact
+	for _, p := range full.Peers {
+		if p.DnsLabel == "peernoip" {
+			found = p
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, found)
+	assert.Empty(t, found.Ip)
+	assert.Empty(t, found.Ipv6)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_EmptyInput(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		Network: &nmdata.Network{Identifier: "x", Net: net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)}},
+	}
+
+	env := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c})
+
+	full := env.GetFull()
+	require.NotNil(t, full)
+	assert.Empty(t, full.Peers)
+	assert.Empty(t, full.Groups)
+	assert.Empty(t, full.Policies)
+	assert.Empty(t, full.RouterPeerIndexes)
+	require.NotNil(t, full.AccountSettings, "AccountSettingsCompact must always be emitted (client dereferences it unconditionally)")
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_PeerLoginExpirationFields(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	now := time.Date(2024, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)
+	c.Peers["peer-a"].UserID = "user-1"
+	c.Peers["peer-a"].LoginExpirationEnabled = true
+	c.Peers["peer-a"].LastLogin = &now
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	var pa *proto.PeerCompact
+	for _, p := range full.Peers {
+		if p.DnsLabel == "peera" {
+			pa = p
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, pa)
+	assert.True(t, pa.AddedWithSsoLogin)
+	assert.True(t, pa.LoginExpirationEnabled)
+	assert.Equal(t, now.UnixNano(), pa.LastLoginUnixNano)
+
+	// peer-b has no UserID and no LastLogin → all fields zero-value.
+	var pb *proto.PeerCompact
+	for _, p := range full.Peers {
+		if p.DnsLabel == "peerb" {
+			pb = p
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, pb)
+	assert.False(t, pb.AddedWithSsoLogin)
+	assert.False(t, pb.LoginExpirationEnabled)
+	assert.Zero(t, pb.LastLoginUnixNano)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_RoutesRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{
+		{
+			ID:                  "route-peer",
+			PublicID:            "100",
+			NetID:               "net-A",
+			Description:         "via peer-c",
+			Network:             netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/16"),
+			Peer:                "peer-c", // peer ID, not WG key
+			Groups:              []string{"group-src"},
+			AccessControlGroups: []string{"group-dst"},
+			Enabled:             true,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:         "route-peergroup",
+			PublicID:   "101",
+			NetID:      "net-B",
+			Network:    netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/16"),
+			PeerGroups: []string{"group-src", "group-dst"},
+			Enabled:    true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Len(t, full.Routes, 2)
+	byNetID := map[string]*proto.RouteRaw{}
+	for _, r := range full.Routes {
+		byNetID[r.NetId] = r
+	}
+
+	r1 := byNetID["net-A"]
+	require.NotNil(t, r1)
+	assert.True(t, r1.PeerIndexSet, "route with peer must set peer_index_set")
+	require.Less(t, int(r1.PeerIndex), len(full.Peers))
+	assert.Equal(t, "peerc", full.Peers[r1.PeerIndex].DnsLabel)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"1"}, r1.GroupIds, "group-src has AccountSeqID 1")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"2"}, r1.AccessControlGroupIds, "group-dst has AccountSeqID 2")
+	assert.Empty(t, r1.PeerGroupIds)
+
+	r2 := byNetID["net-B"]
+	require.NotNil(t, r2)
+	assert.False(t, r2.PeerIndexSet, "route with peer_groups must NOT set peer_index_set")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"1", "2"}, r2.PeerGroupIds)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_RouteWithMissingPeerLeavesIndexUnset(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{{
+		ID:       "route-x",
+		PublicID: "100",
+		Peer:     "peer-not-in-components",
+		Network:  netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/16"),
+		Enabled:  true,
+	}}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Len(t, full.Routes, 1)
+	assert.False(t, full.Routes[0].PeerIndexSet,
+		"missing peer reference must not pretend to point at peer index 0")
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_ResourceOnlyPolicyShippedAndIndexed(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	// Policy that exists ONLY in ResourcePoliciesMap, not in c.Policies. This
+	// is the I1 case — without unionPolicies the encoder would silently
+	// drop it from the wire.
+	resourceOnlyPolicy := &nmdata.Policy{
+		ID: "pol-resource", PublicID: "99", Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-r", Enabled: true, Action: string(types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+			Protocol:     string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP),
+			Sources:      []string{"group-src"},
+			Destinations: []string{"group-dst"},
+		}},
+	}
+	c.ResourcePoliciesMap = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{
+		"resource-x": {c.Policies[0], resourceOnlyPolicy}, // shared + resource-only
+	}
+	// Resource must appear in components.NetworkResources with a seq id —
+	// encoder uses that to translate the xid map key to uint32.
+	c.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		{ID: "resource-x", PublicID: "77", Name: "res-x", Enabled: true},
+	}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Len(t, full.Policies, 2, "encoded policies must include both peer-traffic and resource-only")
+
+	policyByID := map[string]*proto.PolicyCompact{}
+	policyIds := make([]string, 0)
+	for _, p := range full.Policies {
+		policyByID[p.Id] = p
+		policyIds = append(policyIds, p.Id)
+	}
+	require.Contains(t, policyByID, "10", "original peer-traffic policy id 10")
+	require.Contains(t, policyByID, "99", "resource-only policy id 99")
+
+	require.Contains(t, full.ResourcePoliciesMap, "77")
+	ids := full.ResourcePoliciesMap["77"].Ids
+	require.Len(t, ids, 2)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, policyIds, ids,
+		"resource policies map must reference both wire policy indexes")
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_NameServerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.NameServerGroups = []*nmdata.NameServerGroup{{
+		ID: "nsg-1", PublicID: "50", Name: "Main", Description: "primary",
+		NameServers: []nmdata.NameServer{{
+			IP: netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"), NSType: int(nbdns.UDPNameServerType), Port: 53,
+		}},
+		Groups:  []string{"group-src", "group-not-persisted"},
+		Primary: true, Enabled: true,
+		Domains: []string{"corp.example"},
+	}}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Len(t, full.NameserverGroups, 1)
+	nsg := full.NameserverGroups[0]
+	assert.EqualValues(t, "50", nsg.Id)
+	assert.True(t, nsg.Primary)
+	require.Len(t, nsg.Nameservers, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "8.8.8.8", nsg.Nameservers[0].IP)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"1"}, nsg.GroupIds)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_PostureFailedPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID = map[string]string{"check-1": "33"}
+	c.PostureFailedPeers = map[string]map[string]struct{}{
+		"check-1": {
+			"peer-a":              {},
+			"peer-b":              {},
+			"peer-not-in-account": {},
+		},
+	}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Contains(t, full.PostureFailedPeers, "33")
+	idxs := full.PostureFailedPeers["33"].PeerIndexes
+	assert.Len(t, idxs, 2, "missing peer is silently dropped (filterPostureFailedPeers guarantees presence in real data)")
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_RoutersMap(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.NetworkXIDToPublicID = map[string]string{"net-1": "5"}
+	c.RoutersMap = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{
+		"net-1": {
+			"peer-c": {
+				PublicID:   "200",
+				Masquerade: true, Metric: 10, Enabled: true,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Contains(t, full.RoutersMap, "5")
+	entries := full.RoutersMap["5"].Entries
+	require.Len(t, entries, 1)
+	e := entries[0]
+	assert.EqualValues(t, "200", e.Id)
+	assert.True(t, e.PeerIndexSet)
+	require.Less(t, int(e.PeerIndex), len(full.Peers))
+	assert.Equal(t, "peerc", full.Peers[e.PeerIndex].DnsLabel)
+	assert.True(t, e.Masquerade)
+	assert.EqualValues(t, 10, e.Metric)
+	assert.True(t, e.Enabled)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_RouterPeerNotInComponentsPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	// Router peer in c.RouterPeers but NOT in c.Peers (validation may have
+	// filtered it). indexRouterPeers runs before encodeRoutersMap, so the
+	// peer_index reference must still resolve.
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	delete(c.Peers, "peer-c")
+	routerPeer := &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID: "peer-c", Key: testWgKeyC, IP: netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 3}),
+		DNSLabel: "peerc", Meta: nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.40.0"},
+	}
+	c.RouterPeers = map[string]*nmdata.Peer{"peer-c": routerPeer}
+	c.NetworkXIDToPublicID = map[string]string{"net-1": "5"}
+	c.RoutersMap = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{
+		"net-1": {"peer-c": {PublicID: "1", Enabled: true}},
+	}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Contains(t, full.RoutersMap, "5")
+	require.Len(t, full.RoutersMap["5"].Entries, 1)
+	e := full.RoutersMap["5"].Entries[0]
+	assert.True(t, e.PeerIndexSet, "router peer must be indexed even when not in c.Peers")
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_GroupIDToUserIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	c := newTestComponents()
+	c.GroupIDToUserIDs = map[string][]string{
+		"group-src":   {"user-1", "user-2"},
+		"group-users": {"user-4"},
+	}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.Len(t, full.GroupIdToUserIds, 2,
+		"a peer group is keyed by its public id, and a user group — which never appears in "+
+			"components.Groups — keeps its own id rather than being dropped, or the peer would "+
+			"receive no authorized SSH users at all")
+	require.Contains(t, full.GroupIdToUserIds, "1")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"user-1", "user-2"}, full.GroupIdToUserIds["1"].UserIds)
+	require.Contains(t, full.GroupIdToUserIds, "group-users")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"user-4"}, full.GroupIdToUserIds["group-users"].UserIds)
+}
+
+func TestToProxyPatch_EmptyInputReturnsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Nil(t, toProxyPatch(nil, "netbird.cloud", false, false, false))
+	assert.Nil(t, toProxyPatch(&types.NetworkMap{}, "netbird.cloud", false, false, false),
+		"empty NetworkMap (no peers, rules, routes etc) → nil patch so proto3 omits the field")
+}
+
+func TestToProxyPatch_PopulatesAllFields(t *testing.T) {
+	nm := &types.NetworkMap{
+		Peers: []*nmdata.Peer{{
+			ID: "ext-peer", Key: testWgKeyA, IP: netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 9}),
+			DNSLabel: "extpeer", Meta: nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.40.0"},
+		}},
+		FirewallRules: []*types.FirewallRule{{
+			PeerIP: "100.64.0.9", Action: "accept", Direction: 0, Protocol: "tcp",
+		}},
+	}
+
+	patch := toProxyPatch(nm, "netbird.cloud", false, false, false)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, patch)
+	assert.Len(t, patch.Peers, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, patch.FirewallRules, 1)
+}
+
+// TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_ProxyPatchPropagated covers the ProxyPatch
+// pass-through in both encoder branches (normal path + nil-Components
+// graceful-degrade). Guards against a regression that drops `ProxyPatch:`
+// from one of the envelope struct literals.
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_ProxyPatchPropagated(t *testing.T) {
+	patch := &proto.ProxyPatch{
+		ForwardingRules: []*proto.ForwardingRule{{
+			Protocol:          proto.RuleProtocol_TCP,
+			DestinationPort:   &proto.PortInfo{PortSelection: &proto.PortInfo_Port{Port: 80}},
+			TranslatedAddress: net.IPv4(10, 0, 0, 1).To4(),
+			TranslatedPort:    &proto.PortInfo{PortSelection: &proto.PortInfo_Port{Port: 8080}},
+		}},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("normal_path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := newTestComponents()
+		full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+			Components: c,
+			ProxyPatch: patch,
+		}).GetFull()
+
+		require.NotNil(t, full.ProxyPatch, "ProxyPatch must propagate through the normal encode path")
+		assert.Len(t, full.ProxyPatch.ForwardingRules, 1)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty_components_graceful_degrade", func(t *testing.T) {
+		full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+			Components: emptyNetworkMapComponents(),
+			ProxyPatch: patch,
+		}).GetFull()
+
+		require.NotNil(t, full.ProxyPatch, "ProxyPatch must propagate through the nil-Components branch too")
+		assert.Len(t, full.ProxyPatch.ForwardingRules, 1)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_NilComponentsGracefulDegrade(t *testing.T) {
+	// nil Components → minimal envelope, no crash. Matches the legacy
+	// behaviour for missing/unvalidated peers.
+	env := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components: emptyNetworkMapComponents(),
+		DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+	})
+
+	require.NotNil(t, env)
+	full := env.GetFull()
+	require.NotNil(t, full)
+	require.NotNil(t, full.AccountSettings, "AccountSettings must always be non-nil")
+	assert.Equal(t, "netbird.cloud", full.DnsDomain)
+	assert.Len(t, full.Peers, 1)
+	assert.Empty(t, full.Policies)
+	require.NotNil(t, full.Network, "client runs Calculate() over the envelope and dereferences Network unconditionally; a nil here would crash the receiver")
+	assert.Equal(t, "net-empty", full.Network.Identifier)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(9), full.Serial)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeNetworkMapEnvelope_AccountSettingsAlwaysEmitted(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		Network: &nmdata.Network{Identifier: "x", Net: net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)}},
+		// AccountSettings deliberately nil
+	}
+
+	full := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{Components: c}).GetFull()
+
+	require.NotNil(t, full.AccountSettings, "client dereferences AccountSettings unconditionally during Calculate(); a nil here would crash the receiver")
+	assert.False(t, full.AccountSettings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled)
+	assert.Zero(t, full.AccountSettings.PeerLoginExpirationNs)
+}
+
+func emptyNetworkMapComponents() *types.NetworkMapComponents {
+	return types.EmptyNetworkMapComponents(
+		&types.NetworkMapComponents{
+			PeerID: "peer-id", Peers: map[string]*nmdata.Peer{"peer-id": {}},
+			Network: &nmdata.Network{
+				Identifier: "net-empty",
+				Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+				Serial:     9,
+			},
+		},
+	)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_envelope_response.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_envelope_response.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdd2a7f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_envelope_response.go
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	integrationsConfig "github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations/config"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
+	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	sharedgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	nmdata "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// ToComponentSyncResponse builds a SyncResponse carrying the compact
+// NetworkMapEnvelope for capability-aware peers. The legacy proto.NetworkMap
+// field is intentionally left empty — capable peers ignore it and the
+// envelope alone is the authoritative wire shape.
+//
+// PeerConfig is computed once server-side using the receiving peer's own
+// account-level network metadata. EnableSSH inside PeerConfig is left at
+// peer.SSHEnabled (the peer's local setting); account-policy-driven SSH is
+// computed by the client from the envelope's GroupIDToUserIDs / AllowedUserIDs
+// inside Calculate(), so the SshConfig.SshEnabled bit may flip true on the
+// client even though the server-side PeerConfig reports false.
+func ToComponentSyncResponse(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	config *nbconfig.Config,
+	httpConfig *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig,
+	deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow,
+	peer *nmdata.Peer,
+	turnCredentials *Token,
+	relayCredentials *Token,
+	components *types.NetworkMapComponents,
+	proxyPatch *types.NetworkMap,
+	dnsName string,
+	checks []*nmdata.PostureChecks,
+	settings *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo,
+	extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings,
+	peerGroups []string,
+	dnsFwdPort int64,
+) *proto.SyncResponse {
+	//
+	// 'component' parameter is expected to never be nil
+	// 'peer' parameter is expected to never be nil
+	//
+	// TODO (dmitri) consider using invariants?
+	//
+	enableSSH := computeSSHEnabledForPeer(components, peer)
+	peerConfig := toPeerConfig(peer, components.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, enableSSH, components.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution)
+
+	includeIPv6 := peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid()
+	useSourcePrefixes := peer.SupportsSourcePrefixes()
+
+	userIDClaim := auth.DefaultUserIDClaim
+	if httpConfig != nil && httpConfig.AuthUserIDClaim != "" {
+		userIDClaim = httpConfig.AuthUserIDClaim
+	}
+
+	envelope := EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components:       components,
+		PeerConfig:       peerConfig,
+		DNSDomain:        dnsName,
+		DNSForwarderPort: dnsFwdPort,
+		UserIDClaim:      userIDClaim,
+		ProxyPatch:       toProxyPatch(proxyPatch, dnsName, includeIPv6, useSourcePrefixes, peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded),
+	})
+
+	resp := &proto.SyncResponse{
+		PeerConfig:         peerConfig,
+		NetworkMapEnvelope: envelope,
+		Checks:             toProtocolChecks(ctx, checks),
+		Version:            int32(sharedgrpc.ComponentNetworkMap),
+	}
+
+	nbConfig := toNetbirdConfig(config, turnCredentials, relayCredentials, extraSettings, settings)
+	resp.NetbirdConfig = integrationsConfig.ExtendNetBirdConfig(peer.ID, peerGroups, nbConfig, extraSettings)
+
+	// settings == nil → field stays nil → "no info in this snapshot", client
+	// preserves the deadline it already had. settings non-nil → emit either a
+	// valid deadline or the explicit-zero "disabled" sentinel via
+	// encodeSessionExpiresAt.
+	if settings != nil {
+		resp.SessionExpiresAt = encodeSessionExpiresAt(
+			peer.SessionExpiresAt(settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled, settings.PeerLoginExpiration),
+		)
+	}
+
+	return resp
+}
+
+// toProxyPatch converts a proxy-injected *types.NetworkMap into the wire
+// patch the components envelope ships alongside. Returns nil when there are
+// no fragments to merge — proto3 omits a nil message field, so the receiver
+// sees no patch and skips the merge step entirely.
+//
+// We reuse the legacy proto-conversion helpers (toProtocolRoutes,
+// toProtocolFirewallRules, toProtocolRoutesFirewallRules,
+// appendRemotePeerConfig, ForwardingRule.ToProto) because the proxy
+// delivers fragments pre-expanded — there's no raw component shape to
+// derive them from. Components purity isn't violated: proxy data isn't
+// policy-graph-derived, it's externally injected post-Calculate, so the
+// client merges it on top of its locally-computed NetworkMap.
+func toProxyPatch(nm *types.NetworkMap, dnsName string, includeIPv6, useSourcePrefixes, localIsProxy bool) *proto.ProxyPatch {
+	if nm == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(nm.Peers) == 0 && len(nm.OfflinePeers) == 0 && len(nm.FirewallRules) == 0 &&
+		len(nm.Routes) == 0 && len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules) == 0 && len(nm.ForwardingRules) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	patch := &proto.ProxyPatch{
+		Peers:              networkmap.AppendRemotePeerConfig(nil, nm.Peers, dnsName, includeIPv6, localIsProxy),
+		OfflinePeers:       networkmap.AppendRemotePeerConfig(nil, nm.OfflinePeers, dnsName, includeIPv6, localIsProxy),
+		FirewallRules:      networkmap.ToProtocolFirewallRules(nm.FirewallRules, includeIPv6, useSourcePrefixes),
+		Routes:             networkmap.ToProtocolRoutes(nm.Routes),
+		RouteFirewallRules: networkmap.ToProtocolRoutesFirewallRules(nm.RoutesFirewallRules),
+	}
+	if len(nm.ForwardingRules) > 0 {
+		patch.ForwardingRules = make([]*proto.ForwardingRule, 0, len(nm.ForwardingRules))
+		for _, r := range nm.ForwardingRules {
+			patch.ForwardingRules = append(patch.ForwardingRules, r.ToProto())
+		}
+	}
+	return patch
+}
+
+// computeSSHEnabledForPeer mirrors the SSH-server-activation bit that
+// Calculate() folds into NetworkMap.EnableSSH. Components-format peers
+// receive a freshly-computed PeerConfig.SshConfig.SshEnabled at sync time;
+// without this helper the field would be incorrectly false for any peer
+// that's the destination of an SSH-enabling policy without having
+// peer.SSHEnabled set locally.
+//
+// Mirrors the two activation paths Calculate() uses:
+//  1. Explicit: rule.Protocol == NetbirdSSH and peer is in the rule's
+//     destinations.
+//  2. Legacy implicit: rule covers TCP/22 or TCP/22022 (or ALL), peer is in
+//     destinations, AND the peer has SSHEnabled set locally — this is the
+//     "allow-all/TCP-22 implies SSH activation for SSH-capable peers" path.
+//
+// The full SSH AuthorizedUsers map is still produced by the client when it
+// runs Calculate() over the envelope.
+func computeSSHEnabledForPeer(c *types.NetworkMapComponents, peer *nmdata.Peer) bool {
+	if c == nil || peer == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	// Mirror Calculate's `getAllPeersFromGroups` invariant: target peer must
+	// exist in c.Peers, otherwise no rule applies to it.
+	if _, ok := c.Peers[peer.ID]; !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, policy := range c.Policies {
+		if policy == nil || !policy.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if ruleEnablesSSHForPeer(c, rule, peer) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// ruleEnablesSSHForPeer returns true when rule is active, targets peer, and
+// either explicitly authorises SSH or covers the legacy TCP/22 path while the
+// peer itself has SSH enabled locally.
+func ruleEnablesSSHForPeer(c *types.NetworkMapComponents, rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, peer *nmdata.Peer) bool {
+	if rule == nil || !rule.Enabled {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !peerInDestinations(c, rule, peer.ID) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if rule.Protocol == string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return peer.SSHEnabled && nmdata.PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule)
+}
+
+// peerInDestinations reports whether peerID is in any of rule.Destinations'
+// groups (or matches DestinationResource if it's a peer-typed resource —
+// for non-peer types Calculate falls through to group lookup, so we mirror
+// that exactly to avoid silent divergence).
+func peerInDestinations(c *types.NetworkMapComponents, rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, peerID string) bool {
+	if rule.DestinationResource.Type == string(types.ResourceTypePeer) && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
+		return rule.DestinationResource.ID == peerID
+	}
+	for _, groupID := range rule.Destinations {
+		if c.IsPeerInGroup(peerID, groupID) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_envelope_response_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_envelope_response_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..039cb73f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/components_envelope_response_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+// TestComputeSSHEnabledForPeer covers both Calculate-mirroring branches:
+// explicit NetbirdSSH protocol, and the legacy implicit case where a
+// TCP/22 (or 22022 / ALL / port-range-covering-22) rule activates SSH when
+// the destination peer has SSHEnabled=true locally.
+func TestComputeSSHEnabledForPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	const targetPeerID = "target"
+	const targetGroupID = "g_dst"
+
+	mkComponents := func(rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, sshEnabled bool) (*types.NetworkMapComponents, *nmdata.Peer) {
+		peer := &nmdata.Peer{ID: targetPeerID, SSHEnabled: sshEnabled}
+		return &types.NetworkMapComponents{
+			Peers:  map[string]*nmdata.Peer{targetPeerID: peer},
+			Groups: map[string]*nmdata.Group{targetGroupID: {Name: "dst", Peers: []string{targetPeerID}}},
+			Policies: []*nmdata.Policy{{
+				ID:      "p",
+				Enabled: true,
+				Rules:   []*nmdata.PolicyRule{rule},
+			}},
+		}, peer
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name        string
+		peerSSH     bool
+		rule        nmdata.PolicyRule
+		wantEnabled bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "explicit-netbird-ssh-activates-regardless-of-peer-ssh",
+			peerSSH: false,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled: true, Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH),
+				Destinations: []string{targetGroupID},
+			},
+			wantEnabled: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "implicit-tcp-22-with-peer-ssh",
+			peerSSH: true,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled: true, Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP), Ports: []string{"22"},
+				Destinations: []string{targetGroupID},
+			},
+			wantEnabled: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "implicit-tcp-22-without-peer-ssh-disabled",
+			peerSSH: false,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled: true, Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP), Ports: []string{"22"},
+				Destinations: []string{targetGroupID},
+			},
+			wantEnabled: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "implicit-tcp-22022-with-peer-ssh",
+			peerSSH: true,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled: true, Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP), Ports: []string{"22022"},
+				Destinations: []string{targetGroupID},
+			},
+			wantEnabled: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "implicit-all-protocol-with-peer-ssh",
+			peerSSH: true,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled: true, Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+				Destinations: []string{targetGroupID},
+			},
+			wantEnabled: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "implicit-port-range-covers-22",
+			peerSSH: true,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Protocol:     string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP),
+				PortRanges:   []nmdata.RulePortRange{{Start: 20, End: 30}},
+				Destinations: []string{targetGroupID},
+			},
+			wantEnabled: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "tcp-80-no-ssh",
+			peerSSH: true,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled: true, Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP), Ports: []string{"80"},
+				Destinations: []string{targetGroupID},
+			},
+			wantEnabled: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "disabled-rule-skipped",
+			peerSSH: true,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled: false, Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH),
+				Destinations: []string{targetGroupID},
+			},
+			wantEnabled: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "peer-not-in-destinations",
+			peerSSH: true,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled: true, Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH),
+				Destinations: []string{"g_other"}, // target not in this group
+			},
+			wantEnabled: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "peer-typed-destination-resource-matches",
+			peerSSH: false,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Protocol:            string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH),
+				DestinationResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: targetPeerID, Type: string(types.ResourceTypePeer)},
+			},
+			wantEnabled: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "non-peer-destination-resource-falls-through-to-groups",
+			peerSSH: false,
+			rule: nmdata.PolicyRule{
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Protocol:            string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH),
+				DestinationResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: targetPeerID, Type: "host"}, // wrong type
+				Destinations:        []string{targetGroupID},                         // saved by group fallback
+			},
+			wantEnabled: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c, peer := mkComponents(&tc.rule, tc.peerSSH)
+			got := computeSSHEnabledForPeer(c, peer)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantEnabled, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestComputeSSHEnabledForPeer_TargetMissingFromComponents covers the
+// belt-and-suspenders presence guard mirroring Calculate's
+// getAllPeersFromGroups invariant.
+func TestComputeSSHEnabledForPeer_TargetMissingFromComponents(t *testing.T) {
+	peer := &nmdata.Peer{ID: "missing", SSHEnabled: true}
+	c := &types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		Peers: map[string]*nmdata.Peer{}, // target peer NOT present
+		Groups: map[string]*nmdata.Group{
+			"g": {Peers: []string{"missing"}},
+		},
+		Policies: []*nmdata.Policy{{
+			ID: "p", Enabled: true,
+			Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{{
+				Enabled: true, Protocol: string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH),
+				Destinations: []string{"g"},
+			}},
+		}},
+	}
+	assert.False(t, computeSSHEnabledForPeer(c, peer),
+		"missing target peer must short-circuit to false, not consult policies")
+}
+
+// TestComputeSSHEnabledForPeer_NilInputs guards the cheap nil-checks at
+// function entry — Calculate doesn't accept nil either, but the helper is
+// exported indirectly via ToComponentSyncResponse and may receive nil
+// components on graceful-degrade paths.
+func TestComputeSSHEnabledForPeer_NilInputs(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.False(t, computeSSHEnabledForPeer(nil, &nmdata.Peer{ID: "x"}))
+	assert.False(t, computeSSHEnabledForPeer(&types.NetworkMapComponents{}, nil))
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go
index ef417d3cf..96bd9f1f4 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion.go
@@ -3,26 +3,50 @@ package grpc
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+	nbversion "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 
 	integrationsConfig "github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations/config"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
 
-	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
 	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
 )
 
-func toNetbirdConfig(config *nbconfig.Config, turnCredentials *Token, relayToken *Token, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) *proto.NetbirdConfig {
+const (
+	// deprecatedRemotePeersVersion is the version of Netbird that introduced the NetworkMap.RemotePeers field, deprecated in favor of RemotePeers.
+	deprecatedRemotePeersVersion = "0.29.3"
+)
+
+// precomputedDeprecatedRemotePeersConstraint is the parsed ">= 0.29.3" constraint,
+// built once at init since the bound is a compile-time constant.
+var precomputedDeprecatedRemotePeersConstraint version.Constraints
+
+func init() {
+	constraint, err := version.NewConstraint(">= " + deprecatedRemotePeersVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic("parse deprecated remote peers version constraint: " + err.Error())
+	}
+	precomputedDeprecatedRemotePeersConstraint = constraint
+}
+
+// toNetbirdConfig converts the server configuration to the wire representation. It returns
+// nil when no server config is set (the fan-out network-map path) because clients treat any
+// non-nil config as authoritative: a config without a relay section is interpreted as relay
+// disabled and wipes the clients' relay URLs.
+func toNetbirdConfig(config *nbconfig.Config, turnCredentials *Token, relayToken *Token, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings, settings *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo) *proto.NetbirdConfig {
 	if config == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -85,10 +109,16 @@ func toNetbirdConfig(config *nbconfig.Config, turnCredentials *Token, relayToken
 		Relay:  relayCfg,
 	}
 
+	if settings != nil {
+		nbConfig.Metrics = &proto.MetricsConfig{
+			Enabled: settings.MetricsPushEnabled,
+		}
+	}
+
 	return nbConfig
 }
 
-func toPeerConfig(peer *nbpeer.Peer, network *types.Network, dnsName string, settings *types.Settings, httpConfig *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, enableSSH bool) *proto.PeerConfig {
+func toPeerConfig(peer *nmdata.Peer, network *nmdata.Network, dnsName string, settings *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo, httpConfig *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, enableSSH bool, forceRoutingPeerDNS bool) *proto.PeerConfig {
 	netmask, _ := network.Net.Mask.Size()
 	fqdn := peer.FQDN(dnsName)
 
@@ -100,51 +130,72 @@ func toPeerConfig(peer *nbpeer.Peer, network *types.Network, dnsName string, set
 		sshConfig.JwtConfig = buildJWTConfig(httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig)
 	}
 
-	return &proto.PeerConfig{
+	peerConfig := &proto.PeerConfig{
 		Address:                         fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", peer.IP.String(), netmask),
 		SshConfig:                       sshConfig,
 		Fqdn:                            fqdn,
-		RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled: settings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled,
+		RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled: settings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled || peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded || forceRoutingPeerDNS,
 		LazyConnectionEnabled:           settings.LazyConnectionEnabled,
 		AutoUpdate: &proto.AutoUpdateSettings{
 			Version:      settings.AutoUpdateVersion,
 			AlwaysUpdate: settings.AutoUpdateAlways,
 		},
 	}
+
+	if peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid() && network.NetV6.IP != nil {
+		ones, _ := network.NetV6.Mask.Size()
+		v6Prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(peer.IPv6.Unmap(), ones)
+		if b, err := netiputil.EncodePrefix(v6Prefix); err == nil {
+			peerConfig.AddressV6 = b
+		}
+	}
+
+	return peerConfig
 }
 
-func ToSyncResponse(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, httpConfig *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, peer *nbpeer.Peer, turnCredentials *Token, relayCredentials *Token, networkMap *types.NetworkMap, dnsName string, checks []*posture.Checks, dnsCache *cache.DNSConfigCache, settings *types.Settings, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings, peerGroups []string, dnsFwdPort int64) *proto.SyncResponse {
+func ToSyncResponse(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, httpConfig *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, peer *nmdata.Peer, turnCredentials *Token, relayCredentials *Token, networkMap *types.NetworkMap, dnsName string, checks []*nmdata.PostureChecks, dnsCache *cache.DNSConfigCache, settings *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings, peerGroups []string, dnsFwdPort int64) *proto.SyncResponse {
+	// IPv6 data in AllowedIPs and SourcePrefixes wildcard expansion depends on
+	// whether the target peer supports IPv6. Routes and firewall rules are already
+	// filtered at the source (network map builder).
+	includeIPv6 := peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid()
+	useSourcePrefixes := peer.SupportsSourcePrefixes()
+	localIsProxy := peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded
+
 	response := &proto.SyncResponse{
-		PeerConfig: toPeerConfig(peer, networkMap.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, networkMap.EnableSSH),
+		PeerConfig: toPeerConfig(peer, networkMap.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, networkMap.EnableSSH, networkMap.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution),
 		NetworkMap: &proto.NetworkMap{
 			Serial:     networkMap.Network.CurrentSerial(),
-			Routes:     toProtocolRoutes(networkMap.Routes),
-			DNSConfig:  toProtocolDNSConfig(networkMap.DNSConfig, dnsCache, dnsFwdPort),
-			PeerConfig: toPeerConfig(peer, networkMap.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, networkMap.EnableSSH),
+			Routes:     networkmap.ToProtocolRoutes(networkMap.Routes),
+			DNSConfig:  networkmap.ToProtocolDNSConfig(networkMap.DNSConfig, dnsCache, dnsFwdPort),
+			PeerConfig: toPeerConfig(peer, networkMap.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig, networkMap.EnableSSH, networkMap.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution),
 		},
 		Checks: toProtocolChecks(ctx, checks),
 	}
 
-	nbConfig := toNetbirdConfig(config, turnCredentials, relayCredentials, extraSettings)
+	nbConfig := toNetbirdConfig(config, turnCredentials, relayCredentials, extraSettings, settings)
 	extendedConfig := integrationsConfig.ExtendNetBirdConfig(peer.ID, peerGroups, nbConfig, extraSettings)
 	response.NetbirdConfig = extendedConfig
 
 	response.NetworkMap.PeerConfig = response.PeerConfig
 
 	remotePeers := make([]*proto.RemotePeerConfig, 0, len(networkMap.Peers)+len(networkMap.OfflinePeers))
-	remotePeers = appendRemotePeerConfig(remotePeers, networkMap.Peers, dnsName)
-	response.RemotePeers = remotePeers
+	remotePeers = networkmap.AppendRemotePeerConfig(remotePeers, networkMap.Peers, dnsName, includeIPv6, localIsProxy)
+
+	if !shouldSkipSendingDeprecatedRemotePeers(peer.Meta.WtVersion) {
+		response.RemotePeers = remotePeers
+	}
+
 	response.NetworkMap.RemotePeers = remotePeers
 	response.RemotePeersIsEmpty = len(remotePeers) == 0
 	response.NetworkMap.RemotePeersIsEmpty = response.RemotePeersIsEmpty
 
-	response.NetworkMap.OfflinePeers = appendRemotePeerConfig(nil, networkMap.OfflinePeers, dnsName)
+	response.NetworkMap.OfflinePeers = networkmap.AppendRemotePeerConfig(nil, networkMap.OfflinePeers, dnsName, includeIPv6, localIsProxy)
 
-	firewallRules := toProtocolFirewallRules(networkMap.FirewallRules)
+	firewallRules := networkmap.ToProtocolFirewallRules(networkMap.FirewallRules, includeIPv6, useSourcePrefixes)
 	response.NetworkMap.FirewallRules = firewallRules
 	response.NetworkMap.FirewallRulesIsEmpty = len(firewallRules) == 0
 
-	routesFirewallRules := toProtocolRoutesFirewallRules(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules)
+	routesFirewallRules := networkmap.ToProtocolRoutesFirewallRules(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules)
 	response.NetworkMap.RoutesFirewallRules = routesFirewallRules
 	response.NetworkMap.RoutesFirewallRulesIsEmpty = len(routesFirewallRules) == 0
 
@@ -157,7 +208,7 @@ func ToSyncResponse(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, httpConfig *nb
 	}
 
 	if networkMap.AuthorizedUsers != nil {
-		hashedUsers, machineUsers := buildAuthorizedUsersProto(ctx, networkMap.AuthorizedUsers)
+		hashedUsers, machineUsers := networkmap.BuildAuthorizedUsersProto(ctx, networkMap.AuthorizedUsers)
 		userIDClaim := auth.DefaultUserIDClaim
 		if httpConfig != nil && httpConfig.AuthUserIDClaim != "" {
 			userIDClaim = httpConfig.AuthUserIDClaim
@@ -165,75 +216,49 @@ func ToSyncResponse(ctx context.Context, config *nbconfig.Config, httpConfig *nb
 		response.NetworkMap.SshAuth = &proto.SSHAuth{AuthorizedUsers: hashedUsers, MachineUsers: machineUsers, UserIDClaim: userIDClaim}
 	}
 
+	// settings == nil → field stays nil → "no info in this snapshot", client
+	// preserves the deadline it already had. settings non-nil → emit either a
+	// valid deadline or the explicit-zero "disabled" sentinel via
+	// encodeSessionExpiresAt.
+	if settings != nil {
+		response.SessionExpiresAt = encodeSessionExpiresAt(
+			peer.SessionExpiresAt(settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled, settings.PeerLoginExpiration),
+		)
+	}
+
 	return response
 }
 
-func buildAuthorizedUsersProto(ctx context.Context, authorizedUsers map[string]map[string]struct{}) ([][]byte, map[string]*proto.MachineUserIndexes) {
-	userIDToIndex := make(map[string]uint32)
-	var hashedUsers [][]byte
-	machineUsers := make(map[string]*proto.MachineUserIndexes, len(authorizedUsers))
-
-	for machineUser, users := range authorizedUsers {
-		indexes := make([]uint32, 0, len(users))
-		for userID := range users {
-			idx, exists := userIDToIndex[userID]
-			if !exists {
-				hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID(userID)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to hash user id %s: %v", userID, err)
-					continue
-				}
-				idx = uint32(len(hashedUsers))
-				userIDToIndex[userID] = idx
-				hashedUsers = append(hashedUsers, hash[:])
-			}
-			indexes = append(indexes, idx)
-		}
-		machineUsers[machineUser] = &proto.MachineUserIndexes{Indexes: indexes}
+// encodeSessionExpiresAt encodes a server-side deadline into the 3-state wire
+// representation used on LoginResponse, SyncResponse and
+// ExtendAuthSessionResponse. See the proto comments on those messages.
+//
+//   - deadline.IsZero() → returns &Timestamp{} (seconds=0, nanos=0): the
+//     "expiry disabled or peer is not SSO-tracked" sentinel; the client clears
+//     its anchor.
+//   - deadline non-zero → returns timestamppb.New(deadline): the new absolute
+//     UTC deadline.
+//
+// Returning nil ("no info, preserve client's anchor") is the caller's job —
+// only meaningful on Sync builds where settings were not resolved.
+func encodeSessionExpiresAt(deadline time.Time) *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if deadline.IsZero() {
+		return &timestamppb.Timestamp{}
 	}
-
-	return hashedUsers, machineUsers
+	return timestamppb.New(deadline)
 }
 
-func appendRemotePeerConfig(dst []*proto.RemotePeerConfig, peers []*nbpeer.Peer, dnsName string) []*proto.RemotePeerConfig {
-	for _, rPeer := range peers {
-		dst = append(dst, &proto.RemotePeerConfig{
-			WgPubKey:     rPeer.Key,
-			AllowedIps:   []string{rPeer.IP.String() + "/32"},
-			SshConfig:    &proto.SSHConfig{SshPubKey: []byte(rPeer.SSHKey)},
-			Fqdn:         rPeer.FQDN(dnsName),
-			AgentVersion: rPeer.Meta.WtVersion,
-		})
-	}
-	return dst
-}
-
-// toProtocolDNSConfig converts nbdns.Config to proto.DNSConfig using the cache
-func toProtocolDNSConfig(update nbdns.Config, cache *cache.DNSConfigCache, forwardPort int64) *proto.DNSConfig {
-	protoUpdate := &proto.DNSConfig{
-		ServiceEnable:    update.ServiceEnable,
-		CustomZones:      make([]*proto.CustomZone, 0, len(update.CustomZones)),
-		NameServerGroups: make([]*proto.NameServerGroup, 0, len(update.NameServerGroups)),
-		ForwarderPort:    forwardPort,
+func shouldSkipSendingDeprecatedRemotePeers(peerVersion string) bool {
+	if nbversion.IsDevelopmentVersion(peerVersion) {
+		return true
 	}
 
-	for _, zone := range update.CustomZones {
-		protoZone := convertToProtoCustomZone(zone)
-		protoUpdate.CustomZones = append(protoUpdate.CustomZones, protoZone)
+	peerNBVersion, err := version.NewVersion(peerVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
 	}
 
-	for _, nsGroup := range update.NameServerGroups {
-		cacheKey := nsGroup.ID
-		if cachedGroup, exists := cache.GetNameServerGroup(cacheKey); exists {
-			protoUpdate.NameServerGroups = append(protoUpdate.NameServerGroups, cachedGroup)
-		} else {
-			protoGroup := convertToProtoNameServerGroup(nsGroup)
-			cache.SetNameServerGroup(cacheKey, protoGroup)
-			protoUpdate.NameServerGroups = append(protoUpdate.NameServerGroups, protoGroup)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return protoUpdate
+	return precomputedDeprecatedRemotePeersConstraint.Check(peerNBVersion)
 }
 
 func ToResponseProto(configProto nbconfig.Protocol) proto.HostConfig_Protocol {
@@ -253,163 +278,6 @@ func ToResponseProto(configProto nbconfig.Protocol) proto.HostConfig_Protocol {
 	}
 }
 
-func toProtocolRoutes(routes []*route.Route) []*proto.Route {
-	protoRoutes := make([]*proto.Route, 0, len(routes))
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		protoRoutes = append(protoRoutes, toProtocolRoute(r))
-	}
-	return protoRoutes
-}
-
-func toProtocolRoute(route *route.Route) *proto.Route {
-	return &proto.Route{
-		ID:            string(route.ID),
-		NetID:         string(route.NetID),
-		Network:       route.Network.String(),
-		Domains:       route.Domains.ToPunycodeList(),
-		NetworkType:   int64(route.NetworkType),
-		Peer:          route.Peer,
-		Metric:        int64(route.Metric),
-		Masquerade:    route.Masquerade,
-		KeepRoute:     route.KeepRoute,
-		SkipAutoApply: route.SkipAutoApply,
-	}
-}
-
-// toProtocolFirewallRules converts the firewall rules to the protocol firewall rules.
-func toProtocolFirewallRules(rules []*types.FirewallRule) []*proto.FirewallRule {
-	result := make([]*proto.FirewallRule, len(rules))
-	for i := range rules {
-		rule := rules[i]
-
-		fwRule := &proto.FirewallRule{
-			PolicyID:  []byte(rule.PolicyID),
-			PeerIP:    rule.PeerIP,
-			Direction: getProtoDirection(rule.Direction),
-			Action:    getProtoAction(rule.Action),
-			Protocol:  getProtoProtocol(rule.Protocol),
-			Port:      rule.Port,
-		}
-
-		if shouldUsePortRange(fwRule) {
-			fwRule.PortInfo = rule.PortRange.ToProto()
-		}
-
-		result[i] = fwRule
-	}
-	return result
-}
-
-// getProtoDirection converts the direction to proto.RuleDirection.
-func getProtoDirection(direction int) proto.RuleDirection {
-	if direction == types.FirewallRuleDirectionOUT {
-		return proto.RuleDirection_OUT
-	}
-	return proto.RuleDirection_IN
-}
-
-func toProtocolRoutesFirewallRules(rules []*types.RouteFirewallRule) []*proto.RouteFirewallRule {
-	result := make([]*proto.RouteFirewallRule, len(rules))
-	for i := range rules {
-		rule := rules[i]
-		result[i] = &proto.RouteFirewallRule{
-			SourceRanges: rule.SourceRanges,
-			Action:       getProtoAction(rule.Action),
-			Destination:  rule.Destination,
-			Protocol:     getProtoProtocol(rule.Protocol),
-			PortInfo:     getProtoPortInfo(rule),
-			IsDynamic:    rule.IsDynamic,
-			Domains:      rule.Domains.ToPunycodeList(),
-			PolicyID:     []byte(rule.PolicyID),
-			RouteID:      string(rule.RouteID),
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
-
-// getProtoAction converts the action to proto.RuleAction.
-func getProtoAction(action string) proto.RuleAction {
-	if action == string(types.PolicyTrafficActionDrop) {
-		return proto.RuleAction_DROP
-	}
-	return proto.RuleAction_ACCEPT
-}
-
-// getProtoProtocol converts the protocol to proto.RuleProtocol.
-func getProtoProtocol(protocol string) proto.RuleProtocol {
-	switch types.PolicyRuleProtocolType(protocol) {
-	case types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL:
-		return proto.RuleProtocol_ALL
-	case types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP:
-		return proto.RuleProtocol_TCP
-	case types.PolicyRuleProtocolUDP:
-		return proto.RuleProtocol_UDP
-	case types.PolicyRuleProtocolICMP:
-		return proto.RuleProtocol_ICMP
-	default:
-		return proto.RuleProtocol_UNKNOWN
-	}
-}
-
-// getProtoPortInfo converts the port info to proto.PortInfo.
-func getProtoPortInfo(rule *types.RouteFirewallRule) *proto.PortInfo {
-	var portInfo proto.PortInfo
-	if rule.Port != 0 {
-		portInfo.PortSelection = &proto.PortInfo_Port{Port: uint32(rule.Port)}
-	} else if portRange := rule.PortRange; portRange.Start != 0 && portRange.End != 0 {
-		portInfo.PortSelection = &proto.PortInfo_Range_{
-			Range: &proto.PortInfo_Range{
-				Start: uint32(portRange.Start),
-				End:   uint32(portRange.End),
-			},
-		}
-	}
-	return &portInfo
-}
-
-func shouldUsePortRange(rule *proto.FirewallRule) bool {
-	return rule.Port == "" && (rule.Protocol == proto.RuleProtocol_UDP || rule.Protocol == proto.RuleProtocol_TCP)
-}
-
-// Helper function to convert nbdns.CustomZone to proto.CustomZone
-func convertToProtoCustomZone(zone nbdns.CustomZone) *proto.CustomZone {
-	protoZone := &proto.CustomZone{
-		Domain:               zone.Domain,
-		Records:              make([]*proto.SimpleRecord, 0, len(zone.Records)),
-		SearchDomainDisabled: zone.SearchDomainDisabled,
-		NonAuthoritative:     zone.NonAuthoritative,
-	}
-	for _, record := range zone.Records {
-		protoZone.Records = append(protoZone.Records, &proto.SimpleRecord{
-			Name:  record.Name,
-			Type:  int64(record.Type),
-			Class: record.Class,
-			TTL:   int64(record.TTL),
-			RData: record.RData,
-		})
-	}
-	return protoZone
-}
-
-// Helper function to convert nbdns.NameServerGroup to proto.NameServerGroup
-func convertToProtoNameServerGroup(nsGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup) *proto.NameServerGroup {
-	protoGroup := &proto.NameServerGroup{
-		Primary:              nsGroup.Primary,
-		Domains:              nsGroup.Domains,
-		SearchDomainsEnabled: nsGroup.SearchDomainsEnabled,
-		NameServers:          make([]*proto.NameServer, 0, len(nsGroup.NameServers)),
-	}
-	for _, ns := range nsGroup.NameServers {
-		protoGroup.NameServers = append(protoGroup.NameServers, &proto.NameServer{
-			IP:     ns.IP.String(),
-			Port:   int64(ns.Port),
-			NSType: int64(ns.NSType),
-		})
-	}
-	return protoGroup
-}
-
 // buildJWTConfig constructs JWT configuration for SSH servers from management server config
 func buildJWTConfig(config *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow) *proto.JWTConfig {
 	if config == nil || config.AuthAudience == "" {
@@ -443,7 +311,7 @@ func buildJWTConfig(config *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfi
 
 	return &proto.JWTConfig{
 		Issuer:       issuer,
-		Audience:     audience,
+		Audience:     audience, //nolint:staticcheck
 		Audiences:    audiences,
 		KeysLocation: keysLocation,
 	}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go
index 1e75caf95..559699d8c 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/conversion_test.go
@@ -2,16 +2,22 @@ package grpc
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
 	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
 )
 
 func TestToProtocolDNSConfigWithCache(t *testing.T) {
@@ -61,13 +67,13 @@ func TestToProtocolDNSConfigWithCache(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// First run with config1
-	result1 := toProtocolDNSConfig(config1, &cache, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
+	result1 := networkmap.ToProtocolDNSConfig(config1, &cache, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
 
 	// Second run with config2
-	result2 := toProtocolDNSConfig(config2, &cache, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
+	result2 := networkmap.ToProtocolDNSConfig(config2, &cache, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
 
 	// Third run with config1 again
-	result3 := toProtocolDNSConfig(config1, &cache, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
+	result3 := networkmap.ToProtocolDNSConfig(config1, &cache, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
 
 	// Verify that result1 and result3 are identical
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(result1, result3) {
@@ -99,15 +105,14 @@ func BenchmarkToProtocolDNSConfig(b *testing.B) {
 
 			b.ResetTimer()
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				toProtocolDNSConfig(testData, cache, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
+				networkmap.ToProtocolDNSConfig(testData, cache, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
 			}
 		})
 
 		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("WithoutCache-Size%d", size), func(b *testing.B) {
 			b.ResetTimer()
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				cache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
-				toProtocolDNSConfig(testData, cache, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
+				networkmap.ToProtocolDNSConfig(testData, nil, int64(network_map.DnsForwarderPort))
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -200,3 +205,133 @@ func TestBuildJWTConfig_Audiences(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// TestShouldSkipSendingDeprecatedRemotePeers covers the version gate that
+// stops populating the deprecated top-level SyncResponse.RemotePeers field for
+// peers new enough to read RemotePeers off the NetworkMap. Development builds
+// are treated as latest and skip the field. The gate otherwise fails safe: a
+// release version older than the boundary, or one that can't be parsed (empty,
+// garbage, prereleases of the boundary) still receives the deprecated field so
+// older/unknown clients keep working.
+func TestShouldSkipSendingDeprecatedRemotePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		peerVersion string
+		wantSkip    bool
+	}{
+		{"exact boundary skips", "0.29.3", true},
+		{"newer patch skips", "0.29.4", true},
+		{"newer minor skips", "0.30.0", true},
+		{"newer major skips", "1.0.0", true},
+		{"v-prefixed newer skips", "v0.30.0", true},
+		{"development build skips", "development", true},
+		{"development build with commit skips", "development-abc123def456-dirty", true},
+		{"older patch keeps field", "0.29.2", false},
+		{"older minor keeps field", "0.28.0", false},
+		{"prerelease of boundary keeps field", "0.29.3-SNAPSHOT", false},
+		{"tagged dev prerelease keeps field", "v0.31.1-dev", false},
+		{"empty version keeps field", "", false},
+		{"garbage version keeps field", "not-a-version", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := shouldSkipSendingDeprecatedRemotePeers(tc.peerVersion)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantSkip, got, "skip decision for peer version %q", tc.peerVersion)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEncodeSessionExpiresAt pins the wire encoding the client's
+// applySessionDeadline depends on:
+//
+//   - zero deadline  → &Timestamp{} (seconds=0, nanos=0): the explicit
+//     "expiry disabled or peer is not SSO-tracked" sentinel.
+//   - non-zero       → timestamppb.New(deadline): the absolute UTC deadline.
+//
+// The third state (nil pointer = "no info in this snapshot") is the caller's
+// responsibility on the Sync path when settings could not be resolved; the
+// helper itself never returns nil.
+func TestEncodeSessionExpiresAt(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("zero deadline encodes as explicit-zero sentinel", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := encodeSessionExpiresAt(time.Time{})
+		assert.NotNil(t, got, "must not return nil; nil means 'no info', not 'disabled'")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), got.GetSeconds())
+		assert.Equal(t, int32(0), got.GetNanos())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-zero deadline round-trips", func(t *testing.T) {
+		deadline := time.Date(2030, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0, time.UTC)
+		got := encodeSessionExpiresAt(deadline)
+		assert.NotNil(t, got)
+		assert.True(t, got.AsTime().Equal(deadline))
+	})
+}
+
+// TestToNetbirdConfig_RelayInvariant guards against the v0.74.0 relay-wipe regression.
+// Clients treat any non-nil NetbirdConfig as authoritative and interpret a missing relay
+// section as relay disabled, wiping their relay URLs. toNetbirdConfig must therefore
+// return nil when no server config is set (the fan-out network-map path) instead of a
+// partial config, and a result built from a relay-enabled config must carry the relay
+// section.
+func TestToNetbirdConfig_RelayInvariant(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &types.Settings{MetricsPushEnabled: true}
+
+	t.Run("nil server config returns nil config", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nbCfg := toNetbirdConfig(nil, nil, nil, nil, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings))
+		assert.Nil(t, nbCfg, "fan-out updates must not carry a partial NetbirdConfig even when settings are present")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("relay-enabled config carries relay section", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := &nbconfig.Config{
+			Stuns: []*nbconfig.Host{{Proto: nbconfig.UDP, URI: "stun:stun.example.com:3478"}},
+			TURNConfig: &nbconfig.TURNConfig{
+				Turns: []*nbconfig.Host{{Proto: nbconfig.UDP, URI: "turn:turn.example.com:3478", Username: "user", Password: "pass"}},
+			},
+			Relay:  &nbconfig.Relay{Addresses: []string{"rels://relay.example.com:443"}},
+			Signal: &nbconfig.Host{Proto: nbconfig.HTTP, URI: "signal.example.com:10000"},
+		}
+		relayToken := &Token{Payload: "token-payload", Signature: "token-signature"}
+
+		nbCfg := toNetbirdConfig(cfg, nil, relayToken, nil, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings))
+		require.NotNil(t, nbCfg)
+		require.NotNil(t, nbCfg.Relay, "non-nil NetbirdConfig must include the relay section")
+		assert.Equal(t, cfg.Relay.Addresses, nbCfg.Relay.Urls, "relay URLs should match the server config")
+		assert.Equal(t, relayToken.Payload, nbCfg.Relay.TokenPayload, "relay token payload should be set")
+		assert.Equal(t, relayToken.Signature, nbCfg.Relay.TokenSignature, "relay token signature should be set")
+		require.NotNil(t, nbCfg.Metrics)
+		assert.True(t, nbCfg.Metrics.Enabled, "metrics flag should carry the settings value")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestToPeerConfig_RoutingPeerDNSResolution(t *testing.T) {
+	network := &types.Network{Net: net.IPNet{IP: net.IPv4(100, 0, 0, 0), Mask: net.CIDRMask(8, 32)}}
+
+	newPeer := func(embedded bool) *nbpeer.Peer {
+		p := &nbpeer.Peer{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.0.0.1")}
+		p.ProxyMeta.Embedded = embedded
+		return p
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		globalFlag  bool
+		embedded    bool
+		forceParam  bool
+		wantEnabled bool
+	}{
+		{name: "global off, regular peer, no force", wantEnabled: false},
+		{name: "global on wins", globalFlag: true, wantEnabled: true},
+		{name: "embedded proxy peer forced", embedded: true, wantEnabled: true},
+		{name: "routing peer forced via param", forceParam: true, wantEnabled: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			settings := &types.Settings{RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled: tt.globalFlag}
+			cfg := toPeerConfig(types.TwinPeer(newPeer(tt.embedded)), types.TwinNetwork(network), "netbird.selfhosted", types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), nil, nil, false, tt.forceParam)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.wantEnabled, cfg.RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled,
+				"RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled should reflect global || embedded || forced")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/loginfilter.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/loginfilter.go
index 59f69dd90..cc69b7d6e 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/loginfilter.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/loginfilter.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const (
 	reconnThreshold   = 5 * time.Minute
 	baseBlockDuration = 10 * time.Minute // Duration for which a peer is banned after exceeding the reconnection limit
 	reconnLimitForBan = 30               // Number of reconnections within the reconnTreshold that triggers a ban
-	metaChangeLimit   = 3                // Number of reconnections with different metadata that triggers a ban of one peer
+	metaChangeLimit   = 5                // Number of reconnections with different metadata that triggers a ban of one peer
 )
 
 type lfConfig struct {
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func (l *loginFilter) addLogin(wgPubKey string, metaHash uint64) {
 	state.lastSeen = now
 }
 
-func metaHash(meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, pubip string) uint64 {
+func metaHash(meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta) uint64 {
 	h := fnv.New64a()
 
 	h.Write([]byte(meta.WtVersion))
@@ -147,14 +147,6 @@ func metaHash(meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, pubip string) uint64 {
 	h.Write([]byte(meta.KernelVersion))
 	h.Write([]byte(meta.Hostname))
 	h.Write([]byte(meta.SystemSerialNumber))
-	h.Write([]byte(pubip))
 
-	macs := uint64(0)
-	for _, na := range meta.NetworkAddresses {
-		for _, r := range na.Mac {
-			macs += uint64(r)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return h.Sum64() + macs
+	return h.Sum64()
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/loginfilter_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/loginfilter_test.go
index 797879ae7..d9df26420 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/loginfilter_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/loginfilter_test.go
@@ -164,9 +164,7 @@ func BenchmarkHashingMethods(b *testing.B) {
 		KernelVersion:      "5.15.0-76-generic",
 		Hostname:           "prod-server-database-01",
 		SystemSerialNumber: "PC-1234567890",
-		NetworkAddresses:   []nbpeer.NetworkAddress{{Mac: "00:1B:44:11:3A:B7"}, {Mac: "00:1B:44:11:3A:B8"}},
 	}
-	pubip := "8.8.8.8"
 
 	var resultString string
 	var resultUint uint64
@@ -175,7 +173,7 @@ func BenchmarkHashingMethods(b *testing.B) {
 		b.ReportAllocs()
 		b.ResetTimer()
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			resultString = builderString(meta, pubip)
+			resultString = builderString(meta)
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -183,7 +181,7 @@ func BenchmarkHashingMethods(b *testing.B) {
 		b.ReportAllocs()
 		b.ResetTimer()
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			resultString = fnvHashToString(meta, pubip)
+			resultString = fnvHashToString(meta)
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -191,7 +189,7 @@ func BenchmarkHashingMethods(b *testing.B) {
 		b.ReportAllocs()
 		b.ResetTimer()
 		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			resultUint = metaHash(meta, pubip)
+			resultUint = metaHash(meta)
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -199,29 +197,20 @@ func BenchmarkHashingMethods(b *testing.B) {
 	_ = resultUint
 }
 
-func fnvHashToString(meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, pubip string) string {
+func fnvHashToString(meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta) string {
 	h := fnv.New64a()
 
-	if len(meta.NetworkAddresses) != 0 {
-		for _, na := range meta.NetworkAddresses {
-			h.Write([]byte(na.Mac))
-		}
-	}
-
 	h.Write([]byte(meta.WtVersion))
 	h.Write([]byte(meta.OSVersion))
 	h.Write([]byte(meta.KernelVersion))
 	h.Write([]byte(meta.Hostname))
 	h.Write([]byte(meta.SystemSerialNumber))
-	h.Write([]byte(pubip))
 
 	return strconv.FormatUint(h.Sum64(), 16)
 }
 
-func builderString(meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, pubip string) string {
-	mac := getMacAddress(meta.NetworkAddresses)
-	estimatedSize := len(meta.WtVersion) + len(meta.OSVersion) + len(meta.KernelVersion) + len(meta.Hostname) + len(meta.SystemSerialNumber) +
-		len(pubip) + len(mac) + 6
+func builderString(meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta) string {
+	estimatedSize := len(meta.WtVersion) + len(meta.OSVersion) + len(meta.KernelVersion) + len(meta.Hostname) + len(meta.SystemSerialNumber) + 4
 
 	var b strings.Builder
 	b.Grow(estimatedSize)
@@ -235,23 +224,10 @@ func builderString(meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, pubip string) string {
 	b.WriteString(meta.Hostname)
 	b.WriteByte('|')
 	b.WriteString(meta.SystemSerialNumber)
-	b.WriteByte('|')
-	b.WriteString(pubip)
 
 	return b.String()
 }
 
-func getMacAddress(nas []nbpeer.NetworkAddress) string {
-	if len(nas) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	macs := make([]string, 0, len(nas))
-	for _, na := range nas {
-		macs = append(macs, na.Mac)
-	}
-	return strings.Join(macs, "/")
-}
-
 func BenchmarkLoginFilter_ParallelLoad(b *testing.B) {
 	filter := newLoginFilterWithCfg(testAdvancedCfg())
 	numKeys := 100000
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/pkce_verifier.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/pkce_verifier.go
index a1325256c..18155dc1d 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/pkce_verifier.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/pkce_verifier.go
@@ -5,22 +5,23 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/cache"
 	"github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
 )
 
 // PKCEVerifierStore manages PKCE verifiers for OAuth flows.
 // Supports both in-memory and Redis storage via NB_IDP_CACHE_REDIS_ADDRESS env var.
 type PKCEVerifierStore struct {
-	cache *cache.Cache[string]
+	cache nbcache.Store
 	ctx   context.Context
 }
 
 // NewPKCEVerifierStore creates a PKCE verifier store using the provided shared cache store.
-func NewPKCEVerifierStore(ctx context.Context, cacheStore store.StoreInterface) *PKCEVerifierStore {
+func NewPKCEVerifierStore(ctx context.Context, cacheStore nbcache.Store) *PKCEVerifierStore {
 	return &PKCEVerifierStore{
-		cache: cache.New[string](cacheStore),
+		cache: cacheStore,
 		ctx:   ctx,
 	}
 }
@@ -40,14 +41,14 @@ func (s *PKCEVerifierStore) Store(state, verifier string, ttl time.Duration) err
 // Returns the verifier and true if found, or empty string and false if not found.
 // This enforces single-use semantics for PKCE verifiers.
 func (s *PKCEVerifierStore) LoadAndDelete(state string) (string, bool) {
-	verifier, err := s.cache.Get(s.ctx, state)
+	verifier, found, err := s.cache.GetDel(s.ctx, state)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("PKCE verifier not found for state")
+		log.Warnf("Failed to consume PKCE verifier: %v", err)
 		return "", false
 	}
-
-	if err := s.cache.Delete(s.ctx, state); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("Failed to delete PKCE verifier for state: %v", err)
+	if !found {
+		log.Debug("PKCE verifier not found for state")
+		return "", false
 	}
 
 	return verifier, true
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/pkce_verifier_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/pkce_verifier_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7175b6c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/pkce_verifier_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestPKCEVerifierStoreLoadAndDelete(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		state    = "state"
+		verifier = "verifier"
+		attempts = 64
+	)
+
+	t.Run("exactly one concurrent caller consumes the verifier", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := NewPKCEVerifierStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
+		if err := store.Store(state, verifier, time.Minute); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("couldn't store PKCE verifier: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		start := make(chan struct{})
+		type result struct {
+			verifier string
+			found    bool
+		}
+		results := make(chan result, attempts)
+		for range attempts {
+			go func() {
+				<-start
+				verifier, found := store.LoadAndDelete(state)
+				results <- result{verifier: verifier, found: found}
+			}()
+		}
+		close(start)
+
+		winners := 0
+		for range attempts {
+			result := <-results
+			if result.found {
+				winners++
+				if result.verifier != verifier {
+					t.Fatalf("unexpected verifier: got %q, expected %q", result.verifier, verifier)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if winners != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected exactly one PKCE verifier consumer, got %d", winners)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("replayed state is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := NewPKCEVerifierStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
+		if err := store.Store(state, verifier, time.Minute); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("couldn't store PKCE verifier: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		if got, found := store.LoadAndDelete(state); !found || got != verifier {
+			t.Fatalf("first load should return the verifier, got %q, found %t", got, found)
+		}
+		if got, found := store.LoadAndDelete(state); found {
+			t.Fatalf("replayed state should not resolve, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown state is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := NewPKCEVerifierStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
+
+		if got, found := store.LoadAndDelete("never-stored"); found {
+			t.Fatalf("unknown state should not resolve, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("expired verifier is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := NewPKCEVerifierStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t))
+		if err := store.Store(state, verifier, 50*time.Millisecond); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("couldn't store PKCE verifier: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		if got, found := store.LoadAndDelete(state); found {
+			t.Fatalf("expired verifier should not resolve, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go
index a5e352e75..2fc969ad0 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy.go
@@ -9,13 +9,19 @@ import (
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3/oidc"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
@@ -23,11 +29,15 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/users"
 	proxyauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/auth"
@@ -47,7 +57,40 @@ type ProxyOIDCConfig struct {
 	KeysLocation string
 }
 
+// ProxyTokenChecker checks whether a proxy access token is still valid.
+type ProxyTokenChecker interface {
+	IsProxyAccessTokenValid(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) (bool, error)
+}
+
+// ProxyConnectAuthorizer authorizes a proxy's claim to the cluster address it
+// declares at connect time. Implementations are supplied by integrations; none
+// is installed by default, so every well-formed claim is authorized — the
+// declared address is otherwise only checked for availability. token is nil
+// when the connection carries no proxy access token. A returned status error
+// is sent to the proxy unchanged; any other error is wrapped as
+// PermissionDenied.
+type ProxyConnectAuthorizer interface {
+	AuthorizeProxyConnect(ctx context.Context, token *types.ProxyAccessToken, proxyID, address string) error
+}
+
 // ProxyServiceServer implements the ProxyService gRPC server
+// AgentNetworkSynthesizer produces in-memory reverse-proxy services from
+// Agent Network provider/policy state for the proxy snapshot path; synthesised
+// services never appear in the reverseproxy_services table.
+type AgentNetworkSynthesizer interface {
+	SynthesizeServicesForCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error)
+	SynthesizeServicesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error)
+	SynthesizeServiceForDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*rpservice.Service, error)
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkLimitsService is the minimal slice of agentnetwork.Manager the
+// gRPC layer needs for CheckLLMPolicyLimits + RecordLLMUsage — kept narrow so
+// the grpc package doesn't take a hard import on the full manager.
+type AgentNetworkLimitsService interface {
+	SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx context.Context, in agentnetwork.PolicySelectionInput) (*agentnetwork.PolicySelectionResult, error)
+	RecordUsage(ctx context.Context, in agentnetwork.RecordUsageInput) error
+}
+
 type ProxyServiceServer struct {
 	proto.UnimplementedProxyServiceServer
 
@@ -60,6 +103,17 @@ type ProxyServiceServer struct {
 	mu sync.RWMutex
 	// Manager for reverse proxy operations
 	serviceManager rpservice.Manager
+	// agentNetworkSynth produces synthesised reverse-proxy services from
+	// Agent Network state. Optional — when nil the snapshot path only ships
+	// persisted services.
+	agentNetworkSynth AgentNetworkSynthesizer
+	// agentNetworkLimits handles the pre-flight selection (CheckLLMPolicyLimits)
+	// and the post-flight consumption write (RecordLLMUsage). Optional — when
+	// nil both RPCs return Unimplemented.
+	agentNetworkLimits AgentNetworkLimitsService
+	// connectAuthorizer authorizes address claims at proxy connect time.
+	// Optional — when nil every well-formed claim is authorized.
+	connectAuthorizer ProxyConnectAuthorizer
 	// ProxyController for service updates and cluster management
 	proxyController proxy.Controller
 
@@ -72,33 +126,88 @@ type ProxyServiceServer struct {
 	// Manager for users
 	usersManager users.Manager
 
+	// Manager for IdP-enriched user data (may be nil when no IdP is configured)
+	idpManager idp.Manager
+
+	// Manager that records reverse proxy usage for activity accounting
+	activityManager activity.Manager
+
 	// Store for one-time authentication tokens
 	tokenStore *OneTimeTokenStore
 
+	// Checker for proxy access token validity
+	tokenChecker ProxyTokenChecker
+
 	// OIDC configuration for proxy authentication
 	oidcConfig ProxyOIDCConfig
 
 	// Store for PKCE verifiers
 	pkceVerifierStore *PKCEVerifierStore
 
+	// tokenTTL is the lifetime of one-time tokens generated for proxy
+	// authentication. Defaults to defaultProxyTokenTTL when zero.
+	tokenTTL time.Duration
+
+	// snapshotBatchSize is the number of mappings per gRPC message during
+	// initial snapshot delivery. Configurable via NB_PROXY_SNAPSHOT_BATCH_SIZE.
+	snapshotBatchSize int
+
 	cancel context.CancelFunc
 }
 
 const pkceVerifierTTL = 10 * time.Minute
 
+const defaultProxyTokenTTL = 5 * time.Minute
+
+const defaultSnapshotBatchSize = 500
+
+func snapshotBatchSizeFromEnv() int {
+	if v := os.Getenv("NB_PROXY_SNAPSHOT_BATCH_SIZE"); v != "" {
+		if n, err := strconv.Atoi(v); err == nil && n > 0 {
+			return n
+		}
+	}
+	return defaultSnapshotBatchSize
+}
+
+// proxyTokenTTL returns the configured token TTL or the default when unset.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) proxyTokenTTL() time.Duration {
+	if s.tokenTTL > 0 {
+		return s.tokenTTL
+	}
+	return defaultProxyTokenTTL
+}
+
 // proxyConnection represents a connected proxy
 type proxyConnection struct {
 	proxyID      string
+	sessionID    string
 	address      string
+	accountID    *string
+	tokenID      string
 	capabilities *proto.ProxyCapabilities
 	stream       proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer
-	sendChan     chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse
-	ctx          context.Context
-	cancel       context.CancelFunc
+	// syncStream is set when the proxy connected via SyncMappings.
+	// When non-nil, the sender goroutine uses this instead of stream.
+	syncStream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer
+	sendChan   chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse
+	ctx        context.Context
+	cancel     context.CancelFunc
+}
+
+func enforceAccountScope(ctx context.Context, requestAccountID string) error {
+	token := GetProxyTokenFromContext(ctx)
+	if token == nil || token.AccountID == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if requestAccountID == "" || *token.AccountID != requestAccountID {
+		return status.Errorf(codes.PermissionDenied, "account-scoped token cannot access account %s", requestAccountID)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // NewProxyServiceServer creates a new proxy service server.
-func NewProxyServiceServer(accessLogMgr accesslogs.Manager, tokenStore *OneTimeTokenStore, pkceStore *PKCEVerifierStore, oidcConfig ProxyOIDCConfig, peersManager peers.Manager, usersManager users.Manager, proxyMgr proxy.Manager) *ProxyServiceServer {
+func NewProxyServiceServer(accessLogMgr accesslogs.Manager, tokenStore *OneTimeTokenStore, pkceStore *PKCEVerifierStore, oidcConfig ProxyOIDCConfig, peersManager peers.Manager, usersManager users.Manager, idpManager idp.Manager, proxyMgr proxy.Manager, tokenChecker ProxyTokenChecker) *ProxyServiceServer {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	s := &ProxyServiceServer{
 		accessLogManager:  accessLogMgr,
@@ -107,7 +216,10 @@ func NewProxyServiceServer(accessLogMgr accesslogs.Manager, tokenStore *OneTimeT
 		pkceVerifierStore: pkceStore,
 		peersManager:      peersManager,
 		usersManager:      usersManager,
+		idpManager:        idpManager,
 		proxyManager:      proxyMgr,
+		tokenChecker:      tokenChecker,
+		snapshotBatchSize: snapshotBatchSizeFromEnv(),
 		cancel:            cancel,
 	}
 	go s.cleanupStaleProxies(ctx)
@@ -142,6 +254,152 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SetServiceManager(manager rpservice.Manager) {
 	s.serviceManager = manager
 }
 
+// SetActivityManager wires the manager that records reverse proxy usage.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SetActivityManager(manager activity.Manager) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.activityManager = manager
+}
+
+// SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer wires the agent-network service synthesiser.
+// Optional — when nil the snapshot path skips agent-network synthesis. The
+// modules layer injects this after both the proxy server and the agent-network
+// manager are constructed.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer(synth AgentNetworkSynthesizer) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.agentNetworkSynth = synth
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// SetAgentNetworkLimitsService wires the policy-selection + post-flight
+// consumption sink. Pass nil to disable; both RPCs return Unimplemented while
+// unset so partial wiring surfaces during integration.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SetAgentNetworkLimitsService(svc AgentNetworkLimitsService) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.agentNetworkLimits = svc
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// agentNetworkSynthesizer returns the synthesiser under read lock.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) agentNetworkSynthesizer() AgentNetworkSynthesizer {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.agentNetworkSynth
+}
+
+// SetProxyConnectAuthorizer wires the connect-time address-claim authorizer.
+// Optional — when nil (the default) every well-formed claim is authorized,
+// which is the behavior without the hook. The modules layer injects this
+// after the proxy server is constructed, like the other setters.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SetProxyConnectAuthorizer(authorizer ProxyConnectAuthorizer) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.connectAuthorizer = authorizer
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// proxyConnectAuthorizer returns the connect authorizer under read lock.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) proxyConnectAuthorizer() ProxyConnectAuthorizer {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+	return s.connectAuthorizer
+}
+
+// CheckLLMPolicyLimits is the pre-flight policy gate the proxy calls before
+// forwarding an LLM request upstream. Delegates to the agent-network selector,
+// which scores applicable policies by remaining headroom and returns the
+// policy that pays for this request (or a deny when all are exhausted).
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) CheckLLMPolicyLimits(ctx context.Context, req *proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) (*proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse, error) {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	svc := s.agentNetworkLimits
+	s.mu.RUnlock()
+	if svc == nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "agent-network limits service not configured on management")
+	}
+	if req.GetAccountId() == "" {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "account_id is required")
+	}
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, req.GetAccountId()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	res, err := svc.SelectPolicyForRequest(ctx, agentnetwork.PolicySelectionInput{
+		AccountID:  req.GetAccountId(),
+		UserID:     req.GetUserId(),
+		GroupIDs:   req.GetGroupIds(),
+		ProviderID: req.GetProviderId(),
+		Model:      req.GetModel(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("select policy for request: %v", err)
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, "select policy failed")
+	}
+
+	if !res.Allow {
+		return &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse{
+			Decision:           "deny",
+			SelectedPolicyId:   res.SelectedPolicyID,
+			AttributionGroupId: res.AttributionGroupID,
+			WindowSeconds:      res.WindowSeconds,
+			DenyCode:           res.DenyCode,
+			DenyReason:         res.DenyReason,
+		}, nil
+	}
+	return &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse{
+		Decision:           "allow",
+		SelectedPolicyId:   res.SelectedPolicyID,
+		AttributionGroupId: res.AttributionGroupID,
+		WindowSeconds:      res.WindowSeconds,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// RecordLLMUsage increments the per-(dimension, window) consumption counter for
+// the user and optional attribution group after a served request. Returns
+// Unimplemented when the agent-network limits service hasn't been wired.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) RecordLLMUsage(ctx context.Context, req *proto.RecordLLMUsageRequest) (*proto.RecordLLMUsageResponse, error) {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	svc := s.agentNetworkLimits
+	s.mu.RUnlock()
+	if svc == nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "agent-network limits service not configured on management")
+	}
+
+	accountID := req.GetAccountId()
+	if accountID == "" {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "account_id is required")
+	}
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	tokensIn := req.GetTokensInput()
+	tokensOut := req.GetTokensOutput()
+	costUSD := req.GetCostUsd()
+
+	// Reject impossible counters at the boundary instead of recording them:
+	// a negative window, negative tokens, or a negative / non-finite cost
+	// would otherwise decrement or poison the persisted consumption totals.
+	if req.GetWindowSeconds() < 0 || tokensIn < 0 || tokensOut < 0 || costUSD < 0 || math.IsNaN(costUSD) || math.IsInf(costUSD, 0) {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "usage counters must be non-negative and finite")
+	}
+
+	// Book the policy-window dimensions (when a policy cap bound this request)
+	// and every applicable account budget rule's window in a single batched
+	// transaction.
+	if err := svc.RecordUsage(ctx, agentnetwork.RecordUsageInput{
+		AccountID:          accountID,
+		UserID:             req.GetUserId(),
+		AttributionGroupID: req.GetGroupId(),
+		GroupIDs:           req.GetGroupIds(),
+		WindowSeconds:      req.GetWindowSeconds(),
+		TokensIn:           tokensIn,
+		TokensOut:          tokensOut,
+		CostUSD:            costUSD,
+	}); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("record usage: %v", err)
+		return nil, status.Error(codes.Internal, "record usage failed")
+	}
+	return &proto.RecordLLMUsageResponse{}, nil
+}
+
 // SetProxyController sets the proxy controller. Must be called before serving.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SetProxyController(proxyController proxy.Controller) {
 	s.mu.Lock()
@@ -149,167 +407,463 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SetProxyController(proxyController proxy.Controller
 	s.proxyController = proxyController
 }
 
+// proxyConnectParams holds the validated parameters extracted from either
+// a GetMappingUpdateRequest or a SyncMappingsInit message.
+type proxyConnectParams struct {
+	proxyID      string
+	address      string
+	capabilities *proto.ProxyCapabilities
+}
+
 // GetMappingUpdate handles the control stream with proxy clients
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GetMappingUpdate(req *proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest, stream proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer) error {
-	ctx := stream.Context()
+	params, err := s.validateProxyConnect(req.GetProxyId(), req.GetAddress(), stream.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	params.capabilities = req.GetCapabilities()
 
-	peerInfo := PeerIPFromContext(ctx)
-	log.Infof("New proxy connection from %s", peerInfo)
-
-	proxyID := req.GetProxyId()
-	if proxyID == "" {
-		return status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "proxy_id is required")
+	conn, proxyRecord, err := s.registerProxyConnection(stream.Context(), params, &proxyConnection{
+		stream: stream,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	proxyAddress := req.GetAddress()
-	if !isProxyAddressValid(proxyAddress) {
-		return status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "proxy address is invalid")
-	}
-
-	connCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	conn := &proxyConnection{
-		proxyID:      proxyID,
-		address:      proxyAddress,
-		capabilities: req.GetCapabilities(),
-		stream:       stream,
-		sendChan:     make(chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse, 100),
-		ctx:          connCtx,
-		cancel:       cancel,
-	}
-
-	s.connectedProxies.Store(proxyID, conn)
-	if err := s.proxyController.RegisterProxyToCluster(ctx, conn.address, proxyID); err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("Failed to register proxy %s in cluster: %v", proxyID, err)
-	}
-
-	// Register proxy in database with capabilities
-	var caps *proxy.Capabilities
-	if c := req.GetCapabilities(); c != nil {
-		caps = &proxy.Capabilities{
-			SupportsCustomPorts: c.SupportsCustomPorts,
-			RequireSubdomain:    c.RequireSubdomain,
-			SupportsCrowdsec: c.SupportsCrowdsec,
-		}
-	}
-	if err := s.proxyManager.Connect(ctx, proxyID, proxyAddress, peerInfo, caps); err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to register proxy %s in database: %v", proxyID, err)
-		s.connectedProxies.Delete(proxyID)
-		if unregErr := s.proxyController.UnregisterProxyFromCluster(ctx, conn.address, proxyID); unregErr != nil {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("cleanup after Connect failure for proxy %s: %v", proxyID, unregErr)
-		}
-		return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "register proxy in database: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-		"proxy_id":      proxyID,
-		"address":       proxyAddress,
-		"cluster_addr":  proxyAddress,
-		"total_proxies": len(s.GetConnectedProxies()),
-	}).Info("Proxy registered in cluster")
-	defer func() {
-		if err := s.proxyManager.Disconnect(context.Background(), proxyID); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Failed to mark proxy %s as disconnected: %v", proxyID, err)
-		}
-
-		s.connectedProxies.Delete(proxyID)
-		if err := s.proxyController.UnregisterProxyFromCluster(context.Background(), conn.address, proxyID); err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("Failed to unregister proxy %s from cluster: %v", proxyID, err)
-		}
-
-		cancel()
-		log.Infof("Proxy %s disconnected", proxyID)
-	}()
-
-	if err := s.sendSnapshot(ctx, conn); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot to proxy %s: %w", proxyID, err)
+	if err := s.sendSnapshot(stream.Context(), conn); err != nil {
+		s.cleanupFailedSnapshot(stream.Context(), conn)
+		return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot to proxy %s: %w", params.proxyID, err)
 	}
 
 	errChan := make(chan error, 2)
 	go s.sender(conn, errChan)
 
-	// Start heartbeat goroutine
-	go s.heartbeat(connCtx, proxyID, proxyAddress, peerInfo)
+	return s.serveProxyConnection(conn, proxyRecord, errChan, false)
+}
 
-	select {
-	case err := <-errChan:
-		return fmt.Errorf("send update to proxy %s: %w", proxyID, err)
-	case <-connCtx.Done():
-		return connCtx.Err()
+// SyncMappings implements the bidirectional SyncMappings RPC.
+// It mirrors GetMappingUpdate but provides application-level back-pressure:
+// management waits for an ack from the proxy before sending the next batch.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SyncMappings(stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error {
+	init, err := recvSyncInit(stream)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	params, err := s.validateProxyConnect(init.GetProxyId(), init.GetAddress(), stream.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	params.capabilities = init.GetCapabilities()
+
+	conn, proxyRecord, err := s.registerProxyConnection(stream.Context(), params, &proxyConnection{
+		syncStream: stream,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := s.sendSnapshotSync(stream.Context(), conn, stream); err != nil {
+		s.cleanupFailedSnapshot(stream.Context(), conn)
+		return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot to proxy %s: %w", params.proxyID, err)
+	}
+
+	errChan := make(chan error, 2)
+	go s.sender(conn, errChan)
+	go s.drainRecv(stream, errChan)
+
+	return s.serveProxyConnection(conn, proxyRecord, errChan, true)
+}
+
+// recvSyncInit receives and validates the first message on a SyncMappings stream.
+func recvSyncInit(stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) (*proto.SyncMappingsInit, error) {
+	firstMsg, err := stream.Recv()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "receive init: %v", err)
+	}
+	init := firstMsg.GetInit()
+	if init == nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "first message must be init")
+	}
+	return init, nil
+}
+
+// validateProxyConnect validates the proxy ID and address, checks cluster
+// address availability for account-scoped tokens, and finally consults the
+// connect authorizer (when installed) on the address claim.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) validateProxyConnect(proxyID, address string, ctx context.Context) (proxyConnectParams, error) {
+	if proxyID == "" {
+		return proxyConnectParams{}, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "proxy_id is required")
+	}
+	if !isProxyAddressValid(address) {
+		return proxyConnectParams{}, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "proxy address is invalid")
+	}
+
+	token := GetProxyTokenFromContext(ctx)
+	if token != nil && token.AccountID != nil {
+		available, err := s.proxyManager.IsClusterAddressAvailable(ctx, address, *token.AccountID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return proxyConnectParams{}, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "check cluster address: %v", err)
+		}
+		if !available {
+			return proxyConnectParams{}, status.Errorf(codes.AlreadyExists, "cluster address %s is already in use", address)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The authorizer runs last, outside the account-scoped branch, so it also
+	// sees management-wide and token-less connects. PermissionDenied keeps an
+	// authorization rejection distinguishable from the AlreadyExists address
+	// conflict above in proxy logs.
+	if authorizer := s.proxyConnectAuthorizer(); authorizer != nil {
+		if err := authorizer.AuthorizeProxyConnect(ctx, token, proxyID, address); err != nil {
+			if _, ok := status.FromError(err); ok {
+				return proxyConnectParams{}, err
+			}
+			return proxyConnectParams{}, status.Errorf(codes.PermissionDenied, "proxy connect not authorized: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return proxyConnectParams{proxyID: proxyID, address: address}, nil
+}
+
+// registerProxyConnection creates a proxyConnection, registers it with the
+// proxy manager and cluster, and stores it in connectedProxies. The caller
+// provides a partially initialised connSeed with stream-specific fields set;
+// the remaining fields are filled in here.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) registerProxyConnection(ctx context.Context, params proxyConnectParams, connSeed *proxyConnection) (*proxyConnection, *proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	peerInfo := PeerIPFromContext(ctx)
+
+	var accountID *string
+	var tokenID string
+	if token := GetProxyTokenFromContext(ctx); token != nil {
+		if token.AccountID != nil {
+			accountID = token.AccountID
+		}
+		tokenID = token.ID
+	}
+
+	sessionID := uuid.NewString()
+	s.supersedePriorConnection(params.proxyID, sessionID)
+
+	connCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	connSeed.proxyID = params.proxyID
+	connSeed.sessionID = sessionID
+	connSeed.address = params.address
+	connSeed.accountID = accountID
+	connSeed.tokenID = tokenID
+	connSeed.capabilities = params.capabilities
+	connSeed.sendChan = make(chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse, 100)
+	connSeed.ctx = connCtx
+	connSeed.cancel = cancel
+
+	var caps *proxy.Capabilities
+	if c := params.capabilities; c != nil {
+		caps = &proxy.Capabilities{
+			SupportsCustomPorts: c.SupportsCustomPorts,
+			RequireSubdomain:    c.RequireSubdomain,
+			SupportsCrowdsec:    c.SupportsCrowdsec,
+			Private:             c.Private,
+		}
+	}
+
+	proxyRecord, err := s.proxyManager.Connect(ctx, params.proxyID, sessionID, params.address, peerInfo, accountID, caps)
+	if err != nil {
+		cancel()
+		if accountID != nil {
+			return nil, nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to register BYOP proxy: %v", err)
+		}
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to register proxy %s in database: %v", params.proxyID, err)
+		return nil, nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "register proxy in database: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	s.connectedProxies.Store(params.proxyID, connSeed)
+	if err := s.proxyController.RegisterProxyToCluster(ctx, params.address, params.proxyID); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("Failed to register proxy %s in cluster: %v", params.proxyID, err)
+	}
+
+	return connSeed, proxyRecord, nil
+}
+
+// supersedePriorConnection cancels any existing connection for the given proxy.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) supersedePriorConnection(proxyID, newSessionID string) {
+	if old, loaded := s.connectedProxies.Load(proxyID); loaded {
+		oldConn := old.(*proxyConnection)
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"proxy_id":       proxyID,
+			"old_session_id": oldConn.sessionID,
+			"new_session_id": newSessionID,
+		}).Info("Superseding existing proxy connection")
+		oldConn.cancel()
 	}
 }
 
-// heartbeat updates the proxy's last_seen timestamp every minute
-func (s *ProxyServiceServer) heartbeat(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string) {
+// cleanupFailedSnapshot removes the connection from the cluster and store
+// after a snapshot send failure.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) cleanupFailedSnapshot(ctx context.Context, conn *proxyConnection) {
+	if s.connectedProxies.CompareAndDelete(conn.proxyID, conn) {
+		if err := s.proxyController.UnregisterProxyFromCluster(context.Background(), conn.address, conn.proxyID); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("cleanup after snapshot failure for proxy %s: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	conn.cancel()
+	if err := s.proxyManager.Disconnect(context.Background(), conn.proxyID, conn.sessionID); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("cleanup after snapshot failure for proxy %s: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// drainRecv consumes and discards messages from a bidirectional stream.
+// The proxy sends an ack for every incremental update; we don't need them
+// after the snapshot phase. Recv errors are forwarded to errChan.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) drainRecv(stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer, errChan chan<- error) {
+	for {
+		if _, err := stream.Recv(); err != nil {
+			errChan <- err
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// serveProxyConnection runs the post-snapshot lifecycle: heartbeat, sender,
+// and wait for termination. When bidi is true, normal stream closure (EOF,
+// canceled) is treated as a clean disconnect rather than an error.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) serveProxyConnection(conn *proxyConnection, proxyRecord *proxy.Proxy, errChan <-chan error, bidi bool) error {
+	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"proxy_id":      conn.proxyID,
+		"session_id":    conn.sessionID,
+		"address":       conn.address,
+		"cluster_addr":  conn.address,
+		"account_id":    conn.accountID,
+		"total_proxies": len(s.GetConnectedProxies()),
+	}).Info("Proxy registered in cluster")
+
+	defer s.disconnectProxy(conn)
+	go s.heartbeat(conn.ctx, conn, proxyRecord)
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-errChan:
+		if bidi && isStreamClosed(err) {
+			log.Infof("Proxy %s stream closed", conn.proxyID)
+			return nil
+		}
+		log.Warnf("Failed to send update: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("send update to proxy %s: %w", conn.proxyID, err)
+	case <-conn.ctx.Done():
+		log.Infof("Proxy %s context canceled", conn.proxyID)
+		return conn.ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
+// disconnectProxy removes the connection from cluster and store, unless it
+// has already been superseded by a newer connection.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) disconnectProxy(conn *proxyConnection) {
+	if !s.connectedProxies.CompareAndDelete(conn.proxyID, conn) {
+		log.Infof("Proxy %s session %s: skipping cleanup, superseded by new connection", conn.proxyID, conn.sessionID)
+		conn.cancel()
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.proxyController.UnregisterProxyFromCluster(context.Background(), conn.address, conn.proxyID); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to unregister proxy %s from cluster: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
+	}
+	conn.cancel()
+	if err := s.proxyManager.Disconnect(context.Background(), conn.proxyID, conn.sessionID); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to mark proxy %s as disconnected: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Proxy %s session %s disconnected", conn.proxyID, conn.sessionID)
+}
+
+// sendSnapshotSync sends the initial snapshot with back-pressure: it sends
+// one batch, then waits for the proxy to ack before sending the next.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) sendSnapshotSync(ctx context.Context, conn *proxyConnection, stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error {
+	if !isProxyAddressValid(conn.address) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("proxy address is invalid")
+	}
+	if s.snapshotBatchSize <= 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid snapshot batch size: %d", s.snapshotBatchSize)
+	}
+
+	mappings, err := s.snapshotServiceMappings(ctx, conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(mappings); i += s.snapshotBatchSize {
+		end := i + s.snapshotBatchSize
+		if end > len(mappings) {
+			end = len(mappings)
+		}
+		for _, m := range mappings[i:end] {
+			token, err := s.tokenStore.GenerateToken(m.AccountId, m.Id, s.proxyTokenTTL())
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("generate auth token for service %s: %w", m.Id, err)
+			}
+			m.AuthToken = token
+		}
+		if err := stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsResponse{
+			Mapping:             mappings[i:end],
+			InitialSyncComplete: end == len(mappings),
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot batch: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := waitForAck(stream); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(mappings) == 0 {
+		if err := stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsResponse{
+			InitialSyncComplete: true,
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot completion: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := waitForAck(stream); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func waitForAck(stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error {
+	msg, err := stream.Recv()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("receive ack: %w", err)
+	}
+	if msg.GetAck() == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected ack, got %T", msg.GetMsg())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// heartbeat updates the proxy's last_seen timestamp every minute and
+// disconnects the proxy if its access token has been revoked.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) heartbeat(ctx context.Context, conn *proxyConnection, p *proxy.Proxy) {
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(1 * time.Minute)
 	defer ticker.Stop()
 
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-ticker.C:
-			if err := s.proxyManager.Heartbeat(ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress); err != nil {
-				log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Failed to update proxy %s heartbeat: %v", proxyID, err)
+			if err := s.proxyManager.Heartbeat(ctx, p); err != nil {
+				log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Failed to update proxy %s heartbeat: %v", p.ID, err)
+			}
+
+			if conn.tokenID != "" && s.tokenChecker != nil {
+				valid, err := s.tokenChecker.IsProxyAccessTokenValid(ctx, conn.tokenID)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to check token validity for proxy %s: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
+					continue
+				}
+				if !valid {
+					log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("proxy %s token revoked or expired, disconnecting", conn.proxyID)
+					conn.cancel()
+					return
+				}
 			}
 		case <-ctx.Done():
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("proxy %s heartbeat stopped: context canceled", p.ID)
 			return
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// sendSnapshot sends the initial snapshot of services to the connecting proxy.
-// Only entries matching the proxy's cluster address are sent.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) sendSnapshot(ctx context.Context, conn *proxyConnection) error {
 	if !isProxyAddressValid(conn.address) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("proxy address is invalid")
 	}
+	if s.snapshotBatchSize <= 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid snapshot batch size: %d", s.snapshotBatchSize)
+	}
 
 	mappings, err := s.snapshotServiceMappings(ctx, conn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// Send mappings in batches to reduce per-message gRPC overhead while
+	// staying well within the default 4 MB message size limit.
+	for i := 0; i < len(mappings); i += s.snapshotBatchSize {
+		end := i + s.snapshotBatchSize
+		if end > len(mappings) {
+			end = len(mappings)
+		}
+		for _, m := range mappings[i:end] {
+			token, err := s.tokenStore.GenerateToken(m.AccountId, m.Id, s.proxyTokenTTL())
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("generate auth token for service %s: %w", m.Id, err)
+			}
+			m.AuthToken = token
+		}
+		if err := conn.stream.Send(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+			Mapping:             mappings[i:end],
+			InitialSyncComplete: end == len(mappings),
+		}); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot batch: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if len(mappings) == 0 {
 		if err := conn.stream.Send(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
 			InitialSyncComplete: true,
 		}); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("send snapshot completion: %w", err)
 		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	for i, m := range mappings {
-		if err := conn.stream.Send(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
-			Mapping:             []*proto.ProxyMapping{m},
-			InitialSyncComplete: i == len(mappings)-1,
-		}); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("send proxy mapping: %w", err)
-		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) snapshotServiceMappings(ctx context.Context, conn *proxyConnection) ([]*proto.ProxyMapping, error) {
-	services, err := s.serviceManager.GetGlobalServices(ctx)
+	var services []*rpservice.Service
+	var err error
+	if conn.accountID != nil {
+		services, err = s.serviceManager.GetAccountServices(ctx, *conn.accountID)
+	} else {
+		services, err = s.serviceManager.GetGlobalServices(ctx)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get services from store: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if synth := s.agentNetworkSynthesizer(); synth != nil {
+		var synthesised []*rpservice.Service
+		var serr error
+		// Account-scoped connections synthesise only their own account, so the
+		// snapshot can never carry another tenant's mappings (which embed the
+		// upstream auth header derived from that tenant's provider API key).
+		// Global connections still see the whole cluster.
+		if conn.accountID != nil {
+			synthesised, serr = synth.SynthesizeServicesForAccount(ctx, *conn.accountID)
+		} else {
+			synthesised, serr = synth.SynthesizeServicesForCluster(ctx, conn.address)
+		}
+		if serr != nil {
+			// Surface a real synthesis failure instead of silently shipping an
+			// incomplete snapshot (which would drop the account's agent-network
+			// routes). Consistent with the persisted-services error above; the
+			// proxy retries the snapshot on connection error.
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("synthesise agent-network services: %w", serr)
+		}
+		services = append(services, synthesised...)
+	}
+
+	oidcCfg := s.GetOIDCValidationConfig()
 	var mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
 	for _, service := range services {
 		if !service.Enabled || service.ProxyCluster == "" || service.ProxyCluster != conn.address {
 			continue
 		}
-
-		token, err := s.tokenStore.GenerateToken(service.AccountID, service.ID, 5*time.Minute)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-				"service": service.Name,
-				"account": service.AccountID,
-			}).WithError(err).Error("failed to generate auth token for snapshot")
+		// Defense in depth: an account-scoped proxy must never receive another
+		// account's mapping, matching the per-account filtering the incremental
+		// update path already applies.
+		if conn.accountID != nil && service.AccountID != *conn.accountID {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		m := service.ToProtoMapping(rpservice.Create, token, s.GetOIDCValidationConfig())
+		m := service.ToProtoMapping(rpservice.Create, "", oidcCfg)
 		if !proxyAcceptsMapping(conn, m) {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -318,31 +872,68 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) snapshotServiceMappings(ctx context.Context, conn *
 	return mappings, nil
 }
 
-// isProxyAddressValid validates a proxy address
+// isProxyAddressValid validates a proxy address (domain name or IP address)
 func isProxyAddressValid(addr string) bool {
+	if addr == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if net.ParseIP(addr) != nil {
+		return true
+	}
 	_, err := domain.ValidateDomains([]string{addr})
 	return err == nil
 }
 
-// sender handles sending messages to proxy
+// isStreamClosed returns true for errors that indicate normal stream
+// termination: io.EOF, context cancellation, or gRPC Canceled.
+func isStreamClosed(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return status.Code(err) == codes.Canceled
+}
+
+// sender handles sending messages to proxy.
+// When conn.syncStream is set the message is sent as SyncMappingsResponse;
+// otherwise the legacy GetMappingUpdateResponse stream is used.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) sender(conn *proxyConnection, errChan chan<- error) {
 	for {
 		select {
 		case resp := <-conn.sendChan:
-			if err := conn.stream.Send(resp); err != nil {
+			if err := conn.sendResponse(resp); err != nil {
 				errChan <- err
+				log.WithContext(conn.ctx).Tracef("Failed to send response to proxy %s: %v", conn.proxyID, err)
 				return
 			}
+			log.WithContext(conn.ctx).Tracef("Send response to proxy %s", conn.proxyID)
 		case <-conn.ctx.Done():
 			return
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// sendResponse sends a mapping update on whichever stream the proxy connected with.
+func (conn *proxyConnection) sendResponse(resp *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse) error {
+	if conn.syncStream != nil {
+		return conn.syncStream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsResponse{
+			Mapping:             resp.Mapping,
+			InitialSyncComplete: resp.InitialSyncComplete,
+		})
+	}
+	return conn.stream.Send(resp)
+}
+
 // SendAccessLog processes access log from proxy
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendAccessLog(ctx context.Context, req *proto.SendAccessLogRequest) (*proto.SendAccessLogResponse, error) {
 	accessLog := req.GetLog()
 
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, accessLog.GetAccountId()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	fields := log.Fields{
 		"service_id": accessLog.GetServiceId(),
 		"account_id": accessLog.GetAccountId(),
@@ -380,24 +971,73 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendAccessLog(ctx context.Context, req *proto.SendA
 // Management should call this when services are created/updated/removed.
 // For create/update operations a unique one-time auth token is generated per
 // proxy so that every replica can independently authenticate with management.
+// BYOP proxies only receive updates for their own account's services.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendServiceUpdate(update *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse) {
 	log.Debugf("Broadcasting service update to all connected proxy servers")
+	updateAccountIDs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, m := range update.Mapping {
+		if m.AccountId != "" {
+			updateAccountIDs[m.AccountId] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
 	s.connectedProxies.Range(func(key, value interface{}) bool {
 		conn := value.(*proxyConnection)
-		resp := s.perProxyMessage(update, conn.proxyID)
+		connUpdate := update
+		if conn.accountID != nil && len(updateAccountIDs) > 0 {
+			if _, ok := updateAccountIDs[*conn.accountID]; !ok {
+				return true
+			}
+			filtered := filterMappingsForAccount(update.Mapping, *conn.accountID)
+			if len(filtered) == 0 {
+				return true
+			}
+			connUpdate = &proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+				Mapping:             filtered,
+				InitialSyncComplete: update.InitialSyncComplete,
+			}
+		}
+		// Drop mappings the proxy lacks capability for (e.g. private without SupportsPrivateService).
+		connUpdate = filterMappingsForProxy(conn, connUpdate)
+		if connUpdate == nil || len(connUpdate.Mapping) == 0 {
+			return true
+		}
+		resp := s.perProxyMessage(connUpdate, conn.proxyID)
 		if resp == nil {
+			log.Warnf("Token generation failed for proxy %s, disconnecting to force resync", conn.proxyID)
+			conn.cancel()
 			return true
 		}
 		select {
 		case conn.sendChan <- resp:
 			log.Debugf("Sent service update to proxy server %s", conn.proxyID)
 		default:
-			log.Warnf("Failed to send service update to proxy server %s (channel full)", conn.proxyID)
+			log.Warnf("Send channel full for proxy %s, disconnecting to force resync", conn.proxyID)
+			conn.cancel()
 		}
 		return true
 	})
 }
 
+// ForceDisconnect cancels the gRPC stream for a connected proxy, causing it to disconnect.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ForceDisconnect(proxyID string) {
+	if connVal, ok := s.connectedProxies.Load(proxyID); ok {
+		conn := connVal.(*proxyConnection)
+		conn.cancel()
+		s.connectedProxies.Delete(proxyID)
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"proxyID": proxyID}).Info("force disconnected proxy")
+	}
+}
+
+func filterMappingsForAccount(mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping, accountID string) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+	var filtered []*proto.ProxyMapping
+	for _, m := range mappings {
+		if m.AccountId == accountID {
+			filtered = append(filtered, m)
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
+
 // GetConnectedProxies returns a list of connected proxy IDs
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GetConnectedProxies() []string {
 	var proxies []string
@@ -466,33 +1106,43 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendServiceUpdateToCluster(ctx context.Context, upd
 			continue
 		}
 		conn := connVal.(*proxyConnection)
+		if conn.accountID != nil && update.AccountId != "" && *conn.accountID != update.AccountId {
+			continue
+		}
 		if !proxyAcceptsMapping(conn, update) {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Skipping proxy %s: does not support custom ports for mapping %s", proxyID, update.Id)
 			continue
 		}
 		msg := s.perProxyMessage(updateResponse, proxyID)
 		if msg == nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("Token generation failed for proxy %s in cluster %s, disconnecting to force resync", proxyID, clusterAddr)
+			conn.cancel()
 			continue
 		}
 		select {
 		case conn.sendChan <- msg:
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Sent service update with id %s to proxy %s in cluster %s", update.Id, proxyID, clusterAddr)
 		default:
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("Failed to send service update to proxy %s in cluster %s (channel full)", proxyID, clusterAddr)
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("Send channel full for proxy %s in cluster %s, disconnecting to force resync", proxyID, clusterAddr)
+			conn.cancel()
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-// proxyAcceptsMapping returns whether the proxy should receive this mapping.
-// Old proxies that never reported capabilities are skipped for non-TLS L4
-// mappings with a custom listen port, since they don't understand the
-// protocol. Proxies that report capabilities (even SupportsCustomPorts=false)
-// are new enough to handle the mapping. TLS uses SNI routing and works on
-// any proxy. Delete operations are always sent so proxies can clean up.
+// proxyAcceptsMapping returns whether the proxy can receive this mapping.
+// Private mappings require SupportsPrivateService; custom-port L4 mappings
+// require SupportsCustomPorts. Remove operations always pass so proxies can
+// clean up.
 func proxyAcceptsMapping(conn *proxyConnection, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) bool {
 	if mapping.Type == proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED {
 		return true
 	}
+	if mapping.GetPrivate() {
+		caps := conn.capabilities
+		if caps == nil || caps.SupportsPrivateService == nil || !*caps.SupportsPrivateService {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
 	if mapping.ListenPort == 0 || mapping.Mode == "tls" {
 		return true
 	}
@@ -501,10 +1151,34 @@ func proxyAcceptsMapping(conn *proxyConnection, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) boo
 	return conn.capabilities != nil && conn.capabilities.SupportsCustomPorts != nil
 }
 
+// filterMappingsForProxy drops mappings the proxy cannot safely receive
+// (e.g. private mappings to a proxy without SupportsPrivateService).
+// Returns the input unchanged when no filtering is needed.
+func filterMappingsForProxy(conn *proxyConnection, update *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse) *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse {
+	if update == nil || len(update.Mapping) == 0 {
+		return update
+	}
+	kept := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, 0, len(update.Mapping))
+	for _, m := range update.Mapping {
+		if !proxyAcceptsMapping(conn, m) {
+			continue
+		}
+		kept = append(kept, m)
+	}
+	if len(kept) == len(update.Mapping) {
+		return update
+	}
+	return &proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping:             kept,
+		InitialSyncComplete: update.InitialSyncComplete,
+	}
+}
+
 // perProxyMessage returns a copy of update with a fresh one-time token for
 // create/update operations. For delete operations the original mapping is
 // used unchanged because proxies do not need to authenticate for removal.
-// Returns nil if token generation fails (the proxy should be skipped).
+// Returns nil if token generation fails; the caller must disconnect the
+// proxy so it can resync via a fresh snapshot on reconnect.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) perProxyMessage(update *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse, proxyID string) *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse {
 	resp := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, 0, len(update.Mapping))
 	for _, mapping := range update.Mapping {
@@ -513,7 +1187,7 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) perProxyMessage(update *proto.GetMappingUpdateRespo
 			continue
 		}
 
-		token, err := s.tokenStore.GenerateToken(mapping.AccountId, mapping.Id, 5*time.Minute)
+		token, err := s.tokenStore.GenerateToken(mapping.AccountId, mapping.Id, s.proxyTokenTTL())
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to generate token for proxy %s: %v", proxyID, err)
 			return nil
@@ -545,10 +1219,15 @@ func shallowCloneMapping(m *proto.ProxyMapping) *proto.ProxyMapping {
 		Mode:               m.Mode,
 		ListenPort:         m.ListenPort,
 		AccessRestrictions: m.AccessRestrictions,
+		Private:            m.Private,
 	}
 }
 
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, req *proto.AuthenticateRequest) (*proto.AuthenticateResponse, error) {
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, req.GetAccountId()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	service, err := s.serviceManager.GetServiceByID(ctx, req.GetAccountId(), req.GetId())
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("failed to get service from store: %v", err)
@@ -557,7 +1236,10 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Authen
 
 	authenticated, userId, method := s.authenticateRequest(ctx, req, service)
 
-	token, err := s.generateSessionToken(ctx, authenticated, service, userId, method)
+	// Non-OIDC schemes (PIN/Password/Header) authenticate against per-service
+	// secrets and have no user-level group context, so groups stay nil. Email
+	// is also empty — these schemes don't resolve a user record at sign time.
+	token, err := s.generateSessionToken(ctx, authenticated, service, userId, "", method, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -629,7 +1311,7 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) authenticateHeader(ctx context.Context, serviceID s
 			lastErr = err
 			continue
 		}
-		return true, "header-user", proxyauth.MethodHeader
+		return true, proxyauth.HeaderUserID, proxyauth.MethodHeader
 	}
 
 	if lastErr != nil {
@@ -646,7 +1328,7 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) logAuthenticationError(ctx context.Context, err err
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *ProxyServiceServer) generateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, authenticated bool, service *rpservice.Service, userId string, method proxyauth.Method) (string, error) {
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) generateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, authenticated bool, service *rpservice.Service, userId, userEmail string, method proxyauth.Method, groupIDs, groupNames []string) (string, error) {
 	if !authenticated || service.SessionPrivateKey == "" {
 		return "", nil
 	}
@@ -654,8 +1336,11 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) generateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, authentic
 	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(
 		service.SessionPrivateKey,
 		userId,
+		userEmail,
 		service.Domain,
 		method,
+		groupIDs,
+		groupNames,
 		proxyauth.DefaultSessionExpiry,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -666,8 +1351,32 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) generateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, authentic
 	return token, nil
 }
 
+// pairGroupIDsAndNames splits a slice of resolved *types.Group records
+// into parallel id and name slices. ids[i] and names[i] always pair to
+// the same group. nil entries (orphan ids the manager couldn't resolve)
+// are skipped so the consumer can rely on positional pairing.
+func pairGroupIDsAndNames(groups []*types.Group) (ids, names []string) {
+	if len(groups) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	ids = make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	names = make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		if g == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, g.ID)
+		names = append(names, g.Name)
+	}
+	return ids, names
+}
+
 // SendStatusUpdate handles status updates from proxy clients.
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) SendStatusUpdate(ctx context.Context, req *proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest) (*proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse, error) {
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, req.GetAccountId()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	accountID := req.GetAccountId()
 	serviceID := req.GetServiceId()
 	protoStatus := req.GetStatus()
@@ -738,6 +1447,10 @@ func protoStatusToInternal(protoStatus proto.ProxyStatus) rpservice.Status {
 
 // CreateProxyPeer handles proxy peer creation with one-time token authentication
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, req *proto.CreateProxyPeerRequest) (*proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse, error) {
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, req.GetAccountId()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	serviceID := req.GetServiceId()
 	accountID := req.GetAccountId()
 	token := req.GetToken()
@@ -792,6 +1505,10 @@ func strPtr(s string) *string {
 }
 
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GetOIDCURL(ctx context.Context, req *proto.GetOIDCURLRequest) (*proto.GetOIDCURLResponse, error) {
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, req.GetAccountId()); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	redirectURL, err := url.Parse(req.GetRedirectUrl())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "parse redirect url: %v", err)
@@ -918,36 +1635,142 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateState(state string) (verifier, redirectURL
 	return verifier, redirectURL, nil
 }
 
-// GenerateSessionToken creates a signed session JWT for the given domain and user.
-func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GenerateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, domain, userID string, method proxyauth.Method) (string, error) {
-	// Find the service by domain to get its signing key
-	services, err := s.serviceManager.GetGlobalServices(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("get services: %w", err)
-	}
+// Denied reasons reported to the proxy when access is refused because of the
+// account status of the user behind the request.
+const (
+	deniedReasonPendingApproval = "pending_approval"
+	deniedReasonUserBlocked     = "user_blocked"
+	deniedReasonUserNotFound    = "user_not_found"
+)
 
-	var service *rpservice.Service
-	for _, svc := range services {
-		if svc.Domain == domain {
-			service = svc
-			break
-		}
+var (
+	// ErrUserPendingApproval reports a user whose account still awaits approval
+	// by an administrator and may therefore not hold a proxy session.
+	ErrUserPendingApproval = errors.New("user pending approval")
+
+	// ErrUserBlocked reports a blocked user, who may not hold a proxy session.
+	ErrUserBlocked = errors.New("user blocked")
+
+	// ErrUserNotInGroup reports a user outside the service's distribution
+	// groups, who may not hold a proxy session for it.
+	ErrUserNotInGroup = errors.New("user not in allowed groups")
+
+	errUserUnresolved = errors.New("user could not be resolved")
+)
+
+// checkUserStatus reports whether the user's account status permits reverse
+// proxy access, returning the denied reason for the proxy access log together
+// with the sentinel error callers match on. A user awaiting approval is stored
+// as both pending and blocked, so the pending state is reported first: it is
+// the one an administrator can act on.
+func checkUserStatus(user *types.User) (string, error) {
+	switch {
+	case user == nil:
+		return deniedReasonUserNotFound, errUserUnresolved
+	case user.PendingApproval:
+		return deniedReasonPendingApproval, ErrUserPendingApproval
+	case user.IsBlocked():
+		return deniedReasonUserBlocked, ErrUserBlocked
+	default:
+		return "", nil
 	}
-	if service == nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("service not found for domain: %s", domain)
+}
+
+// userStatusDeniedReason returns the denied reason for callers that report a
+// decision rather than an error, and an empty string when the user may proceed.
+func userStatusDeniedReason(user *types.User) string {
+	reason, _ := checkUserStatus(user)
+	return reason
+}
+
+// sameAccount reports whether a user belongs to a service's account. An empty
+// identifier on either side never matches: two unset accounts must not compare
+// equal into a grant.
+func sameAccount(userAccountID, serviceAccountID string) bool {
+	return userAccountID != "" && serviceAccountID != "" && userAccountID == serviceAccountID
+}
+
+// GenerateSessionToken creates a signed session JWT for the given domain and
+// user. The user's group memberships are embedded in the token so policy-aware
+// middlewares on the proxy can authorise without an extra management round-trip.
+// A user the store cannot resolve, whose account is pending approval or blocked,
+// or who is outside the service's distribution groups, gets no token at all: the
+// token is a bearer credential for the service, so authorisation has to run
+// before it is signed rather than only when the proxy presents it back.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) GenerateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, domain, userID string, method proxyauth.Method) (string, error) {
+	service, err := s.getServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("service not found for domain %s: %w", domain, err)
 	}
 
 	if service.SessionPrivateKey == "" {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("no session key configured for domain: %s", domain)
 	}
 
-	return sessionkey.SignToken(
+	if s.usersManager == nil {
+		return "", errors.New("users manager not configured")
+	}
+
+	user, userGroups, err := s.usersManager.GetUserWithGroups(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get user %s: %w", userID, err)
+	}
+
+	if user == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get user %s: %w", userID, errUserUnresolved)
+	}
+
+	// Bind the OIDC identity to the service's account before signing anything
+	// with that service's session key. The proxy validates an installed cookie
+	// locally against the service public key, so a token minted for a user of
+	// another account would be honoured without a management round-trip.
+	if !sameAccount(user.AccountID, service.AccountID) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("user %s does not belong to the service account", userID)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := checkUserStatus(user); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("session token for user %s: %w", userID, err)
+	}
+
+	if err := s.checkGroupAccess(service, user); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"domain":  domain,
+			"user_id": userID,
+		}).Debug("GenerateSessionToken: user not in the service's distribution groups")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("session token for user %s: %w", userID, ErrUserNotInGroup)
+	}
+
+	groupIDs, groupNames := pairGroupIDsAndNames(userGroups)
+
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(
 		service.SessionPrivateKey,
 		userID,
+		user.Email,
 		domain,
 		method,
+		groupIDs,
+		groupNames,
 		proxyauth.DefaultSessionExpiry,
 	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	s.recordUserLogin(ctx, service.AccountID, user)
+
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+// recordUserLogin hands the sign-in to the activity manager. The RPC must not
+// fail on it, so the error is logged and dropped here rather than returned.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) recordUserLogin(ctx context.Context, accountID string, user *types.User) {
+	if s.activityManager == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.activityManager.RecordUserLogin(ctx, accountID, user); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("record proxy login for user %s: %v", user.Id, err)
+	}
 }
 
 // ValidateUserGroupAccess checks if a user has access to a service.
@@ -959,6 +1782,10 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateUserGroupAccess(ctx context.Context, domain
 		return fmt.Errorf("user not found: %s", userID)
 	}
 
+	if _, err := checkUserStatus(user); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("user %s denied access to domain %s: %w", userID, domain, err)
+	}
+
 	service, err := s.getAccountServiceByDomain(ctx, user.AccountID, domain)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -1013,10 +1840,7 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Val
 	sessionToken := req.GetSessionToken()
 
 	if domain == "" || sessionToken == "" {
-		return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-			Valid:        false,
-			DeniedReason: "missing domain or session_token",
-		}, nil
+		return deniedSessionResponse("missing domain or session_token"), nil
 	}
 
 	service, err := s.getServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
@@ -1026,78 +1850,51 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Val
 			"error":  err.Error(),
 		}).Debug("ValidateSession: service not found")
 		//nolint:nilerr
-		return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-			Valid:        false,
-			DeniedReason: "service_not_found",
-		}, nil
+		return deniedSessionResponse("service_not_found"), nil
 	}
 
-	pubKeyBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(service.SessionPublicKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-			"domain": domain,
-			"error":  err.Error(),
-		}).Error("ValidateSession: decode public key")
-		//nolint:nilerr
-		return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-			Valid:        false,
-			DeniedReason: "invalid_service_config",
-		}, nil
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, service.AccountID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	userID, _, err := proxyauth.ValidateSessionJWT(sessionToken, domain, pubKeyBytes)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-			"domain": domain,
-			"error":  err.Error(),
-		}).Debug("ValidateSession: invalid session token")
-		//nolint:nilerr
-		return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-			Valid:        false,
-			DeniedReason: "invalid_token",
-		}, nil
+	userID, reason := sessionTokenSubject(domain, service, sessionToken)
+	if reason != "" {
+		return deniedSessionResponse(reason), nil
 	}
 
-	user, err := s.usersManager.GetUser(ctx, userID)
-	if err != nil {
+	user, userGroups, err := s.usersManager.GetUserWithGroups(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil || user == nil {
 		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
 			"domain":  domain,
 			"user_id": userID,
-			"error":   err.Error(),
+			"error":   err,
 		}).Debug("ValidateSession: user not found")
 		//nolint:nilerr
-		return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-			Valid:        false,
-			DeniedReason: "user_not_found",
-		}, nil
+		return deniedSessionResponse(deniedReasonUserNotFound), nil
 	}
 
-	if user.AccountID != service.AccountID {
+	// A user from another account gets a bare response: none of their identity
+	// belongs in an answer to a proxy serving a different account.
+	if !sameAccount(user.AccountID, service.AccountID) {
 		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
 			"domain":          domain,
 			"user_id":         userID,
 			"user_account":    user.AccountID,
 			"service_account": service.AccountID,
 		}).Debug("ValidateSession: user account mismatch")
-		//nolint:nilerr
-		return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-			Valid:        false,
-			DeniedReason: "account_mismatch",
-		}, nil
+		return deniedSessionResponse("account_mismatch"), nil
 	}
 
-	if err := s.checkGroupAccess(service, user); err != nil {
-		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
-			"domain":  domain,
-			"user_id": userID,
-			"error":   err.Error(),
-		}).Debug("ValidateSession: access denied")
-		//nolint:nilerr
+	groupIDs, groupNames := pairGroupIDsAndNames(userGroups)
+
+	if reason := s.accountUserDeniedReason(domain, service, user); reason != "" {
 		return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-			Valid:        false,
-			UserId:       user.Id,
-			UserEmail:    user.Email,
-			DeniedReason: "not_in_group",
+			Valid:          false,
+			UserId:         user.Id,
+			UserEmail:      user.Email,
+			DeniedReason:   reason,
+			PeerGroupIds:   groupIDs,
+			PeerGroupNames: groupNames,
 		}, nil
 	}
 
@@ -1108,25 +1905,98 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Val
 	}).Debug("ValidateSession: access granted")
 
 	return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
-		Valid:     true,
-		UserId:    user.Id,
-		UserEmail: user.Email,
+		Valid:          true,
+		UserId:         user.Id,
+		UserEmail:      user.Email,
+		PeerGroupIds:   groupIDs,
+		PeerGroupNames: groupNames,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (s *ProxyServiceServer) getServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*rpservice.Service, error) {
-	services, err := s.serviceManager.GetGlobalServices(ctx)
+// deniedSessionResponse builds a denial that carries no identity, for the
+// checks that run before a user of this service's account is resolved.
+func deniedSessionResponse(reason string) *proto.ValidateSessionResponse {
+	return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{
+		Valid:        false,
+		DeniedReason: reason,
+	}
+}
+
+// sessionTokenSubject verifies the session token against the service's session
+// key and returns the user it was minted for, or the reason it cannot be
+// trusted.
+func sessionTokenSubject(domain string, service *rpservice.Service, sessionToken string) (userID, deniedReason string) {
+	pubKeyBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(service.SessionPublicKey)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get services: %w", err)
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"domain": domain,
+			"error":  err.Error(),
+		}).Error("ValidateSession: decode public key")
+		return "", "invalid_service_config"
 	}
 
-	for _, service := range services {
-		if service.Domain == domain {
-			return service, nil
+	userID, _, _, _, _, err = proxyauth.ValidateSessionJWT(sessionToken, domain, pubKeyBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"domain": domain,
+			"error":  err.Error(),
+		}).Debug("ValidateSession: invalid session token")
+		return "", "invalid_token"
+	}
+
+	return userID, ""
+}
+
+// accountUserDeniedReason gates a user of the service's own account, returning
+// an empty string when access is granted. Account status comes before group
+// membership: a user awaiting approval or blocked has no access regardless of
+// the groups they were auto-assigned.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) accountUserDeniedReason(domain string, service *rpservice.Service, user *types.User) string {
+	if reason := userStatusDeniedReason(user); reason != "" {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"domain":  domain,
+			"user_id": user.Id,
+			"reason":  reason,
+		}).Debug("ValidateSession: user status denies access")
+		return reason
+	}
+
+	if err := s.checkGroupAccess(service, user); err != nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"domain":  domain,
+			"user_id": user.Id,
+			"error":   err.Error(),
+		}).Debug("ValidateSession: access denied")
+		return "not_in_group"
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) getServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	service, err := s.serviceManager.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
+	if err == nil {
+		return service, nil
+	}
+
+	// Fall back to the Agent Network synthesiser scoped directly to the domain's
+	// account. Synthesised services are never persisted, so they must resolve
+	// here for OIDC / session / tunnel-peer flows against agent-network
+	// endpoints. Resolving by domain synthesises only the owning account rather
+	// than every tenant on the cluster.
+	if synth := s.agentNetworkSynthesizer(); synth != nil {
+		svc, serr := synth.SynthesizeServiceForDomain(ctx, domain)
+		if serr != nil {
+			// A real synthesis failure must surface, not be masked by the
+			// original store miss — otherwise a transient DB error looks like
+			// "no such service".
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("synthesize agent-network service for %s: %w", domain, serr)
+		}
+		if svc != nil {
+			return svc, nil
 		}
 	}
-
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("service not found for domain: %s", domain)
+	return nil, err
 }
 
 func (s *ProxyServiceServer) checkGroupAccess(service *rpservice.Service, user *types.User) error {
@@ -1154,3 +2024,251 @@ func (s *ProxyServiceServer) checkGroupAccess(service *rpservice.Service, user *
 }
 
 func ptr[T any](v T) *T { return &v }
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeer resolves an inbound peer by its WireGuard tunnel IP and
+// checks the peer's group membership against the service's access groups.
+// Peers without a user (machine agents, automation workloads) are first-class
+// callers; authorisation runs off peer-group memberships rather than the
+// optional owning user's auto-groups. On success a session JWT is minted so
+// the proxy can install a cookie and skip subsequent management round-trips.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	domain := req.GetDomain()
+	tunnelIPStr := req.GetTunnelIp()
+
+	if domain == "" || tunnelIPStr == "" {
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "missing domain or tunnel_ip",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	tunnelIP := net.ParseIP(tunnelIPStr)
+	if tunnelIP == nil {
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "invalid_tunnel_ip",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	service, err := s.getServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "error": err.Error()}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: service not found")
+		//nolint:nilerr
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "service_not_found",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	// Mirror ValidateSession: account-scoped (BYOP) proxy tokens may only
+	// validate and mint session cookies for their own account's domains.
+	if err := enforceAccountScope(ctx, service.AccountID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	peer, err := s.peersManager.GetPeerByTunnelIP(ctx, service.AccountID, tunnelIP)
+	if err != nil || peer == nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "tunnel_ip": tunnelIPStr}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: peer not found")
+		//nolint:nilerr
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "peer_not_found",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	_, peerGroups, err := s.peersManager.GetPeerWithGroups(ctx, service.AccountID, peer.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "peer_id": peer.ID, "error": err.Error()}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: peer groups lookup failed")
+		//nolint:nilerr
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        false,
+			DeniedReason: "peer_not_found",
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	groupIDs, groupNames := pairGroupIDsAndNames(peerGroups)
+	owner := s.resolvePeerOwner(ctx, peer, service.AccountID)
+	principalID, displayIdentity := s.getTunnelPeerInfo(ctx, domain, service, peer, owner)
+
+	if reason := peerOwnerDeniedReason(peer, owner); reason != "" {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "peer_id": peer.ID, "user_id": peer.UserID, "reason": reason}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: owner status denies access")
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:          false,
+			UserId:         principalID,
+			UserEmail:      displayIdentity,
+			DeniedReason:   reason,
+			PeerGroupIds:   groupIDs,
+			PeerGroupNames: groupNames,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := checkPeerGroupAccess(service, groupIDs); err != nil {
+		log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "peer_id": peer.ID, "error": err.Error()}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: access denied")
+		//nolint:nilerr
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:          false,
+			UserId:         principalID,
+			UserEmail:      displayIdentity,
+			DeniedReason:   "not_in_group",
+			PeerGroupIds:   groupIDs,
+			PeerGroupNames: groupNames,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	token, err := s.generateSessionToken(ctx, true, service, principalID, displayIdentity, proxyauth.MethodOIDC, groupIDs, groupNames)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	s.recordPeerSeen(ctx, service.AccountID, peer)
+
+	log.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"domain":       domain,
+		"tunnel_ip":    tunnelIPStr,
+		"peer_id":      peer.ID,
+		"principal_id": principalID,
+	}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: access granted")
+
+	return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+		Valid:          true,
+		UserId:         principalID,
+		UserEmail:      displayIdentity,
+		SessionToken:   token,
+		PeerGroupIds:   groupIDs,
+		PeerGroupNames: groupNames,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// recordPeerSeen hands the mesh request to the activity manager. The RPC must
+// not fail on it, so the error is logged and dropped here rather than returned.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) recordPeerSeen(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *peer.Peer) {
+	if s.activityManager == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := s.activityManager.RecordPeerSeen(ctx, accountID, peer); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("record proxy activity for peer %s: %v", peer.ID, err)
+	}
+}
+
+// resolvePeerOwner returns the user a peer is linked to, once per request so
+// the status gate and the identity resolution below share a single lookup.
+// Unlinked peers (machine agents) have no owner. A lookup that fails returns
+// nil rather than an error: both callers treat an unresolved owner the same
+// way, and neither may trust one it could not read.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) resolvePeerOwner(ctx context.Context, peer *peer.Peer, accountID string) *types.User {
+	if peer.UserID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	user, err := s.usersManager.GetUser(ctx, peer.UserID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("ValidateTunnelPeer: look up owner %s of peer %s: %v", peer.UserID, peer.ID, err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// The lookup is by user ID alone, so a peer row pointing outside the
+	// service's account would otherwise resolve a foreign user. Leave the owner
+	// unresolved instead: the gate denies it, and neither the response nor the
+	// minted token carries an identity from another account.
+	if !sameAccount(user.AccountID, accountID) {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("ValidateTunnelPeer: owner %s of peer %s belongs to another account", peer.UserID, peer.ID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return user
+}
+
+// peerOwnerDeniedReason gates the mesh fast-path on the account status of the
+// peer's owning user, so a user blocked after registering a peer loses
+// mesh-origin access too. Unlinked peers (machine agents) have no owner to gate
+// on and stay first-class callers. An owner the store cannot resolve denies:
+// an unavailable lookup must not grant access.
+func peerOwnerDeniedReason(peer *peer.Peer, owner *types.User) string {
+	if peer.UserID == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if owner == nil {
+		return deniedReasonUserNotFound
+	}
+
+	return userStatusDeniedReason(owner)
+}
+
+// getTunnelPeerInfo returns the principal ID and display name for a peer, e.g. a
+// user or peer ID, and peer name or user email. owner is the already-resolved
+// user the peer is linked to, or nil.
+func (s *ProxyServiceServer) getTunnelPeerInfo(ctx context.Context, domain string, service *rpservice.Service, peer *peer.Peer, owner *types.User) (string, string) {
+	// Resolve the principal: when the peer is linked to a user, the human is the
+	// principal so multiple peers owned by the same user share a single
+	// identity. Unlinked peers (machine agents) are their own principal keyed on
+	// peer.ID. displayIdentity is what upstream gateways tag spend with —
+	// user.Email when linked, peer.Name when not.
+
+	// If the peer isn't associated with a user, return the peer info directly.
+	if peer.UserID == "" {
+		return peer.ID, peer.Name
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise, if the peer is linked to a user, the user is the principal and
+	// if an IdP is available, we gather details on the user from it.
+	principalID := peer.UserID
+	displayIdentity := peer.Name
+	// Stored column first (cheap, but often empty for OIDC-provisioned users).
+	if owner != nil {
+		principalID = owner.Id
+		if owner.Email != "" {
+			displayIdentity = owner.Email
+		}
+	}
+	// IdP enrichment wins when available — the stored email column is a
+	// best-effort cache and is frequently empty for OIDC users. Enrichment
+	// failures must never fail the RPC; we simply keep the stored/peer identity.
+	if s.idpManager != nil {
+		if ud, uerr := s.idpManager.GetUserDataByID(ctx, peer.UserID, idp.AppMetadata{WTAccountID: service.AccountID}); uerr == nil && ud != nil && ud.Email != "" {
+			displayIdentity = ud.Email
+		} else if uerr != nil {
+			log.WithFields(log.Fields{"domain": domain, "user_id": peer.UserID, "error": uerr.Error()}).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer: IdP user enrichment failed; using stored/peer identity")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return principalID, displayIdentity
+}
+
+// checkPeerGroupAccess gates ValidateTunnelPeer by the service's required
+// groups. Private services authorise against AccessGroups (empty list fails
+// closed — Validate() rejects that at save time but the RPC is the security
+// boundary and must not trust upstream state). Bearer-auth services authorise
+// against DistributionGroups when populated. Non-private non-bearer services
+// are open.
+func checkPeerGroupAccess(service *rpservice.Service, peerGroupIDs []string) error {
+	if service.Private {
+		if len(service.AccessGroups) == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("private service has no access groups")
+		}
+		return matchAnyGroup(service.AccessGroups, peerGroupIDs)
+	}
+	if service.Auth.BearerAuth != nil && service.Auth.BearerAuth.Enabled && len(service.Auth.BearerAuth.DistributionGroups) > 0 {
+		return matchAnyGroup(service.Auth.BearerAuth.DistributionGroups, peerGroupIDs)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// matchAnyGroup returns nil when peerGroupIDs intersects allowedGroups,
+// else a non-nil error.
+func matchAnyGroup(allowedGroups, peerGroupIDs []string) error {
+	if len(allowedGroups) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no allowed groups configured")
+	}
+	allowed := make(map[string]struct{}, len(allowedGroups))
+	for _, g := range allowedGroups {
+		allowed[g] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, g := range peerGroupIDs {
+		if _, ok := allowed[g]; ok {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("peer not in allowed groups")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_address_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_address_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..824a57226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_address_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestIsProxyAddressValid(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		addr  string
+		valid bool
+	}{
+		{name: "valid domain", addr: "eu.proxy.netbird.io", valid: true},
+		{name: "valid subdomain", addr: "byop.proxy.example.com", valid: true},
+		{name: "valid IPv4", addr: "10.0.0.1", valid: true},
+		{name: "valid IPv4 public", addr: "203.0.113.10", valid: true},
+		{name: "valid IPv6", addr: "::1", valid: true},
+		{name: "valid IPv6 full", addr: "2001:db8::1", valid: true},
+		{name: "empty string", addr: "", valid: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.valid, isProxyAddressValid(tt.addr))
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_auth.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_auth.go
index dd593dfa0..9888e8eee 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_auth.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_auth.go
@@ -153,9 +153,6 @@ func (i *proxyAuthInterceptor) doValidateProxyToken(ctx context.Context) (*types
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unauthenticated, "invalid token")
 	}
 
-	// TODO: Enforce AccountID scope for "bring your own proxy" feature.
-	// Currently tokens are management-wide; AccountID field is reserved for future use.
-
 	if !token.IsValid() {
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unauthenticated, "token expired or revoked")
 	}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_clone_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_clone_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f00d40fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_clone_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// authTokenField is the only per-proxy field that shallowCloneMapping must NOT
+// copy from the source, since callers assign it individually after cloning.
+const authTokenField = "AuthToken"
+
+// TestShallowCloneMapping_ClonesAllFields populates every exported field of
+// ProxyMapping with a non-zero value and verifies the clone carries each one
+// (except AuthToken). It uses reflection so adding a new field to ProxyMapping
+// without updating shallowCloneMapping fails this test.
+func TestShallowCloneMapping_ClonesAllFields(t *testing.T) {
+	src := &proto.ProxyMapping{}
+	populated := populateExportedFields(t, reflect.ValueOf(src).Elem())
+	require.NotEmpty(t, populated, "ProxyMapping should expose fields to populate")
+
+	clone := shallowCloneMapping(src)
+	require.NotNil(t, clone, "clone must not be nil")
+
+	srcVal := reflect.ValueOf(src).Elem()
+	cloneVal := reflect.ValueOf(clone).Elem()
+
+	for _, name := range populated {
+		srcField := srcVal.FieldByName(name).Interface()
+		cloneField := cloneVal.FieldByName(name).Interface()
+
+		if name == authTokenField {
+			assert.Zero(t, cloneField, "AuthToken must not be cloned; it is set per proxy after cloning")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		assert.Equal(t, srcField, cloneField, "field %s must be carried over by shallowCloneMapping", name)
+	}
+}
+
+// populateExportedFields sets a non-zero value on every settable exported field
+// of the struct and returns their names.
+func populateExportedFields(t *testing.T, v reflect.Value) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	var names []string
+	typ := v.Type()
+	for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
+		field := v.Field(i)
+		structField := typ.Field(i)
+
+		if structField.PkgPath != "" || !field.CanSet() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		setNonZero(t, field, structField.Name)
+		names = append(names, structField.Name)
+	}
+	return names
+}
+
+// setNonZero assigns a deterministic non-zero value based on the field kind.
+func setNonZero(t *testing.T, field reflect.Value, name string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	switch field.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		field.SetString("non-zero-" + name)
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		field.SetBool(true)
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		field.SetInt(7)
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		field.SetUint(7)
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		field.Set(reflect.New(field.Type().Elem()))
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		field.Set(reflect.MakeSlice(field.Type(), 1, 1))
+	case reflect.Map:
+		field.Set(reflect.MakeMapWithSize(field.Type(), 0))
+	default:
+		t.Fatalf("unhandled field kind %s for field %s; extend setNonZero", field.Kind(), name)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_connect_authorizer_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_connect_authorizer_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0d196d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_connect_authorizer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// capturingAuthorizer records the arguments of the last AuthorizeProxyConnect
+// call and returns a fixed error.
+type capturingAuthorizer struct {
+	called  int
+	token   *types.ProxyAccessToken
+	proxyID string
+	address string
+	err     error
+}
+
+func (a *capturingAuthorizer) AuthorizeProxyConnect(_ context.Context, token *types.ProxyAccessToken, proxyID, address string) error {
+	a.called++
+	a.token = token
+	a.proxyID = proxyID
+	a.address = address
+	return a.err
+}
+
+// authorizerServer builds a ProxyServiceServer whose proxy manager reports
+// every cluster address as available, so the authorizer is the only thing
+// standing between a claim and success.
+func authorizerServer(t *testing.T) *ProxyServiceServer {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := proxy.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().IsClusterAddressAvailable(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(true, nil).AnyTimes()
+	return &ProxyServiceServer{proxyManager: mgr}
+}
+
+// TestValidateProxyConnect_NilAuthorizerUnchanged guards the no-behavior-change
+// claim: with no authorizer installed — the OSS default — a well-formed claim
+// succeeds and malformed input is rejected exactly as before the hook existed.
+func TestValidateProxyConnect_NilAuthorizerUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
+	s := authorizerServer(t)
+
+	params, err := s.validateProxyConnect("proxy-1", "cluster.example.com", scopedCtx("acc-1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "proxy-1", params.proxyID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "cluster.example.com", params.address)
+
+	_, err = s.validateProxyConnect("", "cluster.example.com", scopedCtx("acc-1"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.InvalidArgument, st.Code(), "missing proxy_id must stay InvalidArgument")
+
+	_, err = s.validateProxyConnect("proxy-1", "not a hostname", scopedCtx("acc-1"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok = grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.InvalidArgument, st.Code(), "invalid address must stay InvalidArgument")
+}
+
+// TestValidateProxyConnect_AuthorizerReceivesClaim pins the hook contract: the
+// authorizer sees the presented token and the claimed proxy ID and address,
+// and an authorized claim proceeds.
+func TestValidateProxyConnect_AuthorizerReceivesClaim(t *testing.T) {
+	s := authorizerServer(t)
+	auth := &capturingAuthorizer{}
+	s.SetProxyConnectAuthorizer(auth)
+
+	params, err := s.validateProxyConnect("proxy-1", "cluster.example.com", scopedCtx("acc-1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "cluster.example.com", params.address)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, auth.called, "authorizer must be consulted exactly once per connect")
+	assert.Equal(t, "proxy-1", auth.proxyID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "cluster.example.com", auth.address)
+	require.NotNil(t, auth.token, "the presented token must be handed to the authorizer")
+	require.NotNil(t, auth.token.AccountID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "acc-1", *auth.token.AccountID)
+}
+
+// TestValidateProxyConnect_PlainErrorBecomesPermissionDenied pins the error
+// mapping: a non-status error from the authorizer surfaces as
+// PermissionDenied — distinguishable from the AlreadyExists used for address
+// conflicts — and the claim does not proceed even though the address itself
+// was available.
+func TestValidateProxyConnect_PlainErrorBecomesPermissionDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	s := authorizerServer(t)
+	s.SetProxyConnectAuthorizer(&capturingAuthorizer{err: errors.New("not the assigned credential")})
+
+	_, err := s.validateProxyConnect("proxy-1", "cluster.example.com", scopedCtx("acc-1"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, st.Code())
+	assert.Contains(t, st.Message(), "not the assigned credential", "the authorizer's reason must survive into the status message")
+}
+
+// TestValidateProxyConnect_StatusErrorPassesThrough pins that an authorizer
+// which chooses its own status code is not second-guessed.
+func TestValidateProxyConnect_StatusErrorPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	s := authorizerServer(t)
+	s.SetProxyConnectAuthorizer(&capturingAuthorizer{
+		err: grpcstatus.Errorf(codes.ResourceExhausted, "try later"),
+	})
+
+	_, err := s.validateProxyConnect("proxy-1", "cluster.example.com", scopedCtx("acc-1"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.ResourceExhausted, st.Code(), "a status error must pass through unchanged")
+	assert.Equal(t, "try later", st.Message())
+}
+
+// TestValidateProxyConnect_AuthorizerSeesGlobalAndTokenlessConnects pins the
+// call-site placement: the authorizer sits outside the account-scoped branch,
+// so management-wide tokens (AccountID == nil) and connections without any
+// token are also presented to it rather than bypassing policy.
+func TestValidateProxyConnect_AuthorizerSeesGlobalAndTokenlessConnects(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &ProxyServiceServer{} // no proxy manager: neither path may reach the availability check
+
+	auth := &capturingAuthorizer{}
+	s.SetProxyConnectAuthorizer(auth)
+
+	_, err := s.validateProxyConnect("proxy-1", "cluster.example.com", globalCtx())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, auth.called, "a management-wide token must still be presented to the authorizer")
+	require.NotNil(t, auth.token)
+	assert.Nil(t, auth.token.AccountID)
+
+	_, err = s.validateProxyConnect("proxy-1", "cluster.example.com", context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, auth.called, "a token-less connect must still be presented to the authorizer")
+	assert.Nil(t, auth.token, "no token in context must surface as a nil token, not a zero value")
+}
+
+// TestValidateProxyConnect_AuthorizerRunsLast pins the ordering: input
+// validation and the availability check precede policy, so the authorizer is
+// never consulted about a claim that is malformed or already rejected.
+func TestValidateProxyConnect_AuthorizerRunsLast(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := proxy.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().IsClusterAddressAvailable(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(false, nil)
+	s := &ProxyServiceServer{proxyManager: mgr}
+
+	auth := &capturingAuthorizer{}
+	s.SetProxyConnectAuthorizer(auth)
+
+	_, err := s.validateProxyConnect("proxy-1", "not a hostname", scopedCtx("acc-1"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Zero(t, auth.called, "a malformed address must be rejected before policy runs")
+
+	_, err = s.validateProxyConnect("proxy-1", "cluster.example.com", scopedCtx("acc-1"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.AlreadyExists, st.Code(), "an address conflict must keep its own status")
+	assert.Zero(t, auth.called, "a conflicting address must be rejected before policy runs")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_group_access_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_group_access_test.go
index 0fa9a0dc1..5f0c31eb6 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_group_access_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_group_access_test.go
@@ -3,14 +3,20 @@ package grpc
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"net"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
 type mockReverseProxyManager struct {
@@ -53,6 +59,10 @@ func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) DeleteService(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) DeleteAccountCluster(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) SetCertificateIssuedAt(ctx context.Context, accountID, reverseProxyID string) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -91,16 +101,32 @@ func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) StopServiceFromPeer(_ context.Context, _, _, _
 
 func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) StartExposeReaper(_ context.Context) {}
 
-func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) GetServiceByDomain(_ context.Context, domain string) (*service.Service, error) {
+	if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	for _, services := range m.proxiesByAccount {
+		for _, svc := range services {
+			if svc.Domain == domain {
+				return svc, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("service not found for domain: " + domain)
+}
+
+func (m *mockReverseProxyManager) GetClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
 type mockUsersManager struct {
-	users map[string]*types.User
-	err   error
+	users        map[string]*types.User
+	err          error
+	getUserCalls int
 }
 
 func (m *mockUsersManager) GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, error) {
+	m.getUserCalls++
 	if m.err != nil {
 		return nil, m.err
 	}
@@ -111,6 +137,81 @@ func (m *mockUsersManager) GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.U
 	return user, nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockUsersManager) GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error) {
+	user, err := m.GetUser(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return user, nil, nil
+}
+
+// mockTunnelPeersManager implements only the two peers.Manager methods that
+// ValidateTunnelPeer calls; the embedded interface satisfies the rest (and
+// panics if any unexpected method is invoked).
+type mockTunnelPeersManager struct {
+	peers.Manager
+	peer      *peer.Peer
+	peerErr   error
+	groups    []*types.Group
+	groupsErr error
+}
+
+// mockActivityManager records what the RPC handed to the activity manager. The
+// policy (throttling, exclusions) is the manager's and is tested there; these
+// tests only pin which requests reach it.
+type mockActivityManager struct {
+	seenMarks []seenMark
+}
+
+type seenMark struct {
+	accountID string
+	peerID    string
+}
+
+func (m *mockActivityManager) RecordUserLogin(_ context.Context, _ string, _ *types.User) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockActivityManager) RecordPeerSeen(_ context.Context, accountID string, peer *peer.Peer) error {
+	m.seenMarks = append(m.seenMarks, seenMark{accountID: accountID, peerID: peer.ID})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockTunnelPeersManager) GetPeerByTunnelIP(_ context.Context, _ string, _ net.IP) (*peer.Peer, error) {
+	return m.peer, m.peerErr
+}
+
+func (m *mockTunnelPeersManager) GetPeerWithGroups(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (*peer.Peer, []*types.Group, error) {
+	return m.peer, m.groups, m.groupsErr
+}
+
+// mockTunnelIdpManager implements only GetUserDataByID; the embedded interface
+// satisfies the rest of idp.Manager. hasData==false returns (nil, nil) to model
+// an IdP that knows nothing about the user.
+type mockTunnelIdpManager struct {
+	idp.Manager
+	email    string
+	hasData  bool
+	err      error
+	gotCalls int
+	gotMeta  []idp.AppMetadata
+}
+
+func (m *mockTunnelIdpManager) GetUserDataByID(_ context.Context, userID string, meta idp.AppMetadata) (*idp.UserData, error) {
+	m.gotCalls++
+	m.gotMeta = append(m.gotMeta, meta)
+	if m.err != nil {
+		return nil, m.err
+	}
+	if !m.hasData {
+		// This might not be a thing any of the actual IDP implementations do,
+		// i.e. return a nil value with no error, but it seems valuable to test
+		// that behavior here.
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil
+	}
+	return &idp.UserData{ID: userID, Email: m.email}, nil
+}
+
 func TestValidateUserGroupAccess(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name             string
@@ -273,6 +374,64 @@ func TestValidateUserGroupAccess(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expectErr: false,
 		},
+		{
+			name:   "user pending approval denied despite group membership",
+			domain: "app.example.com",
+			userID: "user1",
+			proxiesByAccount: map[string][]*service.Service{
+				"account1": {{
+					Domain:    "app.example.com",
+					AccountID: "account1",
+					Auth: service.AuthConfig{
+						BearerAuth: &service.BearerAuthConfig{
+							Enabled:            true,
+							DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
+						},
+					},
+				}},
+			},
+			users: map[string]*types.User{
+				// The approval flow stores a pending user as blocked as well.
+				"user1": {Id: "user1", AccountID: "account1", AutoGroups: []string{"group1"}, Blocked: true, PendingApproval: true},
+			},
+			expectErr:    true,
+			expectErrMsg: "user pending approval",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "blocked user denied despite group membership",
+			domain: "app.example.com",
+			userID: "user1",
+			proxiesByAccount: map[string][]*service.Service{
+				"account1": {{
+					Domain:    "app.example.com",
+					AccountID: "account1",
+					Auth: service.AuthConfig{
+						BearerAuth: &service.BearerAuthConfig{
+							Enabled:            true,
+							DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
+						},
+					},
+				}},
+			},
+			users: map[string]*types.User{
+				"user1": {Id: "user1", AccountID: "account1", AutoGroups: []string{"group1"}, Blocked: true},
+			},
+			expectErr:    true,
+			expectErrMsg: "user blocked",
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "blocked user denied on a service with no auth configured",
+			domain: "app.example.com",
+			userID: "user1",
+			proxiesByAccount: map[string][]*service.Service{
+				"account1": {{Domain: "app.example.com", AccountID: "account1", Auth: service.AuthConfig{}}},
+			},
+			users: map[string]*types.User{
+				"user1": {Id: "user1", AccountID: "account1", Blocked: true},
+			},
+			expectErr:    true,
+			expectErrMsg: "user blocked",
+		},
 		{
 			name:             "proxy manager error",
 			domain:           "app.example.com",
@@ -328,6 +487,358 @@ func TestValidateUserGroupAccess(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestValidateTunnelPeerUserEmailEnrichment verifies the UserEmail/UserId
+// resolution in ValidateTunnelPeer, including the IdP-enrichment fallback order
+// (IdP email -> stored User.Email -> peer.Name).
+func TestValidateTunnelPeerUserEmailEnrichment(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		domain    = "app.example.com"
+		accountID = "account1"
+		peerID    = "peer1"
+		peerName  = "peer-display-name"
+		userID    = "user1"
+	)
+
+	storedUser := map[string]*types.User{userID: {Id: userID, AccountID: accountID, Email: "stored@example.com"}}
+	storedUserNoEmail := map[string]*types.User{userID: {Id: userID, AccountID: accountID, Email: ""}}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name               string
+		peerUserID         string
+		storedUsers        map[string]*types.User
+		storedErr          error
+		noIdP              bool
+		idpEmail           string
+		idpHasData         bool
+		idpErr             error
+		expectEmail        string
+		expectUserID       string
+		expectIdPHit       bool
+		expectDeniedReason string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "idp email wins over stored email",
+			peerUserID:   userID,
+			storedUsers:  storedUser,
+			idpEmail:     "idp@example.com",
+			idpHasData:   true,
+			expectEmail:  "idp@example.com",
+			expectUserID: userID,
+			expectIdPHit: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "stored email when idp returns empty email",
+			peerUserID:   userID,
+			storedUsers:  storedUser,
+			idpEmail:     "",
+			idpHasData:   true,
+			expectEmail:  "stored@example.com",
+			expectUserID: userID,
+			expectIdPHit: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "stored email when idp has no data",
+			peerUserID:   userID,
+			storedUsers:  storedUser,
+			idpHasData:   false,
+			expectEmail:  "stored@example.com",
+			expectUserID: userID,
+			expectIdPHit: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "stored email when idp errors",
+			peerUserID:   userID,
+			storedUsers:  storedUser,
+			idpErr:       errors.New("idp unreachable"),
+			expectEmail:  "stored@example.com",
+			expectUserID: userID,
+			expectIdPHit: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "stored email when no idp manager",
+			peerUserID:   userID,
+			storedUsers:  storedUser,
+			noIdP:        true,
+			expectEmail:  "stored@example.com",
+			expectUserID: userID,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "idp email when stored email is empty",
+			peerUserID:   userID,
+			storedUsers:  storedUserNoEmail,
+			idpEmail:     "idp@example.com",
+			idpHasData:   true,
+			expectEmail:  "idp@example.com",
+			expectUserID: userID,
+			expectIdPHit: true,
+		},
+		{
+			// The identity still resolves from the IdP, but an owner the store
+			// cannot resolve denies the fast-path rather than granting it.
+			name:               "idp email when stored user missing keeps peer.UserID as principal",
+			peerUserID:         userID,
+			storedUsers:        map[string]*types.User{},
+			idpEmail:           "idp@example.com",
+			idpHasData:         true,
+			expectEmail:        "idp@example.com",
+			expectUserID:       userID,
+			expectIdPHit:       true,
+			expectDeniedReason: deniedReasonUserNotFound,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "unlinked peer uses peer name and never consults idp",
+			peerUserID:   "",
+			storedUsers:  storedUser,
+			idpEmail:     "idp@example.com",
+			idpHasData:   true,
+			expectEmail:  peerName,
+			expectUserID: peerID,
+			expectIdPHit: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "linked peer with empty stored email and no idp falls back to peer name",
+			peerUserID:   userID,
+			storedUsers:  storedUserNoEmail,
+			noIdP:        true,
+			expectEmail:  peerName,
+			expectUserID: userID,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			svc := &service.Service{Domain: domain, AccountID: accountID}
+			server := &ProxyServiceServer{
+				serviceManager: &mockReverseProxyManager{
+					proxiesByAccount: map[string][]*service.Service{accountID: {svc}},
+				},
+				peersManager: &mockTunnelPeersManager{
+					peer: &peer.Peer{ID: peerID, Name: peerName, UserID: tt.peerUserID},
+				},
+				usersManager: &mockUsersManager{users: tt.storedUsers, err: tt.storedErr},
+			}
+
+			var idpMock *mockTunnelIdpManager
+			if !tt.noIdP {
+				idpMock = &mockTunnelIdpManager{email: tt.idpEmail, hasData: tt.idpHasData, err: tt.idpErr}
+				server.idpManager = idpMock
+			}
+
+			resp, err := server.ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Background(), &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest{
+				Domain:   domain,
+				TunnelIp: "100.64.0.1",
+			})
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, resp)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectDeniedReason == "", resp.GetValid(), "unexpected access decision")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectDeniedReason, resp.GetDeniedReason(), "unexpected denied reason")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectEmail, resp.GetUserEmail())
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectUserID, resp.GetUserId())
+			if tt.expectDeniedReason != "" {
+				assert.Empty(t, resp.GetSessionToken(), "a denied peer must not receive a session token")
+			}
+
+			if idpMock != nil {
+				if tt.expectIdPHit {
+					assert.Equal(t, 1, idpMock.gotCalls, "expected IdP to be consulted")
+					require.Len(t, idpMock.gotMeta, 1)
+					assert.Equal(t, accountID, idpMock.gotMeta[0].WTAccountID)
+				} else {
+					assert.Equal(t, 0, idpMock.gotCalls, "expected IdP to not be consulted")
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestDeniedReasonValues pins the wire values of the account status denied
+// reasons. The proxy logs them and operators filter access logs on them, so a
+// rename is a breaking change rather than an internal detail.
+// TestSameAccount pins the fail-closed behaviour of the account binding: an
+// unset account on either side must never compare equal into a grant.
+func TestSameAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.True(t, sameAccount("account1", "account1"), "matching accounts should bind")
+	assert.False(t, sameAccount("account1", "account2"), "different accounts must not bind")
+	assert.False(t, sameAccount("", ""), "two unset accounts must not bind")
+	assert.False(t, sameAccount("account1", ""), "an unset service account must not bind")
+	assert.False(t, sameAccount("", "account1"), "an unset user account must not bind")
+}
+
+func TestDeniedReasonValues(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, "pending_approval", deniedReasonPendingApproval, "pending approval denied reason wire value")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user_blocked", deniedReasonUserBlocked, "blocked user denied reason wire value")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user_not_found", deniedReasonUserNotFound, "unresolved user denied reason wire value")
+}
+
+// TestValidateTunnelPeerOwnerStatus verifies that the mesh fast-path gates on
+// the account status of the peer's owning user. A peer whose owner was blocked
+// after the peer registered must lose access, while an unlinked machine peer
+// keeps it.
+func TestValidateTunnelPeerOwnerStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		domain    = "app.example.com"
+		accountID = "account1"
+		peerID    = "peer1"
+		peerName  = "peer-display-name"
+		userID    = "user1"
+	)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name               string
+		peerUserID         string
+		owner              *types.User
+		expectDeniedReason string
+		expectEmail        string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "active owner allowed",
+			peerUserID: userID,
+			owner:      &types.User{Id: userID, AccountID: accountID, Email: "user@example.com"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "owner pending approval denied",
+			peerUserID:         userID,
+			owner:              &types.User{Id: userID, AccountID: accountID, Email: "user@example.com", Blocked: true, PendingApproval: true},
+			expectDeniedReason: deniedReasonPendingApproval,
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "owner blocked after registering the peer denied",
+			peerUserID:         userID,
+			owner:              &types.User{Id: userID, AccountID: accountID, Email: "user@example.com", Blocked: true},
+			expectDeniedReason: deniedReasonUserBlocked,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "unlinked machine peer stays allowed",
+			peerUserID: "",
+			owner:      &types.User{Id: userID, AccountID: accountID, Blocked: true},
+		},
+		{
+			// The user lookup is not account-scoped, so a peer row pointing at
+			// another account's user must not resolve into an owner: the peer is
+			// denied and the foreign email never reaches the response.
+			name:               "owner in another account denied and not disclosed",
+			peerUserID:         userID,
+			owner:              &types.User{Id: userID, AccountID: "otherAccount", Email: "foreign@example.com"},
+			expectDeniedReason: deniedReasonUserNotFound,
+			expectEmail:        peerName,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			svc := &service.Service{Domain: domain, AccountID: accountID}
+			usersManager := &mockUsersManager{users: map[string]*types.User{userID: tt.owner}}
+			server := &ProxyServiceServer{
+				serviceManager: &mockReverseProxyManager{
+					proxiesByAccount: map[string][]*service.Service{accountID: {svc}},
+				},
+				peersManager: &mockTunnelPeersManager{
+					peer: &peer.Peer{ID: peerID, Name: peerName, UserID: tt.peerUserID},
+				},
+				usersManager: usersManager,
+			}
+
+			resp, err := server.ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Background(), &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest{
+				Domain:   domain,
+				TunnelIp: "100.64.0.1",
+			})
+
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, resp)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectDeniedReason, resp.GetDeniedReason(), "unexpected denied reason")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectDeniedReason == "", resp.GetValid(), "unexpected access decision")
+			if tt.expectDeniedReason != "" {
+				assert.Empty(t, resp.GetSessionToken(), "a denied peer must not receive a session token")
+			}
+
+			if tt.expectEmail != "" {
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.expectEmail, resp.GetUserEmail(), "unexpected identity on the response")
+			}
+
+			// The status gate and the identity resolution share one lookup;
+			// an unlinked peer has no owner to look up at all.
+			wantLookups := 1
+			if tt.peerUserID == "" {
+				wantLookups = 0
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, wantLookups, usersManager.getUserCalls, "owner must be resolved exactly once per request")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestValidateTunnelPeerRecordsActivity pins that a granted mesh request is
+// handed to the activity manager. Which of those the manager then writes is its
+// own decision, covered by its tests.
+func TestValidateTunnelPeerRecordsActivity(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		domain    = "app.example.com"
+		accountID = "account1"
+		peerID    = "peer1"
+	)
+
+	activityManager := &mockActivityManager{}
+	server := &ProxyServiceServer{
+		activityManager: activityManager,
+		serviceManager: &mockReverseProxyManager{
+			proxiesByAccount: map[string][]*service.Service{
+				accountID: {{Domain: domain, AccountID: accountID}},
+			},
+		},
+		peersManager: &mockTunnelPeersManager{
+			peer: &peer.Peer{ID: peerID, Name: "agent", Status: &peer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now().Add(-3 * time.Hour)}},
+		},
+		usersManager: &mockUsersManager{users: map[string]*types.User{}},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := server.ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Background(), &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest{
+		Domain:   domain,
+		TunnelIp: "100.64.0.1",
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, resp.GetValid(), "peer should be granted access")
+
+	require.Len(t, activityManager.seenMarks, 1, "a granted peer should reach the activity manager once")
+	assert.Equal(t, accountID, activityManager.seenMarks[0].accountID, "activity must be attributed to the service account")
+	assert.Equal(t, peerID, activityManager.seenMarks[0].peerID, "activity must be attributed to the calling peer")
+}
+
+// TestValidateTunnelPeerDeniedRecordsNoActivity keeps the write on the granted
+// path only: a refused peer is not evidence its owner was active.
+func TestValidateTunnelPeerDeniedRecordsNoActivity(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		domain    = "app.example.com"
+		accountID = "account1"
+	)
+
+	activityManager := &mockActivityManager{}
+	server := &ProxyServiceServer{
+		activityManager: activityManager,
+		serviceManager: &mockReverseProxyManager{
+			proxiesByAccount: map[string][]*service.Service{
+				accountID: {{Domain: domain, AccountID: accountID}},
+			},
+		},
+		peersManager: &mockTunnelPeersManager{
+			peer: &peer.Peer{ID: "peer1", Name: "agent", UserID: "user1", Status: &peer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now().Add(-3 * time.Hour)}},
+		},
+		// The owner is blocked, so the tunnel gate denies before the mint.
+		usersManager: &mockUsersManager{users: map[string]*types.User{
+			"user1": {Id: "user1", AccountID: accountID, Blocked: true},
+		}},
+	}
+
+	resp, err := server.ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Background(), &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest{
+		Domain:   domain,
+		TunnelIp: "100.64.0.1",
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, resp.GetValid(), "blocked owner should be denied")
+	assert.Empty(t, activityManager.seenMarks, "a denied peer must not be marked seen")
+}
+
 func TestGetAccountProxyByDomain(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name             string
@@ -402,3 +913,46 @@ func TestGetAccountProxyByDomain(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCheckPeerGroupAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("private with empty AccessGroups denies", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{Private: true, AccessGroups: nil}
+		err := checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-admins"})
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "no access groups")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("private with peer in AccessGroups allows", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{Private: true, AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}}
+		assert.NoError(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-other", "grp-ops"}))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("private with peer outside AccessGroups denies", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{Private: true, AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"}}
+		assert.Error(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-other"}))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bearer enabled with empty DistributionGroups allows", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{
+			Auth: service.AuthConfig{BearerAuth: &service.BearerAuthConfig{Enabled: true}},
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-anyone"}))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("bearer enabled gates on DistributionGroups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		svc := &service.Service{
+			Auth: service.AuthConfig{
+				BearerAuth: &service.BearerAuthConfig{
+					Enabled:            true,
+					DistributionGroups: []string{"grp-allowed"},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		assert.NoError(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-allowed"}))
+		assert.Error(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(svc, []string{"grp-other"}))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-private non-bearer is open", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.NoError(t, checkPeerGroupAccess(&service.Service{}, nil))
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_llm_policy_limits_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_llm_policy_limits_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c293c39ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_llm_policy_limits_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// fakeAgentNetworkLimits records the PolicySelectionInput it was invoked with
+// and returns a pre-programmed result, so tests can assert what the handler
+// forwards to the selector.
+type fakeAgentNetworkLimits struct {
+	gotInput agentnetwork.PolicySelectionInput
+	result   *agentnetwork.PolicySelectionResult
+	err      error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeAgentNetworkLimits) SelectPolicyForRequest(_ context.Context, in agentnetwork.PolicySelectionInput) (*agentnetwork.PolicySelectionResult, error) {
+	f.gotInput = in
+	if f.err != nil {
+		return nil, f.err
+	}
+	return f.result, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeAgentNetworkLimits) RecordUsage(_ context.Context, _ agentnetwork.RecordUsageInput) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_ForwardsModelToSelector proves the wiring added here:
+// the model the proxy extracted must reach the selector's Model unchanged,
+// alongside the account/user/group/provider fields.
+func TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_ForwardsModelToSelector(t *testing.T) {
+	fake := &fakeAgentNetworkLimits{result: &agentnetwork.PolicySelectionResult{Allow: true, SelectedPolicyID: "pol-1"}}
+	s := &ProxyServiceServer{}
+	s.SetAgentNetworkLimitsService(fake)
+
+	req := &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest{
+		AccountId:  "acc-1",
+		UserId:     "user-1",
+		GroupIds:   []string{"grp-a", "grp-b"},
+		ProviderId: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "claude-opus-4",
+	}
+
+	resp, err := s.CheckLLMPolicyLimits(context.Background(), req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "acc-1", fake.gotInput.AccountID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-1", fake.gotInput.UserID)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-a", "grp-b"}, fake.gotInput.GroupIDs)
+	assert.Equal(t, "prov-1", fake.gotInput.ProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-opus-4", fake.gotInput.Model,
+		"the request's model must be forwarded to the selector")
+}
+
+// TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_EmptyModelForwardedAsEmpty proves an undetermined
+// model (empty string) is forwarded as-is; the selector decides how to treat it.
+func TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_EmptyModelForwardedAsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	fake := &fakeAgentNetworkLimits{result: &agentnetwork.PolicySelectionResult{Allow: true}}
+	s := &ProxyServiceServer{}
+	s.SetAgentNetworkLimitsService(fake)
+
+	req := &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest{
+		AccountId:  "acc-1",
+		ProviderId: "prov-1",
+	}
+
+	_, err := s.CheckLLMPolicyLimits(context.Background(), req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", fake.gotInput.Model, "an absent model must be forwarded as empty, not fabricated")
+}
+
+// TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_DenyResponseCarriesModelBlockedCode proves the deny
+// envelope surfaces the model-allowlist deny code + reason through the response.
+func TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_DenyResponseCarriesModelBlockedCode(t *testing.T) {
+	fake := &fakeAgentNetworkLimits{result: &agentnetwork.PolicySelectionResult{
+		Allow:      false,
+		DenyCode:   "llm_policy.model_blocked",
+		DenyReason: `model "claude-opus-4" is not permitted by any applicable policy allowlist`,
+	}}
+	s := &ProxyServiceServer{}
+	s.SetAgentNetworkLimitsService(fake)
+
+	resp, err := s.CheckLLMPolicyLimits(context.Background(), &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest{
+		AccountId:  "acc-1",
+		ProviderId: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "claude-opus-4",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp)
+	assert.Equal(t, "deny", resp.Decision)
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_blocked", resp.DenyCode)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, resp.DenyReason)
+	assert.Empty(t, resp.SelectedPolicyId, "a denied request must carry no selected policy")
+}
+
+// TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_SelectorErrorSurfacesAsInternal proves a selector
+// failure surfaces as an Internal gRPC error rather than a silent allow.
+func TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_SelectorErrorSurfacesAsInternal(t *testing.T) {
+	fake := &fakeAgentNetworkLimits{err: errors.New("boom")}
+	s := &ProxyServiceServer{}
+	s.SetAgentNetworkLimitsService(fake)
+
+	_, err := s.CheckLLMPolicyLimits(context.Background(), &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest{
+		AccountId:  "acc-1",
+		ProviderId: "prov-1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4o",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.Internal, st.Code(), "selector errors must never fail open on the hot path")
+}
+
+// TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_UnconfiguredServiceReturnsUnimplemented locks the
+// fallback: with no limits service wired the RPC returns Unimplemented.
+func TestCheckLLMPolicyLimits_UnconfiguredServiceReturnsUnimplemented(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &ProxyServiceServer{}
+
+	_, err := s.CheckLLMPolicyLimits(context.Background(), &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest{
+		AccountId:  "acc-1",
+		ProviderId: "prov-1",
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.Unimplemented, st.Code())
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_snapshot_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_snapshot_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b84a849e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_snapshot_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// recordingStream captures all messages sent via Send so tests can inspect
+// batching behaviour without a real gRPC transport.
+type recordingStream struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+	messages []*proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse
+}
+
+func (s *recordingStream) Send(m *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse) error {
+	s.messages = append(s.messages, m)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *recordingStream) Context() context.Context     { return context.Background() }
+func (s *recordingStream) SetHeader(metadata.MD) error  { return nil }
+func (s *recordingStream) SendHeader(metadata.MD) error { return nil }
+func (s *recordingStream) SetTrailer(metadata.MD)       {}
+func (s *recordingStream) SendMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+func (s *recordingStream) RecvMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+
+// makeServices creates n enabled services assigned to the given cluster.
+func makeServices(n int, cluster string) []*rpservice.Service {
+	services := make([]*rpservice.Service, n)
+	for i := range n {
+		services[i] = &rpservice.Service{
+			ID:           fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d", i),
+			AccountID:    "acct-1",
+			Name:         fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d", i),
+			Domain:       fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.example.com", i),
+			ProxyCluster: cluster,
+			Enabled:      true,
+			Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+				{TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypeHost, TargetId: "host-1"},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	return services
+}
+
+func newSnapshotTestServer(t *testing.T, batchSize int) *ProxyServiceServer {
+	t.Helper()
+	s := &ProxyServiceServer{
+		tokenStore:        NewOneTimeTokenStore(context.Background(), testCacheStore(t)),
+		snapshotBatchSize: batchSize,
+	}
+	s.SetProxyController(newTestProxyController())
+	return s
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshot_BatchesMappings(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 3
+	const totalServices = 7 // 3 + 3 + 1
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &recordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID: "proxy-a",
+		address: cluster,
+		stream:  stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshot(context.Background(), conn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Expect ceil(7/3) = 3 messages
+	require.Len(t, stream.messages, 3, "should send ceil(totalServices/batchSize) messages")
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.messages[0].Mapping, 3)
+	assert.False(t, stream.messages[0].InitialSyncComplete, "first batch should not be sync-complete")
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.messages[1].Mapping, 3)
+	assert.False(t, stream.messages[1].InitialSyncComplete, "middle batch should not be sync-complete")
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.messages[2].Mapping, 1)
+	assert.True(t, stream.messages[2].InitialSyncComplete, "last batch must be sync-complete")
+
+	// Verify all service IDs are present exactly once
+	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, msg := range stream.messages {
+		for _, m := range msg.Mapping {
+			assert.False(t, seen[m.Id], "duplicate service ID %s", m.Id)
+			seen[m.Id] = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Len(t, seen, totalServices)
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshot_ExactBatchMultiple(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 3
+	const totalServices = 6 // exactly 2 batches
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &recordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{proxyID: "proxy-a", address: cluster, stream: stream}
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.sendSnapshot(context.Background(), conn))
+	require.Len(t, stream.messages, 2)
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.messages[0].Mapping, 3)
+	assert.False(t, stream.messages[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.messages[1].Mapping, 3)
+	assert.True(t, stream.messages[1].InitialSyncComplete)
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshot_SingleBatch(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 100
+	const totalServices = 5
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &recordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{proxyID: "proxy-a", address: cluster, stream: stream}
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.sendSnapshot(context.Background(), conn))
+	require.Len(t, stream.messages, 1, "all mappings should fit in one batch")
+	assert.Len(t, stream.messages[0].Mapping, totalServices)
+	assert.True(t, stream.messages[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshot_EmptySnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(nil, nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, 500)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &recordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{proxyID: "proxy-a", address: cluster, stream: stream}
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.sendSnapshot(context.Background(), conn))
+	require.Len(t, stream.messages, 1, "empty snapshot must still send sync-complete")
+	assert.Empty(t, stream.messages[0].Mapping)
+	assert.True(t, stream.messages[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+}
+
+type hookingStream struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+	onSend func(*proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse)
+}
+
+func (s *hookingStream) Send(m *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse) error {
+	if s.onSend != nil {
+		s.onSend(m)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *hookingStream) Context() context.Context     { return context.Background() }
+func (s *hookingStream) SetHeader(metadata.MD) error  { return nil }
+func (s *hookingStream) SendHeader(metadata.MD) error { return nil }
+func (s *hookingStream) SetTrailer(metadata.MD)       {}
+func (s *hookingStream) SendMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+func (s *hookingStream) RecvMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+
+func TestSendSnapshot_TokensRemainValidUnderSlowSend(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 2
+	const totalServices = 6
+	const ttl = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	const sendDelay = 200 * time.Millisecond
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+	s.tokenTTL = ttl
+
+	var validateErrs []error
+	stream := &hookingStream{
+		onSend: func(resp *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse) {
+			for _, m := range resp.Mapping {
+				if err := s.tokenStore.ValidateAndConsume(m.AuthToken, m.AccountId, m.Id); err != nil {
+					validateErrs = append(validateErrs, fmt.Errorf("svc %s: %w", m.Id, err))
+				}
+			}
+			time.Sleep(sendDelay)
+		},
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{proxyID: "proxy-a", address: cluster, stream: stream}
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.sendSnapshot(context.Background(), conn))
+	require.Empty(t, validateErrs,
+		"tokens must remain valid even when batches are sent slowly: lazy per-batch generation guarantees freshness")
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_test.go
index de4e96d93..29b7c9523 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/proxy_test.go
@@ -9,16 +9,18 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	cachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
-func testCacheStore(t *testing.T) cachestore.StoreInterface {
+func testCacheStore(t *testing.T) nbcache.Store {
 	t.Helper()
 	s, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), 30*time.Minute, 10*time.Minute, 100)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -85,11 +87,14 @@ func registerFakeProxy(s *ProxyServiceServer, proxyID, clusterAddr string) chan
 // registerFakeProxyWithCaps adds a fake proxy connection with explicit capabilities.
 func registerFakeProxyWithCaps(s *ProxyServiceServer, proxyID, clusterAddr string, caps *proto.ProxyCapabilities) chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse {
 	ch := make(chan *proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse, 10)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	conn := &proxyConnection{
 		proxyID:      proxyID,
 		address:      clusterAddr,
 		capabilities: caps,
 		sendChan:     ch,
+		ctx:          ctx,
+		cancel:       cancel,
 	}
 	s.connectedProxies.Store(proxyID, conn)
 
@@ -313,6 +318,58 @@ func TestValidateState_RejectsOldTwoPartFormat(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid state format")
 }
 
+func scopedCtx(accountID string) context.Context {
+	token := &types.ProxyAccessToken{
+		ID:        "token-1",
+		AccountID: &accountID,
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(context.Background(), ProxyTokenContextKey, token)
+}
+
+func globalCtx() context.Context {
+	token := &types.ProxyAccessToken{
+		ID: "token-global",
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(context.Background(), ProxyTokenContextKey, token)
+}
+
+func TestEnforceAccountScope_AllowsMatchingAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	err := enforceAccountScope(scopedCtx("acc-1"), "acc-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestEnforceAccountScope_BlocksMismatchedAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	err := enforceAccountScope(scopedCtx("acc-1"), "acc-2")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, st.Code())
+}
+
+func TestEnforceAccountScope_BlocksEmptyRequestAccountID(t *testing.T) {
+	err := enforceAccountScope(scopedCtx("acc-1"), "")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.PermissionDenied, st.Code())
+}
+
+func TestEnforceAccountScope_AllowsGlobalToken(t *testing.T) {
+	err := enforceAccountScope(globalCtx(), "acc-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = enforceAccountScope(globalCtx(), "acc-2")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = enforceAccountScope(globalCtx(), "")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestEnforceAccountScope_AllowsNoTokenInContext(t *testing.T) {
+	err := enforceAccountScope(context.Background(), "acc-1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
 func TestValidateState_RejectsInvalidHMAC(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	pkceStore := NewPKCEVerifierStore(ctx, testCacheStore(t))
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go
index 6e8358f02..a9cc0ad36 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/server.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	jwtv5 "github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
 	pb "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto" // nolint
 	"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes/timestamp"
 	"github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware/v2/interceptors/realip"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/common"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
 	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
@@ -40,10 +42,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/auth"
 	nbContext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	internalStatus "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ type Server struct {
 	appMetrics     telemetry.AppMetrics
 	peerLocks      sync.Map
 	authManager    auth.Manager
+	sessionStore   *auth.SessionStore
 
 	logBlockedPeers          bool
 	blockPeersWithSameConfig bool
@@ -98,6 +101,7 @@ func NewServer(
 	integratedPeerValidator integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator,
 	networkMapController network_map.Controller,
 	oAuthConfigProvider idp.OAuthConfigProvider,
+	sessionStore *auth.SessionStore,
 ) (*Server, error) {
 	if appMetrics != nil {
 		// update gauge based on number of connected peers which is equal to open gRPC streams
@@ -140,6 +144,7 @@ func NewServer(
 		integratedPeerValidator:  integratedPeerValidator,
 		networkMapController:     networkMapController,
 		oAuthConfigProvider:      oAuthConfigProvider,
+		sessionStore:             sessionStore,
 
 		loginFilter: newLoginFilter(),
 
@@ -241,17 +246,9 @@ func (s *Server) Sync(req *proto.EncryptedMessage, srv proto.ManagementService_S
 	realIP := getRealIP(ctx)
 	sRealIP := realIP.String()
 	peerMeta := extractPeerMeta(ctx, syncReq.GetMeta())
-	userID, err := s.accountManager.GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx, peerKey.String())
-	if err != nil {
-		s.syncSem.Add(-1)
-		if errStatus, ok := internalStatus.FromError(err); ok && errStatus.Type() == internalStatus.NotFound {
-			return status.Errorf(codes.PermissionDenied, "peer is not registered")
-		}
-		return mapError(ctx, err)
-	}
 
-	metahashed := metaHash(peerMeta, sRealIP)
-	if userID == "" && !s.loginFilter.allowLogin(peerKey.String(), metahashed) {
+	metahashed := metaHash(peerMeta)
+	if !s.loginFilter.allowLogin(peerKey.String(), metahashed) {
 		if s.appMetrics != nil {
 			s.appMetrics.GRPCMetrics().CountSyncRequestBlocked()
 		}
@@ -302,7 +299,7 @@ func (s *Server) Sync(req *proto.EncryptedMessage, srv proto.ManagementService_S
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("peer system meta has to be provided on sync. Peer %s, remote addr %s", peerKey.String(), realIP)
 	}
 
-	metahash := metaHash(peerMeta, realIP.String())
+	metahash := metaHash(peerMeta)
 	s.loginFilter.addLogin(peerKey.String(), metahash)
 
 	peer, netMap, postureChecks, dnsFwdPort, err := s.accountManager.SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx, accountID, peerKey.String(), peerMeta, realIP, syncStart)
@@ -433,7 +430,7 @@ func (s *Server) handleUpdates(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerKey wg
 				return nil
 			}
 
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("received an update for peer %s", peerKey.String())
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("received an update for peer %s", peerKey.String())
 			if debouncer.ProcessUpdate(update) {
 				// Send immediately (first update or after quiet period)
 				if err := s.sendUpdate(ctx, accountID, peerKey, peer, update, srv, streamStartTime); err != nil {
@@ -488,7 +485,7 @@ func (s *Server) sendUpdate(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerKey wgtyp
 		s.cancelPeerRoutines(ctx, accountID, peer, streamStartTime)
 		return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed sending update message")
 	}
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("sent an update to peer %s", peerKey.String())
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("sent an update to peer %s", peerKey.String())
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -518,10 +515,11 @@ func (s *Server) sendJob(ctx context.Context, peerKey wgtypes.Key, job *job.Even
 }
 
 func (s *Server) cancelPeerRoutines(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, streamStartTime time.Time) {
-	unlock := s.acquirePeerLockByUID(ctx, peer.Key)
+	uncanceledCTX := context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
+	unlock := s.acquirePeerLockByUID(uncanceledCTX, peer.Key)
 	defer unlock()
 
-	s.cancelPeerRoutinesWithoutLock(ctx, accountID, peer, streamStartTime)
+	s.cancelPeerRoutinesWithoutLock(uncanceledCTX, accountID, peer, streamStartTime)
 }
 
 func (s *Server) cancelPeerRoutinesWithoutLock(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, streamStartTime time.Time) {
@@ -535,7 +533,7 @@ func (s *Server) cancelPeerRoutinesWithoutLock(ctx context.Context, accountID st
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer %s has been disconnected", peer.Key)
 }
 
-func (s *Server) validateToken(ctx context.Context, jwtToken string) (string, error) {
+func (s *Server) validateToken(ctx context.Context, peerKey, jwtToken string) (string, error) {
 	if s.authManager == nil {
 		return "", status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "missing auth manager")
 	}
@@ -545,6 +543,10 @@ func (s *Server) validateToken(ctx context.Context, jwtToken string) (string, er
 		return "", status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "invalid jwt token, err: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := s.claimLoginToken(ctx, peerKey, jwtToken, token); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
 	// we need to call this method because if user is new, we will automatically add it to existing or create a new account
 	accountId, _, err := s.accountManager.GetAccountIDFromUserAuth(ctx, userAuth)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -665,6 +667,7 @@ func extractPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, meta *proto.PeerSystemMeta) nbpeer.Pee
 			RosenpassEnabled:      meta.GetFlags().GetRosenpassEnabled(),
 			RosenpassPermissive:   meta.GetFlags().GetRosenpassPermissive(),
 			ServerSSHAllowed:      meta.GetFlags().GetServerSSHAllowed(),
+			RemoteJobsAllowed:     meta.GetFlags().GetRemoteJobsAllowed(),
 			DisableClientRoutes:   meta.GetFlags().GetDisableClientRoutes(),
 			DisableServerRoutes:   meta.GetFlags().GetDisableServerRoutes(),
 			DisableDNS:            meta.GetFlags().GetDisableDNS(),
@@ -672,11 +675,22 @@ func extractPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, meta *proto.PeerSystemMeta) nbpeer.Pee
 			BlockLANAccess:        meta.GetFlags().GetBlockLANAccess(),
 			BlockInbound:          meta.GetFlags().GetBlockInbound(),
 			LazyConnectionEnabled: meta.GetFlags().GetLazyConnectionEnabled(),
+			DisableIPv6:           meta.GetFlags().GetDisableIPv6(),
 		},
-		Files: files,
+		Files:              files,
+		Capabilities:       capabilitiesToInt32(meta.GetCapabilities()),
+		SyncMessageVersion: int(meta.GetSyncMessageVersion()),
 	}
 }
 
+func capabilitiesToInt32(caps []proto.PeerCapability) []int32 {
+	result := make([]int32, len(caps))
+	for i, c := range caps {
+		result[i] = int32(c)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
 func (s *Server) parseRequest(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage, parsed pb.Message) (wgtypes.Key, error) {
 	peerKey, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(req.GetWgPubKey())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -713,7 +727,7 @@ func (s *Server) Login(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*proto
 	}
 
 	peerMeta := extractPeerMeta(ctx, loginReq.GetMeta())
-	metahashed := metaHash(peerMeta, sRealIP)
+	metahashed := metaHash(peerMeta)
 	if !s.loginFilter.allowLogin(peerKey.String(), metahashed) {
 		if s.logBlockedPeers {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("peer %s with meta hash %d is blocked from login", peerKey.String(), metahashed)
@@ -759,7 +773,7 @@ func (s *Server) Login(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*proto
 		sshKey = loginReq.GetPeerKeys().GetSshPubKey()
 	}
 
-	peer, netMap, postureChecks, err := s.accountManager.LoginPeer(ctx, types.PeerLogin{
+	peer, network, postureChecks, enableSSH, err := s.accountManager.LoginPeer(ctx, types.PeerLogin{
 		WireGuardPubKey: peerKey.String(),
 		SSHKey:          string(sshKey),
 		Meta:            peerMeta,
@@ -769,11 +783,15 @@ func (s *Server) Login(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*proto
 		ExtraDNSLabels:  loginReq.GetDnsLabels(),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed logging in peer %s: %s", peerKey, err)
+		if errors.Is(err, internalStatus.ErrNoAuthMethodProvided) {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("failed logging in peer %s: %s", peerKey, err)
+		} else {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed logging in peer %s: %s", peerKey, err)
+		}
 		return nil, mapError(ctx, err)
 	}
 
-	loginResp, err := s.prepareLoginResponse(ctx, peer, netMap, postureChecks)
+	loginResp, err := s.prepareLoginResponse(ctx, peer, network, postureChecks, enableSSH)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed preparing login response for peer %s: %s", peerKey, err)
 		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed logging in peer")
@@ -802,7 +820,81 @@ func (s *Server) Login(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*proto
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (s *Server) prepareLoginResponse(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer, netMap *types.NetworkMap, postureChecks []*posture.Checks) (*proto.LoginResponse, error) {
+// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's SSO session expiry deadline using a
+// fresh JWT. The same JWT validation pipeline as Login is used. The tunnel
+// stays up; no network map sync is performed. The new deadline is returned
+// in ExtendAuthSessionResponse.SessionExpiresAt.
+func (s *Server) ExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*proto.EncryptedMessage, error) {
+	extendReq := &proto.ExtendAuthSessionRequest{}
+	peerKey, err := s.parseRequest(ctx, req, extendReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	//nolint
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, nbContext.PeerIDKey, peerKey.String())
+	if accountID, accErr := s.accountManager.GetAccountIDForPeerKey(ctx, peerKey.String()); accErr == nil {
+		//nolint
+		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, nbContext.AccountIDKey, accountID)
+	}
+
+	jwt := extendReq.GetJwtToken()
+	if jwt == "" {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.InvalidArgument, "jwt token is required")
+	}
+
+	var userID string
+	const attempts = 3
+	for i := 0; i < attempts; i++ {
+		userID, err = s.validateToken(ctx, peerKey.String(), jwt)
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if i == attempts-1 {
+			break
+		}
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed validating JWT token while extending session for peer %s: %v. Retrying (idP cache).", peerKey.String(), err)
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if userID == "" {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unauthenticated, "jwt token did not yield a user id")
+	}
+
+	deadline, err := s.accountManager.ExtendPeerSession(ctx, peerKey.String(), userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed extending session for peer %s: %v", peerKey.String(), err)
+		return nil, mapError(ctx, err)
+	}
+
+	// Success path normally returns a non-zero deadline. A defensive zero
+	// would still encode as the explicit "disabled" sentinel rather than nil,
+	// so the client clears any stale anchor instead of preserving it.
+	resp := &proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse{
+		SessionExpiresAt: encodeSessionExpiresAt(deadline),
+	}
+
+	wgKey, err := s.secretsManager.GetWGKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed processing request")
+	}
+	encrypted, err := encryption.EncryptMessage(peerKey, wgKey, resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed encrypting response")
+	}
+	return &proto.EncryptedMessage{
+		WgPubKey: wgKey.PublicKey().String(),
+		Body:     encrypted,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Server) prepareLoginResponse(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer, network *types.Network, postureChecks []*nmdata.PostureChecks, enableSSH bool) (*proto.LoginResponse, error) {
 	var relayToken *Token
 	var err error
 	if s.config.Relay != nil && len(s.config.Relay.Addresses) > 0 {
@@ -820,14 +912,45 @@ func (s *Server) prepareLoginResponse(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer, ne
 
 	// if peer has reached this point then it has logged in
 	loginResp := &proto.LoginResponse{
-		NetbirdConfig: toNetbirdConfig(s.config, nil, relayToken, nil),
-		PeerConfig:    toPeerConfig(peer, netMap.Network, s.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(settings), settings, s.config.HttpConfig, s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, netMap.EnableSSH),
+		NetbirdConfig: toNetbirdConfig(s.config, nil, relayToken, nil, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings)),
+		PeerConfig:    toPeerConfig(types.TwinPeer(peer), types.TwinNetwork(network), s.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(settings), types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), s.config.HttpConfig, s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, enableSSH, false),
 		Checks:        toProtocolChecks(ctx, postureChecks),
 	}
 
+	// settings is always non-nil here, so we never emit nil — encoder returns
+	// either a valid deadline or the explicit-zero "disabled" sentinel.
+	loginResp.SessionExpiresAt = encodeSessionExpiresAt(
+		peer.SessionExpiresAt(settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled, settings.PeerLoginExpiration),
+	)
+
 	return loginResp, nil
 }
 
+func (s *Server) claimLoginToken(ctx context.Context, peerKey, jwtToken string, token *jwtv5.Token) error {
+	if s.sessionStore == nil || token == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	exp, err := token.Claims.GetExpirationTime()
+	if err != nil || exp == nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("JWT has no usable exp claim for peer %s", peerKey)
+		return status.Error(codes.Unauthenticated, "jwt token has no expiration")
+	}
+
+	err = s.sessionStore.RegisterToken(ctx, jwtToken, exp.Time)
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if errors.Is(err, auth.ErrTokenAlreadyUsed) || errors.Is(err, auth.ErrTokenExpired) {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("%v for peer %s", err, peerKey)
+		return status.Error(codes.Unauthenticated, err.Error())
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to claim JWT for peer %s: %v", peerKey, err)
+	return status.Error(codes.Unavailable, "failed to claim jwt token")
+}
+
 // processJwtToken validates the existence of a JWT token in the login request, and returns the corresponding user ID if
 // the token is valid.
 //
@@ -838,7 +961,7 @@ func (s *Server) processJwtToken(ctx context.Context, loginReq *proto.LoginReque
 	if loginReq.GetJwtToken() != "" {
 		var err error
 		for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
-			userID, err = s.validateToken(ctx, loginReq.GetJwtToken())
+			userID, err = s.validateToken(ctx, peerKey.String(), loginReq.GetJwtToken())
 			if err == nil {
 				break
 			}
@@ -859,7 +982,7 @@ func (s *Server) IsHealthy(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Empty) (*proto.Empty,
 }
 
 // sendInitialSync sends initial proto.SyncResponse to the peer requesting synchronization
-func (s *Server) sendInitialSync(ctx context.Context, peerKey wgtypes.Key, peer *nbpeer.Peer, networkMap *types.NetworkMap, postureChecks []*posture.Checks, srv proto.ManagementService_SyncServer, dnsFwdPort int64) error {
+func (s *Server) sendInitialSync(ctx context.Context, peerKey wgtypes.Key, peer *nbpeer.Peer, networkMap *types.NetworkMap, postureChecks []*nmdata.PostureChecks, srv proto.ManagementService_SyncServer, dnsFwdPort int64) error {
 	var err error
 	var turnToken *Token
 
@@ -888,7 +1011,43 @@ func (s *Server) sendInitialSync(ctx context.Context, peerKey wgtypes.Key, peer
 		return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to get peer groups %s", err)
 	}
 
-	plainResp := ToSyncResponse(ctx, s.config, s.config.HttpConfig, s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, peer, turnToken, relayToken, networkMap, s.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(settings), postureChecks, nil, settings, settings.Extra, peerGroups, dnsFwdPort)
+	dnsName := s.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(settings)
+
+	var plainResp *proto.SyncResponse
+
+	commonSyncMessageVersion := grpc.HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(
+		s.perAccountOrGlobalSyncMessageVersions(peer.AccountID),
+		grpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&peer.Meta.SyncMessageVersion))
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).
+		WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"sync_message_version":        commonSyncMessageVersion,
+			"server_sync_message_version": s.perAccountOrGlobalSyncMessageVersions(peer.AccountID),
+			"peer_sync_message_version":   grpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&peer.Meta.SyncMessageVersion),
+		}).Debug("common highest sync message version")
+
+	if commonSyncMessageVersion == grpc.ComponentNetworkMap {
+		// Capable peer: discard the legacy NetworkMap that SyncAndMarkPeer
+		// computed and recompute the raw components instead. This wastes one
+		// Calculate() call per initial-sync — the component-based wire
+		// format is what the peer actually consumes. The streaming path
+		// (network_map.Controller.UpdateAccountPeers) skips this duplication
+		// because it dispatches by capability before computing.
+		//
+		// TODO: refactor SyncPeer / SyncAndMarkPeer / their mocks + manager
+		// interfaces to return PeerNetworkMapResult so the initial-sync path
+		// stops doing duplicate work. Deferred until the client-side
+		// decoder lands and there's a real deployment of capability=3 peers
+		// worth optimizing for.
+		freshPeer, components, proxyPatch, freshPostureChecks, freshDnsFwdPort, err := s.networkMapController.GetValidatedPeerWithComponents(ctx, false, peer.AccountID, peer)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to build components for peer %s on initial sync: %v", peer.ID, err)
+			return status.Errorf(codes.Internal, "failed to build initial sync envelope")
+		}
+		plainResp = ToComponentSyncResponse(ctx, s.config, s.config.HttpConfig, s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, types.TwinPeer(freshPeer), turnToken, relayToken, components, proxyPatch, dnsName, freshPostureChecks, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), settings.Extra, peerGroups, freshDnsFwdPort)
+	} else {
+		plainResp = ToSyncResponse(ctx, s.config, s.config.HttpConfig, s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, types.TwinPeer(peer), turnToken, relayToken, networkMap, dnsName, postureChecks, nil, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), settings.Extra, peerGroups, dnsFwdPort)
+	}
 
 	key, err := s.secretsManager.GetWGKey()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -913,6 +1072,13 @@ func (s *Server) sendInitialSync(ctx context.Context, peerKey wgtypes.Key, peer
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *Server) perAccountOrGlobalSyncMessageVersions(accountId string) grpc.SyncMessageVersion {
+	if version, ok := s.config.PerAccountHighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion[accountId]; ok {
+		return grpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&version)
+	}
+	return grpc.SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(s.config.HighestSupportedSyncMessageVersion)
+}
+
 // GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow returns a device authorization flow information
 // This is used for initiating an Oauth 2 device authorization grant flow
 // which will be used by our clients to Login
@@ -966,7 +1132,7 @@ func (s *Server) GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Encr
 			Provider: proto.DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider(provider),
 			ProviderConfig: &proto.ProviderConfig{
 				ClientID:           s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.ClientID,
-				ClientSecret:       s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.ClientSecret,
+				ClientSecret:       s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.ClientSecret, //nolint:staticcheck
 				Domain:             s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.Domain,
 				Audience:           s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.Audience,
 				DeviceAuthEndpoint: s.config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.DeviceAuthEndpoint,
@@ -1037,7 +1203,7 @@ func (s *Server) GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Encryp
 			ProviderConfig: &proto.ProviderConfig{
 				Audience:              s.config.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.Audience,
 				ClientID:              s.config.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.ClientID,
-				ClientSecret:          s.config.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.ClientSecret,
+				ClientSecret:          s.config.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.ClientSecret, //nolint:staticcheck
 				TokenEndpoint:         s.config.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.TokenEndpoint,
 				AuthorizationEndpoint: s.config.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.AuthorizationEndpoint,
 				Scope:                 s.config.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig.Scope,
@@ -1081,7 +1247,7 @@ func (s *Server) SyncMeta(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*pr
 		return nil, msg
 	}
 
-	err = s.accountManager.SyncPeerMeta(ctx, peerKey.String(), extractPeerMeta(ctx, syncMetaReq.GetMeta()))
+	err = s.accountManager.SyncPeerMeta(ctx, peerKey.String(), extractPeerMeta(ctx, syncMetaReq.GetMeta()), realIP)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, mapError(ctx, err)
 	}
@@ -1127,17 +1293,20 @@ func (s *Server) Logout(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*prot
 }
 
 // toProtocolChecks converts posture checks to protocol checks.
-func toProtocolChecks(ctx context.Context, postureChecks []*posture.Checks) []*proto.Checks {
+func toProtocolChecks(ctx context.Context, postureChecks []*nmdata.PostureChecks) []*proto.Checks {
 	protoChecks := make([]*proto.Checks, 0, len(postureChecks))
 	for _, postureCheck := range postureChecks {
-		protoChecks = append(protoChecks, toProtocolCheck(postureCheck))
+		check := toProtocolCheck(postureCheck)
+		if check != nil {
+			protoChecks = append(protoChecks, check)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return protoChecks
 }
 
-// toProtocolCheck converts a posture.Checks to a proto.Checks.
-func toProtocolCheck(postureCheck *posture.Checks) *proto.Checks {
+// toProtocolCheck converts posture checks to a proto.Checks.
+func toProtocolCheck(postureCheck *nmdata.PostureChecks) *proto.Checks {
 	protoCheck := &proto.Checks{}
 
 	if check := postureCheck.Checks.ProcessCheck; check != nil {
@@ -1154,5 +1323,9 @@ func toProtocolCheck(postureCheck *posture.Checks) *proto.Checks {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if len(protoCheck.Files) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	return protoCheck
 }
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/sync_mappings_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/sync_mappings_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6db43d7c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/sync_mappings_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// syncRecordingStream is a mock ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer that records
+// sent messages and returns pre-loaded ack responses from Recv.
+type syncRecordingStream struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	sent     []*proto.SyncMappingsResponse
+	recvMsgs []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest
+	recvIdx  int
+}
+
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) Send(m *proto.SyncMappingsResponse) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.sent = append(s.sent, m)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) Recv() (*proto.SyncMappingsRequest, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if s.recvIdx >= len(s.recvMsgs) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no more recv messages")
+	}
+	msg := s.recvMsgs[s.recvIdx]
+	s.recvIdx++
+	return msg, nil
+}
+
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) Context() context.Context     { return context.Background() }
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) SetHeader(metadata.MD) error  { return nil }
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) SendHeader(metadata.MD) error { return nil }
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) SetTrailer(metadata.MD)       {}
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) SendMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+func (s *syncRecordingStream) RecvMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+
+func ackMsg() *proto.SyncMappingsRequest {
+	return &proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_BatchesWithAcks(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 3
+	const totalServices = 7 // 3 + 3 + 1 → 3 batches, 3 acks (one per batch, including final)
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{
+		recvMsgs: []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest{ackMsg(), ackMsg(), ackMsg()},
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 3, "should send ceil(7/3) = 3 batches")
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[0].Mapping, 3)
+	assert.False(t, stream.sent[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[1].Mapping, 3)
+	assert.False(t, stream.sent[1].InitialSyncComplete)
+
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[2].Mapping, 1)
+	assert.True(t, stream.sent[2].InitialSyncComplete)
+
+	// All 3 acks consumed — including the final batch.
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, stream.recvIdx)
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_SingleBatchWaitsForAck(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 100
+	const totalServices = 5
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{
+		recvMsgs: []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest{ackMsg()},
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[0].Mapping, totalServices)
+	assert.True(t, stream.sent[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, stream.recvIdx, "final batch ack must be consumed")
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_EmptySnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(nil, nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, 500)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{
+		recvMsgs: []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest{ackMsg()},
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 1, "empty snapshot must still send sync-complete")
+	assert.Empty(t, stream.sent[0].Mapping)
+	assert.True(t, stream.sent[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, stream.recvIdx, "empty snapshot ack must be consumed")
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_MissingAckReturnsError(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 2
+	const totalServices = 4 // 2 batches → 1 ack needed, but we provide none
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	// No acks available — Recv will return error.
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "receive ack")
+	// First batch should have been sent before the error.
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 1)
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_WrongMessageInsteadOfAck(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 2
+	const totalServices = 4
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	// Send an init message instead of an ack.
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{
+		recvMsgs: []*proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			{Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{ProxyId: "bad"}}},
+		},
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "expected ack")
+}
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_BackPressureOrdering(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify batches are sent strictly sequentially — batch N+1 is not sent
+	// until the ack for batch N is received, including the final batch.
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 2
+	const totalServices = 6 // 3 batches, 3 acks
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var events []string
+
+	// Build a stream that logs send/recv events so we can verify ordering.
+	ackCh := make(chan struct{}, 3)
+	stream := &orderTrackingStream{
+		mu:     &mu,
+		events: &events,
+		ackCh:  ackCh,
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	// Feed acks asynchronously after a short delay to simulate real proxy.
+	go func() {
+		for range 3 {
+			time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+			ackCh <- struct{}{}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mu.Lock()
+	defer mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Expected: send, recv-ack, send, recv-ack, send, recv-ack.
+	require.Len(t, events, 6)
+	assert.Equal(t, "send", events[0])
+	assert.Equal(t, "recv", events[1])
+	assert.Equal(t, "send", events[2])
+	assert.Equal(t, "recv", events[3])
+	assert.Equal(t, "send", events[4])
+	assert.Equal(t, "recv", events[5])
+}
+
+// orderTrackingStream logs "send" and "recv" events and blocks Recv until
+// an ack is signaled via ackCh.
+type orderTrackingStream struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+	mu     *sync.Mutex
+	events *[]string
+	ackCh  chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) Send(_ *proto.SyncMappingsResponse) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	*s.events = append(*s.events, "send")
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) Recv() (*proto.SyncMappingsRequest, error) {
+	<-s.ackCh
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	*s.events = append(*s.events, "recv")
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	return ackMsg(), nil
+}
+
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) Context() context.Context     { return context.Background() }
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) SetHeader(metadata.MD) error  { return nil }
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) SendHeader(metadata.MD) error { return nil }
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) SetTrailer(metadata.MD)       {}
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) SendMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+func (s *orderTrackingStream) RecvMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+
+func TestSendSnapshotSync_TokensGeneratedPerBatch(t *testing.T) {
+	const cluster = "cluster.example.com"
+	const batchSize = 2
+	const totalServices = 4
+	const ttl = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	const ackDelay = 200 * time.Millisecond
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	mgr := rpservice.NewMockManager(ctrl)
+	mgr.EXPECT().GetGlobalServices(gomock.Any()).Return(makeServices(totalServices, cluster), nil)
+
+	s := newSnapshotTestServer(t, batchSize)
+	s.serviceManager = mgr
+	s.tokenTTL = ttl
+
+	// Build a stream that validates tokens immediately on Send, then
+	// delays the ack to ensure the next batch's tokens are generated fresh.
+	var validateErrs []error
+	ackCh := make(chan struct{}, 2)
+	stream := &tokenValidatingSyncStream{
+		tokenStore:   s.tokenStore,
+		validateErrs: &validateErrs,
+		ackCh:        ackCh,
+	}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		proxyID:    "proxy-a",
+		address:    cluster,
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		// Delay first ack so that if tokens were all generated upfront they'd expire.
+		time.Sleep(ackDelay)
+		ackCh <- struct{}{}
+		// Final batch ack — immediate.
+		ackCh <- struct{}{}
+	}()
+
+	err := s.sendSnapshotSync(context.Background(), conn, stream)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, validateErrs,
+		"tokens must remain valid: per-batch generation guarantees freshness")
+}
+
+type tokenValidatingSyncStream struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+	tokenStore   *OneTimeTokenStore
+	validateErrs *[]error
+	ackCh        chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) Send(m *proto.SyncMappingsResponse) error {
+	for _, mapping := range m.Mapping {
+		if err := s.tokenStore.ValidateAndConsume(mapping.AuthToken, mapping.AccountId, mapping.Id); err != nil {
+			*s.validateErrs = append(*s.validateErrs, fmt.Errorf("svc %s: %w", mapping.Id, err))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) Recv() (*proto.SyncMappingsRequest, error) {
+	<-s.ackCh
+	return ackMsg(), nil
+}
+
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) Context() context.Context     { return context.Background() }
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) SetHeader(metadata.MD) error  { return nil }
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) SendHeader(metadata.MD) error { return nil }
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) SetTrailer(metadata.MD)       {}
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) SendMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+func (s *tokenValidatingSyncStream) RecvMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+
+func TestConnectionSendResponse_RoutesToSyncStream(t *testing.T) {
+	stream := &syncRecordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		syncStream: stream,
+	}
+
+	resp := &proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{
+			{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1", Domain: "example.com"},
+		},
+		InitialSyncComplete: true,
+	}
+
+	err := conn.sendResponse(resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.sent, 1)
+	assert.Len(t, stream.sent[0].Mapping, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "svc-1", stream.sent[0].Mapping[0].Id)
+	assert.True(t, stream.sent[0].InitialSyncComplete)
+}
+
+func TestConnectionSendResponse_RoutesToLegacyStream(t *testing.T) {
+	stream := &recordingStream{}
+	conn := &proxyConnection{
+		stream: stream,
+	}
+
+	resp := &proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{
+			{Id: "svc-2", AccountId: "acct-2"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err := conn.sendResponse(resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Len(t, stream.messages, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "svc-2", stream.messages[0].Mapping[0].Id)
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/token_mgr.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/token_mgr.go
index 65e58ad41..fb2d83a9a 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/token_mgr.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/token_mgr.go
@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ func (m *TimeBasedAuthSecretsManager) SetupRefresh(ctx context.Context, accountI
 		m.turnCancelMap[peerID] = turnCancel
 		go m.refreshTURNTokens(ctx, accountID, peerID, turnCancel)
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("starting TURN refresh for %s", peerID)
+	} else {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("no TURN configuration, skipping TURN refresh for %s", peerID)
 	}
 
 	if m.relayCfg != nil {
@@ -168,6 +170,8 @@ func (m *TimeBasedAuthSecretsManager) SetupRefresh(ctx context.Context, accountI
 		m.relayCancelMap[peerID] = relayCancel
 		go m.refreshRelayTokens(ctx, accountID, peerID, relayCancel)
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("starting relay refresh for %s", peerID)
+	} else {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("no relay configuration, skipping relay refresh for %s", peerID)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/token_mgr_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/token_mgr_test.go
index 98eb66fb5..b1be5f99a 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/token_mgr_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/token_mgr_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go b/management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go
index d1d7fc8b7..4e70e61e4 100644
--- a/management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go
+++ b/management/internals/shared/grpc/validate_session_test.go
@@ -42,10 +42,11 @@ func setupValidateSessionTest(t *testing.T) *validateSessionTestSetup {
 	tokenStore := NewOneTimeTokenStore(ctx, testCacheStore(t))
 	pkceStore := NewPKCEVerifierStore(ctx, testCacheStore(t))
 
-	proxyService := NewProxyServiceServer(nil, tokenStore, pkceStore, ProxyOIDCConfig{}, nil, usersManager, proxyManager)
+	proxyService := NewProxyServiceServer(nil, tokenStore, pkceStore, ProxyOIDCConfig{}, nil, usersManager, nil, proxyManager, nil)
 	proxyService.SetServiceManager(serviceManager)
 
 	createTestProxies(t, ctx, testStore)
+	createStatusTestUsers(t, ctx, testStore)
 
 	return &validateSessionTestSetup{
 		proxyService: proxyService,
@@ -91,6 +92,82 @@ func createTestProxies(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, testStore store.Store)
 		},
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, testStore.CreateService(ctx, restrictedProxy))
+
+	// Distributed to the account's "All" group, the configuration that hands a
+	// service to every user in the account.
+	allUsersProxy := &service.Service{
+		ID:                "allUsersProxyId",
+		AccountID:         "testAccountId",
+		Name:              "All Users Proxy",
+		Domain:            "all-users-proxy.example.com",
+		Enabled:           true,
+		SessionPrivateKey: privKey,
+		SessionPublicKey:  pubKey,
+		Auth: service.AuthConfig{
+			BearerAuth: &service.BearerAuthConfig{
+				Enabled:            true,
+				DistributionGroups: []string{allUsersGroupID},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, testStore.CreateService(ctx, allUsersProxy))
+}
+
+const (
+	allUsersGroupID   = "allUsersGroupId"
+	pendingUserID     = "pendingUserId"
+	blockedUserID     = "blockedUserId"
+	pendingAllUsersID = "pendingAllUsersUserId"
+)
+
+// createStatusTestUsers adds the users whose account status must keep them out
+// of a proxy session. A user awaiting approval is persisted as both blocked and
+// pending approval, the way the approval flow stores one.
+func createStatusTestUsers(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, testStore store.Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	require.NoError(t, testStore.CreateGroup(ctx, &types.Group{
+		ID:        allUsersGroupID,
+		AccountID: "testAccountId",
+		Name:      "All",
+		Issued:    types.GroupIssuedAPI,
+	}))
+
+	users := []*types.User{
+		{
+			Id:              pendingUserID,
+			AccountID:       "testAccountId",
+			Role:            types.UserRoleUser,
+			AutoGroups:      []string{"allowedGroupId"},
+			Blocked:         true,
+			PendingApproval: true,
+			Issued:          "api",
+			CreatedAt:       time.Now(),
+		},
+		{
+			Id:              pendingAllUsersID,
+			AccountID:       "testAccountId",
+			Role:            types.UserRoleUser,
+			AutoGroups:      []string{allUsersGroupID},
+			Blocked:         true,
+			PendingApproval: true,
+			Issued:          "api",
+			CreatedAt:       time.Now(),
+		},
+		{
+			Id:              blockedUserID,
+			AccountID:       "testAccountId",
+			Role:            types.UserRoleUser,
+			AutoGroups:      []string{"allowedGroupId"},
+			Blocked:         true,
+			PendingApproval: false,
+			Issued:          "api",
+			CreatedAt:       time.Now(),
+		},
+	}
+	for _, user := range users {
+		require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveUser(ctx, user))
+	}
 }
 
 func generateSessionKeyPair(t *testing.T) (string, string) {
@@ -102,7 +179,7 @@ func generateSessionKeyPair(t *testing.T) (string, string) {
 
 func createSessionToken(t *testing.T, privKeyB64, userID, domain string) string {
 	t.Helper()
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, domain, auth.MethodOIDC, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(privKeyB64, userID, "", domain, auth.MethodOIDC, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	return token
 }
@@ -125,6 +202,7 @@ func TestValidateSession_UserAllowed(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, resp.Valid, "User should be allowed access")
 	assert.Equal(t, "allowedUserId", resp.UserId)
 	assert.Empty(t, resp.DeniedReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"allowedGroupId"}, resp.GetPeerGroupIds(), "PeerGroupIds must mirror the resolved user's group memberships")
 }
 
 func TestValidateSession_UserNotInAllowedGroup(t *testing.T) {
@@ -145,6 +223,115 @@ func TestValidateSession_UserNotInAllowedGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, resp.Valid, "User not in group should be denied")
 	assert.Equal(t, "not_in_group", resp.DeniedReason)
 	assert.Equal(t, "nonGroupUserId", resp.UserId)
+	assert.Empty(t, resp.GetPeerGroupIds(), "PeerGroupIds must mirror the resolved user's actual (empty) memberships on denial")
+}
+
+// TestValidateSession_PendingApprovalUserDenied covers a user who is a member of
+// the service's distribution group but is still waiting for an administrator to
+// approve the account. Group membership alone must not open the service.
+func TestValidateSession_PendingApprovalUserDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	proxy, err := setup.store.GetServiceByID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, "testAccountId", "restrictedProxyId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	token := createSessionToken(t, proxy.SessionPrivateKey, pendingUserID, "restricted-proxy.example.com")
+
+	resp, err := setup.proxyService.ValidateSession(context.Background(), &proto.ValidateSessionRequest{
+		Domain:       "restricted-proxy.example.com",
+		SessionToken: token,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, resp.Valid, "User pending approval should be denied")
+	assert.Equal(t, deniedReasonPendingApproval, resp.DeniedReason, "Denied reason should name the pending approval state")
+	assert.Equal(t, pendingUserID, resp.UserId, "Denial should identify the user it applies to")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"allowedGroupId"}, resp.GetPeerGroupIds(), "PeerGroupIds must mirror the resolved user's group memberships on denial")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"Allowed Group"}, resp.GetPeerGroupNames(), "PeerGroupNames must pair with PeerGroupIds on denial")
+}
+
+// TestValidateSession_PendingApprovalUserInAllUsersGroupDenied covers the same
+// user against a service distributed to the account's "All" group, where every
+// user of the account is a member by default.
+func TestValidateSession_PendingApprovalUserInAllUsersGroupDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	proxy, err := setup.store.GetServiceByID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, "testAccountId", "allUsersProxyId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	token := createSessionToken(t, proxy.SessionPrivateKey, pendingAllUsersID, "all-users-proxy.example.com")
+
+	resp, err := setup.proxyService.ValidateSession(context.Background(), &proto.ValidateSessionRequest{
+		Domain:       "all-users-proxy.example.com",
+		SessionToken: token,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, resp.Valid, "User pending approval should be denied even in the All Users group")
+	assert.Equal(t, deniedReasonPendingApproval, resp.DeniedReason, "Denied reason should name the pending approval state")
+	assert.Equal(t, pendingAllUsersID, resp.UserId, "Denial should identify the user it applies to")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{allUsersGroupID}, resp.GetPeerGroupIds(), "PeerGroupIds must mirror the resolved user's group memberships on denial")
+}
+
+// TestValidateSession_BlockedUserDenied covers a user blocked after having been
+// approved, so PendingApproval is false and only the blocked flag is set.
+func TestValidateSession_BlockedUserDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	proxy, err := setup.store.GetServiceByID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, "testAccountId", "restrictedProxyId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	token := createSessionToken(t, proxy.SessionPrivateKey, blockedUserID, "restricted-proxy.example.com")
+
+	resp, err := setup.proxyService.ValidateSession(context.Background(), &proto.ValidateSessionRequest{
+		Domain:       "restricted-proxy.example.com",
+		SessionToken: token,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, resp.Valid, "Blocked user should be denied")
+	assert.Equal(t, deniedReasonUserBlocked, resp.DeniedReason, "Denied reason should name the blocked state")
+	assert.Equal(t, blockedUserID, resp.UserId, "Denial should identify the user it applies to")
+}
+
+// TestValidateSession_UserAllowedAfterApproval walks the same session token
+// through the approval transition: denied while pending, allowed once an
+// administrator clears both flags.
+func TestValidateSession_UserAllowedAfterApproval(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	proxy, err := setup.store.GetServiceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "testAccountId", "restrictedProxyId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	token := createSessionToken(t, proxy.SessionPrivateKey, pendingUserID, "restricted-proxy.example.com")
+	req := &proto.ValidateSessionRequest{
+		Domain:       "restricted-proxy.example.com",
+		SessionToken: token,
+	}
+
+	resp, err := setup.proxyService.ValidateSession(ctx, req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, resp.Valid, "User pending approval should be denied before approval")
+	assert.Equal(t, deniedReasonPendingApproval, resp.DeniedReason, "Denied reason should name the pending approval state")
+
+	user, err := setup.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, pendingUserID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	user.PendingApproval = false
+	user.Blocked = false
+	require.NoError(t, setup.store.SaveUser(ctx, user))
+
+	resp, err = setup.proxyService.ValidateSession(ctx, req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, resp.Valid, "Approved user should be allowed access")
+	assert.Empty(t, resp.DeniedReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, pendingUserID, resp.UserId, "Approved user should be identified in the response")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"allowedGroupId"}, resp.GetPeerGroupIds(), "PeerGroupIds must mirror the approved user's group memberships")
 }
 
 func TestValidateSession_UserInDifferentAccount(t *testing.T) {
@@ -244,6 +431,57 @@ func TestValidateSession_MissingToken(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, resp.DeniedReason, "missing")
 }
 
+// TestGenerateSessionToken_UserNotInAllowedGroupGetsNoToken is the regression
+// guard for the group-authorisation bypass: the callback used to hand a signed
+// token to a user the service denies, and the proxy honoured that token as soon
+// as the user moved it into the nb_session cookie themselves. Authorisation has
+// to run before the token is signed.
+func TestGenerateSessionToken_UserNotInAllowedGroupGetsNoToken(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	token, err := setup.proxyService.GenerateSessionToken(context.Background(), "restricted-proxy.example.com", "nonGroupUserId", auth.MethodOIDC)
+
+	require.Error(t, err, "a user outside the distribution groups must not receive a token")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUserNotInGroup, "the callback maps this sentinel onto the access denied page")
+	assert.Empty(t, token, "no token may reach the browser")
+}
+
+func TestGenerateSessionToken_UserInAllowedGroupGetsTokenWithGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	svc, err := setup.store.GetServiceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "testAccountId", "restrictedProxyId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	token, err := setup.proxyService.GenerateSessionToken(ctx, "restricted-proxy.example.com", "allowedUserId", auth.MethodOIDC)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, token)
+
+	pubKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(svc.SessionPublicKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	userID, _, method, groups, _, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(token, "restricted-proxy.example.com", pubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "allowedUserId", userID)
+	assert.Equal(t, auth.MethodOIDC.String(), method)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"allowedGroupId"}, groups, "the proxy gates the cookie on this claim, so it must carry the matched group")
+}
+
+// TestGenerateSessionToken_UnrestrictedServiceAllowsAnyAccountUser keeps the new
+// gate scoped: a service without distribution groups is open to every user of
+// its account, as before.
+func TestGenerateSessionToken_UnrestrictedServiceAllowsAnyAccountUser(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupValidateSessionTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	token, err := setup.proxyService.GenerateSessionToken(context.Background(), "test-proxy.example.com", "nonGroupUserId", auth.MethodOIDC)
+
+	require.NoError(t, err, "an unrestricted service must keep working for any user of the account")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, token)
+}
+
 type testValidateSessionServiceManager struct {
 	store store.Store
 }
@@ -318,21 +556,33 @@ func (m *testValidateSessionServiceManager) StopServiceFromPeer(_ context.Contex
 
 func (m *testValidateSessionServiceManager) StartExposeReaper(_ context.Context) {}
 
-func (m *testValidateSessionServiceManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+func (m *testValidateSessionServiceManager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*service.Service, error) {
+	return m.store.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
+}
+
+func (m *testValidateSessionServiceManager) GetClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func (m *testValidateSessionServiceManager) DeleteAccountCluster(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 type testValidateSessionProxyManager struct{}
 
-func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) Connect(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string, _ *proxy.Capabilities) error {
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) Connect(_ context.Context, _, _, _, _ string, _ *string, _ *proxy.Capabilities) (*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) Disconnect(_ context.Context, _, _ string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) Disconnect(_ context.Context, _ string) error {
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) Heartbeat(_ context.Context, _ *proxy.Proxy) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) Heartbeat(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error {
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) DeleteAccountCluster(_ context.Context, _, _ string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -340,6 +590,10 @@ func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) GetActiveClusterAddresses(_ context.Co
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
@@ -348,6 +602,22 @@ func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) CleanupStale(_ context.Context, _ time
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) GetAccountProxy(_ context.Context, _ string) (*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) CountAccountProxies(_ context.Context, _ string) (int64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) IsClusterAddressAvailable(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (bool, error) {
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) DeleteProxy(_ context.Context, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) ClusterSupportsCustomPorts(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -360,6 +630,10 @@ func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(_ context.Cont
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *testValidateSessionProxyManager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
 type testValidateSessionUsersManager struct {
 	store store.Store
 }
@@ -367,3 +641,24 @@ type testValidateSessionUsersManager struct {
 func (m *testValidateSessionUsersManager) GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, error) {
 	return m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
 }
+
+func (m *testValidateSessionUsersManager) GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error) {
+	user, err := m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if len(user.AutoGroups) == 0 {
+		return user, nil, nil
+	}
+	groupsMap, err := m.store.GetGroupsByIDs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, user.AccountID, user.AutoGroups)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	groups := make([]*types.Group, 0, len(user.AutoGroups))
+	for _, id := range user.AutoGroups {
+		if g, ok := groupsMap[id]; ok && g != nil {
+			groups = append(groups, g)
+		}
+	}
+	return user, groups, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/requestbuffer/buffer.go b/management/internals/shared/requestbuffer/buffer.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3823776c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/requestbuffer/buffer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Package requestbuffer coalesces concurrent reads of the same expensive
+// resource into a single fetch.
+package requestbuffer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// FetchFunc reads the resource identified by key.
+type FetchFunc[T any] func(ctx context.Context, key string) (T, error)
+
+// Buffer batches requests per key: the first request opens a window, every
+// request arriving within it joins the batch, and a single fetch serves them
+// all. The fetch starts only after the window closed, so a caller never
+// observes data read before its own request.
+type Buffer[T any] struct {
+	ctx      context.Context
+	name     string
+	fetch    FetchFunc[T]
+	interval time.Duration
+
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	waiting map[string][]chan result[T]
+}
+
+type result[T any] struct {
+	value T
+	err   error
+}
+
+// New returns a Buffer serving batched requests through fetch. ctx bounds the
+// fetches, not the callers, and must outlive them.
+func New[T any](ctx context.Context, name string, interval time.Duration, fetch FetchFunc[T]) *Buffer[T] {
+	return &Buffer[T]{
+		ctx:      ctx,
+		name:     name,
+		fetch:    fetch,
+		interval: interval,
+		waiting:  make(map[string][]chan result[T]),
+	}
+}
+
+// Get returns the value for key, sharing one fetch with the other callers of
+// the current batch. The value is shared as is, so callers must treat it as
+// read-only unless the fetch hands out copies.
+func (b *Buffer[T]) Get(ctx context.Context, key string) (T, error) {
+	ch := make(chan result[T], 1)
+
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	b.waiting[key] = append(b.waiting[key], ch)
+	first := len(b.waiting[key]) == 1
+	b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if first {
+		time.AfterFunc(b.interval, func() { b.flush(key) })
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case res := <-ch:
+		return res.value, res.err
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		var zero T
+		return zero, ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *Buffer[T]) flush(key string) {
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	waiting := b.waiting[key]
+	delete(b.waiting, key)
+	b.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if len(waiting) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	value, err := b.fetch(b.ctx, key)
+	log.WithContext(b.ctx).Tracef("%s: fetched %s for %d waiters in %s", b.name, key, len(waiting), time.Since(start))
+
+	for _, ch := range waiting {
+		ch <- result[T]{value: value, err: err}
+	}
+}
+
+// Interval reads a buffer interval from envVar, falling back to def.
+func Interval(ctx context.Context, envVar string, def time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	value := os.Getenv(envVar)
+	interval, err := time.ParseDuration(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		if value != "" {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to parse %s: %s", envVar, err)
+		}
+		return def
+	}
+	return interval
+}
diff --git a/management/internals/shared/requestbuffer/buffer_test.go b/management/internals/shared/requestbuffer/buffer_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e356145e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/internals/shared/requestbuffer/buffer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package requestbuffer
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestBufferCoalescesConcurrentRequests(t *testing.T) {
+	var fetches atomic.Int32
+	buffer := New(context.Background(), "test", 50*time.Millisecond,
+		func(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
+			fetches.Add(1)
+			return key, nil
+		})
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for range 10 {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			value, err := buffer.Get(context.Background(), "account")
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, "account", value)
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), fetches.Load())
+}
+
+func TestBufferSeparatesKeys(t *testing.T) {
+	keys := make(chan string, 2)
+	buffer := New(context.Background(), "test", 10*time.Millisecond,
+		func(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
+			keys <- key
+			return key, nil
+		})
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for _, key := range []string{"a", "b"} {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			_, err := buffer.Get(context.Background(), key)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(keys)
+
+	var fetched []string
+	for key := range keys {
+		fetched = append(fetched, key)
+	}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"a", "b"}, fetched)
+}
+
+func TestBufferFetchesAfterRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	var version atomic.Int32
+	buffer := New(context.Background(), "test", 10*time.Millisecond,
+		func(ctx context.Context, key string) (int32, error) {
+			return version.Load(), nil
+		})
+
+	first, err := buffer.Get(context.Background(), "account")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(0), first)
+
+	version.Store(1)
+
+	second, err := buffer.Get(context.Background(), "account")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), second)
+}
+
+func TestBufferPropagatesError(t *testing.T) {
+	fetchErr := errors.New("fetch failed")
+	buffer := New(context.Background(), "test", 10*time.Millisecond,
+		func(ctx context.Context, key string) (*int, error) {
+			return nil, fetchErr
+		})
+
+	value, err := buffer.Get(context.Background(), "account")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, fetchErr)
+	assert.Nil(t, value)
+}
+
+func TestBufferHonorsCallerContext(t *testing.T) {
+	buffer := New(context.Background(), "test", time.Minute,
+		func(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, error) {
+			return key, nil
+		})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err := buffer.Get(ctx, "account")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, context.DeadlineExceeded)
+}
diff --git a/management/main.go b/management/main.go
index ff8482f97..a19b741a9 100644
--- a/management/main.go
+++ b/management/main.go
@@ -1,19 +1,24 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	// nolint:gosec
 	_ "net/http/pprof"
 	"os"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/cmd"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	go func() {
-		log.Println(http.ListenAndServe("localhost:6060", nil))
-	}()
+	if pprofAddr := os.Getenv("NB_PPROF_ADDR"); pprofAddr != "" {
+		log.Infof("pprof enabled, listening on: %s", pprofAddr)
+		go func() {
+			log.Println(http.ListenAndServe(pprofAddr, nil))
+		}()
+	}
+
 	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/account.go b/management/server/account.go
index 93da07e20..f51caca42 100644
--- a/management/server/account.go
+++ b/management/server/account.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
@@ -15,11 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
-
 	cacheStore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
 	"github.com/eko/gocache/store/redis/v4"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
@@ -29,16 +23,23 @@ import (
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter/hook"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/idp/dex"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
 	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/geolocation"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/job"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
@@ -47,7 +48,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
 	nbdomain "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
@@ -60,7 +63,7 @@ const (
 type userLoggedInOnce bool
 
 func cacheEntryExpiration() time.Duration {
-	r := rand.Intn(int(nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMax.Milliseconds()-nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMin.Milliseconds())) + int(nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMin.Milliseconds())
+	r := util.RandIntn(int(nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMax.Milliseconds()-nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMin.Milliseconds())) + int(nbcache.DefaultIDPCacheExpirationMin.Milliseconds())
 	return time.Duration(r) * time.Millisecond
 }
 
@@ -234,6 +237,10 @@ func BuildManager(
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Error(err)
 	}
 
+	if IsEmbeddedIdp(idpManager) && accountsCounter > 1 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("embedded IdP requires a single account, found %d", accountsCounter)
+	}
+
 	// enable single account mode only if configured by user and number of existing accounts is not grater than 1
 	am.singleAccountMode = singleAccountModeDomain != "" && accountsCounter <= 1
 	if am.singleAccountMode {
@@ -280,10 +287,15 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetIdpManager() idp.Manager {
 // User that performs the update has to belong to the account.
 // Returns an updated Settings
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newSettings *types.Settings) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	// Canonicalize the incoming range so a caller-supplied prefix with host bits
+	// (e.g. 100.64.1.1/16) compares equal to the masked form stored on network.Net.
+	newSettings.NetworkRange = newSettings.NetworkRange.Masked()
+
 	var oldSettings *types.Settings
 	var updateAccountPeers bool
 	var groupChangesAffectPeers bool
 	var reloadReverseProxy bool
+	var effectiveOldNetworkRange netip.Prefix
 
 	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		var groupsUpdated bool
@@ -298,6 +310,16 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, acco
 			return err
 		}
 
+		// No lock: the transaction already holds Settings(Update), and network.Net is
+		// only mutated by reallocateAccountPeerIPs, which is reachable only through
+		// this same code path. A Share lock here would extend an unnecessary row lock
+		// and complicate ordering against updatePeerIPv6InTransaction.
+		network, err := transaction.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("get account network: %w", err)
+		}
+		effectiveOldNetworkRange = prefixFromIPNet(network.Net)
+
 		if oldSettings.Extra != nil && newSettings.Extra != nil &&
 			oldSettings.Extra.PeerApprovalEnabled && !newSettings.Extra.PeerApprovalEnabled {
 			approvedCount, err := transaction.ApproveAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
@@ -311,7 +333,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, acco
 			}
 		}
 
-		if oldSettings.NetworkRange != newSettings.NetworkRange {
+		if newSettings.NetworkRange.IsValid() && newSettings.NetworkRange != effectiveOldNetworkRange {
 			if err = am.reallocateAccountPeerIPs(ctx, transaction, accountID, newSettings.NetworkRange); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -319,16 +341,34 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, acco
 			updateAccountPeers = true
 		}
 
+		if ipv6SettingsChanged(oldSettings, newSettings) {
+			if err = am.updatePeerIPv6Addresses(ctx, transaction, accountID, newSettings); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			updateAccountPeers = true
+		}
+
 		if oldSettings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled != newSettings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled ||
 			oldSettings.LazyConnectionEnabled != newSettings.LazyConnectionEnabled ||
 			oldSettings.DNSDomain != newSettings.DNSDomain ||
 			oldSettings.AutoUpdateVersion != newSettings.AutoUpdateVersion ||
-			oldSettings.AutoUpdateAlways != newSettings.AutoUpdateAlways {
+			oldSettings.AutoUpdateAlways != newSettings.AutoUpdateAlways ||
+			oldSettings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled != newSettings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled ||
+			oldSettings.PeerLoginExpiration != newSettings.PeerLoginExpiration ||
+			oldSettings.MetricsPushEnabled != newSettings.MetricsPushEnabled {
+			// Session deadline is derived from LastLogin + PeerLoginExpiration
+			// on every Login/Sync response. Without a fan-out push, connected
+			// peers keep the deadline they received at login time and only see
+			// the new value after the next unrelated NetworkMap change. Add
+			// these two fields to the trigger list so admin-side expiry tweaks
+			// (e.g. shortening from 24h to 1h) reach every connected peer
+			// within seconds, which is what the proactive-warning feature
+			// relies on (see client/internal/auth/sessionwatch).
 			updateAccountPeers = true
 		}
 
 		if oldSettings.GroupsPropagationEnabled != newSettings.GroupsPropagationEnabled && newSettings.GroupsPropagationEnabled {
-			groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err = propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, transaction, accountID)
+			groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err = am.propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, transaction, accountID)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -366,9 +406,13 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, acco
 	am.handleAutoUpdateVersionSettings(ctx, oldSettings, newSettings, userID, accountID)
 	am.handleAutoUpdateAlwaysSettings(ctx, oldSettings, newSettings, userID, accountID)
 	am.handlePeerExposeSettings(ctx, oldSettings, newSettings, userID, accountID)
+	am.handleMetricsPushSettings(ctx, oldSettings, newSettings, userID, accountID)
 	if err = am.handleInactivityExpirationSettings(ctx, oldSettings, newSettings, userID, accountID); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if err = am.handleLocalMfaSettings(ctx, oldSettings, newSettings, userID, accountID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	if oldSettings.DNSDomain != newSettings.DNSDomain {
 		eventMeta := map[string]any{
 			"old_dns_domain": oldSettings.DNSDomain,
@@ -376,13 +420,29 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, acco
 		}
 		am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AccountDNSDomainUpdated, eventMeta)
 	}
-	if oldSettings.NetworkRange != newSettings.NetworkRange {
+	if newSettings.NetworkRange.IsValid() && newSettings.NetworkRange != effectiveOldNetworkRange {
 		eventMeta := map[string]any{
-			"old_network_range": oldSettings.NetworkRange.String(),
+			"old_network_range": effectiveOldNetworkRange.String(),
 			"new_network_range": newSettings.NetworkRange.String(),
 		}
 		am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AccountNetworkRangeUpdated, eventMeta)
 	}
+	oldIPv6On := len(oldSettings.IPv6EnabledGroups) > 0
+	newIPv6On := len(newSettings.IPv6EnabledGroups) > 0
+	if oldIPv6On != newIPv6On {
+		if newIPv6On {
+			am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AccountIPv6Enabled, nil)
+		} else {
+			am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AccountIPv6Disabled, nil)
+		}
+	}
+	if oldSettings.NetworkRangeV6 != newSettings.NetworkRangeV6 {
+		eventMeta := map[string]any{
+			"old_network_range_v6": oldSettings.NetworkRangeV6.String(),
+			"new_network_range_v6": newSettings.NetworkRangeV6.String(),
+		}
+		am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AccountNetworkRangeUpdated, eventMeta)
+	}
 	if reloadReverseProxy {
 		if err = am.serviceManager.ReloadAllServicesForAccount(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to reload all services for account %s: %v", accountID, err)
@@ -390,12 +450,39 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, acco
 	}
 
 	if updateAccountPeers || extraSettingsChanged || groupChangesAffectPeers {
-		go am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+		go am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceAccountSettings, Operation: types.UpdateOperationUpdate})
 	}
 
 	return newSettings, nil
 }
 
+func ipv6SettingsChanged(old, updated *types.Settings) bool {
+	if old.NetworkRangeV6 != updated.NetworkRangeV6 {
+		return true
+	}
+	oldGroups := slices.Clone(old.IPv6EnabledGroups)
+	newGroups := slices.Clone(updated.IPv6EnabledGroups)
+	slices.Sort(oldGroups)
+	slices.Sort(newGroups)
+	return !slices.Equal(oldGroups, newGroups)
+}
+
+// prefixFromIPNet returns the overlay prefix actually allocated on the account
+// network, or an invalid prefix if none is set. Settings.NetworkRange is a
+// user-facing override that is empty on legacy accounts, so the effective
+// range must be read from network.Net to compare against an incoming update.
+func prefixFromIPNet(ipNet net.IPNet) netip.Prefix {
+	if ipNet.IP == nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}
+	}
+	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(ipNet.IP)
+	if !ok {
+		return netip.Prefix{}
+	}
+	ones, _ := ipNet.Mask.Size()
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(addr.Unmap(), ones)
+}
+
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) validateSettingsUpdate(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, newSettings, oldSettings *types.Settings, userID, accountID string) error {
 	halfYearLimit := 180 * 24 * time.Hour
 	if newSettings.PeerLoginExpiration > halfYearLimit {
@@ -422,9 +509,38 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) validateSettingsUpdate(ctx context.Context, tra
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := validateIPv6EnabledGroups(ctx, transaction, accountID, newSettings.IPv6EnabledGroups); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return am.integratedPeerValidator.ValidateExtraSettings(ctx, newSettings.Extra, oldSettings.Extra, userID, accountID)
 }
 
+// validateIPv6EnabledGroups checks that all referenced IPv6-enabled group IDs exist in the account.
+func validateIPv6EnabledGroups(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupIDs []string) error {
+	if len(groupIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	groups, err := transaction.GetAccountGroups(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get groups for IPv6 validation: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	existing := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groups))
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		existing[g.ID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	for _, gid := range groupIDs {
+		if _, ok := existing[gid]; !ok {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "IPv6 enabled group %s does not exist", gid)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handleRoutingPeerDNSResolutionSettings(ctx context.Context, oldSettings, newSettings *types.Settings, userID, accountID string) {
 	if oldSettings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled != newSettings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled {
 		if newSettings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled {
@@ -445,6 +561,16 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handleLazyConnectionSettings(ctx context.Contex
 	}
 }
 
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handleMetricsPushSettings(ctx context.Context, oldSettings, newSettings *types.Settings, userID, accountID string) {
+	if oldSettings.MetricsPushEnabled != newSettings.MetricsPushEnabled {
+		if newSettings.MetricsPushEnabled {
+			am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AccountMetricsPushEnabled, nil)
+		} else {
+			am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AccountMetricsPushDisabled, nil)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handlePeerLoginExpirationSettings(ctx context.Context, oldSettings, newSettings *types.Settings, userID, accountID string) {
 	if oldSettings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled != newSettings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled {
 		event := activity.AccountPeerLoginExpirationEnabled
@@ -529,6 +655,29 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handleInactivityExpirationSettings(ctx context.
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handleLocalMfaSettings(ctx context.Context, oldSettings, newSettings *types.Settings, userID, accountID string) error {
+	if oldSettings.LocalMfaEnabled == newSettings.LocalMfaEnabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	embeddedIdp, ok := am.idpManager.(*idp.EmbeddedIdPManager)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := embeddedIdp.SetMFAEnabled(ctx, newSettings.LocalMfaEnabled); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to toggle MFA: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if newSettings.LocalMfaEnabled {
+		am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AccountLocalMfaEnabled, nil)
+	} else {
+		am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, accountID, accountID, activity.AccountLocalMfaDisabled, nil)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) peerLoginExpirationJob(ctx context.Context, accountID string) func() (time.Duration, bool) {
 	return func() (time.Duration, bool) {
 		//nolint
@@ -548,7 +697,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) peerLoginExpirationJob(ctx context.Context, acc
 
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("discovered %d peers to expire for account %s", len(peerIDs), accountID)
 
-		if err := am.expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx, accountID, expiredPeers); err != nil {
+		if err := am.expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx, accountID, expiredPeers, peerExpirationSessionExpired); err != nil {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed updating account peers while expiring peers for account %s", accountID)
 			return peerSchedulerRetryInterval, true
 		}
@@ -562,8 +711,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) schedulePeerLoginExpiration(ctx context.Context
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("peer login expiration job for account %s is already scheduled", accountID)
 		return
 	}
+	// The job outlives the request that arms it, so it must not inherit the request's cancellation.
+	jobCtx := context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
 	if nextRun, ok := am.getNextPeerExpiration(ctx, accountID); ok {
-		go am.peerLoginExpiry.Schedule(ctx, nextRun, accountID, am.peerLoginExpirationJob(ctx, accountID))
+		go am.peerLoginExpiry.Schedule(jobCtx, nextRun, accountID, am.peerLoginExpirationJob(jobCtx, accountID))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -583,7 +734,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) peerInactivityExpirationJob(ctx context.Context
 
 		log.Debugf("discovered %d peers to expire for account %s", len(peerIDs), accountID)
 
-		if err := am.expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx, accountID, inactivePeers); err != nil {
+		if err := am.expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx, accountID, inactivePeers, peerExpirationInactivity); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed updating account peers while expiring peers for account %s", accountID)
 			return peerSchedulerRetryInterval, true
 		}
@@ -595,8 +746,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) peerInactivityExpirationJob(ctx context.Context
 // checkAndSchedulePeerInactivityExpiration periodically checks for inactive peers to end their sessions
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) checkAndSchedulePeerInactivityExpiration(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
 	am.peerInactivityExpiry.Cancel(ctx, []string{accountID})
+	jobCtx := context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
 	if nextRun, ok := am.getNextInactivePeerExpiration(ctx, accountID); ok {
-		go am.peerInactivityExpiry.Schedule(ctx, nextRun, accountID, am.peerInactivityExpirationJob(ctx, accountID))
+		go am.peerInactivityExpiry.Schedule(jobCtx, nextRun, accountID, am.peerInactivityExpirationJob(jobCtx, accountID))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -720,37 +872,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, u
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to build user infos for account %s: %v", accountID, err)
 	}
 
-	for _, otherUser := range account.Users {
-		if otherUser.Id == userID {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if otherUser.IsServiceUser {
-			err = am.deleteServiceUser(ctx, accountID, userID, otherUser)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		userInfo, ok := userInfosMap[otherUser.Id]
-		if !ok {
-			return status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "user info not found for user %s", otherUser.Id)
-		}
-
-		_, deleteUserErr := am.deleteRegularUser(ctx, accountID, userID, userInfo)
-		if deleteUserErr != nil {
-			return deleteUserErr
-		}
-	}
-
-	userInfo, ok := userInfosMap[userID]
-	if ok {
-		_, err = am.deleteRegularUser(ctx, accountID, userID, userInfo)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed deleting user %s. error: %s", userID, err)
-			return err
-		}
+	if err = am.deleteAccountUsers(ctx, accountID, userID, account.Users, userInfosMap); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
 	err = am.Store.DeleteAccount(ctx, account)
@@ -768,6 +891,40 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, u
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) deleteAccountUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID string, users map[string]*types.User, userInfosMap map[string]*types.UserInfo) error {
+	for _, otherUser := range users {
+		if otherUser.Id == initiatorUserID {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if otherUser.IsServiceUser {
+			if err := am.deleteServiceUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, otherUser); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		userInfo, ok := userInfosMap[otherUser.Id]
+		if !ok {
+			return status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "user info not found for user %s", otherUser.Id)
+		}
+
+		if _, err := am.deleteRegularUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, userInfo); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	userInfo, ok := userInfosMap[initiatorUserID]
+	if ok {
+		if _, err := am.deleteRegularUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, userInfo); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed deleting user %s. error: %s", initiatorUserID, err)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // AccountExists checks if an account exists.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AccountExists(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (bool, error) {
 	return am.Store.AccountExists(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
@@ -1392,7 +1549,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) updateUserAuthWithSingleMode(ctx context.Contex
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	userAuth.Domain = domain
+	// Keep the configured single account domain when the existing account has none
+	if domain != "" {
+		userAuth.Domain = domain
+	}
 
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("overriding JWT Domain and DomainCategory claims since single account mode is enabled")
 	return nil
@@ -1402,7 +1562,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) updateUserAuthWithSingleMode(ctx context.Contex
 // and propagates changes to peers if group propagation is enabled.
 // requires userAuth to have been ValidateAndParseToken and EnsureUserAccessByJWTGroups by the AuthManager
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) error {
-	if userAuth.IsChild || userAuth.IsPAT {
+	// Child accounts and PAT-authenticated requests do not sync JWT groups.
+	// Embedded-Dex local users also skip sync because local password authentication
+	// does not provide external IdP group claims.
+	if userAuth.IsChild || userAuth.IsPAT || dex.IsLocalUserID(userAuth.UserId) {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -1424,6 +1587,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx context.Context, userAuth
 	var removeOldGroups []string
 	var hasChanges bool
 	var user *types.User
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		user, err = transaction.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userAuth.UserId)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -1446,6 +1611,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx context.Context, userAuth
 			return nil
 		}
 
+		for _, g := range newGroupsToCreate {
+			g.PublicID = xid.New().String()
+		}
+
 		if err = transaction.CreateGroups(ctx, userAuth.AccountId, newGroupsToCreate); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("error saving groups: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -1458,14 +1627,25 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx context.Context, userAuth
 			return fmt.Errorf("error saving user: %w", err)
 		}
 
+		allGroupChanges := slices.Concat(addNewGroups, removeOldGroups)
+		// The user's auto-groups changed, so the SSH rules authorizing them ship a new
+		// group -> user mapping even when no peer moves between groups.
+		change.UserGroupIDs = allGroupChanges
+
+		// The user's peers are the changed entity in every scenario the sync can
+		// produce — group membership, IPv6 assignment, SSH mappings — so they refresh
+		// together with every peer they can connect to, like on a regular peer update.
+		userPeers, err := transaction.GetUserPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error getting user peers: %w", err)
+		}
+		for _, peer := range userPeers {
+			change.ChangedPeerIDs = append(change.ChangedPeerIDs, peer.ID)
+		}
+
 		// Propagate changes to peers if group propagation is enabled
 		if settings.GroupsPropagationEnabled {
-			peers, err := transaction.GetUserPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error getting user peers: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			for _, peer := range peers {
+			for _, peer := range userPeers {
 				for _, g := range addNewGroups {
 					if err := transaction.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, userAuth.AccountId, peer.ID, g); err != nil {
 						return fmt.Errorf("error adding peer %s to group %s: %w", peer.ID, g, err)
@@ -1478,11 +1658,21 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx context.Context, userAuth
 				}
 			}
 
+			change.LinkGroups = allGroupChanges
+
+			if err = am.reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges(ctx, transaction, userAuth.AccountId, allGroupChanges); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("reconcile IPv6 for group changes: %w", err)
+			}
+
 			if err = transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, userAuth.AccountId); err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("error incrementing network serial: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, userAuth.AccountId, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		return nil
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1519,20 +1709,17 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx context.Context, userAuth
 		}
 	}
 
-	removedGroupAffectsPeers, err := areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, am.Store, userAuth.AccountId, removeOldGroups)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	newGroupsAffectsPeers, err := areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, am.Store, userAuth.AccountId, addNewGroups)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if removedGroupAffectsPeers || newGroupsAffectsPeers {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("user %s: JWT group membership changed, updating account peers", userAuth.UserId)
-		am.BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, userAuth.AccountId)
-	}
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("user %s: JWT group membership changed, updating affected peers", userAuth.UserId)
+	bgCtx := context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
+	go func() {
+		affectedPeerIDs := snap.Expand(bgCtx, userAuth.AccountId, change)
+		if len(affectedPeerIDs) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		if err := am.networkMapController.BufferUpdateAffectedPeers(bgCtx, userAuth.AccountId, affectedPeerIDs, types.UpdateReason{Resource: types.UpdateResourceUser, Operation: types.UpdateOperationUpdate}); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(bgCtx).Errorf("failed to update affected peers after JWT group sync for account %s: %v", userAuth.AccountId, err)
+		}
+	}()
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1610,6 +1797,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) getAccountIDWithAuthorizationClaims(ctx context
 
 	return am.addNewPrivateAccount(ctx, domainAccountID, userAuth)
 }
+
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) getPrivateDomainWithGlobalLock(ctx context.Context, domain string) (string, context.CancelFunc, error) {
 	domainAccountID, err := am.Store.GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, domain)
 	if handleNotFound(err) != nil {
@@ -1688,47 +1876,44 @@ func domainIsUpToDate(domain string, domainCategory string, userAuth auth.UserAu
 	return domainCategory == types.PrivateCategory || userAuth.DomainCategory != types.PrivateCategory || domain != userAuth.Domain
 }
 
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) {
-	peer, netMap, postureChecks, dnsfwdPort, err := am.SyncPeer(ctx, types.PeerSync{WireGuardPubKey: peerPubKey, Meta: meta}, accountID)
+// SyncAndMarkPeer is the per-Sync entry point: it refreshes the peer's
+// network map and then marks the peer connected with a session token
+// derived from syncTime (the moment the gRPC stream opened). Any
+// concurrent stream that started earlier loses the optimistic-lock race
+// in MarkPeerConnected and bails without writing.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
+	peer, netMap, postureChecks, dnsfwdPort, err := am.SyncPeer(ctx, types.PeerSync{WireGuardPubKey: peerPubKey, Meta: meta, RealIP: realIP}, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("error syncing peer: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = am.MarkPeerConnected(ctx, peerPubKey, true, realIP, accountID, syncTime)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := am.MarkPeerConnected(ctx, peerPubKey, accountID, syncTime.UnixNano(), netMap); err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed marking peer as connected %s %v", peerPubKey, err)
 	}
 
 	return peer, netMap, postureChecks, dnsfwdPort, nil
 }
 
+// OnPeerDisconnected is invoked when a sync stream ends. It marks the
+// peer disconnected only when the stored SessionStartedAt matches the
+// nanosecond token derived from streamStartTime — i.e. only when this
+// is the stream that currently owns the peer's session. A mismatch
+// means a newer stream has already replaced us, so the disconnect is
+// dropped.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) OnPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, streamStartTime time.Time) error {
-	peer, err := am.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to get peer %s for disconnect check: %v", peerPubKey, err)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if peer.Status.LastSeen.After(streamStartTime) {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("peer %s has newer activity (lastSeen=%s > streamStart=%s), skipping disconnect",
-			peerPubKey, peer.Status.LastSeen.Format(time.RFC3339), streamStartTime.Format(time.RFC3339))
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	err = am.MarkPeerConnected(ctx, peerPubKey, false, nil, accountID, time.Now().UTC())
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := am.MarkPeerDisconnected(ctx, peerPubKey, accountID, streamStartTime.UnixNano()); err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed marking peer as disconnected %s %v", peerPubKey, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta) error {
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP) error {
 	accountID, err := am.Store.GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey(ctx, peerPubKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	_, _, _, _, err = am.SyncPeer(ctx, types.PeerSync{WireGuardPubKey: peerPubKey, Meta: meta, UpdateAccountPeers: true}, accountID)
+	_, _, _, _, err = am.SyncPeer(ctx, types.PeerSync{WireGuardPubKey: peerPubKey, Meta: meta, RealIP: realIP, UpdateAccountPeers: true}, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -1757,7 +1942,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) onPeersInvalidated(ctx context.Context, account
 		}
 	}
 	if len(peers) > 0 {
-		err := am.expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx, accountID, peers)
+		err := am.expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx, accountID, peers, peerExpirationValidationFailed)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to expire and update invalidated peers for account %s: %v", accountID, err)
 			return
@@ -1846,6 +2031,7 @@ func newAccountWithId(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domain, email, nam
 			Extra: &types.ExtraSettings{
 				UserApprovalRequired: true,
 			},
+			LazyConnectionEnabled: true,
 		},
 		Onboarding: types.AccountOnboarding{
 			OnboardingFlowPending: true,
@@ -1856,6 +2042,11 @@ func newAccountWithId(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, domain, email, nam
 	if err := acc.AddAllGroup(disableDefaultPolicy); err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error adding all group to account %s: %v", acc.Id, err)
 	}
+
+	if allGroup, err := acc.GetGroupAll(); err == nil {
+		acc.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{allGroup.ID}
+	}
+
 	return acc
 }
 
@@ -1962,6 +2153,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx context.C
 			return nil, false, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to add all group to new account by private domain")
 		}
 
+		if allGroup, err := newAccount.GetGroupAll(); err == nil {
+			newAccount.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{allGroup.ID}
+		}
+
 		if err := am.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, newAccount); err != nil {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
 				"accountId": newAccount.Id,
@@ -2023,7 +2218,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateToPrimaryAccount(ctx context.Context, acc
 
 // propagateUserGroupMemberships propagates all account users' group memberships to their peers.
 // Returns true if any groups were modified, true if those updates affect peers and an error.
-func propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string) (groupsUpdated bool, peersAffected bool, err error) {
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string) (groupsUpdated bool, peersAffected bool, err error) {
 	users, err := transaction.GetAccountUsers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, false, err
@@ -2045,29 +2240,13 @@ func propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store,
 		}
 	}
 
-	updatedGroups := []string{}
-	for _, user := range users {
-		userPeers, err := transaction.GetUserPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, user.Id)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, false, err
-		}
+	updatedGroups, err := propagateAutoGroupsForUsers(ctx, transaction, accountID, users, accountGroupPeers)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, false, err
+	}
 
-		for _, peer := range userPeers {
-			for _, groupID := range user.AutoGroups {
-				if _, exists := accountGroupPeers[groupID]; !exists {
-					// we do not wanna create the groups here
-					log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("group %s does not exist for user group propagation", groupID)
-					continue
-				}
-				if _, exists := accountGroupPeers[groupID][peer.ID]; exists {
-					continue
-				}
-				if err := transaction.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, groupID); err != nil {
-					return false, false, fmt.Errorf("error adding peer %s to group %s: %w", peer.ID, groupID, err)
-				}
-				updatedGroups = append(updatedGroups, groupID)
-			}
-		}
+	if err = am.reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges(ctx, transaction, accountID, updatedGroups); err != nil {
+		return false, false, fmt.Errorf("reconcile IPv6 for group changes: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	peersAffected, err = areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, updatedGroups)
@@ -2078,6 +2257,35 @@ func propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store,
 	return len(updatedGroups) > 0, peersAffected, nil
 }
 
+// propagateAutoGroupsForUsers adds each user's peers to their AutoGroups where not already present.
+// Returns the list of group IDs that were modified.
+func propagateAutoGroupsForUsers(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, users []*types.User, accountGroupPeers map[string]map[string]struct{}) ([]string, error) {
+	var updatedGroups []string
+	for _, user := range users {
+		userPeers, err := transaction.GetUserPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, user.Id)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		for _, peer := range userPeers {
+			for _, groupID := range user.AutoGroups {
+				if _, exists := accountGroupPeers[groupID]; !exists {
+					log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("group %s does not exist for user group propagation", groupID)
+					continue
+				}
+				if _, exists := accountGroupPeers[groupID][peer.ID]; exists {
+					continue
+				}
+				if err := transaction.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, groupID); err != nil {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("error adding peer %s to group %s: %w", peer.ID, groupID, err)
+				}
+				updatedGroups = append(updatedGroups, groupID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return updatedGroups, nil
+}
+
 // reallocateAccountPeerIPs re-allocates all peer IPs when the network range changes
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) reallocateAccountPeerIPs(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, newNetworkRange netip.Prefix) error {
 	if !newNetworkRange.IsValid() {
@@ -2099,10 +2307,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) reallocateAccountPeerIPs(ctx context.Context, t
 		return err
 	}
 
-	var takenIPs []net.IP
+	var takenIPs []netip.Addr
 
 	for _, peer := range peers {
-		newIP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(newIPNet, takenIPs)
+		newIP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(newNetworkRange, takenIPs)
 		if err != nil {
 			return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "allocate IP for peer %s: %v", peer.ID, err)
 		}
@@ -2126,13 +2334,204 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) reallocateAccountPeerIPs(ctx context.Context, t
 	return nil
 }
 
+// updatePeerIPv6Addresses assigns or removes IPv6 addresses for all peers
+// based on the current IPv6 settings. When IPv6 is enabled, peers without a
+// v6 address get one allocated. When disabled, all v6 addresses are cleared.
+// When the v6 range changes, all v6 addresses are reallocated.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) checkIPv6Collision(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, peerID string, newIPv6 netip.Addr) error {
+	peers, err := transaction.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthShare, accountID, "", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get peers: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		if p.ID != peerID && p.IPv6.IsValid() && p.IPv6 == newIPv6 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "IPv6 %s is already assigned to peer %s", newIPv6, p.Name)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) updatePeerIPv6Addresses(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, settings *types.Settings) error {
+	peers, err := transaction.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, "", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get peers: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	network, err := transaction.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get network: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := am.ensureIPv6Subnet(ctx, transaction, accountID, settings, network); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	allowedPeers, err := am.buildIPv6AllowedPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	v6Prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(network.NetV6.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse IPv6 prefix: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := am.assignPeerIPv6Addresses(ctx, transaction, accountID, peers, network, allowedPeers, v6Prefix); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("updated IPv6 addresses for %d peers in account %s (groups=%d)",
+		len(peers), accountID, len(settings.IPv6EnabledGroups))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges checks whether the given group IDs overlap with
+// the account's IPv6EnabledGroups. If they do, it runs a full IPv6 address
+// reconciliation so that peers gaining or losing membership in an IPv6-enabled
+// group get their addresses assigned or removed.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupIDs []string) error {
+	settings, err := transaction.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("get account settings: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !ipv6ReconcileNeeded(settings, groupIDs) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return am.updatePeerIPv6Addresses(ctx, transaction, accountID, settings)
+}
+
+// ipv6ReconcileNeeded reports whether changes to the given groups trigger an IPv6
+// reconciliation.
+func ipv6ReconcileNeeded(settings *types.Settings, groupIDs []string) bool {
+	for _, groupID := range groupIDs {
+		if slices.Contains(settings.IPv6EnabledGroups, groupID) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ensureIPv6Subnet(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, settings *types.Settings, network *types.Network) error {
+	if settings.NetworkRangeV6.IsValid() {
+		network.NetV6 = net.IPNet{
+			IP:   settings.NetworkRangeV6.Masked().Addr().AsSlice(),
+			Mask: net.CIDRMask(settings.NetworkRangeV6.Bits(), 128),
+		}
+		return transaction.UpdateAccountNetworkV6(ctx, accountID, network.NetV6)
+	}
+	if network.NetV6.IP == nil {
+		network.NetV6 = types.AllocateIPv6Subnet()
+
+		// Sync settings to match the allocated subnet so SaveAccountSettings persists it.
+		ones, _ := network.NetV6.Mask.Size()
+		addr, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(network.NetV6.IP)
+		settings.NetworkRangeV6 = netip.PrefixFrom(addr.Unmap(), ones)
+
+		return transaction.UpdateAccountNetworkV6(ctx, accountID, network.NetV6)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) assignPeerIPv6Addresses(
+	ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string,
+	peers []*nbpeer.Peer, network *types.Network,
+	allowedPeers map[string]struct{}, v6Prefix netip.Prefix,
+) error {
+	takenV6 := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{})
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		if _, ok := allowedPeers[peer.ID]; ok && peer.IPv6.IsValid() && network.NetV6.Contains(peer.IPv6.AsSlice()) {
+			takenV6[peer.IPv6] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		_, allowed := allowedPeers[peer.ID]
+		oldIPv6 := peer.IPv6
+
+		if !allowed {
+			peer.IPv6 = netip.Addr{}
+		} else if !peer.IPv6.IsValid() || !network.NetV6.Contains(peer.IPv6.AsSlice()) {
+			newIP, err := allocateIPv6WithRetry(v6Prefix, takenV6, peer.ID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			peer.IPv6 = newIP
+		}
+
+		if peer.IPv6 == oldIPv6 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if err := transaction.SavePeer(ctx, accountID, peer); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("save peer %s: %w", peer.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func allocateIPv6WithRetry(prefix netip.Prefix, taken map[netip.Addr]struct{}, peerID string) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	for attempts := 0; attempts < 10; attempts++ {
+		newIP, err := types.AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(prefix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("allocate v6 for peer %s: %w", peerID, err)
+		}
+		if _, ok := taken[newIP]; !ok {
+			taken[newIP] = struct{}{}
+			return newIP, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("allocate v6 for peer %s: exhausted 10 attempts", peerID)
+}
+
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) buildIPv6AllowedPeers(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, settings *types.Settings) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
+	if len(settings.IPv6EnabledGroups) == 0 {
+		return make(map[string]struct{}), nil
+	}
+
+	groups, err := transaction.GetAccountGroups(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get groups: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	enabledSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(settings.IPv6EnabledGroups))
+	for _, gid := range settings.IPv6EnabledGroups {
+		enabledSet[gid] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	allowedPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		if _, ok := enabledSet[group.ID]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, peerID := range group.Peers {
+			allowedPeers[peerID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Embedded proxy peers sit outside regular group membership but must
+	// participate in any v6-enabled overlay to reach v6-only peers.
+	peers, err := transaction.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, "", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get peers: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		if p.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
+			allowedPeers[p.ID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return allowedPeers, nil
+}
+
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) validateIPForUpdate(account *types.Account, peers []*nbpeer.Peer, peerID string, newIP netip.Addr) error {
 	if !account.Network.Net.Contains(newIP.AsSlice()) {
 		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "IP %s is not within the account network range %s", newIP.String(), account.Network.Net.String())
 	}
 
 	for _, peer := range peers {
-		if peer.ID != peerID && peer.IP.Equal(newIP.AsSlice()) {
+		if peer.ID != peerID && peer.IP == newIP {
 			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "IP %s is already assigned to peer %s", newIP.String(), peer.ID)
 		}
 	}
@@ -2150,7 +2549,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdatePeerIP(ctx context.Context, accountID, us
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, peer.AccountID, []string{peerID})
+		changedPeerIDs := []string{peerID}
+		affectedPeerIDs := am.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, am.Store, accountID, changedPeerIDs)
+		err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, peer.AccountID, changedPeerIDs, affectedPeerIDs)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("notify network map controller of peer update: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -2171,7 +2572,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) updatePeerIPInTransaction(ctx context.Context,
 			return fmt.Errorf("get peer: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		if existingPeer.IP.Equal(newIP.AsSlice()) {
+		if existingPeer.IP == newIP {
 			return nil
 		}
 
@@ -2206,7 +2607,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) savePeerIPUpdate(ctx context.Context, transacti
 	eventMeta := peer.EventMeta(dnsDomain)
 	oldIP := peer.IP.String()
 
-	peer.IP = newIP.AsSlice()
+	peer.IP = newIP
 	err = transaction.SavePeer(ctx, accountID, peer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("save peer: %w", err)
@@ -2219,6 +2620,86 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) savePeerIPUpdate(ctx context.Context, transacti
 	return nil
 }
 
+// UpdatePeerIPv6 updates the IPv6 overlay address of a peer, validating it's
+// within the account's v6 network range and not already taken.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdatePeerIPv6(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIPv6 netip.Addr) error {
+	allowed, ctx, err := am.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(ctx, accountID, userID, modules.Peers, operations.Update)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("validate user permissions: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !allowed {
+		return status.NewPermissionDeniedError()
+	}
+
+	var updateNetworkMap bool
+	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		var txErr error
+		updateNetworkMap, txErr = am.updatePeerIPv6InTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, peerID, newIPv6)
+		return txErr
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if updateNetworkMap {
+		changedPeerIDs := []string{peerID}
+		affectedPeerIDs := am.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, am.Store, accountID, changedPeerIDs)
+		if err := am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, changedPeerIDs, affectedPeerIDs); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("notify network map controller: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// updatePeerIPv6InTransaction validates and applies an IPv6 address change within a store transaction.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) updatePeerIPv6InTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, peerID string, newIPv6 netip.Addr) (bool, error) {
+	network, err := transaction.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, store.LockingStrengthShare, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("get network: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if network.NetV6.IP == nil {
+		return false, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "IPv6 is not configured for this account")
+	}
+
+	if !network.NetV6.Contains(newIPv6.AsSlice()) {
+		return false, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "IP %s is not within the account IPv6 range %s", newIPv6, network.NetV6.String())
+	}
+
+	settings, err := transaction.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthShare, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("get settings: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	allowedPeers, err := am.buildIPv6AllowedPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, settings)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if _, ok := allowedPeers[peerID]; !ok {
+		return false, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "peer is not in any IPv6-enabled group")
+	}
+
+	peer, err := transaction.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, peerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("get peer: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if peer.IPv6.IsValid() && peer.IPv6 == newIPv6 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := am.checkIPv6Collision(ctx, transaction, accountID, peerID, newIPv6); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	peer.IPv6 = newIPv6
+	if err := transaction.SavePeer(ctx, accountID, peer); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("save peer: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, error) {
 	return am.Store.GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, peerKey)
 }
diff --git a/management/server/account/manager.go b/management/server/account/manager.go
index 54d39cf7d..5842a46d0 100644
--- a/management/server/account/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/account/manager.go
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package account
 
-//go:generate go run github.com/golang/mock/mockgen -package account -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package account -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/users"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 )
 
 type ExternalCacheManager nbcache.UserDataCache
@@ -61,13 +63,15 @@ type Manager interface {
 	GetUserFromUserAuth(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) (*types.User, error)
 	ListUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*types.User, error)
 	GetPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, nameFilter, ipFilter string, all bool) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, error)
-	MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, connected bool, realIP net.IP, accountID string, syncTime time.Time) error
+	MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64, nmap *types.NetworkMap) error
+	MarkPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64) error
 	DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, userID string) error
 	UpdatePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, p *nbpeer.Peer) (*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	UpdatePeerIP(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIP netip.Addr) error
+	UpdatePeerIPv6(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIPv6 netip.Addr) error
 	GetNetworkMap(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types.NetworkMap, error)
 	GetPeerNetwork(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types.Network, error)
-	AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKey, userID string, p *nbpeer.Peer, temporary bool) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error)
+	AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKey, userID string, p *nbpeer.Peer, temporary bool) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error)
 	CreatePAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string, initiatorUserID string, targetUserID string, tokenName string, expiresIn int) (*types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated, error)
 	DeletePAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string, initiatorUserID string, targetUserID string, tokenID string) error
 	GetPAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string, initiatorUserID string, targetUserID string, tokenID string) (*types.PersonalAccessToken, error)
@@ -106,8 +110,9 @@ type Manager interface {
 	GetPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, userID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newSettings *types.Settings) (*types.Settings, error)
 	UpdateAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newOnboarding *types.AccountOnboarding) (*types.AccountOnboarding, error)
-	LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error)                       // used by peer gRPC API
-	SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) // used by peer gRPC API
+	LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error)                    // used by peer gRPC API
+	ExtendPeerSession(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error)                                                          // used by peer gRPC API for ExtendAuthSession
+	SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) // used by peer gRPC API
 	GetExternalCacheManager() ExternalCacheManager
 	GetPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, postureChecksID, userID string) (*posture.Checks, error)
 	SavePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, postureChecks *posture.Checks, create bool) (*posture.Checks, error)
@@ -117,15 +122,16 @@ type Manager interface {
 	UpdateIntegratedValidator(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, validator string, groups []string) error
 	GroupValidation(ctx context.Context, accountId string, groups []string) (bool, error)
 	GetValidatedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (map[string]struct{}, map[string]string, error)
-	SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error)
+	SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error)
 	OnPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, streamStartTime time.Time) error
-	SyncPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta) error
+	SyncPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP) error
 	FindExistingPostureCheck(accountID string, checks *posture.ChecksDefinition) (*posture.Checks, error)
 	GetAccountIDForPeerKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, error)
 	GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string) (*types.Settings, error)
 	DeleteSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, keyID string) error
-	UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string)
-	BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string)
+	UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason)
+	ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot, change affectedpeers.Change)
+	BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason)
 	BuildUserInfosForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID string, accountUsers []*types.User) (map[string]*types.UserInfo, error)
 	SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) error
 	GetStore() store.Store
diff --git a/management/server/account/manager_mock.go b/management/server/account/manager_mock.go
index 501560c01..34d2b8855 100644
--- a/management/server/account/manager_mock.go
+++ b/management/server/account/manager_mock.go
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: ./manager.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package account -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//
 
 // Package account is a generated GoMock package.
 package account
@@ -11,10 +16,10 @@ import (
 	reflect "reflect"
 	time "time"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	dns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	service "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	activity "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	affectedpeers "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	idp "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	peer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	posture "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
@@ -24,12 +29,15 @@ import (
 	route "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	auth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
 	domain "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	nmdata "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 // MockManager is a mock of Manager interface.
 type MockManager struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockManagerMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
 // MockManagerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockManager.
@@ -58,7 +66,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) AcceptUserInvite(ctx context.Context, token, password stri
 }
 
 // AcceptUserInvite indicates an expected call of AcceptUserInvite.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) AcceptUserInvite(ctx, token, password interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) AcceptUserInvite(ctx, token, password any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AcceptUserInvite", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).AcceptUserInvite), ctx, token, password)
 }
@@ -73,24 +81,25 @@ func (m *MockManager) AccountExists(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (bool
 }
 
 // AccountExists indicates an expected call of AccountExists.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) AccountExists(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) AccountExists(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AccountExists", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).AccountExists), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
 // AddPeer mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKey, userID string, p *peer.Peer, temporary bool) (*peer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKey, userID string, p *peer.Peer, temporary bool) (*peer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "AddPeer", ctx, accountID, setupKey, userID, p, temporary)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(*types.NetworkMap)
-	ret2, _ := ret[2].([]*posture.Checks)
-	ret3, _ := ret[3].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1, ret2, ret3
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(*types.Network)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].([]*nmdata.PostureChecks)
+	ret3, _ := ret[3].(bool)
+	ret4, _ := ret[4].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2, ret3, ret4
 }
 
 // AddPeer indicates an expected call of AddPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) AddPeer(ctx, accountID, setupKey, userID, p, temporary interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) AddPeer(ctx, accountID, setupKey, userID, p, temporary any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AddPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).AddPeer), ctx, accountID, setupKey, userID, p, temporary)
 }
@@ -105,21 +114,21 @@ func (m *MockManager) ApproveUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserI
 }
 
 // ApproveUser indicates an expected call of ApproveUser.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ApproveUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ApproveUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ApproveUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ApproveUser), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID)
 }
 
 // BufferUpdateAccountPeers mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
+func (m *MockManager) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	m.ctrl.Call(m, "BufferUpdateAccountPeers", ctx, accountID)
+	m.ctrl.Call(m, "BufferUpdateAccountPeers", ctx, accountID, reason)
 }
 
 // BufferUpdateAccountPeers indicates an expected call of BufferUpdateAccountPeers.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "BufferUpdateAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).BufferUpdateAccountPeers), ctx, accountID)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "BufferUpdateAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).BufferUpdateAccountPeers), ctx, accountID, reason)
 }
 
 // BuildUserInfosForAccount mocks base method.
@@ -132,7 +141,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) BuildUserInfosForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, i
 }
 
 // BuildUserInfosForAccount indicates an expected call of BuildUserInfosForAccount.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) BuildUserInfosForAccount(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, accountUsers interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) BuildUserInfosForAccount(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, accountUsers any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "BuildUserInfosForAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).BuildUserInfosForAccount), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, accountUsers)
 }
@@ -146,7 +155,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string,
 }
 
 // CreateGroup indicates an expected call of CreateGroup.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, group interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, group any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateGroup), ctx, accountID, userID, group)
 }
@@ -160,24 +169,24 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string
 }
 
 // CreateGroups indicates an expected call of CreateGroups.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateGroups(ctx, accountID, userID, newGroups interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateGroups(ctx, accountID, userID, newGroups any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateGroups), ctx, accountID, userID, newGroups)
 }
 
 // CreateIdentityProvider mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) CreateIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, idp *types.IdentityProvider) (*types.IdentityProvider, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) CreateIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, arg3 *types.IdentityProvider) (*types.IdentityProvider, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateIdentityProvider", ctx, accountID, userID, idp)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateIdentityProvider", ctx, accountID, userID, arg3)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.IdentityProvider)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // CreateIdentityProvider indicates an expected call of CreateIdentityProvider.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateIdentityProvider(ctx, accountID, userID, idp interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateIdentityProvider(ctx, accountID, userID, arg3 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateIdentityProvider", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateIdentityProvider), ctx, accountID, userID, idp)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateIdentityProvider", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateIdentityProvider), ctx, accountID, userID, arg3)
 }
 
 // CreateNameServerGroup mocks base method.
@@ -190,7 +199,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreateNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, name
 }
 
 // CreateNameServerGroup indicates an expected call of CreateNameServerGroup.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, name, description, nameServerList, groups, primary, domains, enabled, userID, searchDomainsEnabled interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, name, description, nameServerList, groups, primary, domains, enabled, userID, searchDomainsEnabled any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateNameServerGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateNameServerGroup), ctx, accountID, name, description, nameServerList, groups, primary, domains, enabled, userID, searchDomainsEnabled)
 }
@@ -205,7 +214,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreatePAT(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID,
 }
 
 // CreatePAT indicates an expected call of CreatePAT.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreatePAT(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenName, expiresIn interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreatePAT(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenName, expiresIn any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreatePAT", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreatePAT), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenName, expiresIn)
 }
@@ -219,7 +228,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreatePeerJob(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, user
 }
 
 // CreatePeerJob indicates an expected call of CreatePeerJob.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreatePeerJob(ctx, accountID, peerID, userID, job interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreatePeerJob(ctx, accountID, peerID, userID, job any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreatePeerJob", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreatePeerJob), ctx, accountID, peerID, userID, job)
 }
@@ -234,7 +243,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreateRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID string, prefix
 }
 
 // CreateRoute indicates an expected call of CreateRoute.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateRoute(ctx, accountID, prefix, networkType, domains, peerID, peerGroupIDs, description, netID, masquerade, metric, groups, accessControlGroupIDs, enabled, userID, keepRoute, skipAutoApply interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateRoute(ctx, accountID, prefix, networkType, domains, peerID, peerGroupIDs, description, netID, masquerade, metric, groups, accessControlGroupIDs, enabled, userID, keepRoute, skipAutoApply any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateRoute", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateRoute), ctx, accountID, prefix, networkType, domains, peerID, peerGroupIDs, description, netID, masquerade, metric, groups, accessControlGroupIDs, enabled, userID, keepRoute, skipAutoApply)
 }
@@ -249,7 +258,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreateSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, keyName str
 }
 
 // CreateSetupKey indicates an expected call of CreateSetupKey.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateSetupKey(ctx, accountID, keyName, keyType, expiresIn, autoGroups, usageLimit, userID, ephemeral, allowExtraDNSLabels interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateSetupKey(ctx, accountID, keyName, keyType, expiresIn, autoGroups, usageLimit, userID, ephemeral, allowExtraDNSLabels any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateSetupKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateSetupKey), ctx, accountID, keyName, keyType, expiresIn, autoGroups, usageLimit, userID, ephemeral, allowExtraDNSLabels)
 }
@@ -264,7 +273,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreateUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID
 }
 
 // CreateUser indicates an expected call of CreateUser.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, key interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, key any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateUser), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, key)
 }
@@ -279,7 +288,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) CreateUserInvite(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiator
 }
 
 // CreateUserInvite indicates an expected call of CreateUserInvite.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateUserInvite(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, invite, expiresIn interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) CreateUserInvite(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, invite, expiresIn any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateUserInvite", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).CreateUserInvite), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, invite, expiresIn)
 }
@@ -293,7 +302,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID strin
 }
 
 // DeleteAccount indicates an expected call of DeleteAccount.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteAccount(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteAccount(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteAccount), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -307,7 +316,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteGroup(ctx context.Context, accountId, userId, groupI
 }
 
 // DeleteGroup indicates an expected call of DeleteGroup.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteGroup(ctx, accountId, userId, groupID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteGroup(ctx, accountId, userId, groupID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteGroup), ctx, accountId, userId, groupID)
 }
@@ -321,7 +330,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteGroups(ctx context.Context, accountId, userId string
 }
 
 // DeleteGroups indicates an expected call of DeleteGroups.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteGroups(ctx, accountId, userId, groupIDs interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteGroups(ctx, accountId, userId, groupIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteGroups), ctx, accountId, userId, groupIDs)
 }
@@ -335,7 +344,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, idp
 }
 
 // DeleteIdentityProvider indicates an expected call of DeleteIdentityProvider.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteIdentityProvider(ctx, accountID, idpID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteIdentityProvider(ctx, accountID, idpID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteIdentityProvider", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteIdentityProvider), ctx, accountID, idpID, userID)
 }
@@ -349,7 +358,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, nsGr
 }
 
 // DeleteNameServerGroup indicates an expected call of DeleteNameServerGroup.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, nsGroupID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, nsGroupID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteNameServerGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteNameServerGroup), ctx, accountID, nsGroupID, userID)
 }
@@ -363,7 +372,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeletePAT(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID,
 }
 
 // DeletePAT indicates an expected call of DeletePAT.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePAT(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePAT(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePAT", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeletePAT), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenID)
 }
@@ -377,7 +386,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, userID
 }
 
 // DeletePeer indicates an expected call of DeletePeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeletePeer), ctx, accountID, peerID, userID)
 }
@@ -391,7 +400,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, policyID, use
 }
 
 // DeletePolicy indicates an expected call of DeletePolicy.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, policyID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, policyID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePolicy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeletePolicy), ctx, accountID, policyID, userID)
 }
@@ -405,7 +414,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeletePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, postur
 }
 
 // DeletePostureChecks indicates an expected call of DeletePostureChecks.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePostureChecks(ctx, accountID, postureChecksID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeletePostureChecks(ctx, accountID, postureChecksID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePostureChecks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeletePostureChecks), ctx, accountID, postureChecksID, userID)
 }
@@ -419,7 +428,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteRegularUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiat
 }
 
 // DeleteRegularUsers indicates an expected call of DeleteRegularUsers.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteRegularUsers(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserIDs, userInfos interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteRegularUsers(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserIDs, userInfos any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteRegularUsers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteRegularUsers), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserIDs, userInfos)
 }
@@ -433,7 +442,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID string, routeID
 }
 
 // DeleteRoute indicates an expected call of DeleteRoute.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteRoute(ctx, accountID, routeID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteRoute(ctx, accountID, routeID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteRoute", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteRoute), ctx, accountID, routeID, userID)
 }
@@ -447,7 +456,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, key
 }
 
 // DeleteSetupKey indicates an expected call of DeleteSetupKey.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteSetupKey(ctx, accountID, userID, keyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteSetupKey(ctx, accountID, userID, keyID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteSetupKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteSetupKey), ctx, accountID, userID, keyID)
 }
@@ -461,7 +470,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID
 }
 
 // DeleteUser indicates an expected call of DeleteUser.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteUser), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID)
 }
@@ -475,11 +484,38 @@ func (m *MockManager) DeleteUserInvite(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiator
 }
 
 // DeleteUserInvite indicates an expected call of DeleteUserInvite.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteUserInvite(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, inviteID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) DeleteUserInvite(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, inviteID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteUserInvite", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).DeleteUserInvite), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, inviteID)
 }
 
+// ExpandAndUpdateAffected mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot, change affectedpeers.Change) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	m.ctrl.Call(m, "ExpandAndUpdateAffected", ctx, accountID, snap, change)
+}
+
+// ExpandAndUpdateAffected indicates an expected call of ExpandAndUpdateAffected.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ExpandAndUpdateAffected", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ExpandAndUpdateAffected), ctx, accountID, snap, change)
+}
+
+// ExtendPeerSession mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) ExtendPeerSession(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ExtendPeerSession", ctx, peerPubKey, userID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(time.Time)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// ExtendPeerSession indicates an expected call of ExtendPeerSession.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ExtendPeerSession(ctx, peerPubKey, userID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ExtendPeerSession", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ExtendPeerSession), ctx, peerPubKey, userID)
+}
+
 // FindExistingPostureCheck mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) FindExistingPostureCheck(accountID string, checks *posture.ChecksDefinition) (*posture.Checks, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -490,7 +526,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) FindExistingPostureCheck(accountID string, checks *posture
 }
 
 // FindExistingPostureCheck indicates an expected call of FindExistingPostureCheck.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) FindExistingPostureCheck(accountID, checks interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) FindExistingPostureCheck(accountID, checks any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "FindExistingPostureCheck", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).FindExistingPostureCheck), accountID, checks)
 }
@@ -505,7 +541,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.
 }
 
 // GetAccount indicates an expected call of GetAccount.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccount(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccount(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccount), ctx, accountID)
 }
@@ -520,7 +556,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAccountByID(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID stri
 }
 
 // GetAccountByID indicates an expected call of GetAccountByID.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountByID(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountByID(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountByID), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -535,7 +571,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAccountIDByUserID(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.Us
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDByUserID indicates an expected call of GetAccountIDByUserID.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByUserID(ctx, userAuth interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByUserID(ctx, userAuth any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountIDByUserID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountIDByUserID), ctx, userAuth)
 }
@@ -550,7 +586,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAccountIDForPeerKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDForPeerKey indicates an expected call of GetAccountIDForPeerKey.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountIDForPeerKey(ctx, peerKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountIDForPeerKey(ctx, peerKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountIDForPeerKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountIDForPeerKey), ctx, peerKey)
 }
@@ -566,7 +602,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAccountIDFromUserAuth(ctx context.Context, userAuth aut
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDFromUserAuth indicates an expected call of GetAccountIDFromUserAuth.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountIDFromUserAuth(ctx, userAuth interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountIDFromUserAuth(ctx, userAuth any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountIDFromUserAuth", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountIDFromUserAuth), ctx, userAuth)
 }
@@ -581,7 +617,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAccountMeta(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID stri
 }
 
 // GetAccountMeta indicates an expected call of GetAccountMeta.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountMeta(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountMeta(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountMeta", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountMeta), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -596,7 +632,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, accountID, userI
 }
 
 // GetAccountOnboarding indicates an expected call of GetAccountOnboarding.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountOnboarding(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountOnboarding(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountOnboarding", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountOnboarding), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -611,7 +647,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID
 }
 
 // GetAccountSettings indicates an expected call of GetAccountSettings.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAccountSettings), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -626,7 +662,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAllGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string
 }
 
 // GetAllGroups indicates an expected call of GetAllGroups.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllGroups(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllGroups(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAllGroups), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -641,7 +677,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAllPATs(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID
 }
 
 // GetAllPATs indicates an expected call of GetAllPATs.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllPATs(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllPATs(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllPATs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAllPATs), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID)
 }
@@ -656,7 +692,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetAllPeerJobs(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, pee
 }
 
 // GetAllPeerJobs indicates an expected call of GetAllPeerJobs.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllPeerJobs(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetAllPeerJobs(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllPeerJobs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetAllPeerJobs), ctx, accountID, userID, peerID)
 }
@@ -671,7 +707,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetCurrentUserInfo(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.User
 }
 
 // GetCurrentUserInfo indicates an expected call of GetCurrentUserInfo.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetCurrentUserInfo(ctx, userAuth interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetCurrentUserInfo(ctx, userAuth any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetCurrentUserInfo", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetCurrentUserInfo), ctx, userAuth)
 }
@@ -686,7 +722,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID stri
 }
 
 // GetDNSSettings indicates an expected call of GetDNSSettings.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetDNSSettings(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetDNSSettings(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetDNSSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetDNSSettings), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -701,7 +737,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetEvents(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) (
 }
 
 // GetEvents indicates an expected call of GetEvents.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetEvents(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetEvents(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetEvents", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetEvents), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -730,7 +766,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetGroup(ctx context.Context, accountId, groupID, userID s
 }
 
 // GetGroup indicates an expected call of GetGroup.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetGroup(ctx, accountId, groupID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetGroup(ctx, accountId, groupID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetGroup), ctx, accountId, groupID, userID)
 }
@@ -745,7 +781,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetGroupByName(ctx context.Context, groupName, accountID s
 }
 
 // GetGroupByName indicates an expected call of GetGroupByName.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetGroupByName(ctx, groupName, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetGroupByName(ctx, groupName, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetGroupByName", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetGroupByName), ctx, groupName, accountID)
 }
@@ -760,7 +796,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, idpID,
 }
 
 // GetIdentityProvider indicates an expected call of GetIdentityProvider.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetIdentityProvider(ctx, accountID, idpID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetIdentityProvider(ctx, accountID, idpID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetIdentityProvider", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetIdentityProvider), ctx, accountID, idpID, userID)
 }
@@ -775,7 +811,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetIdentityProviders(ctx context.Context, accountID, userI
 }
 
 // GetIdentityProviders indicates an expected call of GetIdentityProviders.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetIdentityProviders(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetIdentityProviders(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetIdentityProviders", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetIdentityProviders), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -804,7 +840,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID,
 }
 
 // GetNameServerGroup indicates an expected call of GetNameServerGroup.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, nsGroupID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, nsGroupID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNameServerGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetNameServerGroup), ctx, accountID, userID, nsGroupID)
 }
@@ -819,15 +855,15 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetNetworkMap(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types.
 }
 
 // GetNetworkMap indicates an expected call of GetNetworkMap.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetNetworkMap(ctx, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetNetworkMap(ctx, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkMap", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetNetworkMap), ctx, peerID)
 }
 
 // GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, initiatorId, domain string) (*types.Account, bool, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, initiatorId, arg2 string) (*types.Account, bool, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain", ctx, initiatorId, domain)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain", ctx, initiatorId, arg2)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Account)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(bool)
 	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
@@ -835,9 +871,9 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, ini
 }
 
 // GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain indicates an expected call of GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx, initiatorId, domain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx, initiatorId, arg2 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain), ctx, initiatorId, domain)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomain), ctx, initiatorId, arg2)
 }
 
 // GetOrCreateAccountByUser mocks base method.
@@ -850,7 +886,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetOrCreateAccountByUser(ctx context.Context, userAuth aut
 }
 
 // GetOrCreateAccountByUser indicates an expected call of GetOrCreateAccountByUser.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetOrCreateAccountByUser(ctx, userAuth interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetOrCreateAccountByUser(ctx, userAuth any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetOrCreateAccountByUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetOrCreateAccountByUser), ctx, userAuth)
 }
@@ -865,7 +901,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetOwnerInfo(ctx context.Context, accountId string) (*type
 }
 
 // GetOwnerInfo indicates an expected call of GetOwnerInfo.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetOwnerInfo(ctx, accountId interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetOwnerInfo(ctx, accountId any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetOwnerInfo", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetOwnerInfo), ctx, accountId)
 }
@@ -880,7 +916,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPAT(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID, ta
 }
 
 // GetPAT indicates an expected call of GetPAT.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPAT(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPAT(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPAT", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPAT), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenID)
 }
@@ -895,7 +931,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, userID str
 }
 
 // GetPeer indicates an expected call of GetPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeer(ctx, accountID, peerID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeer), ctx, accountID, peerID, userID)
 }
@@ -910,7 +946,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPeerGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID strin
 }
 
 // GetPeerGroups indicates an expected call of GetPeerGroups.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerGroups(ctx, accountID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerGroups(ctx, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerGroups), ctx, accountID, peerID)
 }
@@ -925,7 +961,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPeerJobByID(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, pee
 }
 
 // GetPeerJobByID indicates an expected call of GetPeerJobByID.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerJobByID(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, jobID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerJobByID(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, jobID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerJobByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerJobByID), ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, jobID)
 }
@@ -940,7 +976,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPeerNetwork(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types
 }
 
 // GetPeerNetwork indicates an expected call of GetPeerNetwork.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerNetwork(ctx, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeerNetwork(ctx, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerNetwork", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeerNetwork), ctx, peerID)
 }
@@ -955,7 +991,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, nameFilte
 }
 
 // GetPeers indicates an expected call of GetPeers.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeers(ctx, accountID, userID, nameFilter, ipFilter, all interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPeers(ctx, accountID, userID, nameFilter, ipFilter, all any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPeers), ctx, accountID, userID, nameFilter, ipFilter, all)
 }
@@ -970,7 +1006,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, policyID, userID
 }
 
 // GetPolicy indicates an expected call of GetPolicy.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPolicy(ctx, accountID, policyID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPolicy(ctx, accountID, policyID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPolicy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPolicy), ctx, accountID, policyID, userID)
 }
@@ -985,7 +1021,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, postureCh
 }
 
 // GetPostureChecks indicates an expected call of GetPostureChecks.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPostureChecks(ctx, accountID, postureChecksID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetPostureChecks(ctx, accountID, postureChecksID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPostureChecks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetPostureChecks), ctx, accountID, postureChecksID, userID)
 }
@@ -1000,7 +1036,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID string, routeID ro
 }
 
 // GetRoute indicates an expected call of GetRoute.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetRoute(ctx, accountID, routeID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetRoute(ctx, accountID, routeID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetRoute", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetRoute), ctx, accountID, routeID, userID)
 }
@@ -1015,7 +1051,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, keyID
 }
 
 // GetSetupKey indicates an expected call of GetSetupKey.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetSetupKey(ctx, accountID, userID, keyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetSetupKey(ctx, accountID, userID, keyID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetSetupKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetSetupKey), ctx, accountID, userID, keyID)
 }
@@ -1044,7 +1080,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetUserByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*types.User,
 }
 
 // GetUserByID indicates an expected call of GetUserByID.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUserByID(ctx, id interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUserByID(ctx, id any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetUserByID), ctx, id)
 }
@@ -1059,7 +1095,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetUserFromUserAuth(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.Use
 }
 
 // GetUserFromUserAuth indicates an expected call of GetUserFromUserAuth.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUserFromUserAuth(ctx, userAuth interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUserFromUserAuth(ctx, userAuth any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserFromUserAuth", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetUserFromUserAuth), ctx, userAuth)
 }
@@ -1074,7 +1110,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (s
 }
 
 // GetUserIDByPeerKey indicates an expected call of GetUserIDByPeerKey.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx, peerKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx, peerKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserIDByPeerKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetUserIDByPeerKey), ctx, peerKey)
 }
@@ -1089,7 +1125,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetUserInviteInfo(ctx context.Context, token string) (*typ
 }
 
 // GetUserInviteInfo indicates an expected call of GetUserInviteInfo.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUserInviteInfo(ctx, token interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUserInviteInfo(ctx, token any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserInviteInfo", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetUserInviteInfo), ctx, token)
 }
@@ -1104,7 +1140,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetUsersFromAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID
 }
 
 // GetUsersFromAccount indicates an expected call of GetUsersFromAccount.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUsersFromAccount(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetUsersFromAccount(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUsersFromAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetUsersFromAccount), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -1120,7 +1156,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetValidatedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (
 }
 
 // GetValidatedPeers indicates an expected call of GetValidatedPeers.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetValidatedPeers(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetValidatedPeers(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetValidatedPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetValidatedPeers), ctx, accountID)
 }
@@ -1134,7 +1170,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GroupAddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountId, groupID, peer
 }
 
 // GroupAddPeer indicates an expected call of GroupAddPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GroupAddPeer(ctx, accountId, groupID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GroupAddPeer(ctx, accountId, groupID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GroupAddPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GroupAddPeer), ctx, accountId, groupID, peerID)
 }
@@ -1148,7 +1184,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GroupDeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountId, groupID, p
 }
 
 // GroupDeletePeer indicates an expected call of GroupDeletePeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GroupDeletePeer(ctx, accountId, groupID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GroupDeletePeer(ctx, accountId, groupID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GroupDeletePeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GroupDeletePeer), ctx, accountId, groupID, peerID)
 }
@@ -1163,7 +1199,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GroupValidation(ctx context.Context, accountId string, gro
 }
 
 // GroupValidation indicates an expected call of GroupValidation.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GroupValidation(ctx, accountId, groups interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GroupValidation(ctx, accountId, groups any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GroupValidation", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GroupValidation), ctx, accountId, groups)
 }
@@ -1177,7 +1213,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) InviteUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID
 }
 
 // InviteUser indicates an expected call of InviteUser.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) InviteUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) InviteUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "InviteUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).InviteUser), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID)
 }
@@ -1192,7 +1228,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) ListNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userI
 }
 
 // ListNameServerGroups indicates an expected call of ListNameServerGroups.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListNameServerGroups(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListNameServerGroups(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListNameServerGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ListNameServerGroups), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -1207,7 +1243,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) ListPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string
 }
 
 // ListPolicies indicates an expected call of ListPolicies.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListPolicies(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListPolicies(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListPolicies", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ListPolicies), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -1222,7 +1258,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) ListPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID s
 }
 
 // ListPostureChecks indicates an expected call of ListPostureChecks.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListPostureChecks(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListPostureChecks(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListPostureChecks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ListPostureChecks), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -1237,7 +1273,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) ListRoutes(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string)
 }
 
 // ListRoutes indicates an expected call of ListRoutes.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListRoutes(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListRoutes(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListRoutes", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ListRoutes), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -1252,7 +1288,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) ListSetupKeys(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID strin
 }
 
 // ListSetupKeys indicates an expected call of ListSetupKeys.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListSetupKeys(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListSetupKeys(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListSetupKeys", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ListSetupKeys), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -1267,7 +1303,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) ListUserInvites(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorU
 }
 
 // ListUserInvites indicates an expected call of ListUserInvites.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListUserInvites(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListUserInvites(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListUserInvites", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ListUserInvites), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID)
 }
@@ -1282,40 +1318,55 @@ func (m *MockManager) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*types
 }
 
 // ListUsers indicates an expected call of ListUsers.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListUsers(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) ListUsers(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListUsers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).ListUsers), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
 // LoginPeer mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*peer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*peer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "LoginPeer", ctx, login)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
-	ret1, _ := ret[1].(*types.NetworkMap)
-	ret2, _ := ret[2].([]*posture.Checks)
-	ret3, _ := ret[3].(error)
-	return ret0, ret1, ret2, ret3
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(*types.Network)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].([]*nmdata.PostureChecks)
+	ret3, _ := ret[3].(bool)
+	ret4, _ := ret[4].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2, ret3, ret4
 }
 
 // LoginPeer indicates an expected call of LoginPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) LoginPeer(ctx, login interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) LoginPeer(ctx, login any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "LoginPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).LoginPeer), ctx, login)
 }
 
 // MarkPeerConnected mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, connected bool, realIP net.IP, accountID string, syncTime time.Time) error {
+func (m *MockManager) MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64, nmap *types.NetworkMap) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MarkPeerConnected", ctx, peerKey, connected, realIP, accountID, syncTime)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MarkPeerConnected", ctx, peerKey, accountID, sessionStartedAt, nmap)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // MarkPeerConnected indicates an expected call of MarkPeerConnected.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) MarkPeerConnected(ctx, peerKey, connected, realIP, accountID, syncTime interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) MarkPeerConnected(ctx, peerKey, accountID, sessionStartedAt, nmap any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPeerConnected", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).MarkPeerConnected), ctx, peerKey, connected, realIP, accountID, syncTime)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPeerConnected", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).MarkPeerConnected), ctx, peerKey, accountID, sessionStartedAt, nmap)
+}
+
+// MarkPeerDisconnected mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) MarkPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MarkPeerDisconnected", ctx, peerKey, accountID, sessionStartedAt)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// MarkPeerDisconnected indicates an expected call of MarkPeerDisconnected.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) MarkPeerDisconnected(ctx, peerKey, accountID, sessionStartedAt any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPeerDisconnected", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).MarkPeerDisconnected), ctx, peerKey, accountID, sessionStartedAt)
 }
 
 // OnPeerDisconnected mocks base method.
@@ -1327,7 +1378,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) OnPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerPub
 }
 
 // OnPeerDisconnected indicates an expected call of OnPeerDisconnected.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) OnPeerDisconnected(ctx, accountID, peerPubKey, streamStartTime interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) OnPeerDisconnected(ctx, accountID, peerPubKey, streamStartTime any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "OnPeerDisconnected", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).OnPeerDisconnected), ctx, accountID, peerPubKey, streamStartTime)
 }
@@ -1342,7 +1393,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) RegenerateUserInvite(ctx context.Context, accountID, initi
 }
 
 // RegenerateUserInvite indicates an expected call of RegenerateUserInvite.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) RegenerateUserInvite(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, inviteID, expiresIn interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) RegenerateUserInvite(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, inviteID, expiresIn any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RegenerateUserInvite", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).RegenerateUserInvite), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, inviteID, expiresIn)
 }
@@ -1356,7 +1407,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) RejectUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID
 }
 
 // RejectUser indicates an expected call of RejectUser.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) RejectUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) RejectUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RejectUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).RejectUser), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID)
 }
@@ -1370,7 +1421,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SaveDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID str
 }
 
 // SaveDNSSettings indicates an expected call of SaveDNSSettings.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveDNSSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, dnsSettingsToSave interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveDNSSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, dnsSettingsToSave any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveDNSSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SaveDNSSettings), ctx, accountID, userID, dnsSettingsToSave)
 }
@@ -1384,7 +1435,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID
 }
 
 // SaveNameServerGroup indicates an expected call of SaveNameServerGroup.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, nsGroupToSave interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, nsGroupToSave any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveNameServerGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SaveNameServerGroup), ctx, accountID, userID, nsGroupToSave)
 }
@@ -1399,7 +1450,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SaveOrAddUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUse
 }
 
 // SaveOrAddUser indicates an expected call of SaveOrAddUser.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveOrAddUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, update, addIfNotExists interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveOrAddUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, update, addIfNotExists any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveOrAddUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SaveOrAddUser), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, update, addIfNotExists)
 }
@@ -1414,7 +1465,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SaveOrAddUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUs
 }
 
 // SaveOrAddUsers indicates an expected call of SaveOrAddUsers.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveOrAddUsers(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, updates, addIfNotExists interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveOrAddUsers(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, updates, addIfNotExists any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveOrAddUsers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SaveOrAddUsers), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, updates, addIfNotExists)
 }
@@ -1429,7 +1480,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string,
 }
 
 // SavePolicy indicates an expected call of SavePolicy.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, policy, create interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, policy, create any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePolicy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SavePolicy), ctx, accountID, userID, policy, create)
 }
@@ -1444,23 +1495,23 @@ func (m *MockManager) SavePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID s
 }
 
 // SavePostureChecks indicates an expected call of SavePostureChecks.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SavePostureChecks(ctx, accountID, userID, postureChecks, create interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SavePostureChecks(ctx, accountID, userID, postureChecks, create any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePostureChecks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SavePostureChecks), ctx, accountID, userID, postureChecks, create)
 }
 
 // SaveRoute mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) SaveRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, route *route.Route) error {
+func (m *MockManager) SaveRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, arg3 *route.Route) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveRoute", ctx, accountID, userID, route)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveRoute", ctx, accountID, userID, arg3)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // SaveRoute indicates an expected call of SaveRoute.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveRoute(ctx, accountID, userID, route interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveRoute(ctx, accountID, userID, arg3 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveRoute", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SaveRoute), ctx, accountID, userID, route)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveRoute", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SaveRoute), ctx, accountID, userID, arg3)
 }
 
 // SaveSetupKey mocks base method.
@@ -1473,7 +1524,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SaveSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID string, key *t
 }
 
 // SaveSetupKey indicates an expected call of SaveSetupKey.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveSetupKey(ctx, accountID, key, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveSetupKey(ctx, accountID, key, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveSetupKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SaveSetupKey), ctx, accountID, key, userID)
 }
@@ -1488,7 +1539,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SaveUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID s
 }
 
 // SaveUser indicates an expected call of SaveUser.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, update interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SaveUser(ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, update any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SaveUser), ctx, accountID, initiatorUserID, update)
 }
@@ -1500,7 +1551,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SetServiceManager(serviceManager service.Manager) {
 }
 
 // SetServiceManager indicates an expected call of SetServiceManager.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetServiceManager(serviceManager interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SetServiceManager(serviceManager any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetServiceManager", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SetServiceManager), serviceManager)
 }
@@ -1512,59 +1563,59 @@ func (m *MockManager) StoreEvent(ctx context.Context, initiatorID, targetID, acc
 }
 
 // StoreEvent indicates an expected call of StoreEvent.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) StoreEvent(ctx, initiatorID, targetID, accountID, activityID, meta interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) StoreEvent(ctx, initiatorID, targetID, accountID, activityID, meta any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "StoreEvent", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).StoreEvent), ctx, initiatorID, targetID, accountID, activityID, meta)
 }
 
 // SyncAndMarkPeer mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerPubKey string, meta peer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*peer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerPubKey string, meta peer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*peer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SyncAndMarkPeer", ctx, accountID, peerPubKey, meta, realIP, syncTime)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(*types.NetworkMap)
-	ret2, _ := ret[2].([]*posture.Checks)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].([]*nmdata.PostureChecks)
 	ret3, _ := ret[3].(int64)
 	ret4, _ := ret[4].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1, ret2, ret3, ret4
 }
 
 // SyncAndMarkPeer indicates an expected call of SyncAndMarkPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx, accountID, peerPubKey, meta, realIP, syncTime interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx, accountID, peerPubKey, meta, realIP, syncTime any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SyncAndMarkPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SyncAndMarkPeer), ctx, accountID, peerPubKey, meta, realIP, syncTime)
 }
 
 // SyncPeer mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*peer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*peer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SyncPeer", ctx, sync, accountID)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(*types.NetworkMap)
-	ret2, _ := ret[2].([]*posture.Checks)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].([]*nmdata.PostureChecks)
 	ret3, _ := ret[3].(int64)
 	ret4, _ := ret[4].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1, ret2, ret3, ret4
 }
 
 // SyncPeer indicates an expected call of SyncPeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SyncPeer(ctx, sync, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SyncPeer(ctx, sync, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SyncPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SyncPeer), ctx, sync, accountID)
 }
 
 // SyncPeerMeta mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) SyncPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta peer.PeerSystemMeta) error {
+func (m *MockManager) SyncPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta peer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SyncPeerMeta", ctx, peerPubKey, meta)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SyncPeerMeta", ctx, peerPubKey, meta, realIP)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // SyncPeerMeta indicates an expected call of SyncPeerMeta.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SyncPeerMeta(ctx, peerPubKey, meta interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SyncPeerMeta(ctx, peerPubKey, meta, realIP any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SyncPeerMeta", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SyncPeerMeta), ctx, peerPubKey, meta)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SyncPeerMeta", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SyncPeerMeta), ctx, peerPubKey, meta, realIP)
 }
 
 // SyncUserJWTGroups mocks base method.
@@ -1576,7 +1627,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserA
 }
 
 // SyncUserJWTGroups indicates an expected call of SyncUserJWTGroups.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx, userAuth interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx, userAuth any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SyncUserJWTGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).SyncUserJWTGroups), ctx, userAuth)
 }
@@ -1591,21 +1642,21 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdateAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, accountID, us
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountOnboarding indicates an expected call of UpdateAccountOnboarding.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateAccountOnboarding(ctx, accountID, userID, newOnboarding interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateAccountOnboarding(ctx, accountID, userID, newOnboarding any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountOnboarding", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateAccountOnboarding), ctx, accountID, userID, newOnboarding)
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountPeers mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
+func (m *MockManager) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateAccountPeers", ctx, accountID)
+	m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateAccountPeers", ctx, accountID, reason)
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountPeers indicates an expected call of UpdateAccountPeers.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateAccountPeers), ctx, accountID)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateAccountPeers), ctx, accountID, reason)
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountSettings mocks base method.
@@ -1618,7 +1669,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountSettings indicates an expected call of UpdateAccountSettings.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, newSettings interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, newSettings any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateAccountSettings), ctx, accountID, userID, newSettings)
 }
@@ -1632,7 +1683,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string,
 }
 
 // UpdateGroup indicates an expected call of UpdateGroup.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, group interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, group any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateGroup), ctx, accountID, userID, group)
 }
@@ -1646,24 +1697,24 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string
 }
 
 // UpdateGroups indicates an expected call of UpdateGroups.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateGroups(ctx, accountID, userID, newGroups interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateGroups(ctx, accountID, userID, newGroups any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateGroups), ctx, accountID, userID, newGroups)
 }
 
 // UpdateIdentityProvider mocks base method.
-func (m *MockManager) UpdateIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, idpID, userID string, idp *types.IdentityProvider) (*types.IdentityProvider, error) {
+func (m *MockManager) UpdateIdentityProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, idpID, userID string, arg4 *types.IdentityProvider) (*types.IdentityProvider, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateIdentityProvider", ctx, accountID, idpID, userID, idp)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateIdentityProvider", ctx, accountID, idpID, userID, arg4)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.IdentityProvider)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // UpdateIdentityProvider indicates an expected call of UpdateIdentityProvider.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateIdentityProvider(ctx, accountID, idpID, userID, idp interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateIdentityProvider(ctx, accountID, idpID, userID, arg4 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateIdentityProvider", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateIdentityProvider), ctx, accountID, idpID, userID, idp)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateIdentityProvider", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateIdentityProvider), ctx, accountID, idpID, userID, arg4)
 }
 
 // UpdateIntegratedValidator mocks base method.
@@ -1675,7 +1726,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdateIntegratedValidator(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 }
 
 // UpdateIntegratedValidator indicates an expected call of UpdateIntegratedValidator.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateIntegratedValidator(ctx, accountID, userID, validator, groups interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateIntegratedValidator(ctx, accountID, userID, validator, groups any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateIntegratedValidator", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateIntegratedValidator), ctx, accountID, userID, validator, groups)
 }
@@ -1690,7 +1741,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdatePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string,
 }
 
 // UpdatePeer indicates an expected call of UpdatePeer.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdatePeer(ctx, accountID, userID, p interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdatePeer(ctx, accountID, userID, p any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdatePeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdatePeer), ctx, accountID, userID, p)
 }
@@ -1704,11 +1755,25 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdatePeerIP(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerI
 }
 
 // UpdatePeerIP indicates an expected call of UpdatePeerIP.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdatePeerIP(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, newIP interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdatePeerIP(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, newIP any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdatePeerIP", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdatePeerIP), ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, newIP)
 }
 
+// UpdatePeerIPv6 mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) UpdatePeerIPv6(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIPv6 netip.Addr) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdatePeerIPv6", ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, newIPv6)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// UpdatePeerIPv6 indicates an expected call of UpdatePeerIPv6.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdatePeerIPv6(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, newIPv6 any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdatePeerIPv6", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdatePeerIPv6), ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, newIPv6)
+}
+
 // UpdateToPrimaryAccount mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) UpdateToPrimaryAccount(ctx context.Context, accountId string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -1718,7 +1783,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdateToPrimaryAccount(ctx context.Context, accountId stri
 }
 
 // UpdateToPrimaryAccount indicates an expected call of UpdateToPrimaryAccount.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateToPrimaryAccount(ctx, accountId interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateToPrimaryAccount(ctx, accountId any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateToPrimaryAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateToPrimaryAccount), ctx, accountId)
 }
@@ -1732,7 +1797,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdateUserPassword(ctx context.Context, accountID, current
 }
 
 // UpdateUserPassword indicates an expected call of UpdateUserPassword.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateUserPassword(ctx, accountID, currentUserID, targetUserID, oldPassword, newPassword interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateUserPassword(ctx, accountID, currentUserID, targetUserID, oldPassword, newPassword any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateUserPassword", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateUserPassword), ctx, accountID, currentUserID, targetUserID, oldPassword, newPassword)
 }
diff --git a/management/server/account/pat.go b/management/server/account/pat.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e5e3e3f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/account/pat.go
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package account
+
+const (
+	// PATMinExpireDays is the minimum allowed Personal Access Token expiration in days.
+	PATMinExpireDays = 1
+	// PATMaxExpireDays is the maximum allowed Personal Access Token expiration in days.
+	PATMaxExpireDays = 365
+)
diff --git a/management/server/account/request_buffer.go b/management/server/account/request_buffer.go
index eced1929f..3f91996eb 100644
--- a/management/server/account/request_buffer.go
+++ b/management/server/account/request_buffer.go
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 )
 
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package=account -source=./request_buffer.go -destination=request_buffer_mock.go
+
 type RequestBuffer interface {
 	GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Account, error)
 }
diff --git a/management/server/account/request_buffer_mock.go b/management/server/account/request_buffer_mock.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b48ef2700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/account/request_buffer_mock.go
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
+// Source: ./request_buffer.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package=account -source=./request_buffer.go -destination=request_buffer_mock.go
+//
+
+// Package account is a generated GoMock package.
+package account
+
+import (
+	context "context"
+	reflect "reflect"
+
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+)
+
+// MockRequestBuffer is a mock of RequestBuffer interface.
+type MockRequestBuffer struct {
+	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
+	recorder *MockRequestBufferMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
+}
+
+// MockRequestBufferMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockRequestBuffer.
+type MockRequestBufferMockRecorder struct {
+	mock *MockRequestBuffer
+}
+
+// NewMockRequestBuffer creates a new mock instance.
+func NewMockRequestBuffer(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockRequestBuffer {
+	mock := &MockRequestBuffer{ctrl: ctrl}
+	mock.recorder = &MockRequestBufferMockRecorder{mock}
+	return mock
+}
+
+// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
+func (m *MockRequestBuffer) EXPECT() *MockRequestBufferMockRecorder {
+	return m.recorder
+}
+
+// GetAccountWithBackpressure mocks base method.
+func (m *MockRequestBuffer) GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Account, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountWithBackpressure", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Account)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountWithBackpressure indicates an expected call of GetAccountWithBackpressure.
+func (mr *MockRequestBufferMockRecorder) GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountWithBackpressure", reflect.TypeOf((*MockRequestBuffer)(nil).GetAccountWithBackpressure), ctx, accountID)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/account_request_buffer.go b/management/server/account_request_buffer.go
index e1672c2d0..792099431 100644
--- a/management/server/account_request_buffer.go
+++ b/management/server/account_request_buffer.go
@@ -2,117 +2,38 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"os"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/requestbuffer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 )
 
-// AccountRequest holds the result channel to return the requested account.
-type AccountRequest struct {
-	AccountID  string
-	ResultChan chan *AccountResult
-}
-
-// AccountResult holds the account data or an error.
-type AccountResult struct {
-	Account *types.Account
-	Err     error
-}
+const defaultAccountBufferInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
 
 type AccountRequestBuffer struct {
-	store               store.Store
-	getAccountRequests  map[string][]*AccountRequest
-	mu                  sync.Mutex
-	getAccountRequestCh chan *AccountRequest
-	bufferInterval      time.Duration
+	buffer *requestbuffer.Buffer[*types.Account]
 }
 
 func NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx context.Context, store store.Store) *AccountRequestBuffer {
-	bufferIntervalStr := os.Getenv("NB_GET_ACCOUNT_BUFFER_INTERVAL")
-	bufferInterval, err := time.ParseDuration(bufferIntervalStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		if bufferIntervalStr != "" {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to parse account request buffer interval: %s", err)
-		}
-		bufferInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	interval := requestbuffer.Interval(ctx, "NB_GET_ACCOUNT_BUFFER_INTERVAL", defaultAccountBufferInterval)
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("set account request buffer interval to %s", interval)
+
+	return &AccountRequestBuffer{
+		buffer: requestbuffer.New(ctx, "account request buffer", interval, store.GetAccount),
 	}
-
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("set account request buffer interval to %s", bufferInterval)
-
-	ac := AccountRequestBuffer{
-		store:               store,
-		getAccountRequests:  make(map[string][]*AccountRequest),
-		getAccountRequestCh: make(chan *AccountRequest),
-		bufferInterval:      bufferInterval,
-	}
-
-	go ac.processGetAccountRequests(ctx)
-
-	return &ac
 }
+
 func (ac *AccountRequestBuffer) GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Account, error) {
-	req := &AccountRequest{
-		AccountID:  accountID,
-		ResultChan: make(chan *AccountResult, 1),
+	account, err := ac.buffer.Get(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil || account == nil {
+		return account, err
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("requesting account %s with backpressure", accountID)
-	startTime := time.Now()
-	ac.getAccountRequestCh <- req
-
-	result := <-req.ResultChan
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("got account with backpressure after %s", time.Since(startTime))
-	return result.Account, result.Err
-}
-
-func (ac *AccountRequestBuffer) processGetAccountBatch(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
-	ac.mu.Lock()
-	requests := ac.getAccountRequests[accountID]
-	delete(ac.getAccountRequests, accountID)
-	ac.mu.Unlock()
-
-	if len(requests) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	startTime := time.Now()
-	account, err := ac.store.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("getting account %s in batch took %s", accountID, time.Since(startTime))
-	result := &AccountResult{Account: account, Err: err}
-
-	for _, req := range requests {
-		if account != nil {
-			// Shallow copy the account so each goroutine gets its own struct value.
-			// This prevents data races when callers mutate fields like Policies.
-			accountCopy := *account
-			req.ResultChan <- &AccountResult{Account: &accountCopy, Err: err}
-		} else {
-			req.ResultChan <- result
-		}
-		close(req.ResultChan)
-	}
-}
-
-func (ac *AccountRequestBuffer) processGetAccountRequests(ctx context.Context) {
-	for {
-		select {
-		case req := <-ac.getAccountRequestCh:
-			ac.mu.Lock()
-			ac.getAccountRequests[req.AccountID] = append(ac.getAccountRequests[req.AccountID], req)
-			if len(ac.getAccountRequests[req.AccountID]) == 1 {
-				go func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
-					time.Sleep(ac.bufferInterval)
-					ac.processGetAccountBatch(ctx, accountID)
-				}(ctx, req.AccountID)
-			}
-			ac.mu.Unlock()
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return
-		}
-	}
+	// Shallow copy the account so each caller gets its own struct value.
+	// This prevents data races when callers mutate fields like Policies.
+	accountCopy := *account
+	return &accountCopy, nil
 }
diff --git a/management/server/account_test.go b/management/server/account_test.go
index 37afae4ad..a8ace36d6 100644
--- a/management/server/account_test.go
+++ b/management/server/account_test.go
@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/push"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/idp/dex"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
@@ -38,6 +40,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	reverseproxymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	networkmapdbfactory "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/factory"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
 	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
 	nbAccount "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@ func verifyCanAddPeerToAccount(t *testing.T, manager nbAccount.Manager, account
 		setupKey = key.Key
 	}
 
-	_, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey, userID, peer, false)
+	_, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey, userID, peer, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Error("expected to add new peer successfully after creating new account, but failed", err)
 	}
@@ -161,7 +165,8 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 				"peer-1": {
 					ID:       peerID1,
 					Key:      "peer-1-key",
-					IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+					IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
+					IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::6440:1"),
 					Name:     peerID1,
 					DNSLabel: peerID1,
 					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
@@ -175,7 +180,8 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 				"peer-2": {
 					ID:       peerID2,
 					Key:      "peer-2-key",
-					IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+					IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
+					IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::6440:1"),
 					Name:     peerID2,
 					DNSLabel: peerID2,
 					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
@@ -199,7 +205,8 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 				"peer-1": {
 					ID:       peerID1,
 					Key:      "peer-1-key",
-					IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+					IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
+					IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::6440:1"),
 					Name:     peerID1,
 					DNSLabel: peerID1,
 					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
@@ -214,7 +221,8 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 				"peer-2": {
 					ID:       peerID2,
 					Key:      "peer-2-key",
-					IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+					IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
+					IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::6440:1"),
 					Name:     peerID2,
 					DNSLabel: peerID2,
 					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
@@ -238,7 +246,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		// 		"peer-1": {
 		// 			ID:       peerID1,
 		// 			Key:      "peer-1-key",
-		// 			IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+		// 			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
 		// 			Name:     peerID1,
 		// 			DNSLabel: peerID1,
 		// 			Status: &PeerStatus{
@@ -252,7 +260,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		// 		"peer-2": {
 		// 			ID:       peerID2,
 		// 			Key:      "peer-2-key",
-		// 			IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+		// 			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
 		// 			Name:     peerID2,
 		// 			DNSLabel: peerID2,
 		// 			Status: &PeerStatus{
@@ -266,7 +274,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		// 		"peer-3": {
 		// 			ID:       peerID3,
 		// 			Key:      "peer-3-key",
-		// 			IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+		// 			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
 		// 			Name:     peerID3,
 		// 			DNSLabel: peerID3,
 		// 			Status: &PeerStatus{
@@ -289,7 +297,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		// 		"peer-1": {
 		// 			ID:       peerID1,
 		// 			Key:      "peer-1-key",
-		// 			IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+		// 			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
 		// 			Name:     peerID1,
 		// 			DNSLabel: peerID1,
 		// 			Status: &PeerStatus{
@@ -303,7 +311,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		// 		"peer-2": {
 		// 			ID:       peerID2,
 		// 			Key:      "peer-2-key",
-		// 			IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+		// 			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
 		// 			Name:     peerID2,
 		// 			DNSLabel: peerID2,
 		// 			Status: &PeerStatus{
@@ -317,7 +325,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		// 		"peer-3": {
 		// 			ID:       peerID3,
 		// 			Key:      "peer-3-key",
-		// 			IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+		// 			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
 		// 			Name:     peerID3,
 		// 			DNSLabel: peerID3,
 		// 			Status: &PeerStatus{
@@ -340,7 +348,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		// 		"peer-1": {
 		// 			ID:       peerID1,
 		// 			Key:      "peer-1-key",
-		// 			IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+		// 			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
 		// 			Name:     peerID1,
 		// 			DNSLabel: peerID1,
 		// 			Status: &PeerStatus{
@@ -354,7 +362,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		// 		"peer-2": {
 		// 			ID:       peerID2,
 		// 			Key:      "peer-2-key",
-		// 			IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+		// 			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
 		// 			Name:     peerID2,
 		// 			DNSLabel: peerID2,
 		// 			Status: &PeerStatus{
@@ -368,7 +376,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		// 		"peer-3": {
 		// 			ID:       peerID3,
 		// 			Key:      "peer-3-key",
-		// 			IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 0, 1},
+		// 			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
 		// 			Name:     peerID3,
 		// 			DNSLabel: peerID3,
 		// 			Status: &PeerStatus{
@@ -409,7 +417,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 
 		customZone := account.GetPeersCustomZone(context.Background(), "netbird.io")
-		networkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMap(context.Background(), testCase.peerID, customZone, nil, validatedPeers, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap(), nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
+		networkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(context.Background(), testCase.peerID, customZone, nil, validatedPeers, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap(), nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
 		assert.Len(t, networkMap.Peers, len(testCase.expectedPeers))
 		assert.Len(t, networkMap.OfflinePeers, len(testCase.expectedOfflinePeers))
 	}
@@ -720,6 +728,28 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_SyncUserJWTGroups(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, g2.Name, "group2", "group2 name should match")
 		require.Equal(t, g2.Issued, types.GroupIssuedJWT, "group2 issued should match")
 	})
+	t.Run("local embedded-Dex user is skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		initAccount.Settings.JWTGroupsEnabled = true
+		initAccount.Settings.JWTGroupsClaimName = "idp-groups"
+		err := manager.Store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), initAccount)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "save account failed")
+
+		localClaims := auth.UserAuth{
+			AccountId: accountID,
+			Domain:    domain,
+			UserId:    dex.EncodeDexUserID("local-owner", "local"),
+			Groups:    []string{"group3", "group4"},
+		}
+		err = manager.SyncUserJWTGroups(context.Background(), localClaims)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "sync should be a no-op for local users")
+
+		account, err := manager.Store.GetAccount(context.Background(), accountID)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "get account failed")
+		for _, g := range account.Groups {
+			require.NotEqual(t, "group3", g.Name, "local user JWT groups must not be synced")
+			require.NotEqual(t, "group4", g.Name, "local user JWT groups must not be synced")
+		}
+	})
 }
 
 func TestAccountManager_PrivateAccount(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1066,7 +1096,7 @@ func TestAccountManager_AddPeer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	expectedPeerKey := key.PublicKey().String()
 
-	peer, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  expectedPeerKey,
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: expectedPeerKey},
 	}, false)
@@ -1085,7 +1115,7 @@ func TestAccountManager_AddPeer(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expecting just added peer to have key = %s, got %s", expectedPeerKey, peer.Key)
 	}
 
-	if !account.Network.Net.Contains(peer.IP) {
+	if !account.Network.Net.Contains(peer.IP.AsSlice()) {
 		t.Errorf("expecting just added peer's IP %s to be in a network range %s", peer.IP.String(), account.Network.Net.String())
 	}
 
@@ -1130,7 +1160,7 @@ func TestAccountManager_AddPeerWithUserID(t *testing.T) {
 	expectedPeerKey := key.PublicKey().String()
 	expectedUserID := userID
 
-	peer, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  expectedPeerKey,
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: expectedPeerKey},
 	}, false)
@@ -1149,7 +1179,7 @@ func TestAccountManager_AddPeerWithUserID(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expecting just added peer to have key = %s, got %s", expectedPeerKey, peer.Key)
 	}
 
-	if !account.Network.Net.Contains(peer.IP) {
+	if !account.Network.Net.Contains(peer.IP.AsSlice()) {
 		t.Errorf("expecting just added peer's IP %s to be in a network range %s", peer.IP.String(), account.Network.Net.String())
 	}
 
@@ -1172,11 +1202,6 @@ func TestAccountManager_AddPeerWithUserID(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, peer.IP.String(), fmt.Sprint(ev.Meta["ip"]))
 }
 
-func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SaveGroup_Experimental(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder, "true")
-	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SaveGroup(t)
-}
-
 func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SaveGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SaveGroup(t)
 }
@@ -1232,11 +1257,6 @@ func testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SaveGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 
-func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePolicy_Experimental(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder, "true")
-	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePolicy(t)
-}
-
 func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePolicy(t)
 }
@@ -1275,11 +1295,6 @@ func testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 
-func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SavePolicy_Experimental(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder, "true")
-	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SavePolicy(t)
-}
-
 func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SavePolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SavePolicy(t)
 }
@@ -1333,11 +1348,6 @@ func testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_SavePolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 
-func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePeer_Experimental(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder, "true")
-	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePeer(t)
-}
-
 func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePeer(t *testing.T) {
 	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePeer(t)
 }
@@ -1398,11 +1408,6 @@ func testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeletePeer(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 
-func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeleteGroup_Experimental(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder, "true")
-	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeleteGroup(t)
-}
-
 func TestAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeleteGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	testAccountManager_NetworkUpdates_DeleteGroup(t)
 }
@@ -1503,7 +1508,7 @@ func TestAccountManager_DeletePeer(t *testing.T) {
 
 	peerKey := key.PublicKey().String()
 
-	peer, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerKey,
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: peerKey},
 	}, false)
@@ -1634,75 +1639,6 @@ func TestFileStore_GetRoutesByPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, routeIDs, route.ID("route-2"))
 }
 
-func TestAccount_GetRoutesToSync(t *testing.T) {
-	_, prefix, err := route.ParseNetwork("192.168.64.0/24")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	_, prefix2, err := route.ParseNetwork("192.168.0.0/24")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	account := &types.Account{
-		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
-			"peer-1": {Key: "peer-1", Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux"}}, "peer-2": {Key: "peer-2", Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux"}}, "peer-3": {Key: "peer-1", Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux"}},
-		},
-		Groups: map[string]*types.Group{"group1": {ID: "group1", Peers: []string{"peer-1", "peer-2"}}},
-		Routes: map[route.ID]*route.Route{
-			"route-1": {
-				ID:          "route-1",
-				Network:     prefix,
-				NetID:       "network-1",
-				Description: "network-1",
-				Peer:        "peer-1",
-				NetworkType: 0,
-				Masquerade:  false,
-				Metric:      999,
-				Enabled:     true,
-				Groups:      []string{"group1"},
-			},
-			"route-2": {
-				ID:          "route-2",
-				Network:     prefix2,
-				NetID:       "network-2",
-				Description: "network-2",
-				Peer:        "peer-2",
-				NetworkType: 0,
-				Masquerade:  false,
-				Metric:      999,
-				Enabled:     true,
-				Groups:      []string{"group1"},
-			},
-			"route-3": {
-				ID:          "route-3",
-				Network:     prefix,
-				NetID:       "network-1",
-				Description: "network-1",
-				Peer:        "peer-2",
-				NetworkType: 0,
-				Masquerade:  false,
-				Metric:      999,
-				Enabled:     true,
-				Groups:      []string{"group1"},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	routes := account.GetRoutesToSync(context.Background(), "peer-2", []*nbpeer.Peer{{Key: "peer-1"}, {Key: "peer-3"}}, account.GetPeerGroups("peer-2"))
-
-	assert.Len(t, routes, 2)
-	routeIDs := make(map[route.ID]struct{}, 2)
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		routeIDs[r.ID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	assert.Contains(t, routeIDs, route.ID("route-2"))
-	assert.Contains(t, routeIDs, route.ID("route-3"))
-
-	emptyRoutes := account.GetRoutesToSync(context.Background(), "peer-3", []*nbpeer.Peer{{Key: "peer-1"}, {Key: "peer-2"}}, account.GetPeerGroups("peer-3"))
-
-	assert.Len(t, emptyRoutes, 0)
-}
-
 func TestAccount_Copy(t *testing.T) {
 	account := &types.Account{
 		Id:                     "account1",
@@ -1825,9 +1761,8 @@ func TestAccount_Copy(t *testing.T) {
 				AccountID: "account1",
 			},
 		},
-		NetworkMapCache: &types.NetworkMapBuilder{},
+		PostureValidation: map[string]map[string]bool{"1": {"1": true}},
 	}
-	account.InitOnce()
 	err := hasNilField(account)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -1858,7 +1793,7 @@ func hasNilField(x interface{}) error {
 		if f := rv.Field(i); f.IsValid() {
 			k := f.Kind()
 			switch k {
-			case reflect.Ptr:
+			case reflect.Pointer:
 				if f.IsNil() {
 					return fmt.Errorf("field %s is nil", f.String())
 				}
@@ -1896,7 +1831,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdatePeer_PeerLoginExpiration(t *testing.T) {
 
 	key, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
-	peer, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:                    key.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta:                   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer"},
 		LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
@@ -1906,7 +1841,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdatePeer_PeerLoginExpiration(t *testing.T) {
 	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to get the account")
 
-	err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), key.PublicKey().String(), true, nil, accountID, time.Now().UTC())
+	err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), key.PublicKey().String(), accountID, time.Now().UTC().UnixNano(), nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to mark peer connected")
 
 	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(context.Background(), accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
@@ -1952,7 +1887,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_MarkPeerConnected_PeerLoginExpiration(t *testing.
 
 	key, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
-	_, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:                    key.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta:                   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer"},
 		LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
@@ -1977,7 +1912,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_MarkPeerConnected_PeerLoginExpiration(t *testing.
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to get the account")
 
 	// when we mark peer as connected, the peer login expiration routine should trigger
-	err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), key.PublicKey().String(), true, nil, accountID, time.Now().UTC())
+	err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), key.PublicKey().String(), accountID, time.Now().UTC().UnixNano(), nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to mark peer connected")
 
 	failed := waitTimeout(wg, time.Second)
@@ -1986,6 +1921,265 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_MarkPeerConnected_PeerLoginExpiration(t *testing.
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_SchedulePeerLoginExpiration_IncludesOfflinePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
+
+	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create an account")
+
+	connectedKey, offlineKey := addExpiringPeers(t, manager)
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(context.Background(), accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        time.Hour,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "expecting to update account settings successfully but got error")
+	manager.peerLoginExpiry.CancelAll(context.Background())
+
+	// The connected peer logged in just now, so a job computed from connected peers alone
+	// would be armed for an hour. The offline peer's login expires in two seconds; a
+	// reconnect of that peer must not have to wait for the connected peer's tick.
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, connectedKey, true, now)
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, offlineKey, false, now.Add(-time.Hour+2*time.Second))
+
+	offlinePeer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, offlineKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	updateManager.CreateChannel(context.Background(), offlinePeer.ID)
+
+	manager.peerLoginExpiry = NewDefaultScheduler()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { manager.peerLoginExpiry.CancelAll(context.Background()) })
+	manager.schedulePeerLoginExpiration(context.Background(), accountID)
+
+	// The flag is committed per peer before the disconnect fans out, so wait for both.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		peer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, offlineKey)
+		return err == nil && peer.Status.LoginExpired && !updateManager.HasChannel(offlinePeer.ID)
+	}, 10*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond, "offline peer should be expired and disconnected at its own deadline")
+
+	connectedPeer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, connectedKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, connectedPeer.Status.LoginExpired, "connected peer with a fresh login must not expire")
+}
+
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_SchedulePeerLoginExpiration_DetachesRequestContext(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
+
+	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create an account")
+	connectedKey, _ := addExpiringPeers(t, manager)
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, connectedKey, true, time.Now().UTC())
+
+	scheduled := make(chan context.Context, 1)
+	manager.peerLoginExpiry = &MockScheduler{
+		IsSchedulerRunningFunc: func(string) bool { return false },
+		ScheduleFunc: func(ctx context.Context, _ time.Duration, _ string, _ func() (time.Duration, bool)) {
+			scheduled <- ctx
+		},
+	}
+
+	requestCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	manager.schedulePeerLoginExpiration(requestCtx, accountID)
+	cancel()
+
+	select {
+	case jobCtx := <-scheduled:
+		assert.NoError(t, jobCtx.Err(), "the expiration job must outlive the request that armed it")
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout while waiting for the job to be scheduled")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_ExpireAndUpdatePeers_SkipsPeerThatLoggedInAgain(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
+
+	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create an account")
+
+	reloggedKey, staleKey := addExpiringPeers(t, manager)
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(context.Background(), accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        time.Hour,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "expecting to update account settings successfully but got error")
+	manager.peerLoginExpiry.CancelAll(context.Background())
+
+	expiredLogin := time.Now().UTC().Add(-2 * time.Hour)
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, reloggedKey, true, expiredLogin)
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, staleKey, true, expiredLogin)
+
+	expiredPeers, err := manager.getExpiredPeers(context.Background(), accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, expiredPeers, 2, "both peers should be due for expiration")
+
+	// The job holds the candidate list while one peer completes a fresh login, which
+	// moves its deadline into the future and must win over the stale candidate entry.
+	setPeerLogin(t, manager, accountID, reloggedKey, true, time.Now().UTC())
+
+	reloggedPeer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, reloggedKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	stalePeer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, staleKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	updateManager.CreateChannel(context.Background(), reloggedPeer.ID)
+	updateManager.CreateChannel(context.Background(), stalePeer.ID)
+
+	err = manager.expireAndUpdatePeers(context.Background(), accountID, expiredPeers, peerExpirationSessionExpired)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	reloggedPeer, err = manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, reloggedKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, reloggedPeer.Status.LoginExpired, "a peer that logged in again must not be flagged from the stale candidate list")
+	assert.True(t, reloggedPeer.Status.Connected, "the re-logged peer must keep its connected status")
+	assert.True(t, updateManager.HasChannel(reloggedPeer.ID), "the re-logged peer's update channel must stay open")
+
+	stalePeer, err = manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, staleKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, stalePeer.Status.LoginExpired, "a peer that is still due must be flagged")
+	assert.False(t, updateManager.HasChannel(stalePeer.ID), "the expired peer's update channel must be closed")
+}
+
+// addExpiringPeers registers two SSO peers with login expiration enabled and returns their public keys.
+func addExpiringPeers(t *testing.T, manager *DefaultAccountManager) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	keys := make([]string, 0, 2)
+	for _, hostname := range []string{"connected-peer", "offline-peer"} {
+		key, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
+		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
+		_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+			Key:                    key.PublicKey().String(),
+			Meta:                   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: hostname},
+			LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		}, false)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to add peer")
+		keys = append(keys, key.PublicKey().String())
+	}
+	return keys[0], keys[1]
+}
+
+func setPeerLogin(t *testing.T, manager *DefaultAccountManager, accountID, peerKey string, connected bool, lastLogin time.Time) {
+	t.Helper()
+	peer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, peerKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	peer.Status.Connected = connected
+	peer.LastLogin = &lastLogin
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Store.SavePeer(context.Background(), accountID, peer))
+}
+
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_MarkPeerDisconnected_SchedulesInactivityExpiration(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
+
+	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create an account")
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
+	peerPubKey := key.PublicKey().String()
+
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+		Key:                         peerPubKey,
+		Meta:                        nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer"},
+		InactivityExpirationEnabled: true,
+	}, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to add peer")
+
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(context.Background(), accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:             time.Hour,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      true,
+		PeerInactivityExpiration:        time.Hour,
+		PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled: true,
+		Extra:                           &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "expecting to update account settings successfully but got error")
+
+	// Establish a session so the matching-token disconnect is actually applied.
+	streamStartTime := time.Now().UTC()
+	err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, accountID, streamStartTime.UnixNano(), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to mark peer connected")
+
+	// Install the mock only now, so the assertion observes the disconnect, not
+	// the earlier connect.
+	scheduled := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	manager.peerInactivityExpiry = &MockScheduler{
+		CancelFunc: func(ctx context.Context, IDs []string) {},
+		ScheduleFunc: func(ctx context.Context, in time.Duration, ID string, job func() (nextRunIn time.Duration, reschedule bool)) {
+			select {
+			case scheduled <- struct{}{}:
+			default:
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	err = manager.MarkPeerDisconnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, accountID, streamStartTime.UnixNano())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to mark peer disconnected")
+
+	select {
+	case <-scheduled:
+		// expected: disconnect re-armed the inactivity expiry timer
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("expected inactivity expiration to be rescheduled when an eligible peer disconnects")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_MarkPeerDisconnected_SkipsInactivityExpirationWhenDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
+
+	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create an account")
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
+	peerPubKey := key.PublicKey().String()
+
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+		Key:                         peerPubKey,
+		Meta:                        nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer"},
+		InactivityExpirationEnabled: true,
+	}, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to add peer")
+
+	// Peer is eligible (SSO + inactivity enabled) but the account-level setting
+	// stays disabled, so disconnect must not schedule anything.
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(context.Background(), accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:             time.Hour,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      true,
+		PeerInactivityExpiration:        time.Hour,
+		PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled: false,
+		Extra:                           &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "expecting to update account settings successfully but got error")
+
+	streamStartTime := time.Now().UTC()
+	err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, accountID, streamStartTime.UnixNano(), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to mark peer connected")
+
+	scheduled := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	manager.peerInactivityExpiry = &MockScheduler{
+		CancelFunc: func(ctx context.Context, IDs []string) {},
+		ScheduleFunc: func(ctx context.Context, in time.Duration, ID string, job func() (nextRunIn time.Duration, reschedule bool)) {
+			select {
+			case scheduled <- struct{}{}:
+			default:
+			}
+		},
+	}
+
+	err = manager.MarkPeerDisconnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, accountID, streamStartTime.UnixNano())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to mark peer disconnected")
+
+	select {
+	case <-scheduled:
+		t.Fatal("inactivity expiration must not be scheduled while the account-level setting is disabled")
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+		// expected: nothing scheduled
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDefaultAccountManager_OnPeerDisconnected_LastSeenCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
@@ -1997,21 +2191,22 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_OnPeerDisconnected_LastSeenCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
 	peerPubKey := key.PublicKey().String()
 
-	_, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerPubKey,
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer"},
 	}, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to add peer")
 
-	t.Run("disconnect peer when streamStartTime is after LastSeen", func(t *testing.T) {
-		err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, true, nil, accountID, time.Now().UTC())
+	t.Run("disconnect peer when session token matches", func(t *testing.T) {
+		streamStartTime := time.Now().UTC()
+		err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, accountID, streamStartTime.UnixNano(), nil)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to mark peer connected")
 
 		peer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to get peer")
 		require.True(t, peer.Status.Connected, "peer should be connected")
-
-		streamStartTime := time.Now().UTC()
+		require.Equal(t, streamStartTime.UnixNano(), peer.Status.SessionStartedAt,
+			"SessionStartedAt should equal the token we passed in")
 
 		err = manager.OnPeerDisconnected(context.Background(), accountID, peerPubKey, streamStartTime)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2019,49 +2214,127 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_OnPeerDisconnected_LastSeenCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		peer, err = manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.False(t, peer.Status.Connected, "peer should be disconnected")
+		require.Equal(t, int64(0), peer.Status.SessionStartedAt, "SessionStartedAt should be reset to 0")
 	})
 
-	t.Run("skip disconnect when LastSeen is after streamStartTime (zombie stream protection)", func(t *testing.T) {
-		err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, true, nil, accountID, time.Now().UTC())
+	t.Run("skip disconnect when stored session is newer (zombie stream protection)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Newer stream wins on connect (sets SessionStartedAt = now ns).
+		streamStartTime := time.Now().UTC()
+		err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, accountID, streamStartTime.UnixNano(), nil)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to mark peer connected")
 
 		peer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.True(t, peer.Status.Connected, "peer should be connected")
 
-		streamStartTime := peer.Status.LastSeen.Add(-1 * time.Hour)
+		// Older stream tries to mark disconnect with its own (older) session token —
+		// fencing kicks in and the write is dropped.
+		staleStreamStartTime := streamStartTime.Add(-1 * time.Hour)
 
-		err = manager.OnPeerDisconnected(context.Background(), accountID, peerPubKey, streamStartTime)
+		err = manager.OnPeerDisconnected(context.Background(), accountID, peerPubKey, staleStreamStartTime)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		peer, err = manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.True(t, peer.Status.Connected,
-			"peer should remain connected because LastSeen > streamStartTime (zombie stream protection)")
+			"peer should remain connected because the stored session is newer than the disconnect token")
+		require.Equal(t, streamStartTime.UnixNano(), peer.Status.SessionStartedAt,
+			"SessionStartedAt should still hold the winning stream's token")
 	})
 
-	t.Run("skip stale connect when peer already has newer LastSeen (blocked goroutine protection)", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("skip stale connect when stored session is newer (blocked goroutine protection)", func(t *testing.T) {
 		node2SyncTime := time.Now().UTC()
-		err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, true, nil, accountID, node2SyncTime)
+		err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, accountID, node2SyncTime.UnixNano(), nil)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "node 2 should connect peer")
 
 		peer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.True(t, peer.Status.Connected, "peer should be connected")
-		require.Equal(t, node2SyncTime.Unix(), peer.Status.LastSeen.Unix(), "LastSeen should be node2SyncTime")
+		require.Equal(t, node2SyncTime.UnixNano(), peer.Status.SessionStartedAt,
+			"SessionStartedAt should equal node2SyncTime token")
 
 		node1StaleSyncTime := node2SyncTime.Add(-1 * time.Minute)
-		err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, true, nil, accountID, node1StaleSyncTime)
+		err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, accountID, node1StaleSyncTime.UnixNano(), nil)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "stale connect should not return error")
 
 		peer, err = manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		require.True(t, peer.Status.Connected, "peer should still be connected")
-		require.Equal(t, node2SyncTime.Unix(), peer.Status.LastSeen.Unix(),
-			"LastSeen should NOT be overwritten by stale syncTime from blocked goroutine")
+		require.Equal(t, node2SyncTime.UnixNano(), peer.Status.SessionStartedAt,
+			"SessionStartedAt should NOT be overwritten by stale token from blocked goroutine")
 	})
 }
 
+// TestDefaultAccountManager_MarkPeerConnected_ConcurrentRace exercises the
+// fencing protocol under contention: many goroutines race to mark the
+// same peer connected with distinct session tokens at the same time.
+// The contract is that the highest token always wins and is what remains
+// in the store, regardless of execution order.
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_MarkPeerConnected_ConcurrentRace(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
+
+	accountID, err := manager.GetAccountIDByUserID(context.Background(), auth.UserAuth{UserId: userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to get account")
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
+	peerPubKey := key.PublicKey().String()
+
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+		Key:  peerPubKey,
+		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "race-peer"},
+	}, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to add peer")
+
+	const workers = 16
+	base := time.Now().UTC().UnixNano()
+	tokens := make([]int64, workers)
+	for i := range tokens {
+		// Spread tokens by 1ms so the comparison is unambiguous; the
+		// largest is index workers-1.
+		tokens[i] = base + int64(i)*int64(time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	expected := tokens[workers-1]
+
+	var ready sync.WaitGroup
+	ready.Add(workers)
+	var start sync.WaitGroup
+	start.Add(1)
+	var done sync.WaitGroup
+	done.Add(workers)
+
+	// require.* calls t.FailNow which is documented as unsafe from
+	// non-test goroutines (it calls runtime.Goexit on the wrong stack and
+	// races with the WaitGroup). Collect errors here and assert from the
+	// main goroutine after done.Wait().
+	errs := make(chan error, workers)
+
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		token := tokens[i]
+		go func() {
+			defer done.Done()
+			ready.Done()
+			start.Wait()
+			errs <- manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), peerPubKey, accountID, token, nil)
+		}()
+	}
+
+	ready.Wait()
+	start.Done()
+	done.Wait()
+	close(errs)
+	for err := range errs {
+		require.NoError(t, err, "MarkPeerConnected must not error under contention")
+	}
+
+	peer, err := manager.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, peer.Status.Connected, "peer should be connected after the race")
+	require.Equal(t, expected, peer.Status.SessionStartedAt,
+		"the largest token must win regardless of execution order")
+}
+
 func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdateAccountSettings_PeerLoginExpiration(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
@@ -2071,7 +2344,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdateAccountSettings_PeerLoginExpiration(t *test
 
 	key, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
-	_, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:                    key.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta:                   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer"},
 		LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
@@ -2084,7 +2357,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdateAccountSettings_PeerLoginExpiration(t *test
 	account, err := manager.Store.GetAccount(context.Background(), accountID)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to get the account")
 
-	err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), key.PublicKey().String(), true, nil, accountID, time.Now().UTC())
+	err = manager.MarkPeerConnected(context.Background(), key.PublicKey().String(), accountID, time.Now().UTC().UnixNano(), nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to mark peer connected")
 
 	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
@@ -2578,7 +2851,7 @@ func TestAccount_GetNextPeerExpiration(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedNextExpiration: time.Duration(0),
 		},
 		{
-			name: "No connected peers, no expiration",
+			name: "Offline peer with expiration, return expiration",
 			peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
 				"peer-1": {
 					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
@@ -2597,8 +2870,33 @@ func TestAccount_GetNextPeerExpiration(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			expiration:             time.Second,
 			expirationEnabled:      false,
-			expectedNextRun:        false,
-			expectedNextExpiration: time.Duration(0),
+			expectedNextRun:        true,
+			expectedNextExpiration: time.Second,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Offline peer with the earliest deadline defines the next run",
+			peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+				"peer-1": {
+					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
+						Connected: true,
+					},
+					LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+					LastLogin:              util.ToPtr(time.Now().UTC()),
+					UserID:                 userID,
+				},
+				"peer-2": {
+					Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
+						Connected: false,
+					},
+					LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+					LastLogin:              util.ToPtr(time.Now().UTC().Add(-50 * time.Minute)),
+					UserID:                 userID,
+				},
+			},
+			expiration:             time.Hour,
+			expirationEnabled:      true,
+			expectedNextRun:        true,
+			expectedNextExpiration: 10 * time.Minute,
 		},
 		{
 			name: "Connected peers with disabled expiration, no expiration",
@@ -2885,11 +3183,46 @@ func TestAccount_SetJWTGroups(t *testing.T) {
 	account := &types.Account{
 		Id: "accountID",
 		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
-			"peer1": {ID: "peer1", Key: "key1", UserID: "user1", IP: net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1}, DNSLabel: "peer1.domain.test"},
-			"peer2": {ID: "peer2", Key: "key2", UserID: "user1", IP: net.IP{2, 2, 2, 2}, DNSLabel: "peer2.domain.test"},
-			"peer3": {ID: "peer3", Key: "key3", UserID: "user1", IP: net.IP{3, 3, 3, 3}, DNSLabel: "peer3.domain.test"},
-			"peer4": {ID: "peer4", Key: "key4", UserID: "user2", IP: net.IP{4, 4, 4, 4}, DNSLabel: "peer4.domain.test"},
-			"peer5": {ID: "peer5", Key: "key5", UserID: "user2", IP: net.IP{5, 5, 5, 5}, DNSLabel: "peer5.domain.test"},
+			"peer1": {
+				ID:       "peer1",
+				Key:      "key1",
+				UserID:   "user1",
+				IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}),
+				IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+				DNSLabel: "peer1.domain.test",
+			},
+			"peer2": {
+				ID:       "peer2",
+				Key:      "key2",
+				UserID:   "user1",
+				IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{2, 2, 2, 2}),
+				IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
+				DNSLabel: "peer2.domain.test",
+			},
+			"peer3": {
+				ID:       "peer3",
+				Key:      "key3",
+				UserID:   "user1",
+				IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{3, 3, 3, 3}),
+				IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3"),
+				DNSLabel: "peer3.domain.test",
+			},
+			"peer4": {
+				ID:       "peer4",
+				Key:      "key4",
+				UserID:   "user2",
+				IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{4, 4, 4, 4}),
+				IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::4"),
+				DNSLabel: "peer4.domain.test",
+			},
+			"peer5": {
+				ID:       "peer5",
+				Key:      "key5",
+				UserID:   "user2",
+				IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{5, 5, 5, 5}),
+				IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::5"),
+				DNSLabel: "peer5.domain.test",
+			},
 		},
 		Groups: map[string]*types.Group{
 			"group1": {ID: "group1", Name: "group1", Issued: types.GroupIssuedAPI, Peers: []string{}},
@@ -3015,6 +3348,16 @@ func TestAccount_SetJWTGroups(t *testing.T) {
 		user, err := manager.Store.GetUserByUserID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, "user2")
 		assert.NoError(t, err, "unable to get user")
 		assert.Len(t, user.AutoGroups, 1, "new group should be added")
+
+		var newJWTGroup *types.Group
+		for _, g := range groups {
+			if g.Name == "group3" {
+				newJWTGroup = g
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		require.NotNil(t, newJWTGroup, "JIT-created JWT group not found")
+		assert.NotEqual(t, "", newJWTGroup.PublicID, "JIT-created JWT group must have a non-empty PublicID")
 	})
 
 	t.Run("remove all JWT groups when list is empty", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -3127,13 +3470,33 @@ func createManager(t testing.TB) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.PeersU
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
-	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
+	return buildTestManager(t, store, nil)
+}
 
-	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
+// createManagerWithNetworkMapStore builds a manager whose network map controller
+// reads the twin (nmdata) store, the production path on sqlite and postgres.
+func createManagerWithNetworkMapStore(t testing.TB) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.PeersUpdateManager) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if engine := os.Getenv("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE"); engine != "" && !strings.EqualFold(engine, string(types.SqliteStoreEngine)) {
+		t.Skipf("network map store test needs the sqlite engine, got %s", engine)
 	}
 
+	dataDir := t.TempDir()
+	store, err := createStoreAt(t, dataDir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	nmdataStore, err := networkmapdbfactory.NewNetworkMapDBStore(context.Background(), types.SqliteStoreEngine, dataDir, MockIntegratedValidator{}, newSettingsMockManager(t))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	manager, updateManager, err := buildTestManager(t, store, nmdataStore)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return manager, updateManager
+}
+
+func newSettingsMockManager(t testing.TB) *settings.MockManager {
+	t.Helper()
+
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
 
@@ -3146,6 +3509,23 @@ func createManager(t testing.TB) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.PeersU
 		UpdateExtraSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
 		Return(false, nil).
 		AnyTimes()
+	return settingsMockManager
+}
+
+func buildTestManager(t testing.TB, store store.Store, nmdataStore *networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.PeersUpdateManager, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	eventStore := &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}
+
+	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	t.Cleanup(ctrl.Finish)
+
+	settingsMockManager := newSettingsMockManager(t)
 
 	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(store)
 	peersManager := peers.NewManager(store)
@@ -3165,13 +3545,13 @@ func createManager(t testing.TB) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.PeersU
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peers.NewManager(store)), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peers.NewManager(store)), &config.Config{}, nmdataStore)
 	manager, err := BuildManager(ctx, &config.Config{}, store, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager), nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
-	proxyGrpcServer := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(nil, nil, nil, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, peersManager, nil, proxyManager)
+	proxyGrpcServer := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(nil, nil, nil, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, peersManager, nil, nil, proxyManager, nil)
 	proxyController, err := proxymanager.NewGRPCController(proxyGrpcServer, noop.Meter{})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
@@ -3183,7 +3563,11 @@ func createManager(t testing.TB) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.PeersU
 
 func createStore(t testing.TB) (store.Store, error) {
 	t.Helper()
-	dataDir := t.TempDir()
+	return createStoreAt(t, t.TempDir())
+}
+
+func createStoreAt(t testing.TB, dataDir string) (store.Store, error) {
+	t.Helper()
 	store, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", dataDir)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -3232,7 +3616,7 @@ func setupNetworkMapTest(t *testing.T) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.
 		}
 		expectedPeerKey := key.PublicKey().String()
 
-		peer, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+		peer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 			Key:  expectedPeerKey,
 			Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: expectedPeerKey},
 			Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
@@ -3254,6 +3638,26 @@ func setupNetworkMapTest(t *testing.T) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.
 	return manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3
 }
 
+// peerUpdateTimeout bounds how long peerShouldReceiveUpdate and its outer
+// wrappers wait for an expected update message. Sized for slow CI runners
+// (MySQL, FreeBSD, loaded sqlite) where the channel publish can take
+// seconds. Only runs down on failure; passing tests return immediately
+// when the channel delivers.
+const peerUpdateTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+func drainPeerUpdates(ch <-chan *network_map.UpdateMessage) {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case _, ok := <-ch:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+		case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t *testing.T, updateMessage <-chan *network_map.UpdateMessage) {
 	t.Helper()
 	select {
@@ -3272,7 +3676,7 @@ func peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t *testing.T, updateMessage <-chan *network_map.Upd
 		if msg == nil {
 			t.Errorf("Received nil update message, expected valid message")
 		}
-	case <-time.After(500 * time.Millisecond):
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 		t.Error("Timed out waiting for update message")
 	}
 }
@@ -3380,7 +3784,7 @@ func BenchmarkLoginPeer_ExistingPeer(b *testing.B) {
 			b.ResetTimer()
 			start := time.Now()
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				_, _, _, err := manager.LoginPeer(context.Background(), types.PeerLogin{
+				_, _, _, _, err := manager.LoginPeer(context.Background(), types.PeerLogin{
 					WireGuardPubKey: account.Peers["peer-1"].Key,
 					SSHKey:          "someKey",
 					Meta:            nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: strconv.Itoa(i)},
@@ -3449,7 +3853,7 @@ func BenchmarkLoginPeer_NewPeer(b *testing.B) {
 			b.ResetTimer()
 			start := time.Now()
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				_, _, _, err := manager.LoginPeer(context.Background(), types.PeerLogin{
+				_, _, _, _, err := manager.LoginPeer(context.Background(), types.PeerLogin{
 					WireGuardPubKey: "some-new-key" + strconv.Itoa(i),
 					SSHKey:          "someKey",
 					Meta:            nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: strconv.Itoa(i)},
@@ -3639,16 +4043,32 @@ func TestPropagateUserGroupMemberships(t *testing.T) {
 	account, err := manager.GetOrCreateAccountByUser(ctx, auth.UserAuth{UserId: initiatorId, Domain: domain})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	peer1 := &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "peer1", AccountID: account.Id, Key: "key1", UserID: initiatorId, IP: net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1}, DNSLabel: "peer1.domain.test"}
+	peer1 := &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        "peer1",
+		AccountID: account.Id,
+		Key:       "key1",
+		UserID:    initiatorId,
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+		DNSLabel:  "peer1.domain.test",
+	}
 	err = manager.Store.AddPeerToAccount(ctx, peer1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	peer2 := &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "peer2", AccountID: account.Id, Key: "key2", UserID: initiatorId, IP: net.IP{2, 2, 2, 2}, DNSLabel: "peer2.domain.test"}
+	peer2 := &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        "peer2",
+		AccountID: account.Id,
+		Key:       "key2",
+		UserID:    initiatorId,
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{2, 2, 2, 2}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
+		DNSLabel:  "peer2.domain.test",
+	}
 	err = manager.Store.AddPeerToAccount(ctx, peer2)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	t.Run("should skip propagation when the user has no groups", func(t *testing.T) {
-		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
+		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := manager.propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.False(t, groupsUpdated)
 		assert.False(t, groupChangesAffectPeers)
@@ -3664,7 +4084,7 @@ func TestPropagateUserGroupMemberships(t *testing.T) {
 		user.AutoGroups = append(user.AutoGroups, group1.ID)
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Store.SaveUser(ctx, user))
 
-		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
+		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := manager.propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.True(t, groupsUpdated)
 		assert.False(t, groupChangesAffectPeers)
@@ -3702,7 +4122,7 @@ func TestPropagateUserGroupMemberships(t *testing.T) {
 		}, true)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
+		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := manager.propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.True(t, groupsUpdated)
 		assert.True(t, groupChangesAffectPeers)
@@ -3717,7 +4137,7 @@ func TestPropagateUserGroupMemberships(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	t.Run("should not update membership or account peers when no changes", func(t *testing.T) {
-		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
+		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := manager.propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.False(t, groupsUpdated)
 		assert.False(t, groupChangesAffectPeers)
@@ -3730,7 +4150,7 @@ func TestPropagateUserGroupMemberships(t *testing.T) {
 		user.AutoGroups = []string{"group1"}
 		require.NoError(t, manager.Store.SaveUser(ctx, user))
 
-		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
+		groupsUpdated, groupChangesAffectPeers, err := manager.propagateUserGroupMemberships(ctx, manager.Store, account.Id)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.False(t, groupsUpdated)
 		assert.False(t, groupChangesAffectPeers)
@@ -3828,13 +4248,13 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdatePeerIP(t *testing.T) {
 	key2, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to generate WireGuard key")
 
-	peer1, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer1, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  key1.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-1"},
 	}, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to add peer1")
 
-	peer2, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer2, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  key2.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-2"},
 	}, false)
@@ -3844,11 +4264,10 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdatePeerIP(t *testing.T) {
 		account, err := manager.Store.GetAccount(context.Background(), accountID)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to get account")
 
-		newIP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(account.Network.Net, []net.IP{peer1.IP, peer2.IP})
+		newIP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(netip.MustParsePrefix(account.Network.Net.String()), []netip.Addr{peer1.IP, peer2.IP})
 		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to allocate new IP")
 
-		newAddr := netip.MustParseAddr(newIP.String())
-		err = manager.UpdatePeerIP(context.Background(), accountID, userID, peer1.ID, newAddr)
+		err = manager.UpdatePeerIP(context.Background(), accountID, userID, peer1.ID, newIP)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to update peer IP")
 
 		updatedPeer, err := manager.GetPeer(context.Background(), accountID, peer1.ID, userID)
@@ -4006,6 +4425,199 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdateAccountSettings_NetworkRangeChange(t *testi
 	}
 }
 
+// TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdateAccountSettings_NetworkRangePreserved guards against
+// peer IP reallocation when a settings update carries the network range that is already
+// in use. Legacy accounts have Settings.NetworkRange unset in the DB while network.Net
+// holds the actual allocated overlay; the dashboard backfills the GET response from
+// network.Net and echoes the value back on PUT, so the diff must be against the
+// effective range to avoid renumbering every peer on an unrelated settings change.
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdateAccountSettings_NetworkRangePreserved(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, _, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	settings, err := manager.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, settings.NetworkRange.IsValid(), "precondition: new accounts leave Settings.NetworkRange unset")
+
+	network, err := manager.Store.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, network.Net.IP, "precondition: network.Net should be allocated")
+	addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(network.Net.IP)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	ones, _ := network.Net.Mask.Size()
+	effective := netip.PrefixFrom(addr.Unmap(), ones)
+	require.True(t, effective.IsValid())
+
+	before := map[string]netip.Addr{peer1.ID: peer1.IP, peer2.ID: peer2.IP, peer3.ID: peer3.IP}
+
+	// Round-trip the effective range as if the dashboard echoed back the GET-backfilled value.
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, account.Id, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        types.DefaultPeerLoginExpiration,
+		NetworkRange:               effective,
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peers, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, peers, len(before))
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		assert.Equal(t, before[p.ID], p.IP, "peer %s IP should not change when range matches effective", p.ID)
+	}
+
+	// Carrying the same range with host bits set must also be a no-op once canonicalized.
+	hostBitsForm := netip.PrefixFrom(peer1.IP, ones)
+	require.NotEqual(t, effective, hostBitsForm, "precondition: host-bit form should differ before masking")
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, account.Id, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        types.DefaultPeerLoginExpiration,
+		NetworkRange:               hostBitsForm,
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peers, err = manager.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		assert.Equal(t, before[p.ID], p.IP, "peer %s IP should not change for host-bit-set equivalent range", p.ID)
+	}
+
+	// Omitting NetworkRange (invalid prefix) must also be a no-op.
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, account.Id, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        types.DefaultPeerLoginExpiration,
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peers, err = manager.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		assert.Equal(t, before[p.ID], p.IP, "peer %s IP should not change when NetworkRange omitted", p.ID)
+	}
+
+	// Sanity: an actually different range still triggers reallocation.
+	newRange := netip.MustParsePrefix("100.60.0.0/16")
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, account.Id, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        types.DefaultPeerLoginExpiration,
+		NetworkRange:               newRange,
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peers, err = manager.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		assert.True(t, newRange.Contains(p.IP), "peer %s should be in new range %s, got %s", p.ID, newRange, p.IP)
+		assert.NotEqual(t, before[p.ID], p.IP, "peer %s IP should change on real range update", p.ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdateAccountSettings_IPv6EnabledGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, _, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	// New accounts default to All group in IPv6EnabledGroups, so all 3 peers should have IPv6.
+	settings, err := manager.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, settings.IPv6EnabledGroups, "new account should have IPv6 enabled for All group")
+
+	peers, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		assert.True(t, p.IPv6.IsValid(), "peer %s should have IPv6 with All group enabled", p.ID)
+	}
+
+	// Create a group with only peer1 and peer2.
+	partialGroup := &types.Group{
+		ID:        "ipv6-partial-group",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Name:      "IPv6Partial",
+	}
+	err = manager.Store.CreateGroup(ctx, partialGroup)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Store.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peer1.ID, partialGroup.ID))
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Store.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peer2.ID, partialGroup.ID))
+
+	// Switch IPv6EnabledGroups to only the partial group.
+	updatedSettings, err := manager.UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        types.DefaultPeerLoginExpiration,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:          []string{partialGroup.ID},
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{partialGroup.ID}, updatedSettings.IPv6EnabledGroups)
+
+	// peer1 and peer2 should have IPv6; peer3 should not.
+	peers, err = manager.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	peerMap := make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, len(peers))
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		peerMap[p.ID] = p
+	}
+	assert.True(t, peerMap[peer1.ID].IPv6.IsValid(), "peer1 in partial group should keep IPv6")
+	assert.True(t, peerMap[peer2.ID].IPv6.IsValid(), "peer2 in partial group should keep IPv6")
+	assert.False(t, peerMap[peer3.ID].IPv6.IsValid(), "peer3 not in partial group should lose IPv6")
+
+	// Clearing all groups disables IPv6 for everyone.
+	updatedSettings, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        types.DefaultPeerLoginExpiration,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:          []string{},
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, updatedSettings.IPv6EnabledGroups)
+
+	peers, err = manager.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		assert.False(t, p.IPv6.IsValid(), "peer %s should have no IPv6 when groups cleared", p.ID)
+	}
+
+	// Re-enabling with the partial group should allocate IPv6 only for peer1 and peer2.
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        types.DefaultPeerLoginExpiration,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:          []string{partialGroup.ID},
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peers, err = manager.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, "", "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	peerMap = make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, len(peers))
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		peerMap[p.ID] = p
+	}
+	assert.True(t, peerMap[peer1.ID].IPv6.IsValid(), "peer1 should get IPv6 back")
+	assert.True(t, peerMap[peer2.ID].IPv6.IsValid(), "peer2 should get IPv6 back")
+	assert.False(t, peerMap[peer3.ID].IPv6.IsValid(), "peer3 still excluded")
+
+	// No-op update with the same groups should not cause errors.
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        types.DefaultPeerLoginExpiration,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:          []string{partialGroup.ID},
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Setting a nonexistent group ID should fail.
+	_, err = manager.UpdateAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Settings{
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        types.DefaultPeerLoginExpiration,
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true,
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:          []string{"nonexistent-group-id"},
+		Extra:                      &types.ExtraSettings{},
+	})
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "does not exist")
+}
+
 func TestUpdateUserAuthWithSingleMode(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("sets defaults and overrides domain from store", func(t *testing.T) {
 		ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
diff --git a/management/server/activity/codes.go b/management/server/activity/codes.go
index ddc3e00c3..4d50fee3e 100644
--- a/management/server/activity/codes.go
+++ b/management/server/activity/codes.go
@@ -231,6 +231,58 @@ const (
 	DomainDeleted Activity = 119
 	// DomainValidated indicates that a custom domain was validated
 	DomainValidated Activity = 120
+	// AccountIPv6Enabled indicates that a user enabled IPv6 overlay for the account
+	AccountIPv6Enabled Activity = 121
+	// AccountIPv6Disabled indicates that a user disabled IPv6 overlay for the account
+	AccountIPv6Disabled Activity = 122
+
+	// AccountLocalMfaEnabled indicates that a user enabled TOTP MFA for local users
+	AccountLocalMfaEnabled Activity = 123
+	// AccountLocalMfaDisabled indicates that a user disabled TOTP MFA for local users
+	AccountLocalMfaDisabled Activity = 124
+	// UserExtendedPeerSession indicates that a user refreshed their peer's
+	// SSO session deadline via ExtendAuthSession without re-establishing the
+	// tunnel. Distinct from UserLoggedInPeer (full interactive login).
+	UserExtendedPeerSession Activity = 125
+
+	// AgentNetworkProviderCreated indicates that a user created an Agent Network provider
+	AgentNetworkProviderCreated Activity = 126
+	// AgentNetworkProviderUpdated indicates that a user updated an Agent Network provider
+	AgentNetworkProviderUpdated Activity = 127
+	// AgentNetworkProviderDeleted indicates that a user deleted an Agent Network provider
+	AgentNetworkProviderDeleted Activity = 128
+
+	// AgentNetworkPolicyCreated indicates that a user created an Agent Network policy
+	AgentNetworkPolicyCreated Activity = 129
+	// AgentNetworkPolicyUpdated indicates that a user updated an Agent Network policy
+	AgentNetworkPolicyUpdated Activity = 130
+	// AgentNetworkPolicyDeleted indicates that a user deleted an Agent Network policy
+	AgentNetworkPolicyDeleted Activity = 131
+
+	// AgentNetworkGuardrailCreated indicates that a user created an Agent Network guardrail
+	AgentNetworkGuardrailCreated Activity = 132
+	// AgentNetworkGuardrailUpdated indicates that a user updated an Agent Network guardrail
+	AgentNetworkGuardrailUpdated Activity = 133
+	// AgentNetworkGuardrailDeleted indicates that a user deleted an Agent Network guardrail
+	AgentNetworkGuardrailDeleted Activity = 134
+
+	// AgentNetworkBudgetRuleCreated indicates that a user created an Agent Network budget rule
+	AgentNetworkBudgetRuleCreated Activity = 135
+	// AgentNetworkBudgetRuleUpdated indicates that a user updated an Agent Network budget rule
+	AgentNetworkBudgetRuleUpdated Activity = 136
+	// AgentNetworkBudgetRuleDeleted indicates that a user deleted an Agent Network budget rule
+	AgentNetworkBudgetRuleDeleted Activity = 137
+
+	// AgentNetworkSettingsUpdated indicates that a user updated Agent Network account settings
+	AgentNetworkSettingsUpdated Activity = 139
+
+	// AccountMetricsPushEnabled indicates that a user enabled metrics push for the account
+	AccountMetricsPushEnabled Activity = 140
+	// AccountMetricsPushDisabled indicates that a user disabled metrics push for the account
+	AccountMetricsPushDisabled Activity = 141
+
+	// AgentNetworkSettingsDeleted indicates that a user deleted the Agent Network account settings, releasing the endpoint
+	AgentNetworkSettingsDeleted Activity = 142
 
 	AccountDeleted Activity = 99999
 )
@@ -347,6 +399,9 @@ var activityMap = map[Activity]Code{
 	AccountAutoUpdateAlwaysEnabled:  {"Account auto-update always enabled", "account.setting.auto.update.always.enable"},
 	AccountAutoUpdateAlwaysDisabled: {"Account auto-update always disabled", "account.setting.auto.update.always.disable"},
 
+	AccountIPv6Enabled:  {"Account IPv6 overlay enabled", "account.setting.ipv6.enable"},
+	AccountIPv6Disabled: {"Account IPv6 overlay disabled", "account.setting.ipv6.disable"},
+
 	IdentityProviderCreated: {"Identity provider created", "identityprovider.create"},
 	IdentityProviderUpdated: {"Identity provider updated", "identityprovider.update"},
 	IdentityProviderDeleted: {"Identity provider deleted", "identityprovider.delete"},
@@ -379,6 +434,33 @@ var activityMap = map[Activity]Code{
 	AccountPeerExposeEnabled:  {"Account peer expose enabled", "account.setting.peer.expose.enable"},
 	AccountPeerExposeDisabled: {"Account peer expose disabled", "account.setting.peer.expose.disable"},
 
+	AccountLocalMfaEnabled:  {"Account local MFA enabled", "account.setting.local.mfa.enable"},
+	AccountLocalMfaDisabled: {"Account local MFA disabled", "account.setting.local.mfa.disable"},
+
+	UserExtendedPeerSession: {"User extended peer session", "user.peer.session.extend"},
+
+	AgentNetworkProviderCreated: {"Agent Network provider created", "agent_network.provider.create"},
+	AgentNetworkProviderUpdated: {"Agent Network provider updated", "agent_network.provider.update"},
+	AgentNetworkProviderDeleted: {"Agent Network provider deleted", "agent_network.provider.delete"},
+
+	AgentNetworkPolicyCreated: {"Agent Network policy created", "agent_network.policy.create"},
+	AgentNetworkPolicyUpdated: {"Agent Network policy updated", "agent_network.policy.update"},
+	AgentNetworkPolicyDeleted: {"Agent Network policy deleted", "agent_network.policy.delete"},
+
+	AgentNetworkGuardrailCreated: {"Agent Network guardrail created", "agent_network.guardrail.create"},
+	AgentNetworkGuardrailUpdated: {"Agent Network guardrail updated", "agent_network.guardrail.update"},
+	AgentNetworkGuardrailDeleted: {"Agent Network guardrail deleted", "agent_network.guardrail.delete"},
+
+	AgentNetworkBudgetRuleCreated: {"Agent Network budget rule created", "agent_network.budget_rule.create"},
+	AgentNetworkBudgetRuleUpdated: {"Agent Network budget rule updated", "agent_network.budget_rule.update"},
+	AgentNetworkBudgetRuleDeleted: {"Agent Network budget rule deleted", "agent_network.budget_rule.delete"},
+
+	AgentNetworkSettingsUpdated: {"Agent Network settings updated", "agent_network.settings.update"},
+	AgentNetworkSettingsDeleted: {"Agent Network settings deleted", "agent_network.settings.delete"},
+
+	AccountMetricsPushEnabled:  {"Account metrics push enabled", "account.setting.metrics.push.enable"},
+	AccountMetricsPushDisabled: {"Account metrics push disabled", "account.setting.metrics.push.disable"},
+
 	DomainAdded:     {"Domain added", "domain.add"},
 	DomainDeleted:   {"Domain deleted", "domain.delete"},
 	DomainValidated: {"Domain validated", "domain.validate"},
diff --git a/management/server/affected_peers_coverage_test.go b/management/server/affected_peers_coverage_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae5b92f49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affected_peers_coverage_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_DependencyCoverageMatrix enumerates each network-map
+// dependency crossed with the change-type that can alter it, asserting the
+// resolver folds in exactly the peers whose map changes. A new dependency that
+// the resolver fails to walk should fail one of these rows; a new change-type
+// without a row is a coverage gap to add here.
+func TestAffectedPeers_DependencyCoverageMatrix(t *testing.T) {
+	type row struct {
+		name  string
+		build func(t *testing.T, s *routerScenario, ctx context.Context) (affectedpeers.Change, []string, []string)
+	}
+
+	rows := []row{
+		{
+			name: "policy-groups/source-group-change refreshes source+routing, excludes unrelated",
+			build: func(t *testing.T, s *routerScenario, ctx context.Context) (affectedpeers.Change, []string, []string) {
+				_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{s.sourceGroupID}},
+					[]string{s.sourcePeerID, s.routerPeerID}, []string{s.unrelatedPeerID}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "resource-routing-bridge/router-peer-change refreshes policy sources",
+			build: func(t *testing.T, s *routerScenario, ctx context.Context) (affectedpeers.Change, []string, []string) {
+				_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return affectedpeers.Change{ChangedPeerIDs: []string{s.routerPeerID}},
+					[]string{s.sourcePeerID, s.routerPeerID}, []string{s.unrelatedPeerID}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "policy-change/explicit-policy refreshes source+routing",
+			build: func(t *testing.T, s *routerScenario, ctx context.Context) (affectedpeers.Change, []string, []string) {
+				policy := peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID)
+				return affectedpeers.Change{Policies: []*types.Policy{policy}},
+					[]string{s.sourcePeerID, s.routerPeerID}, []string{s.unrelatedPeerID}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "policy-destinationresource/explicit-policy bridges to routing peer",
+			build: func(t *testing.T, s *routerScenario, ctx context.Context) (affectedpeers.Change, []string, []string) {
+				policy := peerToResourcePolicyByResource(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceID)
+				return affectedpeers.Change{Policies: []*types.Policy{policy}},
+					[]string{s.sourcePeerID, s.routerPeerID}, []string{s.unrelatedPeerID}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "resource-change refreshes source+routing on its network",
+			build: func(t *testing.T, s *routerScenario, ctx context.Context) (affectedpeers.Change, []string, []string) {
+				_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return affectedpeers.Change{Resources: []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+						{ID: s.resourceID, NetworkID: s.networkID, GroupIDs: []string{s.resourceGroupID}},
+					}},
+					[]string{s.sourcePeerID, s.routerPeerID}, []string{s.unrelatedPeerID}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "network-change refreshes source+routing on that network",
+			build: func(t *testing.T, s *routerScenario, ctx context.Context) (affectedpeers.Change, []string, []string) {
+				_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return affectedpeers.Change{Networks: []*networkTypes.Network{{ID: s.networkID}}},
+					[]string{s.sourcePeerID, s.routerPeerID}, []string{s.unrelatedPeerID}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "posture-check-change refreshes source+routing of gated policy",
+			build: func(t *testing.T, s *routerScenario, ctx context.Context) (affectedpeers.Change, []string, []string) {
+				check, err := s.manager.SavePostureChecks(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &posture.Checks{
+					Name:   "cov-min-version",
+					Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.30.0"}},
+				}, true)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				policy := peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID)
+				policy.SourcePostureChecks = []string{check.ID}
+				_, err = s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, policy, true)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return affectedpeers.Change{PostureCheckIDs: []string{check.ID}},
+					[]string{s.sourcePeerID, s.routerPeerID}, []string{s.unrelatedPeerID}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		t.Run(r.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+			ctx := context.Background()
+
+			change, mustContain, mustExclude := r.build(t, s, ctx)
+			affected := resolveAffected(t, s.manager.Store, s.accountID, change)
+
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, affected, mustContain, "expected peer to be affected")
+			for _, peerID := range mustExclude {
+				assert.NotContains(t, affected, peerID, "peer must not be affected")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affected_peers_jwt_test.go b/management/server/affected_peers_jwt_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..766745cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affected_peers_jwt_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
+)
+
+// A user's auto-group change refreshes the destinations of the SSH rules authorizing
+// that group — they carry the group -> user mapping — even though no peer moved
+// between groups.
+func TestAffectedPeers_UserGroupChange_RefreshesSSHAuthorizedDestinations(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:          true,
+				Sources:          []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:     []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Protocol:         types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH,
+				Action:           types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+				AuthorizedGroups: map[string][]string{groupIDs[3]: {"root"}},
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := resolveAffected(t, s, accountID, affectedpeers.Change{UserGroupIDs: []string{groupIDs[3]}})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[1]}, result,
+		"only the SSH rule's destination peers carry the changed group -> user mapping")
+
+	result = resolveAffected(t, s, accountID, affectedpeers.Change{UserGroupIDs: []string{groupIDs[4]}})
+	assert.Empty(t, result, "a group no SSH rule authorizes affects nobody")
+}
+
+// Creating, blocking or unblocking a user changes the account's allowed-user set, which
+// reaches only the destinations of the SSH rules that ship it.
+func TestAffectedPeers_AllowedUsersChange_RefreshesSSHDestinations(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Ships the allowed-user set: an SSH rule naming no groups and no user.
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			Enabled:      true,
+			Sources:      []string{groupIDs[0]},
+			Destinations: []string{groupIDs[1]},
+			Protocol:     types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH,
+			Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+		}},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Does not ship it: an SSH rule that authorizes a specific group.
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			Enabled:          true,
+			Sources:          []string{groupIDs[2]},
+			Destinations:     []string{groupIDs[3]},
+			Protocol:         types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH,
+			Action:           types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			AuthorizedGroups: map[string][]string{groupIDs[0]: {"root"}},
+		}},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := resolveAffected(t, s, accountID, affectedpeers.Change{AllowedUsersChanged: true})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[1]}, result,
+		"only the destinations of the rule shipping the allowed-user set refresh")
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_SyncUserJWTGroups_OnlyAffectedPeersUpdated verifies that a JWT
+// auto-group change updates only the user's peers and the peers linked to the changed
+// group through policies, instead of fanning out to the whole account.
+func TestAffectedPeers_SyncUserJWTGroups_OnlyAffectedPeersUpdated(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, _, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	userPeer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(ctx, accountID, "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+		Key:  key.PublicKey().String(),
+		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "user-peer"},
+	}, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID))
+	}
+
+	account, err = manager.Store.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	account.Settings.JWTGroupsEnabled = true
+	account.Settings.JWTGroupsClaimName = "groups"
+	account.Settings.GroupsPropagationEnabled = true
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, account))
+
+	require.NoError(t, manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{ID: "jwt-grp", Name: "jwt-linked", Issued: types.GroupIssuedJWT, Peers: []string{}}))
+	require.NoError(t, manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{ID: "jwt-dest", Name: "jwt-dest", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}}))
+
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{"jwt-grp"},
+				Destinations:  []string{"jwt-dest"},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	updUser := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, userPeer.ID)
+	upd2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	upd3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, userPeer.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	userAuth := auth.UserAuth{
+		AccountId: accountID,
+		UserId:    userID,
+		Groups:    []string{"jwt-linked"},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("adding JWT group updates only linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		drainPeerUpdates(updUser)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd2)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd3)
+
+		require.NoError(t, manager.SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx, userAuth))
+
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updUser)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, upd2)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, upd3)
+
+		user, err := manager.Store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, user.AutoGroups, "jwt-grp")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("removing JWT group updates only linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		drainPeerUpdates(updUser)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd2)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd3)
+
+		userAuth.Groups = nil
+		require.NoError(t, manager.SyncUserJWTGroups(ctx, userAuth))
+
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updUser)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, upd2)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, upd3)
+
+		user, err := manager.Store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotContains(t, user.AutoGroups, "jwt-grp")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affected_peers_oldstate_test.go b/management/server/affected_peers_oldstate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bcb78a660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affected_peers_oldstate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// An update spans an old and a new state. The affected set must be the UNION of
+// peers reachable before and after the change; resolving only against the final
+// state drops peers that were reachable but no longer are. These tests pin the
+// two paths where the old state is reachable only by the changed object's
+// previous references: detaching a resource group, and re-pointing a router peer.
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_E2E_UpdateResource_DetachGroup_RefreshesOldGroupSources:
+// a resource is reachable by a source group via two destination resource groups;
+// detaching one of them must still refresh that group's policy source peers, even
+// though the post-update resource no longer maps to it.
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_UpdateResource_DetachGroup_RefreshesOldGroupSources(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// A second resource group + a second source group/peer that reaches the
+	// resource only through that second group.
+	const detachGroupID = "rs-detach-grp"
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.CreateGroup(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &types.Group{ID: detachGroupID, Name: "rs-detach"}))
+
+	const secondSourceGroupID = "rs-source-grp-2"
+	setupKey, err := s.manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, s.accountID, "rs-detach-key", types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	secondSourcePeer := addPeerToAccount(t, s.manager, s.accountID, setupKey.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.CreateGroup(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+		ID: secondSourceGroupID, Name: "rs-source-2", Peers: []string{secondSourcePeer.ID},
+	}))
+
+	resourcesManager, _, _ := s.managers()
+
+	// Attach the resource to the detach group as well: now in [resourceGroup, detachGroup].
+	_, err = resourcesManager.UpdateResource(ctx, userID, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID:        s.resourceID,
+		AccountID: s.accountID,
+		NetworkID: s.networkID,
+		Name:      "rs-resource-host",
+		Address:   "10.20.30.0/24",
+		GroupIDs:  []string{s.resourceGroupID, detachGroupID},
+		Enabled:   true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Policy granting the second source group access via the detach group.
+	_, err = s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(secondSourceGroupID, detachGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	secondSrcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, secondSourcePeer.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, secondSourcePeer.ID) })
+	settleAffectedUpdates(secondSrcCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		// Detaching the resource from detachGroup removes the second source's
+		// access; that source peer must be refreshed even though the post-update
+		// resource no longer maps to detachGroup.
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, secondSrcCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err = resourcesManager.UpdateResource(ctx, userID, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID:        s.resourceID,
+		AccountID: s.accountID,
+		NetworkID: s.networkID,
+		Name:      "rs-resource-host",
+		Address:   "10.20.30.0/24",
+		GroupIDs:  []string{s.resourceGroupID}, // detached detachGroup
+		Enabled:   true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: detaching a resource group did not refresh the old group's policy source peer")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_E2E_UpdateRouter_RepointPeer_RefreshesOldRoutingPeer:
+// changing router.Peer within the same network must still refresh the OLD routing
+// peer, which loses its routing role.
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_UpdateRouter_RepointPeer_RefreshesOldRoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, routersManager, _ := s.managers()
+
+	routers, err := s.manager.Store.GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, s.accountID, s.networkID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, routers, 1)
+	router := routers[0]
+	oldRoutingPeer := router.Peer
+	require.NotEmpty(t, oldRoutingPeer)
+
+	// A new peer to become the routing peer in place of the old one.
+	setupKey, err := s.manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, s.accountID, "rs-newrouter-key", types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	newRoutingPeer := addPeerToAccount(t, s.manager, s.accountID, setupKey.Key)
+
+	oldCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, oldRoutingPeer)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, oldRoutingPeer) })
+	settleAffectedUpdates(oldCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		// The old routing peer stops serving the resource and must be refreshed.
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, oldCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err = routersManager.UpdateRouter(ctx, userID, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID:         router.ID,
+		NetworkID:  s.networkID,
+		AccountID:  s.accountID,
+		Peer:       newRoutingPeer.ID, // repoint within the same network
+		Masquerade: true,
+		Metric:     9999,
+		Enabled:    true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: re-pointing the router peer did not refresh the old routing peer")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affected_peers_property_test.go b/management/server/affected_peers_property_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b64aeb813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affected_peers_property_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+	"sort"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// allPeerMaps computes the serialized per-peer network map for every peer in the
+// account, mirroring the controller's compute path so the property test compares
+// against real output.
+func allPeerMaps(t *testing.T, manager *DefaultAccountManager, accountID string) map[string]string {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	account, err := manager.Store.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	validated := make(map[string]struct{}, len(account.Peers))
+	for id := range account.Peers {
+		validated[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+
+	out := make(map[string]string, len(account.Peers))
+	for peerID := range account.Peers {
+		nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupIDToUserIDs)
+		// Network.Serial is an account-global counter bumped on every change; it
+		// is not a per-peer dependency, so normalize it out of the comparison.
+		if nm.Network != nil {
+			nm.Network.Serial = 0
+		}
+		out[peerID] = canonicalJSON(t, nm)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// canonicalJSON marshals v and returns an order-insensitive string form: every
+// JSON array is sorted by the canonical form of its elements. The network map's
+// Peers/Routes/FirewallRules/SourceRanges slices have nondeterministic order, so
+// a raw JSON compare would report spurious changes.
+func canonicalJSON(t *testing.T, v interface{}) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	b, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var parsed interface{}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(b, &parsed))
+	canonicalized, err := json.Marshal(sortAny(parsed))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return string(canonicalized)
+}
+
+func sortAny(v interface{}) interface{} {
+	switch val := v.(type) {
+	case []interface{}:
+		for i := range val {
+			val[i] = sortAny(val[i])
+		}
+		sort.Slice(val, func(i, j int) bool {
+			bi, _ := json.Marshal(val[i])
+			bj, _ := json.Marshal(val[j])
+			return string(bi) < string(bj)
+		})
+		return val
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		for k := range val {
+			val[k] = sortAny(val[k])
+		}
+		return val
+	default:
+		return v
+	}
+}
+
+// changedPeers returns the peer IDs whose serialized map differs between before
+// and after.
+func changedPeers(before, after map[string]string) []string {
+	var changed []string
+	for id, b := range before {
+		a, ok := after[id]
+		if !ok || a != b {
+			changed = append(changed, id)
+		}
+	}
+	for id := range after {
+		if _, ok := before[id]; !ok {
+			changed = append(changed, id)
+		}
+	}
+	return changed
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_Property_ResolverSupersetsRealChanges builds a topology,
+// applies random changes, and asserts that the resolver's affected set is a
+// superset of the peers whose real network map actually changed. If the resolver
+// ever misses a dependency, a change will alter a peer's map without that peer
+// appearing in the affected set, failing here.
+func TestAffectedPeers_Property_ResolverSupersetsRealChanges(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// A pre-existing peer->resource policy so the resource/router bridge is live.
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Extra peers and groups to give mutations room to move membership around.
+	setupKey, err := s.manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, s.accountID, "prop-key", types.SetupKeyReusable, 0, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	extraPeers := make([]string, 0, 4)
+	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+		p := addPeerToAccount(t, s.manager, s.accountID, setupKey.Key)
+		extraPeers = append(extraPeers, p.ID)
+	}
+	extraGroups := []string{"prop-grp-0", "prop-grp-1"}
+	for _, g := range extraGroups {
+		require.NoError(t, s.manager.CreateGroup(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &types.Group{ID: g, Name: g}))
+	}
+
+	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(1))
+	allGroups := append([]string{s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID, s.routerPeerGroupID}, extraGroups...)
+	allPeers := append([]string{s.sourcePeerID, s.routerPeerID, s.routerGroupPeerID, s.unrelatedPeerID}, extraPeers...)
+
+	for iter := 0; iter < 60; iter++ {
+		change, apply := s.randomMutation(t, rng, allGroups, allPeers)
+		if apply == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		before := allPeerMaps(t, s.manager, s.accountID)
+
+		resolvedSet := make(map[string]struct{})
+		resolve := func() {
+			require.NoError(t, s.manager.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(tx store.Store) error {
+				snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, tx, s.accountID, change)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				for _, id := range snap.Expand(ctx, s.accountID, change) {
+					resolvedSet[id] = struct{}{}
+				}
+				return nil
+			}))
+		}
+
+		// Resolve on both sides of the mutation and union: removals are visible
+		// only pre-apply (the leaving peer is still a member), additions only
+		// post-apply (the joining peer is now a member). Production captures both
+		// via per-path handling (e.g. UpdateGroup passes peersToRemove); the union
+		// models that without coupling the test to each path's ordering.
+		resolve()
+		changedIDs := change.ChangedPeerIDs
+		apply()
+		resolve()
+
+		after := allPeerMaps(t, s.manager, s.accountID)
+
+		// The explicitly-changed peer's own map refresh is the caller's
+		// responsibility (the resolver returns the peers to propagate to), so it
+		// is allowed to be absent from the resolved set.
+		changedExplicitly := make(map[string]struct{}, len(changedIDs))
+		for _, id := range changedIDs {
+			changedExplicitly[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+
+		for _, id := range changedPeers(before, after) {
+			if _, stillExists := after[id]; !stillExists {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, isExplicit := changedExplicitly[id]; isExplicit {
+				continue
+			}
+			_, ok := resolvedSet[id]
+			require.Truef(t, ok,
+				"iter %d: peer %s network map changed but was not in the resolver's affected set %v (change=%+v)",
+				iter, id, maps.Keys(resolvedSet), change)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// randomMutation picks a random change, returns the Change to resolve and a
+// function that applies the underlying store mutation. apply is nil when the
+// drawn mutation is a no-op for the current state.
+func (s *routerScenario) randomMutation(t *testing.T, rng *rand.Rand, allGroups, allPeers []string) (affectedpeers.Change, func()) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	switch rng.Intn(3) {
+	case 0:
+		groupID := allGroups[rng.Intn(len(allGroups))]
+		peerID := allPeers[rng.Intn(len(allPeers))]
+		grp, err := s.manager.Store.GetGroupByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, s.accountID, groupID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		if slicesContains(grp.Peers, peerID) {
+			return affectedpeers.Change{}, nil
+		}
+		return affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{groupID}, ChangedPeerIDs: []string{peerID}},
+			func() {
+				require.NoError(t, s.manager.GroupAddPeer(ctx, s.accountID, groupID, peerID))
+			}
+	case 1:
+		groupID := allGroups[rng.Intn(len(allGroups))]
+		grp, err := s.manager.Store.GetGroupByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, s.accountID, groupID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		if len(grp.Peers) == 0 {
+			return affectedpeers.Change{}, nil
+		}
+		peerID := grp.Peers[rng.Intn(len(grp.Peers))]
+		return affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{groupID}, ChangedPeerIDs: []string{peerID}},
+			func() {
+				require.NoError(t, s.manager.GroupDeletePeer(ctx, s.accountID, groupID, peerID))
+			}
+	default:
+		src := allGroups[rng.Intn(len(allGroups))]
+		dst := allGroups[rng.Intn(len(allGroups))]
+		policy := &types.Policy{
+			Enabled: true,
+			Name:    fmt.Sprintf("prop-policy-%d", rng.Int()),
+			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{src},
+				Destinations: []string{dst},
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			}},
+		}
+		return affectedpeers.Change{Policies: []*types.Policy{policy}},
+			func() {
+				_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, policy, true)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+	}
+}
+
+func slicesContains(s []string, v string) bool {
+	for _, x := range s {
+		if x == v {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affected_peers_querycount_test.go b/management/server/affected_peers_querycount_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d451a0a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affected_peers_querycount_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// countingStore wraps a real store and counts the per-account collection loads
+// the resolver performs, so a test can assert each is read at most once and that
+// irrelevant collections are skipped entirely.
+type countingStore struct {
+	store.Store
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	counts map[string]int
+}
+
+func newCountingStore(s store.Store) *countingStore {
+	return &countingStore{Store: s, counts: map[string]int{}}
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) bump(name string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.counts[name]++
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) count(name string) int {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.counts[name]
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) total() int {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	n := 0
+	for _, v := range c.counts {
+		n += v
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) GetAccountPolicies(ctx context.Context, ls store.LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types.Policy, error) {
+	c.bump("policies")
+	return c.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, ls, accountID)
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) GetAccountRoutes(ctx context.Context, ls store.LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*route.Route, error) {
+	c.bump("routes")
+	return c.Store.GetAccountRoutes(ctx, ls, accountID)
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) GetAccountNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, ls store.LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup, error) {
+	c.bump("nameservers")
+	return c.Store.GetAccountNameServerGroups(ctx, ls, accountID)
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, ls store.LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types.DNSSettings, error) {
+	c.bump("dnssettings")
+	return c.Store.GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx, ls, accountID)
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx context.Context, ls store.LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, error) {
+	c.bump("routers")
+	return c.Store.GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx, ls, accountID)
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, ls store.LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*resourceTypes.NetworkResource, error) {
+	c.bump("resources")
+	return c.Store.GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID(ctx, ls, accountID)
+}
+
+func (c *countingStore) GetAccountServices(ctx context.Context, ls store.LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	c.bump("services")
+	return c.Store.GetAccountServices(ctx, ls, accountID)
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_QueryCount_NoRedundantFullTableLoads asserts the resolver
+// loads each per-account collection at most once per Resolve (memoization) even
+// on a change that drives every bridge, and skips the services table when the
+// account has no embedded proxy peers.
+func TestAffectedPeers_QueryCount_NoRedundantFullTableLoads(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cs := newCountingStore(s.manager.Store)
+
+	// A group change that exercises policies, routers, resources and the bridge.
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{s.sourceGroupID}}
+	snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, cs, s.accountID, change)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	affected := snap.Expand(ctx, s.accountID, change)
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID, "bridge must still resolve the routing peer")
+
+	for _, name := range []string{"policies", "routes", "nameservers", "dnssettings", "routers", "resources"} {
+		assert.LessOrEqualf(t, cs.count(name), 1,
+			"%s must be loaded at most once per Resolve, got %d", name, cs.count(name))
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, cs.count("services"),
+		"services must not be loaded when the account has no embedded proxy peers")
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_QueryCount_NarrowChangeSkipsLoads asserts that a change with
+// no group/peer signal touches no per-account collections beyond what its inputs
+// require.
+func TestAffectedPeers_QueryCount_NarrowChangeSkipsLoads(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cs := newCountingStore(s.manager.Store)
+
+	// A bare network change drives only the router->source bridge: routers and
+	// resources are needed, but routes/nameservers/dnssettings/services are not.
+	_, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, cs, s.accountID, affectedpeers.Change{Networks: []*networkTypes.Network{{ID: s.networkID}}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, cs.count("routes"), "routes must not be loaded for a network-only change")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, cs.count("nameservers"), "nameservers must not be loaded for a network-only change")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, cs.count("dnssettings"), "dnssettings must not be loaded for a network-only change")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, cs.count("services"), "services must not be loaded for a network-only change")
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_QueryCount_ExpandReadsNothing is the core invariant of the
+// Load/Expand split: Load (run inside the transaction) does all store reads;
+// Expand (run after commit) must touch the store ZERO times, so it never holds
+// the write lock and never reads post-commit state.
+func TestAffectedPeers_QueryCount_ExpandReadsNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{s.sourceGroupID}}
+
+	cs := newCountingStore(s.manager.Store)
+	snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, cs, s.accountID, change)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Greater(t, cs.total(), 0, "Load must read the store")
+
+	// Any store access during Expand would increment the same counter. Expand
+	// operates purely on the snapshot, so the count must not move.
+	readsAfterLoad := cs.total()
+	affected := snap.Expand(ctx, s.accountID, change)
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID, "Expand must still produce the affected peers from the snapshot")
+	assert.Equal(t, readsAfterLoad, cs.total(), "Expand must perform zero store reads — it operates purely on the loaded snapshot")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affected_peers_router_paths_test.go b/management/server/affected_peers_router_paths_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5868a5c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affected_peers_router_paths_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+func (s *routerScenario) resolveGroupChangeAffected(ctx context.Context, changedGroupIDs []string) []string {
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: changedGroupIDs}
+	snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, s.manager.Store, s.accountID, change)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return snap.Expand(ctx, s.accountID, change)
+}
+
+func (s *routerScenario) resolvePeerChangeAffected(ctx context.Context, changedPeerIDs []string) []string {
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedPeerIDs: changedPeerIDs}
+	snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, s.manager.Store, s.accountID, change)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return snap.Expand(ctx, s.accountID, change)
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_GroupChange_SourceGroupMembership_RefreshesRoutingPeer_DirectRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	affected := s.resolveGroupChangeAffected(ctx, []string{s.sourceGroupID})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.sourcePeerID, "source group member must be affected")
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID,
+		"changing the source group of a peer->resource policy must refresh the resource's routing peer")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, s.unrelatedPeerID, "unrelated peer must not be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_GroupChange_SourceGroupMembership_RefreshesRoutingPeer_RouterPeerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, false)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	affected := s.resolveGroupChangeAffected(ctx, []string{s.sourceGroupID})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerGroupPeerID,
+		"changing the source group must refresh the routing peer defined via router.PeerGroups")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, s.unrelatedPeerID, "unrelated peer must not be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_GroupChange_RouterPeerGroupMembership_RefreshesPolicySources(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, false)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	affected := s.resolveGroupChangeAffected(ctx, []string{s.routerPeerGroupID})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerGroupPeerID, "the routing peer itself must be affected")
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.sourcePeerID,
+		"changing the router's PeerGroups must refresh the source peers of policies serving the resource")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, s.unrelatedPeerID, "unrelated peer must not be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_PeerChange_SourcePeer_RefreshesRoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	affected := s.resolvePeerChangeAffected(ctx, []string{s.sourcePeerID})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID,
+		"a status change on a source peer must refresh the resource's routing peer that serves it")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, s.unrelatedPeerID, "unrelated peer must not be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_PeerChange_SourcePeer_ByDestinationResource_RefreshesRoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByResource(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	affected := s.resolvePeerChangeAffected(ctx, []string{s.sourcePeerID})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID,
+		"DestinationResource-targeted policy must still bridge a source-peer change to the routing peer")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, s.unrelatedPeerID, "unrelated peer must not be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_DeleteGroup_ResolvesAffectedPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	const memberOnlyGroupID = "rs-memberonly-grp"
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.CreateGroup(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+		ID: memberOnlyGroupID, Name: "rs-memberonly", Peers: []string{s.sourcePeerID},
+	}))
+
+	affected := s.resolveGroupChangeAffected(ctx, []string{memberOnlyGroupID})
+	assert.Empty(t, affected, "an unlinked group has no network-map impact, so no peer is affected")
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.DeleteGroup(ctx, s.accountID, userID, memberOnlyGroupID))
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_GroupAddResource_RefreshesRoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	const extraResourceGroupID = "rs-resource-grp-extra"
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.CreateGroup(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+		ID: extraResourceGroupID, Name: "rs-resource-extra",
+	}))
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, extraResourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.GroupAddResource(ctx, s.accountID, extraResourceGroupID, types.Resource{
+		ID:   s.resourceID,
+		Type: types.ResourceTypeHost,
+	}))
+
+	affected := s.resolveGroupChangeAffected(ctx, []string{extraResourceGroupID})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID,
+		"attaching a resource to a policy destination group must refresh the resource's routing peer")
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.sourcePeerID, "policy source peers must refresh")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, s.unrelatedPeerID, "unrelated peer must not be affected")
+}
+
+func (s *routerScenario) createPostureCheckGatedPolicy(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, policy *types.Policy) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	check, err := s.manager.SavePostureChecks(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &posture.Checks{
+		Name: "rs-min-version",
+		Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.30.0"},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	policy.SourcePostureChecks = []string{check.ID}
+	_, err = s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, policy, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return check.ID
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_SavePostureCheck_RefreshesRoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	checkID := s.createPostureCheckGatedPolicy(t, ctx, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID))
+
+	srcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	unrelatedCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.unrelatedPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.unrelatedPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(srcCh, routerCh, unrelatedCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, srcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, unrelatedCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePostureChecks(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &posture.Checks{
+		ID:   checkID,
+		Name: "rs-min-version",
+		Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.31.0"},
+		},
+	}, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: editing a posture check did not refresh source + routing peers")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_UpdateResource_DestinationResourcePolicy_RefreshesSourcePeer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByResource(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	resourcesManager, _, _ := s.managers()
+
+	srcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	unrelatedCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.unrelatedPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.unrelatedPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(srcCh, routerCh, unrelatedCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, srcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, unrelatedCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err = resourcesManager.UpdateResource(ctx, userID, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID:        s.resourceID,
+		AccountID: s.accountID,
+		NetworkID: s.networkID,
+		Name:      "rs-resource-host",
+		Address:   "10.20.30.0/25",
+		GroupIDs:  []string{s.resourceGroupID},
+		Enabled:   true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: updating a DestinationResource-targeted resource did not refresh its policy source peer")
+	}
+}
+
+// A disabled sibling router routes to nobody, so updating a resource on its network
+// must NOT refresh its peer (the enabled router carries the bridge instead).
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_UpdateResource_DisabledSiblingRouterNotBridged(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	resourcesManager, routersManager, _ := s.managers()
+
+	setupKey, err := s.manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, s.accountID, "rs-key-disabled", types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	disabledRouterPeer := addPeerToAccount(t, s.manager, s.accountID, setupKey.Key)
+	_, err = routersManager.CreateRouter(ctx, userID, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		NetworkID:  s.networkID,
+		AccountID:  s.accountID,
+		Peer:       disabledRouterPeer.ID,
+		Masquerade: true,
+		Metric:     9000,
+		Enabled:    false,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	disabledCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, disabledRouterPeer.ID)
+	enabledCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, disabledRouterPeer.ID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(disabledCh, enabledCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, enabledCh)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, disabledCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err = resourcesManager.UpdateResource(ctx, userID, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID:        s.resourceID,
+		AccountID: s.accountID,
+		NetworkID: s.networkID,
+		Name:      "rs-resource-host",
+		Address:   "10.20.30.0/25",
+		GroupIDs:  []string{s.resourceGroupID},
+		Enabled:   true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_GroupChange_RouterInOtherNetworkNotAffected(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	second := s.addSecondTopology(t, "groupiso")
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	affected := s.resolveGroupChangeAffected(ctx, []string{s.sourceGroupID})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID, "network A's routing peer must be affected")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, second.routerPeerID,
+		"a router in an unrelated network must not be affected by a source-group change for another resource")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_PeerChange_RouterInOtherNetworkNotAffected(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	second := s.addSecondTopology(t, "peeriso")
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	affected := s.resolvePeerChangeAffected(ctx, []string{s.sourcePeerID})
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID, "network A's routing peer must be affected")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, second.routerPeerID,
+		"a router in an unrelated network must not be affected by a source-peer change for another resource")
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_E2E_PostureFlip_RefreshesRoutingPeer drives the customer path
+// on the twin store: the source peer's metadata flips a posture verdict on sync,
+// and the routing peer serving the gated resource must be refreshed in both
+// directions. Without the flip detection the deny direction takes the nmap
+// shortcut (the denied peer's map holds no router) and the allow direction
+// depends on which meta field moved, leaving the routers with a stale map.
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_PostureFlip_RefreshesRoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	runPostureFlipRefreshesRoutingPeer(t, func(s *routerScenario) *types.Policy {
+		return peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_E2E_PostureFlip_DirectSourcePeer_RefreshesRoutingPeer is the same
+// scenario with the source peer named directly in the rule: it must receive its posture
+// checks and have its flips detected exactly like a group member.
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_PostureFlip_DirectSourcePeer_RefreshesRoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	runPostureFlipRefreshesRoutingPeer(t, func(s *routerScenario) *types.Policy {
+		return peerToResourcePolicyByPeer(s.sourcePeerID, s.resourceGroupID)
+	})
+}
+
+func runPostureFlipRefreshesRoutingPeer(t *testing.T, policyFor func(s *routerScenario) *types.Policy) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	manager, updateManager := createManagerWithNetworkMapStore(t)
+	s := buildRouterScenario(t, manager, updateManager, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	s.createPostureCheckGatedPolicy(t, ctx, policyFor(s))
+
+	source, err := s.manager.Store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, s.accountID, s.sourcePeerID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	syncWithVersion := func(version string) {
+		meta := source.Meta
+		meta.WtVersion = version
+		_, _, _, _, err := s.manager.SyncPeer(ctx, types.PeerSync{WireGuardPubKey: source.Key, Meta: meta}, s.accountID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	syncWithVersion("0.31.0")
+
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	unrelatedCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.unrelatedPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.unrelatedPeerID)
+	})
+	settleAffectedUpdates(routerCh, unrelatedCh)
+
+	syncWithVersion("0.29.0")
+	peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+	peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, unrelatedCh)
+
+	syncWithVersion("0.31.0")
+	peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+	peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, unrelatedCh)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affected_peers_router_test.go b/management/server/affected_peers_router_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e19cddf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affected_peers_router_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,795 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// routerScenario captures the topology from the bug report:
+//
+//	network ── router (routing peer) ── resource (in resourceGroup)
+//	independent peer ──(policy: source -> resource)──> resource
+//
+// The routing peer must be refreshed when a policy grants a source peer access
+// to the resource, because the network map connects the source peer to the
+// routing peer at compute time (Account.GetPoliciesForNetworkResource +
+// addNetworksRoutingPeers). The routing peer is NOT a member of the resource
+// group, so static group/peer resolution alone cannot find it.
+type routerScenario struct {
+	manager       *DefaultAccountManager
+	updateManager *update_channel.PeersUpdateManager
+	accountID     string
+	networkID     string
+
+	sourcePeerID  string // independent peer that the policy grants access from
+	sourceGroupID string // group containing the source peer
+
+	routerPeerID      string // peer acting as the routing peer (direct router.Peer)
+	routerGroupPeerID string // peer that is a member of routerPeerGroup
+	routerPeerGroupID string // group used for router.PeerGroups
+
+	resourceID      string // network resource
+	resourceGroupID string // group whose member is the resource (no peers)
+
+	unrelatedPeerID string // peer in no relevant entity
+}
+
+// setupRouterScenario builds the topology above with the default policy removed
+// and channels NOT yet created, so callers control exactly when updates can flow.
+func setupRouterScenario(t *testing.T, directRouterPeer bool) *routerScenario {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	manager, updateManager, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return buildRouterScenario(t, manager, updateManager, directRouterPeer)
+}
+
+func buildRouterScenario(t *testing.T, manager *DefaultAccountManager, updateManager *update_channel.PeersUpdateManager, directRouterPeer bool) *routerScenario {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	account, err := createAccount(manager, "router_scenario", userID, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	// Remove the default policy so AddPeer/CreateGroup don't schedule unrelated updates.
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID))
+	}
+
+	setupKey, err := manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, accountID, "rs-key", types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sourcePeer := addPeerToAccount(t, manager, accountID, setupKey.Key)
+	routerPeer := addPeerToAccount(t, manager, accountID, setupKey.Key)
+	routerGroupPeer := addPeerToAccount(t, manager, accountID, setupKey.Key)
+	unrelatedPeer := addPeerToAccount(t, manager, accountID, setupKey.Key)
+
+	const (
+		sourceGroupID     = "rs-source-grp"
+		routerPeerGroupID = "rs-router-grp"
+		resourceGroupID   = "rs-resource-grp"
+	)
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: sourceGroupID, Name: "rs-source", Peers: []string{sourcePeer.ID}},
+		{ID: routerPeerGroupID, Name: "rs-router", Peers: []string{routerGroupPeer.ID}},
+		{ID: resourceGroupID, Name: "rs-resource"}, // intentionally peerless; the resource is its only member
+	} {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g))
+	}
+
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManager(manager.Store, manager)
+	resourcesManager := resources.NewManager(manager.Store, groupsManager, manager, manager.serviceManager)
+	routersManager := routers.NewManager(manager.Store, manager)
+	networksManager := networks.NewManager(manager.Store, resourcesManager, routersManager, manager)
+
+	network, err := networksManager.CreateNetwork(ctx, userID, &networkTypes.Network{
+		ID:        "rs-network",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Name:      "rs-network",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	resource, err := resourcesManager.CreateResource(ctx, userID, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		NetworkID: network.ID,
+		Name:      "rs-resource-host",
+		Address:   "10.20.30.0/24",
+		GroupIDs:  []string{resourceGroupID},
+		Enabled:   true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	router := &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID:         "rs-router",
+		NetworkID:  network.ID,
+		AccountID:  accountID,
+		Masquerade: true,
+		Metric:     9999,
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}
+	if directRouterPeer {
+		router.Peer = routerPeer.ID
+	} else {
+		router.PeerGroups = []string{routerPeerGroupID}
+	}
+	_, err = routersManager.CreateRouter(ctx, userID, router)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return &routerScenario{
+		manager:           manager,
+		updateManager:     updateManager,
+		accountID:         accountID,
+		networkID:         network.ID,
+		sourcePeerID:      sourcePeer.ID,
+		sourceGroupID:     sourceGroupID,
+		routerPeerID:      routerPeer.ID,
+		routerGroupPeerID: routerGroupPeer.ID,
+		routerPeerGroupID: routerPeerGroupID,
+		resourceID:        resource.ID,
+		resourceGroupID:   resourceGroupID,
+		unrelatedPeerID:   unrelatedPeer.ID,
+	}
+}
+
+// peerToResourcePolicy builds a policy granting the source group access to the
+// resource, referencing the resource by its group in the rule destination.
+func peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(sourceGroupID, resourceGroupID string) *types.Policy {
+	return &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Name:    "peer-to-resource-by-group",
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{sourceGroupID},
+				Destinations: []string{resourceGroupID},
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// peerToResourcePolicyByPeer builds a policy naming the source peer directly via
+// SourceResource rather than through a group.
+func peerToResourcePolicyByPeer(sourcePeerID, resourceGroupID string) *types.Policy {
+	return &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Name:    "peer-to-resource-by-peer",
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:        true,
+				SourceResource: types.Resource{ID: sourcePeerID, Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				Destinations:   []string{resourceGroupID},
+				Action:         types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// peerToResourcePolicyByResource builds a policy referencing the resource
+// directly via DestinationResource rather than its group.
+func peerToResourcePolicyByResource(sourceGroupID, resourceID string) *types.Policy {
+	return &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Name:    "peer-to-resource-by-resource",
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Sources:             []string{sourceGroupID},
+				DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: resourceID, Type: types.ResourceTypeHost},
+				Action:              types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// resolvePolicyAffected mirrors SavePolicy's resolution: resolve the affected
+// peers for the given policy.
+func (s *routerScenario) resolvePolicyAffected(ctx context.Context, policy *types.Policy) []string {
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{Policies: []*types.Policy{policy}}
+	snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, s.manager.Store, s.accountID, change)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return snap.Expand(ctx, s.accountID, change)
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_SourcePeer_DirectRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy := peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID)
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, policy)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.sourcePeerID, "source peer must be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_RoutingPeer_DirectRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy := peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID)
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, policy)
+
+	// BUG: the direct routing peer serves the resource's subnet to the source
+	// peer, so it must be refreshed when the policy is created. The policy path
+	// only resolves the literal rule groups (source group + resource group);
+	// the resource group has no peer members and the router peer is reachable
+	// only through the network, so it is dropped.
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID,
+		"routing peer (router.Peer) serving the resource must be affected by a policy granting access to it")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_RoutingPeer_RouterPeerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, false)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy := peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID)
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, policy)
+
+	// Router defined via PeerGroups instead of a direct peer.
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerGroupPeerID,
+		"routing peer (router.PeerGroups member) serving the resource must be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_DestResource_RoutingPeer_DirectRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy := peerToResourcePolicyByResource(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceID)
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, policy)
+
+	// When the resource is referenced via DestinationResource, RuleGroups()
+	// returns only the source group and the resource ID is not a peer, so
+	// collectPolicyAffectedGroupsAndPeers yields nothing for the destination at
+	// all. The routing peer is dropped here too.
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID,
+		"routing peer must be affected when the resource is referenced via DestinationResource")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_DestResource_RoutingPeer_RouterPeerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, false)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy := peerToResourcePolicyByResource(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceID)
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, policy)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerGroupPeerID,
+		"routing peer (PeerGroups) must be affected when the resource is referenced via DestinationResource")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_SourceResourcePeer_RoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Source expressed as a direct peer (SourceResource), destination as resource group.
+	policy := &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Name:    "sourceResource-peer-to-resource",
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:        true,
+				SourceResource: types.Resource{ID: s.sourcePeerID, Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				Destinations:   []string{s.resourceGroupID},
+				Action:         types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, policy)
+
+	// The direct source peer IS picked up (collectPolicyAffectedGroupsAndPeers
+	// handles SourceResource peers), but the routing peer is still missing.
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.sourcePeerID, "direct source peer must be affected")
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID, "routing peer must be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_PolicyToResource_UnrelatedPeerNotAffected(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy := peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID)
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, policy)
+
+	// Guard against an over-broad fix: a peer in no relevant entity must never
+	// be pulled in.
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, s.unrelatedPeerID, "unrelated peer must not be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_ResourceSideBridgesToRoutingPeer_DirectRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// A pre-existing policy grants the source group access to the resource.
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Drive an update through the resource manager and assert the routing peer
+	// is among the affected set by observing the channel. This path walks
+	// policies whose destinations reference the resource's groups, folds in the
+	// source groups, and loads the network's routers, so it reaches both the
+	// source peer and the routing peer.
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManager(s.manager.Store, s.manager)
+	rm := resources.NewManager(s.manager.Store, groupsManager, s.manager, s.manager.serviceManager)
+
+	srcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	})
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, srcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err = rm.UpdateResource(ctx, userID, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID:        s.resourceID,
+		AccountID: s.accountID,
+		NetworkID: s.networkID,
+		Name:      "rs-resource-host",
+		Address:   "10.20.30.0/24",
+		GroupIDs:  []string{s.resourceGroupID},
+		Enabled:   true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: resource update did not refresh source peer + routing peer")
+	}
+}
+
+// settleAffectedUpdates waits for in-flight async updates to arrive, then drains
+// every given channel so subsequent assertions start from a clean slate.
+//
+// Setup (CreateNetwork/CreateResource/CreateRouter) fires async UpdateAffectedPeers
+// goroutines; draining first means the assertion only observes updates from the
+// action under test, not setup stragglers.
+func settleAffectedUpdates(chans ...<-chan *network_map.UpdateMessage) {
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	for _, ch := range chans {
+		drainPeerUpdates(ch)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_CreatePolicy_RoutingPeer_DirectRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	srcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	unrelatedCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.unrelatedPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.unrelatedPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(srcCh, routerCh, unrelatedCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, srcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, unrelatedCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: creating peer->resource policy did not refresh the routing peer")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_CreatePolicy_RoutingPeer_RouterPeerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, false)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	srcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerGroupPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerGroupPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(srcCh, routerCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, srcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: routing peer (PeerGroups) not refreshed on policy create")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_DestResource_RoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	srcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(srcCh, routerCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, srcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByResource(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: routing peer not refreshed when policy targets DestinationResource")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_DeletePolicy_RoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	srcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(srcCh, routerCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, srcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.DeletePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, policy.ID, userID))
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: deleting peer->resource policy did not refresh the routing peer")
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *routerScenario) managers() (resources.Manager, routers.Manager, networks.Manager) {
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManager(s.manager.Store, s.manager)
+	resourcesManager := resources.NewManager(s.manager.Store, groupsManager, s.manager, s.manager.serviceManager)
+	routersManager := routers.NewManager(s.manager.Store, s.manager)
+	networksManager := networks.NewManager(s.manager.Store, resourcesManager, routersManager, s.manager)
+	return resourcesManager, routersManager, networksManager
+}
+
+type secondTopology struct {
+	networkID       string
+	resourceID      string
+	resourceGroupID string
+	routerPeerID    string
+}
+
+func (s *routerScenario) addSecondTopology(t *testing.T, suffix string) secondTopology {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	resourcesManager, routersManager, networksManager := s.managers()
+
+	setupKey, err := s.manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, s.accountID, "rs-key-"+suffix, types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	routerPeer := addPeerToAccount(t, s.manager, s.accountID, setupKey.Key)
+
+	resourceGroupID := "rs-resource-grp-" + suffix
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.CreateGroup(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+		ID: resourceGroupID, Name: "rs-resource-" + suffix,
+	}))
+
+	network, err := networksManager.CreateNetwork(ctx, userID, &networkTypes.Network{
+		ID:        "rs-network-" + suffix,
+		AccountID: s.accountID,
+		Name:      "rs-network-" + suffix,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	resource, err := resourcesManager.CreateResource(ctx, userID, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		AccountID: s.accountID,
+		NetworkID: network.ID,
+		Name:      "rs-resource-host-" + suffix,
+		Address:   "10.40.50.0/24",
+		GroupIDs:  []string{resourceGroupID},
+		Enabled:   true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = routersManager.CreateRouter(ctx, userID, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		NetworkID:  network.ID,
+		AccountID:  s.accountID,
+		Peer:       routerPeer.ID,
+		Masquerade: true,
+		Metric:     9999,
+		Enabled:    true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return secondTopology{
+		networkID:       network.ID,
+		resourceID:      resource.ID,
+		resourceGroupID: resourceGroupID,
+		routerPeerID:    routerPeer.ID,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_UpdatePolicy_BothRoutingPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	second := s.addSecondTopology(t, "b")
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	srcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+	routerACh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	routerBCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, second.routerPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, second.routerPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(srcCh, routerACh, routerBCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, srcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerACh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerBCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	policy.Rules[0].Destinations = []string{second.resourceGroupID}
+	_, err = s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, policy, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: re-pointing the policy destination did not refresh both routing peers")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_UpdatePolicy_AddSource(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	const secondSourceGroupID = "rs-source-grp-2"
+	setupKey, err := s.manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, s.accountID, "rs-key-2", types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	secondSourcePeer := addPeerToAccount(t, s.manager, s.accountID, setupKey.Key)
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.CreateGroup(ctx, s.accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+		ID: secondSourceGroupID, Name: "rs-source-2", Peers: []string{secondSourcePeer.ID},
+	}))
+
+	policy, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	newSrcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, secondSourcePeer.ID)
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, secondSourcePeer.ID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(newSrcCh, routerCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, newSrcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	policy.Rules[0].Sources = []string{s.sourceGroupID, secondSourceGroupID}
+	_, err = s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, policy, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: adding a source group did not refresh the new source peer + routing peer")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_E2E_DestResource_RouterPeerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, false)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	srcCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+	routerCh := s.updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, s.routerGroupPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.sourcePeerID)
+		s.updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, s.routerGroupPeerID)
+	})
+
+	settleAffectedUpdates(srcCh, routerCh)
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, srcCh)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, routerCh)
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	_, err := s.manager.SavePolicy(ctx, s.accountID, userID, peerToResourcePolicyByResource(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceID), true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+		t.Error("timeout: DestinationResource policy with PeerGroups router did not refresh the routing peer")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_AllRoutingPeers_Network(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, routersManager, _ := s.managers()
+	setupKey, err := s.manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, s.accountID, "rs-key-r2", types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	secondRouterPeer := addPeerToAccount(t, s.manager, s.accountID, setupKey.Key)
+	_, err = routersManager.CreateRouter(ctx, userID, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		NetworkID:  s.networkID,
+		AccountID:  s.accountID,
+		Peer:       secondRouterPeer.ID,
+		Masquerade: true,
+		Metric:     9998,
+		Enabled:    true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID))
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID, "first routing peer must be affected")
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, secondRouterPeer.ID, "second routing peer on the same network must also be affected")
+}
+
+// A disabled router in the snapshot routes to nobody, so it is skipped when the
+// walk scans existing account data: a policy edit still folds the literal source
+// group, but not the disabled router's peer.
+func TestAffectedPeers_DisabledRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	routers, err := s.manager.Store.GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, s.accountID, s.networkID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, routers, 1)
+	routers[0].Enabled = false
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.Store.UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx, routers[0]))
+
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID))
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.sourcePeerID, "source peer (literal policy source group) must be affected")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID,
+		"a disabled router routes to nobody, so its peer must not be folded from snapshot data")
+}
+
+// A disabled resource in the snapshot is skipped: the policy edit still folds the
+// literal source group, but the resource no longer bridges to its network's router.
+func TestAffectedPeers_DisabledResource(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	res, err := s.manager.Store.GetNetworkResourceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, s.accountID, s.resourceID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	res.Enabled = false
+	require.NoError(t, s.manager.Store.SaveNetworkResource(ctx, res))
+
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID))
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.sourcePeerID, "source peer (literal policy source group) must be affected")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID,
+		"a disabled resource routes to nobody, so its network's router must not be folded from snapshot data")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_DisabledRule(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy := peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID)
+	policy.Rules[0].Enabled = false
+
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, policy)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID,
+		"disabled rule must still resolve the routing peer: Enabled must not gate affected-peers")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_MultiRule(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	second := s.addSecondTopology(t, "c")
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	policy := &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Name:    "multi-rule-two-resources",
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{s.sourceGroupID},
+				Destinations: []string{s.resourceGroupID},
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+			{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{s.sourceGroupID},
+				Destinations: []string{second.resourceGroupID},
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, policy)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID, "routing peer for resource A must be affected")
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, second.routerPeerID, "routing peer for resource B must be affected")
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_RouterOtherNetwork(t *testing.T) {
+	s := setupRouterScenario(t, true)
+	second := s.addSecondTopology(t, "d")
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	affected := s.resolvePolicyAffected(ctx, peerToResourcePolicyByGroup(s.sourceGroupID, s.resourceGroupID))
+
+	assert.Contains(t, affected, s.routerPeerID, "network A's routing peer must be affected")
+	assert.NotContains(t, affected, second.routerPeerID,
+		"a router in an unrelated network must not be affected by a policy that does not target its resource")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affected_peers_test.go b/management/server/affected_peers_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..235128693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affected_peers_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1853 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// resolveAffected is a test helper for the resolver's Load+Expand, used where a
+// test asserts on the fully expanded affected peer set.
+func resolveAffected(t *testing.T, s store.Store, accountID string, change affectedpeers.Change) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, s, accountID, change)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return snap.Expand(ctx, accountID, change)
+}
+
+// Thin test adapters over affectedpeers.Collect, preserving the (groups, peers)
+// shape these tests assert on after the resolver was unified.
+func collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string, changedGroupIDs []string) ([]string, []string) {
+	return affectedpeers.Collect(ctx, s, accountID, affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: changedGroupIDs})
+}
+
+func collectPeerChangeAffectedGroups(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string, changedGroupIDs, changedPeerIDs []string) ([]string, []string) {
+	return affectedpeers.Collect(ctx, s, accountID, affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: changedGroupIDs, ChangedPeerIDs: changedPeerIDs})
+}
+
+func collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID, postureCheckID string) ([]string, []string) {
+	return affectedpeers.Collect(ctx, s, accountID, affectedpeers.Change{PostureCheckIDs: []string{postureCheckID}})
+}
+
+// setupAffectedPeersTest creates a manager with a clean account (default policy deleted)
+// and 5 peers, each in its own group: peer0->group0, peer1->group1, ..., peer4->group4.
+func setupAffectedPeersTest(t *testing.T) (*DefaultAccountManager, store.Store, string, []string, []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	account, err := createAccount(manager, "affected_test", userID, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	setupKey, err := manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, accountID, "test-key", types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peerIDs := make([]string, 5)
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		peer := addPeerToAccount(t, manager, accountID, setupKey.Key)
+		peerIDs[i] = peer.ID
+	}
+
+	groupIDs := make([]string, 5)
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		g := &types.Group{
+			ID:    affectedGroupID(i),
+			Name:  affectedGroupName(i),
+			Peers: []string{peerIDs[i]},
+		}
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		groupIDs[i] = g.ID
+	}
+
+	return manager, manager.Store, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs
+}
+
+func affectedGroupID(i int) string   { return fmt.Sprintf("affected-grp-%d", i) }
+func affectedGroupName(i int) string { return fmt.Sprintf("AffectedGroup%d", i) }
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_PolicyLinked(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Sources:             []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:        []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				SourceResource:      types.Resource{ID: peerIDs[0], Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: peerIDs[1], Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				Bidirectional:       true,
+				Action:              types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+			{
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Sources:             []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:        []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				SourceResource:      types.Resource{ID: peerIDs[2], Type: types.ResourceTypeHost},
+				DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: peerIDs[3], Type: types.ResourceTypeHost},
+				Bidirectional:       true,
+				Action:              types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+			{
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Sources:             []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:        []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				SourceResource:      types.Resource{ID: "", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				Bidirectional:       true,
+				Action:              types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	groups, directPeers := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, groups, []string{groupIDs[0], groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, directPeers, []string{peerIDs[1]})
+
+	groups, directPeers = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, groups, []string{groupIDs[0], groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, directPeers, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+
+	groups, directPeers = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[2]})
+	assert.Empty(t, groups)
+	assert.Empty(t, directPeers)
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_PolicyWithDirectPeerResource(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Sources:             []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				SourceResource:      types.Resource{ID: peerIDs[3], Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: peerIDs[4], Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				Destinations:        []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Action:              types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+			{
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Sources:             []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				SourceResource:      types.Resource{ID: peerIDs[1], Type: types.ResourceTypeHost},
+				DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: peerIDs[2], Type: types.ResourceTypeHost},
+				Destinations:        []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Action:              types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+			{
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Sources:             []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				SourceResource:      types.Resource{ID: "", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				Destinations:        []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Action:              types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	groups, directPeers := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, groups, []string{groupIDs[0], groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, directPeers, []string{peerIDs[4]})
+
+	groups, directPeers = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, groups, []string{groupIDs[0], groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, directPeers, []string{peerIDs[3]})
+
+	groups, directPeers = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[2]})
+	assert.Empty(t, groups)
+	assert.Empty(t, directPeers)
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_PolicyWithNonPeerResource_NoDirectPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, _, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:        true,
+				Sources:        []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				SourceResource: types.Resource{ID: "some-domain", Type: types.ResourceTypeDomain},
+				Destinations:   []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Action:         types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	groups, directPeers := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, groups, []string{groupIDs[0], groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.Empty(t, directPeers, "non-peer resources should not produce direct peer IDs")
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_RouteLinked(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, _, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		"",
+		[]string{groupIDs[0]},
+		"test route",
+		"testnet",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{groupIDs[1]},
+		[]string{groupIDs[2]},
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	groups, _ := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[0]})
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[0])
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[1])
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[2])
+
+	groups, _ = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[0])
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[1])
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[2])
+
+	groups, _ = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[3]})
+	assert.Empty(t, groups)
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_RouteWithDirectPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		peerIDs[4],
+		nil,
+		"test route peer",
+		"testnet2",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{groupIDs[1]},
+		nil,
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	groups, directPeers := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[1])
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[4])
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_NameServerGroupLinked(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, _, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.CreateNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, "ns1", "NS Group 1",
+		[]nbdns.NameServer{{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   nbdns.DefaultDNSPort,
+		}},
+		[]string{groupIDs[0]},
+		true, nil, true, userID, false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	groups, _ := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[0]})
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[0])
+
+	groups, _ = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.Empty(t, groups)
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_DNSSettingsLinked(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, _, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	err := manager.SaveDNSSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.DNSSettings{
+		DisabledManagementGroups: []string{groupIDs[2]},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	groups, _ := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[2]})
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[2])
+
+	groups, _ = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[0]})
+	assert.Empty(t, groups)
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_NetworkRouterLinked(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	net1 := &networkTypes.Network{
+		ID:        "net-test-1",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Name:      "test-network",
+	}
+	err := manager.Store.SaveNetwork(ctx, net1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = manager.Store.CreateNetworkRouter(ctx, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID:         "router1",
+		NetworkID:  net1.ID,
+		AccountID:  accountID,
+		PeerGroups: []string{groupIDs[0]},
+		Peer:       peerIDs[3],
+		Enabled:    true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	groups, directPeers := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[0]})
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[0])
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[3])
+
+	groups, directPeers = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.Empty(t, groups)
+	assert.Empty(t, directPeers)
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_NetworkRouterPeerOnlyNoGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	net1 := &networkTypes.Network{
+		ID:        "net-peer-only",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Name:      "peer-only-network",
+	}
+	err := manager.Store.SaveNetwork(ctx, net1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Router with only a direct peer, no PeerGroups
+	err = manager.Store.CreateNetworkRouter(ctx, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID:        "router-peer-only",
+		NetworkID: net1.ID,
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Peer:      peerIDs[4],
+		Enabled:   true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// None of the groups should match since router has no PeerGroups
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		groups, directPeers := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[i]})
+		assert.Empty(t, groups, "group%d should not match router with only direct peer", i)
+		assert.Empty(t, directPeers, "group%d should not produce direct peers", i)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_MultipleEntities(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, _, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:  []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.2.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		"",
+		[]string{groupIDs[2]},
+		"multi route",
+		"multinet",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{groupIDs[3]},
+		nil,
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	groups, directPeers := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, groups, []string{groupIDs[0], groupIDs[1]})
+	assert.Empty(t, directPeers)
+
+	groups, directPeers = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[3]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, groups, []string{groupIDs[2], groupIDs[3]})
+	assert.Empty(t, directPeers)
+}
+
+func TestCollectGroupChange_MultipleNameServerGroups_OnlyLinkedAffected(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, _, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Create two nameserver groups using different groups
+	_, err := manager.CreateNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, "ns-a", "NS-A",
+		[]nbdns.NameServer{{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   nbdns.DefaultDNSPort,
+		}},
+		[]string{groupIDs[0]},
+		true, nil, true, userID, false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.CreateNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, "ns-b", "NS-B",
+		[]nbdns.NameServer{{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   nbdns.DefaultDNSPort,
+		}},
+		[]string{groupIDs[2]},
+		true, nil, true, userID, false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Changing group0 should only find group0 (from ns-a), not group2 (from ns-b)
+	groups, _ := collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[0]})
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[0])
+	assert.NotContains(t, groups, groupIDs[2])
+
+	groups, _ = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[2]})
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[2])
+	assert.NotContains(t, groups, groupIDs[0])
+
+	// Unrelated group
+	groups, _ = collectGroupChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, s, accountID, []string{groupIDs[4]})
+	assert.Empty(t, groups)
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_PolicyBetweenTwoGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:  []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[1]}, result)
+
+	result = manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[1]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[1]}, result)
+
+	// peerIDs[2] is unrelated to the route; only its own map can change.
+	result = manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[2]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[2]}, result)
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_PolicyThreeGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{groupIDs[0], groupIDs[1]},
+				Destinations: []string{groupIDs[2]},
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[2]}, result)
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_RoutePeerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.3.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		"",
+		[]string{groupIDs[0]},
+		"test route",
+		"routenet",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{groupIDs[1]},
+		nil,
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[1]}, result)
+
+	result = manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[1]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[1]}, result)
+
+	// peerIDs[2] is in no policy; only its own map can change, so it refreshes itself.
+	result = manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[2]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[2]}, result)
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_RouteWithDirectPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.4.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		peerIDs[4],
+		nil,
+		"route with peer",
+		"routenet2",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{groupIDs[1]},
+		nil,
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[1]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[1], peerIDs[4]}, result)
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_RouteWithAccessControlGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.7.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		"",
+		[]string{groupIDs[0]},
+		"acl route",
+		"aclnet",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{groupIDs[1]},
+		[]string{groupIDs[2]},
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// peer2 is only in AccessControlGroups, still should be affected
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[2]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[1], peerIDs[2]}, result)
+
+	// peer3 is unrelated to the route; only its own map can change.
+	result = manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[3]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[3]}, result)
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_NetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	net1 := &networkTypes.Network{
+		ID:        "net-test-2",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Name:      "test-net",
+	}
+	err := manager.Store.SaveNetwork(ctx, net1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = manager.Store.CreateNetworkRouter(ctx, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID:         "router-test",
+		NetworkID:  net1.ID,
+		AccountID:  accountID,
+		PeerGroups: []string{groupIDs[0]},
+		Peer:       peerIDs[3],
+		Enabled:    true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[3]}, result)
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_NameServerGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.CreateNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, "ns-test", "NS Test",
+		[]nbdns.NameServer{{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   nbdns.DefaultDNSPort,
+		}},
+		[]string{groupIDs[0]},
+		true, nil, true, userID, false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.Contains(t, result, peerIDs[0])
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_DNSSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	err := manager.SaveDNSSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.DNSSettings{
+		DisabledManagementGroups: []string{groupIDs[0]},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.Contains(t, result, peerIDs[0])
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_PeerInMultipleGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	err := manager.GroupAddPeer(ctx, accountID, groupIDs[1], peerIDs[0])
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations: []string{groupIDs[2]},
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Destinations: []string{groupIDs[3]},
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// peer0 is in group0 AND group1, so both policies apply. A peer change folds
+	// only the changed peer plus the opposite side of each rule: group2 (peer2) via
+	// the group0 policy and group3 (peer3) via the group1 policy. peer1, a co-member
+	// of group1, is a sibling of the changed peer and must NOT refresh.
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[2], peerIDs[3]}, result)
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, peerIDs[1], "co-member of the changed peer's group must not refresh")
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_MultipleChangedPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:  []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{groupIDs[2]},
+				Destinations:  []string{groupIDs[3]},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[2]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[2], peerIDs[1], peerIDs[3]}, result)
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_SharedGroupAcrossPolicyAndRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:  []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.5.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		"",
+		[]string{groupIDs[2]},
+		"shared group route",
+		"sharednet",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{groupIDs[0]},
+		nil,
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// group0 is shared: policy gives peer0+peer1, route gives peer0+peer2
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[1], peerIDs[2]}, result)
+}
+
+func TestResolveAffectedPeers_NoDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	err := manager.GroupAddPeer(ctx, accountID, groupIDs[1], peerIDs[0])
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = manager.GroupAddPeer(ctx, accountID, groupIDs[2], peerIDs[0])
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{groupIDs[0], groupIDs[1]},
+				Destinations: []string{groupIDs[2]},
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	count := 0
+	for _, id := range result {
+		if id == peerIDs[0] {
+			count++
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, count, "peer0 should appear exactly once")
+}
+
+func TestCollectPostureCheckAffected_LinkedToPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, _, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Create the posture check in the store so the policy validation keeps the reference.
+	err := s.SavePostureChecks(ctx, &posture.Checks{
+		ID:        "pc-1",
+		Name:      "test-posture-check",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	policy, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled:             true,
+		SourcePostureChecks: []string{"pc-1"},
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations: []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_ = policy
+
+	groups, directPeers := collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(ctx, s, accountID, "pc-1")
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[0])
+	assert.Contains(t, groups, groupIDs[1])
+	assert.Empty(t, directPeers)
+
+	// Different posture check ID should not match
+	groups, directPeers = collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(ctx, s, accountID, "pc-other")
+	assert.Empty(t, groups)
+	assert.Empty(t, directPeers)
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_IsolatedPolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:  []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{groupIDs[2]},
+				Destinations:  []string{groupIDs[3]},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[1]}, result)
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, peerIDs[2])
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, peerIDs[3])
+
+	result = manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[2]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[2], peerIDs[3]}, result)
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, peerIDs[0])
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, peerIDs[1])
+
+	// peerIDs[4] is in neither isolated policy; only its own map can change.
+	result = manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[4]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[4]}, result)
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_IsolatedRouteAndPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{groupIDs[0]},
+				Destinations:  []string{groupIDs[1]},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.6.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		"",
+		[]string{groupIDs[2]},
+		"isolated route",
+		"isonet",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{groupIDs[3]},
+		nil,
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0], peerIDs[1]}, result)
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, peerIDs[2])
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, peerIDs[3])
+
+	result = manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[2]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[2], peerIDs[3]}, result)
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, peerIDs[0])
+	assert.NotContains(t, result, peerIDs[1])
+}
+
+func TestAffectedPeers_GroupUpdateOnlyAffectsLinkedPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: "ap-grpA", Name: "AP-A", Peers: []string{peer1.ID}},
+		{ID: "ap-grpB", Name: "AP-B", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}},
+		{ID: "ap-grpC", Name: "AP-C", Peers: []string{peer3.ID}},
+	} {
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{"ap-grpA"},
+				Destinations:  []string{"ap-grpB"},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, manager.Store, accountID, []string{peer1.ID})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peer1.ID, peer2.ID}, result)
+
+	t.Run("group change updates all peers in policy groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		err := manager.UpdateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+			ID:    "ap-grpA",
+			Name:  "AP-A",
+			Peers: []string{peer1.ID, peer3.ID},
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// A peer in no policy/route refreshes only itself — no other peer is affected.
+func TestAffectedPeers_UnlinkedPeerChange_RefreshesSelfOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, _ := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	result := manager.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, s, accountID, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{peerIDs[0]}, result)
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_PolicyChange_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate verifies that creating/deleting a
+// policy only sends updates to peers in the policy's groups, not to unrelated peers.
+func TestAffectedPeers_PolicyChange_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: "pol-grpA", Name: "Pol-A", Peers: []string{peer1.ID}},
+		{ID: "pol-grpB", Name: "Pol-B", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}},
+		{ID: "pol-grpC", Name: "Pol-C", Peers: []string{peer3.ID}},
+	} {
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("create policy only affects linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+			Enabled: true,
+			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+				{
+					Enabled:       true,
+					Sources:       []string{"pol-grpA"},
+					Destinations:  []string{"pol-grpB"},
+					Bidirectional: true,
+					Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+				},
+			},
+		}, true)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_RouteChange_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate verifies that creating a route
+// only sends updates to peers in the route's groups, not to unrelated peers.
+func TestAffectedPeers_RouteChange_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: "rt-grpA", Name: "Rt-A", Peers: []string{peer1.ID}},
+		{ID: "rt-grpB", Name: "Rt-B", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}},
+		{ID: "rt-grpC", Name: "Rt-C", Peers: []string{peer3.ID}},
+	} {
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("create route only affects linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		_, err := manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+			netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.0.0/24"),
+			route.IPv4Network,
+			nil,
+			"",
+			[]string{"rt-grpA"},
+			"test route",
+			"routenoaffect",
+			false,
+			9999,
+			[]string{"rt-grpB"},
+			nil,
+			true,
+			userID,
+			false,
+			false,
+		)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_NameServerChange_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate verifies that creating a
+// nameserver group only sends updates to peers in its groups, not to unrelated peers.
+func TestAffectedPeers_NameServerChange_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: "ns-grpA", Name: "NS-A", Peers: []string{peer1.ID}},
+		{ID: "ns-grpB", Name: "NS-B", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}},
+	} {
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("create nameserver group only affects linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		_, err := manager.CreateNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, "ns-unrelated", "NS Unrelated",
+			[]nbdns.NameServer{{
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"),
+				NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+				Port:   nbdns.DefaultDNSPort,
+			}},
+			[]string{"ns-grpA"},
+			true, nil, true, userID, false,
+		)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_DNSSettingsChange_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate verifies that changing DNS
+// settings only sends updates to peers in the affected groups, not to unrelated peers.
+func TestAffectedPeers_DNSSettingsChange_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: "dns-grpA", Name: "DNS-A", Peers: []string{peer1.ID}},
+		{ID: "dns-grpB", Name: "DNS-B", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}},
+	} {
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("dns settings change only affects linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		err := manager.SaveDNSSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.DNSSettings{
+			DisabledManagementGroups: []string{"dns-grpA"},
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_UnlinkedGroupChange_NoUpdateIntegration tests the full integration:
+// updating a group that is NOT referenced by any policy/route/ns/dns should not send
+// updates to any peer.
+func TestAffectedPeers_UnlinkedGroupChange_NoUpdateIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	err = manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+		ID:    "unlinked-grp",
+		Name:  "Unlinked",
+		Peers: []string{peer1.ID},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("updating unlinked group sends no peer updates", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		err := manager.UpdateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+			ID:    "unlinked-grp",
+			Name:  "Unlinked",
+			Peers: []string{peer1.ID, peer2.ID},
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_NetworkRouterUnlinkedPeerNoUpdate: a network router with peer
+// groups updates only those groups' peers (and resource policy sources), not others.
+func TestAffectedPeers_NetworkRouterUnlinkedPeerNoUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	// Delete the default policy before adding peers so AddPeer schedules no async
+	// update that races with the test.
+	manager, updateManager, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	account, err := createAccount(manager, "nr_test_account", userID, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	setupKey, err := manager.CreateSetupKey(ctx, accountID, "test-key", types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peer1 := addPeerToAccount(t, manager, accountID, setupKey.Key)
+	peer2 := addPeerToAccount(t, manager, accountID, setupKey.Key)
+	peer3 := addPeerToAccount(t, manager, accountID, setupKey.Key)
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: "nr-grpA", Name: "NR-A", Peers: []string{peer1.ID}},
+		{ID: "nr-grpB", Name: "NR-B", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}},
+	} {
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	net1 := &networkTypes.Network{
+		ID:        "nr-net-test",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Name:      "nr-test-network",
+	}
+	err = manager.Store.SaveNetwork(ctx, net1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = manager.Store.CreateNetworkRouter(ctx, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID:         "nr-router-test",
+		NetworkID:  net1.ID,
+		AccountID:  accountID,
+		PeerGroups: []string{"nr-grpA"},
+		Enabled:    true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("network router group change only affects linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		err = manager.UpdateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+			ID:    "nr-grpA",
+			Name:  "NR-A",
+			Peers: []string{peer1.ID, peer3.ID},
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_IsolatedEntitiesOnlyAffectTheirPeers: with a policy (peer1<->peer2)
+// and a separate route (peer3), changing one entity's groups affects only its peers.
+func TestAffectedPeers_IsolatedEntitiesOnlyAffectTheirPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: "iso-grpA", Name: "ISO-A", Peers: []string{peer1.ID}},
+		{ID: "iso-grpB", Name: "ISO-B", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}},
+		{ID: "iso-grpC", Name: "ISO-C", Peers: []string{peer3.ID}},
+	} {
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{"iso-grpA"},
+				Destinations:  []string{"iso-grpB"},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.20.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		"",
+		[]string{"iso-grpC"},
+		"isolated route",
+		"isonet2",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{"iso-grpC"},
+		nil,
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	// The setup policy/route above dispatch affected-peer updates asynchronously;
+	// drain any in-flight ones so the assertions only observe the UpdateGroup below.
+	settleAffectedUpdates(updMsg1, updMsg2, updMsg3)
+
+	t.Run("policy group change does not affect route-only peer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		err := manager.UpdateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+			ID:    "iso-grpA",
+			Name:  "ISO-A-updated",
+			Peers: []string{peer1.ID},
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_DeleteRoute_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate verifies that deleting a route
+// only sends updates to peers in the route's groups.
+func TestAffectedPeers_DeleteRoute_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: "del-rt-grpA", Name: "Del-Rt-A", Peers: []string{peer1.ID}},
+		{ID: "del-rt-grpB", Name: "Del-Rt-B", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}},
+	} {
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	newRoute, err := manager.CreateRoute(ctx, accountID,
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.30.0.0/24"),
+		route.IPv4Network,
+		nil,
+		"",
+		[]string{"del-rt-grpA"},
+		"deletable route",
+		"delnet",
+		false,
+		9999,
+		[]string{"del-rt-grpB"},
+		nil,
+		true,
+		userID,
+		false,
+		false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete route only affects linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		err := manager.DeleteRoute(ctx, accountID, newRoute.ID, userID)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_DeletePolicy_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate verifies that deleting a policy
+// only sends updates to peers in the policy's groups.
+func TestAffectedPeers_DeletePolicy_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, g := range []*types.Group{
+		{ID: "del-pol-grpA", Name: "Del-Pol-A", Peers: []string{peer1.ID}},
+		{ID: "del-pol-grpB", Name: "Del-Pol-B", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}},
+	} {
+		err := manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, g)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	policy, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{"del-pol-grpA"},
+				Destinations:  []string{"del-pol-grpB"},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete policy only affects linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		err := manager.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, policy.ID, userID)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAffectedPeers_DeleteNameServer_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate verifies that deleting a
+// nameserver group only sends updates to peers in its groups.
+func TestAffectedPeers_DeleteNameServer_UnrelatedPeerNoUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, peer1, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		err := manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	err = manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{
+		ID:    "del-ns-grpA",
+		Name:  "Del-NS-A",
+		Peers: []string{peer1.ID},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	nsGroup, err := manager.CreateNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, "del-ns", "Del NS",
+		[]nbdns.NameServer{{
+			IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.4.4"),
+			NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType,
+			Port:   nbdns.DefaultDNSPort,
+		}},
+		[]string{"del-ns-grpA"},
+		true, nil, true, userID, false,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	updMsg1 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+	updMsg2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	updMsg3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer1.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("delete nameserver group only affects linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg1)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg2)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg3)
+			close(done)
+		}()
+
+		err := manager.DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, nsGroup.ID, userID)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func addPeerToAccount(t *testing.T, manager *DefaultAccountManager, _, setupKeyKey string) *nbpeer.Peer {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKeyKey, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+		Key:  key.PublicKey().String(),
+		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: key.PublicKey().String()},
+	}, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return peer
+}
+
+// markPeerAsProxy flips an existing peer's ProxyMeta to mark it as an embedded
+// proxy peer in the given cluster.
+func markPeerAsProxy(t *testing.T, s store.Store, accountID, peerID, cluster string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	peer, err := s.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peerID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	peer.ProxyMeta = nbpeer.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true, Cluster: cluster}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SavePeer(ctx, accountID, peer))
+}
+
+// createServiceWithTargets persists a service with the given cluster and targets
+// directly in the store, bypassing the proxy-service manager (which would also
+// run cluster derivation and trigger UpdateAccountPeers).
+func createServiceWithTargets(t *testing.T, s store.Store, accountID, cluster string, targets []*rpservice.Target) *rpservice.Service {
+	t.Helper()
+	svc := &rpservice.Service{
+		AccountID:    accountID,
+		Name:         fmt.Sprintf("svc-%s", cluster),
+		Domain:       fmt.Sprintf("%s.example.com", cluster),
+		ProxyCluster: cluster,
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Mode:         "tcp",
+		Targets:      targets,
+	}
+	svc.InitNewRecord()
+	for _, target := range targets {
+		target.AccountID = accountID
+		target.ServiceID = svc.ID
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateService(context.Background(), svc))
+	return svc
+}
+
+func TestCollectAffectedFromProxyServices_TargetPeerChanged(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, _ := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cluster := "cluster-a"
+	markPeerAsProxy(t, s, accountID, peerIDs[0], cluster)
+
+	createServiceWithTargets(t, s, accountID, cluster, []*rpservice.Target{
+		{TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, TargetId: peerIDs[1], Enabled: true, Port: 80, Protocol: "tcp"},
+	})
+
+	_, directPeers := collectPeerChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, manager.Store, accountID, nil, []string{peerIDs[1]})
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[0], "proxy peer must be refreshed when its target peer changes")
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[1], "target peer must be refreshed")
+}
+
+func TestCollectAffectedFromProxyServices_ProxyPeerChanged(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, _ := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cluster := "cluster-a"
+	markPeerAsProxy(t, s, accountID, peerIDs[0], cluster)
+
+	createServiceWithTargets(t, s, accountID, cluster, []*rpservice.Target{
+		{TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, TargetId: peerIDs[1], Enabled: true, Port: 80, Protocol: "tcp"},
+		{TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, TargetId: peerIDs[2], Enabled: true, Port: 80, Protocol: "tcp"},
+	})
+
+	_, directPeers := collectPeerChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, manager.Store, accountID, nil, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[0], "changed proxy peer is itself refreshed")
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[1], "target peer 1 must be refreshed when proxy peer changes")
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[2], "target peer 2 must be refreshed when proxy peer changes")
+}
+
+func TestCollectAffectedFromProxyServices_GroupContainingTargetPeerChanged(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, groupIDs := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cluster := "cluster-a"
+	markPeerAsProxy(t, s, accountID, peerIDs[0], cluster)
+
+	createServiceWithTargets(t, s, accountID, cluster, []*rpservice.Target{
+		{TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, TargetId: peerIDs[1], Enabled: true, Port: 80, Protocol: "tcp"},
+	})
+
+	_, directPeers := collectPeerChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, manager.Store, accountID, []string{groupIDs[1]}, nil)
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[0], "proxy peer must be refreshed when a group containing its target peer changes")
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[1], "target peer must be refreshed")
+}
+
+// A disabled service in the snapshot proxies nothing, so it is skipped: a changed
+// target peer does not pull in the service's proxy peer.
+func TestCollectAffectedFromProxyServices_DisabledServiceSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, _ := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cluster := "cluster-a"
+	markPeerAsProxy(t, s, accountID, peerIDs[0], cluster)
+
+	svc := &rpservice.Service{
+		AccountID:    accountID,
+		Name:         "disabled-svc",
+		Domain:       "disabled.example.com",
+		ProxyCluster: cluster,
+		Enabled:      false,
+		Mode:         "tcp",
+		Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+			{TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypePeer, TargetId: peerIDs[1], Enabled: false, Port: 80, Protocol: "tcp"},
+		},
+	}
+	svc.InitNewRecord()
+	for _, target := range svc.Targets {
+		target.AccountID = accountID
+		target.ServiceID = svc.ID
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateService(ctx, svc))
+
+	_, directPeers := collectPeerChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, manager.Store, accountID, nil, []string{peerIDs[1]})
+	assert.NotContains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[0], "a disabled service proxies nothing, so its proxy peer must not be folded")
+}
+
+func TestCollectAffectedFromProxyServices_NonPeerTargetType(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, s, accountID, peerIDs, _ := setupAffectedPeersTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	cluster := "cluster-a"
+	markPeerAsProxy(t, s, accountID, peerIDs[0], cluster)
+
+	createServiceWithTargets(t, s, accountID, cluster, []*rpservice.Target{
+		{TargetType: rpservice.TargetTypeHost, TargetId: "10.0.0.1", Host: "10.0.0.1", Enabled: true, Port: 80, Protocol: "tcp"},
+	})
+
+	_, directPeers := collectPeerChangeAffectedGroups(ctx, manager.Store, accountID, nil, []string{peerIDs[0]})
+	assert.Contains(t, directPeers, peerIDs[0], "host target service still refreshes its proxy peer when the proxy peer changes")
+	assert.NotContains(t, directPeers, "10.0.0.1", "non-peer target ids must not appear as affected peer IDs")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affected_peers_user_test.go b/management/server/affected_peers_user_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0dbbb84f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affected_peers_user_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// A user update refreshes only the peers its auto-group change reaches, and a user
+// update that changes no group membership refreshes nobody.
+func TestAffectedPeers_SaveUser_OnlyAffectedPeersUpdated(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, account, _, peer2, peer3 := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	accountID := account.Id
+
+	const targetUserID = "target-user"
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Store.SaveUser(ctx, &types.User{
+		Id: targetUserID, AccountID: accountID, Role: types.UserRoleUser,
+	}))
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	targetPeer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(ctx, accountID, "", targetUserID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+		Key:  key.PublicKey().String(),
+		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "target-peer"},
+	}, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	policies, err := manager.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Store.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, p.ID))
+	}
+
+	account, err = manager.Store.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	account.Settings.GroupsPropagationEnabled = true
+	require.NoError(t, manager.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, account))
+
+	require.NoError(t, manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{ID: "ug-linked", Name: "ug-linked"}))
+	require.NoError(t, manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{ID: "ug-dest", Name: "ug-dest", Peers: []string{peer2.ID}}))
+
+	_, err = manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				Sources:       []string{"ug-linked"},
+				Destinations:  []string{"ug-dest"},
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Action:        types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	updTarget := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, targetPeer.ID)
+	upd2 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+	upd3 := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, targetPeer.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer2.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, peer3.ID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("auto group change updates only linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		drainPeerUpdates(updTarget)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd2)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd3)
+
+		_, err := manager.SaveUser(ctx, accountID, activity.SystemInitiator, &types.User{
+			Id: targetUserID, AccountID: accountID, Role: types.UserRoleUser,
+			AutoGroups: []string{"ug-linked"},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updTarget)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, upd2)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, upd3)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("update without group changes refreshes nobody", func(t *testing.T) {
+		drainPeerUpdates(updTarget)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd2)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd3)
+
+		_, err := manager.SaveUser(ctx, accountID, activity.SystemInitiator, &types.User{
+			Id: targetUserID, AccountID: accountID, Role: types.UserRoleUser,
+			AutoGroups: []string{"ug-linked"}, Name: "renamed",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updTarget)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, upd2)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, upd3)
+
+		user, err := manager.Store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, targetUserID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "renamed", user.Name)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("auto group change reassigning IPv6 refreshes the changed peers and their observers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account, err := manager.Store.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{"ug-v6"}
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, account))
+		require.NoError(t, manager.CreateGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Group{ID: "ug-v6", Name: "ug-v6"}))
+
+		drainPeerUpdates(updTarget)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd2)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd3)
+
+		_, err = manager.SaveUser(ctx, accountID, activity.SystemInitiator, &types.User{
+			Id: targetUserID, AccountID: accountID, Role: types.UserRoleUser,
+			AutoGroups: []string{"ug-linked", "ug-v6"}, Name: "renamed",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// The reassigned peer refreshes with everyone it can reach: peer2 via the
+		// policy, but not peer3, which shares no group or policy with it.
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updTarget)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, upd2)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, upd3)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unblocking a user refreshes only the SSH rule destinations", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// An SSH rule that authorizes no group of its own ships the account's
+		// allowed-user set to its destinations, so those are the peers an unblock
+		// reaches — not the whole account.
+		_, err := manager.SavePolicy(ctx, accountID, userID, &types.Policy{
+			Enabled: true,
+			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Sources:      []string{"ug-linked"},
+				Destinations: []string{"ug-dest"},
+				Protocol:     types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH,
+				Action:       types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+			}},
+		}, true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		blocked, err := manager.Store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, targetUserID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		blocked.Blocked = true
+		require.NoError(t, manager.Store.SaveUser(ctx, blocked))
+
+		drainPeerUpdates(updTarget)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd2)
+		drainPeerUpdates(upd3)
+
+		// Same auto-groups as the previous subtest left them, so no group change and
+		// no IPv6 reconciliation interferes: the unblock alone drives the refresh.
+		_, err = manager.SaveUser(ctx, accountID, activity.SystemInitiator, &types.User{
+			Id: targetUserID, AccountID: accountID, Role: types.UserRoleUser,
+			AutoGroups: []string{"ug-linked", "ug-v6"}, Name: "renamed",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, upd2)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, upd3)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affectedpeers/proxy_synth_test.go b/management/server/affectedpeers/proxy_synth_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07273b18b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affectedpeers/proxy_synth_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package affectedpeers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// fakeProxyStore implements only the two store methods loadProxyServices calls;
+// the embedded nil store.Store panics if anything else is invoked, which keeps
+// the test honest about the surface under test.
+type fakeProxyStore struct {
+	store.Store
+	proxyByCluster map[string][]string
+	persisted      []*rpservice.Service
+}
+
+func (f *fakeProxyStore) GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster(_ context.Context, _ string) (map[string][]string, error) {
+	return f.proxyByCluster, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeProxyStore) GetAccountServices(_ context.Context, _ store.LockingStrength, _ string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	return f.persisted, nil
+}
+
+func serviceIDs(svcs []*rpservice.Service) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(svcs))
+	for _, s := range svcs {
+		ids = append(ids, s.ID)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+// loadProxyServices must merge the synthesised agent-network services (which are
+// never persisted) with the persisted ones, so the proxy-affected expansion can
+// see agent-network AccessGroups. Without this the embedded proxy peer is never
+// flagged on a client group change and only a full resync (restart) recovers.
+func TestLoadProxyServices_MergesSynthesizedAgentNetworkServices(t *testing.T) {
+	prev := agentNetworkSynthesizer
+	t.Cleanup(func() { agentNetworkSynthesizer = prev })
+	SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer(func(_ context.Context, _ store.Store, _ string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+		return []*rpservice.Service{
+			{ID: "agent-net-svc-acc", ProxyCluster: "proxy.netbird.local", Private: true, AccessGroups: []string{"gB"}},
+		}, nil
+	})
+
+	s := &fakeProxyStore{
+		proxyByCluster: map[string][]string{"proxy.netbird.local": {"proxy-peer-1"}},
+		persisted:      []*rpservice.Service{{ID: "persisted-rp-svc", ProxyCluster: "proxy.netbird.local"}},
+	}
+	snap := &Snapshot{}
+	require.NoError(t, snap.loadProxyServices(context.Background(), s, "acc"))
+
+	ids := serviceIDs(snap.services)
+	assert.Contains(t, ids, "persisted-rp-svc", "persisted services must be kept")
+	assert.Contains(t, ids, "agent-net-svc-acc", "synthesised agent-network service must be merged in")
+}
+
+// With no synthesiser registered, loadProxyServices falls back to persisted
+// services only (no panic, no behaviour change for non-agent-network builds).
+func TestLoadProxyServices_NoSynthesizerRegistered(t *testing.T) {
+	prev := agentNetworkSynthesizer
+	t.Cleanup(func() { agentNetworkSynthesizer = prev })
+	agentNetworkSynthesizer = nil
+
+	s := &fakeProxyStore{
+		proxyByCluster: map[string][]string{"c": {"proxy-1"}},
+		persisted:      []*rpservice.Service{{ID: "persisted"}},
+	}
+	snap := &Snapshot{}
+	require.NoError(t, snap.loadProxyServices(context.Background(), s, "acc"))
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"persisted"}, serviceIDs(snap.services))
+}
+
+// No embedded proxy peers → skip entirely (don't even call the synthesiser).
+func TestLoadProxyServices_NoEmbeddedProxyPeersSkips(t *testing.T) {
+	prev := agentNetworkSynthesizer
+	t.Cleanup(func() { agentNetworkSynthesizer = prev })
+	called := false
+	SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer(func(_ context.Context, _ store.Store, _ string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+		called = true
+		return nil, nil
+	})
+
+	s := &fakeProxyStore{proxyByCluster: map[string][]string{}}
+	snap := &Snapshot{}
+	require.NoError(t, snap.loadProxyServices(context.Background(), s, "acc"))
+	assert.False(t, called, "synthesiser must not run for accounts without embedded proxy peers")
+	assert.Empty(t, snap.services)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affectedpeers/resolver.go b/management/server/affectedpeers/resolver.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cb2063ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affectedpeers/resolver.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1195 @@
+// Package affectedpeers computes which peers' network maps a change touches, so
+// only those peers are refreshed instead of the whole account.
+//
+// Two phases keep the dependency walk off the write transaction:
+//   - Load: reads the needed collections. Call INSIDE the mutating tx (consistent,
+//     and before a delete/removal severs the old state).
+//   - Snapshot.Expand: in-memory walk, no store access. Run AFTER the tx commits.
+//
+// Enabled handling differs by source. Disabled objects in the SNAPSHOT (existing
+// account policies/resources/routers/routes/proxy services and their rules/targets)
+// route to nobody and are skipped — they cannot affect any peer's map. Objects in
+// the CHANGE itself are processed regardless of Enabled, so disabling one still
+// refreshes the peers that lose access (the toggle is the observable change, and the
+// update carries the old∪new state).
+package affectedpeers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// agentNetworkSynthesizer returns the account's synthesised (never-persisted)
+// agent-network reverse-proxy services. It is registered at boot via
+// SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer to avoid an import cycle (agentnetwork → account →
+// affectedpeers). nil when agent-network is not wired, in which case only
+// persisted services are considered.
+var agentNetworkSynthesizer func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error)
+
+// SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer registers the agent-network service synthesiser.
+// Called once during boot, before any request is served.
+func SetAgentNetworkSynthesizer(fn func(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error)) {
+	agentNetworkSynthesizer = fn
+}
+
+// Snapshot is an in-memory view of the collections needed to expand a Change.
+// Loaded in-tx, walked by Expand after commit. Only the collections the Change
+// can touch are loaded; the rest stay nil (see Load).
+type Snapshot struct {
+	policies       []*types.Policy
+	routes         []*route.Route
+	nsGroups       []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
+	dnsSettings    *types.DNSSettings
+	routers        []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter
+	resources      []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource
+	services       []*rpservice.Service
+	proxyByCluster map[string][]string
+	groups         map[string]*types.Group
+	groupPeers     map[string]map[string]struct{} // groupID -> member peer IDs
+}
+
+// Load reads the collections a Change requires, inside the caller's tx. It mirrors
+// Expand's walker preconditions, loading only what the change can touch.
+func Load(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string, c Change) (*Snapshot, error) {
+	snap := &Snapshot{}
+	if c.isEmpty() {
+		return snap, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := snap.loadCollections(ctx, s, accountID, c); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := snap.loadGroupIndex(ctx, s, accountID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return snap, nil
+}
+
+// loadCollections reads the policy/route/nameserver/dns/router/resource/proxy
+// collections a Change can touch, gated to what the walk needs.
+func (snap *Snapshot) loadCollections(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string, c Change) error {
+	// LinkGroups drive the same policy/route/dns walk as a changed group or peer.
+	hasGroupOrPeerChange := len(c.ChangedGroupIDs) > 0 || len(c.ChangedPeerIDs) > 0 || len(c.LinkGroups) > 0 || len(c.Resources) > 0
+	hasNetworkObject := len(c.Routers) > 0 || len(c.Resources) > 0 || len(c.Networks) > 0
+	// the resource<->router bridge can fire for any of these
+	needsRoutersResources := hasGroupOrPeerChange || len(c.PostureCheckIDs) > 0 || len(c.Policies) > 0 || hasNetworkObject || len(c.UserGroupIDs) > 0 || c.AllowedUsersChanged
+
+	if needsRoutersResources {
+		if err := snap.loadPolicyRoutersResources(ctx, s, accountID); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if hasGroupOrPeerChange {
+		if err := snap.loadRoutesAndProxy(ctx, s, accountID); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if len(c.ChangedGroupIDs) > 0 || len(c.ChangedPeerIDs) > 0 || len(c.LinkGroups) > 0 {
+		if err := snap.loadDNS(ctx, s, accountID); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// loadPolicyRoutersResources loads the policies plus the routers and resources
+// the resource<->router bridge walks.
+func (snap *Snapshot) loadPolicyRoutersResources(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string) error {
+	var err error
+	if snap.policies, err = s.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if snap.routers, err = s.GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	snap.resources, err = s.GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	return err
+}
+
+// loadRoutesAndProxy loads the routes and the embedded-proxy services index.
+func (snap *Snapshot) loadRoutesAndProxy(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string) error {
+	var err error
+	if snap.routes, err = s.GetAccountRoutes(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return snap.loadProxyServices(ctx, s, accountID)
+}
+
+// loadDNS loads the nameserver groups and account DNS settings.
+func (snap *Snapshot) loadDNS(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string) error {
+	var err error
+	if snap.nsGroups, err = s.GetAccountNameServerGroups(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	snap.dnsSettings, err = s.GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	return err
+}
+
+// loadProxyServices loads the embedded-proxy cluster index, and the services only
+// when the account actually has embedded proxy peers. Both the persisted
+// reverse-proxy services and the synthesised agent-network services are loaded:
+// agent-network services are never persisted, so without synthesising them here
+// collectFromProxyServices can't fold the embedded proxy peer into the affected
+// set when a client's group changes, and the proxy never learns a newly
+// authorised client until it reconnects (full network-map resync).
+func (snap *Snapshot) loadProxyServices(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string) error {
+	var err error
+	if snap.proxyByCluster, err = s.GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(snap.proxyByCluster) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if snap.services, err = s.GetAccountServices(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if agentNetworkSynthesizer == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	synth, serr := agentNetworkSynthesizer(ctx, s, accountID)
+	if serr != nil {
+		// Non-fatal: fall back to persisted services. The next full
+		// network-map resync still converges the proxy.
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("affectedpeers: synthesise agent-network services for account %s: %v", accountID, serr)
+		return nil
+	}
+	snap.services = append(snap.services, synth...)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// loadGroupIndex loads all groups (for group.Resources) and builds the
+// group->member-peers index. Always needed: the bridge resolves group.Resources
+// and Expand maps groups to member peers.
+func (snap *Snapshot) loadGroupIndex(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string) error {
+	groups, err := s.GetAccountGroups(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	snap.groups = make(map[string]*types.Group, len(groups))
+	snap.groupPeers = make(map[string]map[string]struct{}, len(groups))
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		snap.groups[g.ID] = g
+		members := make(map[string]struct{}, len(g.Peers))
+		for _, pID := range g.Peers {
+			members[pID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		snap.groupPeers[g.ID] = members
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Change describes what changed in an account.
+type Change struct {
+	ChangedGroupIDs []string
+	ChangedPeerIDs  []string
+	Policies        []*types.Policy
+	Routes          []*route.Route
+	Routers         []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter
+	Resources       []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource
+	Networks        []*networkTypes.Network
+	PostureCheckIDs []string
+
+	// DistributionGroupIDs are groups whose members are directly affected, with no
+	// dependency walk — the change distributes config to the groups' member peers
+	// only (nameserver groups, DNS DisabledManagementGroups), not through the
+	// policy/route reachability graph. Pass old∪new so both states refresh.
+	DistributionGroupIDs []string
+
+	// RemovedPeersByGroup: peers that left a group, keyed by that group. They are no
+	// longer in the group's member index but still lose its reachability, so they are
+	// folded in — but only when the group is linked (an unlinked group has no map
+	// impact), matching how current members are handled.
+	RemovedPeersByGroup map[string][]string
+
+	// OutputPeerIDs are peers folded straight into the result without seeding their
+	// group memberships into the walk. Use for the peer whose group membership changed:
+	// the peer itself must refresh, but its OTHER groups did not change, so they must
+	// not be walked. Contrast ChangedPeerIDs, which seeds ALL of the peer's groups
+	// (correct when the peer's own attributes changed, e.g. IP/status).
+	OutputPeerIDs []string
+
+	// UserGroupIDs are groups whose USER membership changed (a user's auto-groups),
+	// as opposed to their peer membership. Peers ship the group -> user mapping only
+	// for the groups an SSH rule authorizes, so these refresh the destinations of the
+	// SSH rules authorizing them — independently of any peer moving between groups.
+	UserGroupIDs []string
+
+	// AllowedUsersChanged marks a change to the set of users allowed to open SSH
+	// sessions — a user was created, blocked or unblocked. That set is account-wide,
+	// and peers receive it through the SSH rules that name no group or user of their
+	// own, so those rules' destinations refresh.
+	AllowedUsersChanged bool
+
+	// LinkGroups are groups used ONLY to match policies/routes/routers and walk to the
+	// OPPOSITE side — they are never expanded to their own members. Use this when a
+	// peer's group membership changed: pass the peer in ChangedPeerIDs and its
+	// group(s) here. The opposite side of the policies the group participates in
+	// refreshes, but the group's other members (siblings) do not — nothing changed for
+	// them. For an intra-group policy (A→A) the opposite side IS the group, so its
+	// members still refresh via the opposite-side fold, exactly when they genuinely
+	// gain/lose the changed peer. Unlike ChangedGroupIDs, a LinkGroup is not added to
+	// the output, so a one-sided membership change never wakes the whole group.
+	LinkGroups []string
+}
+
+func (c Change) isEmpty() bool {
+	return len(c.ChangedGroupIDs) == 0 &&
+		len(c.ChangedPeerIDs) == 0 &&
+		len(c.Policies) == 0 &&
+		len(c.Routes) == 0 &&
+		len(c.Routers) == 0 &&
+		len(c.Resources) == 0 &&
+		len(c.Networks) == 0 &&
+		len(c.PostureCheckIDs) == 0 &&
+		len(c.UserGroupIDs) == 0 &&
+		!c.AllowedUsersChanged &&
+		len(c.DistributionGroupIDs) == 0 &&
+		len(c.RemovedPeersByGroup) == 0 &&
+		len(c.LinkGroups) == 0 &&
+		len(c.OutputPeerIDs) == 0
+}
+
+// Expand returns the deduplicated affected peer IDs from the preloaded Snapshot,
+// no store access. Run after the producing tx commits. Logs the full walk at
+// trace level for diagnosing a miscalculation.
+func (snap *Snapshot) Expand(ctx context.Context, accountID string, c Change) []string {
+	if c.isEmpty() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	r := newResolver(ctx, snap, accountID, c)
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("affectedpeers expand start: account=%s changedGroups=%v changedPeers=%v linkGroups=%v policies=%d routes=%d routers=%d resources=%d networks=%d postureChecks=%v distributionGroups=%v",
+		accountID, c.ChangedGroupIDs, c.ChangedPeerIDs, c.LinkGroups, len(c.Policies), len(c.Routes), len(c.Routers), len(c.Resources), len(c.Networks), c.PostureCheckIDs, c.DistributionGroupIDs)
+	r.walk()
+	return r.expand()
+}
+
+// Collect returns the affected group and direct-peer IDs without expanding groups
+// to members. Test-only introspection; use Resolve otherwise.
+func Collect(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string, c Change) (groupIDs []string, directPeerIDs []string) {
+	if c.isEmpty() {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	snap, err := Load(ctx, s, accountID, c)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to load snapshot for affected peers collect: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	r := newResolver(ctx, snap, accountID, c)
+	r.walk()
+	return setToSlice(r.affectedGroups), setToSlice(r.affectedPeers)
+}
+
+func newResolver(ctx context.Context, snap *Snapshot, accountID string, c Change) *resolver {
+	r := &resolver{
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		snap:           snap,
+		accountID:      accountID,
+		change:         c,
+		linkGroups:     toSet(c.ChangedGroupIDs),
+		outputGroups:   toSet(c.ChangedGroupIDs),
+		changedPeers:   toSet(c.ChangedPeerIDs),
+		affectedGroups: make(map[string]struct{}),
+		affectedPeers:  make(map[string]struct{}),
+	}
+	// LinkGroups match policies/routes to find the opposite side but are NOT output:
+	// they go into linkGroups only, never outputGroups, so their members never fold in.
+	addAll(r.linkGroups, c.LinkGroups)
+	// Resolve each changed peer to its groups here so callers pass only ChangedPeerIDs.
+	r.seedChangedGroupsFromPeers()
+	return r
+}
+
+// seedChangedGroupsFromPeers adds each changed peer's groups to linkGroups so
+// the group-driven walkers fire for memberships, not just direct peer references.
+// These seeded groups are for MATCHING only — folding the changed entity's own
+// side is gated on outputGroups (the caller-reported groups), so a seeded group
+// never folds its whole membership; only the changed peer itself folds in.
+func (r *resolver) seedChangedGroupsFromPeers() {
+	if len(r.changedPeers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	for groupID, members := range r.snap.groupPeers {
+		for pID := range r.changedPeers {
+			if _, ok := members[pID]; ok {
+				r.linkGroups[groupID] = struct{}{}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// policySide selects which side of a policy rule to walk.
+type policySide int
+
+const (
+	sideSource policySide = iota
+	sideDestination
+)
+
+func (s policySide) opposite() policySide {
+	if s == sideSource {
+		return sideDestination
+	}
+	return sideSource
+}
+
+// walk resolves affected peers in two buckets, by how far each change propagates.
+//
+// BOTH-SIDES — the rule itself changed (an explicit policy edit, or a policy whose
+// posture check changed). Source AND destination refresh, so each such policy is
+// walked on both sides.
+//
+// OPPOSITE-SIDE — an endpoint moved but no rule changed. For each policy the change
+// touches we fold only the side AWAY from the change:
+//   - a changed peer/group sits ON a policy side -> fold the opposite side;
+//   - a changed router/resource/network sits on a NETWORK -> fold the SOURCE side of
+//     the policies whose destination reaches it (and the routers it implies).
+//
+// Routes, nameserver groups, DNS and embedded-proxy services distribute to their own
+// member peers, outside the policy graph, and are folded here too.
+func (r *resolver) walk() {
+	for _, policy := range r.bothSidesPolicies() {
+		r.foldPolicySide(policy, sideSource)
+		r.foldPolicySide(policy, sideDestination)
+	}
+
+	if len(r.linkGroups) > 0 || len(r.changedPeers) > 0 {
+		r.collectFromPolicies()
+		r.collectFromRoutes()
+		r.collectFromNameServers()
+		r.collectFromDNSSettings()
+		r.collectFromNetworkRouters()
+		r.collectFromProxyServices()
+	}
+
+	r.collectFromSSHAuthorizedGroups()
+	r.collectFromAllowedUsers()
+
+	r.collectFromChangedRoutes(r.change.Routes)
+	r.collectFromChangedRouters(r.change.Routers)
+	r.collectFromChangedResources(r.change.Resources)
+	r.collectFromChangedNetworks(r.change.Networks)
+
+	// The explicitly changed peers always refresh their own maps. OnPeersUpdated only
+	// refreshes the resolver's output (it ignores the separately-passed changed peers),
+	// so the changed peer reaches its own new map only via here. An offline/deleted
+	// peer in the set is filtered downstream (filterConnectedAffectedPeers).
+	addAll(r.affectedPeers, setToSlice(r.changedPeers))
+	// OutputPeerIDs refresh themselves too, but unlike changedPeers their group
+	// memberships were not seeded into the walk (only the changed group was).
+	addAll(r.affectedPeers, r.change.OutputPeerIDs)
+
+	// Distribution groups (nameserver/DNS) affect only their member peers: fold them
+	// straight into affectedGroups so expand() maps them to members, without the
+	// policy/route walk that linkGroups would trigger.
+	addAll(r.affectedGroups, r.change.DistributionGroupIDs)
+}
+
+// bothSidesPolicies are the policies whose rule changed: the explicitly edited ones
+// plus those gated by a changed posture check. walk folds both their sides.
+func (r *resolver) bothSidesPolicies() []*types.Policy {
+	policies := append([]*types.Policy(nil), r.change.Policies...)
+	return r.appendPoliciesForPostureChecks(policies, r.change.PostureCheckIDs)
+}
+
+type resolver struct {
+	ctx       context.Context
+	snap      *Snapshot
+	accountID string
+	change    Change
+
+	// Inputs — what changed. Set once at construction, read-only during the walk
+	// (except linkGroups, which collectFromExplicitResources also seeds).
+	//
+	// linkGroups is the MATCH set: caller-changed groups ∪ the groups of changed
+	// peers ∪ changed-resource groups. A rule/route/router matches the change when
+	// one of its groups is here — used only to find the opposite side to fold.
+	//
+	// outputGroups is the FOLD-WHOLE-GROUP set: ONLY Change.ChangedGroupIDs. When a
+	// matched group is here, its whole membership is affected. A peer-seeded group
+	// is in linkGroups but NOT outputGroups, so it folds only the changed peer
+	// (changedPeers), never its siblings.
+	linkGroups   map[string]struct{}
+	outputGroups map[string]struct{}
+	changedPeers map[string]struct{}
+
+	// Outputs — the answer. The only sets the walk accumulates into. affectedGroups
+	// is expanded to its member peers in expand().
+	affectedGroups map[string]struct{}
+	affectedPeers  map[string]struct{}
+}
+
+// policies returns the account's ENABLED policies from the snapshot. Disabled
+// policies grant no access, so the walk skips them when scanning existing account
+// data. Explicitly changed policies (Change.Policies, via bothSidesPolicies) are
+// processed regardless of Enabled, so disabling one still refreshes its peers.
+func (r *resolver) policies() []*types.Policy {
+	enabled := make([]*types.Policy, 0, len(r.snap.policies))
+	for _, policy := range r.snap.policies {
+		if policy != nil && policy.Enabled {
+			enabled = append(enabled, policy)
+		}
+	}
+	return enabled
+}
+
+// networkResources / networkRouters return the account's ENABLED resources/routers
+// from the snapshot. Disabled objects route to nobody, so the walk skips them when
+// it scans existing account data. The explicitly changed objects in the Change are
+// processed regardless of Enabled (collectFromChanged*), so disabling one still
+// refreshes the peers that lose access.
+func (r *resolver) networkResources() []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource {
+	enabled := make([]*resourceTypes.NetworkResource, 0, len(r.snap.resources))
+	for _, resource := range r.snap.resources {
+		if resource.Enabled {
+			enabled = append(enabled, resource)
+		}
+	}
+	return enabled
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) networkRouters() []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter {
+	enabled := make([]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, 0, len(r.snap.routers))
+	for _, router := range r.snap.routers {
+		if router.Enabled {
+			enabled = append(enabled, router)
+		}
+	}
+	return enabled
+}
+
+// peerIDsForGroups maps a group set to its member peer IDs via the preloaded index.
+func (r *resolver) peerIDsForGroups(groups map[string]struct{}) []string {
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
+	var ids []string
+	for gID := range groups {
+		for pID := range r.snap.groupPeers[gID] {
+			if _, ok := seen[pID]; ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[pID] = struct{}{}
+			ids = append(ids, pID)
+		}
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) expand() []string {
+	peerIDs := r.peerIDsForGroups(r.affectedGroups)
+
+	log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("affectedpeers expand: account=%s affectedGroups=%v -> %d group-member peers; direct peers=%v",
+		r.accountID, setToSlice(r.affectedGroups), len(peerIDs), setToSlice(r.affectedPeers))
+
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(peerIDs))
+	for _, id := range peerIDs {
+		seen[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for id := range r.affectedPeers {
+		if _, ok := seen[id]; !ok {
+			peerIDs = append(peerIDs, id)
+			seen[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Fold in removed peers only when their group is linked (in affectedGroups).
+	for groupID, removed := range r.change.RemovedPeersByGroup {
+		if _, linked := r.affectedGroups[groupID]; !linked {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, id := range removed {
+			if _, ok := seen[id]; !ok {
+				peerIDs = append(peerIDs, id)
+				seen[id] = struct{}{}
+				log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("affectedpeers expand: removed peer %s from linked group %s -> affected", id, groupID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("affectedpeers expand done: account=%s -> %d affected peers: %v", r.accountID, len(peerIDs), peerIDs)
+	return peerIDs
+}
+
+// ruleSideGroups / ruleSideResource return the groups and the resource on the given
+// side of a rule.
+func ruleSideGroups(rule *types.PolicyRule, side policySide) []string {
+	if side == sideDestination {
+		return rule.Destinations
+	}
+	return rule.Sources
+}
+
+func ruleSideResource(rule *types.PolicyRule, side policySide) types.Resource {
+	if side == sideDestination {
+		return rule.DestinationResource
+	}
+	return rule.SourceResource
+}
+
+// foldPolicySide folds one side of a policy down to affected peers: its groups
+// (resolved to members in expand) and its direct peer. When the side is the
+// DESTINATION and references a network resource (directly or via a destination
+// group's resources), it also folds the routers that serve that resource's network
+// — a destination resource is reached through its routers. A resource on the SOURCE
+// side routes to nobody (GetPoliciesForNetworkResource matches destinations only),
+// so the router hop is destination-only.
+func (r *resolver) foldPolicySide(policy *types.Policy, side policySide) {
+	if policy == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+		addAll(r.affectedGroups, ruleSideGroups(rule, side))
+		res := ruleSideResource(rule, side)
+		if res.Type == types.ResourceTypePeer && res.ID != "" {
+			r.affectedPeers[res.ID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	if side == sideDestination {
+		r.foldRoutersForResources(r.policyDestinationResourceIDs(policy))
+	}
+}
+
+// appendPoliciesForPostureChecks appends every policy that references a changed
+// posture check (a rule change, so walk both sides).
+func (r *resolver) appendPoliciesForPostureChecks(policies []*types.Policy, postureCheckIDs []string) []*types.Policy {
+	if len(postureCheckIDs) == 0 {
+		return policies
+	}
+	ids := toSet(postureCheckIDs)
+	for _, policy := range r.policies() {
+		if !policyReferencesPostureChecks(policy, ids) || !policy.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("appendPoliciesForPostureChecks: policy %s (%s) references changed posture checks %v -> both-sides policy",
+			policy.ID, policy.Name, postureCheckIDs)
+		policies = append(policies, policy)
+	}
+	return policies
+}
+
+// collectFromPolicies folds, for every policy whose rule a changed group or peer
+// touches, only the OPPOSITE side (down to peers, incl. destination routers), plus
+// the changed entity's own side: the changed group's whole membership when the
+// group itself changed (outputGroups), or the changed peer alone when matched via a
+// peer-seeded group (never its co-members).
+func (r *resolver) collectFromPolicies() {
+	for _, policy := range r.policies() {
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if !rule.Enabled {
+				continue // a disabled rule grants no access
+			}
+			r.foldRuleSideIfChanged(policy, rule, sideSource)
+			r.foldRuleSideIfChanged(policy, rule, sideDestination)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// foldRuleSideIfChanged: when a changed group or direct peer sits on `side` of the
+// rule, fold the opposite side fully (groups/peers + destination routers) and fold
+// the changed entity's own side (the whole changed group, or the changed peer alone).
+func (r *resolver) foldRuleSideIfChanged(policy *types.Policy, rule *types.PolicyRule, side policySide) {
+	nearGroups := ruleSideGroups(rule, side)
+	nearResource := ruleSideResource(rule, side)
+
+	matchedByGroup := anyInSet(nearGroups, r.linkGroups)
+	matchedByPeer := isDirectPeerInSet(nearResource, r.changedPeers)
+	if !matchedByGroup && !matchedByPeer {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Opposite side, fully down to peers (a destination opposite also folds routers).
+	r.foldPolicySideForRule(policy, rule, side.opposite())
+
+	// Own side: fold the whole changed group's members only when the group itself
+	// changed (outputGroups). A peer-seeded or link-only group is not folded here —
+	// its siblings never refresh. The changed peers themselves are folded once, after
+	// the walk (see walk()).
+	for _, gID := range nearGroups {
+		if _, ok := r.outputGroups[gID]; ok {
+			r.affectedGroups[gID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// When the changed side IS a destination, the resources it targets are reached
+	// through their network's routers, so those routers refresh too (e.g. attaching a
+	// resource to a destination group, or a changed destination group/resource).
+	if side == sideDestination {
+		r.foldRoutersForResources(r.ruleDestinationResourceIDs(rule))
+	}
+}
+
+// foldPolicySideForRule folds one side of a single rule (groups + direct peer), and
+// for a destination side the routers of that rule's destination resources.
+func (r *resolver) foldPolicySideForRule(policy *types.Policy, rule *types.PolicyRule, side policySide) {
+	addAll(r.affectedGroups, ruleSideGroups(rule, side))
+	res := ruleSideResource(rule, side)
+	if res.Type == types.ResourceTypePeer && res.ID != "" {
+		r.affectedPeers[res.ID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	if side == sideDestination {
+		r.foldRoutersForResources(r.ruleDestinationResourceIDs(rule))
+	}
+}
+
+// collectFromChangedRoutes folds an explicitly changed route's own groups and peer.
+func (r *resolver) collectFromChangedRoutes(routes []*route.Route) {
+	for _, rt := range routes {
+		if rt == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromChangedRoutes: changed route %s -> folding groups=%v peerGroups=%v accessControlGroups=%v peer=%q",
+			rt.ID, rt.Groups, rt.PeerGroups, rt.AccessControlGroups, rt.Peer)
+		addAll(r.affectedGroups, rt.Groups, rt.PeerGroups, rt.AccessControlGroups)
+		if rt.Peer != "" {
+			r.affectedPeers[rt.Peer] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// collectFromChangedRouters: a changed router refreshes its OWN backing peer/groups
+// (the changed entity) and the SOURCE side of every policy reaching a resource on
+// its network (the router serves the whole network). Sibling routers on the network
+// are independent and are NOT folded. Passing the old router state keeps a repointed
+// router's previous backing affected without a post-commit read.
+func (r *resolver) collectFromChangedRouters(routers []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter) {
+	for _, router := range routers {
+		if router == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromChangedRouters: changed router %s on network %s -> folding its own peerGroups=%v peer=%q + sources reaching network resources",
+			router.ID, router.NetworkID, router.PeerGroups, router.Peer)
+		addAll(r.affectedGroups, router.PeerGroups)
+		if router.Peer != "" {
+			r.affectedPeers[router.Peer] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		if router.NetworkID != "" {
+			r.foldPolicySourcesForResources(r.networkResourceIDs(router.NetworkID))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// collectFromChangedResources: a changed resource refreshes the SOURCE side of the
+// policies targeting EXACTLY that resource — directly, or via one of the resource's
+// own groups (old∪new across the change, so a now-detached group's sources still
+// refresh) — plus the routers serving its network (the resource is reached through
+// them). It does not touch sibling resources on the same network.
+func (r *resolver) collectFromChangedResources(resources []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource) {
+	for _, resource := range resources {
+		if resource == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromChangedResources: changed resource %s on network %s (groups %v) -> folding sources of policies targeting it + its network's routers",
+			resource.ID, resource.NetworkID, resource.GroupIDs)
+		r.foldPolicySourcesForResource(resource.ID, resource.GroupIDs)
+		if resource.NetworkID != "" {
+			r.foldRoutersOnNetworks(map[string]struct{}{resource.NetworkID: {}})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// foldPolicySourcesForResource folds the source side of every policy whose
+// destination is the given resource — referenced directly, or via any of the given
+// groups (the resource's own old∪new groups, which captures a detached group).
+func (r *resolver) foldPolicySourcesForResource(resourceID string, groupIDs []string) {
+	groups := toSet(groupIDs)
+	for _, policy := range r.policies() {
+		if !policyTargetsResourceOrGroups(policy, resourceID, groups) {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("foldPolicySourcesForResource: policy %s (%s) targets changed resource %s -> folding its source groups/peers", policy.ID, policy.Name, resourceID)
+		collectPolicySources(policy, r.affectedGroups, r.affectedPeers)
+	}
+}
+
+// policyTargetsResourceOrGroups reports whether a policy's destination is the given
+// resource directly, or one of the given destination groups.
+func policyTargetsResourceOrGroups(policy *types.Policy, resourceID string, groups map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	if policy == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+		if !rule.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		if rule.DestinationResource.Type != types.ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID == resourceID && resourceID != "" {
+			return true
+		}
+		if anyInSet(rule.Destinations, groups) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// collectFromChangedNetworks: a changed network refreshes the SOURCE side of the
+// policies reaching any of its resources, plus its routers. A network has no
+// groups/peers of its own.
+func (r *resolver) collectFromChangedNetworks(networks []*networkTypes.Network) {
+	for _, network := range networks {
+		if network == nil || network.ID == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromChangedNetworks: changed network %s -> folding sources reaching its resources + its routers", network.ID)
+		resourceIDs := r.networkResourceIDs(network.ID)
+		r.foldPolicySourcesForResources(resourceIDs)
+		r.foldRoutersOnNetworks(map[string]struct{}{network.ID: {}})
+	}
+}
+
+// foldPolicySourcesForResources folds the source groups/peers of every policy whose
+// destination targets one of resourceIDs (directly or via a destination group).
+func (r *resolver) foldPolicySourcesForResources(resourceIDs map[string]struct{}) {
+	if len(resourceIDs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, policy := range r.policies() {
+		if r.policyTargetsResources(policy, resourceIDs) {
+			log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("foldPolicySourcesForResources: policy %s (%s) targets a changed resource -> folding its source groups/peers", policy.ID, policy.Name)
+			collectPolicySources(policy, r.affectedGroups, r.affectedPeers)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// collectFromRoutes folds, per matched route, the OPPOSITE side(s) fully and the
+// matched side's own groups only on a whole-group change (outputGroups). A route has
+// three peer sides — routing (Peer/PeerGroups), consumer (Groups) and ACL
+// (AccessControlGroups) — that each refresh the others; the changed side's own group
+// folds its siblings only when the group itself changed, never on a one-peer move.
+func (r *resolver) collectFromRoutes() {
+	for _, rt := range r.snap.routes {
+		if !rt.Enabled {
+			continue // disabled routes route to nobody; skip existing account data
+		}
+		routing := anyInSet(rt.PeerGroups, r.linkGroups) || (rt.Peer != "" && isInSet(rt.Peer, r.changedPeers))
+		consumer := anyInSet(rt.Groups, r.linkGroups)
+		acl := anyInSet(rt.AccessControlGroups, r.linkGroups)
+		if !routing && !consumer && !acl {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromRoutes: route %s matched (routing=%t consumer=%t acl=%t) -> folding opposite sides; own side gated on outputGroups",
+			rt.ID, routing, consumer, acl)
+		r.foldRouteSide(rt.PeerGroups, routing)
+		r.foldRouteSide(rt.Groups, consumer)
+		r.foldRouteSide(rt.AccessControlGroups, acl)
+		// The single routing Peer folds when the routing side is the OPPOSITE of the
+		// match (consumer/acl need it), or when that very peer is the change.
+		if rt.Peer != "" && (consumer || acl || isInSet(rt.Peer, r.changedPeers)) {
+			r.affectedPeers[rt.Peer] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// foldRouteSide folds a route side: when this side is the one that matched, fold its
+// groups only on a whole-group change (outputGroups) so siblings of a single moved
+// peer stay put; otherwise it is an opposite side and folds fully.
+func (r *resolver) foldRouteSide(groups []string, matchedHere bool) {
+	if matchedHere {
+		r.foldOutputGroups(groups)
+		return
+	}
+	addAll(r.affectedGroups, groups)
+}
+
+// foldOutputGroups folds only the groups that the caller reported as wholly changed
+// (outputGroups). Used for a matched object's OWN side, where a peer-seeded or
+// link-only group must not pull in its siblings.
+func (r *resolver) foldOutputGroups(groups ...[]string) {
+	for _, gs := range groups {
+		for _, gID := range gs {
+			if _, ok := r.outputGroups[gID]; ok {
+				r.affectedGroups[gID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) collectFromNameServers() {
+	if len(r.linkGroups) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, ns := range r.snap.nsGroups {
+		if anyInSet(ns.Groups, r.linkGroups) {
+			// A nameserver group has no opposite side: a peer's DNS config depends only
+			// on its own membership, so a one-peer move refreshes that peer alone (folded
+			// elsewhere). Fold the referenced groups only on a whole-group change.
+			log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromNameServers: nameserver group %s references a linked group -> folding its groups %v (outputGroups only)", ns.ID, ns.Groups)
+			r.foldOutputGroups(ns.Groups)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// collectFromSSHAuthorizedGroups folds the destinations of the enabled SSH rules that
+// authorize a group whose user membership changed. Those destination peers carry the
+// group -> user mapping for the groups they authorize, so they refresh even when no
+// peer moved between groups.
+func (r *resolver) collectFromSSHAuthorizedGroups() {
+	if len(r.change.UserGroupIDs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	changed := toSet(r.change.UserGroupIDs)
+	for _, policy := range r.policies() {
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if !rule.Enabled || rule.Protocol != types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH {
+				continue
+			}
+			if !anyInSet(maps.Keys(rule.AuthorizedGroups), changed) {
+				continue
+			}
+			log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromSSHAuthorizedGroups: rule %s authorizes a changed user group -> folding its destinations", rule.ID)
+			r.foldPolicySideForRule(policy, rule, sideDestination)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// collectFromAllowedUsers folds the destinations of the rules that make a peer carry
+// the account's allowed-user set, for a change to who is in that set.
+func (r *resolver) collectFromAllowedUsers() {
+	if !r.change.AllowedUsersChanged {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, policy := range r.policies() {
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if !rule.Enabled || !ruleShipsAllowedUsers(rule) {
+				continue
+			}
+			log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromAllowedUsers: rule %s ships the allowed-user set -> folding its destinations", rule.ID)
+			r.foldPolicySideForRule(policy, rule, sideDestination)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// ruleShipsAllowedUsers reports whether a rule makes its destination peers carry the
+// account's allowed-user set. It mirrors the network map's SSH requirements except for
+// the destination peer's own SSH flag, which the snapshot does not hold — so it folds a
+// superset and never misses a peer.
+func ruleShipsAllowedUsers(rule *types.PolicyRule) bool {
+	if rule.Protocol == types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH {
+		return len(rule.AuthorizedGroups) == 0 && rule.AuthorizedUser == ""
+	}
+	return types.PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule)
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) collectFromDNSSettings() {
+	if len(r.linkGroups) == 0 || r.snap.dnsSettings == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, gID := range r.snap.dnsSettings.DisabledManagementGroups {
+		if _, ok := r.linkGroups[gID]; ok {
+			log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromDNSSettings: changed group %s is in DisabledManagementGroups -> folding it", gID)
+			r.affectedGroups[gID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// collectFromNetworkRouters handles a changed group/peer that BACKS a router (the
+// routing peer set moved): the router's own peers refresh and so do the sources of
+// the policies reaching its network's resources. Sibling routers on the network are
+// independent and are not folded.
+func (r *resolver) collectFromNetworkRouters() {
+	for _, router := range r.networkRouters() {
+		matchedByGroup := anyInSet(router.PeerGroups, r.linkGroups)
+		matchedByPeer := router.Peer != "" && len(r.changedPeers) > 0 && isInSet(router.Peer, r.changedPeers)
+		if !matchedByGroup && !matchedByPeer {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromNetworkRouters: router %s on network %s matched (byGroup=%t byPeer=%t) -> folding its peerGroups=%v peer=%q (own groups on outputGroups) + sources reaching network resources",
+			router.ID, router.NetworkID, matchedByGroup, matchedByPeer, router.PeerGroups, router.Peer)
+		// The backing PeerGroups are the matched (own) side: fold them only on a
+		// whole-group change so a one-peer move does not wake sibling backing peers. The
+		// opposite side (policy sources reaching the network) is folded below.
+		r.foldOutputGroups(router.PeerGroups)
+		if router.Peer != "" {
+			r.affectedPeers[router.Peer] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		if router.NetworkID != "" {
+			r.foldPolicySourcesForResources(r.networkResourceIDs(router.NetworkID))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) collectFromProxyServices() {
+	if len(r.snap.proxyByCluster) == 0 || len(r.snap.services) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	services, proxyByCluster := r.snap.services, r.snap.proxyByCluster
+
+	expanded := r.expandChangedPeersWithGroups()
+
+	for _, svc := range services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled {
+			continue // a disabled service proxies nothing; skip existing account data
+		}
+		proxyPeers := proxyByCluster[svc.ProxyCluster]
+		if len(proxyPeers) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		matchedByPeer := serviceMatchesChangedPeers(svc, proxyPeers, expanded)
+		matchedByAccessGroup := anyInSet(svc.AccessGroups, r.linkGroups)
+		if !matchedByPeer && !matchedByAccessGroup {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("collectFromProxyServices: service %s (cluster=%s) matched (byProxyOrTargetPeer=%t byAccessGroup=%t) -> folding %d proxy peers, peer targets; access groups %v on outputGroups only",
+			svc.ID, svc.ProxyCluster, matchedByPeer, matchedByAccessGroup, len(proxyPeers), svc.AccessGroups)
+		for _, pid := range proxyPeers {
+			r.affectedPeers[pid] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		for _, target := range svc.Targets {
+			if !target.Enabled {
+				continue // a disabled target forwards nothing
+			}
+			if target.TargetType == rpservice.TargetTypePeer && target.TargetId != "" {
+				r.affectedPeers[target.TargetId] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+		// AccessGroups are the matched (own) side with no opposite to fold: a member's
+		// proxy access is self-contained, so a one-peer move refreshes that peer alone.
+		// Fold the groups only on a whole-group change.
+		r.foldOutputGroups(svc.AccessGroups)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) expandChangedPeersWithGroups() map[string]struct{} {
+	if len(r.linkGroups) == 0 {
+		return r.changedPeers
+	}
+	ids := r.peerIDsForGroups(r.linkGroups)
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		return r.changedPeers
+	}
+	merged := make(map[string]struct{}, len(r.changedPeers)+len(ids))
+	for id := range r.changedPeers {
+		merged[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		merged[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return merged
+}
+
+// foldRoutersForResources folds the routers serving the networks of the given
+// resources (a destination resource is reached through its network's routers). It is
+// the resource -> network -> router hop used by foldPolicySide for a destination.
+func (r *resolver) foldRoutersForResources(resourceIDs map[string]struct{}) {
+	if len(resourceIDs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	r.foldRoutersOnNetworks(r.resourceNetworkIDs(resourceIDs))
+}
+
+// ruleDestinationResourceIDs returns the destination resource IDs of a single rule:
+// the direct DestinationResource plus the resources of its destination groups.
+func (r *resolver) ruleDestinationResourceIDs(rule *types.PolicyRule) map[string]struct{} {
+	resourceIDs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	if rule.DestinationResource.Type != types.ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
+		resourceIDs[rule.DestinationResource.ID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	r.addGroupResourceIDs(toSet(rule.Destinations), resourceIDs)
+	return resourceIDs
+}
+
+// networkResourceIDs returns the IDs of all resources on the given network.
+func (r *resolver) networkResourceIDs(networkID string) map[string]struct{} {
+	resourceIDs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, resource := range r.networkResources() {
+		if resource.NetworkID == networkID {
+			resourceIDs[resource.ID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return resourceIDs
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) foldRoutersOnNetworks(networkIDs map[string]struct{}) {
+	for _, router := range r.networkRouters() {
+		if _, ok := networkIDs[router.NetworkID]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		log.WithContext(r.ctx).Tracef("bridgeRoutersToSources: router %s serves affected network %s -> folding peerGroups=%v peer=%q",
+			router.ID, router.NetworkID, router.PeerGroups, router.Peer)
+		addAll(r.affectedGroups, router.PeerGroups)
+		if router.Peer != "" {
+			r.affectedPeers[router.Peer] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) resourceNetworkIDs(resourceIDs map[string]struct{}) map[string]struct{} {
+	networkIDs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, resource := range r.networkResources() {
+		if _, ok := resourceIDs[resource.ID]; ok {
+			networkIDs[resource.NetworkID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return networkIDs
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) policyTargetsResources(policy *types.Policy, resourceIDs map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	if policy == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	destGroupSet := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+		if !rule.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		if rule.DestinationResource.Type != types.ResourceTypePeer && isInSet(rule.DestinationResource.ID, resourceIDs) {
+			return true
+		}
+		for _, gID := range rule.Destinations {
+			destGroupSet[gID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(destGroupSet) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for gID := range destGroupSet {
+		group := r.snap.groups[gID]
+		if group == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, res := range group.Resources {
+			if isInSet(res.ID, resourceIDs) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (r *resolver) policyDestinationResourceIDs(policies ...*types.Policy) map[string]struct{} {
+	resourceIDs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	destGroupSet := collectPolicyDestinations(resourceIDs, policies...)
+	r.addGroupResourceIDs(destGroupSet, resourceIDs)
+	return resourceIDs
+}
+
+// collectPolicyDestinations adds direct destination resource IDs to resourceIDs and
+// returns the referenced destination group IDs.
+func collectPolicyDestinations(resourceIDs map[string]struct{}, policies ...*types.Policy) map[string]struct{} {
+	destGroupSet := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		if policy == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			addAll(destGroupSet, rule.Destinations)
+			if rule.DestinationResource.Type != types.ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
+				resourceIDs[rule.DestinationResource.ID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return destGroupSet
+}
+
+// addGroupResourceIDs folds the resource IDs of the given groups into resourceIDs.
+func (r *resolver) addGroupResourceIDs(groupIDs map[string]struct{}, resourceIDs map[string]struct{}) {
+	for gID := range groupIDs {
+		group := r.snap.groups[gID]
+		if group == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, res := range group.Resources {
+			if res.ID != "" {
+				resourceIDs[res.ID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// collectPolicySources folds the source groups/peers of a snapshot policy's enabled
+// rules (a disabled rule grants no access).
+func collectPolicySources(policy *types.Policy, groups, peers map[string]struct{}) {
+	for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+		if !rule.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		addAll(groups, rule.Sources)
+		if rule.SourceResource.Type == types.ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
+			peers[rule.SourceResource.ID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func policyReferencesPostureChecks(policy *types.Policy, ids map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	for _, id := range policy.SourcePostureChecks {
+		if _, ok := ids[id]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isDirectPeerInSet(res types.Resource, set map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	if res.Type != types.ResourceTypePeer || res.ID == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok := set[res.ID]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func serviceMatchesChangedPeers(svc *rpservice.Service, proxyPeers []string, changedPeers map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	for _, pid := range proxyPeers {
+		if _, ok := changedPeers[pid]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, target := range svc.Targets {
+		if !target.Enabled || target.TargetType != rpservice.TargetTypePeer || target.TargetId == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := changedPeers[target.TargetId]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func anyInSet(ids []string, set map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		if _, ok := set[id]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func isInSet(id string, set map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	_, ok := set[id]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func addAll(set map[string]struct{}, slices ...[]string) {
+	for _, s := range slices {
+		for _, id := range s {
+			set[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func toSet(ids []string) map[string]struct{} {
+	set := make(map[string]struct{}, len(ids))
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		set[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return set
+}
+
+func setToSlice(set map[string]struct{}) []string {
+	s := make([]string, 0, len(set))
+	for id := range set {
+		s = append(s, id)
+	}
+	return s
+}
diff --git a/management/server/affectedpeers/resolver_test.go b/management/server/affectedpeers/resolver_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0c430c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/affectedpeers/resolver_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+package affectedpeers
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// policyGroupsAndPeers mirrors the both-sides extraction (RuleGroups + direct peers)
+// the resolver folds in for a changed policy, for asserting the pure logic.
+func policyGroupsAndPeers(policies ...*types.Policy) (groups []string, peers []string) {
+	peerSet := map[string]struct{}{}
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		groups = append(groups, p.RuleGroups()...)
+		for _, rule := range p.Rules {
+			if rule.SourceResource.Type == types.ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
+				peerSet[rule.SourceResource.ID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+			if rule.DestinationResource.Type == types.ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
+				peerSet[rule.DestinationResource.ID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for id := range peerSet {
+		peers = append(peers, id)
+	}
+	return groups, peers
+}
+
+func TestPolicyGroupsAndPeers_Basic(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := &types.Policy{Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{Sources: []string{"g1", "g2"}, Destinations: []string{"g3"}}}}
+	groups, peers := policyGroupsAndPeers(policy)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g1", "g2", "g3"}, groups)
+	assert.Empty(t, peers)
+}
+
+func TestPolicyGroupsAndPeers_WithPeerResources(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := &types.Policy{Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+		Sources:             []string{"g1"},
+		SourceResource:      types.Resource{ID: "p1", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+		Destinations:        []string{"g2"},
+		DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "p2", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+	}}}
+	groups, peers := policyGroupsAndPeers(policy)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g1", "g2"}, groups)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"p1", "p2"}, peers)
+}
+
+func TestPolicyGroupsAndPeers_NilPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	groups, peers := policyGroupsAndPeers(nil)
+	assert.Nil(t, groups)
+	assert.Nil(t, peers)
+}
+
+func TestPolicyGroupsAndPeers_MultiplePolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	old := &types.Policy{Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{Sources: []string{"g1"}, Destinations: []string{"g2"}}}}
+	updated := &types.Policy{Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{Sources: []string{"g3"}, Destinations: []string{"g4"}}}}
+	groups, _ := policyGroupsAndPeers(updated, old)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g1", "g2", "g3", "g4"}, groups)
+}
+
+func TestPolicyGroupsAndPeers_NonPeerResource(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := &types.Policy{Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+		Sources:        []string{"g1"},
+		SourceResource: types.Resource{ID: "domain-1", Type: types.ResourceTypeDomain},
+		Destinations:   []string{"g2"},
+	}}}
+	groups, peers := policyGroupsAndPeers(policy)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g1", "g2"}, groups)
+	assert.Empty(t, peers, "domain resource type should not produce direct peer IDs")
+}
+
+func TestChangeIsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.True(t, Change{}.isEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{"g"}}.isEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, Change{ChangedPeerIDs: []string{"p"}}.isEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, Change{Policies: []*types.Policy{{}}}.isEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, Change{Resources: []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource{{ID: "r"}}}.isEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, Change{Networks: []*networkTypes.Network{{ID: "n"}}}.isEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, Change{PostureCheckIDs: []string{"pc"}}.isEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, Change{UserGroupIDs: []string{"g"}}.isEmpty())
+	assert.False(t, Change{AllowedUsersChanged: true}.isEmpty())
+}
+
+func TestPolicyReferencesPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := &types.Policy{SourcePostureChecks: []string{"pc1", "pc2"}}
+
+	assert.True(t, policyReferencesPostureChecks(policy, map[string]struct{}{"pc1": {}}))
+	assert.False(t, policyReferencesPostureChecks(policy, map[string]struct{}{"pc3": {}}))
+}
+
+func TestCollectPolicySources(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := &types.Policy{Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+		Enabled:        true,
+		Sources:        []string{"g1"},
+		SourceResource: types.Resource{Type: types.ResourceTypePeer, ID: "p1"},
+		Destinations:   []string{"g2"},
+	}}}
+
+	groupSet := map[string]struct{}{}
+	peerSet := map[string]struct{}{}
+	collectPolicySources(policy, groupSet, peerSet)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, groupSet, "g1")
+	assert.NotContains(t, groupSet, "g2", "destination groups must not be collected as sources")
+	assert.Contains(t, peerSet, "p1")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/agentnetwork_budgetrule_realstack_test.go b/management/server/agentnetwork_budgetrule_realstack_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eca43bbec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/agentnetwork_budgetrule_realstack_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	agenttypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+)
+
+// TestAgentNetwork_BudgetRuleCRUD_RealManager is the GC-1 no-mock guard for the
+// account budget-rule manager surface: real DefaultAccountManager, real store,
+// real permissions. It exercises create/get/list/update/delete through the
+// permission-gated manager (not the store directly) and asserts the reused
+// PolicyLimits cap shape and targets survive each step.
+func TestAgentNetwork_BudgetRuleCRUD_RealManager(t *testing.T) {
+	am, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "createManager must succeed")
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	const (
+		accountID   = "agent-net-budget-acct"
+		adminUserID = "agent-net-budget-admin"
+	)
+	account := newAccountWithId(ctx, accountID, adminUserID, "agent-net.test", "", "", false)
+	require.NoError(t, am.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, account), "SaveAccount must succeed")
+
+	mgr := agentnetwork.NewManager(am.Store, permissions.NewManager(am.Store), am, nil)
+
+	created, err := mgr.CreateBudgetRule(ctx, adminUserID, &agenttypes.AccountBudgetRule{
+		AccountID:    accountID,
+		Name:         "eng-monthly",
+		Enabled:      true,
+		TargetGroups: []string{"grp-eng"},
+		TargetUsers:  []string{"user-alice"},
+		Limits: agenttypes.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit:  agenttypes.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCap: 100_000, UserCap: 10_000, WindowSeconds: 2_592_000},
+			BudgetLimit: agenttypes.PolicyBudgetLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCapUsd: 500, WindowSeconds: 2_592_000},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "CreateBudgetRule must succeed")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, created.ID, "create must mint an ID")
+
+	got, err := mgr.GetBudgetRule(ctx, accountID, adminUserID, created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "GetBudgetRule must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, "eng-monthly", got.Name, "name round-trips through the manager")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng"}, got.TargetGroups, "target groups round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(100_000), got.Limits.TokenLimit.GroupCap, "token group cap round-trips")
+
+	list, err := mgr.GetAllBudgetRules(ctx, accountID, adminUserID)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "GetAllBudgetRules must succeed")
+	require.Len(t, list, 1, "exactly the one created rule must be listed")
+
+	created.Limits.TokenLimit.GroupCap = 200_000
+	updated, err := mgr.UpdateBudgetRule(ctx, adminUserID, created)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "UpdateBudgetRule must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(200_000), updated.Limits.TokenLimit.GroupCap, "updated cap must persist")
+
+	require.NoError(t, mgr.DeleteBudgetRule(ctx, accountID, adminUserID, created.ID), "DeleteBudgetRule must succeed")
+	_, err = mgr.GetBudgetRule(ctx, accountID, adminUserID, created.ID)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "get after delete must fail")
+}
+
+// TestAgentNetwork_UpdateSettings_PreservesImmutableAndTogglesCollection is the
+// GC-1 guard for UpdateSettings: it must apply the collection toggles while
+// preserving the immutable Domain/ProxyAddress assigned at bootstrap. The
+// request echoes the identity fields back — the PUT convention every other
+// endpoint follows — and a request echoing anything else is rejected outright
+// rather than quietly ignored.
+func TestAgentNetwork_UpdateSettings_PreservesImmutableAndTogglesCollection(t *testing.T) {
+	am, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "createManager must succeed")
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	const (
+		accountID   = "agent-net-settings-acct"
+		adminUserID = "agent-net-settings-admin"
+		clusterAddr = "eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+	)
+	account := newAccountWithId(ctx, accountID, adminUserID, "agent-net.test", "", "", false)
+	require.NoError(t, am.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, account), "SaveAccount must succeed")
+
+	mgr := agentnetwork.NewManager(am.Store, permissions.NewManager(am.Store), am, nil)
+
+	// Bootstrap is an explicit settings create; providers have no settings
+	// side effects anymore.
+	before, err := mgr.CreateSettings(ctx, adminUserID, agenttypes.DefaultSettings(accountID), clusterAddr, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "CreateSettings must bootstrap the row")
+	require.Equal(t, clusterAddr, before.ProxyAddress, "proxy address pinned at bootstrap")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, before.Domain, "endpoint allocated at bootstrap")
+	assert.False(t, before.EnablePromptCollection, "prompt collection defaults off")
+
+	_, err = mgr.CreateProvider(ctx, adminUserID, &agenttypes.Provider{
+		AccountID:  accountID,
+		ProviderID: "openai_api",
+		Name:       "openai",
+		// A private address: the save-time credential check leaves it
+		// unchecked rather than spending a dummy key against the real
+		// api.openai.com, which the vendor refuses and which would make
+		// this test depend on the runner having egress.
+		UpstreamURL: "https://10.255.255.1",
+		APIKey:      "sk-test",
+		Enabled:     true,
+		Models:      []agenttypes.ProviderModel{{ID: "gpt-5.4"}},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "CreateProvider must succeed")
+
+	// Flipping the toggles works when the request echoes the assigned
+	// identity. Retention is echoed too: UpdateSettings takes it verbatim, so
+	// omitting it would zero the account's retention.
+	updated, err := mgr.UpdateSettings(ctx, adminUserID, &agenttypes.Settings{
+		AccountID:              accountID,
+		Domain:                 before.Domain,
+		ProxyAddress:           before.ProxyAddress,
+		EnableLogCollection:    true,
+		EnablePromptCollection: true,
+		RedactPii:              true,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: before.AccessLogRetentionDays,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "UpdateSettings must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, before.Domain, updated.Domain, "domain is immutable and must be preserved")
+	assert.Equal(t, before.ProxyAddress, updated.ProxyAddress, "proxy address is immutable and must be preserved")
+	assert.True(t, updated.EnableLogCollection, "log collection toggle must apply")
+	assert.True(t, updated.EnablePromptCollection, "prompt collection toggle must apply")
+	assert.True(t, updated.RedactPii, "redact toggle must apply")
+	assert.Equal(t, before.AccessLogRetentionDays, updated.AccessLogRetentionDays, "echoed retention must survive")
+
+	// Neither identity field can be smuggled into the row: a hand-rolled
+	// Settings value carrying a different endpoint or proxy address is
+	// rejected, not silently ignored.
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name         string
+		domain       string
+		proxyAddress string
+	}{
+		{name: "foreign endpoint", domain: "evil.example.com", proxyAddress: before.ProxyAddress},
+		{name: "foreign proxy address", domain: before.Domain, proxyAddress: "attacker.cluster"},
+		{name: "empty identity echo", domain: "", proxyAddress: ""},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := mgr.UpdateSettings(ctx, adminUserID, &agenttypes.Settings{
+				AccountID:              accountID,
+				Domain:                 tc.domain,
+				ProxyAddress:           tc.proxyAddress,
+				EnableLogCollection:    false,
+				EnablePromptCollection: false,
+				RedactPii:              false,
+				AccessLogRetentionDays: before.AccessLogRetentionDays,
+			})
+			assert.Error(t, err, "a mismatched identity echo must be rejected")
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "immutable", "the rejection must name the immutability rule")
+		})
+	}
+
+	// The rejected updates left the row exactly as the accepted one wrote it.
+	afterRejects, err := mgr.GetSettings(ctx, accountID, adminUserID)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "GetSettings must succeed")
+	assert.True(t, afterRejects.EnablePromptCollection, "a rejected update must not roll back the accepted toggles")
+
+	reloaded, err := am.Store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, before.Domain, reloaded.Domain, "persisted domain unchanged")
+	assert.Equal(t, before.ProxyAddress, reloaded.ProxyAddress, "persisted proxy address unchanged")
+	assert.True(t, reloaded.EnablePromptCollection, "persisted prompt collection toggled on")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/agentnetwork_realstack_test.go b/management/server/agentnetwork_realstack_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd63b1939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/agentnetwork_realstack_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	networkmap "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	agenttypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	nbproto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// TestAgentNetwork_ProviderCRUD_FansOutToProxyAndClientPeers is the no-mock
+// integration test for the live propagation path: a provider/policy mutation
+// through the real agentnetwork.Manager triggers the real
+// DefaultAccountManager.UpdateAccountPeers, which runs the real network-map
+// controller (including AN-2b's injectAllProxyPolicies), and a network map is
+// computed and fanned out to BOTH the embedded proxy peer and the client peer.
+//
+// Unlike the synthesizer/reconcile unit tests, nothing here is mocked: real
+// SQLite store, real account manager + network-map controller, real
+// agentnetwork manager, real peer update channels. The client peer's delivered
+// map is asserted to actually carry the synth DNS surface, and provider
+// create/delete are exercised end to end.
+func TestAgentNetwork_ProviderCRUD_FansOutToProxyAndClientPeers(t *testing.T) {
+	am, updateManager, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "createManager must succeed")
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	const (
+		accountID    = "agent-net-acct-1"
+		adminUserID  = "agent-net-admin-1"
+		groupAID     = "agent-net-grp-A"
+		clusterAddr  = "eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+		clientKey    = "BhRPtynAAYRDy08+q4HTMsos8fs4plTP4NOSh7C1ry8="
+		proxyPeerID  = "agent-net-proxy-peer-1"
+		proxyPeerKey = "/yF0+vCfv+mRR5k0dca0TrGdO/oiNeAI58gToZm5NyI="
+		proxyIP      = "100.64.0.99"
+	)
+
+	account := newAccountWithId(ctx, accountID, adminUserID, "agent-net.test", "", "", false)
+	require.NoError(t, am.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, account), "SaveAccount must succeed")
+
+	// Real client peer through the production AddPeer path.
+	clientPeer := &nbpeer.Peer{
+		Key:      clientKey,
+		Name:     "agent-net-client",
+		DNSLabel: "agent-net-client",
+		Meta:     nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "agent-net-client", GoOS: "linux", WtVersion: "development"},
+	}
+	addedClient, _, _, _, err := am.AddPeer(ctx, "", "", adminUserID, clientPeer, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "AddPeer must add the client peer")
+
+	// Inject a connected embedded proxy peer + put the client in the source group.
+	account, err = am.Store.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	account.Peers[proxyPeerID] = &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        proxyPeerID,
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Key:       proxyPeerKey,
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr(proxyIP),
+		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
+		ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true, Cluster: clusterAddr},
+		DNSLabel:  "agent-net-proxy",
+	}
+	account.Groups[groupAID] = &types.Group{ID: groupAID, Name: "groupA", Peers: []string{addedClient.ID}}
+	require.NoError(t, am.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, account), "SaveAccount must persist proxy peer + group")
+
+	// Subscribe to BOTH peers' update channels — this is how we observe the
+	// real fan-out.
+	clientCh := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, addedClient.ID)
+	proxyCh := updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, proxyPeerID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, addedClient.ID)
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(ctx, proxyPeerID)
+	})
+	drain(clientCh)
+	drain(proxyCh)
+
+	// Real agentnetwork manager wired to the real account manager. proxyController
+	// is nil (no gRPC cluster fan-out here) — the reconcile still fires
+	// UpdateAccountPeers, which is the path under test.
+	agentMgr := agentnetwork.NewManager(am.Store, permissions.NewManager(am.Store), am, nil)
+
+	_, err = agentMgr.CreateSettings(ctx, adminUserID, agenttypes.DefaultSettings(accountID), clusterAddr, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "CreateSettings must bootstrap the endpoint")
+	// The bootstrap itself reconciles and queues updates on both channels;
+	// drain them so the fan-out assertions below can only be satisfied by the
+	// operation under test, not by this leftover.
+	drain(clientCh)
+	drain(proxyCh)
+
+	provider, err := agentMgr.CreateProvider(ctx, adminUserID, &agenttypes.Provider{
+		AccountID:  accountID,
+		ProviderID: "openai_api",
+		Name:       "openai-test",
+		// A private address: the save-time credential check leaves it
+		// unchecked rather than spending a dummy key against the real
+		// api.openai.com, which the vendor refuses and which would make
+		// this test depend on the runner having egress.
+		UpstreamURL: "https://10.255.255.1",
+		APIKey:      "sk-test-key",
+		Enabled:     true,
+		Models:      []agenttypes.ProviderModel{{ID: "gpt-5.4"}},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "CreateProvider must succeed")
+
+	policy, err := agentMgr.CreatePolicy(ctx, adminUserID, &agenttypes.Policy{
+		AccountID:              accountID,
+		Name:                   "p1",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{groupAID},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{provider.ID},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "CreatePolicy must succeed")
+
+	settings, err := am.Store.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	fqdn := settings.Endpoint()
+
+	// Both peers must receive a fan-out. The provider-create reconcile fires
+	// before the policy exists (synth service then has no AccessGroups, so no
+	// zone), and the async update buffer can collapse/reorder updates — so we
+	// poll until the client's delivered map actually carries the synth record.
+	rdata := awaitZoneRData(clientCh, clusterAddr, fqdn, true)
+	assert.Equal(t, proxyIP, rdata,
+		"client peer's delivered network map must contain the synth DNS record pointing at the embedded proxy peer")
+	require.True(t, awaitUpdate(proxyCh), "embedded proxy peer must also receive a netmap update after create")
+
+	// UPDATE the provider — a new model on the existing service must still
+	// reconcile and keep the private surface routable (the live MODIFIED path).
+	provider.Models = append(provider.Models, agenttypes.ProviderModel{ID: "gpt-5.4-mini"})
+	_, err = agentMgr.UpdateProvider(ctx, adminUserID, provider)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "UpdateProvider must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, proxyIP, awaitZoneRData(clientCh, clusterAddr, fqdn, true),
+		"client peer must still resolve the synth record after the provider is updated")
+	require.True(t, awaitUpdate(proxyCh), "embedded proxy peer must also receive a netmap update after update")
+
+	// DELETE: detach the policy first (provider is in use), then drop the
+	// provider. Both peers update again and the synth surface disappears.
+	require.NoError(t, agentMgr.DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, adminUserID, policy.ID), "DeletePolicy must succeed")
+	require.NoError(t, agentMgr.DeleteProvider(ctx, accountID, adminUserID, provider.ID), "DeleteProvider must succeed")
+
+	require.True(t, awaitUpdate(proxyCh), "embedded proxy peer must also receive a netmap update after delete")
+	assert.Empty(t, awaitZoneRData(clientCh, clusterAddr, fqdn, false),
+		"synth DNS record must be gone from the client's map after the provider is deleted")
+}
+
+// awaitZoneRData drains the channel for up to 8s. When wantPresent is true it
+// returns as soon as the synth record appears (its RData). When false it drains
+// to quiescence and returns the RData of the last delivered map (expected empty
+// once the provider is gone), tolerating stale buffered updates that still
+// carry the zone.
+func awaitZoneRData(ch <-chan *networkmap.UpdateMessage, clusterAddr, fqdn string, wantPresent bool) string {
+	deadline := time.After(8 * time.Second)
+	last := ""
+	for {
+		select {
+		case m := <-ch:
+			if m == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			last = synthZoneRData(m.Update, clusterAddr, fqdn)
+			if wantPresent && last != "" {
+				return last
+			}
+		case <-time.After(750 * time.Millisecond):
+			return last
+		case <-deadline:
+			return last
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// awaitUpdate reports whether at least one update arrives within the window.
+func awaitUpdate(ch <-chan *networkmap.UpdateMessage) bool {
+	select {
+	case m := <-ch:
+		return m != nil
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// drain empties any buffered updates (e.g. from AddPeer/SaveAccount) so the
+// next observation reflects the operation under test.
+func drain(ch <-chan *networkmap.UpdateMessage) {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ch:
+		case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// synthZoneRData returns the RData of the synth A record (record name == fqdn)
+// inside the cluster's custom zone, or "" when absent.
+func synthZoneRData(sync *nbproto.SyncResponse, clusterAddr, fqdn string) string {
+	if sync == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, zone := range sync.GetNetworkMap().GetDNSConfig().GetCustomZones() {
+		if zone.GetDomain() != dns.Fqdn(clusterAddr) {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, rec := range zone.GetRecords() {
+			if rec.GetName() == dns.Fqdn(fqdn) {
+				return rec.GetRData()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/management/server/auth/manager.go b/management/server/auth/manager.go
index 27346a604..9498789f2 100644
--- a/management/server/auth/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/auth/manager.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/base62"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/idp/dex"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	nbjwt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth/jwt"
@@ -74,7 +75,10 @@ func (m *manager) ValidateAndParseToken(ctx context.Context, value string) (auth
 }
 
 func (m *manager) EnsureUserAccessByJWTGroups(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth, token *jwt.Token) (auth.UserAuth, error) {
-	if userAuth.IsChild || userAuth.IsPAT {
+	// Child accounts and PAT-authenticated requests do not use JWT group access checks.
+	// Embedded-Dex local users also skip them because local password authentication
+	// does not provide external IdP group claims.
+	if userAuth.IsChild || userAuth.IsPAT || dex.IsLocalUserID(userAuth.UserId) {
 		return userAuth, nil
 	}
 
diff --git a/management/server/auth/manager_test.go b/management/server/auth/manager_test.go
index 469737f47..af8a30ef1 100644
--- a/management/server/auth/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/server/auth/manager_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/idp/dex"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
@@ -206,6 +207,43 @@ func TestAuthManager_EnsureUserAccessByJWTGroups(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err = manager.EnsureUserAccessByJWTGroups(context.Background(), userAuth, token)
 		require.Error(t, err, "ensure user access is not in allowed groups")
 	})
+
+	t.Run("Local embedded-Dex user is exempt from JWT allow-groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Settings.JWTGroupsEnabled = true
+		account.Settings.JWTGroupsClaimName = "idp-groups"
+		account.Settings.JWTAllowGroups = []string{"not-a-group"}
+		err := store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "save account failed")
+
+		// Local Dex users have a "local" connector encoded in their user ID.
+		localUserAuth := nbauth.UserAuth{
+			AccountId: account.Id,
+			Domain:    domain,
+			UserId:    dex.EncodeDexUserID("local-owner", "local"),
+		}
+
+		localUserAuth, err = manager.EnsureUserAccessByJWTGroups(context.Background(), localUserAuth, token)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "local user must not be locked out by JWT allow-groups (issue #5337)")
+		require.Len(t, localUserAuth.Groups, 0, "JWT groups must not be evaluated for local users")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Federated embedded-Dex user is still subject to JWT allow-groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Settings.JWTGroupsEnabled = true
+		account.Settings.JWTGroupsClaimName = "idp-groups"
+		account.Settings.JWTAllowGroups = []string{"not-a-group"}
+		err := store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "save account failed")
+
+		// A federated user (non-"local" connector) must remain restricted.
+		fedUserAuth := nbauth.UserAuth{
+			AccountId: account.Id,
+			Domain:    domain,
+			UserId:    dex.EncodeDexUserID("entra-user", "entra"),
+		}
+
+		_, err = manager.EnsureUserAccessByJWTGroups(context.Background(), fedUserAuth, token)
+		require.Error(t, err, "federated user must still be restricted by JWT allow-groups")
+	})
 }
 
 func TestAuthManager_ValidateAndParseToken(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/management/server/auth/session.go b/management/server/auth/session.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..778146589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/auth/session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	usedTokenKeyPrefix = "jwt-used:"
+	usedTokenMarker    = "1"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrTokenAlreadyUsed = errors.New("JWT already used")
+	ErrTokenExpired     = errors.New("JWT expired")
+)
+
+// TokenCache atomically records used JWTs until their expiration.
+type TokenCache interface {
+	SetNX(ctx context.Context, key, value string, ttl time.Duration) (bool, error)
+}
+
+type SessionStore struct {
+	cache TokenCache
+}
+
+func NewSessionStore(cacheStore TokenCache) *SessionStore {
+	return &SessionStore{cache: cacheStore}
+}
+
+// RegisterToken records a JWT until its exp time and rejects reuse.
+func (s *SessionStore) RegisterToken(ctx context.Context, token string, expiresAt time.Time) error {
+	ttl := time.Until(expiresAt)
+	if ttl <= 0 {
+		return ErrTokenExpired
+	}
+
+	key := usedTokenKeyPrefix + hashToken(token)
+	created, err := s.cache.SetNX(ctx, key, usedTokenMarker, ttl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("store used token entry: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !created {
+		return ErrTokenAlreadyUsed
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hashToken(token string) string {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(token))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
diff --git a/management/server/auth/session_test.go b/management/server/auth/session_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c82dfc43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/auth/session_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+)
+
+func newTestSessionStore(t *testing.T) *SessionStore {
+	t.Helper()
+	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(context.Background(), time.Hour, time.Hour, 100)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return NewSessionStore(cacheStore)
+}
+
+func TestSessionStore_FirstRegisterSucceeds(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestSessionStore(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.RegisterToken(ctx, "token", time.Now().Add(time.Hour)))
+}
+
+func TestSessionStore_RegisterSameTokenTwiceIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestSessionStore(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	token := "token"
+	exp := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.RegisterToken(ctx, token, exp))
+
+	err := s.RegisterToken(ctx, token, exp)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrTokenAlreadyUsed)
+}
+
+func TestSessionStore_ConcurrentRegistrationAllowsOneCaller(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestSessionStore(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	const attempts = 100
+
+	start := make(chan struct{})
+	results := make(chan error, attempts)
+	for range attempts {
+		go func() {
+			<-start
+			results <- s.RegisterToken(ctx, "token", time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
+		}()
+	}
+	close(start)
+
+	succeeded := 0
+	alreadyUsed := 0
+	for range attempts {
+		err := <-results
+		switch {
+		case err == nil:
+			succeeded++
+		case errors.Is(err, ErrTokenAlreadyUsed):
+			alreadyUsed++
+		default:
+			require.NoError(t, err, "concurrent registration returned an unexpected error")
+		}
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, succeeded, "exactly one concurrent caller should register the token")
+	assert.Equal(t, attempts-1, alreadyUsed, "every other caller should be rejected as already used")
+}
+
+func TestSessionStore_RegisterDifferentTokensAreIndependent(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestSessionStore(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	exp := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.RegisterToken(ctx, "tokenA", exp))
+	require.NoError(t, s.RegisterToken(ctx, "tokenB", exp))
+}
+
+func TestSessionStore_RegisterWithPastExpiryIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestSessionStore(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	token := "token"
+
+	err := s.RegisterToken(ctx, token, time.Now().Add(-time.Second))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrTokenExpired)
+}
+
+func TestSessionStore_EntryEvictsAtTTLAndAllowsReRegistration(t *testing.T) {
+	s := newTestSessionStore(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	token := "token"
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.RegisterToken(ctx, token, time.Now().Add(50*time.Millisecond)))
+
+	err := s.RegisterToken(ctx, token, time.Now().Add(50*time.Millisecond))
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrTokenAlreadyUsed)
+
+	time.Sleep(120 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.RegisterToken(ctx, token, time.Now().Add(time.Hour)))
+}
+
+type failingTokenCache struct {
+	err error
+}
+
+func (f failingTokenCache) SetNX(context.Context, string, string, time.Duration) (bool, error) {
+	return false, f.err
+}
+
+func TestSessionStore_CacheErrorIsReturned(t *testing.T) {
+	cacheErr := errors.New("cache unavailable")
+	s := NewSessionStore(failingTokenCache{err: cacheErr})
+
+	err := s.RegisterToken(context.Background(), "token", time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
+	require.Error(t, err, "cache failure should be surfaced to the caller")
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, cacheErr, "cache error should be wrapped, not replaced")
+}
+
+func TestHashToken_StableAndDoesNotLeak(t *testing.T) {
+	a := hashToken("tokenA")
+	b := hashToken("tokenB")
+	assert.Equal(t, a, hashToken("tokenA"), "hash must be deterministic")
+	assert.NotEqual(t, a, b, "different tokens must hash differently")
+	assert.Len(t, a, 64, "sha256 hex must be 64 chars")
+	assert.NotContains(t, a, "tokenA", "raw token must not appear in hash")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/cache/memory.go b/management/server/cache/memory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f140f3ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/cache/memory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package cache
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
+	gocachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/store/go_cache/v4"
+	gocache "github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
+)
+
+type goCacheStore struct {
+	store.StoreInterface
+	client *gocache.Cache
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+}
+
+func newMemoryStore(maxTimeout, cleanupInterval time.Duration) Store {
+	client := gocache.New(maxTimeout, cleanupInterval)
+	return &goCacheStore{
+		StoreInterface: gocachestore.NewGoCache(client),
+		client:         client,
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *goCacheStore) SetNX(_ context.Context, key, value string, ttl time.Duration) (bool, error) {
+	// Add only returns an error when a non-expired entry already exists.
+	if err := s.client.Add(key, value, ttl); err != nil {
+		return false, nil //nolint:nilerr
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// GetDel reads the value under key and removes it. go-cache has no native read-and-delete
+// and releases its own lock between the two calls, so mu holds the pair together and no
+// value is consumed twice.
+//
+// Writes do not take mu: a Set landing mid-pair is lost, since GetDel returns the prior
+// value and deletes the new one. Callers must write a consumed key only once.
+func (s *goCacheStore) GetDel(_ context.Context, key string) (string, bool, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	value, found := s.client.Get(key)
+	if !found {
+		return "", false, nil
+	}
+	s.client.Delete(key)
+
+	str, ok := value.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false, fmt.Errorf("cached value is %T, not a string", value)
+	}
+	return str, true, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/cache/memory_test.go b/management/server/cache/memory_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..363504921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/cache/memory_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package cache_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+)
+
+func TestMemoryStore(t *testing.T) {
+	memStore, err := cache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't create memory store")
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	key, value := "testing", "tested"
+	err = memStore.Set(ctx, key, value)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "couldn't set testing data")
+
+	result, err := memStore.Get(ctx, key)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "couldn't get testing data")
+	assert.Equal(t, value, result, "value returned doesn't match testing data")
+
+	created, err := memStore.SetNX(ctx, "conditional", value, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't conditionally set testing data")
+	require.True(t, created, "first conditional set should create the entry")
+
+	created, err = memStore.SetNX(ctx, "conditional", value, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't conditionally check testing data")
+	require.False(t, created, "second conditional set should not replace the entry")
+
+	// test expiration
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	_, err = memStore.Get(ctx, key)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "value should not be found")
+}
+
+func TestMemoryStoreGetDel(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	newStore := func(t *testing.T) cache.Store {
+		t.Helper()
+		memStore, err := cache.NewStore(ctx, time.Minute, time.Minute, 100)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't create memory store")
+
+		return memStore
+	}
+
+	const (
+		key   = "consume"
+		value = "verifier"
+	)
+
+	t.Run("exactly one concurrent caller consumes the key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		memStore := newStore(t)
+		require.NoError(t, memStore.Set(ctx, key, value), "couldn't set testing data")
+
+		assertGetDelConsumedOnce(ctx, t, []cache.Store{memStore}, key, value)
+		assertGetDelMisses(ctx, t, memStore, key)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing key is not an error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assertGetDelMisses(ctx, t, newStore(t), "never-set")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("expired key is not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		memStore := newStore(t)
+		_, err := memStore.SetNX(ctx, key, value, 50*time.Millisecond)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't set testing data")
+
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		assertGetDelMisses(ctx, t, memStore, key)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/cache/redis.go b/management/server/cache/redis.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cd921c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/cache/redis.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package cache
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
+	redisstore "github.com/eko/gocache/store/redis/v4"
+	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type redisStore struct {
+	store.StoreInterface
+	client *redis.Client
+}
+
+func getRedisStore(ctx context.Context, redisEnvAddr string, maxConn int) (Store, error) {
+	options, err := redis.ParseURL(redisEnvAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing redis cache url: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	options.MaxIdleConns = int(math.Ceil(float64(maxConn) * 0.5)) // 50% of max conns
+	options.MinIdleConns = int(math.Ceil(float64(maxConn) * 0.1)) // 10% of max conns
+	options.MaxActiveConns = maxConn
+	options.ConnMaxIdleTime = 30 * time.Minute
+	options.ConnMaxLifetime = 0
+	options.PoolTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+	redisClient := redis.NewClient(options)
+	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 2*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err = redisClient.Ping(subCtx).Result()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(subCtx).Infof("using redis cache at %s", redisEnvAddr)
+
+	return &redisStore{
+		StoreInterface: redisstore.NewRedis(redisClient),
+		client:         redisClient,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *redisStore) SetNX(ctx context.Context, key, value string, ttl time.Duration) (bool, error) {
+	return s.client.SetNX(ctx, key, value, ttl).Result()
+}
+
+func (s *redisStore) GetDel(ctx context.Context, key string) (string, bool, error) {
+	value, err := s.client.GetDel(ctx, key).Result()
+	if errors.Is(err, redis.Nil) {
+		return "", false, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false, err
+	}
+	return value, true, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/cache/redis_test.go b/management/server/cache/redis_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..994ec7490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/cache/redis_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+package cache_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
+	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	testcontainersredis "github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/modules/redis"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+)
+
+func startRedis(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	redisContainer, err := testcontainersredis.Run(ctx, "redis:7")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't start redis container")
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := redisContainer.Terminate(ctx); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("failed to terminate container: %s", err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	redisURL, err := redisContainer.ConnectionString(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't get connection string")
+
+	t.Setenv(cache.RedisStoreEnvVar, redisURL)
+	return redisURL
+}
+
+func newRedisStore(t *testing.T) cache.Store {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	redisStore, err := cache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	return redisStore
+}
+
+func TestRedisStoreConnectionFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(cache.RedisStoreEnvVar, "redis://127.0.0.1:6379")
+	_, err := cache.NewStore(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond, 30*time.Millisecond, 100)
+	require.Error(t, err, "getting redis cache store should return error")
+}
+
+func TestRedisStoreConnectionSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	redisURL := startRedis(t)
+	redisStore := newRedisStore(t)
+
+	key, value := "testing", "tested"
+	err := redisStore.Set(ctx, key, value, store.WithExpiration(100*time.Millisecond))
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "couldn't set testing data")
+
+	result, err := redisStore.Get(ctx, key)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "couldn't get testing data")
+	assert.Equal(t, value, result, "value returned doesn't match testing data")
+
+	options, err := redis.ParseURL(redisURL)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "parsing redis cache url")
+
+	redisClient := redis.NewClient(options)
+	r, err := redisClient.Get(ctx, key).Result()
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "couldn't get testing data from redis")
+	assert.Equal(t, value, r, "value returned from redis doesn't match testing data")
+
+	// test expiration
+	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
+	_, err = redisStore.Get(ctx, key)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "value should not be found")
+}
+
+func TestRedisStoreSetNX(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	redisURL := startRedis(t)
+	redisStore, secondRedisStore := newRedisStore(t), newRedisStore(t)
+
+	const (
+		key   = "conditional"
+		value = "tested"
+	)
+
+	start := make(chan struct{})
+	type setResult struct {
+		created bool
+		err     error
+	}
+	results := make(chan setResult, 2)
+	for _, cacheStore := range []cache.Store{redisStore, secondRedisStore} {
+		go func() {
+			<-start
+			created, err := cacheStore.SetNX(ctx, key, value, time.Minute)
+			results <- setResult{created: created, err: err}
+		}()
+	}
+	close(start)
+
+	created := 0
+	for range 2 {
+		result := <-results
+		require.NoError(t, result.err, "conditional redis set failed")
+		if result.created {
+			created++
+		}
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, 1, created, "expected exactly one redis client to create the entry")
+
+	options, err := redis.ParseURL(redisURL)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "parsing redis cache url")
+
+	ttl, err := redis.NewClient(options).PTTL(ctx, key).Result()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't read entry TTL")
+	require.Positive(t, ttl, "created entry should have a positive TTL")
+}
+
+func TestRedisStoreGetDel(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	startRedis(t)
+	redisStore, secondRedisStore := newRedisStore(t), newRedisStore(t)
+
+	const (
+		key   = "consume"
+		value = "verifier"
+	)
+
+	t.Run("exactly one caller across independent clients consumes the key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// A generous TTL: the key is consumed explicitly, so expiry racing the
+		// concurrent callers would only make the test flaky on a loaded runner.
+		err := redisStore.Set(ctx, key, value, store.WithExpiration(time.Minute))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't set value to consume")
+
+		assertGetDelConsumedOnce(ctx, t, []cache.Store{redisStore, secondRedisStore}, key, value)
+		assertGetDelMisses(ctx, t, secondRedisStore, key)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing key is not an error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assertGetDelMisses(ctx, t, redisStore, "never-set")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("expired key is not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := redisStore.Set(ctx, key, value, store.WithExpiration(50*time.Millisecond))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "couldn't set value to consume")
+
+		time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		assertGetDelMisses(ctx, t, redisStore, key)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/cache/store.go b/management/server/cache/store.go
index 2ca8e8603..a0c093e5d 100644
--- a/management/server/cache/store.go
+++ b/management/server/cache/store.go
@@ -2,17 +2,10 @@ package cache
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"math"
 	"os"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
-	gocache_store "github.com/eko/gocache/store/go_cache/v4"
-	redis_store "github.com/eko/gocache/store/redis/v4"
-	gocache "github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
-	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 // RedisStoreEnvVar is the environment variable that determines if a redis store should be used.
@@ -31,15 +24,23 @@ const (
 	DefaultStoreMaxConn = 1000
 )
 
+// Store extends the shared cache interface with conditional and consuming operations.
+type Store interface {
+	store.StoreInterface
+	// SetNX stores a value with a TTL only when the key does not exist.
+	SetNX(ctx context.Context, key, value string, ttl time.Duration) (bool, error)
+	// GetDel reads a value and removes it, so only one caller can consume a key.
+	GetDel(ctx context.Context, key string) (value string, found bool, err error)
+}
+
 // NewStore creates a new cache store with the given max timeout and cleanup interval. It checks for the environment Variable RedisStoreEnvVar
 // to determine if a redis store should be used. If the environment variable is set, it will attempt to connect to the redis store.
-func NewStore(ctx context.Context, maxTimeout, cleanupInterval time.Duration, maxConn int) (store.StoreInterface, error) {
+func NewStore(ctx context.Context, maxTimeout, cleanupInterval time.Duration, maxConn int) (Store, error) {
 	redisAddr := GetAddrFromEnv()
 	if redisAddr != "" {
 		return getRedisStore(ctx, redisAddr, maxConn)
 	}
-	goc := gocache.New(maxTimeout, cleanupInterval)
-	return gocache_store.NewGoCache(goc), nil
+	return newMemoryStore(maxTimeout, cleanupInterval), nil
 }
 
 // GetAddrFromEnv returns the redis address from the environment variable RedisStoreEnvVar or its legacy counterpart.
@@ -50,29 +51,3 @@ func GetAddrFromEnv() string {
 	}
 	return addr
 }
-
-func getRedisStore(ctx context.Context, redisEnvAddr string, maxConn int) (store.StoreInterface, error) {
-	options, err := redis.ParseURL(redisEnvAddr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parsing redis cache url: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	options.MaxIdleConns = int(math.Ceil(float64(maxConn) * 0.5)) // 50% of max conns
-	options.MinIdleConns = int(math.Ceil(float64(maxConn) * 0.1)) // 10% of max conns
-	options.MaxActiveConns = maxConn
-	options.ConnMaxIdleTime = 30 * time.Minute
-	options.ConnMaxLifetime = 0
-	options.PoolTimeout = 10 * time.Second
-	redisClient := redis.NewClient(options)
-	subCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 2*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	_, err = redisClient.Ping(subCtx).Result()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	log.WithContext(subCtx).Infof("using redis cache at %s", redisEnvAddr)
-
-	return redis_store.NewRedis(redisClient), nil
-}
diff --git a/management/server/cache/store_test.go b/management/server/cache/store_test.go
index b869170f0..a59be8393 100644
--- a/management/server/cache/store_test.go
+++ b/management/server/cache/store_test.go
@@ -3,101 +3,53 @@ package cache_test
 import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
-	"github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
-	"github.com/redis/go-redis/v9"
-	testcontainersredis "github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go/modules/redis"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
 )
 
-func TestMemoryStore(t *testing.T) {
-	memStore, err := cache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't create memory store: %s", err)
-	}
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	key, value := "testing", "tested"
-	err = memStore.Set(ctx, key, value)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("couldn't set testing data: %s", err)
-	}
-	result, err := memStore.Get(ctx, key)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("couldn't get testing data: %s", err)
-	}
-	if value != result.(string) {
-		t.Errorf("value returned doesn't match testing data, got %s, expected %s", result, value)
-	}
-	// test expiration
-	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
-	_, err = memStore.Get(ctx, key)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Error("value should not be found")
-	}
-}
+func assertGetDelConsumedOnce(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, stores []cache.Store, key, value string) {
+	t.Helper()
 
-func TestRedisStoreConnectionFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(cache.RedisStoreEnvVar, "redis://127.0.0.1:6379")
-	_, err := cache.NewStore(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond, 30*time.Millisecond, 100)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("getting redis cache store should return error")
-	}
-}
+	const getDelAttempts = 64
 
-func TestRedisStoreConnectionSuccess(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	redisContainer, err := testcontainersredis.Run(ctx, "redis:7")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't start redis container: %s", err)
+	type getDelResult struct {
+		value string
+		found bool
+		err   error
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := redisContainer.Terminate(ctx); err != nil {
-			t.Logf("failed to terminate container: %s", err)
+
+	start := make(chan struct{})
+	results := make(chan getDelResult, getDelAttempts)
+	for i := range getDelAttempts {
+		cacheStore := stores[i%len(stores)]
+		go func() {
+			<-start
+			value, found, err := cacheStore.GetDel(ctx, key)
+			results <- getDelResult{value: value, found: found, err: err}
+		}()
+	}
+	close(start)
+
+	consumers := 0
+	for range getDelAttempts {
+		result := <-results
+		require.NoError(t, result.err, "concurrent GetDel failed")
+		if !result.found {
+			continue
 		}
-	}()
-	redisURL, err := redisContainer.ConnectionString(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't get connection string: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	t.Setenv(cache.RedisStoreEnvVar, redisURL)
-	redisStore, err := cache.NewStore(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("couldn't create redis store: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	key, value := "testing", "tested"
-	err = redisStore.Set(ctx, key, value, store.WithExpiration(100*time.Millisecond))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("couldn't set testing data: %s", err)
-	}
-	result, err := redisStore.Get(ctx, key)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("couldn't get testing data: %s", err)
-	}
-	if value != result.(string) {
-		t.Errorf("value returned doesn't match testing data, got %s, expected %s", result, value)
-	}
-
-	options, err := redis.ParseURL(redisURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("parsing redis cache url: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	redisClient := redis.NewClient(options)
-	r, e := redisClient.Get(ctx, key).Result()
-	if e != nil {
-		t.Errorf("couldn't get testing data from redis: %s", e)
-	}
-	if value != r {
-		t.Errorf("value returned from redis doesn't match testing data, got %s, expected %s", r, value)
-	}
-	// test expiration
-	time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
-	_, err = redisStore.Get(ctx, key)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Error("value should not be found")
+		consumers++
+		require.Equal(t, value, result.value, "consumed value doesn't match testing data")
 	}
+	require.Equal(t, 1, consumers, "expected exactly one consumer")
+}
+
+func assertGetDelMisses(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, cacheStore cache.Store, key string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	value, found, err := cacheStore.GetDel(ctx, key)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "GetDel on a missing key should not error")
+	require.False(t, found, "GetDel should not find key %q, got value %q", key, value)
+	require.Empty(t, value, "GetDel should return an empty value when not found")
 }
diff --git a/management/server/context/keys.go b/management/server/context/keys.go
index 9697997a8..aa534c5d9 100644
--- a/management/server/context/keys.go
+++ b/management/server/context/keys.go
@@ -1,10 +1,28 @@
 package context
 
-import "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/context"
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/context"
+)
 
 const (
-	RequestIDKey = context.RequestIDKey
-	AccountIDKey = context.AccountIDKey
-	UserIDKey    = context.UserIDKey
-	PeerIDKey    = context.PeerIDKey
+	RequestIDKey = nbcontext.RequestIDKey
+	AccountIDKey = nbcontext.AccountIDKey
+	RoleKey      = nbcontext.RoleKey
+	UserIDKey    = nbcontext.UserIDKey
+	PeerIDKey    = nbcontext.PeerIDKey
+	UserAgentKey = nbcontext.UserAgentKey
 )
+
+// RoleFromContext returns the role stored in ctx, or empty string and false if absent.
+func RoleFromContext(ctx context.Context) (string, bool) {
+	role, ok := ctx.Value(RoleKey).(string)
+	return role, ok
+}
+
+// WithRole returns a new context carrying the given role.
+func WithRole(ctx context.Context, role string) context.Context {
+	//nolint
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, RoleKey, role)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/dns.go b/management/server/dns.go
index dd3cecb71..c151ea8c0 100644
--- a/management/server/dns.go
+++ b/management/server/dns.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
@@ -29,8 +30,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID
 		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "the dns settings provided are nil")
 	}
 
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
 	var eventsToStore []func()
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 
 	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		var err error
@@ -46,11 +48,6 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID
 		addedGroups := util.Difference(dnsSettingsToSave.DisabledManagementGroups, oldSettings.DisabledManagementGroups)
 		removedGroups := util.Difference(oldSettings.DisabledManagementGroups, dnsSettingsToSave.DisabledManagementGroups)
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areDNSSettingChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, addedGroups, removedGroups)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
 		events := am.prepareDNSSettingsEvents(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, addedGroups, removedGroups)
 		eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, events...)
 
@@ -58,6 +55,11 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID
 			return err
 		}
 
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{DistributionGroupIDs: slices.Concat(addedGroups, removedGroups)}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		return transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -68,9 +70,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID
 		storeEvent()
 	}
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -116,20 +116,6 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) prepareDNSSettingsEvents(ctx context.Context, t
 	return eventsToStore
 }
 
-// areDNSSettingChangesAffectPeers checks if the DNS settings changes affect any peers.
-func areDNSSettingChangesAffectPeers(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, addedGroups, removedGroups []string) (bool, error) {
-	hasPeers, err := anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, accountID, addedGroups)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	if hasPeers {
-		return true, nil
-	}
-
-	return anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, accountID, removedGroups)
-}
-
 // validateDNSSettings validates the DNS settings.
 func validateDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, settings *types.DNSSettings) error {
 	if len(settings.DisabledManagementGroups) == 0 {
diff --git a/management/server/dns_test.go b/management/server/dns_test.go
index 3b303e6a9..fa3c2a517 100644
--- a/management/server/dns_test.go
+++ b/management/server/dns_test.go
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ func createDNSManager(t *testing.T) (*DefaultAccountManager, error) {
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.test", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peers.NewManager(store)), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.test", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peers.NewManager(store)), &config.Config{}, nil)
 
 	return BuildManager(context.Background(), nil, store, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager), nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 }
@@ -287,11 +287,11 @@ func initTestDNSAccount(t *testing.T, am *DefaultAccountManager) (*types.Account
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	savedPeer1, _, _, err := am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", dnsAdminUserID, peer1, false)
+	savedPeer1, _, _, _, err := am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", dnsAdminUserID, peer1, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	_, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", dnsAdminUserID, peer2, false)
+	_, _, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", dnsAdminUserID, peer2, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ func TestDNSAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ func TestDNSAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ func TestDNSAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
diff --git a/management/server/geolocation/database.go b/management/server/geolocation/database.go
index 97ab398fb..71106d5cd 100644
--- a/management/server/geolocation/database.go
+++ b/management/server/geolocation/database.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package geolocation
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/csv"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path"
@@ -21,6 +22,8 @@ const (
 	geoLiteCitySha256ZipURL = "https://pkgs.netbird.io/geolocation-dbs/GeoLite2-City-CSV/download?suffix=zip.sha256"
 	geoLiteCityMMDB         = "GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
 	geoLiteCityCSV          = "GeoLite2-City-Locations-en.csv"
+
+	geonamesCsvFields = 14
 )
 
 // loadGeolocationDatabases loads the MaxMind databases.
@@ -160,6 +163,10 @@ func loadGeonamesCsv(filepath string) ([]GeoNames, error) {
 		if index == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
+		if len(record) < geonamesCsvFields {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("geonames csv record %d has %d fields, want at least %d", index, len(record), geonamesCsvFields)
+		}
+
 		geoNameID, err := strconv.Atoi(record[0])
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
diff --git a/management/server/geolocation/geolocation.go b/management/server/geolocation/geolocation.go
index 0af3ce2f6..b8a064a33 100644
--- a/management/server/geolocation/geolocation.go
+++ b/management/server/geolocation/geolocation.go
@@ -242,7 +242,11 @@ func getDatabaseFilename(ctx context.Context, databaseURL string, filenamePatter
 	// strip suffixes that may be nested, such as .tar.gz
 	basename := strings.SplitN(filename, ".", 2)[0]
 	// get date version from basename
-	date := strings.SplitN(basename, "_", 2)[1]
+	parts := strings.SplitN(basename, "_", 2)
+	if len(parts) < 2 || parts[1] == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unexpected database filename %q: missing date suffix", filename)
+	}
+	date := parts[1]
 	// format db as "GeoLite2-Cities-{maxmind|geonames}_{DATE}.{mmdb|db}"
 	databaseFilename := filepath.Base(strings.Replace(filenamePattern, "*", date, 1))
 
diff --git a/management/server/geolocation/utils.go b/management/server/geolocation/utils.go
index 5104b0a08..0c4a66407 100644
--- a/management/server/geolocation/utils.go
+++ b/management/server/geolocation/utils.go
@@ -184,7 +184,12 @@ func getFilenameFromURL(url string) (string, error) {
 
 	defer resp.Body.Close()
 
-	_, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(resp.Header["Content-Disposition"][0])
+	contentDisposition := resp.Header.Get("Content-Disposition")
+	if contentDisposition == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("no Content-Disposition header in response from %s", url)
+	}
+
+	_, params, err := mime.ParseMediaType(contentDisposition)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/group.go b/management/server/group.go
index 06d21de20..d997b5e2d 100644
--- a/management/server/group.go
+++ b/management/server/group.go
@@ -6,11 +6,14 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"slices"
 
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
@@ -77,7 +80,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetGroupByName(ctx context.Context, groupName,
 // CreateGroup object of the peers
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newGroup *types.Group) error {
 	var eventsToStore []func()
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{newGroup.ID}}
 
 	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		var err error
@@ -90,10 +94,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 		events := am.prepareGroupEvents(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, newGroup)
 		eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, events...)
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{newGroup.ID})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		newGroup.PublicID = xid.New().String()
 
 		if err := transaction.CreateGroup(ctx, newGroup); err != nil {
 			return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to create group: %v", err)
@@ -105,6 +106,11 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 			}
 		}
 
+		snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		return transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -115,9 +121,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 		storeEvent()
 	}
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -125,7 +129,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 // UpdateGroup object of the peers
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newGroup *types.Group) error {
 	var eventsToStore []func()
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{newGroup.ID}}
 
 	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		if err := validateNewGroup(ctx, transaction, accountID, newGroup); err != nil {
@@ -144,27 +149,31 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 
 		peersToAdd := util.Difference(newGroup.Peers, oldGroup.Peers)
 		peersToRemove := util.Difference(oldGroup.Peers, newGroup.Peers)
-
-		for _, peerID := range peersToAdd {
-			if err := transaction.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peerID, newGroup.ID); err != nil {
-				return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to add peer %s to group %s: %v", peerID, newGroup.ID, err)
-			}
-		}
-		for _, peerID := range peersToRemove {
-			if err := transaction.RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx, peerID, newGroup.ID); err != nil {
-				return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to remove peer %s from group %s: %v", peerID, newGroup.ID, err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{newGroup.ID})
-		if err != nil {
+		if err = syncGroupMembership(ctx, transaction, accountID, newGroup.ID, peersToAdd, peersToRemove); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		newGroup.PublicID = oldGroup.PublicID
+
 		if err = transaction.UpdateGroup(ctx, newGroup); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		if err = am.reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{newGroup.ID}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// A membership change does not alter which entities reference the group, so
+		// the dependency walk runs once against the post-change snapshot. The new
+		// members are already in the snapshot's index; the removed members are
+		// carried separately and folded in only when the group is linked.
+		if len(peersToRemove) > 0 {
+			change.RemovedPeersByGroup = map[string][]string{newGroup.ID: peersToRemove}
+		}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		return transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -175,30 +184,48 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 		storeEvent()
 	}
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// syncGroupMembership applies the peer membership delta for a group within a transaction.
+func syncGroupMembership(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, groupID string, peersToAdd, peersToRemove []string) error {
+	for _, peerID := range peersToAdd {
+		if err := transaction.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peerID, groupID); err != nil {
+			return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to add peer %s to group %s: %v", peerID, groupID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, peerID := range peersToRemove {
+		if err := transaction.RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx, peerID, groupID); err != nil {
+			return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to remove peer %s from group %s: %v", peerID, groupID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // CreateGroups adds new groups to the account.
 // Note: This function does not acquire the global lock.
 // It is the caller's responsibility to ensure proper locking is in place before invoking this method.
 // This method will not create group peer membership relations. Use AddPeerToGroup or RemovePeerFromGroup methods for that.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, groups []*types.Group) error {
 	var eventsToStore []func()
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snaps []*affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var changes []affectedpeers.Change
 
+	var err error
 	var globalErr error
-	groupIDs := make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	createdCount := 0
 	for _, newGroup := range groups {
-		err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-			if err := validateNewGroup(ctx, transaction, accountID, newGroup); err != nil {
+		change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{newGroup.ID}}
+		var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+		err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+			if err = validateNewGroup(ctx, transaction, accountID, newGroup); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 
 			newGroup.AccountID = accountID
+			newGroup.PublicID = xid.New().String()
 
 			if err := transaction.CreateGroup(ctx, newGroup); err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -208,36 +235,31 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, us
 				return err
 			}
 
-			groupIDs = append(groupIDs, newGroup.ID)
-
 			events := am.prepareGroupEvents(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, newGroup)
 			eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, events...)
 
-			return nil
+			snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change)
+			return err
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to update group %s: %v", newGroup.ID, err)
-			if len(groupIDs) == 1 {
+			if createdCount == 0 {
 				return err
 			}
 			globalErr = errors.Join(globalErr, err)
 			// continue updating other groups
+			continue
 		}
-	}
-
-	var err error
-	updateAccountPeers, err = areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, am.Store, accountID, groupIDs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		createdCount++
+		snaps = append(snaps, snap)
+		changes = append(changes, change)
 	}
 
 	for _, storeEvent := range eventsToStore {
 		storeEvent()
 	}
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	go am.dispatchAffected(ctx, accountID, snaps, changes)
 
 	return globalErr
 }
@@ -248,62 +270,71 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, us
 // This method will not create group peer membership relations. Use AddPeerToGroup or RemovePeerFromGroup methods for that.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, groups []*types.Group) error {
 	var eventsToStore []func()
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snaps []*affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var changes []affectedpeers.Change
 
 	var globalErr error
-	groupIDs := make([]string, 0, len(groups))
 	for _, newGroup := range groups {
-		err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-			var err error
-			if err = validateNewGroup(ctx, transaction, accountID, newGroup); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			newGroup.AccountID = accountID
-
-			if err = transaction.UpdateGroup(ctx, newGroup); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			err = transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			events := am.prepareGroupEvents(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, newGroup)
-			eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, events...)
-
-			groupIDs = append(groupIDs, newGroup.ID)
-
-			return nil
-		})
+		change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{newGroup.ID}}
+		events, snap, err := am.updateSingleGroup(ctx, accountID, userID, newGroup, change)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to update group %s: %v", newGroup.ID, err)
 			if len(groups) == 1 {
 				return err
 			}
 			globalErr = errors.Join(globalErr, err)
-			// continue updating other groups
+			continue
 		}
-	}
-
-	var err error
-	updateAccountPeers, err = areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, am.Store, accountID, groupIDs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, events...)
+		snaps = append(snaps, snap)
+		changes = append(changes, change)
 	}
 
 	for _, storeEvent := range eventsToStore {
 		storeEvent()
 	}
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	go am.dispatchAffected(ctx, accountID, snaps, changes)
 
 	return globalErr
 }
 
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) updateSingleGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newGroup *types.Group, change affectedpeers.Change) ([]func(), *affectedpeers.Snapshot, error) {
+	var events []func()
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		if err := validateNewGroup(ctx, transaction, accountID, newGroup); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		newGroup.AccountID = accountID
+
+		oldGroup, err := transaction.GetGroupByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, newGroup.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		newGroup.PublicID = oldGroup.PublicID
+
+		if err := transaction.UpdateGroup(ctx, newGroup); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := am.reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{newGroup.ID}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		events = am.prepareGroupEvents(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, newGroup)
+
+		snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change)
+		return err
+	})
+	return events, snap, err
+}
+
 // prepareGroupEvents prepares a list of event functions to be stored.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) prepareGroupEvents(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID string, newGroup *types.Group) []func() {
 	var eventsToStore []func()
@@ -396,6 +427,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, us
 	var allErrors error
 	var groupIDsToDelete []string
 	var deletedGroups []*types.Group
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 
 	extraSettings, err := am.settingsManager.GetExtraSettings(ctx, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -403,30 +436,31 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, us
 	}
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		for _, groupID := range groupIDs {
-			group, err := transaction.GetGroupByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, groupID)
-			if err != nil {
-				allErrors = errors.Join(allErrors, err)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if err = validateDeleteGroup(ctx, transaction, group, userID, extraSettings.FlowGroups); err != nil {
-				allErrors = errors.Join(allErrors, err)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			groupIDsToDelete = append(groupIDsToDelete, groupID)
-			deletedGroups = append(deletedGroups, group)
+		deletedGroups, allErrors = collectDeletableGroups(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, groupIDs, extraSettings.FlowGroups)
+		for _, group := range deletedGroups {
+			groupIDsToDelete = append(groupIDsToDelete, group.ID)
 		}
 
 		if len(groupIDsToDelete) == 0 {
 			return allErrors
 		}
 
+		// Delete: compute affected peers from the PRE-delete state. The groups,
+		// their members and the entities referencing them still exist, so a plain
+		// Load+Expand captures everyone — no removed-peer folding needed.
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: groupIDsToDelete}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		if err = transaction.DeleteGroups(ctx, accountID, groupIDsToDelete); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		if err = am.reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupIDsToDelete); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		return transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -437,21 +471,52 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, us
 		am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, group.ID, accountID, activity.GroupDeleted, group.EventMeta())
 	}
 
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
+
 	return allErrors
 }
 
+// collectDeletableGroups loads and validates each group for deletion, returning
+// the groups that may be deleted and the joined validation errors for the rest.
+func collectDeletableGroups(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID string, groupIDs, flowGroups []string) ([]*types.Group, error) {
+	var deletable []*types.Group
+	var allErrors error
+	for _, groupID := range groupIDs {
+		group, err := transaction.GetGroupByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, groupID)
+		if err != nil {
+			allErrors = errors.Join(allErrors, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if err = validateDeleteGroup(ctx, transaction, group, userID, flowGroups); err != nil {
+			allErrors = errors.Join(allErrors, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		deletable = append(deletable, group)
+	}
+	return deletable, allErrors
+}
+
 // GroupAddPeer appends peer to the group
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupAddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, groupID, peerID string) error {
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
-	var err error
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	// A membership change affects only the peer itself and the opposite side of THIS
+	// group's policies — not the group's other members, and not the peer's other
+	// groups. LinkGroups walks only this group (matched, not expanded); OutputPeerIDs
+	// refreshes the peer without seeding its other group memberships. For an
+	// intra-group policy the opposite side is the group, so its members still refresh.
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{OutputPeerIDs: []string{peerID}, LinkGroups: []string{groupID}}
 
-	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{groupID})
-		if err != nil {
+	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		if err := transaction.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peerID, groupID); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		if err = transaction.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peerID, groupID); err != nil {
+		if err := am.reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{groupID}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		var err error
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -461,9 +526,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupAddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, gr
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -471,8 +534,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupAddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, gr
 // GroupAddResource appends resource to the group
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupAddResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, groupID string, resource types.Resource) error {
 	var group *types.Group
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
 	var err error
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{groupID}}
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		group, err = transaction.GetGroupByID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, groupID)
@@ -484,12 +548,11 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupAddResource(ctx context.Context, accountID
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{groupID})
-		if err != nil {
+		if err = transaction.UpdateGroup(ctx, group); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		if err = transaction.UpdateGroup(ctx, group); err != nil {
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -499,25 +562,31 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupAddResource(ctx context.Context, accountID
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // GroupDeletePeer removes peer from the group
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupDeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, groupID, peerID string) error {
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
-	var err error
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	// Same as GroupAddPeer: the removed peer and the opposite side of THIS group's
+	// policies refresh, not the group's other members or the peer's other groups. The
+	// peer is no longer in the group's index, but LinkGroups still drives the
+	// opposite-side walk, and OutputPeerIDs refreshes the removed peer itself.
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{OutputPeerIDs: []string{peerID}, LinkGroups: []string{groupID}}
 
-	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{groupID})
-		if err != nil {
+	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		if err := transaction.RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx, peerID, groupID); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		if err = transaction.RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx, peerID, groupID); err != nil {
+		if err := am.reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{groupID}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		var err error
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -527,9 +596,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupDeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -537,8 +604,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupDeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 // GroupDeleteResource removes resource from the group
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupDeleteResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, groupID string, resource types.Resource) error {
 	var group *types.Group
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
 	var err error
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedGroupIDs: []string{groupID}}
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		group, err = transaction.GetGroupByID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, groupID)
@@ -550,8 +618,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupDeleteResource(ctx context.Context, accoun
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, []string{groupID})
-		if err != nil {
+		// Load before persisting the removal, so the snapshot still maps the group
+		// to the resource and the bridge can reach its routing peers.
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -565,9 +634,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GroupDeleteResource(ctx context.Context, accoun
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -646,6 +713,14 @@ func validateDeleteGroup(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, group *ty
 		return &GroupLinkError{"network router", linkedRouter.ID}
 	}
 
+	if isLinked, linkedService := isGroupLinkedToReverseProxyService(ctx, transaction, group.AccountID, group.ID); isLinked {
+		return &GroupLinkError{"reverse proxy service", linkedService.Domain}
+	}
+
+	if isLinked, linkedPolicy := isGroupLinkedToAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, transaction, group.AccountID, group.ID); isLinked {
+		return &GroupLinkError{"agent network policy", linkedPolicy.Name}
+	}
+
 	return checkGroupLinkedToSettings(ctx, transaction, group)
 }
 
@@ -777,50 +852,144 @@ func isGroupLinkedToNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store,
 	return false, nil
 }
 
+// isGroupLinkedToReverseProxyService checks if a group is used as an access group
+// of a private reverse proxy service or as a bearer-auth distribution group.
+func isGroupLinkedToReverseProxyService(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupID string) (bool, *service.Service) {
+	services, err := transaction.GetAccountServices(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error retrieving reverse proxy services while checking group linkage: %v", err)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	for _, svc := range services {
+		if svc.Private && slices.Contains(svc.AccessGroups, groupID) {
+			return true, svc
+		}
+		if svc.Auth.BearerAuth != nil && svc.Auth.BearerAuth.Enabled && slices.Contains(svc.Auth.BearerAuth.DistributionGroups, groupID) {
+			return true, svc
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+// isGroupLinkedToAgentNetworkPolicy checks if a group is used as a source group by any
+// agent network policy in the account.
+func isGroupLinkedToAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupID string) (bool, *agentNetworkTypes.Policy) {
+	policies, err := transaction.GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error retrieving agent network policies while checking group linkage: %v", err)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		if policy == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if slices.Contains(policy.SourceGroups, groupID) {
+			return true, policy
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
 // areGroupChangesAffectPeers checks if any changes to the specified groups will affect peers.
+// It fetches each collection once and checks all groupIDs against them in memory.
 func areGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupIDs []string) (bool, error) {
 	if len(groupIDs) == 0 {
 		return false, nil
 	}
 
+	groupSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groupIDs))
+	for _, id := range groupIDs {
+		groupSet[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	if affected, err := dnsSettingsReferenceGroups(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupSet); affected || err != nil {
+		return affected, err
+	}
+	if affected, err := nameServersReferenceGroups(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupSet); affected || err != nil {
+		return affected, err
+	}
+	if affected, err := policiesReferenceGroups(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupSet); affected || err != nil {
+		return affected, err
+	}
+	if affected, err := routesReferenceGroups(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupSet); affected || err != nil {
+		return affected, err
+	}
+	if affected, err := networkRoutersReferenceGroups(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupSet); affected || err != nil {
+		return affected, err
+	}
+
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func dnsSettingsReferenceGroups(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupSet map[string]struct{}) (bool, error) {
 	dnsSettings, err := transaction.GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
-
-	for _, groupID := range groupIDs {
-		if slices.Contains(dnsSettings.DisabledManagementGroups, groupID) {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-		if linked, _ := isGroupLinkedToDns(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupID); linked {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-		if linked, _ := isGroupLinkedToPolicy(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupID); linked {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-		if linked, _ := isGroupLinkedToRoute(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupID); linked {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-		if linked, _ := isGroupLinkedToNetworkRouter(ctx, transaction, accountID, groupID); linked {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false, nil
+	return anyInSet(dnsSettings.DisabledManagementGroups, groupSet), nil
 }
 
-// anyGroupHasPeersOrResources checks if any of the given groups in the account have peers or resources.
-func anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupIDs []string) (bool, error) {
-	groups, err := transaction.GetGroupsByIDs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, groupIDs)
+func nameServersReferenceGroups(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupSet map[string]struct{}) (bool, error) {
+	nameServerGroups, err := transaction.GetAccountNameServerGroups(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
-
-	for _, group := range groups {
-		if group.HasPeers() || group.HasResources() {
+	for _, ns := range nameServerGroups {
+		if anyInSet(ns.Groups, groupSet) {
 			return true, nil
 		}
 	}
-
 	return false, nil
 }
+
+func policiesReferenceGroups(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupSet map[string]struct{}) (bool, error) {
+	policies, err := transaction.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if anyInSet(rule.Sources, groupSet) || anyInSet(rule.Destinations, groupSet) {
+				return true, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func routesReferenceGroups(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupSet map[string]struct{}) (bool, error) {
+	routes, err := transaction.GetAccountRoutes(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if anyInSet(r.Groups, groupSet) || anyInSet(r.PeerGroups, groupSet) || anyInSet(r.AccessControlGroups, groupSet) {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func networkRoutersReferenceGroups(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, groupSet map[string]struct{}) (bool, error) {
+	routers, err := transaction.GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	for _, router := range routers {
+		if anyInSet(router.PeerGroups, groupSet) {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func anyInSet(ids []string, set map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		if _, ok := set[id]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/management/server/group_ipv6_test.go b/management/server/group_ipv6_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2679aa7c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/group_ipv6_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// TestGroupIPv6Assignment verifies that peers gain or lose IPv6 addresses
+// when they are added to or removed from an IPv6-enabled group.
+func TestGroupIPv6Assignment(t *testing.T) {
+	am, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	userID := groupAdminUserID
+
+	account, err := createAccount(am, "ipv6-grp-test", userID, "ipv6test.example.com")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Allocate IPv6 subnet for the account
+	account.Network.NetV6 = types.AllocateIPv6Subnet()
+	require.NoError(t, am.Store.SaveAccount(ctx, account))
+
+	// Create setup key
+	setupKey, err := am.CreateSetupKey(ctx, account.Id, "ipv6-key", types.SetupKeyReusable, time.Hour, nil, 999, userID, false, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create an IPv6-enabled group
+	ipv6GroupID := "ipv6-enabled-grp"
+	err = am.CreateGroup(ctx, account.Id, userID, &types.Group{
+		ID:     ipv6GroupID,
+		Name:   "IPv6 Enabled",
+		Issued: types.GroupIssuedAPI,
+		Peers:  []string{},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Enable IPv6 on that group
+	settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{ipv6GroupID}
+	require.NoError(t, am.Store.SaveAccountSettings(ctx, account.Id, settings))
+
+	// Register a peer (will be in "All" group, not the IPv6 group)
+	key, err := wgtypes.GeneratePrivateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	peer, _, _, _, err := am.AddPeer(ctx, "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+		Key:  key.PublicKey().String(),
+		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "ipv6-test-host"},
+	}, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, peer.IPv6.IsValid(), "peer should not have IPv6 before joining an IPv6-enabled group")
+
+	t.Run("GroupAddPeer assigns IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := am.GroupAddPeer(ctx, account.Id, ipv6GroupID, peer.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		p, err := am.Store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, peer.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, p.IPv6.IsValid(), "peer should have an IPv6 address after joining the group")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("GroupDeletePeer clears IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := am.GroupDeletePeer(ctx, account.Id, ipv6GroupID, peer.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		p, err := am.Store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, peer.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, p.IPv6.IsValid(), "peer should not have IPv6 after removal from the group")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("UpdateGroup with peer addition assigns IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		grp, err := am.Store.GetGroupByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, ipv6GroupID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		grp.Peers = append(grp.Peers, peer.ID)
+		err = am.UpdateGroup(ctx, account.Id, userID, grp)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		p, err := am.Store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, peer.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, p.IPv6.IsValid(), "peer should have IPv6 after UpdateGroup adds it")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("UpdateGroup with peer removal clears IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		grp, err := am.Store.GetGroupByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, ipv6GroupID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		grp.Peers = []string{}
+		err = am.UpdateGroup(ctx, account.Id, userID, grp)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		p, err := am.Store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, peer.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, p.IPv6.IsValid(), "peer should lose IPv6 after UpdateGroup removes it")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-IPv6 group changes do not affect IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		err := am.CreateGroup(ctx, account.Id, userID, &types.Group{
+			ID:     "regular-grp",
+			Name:   "Regular Group",
+			Issued: types.GroupIssuedAPI,
+			Peers:  []string{},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = am.GroupAddPeer(ctx, account.Id, "regular-grp", peer.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		p, err := am.Store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id, peer.ID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, p.IPv6.IsValid(), "peer should not get IPv6 from a non-IPv6 group")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/group_test.go b/management/server/group_test.go
index d34d24794..844e4e045 100644
--- a/management/server/group_test.go
+++ b/management/server/group_test.go
@@ -5,20 +5,21 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources"
@@ -125,6 +126,21 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_DeleteGroup(t *testing.T) {
 			"grp-for-integration",
 			"only service users with admin power can delete integration group",
 		},
+		{
+			"agent network policy",
+			"grp-for-agent-network-policy",
+			"agent network policy",
+		},
+		{
+			"reverse proxy private service access group",
+			"grp-for-rp-private",
+			"reverse proxy service",
+		},
+		{
+			"reverse proxy bearer distribution group",
+			"grp-for-rp-bearer",
+			"reverse proxy service",
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, testCase := range testCases {
@@ -218,6 +234,17 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_DeleteGroups(t *testing.T) {
 			groupIDs:        []string{"grp-for-integration"},
 			expectedReasons: []string{"only service users with admin power can delete integration group"},
 		},
+		{
+			name:            "agent network policy",
+			groupIDs:        []string{"grp-for-agent-network-policy"},
+			expectedReasons: []string{"agent network policy"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:               "reverse proxy services",
+			groupIDs:           []string{"grp-for-rp-private", "grp-for-rp-bearer"},
+			expectedReasons:    []string{"reverse proxy service", "reverse proxy service"},
+			expectedNotDeleted: []string{"grp-for-rp-private", "grp-for-rp-bearer"},
+		},
 		{
 			name:            "successfully delete multiple groups",
 			groupIDs:        []string{"group-1", "group-2"},
@@ -285,6 +312,65 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_DeleteGroups(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestDefaultAccountManager_DeleteGroupUnlinkedFromReverseProxyService(t *testing.T) {
+	am, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to create account manager")
+
+	_, account, err := initTestGroupAccount(am)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to init testing account")
+
+	deletableGroups := []*types.Group{
+		{
+			ID:        "grp-rp-bearer-disabled",
+			AccountID: account.Id,
+			Name:      "Group only in a disabled bearer auth",
+			Issued:    types.GroupIssuedAPI,
+			Peers:     make([]string, 0),
+		},
+		{
+			ID:        "grp-rp-nonprivate-access",
+			AccountID: account.Id,
+			Name:      "Group only in a non-private service's access groups",
+			Issued:    types.GroupIssuedAPI,
+			Peers:     make([]string, 0),
+		},
+	}
+	for _, group := range deletableGroups {
+		require.NoError(t, am.CreateGroup(context.Background(), account.Id, groupAdminUserID, group))
+	}
+
+	// Disabled bearer auth and stale access groups on a non-private service
+	// are inert configuration and must not block group deletion.
+	services := []*rpservice.Service{
+		{
+			ID:        "rp-svc-bearer-disabled",
+			AccountID: account.Id,
+			Domain:    "bearer-disabled.services.example.com",
+			Auth: rpservice.AuthConfig{
+				BearerAuth: &rpservice.BearerAuthConfig{
+					Enabled:            false,
+					DistributionGroups: []string{"grp-rp-bearer-disabled"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:           "rp-svc-nonprivate-access",
+			AccountID:    account.Id,
+			Domain:       "nonprivate.services.example.com",
+			Private:      false,
+			AccessGroups: []string{"grp-rp-nonprivate-access"},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, svc := range services {
+		require.NoError(t, am.Store.CreateService(context.Background(), svc))
+	}
+
+	for _, group := range deletableGroups {
+		err = am.DeleteGroup(context.Background(), account.Id, groupAdminUserID, group.ID)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "group %s is not referenced by an active reverse proxy gate and should be deletable", group.ID)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDefaultAccountManager_DeleteGroupLinkedToFlowGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	am, _, err := createManager(t)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -406,6 +492,30 @@ func initTestGroupAccount(am *DefaultAccountManager) (*DefaultAccountManager, *t
 		Peers:     make([]string, 0),
 	}
 
+	groupForAgentNetworkPolicy := &types.Group{
+		ID:        "grp-for-agent-network-policy",
+		AccountID: "account-id",
+		Name:      "Group for agent network policies",
+		Issued:    types.GroupIssuedAPI,
+		Peers:     make([]string, 0),
+	}
+
+	groupForRPPrivate := &types.Group{
+		ID:        "grp-for-rp-private",
+		AccountID: "account-id",
+		Name:      "Group for private reverse proxy service",
+		Issued:    types.GroupIssuedAPI,
+		Peers:     make([]string, 0),
+	}
+
+	groupForRPBearer := &types.Group{
+		ID:        "grp-for-rp-bearer",
+		AccountID: "account-id",
+		Name:      "Group for bearer reverse proxy service",
+		Issued:    types.GroupIssuedAPI,
+		Peers:     make([]string, 0),
+	}
+
 	routeResource := &route.Route{
 		ID:     "example route",
 		Groups: []string{groupForRoute.ID},
@@ -461,6 +571,66 @@ func initTestGroupAccount(am *DefaultAccountManager) (*DefaultAccountManager, *t
 	_ = am.CreateGroup(context.Background(), accountID, groupAdminUserID, groupForSetupKeys)
 	_ = am.CreateGroup(context.Background(), accountID, groupAdminUserID, groupForUsers)
 	_ = am.CreateGroup(context.Background(), accountID, groupAdminUserID, groupForIntegration)
+	_ = am.CreateGroup(context.Background(), accountID, groupAdminUserID, groupForAgentNetworkPolicy)
+	_ = am.CreateGroup(context.Background(), accountID, groupAdminUserID, groupForRPPrivate)
+	_ = am.CreateGroup(context.Background(), accountID, groupAdminUserID, groupForRPBearer)
+
+	agentNetworkPolicy := &agentNetworkTypes.Policy{
+		ID:           "example agent network policy",
+		AccountID:    accountID,
+		Name:         "Example agent network policy",
+		Enabled:      true,
+		SourceGroups: []string{groupForAgentNetworkPolicy.ID},
+	}
+	if err := am.Store.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(context.Background(), agentNetworkPolicy); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	// The decoy services are created first so the linkage check has to scan
+	// past services that do not reference the groups under test.
+	rpServices := []*rpservice.Service{
+		{
+			ID:           "rp-svc-private-decoy",
+			AccountID:    accountID,
+			Domain:       "private-decoy.services.example.com",
+			Private:      true,
+			AccessGroups: []string{"unrelated-group"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:        "rp-svc-bearer-decoy",
+			AccountID: accountID,
+			Domain:    "bearer-decoy.services.example.com",
+			Auth: rpservice.AuthConfig{
+				BearerAuth: &rpservice.BearerAuthConfig{
+					Enabled:            true,
+					DistributionGroups: []string{"unrelated-group"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:           "rp-svc-private",
+			AccountID:    accountID,
+			Domain:       "private.services.example.com",
+			Private:      true,
+			AccessGroups: []string{groupForRPPrivate.ID},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:        "rp-svc-bearer",
+			AccountID: accountID,
+			Domain:    "bearer.services.example.com",
+			Auth: rpservice.AuthConfig{
+				BearerAuth: &rpservice.BearerAuthConfig{
+					Enabled:            true,
+					DistributionGroups: []string{groupForRPBearer.ID},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, svc := range rpServices {
+		if err := am.Store.CreateService(context.Background(), svc); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+	}
 
 	acc, err := am.Store.GetAccount(context.Background(), account.Id)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -619,7 +789,7 @@ func TestGroupAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -637,7 +807,7 @@ func TestGroupAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -655,7 +825,7 @@ func TestGroupAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -688,7 +858,7 @@ func TestGroupAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -729,7 +899,7 @@ func TestGroupAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -756,7 +926,7 @@ func TestGroupAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -802,7 +972,7 @@ func TestGroupAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -997,10 +1167,10 @@ func Test_AddPeerAndAddToAll(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, totalPeers, len(account.Peers), "Expected %d peers in account %s, got %d", totalPeers, accountID, len(account.Peers))
 }
 
-func uint32ToIP(n uint32) net.IP {
-	ip := make(net.IP, 4)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(ip, n)
-	return ip
+func uint32ToIP(n uint32) netip.Addr {
+	var b [4]byte
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[:], n)
+	return netip.AddrFrom4(b)
 }
 
 func Test_IncrementNetworkSerial(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/management/server/groups/manager.go b/management/server/groups/manager.go
index 40fe03550..46f2794fe 100644
--- a/management/server/groups/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/groups/manager.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) AddResourceToGroupInTransaction(ctx context.Context, trans
 	}
 
 	event := func() {
-		m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, groupID, accountID, activity.ResourceAddedToGroup, group.EventMetaResource(networkResource))
+		m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, groupID, accountID, activity.ResourceAddedToGroup, group.EventMetaResource(types.TwinNetworkResource(networkResource)))
 	}
 
 	return event, nil
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) RemoveResourceFromGroupInTransaction(ctx context.Context,
 	}
 
 	event := func() {
-		m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, groupID, accountID, activity.ResourceRemovedFromGroup, group.EventMetaResource(networkResource))
+		m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, groupID, accountID, activity.ResourceRemovedFromGroup, group.EventMetaResource(types.TwinNetworkResource(networkResource)))
 	}
 
 	return event, nil
diff --git a/management/server/http/handler.go b/management/server/http/handler.go
index a2398ea58..e1424a464 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handler.go
@@ -16,15 +16,16 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxytoken"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	reverseproxymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service/manager"
 
 	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
 	idpmanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
-
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	agentnetworkhandlers "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/handlers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
 	zonesManager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/manager"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
@@ -33,9 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/handlers/proxy"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/port_forwarding"
 
-	nbpeers "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/geolocation"
 	nbgroups "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
@@ -54,19 +53,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/middleware"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/middleware/bypass"
 	nbinstance "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/instance"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator"
 	nbnetworks "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 )
 
-const (
-	apiPrefix = "/api"
-)
-
 // NewAPIHandler creates the Management service HTTP API handler registering all the available endpoints.
-func NewAPIHandler(ctx context.Context, accountManager account.Manager, networksManager nbnetworks.Manager, resourceManager resources.Manager, routerManager routers.Manager, groupsManager nbgroups.Manager, LocationManager geolocation.Geolocation, authManager auth.Manager, appMetrics telemetry.AppMetrics, integratedValidator integrated_validator.IntegratedValidator, proxyController port_forwarding.Controller, permissionsManager permissions.Manager, peersManager nbpeers.Manager, settingsManager settings.Manager, zManager zones.Manager, rManager records.Manager, networkMapController network_map.Controller, idpManager idpmanager.Manager, serviceManager service.Manager, reverseProxyDomainManager *manager.Manager, reverseProxyAccessLogsManager accesslogs.Manager, proxyGRPCServer *nbgrpc.ProxyServiceServer, trustedHTTPProxies []netip.Prefix, rateLimiter *middleware.APIRateLimiter) (http.Handler, error) {
+func NewAPIHandler(ctx context.Context, router *mux.Router, accountManager account.Manager, networksManager nbnetworks.Manager, resourceManager resources.Manager, routerManager routers.Manager, groupsManager nbgroups.Manager, LocationManager geolocation.Geolocation, authManager auth.Manager, appMetrics telemetry.AppMetrics, permissionsManager permissions.Manager, settingsManager settings.Manager, zManager zones.Manager, rManager records.Manager, networkMapController network_map.Controller, idpManager idpmanager.Manager, serviceManager service.Manager, reverseProxyDomainManager *manager.Manager, reverseProxyAccessLogsManager accesslogs.Manager, proxyGRPCServer *nbgrpc.ProxyServiceServer, trustedHTTPProxies []netip.Prefix, rateLimiter *middleware.APIRateLimiter, isValidChildAccount middleware.IsValidChildAccountFunc, agentNetworkManager agentnetwork.Manager) (http.Handler, error) {
 
 	// Register bypass paths for unauthenticated endpoints
 	if err := bypass.AddBypassPath("/api/instance"); err != nil {
@@ -100,25 +94,16 @@ func NewAPIHandler(ctx context.Context, accountManager account.Manager, networks
 		accountManager.GetUserFromUserAuth,
 		rateLimiter,
 		appMetrics.GetMeter(),
+		isValidChildAccount,
 	)
 
 	corsMiddleware := cors.AllowAll()
 
-	rootRouter := mux.NewRouter()
 	metricsMiddleware := appMetrics.HTTPMiddleware()
 
-	prefix := apiPrefix
-	router := rootRouter.PathPrefix(prefix).Subrouter()
-
 	router.Use(metricsMiddleware.Handler, corsMiddleware.Handler, authMiddleware.Handler)
 
-	if _, err := integrations.RegisterHandlers(ctx, prefix, router, accountManager, integratedValidator, appMetrics.GetMeter(), permissionsManager, peersManager, proxyController, settingsManager); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("register integrations endpoints: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Check if embedded IdP is enabled for instance manager
-	embeddedIdP, embeddedIdpEnabled := idpManager.(*idpmanager.EmbeddedIdPManager)
-	instanceManager, err := nbinstance.NewManager(ctx, accountManager.GetStore(), embeddedIdP)
+	instanceManager, err := nbinstance.NewManager(ctx, accountManager.GetStore(), idpManager)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create instance manager: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -140,21 +125,22 @@ func NewAPIHandler(ctx context.Context, accountManager account.Manager, networks
 	zonesManager.RegisterEndpoints(router, zManager, permissionsManager)
 	recordsManager.RegisterEndpoints(router, rManager, permissionsManager)
 	idp.AddEndpoints(accountManager, router, permissionsManager)
-	instance.AddEndpoints(instanceManager, router)
+	if agentNetworkManager != nil {
+		agentnetworkhandlers.RegisterEndpoints(agentNetworkManager, router)
+	}
+	instance.AddEndpoints(instanceManager, accountManager, router)
 	instance.AddVersionEndpoint(instanceManager, router, permissionsManager)
 	if serviceManager != nil && reverseProxyDomainManager != nil {
 		reverseproxymanager.RegisterEndpoints(serviceManager, *reverseProxyDomainManager, reverseProxyAccessLogsManager, permissionsManager, router)
 	}
+
+	proxytoken.RegisterEndpoints(accountManager.GetStore(), permissionsManager, router)
+
 	// Register OAuth callback handler for proxy authentication
 	if proxyGRPCServer != nil {
 		oauthHandler := proxy.NewAuthCallbackHandler(proxyGRPCServer, trustedHTTPProxies)
 		oauthHandler.RegisterEndpoints(router)
 	}
 
-	// Mount embedded IdP handler at /oauth2 path if configured
-	if embeddedIdpEnabled {
-		rootRouter.PathPrefix("/oauth2").Handler(corsMiddleware.Handler(embeddedIdP.Handler()))
-	}
-
-	return rootRouter, nil
+	return router, nil
 }
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/accounts/accounts_handler.go b/management/server/http/handlers/accounts/accounts_handler.go
index d4d68795b..948ea165b 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/accounts/accounts_handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/accounts/accounts_handler.go
@@ -4,10 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
 	"time"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 
 	goversion "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
@@ -32,7 +35,9 @@ const (
 	// MinNetworkBits is the minimum prefix length for IPv4 network ranges (e.g., /29 gives 8 addresses, /28 gives 16)
 	MinNetworkBitsIPv4 = 28
 	// MinNetworkBitsIPv6 is the minimum prefix length for IPv6 network ranges
-	MinNetworkBitsIPv6      = 120
+	MinNetworkBitsIPv6 = 120
+	// MaxNetworkSizeIPv6 is the largest allowed IPv6 prefix (smallest number)
+	MaxNetworkSizeIPv6      = 48
 	disableAutoUpdate       = "disabled"
 	autoUpdateLatestVersion = "latest"
 )
@@ -79,12 +84,35 @@ func validateMinimumSize(prefix netip.Prefix) error {
 	if addr.Is4() && prefix.Bits() > MinNetworkBitsIPv4 {
 		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "network range too small: minimum size is /%d for IPv4", MinNetworkBitsIPv4)
 	}
-	if addr.Is6() && prefix.Bits() > MinNetworkBitsIPv6 {
-		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "network range too small: minimum size is /%d for IPv6", MinNetworkBitsIPv6)
+	if addr.Is6() {
+		if prefix.Bits() > MinNetworkBitsIPv6 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "network range too small: minimum size is /%d for IPv6", MinNetworkBitsIPv6)
+		}
+		if prefix.Bits() < MaxNetworkSizeIPv6 {
+			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "network range too large: maximum size is /%d for IPv6", MaxNetworkSizeIPv6)
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (h *handler) parseAndValidateNetworkRange(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, rangeStr string, requireV6 bool) (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(rangeStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "invalid CIDR format: %v", err)
+	}
+	prefix = prefix.Masked()
+	if requireV6 && !prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "network range must be an IPv6 address")
+	}
+	if !requireV6 && prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "network range must be an IPv4 address")
+	}
+	if err := h.validateNetworkRange(ctx, accountID, userID, prefix); err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	return prefix, nil
+}
+
 func (h *handler) validateNetworkRange(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, networkRange netip.Prefix) error {
 	if !networkRange.IsValid() {
 		return nil
@@ -120,9 +148,12 @@ func (h *handler) validateCapacity(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string
 }
 
 func calculateMaxHosts(prefix netip.Prefix) int64 {
-	availableAddresses := prefix.Addr().BitLen() - prefix.Bits()
-	maxHosts := int64(1) << availableAddresses
+	hostBits := prefix.Addr().BitLen() - prefix.Bits()
+	if hostBits >= 63 {
+		return math.MaxInt64
+	}
 
+	maxHosts := int64(1) << hostBits
 	if prefix.Addr().Is4() {
 		maxHosts -= 2 // network and broadcast addresses
 	}
@@ -159,6 +190,24 @@ func (h *handler) getAllAccounts(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAut
 	}
 
 	resp := toAccountResponse(userAuth.AccountId, settings, meta, onboarding)
+
+	// Populate effective network ranges when settings don't have explicit overrides.
+	if resp.Settings.NetworkRange == nil || resp.Settings.NetworkRangeV6 == nil {
+		v4, v6, err := h.settingsManager.GetEffectiveNetworkRanges(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(r.Context()).Warnf("get effective network ranges: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			if resp.Settings.NetworkRange == nil && v4.IsValid() {
+				s := v4.String()
+				resp.Settings.NetworkRange = &s
+			}
+			if resp.Settings.NetworkRangeV6 == nil && v6.IsValid() {
+				s := v6.String()
+				resp.Settings.NetworkRangeV6 = &s
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, []*api.Account{resp})
 }
 
@@ -223,6 +272,30 @@ func (h *handler) updateAccountRequestSettings(req api.PutApiAccountsAccountIdJS
 	if req.Settings.AutoUpdateAlways != nil {
 		returnSettings.AutoUpdateAlways = *req.Settings.AutoUpdateAlways
 	}
+	if req.Settings.LocalMfaEnabled != nil {
+		returnSettings.LocalMfaEnabled = *req.Settings.LocalMfaEnabled
+	}
+	if req.Settings.Ipv6EnabledGroups != nil {
+		returnSettings.IPv6EnabledGroups = *req.Settings.Ipv6EnabledGroups
+	}
+	if req.Settings.MetricsPushEnabled != nil {
+		returnSettings.MetricsPushEnabled = *req.Settings.MetricsPushEnabled
+	}
+	if req.Settings.AgentNetworkOnly != nil {
+		returnSettings.AgentNetworkOnly = *req.Settings.AgentNetworkOnly
+	}
+	if req.Settings.DashboardFeatures != nil {
+		returnSettings.DashboardFeatures = &types.DashboardFeatures{
+			AgentNetwork: req.Settings.DashboardFeatures.AgentNetwork,
+		}
+	}
+
+	if returnSettings.AgentNetworkOnly &&
+		(returnSettings.DashboardFeatures == nil ||
+			returnSettings.DashboardFeatures.AgentNetwork == nil ||
+			!*returnSettings.DashboardFeatures.AgentNetwork) {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "agent network only mode requires dashboard_features.agent_network to be enabled")
+	}
 
 	return returnSettings, nil
 }
@@ -248,18 +321,23 @@ func (h *handler) updateAccount(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth
 		return
 	}
 	if req.Settings.NetworkRange != nil && *req.Settings.NetworkRange != "" {
-		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(*req.Settings.NetworkRange)
+		prefix, err := h.parseAndValidateNetworkRange(r.Context(), accountID, userAuth.UserId, *req.Settings.NetworkRange, false)
 		if err != nil {
-			util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "invalid CIDR format: %v", err), w)
-			return
-		}
-		if err := h.validateNetworkRange(r.Context(), accountID, userAuth.UserId, prefix); err != nil {
 			util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
 			return
 		}
 		settings.NetworkRange = prefix
 	}
 
+	if req.Settings.NetworkRangeV6 != nil && *req.Settings.NetworkRangeV6 != "" {
+		prefix, err := h.parseAndValidateNetworkRange(r.Context(), accountID, userAuth.UserId, *req.Settings.NetworkRangeV6, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+			return
+		}
+		settings.NetworkRangeV6 = prefix
+	}
+
 	var onboarding *types.AccountOnboarding
 	if req.Onboarding != nil {
 		onboarding = &types.AccountOnboarding{
@@ -331,14 +409,27 @@ func toAccountResponse(accountID string, settings *types.Settings, meta *types.A
 		DnsDomain:                       &settings.DNSDomain,
 		AutoUpdateVersion:               &settings.AutoUpdateVersion,
 		AutoUpdateAlways:                &settings.AutoUpdateAlways,
+		Ipv6EnabledGroups:               &settings.IPv6EnabledGroups,
+		MetricsPushEnabled:              &settings.MetricsPushEnabled,
+		AgentNetworkOnly:                &settings.AgentNetworkOnly,
 		EmbeddedIdpEnabled:              &settings.EmbeddedIdpEnabled,
 		LocalAuthDisabled:               &settings.LocalAuthDisabled,
+		LocalMfaEnabled:                 &settings.LocalMfaEnabled,
 	}
 
 	if settings.NetworkRange.IsValid() {
 		networkRangeStr := settings.NetworkRange.String()
 		apiSettings.NetworkRange = &networkRangeStr
 	}
+	if settings.NetworkRangeV6.IsValid() {
+		networkRangeV6Str := settings.NetworkRangeV6.String()
+		apiSettings.NetworkRangeV6 = &networkRangeV6Str
+	}
+	if settings.DashboardFeatures != nil {
+		apiSettings.DashboardFeatures = &api.AccountDashboardFeatures{
+			AgentNetwork: settings.DashboardFeatures.AgentNetwork,
+		}
+	}
 
 	apiOnboarding := api.AccountOnboarding{
 		OnboardingFlowPending: onboarding.OnboardingFlowPending,
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/accounts/accounts_handler_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/accounts/accounts_handler_test.go
index 70d3d2101..cc565f6fb 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/accounts/accounts_handler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/accounts/accounts_handler_test.go
@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
+	"math"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
@@ -32,6 +34,10 @@ func initAccountsTestData(t *testing.T, account *types.Account) *handler {
 		GetSettings(gomock.Any(), account.Id, "test_user").
 		Return(account.Settings, nil).
 		AnyTimes()
+	settingsMockManager.EXPECT().
+		GetEffectiveNetworkRanges(gomock.Any(), account.Id).
+		Return(netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, nil).
+		AnyTimes()
 
 	return &handler{
 		accountManager: &mock_server.MockAccountManager{
@@ -124,8 +130,11 @@ func TestAccounts_AccountsHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				DnsDomain:                       sr(""),
 				AutoUpdateAlways:                br(false),
 				AutoUpdateVersion:               sr(""),
+				MetricsPushEnabled:              br(false),
+				AgentNetworkOnly:                br(false),
 				EmbeddedIdpEnabled:              br(false),
 				LocalAuthDisabled:               br(false),
+				LocalMfaEnabled:                 br(false),
 			},
 			expectedArray: true,
 			expectedID:    accountID,
@@ -150,8 +159,11 @@ func TestAccounts_AccountsHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				DnsDomain:                       sr(""),
 				AutoUpdateAlways:                br(false),
 				AutoUpdateVersion:               sr(""),
+				MetricsPushEnabled:              br(false),
+				AgentNetworkOnly:                br(false),
 				EmbeddedIdpEnabled:              br(false),
 				LocalAuthDisabled:               br(false),
+				LocalMfaEnabled:                 br(false),
 			},
 			expectedArray: false,
 			expectedID:    accountID,
@@ -176,8 +188,11 @@ func TestAccounts_AccountsHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				DnsDomain:                       sr(""),
 				AutoUpdateAlways:                br(false),
 				AutoUpdateVersion:               sr("latest"),
+				MetricsPushEnabled:              br(false),
+				AgentNetworkOnly:                br(false),
 				EmbeddedIdpEnabled:              br(false),
 				LocalAuthDisabled:               br(false),
+				LocalMfaEnabled:                 br(false),
 			},
 			expectedArray: false,
 			expectedID:    accountID,
@@ -202,8 +217,11 @@ func TestAccounts_AccountsHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				DnsDomain:                       sr(""),
 				AutoUpdateAlways:                br(false),
 				AutoUpdateVersion:               sr(""),
+				MetricsPushEnabled:              br(false),
+				AgentNetworkOnly:                br(false),
 				EmbeddedIdpEnabled:              br(false),
 				LocalAuthDisabled:               br(false),
+				LocalMfaEnabled:                 br(false),
 			},
 			expectedArray: false,
 			expectedID:    accountID,
@@ -228,8 +246,11 @@ func TestAccounts_AccountsHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				DnsDomain:                       sr(""),
 				AutoUpdateAlways:                br(false),
 				AutoUpdateVersion:               sr(""),
+				MetricsPushEnabled:              br(false),
+				AgentNetworkOnly:                br(false),
 				EmbeddedIdpEnabled:              br(false),
 				LocalAuthDisabled:               br(false),
+				LocalMfaEnabled:                 br(false),
 			},
 			expectedArray: false,
 			expectedID:    accountID,
@@ -254,8 +275,113 @@ func TestAccounts_AccountsHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				DnsDomain:                       sr(""),
 				AutoUpdateAlways:                br(false),
 				AutoUpdateVersion:               sr(""),
+				MetricsPushEnabled:              br(false),
+				AgentNetworkOnly:                br(false),
 				EmbeddedIdpEnabled:              br(false),
 				LocalAuthDisabled:               br(false),
+				LocalMfaEnabled:                 br(false),
+			},
+			expectedArray: false,
+			expectedID:    accountID,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "PutAccount OK enabling agent_network_only",
+			expectedBody:   true,
+			requestType:    http.MethodPut,
+			requestPath:    "/api/accounts/" + accountID,
+			requestBody:    bytes.NewBufferString("{\"settings\": {\"peer_login_expiration\": 15552000,\"peer_login_expiration_enabled\": true,\"agent_network_only\": true,\"dashboard_features\": {\"agent_network\": true}},\"onboarding\": {\"onboarding_flow_pending\": true,\"signup_form_pending\": true}}"),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			expectedSettings: api.AccountSettings{
+				PeerLoginExpiration:             15552000,
+				PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      true,
+				GroupsPropagationEnabled:        br(false),
+				JwtGroupsClaimName:              sr(""),
+				JwtGroupsEnabled:                br(false),
+				JwtAllowGroups:                  &[]string{},
+				RegularUsersViewBlocked:         false,
+				RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled: br(false),
+				LazyConnectionEnabled:           br(false),
+				DnsDomain:                       sr(""),
+				AutoUpdateAlways:                br(false),
+				AutoUpdateVersion:               sr(""),
+				MetricsPushEnabled:              br(false),
+				AgentNetworkOnly:                br(true),
+				DashboardFeatures: &api.AccountDashboardFeatures{
+					AgentNetwork: br(true),
+				},
+				EmbeddedIdpEnabled: br(false),
+				LocalAuthDisabled:  br(false),
+				LocalMfaEnabled:    br(false),
+			},
+			expectedArray: false,
+			expectedID:    accountID,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "PutAccount fails enabling agent_network_only without dashboard_features",
+			expectedBody:   true,
+			requestType:    http.MethodPut,
+			requestPath:    "/api/accounts/" + accountID,
+			requestBody:    bytes.NewBufferString("{\"settings\": {\"peer_login_expiration\": 15552000,\"peer_login_expiration_enabled\": true,\"agent_network_only\": true},\"onboarding\": {\"onboarding_flow_pending\": true,\"signup_form_pending\": true}}"),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusUnprocessableEntity,
+			expectedArray:  false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "PutAccount OK setting dashboard_features agent_network",
+			expectedBody:   true,
+			requestType:    http.MethodPut,
+			requestPath:    "/api/accounts/" + accountID,
+			requestBody:    bytes.NewBufferString("{\"settings\": {\"peer_login_expiration\": 15552000,\"peer_login_expiration_enabled\": true,\"dashboard_features\": {\"agent_network\": true}},\"onboarding\": {\"onboarding_flow_pending\": true,\"signup_form_pending\": true}}"),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			expectedSettings: api.AccountSettings{
+				PeerLoginExpiration:             15552000,
+				PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      true,
+				GroupsPropagationEnabled:        br(false),
+				JwtGroupsClaimName:              sr(""),
+				JwtGroupsEnabled:                br(false),
+				JwtAllowGroups:                  &[]string{},
+				RegularUsersViewBlocked:         false,
+				RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled: br(false),
+				LazyConnectionEnabled:           br(false),
+				DnsDomain:                       sr(""),
+				AutoUpdateAlways:                br(false),
+				AutoUpdateVersion:               sr(""),
+				MetricsPushEnabled:              br(false),
+				AgentNetworkOnly:                br(false),
+				DashboardFeatures: &api.AccountDashboardFeatures{
+					AgentNetwork: br(true),
+				},
+				EmbeddedIdpEnabled: br(false),
+				LocalAuthDisabled:  br(false),
+				LocalMfaEnabled:    br(false),
+			},
+			expectedArray: false,
+			expectedID:    accountID,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "PutAccount OK disabling agent_network_only again",
+			expectedBody:   true,
+			requestType:    http.MethodPut,
+			requestPath:    "/api/accounts/" + accountID,
+			requestBody:    bytes.NewBufferString("{\"settings\": {\"peer_login_expiration\": 15552000,\"peer_login_expiration_enabled\": true,\"agent_network_only\": false},\"onboarding\": {\"onboarding_flow_pending\": true,\"signup_form_pending\": true}}"),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			expectedSettings: api.AccountSettings{
+				PeerLoginExpiration:             15552000,
+				PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      true,
+				GroupsPropagationEnabled:        br(false),
+				JwtGroupsClaimName:              sr(""),
+				JwtGroupsEnabled:                br(false),
+				JwtAllowGroups:                  &[]string{},
+				RegularUsersViewBlocked:         false,
+				RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled: br(false),
+				LazyConnectionEnabled:           br(false),
+				DnsDomain:                       sr(""),
+				AutoUpdateAlways:                br(false),
+				AutoUpdateVersion:               sr(""),
+				MetricsPushEnabled:              br(false),
+				AgentNetworkOnly:                br(false),
+				EmbeddedIdpEnabled:              br(false),
+				LocalAuthDisabled:               br(false),
+				LocalMfaEnabled:                 br(false),
 			},
 			expectedArray: false,
 			expectedID:    accountID,
@@ -337,3 +463,27 @@ func TestAccounts_AccountsHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCalculateMaxHosts(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		prefix string
+		min    int64
+	}{
+		{"v4 /24", "100.64.0.0/24", 254},
+		{"v4 /16", "100.64.0.0/16", 65534},
+		{"v4 /28", "100.64.0.0/28", 14},
+		{"v6 /64", "fd00::/64", math.MaxInt64},
+		{"v6 /120", "fd00::/120", 256},
+		{"v6 /112", "fd00::/112", 65536},
+		{"v6 /48", "fd00::/48", math.MaxInt64},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix(tt.prefix)
+			got := calculateMaxHosts(prefix)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.min, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/dns/nameservers_handler.go b/management/server/http/handlers/dns/nameservers_handler.go
index ff2a6ef55..acfd749ea 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/dns/nameservers_handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/dns/nameservers_handler.go
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ package dns
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 
@@ -162,7 +165,11 @@ func (h *nameserversHandler) getNameserverGroup(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.R
 func toServerNSList(apiNSList []api.Nameserver) ([]nbdns.NameServer, error) {
 	var nsList []nbdns.NameServer
 	for _, apiNS := range apiNSList {
-		parsed, err := nbdns.ParseNameServerURL(fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s:%d", apiNS.NsType, apiNS.Ip, apiNS.Port))
+		host, err := unwrapBracketedHost(apiNS.Ip)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		parsed, err := nbdns.ParseNameServerURL(fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s", apiNS.NsType, net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(apiNS.Port))))
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -172,6 +179,18 @@ func toServerNSList(apiNSList []api.Nameserver) ([]nbdns.NameServer, error) {
 	return nsList, nil
 }
 
+// unwrapBracketedHost returns ip with surrounding brackets stripped, rejecting
+// inputs with mismatched brackets.
+func unwrapBracketedHost(ip string) (string, error) {
+	if !strings.ContainsAny(ip, "[]") {
+		return ip, nil
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(ip, "[") || !strings.HasSuffix(ip, "]") {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("malformed bracketed address: %s", ip)
+	}
+	return ip[1 : len(ip)-1], nil
+}
+
 func toNameserverGroupResponse(serverNSGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup) *api.NameserverGroup {
 	var nsList []api.Nameserver
 	for _, ns := range serverNSGroup.NameServers {
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/dns/nameservers_handler_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/dns/nameservers_handler_test.go
index d1844b65c..645f9e4b1 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/dns/nameservers_handler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/dns/nameservers_handler_test.go
@@ -234,3 +234,37 @@ func TestNameserversHandlers(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestToServerNSList_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    []api.Nameserver
+		expectIP netip.Addr
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "IPv4",
+			input: []api.Nameserver{
+				{Ip: "1.1.1.1", NsType: "udp", Port: 53},
+			},
+			expectIP: netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1"),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6",
+			input: []api.Nameserver{
+				{Ip: "2001:4860:4860::8888", NsType: "udp", Port: 53},
+			},
+			expectIP: netip.MustParseAddr("2001:4860:4860::8888"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result, err := toServerNSList(tc.input)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			if assert.Len(t, result, 1) {
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.expectIP, result[0].IP)
+				assert.Equal(t, 53, result[0].Port)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/groups/groups_handler.go b/management/server/http/handlers/groups/groups_handler.go
index e935d61af..cdedca6bd 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/groups/groups_handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/groups/groups_handler.go
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func newHandler(accountManager account.Manager, permissionsManager permissions.M
 }
 
 func (h *handler) canReadPeers(r *http.Request, userAuth *auth.UserAuth) bool {
-	allowed, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
+	allowed, _, err := h.permissionsManager.ValidateUserPermissions(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, modules.Peers, operations.Read)
 	return err == nil && allowed
 }
 
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/groups/groups_handler_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/groups/groups_handler_test.go
index 9ed8ea5cd..94200f3a3 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/groups/groups_handler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/groups/groups_handler_test.go
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 var TestPeers = map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
-	"A": {Key: "A", ID: "peer-A-ID", IP: net.ParseIP("100.100.100.100")},
-	"B": {Key: "B", ID: "peer-B-ID", IP: net.ParseIP("200.200.200.200")},
+	"A": {Key: "A", ID: "peer-A-ID", IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.100.100.100")},
+	"B": {Key: "B", ID: "peer-B-ID", IP: netip.MustParseAddr("200.200.200.200")},
 }
 
 func initGroupTestData(t *testing.T, initGroups ...*types.Group) *handler {
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func initGroupTestData(t *testing.T, initGroups ...*types.Group) *handler {
 	permissionsManagerMock := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl)
 	permissionsManagerMock.EXPECT().
 		ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Eq(modules.Peers), gomock.Eq(operations.Read)).
-		Return(true, nil).
+		Return(true, context.Background(), nil).
 		AnyTimes()
 
 	return &handler{
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/instance/instance_handler.go b/management/server/http/handlers/instance/instance_handler.go
index 9e22b7796..1c161d7d0 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/instance/instance_handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/instance/instance_handler.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	nbinstance "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/instance"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
@@ -19,13 +20,15 @@ import (
 // handler handles the instance setup HTTP endpoints
 type handler struct {
 	instanceManager nbinstance.Manager
+	setupManager    *nbinstance.SetupService
 }
 
 // AddEndpoints registers the instance setup endpoints.
 // These endpoints bypass authentication for initial setup.
-func AddEndpoints(instanceManager nbinstance.Manager, router *mux.Router) {
+func AddEndpoints(instanceManager nbinstance.Manager, accountManager account.Manager, router *mux.Router) {
 	h := &handler{
 		instanceManager: instanceManager,
+		setupManager:    nbinstance.NewSetupService(instanceManager, accountManager),
 	}
 
 	router.HandleFunc("/instance", h.getInstanceStatus).Methods("GET", "OPTIONS")
@@ -59,24 +62,36 @@ func (h *handler) getInstanceStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // setup creates the initial admin user for the instance.
 // This endpoint is unauthenticated but only works when setup is required.
 func (h *handler) setup(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	ctx := r.Context()
+
 	var req api.SetupRequest
 	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
 		util.WriteErrorResponse("invalid request body", http.StatusBadRequest, w)
 		return
 	}
 
-	userData, err := h.instanceManager.CreateOwnerUser(r.Context(), req.Email, req.Password, req.Name)
+	result, err := h.setupManager.SetupOwner(ctx, req.Email, req.Password, req.Name, nbinstance.SetupOptions{
+		CreatePAT:       req.CreatePat != nil && *req.CreatePat,
+		PATExpireInDays: req.PatExpireIn,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
-		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+		util.WriteError(ctx, err, w)
 		return
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(r.Context()).Infof("instance setup completed: created user %s", req.Email)
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("instance setup completed: created user %s", req.Email)
 
-	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, api.SetupResponse{
-		UserId: userData.ID,
-		Email:  userData.Email,
-	})
+	resp := api.SetupResponse{
+		UserId: result.User.ID,
+		Email:  result.User.Email,
+	}
+
+	if result.PATPlainToken != "" {
+		resp.PersonalAccessToken = &result.PATPlainToken
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-store")
+	util.WriteJSONObject(ctx, w, resp)
 }
 
 // getVersionInfo returns version information for NetBird components.
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/instance/instance_handler_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/instance/instance_handler_test.go
index 645b2b0bc..7768cdbd7 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/instance/instance_handler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/instance/instance_handler_test.go
@@ -10,16 +10,20 @@ import (
 	"net/mail"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/modules"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions/operations"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	nbinstance "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/instance"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/mock_server"
+	nbstore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
@@ -30,6 +34,7 @@ type mockInstanceManager struct {
 	isSetupRequired   bool
 	isSetupRequiredFn func(ctx context.Context) (bool, error)
 	createOwnerUserFn func(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error)
+	rollbackSetupFn   func(ctx context.Context, userID string) error
 	getVersionInfoFn  func(ctx context.Context) (*nbinstance.VersionInfo, error)
 }
 
@@ -72,6 +77,13 @@ func (m *mockInstanceManager) CreateOwnerUser(ctx context.Context, email, passwo
 	}, nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockInstanceManager) RollbackSetup(ctx context.Context, userID string) error {
+	if m.rollbackSetupFn != nil {
+		return m.rollbackSetupFn(ctx, userID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *mockInstanceManager) GetVersionInfo(ctx context.Context) (*nbinstance.VersionInfo, error) {
 	if m.getVersionInfoFn != nil {
 		return m.getVersionInfoFn(ctx)
@@ -87,8 +99,12 @@ func (m *mockInstanceManager) GetVersionInfo(ctx context.Context) (*nbinstance.V
 var _ nbinstance.Manager = (*mockInstanceManager)(nil)
 
 func setupTestRouter(manager nbinstance.Manager) *mux.Router {
+	return setupTestRouterWithPAT(manager, nil)
+}
+
+func setupTestRouterWithPAT(manager nbinstance.Manager, accountManager account.Manager) *mux.Router {
 	router := mux.NewRouter()
-	AddEndpoints(manager, router)
+	AddEndpoints(manager, accountManager, router)
 	return router
 }
 
@@ -166,6 +182,7 @@ func TestSetup_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "no-store", rec.Header().Get("Cache-Control"))
 
 	var response api.SetupResponse
 	err := json.NewDecoder(rec.Body).Decode(&response)
@@ -298,6 +315,239 @@ func TestSetup_ManagerError(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, rec.Code)
 }
 
+func TestSetup_PAT_FeatureDisabled_IgnoresCreatePAT(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(nbinstance.SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "false")
+
+	manager := &mockInstanceManager{isSetupRequired: true}
+	// NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED=false: request fields must be silently ignored
+	router := setupTestRouterWithPAT(manager, &mock_server.MockAccountManager{})
+
+	body := `{"email": "admin@example.com", "password": "securepassword123", "name": "Admin", "create_pat": true}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/setup", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	var response api.SetupResponse
+	require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(rec.Body).Decode(&response))
+	assert.Nil(t, response.PersonalAccessToken)
+}
+
+func TestSetup_PAT_FlagOmitted_NoPAT(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(nbinstance.SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	manager := &mockInstanceManager{isSetupRequired: true}
+	router := setupTestRouterWithPAT(manager, &mock_server.MockAccountManager{})
+
+	body := `{"email": "admin@example.com", "password": "securepassword123", "name": "Admin"}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/setup", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	var response api.SetupResponse
+	require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(rec.Body).Decode(&response))
+	assert.Nil(t, response.PersonalAccessToken)
+}
+
+func TestSetup_PAT_MissingExpireIn_DefaultsToOneDay(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(nbinstance.SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	createCalled := false
+	manager := &mockInstanceManager{
+		isSetupRequired: true,
+		createOwnerUserFn: func(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error) {
+			createCalled = true
+			return &idp.UserData{ID: "u1", Email: email, Name: name}, nil
+		},
+	}
+	accountMgr := &mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+		GetAccountIDByUserIdFunc: func(_ context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) (string, error) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "u1", userAuth.UserId)
+			return "acc-1", nil
+		},
+		CreatePATFunc: func(_ context.Context, accountID, initiator, target, name string, expiresIn int) (*types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated, error) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "acc-1", accountID)
+			assert.Equal(t, "u1", initiator)
+			assert.Equal(t, "u1", target)
+			assert.Equal(t, "setup-token", name)
+			assert.Equal(t, 1, expiresIn)
+			return &types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated{PlainToken: "nbp_plain"}, nil
+		},
+	}
+	router := setupTestRouterWithPAT(manager, accountMgr)
+
+	body := `{"email": "admin@example.com", "password": "securepassword123", "name": "Admin", "create_pat": true}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/setup", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "no-store", rec.Header().Get("Cache-Control"))
+	assert.True(t, createCalled)
+	var response api.SetupResponse
+	require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(rec.Body).Decode(&response))
+	require.NotNil(t, response.PersonalAccessToken)
+	assert.Equal(t, "nbp_plain", *response.PersonalAccessToken)
+}
+
+func TestSetup_PAT_ExpireOutOfRange(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(nbinstance.SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	manager := &mockInstanceManager{isSetupRequired: true}
+	router := setupTestRouterWithPAT(manager, &mock_server.MockAccountManager{})
+
+	body := `{"email": "admin@example.com", "password": "securepassword123", "name": "Admin", "create_pat": true, "pat_expire_in": 0}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/setup", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, rec.Code)
+}
+
+func TestSetup_PAT_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(nbinstance.SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	manager := &mockInstanceManager{
+		isSetupRequired: true,
+		createOwnerUserFn: func(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error) {
+			return &idp.UserData{ID: "owner-id", Email: email, Name: name}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	gotAccountArgs := struct {
+		userID string
+		email  string
+	}{}
+	accountMgr := &mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+		GetAccountIDByUserIdFunc: func(_ context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) (string, error) {
+			gotAccountArgs.userID = userAuth.UserId
+			gotAccountArgs.email = userAuth.Email
+			return "acc-1", nil
+		},
+		CreatePATFunc: func(_ context.Context, accountID, initiator, target, name string, expiresIn int) (*types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated, error) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "acc-1", accountID)
+			assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", initiator)
+			assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", target)
+			assert.Equal(t, "setup-token", name)
+			assert.Equal(t, 30, expiresIn)
+			return &types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated{PlainToken: "nbp_plain"}, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	router := setupTestRouterWithPAT(manager, accountMgr)
+
+	body := `{"email": "admin@example.com", "password": "securepassword123", "name": "Admin", "create_pat": true, "pat_expire_in": 30}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/setup", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "no-store", rec.Header().Get("Cache-Control"))
+	var response api.SetupResponse
+	require.NoError(t, json.NewDecoder(rec.Body).Decode(&response))
+	assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", response.UserId)
+	require.NotNil(t, response.PersonalAccessToken)
+	assert.Equal(t, "nbp_plain", *response.PersonalAccessToken)
+	assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", gotAccountArgs.userID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "admin@example.com", gotAccountArgs.email)
+}
+
+func TestSetup_PAT_AccountCreationFails_Rollback(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(nbinstance.SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	accountStore := nbstore.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	accountStore.EXPECT().GetAccountIDByUserID(gomock.Any(), nbstore.LockingStrengthNone, "owner-id").Return("", status.NewAccountNotFoundError("owner-id"))
+
+	rolledBackFor := ""
+	manager := &mockInstanceManager{
+		isSetupRequired: true,
+		createOwnerUserFn: func(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error) {
+			return &idp.UserData{ID: "owner-id", Email: email, Name: name}, nil
+		},
+		rollbackSetupFn: func(_ context.Context, userID string) error {
+			rolledBackFor = userID
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	accountMgr := &mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+		GetAccountIDByUserIdFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ auth.UserAuth) (string, error) {
+			return "", errors.New("db down")
+		},
+		GetStoreFunc: func() nbstore.Store {
+			return accountStore
+		},
+	}
+
+	router := setupTestRouterWithPAT(manager, accountMgr)
+
+	body := `{"email": "admin@example.com", "password": "securepassword123", "name": "Admin", "create_pat": true, "pat_expire_in": 30}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/setup", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, rec.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", rolledBackFor, "RollbackSetup must be called with the created user id")
+}
+
+func TestSetup_PAT_CreatePATFails_Rollback(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(nbinstance.SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	accountStore := nbstore.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	account := &types.Account{Id: "acc-1"}
+	accountStore.EXPECT().GetAccount(gomock.Any(), "acc-1").Return(account, nil)
+	accountStore.EXPECT().DeleteAccount(gomock.Any(), account).Return(nil)
+
+	rolledBackFor := ""
+	manager := &mockInstanceManager{
+		isSetupRequired: true,
+		createOwnerUserFn: func(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error) {
+			return &idp.UserData{ID: "owner-id", Email: email, Name: name}, nil
+		},
+		rollbackSetupFn: func(_ context.Context, userID string) error {
+			rolledBackFor = userID
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+	accountMgr := &mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+		GetAccountIDByUserIdFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ auth.UserAuth) (string, error) {
+			return "acc-1", nil
+		},
+		CreatePATFunc: func(_ context.Context, _, _, _, _ string, _ int) (*types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated, error) {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "token store unavailable")
+		},
+		GetStoreFunc: func() nbstore.Store {
+			return accountStore
+		},
+	}
+
+	router := setupTestRouterWithPAT(manager, accountMgr)
+
+	body := `{"email": "admin@example.com", "password": "securepassword123", "name": "Admin", "create_pat": true, "pat_expire_in": 30}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/setup", bytes.NewBufferString(body))
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusInternalServerError, rec.Code)
+	assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", rolledBackFor, "RollbackSetup must be called when CreatePAT fails")
+}
+
 func TestGetVersionInfo_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	manager := &mockInstanceManager{}
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler.go b/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler.go
index 2b7b697d6..3f2942f8e 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler.go
@@ -214,6 +214,18 @@ func (h *Handler) UpdatePeer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth *a
 		}
 	}
 
+	if req.Ipv6 != nil {
+		v6Addr, err := parseIPv6(req.Ipv6)
+		if err != nil {
+			util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "%v", err), w)
+			return
+		}
+		if err = h.accountManager.UpdatePeerIPv6(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, peerID, v6Addr); err != nil {
+			util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	peer, err := h.accountManager.UpdatePeer(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, update)
 	if err != nil {
 		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
@@ -318,6 +330,21 @@ func (h *Handler) setApprovalRequiredFlag(respBody []*api.PeerBatch, validPeersM
 	}
 }
 
+func parseIPv6(s *string) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	if s == nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("IPv6 address is nil")
+	}
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(*s)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 address %s: %w", *s, err)
+	}
+	addr = addr.Unmap()
+	if !addr.Is6() {
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("address %s is not IPv6", *s)
+	}
+	return addr, nil
+}
+
 // GetAccessiblePeers returns a list of all peers that the specified peer can connect to within the network.
 func (h *Handler) GetAccessiblePeers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth *auth.UserAuth) {
 	vars := mux.Vars(r)
@@ -369,9 +396,9 @@ func (h *Handler) GetAccessiblePeers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, use
 
 	dnsDomain := h.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(account.Settings)
 
-	netMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMap(r.Context(), peerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validPeers, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap(), nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
+	netMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(r.Context(), peerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validPeers, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap(), nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
 
-	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, toAccessiblePeers(netMap, dnsDomain))
+	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, toAccessiblePeers(account.Peers, netMap, dnsDomain))
 }
 
 func (h *Handler) CreateTemporaryAccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth *auth.UserAuth) {
@@ -398,7 +425,7 @@ func (h *Handler) CreateTemporaryAccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request,
 		return
 	}
 
-	peer, _, _, err := h.accountManager.AddPeer(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, "", userAuth.UserId, newPeer, true)
+	peer, _, _, _, err := h.accountManager.AddPeer(r.Context(), userAuth.AccountId, "", userAuth.UserId, newPeer, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		util.WriteError(r.Context(), err, w)
 		return
@@ -453,14 +480,21 @@ func (h *Handler) CreateTemporaryAccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request,
 	util.WriteJSONObject(r.Context(), w, resp)
 }
 
-func toAccessiblePeers(netMap *types.NetworkMap, dnsDomain string) []api.AccessiblePeer {
+// toAccessiblePeers resolves the twin peers in netMap back to the full account
+// peers (by ID) so the API response keeps Status/Name/OS/GeoNameID, which the
+// slim netmap twins intentionally don't carry.
+func toAccessiblePeers(accountPeers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, netMap *types.NetworkMap, dnsDomain string) []api.AccessiblePeer {
 	accessiblePeers := make([]api.AccessiblePeer, 0, len(netMap.Peers)+len(netMap.OfflinePeers))
+	appendByID := func(id string) {
+		if p, ok := accountPeers[id]; ok && p != nil {
+			accessiblePeers = append(accessiblePeers, peerToAccessiblePeer(p, dnsDomain))
+		}
+	}
 	for _, p := range netMap.Peers {
-		accessiblePeers = append(accessiblePeers, peerToAccessiblePeer(p, dnsDomain))
+		appendByID(p.ID)
 	}
-
 	for _, p := range netMap.OfflinePeers {
-		accessiblePeers = append(accessiblePeers, peerToAccessiblePeer(p, dnsDomain))
+		appendByID(p.ID)
 	}
 
 	return accessiblePeers
@@ -475,6 +509,7 @@ func peerToAccessiblePeer(peer *nbpeer.Peer, dnsDomain string) api.AccessiblePee
 		GeonameId:   int(peer.Location.GeoNameID),
 		Id:          peer.ID,
 		Ip:          peer.IP.String(),
+		Ipv6:        peerIPv6String(peer),
 		LastSeen:    peer.Status.LastSeen,
 		Name:        peer.Name,
 		Os:          peer.Meta.OS,
@@ -493,6 +528,7 @@ func toSinglePeerResponse(peer *nbpeer.Peer, groupsInfo []api.GroupMinimum, dnsD
 		Id:                          peer.ID,
 		Name:                        peer.Name,
 		Ip:                          peer.IP.String(),
+		Ipv6:                        peerIPv6String(peer),
 		ConnectionIp:                peer.Location.ConnectionIP.String(),
 		Connected:                   peer.Status.Connected,
 		LastSeen:                    peer.Status.LastSeen,
@@ -527,6 +563,7 @@ func toSinglePeerResponse(peer *nbpeer.Peer, groupsInfo []api.GroupMinimum, dnsD
 			RosenpassEnabled:      &peer.Meta.Flags.RosenpassEnabled,
 			RosenpassPermissive:   &peer.Meta.Flags.RosenpassPermissive,
 			ServerSshAllowed:      &peer.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed,
+			RemoteJobsAllowed:     &peer.Meta.Flags.RemoteJobsAllowed,
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -547,6 +584,7 @@ func toPeerListItemResponse(peer *nbpeer.Peer, groupsInfo []api.GroupMinimum, dn
 		Id:                          peer.ID,
 		Name:                        peer.Name,
 		Ip:                          peer.IP.String(),
+		Ipv6:                        peerIPv6String(peer),
 		ConnectionIp:                peer.Location.ConnectionIP.String(),
 		Connected:                   peer.Status.Connected,
 		LastSeen:                    peer.Status.LastSeen,
@@ -581,6 +619,7 @@ func toPeerListItemResponse(peer *nbpeer.Peer, groupsInfo []api.GroupMinimum, dn
 			RosenpassEnabled:      &peer.Meta.Flags.RosenpassEnabled,
 			RosenpassPermissive:   &peer.Meta.Flags.RosenpassPermissive,
 			ServerSshAllowed:      &peer.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed,
+			RemoteJobsAllowed:     &peer.Meta.Flags.RemoteJobsAllowed,
 		},
 	}
 }
@@ -623,3 +662,11 @@ func fqdnList(extraLabels []string, dnsDomain string) []string {
 	}
 	return fqdnList
 }
+
+func peerIPv6String(peer *nbpeer.Peer) *string {
+	if !peer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	s := peer.IPv6.String()
+	return &s
+}
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler_test.go
index da3ef46fe..2d4dc1b0c 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/peers/peers_handler_test.go
@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
-	ugomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map"
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ func initTestMetaData(t *testing.T, peers ...*nbpeer.Peer) *Handler {
 		},
 	}
 
-	ctrl := ugomock.NewController(t)
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 
 	networkMapController := network_map.NewMockController(ctrl)
 	networkMapController.EXPECT().
@@ -116,15 +115,15 @@ func initTestMetaData(t *testing.T, peers ...*nbpeer.Peer) *Handler {
 
 	ctrl2 := gomock.NewController(t)
 	permissionsManager := permissions.NewMockManager(ctrl2)
-	permissionsManager.EXPECT().ValidateAccountAccess(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).AnyTimes()
+	permissionsManager.EXPECT().ValidateAccountAccess(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(context.Background(), nil).AnyTimes()
 	permissionsManager.EXPECT().
 		ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Eq(modules.Peers), gomock.Eq(operations.Read)).
-		DoAndReturn(func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, error) {
+		DoAndReturn(func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, module modules.Module, operation operations.Operation) (bool, context.Context, error) {
 			user, ok := account.Users[userID]
 			if !ok {
-				return false, fmt.Errorf("user not found")
+				return false, ctx, fmt.Errorf("user not found")
 			}
-			return user.HasAdminPower() || user.IsServiceUser, nil
+			return user.HasAdminPower() || user.IsServiceUser, ctx, nil
 		}).
 		AnyTimes()
 
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ func initTestMetaData(t *testing.T, peers ...*nbpeer.Peer) *Handler {
 			UpdatePeerIPFunc: func(_ context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIP netip.Addr) error {
 				for _, peer := range peers {
 					if peer.ID == peerID {
-						peer.IP = net.IP(newIP.AsSlice())
+						peer.IP = newIP
 						return nil
 					}
 				}
@@ -228,7 +227,8 @@ func TestGetPeers(t *testing.T) {
 	peer := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		ID:                     testPeerID,
 		Key:                    "key",
-		IP:                     net.ParseIP("100.64.0.1"),
+		IP:                     netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		IPv6:                   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 		Status:                 &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
 		Name:                   "PeerName",
 		LoginExpirationEnabled: false,
@@ -368,7 +368,8 @@ func TestGetAccessiblePeers(t *testing.T) {
 	peer1 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		ID:                     "peer1",
 		Key:                    "key1",
-		IP:                     net.ParseIP("100.64.0.1"),
+		IP:                     netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		IPv6:                   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::1"),
 		Status:                 &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
 		Name:                   "peer1",
 		LoginExpirationEnabled: false,
@@ -378,7 +379,8 @@ func TestGetAccessiblePeers(t *testing.T) {
 	peer2 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		ID:                     "peer2",
 		Key:                    "key2",
-		IP:                     net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2"),
+		IP:                     netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2"),
+		IPv6:                   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::2"),
 		Status:                 &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
 		Name:                   "peer2",
 		LoginExpirationEnabled: false,
@@ -388,7 +390,8 @@ func TestGetAccessiblePeers(t *testing.T) {
 	peer3 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		ID:                     "peer3",
 		Key:                    "key3",
-		IP:                     net.ParseIP("100.64.0.3"),
+		IP:                     netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.3"),
+		IPv6:                   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00:1234::3"),
 		Status:                 &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
 		Name:                   "peer3",
 		LoginExpirationEnabled: false,
@@ -532,7 +535,8 @@ func TestPeersHandlerUpdatePeerIP(t *testing.T) {
 	testPeer := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		ID:                     testPeerID,
 		Key:                    "key",
-		IP:                     net.ParseIP("100.64.0.1"),
+		IP:                     netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		IPv6:                   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 		Status:                 &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: false, LastSeen: time.Now()},
 		Name:                   "test-host@netbird.io",
 		LoginExpirationEnabled: false,
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/policies/geolocation_handler_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/policies/geolocation_handler_test.go
index 4ae54c42a..c719adb0f 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/policies/geolocation_handler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/policies/geolocation_handler_test.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ func initGeolocationTestData(t *testing.T) *geolocationsHandler {
 	permissionsManagerMock.
 		EXPECT().
 		ValidateUserPermissions(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), modules.Policies, operations.Read).
-		Return(true, nil).
+		Return(true, context.Background(), nil).
 		AnyTimes()
 
 	return &geolocationsHandler{
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/proxy/auth.go b/management/server/http/handlers/proxy/auth.go
index 0120fad0e..0f4b72e14 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/proxy/auth.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/proxy/auth.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package proxy
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
@@ -99,16 +100,17 @@ func (h *AuthCallbackHandler) handleCallback(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Group validation is performed by the proxy via ValidateSession gRPC call.
-	// This allows the proxy to show 403 pages directly without redirect dance.
-
+	// GenerateSessionToken applies the service's group and account-status gates,
+	// so a user without access never receives a token. The proxy re-checks the
+	// installed cookie against the service's allowed groups, and renders the
+	// denial page from the error carried back in the redirect.
 	sessionToken, err := h.proxyService.GenerateSessionToken(r.Context(), redirectURL.Hostname(), userID, auth.MethodOIDC)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithError(err).Error("Failed to create session token")
 		redirectURL.Scheme = "https"
 		query := redirectURL.Query()
 		query.Set("error", "access_denied")
-		query.Set("error_description", "Service configuration error")
+		query.Set("error_description", sessionTokenErrorDescription(err))
 		redirectURL.RawQuery = query.Encode()
 		http.Redirect(w, r, redirectURL.String(), http.StatusFound)
 		return
@@ -124,6 +126,23 @@ func (h *AuthCallbackHandler) handleCallback(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Requ
 	http.Redirect(w, r, redirectURL.String(), http.StatusFound)
 }
 
+// sessionTokenErrorDescription maps a session token failure to the text the
+// proxy renders on its access denied page. Account status denials get a message
+// the user can act on, while everything else stays generic so a lookup or
+// signing failure does not describe management internals to the browser.
+func sessionTokenErrorDescription(err error) string {
+	if errors.Is(err, nbgrpc.ErrUserPendingApproval) {
+		return "Your account is pending approval by an administrator"
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, nbgrpc.ErrUserBlocked) {
+		return "Your account is blocked"
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, nbgrpc.ErrUserNotInGroup) {
+		return "You are not authorized to access this service"
+	}
+	return "Service configuration error"
+}
+
 func extractUserIDFromToken(ctx context.Context, provider *oidc.Provider, config nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig, token *oauth2.Token) string {
 	rawIDToken, ok := token.Extra("id_token").(string)
 	if !ok {
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/proxy/auth_callback_integration_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/proxy/auth_callback_integration_test.go
index c99acab63..1dbfca4cd 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/proxy/auth_callback_integration_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/proxy/auth_callback_integration_test.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
+	activitymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/activity/manager"
 	nbproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
@@ -216,9 +217,12 @@ func setupAuthCallbackTest(t *testing.T) *testSetup {
 		nil,
 		usersManager,
 		nil,
+		nil,
+		nil,
 	)
 
 	proxyService.SetServiceManager(&testServiceManager{store: testStore})
+	proxyService.SetActivityManager(activitymanager.NewManager(testStore))
 
 	handler := NewAuthCallbackHandler(proxyService, nil)
 
@@ -358,6 +362,51 @@ func createTestAccountsAndUsers(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, testStore sto
 		Issued:     "api",
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveUser(ctx, allowedUser))
+
+	// A second tenant, whose users must never be issued a token signed with
+	// the first tenant's service session key.
+	otherAccount := &types.Account{
+		Id:                     "otherAccountId",
+		Domain:                 "other.com",
+		DomainCategory:         "private",
+		IsDomainPrimaryAccount: true,
+		CreatedAt:              time.Now(),
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveAccount(ctx, otherAccount))
+
+	otherAccountUser := &types.User{
+		Id:        "otherAccountUserId",
+		AccountID: "otherAccountId",
+		Role:      types.UserRoleUser,
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+		Issued:    "api",
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveUser(ctx, otherAccountUser))
+
+	// A user awaiting approval is stored as blocked and pending approval, and
+	// carries the same group membership as the approved one.
+	pendingUser := &types.User{
+		Id:              "pendingUserId",
+		AccountID:       "testAccountId",
+		Role:            types.UserRoleUser,
+		AutoGroups:      []string{"allowedGroupId"},
+		Blocked:         true,
+		PendingApproval: true,
+		CreatedAt:       time.Now(),
+		Issued:          "api",
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveUser(ctx, pendingUser))
+
+	blockedUser := &types.User{
+		Id:         "blockedUserId",
+		AccountID:  "testAccountId",
+		Role:       types.UserRoleUser,
+		AutoGroups: []string{"allowedGroupId"},
+		Blocked:    true,
+		CreatedAt:  time.Now(),
+		Issued:     "api",
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveUser(ctx, blockedUser))
 }
 
 // testServiceManager is a minimal implementation for testing.
@@ -389,6 +438,10 @@ func (m *testServiceManager) DeleteService(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) er
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *testServiceManager) DeleteAccountCluster(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *testServiceManager) SetCertificateIssuedAt(_ context.Context, _, _ string) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -435,7 +488,11 @@ func (m *testServiceManager) StopServiceFromPeer(_ context.Context, _, _, _ stri
 
 func (m *testServiceManager) StartExposeReaper(_ context.Context) {}
 
-func (m *testServiceManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]nbproxy.Cluster, error) {
+func (m *testServiceManager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*service.Service, error) {
+	return m.store.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
+}
+
+func (m *testServiceManager) GetClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]nbproxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
@@ -480,6 +537,113 @@ func TestAuthCallback_UserAllowedToLogin(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Empty(t, parsedLocation.Query().Get("error"), "Should not have error parameter")
 }
 
+// TestAuthCallback_UserDeniedByAccountStatus asserts that a user whose account
+// is pending approval or blocked never receives a session token from the OIDC
+// callback, and that the redirect carries a description the proxy can render.
+// TestAuthCallback_RecordsUserLogin drives the real OIDC callback and asserts
+// the login lands on the user row. That timestamp is what activity accounting
+// reads, and it is the only signal that can ever count someone who reaches
+// proxy-protected services from a browser and never opens the dashboard.
+func TestAuthCallback_RecordsUserLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupAuthCallbackTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	before, err := setup.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "allowedUserId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, before.LastLogin, "fixture user starts with no login on record")
+
+	setup.oidcServer.tokenSubject = "allowedUserId"
+	state := createTestState(t, setup.proxyService, "https://test-proxy.example.com/dashboard")
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/reverse-proxy/callback?code=test-auth-code&state="+url.QueryEscape(state), nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	setup.router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusFound, rec.Code)
+
+	after, err := setup.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "allowedUserId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, after.LastLogin, "a completed proxy SSO login must be recorded on the user")
+	require.WithinDuration(t, time.Now().UTC(), after.LastLogin.UTC(), time.Minute, "login should be stamped at sign-in time")
+}
+
+// TestAuthCallback_DeniedUserLoginNotRecorded keeps the write on the granted
+// path: a refused sign-in is not a login.
+func TestAuthCallback_DeniedUserLoginNotRecorded(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupAuthCallbackTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	setup.oidcServer.tokenSubject = "blockedUserId"
+	state := createTestState(t, setup.proxyService, "https://test-proxy.example.com/dashboard")
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/reverse-proxy/callback?code=test-auth-code&state="+url.QueryEscape(state), nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	setup.router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusFound, rec.Code)
+
+	after, err := setup.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "blockedUserId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, after.LastLogin, "a denied user must not be recorded as having logged in")
+}
+
+func TestAuthCallback_UserDeniedByAccountStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		subject         string
+		expectErrorDesc string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:            "pending approval",
+			subject:         "pendingUserId",
+			expectErrorDesc: "Your account is pending approval by an administrator",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "blocked",
+			subject:         "blockedUserId",
+			expectErrorDesc: "Your account is blocked",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "unknown to management",
+			subject:         "userMissingFromStoreId",
+			expectErrorDesc: "Service configuration error",
+		},
+		{
+			// The account topology stays out of the browser-visible message.
+			name:            "belongs to another account",
+			subject:         "otherAccountUserId",
+			expectErrorDesc: "Service configuration error",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			setup := setupAuthCallbackTest(t)
+			defer setup.cleanup()
+
+			setup.oidcServer.tokenSubject = tt.subject
+
+			state := createTestState(t, setup.proxyService, "https://test-proxy.example.com/dashboard")
+
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/reverse-proxy/callback?code=test-auth-code&state="+url.QueryEscape(state), nil)
+			rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+			setup.router.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+			require.Equal(t, http.StatusFound, rec.Code)
+
+			parsedLocation, err := url.Parse(rec.Header().Get("Location"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			require.Empty(t, parsedLocation.Query().Get("session_token"), "Denied user must not receive a session token")
+			require.Equal(t, "access_denied", parsedLocation.Query().Get("error"))
+			require.Equal(t, tt.expectErrorDesc, parsedLocation.Query().Get("error_description"))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAuthCallback_ProxyNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	setup := setupAuthCallbackTest(t)
 	defer setup.cleanup()
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler.go b/management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler.go
index cb3089344..5edd11b96 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler.go
@@ -60,6 +60,19 @@ func (h *handler) createSetupKey(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAut
 		return
 	}
 
+	// A one-off key can be used once, and GenerateSetupKey pins its usage limit
+	// at 1 whatever the request says. Silently overriding a caller that asked
+	// for a different number leaves them holding a key that does not do what
+	// they configured, and no way to find out except by using it. Only values
+	// above 1 are refused: usage_limit is a required field with no null, so 0
+	// cannot be told apart from a caller that has nothing to say about it.
+	if types.SetupKeyType(req.Type) == types.SetupKeyOneOff && req.UsageLimit > 1 {
+		util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument,
+			"usage_limit %d is not valid for a one-off setup key, which can be used once; use type reusable for a key that can be used more than once",
+			req.UsageLimit), w)
+		return
+	}
+
 	expiresIn := time.Duration(req.ExpiresIn) * time.Second
 
 	if expiresIn < 0 {
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler_test.go b/management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler_test.go
index 28595231c..806b10781 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/setup_keys/setupkeys_handler_test.go
@@ -135,6 +135,40 @@ func TestSetupKeysHandlers(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedBody:     true,
 			expectedSetupKey: expectedNewKey,
 		},
+		{
+			// A one-off key is used once. Asking for more used to be accepted
+			// and then quietly reduced to 1.
+			name:        "Create One-Off Setup Key With Conflicting Usage Limit",
+			requestType: http.MethodPost,
+			requestPath: "/api/setup-keys",
+			requestBody: bytes.NewBuffer(
+				[]byte(fmt.Sprintf("{\"name\":\"%s\",\"type\":\"one-off\",\"expires_in\":86400,\"usage_limit\":5}", newSetupKeyName))),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusUnprocessableEntity,
+			expectedBody:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			// 0 is what a caller sends when it has nothing to say about the
+			// usage limit, since the field is required and has no null, so it
+			// has to keep working.
+			name:        "Create One-Off Setup Key Without Usage Limit",
+			requestType: http.MethodPost,
+			requestPath: "/api/setup-keys",
+			requestBody: bytes.NewBuffer(
+				[]byte(fmt.Sprintf("{\"name\":\"%s\",\"type\":\"one-off\",\"expires_in\":86400,\"usage_limit\":0}", newSetupKeyName))),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			expectedBody:   false,
+		},
+		{
+			// Only one-off keys are constrained; a reusable key means what it
+			// says.
+			name:        "Create Reusable Setup Key With Usage Limit",
+			requestType: http.MethodPost,
+			requestPath: "/api/setup-keys",
+			requestBody: bytes.NewBuffer(
+				[]byte(fmt.Sprintf("{\"name\":\"%s\",\"type\":\"reusable\",\"expires_in\":86400,\"usage_limit\":5}", newSetupKeyName))),
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
+			expectedBody:   false,
+		},
 		{
 			name:        "Update Setup Key",
 			requestType: http.MethodPut,
diff --git a/management/server/http/handlers/users/users_handler.go b/management/server/http/handlers/users/users_handler.go
index c79528c65..ccdcffa2c 100644
--- a/management/server/http/handlers/users/users_handler.go
+++ b/management/server/http/handlers/users/users_handler.go
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ func (h *handler) getAllUsers(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, userAuth *
 		}
 
 		includeServiceUser, err := strconv.ParseBool(serviceUser)
-		log.WithContext(r.Context()).Debugf("Should include service user: %v", includeServiceUser)
+		log.WithContext(r.Context()).Tracef("Should include service user: %v", includeServiceUser)
 		if err != nil {
 			util.WriteError(r.Context(), status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "invalid service_user query parameter"), w)
 			return
diff --git a/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware.go b/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware.go
index 6d075d9c2..ba8c66241 100644
--- a/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware.go
+++ b/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware.go
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
-
 	serverauth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/auth"
 	nbcontext "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/context"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/http/middleware/bypass"
@@ -27,6 +25,8 @@ type SyncUserJWTGroupsFunc func(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) err
 
 type GetUserFromUserAuthFunc func(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) (*types.User, error)
 
+type IsValidChildAccountFunc func(ctx context.Context, userID, accountID, childAccountID string) bool
+
 // AuthMiddleware middleware to verify personal access tokens (PAT) and JWT tokens
 type AuthMiddleware struct {
 	authManager         serverauth.Manager
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type AuthMiddleware struct {
 	syncUserJWTGroups   SyncUserJWTGroupsFunc
 	rateLimiter         *APIRateLimiter
 	patUsageTracker     *PATUsageTracker
+	isValidChildAccount IsValidChildAccountFunc
 }
 
 // NewAuthMiddleware instance constructor
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ func NewAuthMiddleware(
 	getUserFromUserAuth GetUserFromUserAuthFunc,
 	rateLimiter *APIRateLimiter,
 	meter metric.Meter,
+	isValidChildAccount IsValidChildAccountFunc,
 ) *AuthMiddleware {
 	var patUsageTracker *PATUsageTracker
 	if meter != nil {
@@ -62,6 +64,7 @@ func NewAuthMiddleware(
 		getUserFromUserAuth: getUserFromUserAuth,
 		rateLimiter:         rateLimiter,
 		patUsageTracker:     patUsageTracker,
+		isValidChildAccount: isValidChildAccount,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ func (m *AuthMiddleware) checkJWTFromRequest(r *http.Request, authHeaderParts []
 	}
 
 	if impersonate, ok := r.URL.Query()["account"]; ok && len(impersonate) == 1 {
-		if integrations.IsValidChildAccount(ctx, userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, impersonate[0]) {
+		if m.isValidChildAccount(ctx, userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, impersonate[0]) {
 			userAuth.AccountId = impersonate[0]
 			userAuth.IsChild = true
 		}
@@ -149,7 +152,11 @@ func (m *AuthMiddleware) checkJWTFromRequest(r *http.Request, authHeaderParts []
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = m.syncUserJWTGroups(ctx, userAuth)
+	// Detach the group-sync write from the request's cancellation: the dashboard
+	// SPA aborts in-flight requests on re-render, which would otherwise cancel the
+	// DB transaction mid-write and silently drop the synced groups. Context values
+	// (request id, logger) are preserved; the store bounds the tx with its own timeout.
+	err = m.syncUserJWTGroups(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), userAuth)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("HTTP server failed to sync user JWT groups: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -203,7 +210,7 @@ func (m *AuthMiddleware) checkPATFromRequest(r *http.Request, authHeaderParts []
 	}
 
 	if impersonate, ok := r.URL.Query()["account"]; ok && len(impersonate) == 1 {
-		if integrations.IsValidChildAccount(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, impersonate[0]) {
+		if m.isValidChildAccount(r.Context(), userAuth.UserId, userAuth.AccountId, impersonate[0]) {
 			userAuth.AccountId = impersonate[0]
 			userAuth.IsChild = true
 		}
diff --git a/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware_test.go b/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware_test.go
index 8f736fbfd..a34554660 100644
--- a/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/middleware/auth_middleware_test.go
@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_Handler(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		disabledLimiter,
 		nil,
+		func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 	)
 
 	handlerToTest := authMiddleware.Handler(nextHandler)
@@ -240,6 +241,66 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_Handler(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// TestAuthMiddleware_SyncUserJWTGroupsDetachedFromRequestCancellation ensures the
+// JWT group sync write is not bound to the request context. The dashboard SPA
+// routinely aborts in-flight requests on re-render/navigation; if the sync ran in
+// the request context, the cancellation would roll back the DB transaction and the
+// synced groups would silently never persist. The sync must receive a context that
+// is not cancelled even when the originating request is.
+func TestAuthMiddleware_SyncUserJWTGroupsDetachedFromRequestCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		syncCalled bool
+		syncCtxErr error
+	)
+
+	mockAuth := &auth.MockManager{
+		ValidateAndParseTokenFunc:       mockValidateAndParseToken,
+		EnsureUserAccessByJWTGroupsFunc: mockEnsureUserAccessByJWTGroups,
+		MarkPATUsedFunc:                 mockMarkPATUsed,
+		GetPATInfoFunc:                  mockGetAccountInfoFromPAT,
+	}
+
+	disabledLimiter := NewAPIRateLimiter(nil)
+	disabledLimiter.SetEnabled(false)
+
+	authMiddleware := NewAuthMiddleware(
+		mockAuth,
+		func(ctx context.Context, userAuth nbauth.UserAuth) (string, string, error) {
+			return userAuth.AccountId, userAuth.UserId, nil
+		},
+		func(ctx context.Context, userAuth nbauth.UserAuth) error {
+			syncCalled = true
+			syncCtxErr = ctx.Err()
+			return nil
+		},
+		func(ctx context.Context, userAuth nbauth.UserAuth) (*types.User, error) {
+			return &types.User{}, nil
+		},
+		disabledLimiter,
+		nil,
+		func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
+	)
+
+	handlerToTest := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {}))
+
+	// Simulate the dashboard aborting the request: it arrives already cancelled.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "http://testing/test", nil).WithContext(ctx)
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+JWT)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	handlerToTest.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	if !syncCalled {
+		t.Fatal("syncUserJWTGroups was not called")
+	}
+	if syncCtxErr != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("syncUserJWTGroups received a cancelled context (%v); the group-sync write must be detached from request cancellation", syncCtxErr)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 	mockAuth := &auth.MockManager{
 		ValidateAndParseTokenFunc:       mockValidateAndParseToken,
@@ -270,6 +331,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -322,6 +384,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -365,6 +428,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -409,6 +473,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -473,6 +538,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -532,6 +598,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -587,6 +654,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_RateLimiting(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			NewAPIRateLimiter(rateLimitConfig),
 			nil,
+			func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 		)
 
 		handler := authMiddleware.Handler(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -687,6 +755,7 @@ func TestAuthMiddleware_Handler_Child(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		disabledLimiter,
 		nil,
+		func(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) bool { return false },
 	)
 
 	for _, tc := range tt {
diff --git a/management/server/http/testing/integration/networks_handler_integration_test.go b/management/server/http/testing/integration/networks_handler_integration_test.go
index 54f204a8f..a0a49a9ec 100644
--- a/management/server/http/testing/integration/networks_handler_integration_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/testing/integration/networks_handler_integration_test.go
@@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ func Test_NetworkRouters_Update(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:      "Update non-existing router creates it",
+			name:      "Update non-existing router returns not found",
 			networkId: "testNetworkId",
 			routerId:  "nonExistingRouterId",
 			requestBody: &api.NetworkRouterRequest{
@@ -1328,11 +1328,7 @@ func Test_NetworkRouters_Update(t *testing.T) {
 				Metric:     100,
 				Enabled:    true,
 			},
-			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
-			verifyResponse: func(t *testing.T, router *api.NetworkRouter) {
-				t.Helper()
-				assert.Equal(t, "nonExistingRouterId", router.Id)
-			},
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusNotFound,
 		},
 		{
 			name:      "Update router with both peer and peer_groups",
diff --git a/management/server/http/testing/integration/setupkeys_handler_integration_test.go b/management/server/http/testing/integration/setupkeys_handler_integration_test.go
index 0d3aaac82..21ad9d347 100644
--- a/management/server/http/testing/integration/setupkeys_handler_integration_test.go
+++ b/management/server/http/testing/integration/setupkeys_handler_integration_test.go
@@ -136,7 +136,10 @@ func Test_SetupKeys_Create(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			name:        "Create Setup Key as on-off with more than one usage",
+			// The key used to be created anyway, with its usage limit quietly
+			// reduced to 1, so the caller was told a key they had not asked for
+			// was what they asked for.
+			name:        "Create Setup Key as one-off with more than one usage",
 			requestType: http.MethodPost,
 			requestPath: "/api/setup-keys",
 			requestBody: &api.CreateSetupKeyRequest{
@@ -146,23 +149,7 @@ func Test_SetupKeys_Create(t *testing.T) {
 				Type:       "one-off",
 				UsageLimit: 3,
 			},
-			expectedStatus: http.StatusOK,
-			expectedResponse: &api.SetupKey{
-				AutoGroups: []string{},
-				Ephemeral:  false,
-				Expires:    time.Time{},
-				Id:         "",
-				Key:        "",
-				LastUsed:   time.Time{},
-				Name:       testing_tools.NewKeyName,
-				Revoked:    false,
-				State:      "valid",
-				Type:       "one-off",
-				UpdatedAt:  time.Now(),
-				UsageLimit: 1,
-				UsedTimes:  0,
-				Valid:      true,
-			},
+			expectedStatus: http.StatusUnprocessableEntity,
 		},
 		{
 			name:        "Create Setup Key with expiration in the past",
diff --git a/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/channel/channel.go b/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/channel/channel.go
index 273ad51d4..80cbf7440 100644
--- a/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/channel/channel.go
+++ b/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/channel/channel.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
@@ -57,13 +58,21 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBState(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile string, expectedPee
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
 
-	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
+	// Bound the background loops these managers start (account request buffer,
+	// telemetry P95 flushers, PAT usage tracker, API rate limiter, proxy service
+	// cleanup, cache janitors, DB connection pools) to the test's lifetime. On
+	// context.Background() they never stop and accumulate across the package,
+	// exhausting DB connections until the suite hits the 20m test timeout.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create metrics: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	peersUpdateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(nil)
-	updMsg := peersUpdateManager.CreateChannel(context.Background(), testing_tools.TestPeerId)
+	updMsg := peersUpdateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, testing_tools.TestPeerId)
 	done := make(chan struct{})
 	if validateUpdate {
 		go func() {
@@ -86,15 +95,13 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBState(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile string, expectedPee
 
 	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
 
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
 	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(ctx, 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create cache store: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, peersUpdateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsManager, "", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, peersUpdateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsManager, "", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), &config.Config{}, nil)
 	am, err := server.BuildManager(ctx, nil, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}, geoMock, false, validatorMock, metrics, proxyController, settingsManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create manager: %v", err)
@@ -108,7 +115,11 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBState(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile string, expectedPee
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create proxy manager: %v", err)
 	}
-	proxyServiceServer := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(accessLogsManager, proxyTokenStore, pkceverifierStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, peersManager, userManager, proxyMgr)
+	proxyServiceServer := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(accessLogsManager, proxyTokenStore, pkceverifierStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, peersManager, userManager, nil, proxyMgr, nil)
+	// NewProxyServiceServer starts cleanupStaleProxies on a context it derives
+	// from context.Background(), independent of the cancellable ctx above;
+	// Close() cancels it so the goroutine does not outlive the test.
+	t.Cleanup(proxyServiceServer.Close)
 	domainManager := manager.NewManager(store, proxyMgr, am)
 	serviceProxyController, err := proxymanager.NewGRPCController(proxyServiceServer, noopMeter)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -134,7 +145,8 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBState(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile string, expectedPee
 	customZonesManager := zonesManager.NewManager(store, am, "")
 	zoneRecordsManager := recordsManager.NewManager(store, am)
 
-	apiHandler, err := http2.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), am, networksManager, resourcesManager, routersManager, groupsManager, geoMock, authManagerMock, metrics, validatorMock, proxyController, permissionsManager, peersManager, settingsManager, customZonesManager, zoneRecordsManager, networkMapController, nil, serviceManager, &domainManager, accessLogsManager, nil, nil, nil)
+	apiRouter := mux.NewRouter().PathPrefix("/api").Subrouter()
+	apiHandler, err := http2.NewAPIHandler(ctx, apiRouter, am, networksManager, resourcesManager, routersManager, groupsManager, geoMock, authManagerMock, metrics, permissionsManager, settingsManager, customZonesManager, zoneRecordsManager, networkMapController, nil, serviceManager, &domainManager, accessLogsManager, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create API handler: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -197,13 +209,21 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBStateAndPeerChannel(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile strin
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
 
-	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(context.Background())
+	// Bound the background loops these managers start (account request buffer,
+	// telemetry P95 flushers, PAT usage tracker, API rate limiter, proxy service
+	// cleanup, cache janitors, DB connection pools) to the test's lifetime. On
+	// context.Background() they never stop and accumulate across the package,
+	// exhausting DB connections until the suite hits the 20m test timeout.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create metrics: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	peersUpdateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(nil)
-	updMsg := peersUpdateManager.CreateChannel(context.Background(), testing_tools.TestPeerId)
+	updMsg := peersUpdateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, testing_tools.TestPeerId)
 
 	geoMock := &geolocation.Mock{}
 	validatorMock := server.MockIntegratedValidator{}
@@ -215,15 +235,13 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBStateAndPeerChannel(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile strin
 
 	jobManager := job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager)
 
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
 	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(ctx, 100*time.Millisecond, 300*time.Millisecond, 100)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create cache store: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, peersUpdateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsManager, "", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, peersUpdateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsManager, "", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManager), &config.Config{}, nil)
 	am, err := server.BuildManager(ctx, nil, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", &activity.InMemoryEventStore{}, geoMock, false, validatorMock, metrics, proxyController, settingsManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create manager: %v", err)
@@ -237,7 +255,11 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBStateAndPeerChannel(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile strin
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create proxy manager: %v", err)
 	}
-	proxyServiceServer := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(accessLogsManager, proxyTokenStore, pkceverifierStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, peersManager, userManager, proxyMgr)
+	proxyServiceServer := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(accessLogsManager, proxyTokenStore, pkceverifierStore, nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{}, peersManager, userManager, nil, proxyMgr, nil)
+	// NewProxyServiceServer starts cleanupStaleProxies on a context it derives
+	// from context.Background(), independent of the cancellable ctx above;
+	// Close() cancels it so the goroutine does not outlive the test.
+	t.Cleanup(proxyServiceServer.Close)
 	domainManager := manager.NewManager(store, proxyMgr, am)
 	serviceProxyController, err := proxymanager.NewGRPCController(proxyServiceServer, noopMeter)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -263,7 +285,8 @@ func BuildApiBlackBoxWithDBStateAndPeerChannel(t testing_tools.TB, sqlFile strin
 	customZonesManager := zonesManager.NewManager(store, am, "")
 	zoneRecordsManager := recordsManager.NewManager(store, am)
 
-	apiHandler, err := http2.NewAPIHandler(context.Background(), am, networksManager, resourcesManager, routersManager, groupsManager, geoMock, authManagerMock, metrics, validatorMock, proxyController, permissionsManager, peersManager, settingsManager, customZonesManager, zoneRecordsManager, networkMapController, nil, serviceManager, &domainManager, accessLogsManager, nil, nil, nil)
+	apiRouter := mux.NewRouter().PathPrefix("/api").Subrouter()
+	apiHandler, err := http2.NewAPIHandler(ctx, apiRouter, am, networksManager, resourcesManager, routersManager, groupsManager, geoMock, authManagerMock, metrics, permissionsManager, settingsManager, customZonesManager, zoneRecordsManager, networkMapController, nil, serviceManager, &domainManager, accessLogsManager, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Failed to create API handler: %v", err)
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/tools.go b/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/tools.go
index e3b187622..755ef85e5 100644
--- a/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/tools.go
+++ b/management/server/http/testing/testing_tools/tools.go
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"testing"
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func PopulateTestData(b *testing.B, am account.Manager, peers, groups, users, se
 			ID:       fmt.Sprintf("oldpeer-%d", i),
 			DNSLabel: fmt.Sprintf("oldpeer-%d", i),
 			Key:      peerKey.PublicKey().String(),
-			IP:       net.ParseIP(fmt.Sprintf("100.64.%d.%d", i/256, i%256)),
+			IP:       netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("100.64.%d.%d", i/256, i%256)),
 			Status:   &nbpeer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now().UTC(), Connected: true},
 			UserID:   TestUserId,
 		}
diff --git a/management/server/identity_provider.go b/management/server/identity_provider.go
index 0533ed7c5..622ecabe1 100644
--- a/management/server/identity_provider.go
+++ b/management/server/identity_provider.go
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ func identityProviderToConnectorConfig(idpConfig *types.IdentityProvider) *dex.C
 }
 
 // generateIdentityProviderID generates a unique ID for an identity provider.
-// For specific provider types (okta, zitadel, entra, google, pocketid, microsoft),
+// For specific provider types (okta, zitadel, entra, google, pocketid, microsoft, adfs),
 // the ID is prefixed with the type name. Generic OIDC providers get no prefix.
 func generateIdentityProviderID(idpType types.IdentityProviderType) string {
 	id := xid.New().String()
@@ -254,6 +254,8 @@ func generateIdentityProviderID(idpType types.IdentityProviderType) string {
 		return "authentik-" + id
 	case types.IdentityProviderTypeKeycloak:
 		return "keycloak-" + id
+	case types.IdentityProviderTypeADFS:
+		return "adfs-" + id
 	default:
 		// Generic OIDC - no prefix
 		return id
diff --git a/management/server/identity_provider_test.go b/management/server/identity_provider_test.go
index cc27670b9..04a4f2bae 100644
--- a/management/server/identity_provider_test.go
+++ b/management/server/identity_provider_test.go
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
@@ -34,6 +34,20 @@ import (
 
 func createManagerWithEmbeddedIdP(t testing.TB) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.PeersUpdateManager, error) {
 	t.Helper()
+	return createManagerWithEmbeddedIdPMode(t, "netbird.selfhosted")
+}
+
+func createManagerWithEmbeddedIdPMode(t testing.TB, singleAccountModeDomain string) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.PeersUpdateManager, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	return createManagerWithEmbeddedIdPModeAndSetup(t, singleAccountModeDomain, nil)
+}
+
+func createManagerWithEmbeddedIdPModeAndSetup(
+	t testing.TB,
+	singleAccountModeDomain string,
+	setupStore func(context.Context, store.Store) error,
+) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.PeersUpdateManager, error) {
+	t.Helper()
 
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
@@ -43,6 +57,11 @@ func createManagerWithEmbeddedIdP(t testing.TB) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+	if setupStore != nil {
+		if err := setupStore(ctx, testStore); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, err
+		}
+	}
 
 	// Create embedded IdP manager
 	embeddedConfig := &idp.EmbeddedIdPConfig{
@@ -92,8 +111,8 @@ func createManagerWithEmbeddedIdP(t testing.TB) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, testStore)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, testStore, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(testStore, peersManager), &config.Config{})
-	manager, err := BuildManager(ctx, &config.Config{}, testStore, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, testStore, peersManager), idpManager, "", eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, testStore, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(testStore, peersManager), &config.Config{}, nil)
+	manager, err := BuildManager(ctx, &config.Config{}, testStore, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, testStore, peersManager), idpManager, singleAccountModeDomain, eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -196,6 +215,23 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_GetIdentityProvider_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "not found")
 }
 
+func TestUpdateUserAuthWithSingleModeKeepsConfiguredDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	manager, _, err := createManagerWithEmbeddedIdPModeAndSetup(t, "netbird.selfhosted", func(ctx context.Context, testStore store.Store) error {
+		// An account with no domain, as left behind by an IdP that emitted no domain claims.
+		return testStore.SaveAccount(ctx, newAccountWithId(ctx, "account-1", "user-1", "", "", "", false))
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, manager.singleAccountMode)
+
+	userAuth := auth.UserAuth{UserId: "user-2"}
+	require.NoError(t, manager.updateUserAuthWithSingleMode(ctx, &userAuth))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "netbird.selfhosted", userAuth.Domain,
+		"An empty account domain must not clear the configured single account domain")
+	assert.Equal(t, types.PrivateCategory, userAuth.DomainCategory)
+}
+
 func TestDefaultAccountManager_UpdateIdentityProvider_Validation(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/management/server/idp/embedded.go b/management/server/idp/embedded.go
index 48d3221cc..b045d6ad6 100644
--- a/management/server/idp/embedded.go
+++ b/management/server/idp/embedded.go
@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@ package idp
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
@@ -17,12 +21,16 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	staticClientDashboard  = "netbird-dashboard"
-	staticClientCLI        = "netbird-cli"
-	defaultCLIRedirectURL1 = "http://localhost:53000/"
-	defaultCLIRedirectURL2 = "http://localhost:54000/"
-	defaultScopes          = "openid profile email groups"
-	defaultUserIDClaim     = "sub"
+	StaticClientDashboard      = "netbird-dashboard"
+	StaticClientCLI            = "netbird-cli"
+	DefaultTOTPAuthenticatorID = "default-totp"
+	LocalConnectorID           = dex.LocalConnectorID
+
+	defaultCLIRedirectURL1        = "http://localhost:53000/"
+	defaultCLIRedirectURL2        = "http://localhost:54000/"
+	defaultScopes                 = "openid profile email groups"
+	defaultUserIDClaim            = "sub"
+	sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv = "NB_IDP_SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY"
 )
 
 // EmbeddedIdPConfig contains configuration for the embedded Dex OIDC identity provider
@@ -49,8 +57,31 @@ type EmbeddedIdPConfig struct {
 	// Existing local users are preserved and will be able to login again if re-enabled.
 	// Cannot be enabled if no external identity provider connectors are configured.
 	LocalAuthDisabled bool
+	// MfaSessionMaxLifetime is the maximum MFA session duration from creation (e.g. "24h").
+	// Defaults to "24h" if empty.
+	MfaSessionMaxLifetime string
+	// MfaSessionIdleTimeout is the idle timeout after which the MFA session expires (e.g. "1h").
+	// Defaults to "1h" if empty.
+	MfaSessionIdleTimeout string
+	// MfaSessionRememberMe controls the default state of the "remember me" checkbox on the
+	// login screen. When true, the session cookie persists across browser tabs/restarts so
+	// MFA is not re-prompted until the session expires. Defaults to false.
+	MfaSessionRememberMe bool
+	// SessionCookieEncryptionKey is the optional AES key used to encrypt embedded IdP session cookies.
+	// It can also be set with NB_IDP_SESSION_COOKIE_ENCRYPTION_KEY. The value must be 16, 24, or 32
+	// bytes when provided as a raw string, or base64-encoded to one of those lengths.
+	SessionCookieEncryptionKey string
+	// Dashboard Post logout redirect URIs, these are required to tell
+	// Dex what to allow when an RP-Initiated logout is started by the frontend
+	// at least one of these must match the dashboard base URL or the dashboard
+	// DASHBOARD_POST_LOGOUT_URL environment variable
+	// WARNING: Dex only uses exact match, not wildcards
+	DashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs []string
 	// StaticConnectors are additional connectors to seed during initialization
 	StaticConnectors []dex.Connector
+	// GrantTypes restricts allowed OAuth2 grants; empty means all (Dex default). Omit the
+	// device_code grant to disable the device flow; keep authorization_code and refresh_token.
+	GrantTypes []string
 }
 
 // EmbeddedStorageConfig holds storage configuration for the embedded IdP.
@@ -115,10 +146,13 @@ func (c *EmbeddedIdPConfig) ToYAMLConfig() (*dex.YAMLConfig, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid IdP storage config: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Build CLI redirect URIs including the device callback (both relative and absolute)
+	// Build CLI redirect URIs including the device callback. Dex uses the issuer-relative
+	// path (for example, /oauth2/device/callback) when completing the device flow, so
+	// include it explicitly in addition to the legacy bare path and absolute URL.
 	cliRedirectURIs := c.CLIRedirectURIs
 	cliRedirectURIs = append(cliRedirectURIs, "/device/callback")
-	cliRedirectURIs = append(cliRedirectURIs, c.Issuer+"/device/callback")
+	cliRedirectURIs = append(cliRedirectURIs, issuerRelativeDeviceCallback(c.Issuer))
+	cliRedirectURIs = append(cliRedirectURIs, strings.TrimSuffix(c.Issuer, "/")+"/device/callback")
 
 	// Build dashboard redirect URIs including the OAuth callback for proxy authentication
 	dashboardRedirectURIs := c.DashboardRedirectURIs
@@ -126,6 +160,15 @@ func (c *EmbeddedIdPConfig) ToYAMLConfig() (*dex.YAMLConfig, error) {
 	// todo: resolve import cycle
 	dashboardRedirectURIs = append(dashboardRedirectURIs, baseURL+"/api/reverse-proxy/callback")
 
+	dashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs := c.DashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs
+	// It is safe to assume that most installations will share the location of the
+	// MGMT api and the dashboard, adding baseURL means less configuration for the instance admin
+	dashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs = append(dashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs, baseURL)
+
+	redirectURIs := make([]string, 0)
+	redirectURIs = append(redirectURIs, cliRedirectURIs...)
+	redirectURIs = append(redirectURIs, dashboardRedirectURIs...)
+
 	cfg := &dex.YAMLConfig{
 		Issuer: c.Issuer,
 		Storage: dex.Storage{
@@ -138,6 +181,7 @@ func (c *EmbeddedIdPConfig) ToYAMLConfig() (*dex.YAMLConfig, error) {
 		},
 		OAuth2: dex.OAuth2{
 			SkipApprovalScreen: true,
+			GrantTypes:         c.GrantTypes,
 		},
 		Frontend: dex.Frontend{
 			Issuer: "NetBird",
@@ -148,21 +192,28 @@ func (c *EmbeddedIdPConfig) ToYAMLConfig() (*dex.YAMLConfig, error) {
 		EnablePasswordDB: true,
 		StaticClients: []storage.Client{
 			{
-				ID:           staticClientDashboard,
-				Name:         "NetBird Dashboard",
-				Public:       true,
-				RedirectURIs: dashboardRedirectURIs,
+				ID:                     StaticClientDashboard,
+				Name:                   "NetBird Dashboard",
+				Public:                 true,
+				RedirectURIs:           redirectURIs,
+				PostLogoutRedirectURIs: sanitizePostLogoutRedirectURIs(dashboardPostLogoutRedirectURIs),
 			},
 			{
-				ID:           staticClientCLI,
+				ID:           StaticClientCLI,
 				Name:         "NetBird CLI",
 				Public:       true,
-				RedirectURIs: cliRedirectURIs,
+				RedirectURIs: redirectURIs,
 			},
 		},
 		StaticConnectors: c.StaticConnectors,
 	}
 
+	// Always initialize MFA providers and sessions so TOTP can be toggled at runtime.
+	// MFAChain on clients is NOT set here — it's synced from the DB setting on startup.
+	if err := configureMFA(cfg, c.MfaSessionMaxLifetime, c.MfaSessionIdleTimeout, c.MfaSessionRememberMe, c.SessionCookieEncryptionKey); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	// Add owner user if provided
 	if c.Owner != nil && c.Owner.Email != "" && c.Owner.Hash != "" {
 		username := c.Owner.Username
@@ -182,6 +233,108 @@ func (c *EmbeddedIdPConfig) ToYAMLConfig() (*dex.YAMLConfig, error) {
 	return cfg, nil
 }
 
+func issuerRelativeDeviceCallback(issuer string) string {
+	u, err := url.Parse(issuer)
+	if err != nil || u.Path == "" {
+		return "/device/callback"
+	}
+	return path.Join(u.Path, "/device/callback")
+}
+
+// Due to how the frontend generates the logout, sometimes it appends a trailing slash
+// and because Dex only allows exact matches, we need to make sure we always have both
+// versions of each provided uri
+func sanitizePostLogoutRedirectURIs(uris []string) []string {
+	result := make([]string, 0)
+	for _, uri := range uris {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(uri, "/") {
+			result = append(result, uri)
+			result = append(result, strings.TrimSuffix(uri, "/"))
+		} else {
+			result = append(result, uri)
+			result = append(result, uri+"/")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+func configureMFA(cfg *dex.YAMLConfig, sessionMaxLifetime, sessionIdleTimeout string, rememberMe bool, sessionCookieEncryptionKey string) error {
+	cfg.MFA.Authenticators = []dex.MFAAuthenticator{{
+		ID: DefaultTOTPAuthenticatorID,
+		// Has to be caps otherwise it will fail
+		Type: "TOTP",
+		Config: map[string]interface{}{
+			"issuer": "NetBird",
+		},
+		ConnectorTypes: []string{LocalConnectorID},
+	}}
+
+	if sessionMaxLifetime == "" {
+		sessionMaxLifetime = "24h"
+	}
+	if sessionIdleTimeout == "" {
+		sessionIdleTimeout = "1h"
+	}
+
+	cookieEncryptionKey, err := resolveSessionCookieEncryptionKey(sessionCookieEncryptionKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cfg.Sessions = &dex.Sessions{
+		CookieName:                 "netbird-session",
+		AbsoluteLifetime:           sessionMaxLifetime,
+		ValidIfNotUsedFor:          sessionIdleTimeout,
+		RememberMeCheckedByDefault: &rememberMe,
+		SSOSharedWithDefault:       "all",
+		CookieEncryptionKey:        cookieEncryptionKey,
+	}
+	// Absolutely required, otherwise the dex server will omit the MFA configuration entirely
+	os.Setenv("DEX_SESSIONS_ENABLED", "true")
+
+	// Note: MFAChain on clients is NOT set here.
+	// It is toggled at runtime via SetMFAEnabled() based on the account settings DB value.
+	return nil
+}
+
+func resolveSessionCookieEncryptionKey(configuredKey string) (string, error) {
+	key := strings.TrimSpace(configuredKey)
+	if key == "" {
+		key = strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv))
+	}
+	if key == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	if validSessionCookieEncryptionKeyLength(len([]byte(key))) {
+		return key, nil
+	}
+
+	for _, encoding := range []*base64.Encoding{
+		base64.StdEncoding,
+		base64.RawStdEncoding,
+		base64.URLEncoding,
+		base64.RawURLEncoding,
+	} {
+		decoded, err := encoding.DecodeString(key)
+		if err == nil && validSessionCookieEncryptionKeyLength(len(decoded)) {
+			return string(decoded), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid embedded IdP session cookie encryption key:%s (or sessionCookieEncryptionKey) must be 16, 24, or 32 bytes as a raw string or base64-encoded to one of those lengths; got %d raw bytes", sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv, len([]byte(key)))
+}
+
+func validSessionCookieEncryptionKeyLength(length int) bool {
+	switch length {
+	case 16, 24, 32:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 // Compile-time check that EmbeddedIdPManager implements Manager interface
 var _ Manager = (*EmbeddedIdPManager)(nil)
 
@@ -215,6 +368,7 @@ type EmbeddedIdPManager struct {
 	provider   *dex.Provider
 	appMetrics telemetry.AppMetrics
 	config     EmbeddedIdPConfig
+	mfaEnabled bool
 }
 
 // NewEmbeddedIdPManager creates a new instance of EmbeddedIdPManager from a configuration.
@@ -589,7 +743,7 @@ func (m *EmbeddedIdPManager) GetDefaultScopes() string {
 
 // GetCLIClientID returns the client ID for CLI authentication.
 func (m *EmbeddedIdPManager) GetCLIClientID() string {
-	return staticClientCLI
+	return StaticClientCLI
 }
 
 // GetCLIRedirectURLs returns the redirect URLs configured for the CLI client.
@@ -628,7 +782,7 @@ func (m *EmbeddedIdPManager) GetLocalKeysLocation() string {
 
 // GetClientIDs returns the OAuth2 client IDs configured for this provider.
 func (m *EmbeddedIdPManager) GetClientIDs() []string {
-	return []string{staticClientDashboard, staticClientCLI}
+	return []string{StaticClientDashboard, StaticClientCLI}
 }
 
 // GetUserIDClaim returns the JWT claim name used for user identification.
@@ -641,6 +795,27 @@ func (m *EmbeddedIdPManager) IsLocalAuthDisabled() bool {
 	return m.config.LocalAuthDisabled
 }
 
+// SetMFAEnabled enables or disables TOTP MFA for local users by updating the MFAChain on OAuth2 clients.
+func (m *EmbeddedIdPManager) SetMFAEnabled(ctx context.Context, enabled bool) error {
+	var mfaChain []string
+	if enabled {
+		mfaChain = []string{DefaultTOTPAuthenticatorID}
+	}
+	if err := m.provider.SetClientsMFAChain(ctx, []string{
+		StaticClientCLI,
+		StaticClientDashboard,
+	}, mfaChain); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set MFA enabled=%v: %w", enabled, err)
+	}
+	m.mfaEnabled = enabled
+	return nil
+}
+
+// IsMFAEnabled returns whether TOTP MFA is currently enabled for local users.
+func (m *EmbeddedIdPManager) IsMFAEnabled() bool {
+	return m.mfaEnabled
+}
+
 // HasNonLocalConnectors checks if there are any identity provider connectors other than local.
 func (m *EmbeddedIdPManager) HasNonLocalConnectors(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
 	return m.provider.HasNonLocalConnectors(ctx)
diff --git a/management/server/idp/embedded_test.go b/management/server/idp/embedded_test.go
index 4dda483fb..cf3fcf7ff 100644
--- a/management/server/idp/embedded_test.go
+++ b/management/server/idp/embedded_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package idp
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
@@ -313,6 +314,100 @@ func TestEmbeddedIdPManager_UpdateUserPassword(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestEmbeddedIdPConfig_ToYAMLConfig_IncludesDeviceCallbackRedirectURI(t *testing.T) {
+	config := &EmbeddedIdPConfig{
+		Enabled: true,
+		Issuer:  "https://example.com/oauth2",
+		Storage: EmbeddedStorageConfig{
+			Type: "sqlite3",
+			Config: EmbeddedStorageTypeConfig{
+				File: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "dex.db"),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	yamlConfig, err := config.ToYAMLConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var cliRedirectURIs []string
+	for _, client := range yamlConfig.StaticClients {
+		if client.ID == StaticClientCLI {
+			cliRedirectURIs = client.RedirectURIs
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotEmpty(t, cliRedirectURIs)
+	assert.Contains(t, cliRedirectURIs, "/device/callback")
+	assert.Contains(t, cliRedirectURIs, "/oauth2/device/callback")
+	assert.Contains(t, cliRedirectURIs, "https://example.com/oauth2/device/callback")
+}
+
+func TestEmbeddedIdPConfig_ToYAMLConfig_SessionCookieEncryptionKey(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv, "")
+
+	rawKey := "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
+	config := &EmbeddedIdPConfig{
+		Enabled:                    true,
+		Issuer:                     "http://localhost:5556/dex",
+		SessionCookieEncryptionKey: base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(rawKey)),
+		Storage: EmbeddedStorageConfig{
+			Type: "sqlite3",
+			Config: EmbeddedStorageTypeConfig{
+				File: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "dex.db"),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	yamlConfig, err := config.ToYAMLConfig()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, yamlConfig.Sessions)
+	assert.Equal(t, rawKey, yamlConfig.Sessions.CookieEncryptionKey)
+}
+
+func TestResolveSessionCookieEncryptionKey(t *testing.T) {
+	rawKey := "0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef"
+
+	t.Run("uses raw configured key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv, "")
+
+		key, err := resolveSessionCookieEncryptionKey(rawKey)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, rawKey, key)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("uses base64 configured key", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv, "")
+
+		key, err := resolveSessionCookieEncryptionKey(base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(rawKey)))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, rawKey, key)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("falls back to env var", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv, rawKey)
+
+		key, err := resolveSessionCookieEncryptionKey("")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, rawKey, key)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty key disables encryption", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv, "")
+
+		key, err := resolveSessionCookieEncryptionKey("")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, key)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rejects invalid key length", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv, "")
+
+		_, err := resolveSessionCookieEncryptionKey("32")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), sessionCookieEncryptionKeyEnv)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestEmbeddedIdPManager_GetLocalKeysLocation(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
diff --git a/management/server/idp/migration/migration.go b/management/server/idp/migration/migration.go
index 01cadb86d..bec0de84c 100644
--- a/management/server/idp/migration/migration.go
+++ b/management/server/idp/migration/migration.go
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
@@ -25,8 +27,10 @@ type Server interface {
 	EventStore() EventStore // may return nil
 }
 
-const idpSeedInfoKey = "IDP_SEED_INFO"
-const dryRunEnvKey = "NB_IDP_MIGRATION_DRY_RUN"
+const (
+	idpSeedInfoKey = "IDP_SEED_INFO"
+	dryRunEnvKey   = "NB_IDP_MIGRATION_DRY_RUN"
+)
 
 func isDryRun() bool {
 	return os.Getenv(dryRunEnvKey) == "true"
@@ -233,3 +237,163 @@ func PopulateUserInfo(s Server, idpManager idp.Manager, dryRun bool) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+const DefaultSingleAccountDomain = "netbird.selfhosted"
+
+var (
+	ErrMultipleAccounts = errors.New("the embedded IdP supports a single account only")
+	ErrUnusableDomain   = errors.New("domain cannot be resolved in single account mode")
+	ErrDomainConflict   = errors.New("requested domain conflicts with the account domain")
+)
+
+var resolvableDomainRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^([a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*\.)+[a-z]{2,}$`)
+
+// RequireSingleAccount refuses to migrate an instance that holds more than one account.
+func RequireSingleAccount(s Server) error {
+	accountsCounter, err := s.Store().GetAccountsCounter(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to count accounts: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if accountsCounter > 1 {
+		return errMultipleAccounts(accountsCounter)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func errMultipleAccounts(accountsCounter int64) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("%w: this instance has %d accounts. Identity provider connectors are stored without "+
+		"an account scope, so every account would share and be able to manage the same connectors. "+
+		"Consolidate this instance to a single account, or keep using an external IdP, before migrating",
+		ErrMultipleAccounts, accountsCounter)
+}
+
+func NormalizeSingleAccountDomain(singleAccountDomain string) (string, error) {
+	if singleAccountDomain == "" {
+		singleAccountDomain = DefaultSingleAccountDomain
+	}
+
+	singleAccountDomain = strings.ToLower(singleAccountDomain)
+	if !resolvableDomainRegexp.MatchString(singleAccountDomain) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %q must contain at least one dot and only lowercase letters, digits and "+
+			"hyphens, otherwise users cannot join the existing account", ErrUnusableDomain, singleAccountDomain)
+	}
+
+	return singleAccountDomain, nil
+}
+
+// resolveAccountDomain picks the domain the account should end up with. The account keeps a usable
+// domain of its own, the configured one only fills a blank. Anything else is a conflict to report.
+func resolveAccountDomain(accountID, accountDomain, singleAccountDomain string, requested bool) (string, error) {
+	accountDomain = strings.ToLower(accountDomain)
+
+	if accountDomain == "" {
+		return singleAccountDomain, nil
+	}
+
+	if !resolvableDomainRegexp.MatchString(accountDomain) {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: account %s has domain %q, which must contain at least one dot and only "+
+			"lowercase letters, digits and hyphens. Correct the account domain before migrating",
+			ErrUnusableDomain, accountID, accountDomain)
+	}
+
+	if requested && accountDomain != singleAccountDomain {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: account %s already uses domain %q but %q was requested. Re-run without "+
+			"--single-account-mode-domain to keep %q, or correct the account domain first",
+			ErrDomainConflict, accountID, accountDomain, singleAccountDomain, accountDomain)
+	}
+
+	return accountDomain, nil
+}
+
+// EnsureSingleAccountDomain gives the remaining account the domain attributes single account mode
+// resolves against, so users can still join it after the migration.
+func EnsureSingleAccountDomain(s Server, singleAccountDomain string) error {
+	plan, err := planSingleAccountDomain(s, singleAccountDomain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if plan.skip {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if isDryRun() {
+		log.Infof("[DRY RUN] would set account %s domain to %q, category to %q and mark it as the primary domain account "+
+			"(currently domain=%q primary=%v)", plan.accountID, plan.domain, types.PrivateCategory,
+			plan.currentDomain, plan.isPrimary)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := s.Store().UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(context.Background(), plan.accountID, plan.domain,
+		types.PrivateCategory, true); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update domain attributes of account %s: %w", plan.accountID, err)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("account %s now resolves in single account mode with domain %q", plan.accountID, plan.domain)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CheckSingleAccountDomain reports whether EnsureSingleAccountDomain would succeed, without writing.
+func CheckSingleAccountDomain(s Server, singleAccountDomain string) error {
+	_, err := planSingleAccountDomain(s, singleAccountDomain)
+	return err
+}
+
+type singleAccountDomainPlan struct {
+	accountID     string
+	domain        string
+	currentDomain string
+	isPrimary     bool
+	skip          bool
+}
+
+// planSingleAccountDomain decides what the account's domain attributes should become. It reads
+// only, so it can run both as a preflight and as the first half of the update.
+func planSingleAccountDomain(s Server, singleAccountDomain string) (singleAccountDomainPlan, error) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// An empty value means the operator did not pick a domain, so the default is only a fallback.
+	requested := singleAccountDomain != ""
+
+	singleAccountDomain, err := NormalizeSingleAccountDomain(singleAccountDomain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return singleAccountDomainPlan{}, err
+	}
+
+	accountsCounter, err := s.Store().GetAccountsCounter(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return singleAccountDomainPlan{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to count accounts: %w", err)
+	}
+	// The count is checked again here: it is read long after RequireSingleAccount, and marking an
+	// arbitrary account as the primary one for the domain would be wrong.
+	switch {
+	case accountsCounter == 0:
+		log.Info("no accounts yet, nothing to prepare for single account mode")
+		return singleAccountDomainPlan{skip: true}, nil
+	case accountsCounter > 1:
+		return singleAccountDomainPlan{}, errMultipleAccounts(accountsCounter)
+	}
+
+	accountID, err := s.Store().GetAnyAccountID(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return singleAccountDomainPlan{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get the existing account: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	isPrimary, accountDomain, err := s.Store().IsPrimaryAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return singleAccountDomainPlan{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to read domain attributes of account %s: %w", accountID, err)
+	}
+
+	domain, err := resolveAccountDomain(accountID, accountDomain, singleAccountDomain, requested)
+	if err != nil {
+		return singleAccountDomainPlan{}, err
+	}
+
+	return singleAccountDomainPlan{
+		accountID:     accountID,
+		domain:        domain,
+		currentDomain: accountDomain,
+		isPrimary:     isPrimary,
+	}, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/idp/migration/migration_test.go b/management/server/idp/migration/migration_test.go
index 2ff71347e..f6a436015 100644
--- a/management/server/idp/migration/migration_test.go
+++ b/management/server/idp/migration/migration_test.go
@@ -24,6 +24,17 @@ type testStore struct {
 	checkSchemaFunc    func(checks []SchemaCheck) []SchemaError
 	updateCalls        []updateUserIDCall
 	updateInfoCalls    []updateUserInfoCall
+
+	accountsCounter int64
+	accounts        map[string]*types.Account
+	domainAttrCalls []domainAttrCall
+}
+
+type domainAttrCall struct {
+	AccountID string
+	Domain    string
+	Category  string
+	IsPrimary bool
 }
 
 type updateUserIDCall struct {
@@ -38,6 +49,35 @@ type updateUserInfoCall struct {
 	Name   string
 }
 
+func (s *testStore) GetAccountsCounter(context.Context) (int64, error) {
+	return s.accountsCounter, nil
+}
+
+func (s *testStore) GetAnyAccountID(context.Context) (string, error) {
+	for id := range s.accounts {
+		return id, nil
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("no accounts")
+}
+
+func (s *testStore) IsPrimaryAccount(_ context.Context, accountID string) (bool, string, error) {
+	account, ok := s.accounts[accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		return false, "", fmt.Errorf("account %s not found", accountID)
+	}
+	return account.IsDomainPrimaryAccount, account.Domain, nil
+}
+
+func (s *testStore) UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(_ context.Context, accountID, domain, category string, isPrimaryDomain bool) error {
+	s.domainAttrCalls = append(s.domainAttrCalls, domainAttrCall{accountID, domain, category, isPrimaryDomain})
+	if account, ok := s.accounts[accountID]; ok {
+		account.Domain = domain
+		account.DomainCategory = category
+		account.IsDomainPrimaryAccount = isPrimaryDomain
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *testStore) ListUsers(ctx context.Context) ([]*types.User, error) {
 	return s.listUsersFunc(ctx)
 }
@@ -826,3 +866,212 @@ func TestCheckSchema_MockStore(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "email", errs[0].Column)
 	})
 }
+
+func TestRequireSingleAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		accounts  int64
+		expectErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "fresh install", accounts: 0},
+		{name: "single account", accounts: 1},
+		{name: "multiple accounts", accounts: 3, expectErr: true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			srv := &testServer{store: &testStore{accountsCounter: tt.accounts}}
+
+			err := RequireSingleAccount(srv)
+			if !tt.expectErr {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrMultipleAccounts)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsureSingleAccountDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name            string
+		account         *types.Account
+		requestedDomain string
+		expectedDomain  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "account migrated from an IdP without domain claims",
+			account:        &types.Account{Id: "account-1"},
+			expectedDomain: DefaultSingleAccountDomain,
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "requested domain is applied to an account without one",
+			account:         &types.Account{Id: "account-1"},
+			requestedDomain: "corp.example.com",
+			expectedDomain:  "corp.example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "account keeps its own domain",
+			account:        &types.Account{Id: "account-1", Domain: "acme.com"},
+			expectedDomain: "acme.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:            "requesting the domain the account already has is not a conflict",
+			account:         &types.Account{Id: "account-1", Domain: "acme.com"},
+			requestedDomain: "acme.com",
+			expectedDomain:  "acme.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "already resolvable account is rewritten with the same values",
+			account: &types.Account{
+				Id:                     "account-1",
+				Domain:                 "acme.com",
+				DomainCategory:         types.PrivateCategory,
+				IsDomainPrimaryAccount: true,
+			},
+			expectedDomain: "acme.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			store := &testStore{
+				accountsCounter: 1,
+				accounts:        map[string]*types.Account{tt.account.Id: tt.account},
+			}
+
+			require.NoError(t, EnsureSingleAccountDomain(&testServer{store: store}, tt.requestedDomain))
+
+			require.Len(t, store.domainAttrCalls, 1)
+			assert.Equal(t, domainAttrCall{
+				AccountID: tt.account.Id,
+				Domain:    tt.expectedDomain,
+				Category:  types.PrivateCategory,
+				IsPrimary: true,
+			}, store.domainAttrCalls[0])
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnsureSingleAccountDomainDryRun(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(dryRunEnvKey, "true")
+
+	store := &testStore{
+		accountsCounter: 1,
+		accounts:        map[string]*types.Account{"account-1": {Id: "account-1"}},
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, EnsureSingleAccountDomain(&testServer{store: store}, ""))
+	assert.Empty(t, store.domainAttrCalls, "Dry run must not write anything")
+}
+
+func TestEnsureSingleAccountDomainRejectsUnresolvableDomains(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("account domain that cannot resolve is reported", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &types.Account{Id: "account-1", Domain: "corp"}
+		store := &testStore{
+			accountsCounter: 1,
+			accounts:        map[string]*types.Account{account.Id: account},
+		}
+
+		err := EnsureSingleAccountDomain(&testServer{store: store}, "")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnusableDomain)
+		assert.Empty(t, store.domainAttrCalls, "A broken account domain must not be replaced silently")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("requested domain conflicting with the account domain is reported", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &types.Account{Id: "account-1", Domain: "acme.com"}
+		store := &testStore{
+			accountsCounter: 1,
+			accounts:        map[string]*types.Account{account.Id: account},
+		}
+
+		err := EnsureSingleAccountDomain(&testServer{store: store}, "corp.example.com")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrDomainConflict)
+		assert.Empty(t, store.domainAttrCalls, "A conflict must not overwrite the account domain")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("configured domain that cannot resolve is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := &testStore{
+			accountsCounter: 1,
+			accounts:        map[string]*types.Account{"account-1": {Id: "account-1"}},
+		}
+
+		err := EnsureSingleAccountDomain(&testServer{store: store}, "corp")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrUnusableDomain)
+		assert.Empty(t, store.domainAttrCalls)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("account appearing after the preflight is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := &testStore{
+			accountsCounter: 2,
+			accounts: map[string]*types.Account{
+				"account-1": {Id: "account-1"},
+				"account-2": {Id: "account-2"},
+			},
+		}
+
+		err := EnsureSingleAccountDomain(&testServer{store: store}, "")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrMultipleAccounts)
+		assert.Empty(t, store.domainAttrCalls, "No account may be marked primary when several exist")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("fresh install with no accounts is a no-op", func(t *testing.T) {
+		store := &testStore{accountsCounter: 0, accounts: map[string]*types.Account{}}
+
+		require.NoError(t, EnsureSingleAccountDomain(&testServer{store: store}, ""))
+		assert.Empty(t, store.domainAttrCalls)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestCheckSingleAccountDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		account   *types.Account
+		requested string
+		expectErr error
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "usable account domain passes",
+			account: &types.Account{Id: "account-1", Domain: "acme.com"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty account domain passes",
+			account: &types.Account{Id: "account-1"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "unresolvable account domain fails",
+			account:   &types.Account{Id: "account-1", Domain: "corp"},
+			expectErr: ErrUnusableDomain,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "conflicting request fails",
+			account:   &types.Account{Id: "account-1", Domain: "acme.com"},
+			requested: "corp.example.com",
+			expectErr: ErrDomainConflict,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			store := &testStore{
+				accountsCounter: 1,
+				accounts:        map[string]*types.Account{tt.account.Id: tt.account},
+			}
+
+			err := CheckSingleAccountDomain(&testServer{store: store}, tt.requested)
+			if tt.expectErr == nil {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			} else {
+				require.ErrorIs(t, err, tt.expectErr)
+			}
+
+			assert.Empty(t, store.domainAttrCalls, "The preflight must not write anything")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/idp/migration/store.go b/management/server/idp/migration/store.go
index e7cc54a41..868597a1d 100644
--- a/management/server/idp/migration/store.go
+++ b/management/server/idp/migration/store.go
@@ -60,6 +60,20 @@ type Store interface {
 	// CheckSchema verifies that all tables and columns required by the migration
 	// exist in the database. Returns a list of problems; an empty slice means OK.
 	CheckSchema(checks []SchemaCheck) []SchemaError
+
+	// GetAccountsCounter returns the total number of accounts in the store.
+	GetAccountsCounter(ctx context.Context) (int64, error)
+
+	// GetAnyAccountID returns the ID of one of the existing accounts.
+	GetAnyAccountID(ctx context.Context) (string, error)
+
+	// IsPrimaryAccount returns whether the account is the primary account for its domain,
+	// along with that domain.
+	IsPrimaryAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (bool, string, error)
+
+	// UpdateAccountDomainAttributes sets the domain, domain category and primary
+	// domain flag of an account.
+	UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(ctx context.Context, accountID string, domain string, category string, isPrimaryDomain bool) error
 }
 
 // RequiredEventSchema lists all tables and columns that the migration tool needs
diff --git a/management/server/idp/util.go b/management/server/idp/util.go
index ed82fb9e3..6545c2a69 100644
--- a/management/server/idp/util.go
+++ b/management/server/idp/util.go
@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package idp
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
-	"math/rand"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -33,31 +34,32 @@ func GeneratePassword(passwordLength, minSpecialChar, minNum, minUpperCase int)
 
 	//Set special character
 	for i := 0; i < minSpecialChar; i++ {
-		random := rand.Intn(len(specialCharSet))
+		random := util.RandIntn(len(specialCharSet))
 		password.WriteString(string(specialCharSet[random]))
 	}
 
 	//Set numeric
 	for i := 0; i < minNum; i++ {
-		random := rand.Intn(len(numberSet))
+		random := util.RandIntn(len(numberSet))
 		password.WriteString(string(numberSet[random]))
 	}
 
 	//Set uppercase
 	for i := 0; i < minUpperCase; i++ {
-		random := rand.Intn(len(upperCharSet))
+		random := util.RandIntn(len(upperCharSet))
 		password.WriteString(string(upperCharSet[random]))
 	}
 
 	remainingLength := passwordLength - minSpecialChar - minNum - minUpperCase
 	for i := 0; i < remainingLength; i++ {
-		random := rand.Intn(len(allCharSet))
+		random := util.RandIntn(len(allCharSet))
 		password.WriteString(string(allCharSet[random]))
 	}
 	inRune := []rune(password.String())
-	rand.Shuffle(len(inRune), func(i, j int) {
+	for i := len(inRune) - 1; i > 0; i-- {
+		j := util.RandIntn(i + 1)
 		inRune[i], inRune[j] = inRune[j], inRune[i]
-	})
+	}
 	return string(inRune)
 }
 
diff --git a/management/server/instance/manager.go b/management/server/instance/manager.go
index 9579d7a35..2c355bb3b 100644
--- a/management/server/instance/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/instance/manager.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
 	goversion "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
@@ -60,6 +61,13 @@ type Manager interface {
 	// This should only be called when IsSetupRequired returns true.
 	CreateOwnerUser(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error)
 
+	// RollbackSetup reverses a successful CreateOwnerUser by deleting the user
+	// from the embedded IDP and reloading setupRequired from persistent state, so
+	// /api/setup can be retried only when no accounts or local users remain. Used
+	// when post-user steps (account or PAT creation) fail and the caller wants a
+	// clean slate.
+	RollbackSetup(ctx context.Context, userID string) error
+
 	// GetVersionInfo returns version information for NetBird components.
 	GetVersionInfo(ctx context.Context) (*VersionInfo, error)
 }
@@ -70,6 +78,7 @@ type instanceStore interface {
 
 type embeddedIdP interface {
 	CreateUserWithPassword(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error)
+	DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) error
 	GetAllAccounts(ctx context.Context) (map[string][]*idp.UserData, error)
 }
 
@@ -187,6 +196,51 @@ func (m *DefaultManager) CreateOwnerUser(ctx context.Context, email, password, n
 	return userData, nil
 }
 
+// RollbackSetup undoes a successful CreateOwnerUser: deletes the user from the
+// embedded IDP and reloads setupRequired from persistent state.
+func (m *DefaultManager) RollbackSetup(ctx context.Context, userID string) error {
+	if m.embeddedIdpManager == nil {
+		return errors.New("embedded IDP is not enabled")
+	}
+
+	var deleteErr error
+	if err := m.embeddedIdpManager.DeleteUser(ctx, userID); err != nil {
+		if isNotFoundError(err) {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("setup rollback user %s already deleted", userID)
+		} else {
+			deleteErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user from embedded IdP: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := m.loadSetupRequired(ctx); err != nil {
+		reloadErr := fmt.Errorf("failed to reload setup state after rollback: %w", err)
+		if deleteErr != nil {
+			return errors.Join(deleteErr, reloadErr)
+		}
+		return reloadErr
+	}
+
+	if deleteErr != nil {
+		return deleteErr
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("rolled back setup for user %s", userID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func isNotFoundError(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, storage.ErrNotFound) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok {
+		return s.Type() == status.NotFound
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (m *DefaultManager) checkSetupRequiredFromDB(ctx context.Context) error {
 	numAccounts, err := m.store.GetAccountsCounter(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/management/server/instance/manager_test.go b/management/server/instance/manager_test.go
index 6c1c92fdf..5ffb016de 100644
--- a/management/server/instance/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/server/instance/manager_test.go
@@ -10,15 +10,18 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/dexidp/dex/storage"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
 type mockIdP struct {
 	mu                sync.Mutex
 	createUserFunc    func(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error)
+	deleteUserFunc    func(ctx context.Context, userID string) error
 	users             map[string][]*idp.UserData
 	getAllAccountsErr error
 }
@@ -30,6 +33,13 @@ func (m *mockIdP) CreateUserWithPassword(ctx context.Context, email, password, n
 	return &idp.UserData{ID: "test-user-id", Email: email, Name: name}, nil
 }
 
+func (m *mockIdP) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) error {
+	if m.deleteUserFunc != nil {
+		return m.deleteUserFunc(ctx, userID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *mockIdP) GetAllAccounts(_ context.Context) (map[string][]*idp.UserData, error) {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
@@ -223,6 +233,77 @@ func TestIsSetupRequired_ReturnsFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.False(t, required)
 }
 
+func TestRollbackSetup_UserAlreadyDeletedIsSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "management status not found",
+			err:  status.NewUserNotFoundError("owner-id"),
+		},
+		{
+			name: "dex storage not found",
+			err:  fmt.Errorf("failed to get user for deletion: %w", storage.ErrNotFound),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			idpMock := &mockIdP{
+				deleteUserFunc: func(_ context.Context, userID string) error {
+					assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", userID)
+					return tt.err
+				},
+			}
+			mgr := newTestManager(idpMock, &mockStore{})
+			mgr.setupRequired = false
+
+			err := mgr.RollbackSetup(context.Background(), "owner-id")
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			required, err := mgr.IsSetupRequired(context.Background())
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.True(t, required, "setup should be required when no accounts or local users remain")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRollbackSetup_RecomputesSetupStateWhenAccountStillExists(t *testing.T) {
+	idpMock := &mockIdP{
+		deleteUserFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) error {
+			return status.NewUserNotFoundError("owner-id")
+		},
+	}
+	mgr := newTestManager(idpMock, &mockStore{accountsCount: 1})
+	mgr.setupRequired = true
+
+	err := mgr.RollbackSetup(context.Background(), "owner-id")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	required, err := mgr.IsSetupRequired(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, required, "setup should not be required while an account still exists")
+}
+
+func TestRollbackSetup_ReturnsDeleteErrorButReloadsSetupState(t *testing.T) {
+	idpMock := &mockIdP{
+		deleteUserFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ string) error {
+			return errors.New("idp unavailable")
+		},
+	}
+	mgr := newTestManager(idpMock, &mockStore{})
+	mgr.setupRequired = false
+
+	err := mgr.RollbackSetup(context.Background(), "owner-id")
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "idp unavailable")
+
+	required, err := mgr.IsSetupRequired(context.Background())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, required, "setup state should be reloaded even when user deletion fails")
+}
+
 func TestDefaultManager_ValidateSetupRequest(t *testing.T) {
 	manager := &DefaultManager{setupRequired: true}
 
diff --git a/management/server/instance/setup_service.go b/management/server/instance/setup_service.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92a4923be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/instance/setup_service.go
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+package instance
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+const (
+	setupPATTokenName = "setup-token"
+
+	// SetupPATEnabledEnvKey enables setup-time Personal Access Token creation.
+	SetupPATEnabledEnvKey = "NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED"
+
+	setupPATDefaultExpireDays = 1
+)
+
+// SetupOptions controls optional work performed during initial instance setup.
+type SetupOptions struct {
+	// CreatePAT requests creation of a setup Personal Access Token. It is honored
+	// only when SetupPATEnabledEnvKey is set to "true".
+	CreatePAT bool
+	// PATExpireInDays defaults to 1 day when CreatePAT is requested and setup PAT
+	// creation is enabled.
+	PATExpireInDays *int
+}
+
+// SetupResult contains resources created during initial instance setup.
+type SetupResult struct {
+	User          *idp.UserData
+	PATPlainToken string
+}
+
+// SetupService orchestrates the initial setup use case across the instance and
+// account bounded contexts and owns the compensation logic when a later step
+// fails.
+type SetupService struct {
+	instanceManager Manager
+	accountManager  account.Manager
+	setupPATEnabled bool
+}
+
+// NewSetupService creates a setup use-case service.
+func NewSetupService(instanceManager Manager, accountManager account.Manager) *SetupService {
+	return &SetupService{
+		instanceManager: instanceManager,
+		accountManager:  accountManager,
+		setupPATEnabled: os.Getenv(SetupPATEnabledEnvKey) == "true",
+	}
+}
+
+func normalizeSetupOptions(opts SetupOptions, setupPATEnabled bool) (SetupOptions, error) {
+	if !opts.CreatePAT {
+		return opts, nil
+	}
+
+	if !setupPATEnabled {
+		opts.CreatePAT = false
+		opts.PATExpireInDays = nil
+		return opts, nil
+	}
+
+	if opts.PATExpireInDays == nil {
+		defaultExpireInDays := setupPATDefaultExpireDays
+		opts.PATExpireInDays = &defaultExpireInDays
+	}
+
+	if *opts.PATExpireInDays < account.PATMinExpireDays || *opts.PATExpireInDays > account.PATMaxExpireDays {
+		return opts, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "pat_expire_in must be between %d and %d", account.PATMinExpireDays, account.PATMaxExpireDays)
+	}
+
+	return opts, nil
+}
+
+// SetupOwner creates the initial owner user and, when requested and enabled by
+// SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, provisions the account and a setup Personal Access
+// Token. If account or PAT provisioning fails, created resources are rolled
+// back so setup can be retried. If account rollback fails, user rollback is
+// skipped to avoid leaving an account without its owner user.
+func (m *SetupService) SetupOwner(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string, opts SetupOptions) (*SetupResult, error) {
+	opts, err := normalizeSetupOptions(opts, m.setupPATEnabled)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if opts.CreatePAT && m.accountManager == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("account manager is required to create setup PAT")
+	}
+
+	userData, err := m.instanceManager.CreateOwnerUser(ctx, email, password, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	result := &SetupResult{User: userData}
+	if !opts.CreatePAT {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	userAuth := auth.UserAuth{
+		UserId: userData.ID,
+		Email:  userData.Email,
+		Name:   userData.Name,
+	}
+
+	accountID, err := m.accountManager.GetAccountIDByUserID(ctx, userAuth)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("create account for setup user: %w", err)
+		if rollbackErr := m.rollbackSetup(ctx, userData.ID, "account provisioning failed", err, ""); rollbackErr != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w; failed to roll back setup resources: %v", err, rollbackErr)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	pat, err := m.accountManager.CreatePAT(ctx, accountID, userData.ID, userData.ID, setupPATTokenName, *opts.PATExpireInDays)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("create setup PAT: %w", err)
+		if rollbackErr := m.rollbackSetup(ctx, userData.ID, "setup PAT provisioning failed", err, accountID); rollbackErr != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w; failed to roll back setup resources: %v", err, rollbackErr)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	result.PATPlainToken = pat.PlainToken
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (m *SetupService) rollbackSetup(ctx context.Context, userID, reason string, origErr error, accountID string) error {
+	if accountID == "" {
+		resolvedAccountID, err := m.lookupSetupAccountIDForRollback(ctx, userID)
+		if err != nil {
+			rollbackErr := fmt.Errorf("resolve setup account for rollback: %w", err)
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to resolve setup account for user %s after %s: original error: %v, rollback error: %v", userID, reason, origErr, rollbackErr)
+			return rollbackErr
+		}
+		accountID = resolvedAccountID
+	}
+
+	if accountID != "" {
+		if err := m.rollbackSetupAccount(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
+			rollbackErr := fmt.Errorf("roll back setup account %s: %w", accountID, err)
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to roll back setup account %s for user %s after %s: original error: %v, rollback error: %v", accountID, userID, reason, origErr, rollbackErr)
+			return rollbackErr
+		}
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("rolled back setup account %s for user %s after %s: %v", accountID, userID, reason, origErr)
+	}
+
+	if err := m.instanceManager.RollbackSetup(ctx, userID); err != nil {
+		rollbackErr := fmt.Errorf("roll back setup user %s: %w", userID, err)
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to roll back setup user %s after %s: original error: %v, rollback error: %v", userID, reason, origErr, rollbackErr)
+		return rollbackErr
+	}
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("rolled back setup user %s after %s: %v", userID, reason, origErr)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *SetupService) lookupSetupAccountIDForRollback(ctx context.Context, userID string) (string, error) {
+	if m.accountManager == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("account manager is required to resolve setup account")
+	}
+
+	accountStore := m.accountManager.GetStore()
+	if accountStore == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("account store is unavailable")
+	}
+
+	accountID, err := accountStore.GetAccountIDByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if isNotFoundError(err) {
+			return "", nil
+		}
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("get setup account ID for rollback: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return accountID, nil
+}
+
+// rollbackSetupAccount removes only the setup-created account data from the
+// store. It intentionally avoids accountManager.DeleteAccount because the normal
+// account deletion path also deletes users from the IdP; embedded IdP cleanup is
+// owned by instanceManager.RollbackSetup.
+func (m *SetupService) rollbackSetupAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
+	if m.accountManager == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("account manager is required to roll back setup account")
+	}
+
+	accountStore := m.accountManager.GetStore()
+	if accountStore == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("account store is unavailable")
+	}
+
+	account, err := accountStore.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if isNotFoundError(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("get setup account for rollback: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := accountStore.DeleteAccount(ctx, account); err != nil {
+		if isNotFoundError(err) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("delete setup account for rollback: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/instance/setup_service_test.go b/management/server/instance/setup_service_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af3a91b75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/instance/setup_service_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+package instance
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/mock_server"
+	nbstore "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+type setupInstanceManagerMock struct {
+	createOwnerUserFn func(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error)
+	rollbackSetupFn   func(ctx context.Context, userID string) error
+}
+
+func (m *setupInstanceManagerMock) IsSetupRequired(context.Context) (bool, error) {
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (m *setupInstanceManagerMock) CreateOwnerUser(ctx context.Context, email, password, name string) (*idp.UserData, error) {
+	if m.createOwnerUserFn != nil {
+		return m.createOwnerUserFn(ctx, email, password, name)
+	}
+	return &idp.UserData{ID: "owner-id", Email: email, Name: name}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *setupInstanceManagerMock) RollbackSetup(ctx context.Context, userID string) error {
+	if m.rollbackSetupFn != nil {
+		return m.rollbackSetupFn(ctx, userID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *setupInstanceManagerMock) GetVersionInfo(context.Context) (*VersionInfo, error) {
+	return &VersionInfo{}, nil
+}
+
+var _ Manager = (*setupInstanceManagerMock)(nil)
+
+func intPtr(v int) *int {
+	return &v
+}
+
+func TestSetupOwner_PATFeatureDisabled_IgnoresCreatePAT(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "false")
+
+	createCalls := 0
+	setupManager := NewSetupService(
+		&setupInstanceManagerMock{
+			createOwnerUserFn: func(_ context.Context, email, _, name string) (*idp.UserData, error) {
+				createCalls++
+				return &idp.UserData{ID: "owner-id", Email: email, Name: name}, nil
+			},
+		},
+		&mock_server.MockAccountManager{},
+	)
+
+	result, err := setupManager.SetupOwner(context.Background(), "admin@example.com", "securepassword123", "Admin", SetupOptions{
+		CreatePAT: true,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", result.User.ID)
+	assert.Empty(t, result.PATPlainToken)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, createCalls)
+}
+
+func TestSetupOwner_PATFeatureEnabled_MissingExpireDefaultsToOneDay(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	createCalled := false
+	setupManager := NewSetupService(
+		&setupInstanceManagerMock{
+			createOwnerUserFn: func(_ context.Context, email, _, name string) (*idp.UserData, error) {
+				createCalled = true
+				return &idp.UserData{ID: "owner-id", Email: email, Name: name}, nil
+			},
+		},
+		&mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+			GetAccountIDByUserIdFunc: func(_ context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) (string, error) {
+				assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", userAuth.UserId)
+				return "acc-1", nil
+			},
+			CreatePATFunc: func(_ context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenName string, expiresIn int) (*types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated, error) {
+				assert.Equal(t, "acc-1", accountID)
+				assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", initiatorUserID)
+				assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", targetUserID)
+				assert.Equal(t, setupPATTokenName, tokenName)
+				assert.Equal(t, setupPATDefaultExpireDays, expiresIn)
+				return &types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated{PlainToken: "nbp_plain"}, nil
+			},
+		},
+	)
+
+	result, err := setupManager.SetupOwner(context.Background(), "admin@example.com", "securepassword123", "Admin", SetupOptions{
+		CreatePAT: true,
+	})
+
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	assert.True(t, createCalled)
+	assert.Equal(t, "nbp_plain", result.PATPlainToken)
+}
+
+func TestSetupOwner_PATFeatureEnabled_MissingAccountManagerFailsBeforeCreateUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	createCalled := false
+	rollbackCalled := false
+	setupManager := NewSetupService(
+		&setupInstanceManagerMock{
+			createOwnerUserFn: func(_ context.Context, email, _, name string) (*idp.UserData, error) {
+				createCalled = true
+				return &idp.UserData{ID: "owner-id", Email: email, Name: name}, nil
+			},
+			rollbackSetupFn: func(_ context.Context, _ string) error {
+				rollbackCalled = true
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+		nil,
+	)
+
+	result, err := setupManager.SetupOwner(context.Background(), "admin@example.com", "securepassword123", "Admin", SetupOptions{
+		CreatePAT: true,
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "account manager is required")
+	assert.False(t, createCalled)
+	assert.False(t, rollbackCalled)
+}
+
+func TestSetupOwner_AccountProvisioningFails_RollsBackSideEffectAccountAndUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	accountStore := nbstore.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	account := &types.Account{Id: "acc-1"}
+	accountStore.EXPECT().GetAccountIDByUserID(gomock.Any(), nbstore.LockingStrengthNone, "owner-id").Return("acc-1", nil)
+	accountStore.EXPECT().GetAccount(gomock.Any(), "acc-1").Return(account, nil)
+	accountStore.EXPECT().DeleteAccount(gomock.Any(), account).Return(nil)
+
+	rolledBackFor := ""
+	rollbackCalls := 0
+	setupManager := NewSetupService(
+		&setupInstanceManagerMock{
+			rollbackSetupFn: func(_ context.Context, userID string) error {
+				rollbackCalls++
+				rolledBackFor = userID
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+		&mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+			GetAccountIDByUserIdFunc: func(_ context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) (string, error) {
+				assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", userAuth.UserId)
+				return "", errors.New("metadata update failed")
+			},
+			GetStoreFunc: func() nbstore.Store {
+				return accountStore
+			},
+		},
+	)
+
+	result, err := setupManager.SetupOwner(context.Background(), "admin@example.com", "securepassword123", "Admin", SetupOptions{
+		CreatePAT:       true,
+		PATExpireInDays: intPtr(30),
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "create account for setup user")
+	assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", rolledBackFor)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, rollbackCalls)
+}
+
+func TestSetupOwner_CreatePATFails_RollsBackSetupAccountAndUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	accountStore := nbstore.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	account := &types.Account{Id: "acc-1"}
+	accountStore.EXPECT().GetAccount(gomock.Any(), "acc-1").Return(account, nil)
+	accountStore.EXPECT().DeleteAccount(gomock.Any(), account).Return(nil)
+
+	rollbackCalls := 0
+	setupManager := NewSetupService(
+		&setupInstanceManagerMock{
+			rollbackSetupFn: func(_ context.Context, userID string) error {
+				rollbackCalls++
+				assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", userID)
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+		&mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+			GetAccountIDByUserIdFunc: func(_ context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) (string, error) {
+				assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", userAuth.UserId)
+				return "acc-1", nil
+			},
+			CreatePATFunc: func(_ context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID, tokenName string, expiresIn int) (*types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated, error) {
+				assert.Equal(t, "acc-1", accountID)
+				assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", initiatorUserID)
+				assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", targetUserID)
+				assert.Equal(t, setupPATTokenName, tokenName)
+				assert.Equal(t, 30, expiresIn)
+				return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "token store unavailable")
+			},
+			GetStoreFunc: func() nbstore.Store {
+				return accountStore
+			},
+		},
+	)
+
+	result, err := setupManager.SetupOwner(context.Background(), "admin@example.com", "securepassword123", "Admin", SetupOptions{
+		CreatePAT:       true,
+		PATExpireInDays: intPtr(30),
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "create setup PAT")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, rollbackCalls)
+}
+
+func TestSetupOwner_CreatePATFails_AccountAlreadyGoneStillRollsBackUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	accountStore := nbstore.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	accountStore.EXPECT().GetAccount(gomock.Any(), "acc-1").Return(nil, status.NewAccountNotFoundError("acc-1"))
+
+	rolledBackFor := ""
+	rollbackCalls := 0
+	setupManager := NewSetupService(
+		&setupInstanceManagerMock{
+			rollbackSetupFn: func(_ context.Context, userID string) error {
+				rollbackCalls++
+				rolledBackFor = userID
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+		&mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+			GetAccountIDByUserIdFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ auth.UserAuth) (string, error) {
+				return "acc-1", nil
+			},
+			CreatePATFunc: func(_ context.Context, _, _, _, _ string, _ int) (*types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated, error) {
+				return nil, errors.New("token failure")
+			},
+			GetStoreFunc: func() nbstore.Store {
+				return accountStore
+			},
+		},
+	)
+
+	result, err := setupManager.SetupOwner(context.Background(), "admin@example.com", "securepassword123", "Admin", SetupOptions{
+		CreatePAT:       true,
+		PATExpireInDays: intPtr(30),
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "create setup PAT")
+	assert.Equal(t, "owner-id", rolledBackFor)
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, rollbackCalls)
+}
+
+func TestSetupOwner_CreatePATFails_AccountRollbackFailureStopsBeforeUserRollback(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(SetupPATEnabledEnvKey, "true")
+
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	accountStore := nbstore.NewMockStore(ctrl)
+	account := &types.Account{Id: "acc-1"}
+	accountStore.EXPECT().GetAccount(gomock.Any(), "acc-1").Return(account, nil)
+	accountStore.EXPECT().DeleteAccount(gomock.Any(), account).Return(errors.New("delete failed"))
+
+	rollbackCalls := 0
+	setupManager := NewSetupService(
+		&setupInstanceManagerMock{
+			rollbackSetupFn: func(_ context.Context, userID string) error {
+				rollbackCalls++
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+		&mock_server.MockAccountManager{
+			GetAccountIDByUserIdFunc: func(_ context.Context, _ auth.UserAuth) (string, error) {
+				return "acc-1", nil
+			},
+			CreatePATFunc: func(_ context.Context, _, _, _, _ string, _ int) (*types.PersonalAccessTokenGenerated, error) {
+				return nil, errors.New("token failure")
+			},
+			GetStoreFunc: func() nbstore.Store {
+				return accountStore
+			},
+		},
+	)
+
+	result, err := setupManager.SetupOwner(context.Background(), "admin@example.com", "securepassword123", "Admin", SetupOptions{
+		CreatePAT:       true,
+		PATExpireInDays: intPtr(30),
+	})
+
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, result)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "create setup PAT")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "failed to roll back setup resources")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, rollbackCalls)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/integrated_validator.go b/management/server/integrated_validator.go
index 69ea668ad..9ec1f491e 100644
--- a/management/server/integrated_validator.go
+++ b/management/server/integrated_validator.go
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 )
 
 // UpdateIntegratedValidator updates the integrated validator groups for a specified account.
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetValidatedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountI
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 
-	validPeers, err := am.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, accountID, groups, peers, settings.Extra)
+	validPeers, err := am.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, accountID, types.TwinGroups(groups), types.TwinPeers(peers), settings.Extra)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, err
 	}
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@ func (a MockIntegratedValidator) ValidatePeer(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.
 	return update, false, nil
 }
 
-func (a MockIntegratedValidator) GetValidatedPeers(_ context.Context, accountID string, groups []*types.Group, peers []*nbpeer.Peer, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
+func (a MockIntegratedValidator) GetValidatedPeers(_ context.Context, accountID string, groups []*nmdata.Group, peers []*nmdata.Peer, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
 	validatedPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, peer := range peers {
 		validatedPeers[peer.ID] = struct{}{}
diff --git a/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/integrated_validator_mock.go b/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/integrated_validator_mock.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73178a869
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/integrated_validator_mock.go
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
+// Source: ./interface.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package integrated_validator -destination=integrated_validator_mock.go -source=./interface.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//
+
+// Package integrated_validator is a generated GoMock package.
+package integrated_validator
+
+import (
+	context "context"
+	reflect "reflect"
+
+	peer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	nmdata "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	proto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+)
+
+// MockIntegratedValidator is a mock of IntegratedValidator interface.
+type MockIntegratedValidator struct {
+	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
+	recorder *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
+}
+
+// MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockIntegratedValidator.
+type MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder struct {
+	mock *MockIntegratedValidator
+}
+
+// NewMockIntegratedValidator creates a new mock instance.
+func NewMockIntegratedValidator(ctrl *gomock.Controller) *MockIntegratedValidator {
+	mock := &MockIntegratedValidator{ctrl: ctrl}
+	mock.recorder = &MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder{mock}
+	return mock
+}
+
+// EXPECT returns an object that allows the caller to indicate expected use.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) EXPECT() *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder {
+	return m.recorder
+}
+
+// GetInvalidPeers mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) GetInvalidPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]string, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetInvalidPeers", ctx, accountID, extraSettings)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(map[string]string)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetInvalidPeers indicates an expected call of GetInvalidPeers.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) GetInvalidPeers(ctx, accountID, extraSettings any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetInvalidPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).GetInvalidPeers), ctx, accountID, extraSettings)
+}
+
+// GetValidatedPeers mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) GetValidatedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []*nmdata.Group, peers []*nmdata.Peer, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetValidatedPeers", ctx, accountID, groups, peers, extraSettings)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(map[string]struct{})
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetValidatedPeers indicates an expected call of GetValidatedPeers.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) GetValidatedPeers(ctx, accountID, groups, peers, extraSettings any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetValidatedPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).GetValidatedPeers), ctx, accountID, groups, peers, extraSettings)
+}
+
+// IsNotValidPeer mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) IsNotValidPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, arg2 *peer.Peer, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (bool, bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "IsNotValidPeer", ctx, accountID, arg2, peersGroup, extraSettings)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(bool)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2
+}
+
+// IsNotValidPeer indicates an expected call of IsNotValidPeer.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) IsNotValidPeer(ctx, accountID, arg2, peersGroup, extraSettings any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "IsNotValidPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).IsNotValidPeer), ctx, accountID, arg2, peersGroup, extraSettings)
+}
+
+// PeerDeleted mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) PeerDeleted(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "PeerDeleted", ctx, accountID, peerID, extraSettings)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// PeerDeleted indicates an expected call of PeerDeleted.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) PeerDeleted(ctx, accountID, peerID, extraSettings any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "PeerDeleted", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).PeerDeleted), ctx, accountID, peerID, extraSettings)
+}
+
+// PreparePeer mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) PreparePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, p *peer.Peer, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings, temporary bool) *peer.Peer {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "PreparePeer", ctx, accountID, p, peersGroup, extraSettings, temporary)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// PreparePeer indicates an expected call of PreparePeer.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) PreparePeer(ctx, accountID, p, peersGroup, extraSettings, temporary any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "PreparePeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).PreparePeer), ctx, accountID, p, peersGroup, extraSettings, temporary)
+}
+
+// SetPeerInvalidationListener mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) SetPeerInvalidationListener(fn func(string, []string)) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	m.ctrl.Call(m, "SetPeerInvalidationListener", fn)
+}
+
+// SetPeerInvalidationListener indicates an expected call of SetPeerInvalidationListener.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) SetPeerInvalidationListener(fn any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetPeerInvalidationListener", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).SetPeerInvalidationListener), fn)
+}
+
+// Stop mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) Stop(ctx context.Context) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	m.ctrl.Call(m, "Stop", ctx)
+}
+
+// Stop indicates an expected call of Stop.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) Stop(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Stop", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).Stop), ctx)
+}
+
+// ValidateExtraSettings mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) ValidateExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, newExtraSettings, oldExtraSettings *types.ExtraSettings, userID, accountID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ValidateExtraSettings", ctx, newExtraSettings, oldExtraSettings, userID, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// ValidateExtraSettings indicates an expected call of ValidateExtraSettings.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) ValidateExtraSettings(ctx, newExtraSettings, oldExtraSettings, userID, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ValidateExtraSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).ValidateExtraSettings), ctx, newExtraSettings, oldExtraSettings, userID, accountID)
+}
+
+// ValidateFlowResponse mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) ValidateFlowResponse(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, flowResponse *proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow) *proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ValidateFlowResponse", ctx, peerKey, flowResponse)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// ValidateFlowResponse indicates an expected call of ValidateFlowResponse.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) ValidateFlowResponse(ctx, peerKey, flowResponse any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ValidateFlowResponse", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).ValidateFlowResponse), ctx, peerKey, flowResponse)
+}
+
+// ValidatePeer mocks base method.
+func (m *MockIntegratedValidator) ValidatePeer(ctx context.Context, update, p *peer.Peer, userID, accountID, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (*peer.Peer, bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ValidatePeer", ctx, update, p, userID, accountID, dnsDomain, peersGroup, extraSettings)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*peer.Peer)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(bool)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2
+}
+
+// ValidatePeer indicates an expected call of ValidatePeer.
+func (mr *MockIntegratedValidatorMockRecorder) ValidatePeer(ctx, update, p, userID, accountID, dnsDomain, peersGroup, extraSettings any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ValidatePeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockIntegratedValidator)(nil).ValidatePeer), ctx, update, p, userID, accountID, dnsDomain, peersGroup, extraSettings)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/interface.go b/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/interface.go
index 326fbfaf0..dc3332177 100644
--- a/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/interface.go
+++ b/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/interface.go
@@ -5,16 +5,19 @@ import (
 
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package integrated_validator -destination=integrated_validator_mock.go -source=./interface.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+
 // IntegratedValidator interface exists to avoid the circle dependencies
 type IntegratedValidator interface {
 	ValidateExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, newExtraSettings *types.ExtraSettings, oldExtraSettings *types.ExtraSettings, userID string, accountID string) error
-	ValidatePeer(ctx context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, peer *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error)
-	PreparePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings, temporary bool) *nbpeer.Peer
+	ValidatePeer(ctx context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, p *nbpeer.Peer, userID string, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error)
+	PreparePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, p *nbpeer.Peer, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings, temporary bool) *nbpeer.Peer
 	IsNotValidPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, peersGroup []string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (bool, bool, error)
-	GetValidatedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []*types.Group, peers []*nbpeer.Peer, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error)
+	GetValidatedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []*nmdata.Group, peers []*nmdata.Peer, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error)
 	GetInvalidPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]string, error)
 	PeerDeleted(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) error
 	SetPeerInvalidationListener(fn func(accountID string, peerIDs []string))
diff --git a/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator/validator.go b/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator/validator.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33199c065
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator/validator.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package validator
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	cachestore "github.com/eko/gocache/lib/v4/store"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+type IntegratedValidatorImpl struct{}
+
+func NewIntegratedValidator(_ context.Context, _ peers.Manager, _ settings.Manager, _ activity.Store, _ cachestore.StoreInterface) (*IntegratedValidatorImpl, error) {
+	return &IntegratedValidatorImpl{}, nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) ValidateExtraSettings(context.Context, *types.ExtraSettings, *types.ExtraSettings, string, string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) ValidatePeer(_ context.Context, update *nbpeer.Peer, _ *nbpeer.Peer, _ string, _ string, _ string, _ []string, _ *types.ExtraSettings) (*nbpeer.Peer, bool, error) {
+	return update, false, nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) PreparePeer(_ context.Context, _ string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, _ []string, _ *types.ExtraSettings, _ bool) *nbpeer.Peer {
+	return peer.Copy()
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) IsNotValidPeer(_ context.Context, _ string, _ *nbpeer.Peer, _ []string, _ *types.ExtraSettings) (bool, bool, error) {
+	return false, false, nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) GetValidatedPeers(_ context.Context, _ string, _ []*nmdata.Group, peers []*nmdata.Peer, _ *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]struct{}, error) {
+	validatedPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		validatedPeers[p.ID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return validatedPeers, nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) GetInvalidPeers(_ context.Context, _ string, _ *types.ExtraSettings) (map[string]string, error) {
+	return make(map[string]string), nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) PeerDeleted(_ context.Context, _, _ string, _ *types.ExtraSettings) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) SetPeerInvalidationListener(_ func(accountID string, peerIDs []string)) {
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) Stop(_ context.Context) {
+}
+
+func (v *IntegratedValidatorImpl) ValidateFlowResponse(_ context.Context, _ string, flowResponse *proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow) *proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow {
+	return flowResponse
+}
diff --git a/management/server/management_proto_test.go b/management/server/management_proto_test.go
index 47f73cd02..ac64e7c61 100644
--- a/management/server/management_proto_test.go
+++ b/management/server/management_proto_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ func startManagementForTest(t *testing.T, testFile string, config *config.Config
 		return nil, nil, "", cleanup, err
 	}
 
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeralMgr, config)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeralMgr, config, nil)
 	accountManager, err := BuildManager(ctx, nil, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "",
 		eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ func startManagementForTest(t *testing.T, testFile string, config *config.Config
 		return nil, nil, "", cleanup, err
 	}
 
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil)
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, "", cleanup, err
 	}
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ func Test_LoginPerformance(t *testing.T) {
 						}
 
 						login := func() error {
-							_, _, _, err = am.LoginPeer(context.Background(), peerLogin)
+							_, _, _, _, err = am.LoginPeer(context.Background(), peerLogin)
 							if err != nil {
 								t.Logf("failed to login peer: %v", err)
 								return err
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ func Test_LoginPerformance(t *testing.T) {
 
 						go func(peerLogin types.PeerLogin, counterStart *int32) {
 							defer wgPeer.Done()
-							_, _, _, err = am.LoginPeer(context.Background(), peerLogin)
+							_, _, _, _, err = am.LoginPeer(context.Background(), peerLogin)
 							if err != nil {
 								t.Logf("failed to login peer: %v", err)
 								return
diff --git a/management/server/management_test.go b/management/server/management_test.go
index 2571a8aaa..6e3da49dc 100644
--- a/management/server/management_test.go
+++ b/management/server/management_test.go
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	pb "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto" //nolint
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ func startServer(
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := server.NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, str)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, str, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(str, peers.NewManager(str)), config)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, str, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, server.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(str, peers.NewManager(str)), config, nil)
 
 	accountManager, err := server.BuildManager(
 		context.Background(),
@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ func startServer(
 		server.MockIntegratedValidator{},
 		networkMapController,
 		nil,
+		nil,
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed creating management server: %v", err)
diff --git a/management/server/metrics/selfhosted.go b/management/server/metrics/selfhosted.go
index 8732cf89f..43fbec15d 100644
--- a/management/server/metrics/selfhosted.go
+++ b/management/server/metrics/selfhosted.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	nbversion "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
@@ -53,6 +54,8 @@ type DataSource interface {
 	GetAllAccounts(ctx context.Context) []*types.Account
 	GetStoreEngine() types.Engine
 	GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx context.Context) (total int64, validated int64, err error)
+	GetProxyMetrics(ctx context.Context) (store.ProxyMetrics, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkMetrics(ctx context.Context) (store.AgentNetworkMetrics, error)
 }
 
 // ConnManager peer connection manager that holds state for current active connections
@@ -223,6 +226,12 @@ func (w *Worker) generateProperties(ctx context.Context) properties {
 		servicesAuthPassword      int
 		servicesAuthPin           int
 		servicesAuthOIDC          int
+		// Private-service signals — track adoption of NetBird-only mode
+		// (services backed by an embedded proxy peer + access groups).
+		servicesPrivate                int
+		servicesPrivateWithGroups      int
+		servicesPrivateAccessGroupsSum int
+		servicesWithDirectUpstream     int
 	)
 	start := time.Now()
 	metricsProperties := make(properties)
@@ -380,9 +389,38 @@ func (w *Worker) generateProperties(ctx context.Context) properties {
 			if service.Auth.BearerAuth != nil && service.Auth.BearerAuth.Enabled {
 				servicesAuthOIDC++
 			}
+
+			if service.Private {
+				servicesPrivate++
+				if len(service.AccessGroups) > 0 {
+					servicesPrivateWithGroups++
+				}
+				servicesPrivateAccessGroupsSum += len(service.AccessGroups)
+			}
+
+			for _, target := range service.Targets {
+				if target.Options.DirectUpstream {
+					servicesWithDirectUpstream++
+					break
+				}
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Proxy / BYOP cluster signals come from the proxies table aggregated
+	// across all accounts in a single store query; nil on FileStore.
+	proxyMetrics, err := w.dataSource.GetProxyMetrics(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("collect proxy metrics: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Agent-network adoption + usage, aggregated across all accounts in a few
+	// cheap queries; nil on FileStore.
+	agentNetworkMetrics, err := w.dataSource.GetAgentNetworkMetrics(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("collect agent network metrics: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	minActivePeerVersion, maxActivePeerVersion := getMinMaxVersion(peerActiveVersions)
 	metricsProperties["uptime"] = uptime
 	metricsProperties["accounts"] = accounts
@@ -430,8 +468,25 @@ func (w *Worker) generateProperties(ctx context.Context) properties {
 	metricsProperties["services_auth_password"] = servicesAuthPassword
 	metricsProperties["services_auth_pin"] = servicesAuthPin
 	metricsProperties["services_auth_oidc"] = servicesAuthOIDC
+	metricsProperties["services_private"] = servicesPrivate
+	metricsProperties["services_private_with_access_groups"] = servicesPrivateWithGroups
+	metricsProperties["services_private_access_groups_sum"] = servicesPrivateAccessGroupsSum
+	metricsProperties["services_with_direct_upstream"] = servicesWithDirectUpstream
+	metricsProperties["proxy_clusters"] = proxyMetrics.Clusters
+	metricsProperties["proxy_clusters_byop"] = proxyMetrics.ClustersBYOP
+	metricsProperties["proxy_clusters_private"] = proxyMetrics.ClustersPrivate
+	metricsProperties["proxies"] = proxyMetrics.Proxies
+	metricsProperties["proxies_connected"] = proxyMetrics.ProxiesConnected
 	metricsProperties["custom_domains"] = customDomains
 	metricsProperties["custom_domains_validated"] = customDomainsValidated
+	metricsProperties["agent_network_accounts"] = agentNetworkMetrics.Accounts
+	metricsProperties["agent_network_providers"] = agentNetworkMetrics.Providers
+	metricsProperties["agent_network_policies"] = agentNetworkMetrics.Policies
+	metricsProperties["agent_network_budget_rules"] = agentNetworkMetrics.BudgetRules
+	metricsProperties["agent_network_log_collection_enabled"] = agentNetworkMetrics.LogCollectionEnabled
+	metricsProperties["agent_network_input_tokens"] = agentNetworkMetrics.InputTokens
+	metricsProperties["agent_network_output_tokens"] = agentNetworkMetrics.OutputTokens
+	metricsProperties["agent_network_cost_usd"] = agentNetworkMetrics.CostUSD
 
 	for targetType, count := range servicesTargetType {
 		metricsProperties["services_target_type_"+string(targetType)] = count
diff --git a/management/server/metrics/selfhosted_test.go b/management/server/metrics/selfhosted_test.go
index 78f5c53be..1fef89a2c 100644
--- a/management/server/metrics/selfhosted_test.go
+++ b/management/server/metrics/selfhosted_test.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ func (mockDatasource) GetAllAccounts(_ context.Context) []*types.Account {
 					Enabled: true,
 					Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
 						{TargetType: "peer"},
-						{TargetType: "host"},
+						{TargetType: "host", Options: rpservice.TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}},
 					},
 					Auth: rpservice.AuthConfig{
 						PasswordAuth: &rpservice.PasswordAuthConfig{Enabled: true},
@@ -141,6 +142,16 @@ func (mockDatasource) GetAllAccounts(_ context.Context) []*types.Account {
 					},
 					Meta: rpservice.Meta{Status: string(rpservice.StatusPending)},
 				},
+				{
+					ID:           "svc3-private",
+					Enabled:      true,
+					Private:      true,
+					AccessGroups: []string{"grp-eng", "grp-ops"},
+					Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+						{TargetType: "cluster", Options: rpservice.TargetOptions{DirectUpstream: true}},
+					},
+					Meta: rpservice.Meta{Status: string(rpservice.StatusActive)},
+				},
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -254,6 +265,33 @@ func (mockDatasource) GetCustomDomainsCounts(_ context.Context) (int64, int64, e
 	return 3, 2, nil
 }
 
+// GetProxyMetrics returns canned proxy/cluster counts so the
+// generateProperties test can assert the BYOP signals end-to-end.
+func (mockDatasource) GetProxyMetrics(_ context.Context) (store.ProxyMetrics, error) {
+	return store.ProxyMetrics{
+		Clusters:         3,
+		ClustersBYOP:     1,
+		ClustersPrivate:  1,
+		Proxies:          4,
+		ProxiesConnected: 2,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkMetrics returns canned agent-network counts so the
+// generateProperties test can assert the adoption/usage signals end-to-end.
+func (mockDatasource) GetAgentNetworkMetrics(_ context.Context) (store.AgentNetworkMetrics, error) {
+	return store.AgentNetworkMetrics{
+		Accounts:             2,
+		Providers:            5,
+		Policies:             3,
+		BudgetRules:          1,
+		LogCollectionEnabled: 2,
+		InputTokens:          1000,
+		OutputTokens:         500,
+		CostUSD:              1.25,
+	}, nil
+}
+
 // TestGenerateProperties tests and validate the properties generation by using the mockDatasource for the Worker.generateProperties
 func TestGenerateProperties(t *testing.T) {
 	ds := mockDatasource{}
@@ -393,17 +431,17 @@ func TestGenerateProperties(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected 3 embedded_idp_count, got %v", properties["embedded_idp_count"])
 	}
 
-	if properties["services"] != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 2 services, got %v", properties["services"])
+	if properties["services"] != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 3 services, got %v", properties["services"])
 	}
-	if properties["services_enabled"] != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_enabled, got %v", properties["services_enabled"])
+	if properties["services_enabled"] != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 services_enabled, got %v", properties["services_enabled"])
 	}
-	if properties["services_targets"] != 3 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 3 services_targets, got %v", properties["services_targets"])
+	if properties["services_targets"] != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 4 services_targets, got %v", properties["services_targets"])
 	}
-	if properties["services_status_active"] != 1 {
-		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_status_active, got %v", properties["services_status_active"])
+	if properties["services_status_active"] != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 services_status_active, got %v", properties["services_status_active"])
 	}
 	if properties["services_status_pending"] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_status_pending, got %v", properties["services_status_pending"])
@@ -420,6 +458,9 @@ func TestGenerateProperties(t *testing.T) {
 	if properties["services_target_type_domain"] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_target_type_domain, got %v", properties["services_target_type_domain"])
 	}
+	if properties["services_target_type_cluster"] != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_target_type_cluster, got %v", properties["services_target_type_cluster"])
+	}
 	if properties["services_auth_password"] != 1 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_auth_password, got %v", properties["services_auth_password"])
 	}
@@ -429,6 +470,33 @@ func TestGenerateProperties(t *testing.T) {
 	if properties["services_auth_pin"] != 0 {
 		t.Errorf("expected 0 services_auth_pin, got %v", properties["services_auth_pin"])
 	}
+	if properties["services_private"] != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_private, got %v", properties["services_private"])
+	}
+	if properties["services_private_with_access_groups"] != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 services_private_with_access_groups, got %v", properties["services_private_with_access_groups"])
+	}
+	if properties["services_private_access_groups_sum"] != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 services_private_access_groups_sum, got %v", properties["services_private_access_groups_sum"])
+	}
+	if properties["services_with_direct_upstream"] != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 services_with_direct_upstream, got %v", properties["services_with_direct_upstream"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxy_clusters"] != int64(3) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 3 proxy_clusters, got %v", properties["proxy_clusters"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxy_clusters_byop"] != int64(1) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 proxy_clusters_byop, got %v", properties["proxy_clusters_byop"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxy_clusters_private"] != int64(1) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 proxy_clusters_private, got %v", properties["proxy_clusters_private"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxies"] != int64(4) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 4 proxies, got %v", properties["proxies"])
+	}
+	if properties["proxies_connected"] != int64(2) {
+		t.Errorf("expected 2 proxies_connected, got %v", properties["proxies_connected"])
+	}
 	if properties["custom_domains"] != int64(3) {
 		t.Errorf("expected 3 custom_domains, got %v", properties["custom_domains"])
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/migration/migration.go b/management/server/migration/migration.go
index 7a51cc200..6d8ed90cc 100644
--- a/management/server/migration/migration.go
+++ b/management/server/migration/migration.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
@@ -635,3 +636,128 @@ func RemoveDuplicatePeerKeys(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func BackfillPublicIDs[T any](ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
+	var model T
+
+	if !db.Migrator().HasTable(&model) {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Table for %T does not exist, no backfill needed", model)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	stmt := &gorm.Statement{DB: db}
+	err := stmt.Parse(&model)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse model: %w", err)
+	}
+	tableName := stmt.Schema.Table
+
+	if err := db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		if !tx.Migrator().HasColumn(&model, "public_id") {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("Column public_id does not exist in table %s, adding it", tableName)
+			if err := tx.Migrator().AddColumn(&model, "public_id"); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("add column public_id: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		var rows []map[string]any
+		if err := tx.Table(tableName).Select("id", "public_id").Where("public_id IS NULL").Or("public_id = ''").Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to find rows with empty public_id: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if len(rows) == 0 {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("No rows with empty public_id found in table %s, no migration needed", tableName)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		for _, row := range rows {
+			if err := tx.Table(tableName).Where("id = ?", row["id"]).Update("public_id", xid.New().String()).Error; err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to update row with id %v: %w", row["id"], err)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("Backfill of empty public_id in table %s completed", tableName)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// FoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets migrates a per-request cost table from the old
+// "stored aggregate" shape (cost_usd + cache_cost_usd columns) to the per-bucket
+// breakdown, where the total and cache portion are derived on read instead.
+//
+// The fold preserves both aggregates exactly for historical rows: the cache
+// total moves into cached_input_cost_usd and the remainder into
+// input_cost_usd, so a row's derived total and cache cost still match what it
+// reported before the upgrade. The finer split is genuinely unknown for those
+// rows — the old schema never recorded a read/write or input/output division —
+// so it is lumped rather than guessed; only rows written after the upgrade
+// carry a true four-way split.
+//
+// Dropping the columns before folding would zero every historical row's cost,
+// so the update runs first and the drop only happens once it succeeds. A table
+// with no cost_usd column has already been migrated (or was created fresh) and
+// is skipped.
+func FoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets[T any](ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
+	var model T
+
+	if !db.Migrator().HasTable(&model) {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("table for %T does not exist, no cost-bucket migration needed", model)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !db.Migrator().HasColumn(&model, "cost_usd") {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("table for %T has no cost_usd column, cost buckets already migrated", model)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	stmt := &gorm.Statement{DB: db}
+	if err := stmt.Parse(&model); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("parse model schema: %w", err)
+	}
+	tableName := stmt.Schema.Table
+
+	// COALESCE guards rows whose new columns were added as NULL by an earlier
+	// AutoMigrate run that predates the NOT NULL default.
+	hasCacheColumn := db.Migrator().HasColumn(&model, "cache_cost_usd")
+	cacheExpr := "0"
+	if hasCacheColumn {
+		cacheExpr = "COALESCE(cache_cost_usd, 0)"
+	}
+
+	if err := db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		// Only touch rows that carry a legacy total and no breakdown yet, so
+		// the migration is idempotent and never overwrites a true split.
+		update := fmt.Sprintf(`UPDATE %s
+			SET input_cost_usd = COALESCE(cost_usd, 0) - %s,
+			    cached_input_cost_usd = %s,
+			    cache_creation_cost_usd = 0,
+			    output_cost_usd = 0
+			WHERE COALESCE(cost_usd, 0) <> 0
+			  AND COALESCE(input_cost_usd, 0) = 0
+			  AND COALESCE(cached_input_cost_usd, 0) = 0
+			  AND COALESCE(cache_creation_cost_usd, 0) = 0
+			  AND COALESCE(output_cost_usd, 0) = 0`, tableName, cacheExpr, cacheExpr)
+		res := tx.Exec(update)
+		if res.Error != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("fold legacy cost aggregates in %s: %w", tableName, res.Error)
+		}
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("folded legacy cost aggregates into per-bucket columns for %d rows in table %s", res.RowsAffected, tableName)
+
+		if err := tx.Migrator().DropColumn(&model, "cost_usd"); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("drop cost_usd from %s: %w", tableName, err)
+		}
+		if hasCacheColumn {
+			if err := tx.Migrator().DropColumn(&model, "cache_cost_usd"); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("drop cache_cost_usd from %s: %w", tableName, err)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("migration of stored cost aggregates to per-bucket columns in table %s completed", tableName)
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/migration/migration_agentnetwork.go b/management/server/migration/migration_agentnetwork.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6cda56c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/migration/migration_agentnetwork.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package migration
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+// agentNetworkSettingsMigration is a local view of the agent_network_settings
+// table spanning both the legacy identity columns (cluster, subdomain) and
+// their replacement (domain, proxy_address), so the migrator can address all
+// four during the reshape without importing the current model.
+type agentNetworkSettingsMigration struct {
+	AccountID    string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	Cluster      string
+	Subdomain    string
+	Domain       string `gorm:"type:varchar(255)"`
+	ProxyAddress string `gorm:"type:varchar(255)"`
+}
+
+func (agentNetworkSettingsMigration) TableName() string { return "agent_network_settings" }
+
+// MigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain reshapes agent_network_settings from the
+// legacy (cluster, subdomain) identity columns to (domain, proxy_address):
+// domain becomes `<subdomain>.<cluster>` — the endpoint hostname the old
+// columns derived — and proxy_address becomes the cluster address, preserving
+// which proxy serves the account. Runs before AutoMigrate, which then creates
+// the unique index on the freshly backfilled domain column.
+//
+// A legacy row missing either half cannot be given an endpoint; the old
+// bootstrap always wrote both, so such a row indicates corruption and the
+// migration fails loudly rather than leaving an empty domain to collide with
+// the unique index confusingly.
+//
+// The transaction is real only on sqlite and postgres, where DDL is
+// transactional. MySQL implicitly commits around every ALTER TABLE, so there
+// each step stands alone; what makes an interrupted run resumable on MySQL is
+// that every step is guarded by the schema state it changes — the entry check
+// fires while either legacy column remains, the adds skip existing columns,
+// the backfill and its loud-failure check run only while the legacy cluster
+// column exists (they provably completed before any drop), and each drop
+// skips what is already gone.
+func MigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB) error {
+	model := &agentNetworkSettingsMigration{}
+	migrator := db.Migrator()
+
+	if !migrator.HasTable(model) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	hasCluster := migrator.HasColumn(model, "cluster")
+	if !hasCluster && !migrator.HasColumn(model, "subdomain") {
+		// Fresh schema or already migrated — nothing to reshape.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		txMigrator := tx.Migrator()
+		for _, field := range []string{"Domain", "ProxyAddress"} {
+			if !txMigrator.HasColumn(model, field) {
+				if err := txMigrator.AddColumn(model, field); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("add %s column to agent_network_settings: %w", field, err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if hasCluster {
+			concat := "subdomain || '.' || cluster"
+			if tx.Name() == "mysql" {
+				concat = "CONCAT(subdomain, '.', cluster)"
+			}
+			res := tx.Exec(fmt.Sprintf(
+				"UPDATE agent_network_settings SET domain = %s, proxy_address = cluster WHERE (domain IS NULL OR domain = '') AND cluster <> '' AND subdomain <> ''",
+				concat,
+			))
+			if res.Error != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("backfill agent_network_settings domain: %w", res.Error)
+			}
+
+			var unmigratable int64
+			if err := tx.Model(model).Where("domain IS NULL OR domain = ''").Count(&unmigratable).Error; err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("count unmigratable agent_network_settings rows: %w", err)
+			}
+			if unmigratable > 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf(
+					"%d agent_network_settings row(s) have no cluster/subdomain to derive an endpoint from; resolve them manually before upgrading",
+					unmigratable,
+				)
+			}
+
+			if res.RowsAffected > 0 {
+				log.WithContext(ctx).Infof("migrated %d agent_network_settings row(s) to domain/proxy_address", res.RowsAffected)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if txMigrator.HasIndex(model, "idx_agent_network_settings_cluster_subdomain") {
+			if err := txMigrator.DropIndex(model, "idx_agent_network_settings_cluster_subdomain"); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("drop legacy agent_network_settings index: %w", err)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, field := range []string{"Cluster", "Subdomain"} {
+			if txMigrator.HasColumn(model, field) {
+				if err := txMigrator.DropColumn(model, field); err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("drop legacy agent_network_settings column %s: %w", field, err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/migration/migration_test.go b/management/server/migration/migration_test.go
index 5e00976c2..868332fdf 100644
--- a/management/server/migration/migration_test.go
+++ b/management/server/migration/migration_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/migration"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/testutil"
@@ -198,7 +199,11 @@ func TestMigrateNetIPFieldFromBlobToJSON_WithJSONData(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Failed to insert account")
 
 	account.PeersG = []nbpeer.Peer{
-		{AccountID: "1234", Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.IP{10, 0, 0, 1}}},
+		{
+			AccountID: "1234",
+			Location:  nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.IP{10, 0, 0, 1}},
+			Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now()},
+		},
 	}
 
 	err = db.Save(account).Error
@@ -635,3 +640,221 @@ func TestCleanupOrphanedResources_SkipsWhenForeignKeyExists(t *testing.T) {
 	db.Model(&testChildWithFK{}).Count(&count)
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(2), count, "Both rows should survive — migration must skip when FK constraint exists")
 }
+
+// legacyCostRow is the pre-breakdown shape of the usage table: cost was stored
+// as a total plus a cache portion, with no per-bucket columns. Used to build a
+// realistic pre-upgrade table for the fold migration to run against.
+type legacyCostRow struct {
+	ID           string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	AccountID    string
+	Model        string
+	CostUSD      float64
+	CacheCostUSD float64
+}
+
+func (legacyCostRow) TableName() string { return "agent_network_request_usage" }
+
+// TestFoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets_PreservesHistoricalCost covers the upgrade
+// path: a table written under the old schema must come out with its per-row
+// total and cache cost unchanged, because dropping cost_usd without folding it
+// forward would silently zero every historical row's spend.
+func TestFoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets_PreservesHistoricalCost(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	db := setupDatabase(t)
+	// setupDatabase hands back a process-shared database, so start from a clean
+	// table rather than inheriting rows from another test.
+	require.NoError(t, db.Migrator().DropTable(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{}))
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&legacyCostRow{}), "legacy table must be created")
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&legacyCostRow{
+		ID: "u1", AccountID: "acct-1", Model: "claude-sonnet-4-6", CostUSD: 0.0123, CacheCostUSD: 0.0029,
+	}).Error)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&legacyCostRow{
+		ID: "u2", AccountID: "acct-1", Model: "gpt-4o", CostUSD: 0.5, CacheCostUSD: 0,
+	}).Error)
+	// A zero-cost row (denied / unpriced request) must stay zero, not be touched.
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&legacyCostRow{ID: "u3", AccountID: "acct-1", Model: "gw/unpriced"}).Error)
+
+	// AutoMigrate adds the per-bucket columns alongside the legacy ones, exactly
+	// as a real upgrade does before the post-auto migrations run.
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{}), "new columns must be added")
+
+	require.NoError(t, migration.FoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets[agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage](ctx, db))
+
+	assert.False(t, db.Migrator().HasColumn(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{}, "cost_usd"),
+		"legacy cost_usd column must be dropped once folded")
+	assert.False(t, db.Migrator().HasColumn(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{}, "cache_cost_usd"),
+		"legacy cache_cost_usd column must be dropped once folded")
+
+	var rows []*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage
+	require.NoError(t, db.Order("id").Find(&rows).Error)
+	require.Len(t, rows, 3)
+
+	// u1: total and cache portion both preserved; the read/write and
+	// input/output splits are unknowable for a legacy row, so the cache total
+	// lands on cached_input and the remainder on input.
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0123, rows[0].TotalCostUSD(), 1e-9, "historical total must survive the fold")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0029, rows[0].CacheCostUSD(), 1e-9, "historical cache cost must survive the fold")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0094, rows[0].InputCostUSD, 1e-9, "non-cache remainder lands on input")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0029, rows[0].CachedInputCostUSD, 1e-9, "legacy cache total lands on cached input")
+	assert.Zero(t, rows[0].CacheCreationCostUSD, "legacy rows carry no read/write split to recover")
+	assert.Zero(t, rows[0].OutputCostUSD, "legacy rows carry no input/output split to recover")
+
+	// u2: no cache spend — the whole total is the non-cache remainder.
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.5, rows[1].TotalCostUSD(), 1e-9, "cache-free historical total must survive")
+	assert.Zero(t, rows[1].CacheCostUSD(), "a cache-free row must stay cache-free")
+
+	// u3: zero stays zero rather than being rewritten.
+	assert.Zero(t, rows[2].TotalCostUSD(), "an unpriced row must remain unpriced")
+}
+
+// TestFoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets_SkipsAlreadyMigrated proves the migration is
+// safe to re-run: with no legacy column present it is a no-op that leaves a
+// true four-way split untouched.
+func TestFoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets_SkipsAlreadyMigrated(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	db := setupDatabase(t)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Migrator().DropTable(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{}))
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{}))
+	// Timestamp must be set explicitly: a zero time.Time serialises as
+	// '0000-00-00 00:00:00', which MySQL rejects under strict mode.
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{
+		ID: "u1", AccountID: "acct-1", Model: "claude-sonnet-4-6",
+		Timestamp:    time.Date(2026, 5, 5, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		InputCostUSD: 0.001, CachedInputCostUSD: 0.002, CacheCreationCostUSD: 0.003, OutputCostUSD: 0.004,
+	}).Error)
+
+	require.NoError(t, migration.FoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets[agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage](ctx, db),
+		"running against an already-migrated table must be a no-op, not an error")
+
+	var row agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&row, "id = ?", "u1").Error)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.001, row.InputCostUSD, 1e-9, "a true split must not be rewritten")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.002, row.CachedInputCostUSD, 1e-9)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.003, row.CacheCreationCostUSD, 1e-9)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.004, row.OutputCostUSD, 1e-9)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.01, row.TotalCostUSD(), 1e-9, "derived total sums the four buckets")
+}
+
+// legacyAgentNetworkSettings is the pre-reshape schema: identity carried as
+// (cluster, subdomain) instead of (domain, proxy_address).
+type legacyAgentNetworkSettings struct {
+	AccountID           string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	Cluster             string
+	Subdomain           string
+	EnableLogCollection bool
+}
+
+func (legacyAgentNetworkSettings) TableName() string { return "agent_network_settings" }
+
+// TestMigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain_BackfillsAndDropsLegacyColumns pins
+// the reshape: domain becomes `<subdomain>.<cluster>`, proxy_address becomes
+// the cluster, the legacy columns are dropped, and non-identity fields ride
+// through untouched.
+func TestMigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain_BackfillsAndDropsLegacyColumns(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	db := setupDatabase(t)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Migrator().DropTable(&legacyAgentNetworkSettings{}))
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&legacyAgentNetworkSettings{}))
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&legacyAgentNetworkSettings{
+		AccountID: "acct-1", Cluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io", Subdomain: "violet", EnableLogCollection: true,
+	}).Error)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&legacyAgentNetworkSettings{
+		AccountID: "acct-2", Cluster: "us.proxy.netbird.io", Subdomain: "violet",
+	}).Error)
+
+	require.NoError(t, migration.MigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain(ctx, db))
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&agentNetworkTypes.Settings{}),
+		"AutoMigrate must create the domain unique index over the backfilled values")
+
+	var one, two agentNetworkTypes.Settings
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&one, "account_id = ?", "acct-1").Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io", one.Domain, "domain must combine subdomain and cluster")
+	assert.Equal(t, "eu.proxy.netbird.io", one.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must carry the cluster")
+	assert.True(t, one.EnableLogCollection, "non-identity fields must ride through")
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&two, "account_id = ?", "acct-2").Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "violet.us.proxy.netbird.io", two.Domain,
+		"duplicate labels on different clusters are distinct hostnames and must both survive")
+
+	migrator := db.Migrator()
+	assert.False(t, migrator.HasColumn(&legacyAgentNetworkSettings{}, "cluster"), "legacy cluster column must be dropped")
+	assert.False(t, migrator.HasColumn(&legacyAgentNetworkSettings{}, "subdomain"), "legacy subdomain column must be dropped")
+}
+
+// TestMigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain_SkipsAlreadyMigrated proves the
+// migration is safe to re-run: with no legacy column present it is a no-op.
+func TestMigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain_SkipsAlreadyMigrated(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	db := setupDatabase(t)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Migrator().DropTable(&agentNetworkTypes.Settings{}))
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&agentNetworkTypes.Settings{}))
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&agentNetworkTypes.Settings{
+		AccountID: "acct-1", Domain: "gw.example.com", ProxyAddress: "gw.example.com",
+	}).Error)
+
+	require.NoError(t, migration.MigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain(ctx, db),
+		"running against an already-migrated table must be a no-op, not an error")
+
+	var row agentNetworkTypes.Settings
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&row, "account_id = ?", "acct-1").Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "gw.example.com", row.Domain, "migrated rows must be untouched")
+}
+
+// TestMigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain_FailsOnUnmigratableRow pins the
+// loud-failure contract: a legacy row missing its identity halves cannot be
+// given an endpoint, and silently leaving an empty domain would collide with
+// the unique index confusingly later.
+func TestMigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain_FailsOnUnmigratableRow(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	db := setupDatabase(t)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Migrator().DropTable(&legacyAgentNetworkSettings{}))
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&legacyAgentNetworkSettings{}))
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&legacyAgentNetworkSettings{
+		AccountID: "acct-broken", Cluster: "", Subdomain: "",
+	}).Error)
+
+	err := migration.MigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain(ctx, db)
+	require.Error(t, err, "a row with no identity to derive an endpoint from must fail the migration")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "resolve them manually", "the error must tell the operator what to do")
+}
+
+// partialAgentNetworkSettings models the one non-atomic state a MySQL run can
+// be interrupted in: DDL auto-commits there, so a crash between the two legacy
+// column drops leaves subdomain behind while cluster (and the completed
+// backfill) are already committed.
+type partialAgentNetworkSettings struct {
+	AccountID    string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	Subdomain    string
+	Domain       string `gorm:"type:varchar(255)"`
+	ProxyAddress string `gorm:"type:varchar(255)"`
+}
+
+func (partialAgentNetworkSettings) TableName() string { return "agent_network_settings" }
+
+// TestMigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain_ResumesAfterPartialDrop pins MySQL
+// resumability: a rerun over the interrupted state must remove the leftover
+// subdomain column without re-running the backfill (the cluster column that
+// feeds it is gone) and without touching the migrated values.
+func TestMigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain_ResumesAfterPartialDrop(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	db := setupDatabase(t)
+	require.NoError(t, db.Migrator().DropTable(&partialAgentNetworkSettings{}))
+	require.NoError(t, db.AutoMigrate(&partialAgentNetworkSettings{}))
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&partialAgentNetworkSettings{
+		AccountID: "acct-1", Subdomain: "violet",
+		Domain: "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io", ProxyAddress: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+	}).Error)
+
+	require.NoError(t, migration.MigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain(ctx, db),
+		"a rerun over a partially-dropped schema must resume, not error")
+
+	migrator := db.Migrator()
+	assert.False(t, migrator.HasColumn(&partialAgentNetworkSettings{}, "subdomain"),
+		"the leftover legacy column must be dropped on resume")
+
+	var row agentNetworkTypes.Settings
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&row, "account_id = ?", "acct-1").Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io", row.Domain, "migrated values must be untouched")
+	assert.Equal(t, "eu.proxy.netbird.io", row.ProxyAddress, "migrated values must be untouched")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/mock_server/account_mock.go b/management/server/mock_server/account_mock.go
index a7fcddec3..e97660a1f 100644
--- a/management/server/mock_server/account_mock.go
+++ b/management/server/mock_server/account_mock.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/users"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 )
 
 var _ account.Manager = (*MockAccountManager)(nil)
@@ -38,12 +40,13 @@ type MockAccountManager struct {
 	GetUserFromUserAuthFunc               func(ctx context.Context, userAuth auth.UserAuth) (*types.User, error)
 	ListUsersFunc                         func(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*types.User, error)
 	GetPeersFunc                          func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, nameFilter, ipFilter string, all bool) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, error)
-	MarkPeerConnectedFunc                 func(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, connected bool, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) error
-	SyncAndMarkPeerFunc                   func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error)
+	MarkPeerConnectedFunc                 func(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64, nmap *types.NetworkMap) error
+	MarkPeerDisconnectedFunc              func(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64) error
+	SyncAndMarkPeerFunc                   func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error)
 	DeletePeerFunc                        func(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerKey, userID string) error
 	GetNetworkMapFunc                     func(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (*types.NetworkMap, error)
 	GetPeerNetworkFunc                    func(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (*types.Network, error)
-	AddPeerFunc                           func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, setupKey string, userId string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, temporary bool) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error)
+	AddPeerFunc                           func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, setupKey string, userId string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, temporary bool) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error)
 	GetGroupFunc                          func(ctx context.Context, accountID, groupID, userID string) (*types.Group, error)
 	GetAllGroupsFunc                      func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) ([]*types.Group, error)
 	GetGroupByNameFunc                    func(ctx context.Context, groupName, accountID string) (*types.Group, error)
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ type MockAccountManager struct {
 	UpdatePeerMetaFunc                    func(ctx context.Context, peerID string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta) error
 	UpdatePeerFunc                        func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) (*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	UpdatePeerIPFunc                      func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIP netip.Addr) error
+	UpdatePeerIPv6Func                    func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIPv6 netip.Addr) error
 	CreateRouteFunc                       func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, prefix netip.Prefix, networkType route.NetworkType, domains domain.List, peer string, peerGroups []string, description string, netID route.NetID, masquerade bool, metric int, groups, accessControlGroupIDs []string, enabled bool, userID string, keepRoute bool, isSelected bool) (*route.Route, error)
 	GetRouteFunc                          func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, routeID route.ID, userID string) (*route.Route, error)
 	SaveRouteFunc                         func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string, route *route.Route) error
@@ -95,8 +99,9 @@ type MockAccountManager struct {
 	SaveDNSSettingsFunc                   func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, dnsSettingsToSave *types.DNSSettings) error
 	GetPeerFunc                           func(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, userID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	UpdateAccountSettingsFunc             func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, newSettings *types.Settings) (*types.Settings, error)
-	LoginPeerFunc                         func(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error)
-	SyncPeerFunc                          func(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error)
+	LoginPeerFunc                         func(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error)
+	ExtendPeerSessionFunc                 func(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error)
+	SyncPeerFunc                          func(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error)
 	InviteUserFunc                        func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, initiatorUserID string, targetUserEmail string) error
 	ApproveUserFunc                       func(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID string) (*types.UserInfo, error)
 	RejectUserFunc                        func(ctx context.Context, accountID, initiatorUserID, targetUserID string) error
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@ type MockAccountManager struct {
 	GetIdpManagerFunc                     func() idp.Manager
 	UpdateIntegratedValidatorFunc         func(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, validator string, groups []string) error
 	GroupValidationFunc                   func(ctx context.Context, accountId string, groups []string) (bool, error)
-	SyncPeerMetaFunc                      func(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta) error
+	SyncPeerMetaFunc                      func(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP) error
 	FindExistingPostureCheckFunc          func(accountID string, checks *posture.ChecksDefinition) (*posture.Checks, error)
 	GetAccountIDForPeerKeyFunc            func(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (string, error)
 	GetAccountByIDFunc                    func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string) (*types.Account, error)
@@ -128,8 +133,9 @@ type MockAccountManager struct {
 	GetOrCreateAccountByPrivateDomainFunc func(ctx context.Context, initiatorId, domain string) (*types.Account, bool, error)
 
 	AllowSyncFunc                  func(string, uint64) bool
-	UpdateAccountPeersFunc         func(ctx context.Context, accountID string)
-	BufferUpdateAccountPeersFunc   func(ctx context.Context, accountID string)
+	UpdateAccountPeersFunc         func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason)
+	ExpandAndUpdateAffectedFunc    func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot, change affectedpeers.Change)
+	BufferUpdateAccountPeersFunc   func(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason)
 	RecalculateNetworkMapCacheFunc func(ctx context.Context, accountId string) error
 
 	GetIdentityProviderFunc    func(ctx context.Context, accountID, idpID, userID string) (*types.IdentityProvider, error)
@@ -200,15 +206,21 @@ func (am *MockAccountManager) UpdateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID, userI
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method UpdateGroups is not implemented")
 }
 
-func (am *MockAccountManager) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
+func (am *MockAccountManager) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) {
 	if am.UpdateAccountPeersFunc != nil {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeersFunc(ctx, accountID)
+		am.UpdateAccountPeersFunc(ctx, accountID, reason)
 	}
 }
 
-func (am *MockAccountManager) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
+func (am *MockAccountManager) ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot, change affectedpeers.Change) {
+	if am.ExpandAndUpdateAffectedFunc != nil {
+		am.ExpandAndUpdateAffectedFunc(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
+	}
+}
+
+func (am *MockAccountManager) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) {
 	if am.BufferUpdateAccountPeersFunc != nil {
-		am.BufferUpdateAccountPeersFunc(ctx, accountID)
+		am.BufferUpdateAccountPeersFunc(ctx, accountID, reason)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -219,14 +231,21 @@ func (am *MockAccountManager) DeleteSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method DeleteSetupKey is not implemented")
 }
 
-func (am *MockAccountManager) SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) {
+func (am *MockAccountManager) SyncAndMarkPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP, syncTime time.Time) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
 	if am.SyncAndMarkPeerFunc != nil {
 		return am.SyncAndMarkPeerFunc(ctx, accountID, peerPubKey, meta, realIP, syncTime)
 	}
 	return nil, nil, nil, 0, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method MarkPeerConnected is not implemented")
 }
 
-func (am *MockAccountManager) OnPeerDisconnected(_ context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, streamStartTime time.Time) error {
+func (am *MockAccountManager) OnPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerPubKey string, streamStartTime time.Time) error {
+	// Mirror DefaultAccountManager.OnPeerDisconnected: drive the fencing
+	// hook so tests that inject MarkPeerDisconnectedFunc actually observe
+	// disconnect events. Falls through to nil when no hook is set, which
+	// is the original behaviour.
+	if am.MarkPeerDisconnectedFunc != nil {
+		return am.MarkPeerDisconnectedFunc(ctx, peerPubKey, accountID, streamStartTime.UnixNano())
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -327,13 +346,21 @@ func (am *MockAccountManager) GetAccountIDByUserID(ctx context.Context, userAuth
 }
 
 // MarkPeerConnected mock implementation of MarkPeerConnected from server.AccountManager interface
-func (am *MockAccountManager) MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, connected bool, realIP net.IP, accountID string, syncTime time.Time) error {
+func (am *MockAccountManager) MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64, nmap *types.NetworkMap) error {
 	if am.MarkPeerConnectedFunc != nil {
-		return am.MarkPeerConnectedFunc(ctx, peerKey, connected, realIP, syncTime)
+		return am.MarkPeerConnectedFunc(ctx, peerKey, accountID, sessionStartedAt, nmap)
 	}
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method MarkPeerConnected is not implemented")
 }
 
+// MarkPeerDisconnected mock implementation of MarkPeerDisconnected from server.AccountManager interface
+func (am *MockAccountManager) MarkPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, peerKey string, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64) error {
+	if am.MarkPeerDisconnectedFunc != nil {
+		return am.MarkPeerDisconnectedFunc(ctx, peerKey, accountID, sessionStartedAt)
+	}
+	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method MarkPeerDisconnected is not implemented")
+}
+
 // DeleteAccount mock implementation of DeleteAccount from server.AccountManager interface
 func (am *MockAccountManager) DeleteAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) error {
 	if am.DeleteAccountFunc != nil {
@@ -398,11 +425,11 @@ func (am *MockAccountManager) AddPeer(
 	userId string,
 	peer *nbpeer.Peer,
 	temporary bool,
-) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error) {
+) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error) {
 	if am.AddPeerFunc != nil {
 		return am.AddPeerFunc(ctx, accountID, setupKey, userId, peer, temporary)
 	}
-	return nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method AddPeer is not implemented")
+	return nil, nil, nil, false, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method AddPeer is not implemented")
 }
 
 // GetGroupByName mock implementation of GetGroupByName from server.AccountManager interface
@@ -539,6 +566,13 @@ func (am *MockAccountManager) UpdatePeerIP(ctx context.Context, accountID, userI
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method UpdatePeerIP is not implemented")
 }
 
+func (am *MockAccountManager) UpdatePeerIPv6(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, newIPv6 netip.Addr) error {
+	if am.UpdatePeerIPv6Func != nil {
+		return am.UpdatePeerIPv6Func(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, newIPv6)
+	}
+	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method UpdatePeerIPv6 is not implemented")
+}
+
 // CreateRoute mock implementation of CreateRoute from server.AccountManager interface
 func (am *MockAccountManager) CreateRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID string, prefix netip.Prefix, networkType route.NetworkType, domains domain.List, peerID string, peerGroupIDs []string, description string, netID route.NetID, masquerade bool, metric int, groups, accessControlGroupID []string, enabled bool, userID string, keepRoute bool, isSelected bool) (*route.Route, error) {
 	if am.CreateRouteFunc != nil {
@@ -829,15 +863,23 @@ func (am *MockAccountManager) UpdateAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, account
 }
 
 // LoginPeer mocks LoginPeer of the AccountManager interface
-func (am *MockAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error) {
+func (am *MockAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error) {
 	if am.LoginPeerFunc != nil {
 		return am.LoginPeerFunc(ctx, login)
 	}
-	return nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method LoginPeer is not implemented")
+	return nil, nil, nil, false, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method LoginPeer is not implemented")
+}
+
+// ExtendPeerSession mocks ExtendPeerSession of the AccountManager interface
+func (am *MockAccountManager) ExtendPeerSession(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error) {
+	if am.ExtendPeerSessionFunc != nil {
+		return am.ExtendPeerSessionFunc(ctx, peerPubKey, userID)
+	}
+	return time.Time{}, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExtendPeerSession is not implemented")
 }
 
 // SyncPeer mocks SyncPeer of the AccountManager interface
-func (am *MockAccountManager) SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) {
+func (am *MockAccountManager) SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
 	if am.SyncPeerFunc != nil {
 		return am.SyncPeerFunc(ctx, sync, accountID)
 	}
@@ -934,9 +976,9 @@ func (am *MockAccountManager) GroupValidation(ctx context.Context, accountId str
 }
 
 // SyncPeerMeta mocks SyncPeerMeta of the AccountManager interface
-func (am *MockAccountManager) SyncPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta) error {
+func (am *MockAccountManager) SyncPeerMeta(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, realIP net.IP) error {
 	if am.SyncPeerMetaFunc != nil {
-		return am.SyncPeerMetaFunc(ctx, peerPubKey, meta)
+		return am.SyncPeerMetaFunc(ctx, peerPubKey, meta, realIP)
 	}
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SyncPeerMeta is not implemented")
 }
diff --git a/management/server/mock_server/management_server_mock.go b/management/server/mock_server/management_server_mock.go
index 45049f1fe..cd219b8a9 100644
--- a/management/server/mock_server/management_server_mock.go
+++ b/management/server/mock_server/management_server_mock.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ type ManagementServiceServerMock struct {
 	proto.UnimplementedManagementServiceServer
 
 	LoginFunc                      func(context.Context, *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*proto.EncryptedMessage, error)
-	SyncFunc                       func(*proto.EncryptedMessage, proto.ManagementService_SyncServer)
+	SyncFunc                       func(*proto.EncryptedMessage, proto.ManagementService_SyncServer) error
 	GetServerKeyFunc               func(context.Context, *proto.Empty) (*proto.ServerKeyResponse, error)
 	IsHealthyFunc                  func(context.Context, *proto.Empty) (*proto.Empty, error)
 	GetDeviceAuthorizationFlowFunc func(ctx context.Context, req *proto.EncryptedMessage) (*proto.EncryptedMessage, error)
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (m ManagementServiceServerMock) Login(ctx context.Context, req *proto.Encry
 
 func (m ManagementServiceServerMock) Sync(msg *proto.EncryptedMessage, sync proto.ManagementService_SyncServer) error {
 	if m.SyncFunc != nil {
-		return m.Sync(msg, sync)
+		return m.SyncFunc(msg, sync)
 	}
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Sync not implemented")
 }
diff --git a/management/server/nameserver.go b/management/server/nameserver.go
index 3f4d97c32..66ac6483c 100644
--- a/management/server/nameserver.go
+++ b/management/server/nameserver.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	nbdomain "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
@@ -39,7 +41,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, acco
 		SearchDomainsEnabled: searchDomainEnabled,
 	}
 
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{DistributionGroupIDs: newNSGroup.Groups}
 
 	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		var err error
@@ -47,12 +50,13 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, acco
 			return err
 		}
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, accountID, newNSGroup.Groups)
-		if err != nil {
+		newNSGroup.PublicID = xid.New().String()
+
+		if err = transaction.SaveNameServerGroup(ctx, newNSGroup); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		if err = transaction.SaveNameServerGroup(ctx, newNSGroup); err != nil {
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -64,9 +68,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, acco
 
 	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, newNSGroup.ID, accountID, activity.NameserverGroupCreated, newNSGroup.EventMeta())
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return newNSGroup.Copy(), nil
 }
@@ -77,7 +79,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accoun
 		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "nameserver group provided is nil")
 	}
 
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 
 	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		oldNSGroup, err := transaction.GetNameServerGroupByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, nsGroupToSave.ID)
@@ -90,12 +93,14 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accoun
 			return err
 		}
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areNameServerGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, nsGroupToSave, oldNSGroup)
-		if err != nil {
+		nsGroupToSave.PublicID = oldNSGroup.PublicID
+
+		if err = transaction.SaveNameServerGroup(ctx, nsGroupToSave); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		if err = transaction.SaveNameServerGroup(ctx, nsGroupToSave); err != nil {
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{DistributionGroupIDs: slices.Concat(nsGroupToSave.Groups, oldNSGroup.Groups)}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -107,9 +112,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accoun
 
 	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, nsGroupToSave.ID, accountID, activity.NameserverGroupUpdated, nsGroupToSave.EventMeta())
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -117,7 +120,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accoun
 // DeleteNameServerGroup deletes nameserver group with nsGroupID
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, nsGroupID, userID string) error {
 	var nsGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 
 	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		var err error
@@ -126,8 +130,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, acco
 			return err
 		}
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, accountID, nsGroup.Groups)
-		if err != nil {
+		// Load before delete: the post-delete state no longer references the groups.
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{DistributionGroupIDs: nsGroup.Groups}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -143,9 +148,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, acco
 
 	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, nsGroup.ID, accountID, activity.NameserverGroupDeleted, nsGroup.EventMeta())
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -184,24 +187,6 @@ func validateNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accou
 	return validateGroups(nameserverGroup.Groups, groups)
 }
 
-// areNameServerGroupChangesAffectPeers checks if the changes in the nameserver group affect the peers.
-func areNameServerGroupChangesAffectPeers(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, newNSGroup, oldNSGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup) (bool, error) {
-	if !newNSGroup.Enabled && !oldNSGroup.Enabled {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	hasPeers, err := anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, newNSGroup.AccountID, newNSGroup.Groups)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	if hasPeers {
-		return true, nil
-	}
-
-	return anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, oldNSGroup.AccountID, oldNSGroup.Groups)
-}
-
 func validateDomainInput(primary bool, domains []string, searchDomainsEnabled bool) error {
 	if !primary && len(domains) == 0 {
 		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "nameserver group primary status is false and domains are empty,"+
diff --git a/management/server/nameserver_test.go b/management/server/nameserver_test.go
index 20e74d502..dbaea1791 100644
--- a/management/server/nameserver_test.go
+++ b/management/server/nameserver_test.go
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@ func createNSManager(t *testing.T) (*DefaultAccountManager, error) {
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peers.NewManager(store)), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peers.NewManager(store)), &config.Config{}, nil)
 
 	return BuildManager(context.Background(), nil, store, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager), nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 }
@@ -896,11 +896,11 @@ func initTestNSAccount(t *testing.T, am *DefaultAccountManager) (*types.Account,
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	_, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, peer1, false)
+	_, _, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, peer1, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	_, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, peer2, false)
+	_, _, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, peer2, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ func TestNameServerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -1105,7 +1105,7 @@ func TestNameServerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
diff --git a/management/server/networks/manager.go b/management/server/networks/manager.go
index 95b96ea13..69d6e3fe3 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/manager.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
@@ -48,9 +49,16 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllNetworks(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID stri
 func (m *managerImpl) CreateNetwork(ctx context.Context, userID string, network *types.Network) (*types.Network, error) {
 	network.ID = xid.New().String()
 
-	err := m.store.SaveNetwork(ctx, network)
+	err := m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		network.PublicID = xid.New().String()
+
+		if err := transaction.SaveNetwork(ctx, network); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to save network: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save network: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, network.ID, network.AccountID, activity.NetworkCreated, network.EventMeta())
@@ -63,14 +71,25 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, network
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) UpdateNetwork(ctx context.Context, userID string, network *types.Network) (*types.Network, error) {
-	_, err := m.store.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, network.AccountID, network.ID)
+	err := m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		existing, err := transaction.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, network.AccountID, network.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
+		}
+		network.PublicID = existing.PublicID
+
+		if err := transaction.SaveNetwork(ctx, network); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to save network: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, network.ID, network.AccountID, activity.NetworkUpdated, network.EventMeta())
 
-	return network, m.store.SaveNetwork(ctx, network)
+	return network, nil
 }
 
 func (m *managerImpl) DeleteNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID string) error {
@@ -80,30 +99,39 @@ func (m *managerImpl) DeleteNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, netw
 	}
 
 	var eventsToStore []func()
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{Networks: []*types.Network{network}}
 	err = m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		resources, err := transaction.GetNetworkResourcesByNetID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, networkID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get resources in network: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		for _, resource := range resources {
-			event, err := m.resourcesManager.DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, networkID, resource.ID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete resource: %w", err)
-			}
-			eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, event...)
-		}
-
-		routers, err := transaction.GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, networkID)
+		netRouters, err := transaction.GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, networkID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get routers in network: %w", err)
 		}
 
-		for _, router := range routers {
-			event, err := m.routersManager.DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, networkID, router.ID)
+		var lerr error
+		if snap, lerr = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); lerr != nil {
+			return lerr
+		}
+
+		for _, resource := range resources {
+			deleted, event, err := m.resourcesManager.DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, networkID, resource.ID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete resource: %w", err)
+			}
+			change.Resources = append(change.Resources, deleted)
+			eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, event...)
+		}
+
+		for _, router := range netRouters {
+			deleted, event, err := m.routersManager.DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, networkID, router.ID)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete router: %w", err)
 			}
+			change.Routers = append(change.Routers, deleted)
 			eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, event)
 		}
 
@@ -131,7 +159,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) DeleteNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, netw
 		event()
 	}
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/management/server/networks/manager_test.go b/management/server/networks/manager_test.go
index 38bec1f0a..73b74b947 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/manager_test.go
@@ -32,8 +32,11 @@ func Test_GetAllNetworksReturnsNetworks(t *testing.T) {
 
 	networks, err := manager.GetAllNetworks(ctx, accountID, userID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Len(t, networks, 1)
-	require.Equal(t, "testNetworkId", networks[0].ID)
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(networks))
+	for _, n := range networks {
+		ids = append(ids, n.ID)
+	}
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"testNetworkId", "secondNetworkId"}, ids)
 }
 
 func Test_GetNetworkReturnsNetwork(t *testing.T) {
@@ -127,3 +130,68 @@ func Test_UpdateNetworkSuccessfully(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, network.Name, updatedNetwork.Name)
 }
+
+func Test_CreateNetworkSetsPublicId(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	const accountID = "testAccountId"
+	const userID = "testAdminId"
+
+	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	am := mock_server.MockAccountManager{}
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
+	routerManager := routers.NewManagerMock()
+	resourcesManager := resources.NewManager(s, groupsManager, &am, nil)
+	manager := NewManager(s, resourcesManager, routerManager, &am)
+
+	created, err := manager.CreateNetwork(ctx, userID, &types.Network{
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Name:      "seq-allocation-test",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEqual(t, "", created.PublicID, "CreateNetwork must allocate a non-zero AccountSeqID")
+}
+
+// Test_UpdateNetworkPreservesSeqID verifies UpdateNetwork does not reset
+// AccountSeqID even when the caller passes a zero value (the shape REST
+// handlers produce because the field is `json:"-"`).
+func Test_UpdateNetworkPreservesPublicId(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	const accountID = "testAccountId"
+	const userID = "testAdminId"
+
+	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	am := mock_server.MockAccountManager{}
+	groupsManager := groups.NewManagerMock()
+	routerManager := routers.NewManagerMock()
+	resourcesManager := resources.NewManager(s, groupsManager, &am, nil)
+	manager := NewManager(s, resourcesManager, routerManager, &am)
+
+	created, err := manager.CreateNetwork(ctx, userID, &types.Network{
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Name:      "seq-preserve-original",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	originalPublicId := created.PublicID
+	require.NotZero(t, originalPublicId)
+
+	update := &types.Network{
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		ID:        created.ID,
+		Name:      "seq-preserve-renamed",
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, "", update.PublicID, "incoming struct must mirror an HTTP handler shape")
+
+	_, err = manager.UpdateNetwork(ctx, userID, update)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	got, err := manager.GetNetwork(ctx, accountID, userID, created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, originalPublicId, got.PublicID, "PublicID must survive UpdateNetwork")
+	require.Equal(t, "seq-preserve-renamed", got.Name)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/networks/resources/manager.go b/management/server/networks/resources/manager.go
index c5fab812f..81d0f65b1 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/resources/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/resources/manager.go
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/groups"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ type Manager interface {
 	GetResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) (*types.NetworkResource, error)
 	UpdateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resource *types.NetworkResource) (*types.NetworkResource, error)
 	DeleteResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) error
-	DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) ([]func(), error)
+	DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) (*types.NetworkResource, []func(), error)
 }
 
 type managerImpl struct {
@@ -77,45 +79,12 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resourc
 	}
 
 	var eventsToStore []func()
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{Resources: []*types.NetworkResource{resource}}
 	err = m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		_, err = transaction.GetNetworkResourceByName(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, resource.AccountID, resource.Name)
-		if err == nil {
-			return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "resource with name %s already exists", resource.Name)
-		}
-
-		network, err := transaction.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, resource.AccountID, resource.NetworkID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		err = transaction.SaveNetworkResource(ctx, resource)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to save network resource: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		event := func() {
-			m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, resource.ID, resource.AccountID, activity.NetworkResourceCreated, resource.EventMeta(network))
-		}
-		eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, event)
-
-		res := nbtypes.Resource{
-			ID:   resource.ID,
-			Type: nbtypes.ResourceType(resource.Type.String()),
-		}
-		for _, groupID := range resource.GroupIDs {
-			event, err := m.groupsManager.AddResourceToGroupInTransaction(ctx, transaction, resource.AccountID, userID, groupID, &res)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to add resource to group: %w", err)
-			}
-			eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, event)
-		}
-
-		err = transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, resource.AccountID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to increment network serial: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
+		var txErr error
+		eventsToStore, snap, txErr = m.createResourceInTransaction(ctx, transaction, userID, resource, change)
+		return txErr
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create network resource: %w", err)
@@ -125,11 +94,57 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resourc
 		event()
 	}
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, resource.AccountID)
+	m.accountManager.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, resource.AccountID, snap, change)
 
 	return resource, nil
 }
 
+func (m *managerImpl) createResourceInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, userID string, resource *types.NetworkResource, change affectedpeers.Change) ([]func(), *affectedpeers.Snapshot, error) {
+	_, err := transaction.GetNetworkResourceByName(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, resource.AccountID, resource.Name)
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "resource with name %s already exists", resource.Name)
+	}
+
+	network, err := transaction.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, resource.AccountID, resource.NetworkID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	resource.PublicID = xid.New().String()
+
+	if err = transaction.SaveNetworkResource(ctx, resource); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to save network resource: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var eventsToStore []func()
+	eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, func() {
+		m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, resource.ID, resource.AccountID, activity.NetworkResourceCreated, resource.EventMeta(network))
+	})
+
+	res := nbtypes.Resource{
+		ID:   resource.ID,
+		Type: nbtypes.ResourceType(resource.Type.String()),
+	}
+	for _, groupID := range resource.GroupIDs {
+		event, err := m.groupsManager.AddResourceToGroupInTransaction(ctx, transaction, resource.AccountID, userID, groupID, &res)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to add resource to group: %w", err)
+		}
+		eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, event)
+	}
+
+	if err = transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, resource.AccountID); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to increment network serial: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, resource.AccountID, change)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	return eventsToStore, snap, nil
+}
+
 func (m *managerImpl) GetResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) (*types.NetworkResource, error) {
 	resource, err := m.store.GetNetworkResourceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, resourceID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -154,6 +169,8 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resourc
 	resource.Prefix = prefix
 
 	var eventsToStore []func()
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 	err = m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		network, err := transaction.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, resource.AccountID, resource.NetworkID)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -178,6 +195,15 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resourc
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get network resource: %w", err)
 		}
+		resource.PublicID = oldResource.PublicID
+
+		oldGroups, err := m.groupsManager.GetResourceGroupsInTransaction(ctx, transaction, store.LockingStrengthNone, resource.AccountID, resource.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get old resource groups: %w", err)
+		}
+		for _, g := range oldGroups {
+			oldResource.GroupIDs = append(oldResource.GroupIDs, g.ID)
+		}
 
 		err = transaction.SaveNetworkResource(ctx, resource)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -194,6 +220,11 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resourc
 			m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, resource.ID, resource.AccountID, activity.NetworkResourceUpdated, resource.EventMeta(network))
 		})
 
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{Resources: []*types.NetworkResource{oldResource, resource}}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, resource.AccountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		err = transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, resource.AccountID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to increment network serial: %w", err)
@@ -217,7 +248,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateResource(ctx context.Context, userID string, resourc
 		}
 	}()
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, resource.AccountID)
+	m.accountManager.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, resource.AccountID, snap, change)
 
 	return resource, nil
 }
@@ -270,8 +301,26 @@ func (m *managerImpl) DeleteResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, net
 	}
 
 	var events []func()
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 	err = m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		events, err = m.DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID)
+		existing, err := transaction.GetNetworkResourceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, resourceID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get network resource: %w", err)
+		}
+		oldGroups, err := m.groupsManager.GetResourceGroupsInTransaction(ctx, transaction, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, resourceID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get resource groups: %w", err)
+		}
+		for _, g := range oldGroups {
+			existing.GroupIDs = append(existing.GroupIDs, g.ID)
+		}
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{Resources: []*types.NetworkResource{existing}}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		_, events, err = m.DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete resource: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -291,51 +340,53 @@ func (m *managerImpl) DeleteResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, net
 		event()
 	}
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *managerImpl) DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) ([]func(), error) {
+func (m *managerImpl) DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) (*types.NetworkResource, []func(), error) {
 	resource, err := transaction.GetNetworkResourceByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, resourceID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network resource: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network resource: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	network, err := transaction.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, networkID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if resource.NetworkID != networkID {
-		return nil, errors.New("resource not part of network")
+		return nil, nil, errors.New("resource not part of network")
 	}
 
 	groups, err := m.groupsManager.GetResourceGroupsInTransaction(ctx, transaction, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, resourceID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get resource groups: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get resource groups: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	var eventsToStore []func()
 
 	for _, group := range groups {
+		resource.GroupIDs = append(resource.GroupIDs, group.ID)
+
 		event, err := m.groupsManager.RemoveResourceFromGroupInTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, group.ID, resourceID)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove resource from group: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove resource from group: %w", err)
 		}
 		eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, event)
 	}
 
 	err = transaction.DeleteNetworkResource(ctx, accountID, resourceID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete network resource: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete network resource: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	eventsToStore = append(eventsToStore, func() {
 		m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, resourceID, accountID, activity.NetworkResourceDeleted, resource.EventMeta(network))
 	})
 
-	return eventsToStore, nil
+	return resource, eventsToStore, nil
 }
 
 func NewManagerMock() Manager {
@@ -370,6 +421,6 @@ func (m *mockManager) DeleteResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, net
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *mockManager) DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) ([]func(), error) {
-	return []func(){}, nil
+func (m *mockManager) DeleteResourceInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, resourceID string) (*types.NetworkResource, []func(), error) {
+	return nil, []func(){}, nil
 }
diff --git a/management/server/networks/resources/manager_test.go b/management/server/networks/resources/manager_test.go
index cb8784ad0..a959d408f 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/resources/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/resources/manager_test.go
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	reverseproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
diff --git a/management/server/networks/resources/types/resource.go b/management/server/networks/resources/types/resource.go
index 1fa908393..4cf7f7ea3 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/resources/types/resource.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/resources/types/resource.go
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ type NetworkResource struct {
 	ID          string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
 	NetworkID   string `gorm:"index"`
 	AccountID   string `gorm:"index"`
+	PublicID    string `json:"-"`
 	Name        string
 	Description string
 	Type        NetworkResourceType
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ func (n *NetworkResource) Copy() *NetworkResource {
 		ID:          n.ID,
 		AccountID:   n.AccountID,
 		NetworkID:   n.NetworkID,
+		PublicID:    n.PublicID,
 		Name:        n.Name,
 		Description: n.Description,
 		Type:        n.Type,
diff --git a/management/server/networks/routers/manager.go b/management/server/networks/routers/manager.go
index d861855c1..aeb962300 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/routers/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/routers/manager.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
 	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ type Manager interface {
 	GetRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) (*types.NetworkRouter, error)
 	UpdateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *types.NetworkRouter) (*types.NetworkRouter, error)
 	DeleteRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) error
-	DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) (func(), error)
+	DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) (*types.NetworkRouter, func(), error)
 }
 
 type managerImpl struct {
@@ -60,8 +61,10 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetAllRoutersInAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID, use
 
 func (m *managerImpl) CreateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *types.NetworkRouter) (*types.NetworkRouter, error) {
 	var network *networkTypes.Network
-	err := m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		var err error
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{Routers: []*types.NetworkRouter{router}}
+	var err error
+	err = m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		network, err = transaction.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, router.AccountID, router.NetworkID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
@@ -73,7 +76,9 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *t
 
 		router.ID = xid.New().String()
 
-		err = transaction.SaveNetworkRouter(ctx, router)
+		router.PublicID = xid.New().String()
+
+		err = transaction.CreateNetworkRouter(ctx, router)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create network router: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -83,6 +88,10 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *t
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to increment network serial: %w", err)
 		}
 
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, router.AccountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		return nil
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -91,7 +100,7 @@ func (m *managerImpl) CreateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *t
 
 	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, router.ID, router.AccountID, activity.NetworkRouterCreated, router.EventMeta(network))
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, router.AccountID)
+	m.accountManager.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, router.AccountID, snap, change)
 
 	return router, nil
 }
@@ -111,28 +120,12 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkI
 
 func (m *managerImpl) UpdateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *types.NetworkRouter) (*types.NetworkRouter, error) {
 	var network *networkTypes.Network
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 	err := m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		var err error
-		network, err = transaction.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, router.AccountID, router.NetworkID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if network.ID != router.NetworkID {
-			return status.NewRouterNotPartOfNetworkError(router.ID, router.NetworkID)
-		}
-
-		err = transaction.SaveNetworkRouter(ctx, router)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update network router: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		err = transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, router.AccountID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to increment network serial: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
+		var txErr error
+		network, snap, change, txErr = m.updateRouterInTransaction(ctx, transaction, router)
+		return txErr
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -140,16 +133,67 @@ func (m *managerImpl) UpdateRouter(ctx context.Context, userID string, router *t
 
 	m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, router.ID, router.AccountID, activity.NetworkRouterUpdated, router.EventMeta(network))
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, router.AccountID)
+	m.accountManager.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, router.AccountID, snap, change)
 
 	return router, nil
 }
 
+func (m *managerImpl) updateRouterInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, router *types.NetworkRouter) (*networkTypes.Network, *affectedpeers.Snapshot, affectedpeers.Change, error) {
+	network, err := transaction.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, router.AccountID, router.NetworkID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, affectedpeers.Change{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	existing, err := transaction.GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, router.AccountID, router.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, affectedpeers.Change{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network router: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if existing.AccountID != router.AccountID {
+		return nil, nil, affectedpeers.Change{}, status.NewNetworkRouterNotFoundError(router.ID)
+	}
+
+	if existing.NetworkID != router.NetworkID {
+		return nil, nil, affectedpeers.Change{}, status.NewRouterNotPartOfNetworkError(router.ID, router.NetworkID)
+	}
+
+	// Preserve PublicID from the existing router so the upstream
+	// UpdateNetworkRouter (which does Updates(router) with Select("*"))
+	// doesn't clobber it with the request's zero value.
+	router.PublicID = existing.PublicID
+
+	if err = transaction.UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx, router); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, affectedpeers.Change{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to update network router: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err = transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, router.AccountID); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, affectedpeers.Change{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to increment network serial: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{Routers: []*types.NetworkRouter{existing, router}}
+	snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, router.AccountID, change)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, affectedpeers.Change{}, err
+	}
+
+	return network, snap, change, nil
+}
+
 func (m *managerImpl) DeleteRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) error {
 	var event func()
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 	err := m.store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		var err error
-		event, err = m.DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID)
+		existing, err := transaction.GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, routerID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get network router: %w", err)
+		}
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{Routers: []*types.NetworkRouter{existing}}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		_, event, err = m.DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx, transaction, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete network router: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -167,36 +211,36 @@ func (m *managerImpl) DeleteRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, netwo
 
 	event()
 
-	go m.accountManager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+	m.accountManager.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *managerImpl) DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) (func(), error) {
+func (m *managerImpl) DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) (*types.NetworkRouter, func(), error) {
 	network, err := transaction.GetNetworkByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, networkID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	router, err := transaction.GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, routerID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network router: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get network router: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if router.NetworkID != networkID {
-		return nil, status.NewRouterNotPartOfNetworkError(routerID, networkID)
+		return nil, nil, status.NewRouterNotPartOfNetworkError(routerID, networkID)
 	}
 
 	err = transaction.DeleteNetworkRouter(ctx, accountID, routerID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete network router: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete network router: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	event := func() {
 		m.accountManager.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, routerID, accountID, activity.NetworkRouterDeleted, router.EventMeta(network))
 	}
 
-	return event, nil
+	return router, event, nil
 }
 
 func NewManagerMock() Manager {
@@ -227,6 +271,9 @@ func (m *mockManager) DeleteRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, netwo
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *mockManager) DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) (func(), error) {
-	return func() {}, nil
+func (m *mockManager) DeleteRouterInTransaction(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, userID, networkID, routerID string) (*types.NetworkRouter, func(), error) {
+	return nil, func() {
+		// no-op mock: returns zero values so tests that don't exercise router deletion
+		// can satisfy the Manager interface without a real store.
+	}, nil
 }
diff --git a/management/server/networks/routers/manager_test.go b/management/server/networks/routers/manager_test.go
index 54622114f..6a11c1a40 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/routers/manager_test.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/routers/manager_test.go
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ func Test_UpdateRouterSuccessfully(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 	}
+	router.ID = "testRouterId"
 
 	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -115,3 +116,96 @@ func Test_UpdateRouterSuccessfully(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, router.Metric, updatedRouter.Metric)
 }
+
+func Test_UpdateRouterRejectsCrossAccountID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	userID := "testAdminId"
+
+	// Admin of testAccountId tries to update a router that belongs to otherAccountId
+	// by passing the other account's router ID through the URL.
+	router, err := types.NewNetworkRouter("testAccountId", "testNetworkId", "testPeerId", []string{}, false, 1, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	router.ID = "otherRouterId"
+
+	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+	am := mock_server.MockAccountManager{}
+	manager := NewManager(s, &am)
+
+	updatedRouter, err := manager.UpdateRouter(ctx, userID, router)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, updatedRouter)
+
+	// The other account's router must be untouched.
+	stored, err := s.GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "otherAccountId", "otherRouterId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "otherAccountId", stored.AccountID)
+	require.Equal(t, "otherNetworkId", stored.NetworkID)
+	require.Equal(t, "otherPeer", stored.Peer)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, stored.Metric)
+}
+
+func Test_CreateRouterRejectsCrossAccountID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	userID := "testAdminId"
+
+	// Admin of testAccountId tries to create a router in otherAccountId's network.
+	// The permission check is on router.AccountID (their own), but the network
+	// lookup must fail because (testAccountId, otherNetworkId) does not exist.
+	router, err := types.NewNetworkRouter("testAccountId", "otherNetworkId", "testPeerId", []string{}, false, 1, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+	am := mock_server.MockAccountManager{}
+	manager := NewManager(s, &am)
+
+	createdRouter, err := manager.CreateRouter(ctx, userID, router)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, createdRouter)
+
+	// No router should have been created in either account's scope under otherNetworkId.
+	routersInOther, err := s.GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "otherAccountId", "otherNetworkId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, routersInOther, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, "otherRouterId", routersInOther[0].ID)
+}
+
+func Test_UpdateRouterRejectsNetworkMismatch(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	userID := "testAdminId"
+
+	// The router exists in testNetworkId, but the caller submits secondNetworkId
+	// (a different network in the same account). The update must be refused.
+	router, err := types.NewNetworkRouter("testAccountId", "secondNetworkId", "testPeerId", []string{}, false, 1, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+	router.ID = "testRouterId"
+
+	s, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../../testdata/networks.sql", t.TempDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+	am := mock_server.MockAccountManager{}
+	manager := NewManager(s, &am)
+
+	updatedRouter, err := manager.UpdateRouter(ctx, userID, router)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, updatedRouter)
+
+	stored, err := s.GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, "testAccountId", "testRouterId")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, "testNetworkId", stored.NetworkID)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/networks/routers/types/router.go b/management/server/networks/routers/types/router.go
index 1293a9934..189d7f792 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/routers/types/router.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/routers/types/router.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ type NetworkRouter struct {
 	ID         string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
 	NetworkID  string `gorm:"index"`
 	AccountID  string `gorm:"index"`
+	PublicID   string `json:"-"`
 	Peer       string
 	PeerGroups []string `gorm:"serializer:json"`
 	Masquerade bool
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ func (n *NetworkRouter) Copy() *NetworkRouter {
 		ID:         n.ID,
 		NetworkID:  n.NetworkID,
 		AccountID:  n.AccountID,
+		PublicID:   n.PublicID,
 		Peer:       n.Peer,
 		PeerGroups: n.PeerGroups,
 		Masquerade: n.Masquerade,
diff --git a/management/server/networks/types/network.go b/management/server/networks/types/network.go
index 69d596f8b..6f7381bff 100644
--- a/management/server/networks/types/network.go
+++ b/management/server/networks/types/network.go
@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 type Network struct {
-	ID          string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
-	AccountID   string `gorm:"index"`
+	ID        string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
+	AccountID string `gorm:"index"`
+
+	PublicID string `json:"-"`
+
 	Name        string
 	Description string
 }
@@ -41,11 +44,12 @@ func (n *Network) FromAPIRequest(req *api.NetworkRequest) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Copy returns a copy of a posture checks.
+// Copy returns a copy of a network.
 func (n *Network) Copy() *Network {
 	return &Network{
 		ID:          n.ID,
 		AccountID:   n.AccountID,
+		PublicID:    n.PublicID,
 		Name:        n.Name,
 		Description: n.Description,
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/peer.go b/management/server/peer.go
index 9d78c93a9..c39269c13 100644
--- a/management/server/peer.go
+++ b/management/server/peer.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	b64 "encoding/base64"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -15,21 +16,32 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/geolocation"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
-const remoteJobsMinVer = "0.64.0"
+type peerExpirationReason string
+
+const (
+	remoteJobsMinVer = "0.64.0"
+
+	peerExpirationSessionExpired   peerExpirationReason = "session expiration"
+	peerExpirationInactivity       peerExpirationReason = "inactivity timeout"
+	peerExpirationValidationFailed peerExpirationReason = "failed integration validation"
+	peerExpirationUserBlocked      peerExpirationReason = "blocked owner account"
+)
 
 // GetPeers returns a list of peers under the given account filtering out peers that do not belong to a user if
 // the current user is not an admin.
@@ -39,13 +51,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	accountPeers, err := am.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, nameFilter, ipFilter)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	if all || user.IsAdminOrServiceUser() {
-		return accountPeers, nil
+		return am.Store.GetAccountPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, nameFilter, ipFilter)
 	}
 
 	settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
@@ -57,135 +64,171 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID
 		return []*nbpeer.Peer{}, nil
 	}
 
-	// @note if it does not have permission read peers then only display it's own peers
-	peers := make([]*nbpeer.Peer, 0)
-	peersMap := make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer)
-
-	for _, peer := range accountPeers {
-		if user.Id != peer.UserID {
-			continue
-		}
-		peers = append(peers, peer)
-		peersMap[peer.ID] = peer
-	}
-
-	return am.getUserAccessiblePeers(ctx, accountID, peersMap, peers)
+	return am.Store.GetUserPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, userID)
 }
 
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) getUserAccessiblePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peersMap map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, peers []*nbpeer.Peer) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
-	account, err := am.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
+// MarkPeerConnected marks a peer as connected with optimistic-locked
+// fencing on PeerStatus.SessionStartedAt. The sessionStartedAt argument
+// is the start time of the gRPC sync stream that owns this update,
+// expressed as Unix nanoseconds — only the call whose token is greater
+// than what's stored wins. LastSeen is written by the database itself;
+// we never pass it down.
+//
+// Disconnects use MarkPeerDisconnected and require the session to match
+// exactly; see PeerStatus.SessionStartedAt for the protocol.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64, nmap *types.NetworkMap) error {
+	start := time.Now()
+	defer func() {
+		am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().RecordPeerStatusUpdateDuration(telemetry.PeerStatusConnect, time.Since(start))
+	}()
+
+	peer, err := am.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	approvedPeersMap, err := am.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, accountID, maps.Values(account.Groups), maps.Values(account.Peers), account.Settings.Extra)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	// fetch all the peers that have access to the user's peers
-	for _, peer := range peers {
-		aclPeers, _, _, _ := account.GetPeerConnectionResources(ctx, peer, approvedPeersMap, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-		for _, p := range aclPeers {
-			peersMap[p.ID] = p
+		outcome := telemetry.PeerStatusError
+		if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && s.Type() == status.NotFound {
+			outcome = telemetry.PeerStatusPeerNotFound
 		}
-	}
-
-	return maps.Values(peersMap), nil
-}
-
-// MarkPeerConnected marks peer as connected (true) or disconnected (false)
-// syncTime is used as the LastSeen timestamp and for stale request detection
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) MarkPeerConnected(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, connected bool, realIP net.IP, accountID string, syncTime time.Time) error {
-	var peer *nbpeer.Peer
-	var settings *types.Settings
-	var expired bool
-	var err error
-	var skipped bool
-
-	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		peer, err = transaction.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, peerPubKey)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if connected && !syncTime.After(peer.Status.LastSeen) {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("peer %s has newer activity (lastSeen=%s >= syncTime=%s), skipping connect",
-				peer.ID, peer.Status.LastSeen.Format(time.RFC3339), syncTime.Format(time.RFC3339))
-			skipped = true
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		expired, err = updatePeerStatusAndLocation(ctx, am.geo, transaction, peer, connected, realIP, accountID, syncTime)
+		am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerStatusUpdate(telemetry.PeerStatusConnect, outcome)
 		return err
-	})
-	if skipped {
+	}
+
+	updated, err := am.Store.MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, sessionStartedAt)
+	if err != nil {
+		am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerStatusUpdate(telemetry.PeerStatusConnect, telemetry.PeerStatusError)
+		return err
+	}
+	if !updated {
+		am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerStatusUpdate(telemetry.PeerStatusConnect, telemetry.PeerStatusStale)
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer %s already has a newer session in store, skipping connect", peer.ID)
 		return nil
 	}
-	if err != nil {
+	am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerStatusUpdate(telemetry.PeerStatusConnect, telemetry.PeerStatusApplied)
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("mark peer %s connected", peer.ID)
+
+	if err = am.schedulePeerExpirations(ctx, accountID, peer); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	if peer.AddedWithSSOLogin() {
-		settings, err = am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		if peer.LoginExpirationEnabled && settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled {
-			am.schedulePeerLoginExpiration(ctx, accountID)
-		}
-
-		if peer.InactivityExpirationEnabled && settings.PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled {
-			am.checkAndSchedulePeerInactivityExpiration(ctx, accountID)
+	// A login-expired peer reconnecting, or an embedded proxy peer flipping to
+	// connected (which triggers SynthesizePrivateServiceZones), must refresh the
+	// peers reachable from it. The embedded-proxy fan-out tolerates a dispatch error.
+	if peer.Status != nil && peer.Status.LoginExpired {
+		affectedPeerIDs := am.markConnectedAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, nmap)
+		if err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, []string{peer.ID}, affectedPeerIDs); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("notify network map controller of peer update: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
-
-	if expired {
-		err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, []string{peer.ID})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("notify network map controller of peer update: %w", err)
+	if peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
+		affectedPeerIDs := am.markConnectedAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, nmap)
+		if err := am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, []string{peer.ID}, affectedPeerIDs); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("notify network map controller of embedded proxy %s connect: %v", peer.ID, err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func updatePeerStatusAndLocation(ctx context.Context, geo geolocation.Geolocation, transaction store.Store, peer *nbpeer.Peer, connected bool, realIP net.IP, accountID string, syncTime time.Time) (bool, error) {
-	oldStatus := peer.Status.Copy()
-	newStatus := oldStatus
-	newStatus.LastSeen = syncTime
-	newStatus.Connected = connected
-	// whenever peer got connected that means that it logged in successfully
-	if newStatus.Connected {
-		newStatus.LoginExpired = false
+// schedulePeerExpirations reschedules the account's login/inactivity expiration
+// timers for an SSO peer that just connected.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) schedulePeerExpirations(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) error {
+	if !peer.AddedWithSSOLogin() {
+		return nil
 	}
-	peer.Status = newStatus
+	settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if peer.LoginExpirationEnabled && settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled {
+		am.schedulePeerLoginExpiration(ctx, accountID)
+	}
+	if peer.InactivityExpirationEnabled && settings.PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled {
+		am.checkAndSchedulePeerInactivityExpiration(ctx, accountID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 
-	if geo != nil && realIP != nil {
-		location, err := geo.Lookup(realIP)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to get location for peer %s realip: [%s]: %v", peer.ID, realIP.String(), err)
-		} else {
-			peer.Location.ConnectionIP = realIP
-			peer.Location.CountryCode = location.Country.ISOCode
-			peer.Location.CityName = location.City.Names.En
-			peer.Location.GeoNameID = location.City.GeonameID
-			err = transaction.SavePeerLocation(ctx, accountID, peer)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("could not store location for peer %s: %s", peer.ID, err)
-			}
+// MarkPeerDisconnected marks a peer as disconnected, but only when the
+// stored session token matches the one passed in. A mismatch means a
+// newer stream has already taken ownership of the peer — disconnects from
+// the older stream are ignored. LastSeen is written by the database.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) MarkPeerDisconnected(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey string, accountID string, sessionStartedAt int64) error {
+	start := time.Now()
+	defer func() {
+		am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().RecordPeerStatusUpdateDuration(telemetry.PeerStatusDisconnect, time.Since(start))
+	}()
+
+	peer, err := am.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, peerPubKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		outcome := telemetry.PeerStatusError
+		if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && s.Type() == status.NotFound {
+			outcome = telemetry.PeerStatusPeerNotFound
+		}
+		am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerStatusUpdate(telemetry.PeerStatusDisconnect, outcome)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	updated, err := am.Store.MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, sessionStartedAt)
+	if err != nil {
+		am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerStatusUpdate(telemetry.PeerStatusDisconnect, telemetry.PeerStatusError)
+		return err
+	}
+	if !updated {
+		am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerStatusUpdate(telemetry.PeerStatusDisconnect, telemetry.PeerStatusStale)
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer %s session token mismatch on disconnect (token=%d), skipping",
+			peer.ID, sessionStartedAt)
+		return nil
+	}
+	am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerStatusUpdate(telemetry.PeerStatusDisconnect, telemetry.PeerStatusApplied)
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("mark peer %s disconnected", peer.ID)
+
+	// Symmetric with MarkPeerConnected: when an embedded proxy peer goes
+	// offline, refresh the peers that had synthesized records pointing at
+	// it so they pull the stale entries instead of waiting out TTL.
+	if peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
+		changedPeerIDs := []string{peer.ID}
+		affectedPeerIDs := am.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, am.Store, accountID, changedPeerIDs)
+		if err := am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, changedPeerIDs, affectedPeerIDs); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("notify network map controller of embedded proxy %s disconnect: %v", peer.ID, err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("saving peer status for peer %s is connected: %t", peer.ID, connected)
-
-	err := transaction.SavePeerStatus(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, *newStatus)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
+	if peer.AddedWithSSOLogin() && peer.InactivityExpirationEnabled {
+		settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed getting account settings to schedule inactivity expiration for peer %s: %v", peer.ID, err)
+		} else if settings.PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled {
+			am.checkAndSchedulePeerInactivityExpiration(ctx, accountID)
+		}
 	}
 
-	return oldStatus.LoginExpired, nil
+	return nil
+}
+
+// resolvePeerLocation looks up the geo location for realIP, returning nil when
+// there is nothing to apply: geo disabled, no real IP, the IP is unchanged from
+// what the peer already has, or the lookup failed. Geo lookups are skipped on
+// same-IP reconnects since they are comparatively expensive. The returned value
+// is applied by Peer.UpdateMetaIfNew so the change is persisted by its peer save.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) resolvePeerLocation(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer, realIP net.IP) *nbpeer.Location {
+	if am.geo == nil || realIP == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	location, err := am.geo.Lookup(realIP)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to get location for peer %s realip: [%s]: %v", peer.ID, realIP.String(), err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if peer.Location.ConnectionIP != nil && peer.Location.ConnectionIP.Equal(realIP) && peer.Location.GeoNameID == location.City.GeonameID {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &nbpeer.Location{
+		ConnectionIP: realIP,
+		CountryCode:  location.Country.ISOCode,
+		CityName:     location.City.Names.En,
+		GeoNameID:    location.City.GeonameID,
+	}
 }
 
 // UpdatePeer updates peer. Only Peer.Name, Peer.SSHEnabled, Peer.LoginExpirationEnabled and Peer.InactivityExpirationEnabled can be updated.
@@ -319,7 +362,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdatePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 		}
 	}
 
-	err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, []string{peer.ID})
+	changedPeerIDs := []string{peer.ID}
+	affectedPeerIDs := am.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, am.Store, accountID, changedPeerIDs)
+	affectedPeerIDs = append(affectedPeerIDs, peer.ID)
+	err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, changedPeerIDs, affectedPeerIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("notify network map controller of peer update: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -337,8 +383,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreatePeerJob(ctx context.Context, accountID, p
 		return status.NewPeerNotPartOfAccountError()
 	}
 
-	meetMinVer, err := posture.MeetsMinVersion(remoteJobsMinVer, p.Meta.WtVersion)
-	if !strings.Contains(p.Meta.WtVersion, "dev") && (!meetMinVer || err != nil) {
+	meetMinVer, err := version.MeetsMinVersion(remoteJobsMinVer, p.Meta.WtVersion)
+	if !version.IsDevelopmentVersion(p.Meta.WtVersion) && (!meetMinVer || err != nil) {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "peer version %s does not meet the minimum required version %s for remote jobs", p.Meta.WtVersion, remoteJobsMinVer)
 	}
 
@@ -441,10 +487,6 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peer
 		return status.NewPeerNotPartOfAccountError()
 	}
 
-	var peer *nbpeer.Peer
-	var settings *types.Settings
-	var eventsToStore []func()
-
 	serviceID, err := am.serviceManager.GetServiceIDByTargetID(ctx, accountID, peerID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to check if resource is used by service: %w", err)
@@ -453,8 +495,38 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peer
 		return status.NewPeerInUseError(peerID, serviceID)
 	}
 
-	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		peer, err = transaction.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peerID)
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedPeerIDs: []string{peerID}}
+	settings, eventsToStore, snap, err := am.deletePeerInTransaction(ctx, accountID, userID, peerID, change)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, storeEvent := range eventsToStore {
+		storeEvent()
+	}
+
+	if err = am.integratedPeerValidator.PeerDeleted(ctx, accountID, peerID, settings.Extra); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete peer %s from integrated validator: %v", peerID, err)
+	}
+
+	affectedPeerIDs := snap.Expand(ctx, accountID, change)
+	if err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersDeleted(ctx, accountID, []string{peerID}, affectedPeerIDs); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete peer %s from network map: %v", peerID, err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// deletePeerInTransaction loads the peer + settings, captures the affected-peers
+// snapshot (before the delete, while the peer's group memberships still exist),
+// then deletes the peer and bumps the network serial — all in one transaction.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) deletePeerInTransaction(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID, peerID string, change affectedpeers.Change) (*types.Settings, []func(), *affectedpeers.Snapshot, error) {
+	var settings *types.Settings
+	var eventsToStore []func()
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+
+	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		peer, err := transaction.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peerID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -468,8 +540,11 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peer
 			return err
 		}
 
-		eventsToStore, err = deletePeers(ctx, am, transaction, accountID, userID, []*nbpeer.Peer{peer}, settings)
-		if err != nil {
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if eventsToStore, err = deletePeers(ctx, am, transaction, accountID, userID, []*nbpeer.Peer{peer}, settings); err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete peer: %w", err)
 		}
 
@@ -479,23 +554,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peer
 
 		return nil
 	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for _, storeEvent := range eventsToStore {
-		storeEvent()
-	}
-
-	if err = am.integratedPeerValidator.PeerDeleted(ctx, accountID, peerID, settings.Extra); err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete peer %s from integrated validator: %v", peerID, err)
-	}
-
-	if err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersDeleted(ctx, accountID, []string{peerID}); err != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete peer %s from network map: %v", peerID, err)
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return settings, eventsToStore, snap, err
 }
 
 // GetNetworkMap returns Network map for a given peer (omits original peer from the Peers result)
@@ -513,6 +572,27 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPeerNetwork(ctx context.Context, peerID stri
 	return account.Network.Copy(), err
 }
 
+// peerWillHaveIPv6 checks whether the peer's future group memberships
+// (auto-groups + allGroupID) overlap with IPv6EnabledGroups.
+func peerWillHaveIPv6(settings *types.Settings, groupsToAdd []string, allGroupID string) bool {
+	enabledSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(settings.IPv6EnabledGroups))
+	for _, gid := range settings.IPv6EnabledGroups {
+		enabledSet[gid] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	if allGroupID != "" {
+		if _, ok := enabledSet[allGroupID]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, gid := range groupsToAdd {
+		if _, ok := enabledSet[gid]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type peerAddAuthConfig struct {
 	AccountID           string
 	SetupKeyID          string
@@ -608,10 +688,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handleSetupKeyAddedPeer(ctx context.Context, en
 // to it. We also add the User ID to the peer metadata to identify registrant. If no userID provided, then fail with status.PermissionDenied
 // Each new Peer will be assigned a new next net.IP from the Account.Network and Account.Network.LastIP will be updated (IP's are not reused).
 // The peer property is just a placeholder for the Peer properties to pass further
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKey, userID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, temporary bool) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error) {
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKey, userID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, temporary bool) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error) {
 	if setupKey == "" && userID == "" && !peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
 		// no auth method provided => reject access
-		return nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.Unauthenticated, "no peer auth method provided, please use a setup key or interactive SSO login")
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, status.ErrNoAuthMethodProvided
 	}
 
 	upperKey := strings.ToUpper(setupKey)
@@ -627,7 +707,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKe
 	// The connecting peer should be able to recover with a retry.
 	_, err := am.Store.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, peer.Key)
 	if err == nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "peer has been already registered")
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "peer has been already registered")
 	}
 
 	opEvent := &activity.Event{
@@ -638,7 +718,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKe
 
 	peerAddConfig, err := am.processPeerAddAuth(ctx, accountID, userID, encodedHashedKey, peer, temporary, addedByUser, addedBySetupKey, opEvent)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, err
 	}
 	accountID = peerAddConfig.AccountID
 	ephemeral := peerAddConfig.Ephemeral
@@ -653,7 +733,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKe
 	}
 
 	if err := domain.ValidateDomainsList(peer.ExtraDNSLabels); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "invalid extra DNS labels: %v", err)
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "invalid extra DNS labels: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	registrationTime := time.Now().UTC()
@@ -679,7 +759,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKe
 	}
 	settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get account settings: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get account settings: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if am.geo != nil && newPeer.Location.ConnectionIP != nil {
@@ -697,32 +777,61 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKe
 
 	network, err := am.Store.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed getting network: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed getting network: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	maxAttempts := 10
 	for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt++ {
-		var freeIP net.IP
-		freeIP, err = types.AllocateRandomPeerIP(network.Net)
+		netPrefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(network.Net.String())
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get free IP: %w", err)
+			return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("parse network prefix: %w", err)
+		}
+		freeIP, err := types.AllocateRandomPeerIP(netPrefix)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get free IP: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		var freeLabel string
 		if ephemeral || attempt > 1 {
 			freeLabel, err = getPeerIPDNSLabel(freeIP, peer.Meta.Hostname)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get free DNS label: %w", err)
+				return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get free DNS label: %w", err)
 			}
 		} else {
 			freeLabel, err = nbdns.GetParsedDomainLabel(peer.Meta.Hostname)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get free DNS label: %w", err)
+				return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed to get free DNS label: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 		newPeer.DNSLabel = freeLabel
 		newPeer.IP = freeIP
 
+		if len(settings.IPv6EnabledGroups) > 0 && network.NetV6.IP != nil {
+			// Embedded proxy peers are not group members but participate in any
+			// IPv6-enabled overlay so reverse-proxy traffic reaches v6-only peers.
+			allocate := peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded
+			if !allocate {
+				var allGroupID string
+				if allGroup, err := am.Store.GetGroupByName(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, types.GroupAllName); err == nil {
+					allGroupID = allGroup.ID
+				} else {
+					log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("get All group for IPv6 allocation: %v", err)
+				}
+				allocate = peerWillHaveIPv6(settings, peerAddConfig.GroupsToAdd, allGroupID)
+			}
+			if allocate {
+				v6Prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(network.NetV6.String())
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("parse IPv6 prefix: %w", err)
+				}
+				freeIPv6, err := types.AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(v6Prefix)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("allocate peer IPv6: %w", err)
+				}
+				newPeer.IPv6 = freeIPv6
+			}
+		}
+
 		err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 			err = transaction.AddPeerToAccount(ctx, newPeer)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -790,14 +899,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKe
 			continue
 		}
 
-		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to add peer to database: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("failed to add peer to database: %w", err)
 	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to add peer to database after %d attempts: %w", maxAttempts, err)
-	}
-
 	if newPeer == nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("new peer is nil")
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("new peer is nil")
 	}
 
 	opEvent.TargetID = newPeer.ID
@@ -805,37 +910,49 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, setupKe
 	if !addedByUser {
 		opEvent.Meta["setup_key_name"] = peerAddConfig.SetupKeyName
 	}
+	requiresApproval := newPeer.Status != nil && newPeer.Status.RequiresApproval
+	if requiresApproval {
+		opEvent.Meta["pending_approval"] = true
+	}
 
 	if !temporary {
 		am.StoreEvent(ctx, opEvent.InitiatorID, opEvent.TargetID, opEvent.AccountID, opEvent.Activity, opEvent.Meta)
 	}
 
-	if err := am.networkMapController.OnPeersAdded(ctx, accountID, []string{newPeer.ID}); err != nil {
+	network, postureChecks, enableSSH, err := getPeerLoginInfo(ctx, am.Store, accountID, newPeer, !requiresApproval)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	changedPeerIDs := []string{newPeer.ID}
+	affectedPeerIDs := am.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, am.Store, accountID, changedPeerIDs)
+	if err := am.networkMapController.OnPeersAdded(ctx, accountID, changedPeerIDs, affectedPeerIDs); err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to update network map cache for peer %s: %v", newPeer.ID, err)
 	}
 
-	p, nmap, pc, _, err := am.networkMapController.GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx, false, accountID, newPeer)
-	return p, nmap, pc, err
+	return newPeer, network, postureChecks, enableSSH, nil
 }
 
-func getPeerIPDNSLabel(ip net.IP, peerHostName string) (string, error) {
-	ip = ip.To4()
+func getPeerIPDNSLabel(ip netip.Addr, peerHostName string) (string, error) {
+	if !ip.Is4() {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("DNS label generation requires an IPv4 address, got %s", ip)
+	}
+	b := ip.As4()
 
 	dnsName, err := nbdns.GetParsedDomainLabel(peerHostName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to parse peer host name %s: %w", peerHostName, err)
 	}
 
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d-%d", dnsName, ip[2], ip[3]), nil
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d-%d", dnsName, b[2], b[3]), nil
 }
 
 // SyncPeer checks whether peer is eligible for receiving NetworkMap (authenticated) and returns its NetworkMap if eligible
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, int64, error) {
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSync, accountID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, int64, error) {
 	var peer *nbpeer.Peer
-	var updated, versionChanged bool
+	var ipv6CapabilityChanged bool
+	var metaDiff nbpeer.MetaDiff
 	var err error
-	var postureChecks []*posture.Checks
-	var peerGroupIDs []string
 
 	settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -863,23 +980,16 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSy
 			return status.NewPeerLoginExpiredError()
 		}
 
-		peerGroupIDs, err = getPeerGroupIDs(ctx, transaction, accountID, peer.ID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		updated, versionChanged = peer.UpdateMetaIfNew(sync.Meta)
-		if updated {
+		oldHasIPv6Cap := peer.HasCapability(nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay)
+		newLocation := am.resolvePeerLocation(ctx, peer, sync.RealIP)
+		metaDiff = peer.UpdateMetaIfNew(ctx, sync.Meta, newLocation)
+		ipv6CapabilityChanged = oldHasIPv6Cap != peer.HasCapability(nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay)
+		if metaDiff.Updated() {
 			am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerMetUpdate()
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("peer %s metadata updated", peer.ID)
 			if err = transaction.SavePeer(ctx, accountID, peer); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
-
-			postureChecks, err = getPeerPostureChecks(ctx, transaction, accountID, peer.ID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
 		}
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -887,22 +997,93 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SyncPeer(ctx context.Context, sync types.PeerSy
 		return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
 	}
 
+	peerGroupIDs, err := getPeerGroupIDs(ctx, am.Store, accountID, peer.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
+	}
+
 	peerNotValid, isStatusChanged, err := am.integratedPeerValidator.IsNotValidPeer(ctx, accountID, peer, peerGroupIDs, settings.Extra)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
 	}
 
-	if isStatusChanged || sync.UpdateAccountPeers || (updated && (len(postureChecks) > 0 || versionChanged)) {
-		err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, []string{peer.ID})
-		if err != nil {
+	nmap, resPostureChecks, dnsFwdPort, err := am.networkMapController.GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx, peerNotValid, accountID, peer.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	metaDiffAffectsPosture := metaDiffAffectsPosture(&metaDiff, resPostureChecks)
+	if requiresPeerUpdate(ctx, isStatusChanged, sync.UpdateAccountPeers, ipv6CapabilityChanged, metaDiffAffectsPosture, metaDiff.VersionChanged(), metaDiff.HostnameChanged()) {
+		changedPeerIDs := []string{peer.ID}
+		affectedPeerIDs := am.syncPeerAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, nmap, peerNotValid, metaDiffAffectsPosture)
+		if err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, changedPeerIDs, affectedPeerIDs); err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("notify network map controller of peer update: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	return am.networkMapController.GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx, peerNotValid, accountID, peer)
+	return peer, nmap, resPostureChecks, dnsFwdPort, nil
 }
 
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handlePeerLoginNotFound(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin, err error) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error) {
+// metaDiffAffectsPosture reports whether the meta change flips the verdict of any of
+// the peer's posture checks, replaying them against the old and new state.
+func metaDiffAffectsPosture(diff *nbpeer.MetaDiff, checks []*nmdata.PostureChecks) bool {
+	oldPeer := types.TwinPeer(&nbpeer.Peer{Meta: diff.OldMeta, Location: diff.OldLocation})
+	newPeer := types.TwinPeer(&nbpeer.Peer{Meta: diff.NewMeta, Location: diff.NewLocation})
+	return nmdata.PostureVerdictChanged(checks, oldPeer, newPeer)
+}
+
+func requiresPeerUpdate(ctx context.Context, isStatusChanged, updateAccountPeers, ipv6CapabilityChanged, metaDiffAffectsPosture, versionChanged, hostname bool) bool {
+	var reason string
+	switch {
+	case isStatusChanged:
+		reason = "status changed"
+	case updateAccountPeers:
+		reason = "update account peers"
+	case ipv6CapabilityChanged:
+		reason = "ipv6 capability changed"
+	case metaDiffAffectsPosture:
+		reason = "meta diff affects posture"
+	case versionChanged:
+		reason = "version changed"
+	case hostname:
+		reason = "hostname changed"
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("peer update required: %s", reason)
+	return true
+}
+
+// syncPeerAffectedPeers resolves the peers affected by a SyncPeer change. The
+// peer's own validated network map is bidirectional for policy and routing
+// reachability, so when the peer stays valid and no source-posture gate is in
+// play it already lists every affected peer — reuse it and skip the full
+// dependency walk. Posture checks gate the source side of a policy only, so a
+// metadata change that flips a posture result removes this peer from others'
+// maps asymmetrically; that case (and an invalid peer, whose map is empty) falls
+// back to the resolver.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) syncPeerAffectedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, nmap *types.NetworkMap, peerNotValid, metaChangeAffectedPosture bool) []string {
+	if peerNotValid || metaChangeAffectedPosture {
+		return am.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, am.Store, accountID, []string{peerID})
+	}
+	return affectedPeerIDsFromNetworkMap(nmap, peerID)
+}
+
+// markConnectedAffectedPeers resolves the peers affected when a peer connects
+// (login-expiry reconnect or embedded-proxy connect). The connecting peer's
+// network map already lists them bidirectionally — the synthesized
+// private-service policy puts proxy access-group members in the proxy peer's own
+// map, and these edges carry no source-posture gate. An invalid peer has an
+// empty map, so fall back to the resolver in that case.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) markConnectedAffectedPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, nmap *types.NetworkMap) []string {
+	if nmap == nil || len(nmap.Peers)+len(nmap.OfflinePeers) == 0 {
+		return am.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, am.Store, accountID, []string{peerID})
+	}
+	return affectedPeerIDsFromNetworkMap(nmap, peerID)
+}
+
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handlePeerLoginNotFound(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin, err error) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error) {
 	if errStatus, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && errStatus.Type() == status.NotFound {
 		// we couldn't find this peer by its public key which can mean that peer hasn't been registered yet.
 		// Try registering it.
@@ -918,12 +1099,12 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) handlePeerLoginNotFound(ctx context.Context, lo
 	}
 
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed while logging in peer %s: %v", login.WireGuardPubKey, err)
-	return nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed while logging in peer")
+	return nil, nil, nil, false, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed while logging in peer")
 }
 
 // LoginPeer logs in or registers a peer.
 // If peer doesn't exist the function checks whether a setup key or a user is present and registers a new peer if so.
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.NetworkMap, []*posture.Checks, error) {
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.PeerLogin) (*nbpeer.Peer, *types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error) {
 	accountID, err := am.Store.GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey(ctx, login.WireGuardPubKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return am.handlePeerLoginNotFound(ctx, login, err)
@@ -935,19 +1116,17 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.Peer
 	if login.UserID == "" {
 		err = am.checkIFPeerNeedsLoginWithoutLock(ctx, accountID, login)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, nil, err
+			return nil, nil, nil, false, err
 		}
 	}
 
 	var peer *nbpeer.Peer
-	var updateRemotePeers bool
-	var isPeerUpdated bool
-	var postureChecks []*posture.Checks
+	var shouldStorePeer, shouldUpdatePeers bool
 	var peerGroupIDs []string
 
 	settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, err
 	}
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
@@ -956,9 +1135,6 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.Peer
 			return err
 		}
 
-		// this flag prevents unnecessary calls to the persistent store.
-		shouldStorePeer := false
-
 		if login.UserID != "" {
 			if peer.UserID != login.UserID {
 				log.Warnf("user mismatch when logging in peer %s: peer user %s, login user %s ", peer.ID, peer.UserID, login.UserID)
@@ -972,30 +1148,13 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.Peer
 
 			if changed {
 				shouldStorePeer = true
-				updateRemotePeers = true
-			}
-		}
-
-		peerGroupIDs, err = getPeerGroupIDs(ctx, transaction, accountID, peer.ID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		isPeerUpdated, _ = peer.UpdateMetaIfNew(login.Meta)
-		if isPeerUpdated {
-			am.metrics.AccountManagerMetrics().CountPeerMetUpdate()
-			shouldStorePeer = true
-
-			postureChecks, err = getPeerPostureChecks(ctx, transaction, accountID, peer.ID)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
+				shouldUpdatePeers = true
 			}
 		}
 
 		if peer.SSHKey != login.SSHKey {
 			peer.SSHKey = login.SSHKey
 			shouldStorePeer = true
-			updateRemotePeers = true
 		}
 
 		if !peer.AllowExtraDNSLabels && len(login.ExtraDNSLabels) > 0 {
@@ -1011,32 +1170,156 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) LoginPeer(ctx context.Context, login types.Peer
 		return nil
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, err
 	}
 
-	isRequiresApproval, isStatusChanged, err := am.integratedPeerValidator.IsNotValidPeer(ctx, accountID, peer, peerGroupIDs, settings.Extra)
+	// This is needed to keep in memory for the peer config. Otherwise browser client will end in a retry loop
+	peer.Meta = login.Meta
+
+	peerGroupIDs, err = getPeerGroupIDs(ctx, am.Store, accountID, peer.ID)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, err
 	}
 
-	if updateRemotePeers || isStatusChanged || (isPeerUpdated && len(postureChecks) > 0) {
-		err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, []string{peer.ID})
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("notify network map controller of peer update: %w", err)
+	isRequiresApproval, _, err := am.integratedPeerValidator.IsNotValidPeer(ctx, accountID, peer, peerGroupIDs, settings.Extra)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	network, postureChecks, enableSSH, err := getPeerLoginInfo(ctx, am.Store, accountID, peer, !isRequiresApproval)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	if shouldUpdatePeers {
+		changedPeerIDs := []string{peer.ID}
+		affectedPeerIDs := am.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, am.Store, accountID, changedPeerIDs)
+		if err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, changedPeerIDs, affectedPeerIDs); err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("notify network map controller of peer update: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	p, nmap, pc, _, err := am.networkMapController.GetValidatedPeerWithMap(ctx, isRequiresApproval, accountID, peer)
-	return p, nmap, pc, err
+	return peer, network, postureChecks, enableSSH, nil
+}
+
+// ExtendPeerSession refreshes the peer's SSO session deadline by updating
+// LastLogin after a successful JWT validation. The tunnel is untouched: no
+// network map sync, no peer reconnect.
+//
+// Preconditions enforced here:
+//   - userID must be present (caller validated the JWT and extracted the user ID).
+//   - The peer must exist and be SSO-registered (AddedWithSSOLogin) with
+//     LoginExpirationEnabled.
+//   - Account-level PeerLoginExpirationEnabled must be true.
+//   - The JWT user must match peer.UserID (mirrors LoginPeer at peer.go ~1028).
+//
+// Returns the new absolute UTC deadline.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ExtendPeerSession(ctx context.Context, peerPubKey, userID string) (time.Time, error) {
+	if userID == "" {
+		return time.Time{}, status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "session extend requires a JWT")
+	}
+
+	accountID, err := am.Store.GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey(ctx, peerPubKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+
+	settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+	if !settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled {
+		return time.Time{}, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "peer login expiration is disabled for the account")
+	}
+
+	var refreshed *nbpeer.Peer
+	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		peer, err := transaction.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, peerPubKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if !peer.AddedWithSSOLogin() || !peer.LoginExpirationEnabled {
+			return status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "peer is not eligible for session extension")
+		}
+
+		if peer.UserID != userID {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("user mismatch when extending session for peer %s: peer user %s, jwt user %s", peer.ID, peer.UserID, userID)
+			return status.NewPeerLoginMismatchError()
+		}
+
+		peer = peer.UpdateLastLogin()
+		if err := transaction.SavePeer(ctx, accountID, peer); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := transaction.SaveUserLastLogin(ctx, accountID, userID, peer.GetLastLogin()); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("failed to update user last login during session extend: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, peer.ID, accountID, activity.UserExtendedPeerSession, peer.EventMeta(am.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(settings)))
+		refreshed = peer
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return time.Time{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Reschedule the per-account expiration job. schedulePeerLoginExpiration
+	// is a no-op when a job is already running, but the running job will pick
+	// up the new LastLogin on its next tick. Calling it here is harmless and
+	// guarantees a job is in flight even if a prior one ended right before
+	// the extend.
+	am.schedulePeerLoginExpiration(ctx, accountID)
+
+	return refreshed.SessionExpiresAt(settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled, settings.PeerLoginExpiration), nil
+}
+
+// getPeerLoginInfo computes the login/register response data (network, posture
+// checks, SSH) from the store without building the peer's full network map.
+func getPeerLoginInfo(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer, isValid bool) (*types.Network, []*nmdata.PostureChecks, bool, error) {
+	network, err := transaction.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, false, fmt.Errorf("get account network: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !isValid {
+		return network, nil, false, nil
+	}
+
+	policies, err := transaction.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	peerGroupIDs, err := transaction.GetPeerGroupIDs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peer.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	postureChecks, err := getPeerPostureChecks(ctx, transaction, accountID, peer.ID, peerGroupIDs, policies)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	enableSSH, err := isPeerSSHEnabled(ctx, peer, policies, peerGroupIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, false, err
+	}
+
+	return network, postureChecks, enableSSH, nil
+}
+
+func isPeerSSHEnabled(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer, policies []*types.Policy, peerGroupIDs []string) (bool, error) {
+	groupIDsMap := make(map[string]struct{}, len(peerGroupIDs))
+	for _, peerID := range peerGroupIDs {
+		groupIDsMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return types.PeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies(policies, peer.ID, groupIDsMap, peer.SSHEnabled), nil
 }
 
 // getPeerPostureChecks returns the posture checks for the peer.
-func getPeerPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, peerID string) ([]*posture.Checks, error) {
-	policies, err := transaction.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
+func getPeerPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, peerID string, peerGroupIDs []string, policies []*types.Policy) ([]*nmdata.PostureChecks, error) {
 	if len(policies) == 0 {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
@@ -1048,11 +1331,7 @@ func getPeerPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountI
 			continue
 		}
 
-		postureChecksIDs, err := processPeerPostureChecks(ctx, transaction, policy, accountID, peerID)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
+		postureChecksIDs := processPeerPostureChecks(policy, peerID, peerGroupIDs)
 		peerPostureChecksIDs = append(peerPostureChecksIDs, postureChecksIDs...)
 	}
 
@@ -1061,33 +1340,27 @@ func getPeerPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountI
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return maps.Values(peerPostureChecks), nil
+	return types.TwinPostureChecksList(maps.Values(peerPostureChecks)), nil
 }
 
-// processPeerPostureChecks checks if the peer is in the source group of the policy and returns the posture checks.
-func processPeerPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, policy *types.Policy, accountID, peerID string) ([]string, error) {
+// processPeerPostureChecks returns the policy's posture checks when the peer is a source of the policy, directly or through a source group.
+func processPeerPostureChecks(policy *types.Policy, peerID string, peerGroupIDs []string) []string {
 	for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
 		if !rule.Enabled {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		sourceGroups, err := transaction.GetGroupsByIDs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, rule.Sources)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+		if rule.SourceResource.Type == types.ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID == peerID {
+			return policy.SourcePostureChecks
 		}
 
 		for _, sourceGroup := range rule.Sources {
-			group, ok := sourceGroups[sourceGroup]
-			if !ok {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to check peer in policy source group")
-			}
-
-			if slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID) {
-				return policy.SourcePostureChecks, nil
+			if slices.Contains(peerGroupIDs, sourceGroup) {
+				return policy.SourcePostureChecks
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return nil, nil
+	return nil
 }
 
 // checkIFPeerNeedsLoginWithoutLock checks if the peer needs login without acquiring the account lock. The check validate if the peer was not added via SSO
@@ -1169,15 +1442,19 @@ func checkAuth(ctx context.Context, loginUserID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) error
 
 func peerLoginExpired(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.Peer, settings *types.Settings) bool {
 	expired, expiresIn := peer.LoginExpired(settings.PeerLoginExpiration)
-	expired = settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled && expired
-	if expired || peer.Status.LoginExpired {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer's %s login expired %v ago", peer.ID, expiresIn)
+	if settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled && expired {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer's %s login expired %v ago", peer.ID, -expiresIn)
+		return true
+	}
+	if peer.Status.LoginExpired {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer's %s login is marked as expired", peer.ID)
 		return true
 	}
 	return false
 }
 
-// GetPeer for a given accountID, peerID and userID error if not found.
+// GetPeer returns a peer visible to the user within an account.
+// Users with "peers:read" permission can access any peer. Otherwise, users can access only their own peer.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, userID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
 	peer, err := am.Store.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, peerID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1194,47 +1471,111 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID,
 		return peer, nil
 	}
 
-	return am.checkIfUserOwnsPeer(ctx, accountID, userID, peer)
-}
-
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) checkIfUserOwnsPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) (*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
-	account, err := am.requestBuffer.GetAccountWithBackpressure(ctx, accountID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	approvedPeersMap, err := am.integratedPeerValidator.GetValidatedPeers(ctx, accountID, maps.Values(account.Groups), maps.Values(account.Peers), account.Settings.Extra)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	// it is also possible that user doesn't own the peer but some of his peers have access to it,
-	// this is a valid case, show the peer as well.
-	userPeers, err := am.Store.GetUserPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, userID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	for _, p := range userPeers {
-		aclPeers, _, _, _ := account.GetPeerConnectionResources(ctx, p, approvedPeersMap, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-		for _, aclPeer := range aclPeers {
-			if aclPeer.ID == peer.ID {
-				return peer, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "user %s has no access to peer %s under account %s", userID, peer.ID, accountID)
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountPeers updates all peers that belong to an account.
 // Should be called when changes have to be synced to peers.
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
-	_ = am.networkMapController.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) {
+	_ = am.networkMapController.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
 }
 
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) {
-	_ = am.networkMapController.BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+// ExpandAndUpdateAffected expands a Snapshot (loaded INSIDE the now-committed
+// transaction) into the affected peers and dispatches the network-map refresh.
+// Pure in-memory work plus dispatch, so it runs AFTER commit — the fan-out walk
+// never holds the write lock, over the consistent in-tx snapshot. Exported so the
+// networks sub-package managers (which hold only account.Manager) share it.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot, change affectedpeers.Change) {
+	go am.dispatchAffected(ctx, accountID, []*affectedpeers.Snapshot{snap}, []affectedpeers.Change{change})
+}
+
+// dispatchAffected expands one or more (snapshot, change) pairs — collected across
+// one or several transactions — unions their affected peers, and dispatches a
+// single network-map refresh. Each snapshot must already be loaded inside its
+// transaction; this runs AFTER commit (pure in-memory + dispatch). It is spawned
+// in a goroutine that outlives the request, so it detaches from the request
+// context's cancellation up front.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) dispatchAffected(ctx context.Context, accountID string, snaps []*affectedpeers.Snapshot, changes []affectedpeers.Change) {
+	ctx = context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
+
+	var lists [][]string
+	for i, snap := range snaps {
+		if snap == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		lists = append(lists, snap.Expand(ctx, accountID, changes[i]))
+	}
+
+	affectedPeerIDs := unionStrings(lists...)
+	if len(affectedPeerIDs) == 0 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("no affected peers for account %s", accountID)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("updating %d affected peers for account %s: %v", len(affectedPeerIDs), accountID, affectedPeerIDs)
+	_ = am.networkMapController.UpdateAffectedPeers(ctx, accountID, affectedPeerIDs)
+}
+
+// unionStrings concatenates the given string lists into one deduplicated slice,
+// preserving first-occurrence order.
+func unionStrings(lists ...[]string) []string {
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
+	var out []string
+	for _, list := range lists {
+		for _, id := range list {
+			if _, ok := seen[id]; ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[id] = struct{}{}
+			out = append(out, id)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// affectedPeerIDsFromNetworkMap returns the peer IDs referenced by a peer's
+// network map (its connected and offline peers, which include routing and proxy
+// peers), excluding the peer itself. For a freshly added peer these are, by ACL
+// symmetry, exactly the peers its addition affects.
+func affectedPeerIDsFromNetworkMap(nmap *types.NetworkMap, selfPeerID string) []string {
+	if nmap == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(nmap.Peers)+len(nmap.OfflinePeers))
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(nmap.Peers)+len(nmap.OfflinePeers))
+	add := func(peers []*nmdata.Peer) {
+		for _, p := range peers {
+			if p == nil || p.ID == "" || p.ID == selfPeerID {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, ok := seen[p.ID]; ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[p.ID] = struct{}{}
+			ids = append(ids, p.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	add(nmap.Peers)
+	add(nmap.OfflinePeers)
+	return ids
+}
+
+// resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges loads a snapshot and expands it for a peer
+// change. The graph is unchanged by these paths, so it runs out of the mutating
+// transaction (after commit); the resolver derives the peers' group memberships
+// during the walk, so the caller passes only the changed peer IDs.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx context.Context, s store.Store, accountID string, changedPeerIDs []string) []string {
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{ChangedPeerIDs: changedPeerIDs}
+	snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, s, accountID, change)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to load snapshot for affected peers: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return snap.Expand(ctx, accountID, change)
+}
+
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, reason types.UpdateReason) {
+	_ = am.networkMapController.BufferUpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID, reason)
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountPeer updates a single peer that belongs to an account.
@@ -1245,7 +1586,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) UpdateAccountPeer(ctx context.Context, accountI
 
 // getNextPeerExpiration returns the minimum duration in which the next peer of the account will expire if it was found.
 // If there is no peer that expires this function returns false and a duration of 0.
-// This function only considers peers that haven't been expired yet and that are connected.
+// This function only considers peers that haven't been expired yet. Offline peers count too:
+// a running job is never re-armed on connect, so a peer that reconnects with an old login
+// must already be part of the scheduled run.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) getNextPeerExpiration(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (time.Duration, bool) {
 	peersWithExpiry, err := am.Store.GetAccountPeersWithExpiration(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1265,8 +1608,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) getNextPeerExpiration(ctx context.Context, acco
 
 	var nextExpiry *time.Duration
 	for _, peer := range peersWithExpiry {
-		// consider only connected peers because others will require login on connecting to the management server
-		if peer.Status.LoginExpired || !peer.Status.Connected {
+		if peer.Status.LoginExpired {
 			continue
 		}
 		_, duration := peer.LoginExpired(settings.PeerLoginExpiration)
diff --git a/management/server/peer/peer.go b/management/server/peer/peer.go
index db392ddda..2d3cc8abb 100644
--- a/management/server/peer/peer.go
+++ b/management/server/peer/peer.go
@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
 package peer
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
-	"sort"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+// Peer capability constants mirror the proto enum values.
+const (
+	PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes      = nmdata.PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes
+	PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay         = nmdata.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay
+	PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap = nmdata.PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap
 )
 
 // Peer represents a machine connected to the network.
@@ -21,7 +33,9 @@ type Peer struct {
 	// WireGuard public key
 	Key string // uniqueness index (check migrations)
 	// IP address of the Peer
-	IP net.IP `gorm:"serializer:json"` // uniqueness index per accountID (check migrations)
+	IP netip.Addr `gorm:"serializer:json"` // uniqueness index per accountID (check migrations)
+	// IPv6 overlay address of the Peer, zero value if IPv6 is not enabled for the account.
+	IPv6 netip.Addr `gorm:"serializer:json"`
 	// Meta is a Peer system meta data
 	Meta PeerSystemMeta `gorm:"embedded;embeddedPrefix:meta_"`
 	// ProxyMeta is metadata related to proxy peers
@@ -66,8 +80,19 @@ type ProxyMeta struct {
 }
 
 type PeerStatus struct { //nolint:revive
-	// LastSeen is the last time peer was connected to the management service
+	// LastSeen is the last time the peer status was updated (i.e. the last
+	// time we observed the peer being alive on a sync stream). Written by
+	// the database (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) — callers do not supply it.
 	LastSeen time.Time
+	// SessionStartedAt records when the currently-active sync stream began,
+	// stored as Unix nanoseconds. It acts as the optimistic-locking token
+	// for status updates: a stream is only allowed to mutate the peer's
+	// status when its own token strictly exceeds the stored token (when connecting)
+	// or matches it exactly (for disconnects). Zero means "no
+	// active session". Integer nanoseconds are used so equality is
+	// precision-safe across drivers, and so the predicates compose to a
+	// single bigint comparison.
+	SessionStartedAt int64 `gorm:"not null;default:0"`
 	// Connected indicates whether peer is connected to the management service or not
 	Connected bool
 	// LoginExpired
@@ -84,6 +109,15 @@ type Location struct {
 	GeoNameID    uint // city level geoname id
 }
 
+// equal reports whether two locations match. ConnectionIP is a net.IP slice, so it uses
+// IP.Equal, not ==.
+func (l Location) equal(other Location) bool {
+	return l.CountryCode == other.CountryCode &&
+		l.CityName == other.CityName &&
+		l.GeoNameID == other.GeoNameID &&
+		l.ConnectionIP.Equal(other.ConnectionIP)
+}
+
 // NetworkAddress is the IP address with network and MAC address of a network interface
 type NetworkAddress struct {
 	NetIP netip.Prefix `gorm:"serializer:json"`
@@ -108,6 +142,7 @@ type Flags struct {
 	RosenpassEnabled    bool
 	RosenpassPermissive bool
 	ServerSSHAllowed    bool
+	RemoteJobsAllowed   bool
 
 	DisableClientRoutes bool
 	DisableServerRoutes bool
@@ -115,6 +150,7 @@ type Flags struct {
 	DisableFirewall     bool
 	BlockLANAccess      bool
 	BlockInbound        bool
+	DisableIPv6         bool
 
 	LazyConnectionEnabled bool
 }
@@ -138,51 +174,12 @@ type PeerSystemMeta struct { //nolint:revive
 	Environment        Environment `gorm:"serializer:json"`
 	Flags              Flags       `gorm:"serializer:json"`
 	Files              []File      `gorm:"serializer:json"`
+	Capabilities       []int32     `gorm:"serializer:json"`
+	SyncMessageVersion int
 }
 
 func (p PeerSystemMeta) isEqual(other PeerSystemMeta) bool {
-	sort.Slice(p.NetworkAddresses, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return p.NetworkAddresses[i].Mac < p.NetworkAddresses[j].Mac
-	})
-	sort.Slice(other.NetworkAddresses, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return other.NetworkAddresses[i].Mac < other.NetworkAddresses[j].Mac
-	})
-	equalNetworkAddresses := slices.EqualFunc(p.NetworkAddresses, other.NetworkAddresses, func(addr NetworkAddress, oAddr NetworkAddress) bool {
-		return addr.Mac == oAddr.Mac && addr.NetIP == oAddr.NetIP
-	})
-	if !equalNetworkAddresses {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	sort.Slice(p.Files, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return p.Files[i].Path < p.Files[j].Path
-	})
-	sort.Slice(other.Files, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return other.Files[i].Path < other.Files[j].Path
-	})
-	equalFiles := slices.EqualFunc(p.Files, other.Files, func(file File, oFile File) bool {
-		return file.Path == oFile.Path && file.Exist == oFile.Exist && file.ProcessIsRunning == oFile.ProcessIsRunning
-	})
-	if !equalFiles {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return p.Hostname == other.Hostname &&
-		p.GoOS == other.GoOS &&
-		p.Kernel == other.Kernel &&
-		p.KernelVersion == other.KernelVersion &&
-		p.Core == other.Core &&
-		p.Platform == other.Platform &&
-		p.OS == other.OS &&
-		p.OSVersion == other.OSVersion &&
-		p.WtVersion == other.WtVersion &&
-		p.UIVersion == other.UIVersion &&
-		p.SystemSerialNumber == other.SystemSerialNumber &&
-		p.SystemProductName == other.SystemProductName &&
-		p.SystemManufacturer == other.SystemManufacturer &&
-		p.Environment.Cloud == other.Environment.Cloud &&
-		p.Environment.Platform == other.Environment.Platform &&
-		p.Flags.isEqual(other.Flags)
+	return len(metaDiff(p, other)) == 0
 }
 
 func (p PeerSystemMeta) isEmpty() bool {
@@ -210,6 +207,45 @@ func (p *Peer) AddedWithSSOLogin() bool {
 	return p.UserID != ""
 }
 
+// HasCapability reports whether the peer has the given capability.
+func (p *Peer) HasCapability(capability int32) bool {
+	return slices.Contains(p.Meta.Capabilities, capability)
+}
+
+// SupportsIPv6 reports whether the peer supports IPv6 overlay.
+func (p *Peer) SupportsIPv6() bool {
+	return !p.Meta.Flags.DisableIPv6 && p.HasCapability(PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay)
+}
+
+// SupportsSourcePrefixes reports whether the peer reads SourcePrefixes.
+func (p *Peer) SupportsSourcePrefixes() bool {
+	return p.HasCapability(PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes)
+}
+
+// SupportsComponentNetworkMap reports whether the peer assembles its
+// NetworkMap from server-shipped components instead of consuming a fully
+// expanded NetworkMap. Determines whether the network_map controller skips
+// Calculate() server-side and emits the components envelope.
+func (p *Peer) SupportsComponentNetworkMap() bool {
+	return p.HasCapability(PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap)
+}
+
+func capabilitiesEqual(a, b []int32) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+	set := make(map[int32]struct{}, len(a))
+	for _, c := range a {
+		set[c] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, c := range b {
+		if _, ok := set[c]; !ok {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 // Copy copies Peer object
 func (p *Peer) Copy() *Peer {
 	peerStatus := p.Status
@@ -221,6 +257,7 @@ func (p *Peer) Copy() *Peer {
 		AccountID:                   p.AccountID,
 		Key:                         p.Key,
 		IP:                          p.IP,
+		IPv6:                        p.IPv6,
 		Meta:                        p.Meta,
 		Name:                        p.Name,
 		DNSLabel:                    p.DNSLabel,
@@ -240,26 +277,176 @@ func (p *Peer) Copy() *Peer {
 	}
 }
 
-// UpdateMetaIfNew updates peer's system metadata if new information is provided
-// returns true if meta was updated, false otherwise
-func (p *Peer) UpdateMetaIfNew(meta PeerSystemMeta) (updated, versionChanged bool) {
+// UpdateMetaIfNew updates peer's system metadata and connection geo location if
+// new information is provided. newLocation is the geo location resolved from the
+// peer's current connection IP, or nil when there is nothing to apply (geo
+// disabled, no real IP, or the IP is unchanged); the caller owns the expensive
+// lookup and the same-IP guard. It returns a MetaDiff describing what changed;
+// diff.Updated() reports whether the peer needs to be persisted.
+func (p *Peer) UpdateMetaIfNew(ctx context.Context, meta PeerSystemMeta, newLocation *Location) MetaDiff {
 	if meta.isEmpty() {
-		return updated, versionChanged
+		return MetaDiff{}
 	}
 
-	versionChanged = p.Meta.WtVersion != meta.WtVersion
-
 	// Avoid overwriting UIVersion if the update was triggered sole by the CLI client
 	if meta.UIVersion == "" {
 		meta.UIVersion = p.Meta.UIVersion
 	}
 
-	if p.Meta.isEqual(meta) {
-		return updated, versionChanged
+	effectiveLocation := p.Location
+	if newLocation != nil {
+		effectiveLocation = *newLocation
 	}
-	p.Meta = meta
-	updated = true
-	return updated, versionChanged
+
+	diff := diffMeta(p.Meta, meta, p.Location, effectiveLocation)
+	if diff.Updated() {
+		p.Meta = meta
+	}
+	p.Location = effectiveLocation
+
+	if diff.Updated() {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debug(diff.LogSummary())
+	}
+
+	return diff
+}
+
+// MetaDiff holds a peer's full before/after state across a sync: both metas and both
+// connection locations (the location lives on Peer, not PeerSystemMeta, but posture
+// checks read it). Changed lists what moved, for logging and the persistence decision;
+// the snapshots let a posture check be replayed against old and new. Everything is derived
+// from these fields, so there are no parallel per-field flags to keep in sync.
+type MetaDiff struct {
+	OldMeta     PeerSystemMeta
+	NewMeta     PeerSystemMeta
+	OldLocation Location
+	NewLocation Location
+
+	Changed []string
+}
+
+// Updated reports whether anything changed and the peer must be persisted. diffMeta fills
+// Changed in the pass that builds the diff, so this is a length check, not a re-comparison.
+// Pointer receiver: MetaDiff embeds two metas, so copying it per call is wasteful.
+func (d *MetaDiff) Updated() bool {
+	return len(d.Changed) != 0
+}
+
+// VersionChanged reports whether the WireGuard client version changed (a client upgrade).
+func (d *MetaDiff) VersionChanged() bool {
+	return d.OldMeta.WtVersion != d.NewMeta.WtVersion
+}
+
+// HostnameChanged reports whether the peer's hostname changed.
+func (d *MetaDiff) HostnameChanged() bool {
+	return d.OldMeta.Hostname != d.NewMeta.Hostname
+}
+
+// LogSummary renders the changed fields as a single human-readable line.
+func (d *MetaDiff) LogSummary() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("peer meta updated, %d field(s) changed: %s",
+		len(d.Changed), strings.Join(d.Changed, ", "))
+}
+
+func metaDiff(oldMeta, newMeta PeerSystemMeta) []string {
+	return diffMeta(oldMeta, newMeta, Location{}, Location{}).Changed
+}
+
+// diffMeta snapshots a peer's old and new state and records a Changed entry per field that
+// moved. It is the single source of truth for the comparison: isEqual is an empty Changed
+// list, so the log line and the persistence decision can never disagree.
+func diffMeta(oldMeta, newMeta PeerSystemMeta, oldLocation, newLocation Location) MetaDiff {
+	d := MetaDiff{OldMeta: oldMeta, NewMeta: newMeta, OldLocation: oldLocation, NewLocation: newLocation}
+	add := func(field string, oldVal, newVal any) {
+		d.Changed = append(d.Changed, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %v -> %v", field, oldVal, newVal))
+	}
+
+	if oldMeta.Hostname != newMeta.Hostname {
+		add("hostname", oldMeta.Hostname, newMeta.Hostname)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.GoOS != newMeta.GoOS {
+		add("goos", oldMeta.GoOS, newMeta.GoOS)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.Kernel != newMeta.Kernel {
+		add("kernel", oldMeta.Kernel, newMeta.Kernel)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.KernelVersion != newMeta.KernelVersion {
+		add("kernel_version", oldMeta.KernelVersion, newMeta.KernelVersion)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.Core != newMeta.Core {
+		add("core", oldMeta.Core, newMeta.Core)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.Platform != newMeta.Platform {
+		add("platform", oldMeta.Platform, newMeta.Platform)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.OS != newMeta.OS {
+		add("os", oldMeta.OS, newMeta.OS)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.OSVersion != newMeta.OSVersion {
+		add("os_version", oldMeta.OSVersion, newMeta.OSVersion)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.WtVersion != newMeta.WtVersion {
+		add("wt_version", oldMeta.WtVersion, newMeta.WtVersion)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.UIVersion != newMeta.UIVersion {
+		add("ui_version", oldMeta.UIVersion, newMeta.UIVersion)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.SystemSerialNumber != newMeta.SystemSerialNumber {
+		add("system_serial_number", oldMeta.SystemSerialNumber, newMeta.SystemSerialNumber)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.SystemProductName != newMeta.SystemProductName {
+		add("system_product_name", oldMeta.SystemProductName, newMeta.SystemProductName)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.SystemManufacturer != newMeta.SystemManufacturer {
+		add("system_manufacturer", oldMeta.SystemManufacturer, newMeta.SystemManufacturer)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.Environment.Cloud != newMeta.Environment.Cloud {
+		add("environment_cloud", oldMeta.Environment.Cloud, newMeta.Environment.Cloud)
+	}
+	if oldMeta.Environment.Platform != newMeta.Environment.Platform {
+		add("environment_platform", oldMeta.Environment.Platform, newMeta.Environment.Platform)
+	}
+	if !oldMeta.Flags.isEqual(newMeta.Flags) {
+		add("flags", fmt.Sprintf("%+v", oldMeta.Flags), fmt.Sprintf("%+v", newMeta.Flags))
+	}
+	if !capabilitiesEqual(oldMeta.Capabilities, newMeta.Capabilities) {
+		add("capabilities", oldMeta.Capabilities, newMeta.Capabilities)
+	}
+	if !sameMultiset(oldMeta.NetworkAddresses, newMeta.NetworkAddresses) {
+		add("network_addresses", fmt.Sprintf("%v", oldMeta.NetworkAddresses), fmt.Sprintf("%v", newMeta.NetworkAddresses))
+	}
+	if !sameMultiset(oldMeta.Files, newMeta.Files) {
+		add("files", fmt.Sprintf("%v", oldMeta.Files), fmt.Sprintf("%v", newMeta.Files))
+	}
+	if oldMeta.SyncMessageVersion != newMeta.SyncMessageVersion {
+		add("sync_meta_version", fmt.Sprintf("%d", oldMeta.SyncMessageVersion), fmt.Sprintf("%d", newMeta.SyncMessageVersion))
+	}
+
+	if !oldLocation.equal(newLocation) {
+		add("connection_ip", oldLocation.ConnectionIP, newLocation.ConnectionIP)
+	}
+
+	return d
+}
+
+// sameMultiset reports whether two slices contain the same elements with the
+// same multiplicity, ignoring order. The element type is the comparison key, so
+// every field participates in equality.
+func sameMultiset[T comparable](a, b []T) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		return false
+	}
+	counts := make(map[T]int, len(a))
+	for _, v := range a {
+		counts[v]++
+	}
+	for _, v := range b {
+		counts[v]--
+		if counts[v] == 0 {
+			delete(counts, v)
+		}
+	}
+	return len(counts) == 0
 }
 
 // GetLastLogin returns the last login time of the peer.
@@ -313,6 +500,22 @@ func (p *Peer) LoginExpired(expiresIn time.Duration) (bool, time.Duration) {
 	return timeLeft <= 0, timeLeft
 }
 
+// SessionExpiresAt returns the absolute UTC instant at which the peer's SSO
+// session expires, derived from LastLogin and the account-level
+// PeerLoginExpiration setting. Returns the zero value when login expiration
+// does not apply (peer not SSO-registered, peer-level toggle off, or account
+// expiry disabled). Callers should treat the zero value as "no deadline".
+func (p *Peer) SessionExpiresAt(accountExpirationEnabled bool, expiresIn time.Duration) time.Time {
+	if !accountExpirationEnabled || !p.AddedWithSSOLogin() || !p.LoginExpirationEnabled {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	last := p.GetLastLogin()
+	if last.IsZero() {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	return last.Add(expiresIn).UTC()
+}
+
 // FQDN returns peers FQDN combined of the peer's DNS label and the system's DNS domain
 func (p *Peer) FQDN(dnsDomain string) string {
 	if dnsDomain == "" {
@@ -323,15 +526,23 @@ func (p *Peer) FQDN(dnsDomain string) string {
 
 // EventMeta returns activity event meta related to the peer
 func (p *Peer) EventMeta(dnsDomain string) map[string]any {
-	return map[string]any{"name": p.Name, "fqdn": p.FQDN(dnsDomain), "ip": p.IP, "created_at": p.CreatedAt,
+	meta := map[string]any{"name": p.Name, "fqdn": p.FQDN(dnsDomain), "ip": p.IP, "created_at": p.CreatedAt,
 		"location_city_name": p.Location.CityName, "location_country_code": p.Location.CountryCode,
 		"location_geo_name_id": p.Location.GeoNameID, "location_connection_ip": p.Location.ConnectionIP}
+	if p.IPv6.IsValid() {
+		meta["ipv6"] = p.IPv6.String()
+	}
+	return meta
 }
 
-// Copy PeerStatus
+// Copy PeerStatus. SessionStartedAt must be propagated so clone-based
+// callers (Peer.Copy, MarkLoginExpired, UpdateLastLogin) don't silently
+// reset the fencing token to zero — that would let any subsequent
+// SavePeerStatus write reopen the optimistic-lock window.
 func (p *PeerStatus) Copy() *PeerStatus {
 	return &PeerStatus{
 		LastSeen:         p.LastSeen,
+		SessionStartedAt: p.SessionStartedAt,
 		Connected:        p.Connected,
 		LoginExpired:     p.LoginExpired,
 		RequiresApproval: p.RequiresApproval,
@@ -363,11 +574,13 @@ func (f Flags) isEqual(other Flags) bool {
 	return f.RosenpassEnabled == other.RosenpassEnabled &&
 		f.RosenpassPermissive == other.RosenpassPermissive &&
 		f.ServerSSHAllowed == other.ServerSSHAllowed &&
+		f.RemoteJobsAllowed == other.RemoteJobsAllowed &&
 		f.DisableClientRoutes == other.DisableClientRoutes &&
 		f.DisableServerRoutes == other.DisableServerRoutes &&
 		f.DisableDNS == other.DisableDNS &&
 		f.DisableFirewall == other.DisableFirewall &&
 		f.BlockLANAccess == other.BlockLANAccess &&
 		f.BlockInbound == other.BlockInbound &&
-		f.LazyConnectionEnabled == other.LazyConnectionEnabled
+		f.LazyConnectionEnabled == other.LazyConnectionEnabled &&
+		f.DisableIPv6 == other.DisableIPv6
 }
diff --git a/management/server/peer/peer_metadiff_test.go b/management/server/peer/peer_metadiff_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1256cdb02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/peer/peer_metadiff_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package peer
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// metaDiffExtraEntries accounts for PeerSystemMeta fields that metaDiff does not
+// map 1:1 to a single diff entry. Today the only such field is Environment, which
+// is exploded into two checks (Cloud, Platform) and therefore yields one extra
+// entry beyond its single struct field. If you teach metaDiff to explode another
+// field into N entries, bump this by N-1; if you collapse a field, lower it.
+const metaDiffExtraEntries = 1
+
+// TestMetaDiff_CoversAllFields fully populates a PeerSystemMeta with non-zero
+// values and diffs it against the zero value, then asserts metaDiff emits exactly
+// one entry per exported field (plus metaDiffExtraEntries for fields it explodes).
+//
+// The expected count is derived from the struct via reflection, so adding a field
+// to PeerSystemMeta raises the expectation automatically — but the actual diff
+// only grows if metaDiff was taught to compare the new field. A mismatch means
+// someone changed the struct without updating metaDiff (or this test's
+// extra-entry accounting), which is exactly what we want to catch.
+func TestMetaDiff_CoversAllFields(t *testing.T) {
+	var full PeerSystemMeta
+	exported := populateAll(t, reflect.ValueOf(&full).Elem())
+	require.NotZero(t, exported, "expected PeerSystemMeta to expose fields")
+
+	diff := metaDiff(PeerSystemMeta{}, full)
+
+	require.Len(t, diff, exported+metaDiffExtraEntries,
+		"metaDiff entry count no longer matches PeerSystemMeta's fields: a field was "+
+			"likely added or removed without updating metaDiff (or metaDiffExtraEntries). "+
+			"diff was: %v", diff)
+
+	require.False(t, full.isEqual(PeerSystemMeta{}),
+		"isEqual must report a fully-populated meta as different from the zero value")
+}
+
+// TestFlags_isEqualChecksEveryField guards the one field that the count-based
+// TestMetaDiff_CoversAllFields cannot: metaDiff collapses all of Flags into a
+// single "flags" diff entry, so a new Flags field that Flags.isEqual forgets to
+// compare would not change the diff count. This flips each Flags field on its own
+// and asserts Flags.isEqual notices, so adding a Flags field without comparing it
+// fails here.
+func TestFlags_isEqualChecksEveryField(t *testing.T) {
+	typ := reflect.TypeOf(Flags{})
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := typ.Field(i)
+		require.Equal(t, reflect.Bool, f.Type.Kind(),
+			"Flags.%s is not a bool; extend this test to set it non-zero", f.Name)
+
+		var a, b Flags
+		reflect.ValueOf(&b).Elem().Field(i).SetBool(true)
+		require.False(t, a.isEqual(b), "Flags.isEqual ignores field %s", f.Name)
+	}
+}
+
+// populateAll sets every exported field of the struct to a deterministic non-zero
+// value, recursing into nested structs and the element type of struct slices so
+// that each leaf differs from zero. It returns the number of exported fields on
+// the top-level struct. netip.Prefix is treated as an opaque leaf (it has no
+// settable exported fields and is comparable with ==).
+func populateAll(t *testing.T, v reflect.Value) int {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	typ := v.Type()
+	exported := 0
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := typ.Field(i)
+		if f.PkgPath != "" { // unexported
+			continue
+		}
+		exported++
+		setNonZero(t, v.Field(i))
+	}
+	return exported
+}
+
+// setNonZero assigns a deterministic non-zero value to a field based on its kind,
+// recursing into nested structs and populating one element of slice fields.
+func setNonZero(t *testing.T, field reflect.Value) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if field.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(netip.Prefix{}) {
+		field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")))
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch field.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		field.SetString("non-zero")
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		field.SetBool(true)
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		field.SetInt(7)
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		field.SetUint(7)
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		field.SetFloat(7)
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		populateAll(t, field)
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		s := reflect.MakeSlice(field.Type(), 1, 1)
+		setNonZero(t, s.Index(0))
+		field.Set(s)
+	default:
+		t.Fatalf("unhandled field kind %s; extend setNonZero", field.Kind())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/peer/peer_test.go b/management/server/peer/peer_test.go
index 1aa3f6ffc..c5b512069 100644
--- a/management/server/peer/peer_test.go
+++ b/management/server/peer/peer_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
@@ -141,3 +142,25 @@ func TestFlags_IsEqual(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestPeerCapabilities(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		capabilities []int32
+		ipv6         bool
+		srcPrefixes  bool
+	}{
+		{"no capabilities", nil, false, false},
+		{"only source prefixes", []int32{PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes}, false, true},
+		{"only ipv6", []int32{PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay}, true, false},
+		{"both", []int32{PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes, PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay}, true, true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := &Peer{Meta: PeerSystemMeta{Capabilities: tt.capabilities}}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.ipv6, p.SupportsIPv6())
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.srcPrefixes, p.SupportsSourcePrefixes())
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/peer_posture_test.go b/management/server/peer_posture_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88662e2fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/peer_posture_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+func diffFrom(oldMeta, newMeta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta, oldLoc, newLoc nbpeer.Location) *nbpeer.MetaDiff {
+	return &nbpeer.MetaDiff{
+		OldMeta:     oldMeta,
+		NewMeta:     newMeta,
+		OldLocation: oldLoc,
+		NewLocation: newLoc,
+	}
+}
+
+func postureBundle(def nmdata.ChecksDefinition) []*nmdata.PostureChecks {
+	return []*nmdata.PostureChecks{{Checks: def}}
+}
+
+func TestMetaDiffAffectsPosture_NBVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	c := postureBundle(nmdata.ChecksDefinition{NBVersionCheck: &nmdata.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "1.2.0"}})
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		oldVer, newVer string
+		want           bool
+	}{
+		{"both above min, no flip", "1.3.0", "1.4.0", false},
+		{"both below min, no flip", "1.0.0", "1.1.0", false},
+		{"crosses up below->above", "1.1.0", "1.3.0", true},
+		{"crosses down above->below", "1.3.0", "1.1.0", true},
+		{"unparsable old only -> flip", "garbage", "1.3.0", true},
+		{"unparsable both -> no flip", "garbage", "junk", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			diff := diffFrom(
+				nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: tt.oldVer},
+				nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: tt.newVer},
+				nbpeer.Location{}, nbpeer.Location{},
+			)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, metaDiffAffectsPosture(diff, c))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMetaDiffAffectsPosture_OSVersion_KernelBumpWithinMin(t *testing.T) {
+	c := postureBundle(nmdata.ChecksDefinition{OSVersionCheck: &nmdata.OSVersionCheck{
+		Linux: &nmdata.MinKernelVersionCheck{MinKernelVersion: "5.0.0"},
+	}})
+
+	withinMin := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux", KernelVersion: "5.10.0-arch1"},
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux", KernelVersion: "5.15.0-arch2"},
+		nbpeer.Location{}, nbpeer.Location{},
+	)
+	assert.False(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(withinMin, c))
+
+	crossesDown := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux", KernelVersion: "5.10.0-arch1"},
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux", KernelVersion: "4.19.0-arch1"},
+		nbpeer.Location{}, nbpeer.Location{},
+	)
+	assert.True(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(crossesDown, c))
+}
+
+func TestMetaDiffAffectsPosture_OSVersion_GoOSSwitchFlipsVerdict(t *testing.T) {
+	c := postureBundle(nmdata.ChecksDefinition{OSVersionCheck: &nmdata.OSVersionCheck{
+		Linux: &nmdata.MinKernelVersionCheck{MinKernelVersion: "6.0.0"},
+	}})
+
+	diff := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "freebsd"},
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux", KernelVersion: "4.19.0"},
+		nbpeer.Location{}, nbpeer.Location{},
+	)
+	assert.True(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(diff, c))
+}
+
+func TestMetaDiffAffectsPosture_Process_GoOSSwitchFlipsVerdict(t *testing.T) {
+	c := postureBundle(nmdata.ChecksDefinition{ProcessCheck: &nmdata.ProcessCheck{
+		Processes: []nmdata.Process{{LinuxPath: "/usr/bin/foo"}},
+	}})
+
+	files := []nbpeer.File{{Path: "/usr/bin/foo", ProcessIsRunning: true}}
+	diff := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux", Files: files},
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "windows", Files: files},
+		nbpeer.Location{}, nbpeer.Location{},
+	)
+	assert.True(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(diff, c))
+}
+
+func TestMetaDiffAffectsPosture_Process_UnrelatedFileChange(t *testing.T) {
+	c := postureBundle(nmdata.ChecksDefinition{ProcessCheck: &nmdata.ProcessCheck{
+		Processes: []nmdata.Process{{LinuxPath: "/usr/bin/foo"}},
+	}})
+
+	diff := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux", Files: []nbpeer.File{
+			{Path: "/usr/bin/foo", ProcessIsRunning: true},
+		}},
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{GoOS: "linux", Files: []nbpeer.File{
+			{Path: "/usr/bin/foo", ProcessIsRunning: true},
+			{Path: "/usr/bin/bar", ProcessIsRunning: true},
+		}},
+		nbpeer.Location{}, nbpeer.Location{},
+	)
+	assert.False(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(diff, c))
+}
+
+func TestMetaDiffAffectsPosture_GeoLocation(t *testing.T) {
+	c := postureBundle(nmdata.ChecksDefinition{GeoLocationCheck: &nmdata.GeoLocationCheck{
+		Action:    posture.CheckActionAllow,
+		Locations: []nmdata.GeoLocation{{CountryCode: "DE"}},
+	}})
+
+	stayAllowed := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{}, nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
+		nbpeer.Location{CountryCode: "DE", CityName: "Berlin"},
+		nbpeer.Location{CountryCode: "DE", CityName: "Munich"},
+	)
+	assert.False(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(stayAllowed, c))
+
+	moveOut := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{}, nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
+		nbpeer.Location{CountryCode: "DE"},
+		nbpeer.Location{CountryCode: "FR"},
+	)
+	assert.True(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(moveOut, c))
+}
+
+func TestMetaDiffAffectsPosture_PeerNetworkRange_ConnectionIP(t *testing.T) {
+	c := postureBundle(nmdata.ChecksDefinition{PeerNetworkRangeCheck: &nmdata.PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+		Action: posture.CheckActionAllow,
+		Ranges: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
+	}})
+
+	movesOutOfRange := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{}, nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
+		nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("10.1.2.3")},
+		nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8")},
+	)
+	assert.True(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(movesOutOfRange, c))
+
+	staysInRange := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{}, nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
+		nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("10.1.2.3")},
+		nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("10.9.9.9")},
+	)
+	assert.False(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(staysInRange, c))
+}
+
+func TestMetaDiffAffectsPosture_IrrelevantFieldChange(t *testing.T) {
+	c := postureBundle(nmdata.ChecksDefinition{
+		NBVersionCheck:   &nmdata.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "1.0.0"},
+		GeoLocationCheck: &nmdata.GeoLocationCheck{Action: posture.CheckActionAllow, Locations: []nmdata.GeoLocation{{CountryCode: "DE"}}},
+	})
+
+	diff := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "old", WtVersion: "1.5.0"},
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "new", WtVersion: "1.5.0"},
+		nbpeer.Location{CountryCode: "DE"}, nbpeer.Location{CountryCode: "DE"},
+	)
+	assert.False(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(diff, c))
+}
+
+func TestMetaDiffAffectsPosture_NoChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	diff := diffFrom(
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "1.0.0"},
+		nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "2.0.0"},
+		nbpeer.Location{}, nbpeer.Location{},
+	)
+	assert.False(t, metaDiffAffectsPosture(diff, nil))
+}
+
+func TestProcessPeerPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	policy := &types.Policy{
+		Enabled:             true,
+		SourcePostureChecks: []string{"pc1"},
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
+			{Enabled: false, Sources: []string{"g-disabled"}, SourceResource: types.Resource{ID: "peer-disabled", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer}},
+			{Enabled: true, Sources: []string{"g-src"}, Destinations: []string{"g-dst"}},
+			{Enabled: true, SourceResource: types.Resource{ID: "peer-direct", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer}, Destinations: []string{"g-dst"}},
+			{Enabled: true, SourceResource: types.Resource{ID: "peer-as-host", Type: types.ResourceTypeHost}, Destinations: []string{"g-dst"}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pc1"}, processPeerPostureChecks(policy, "peer-in-group", []string{"g-src"}), "source group member")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"pc1"}, processPeerPostureChecks(policy, "peer-direct", nil), "direct source peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, processPeerPostureChecks(policy, "peer-elsewhere", []string{"g-dst"}), "destination-only peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, processPeerPostureChecks(policy, "peer-disabled", []string{"g-disabled"}), "disabled rule")
+	assert.Empty(t, processPeerPostureChecks(policy, "peer-as-host", nil), "source resource of a non-peer type")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/peer_test.go b/management/server/peer_test.go
index 28e13c4cb..c25eff813 100644
--- a/management/server/peer_test.go
+++ b/management/server/peer_test.go
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ import (
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/geolocation"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	nbroute "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
@@ -179,11 +181,6 @@ func TestAccountManager_GetNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
 	testGetNetworkMapGeneral(t)
 }
 
-func TestAccountManager_GetNetworkMap_Experimental(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder, "true")
-	testGetNetworkMapGeneral(t)
-}
-
 func testGetNetworkMapGeneral(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -210,7 +207,7 @@ func testGetNetworkMapGeneral(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	peer1, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer1, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerKey1.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-1"},
 	}, false)
@@ -224,7 +221,7 @@ func testGetNetworkMapGeneral(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 		return
 	}
-	_, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerKey2.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-2"},
 	}, false)
@@ -283,7 +280,7 @@ func TestAccountManager_GetNetworkMapWithPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	peer1, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer1, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerKey1.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-1"},
 	}, false)
@@ -297,7 +294,7 @@ func TestAccountManager_GetNetworkMapWithPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 		return
 	}
-	peer2, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer2, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerKey2.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-2"},
 	}, false)
@@ -459,7 +456,7 @@ func TestAccountManager_GetPeerNetwork(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	peer1, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer1, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerKey1.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-1"},
 	}, false)
@@ -473,7 +470,7 @@ func TestAccountManager_GetPeerNetwork(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 		return
 	}
-	_, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerKey2.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-2"},
 	}, false)
@@ -531,7 +528,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_GetPeer(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	peer1, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", someUser, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer1, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", someUser, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerKey1.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-2"},
 	}, false)
@@ -547,7 +544,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_GetPeer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// the second peer added with a setup key
-	peer2, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer2, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  peerKey2.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-2"},
 	}, false)
@@ -564,25 +561,9 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_GetPeer(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	assert.NotNil(t, peer)
 
-	// the user can see peer2 because peer1 of the user has access to peer2 due to the All group and the default rule 0 all-to-all access
-	peer, err = manager.GetPeer(context.Background(), accountID, peer2.ID, someUser)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-		return
-	}
-	assert.NotNil(t, peer)
-
-	// delete the all-to-all policy so that user's peer1 has no access to peer2
-	for _, policy := range account.Policies {
-		err = manager.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), accountID, policy.ID, adminUser)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	// at this point the user can't see the details of peer2
-	peer, err = manager.GetPeer(context.Background(), accountID, peer2.ID, someUser) //nolint
+	// the user can NOT see peer2 because it is not owned by them.
+	// Regular users only see peers they directly own.
+	_, err = manager.GetPeer(context.Background(), accountID, peer2.ID, someUser)
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 
 	// admin users can always access all the peers
@@ -719,7 +700,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_GetPeers(t *testing.T) {
 				return
 			}
 
-			_, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", someUser, &nbpeer.Peer{
+			_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", someUser, &nbpeer.Peer{
 				Key:  peerKey1.PublicKey().String(),
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-1"},
 			}, false)
@@ -728,7 +709,7 @@ func TestDefaultAccountManager_GetPeers(t *testing.T) {
 				return
 			}
 
-			_, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", adminUser, &nbpeer.Peer{
+			_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", adminUser, &nbpeer.Peer{
 				Key:  peerKey2.PublicKey().String(),
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "test-peer-2"},
 			}, false)
@@ -775,7 +756,8 @@ func setupTestAccountManager(b testing.TB, peers int, groups int) (*DefaultAccou
 			ID:       fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i),
 			DNSLabel: fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i),
 			Key:      peerKey.PublicKey().String(),
-			IP:       net.ParseIP(fmt.Sprintf("100.64.%d.%d", i/256, i%256)),
+			IP:       netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("100.64.%d.%d", i/256, i%256)),
+			IPv6:     netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("fd00::%d", i+1)),
 			Status:   &nbpeer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now().UTC(), Connected: true},
 			UserID:   regularUser,
 		}
@@ -804,7 +786,15 @@ func setupTestAccountManager(b testing.TB, peers int, groups int) (*DefaultAccou
 		account.Networks = append(account.Networks, network)
 
 		ips := account.GetTakenIPs()
-		peerIP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(account.Network.Net, ips)
+		peerIP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(netip.MustParsePrefix(account.Network.Net.String()), ips)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, "", "", err
+		}
+		v6Prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(account.Network.NetV6.String())
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, "", "", err
+		}
+		peerIPv6, err := types.AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(v6Prefix)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, nil, "", "", err
 		}
@@ -815,6 +805,7 @@ func setupTestAccountManager(b testing.TB, peers int, groups int) (*DefaultAccou
 			DNSLabel: fmt.Sprintf("peer-nr-%d", len(account.Peers)+1),
 			Key:      peerKey.PublicKey().String(),
 			IP:       peerIP,
+			IPv6:     peerIPv6,
 			Status:   &nbpeer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: time.Now().UTC(), Connected: true},
 			UserID:   regularUser,
 			Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
@@ -996,7 +987,7 @@ func BenchmarkUpdateAccountPeers(b *testing.B) {
 			start := time.Now()
 
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				manager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, account.Id)
+				manager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, account.Id, types.UpdateReason{})
 			}
 
 			duration := time.Since(start)
@@ -1016,11 +1007,6 @@ func BenchmarkUpdateAccountPeers(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestUpdateAccountPeers_Experimental(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder, "true")
-	testUpdateAccountPeers(t)
-}
-
 func TestUpdateAccountPeers(t *testing.T) {
 	testUpdateAccountPeers(t)
 }
@@ -1059,11 +1045,11 @@ func testUpdateAccountPeers(t *testing.T) {
 				peerChannels[peerID] = updateManager.CreateChannel(ctx, peerID)
 			}
 
-			manager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, account.Id)
+			manager.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, account.Id, types.UpdateReason{})
 
 			for _, channel := range peerChannels {
 				update := <-channel
-				assert.Nil(t, update.Update.NetbirdConfig)
+				assert.Nil(t, update.Update.NetbirdConfig, "fan-out updates must not carry a NetbirdConfig; clients treat a config without relay as relay disabled and wipe their relay URLs")
 				assert.Equal(t, tc.peers, len(update.Update.NetworkMap.RemotePeers))
 				assert.Equal(t, tc.peers*2, len(update.Update.NetworkMap.FirewallRules))
 			}
@@ -1094,7 +1080,8 @@ func TestToSyncResponse(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	peer := &nbpeer.Peer{
-		IP:         net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1"),
+		IP:         netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"),
+		IPv6:       netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 		SSHEnabled: true,
 		Key:        "peer-key",
 		DNSLabel:   "peer1",
@@ -1105,10 +1092,22 @@ func TestToSyncResponse(t *testing.T) {
 		Signature: "turn-pass",
 	}
 	networkMap := &types.NetworkMap{
-		Network:      &types.Network{Net: *ipnet, Serial: 1000},
-		Peers:        []*nbpeer.Peer{{IP: net.ParseIP("192.168.1.2"), Key: "peer2-key", DNSLabel: "peer2", SSHEnabled: true, SSHKey: "peer2-ssh-key"}},
-		OfflinePeers: []*nbpeer.Peer{{IP: net.ParseIP("192.168.1.3"), Key: "peer3-key", DNSLabel: "peer3", SSHEnabled: true, SSHKey: "peer3-ssh-key"}},
-		Routes: []*nbroute.Route{
+		Network: &nmdata.Network{Net: *ipnet, Serial: 1000},
+		Peers: []*nmdata.Peer{{
+			IP:         netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.2"),
+			IPv6:       netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
+			Key:        "peer2-key",
+			DNSLabel:   "peer2",
+			SSHEnabled: true,
+			SSHKey:     "peer2-ssh-key"}},
+		OfflinePeers: []*nmdata.Peer{{
+			IP:         netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.3"),
+			IPv6:       netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3"),
+			Key:        "peer3-key",
+			DNSLabel:   "peer3",
+			SSHEnabled: true,
+			SSHKey:     "peer3-ssh-key"}},
+		Routes: []*nmdata.Route{
 			{
 				ID:          "route1",
 				Network:     netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
@@ -1171,18 +1170,18 @@ func TestToSyncResponse(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	dnsName := "example.com"
-	checks := []*posture.Checks{
+	checks := []*nmdata.PostureChecks{
 		{
-			Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
-				ProcessCheck: &posture.ProcessCheck{
-					Processes: []posture.Process{{LinuxPath: "/usr/bin/netbird"}},
+			Checks: nmdata.ChecksDefinition{
+				ProcessCheck: &nmdata.ProcessCheck{
+					Processes: []nmdata.Process{{LinuxPath: "/usr/bin/netbird"}},
 				},
 			},
 		},
 	}
 	dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
 	accountSettings := &types.Settings{RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled: true}
-	response := grpc.ToSyncResponse(context.Background(), config, config.HttpConfig, config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, peer, turnRelayToken, turnRelayToken, networkMap, dnsName, checks, dnsCache, accountSettings, nil, []string{}, int64(dnsForwarderPort))
+	response := grpc.ToSyncResponse(context.Background(), config, config.HttpConfig, config.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, types.TwinPeer(peer), turnRelayToken, turnRelayToken, networkMap, dnsName, checks, dnsCache, types.TwinAccountSettings(accountSettings), nil, []string{}, int64(dnsForwarderPort))
 
 	assert.NotNil(t, response)
 	// assert peer config
@@ -1254,6 +1253,7 @@ func TestToSyncResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(53), response.NetworkMap.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups[0].NameServers[0].GetPort())
 	// assert network map Firewall
 	assert.Equal(t, 1, len(response.NetworkMap.FirewallRules))
+	//nolint:staticcheck // testing backward-compatible field
 	assert.Equal(t, "192.168.1.2", response.NetworkMap.FirewallRules[0].PeerIP)
 	assert.Equal(t, proto.RuleDirection_IN, response.NetworkMap.FirewallRules[0].Direction)
 	assert.Equal(t, proto.RuleAction_ACCEPT, response.NetworkMap.FirewallRules[0].Action)
@@ -1301,7 +1301,7 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerByUser(t *testing.T) {
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, s)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, s, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(s, peers.NewManager(s)), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, s, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(s, peers.NewManager(s)), &config.Config{}, nil)
 
 	am, err := BuildManager(context.Background(), nil, s, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, s, peersManager), nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1316,7 +1316,8 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerByUser(t *testing.T) {
 		ID:        xid.New().String(),
 		AccountID: existingAccountID,
 		Key:       "newPeerKey",
-		IP:        net.IP{123, 123, 123, 123},
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{123, 123, 123, 123}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::7b:7b:7b:7b"),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 			Hostname: "newPeer",
 			GoOS:     "linux",
@@ -1333,7 +1334,7 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerByUser(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	addedPeer, _, _, err := am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", existingUserID, newPeer, false)
+	addedPeer, _, _, _, err := am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", existingUserID, newPeer, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, newPeer.ExtraDNSLabels, addedPeer.ExtraDNSLabels)
 
@@ -1391,7 +1392,7 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerBySetupKey(t *testing.T) {
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, s)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, s, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(s, peers.NewManager(s)), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, s, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(s, peers.NewManager(s)), &config.Config{}, nil)
 
 	am, err := BuildManager(context.Background(), nil, s, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, s, peersManager), nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1404,7 +1405,8 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerBySetupKey(t *testing.T) {
 	newPeerTemplate := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		AccountID: existingAccountID,
 		UserID:    "",
-		IP:        net.IP{123, 123, 123, 123},
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{123, 123, 123, 123}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::7b:7b:7b:7b"),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 			Hostname: "newPeer",
 			GoOS:     "linux",
@@ -1465,7 +1467,7 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerBySetupKey(t *testing.T) {
 				ExtraDNSLabels: newPeerTemplate.ExtraDNSLabels,
 			}
 
-			addedPeer, _, _, err := am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", tc.existingSetupKeyID, "", currentPeer, false)
+			addedPeer, _, _, _, err := am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", tc.existingSetupKeyID, "", currentPeer, false)
 
 			if tc.expectAddPeerError {
 				require.Error(t, err, "Expected an error when adding peer with setup key: %s", tc.existingSetupKeyID)
@@ -1549,7 +1551,7 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerRollbackOnFailure(t *testing.T) {
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, s)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, s, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(s, peers.NewManager(s)), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, s, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(s, peers.NewManager(s)), &config.Config{}, nil)
 
 	am, err := BuildManager(context.Background(), nil, s, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, s, peersManager), nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1565,7 +1567,8 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerRollbackOnFailure(t *testing.T) {
 		AccountID: existingAccountID,
 		Key:       "newPeerKey",
 		UserID:    "",
-		IP:        net.IP{123, 123, 123, 123},
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{123, 123, 123, 123}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::7b:7b:7b:7b"),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 			Hostname: "newPeer",
 			GoOS:     "linux",
@@ -1576,7 +1579,7 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerRollbackOnFailure(t *testing.T) {
 		SSHEnabled: false,
 	}
 
-	_, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", faultyKey, "", newPeer, false)
+	_, _, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", faultyKey, "", newPeer, false)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 
 	_, err = s.GetPeerByPeerPubKey(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, newPeer.Key)
@@ -1600,7 +1603,6 @@ func Test_RegisterPeerRollbackOnFailure(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func Test_LoginPeer(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv(network_map.EnvNewNetworkMapBuilder, "true")
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("The SQLite store is not properly supported by Windows yet")
 	}
@@ -1634,7 +1636,7 @@ func Test_LoginPeer(t *testing.T) {
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, s)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, s, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(s, peers.NewManager(s)), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, s, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.cloud", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(s, peers.NewManager(s)), &config.Config{}, nil)
 
 	am, err := BuildManager(context.Background(), nil, s, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, s, peersManager), nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1651,7 +1653,8 @@ func Test_LoginPeer(t *testing.T) {
 	newPeerTemplate := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		AccountID: existingAccountID,
 		UserID:    "",
-		IP:        net.IP{123, 123, 123, 123},
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{123, 123, 123, 123}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::7b:7b:7b:7b"),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 			Hostname: "newPeer",
 			GoOS:     "linux",
@@ -1722,7 +1725,7 @@ func Test_LoginPeer(t *testing.T) {
 			if sk.AllowExtraDNSLabels {
 				currentPeer.ExtraDNSLabels = newPeerTemplate.ExtraDNSLabels
 			}
-			_, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", tc.setupKey, "", currentPeer, false)
+			_, _, _, _, err = am.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", tc.setupKey, "", currentPeer, false)
 			require.NoError(t, err, "Expected no error when adding peer with setup key: %s", tc.setupKey)
 
 			loginInput := types.PeerLogin{
@@ -1738,12 +1741,12 @@ func Test_LoginPeer(t *testing.T) {
 				loginInput.ExtraDNSLabels = tc.extraDNSLabels
 			}
 
-			loggedinPeer, networkMap, postureChecks, loginErr := am.LoginPeer(context.Background(), loginInput)
+			loggedinPeer, network, postureChecks, _, loginErr := am.LoginPeer(context.Background(), loginInput)
 			if tc.expectLoginError {
 				require.Error(t, loginErr, "Expected an error during LoginPeer with setup key: %s", tc.setupKey)
 				assert.Contains(t, loginErr.Error(), tc.expectedErrorMsgSubstring, "Error message mismatch")
 				assert.Nil(t, loggedinPeer, "LoggedinPeer should be nil on error")
-				assert.Nil(t, networkMap, "NetworkMap should be nil on error")
+				assert.Nil(t, network, "Network should be nil on error")
 				assert.Nil(t, postureChecks, "PostureChecks should be empty or nil on error")
 				return
 			}
@@ -1756,7 +1759,7 @@ func Test_LoginPeer(t *testing.T) {
 			} else {
 				assert.Equal(t, currentPeer.ExtraDNSLabels, loggedinPeer.ExtraDNSLabels, "ExtraDNSLabels mismatch on loggedinPeer")
 			}
-			assert.NotNil(t, networkMap, "networkMap should not be nil on success")
+			assert.NotNil(t, network, "network should not be nil on success")
 
 			assert.Equal(t, existingAccountID, loggedinPeer.AccountID, "AccountID mismatch for logged peer")
 
@@ -1854,7 +1857,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("adding peer to unlinked group", func(t *testing.T) {
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg) //
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
 			close(done)
 		}()
 
@@ -1862,7 +1865,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		expectedPeerKey := key.PublicKey().String()
-		peer4, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser1", &nbpeer.Peer{
+		peer4, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser1", &nbpeer.Peer{
 			Key:  expectedPeerKey,
 			Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: expectedPeerKey},
 		}, false)
@@ -1879,7 +1882,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("deleting peer with unlinked group", func(t *testing.T) {
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
 			close(done)
 		}()
 
@@ -1907,7 +1910,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -1929,7 +1932,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -1985,7 +1988,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		expectedPeerKey := key.PublicKey().String()
-		peer4, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser1", &nbpeer.Peer{
+		peer4, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser1", &nbpeer.Peer{
 			Key:                    expectedPeerKey,
 			LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
 			Meta:                   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: expectedPeerKey},
@@ -1994,7 +1997,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -2012,12 +2015,15 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
 
-	// Adding peer to group linked with route should update account peers and send peer update
+	// drain any buffered updates from previous subtests
+	drainPeerUpdates(updMsg)
+
+	// Adding peer to group linked with route should update peers in that group, not unrelated peers
 	t.Run("adding peer to group linked with route", func(t *testing.T) {
 		route := nbroute.Route{
 			ID:          "testingRoute1",
@@ -2041,7 +2047,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
 			close(done)
 		}()
 
@@ -2049,7 +2055,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		expectedPeerKey := key.PublicKey().String()
-		peer5, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser2", &nbpeer.Peer{
+		peer5, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser2", &nbpeer.Peer{
 			Key:                    expectedPeerKey,
 			LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
 			Meta:                   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: expectedPeerKey},
@@ -2059,15 +2065,15 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		select {
 		case <-done:
 		case <-time.After(time.Second):
-			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
+			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
 
-	// Deleting peer with linked group to route should update account peers and send peer update
+	// Deleting peer with linked group to route should update peers in that group, not unrelated peers
 	t.Run("deleting peer with linked group to route", func(t *testing.T) {
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
 			close(done)
 		}()
 
@@ -2077,11 +2083,11 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		select {
 		case <-done:
 		case <-time.After(time.Second):
-			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
+			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
 
-	// Adding peer to group linked with name server group should update account peers and send peer update
+	// Adding peer to group linked with name server group should update peers in that group, not unrelated peers
 	t.Run("adding peer to group linked with name server group", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err = manager.CreateNameServerGroup(
 			context.Background(), account.Id, "nsGroup", "nsGroup", []nbdns.NameServer{{
@@ -2096,7 +2102,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
 			close(done)
 		}()
 
@@ -2104,7 +2110,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		expectedPeerKey := key.PublicKey().String()
-		peer6, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser3", &nbpeer.Peer{
+		peer6, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser3", &nbpeer.Peer{
 			Key:                    expectedPeerKey,
 			LoginExpirationEnabled: true,
 			Meta:                   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: expectedPeerKey},
@@ -2114,15 +2120,15 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		select {
 		case <-done:
 		case <-time.After(time.Second):
-			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
+			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
 
-	// Deleting peer with linked group to name server group should update account peers and send peer update
+	// Deleting peer with linked group to name server group should update peers in that group, not unrelated peers
 	t.Run("deleting peer with linked group to route", func(t *testing.T) {
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
 			close(done)
 		}()
 
@@ -2132,7 +2138,7 @@ func TestPeerAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		select {
 		case <-done:
 		case <-time.After(time.Second):
-			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
+			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
 }
@@ -2153,14 +2159,16 @@ func Test_DeletePeer(t *testing.T) {
 			ID:        "peer1",
 			AccountID: accountID,
 			Key:       "key1",
-			IP:        net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1},
+			IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}),
+			IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 			DNSLabel:  "peer1.test",
 		},
 		"peer2": {
 			ID:        "peer2",
 			AccountID: accountID,
 			Key:       "key2",
-			IP:        net.IP{2, 2, 2, 2},
+			IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{2, 2, 2, 2}),
+			IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
 			DNSLabel:  "peer2.test",
 		},
 	}
@@ -2215,6 +2223,9 @@ func Test_IsUniqueConstraintError(t *testing.T) {
 		ID:        "test-peer-id",
 		AccountID: "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b",
 		DNSLabel:  "test-peer-dns-label",
+		Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
+			LastSeen: time.Now(),
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -2277,7 +2288,7 @@ func Test_AddPeer(t *testing.T) {
 
 			<-start
 
-			_, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", newPeer, false)
+			_, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", setupKey.Key, "", newPeer, false)
 			if err != nil {
 				errs <- fmt.Errorf("AddPeer failed for peer %d: %w", i, err)
 				return
@@ -2357,7 +2368,7 @@ func TestAddPeer_UserPendingApprovalBlocked(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	_, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", pendingUser.Id, peer, false)
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", pendingUser.Id, peer, false)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "user pending approval cannot add peers")
 }
@@ -2392,7 +2403,7 @@ func TestAddPeer_ApprovedUserCanAddPeers(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	_, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", regularUser.Id, peer, false)
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", regularUser.Id, peer, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Regular user should be able to add peers")
 }
 
@@ -2435,7 +2446,7 @@ func TestLoginPeer_UserPendingApprovalBlocked(t *testing.T) {
 			WtVersion: "0.28.0",
 		},
 	}
-	existingPeer, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", pendingUser.Id, newPeer, false)
+	existingPeer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", pendingUser.Id, newPeer, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Now set the user back to pending approval after peer was created
@@ -2454,7 +2465,7 @@ func TestLoginPeer_UserPendingApprovalBlocked(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	_, _, _, err = manager.LoginPeer(context.Background(), login)
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.LoginPeer(context.Background(), login)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	e, ok := status.FromError(err)
 	require.True(t, ok, "error is not a gRPC status error")
@@ -2491,7 +2502,7 @@ func TestLoginPeer_ApprovedUserCanLogin(t *testing.T) {
 			WtVersion: "0.28.0",
 		},
 	}
-	existingPeer, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", regularUser.Id, newPeer, false)
+	existingPeer, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", regularUser.Id, newPeer, false)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Try to login with regular user
@@ -2504,7 +2515,7 @@ func TestLoginPeer_ApprovedUserCanLogin(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	_, _, _, err = manager.LoginPeer(context.Background(), login)
+	_, _, _, _, err = manager.LoginPeer(context.Background(), login)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "Regular user should be able to login peers")
 }
 
@@ -2757,6 +2768,67 @@ func TestProcessPeerAddAuth(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestPeerWillHaveIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	settings := &types.Settings{
+		IPv6EnabledGroups: []string{"all-group-id", "group-a"},
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, peerWillHaveIPv6(settings, nil, "all-group-id"), "peer in All group should get IPv6")
+	assert.True(t, peerWillHaveIPv6(settings, []string{"group-a"}, ""), "peer with matching auto-group should get IPv6")
+	assert.False(t, peerWillHaveIPv6(settings, []string{"group-b"}, "other-all"), "peer with no matching groups should not get IPv6")
+	assert.False(t, peerWillHaveIPv6(settings, nil, ""), "embedded peer with no groups should not get IPv6")
+
+	emptySettings := &types.Settings{IPv6EnabledGroups: []string{}}
+	assert.False(t, peerWillHaveIPv6(emptySettings, []string{"group-a"}, "all-group-id"), "no IPv6 groups means no IPv6")
+}
+
+// TestSyncPeer_IPv6CapabilityChangePropagates ensures that when a peer reports
+// a new IPv6 overlay capability via SyncPeer (e.g. after a client upgrade or
+// flipping --disable-ipv6) without bumping its WtVersion, other account peers
+// receive a fresh network map so their AAAA records for it become unstale.
+func TestSyncPeer_IPv6CapabilityChangePropagates(t *testing.T) {
+	manager, updateManager, _, peer1, peer2, _ := setupNetworkMapTest(t)
+
+	updMsg := updateManager.CreateChannel(context.Background(), peer1.ID)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		updateManager.CloseChannel(context.Background(), peer1.ID)
+	})
+
+	// Drain any initial updates from setup.
+	drain := func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-updMsg:
+			case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	drain()
+
+	t.Run("no propagation when capabilities are unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, _, _, _, err := manager.SyncPeer(context.Background(), types.PeerSync{
+			WireGuardPubKey: peer2.Key,
+			Meta:            peer2.Meta,
+		}, peer2.AccountID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("propagation when IPv6 capability is added", func(t *testing.T) {
+		newMeta := peer2.Meta
+		newMeta.Capabilities = append([]int32{}, peer2.Meta.Capabilities...)
+		newMeta.Capabilities = append(newMeta.Capabilities, nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay)
+
+		_, _, _, _, err := manager.SyncPeer(context.Background(), types.PeerSync{
+			WireGuardPubKey: peer2.Key,
+			Meta:            newMeta,
+		}, peer2.AccountID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestUpdatePeer_DnsLabelCollisionWithFQDN(t *testing.T) {
 	manager, _, err := createManager(t)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "unable to create account manager")
@@ -2767,7 +2839,7 @@ func TestUpdatePeer_DnsLabelCollisionWithFQDN(t *testing.T) {
 	// Add first peer with hostname that produces DNS label "netbird1"
 	key1, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	peer1, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer1, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  key1.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "netbird1.netbird.cloud"},
 	}, false)
@@ -2777,7 +2849,7 @@ func TestUpdatePeer_DnsLabelCollisionWithFQDN(t *testing.T) {
 	// Add second peer with a different hostname
 	key2, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	peer2, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer2, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  key2.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "ip-10-29-5-130"},
 	}, false)
@@ -2801,7 +2873,7 @@ func TestUpdatePeer_DnsLabelUniqueName(t *testing.T) {
 
 	key1, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	peer1, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer1, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  key1.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "web-server"},
 	}, false)
@@ -2811,7 +2883,7 @@ func TestUpdatePeer_DnsLabelUniqueName(t *testing.T) {
 	// Add second peer and rename it to a unique FQDN whose first label doesn't collide
 	key2, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	peer2, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer2, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", userID, &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  key2.PublicKey().String(),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "old-name"},
 	}, false)
@@ -2823,3 +2895,141 @@ func TestUpdatePeer_DnsLabelUniqueName(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err, "renaming to unique FQDN should succeed")
 	assert.Equal(t, "api-server", updated.DNSLabel, "DNS label should be first label of FQDN")
 }
+
+// fakeGeo is a configurable geolocation.Geolocation implementation for tests. It
+// returns a record built from the configured city geoname id, or an error when set.
+type fakeGeo struct {
+	geoNameID uint
+	isoCode   string
+	cityName  string
+	err       error
+}
+
+func (g *fakeGeo) Lookup(net.IP) (*geolocation.Record, error) {
+	if g.err != nil {
+		return nil, g.err
+	}
+	record := &geolocation.Record{}
+	record.City.GeonameID = g.geoNameID
+	record.City.Names.En = g.cityName
+	record.Country.ISOCode = g.isoCode
+	return record, nil
+}
+
+func (g *fakeGeo) GetAllCountries() ([]geolocation.Country, error) { return nil, nil }
+
+func (g *fakeGeo) GetCitiesByCountry(string) ([]geolocation.City, error) { return nil, nil }
+
+func (g *fakeGeo) Stop() error { return nil }
+
+func TestResolvePeerLocation(t *testing.T) {
+	realIP := net.ParseIP("203.0.113.10")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		geo     geolocation.Geolocation
+		peer    *nbpeer.Peer
+		realIP  net.IP
+		want    *nbpeer.Location
+		wantNil bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "no geo configured returns nil",
+			geo:     nil,
+			peer:    &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "p1"},
+			realIP:  realIP,
+			wantNil: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "nil real IP returns nil",
+			geo:     &fakeGeo{geoNameID: 100},
+			peer:    &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "p1"},
+			realIP:  nil,
+			wantNil: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "lookup error returns nil",
+			geo:     &fakeGeo{err: fmt.Errorf("lookup boom")},
+			peer:    &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "p1"},
+			realIP:  realIP,
+			wantNil: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same IP and same geoname returns nil",
+			geo:  &fakeGeo{geoNameID: 100, isoCode: "US", cityName: "City A"},
+			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
+				ID: "p1",
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{
+					ConnectionIP: realIP,
+					GeoNameID:    100,
+				},
+			},
+			realIP:  realIP,
+			wantNil: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "same IP but changed geoname returns location",
+			geo:  &fakeGeo{geoNameID: 200, isoCode: "US", cityName: "City B"},
+			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
+				ID: "p1",
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{
+					ConnectionIP: realIP,
+					GeoNameID:    100,
+				},
+			},
+			realIP: realIP,
+			want: &nbpeer.Location{
+				ConnectionIP: realIP,
+				CountryCode:  "US",
+				CityName:     "City B",
+				GeoNameID:    200,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "different IP returns location",
+			geo:  &fakeGeo{geoNameID: 100, isoCode: "US", cityName: "City A"},
+			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
+				ID: "p1",
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{
+					ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("198.51.100.7"),
+					GeoNameID:    100,
+				},
+			},
+			realIP: realIP,
+			want: &nbpeer.Location{
+				ConnectionIP: realIP,
+				CountryCode:  "US",
+				CityName:     "City A",
+				GeoNameID:    100,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "no prior location returns location",
+			geo:    &fakeGeo{geoNameID: 100, isoCode: "US", cityName: "City A"},
+			peer:   &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "p1"},
+			realIP: realIP,
+			want: &nbpeer.Location{
+				ConnectionIP: realIP,
+				CountryCode:  "US",
+				CityName:     "City A",
+				GeoNameID:    100,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			am := &DefaultAccountManager{geo: tt.geo}
+			got := am.resolvePeerLocation(context.Background(), tt.peer, tt.realIP)
+			if tt.wantNil {
+				assert.Nil(t, got, "resolved location should be nil")
+				return
+			}
+			require.NotNil(t, got, "resolved location should not be nil")
+			assert.True(t, tt.want.ConnectionIP.Equal(got.ConnectionIP), "connection IP should match")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want.CountryCode, got.CountryCode, "country code should match")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want.CityName, got.CityName, "city name should match")
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want.GeoNameID, got.GeoNameID, "geoname id should match")
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/policy.go b/management/server/policy.go
index 888969a02..91757e39c 100644
--- a/management/server/policy.go
+++ b/management/server/policy.go
@@ -5,12 +5,13 @@ import (
 	_ "embed"
 
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
@@ -24,12 +25,14 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, polic
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, policy *types.Policy, create bool) (*types.Policy, error) {
 	var isUpdate = policy.ID != ""
 	var err error
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var existingPolicy *types.Policy
 	var action = activity.PolicyAdded
 	var unchanged bool
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		existingPolicy, err := validatePolicy(ctx, transaction, accountID, policy)
+		existingPolicy, err = validatePolicy(ctx, transaction, accountID, policy)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -37,32 +40,36 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 		// TODO: split into separate create and update functions to avoid the isUpdate check
 		if isUpdate {
 			if policy.Equal(existingPolicy) {
-				logrus.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("policy update skipped because equal to stored one - policy id %s", policy.ID)
+				log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("policy update skipped because equal to stored one - policy id %s", policy.ID)
 				unchanged = true
 				return nil
 			}
 
 			action = activity.PolicyUpdated
 
-			updateAccountPeers, err = arePolicyChangesAffectPeersWithExisting(ctx, transaction, policy, existingPolicy)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+			policy.PublicID = existingPolicy.PublicID
 
 			if err = transaction.SavePolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		} else {
-			updateAccountPeers, err = arePolicyChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, policy)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
+			policy.PublicID = xid.New().String()
 			if err = transaction.CreatePolicy(ctx, policy); err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
 		}
 
+		// On update carry both the old and new policy so peers losing access via a
+		// removed rule still refresh; on create there is no prior policy.
+		if isUpdate {
+			change = affectedpeers.Change{Policies: []*types.Policy{existingPolicy, policy}}
+		} else {
+			change = affectedpeers.Change{Policies: []*types.Policy{policy}}
+		}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		return transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -75,9 +82,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 
 	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, policy.ID, accountID, action, policy.EventMeta())
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return policy, nil
 }
@@ -85,8 +90,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, user
 // DeletePolicy from the store
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, policyID, userID string) error {
 	var policy *types.Policy
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
 	var err error
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{}
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		policy, err = transaction.GetPolicyByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, policyID)
@@ -94,8 +100,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, po
 			return err
 		}
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = arePolicyChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, policy)
-		if err != nil {
+		// Load before delete: pre-state still references the policy.
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{Policies: []*types.Policy{policy}}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -111,9 +118,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, po
 
 	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, policyID, accountID, activity.PolicyRemoved, policy.EventMeta())
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -123,46 +128,6 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ListPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountID, us
 	return am.Store.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 }
 
-// arePolicyChangesAffectPeers checks if a policy (being created or deleted) will affect any associated peers.
-func arePolicyChangesAffectPeers(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, policy *types.Policy) (bool, error) {
-	for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
-		if rule.SourceResource.Type != "" || rule.DestinationResource.Type != "" {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, policy.AccountID, policy.RuleGroups())
-}
-
-func arePolicyChangesAffectPeersWithExisting(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, policy *types.Policy, existingPolicy *types.Policy) (bool, error) {
-	if !policy.Enabled && !existingPolicy.Enabled {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	for _, rule := range existingPolicy.Rules {
-		if rule.SourceResource.Type != "" || rule.DestinationResource.Type != "" {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	hasPeers, err := anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, policy.AccountID, existingPolicy.RuleGroups())
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	if hasPeers {
-		return true, nil
-	}
-
-	for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
-		if rule.SourceResource.Type != "" || rule.DestinationResource.Type != "" {
-			return true, nil
-		}
-	}
-
-	return anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, policy.AccountID, policy.RuleGroups())
-}
-
 // validatePolicy validates the policy and its rules. For updates it returns
 // the existing policy loaded from the store so callers can avoid a second read.
 func validatePolicy(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, policy *types.Policy) (*types.Policy, error) {
diff --git a/management/server/policy_test.go b/management/server/policy_test.go
index a3f987732..6fb573b9e 100644
--- a/management/server/policy_test.go
+++ b/management/server/policy_test.go
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package server
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -20,53 +20,53 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
 			"peerA": {
 				ID:     "peerA",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.14.88"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.14.88"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerB": {
 				ID:     "peerB",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.80.39"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.80.39"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.48.0"},
 			},
 			"peerC": {
 				ID:     "peerC",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.254.139"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.254.139"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerD": {
 				ID:     "peerD",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.62.5"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.62.5"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerE": {
 				ID:     "peerE",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.32.206"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.32.206"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerF": {
 				ID:     "peerF",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.250.202"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.250.202"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerG": {
 				ID:     "peerG",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.13.186"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.13.186"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerH": {
 				ID:     "peerH",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.29.55"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.29.55"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerI": {
 				ID:     "peerI",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.31.2"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.31.2"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerK": {
 				ID:     "peerK",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.32.80.1"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.32.80.1"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.30.0"},
 			},
@@ -540,17 +540,17 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyDirect(t *testing.T) {
 		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
 			"peerA": {
 				ID:     "peerA",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.14.88"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.14.88"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerB": {
 				ID:     "peerB",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.80.39"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.80.39"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerC": {
 				ID:     "peerC",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.254.139"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.254.139"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 		},
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
 		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
 			"peerA": {
 				ID:     "peerA",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.14.88"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.14.88"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS:          "linux",
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerB": {
 				ID:     "peerB",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.80.39"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.80.39"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS:          "linux",
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerC": {
 				ID:     "peerC",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.254.139"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.254.139"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS:          "linux",
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerD": {
 				ID:     "peerD",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.62.5"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.62.5"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS:          "linux",
@@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerE": {
 				ID:     "peerE",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.32.206"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.32.206"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS:          "linux",
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerF": {
 				ID:     "peerF",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.250.202"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.250.202"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS:          "linux",
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerG": {
 				ID:     "peerG",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.13.186"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.13.186"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS:          "linux",
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerH": {
 				ID:     "peerH",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.29.55"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.29.55"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS:          "linux",
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersByPolicyPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerI": {
 				ID:     "peerI",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.21.56"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.21.56"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS:          "windows",
@@ -1231,7 +1231,7 @@ func TestPolicyAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ func TestPolicyAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ func TestPolicyAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -1314,17 +1314,19 @@ func TestPolicyAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
 
-	// Updating disabled policy with destination and source groups containing peers should not update account's peers
-	// or send peer update
+	// Updating disabled policy with destination and source groups containing peers should still update account's peers
+	// because affected peer resolution does not filter by policy enabled state
 	t.Run("updating disabled policy with source and destination groups with peers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		drainPeerUpdates(updMsg)
+
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
 			close(done)
 		}()
 
@@ -1335,8 +1337,8 @@ func TestPolicyAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
-			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate")
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
+			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -1355,7 +1357,7 @@ func TestPolicyAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -1373,7 +1375,7 @@ func TestPolicyAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 
@@ -1393,7 +1395,7 @@ func TestPolicyAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
diff --git a/management/server/posture/checks.go b/management/server/posture/checks.go
index f0bbbc32e..c38136d1c 100644
--- a/management/server/posture/checks.go
+++ b/management/server/posture/checks.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"regexp"
 
 	"github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@ type Checks struct {
 	// AccountID is a reference to the Account that this object belongs
 	AccountID string `json:"-" gorm:"index"`
 
+	PublicID string `json:"-"`
+
 	// Checks is a set of objects that perform the actual checks
 	Checks ChecksDefinition `gorm:"serializer:json"`
 }
@@ -125,6 +128,7 @@ func (pc *Checks) Copy() *Checks {
 		Name:        pc.Name,
 		Description: pc.Description,
 		AccountID:   pc.AccountID,
+		PublicID:    pc.PublicID,
 		Checks:      pc.Checks.Copy(),
 	}
 	return checks
diff --git a/management/server/posture/nb_version.go b/management/server/posture/nb_version.go
index 33bf01ad1..3cace3b5f 100644
--- a/management/server/posture/nb_version.go
+++ b/management/server/posture/nb_version.go
@@ -3,12 +3,9 @@ package posture
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	nbversion "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
 )
 
 type NBVersionCheck struct {
@@ -17,14 +14,8 @@ type NBVersionCheck struct {
 
 var _ Check = (*NBVersionCheck)(nil)
 
-// sanitizeVersion removes anything after the pre-release tag (e.g., "-dev", "-alpha", etc.)
-func sanitizeVersion(version string) string {
-	parts := strings.Split(version, "-")
-	return parts[0]
-}
-
 func (n *NBVersionCheck) Check(ctx context.Context, peer nbpeer.Peer) (bool, error) {
-	meetsMin, err := MeetsMinVersion(n.MinVersion, peer.Meta.WtVersion)
+	meetsMin, err := nbversion.MeetsMinVersion(n.MinVersion, peer.Meta.WtVersion)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
@@ -33,9 +24,6 @@ func (n *NBVersionCheck) Check(ctx context.Context, peer nbpeer.Peer) (bool, err
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer %s NB version %s is older than minimum allowed version %s",
-		peer.ID, peer.Meta.WtVersion, n.MinVersion)
-
 	return false, nil
 }
 
@@ -52,21 +40,3 @@ func (n *NBVersionCheck) Validate() error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-// MeetsMinVersion checks if the peer's version meets or exceeds the minimum required version
-func MeetsMinVersion(minVer, peerVer string) (bool, error) {
-	peerVer = sanitizeVersion(peerVer)
-	minVer = sanitizeVersion(minVer)
-
-	peerNBVer, err := version.NewVersion(peerVer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	constraints, err := version.NewConstraint(">= " + minVer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	return constraints.Check(peerNBVer), nil
-}
diff --git a/management/server/posture/nb_version_test.go b/management/server/posture/nb_version_test.go
index d3478afc2..1bf485453 100644
--- a/management/server/posture/nb_version_test.go
+++ b/management/server/posture/nb_version_test.go
@@ -139,68 +139,3 @@ func TestNBVersionCheck_Validate(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func TestMeetsMinVersion(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		minVer  string
-		peerVer string
-		want    bool
-		wantErr bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name:    "Peer version greater than min version",
-			minVer:  "0.26.0",
-			peerVer: "0.60.1",
-			want:    true,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "Peer version equals min version",
-			minVer:  "1.0.0",
-			peerVer: "1.0.0",
-			want:    true,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "Peer version less than min version",
-			minVer:  "1.0.0",
-			peerVer: "0.9.9",
-			want:    false,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "Peer version with pre-release tag greater than min version",
-			minVer:  "1.0.0",
-			peerVer: "1.0.1-alpha",
-			want:    true,
-			wantErr: false,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "Invalid peer version format",
-			minVer:  "1.0.0",
-			peerVer: "dev",
-			want:    false,
-			wantErr: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "Invalid min version format",
-			minVer:  "invalid.version",
-			peerVer: "1.0.0",
-			want:    false,
-			wantErr: true,
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := MeetsMinVersion(tt.minVer, tt.peerVer)
-			if tt.wantErr {
-				assert.Error(t, err)
-			} else {
-				assert.NoError(t, err)
-			}
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
-		})
-	}
-}
diff --git a/management/server/posture/network.go b/management/server/posture/network.go
index f78744143..4b4b3ccaa 100644
--- a/management/server/posture/network.go
+++ b/management/server/posture/network.go
@@ -17,19 +17,48 @@ type PeerNetworkRangeCheck struct {
 
 var _ Check = (*PeerNetworkRangeCheck)(nil)
 
+// prefixContains reports whether outer fully contains inner (equal counts as contained).
+// Requires the same address family, that outer is no more specific than inner (its
+// netmask is shorter or equal), and that inner's network address falls inside outer.
+// This is stricter than netip.Prefix.Contains(Addr) — a peer's /24 NIC will not match a
+// configured /32 rule, since the rule covers a single host but the NIC describes a whole
+// subnet whose host bits are unknown.
+func prefixContains(outer, inner netip.Prefix) bool {
+	outer = outer.Masked()
+	inner = inner.Masked()
+	return outer.Bits() <= inner.Bits() &&
+		outer.Addr().BitLen() == inner.Addr().BitLen() && // same family
+		outer.Contains(inner.Addr())
+}
+
+// Check evaluates configured ranges against the peer's local network interface prefixes
+// and its public connection IP (as a /32 or /128). A configured range matches when it
+// fully contains one of those prefixes, so operators can target both private subnets
+// and public CIDRs (e.g. 1.0.0.0/24, 2.2.2.2/32). Including the connection IP is what
+// lets a public-range posture check work — peer.Meta.NetworkAddresses only carries
+// local NIC addresses.
 func (p *PeerNetworkRangeCheck) Check(ctx context.Context, peer nbpeer.Peer) (bool, error) {
-	if len(peer.Meta.NetworkAddresses) == 0 {
+	peerPrefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(peer.Meta.NetworkAddresses)+1)
+	for _, peerNetAddr := range peer.Meta.NetworkAddresses {
+		peerPrefixes = append(peerPrefixes, peerNetAddr.NetIP)
+	}
+	// Unmap collapses 4-in-6 forms (::ffff:a.b.c.d) so an IPv4 range matches.
+	if connIP := peer.Location.ConnectionIP; len(connIP) > 0 {
+		if addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(connIP); ok {
+			addr = addr.Unmap()
+			peerPrefixes = append(peerPrefixes, netip.PrefixFrom(addr, addr.BitLen()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(peerPrefixes) == 0 {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("peer's does not contain peer network range addresses")
 	}
 
-	maskedPrefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(p.Ranges))
-	for _, prefix := range p.Ranges {
-		maskedPrefixes = append(maskedPrefixes, prefix.Masked())
-	}
-
-	for _, peerNetAddr := range peer.Meta.NetworkAddresses {
-		peerMaskedPrefix := peerNetAddr.NetIP.Masked()
-		if slices.Contains(maskedPrefixes, peerMaskedPrefix) {
+	for _, peerPrefix := range peerPrefixes {
+		for _, rangePrefix := range p.Ranges {
+			if !prefixContains(rangePrefix, peerPrefix) {
+				continue
+			}
 			switch p.Action {
 			case CheckActionDeny:
 				return false, nil
diff --git a/management/server/posture/network_test.go b/management/server/posture/network_test.go
index a841bbe08..4af394c62 100644
--- a/management/server/posture/network_test.go
+++ b/management/server/posture/network_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package posture
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 
@@ -134,6 +135,205 @@ func TestPeerNetworkRangeCheck_Check(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: true,
 			isValid: false,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer connection IP matches the denied /32",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionDeny,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("109.41.115.194/32"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
+					NetworkAddresses: []nbpeer.NetworkAddress{
+						{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.123/24")},
+					},
+				},
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("109.41.115.194")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer connection IP does not match the denied /32",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionDeny,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("109.41.115.194/32"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
+					NetworkAddresses: []nbpeer.NetworkAddress{
+						{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.123/24")},
+					},
+				},
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("8.8.8.8")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Peer connection IP matches the allowed /32 with no NetworkAddresses",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionAllow,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("109.41.115.194/32"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("109.41.115.194")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6 connection IP matches the denied /128",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionDeny,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::1/128"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::1")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6 connection IP does not match the denied /128",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionDeny,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::1/128"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("2001:db8::2")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv4-mapped IPv6 connection IP matches IPv4 /32",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionDeny,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("109.41.115.194/32"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("::ffff:109.41.115.194")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Connection IP falls inside an allowed /24 range",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionAllow,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("1.0.0.0/24"),
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("2.2.2.2/32"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("1.0.0.55")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Connection IP falls inside an allowed /23 range",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionAllow,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("3.0.0.0/23"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("3.0.1.200")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Connection IP outside the allowed /24 range",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionAllow,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("1.0.0.0/24"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("1.0.1.5")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Connection IP inside a denied /24 range",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionDeny,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("1.0.0.0/24"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Location: nbpeer.Location{ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("1.0.0.7")},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Local NIC /24 does not match a /32 rule even if host bit lines up",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionAllow,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.5/32"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
+					NetworkAddresses: []nbpeer.NetworkAddress{
+						{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.5/24")},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Local NIC address inside an allowed /16 range",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionAllow,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: nbpeer.Peer{
+				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
+					NetworkAddresses: []nbpeer.NetworkAddress{
+						{NetIP: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.5.7/24")},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+			isValid: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Empty NetworkAddresses and empty ConnectionIP still errors",
+			check: PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+				Action: CheckActionDeny,
+				Ranges: []netip.Prefix{
+					netip.MustParsePrefix("109.41.115.194/32"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer:    nbpeer.Peer{},
+			wantErr: true,
+			isValid: false,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
diff --git a/management/server/posture/os_version.go b/management/server/posture/os_version.go
index 2ef97a066..724bebfcc 100644
--- a/management/server/posture/os_version.go
+++ b/management/server/posture/os_version.go
@@ -100,8 +100,6 @@ func checkMinVersion(ctx context.Context, peerGoOS, peerVersion string, check *M
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer %s OS version %s is older than minimum allowed version %s", peerGoOS, peerVersion, check.MinVersion)
-
 	return false, nil
 }
 
@@ -125,7 +123,5 @@ func checkMinKernelVersion(ctx context.Context, peerGoOS, peerVersion string, ch
 		return true, nil
 	}
 
-	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("peer %s kernel version %s is older than minimum allowed version %s", peerGoOS, peerVersion, check.MinKernelVersion)
-
 	return false, nil
 }
diff --git a/management/server/posture_checks.go b/management/server/posture_checks.go
index 799cbf86f..85d571c78 100644
--- a/management/server/posture_checks.go
+++ b/management/server/posture_checks.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
@@ -18,10 +19,11 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID
 
 // SavePostureChecks saves a posture check.
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, postureChecks *posture.Checks, create bool) (*posture.Checks, error) {
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
 	var err error
 	var isUpdate = postureChecks.ID != ""
 	var action = activity.PostureCheckCreated
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	change := affectedpeers.Change{PostureCheckIDs: []string{postureChecks.ID}}
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		if err = validatePostureChecks(ctx, transaction, accountID, postureChecks); err != nil {
@@ -30,12 +32,15 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountI
 
 		// TODO: split into separate create and update functions to avoid the isUpdate check
 		if isUpdate {
-			updateAccountPeers, err = arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, accountID, postureChecks.ID)
+			existing, err := transaction.GetPostureChecksByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID, postureChecks.ID)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
+			postureChecks.PublicID = existing.PublicID
 
 			action = activity.PostureCheckUpdated
+		} else {
+			postureChecks.PublicID = xid.New().String()
 		}
 
 		postureChecks.AccountID = accountID
@@ -44,6 +49,11 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountI
 		}
 
 		if isUpdate {
+			// Editing a posture check does not change which policies reference it,
+			// so loading after the save is fine.
+			if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
 			return transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID)
 		}
 
@@ -55,9 +65,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SavePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountI
 
 	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, postureChecks.ID, accountID, action, postureChecks.EventMeta())
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return postureChecks, nil
 }
@@ -97,29 +105,6 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) ListPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountI
 	return am.Store.GetAccountPostureChecks(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 }
 
-// arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers checks if the changes in posture checks are affecting peers.
-func arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID, postureCheckID string) (bool, error) {
-	policies, err := transaction.GetAccountPolicies(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	for _, policy := range policies {
-		if slices.Contains(policy.SourcePostureChecks, postureCheckID) {
-			hasPeers, err := anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, accountID, policy.RuleGroups())
-			if err != nil {
-				return false, err
-			}
-
-			if hasPeers {
-				return true, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false, nil
-}
-
 // validatePostureChecks validates the posture checks.
 func validatePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, postureChecks *posture.Checks) error {
 	if err := postureChecks.Validate(); err != nil {
diff --git a/management/server/posture_checks_test.go b/management/server/posture_checks_test.go
index 4c5b9bda6..3052853ee 100644
--- a/management/server/posture_checks_test.go
+++ b/management/server/posture_checks_test.go
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ func TestPostureCheckAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ func TestPostureCheckAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ func TestPostureCheckAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ func TestPostureCheckAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ func TestPostureCheckAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -477,6 +477,7 @@ func TestArePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 
 	policy := &types.Policy{
 		AccountID: account.Id,
+		Enabled:   true,
 		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{
 			{
 				Enabled:      true,
@@ -491,21 +492,20 @@ func TestArePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to save policy")
 
 	t.Run("posture check exists and is linked to policy with peers", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result, err := arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, result)
+		groupIDs, _ := collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, groupIDs)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("posture check exists but is not linked to any policy", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result, err := arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckB.ID)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.False(t, result)
+		groupIDs, directPeerIDs := collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckB.ID)
+		assert.Empty(t, groupIDs)
+		assert.Empty(t, directPeerIDs)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("posture check does not exist", func(t *testing.T) {
-		result, err := arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, "unknown")
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.False(t, result)
+		groupIDs, directPeerIDs := collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, "unknown")
+		assert.Empty(t, groupIDs)
+		assert.Empty(t, directPeerIDs)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("posture check is linked to policy with no peers in source groups", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -514,9 +514,8 @@ func TestArePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err = manager.SavePolicy(context.Background(), account.Id, adminUserID, policy, true)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to update policy")
 
-		result, err := arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, result)
+		groupIDs, _ := collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, groupIDs)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("posture check is linked to policy with no peers in destination groups", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -525,9 +524,8 @@ func TestArePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err = manager.SavePolicy(context.Background(), account.Id, adminUserID, policy, true)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to update policy")
 
-		result, err := arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, result)
+		groupIDs, _ := collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, groupIDs)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("posture check is linked to policy but no peers in groups", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -535,9 +533,9 @@ func TestArePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 		err = manager.UpdateGroup(context.Background(), account.Id, adminUserID, groupA)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to save groups")
 
-		result, err := arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.False(t, result)
+		// The collector returns groups even if they have no peers — the groups are still referenced
+		groupIDs, _ := collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, groupIDs)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("posture check is linked to policy with non-existent group", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -546,8 +544,68 @@ func TestArePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err = manager.SavePolicy(context.Background(), account.Id, adminUserID, policy, true)
 		require.NoError(t, err, "failed to update policy")
 
-		result, err := arePostureCheckChangesAffectPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.False(t, result)
+		// Non-existent groups are filtered out during SavePolicy validation,
+		// so the saved policy has empty Sources/Destinations
+		groupIDs, directPeerIDs := collectPostureCheckAffectedGroupsAndPeers(context.Background(), manager.Store, account.Id, postureCheckA.ID)
+		assert.Empty(t, groupIDs)
+		assert.Empty(t, directPeerIDs)
 	})
 }
+
+// TestSavePostureChecks_AllocatesSeqIDOnCreate verifies that the create path
+// (no incoming ID) allocates a non-zero AccountSeqID via the
+// account_seq_counters table.
+func TestSavePostureChecks_AllocatesSeqIDOnCreate(t *testing.T) {
+	am, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	account, err := initTestPostureChecksAccount(am)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	created, err := am.SavePostureChecks(context.Background(), account.Id, adminUserID, &posture.Checks{
+		Name: "seq-allocation-test",
+		Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.26.0"},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEqual(t, "", created.PublicID, "SavePostureChecks on create must create PublicID")
+}
+
+// TestSavePostureChecks_PreservesSeqIDOnUpdate verifies the update path does
+// not reset AccountSeqID even when the caller passes a zero value (REST
+// handler shape, because the field is `json:"-"`).
+func TestSavePostureChecks_PreservesSeqIDOnUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	am, _, err := createManager(t)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	account, err := initTestPostureChecksAccount(am)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	created, err := am.SavePostureChecks(context.Background(), account.Id, adminUserID, &posture.Checks{
+		Name: "seq-preserve-original",
+		Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.26.0"},
+		},
+	}, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	originalPublicID := created.PublicID
+	require.NotEqual(t, "", originalPublicID)
+
+	update := &posture.Checks{
+		ID:   created.ID,
+		Name: "seq-preserve-renamed",
+		Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.27.0"},
+		},
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, "", update.PublicID, "incoming struct must mirror an HTTP handler shape")
+
+	_, err = am.SavePostureChecks(context.Background(), account.Id, adminUserID, update, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	got, err := am.GetPostureChecks(context.Background(), account.Id, created.ID, adminUserID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, originalPublicID, got.PublicID, "PublicID must survive SavePostureChecks update")
+	require.Equal(t, "seq-preserve-renamed", got.Name)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/route.go b/management/server/route.go
index 64ff4ee91..f85c79c53 100644
--- a/management/server/route.go
+++ b/management/server/route.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
@@ -129,8 +130,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID stri
 	}
 
 	var newRoute *route.Route
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
 	var err error
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		newRoute = &route.Route{
@@ -156,12 +158,14 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID stri
 			return err
 		}
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areRouteChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, newRoute)
-		if err != nil {
+		newRoute.PublicID = xid.New().String()
+
+		if err = transaction.SaveRoute(ctx, newRoute); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		if err = transaction.SaveRoute(ctx, newRoute); err != nil {
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{Routes: []*route.Route{newRoute}}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -173,9 +177,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID stri
 
 	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, string(newRoute.ID), accountID, activity.RouteCreated, newRoute.EventMeta())
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return newRoute, nil
 }
@@ -184,8 +186,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreateRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID stri
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, routeToSave *route.Route) error {
 	var oldRoute *route.Route
 	var err error
-	var oldRouteAffectsPeers bool
-	var newRouteAffectsPeers bool
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
 		if err = validateRoute(ctx, transaction, accountID, routeToSave); err != nil {
@@ -197,21 +199,18 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID, userI
 			return err
 		}
 
-		oldRouteAffectsPeers, err = areRouteChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, oldRoute)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		newRouteAffectsPeers, err = areRouteChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, routeToSave)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
 		routeToSave.AccountID = accountID
+		routeToSave.PublicID = oldRoute.PublicID
 
 		if err = transaction.SaveRoute(ctx, routeToSave); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{Routes: []*route.Route{routeToSave, oldRoute}}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
 		return transaction.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -220,27 +219,27 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID, userI
 
 	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, string(routeToSave.ID), accountID, activity.RouteUpdated, routeToSave.EventMeta())
 
-	if oldRouteAffectsPeers || newRouteAffectsPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
 
 // DeleteRoute deletes route with routeID
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID string, routeID route.ID, userID string) error {
-	var route *route.Route
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var rt *route.Route
 	var err error
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-		route, err = transaction.GetRouteByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, string(routeID))
+		rt, err = transaction.GetRouteByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, string(routeID))
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
-		updateAccountPeers, err = areRouteChangesAffectPeers(ctx, transaction, route)
-		if err != nil {
+		// Load before delete: pre-state captures everyone referencing the route.
+		change = affectedpeers.Change{Routes: []*route.Route{rt}}
+		if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -254,11 +253,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID stri
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete route %s: %w", routeID, err)
 	}
 
-	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, string(route.ID), accountID, activity.RouteRemoved, route.EventMeta())
+	am.StoreEvent(ctx, userID, string(rt.ID), accountID, activity.RouteRemoved, rt.EventMeta())
 
-	if updateAccountPeers {
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
-	}
+	am.ExpandAndUpdateAffected(ctx, accountID, snap, change)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -338,25 +335,6 @@ func getPlaceholderIP() netip.Prefix {
 	return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 0, 2, 0}), 32)
 }
 
-// areRouteChangesAffectPeers checks if a given route affects peers by determining
-// if it has a routing peer, distribution, or peer groups that include peers.
-func areRouteChangesAffectPeers(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, route *route.Route) (bool, error) {
-	if route.Peer != "" {
-		return true, nil
-	}
-
-	hasPeers, err := anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, route.AccountID, route.Groups)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	if hasPeers {
-		return true, nil
-	}
-
-	return anyGroupHasPeersOrResources(ctx, transaction, route.AccountID, route.PeerGroups)
-}
-
 // GetRoutesByPrefixOrDomains return list of routes by account and route prefix
 func getRoutesByPrefixOrDomains(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, accountID string, prefix netip.Prefix, domains domain.List) ([]*route.Route, error) {
 	accountRoutes, err := transaction.GetAccountRoutes(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
diff --git a/management/server/route_test.go b/management/server/route_test.go
index 0811f2ca5..9b037341c 100644
--- a/management/server/route_test.go
+++ b/management/server/route_test.go
@@ -2,17 +2,14 @@ package server
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"sort"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/update_channel"
@@ -1204,7 +1201,7 @@ func TestGetNetworkMap_RouteSync(t *testing.T) {
 	peer1Routes, err := am.GetNetworkMap(context.Background(), peer1ID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Len(t, peer1Routes.Routes, 1, "we should receive one route for peer1")
-	require.True(t, expectedRoute.Equal(peer1Routes.Routes[0]), "received route should be equal")
+	require.True(t, types.TwinRoute(expectedRoute).Equal(peer1Routes.Routes[0]), "received route should be equal")
 
 	peer2Routes, err := am.GetNetworkMap(context.Background(), peer2ID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1302,7 +1299,7 @@ func createRouterManager(t *testing.T) (*DefaultAccountManager, *update_channel.
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peers.NewManager(store)), &config.Config{})
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peers.NewManager(store)), &config.Config{}, nil)
 
 	am, err := BuildManager(context.Background(), nil, store, networkMapController, job.NewJobManager(nil, store, peersManager), nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, MockIntegratedValidator{}, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManager, false, cacheStore)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1335,14 +1332,24 @@ func initTestRouteAccount(t *testing.T, am *DefaultAccountManager) (*types.Accou
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	v6Prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(account.Network.NetV6.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	ips := account.GetTakenIPs()
-	peer1IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(account.Network.Net, ips)
+	peer1IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(netip.MustParsePrefix(account.Network.Net.String()), ips)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	peer1IPv6, err := types.AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(v6Prefix)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	peer1 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		IP:       peer1IP,
+		IPv6:     peer1IPv6,
 		ID:       peer1ID,
 		Key:      peer1Key,
 		Name:     "test-host1@netbird.io",
@@ -1363,13 +1370,18 @@ func initTestRouteAccount(t *testing.T, am *DefaultAccountManager) (*types.Accou
 	account.Peers[peer1.ID] = peer1
 
 	ips = account.GetTakenIPs()
-	peer2IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(account.Network.Net, ips)
+	peer2IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(netip.MustParsePrefix(account.Network.Net.String()), ips)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	peer2IPv6, err := types.AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(v6Prefix)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	peer2 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		IP:       peer2IP,
+		IPv6:     peer2IPv6,
 		ID:       peer2ID,
 		Key:      peer2Key,
 		Name:     "test-host2@netbird.io",
@@ -1390,13 +1402,18 @@ func initTestRouteAccount(t *testing.T, am *DefaultAccountManager) (*types.Accou
 	account.Peers[peer2.ID] = peer2
 
 	ips = account.GetTakenIPs()
-	peer3IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(account.Network.Net, ips)
+	peer3IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(netip.MustParsePrefix(account.Network.Net.String()), ips)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	peer3IPv6, err := types.AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(v6Prefix)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	peer3 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		IP:       peer3IP,
+		IPv6:     peer3IPv6,
 		ID:       peer3ID,
 		Key:      peer3Key,
 		Name:     "test-host3@netbird.io",
@@ -1417,13 +1434,18 @@ func initTestRouteAccount(t *testing.T, am *DefaultAccountManager) (*types.Accou
 	account.Peers[peer3.ID] = peer3
 
 	ips = account.GetTakenIPs()
-	peer4IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(account.Network.Net, ips)
+	peer4IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(netip.MustParsePrefix(account.Network.Net.String()), ips)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	peer4IPv6, err := types.AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(v6Prefix)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	peer4 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		IP:       peer4IP,
+		IPv6:     peer4IPv6,
 		ID:       peer4ID,
 		Key:      peer4Key,
 		Name:     "test-host4@netbird.io",
@@ -1444,13 +1466,18 @@ func initTestRouteAccount(t *testing.T, am *DefaultAccountManager) (*types.Accou
 	account.Peers[peer4.ID] = peer4
 
 	ips = account.GetTakenIPs()
-	peer5IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(account.Network.Net, ips)
+	peer5IP, err := types.AllocatePeerIP(netip.MustParsePrefix(account.Network.Net.String()), ips)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	peer5IPv6, err := types.AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(v6Prefix)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	peer5 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		IP:       peer5IP,
+		IPv6:     peer5IPv6,
 		ID:       peer5ID,
 		Key:      peer5Key,
 		Name:     "test-host5@netbird.io",
@@ -1551,7 +1578,8 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersRoutesFirewall(t *testing.T) {
 		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
 			"peerA": {
 				ID:     "peerA",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.14.88"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.14.88"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS: "linux",
@@ -1559,18 +1587,21 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersRoutesFirewall(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerB": {
 				ID:     "peerB",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerBIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerBIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 			},
 			"peerC": {
 				ID:     "peerC",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerCIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerCIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerD": {
 				ID:     "peerD",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.62.5"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.62.5"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::4"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 					GoOS: "linux",
@@ -1578,7 +1609,8 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersRoutesFirewall(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerE": {
 				ID:     "peerE",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.32.206"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.32.206"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::5"),
 				Key:    peer1Key,
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
@@ -1587,27 +1619,32 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersRoutesFirewall(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerF": {
 				ID:     "peerF",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.250.202"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.250.202"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::6"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerG": {
 				ID:     "peerG",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.13.186"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.13.186"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::7"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerH": {
 				ID:     "peerH",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerHIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerHIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::8"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerJ": {
 				ID:     "peerJ",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerJIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerJIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerK": {
 				ID:     "peerK",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerKIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerKIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::b"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 		},
@@ -1840,11 +1877,6 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersRoutesFirewall(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	validatedPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for p := range account.Peers {
-		validatedPeers[p] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
 	t.Run("check applied policies for the route", func(t *testing.T) {
 		route1 := account.Routes["route1"]
 		policies := types.GetAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups(account, route1.AccessControlGroups)
@@ -1858,116 +1890,6 @@ func TestAccount_getPeersRoutesFirewall(t *testing.T) {
 		policies = types.GetAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups(account, route3.AccessControlGroups)
 		assert.Len(t, policies, 0)
 	})
-
-	t.Run("check peer routes firewall rules", func(t *testing.T) {
-		routesFirewallRules := account.GetPeerRoutesFirewallRules(context.Background(), "peerA", validatedPeers)
-		assert.Len(t, routesFirewallRules, 4)
-
-		expectedRoutesFirewallRules := []*types.RouteFirewallRule{
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerCIp),
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerHIp),
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerBIp),
-				},
-				Action:      "accept",
-				Destination: "192.168.0.0/16",
-				Protocol:    "all",
-				Port:        80,
-				RouteID:     "route1:peerA",
-			},
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerCIp),
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerHIp),
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerBIp),
-				},
-				Action:      "accept",
-				Destination: "192.168.0.0/16",
-				Protocol:    "all",
-				Port:        320,
-				RouteID:     "route1:peerA",
-			},
-		}
-		additionalFirewallRule := []*types.RouteFirewallRule{
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerJIp),
-				},
-				Action:      "accept",
-				Destination: "192.168.10.0/16",
-				Protocol:    "tcp",
-				Port:        80,
-				RouteID:     "route4:peerA",
-			},
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerKIp),
-				},
-				Action:      "accept",
-				Destination: "192.168.10.0/16",
-				Protocol:    "all",
-				RouteID:     "route4:peerA",
-			},
-		}
-
-		assert.ElementsMatch(t, orderRuleSourceRanges(routesFirewallRules), orderRuleSourceRanges(append(expectedRoutesFirewallRules, additionalFirewallRule...)))
-
-		// peerD is also the routing peer for route1, should contain same routes firewall rules as peerA
-		routesFirewallRules = account.GetPeerRoutesFirewallRules(context.Background(), "peerD", validatedPeers)
-		assert.Len(t, routesFirewallRules, 2)
-		for _, rule := range expectedRoutesFirewallRules {
-			rule.RouteID = "route1:peerD"
-		}
-		assert.ElementsMatch(t, orderRuleSourceRanges(routesFirewallRules), orderRuleSourceRanges(expectedRoutesFirewallRules))
-
-		// peerE is a single routing peer for route 2 and route 3
-		routesFirewallRules = account.GetPeerRoutesFirewallRules(context.Background(), "peerE", validatedPeers)
-		assert.Len(t, routesFirewallRules, 3)
-
-		expectedRoutesFirewallRules = []*types.RouteFirewallRule{
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{"100.65.250.202/32", "100.65.13.186/32"},
-				Action:       "accept",
-				Destination:  existingNetwork.String(),
-				Protocol:     "tcp",
-				PortRange:    types.RulePortRange{Start: 80, End: 350},
-				RouteID:      "route2",
-			},
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{"0.0.0.0/0"},
-				Action:       "accept",
-				Destination:  "192.0.2.0/32",
-				Protocol:     "all",
-				Domains:      domain.List{"example.com"},
-				IsDynamic:    true,
-				RouteID:      "route3",
-			},
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{"::/0"},
-				Action:       "accept",
-				Destination:  "192.0.2.0/32",
-				Protocol:     "all",
-				Domains:      domain.List{"example.com"},
-				IsDynamic:    true,
-				RouteID:      "route3",
-			},
-		}
-		assert.ElementsMatch(t, orderRuleSourceRanges(routesFirewallRules), orderRuleSourceRanges(expectedRoutesFirewallRules))
-
-		// peerC is part of route1 distribution groups but should not receive the routes firewall rules
-		routesFirewallRules = account.GetPeerRoutesFirewallRules(context.Background(), "peerC", validatedPeers)
-		assert.Len(t, routesFirewallRules, 0)
-	})
-
-}
-
-// orderList is a helper function to sort a list of strings
-func orderRuleSourceRanges(ruleList []*types.RouteFirewallRule) []*types.RouteFirewallRule {
-	for _, rule := range ruleList {
-		sort.Strings(rule.SourceRanges)
-	}
-	return ruleList
 }
 
 func TestRouteAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
@@ -2040,8 +1962,10 @@ func TestRouteAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 	})
 
-	// Creating a route with no routing peer and having peers in groups should update account peers and send peer update
+	// Creating a route with no routing peer and having peers in groups that don't include peer1 should not send peer1 an update
 	t.Run("creating a route with peers in  PeerGroups and Groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		drainPeerUpdates(updMsg)
+
 		route := route.Route{
 			ID:          "testingRoute2",
 			Network:     netip.MustParsePrefix("192.0.2.0/32"),
@@ -2057,7 +1981,7 @@ func TestRouteAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
 			close(done)
 		}()
 
@@ -2071,7 +1995,7 @@ func TestRouteAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		select {
 		case <-done:
 		case <-time.After(time.Second):
-			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
+			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 
 	})
@@ -2107,7 +2031,7 @@ func TestRouteAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -2127,7 +2051,7 @@ func TestRouteAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -2145,7 +2069,7 @@ func TestRouteAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -2185,7 +2109,7 @@ func TestRouteAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -2225,7 +2149,7 @@ func TestRouteAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -2246,84 +2170,101 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(t *testing.T) {
 		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
 			"peerA": {
 				ID:     "peerA",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.14.88"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.14.88"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 				Key:    "peerA",
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					GoOS: "linux",
+					GoOS:         "linux",
+					Capabilities: []int32{nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay},
 				},
 			},
 			"peerB": {
 				ID:     "peerB",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerBIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerBIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 			},
 			"peerC": {
 				ID:     "peerC",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerCIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerCIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerD": {
 				ID:     "peerD",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.62.5"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.62.5"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::4"),
 				Key:    "peerD",
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					GoOS: "linux",
+					GoOS:         "linux",
+					Capabilities: []int32{nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay},
 				},
 			},
 			"peerE": {
 				ID:     "peerE",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.32.206"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.32.206"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::5"),
 				Key:    "peerE",
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					GoOS: "linux",
+					GoOS:         "linux",
+					Capabilities: []int32{nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay},
 				},
 			},
 			"peerF": {
 				ID:     "peerF",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.250.202"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.250.202"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::6"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerG": {
 				ID:     "peerG",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.13.186"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.13.186"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::7"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerH": {
 				ID:     "peerH",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerHIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerHIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::8"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerJ": {
 				ID:     "peerJ",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerJIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerJIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerK": {
 				ID:     "peerK",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerKIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerKIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::b"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerL": {
 				ID:     "peerL",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.19.186"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.19.186"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::d"),
 				Key:    "peerL",
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					GoOS: "linux",
+					GoOS:         "linux",
+					Capabilities: []int32{nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay},
 				},
 			},
 			"peerM": {
 				ID:     "peerM",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerMIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerMIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::e"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 			"peerN": {
 				ID:     "peerN",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP("100.65.20.18"),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr("100.65.20.18"),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::f"),
 				Key:    "peerN",
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
@@ -2332,7 +2273,8 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			"peerO": {
 				ID:     "peerO",
-				IP:     net.ParseIP(peerOIp),
+				IP:     netip.MustParseAddr(peerOIp),
+				IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::10"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{},
 			},
 		},
@@ -2665,11 +2607,6 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 
-	validatedPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for p := range account.Peers {
-		validatedPeers[p] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
 	t.Run("validate applied policies for different network resources", func(t *testing.T) {
 		// Test case: Resource1 is directly applied to the policy (policyResource1)
 		policies := account.GetPoliciesForNetworkResource("resource1")
@@ -2693,127 +2630,4 @@ func TestAccount_GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(t *testing.T) {
 		policies = account.GetPoliciesForNetworkResource("resource6")
 		assert.Len(t, policies, 1, "resource6 should have exactly 1 policy applied via access control groups")
 	})
-
-	t.Run("validate routing peer firewall rules for network resources", func(t *testing.T) {
-		resourcePoliciesMap := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-		resourceRoutersMap := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-		_, routes, sourcePeers := account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), "peerA", resourcePoliciesMap, resourceRoutersMap)
-		firewallRules := account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(context.Background(), account.Peers["peerA"], validatedPeers, routes, resourcePoliciesMap)
-		assert.Len(t, firewallRules, 4)
-		assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 5)
-
-		expectedFirewallRules := []*types.RouteFirewallRule{
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerCIp),
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerHIp),
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerBIp),
-				},
-				Action:      "accept",
-				Destination: "192.168.0.0/16",
-				Protocol:    "all",
-				Port:        80,
-				RouteID:     "resource2:peerA",
-			},
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerCIp),
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerHIp),
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerBIp),
-				},
-				Action:      "accept",
-				Destination: "192.168.0.0/16",
-				Protocol:    "all",
-				Port:        320,
-				RouteID:     "resource2:peerA",
-			},
-		}
-
-		additionalFirewallRules := []*types.RouteFirewallRule{
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerJIp),
-				},
-				Action:      "accept",
-				Destination: "192.0.2.0/32",
-				Protocol:    "tcp",
-				Port:        80,
-				Domains:     domain.List{"example.com"},
-				IsDynamic:   true,
-				RouteID:     "resource4:peerA",
-			},
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{
-					fmt.Sprintf(types.AllowedIPsFormat, peerKIp),
-				},
-				Action:      "accept",
-				Destination: "192.0.2.0/32",
-				Protocol:    "all",
-				Domains:     domain.List{"example.com"},
-				IsDynamic:   true,
-				RouteID:     "resource4:peerA",
-			},
-		}
-		assert.ElementsMatch(t, orderRuleSourceRanges(firewallRules), orderRuleSourceRanges(append(expectedFirewallRules, additionalFirewallRules...)))
-
-		// peerD is also the routing peer for resource2
-		_, routes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), "peerD", resourcePoliciesMap, resourceRoutersMap)
-		firewallRules = account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(context.Background(), account.Peers["peerD"], validatedPeers, routes, resourcePoliciesMap)
-		assert.Len(t, firewallRules, 2)
-		for _, rule := range expectedFirewallRules {
-			rule.RouteID = "resource2:peerD"
-		}
-		assert.ElementsMatch(t, orderRuleSourceRanges(firewallRules), orderRuleSourceRanges(expectedFirewallRules))
-		assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 3)
-
-		// peerE is a single routing peer for resource1 and resource3
-		// PeerE should only receive rules for resource1 since resource3 has no applied policy
-		_, routes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), "peerE", resourcePoliciesMap, resourceRoutersMap)
-		firewallRules = account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(context.Background(), account.Peers["peerE"], validatedPeers, routes, resourcePoliciesMap)
-		assert.Len(t, firewallRules, 1)
-		assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 2)
-
-		expectedFirewallRules = []*types.RouteFirewallRule{
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{"100.65.250.202/32", "100.65.13.186/32"},
-				Action:       "accept",
-				Destination:  "10.10.10.0/24",
-				Protocol:     "tcp",
-				PortRange:    types.RulePortRange{Start: 80, End: 350},
-				RouteID:      "resource1:peerE",
-			},
-		}
-		assert.ElementsMatch(t, orderRuleSourceRanges(firewallRules), orderRuleSourceRanges(expectedFirewallRules))
-
-		// peerC is part of distribution groups for resource2 but should not receive the firewall rules
-		firewallRules = account.GetPeerRoutesFirewallRules(context.Background(), "peerC", validatedPeers)
-		assert.Len(t, firewallRules, 0)
-
-		// peerL is the single routing peer for resource5
-		_, routes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), "peerL", resourcePoliciesMap, resourceRoutersMap)
-		assert.Len(t, routes, 1)
-		firewallRules = account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(context.Background(), account.Peers["peerL"], validatedPeers, routes, resourcePoliciesMap)
-		assert.Len(t, firewallRules, 1)
-		assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 1)
-
-		expectedFirewallRules = []*types.RouteFirewallRule{
-			{
-				SourceRanges: []string{"100.65.29.67/32"},
-				Action:       "accept",
-				Destination:  "10.12.12.1/32",
-				Protocol:     "tcp",
-				Port:         8080,
-				RouteID:      "resource5:peerL",
-			},
-		}
-		assert.ElementsMatch(t, orderRuleSourceRanges(firewallRules), orderRuleSourceRanges(expectedFirewallRules))
-
-		_, routes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), "peerM", resourcePoliciesMap, resourceRoutersMap)
-		assert.Len(t, routes, 1)
-		assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0)
-
-		_, routes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), "peerN", resourcePoliciesMap, resourceRoutersMap)
-		assert.Len(t, routes, 1)
-		assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 2)
-	})
 }
diff --git a/management/server/scheduler.go b/management/server/scheduler.go
index b61643295..1daea4295 100644
--- a/management/server/scheduler.go
+++ b/management/server/scheduler.go
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ func (wm *DefaultScheduler) Schedule(ctx context.Context, in time.Duration, ID s
 	}
 
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(in)
+	period := in
 
 	wm.jobs[ID] = cancel
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("scheduled a job %s to run in %s. There are %d total jobs scheduled.", ID, in.String(), len(wm.jobs))
@@ -136,14 +137,18 @@ func (wm *DefaultScheduler) Schedule(ctx context.Context, in time.Duration, ID s
 				if !reschedule {
 					wm.mu.Lock()
 					defer wm.mu.Unlock()
-					delete(wm.jobs, ID)
+					// A Cancel during job() may have registered a replacement under this ID.
+					if current, ok := wm.jobs[ID]; ok && current == cancel {
+						delete(wm.jobs, ID)
+					}
 					log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("job %s is not scheduled to run again", ID)
 					ticker.Stop()
 					return
 				}
 				// we need this comparison to avoid resetting the ticker with the same duration and missing the current elapsesed time
-				if runIn != in {
+				if runIn != period {
 					ticker.Reset(runIn)
+					period = runIn
 				}
 			case <-cancel:
 				log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("job %s was canceled, stopping timer", ID)
diff --git a/management/server/scheduler_test.go b/management/server/scheduler_test.go
index e3af551ad..9dd13ce6b 100644
--- a/management/server/scheduler_test.go
+++ b/management/server/scheduler_test.go
@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@ import (
 	"math/rand"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 func TestScheduler_Performance(t *testing.T) {
@@ -150,3 +152,90 @@ func TestScheduler_Schedule(t *testing.T) {
 	scheduler.cancel(context.Background(), jobID)
 
 }
+
+func TestScheduler_Schedule_ResetsTickerAfterReturningInitialInterval(t *testing.T) {
+	jobID := "test-scheduler-job-2"
+	scheduler := NewDefaultScheduler()
+	defer scheduler.Cancel(context.Background(), []string{jobID})
+
+	initial := 30 * time.Millisecond
+	stretched := 400 * time.Millisecond
+	runs := make(chan time.Time, 3)
+	count := 0
+	// The first run stretches the period; the second returns the initial interval again,
+	// which must shrink the period back instead of keeping the stretched one.
+	job := func() (nextRunIn time.Duration, reschedule bool) {
+		count++
+		runs <- time.Now()
+		switch count {
+		case 1:
+			return stretched, true
+		case 2:
+			return initial, true
+		default:
+			return 0, false
+		}
+	}
+	scheduler.Schedule(context.Background(), initial, jobID, job)
+
+	var stamps []time.Time
+	for len(stamps) < 3 {
+		select {
+		case ts := <-runs:
+			stamps = append(stamps, ts)
+		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("timed out after %d runs", len(stamps))
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Less(t, stamps[2].Sub(stamps[1]), stretched/2, "returning the initial interval must reset the stretched ticker")
+}
+
+func TestScheduler_Schedule_StaleCompletionKeepsReplacement(t *testing.T) {
+	jobID := "test-scheduler-job-3"
+	scheduler := NewDefaultScheduler()
+	defer scheduler.Cancel(context.Background(), []string{jobID})
+
+	started := make(chan struct{})
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	staleJob := func() (nextRunIn time.Duration, reschedule bool) {
+		close(started)
+		<-release
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	scheduler.Schedule(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond, jobID, staleJob)
+	select {
+	case <-started:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for the first job to start")
+	}
+
+	// Cancel the job while it is still executing and register a replacement under the
+	// same ID, as the expiration paths do on a settings change.
+	scheduler.Cancel(context.Background(), []string{jobID})
+	var replacementRuns atomic.Int32
+	scheduler.Schedule(context.Background(), 20*time.Millisecond, jobID, func() (nextRunIn time.Duration, reschedule bool) {
+		replacementRuns.Add(1)
+		return 20 * time.Millisecond, true
+	})
+	require.True(t, scheduler.IsSchedulerRunning(jobID), "replacement must be registered")
+
+	// The stale job now completes without rescheduling; its cleanup must leave the
+	// replacement's entry in place.
+	close(release)
+	assert.Never(t, func() bool { return !scheduler.IsSchedulerRunning(jobID) }, 200*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond,
+		"stale completion must not drop the replacement job")
+
+	var duplicateRuns atomic.Int32
+	scheduler.Schedule(context.Background(), 10*time.Millisecond, jobID, func() (nextRunIn time.Duration, reschedule bool) {
+		duplicateRuns.Add(1)
+		return 10 * time.Millisecond, true
+	})
+	assert.Never(t, func() bool { return duplicateRuns.Load() > 0 }, 100*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond,
+		"a duplicate schedule must be refused while the replacement is registered")
+
+	scheduler.Cancel(context.Background(), []string{jobID})
+	assert.False(t, scheduler.IsSchedulerRunning(jobID), "cancel must find and remove the replacement")
+	runsAfterCancel := replacementRuns.Load()
+	assert.Never(t, func() bool { return replacementRuns.Load() > runsAfterCancel+1 }, 150*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond,
+		"the replacement must stop after cancel")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/settings/manager.go b/management/server/settings/manager.go
index ef8b9c95d..5fa3d8e79 100644
--- a/management/server/settings/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/settings/manager.go
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 package settings
 
-//go:generate go run github.com/golang/mock/mockgen -package settings -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package settings -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
 
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/extra_settings"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
@@ -17,6 +18,9 @@ type Manager interface {
 	GetSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, userID string) (*types.Settings, error)
 	GetExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.ExtraSettings, error)
 	UpdateExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (bool, error)
+	// GetEffectiveNetworkRanges returns the actual allocated network ranges (v4 and v6).
+	// This includes auto-allocated ranges even when no custom override was set.
+	GetEffectiveNetworkRanges(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (v4, v6 netip.Prefix, err error)
 }
 
 // IdpConfig holds IdP-related configuration that is set at runtime
@@ -98,3 +102,28 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*
 func (m *managerImpl) UpdateExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string, extraSettings *types.ExtraSettings) (bool, error) {
 	return m.extraSettingsManager.UpdateExtraSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, extraSettings)
 }
+
+// GetEffectiveNetworkRanges returns the actual allocated network ranges from the account's network object.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetEffectiveNetworkRanges(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (netip.Prefix, netip.Prefix, error) {
+	network, err := m.store.GetAccountNetwork(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("get account network: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var v4, v6 netip.Prefix
+	if network.Net.IP != nil {
+		addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(network.Net.IP)
+		if ok {
+			ones, _ := network.Net.Mask.Size()
+			v4 = netip.PrefixFrom(addr.Unmap(), ones)
+		}
+	}
+	if network.NetV6.IP != nil {
+		addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(network.NetV6.IP)
+		if ok {
+			ones, _ := network.NetV6.Mask.Size()
+			v6 = netip.PrefixFrom(addr.Unmap(), ones)
+		}
+	}
+	return v4, v6, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/settings/manager_mock.go b/management/server/settings/manager_mock.go
index dc2f2ebfe..59b321875 100644
--- a/management/server/settings/manager_mock.go
+++ b/management/server/settings/manager_mock.go
@@ -1,22 +1,29 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: ./manager.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package settings -destination=manager_mock.go -source=./manager.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//
 
 // Package settings is a generated GoMock package.
 package settings
 
 import (
 	context "context"
+	netip "net/netip"
 	reflect "reflect"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	extra_settings "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/extra_settings"
 	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 // MockManager is a mock of Manager interface.
 type MockManager struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockManagerMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
 // MockManagerMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockManager.
@@ -36,6 +43,22 @@ func (m *MockManager) EXPECT() *MockManagerMockRecorder {
 	return m.recorder
 }
 
+// GetEffectiveNetworkRanges mocks base method.
+func (m *MockManager) GetEffectiveNetworkRanges(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (netip.Prefix, netip.Prefix, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetEffectiveNetworkRanges", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(netip.Prefix)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(netip.Prefix)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2
+}
+
+// GetEffectiveNetworkRanges indicates an expected call of GetEffectiveNetworkRanges.
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetEffectiveNetworkRanges(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetEffectiveNetworkRanges", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetEffectiveNetworkRanges), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
 // GetExtraSettings mocks base method.
 func (m *MockManager) GetExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.ExtraSettings, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -46,7 +69,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*
 }
 
 // GetExtraSettings indicates an expected call of GetExtraSettings.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetExtraSettings(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetExtraSettings(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetExtraSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetExtraSettings), ctx, accountID)
 }
@@ -75,7 +98,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) GetSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string)
 }
 
 // GetSettings indicates an expected call of GetSettings.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetSettings(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) GetSettings(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).GetSettings), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -90,7 +113,7 @@ func (m *MockManager) UpdateExtraSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID
 }
 
 // UpdateExtraSettings indicates an expected call of UpdateExtraSettings.
-func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateExtraSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, extraSettings interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockManagerMockRecorder) UpdateExtraSettings(ctx, accountID, userID, extraSettings any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateExtraSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockManager)(nil).UpdateExtraSettings), ctx, accountID, userID, extraSettings)
 }
diff --git a/management/server/setupkey_test.go b/management/server/setupkey_test.go
index 6eca27efd..2d43ea28b 100644
--- a/management/server/setupkey_test.go
+++ b/management/server/setupkey_test.go
@@ -426,6 +426,10 @@ func TestSetupKeyAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		updateManager.CloseChannel(context.Background(), peer1.ID)
 	})
 
+	// The setup policy above dispatches affected-peer updates asynchronously; drain
+	// any in-flight ones so the assertions only observe the setup-key operations.
+	settleAffectedUpdates(updMsg)
+
 	var setupKey *types.SetupKey
 
 	// Creating setup key should not update account peers and not send peer update
diff --git a/management/server/store/file_store.go b/management/server/store/file_store.go
index 81185b020..a776a8b42 100644
--- a/management/server/store/file_store.go
+++ b/management/server/store/file_store.go
@@ -274,3 +274,15 @@ func (s *FileStore) SetFieldEncrypt(_ *crypt.FieldEncrypt) {
 func (s *FileStore) GetCustomDomainsCounts(_ context.Context) (int64, int64, error) {
 	return 0, 0, nil
 }
+
+// GetProxyMetrics is a no-op for FileStore — proxy/cluster state isn't
+// persisted in the JSON file format.
+func (s *FileStore) GetProxyMetrics(_ context.Context) (ProxyMetrics, error) {
+	return ProxyMetrics{}, nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkMetrics is a no-op for FileStore — agent-network state isn't
+// persisted in the JSON file format.
+func (s *FileStore) GetAgentNetworkMetrics(_ context.Context) (AgentNetworkMetrics, error) {
+	return AgentNetworkMetrics{}, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store.go b/management/server/store/sql_store.go
index ee180c8ac..0e76d9e83 100644
--- a/management/server/store/sql_store.go
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store.go
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain"
 
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
@@ -135,6 +139,10 @@ func NewSqlStore(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, storeEngine types.Engine, met
 		&networkTypes.Network{}, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{}, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{}, &types.AccountOnboarding{},
 		&types.Job{}, &zones.Zone{}, &records.Record{}, &types.UserInviteRecord{}, &rpservice.Service{}, &rpservice.Target{}, &domain.Domain{},
 		&accesslogs.AccessLogEntry{}, &proxy.Proxy{},
+		&agentNetworkTypes.Provider{}, &agentNetworkTypes.Policy{}, &agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail{}, &agentNetworkTypes.Settings{},
+		&agentNetworkTypes.Consumption{}, &agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule{},
+		&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog{}, &agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup{},
+		&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{}, &agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsageGroup{},
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("auto migratePreAuto: %w", err)
@@ -235,7 +243,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetPeerJobs(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) ([
 		Where(accountAndPeerIDQueryCondition, accountID, peerID).
 		Order("created_at DESC").
 		Find(&jobs).Error
-
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to fetch jobs from store: %s", err)
 		return nil, err
@@ -264,7 +271,8 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AcquireGlobalLock(ctx context.Context) (unlock func()) {
 	return unlock
 }
 
-// Deprecated: Full account operations are no longer supported
+// Deprecated: Full
+// account operations are no longer supported
 func (s *SqlStore) SaveAccount(ctx context.Context, account *types.Account) error {
 	start := time.Now()
 	defer func() {
@@ -462,7 +470,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SavePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.
 
 		return nil
 	})
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -498,8 +505,9 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SavePeerStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string,
 	peerCopy.Status = &peerStatus
 
 	fieldsToUpdate := []string{
-		"peer_status_last_seen", "peer_status_connected",
-		"peer_status_login_expired", "peer_status_required_approval",
+		"peer_status_last_seen", "peer_status_session_started_at",
+		"peer_status_connected", "peer_status_login_expired",
+		"peer_status_requires_approval",
 	}
 	result := s.db.Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
 		Select(fieldsToUpdate).
@@ -516,26 +524,67 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SavePeerStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string,
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *SqlStore) SavePeerLocation(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerWithLocation *nbpeer.Peer) error {
-	// To maintain data integrity, we create a copy of the peer's location to prevent unintended updates to other fields.
-	var peerCopy nbpeer.Peer
-	// Since the location field has been migrated to JSON serialization,
-	// updating the struct ensures the correct data format is inserted into the database.
-	peerCopy.Location = peerWithLocation.Location
-
-	result := s.db.Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
-		Where(accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, peerWithLocation.ID).
-		Updates(peerCopy)
-
+// MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession is an atomic optimistic-locked update.
+// The peer is marked connected with the given session token only when
+// the stored SessionStartedAt is strictly smaller than the incoming
+// one — equivalently, when no newer stream has already taken ownership.
+// The sentinel zero (set on peer creation or after a disconnect) counts
+// as the smallest possible token. This is the write half of the
+// fencing protocol described on PeerStatus.SessionStartedAt.
+//
+// The post-write side effects in the caller — geo lookup,
+// schedulePeerLoginExpiration, checkAndSchedulePeerInactivityExpiration,
+// OnPeersUpdated — all run AFTER this method returns and are deliberately
+// outside the database write so they cannot extend the row-lock window.
+//
+// LastSeen is set to the database's clock (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) at the
+// moment the row is written. The caller never supplies LastSeen because
+// the value would otherwise drift under lock contention — a Go-side
+// time.Now() taken before the write can land minutes later than the
+// actual UPDATE under load, which previously caused real ordering bugs.
+func (s *SqlStore) MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, newSessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error) {
+	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
+		Where(accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, peerID).
+		Where("peer_status_session_started_at < ?", newSessionStartedAt).
+		Updates(map[string]any{
+			"peer_status_connected":          true,
+			"peer_status_last_seen":          gorm.Expr("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"),
+			"peer_status_session_started_at": newSessionStartedAt,
+			"peer_status_login_expired":      false,
+		})
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save peer locations to store: %v", result.Error)
+		return false, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "mark peer connected: %v", result.Error)
 	}
+	return result.RowsAffected > 0, nil
+}
 
-	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
-		return status.Errorf(status.NotFound, peerNotFoundFMT, peerWithLocation.ID)
+// MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession is an atomic optimistic-locked update.
+// The peer is marked disconnected only when the stored SessionStartedAt
+// matches the incoming token — meaning the stream that owns the current
+// session is the one ending. If a newer stream has already replaced the
+// session, the update is skipped. LastSeen is set to CURRENT_TIMESTAMP at
+// write time; see MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession for the rationale.
+//
+// A zero sessionStartedAt is rejected at the call site; the underlying
+// WHERE on equality would otherwise match every never-connected peer.
+func (s *SqlStore) MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, sessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error) {
+	if sessionStartedAt == 0 {
+		return false, nil
 	}
-
-	return nil
+	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
+		Where(accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, peerID).
+		Where("peer_status_session_started_at = ?", sessionStartedAt).
+		Updates(map[string]any{
+			"peer_status_connected":          false,
+			"peer_status_last_seen":          gorm.Expr("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"),
+			"peer_status_session_started_at": int64(0),
+		})
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return false, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "mark peer disconnected: %v", result.Error)
+	}
+	return result.RowsAffected > 0, nil
 }
 
 // ApproveAccountPeers marks all peers that currently require approval in the given account as approved.
@@ -550,6 +599,34 @@ func (s *SqlStore) ApproveAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (i
 	return int(result.RowsAffected), nil
 }
 
+// RefreshPeerLastSeen updates only peer_status_last_seen. Every other status
+// column is left untouched: peer_status_connected and
+// peer_status_session_started_at belong to the sync stream that owns the
+// session, and a blind write here would corrupt the fencing
+// MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession relies on.
+//
+// LastSeen comes from the database clock for the same reason it does there: a
+// Go-side timestamp is taken before the write and can land after a connect that
+// used CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, dragging the column backwards.
+//
+// staleBefore carries the caller's throttle into the same statement, so
+// concurrent requests for one peer collapse into a single write instead of
+// each racing on its own stale read. The column is nullable — Status is an
+// embedded pointer, so a peer stored without one leaves it NULL — and NULL
+// loses every comparison, hence the explicit branch for a peer never seen.
+func (s *SqlStore) RefreshPeerLastSeen(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, staleBefore time.Time) (bool, error) {
+	result := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
+		Where(accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, peerID).
+		Where("(peer_status_last_seen IS NULL OR peer_status_last_seen < ?)", staleBefore).
+		Update("peer_status_last_seen", gorm.Expr("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"))
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return false, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "refresh peer last seen: %v", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	return result.RowsAffected > 0, nil
+}
+
 // SaveUsers saves the given list of users to the database.
 func (s *SqlStore) SaveUsers(ctx context.Context, users []*types.User) error {
 	if len(users) == 0 {
@@ -594,6 +671,22 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SaveUser(ctx context.Context, user *types.User) error {
 }
 
 // CreateGroups creates the given list of groups to the database.
+// groupUpsertColumns is the explicit allowlist of columns that get updated when
+// CreateGroups / UpdateGroups hit a PK conflict. public_id is intentionally
+// omitted so a caller passing an entity with the zero value (e.g. an HTTP
+// handler-built struct) cannot reset the persisted public_id during an upsert.
+// Keep this in sync with the Group schema in management/server/types/group.go.
+func groupUpsertColumns() clause.Set {
+	return clause.AssignmentColumns([]string{
+		"account_id",
+		"name",
+		"issued",
+		"integration_ref_id",
+		"integration_ref_integration_type",
+		"resources",
+	})
+}
+
 func (s *SqlStore) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []*types.Group) error {
 	if len(groups) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -603,8 +696,9 @@ func (s *SqlStore) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []
 		result := tx.
 			Clauses(
 				clause.OnConflict{
+					Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "id"}},
 					Where:     clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{Column: "groups.account_id", Value: accountID}}},
-					UpdateAll: true,
+					DoUpdates: groupUpsertColumns(),
 				},
 			).
 			Omit(clause.Associations).
@@ -628,8 +722,9 @@ func (s *SqlStore) UpdateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []
 		result := tx.
 			Clauses(
 				clause.OnConflict{
+					Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "id"}},
 					Where:     clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{Column: "groups.account_id", Value: accountID}}},
-					UpdateAll: true,
+					DoUpdates: groupUpsertColumns(),
 				},
 			).
 			Omit(clause.Associations).
@@ -1026,6 +1121,38 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx context.Context) (int64, int64, er
 	return total, validated, nil
 }
 
+// GetProxyMetrics aggregates per-cluster + per-proxy counts for the
+// self-hosted telemetry payload. Single round-trip via conditional
+// aggregations so a large proxies table doesn't fan out into multiple
+// queries.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetProxyMetrics(ctx context.Context) (ProxyMetrics, error) {
+	var m ProxyMetrics
+	activeCutoff := time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)
+
+	// COUNT(DISTINCT ... CASE WHEN ...) is portable across sqlite/postgres
+	// (MySQL too) and keeps the round-trip to one. proxy.StatusConnected
+	// is the same string the cluster-capability queries use; the active
+	// window matches the cluster-capability semantics (only proxies
+	// heartbeating within ~2 * heartbeat interval count as connected).
+	row := s.db.WithContext(ctx).
+		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
+		Select(
+			"COUNT(DISTINCT cluster_address) AS clusters, "+
+				"COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN account_id IS NOT NULL THEN cluster_address END) AS clusters_byop, "+
+				"COUNT(DISTINCT CASE WHEN private = ? THEN cluster_address END) AS clusters_private, "+
+				"COUNT(*) AS proxies, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN status = ? AND last_seen > ? THEN 1 END) AS proxies_connected",
+			true,
+			proxy.StatusConnected,
+			activeCutoff,
+		).
+		Row()
+	if err := row.Scan(&m.Clusters, &m.ClustersBYOP, &m.ClustersPrivate, &m.Proxies, &m.ProxiesConnected); err != nil {
+		return ProxyMetrics{}, fmt.Errorf("scan proxy metrics: %w", err)
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAllAccounts(ctx context.Context) (all []*types.Account) {
 	var accounts []types.Account
 	result := s.db.Find(&accounts)
@@ -1120,6 +1247,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccountGorm(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types
 		Preload("NetworkResources").
 		Preload("Onboarding").
 		Preload("Services.Targets").
+		Preload("Domains").
 		Take(&account, idQueryCondition, accountID)
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error when getting account %s from the store: %s", accountID, result.Error)
@@ -1196,7 +1324,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccountGorm(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types
 		account.NameServerGroups[ns.ID] = &ns
 	}
 	account.NameServerGroupsG = nil
-	account.InitOnce()
 	return &account, nil
 }
 
@@ -1207,7 +1334,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccountPgx(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.
 	}
 
 	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	errChan := make(chan error, 12)
+	errChan := make(chan error, 16)
 
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
@@ -1308,6 +1435,17 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccountPgx(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.
 		account.Services = services
 	}()
 
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		domains, err := s.ListCustomDomains(ctx, accountID)
+		if err != nil {
+			errChan <- err
+			return
+		}
+		account.Domains = domains
+	}()
+
 	wg.Add(1)
 	go func() {
 		defer wg.Done()
@@ -1504,7 +1642,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Acc
 		SELECT
 			id, created_by, created_at, domain, domain_category, is_domain_primary_account,
 			-- Embedded Network
-			network_identifier, network_net, network_dns, network_serial,
+			network_identifier, network_net, network_net_v6, network_dns, network_serial,
 			-- Embedded DNSSettings
 			dns_settings_disabled_management_groups,
 			-- Embedded Settings
@@ -1513,7 +1651,10 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Acc
 			settings_regular_users_view_blocked, settings_groups_propagation_enabled,
 			settings_jwt_groups_enabled, settings_jwt_groups_claim_name, settings_jwt_allow_groups,
 			settings_routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled, settings_dns_domain, settings_network_range,
-			settings_lazy_connection_enabled,
+			settings_network_range_v6, settings_ipv6_enabled_groups, settings_lazy_connection_enabled,
+			settings_local_mfa_enabled, settings_metrics_push_enabled, settings_agent_network_only,
+			settings_dashboard_features, settings_auto_update_version, settings_auto_update_always,
+			settings_peer_expose_enabled, settings_peer_expose_groups,
 			-- Embedded ExtraSettings
 			settings_extra_peer_approval_enabled, settings_extra_user_approval_required,
 			settings_extra_integrated_validator, settings_extra_integrated_validator_groups
@@ -1532,12 +1673,23 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Acc
 		sRoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled sql.NullBool
 		sDNSDomain                       sql.NullString
 		sNetworkRange                    sql.NullString
+		sNetworkRangeV6                  sql.NullString
+		sIPv6EnabledGroups               sql.NullString
 		sLazyConnectionEnabled           sql.NullBool
+		sLocalMFAEnabled                 sql.NullBool
+		sMetricsPushEnabled              sql.NullBool
+		sAgentNetworkOnly                sql.NullBool
+		sDashboardFeatures               sql.NullString
+		autoUpdateVersion                sql.NullString
+		autoUpdateAlways                 sql.NullBool
+		peerExposeEnabled                sql.NullBool
+		peerExposeGroups                 sql.NullString
 		sExtraPeerApprovalEnabled        sql.NullBool
 		sExtraUserApprovalRequired       sql.NullBool
 		sExtraIntegratedValidator        sql.NullString
 		sExtraIntegratedValidatorGroups  sql.NullString
 		networkNet                       sql.NullString
+		networkNetV6                     sql.NullString
 		dnsSettingsDisabledGroups        sql.NullString
 		networkIdentifier                sql.NullString
 		networkDns                       sql.NullString
@@ -1546,14 +1698,17 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Acc
 	)
 	err := s.pool.QueryRow(ctx, accountQuery, accountID).Scan(
 		&account.Id, &account.CreatedBy, &createdAt, &account.Domain, &account.DomainCategory, &account.IsDomainPrimaryAccount,
-		&networkIdentifier, &networkNet, &networkDns, &networkSerial,
+		&networkIdentifier, &networkNet, &networkNetV6, &networkDns, &networkSerial,
 		&dnsSettingsDisabledGroups,
 		&sPeerLoginExpirationEnabled, &sPeerLoginExpiration,
 		&sPeerInactivityExpirationEnabled, &sPeerInactivityExpiration,
 		&sRegularUsersViewBlocked, &sGroupsPropagationEnabled,
 		&sJWTGroupsEnabled, &sJWTGroupsClaimName, &sJWTAllowGroups,
 		&sRoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled, &sDNSDomain, &sNetworkRange,
-		&sLazyConnectionEnabled,
+		&sNetworkRangeV6, &sIPv6EnabledGroups, &sLazyConnectionEnabled,
+		&sLocalMFAEnabled, &sMetricsPushEnabled, &sAgentNetworkOnly,
+		&sDashboardFeatures, &autoUpdateVersion, &autoUpdateAlways,
+		&peerExposeEnabled, &peerExposeGroups,
 		&sExtraPeerApprovalEnabled, &sExtraUserApprovalRequired,
 		&sExtraIntegratedValidator, &sExtraIntegratedValidatorGroups,
 	)
@@ -1616,12 +1771,47 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Acc
 	if sLazyConnectionEnabled.Valid {
 		account.Settings.LazyConnectionEnabled = sLazyConnectionEnabled.Bool
 	}
+	if sLocalMFAEnabled.Valid {
+		account.Settings.LocalMfaEnabled = sLocalMFAEnabled.Bool
+	}
+	if sMetricsPushEnabled.Valid {
+		account.Settings.MetricsPushEnabled = sMetricsPushEnabled.Bool
+	}
+	if sAgentNetworkOnly.Valid {
+		account.Settings.AgentNetworkOnly = sAgentNetworkOnly.Bool
+	}
+	if sDashboardFeatures.Valid && sDashboardFeatures.String != "" {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(sDashboardFeatures.String), &account.Settings.DashboardFeatures); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("failed to unmarshal dashboard features for account %s: %v", accountID, err)
+		}
+	}
 	if sJWTAllowGroups.Valid {
 		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(sJWTAllowGroups.String), &account.Settings.JWTAllowGroups)
 	}
 	if sNetworkRange.Valid {
 		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(sNetworkRange.String), &account.Settings.NetworkRange)
 	}
+	if networkNetV6.Valid {
+		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(networkNetV6.String), &account.Network.NetV6)
+	}
+	if sNetworkRangeV6.Valid {
+		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(sNetworkRangeV6.String), &account.Settings.NetworkRangeV6)
+	}
+	if sIPv6EnabledGroups.Valid {
+		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(sIPv6EnabledGroups.String), &account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups)
+	}
+	if autoUpdateAlways.Valid {
+		account.Settings.AutoUpdateAlways = autoUpdateAlways.Bool
+	}
+	if autoUpdateVersion.Valid {
+		account.Settings.AutoUpdateVersion = autoUpdateVersion.String
+	}
+	if peerExposeEnabled.Valid {
+		account.Settings.PeerExposeEnabled = peerExposeEnabled.Bool
+	}
+	if peerExposeGroups.Valid {
+		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(peerExposeGroups.String), &account.Settings.PeerExposeGroups)
+	}
 
 	if sExtraPeerApprovalEnabled.Valid {
 		account.Settings.Extra.PeerApprovalEnabled = sExtraPeerApprovalEnabled.Bool
@@ -1635,7 +1825,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types.Acc
 	if sExtraIntegratedValidatorGroups.Valid {
 		_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(sExtraIntegratedValidatorGroups.String), &account.Settings.Extra.IntegratedValidatorGroups)
 	}
-	account.InitOnce()
 	return &account, nil
 }
 
@@ -1704,12 +1893,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getSetupKeys(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]types.
 
 func (s *SqlStore) getPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]nbpeer.Peer, error) {
 	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, key, ip, name, dns_label, user_id, ssh_key, ssh_enabled, login_expiration_enabled,
-	inactivity_expiration_enabled, last_login, created_at, ephemeral, extra_dns_labels, allow_extra_dns_labels, meta_hostname, 
-	meta_go_os, meta_kernel, meta_core, meta_platform, meta_os, meta_os_version, meta_wt_version, meta_ui_version, 
+	inactivity_expiration_enabled, last_login, created_at, ephemeral, extra_dns_labels, allow_extra_dns_labels, meta_hostname,
+	meta_go_os, meta_kernel, meta_core, meta_platform, meta_os, meta_os_version, meta_wt_version, meta_ui_version,
 	meta_kernel_version, meta_network_addresses, meta_system_serial_number, meta_system_product_name, meta_system_manufacturer,
-	meta_environment, meta_flags, meta_files, peer_status_last_seen, peer_status_connected, peer_status_login_expired, 
-	peer_status_requires_approval, location_connection_ip, location_country_code, location_city_name, 
-	location_geo_name_id, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster FROM peers WHERE account_id = $1`
+	meta_environment, meta_flags, meta_files, meta_capabilities, peer_status_last_seen, peer_status_session_started_at,
+	peer_status_connected, peer_status_login_expired, peer_status_requires_approval, location_connection_ip,
+	location_country_code, location_city_name, location_geo_name_id, proxy_meta_embedded, proxy_meta_cluster, ipv6, meta_sync_message_version
+	FROM peers WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1722,22 +1912,25 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]nbpeer.Pee
 			lastLogin, createdAt                                                                            sql.NullTime
 			sshEnabled, loginExpirationEnabled, inactivityExpirationEnabled, ephemeral, allowExtraDNSLabels sql.NullBool
 			peerStatusLastSeen                                                                              sql.NullTime
+			peerStatusSessionStartedAt                                                                      sql.NullInt64
 			peerStatusConnected, peerStatusLoginExpired, peerStatusRequiresApproval, proxyEmbedded          sql.NullBool
-			ip, extraDNS, netAddr, env, flags, files, connIP                                                []byte
+			ip, extraDNS, netAddr, env, flags, files, capabilities, connIP, ipv6                            []byte
 			metaHostname, metaGoOS, metaKernel, metaCore, metaPlatform                                      sql.NullString
 			metaOS, metaOSVersion, metaWtVersion, metaUIVersion, metaKernelVersion                          sql.NullString
 			metaSystemSerialNumber, metaSystemProductName, metaSystemManufacturer                           sql.NullString
 			locationCountryCode, locationCityName, proxyCluster                                             sql.NullString
 			locationGeoNameID                                                                               sql.NullInt64
+			metaSyncMessageVersion                                                                          sql.NullInt32
 		)
 
 		err := row.Scan(&p.ID, &p.AccountID, &p.Key, &ip, &p.Name, &p.DNSLabel, &p.UserID, &p.SSHKey, &sshEnabled,
 			&loginExpirationEnabled, &inactivityExpirationEnabled, &lastLogin, &createdAt, &ephemeral, &extraDNS,
 			&allowExtraDNSLabels, &metaHostname, &metaGoOS, &metaKernel, &metaCore, &metaPlatform,
 			&metaOS, &metaOSVersion, &metaWtVersion, &metaUIVersion, &metaKernelVersion, &netAddr,
-			&metaSystemSerialNumber, &metaSystemProductName, &metaSystemManufacturer, &env, &flags, &files,
-			&peerStatusLastSeen, &peerStatusConnected, &peerStatusLoginExpired, &peerStatusRequiresApproval, &connIP,
-			&locationCountryCode, &locationCityName, &locationGeoNameID, &proxyEmbedded, &proxyCluster)
+			&metaSystemSerialNumber, &metaSystemProductName, &metaSystemManufacturer, &env, &flags, &files, &capabilities,
+			&peerStatusLastSeen, &peerStatusSessionStartedAt, &peerStatusConnected, &peerStatusLoginExpired,
+			&peerStatusRequiresApproval, &connIP, &locationCountryCode, &locationCityName, &locationGeoNameID,
+			&proxyEmbedded, &proxyCluster, &ipv6, &metaSyncMessageVersion)
 
 		if err == nil {
 			if lastLogin.Valid {
@@ -1764,6 +1957,9 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]nbpeer.Pee
 			if peerStatusLastSeen.Valid {
 				p.Status.LastSeen = peerStatusLastSeen.Time
 			}
+			if peerStatusSessionStartedAt.Valid {
+				p.Status.SessionStartedAt = peerStatusSessionStartedAt.Int64
+			}
 			if peerStatusConnected.Valid {
 				p.Status.Connected = peerStatusConnected.Bool
 			}
@@ -1830,6 +2026,9 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]nbpeer.Pee
 			if ip != nil {
 				_ = json.Unmarshal(ip, &p.IP)
 			}
+			if ipv6 != nil {
+				_ = json.Unmarshal(ipv6, &p.IPv6)
+			}
 			if extraDNS != nil {
 				_ = json.Unmarshal(extraDNS, &p.ExtraDNSLabels)
 			}
@@ -1845,9 +2044,15 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]nbpeer.Pee
 			if files != nil {
 				_ = json.Unmarshal(files, &p.Meta.Files)
 			}
+			if capabilities != nil {
+				_ = json.Unmarshal(capabilities, &p.Meta.Capabilities)
+			}
 			if connIP != nil {
 				_ = json.Unmarshal(connIP, &p.Location.ConnectionIP)
 			}
+			if metaSyncMessageVersion.Valid {
+				p.Meta.SyncMessageVersion = int(metaSyncMessageVersion.Int32)
+			}
 		}
 		return p, err
 	})
@@ -1903,7 +2108,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]types.User
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) getGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*types.Group, error) {
-	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, name, issued, resources, integration_ref_id, integration_ref_integration_type FROM groups WHERE account_id = $1`
+	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, public_id, name, issued, resources, integration_ref_id, integration_ref_integration_type FROM groups WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1913,7 +2118,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*types.Gr
 		var resources []byte
 		var refID sql.NullInt64
 		var refType sql.NullString
-		err := row.Scan(&g.ID, &g.AccountID, &g.Name, &g.Issued, &resources, &refID, &refType)
+		err := row.Scan(&g.ID, &g.AccountID, &g.PublicID, &g.Name, &g.Issued, &resources, &refID, &refType)
 		if err == nil {
 			if refID.Valid {
 				g.IntegrationReference.ID = int(refID.Int64)
@@ -1938,7 +2143,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*types.Gr
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) getPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*types.Policy, error) {
-	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, name, description, enabled, source_posture_checks FROM policies WHERE account_id = $1`
+	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, public_id, name, description, enabled, source_posture_checks FROM policies WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1947,7 +2152,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*types.
 		var p types.Policy
 		var checks []byte
 		var enabled sql.NullBool
-		err := row.Scan(&p.ID, &p.AccountID, &p.Name, &p.Description, &enabled, &checks)
+		err := row.Scan(&p.ID, &p.AccountID, &p.PublicID, &p.Name, &p.Description, &enabled, &checks)
 		if err == nil {
 			if enabled.Valid {
 				p.Enabled = enabled.Bool
@@ -1965,7 +2170,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getPolicies(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*types.
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) getRoutes(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]route.Route, error) {
-	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, network, domains, keep_route, net_id, description, peer, peer_groups, network_type, masquerade, metric, enabled, groups, access_control_groups, skip_auto_apply FROM routes WHERE account_id = $1`
+	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, public_id, network, domains, keep_route, net_id, description, peer, peer_groups, network_type, masquerade, metric, enabled, groups, access_control_groups, skip_auto_apply FROM routes WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -1975,7 +2180,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getRoutes(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]route.Rou
 		var network, domains, peerGroups, groups, accessGroups []byte
 		var keepRoute, masquerade, enabled, skipAutoApply sql.NullBool
 		var metric sql.NullInt64
-		err := row.Scan(&r.ID, &r.AccountID, &network, &domains, &keepRoute, &r.NetID, &r.Description, &r.Peer, &peerGroups, &r.NetworkType, &masquerade, &metric, &enabled, &groups, &accessGroups, &skipAutoApply)
+		err := row.Scan(&r.ID, &r.AccountID, &r.PublicID, &network, &domains, &keepRoute, &r.NetID, &r.Description, &r.Peer, &peerGroups, &r.NetworkType, &masquerade, &metric, &enabled, &groups, &accessGroups, &skipAutoApply)
 		if err == nil {
 			if keepRoute.Valid {
 				r.KeepRoute = keepRoute.Bool
@@ -2017,7 +2222,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getRoutes(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]route.Rou
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) getNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]nbdns.NameServerGroup, error) {
-	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, name, description, name_servers, groups, "primary", domains, enabled, search_domains_enabled FROM name_server_groups WHERE account_id = $1`
+	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, public_id, name, description, name_servers, groups, "primary", domains, enabled, search_domains_enabled FROM name_server_groups WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -2026,7 +2231,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([
 		var n nbdns.NameServerGroup
 		var ns, groups, domains []byte
 		var primary, enabled, searchDomainsEnabled sql.NullBool
-		err := row.Scan(&n.ID, &n.AccountID, &n.Name, &n.Description, &ns, &groups, &primary, &domains, &enabled, &searchDomainsEnabled)
+		err := row.Scan(&n.ID, &n.AccountID, &n.PublicID, &n.Name, &n.Description, &ns, &groups, &primary, &domains, &enabled, &searchDomainsEnabled)
 		if err == nil {
 			if primary.Valid {
 				n.Primary = primary.Bool
@@ -2062,7 +2267,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) getPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*posture.Checks, error) {
-	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, name, description, checks FROM posture_checks WHERE account_id = $1`
+	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, public_id, name, description, checks FROM posture_checks WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -2070,7 +2275,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*p
 	checks, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, func(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*posture.Checks, error) {
 		var c posture.Checks
 		var checksDef []byte
-		err := row.Scan(&c.ID, &c.AccountID, &c.Name, &c.Description, &checksDef)
+		err := row.Scan(&c.ID, &c.AccountID, &c.PublicID, &c.Name, &c.Description, &checksDef)
 		if err == nil && checksDef != nil {
 			_ = json.Unmarshal(checksDef, &c.Checks)
 		}
@@ -2082,103 +2287,30 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*p
 	return checks, nil
 }
 
-func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
-	const serviceQuery = `SELECT id, account_id, name, domain, enabled, auth,
-		meta_created_at, meta_certificate_issued_at, meta_status, proxy_cluster,
-		pass_host_header, rewrite_redirects, session_private_key, session_public_key,
-		mode, listen_port, port_auto_assigned, source, source_peer, terminated
-		FROM services WHERE account_id = $1`
+// serviceSelectColumns and targetSelectColumns are the column lists the Postgres
+// pgx read path scans. They must stay in sync with the rpservice.Service and
+// rpservice.Target gorm models; TestPgxServiceColumnsMatchGorm enforces this.
+const serviceSelectColumns = `id, account_id, name, domain, enabled, auth, restrictions,
+	meta_created_at, meta_certificate_issued_at, meta_last_renewed_at, meta_status, proxy_cluster,
+	pass_host_header, rewrite_redirects, session_private_key, session_public_key,
+	mode, listen_port, port_auto_assigned, source, source_peer, terminated,
+	private, access_groups`
 
-	const targetsQuery = `SELECT id, account_id, service_id, path, host, port, protocol,
-		target_id, target_type, enabled
-		FROM targets WHERE service_id = ANY($1)`
+const targetSelectColumns = `id, account_id, service_id, path, host, port, protocol,
+	target_id, target_type, enabled, proxy_protocol,
+	skip_tls_verify, request_timeout, session_idle_timeout, path_rewrite, custom_headers,
+	direct_upstream, middlewares, capture_max_request_bytes, capture_max_response_bytes,
+	capture_content_types, agent_network, disable_access_log`
+
+func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	const serviceQuery = `SELECT ` + serviceSelectColumns + ` FROM services WHERE account_id = $1`
 
 	serviceRows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, serviceQuery, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	services, err := pgx.CollectRows(serviceRows, func(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*rpservice.Service, error) {
-		var s rpservice.Service
-		var auth []byte
-		var createdAt, certIssuedAt sql.NullTime
-		var status, proxyCluster, sessionPrivateKey, sessionPublicKey sql.NullString
-		var mode, source, sourcePeer sql.NullString
-		var terminated, portAutoAssigned sql.NullBool
-		var listenPort sql.NullInt64
-		err := row.Scan(
-			&s.ID,
-			&s.AccountID,
-			&s.Name,
-			&s.Domain,
-			&s.Enabled,
-			&auth,
-			&createdAt,
-			&certIssuedAt,
-			&status,
-			&proxyCluster,
-			&s.PassHostHeader,
-			&s.RewriteRedirects,
-			&sessionPrivateKey,
-			&sessionPublicKey,
-			&mode,
-			&listenPort,
-			&portAutoAssigned,
-			&source,
-			&sourcePeer,
-			&terminated,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		if auth != nil {
-			if err := json.Unmarshal(auth, &s.Auth); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		}
-
-		s.Meta = rpservice.Meta{}
-		if createdAt.Valid {
-			s.Meta.CreatedAt = createdAt.Time
-		}
-		if certIssuedAt.Valid {
-			t := certIssuedAt.Time
-			s.Meta.CertificateIssuedAt = &t
-		}
-		if status.Valid {
-			s.Meta.Status = status.String
-		}
-		if proxyCluster.Valid {
-			s.ProxyCluster = proxyCluster.String
-		}
-		if sessionPrivateKey.Valid {
-			s.SessionPrivateKey = sessionPrivateKey.String
-		}
-		if sessionPublicKey.Valid {
-			s.SessionPublicKey = sessionPublicKey.String
-		}
-		if mode.Valid {
-			s.Mode = mode.String
-		}
-		if source.Valid {
-			s.Source = source.String
-		}
-		if sourcePeer.Valid {
-			s.SourcePeer = sourcePeer.String
-		}
-		if terminated.Valid {
-			s.Terminated = terminated.Bool
-		}
-		if portAutoAssigned.Valid {
-			s.PortAutoAssigned = portAutoAssigned.Bool
-		}
-		if listenPort.Valid {
-			s.ListenPort = uint16(listenPort.Int64)
-		}
-		s.Targets = []*rpservice.Target{}
-		return &s, nil
-	})
+	services, err := pgx.CollectRows(serviceRows, scanService)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -2189,39 +2321,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpserv
 
 	serviceIDs := make([]string, len(services))
 	serviceMap := make(map[string]*rpservice.Service)
-	for i, s := range services {
-		serviceIDs[i] = s.ID
-		serviceMap[s.ID] = s
+	for i, svc := range services {
+		serviceIDs[i] = svc.ID
+		serviceMap[svc.ID] = svc
 	}
 
-	targetRows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, targetsQuery, serviceIDs)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	targets, err := pgx.CollectRows(targetRows, func(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*rpservice.Target, error) {
-		var t rpservice.Target
-		var path sql.NullString
-		err := row.Scan(
-			&t.ID,
-			&t.AccountID,
-			&t.ServiceID,
-			&path,
-			&t.Host,
-			&t.Port,
-			&t.Protocol,
-			&t.TargetId,
-			&t.TargetType,
-			&t.Enabled,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if path.Valid {
-			t.Path = &path.String
-		}
-		return &t, nil
-	})
+	targets, err := s.getServiceTargets(ctx, serviceIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -2235,8 +2340,203 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getServices(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*rpserv
 	return services, nil
 }
 
+func scanService(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*rpservice.Service, error) {
+	var s rpservice.Service
+	var auth []byte
+	var restrictions []byte
+	var accessGroups []byte
+	var createdAt, certIssuedAt, lastRenewedAt sql.NullTime
+	var status, proxyCluster, sessionPrivateKey, sessionPublicKey sql.NullString
+	var mode, source, sourcePeer sql.NullString
+	var terminated, portAutoAssigned, private sql.NullBool
+	var listenPort sql.NullInt64
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&s.ID,
+		&s.AccountID,
+		&s.Name,
+		&s.Domain,
+		&s.Enabled,
+		&auth,
+		&restrictions,
+		&createdAt,
+		&certIssuedAt,
+		&lastRenewedAt,
+		&status,
+		&proxyCluster,
+		&s.PassHostHeader,
+		&s.RewriteRedirects,
+		&sessionPrivateKey,
+		&sessionPublicKey,
+		&mode,
+		&listenPort,
+		&portAutoAssigned,
+		&source,
+		&sourcePeer,
+		&terminated,
+		&private,
+		&accessGroups,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if auth != nil {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(auth, &s.Auth); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(restrictions) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(restrictions, &s.Restrictions); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal restrictions: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(accessGroups) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(accessGroups, &s.AccessGroups); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal access_groups: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if private.Valid {
+		s.Private = private.Bool
+	}
+
+	s.Meta = serviceMetaFromRow(createdAt, certIssuedAt, lastRenewedAt, status)
+	if proxyCluster.Valid {
+		s.ProxyCluster = proxyCluster.String
+	}
+	if sessionPrivateKey.Valid {
+		s.SessionPrivateKey = sessionPrivateKey.String
+	}
+	if sessionPublicKey.Valid {
+		s.SessionPublicKey = sessionPublicKey.String
+	}
+	if mode.Valid {
+		s.Mode = mode.String
+	}
+	if source.Valid {
+		s.Source = source.String
+	}
+	if sourcePeer.Valid {
+		s.SourcePeer = sourcePeer.String
+	}
+	if terminated.Valid {
+		s.Terminated = terminated.Bool
+	}
+	if portAutoAssigned.Valid {
+		s.PortAutoAssigned = portAutoAssigned.Bool
+	}
+	if listenPort.Valid {
+		if listenPort.Int64 < 0 || listenPort.Int64 > math.MaxUint16 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen_port %d out of range", listenPort.Int64)
+		}
+		s.ListenPort = uint16(listenPort.Int64)
+	}
+	s.Targets = []*rpservice.Target{}
+	return &s, nil
+}
+
+func serviceMetaFromRow(createdAt, certIssuedAt, lastRenewedAt sql.NullTime, status sql.NullString) rpservice.Meta {
+	meta := rpservice.Meta{}
+	if createdAt.Valid {
+		meta.CreatedAt = createdAt.Time
+	}
+	if certIssuedAt.Valid {
+		t := certIssuedAt.Time
+		meta.CertificateIssuedAt = &t
+	}
+	if lastRenewedAt.Valid {
+		t := lastRenewedAt.Time
+		meta.LastRenewedAt = &t
+	}
+	if status.Valid {
+		meta.Status = status.String
+	}
+	return meta
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) getServiceTargets(ctx context.Context, serviceIDs []string) ([]*rpservice.Target, error) {
+	const targetsQuery = `SELECT ` + targetSelectColumns + ` FROM targets WHERE service_id = ANY($1)`
+
+	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, targetsQuery, serviceIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return pgx.CollectRows(rows, scanTarget)
+}
+
+func scanTarget(row pgx.CollectableRow) (*rpservice.Target, error) {
+	var t rpservice.Target
+	var path sql.NullString
+	var pathRewrite sql.NullString
+	var proxyProtocol, skipTLSVerify, directUpstream, agentNetwork, disableAccessLog sql.NullBool
+	var requestTimeout, sessionIdleTimeout, captureMaxRequestBytes, captureMaxResponseBytes sql.NullInt64
+	var customHeaders, middlewares, captureContentTypes []byte
+	err := row.Scan(
+		&t.ID,
+		&t.AccountID,
+		&t.ServiceID,
+		&path,
+		&t.Host,
+		&t.Port,
+		&t.Protocol,
+		&t.TargetId,
+		&t.TargetType,
+		&t.Enabled,
+		&proxyProtocol,
+		&skipTLSVerify,
+		&requestTimeout,
+		&sessionIdleTimeout,
+		&pathRewrite,
+		&customHeaders,
+		&directUpstream,
+		&middlewares,
+		&captureMaxRequestBytes,
+		&captureMaxResponseBytes,
+		&captureContentTypes,
+		&agentNetwork,
+		&disableAccessLog,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if path.Valid {
+		t.Path = &path.String
+	}
+
+	t.ProxyProtocol = proxyProtocol.Bool
+	t.Options.SkipTLSVerify = skipTLSVerify.Bool
+	t.Options.RequestTimeout = time.Duration(requestTimeout.Int64)
+	t.Options.SessionIdleTimeout = time.Duration(sessionIdleTimeout.Int64)
+	t.Options.PathRewrite = rpservice.PathRewriteMode(pathRewrite.String)
+	t.Options.DirectUpstream = directUpstream.Bool
+	t.Options.CaptureMaxRequestBytes = captureMaxRequestBytes.Int64
+	t.Options.CaptureMaxResponseBytes = captureMaxResponseBytes.Int64
+	t.Options.AgentNetwork = agentNetwork.Bool
+	t.Options.DisableAccessLog = disableAccessLog.Bool
+
+	if len(customHeaders) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(customHeaders, &t.Options.CustomHeaders); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal custom_headers: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(middlewares) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(middlewares, &t.Options.Middlewares); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal middlewares: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(captureContentTypes) > 0 {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(captureContentTypes, &t.Options.CaptureContentTypes); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal capture_content_types: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return &t, nil
+}
+
 func (s *SqlStore) getNetworks(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*networkTypes.Network, error) {
-	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, name, description FROM networks WHERE account_id = $1`
+	const query = `SELECT id, account_id, public_id, name, description FROM networks WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -2253,7 +2553,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getNetworks(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*networ
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) getNetworkRouters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, error) {
-	const query = `SELECT id, network_id, account_id, peer, peer_groups, masquerade, metric, enabled FROM network_routers WHERE account_id = $1`
+	const query = `SELECT id, network_id, account_id, public_id, peer, peer_groups, masquerade, metric, enabled FROM network_routers WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -2263,7 +2563,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getNetworkRouters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*
 		var peerGroups []byte
 		var masquerade, enabled sql.NullBool
 		var metric sql.NullInt64
-		err := row.Scan(&r.ID, &r.NetworkID, &r.AccountID, &r.Peer, &peerGroups, &masquerade, &metric, &enabled)
+		err := row.Scan(&r.ID, &r.NetworkID, &r.AccountID, &r.PublicID, &r.Peer, &peerGroups, &masquerade, &metric, &enabled)
 		if err == nil {
 			if masquerade.Valid {
 				r.Masquerade = masquerade.Bool
@@ -2291,7 +2591,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getNetworkRouters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) getNetworkResources(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*resourceTypes.NetworkResource, error) {
-	const query = `SELECT id, network_id, account_id, name, description, type, domain, prefix, enabled FROM network_resources WHERE account_id = $1`
+	const query = `SELECT id, network_id, account_id, public_id, name, description, type, domain, prefix, enabled FROM network_resources WHERE account_id = $1`
 	rows, err := s.pool.Query(ctx, query, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -2300,7 +2600,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getNetworkResources(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([
 		var r resourceTypes.NetworkResource
 		var prefix []byte
 		var enabled sql.NullBool
-		err := row.Scan(&r.ID, &r.NetworkID, &r.AccountID, &r.Name, &r.Description, &r.Type, &r.Domain, &prefix, &enabled)
+		err := row.Scan(&r.ID, &r.NetworkID, &r.AccountID, &r.PublicID, &r.Name, &r.Description, &r.Type, &r.Domain, &prefix, &enabled)
 		if err == nil {
 			if enabled.Valid {
 				r.Enabled = enabled.Bool
@@ -2588,7 +2888,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountIDBySetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey string)
 	return accountID, nil
 }
 
-func (s *SqlStore) GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]net.IP, error) {
+func (s *SqlStore) GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
 	tx := s.db
 	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
 		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
@@ -2596,7 +2896,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength
 
 	var ipJSONStrings []string
 
-	// Fetch the IP addresses as JSON strings
 	result := tx.Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
 		Where("account_id = ?", accountID).
 		Pluck("ip", &ipJSONStrings)
@@ -2607,14 +2906,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue getting IPs from store: %s", result.Error)
 	}
 
-	// Convert the JSON strings to net.IP objects
-	ips := make([]net.IP, len(ipJSONStrings))
+	ips := make([]netip.Addr, len(ipJSONStrings))
 	for i, ipJSON := range ipJSONStrings {
-		var ip net.IP
+		var ip netip.Addr
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(ipJSON), &ip); err != nil {
 			return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "issue parsing IP JSON from store")
 		}
-		ips[i] = ip
+		ips[i] = ip.Unmap()
 	}
 
 	return ips, nil
@@ -2775,12 +3073,27 @@ func NewSqliteStore(ctx context.Context, dataDir string, metrics telemetry.AppMe
 		connStr = filepath.Join(dataDir, filePath)
 	}
 
-	// Append query parameters: user-provided take precedence, otherwise default to cache=shared on non-Windows
-	if hasQuery {
-		connStr += "?" + query
-	} else if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+	// Compose query parameters. User-provided ?_busy_timeout (or its mattn alias
+	// ?_timeout) overrides our default; otherwise inject 30s so SQLite waits at
+	// most that long on a lock instead of blocking the only Go-side connection.
+	// mattn/go-sqlite3 applies PRAGMA from the DSN on every fresh connection, so
+	// the value survives ConnMaxIdleTime/ConnMaxLifetime recycling. cache=shared
+	// stays the default on non-Windows for the same reason as before.
+	parsed, _ := url.ParseQuery(query)
+	var defaults []string
+	if parsed.Get("_busy_timeout") == "" && parsed.Get("_timeout") == "" {
+		defaults = append(defaults, "_busy_timeout=30000")
+	}
+	if !hasQuery && runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
 		// To avoid `The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process` on Windows
-		connStr += "?cache=shared"
+		defaults = append(defaults, "cache=shared")
+	}
+	parts := defaults
+	if hasQuery {
+		parts = append(parts, query)
+	}
+	if len(parts) > 0 {
+		connStr += "?" + strings.Join(parts, "&")
 	}
 
 	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(connStr), getGormConfig())
@@ -2853,9 +3166,9 @@ func getGormConfig() *gorm.Config {
 
 // newPostgresStore initializes a new Postgres store.
 func newPostgresStore(ctx context.Context, metrics telemetry.AppMetrics, skipMigration bool) (Store, error) {
-	dsn, ok := lookupDSNEnv(postgresDsnEnv, postgresDsnEnvLegacy)
+	dsn, ok := lookupDSNEnv(PostgresDsnEnv, PostgresDsnEnvLegacy)
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not set", postgresDsnEnv)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not set", PostgresDsnEnv)
 	}
 	return NewPostgresqlStore(ctx, dsn, metrics, skipMigration)
 }
@@ -3069,7 +3382,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToAllGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer
 		GroupID:   groupID,
 		PeerID:    peerID,
 	}).Error
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "error adding peer to group 'All': %v", err)
 	}
@@ -3089,7 +3401,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, groupI
 		Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "group_id"}, {Name: "peer_id"}},
 		DoNothing: true,
 	}).Create(peer).Error
-
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to add peer %s to group %s for account %s: %v", peerID, groupID, accountID, err)
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to add peer to group")
@@ -3102,7 +3413,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) AddPeerToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, groupI
 func (s *SqlStore) RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx context.Context, peerID string, groupID string) error {
 	err := s.db.
 		Delete(&types.GroupPeer{}, "group_id = ? AND peer_id = ?", groupID, peerID).Error
-
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to remove peer %s from group %s: %v", peerID, groupID, err)
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to remove peer from group")
@@ -3115,7 +3425,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx context.Context, peerID string, group
 func (s *SqlStore) RemovePeerFromAllGroups(ctx context.Context, peerID string) error {
 	err := s.db.
 		Delete(&types.GroupPeer{}, "peer_id = ?", peerID).Error
-
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to remove peer %s from all groups: %v", peerID, err)
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to remove peer from all groups")
@@ -3239,7 +3548,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStre
 		query = query.Where("name LIKE ?", "%"+nameFilter+"%")
 	}
 	if ipFilter != "" {
-		query = query.Where("ip LIKE ?", "%"+ipFilter+"%")
+		query = query.Where("ip LIKE ? OR ipv6 LIKE ?", "%"+ipFilter+"%", "%"+ipFilter+"%")
 	}
 
 	if err := query.Find(&peers).Error; err != nil {
@@ -3410,7 +3719,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx context.Context, accountId string)
 }
 
 func (s *SqlStore) ExecuteInTransaction(ctx context.Context, operation func(store Store) error) error {
-	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), s.transactionTimeout)
+	timeoutCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, s.transactionTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
 	startTime := time.Now()
@@ -3676,7 +3985,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, group *types.Group) error {
 		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "group is nil")
 	}
 
-	if err := s.db.Omit(clause.Associations).Save(group).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := s.db.Omit(clause.Associations, "public_id").Save(group).Error; err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to save group to store: %v", err)
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save group to store")
 	}
@@ -3764,7 +4073,7 @@ func (s *SqlStore) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types.Policy) error
 
 // SavePolicy saves a policy to the database.
 func (s *SqlStore) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types.Policy) error {
-	result := s.db.Session(&gorm.Session{FullSaveAssociations: true}).Save(policy)
+	result := s.db.Session(&gorm.Session{FullSaveAssociations: true}).Omit("public_id").Save(policy)
 	if err := result.Error; err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to save policy to the store: %s", err)
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save policy to store")
@@ -4115,9 +4424,10 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SaveAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, se
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save account settings to store")
 	}
 
-	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
-		return status.NewAccountNotFoundError(accountID)
-	}
+	// MySQL reports RowsAffected=0 for no-op updates where values don't change,
+	// unlike SQLite/Postgres which report matched rows. Skip the check since the
+	// caller (UpdateAccountSettings) already verified the account exists via
+	// GetAccountSettings with LockingStrengthUpdate.
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -4236,11 +4546,27 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lockin
 	return netRouter, nil
 }
 
-func (s *SqlStore) SaveNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error {
-	result := s.db.Save(router)
+func (s *SqlStore) CreateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error {
+	if err := s.db.Create(router).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to create network router in store: %v", err)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to create network router in store")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error {
+	result := s.db.
+		Select("*").
+		Where(accountAndIDQueryCondition, router.AccountID, router.ID).
+		Updates(router)
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to save network router to store: %v", result.Error)
-		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save network router to store")
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to update network router in store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to update network router in store")
+	}
+
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return status.NewNetworkRouterNotFoundError(router.ID)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -4520,6 +4846,47 @@ func (s *SqlStore) RevokeProxyAccessToken(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) e
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *SqlStore) GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types.ProxyAccessToken, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var tokens []*types.ProxyAccessToken
+	result := tx.Where("account_id = ?", accountID).Find(&tokens)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "get proxy access tokens by account: %v", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	return tokens, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) IsProxyAccessTokenValid(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) (bool, error) {
+	token, err := s.GetProxyAccessTokenByID(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, tokenID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return token.IsValid(), nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) GetProxyAccessTokenByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, tokenID string) (*types.ProxyAccessToken, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var token types.ProxyAccessToken
+	result := tx.Take(&token, idQueryCondition, tokenID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "proxy access token not found")
+		}
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "get proxy access token by ID: %v", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	return &token, nil
+}
+
 // MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed updates the last used timestamp for a proxy access token.
 func (s *SqlStore) MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) error {
 	result := s.db.Model(&types.ProxyAccessToken{}).
@@ -4542,13 +4909,23 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetPeerByIP(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength
 		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
 	}
 
+	column := "ip"
+	if ip.To4() == nil {
+		column = "ipv6"
+	}
 	jsonValue := fmt.Sprintf(`"%s"`, ip.String())
 
 	var peer nbpeer.Peer
 	result := tx.
-		Take(&peer, "account_id = ? AND ip = ?", accountID, jsonValue)
+		Take(&peer, fmt.Sprintf("account_id = ? AND %s = ?", column), accountID, jsonValue)
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		// no logging here
+		// A tunnel-IP miss is an expected outcome (e.g. the proxy's
+		// ValidateTunnelPeer probing an address that isn't in the
+		// account roster); surface it as NotFound so callers can tell
+		// it apart from a real store failure.
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "peer with ip %s not found", ip.String())
+		}
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get peer from store")
 	}
 
@@ -4668,6 +5045,27 @@ func (s *SqlStore) UpdateAccountNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID string, i
 	return nil
 }
 
+// UpdateAccountNetworkV6 updates the IPv6 network range for the account.
+func (s *SqlStore) UpdateAccountNetworkV6(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ipNet net.IPNet) error {
+	patch := accountNetworkPatch{
+		Network: &types.Network{NetV6: ipNet},
+	}
+
+	result := s.db.
+		Model(&types.Account{}).
+		Where(idQueryCondition, accountID).
+		Updates(&patch)
+
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to update account network v6: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "update account network v6")
+	}
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return status.NewAccountNotFoundError(accountID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *SqlStore) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupIDs []string) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
 	if len(groupIDs) == 0 {
 		return []*nbpeer.Peer{}, nil
@@ -4687,6 +5085,64 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, gro
 	return peers, nil
 }
 
+func (s *SqlStore) GetPeerIDsByGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupIDs []string) ([]string, error) {
+	if len(groupIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var peerIDs []string
+	result := s.db.Model(&types.GroupPeer{}).
+		Select("DISTINCT peer_id").
+		Where("account_id = ? AND group_id IN ?", accountID, groupIDs).
+		Pluck("peer_id", &peerIDs)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get peer IDs by groups: %s", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	return peerIDs, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) ([]string, error) {
+	if len(peerIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var groupIDs []string
+	result := s.db.Model(&types.GroupPeer{}).
+		Select("DISTINCT group_id").
+		Where("account_id = ? AND peer_id IN ?", accountID, peerIDs).
+		Pluck("group_id", &groupIDs)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get group IDs by peers: %s", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	return groupIDs, nil
+}
+
+// GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster returns peer IDs of all embedded proxy peers
+// in the account, grouped by their ProxyCluster. The map is nil when no embedded
+// proxy peers exist.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (map[string][]string, error) {
+	type row struct {
+		ID      string
+		Cluster string
+	}
+	var rows []row
+	result := s.db.Model(&nbpeer.Peer{}).
+		Select("id, proxy_meta_cluster AS cluster").
+		Where("account_id = ? AND proxy_meta_embedded = ?", accountID, true).
+		Scan(&rows)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get embedded proxy peers: %s", result.Error)
+	}
+
+	out := make(map[string][]string, len(rows))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		out[r.Cluster] = append(out[r.Cluster], r.ID)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (s *SqlStore) GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, peerKey string) (string, error) {
 	tx := s.db
 	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
@@ -4946,7 +5402,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) UpdateService(ctx context.Context, service *rpservice.Service
 
 		return nil
 	})
-
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to update service to store: %v", err)
 		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to update service to store")
@@ -5254,6 +5709,23 @@ func (s *SqlStore) ListCustomDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*
 	return domains, nil
 }
 
+// GetCustomDomainByName returns the custom domain row holding the given name,
+// regardless of which account owns it.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetCustomDomainByName(ctx context.Context, domainName string) (*domain.Domain, error) {
+	customDomain := &domain.Domain{}
+	result := s.db.Take(customDomain, "domain = ?", domainName)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "custom domain %s not found", domainName)
+		}
+
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get custom domain by name from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get custom domain from store")
+	}
+
+	return customDomain, nil
+}
+
 func (s *SqlStore) CreateCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, domainName string, targetCluster string, validated bool) (*domain.Domain, error) {
 	newDomain := &domain.Domain{
 		ID:            xid.New().String(), // Generate our own ID because gorm doesn't always configure the database to handle this for us.
@@ -5265,6 +5737,18 @@ func (s *SqlStore) CreateCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, dom
 	}
 	result := s.db.Create(newDomain)
 	if result.Error != nil {
+		// The unique index is the last guard when two requests clear the
+		// manager's availability check at the same time. The one that loses the
+		// insert is a conflict, not an internal failure.
+		var count int64
+		if err := s.db.Model(&domain.Domain{}).Where("domain = ?", domainName).Count(&count).Error; err == nil && count > 0 {
+			// The insert error is logged even on this path: the name being taken
+			// is what the caller has to act on, but if the insert also failed for
+			// an unrelated reason the operator still needs to see it.
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("create reverse proxy custom domain %s rejected, name already registered: %v", domainName, result.Error)
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.AlreadyExists, "domain %s is already registered", domainName)
+		}
+
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to create reverse proxy custom domain to store: %v", result.Error)
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to create reverse proxy custom domain to store")
 	}
@@ -5312,6 +5796,340 @@ func (s *SqlStore) CreateAccessLog(ctx context.Context, logEntry *accesslogs.Acc
 	return nil
 }
 
+// CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog persists a flattened agent-network access-log
+// entry together with its authorising-group child rows in a single
+// transaction.
+func (s *SqlStore) CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx context.Context, entry *agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog, groups []agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup) error {
+	err := s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		// Idempotent on the log id / (log_id, group_id) so a proxy resend of the
+		// same entry can't fail the request.
+		if err := tx.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(entry).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(groups) > 0 {
+			if err := tx.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(&groups).Error; err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"account_id": entry.AccountID,
+			"service_id": entry.ServiceID,
+			"model":      entry.Model,
+		}).Errorf("failed to create agent-network access log entry in store: %v", err)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to create agent-network access log entry in store")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateAgentNetworkUsage persists a stripped agent-network usage record
+// together with its authorising-group child rows in a single transaction.
+func (s *SqlStore) CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx context.Context, usage *agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage, groups []agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsageGroup) error {
+	err := s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		// Idempotent on the usage id / (usage_id, group_id) so a proxy resend of
+		// the same entry can't fail the request.
+		if err := tx.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(usage).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(groups) > 0 {
+			if err := tx.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(&groups).Error; err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"account_id": usage.AccountID,
+			"model":      usage.Model,
+		}).Errorf("failed to create agent-network usage record in store: %v", err)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to create agent-network usage record in store")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs deletes an account's access-log rows (and
+// their authorising-group child rows) older than the cutoff. Usage records are
+// untouched — they are the long-term aggregate. Returns the number of log rows
+// deleted.
+func (s *SqlStore) DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, olderThan time.Time) (int64, error) {
+	var deleted int64
+	err := s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		// Remove group child rows for the soon-to-be-deleted logs first.
+		if err := tx.Exec(
+			"DELETE FROM agent_network_access_log_group WHERE account_id = ? AND log_id IN (SELECT id FROM agent_network_access_log WHERE account_id = ? AND timestamp < ?)",
+			accountID, accountID, olderThan,
+		).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		res := tx.Where("account_id = ? AND timestamp < ?", accountID, olderThan).
+			Delete(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog{})
+		if res.Error != nil {
+			return res.Error
+		}
+		deleted = res.RowsAffected
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete old agent-network access logs for account %s: %v", accountID, err)
+		return 0, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to delete old agent-network access logs")
+	}
+	return deleted, nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkUsageRows returns the stripped usage rows for an account that
+// match the filter (date / user / group / provider / model). Aggregation into
+// time buckets happens in the manager so granularities stay engine-portable.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage, error) {
+	var rows []*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage
+
+	query := s.applyAgentNetworkUsageFilters(
+		s.db.Where(accountIDCondition, accountID),
+		filter,
+	).Order("timestamp ASC")
+
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		query = query.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	if err := query.Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent-network usage rows from store: %v", err)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent-network usage rows from store")
+	}
+	return rows, nil
+}
+
+// applyAgentNetworkUsageFilters applies the shared access-log filter's
+// date/user/group/provider/model conditions to a usage-table query. Pagination,
+// sort and free-text search are ignored — the overview is an aggregate.
+func (s *SqlStore) applyAgentNetworkUsageFilters(query *gorm.DB, filter agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) *gorm.DB {
+	if filter.UserID != nil {
+		query = query.Where("user_id = ?", *filter.UserID)
+	}
+	if filter.SessionID != nil {
+		query = query.Where("session_id = ?", *filter.SessionID)
+	}
+	if len(filter.ProviderIDs) > 0 {
+		query = query.Where("resolved_provider_id IN ?", filter.ProviderIDs)
+	}
+	if len(filter.Models) > 0 {
+		query = query.Where("model IN ?", filter.Models)
+	}
+	if len(filter.GroupIDs) > 0 {
+		query = query.Where(
+			"id IN (SELECT usage_id FROM agent_network_request_usage_group WHERE group_id IN ?)",
+			filter.GroupIDs,
+		)
+	}
+	if filter.StartDate != nil {
+		query = query.Where("timestamp >= ?", *filter.StartDate)
+	}
+	if filter.EndDate != nil {
+		query = query.Where("timestamp <= ?", *filter.EndDate)
+	}
+	return query
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs retrieves flattened agent-network access logs for
+// an account with server-side pagination, filtering and sorting. Authorising
+// group ids are hydrated from the group child table for the returned page.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog, int64, error) {
+	var logs []*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog
+	var totalCount int64
+
+	countQuery := s.applyAgentNetworkAccessLogFilters(
+		s.db.Model(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog{}).Where(accountIDCondition, accountID),
+		filter,
+	)
+	if err := countQuery.Count(&totalCount).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to count agent-network access logs: %v", err)
+		return nil, 0, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to count agent-network access logs")
+	}
+
+	query := s.applyAgentNetworkAccessLogFilters(
+		s.db.Where(accountIDCondition, accountID),
+		filter,
+	).
+		Order(filter.GetSortColumn() + " " + filter.GetSortOrder()).
+		Limit(filter.GetLimit()).
+		Offset(filter.GetOffset())
+
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		query = query.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	if err := query.Find(&logs).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent-network access logs from store: %v", err)
+		return nil, 0, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent-network access logs from store")
+	}
+
+	if err := s.hydrateAgentNetworkAccessLogGroups(ctx, accountID, logs); err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	return logs, totalCount, nil
+}
+
+// applyAgentNetworkAccessLogFilters applies the filter conditions to a query.
+func (s *SqlStore) applyAgentNetworkAccessLogFilters(query *gorm.DB, filter agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) *gorm.DB {
+	if filter.Search != nil {
+		p := "%" + *filter.Search + "%"
+		query = query.Where(
+			"id LIKE ? OR host LIKE ? OR path LIKE ? OR model LIKE ? OR user_id IN (SELECT id FROM users WHERE email LIKE ? OR name LIKE ?)",
+			p, p, p, p, p, p,
+		)
+	}
+	if filter.UserID != nil {
+		query = query.Where("user_id = ?", *filter.UserID)
+	}
+	if filter.SessionID != nil {
+		query = query.Where("session_id = ?", *filter.SessionID)
+	}
+	if filter.Decision != nil {
+		query = query.Where("decision = ?", *filter.Decision)
+	}
+	if filter.PathPrefix != nil {
+		query = query.Where("path LIKE ?", *filter.PathPrefix+"%")
+	}
+	if len(filter.ProviderIDs) > 0 {
+		query = query.Where("resolved_provider_id IN ?", filter.ProviderIDs)
+	}
+	if len(filter.Models) > 0 {
+		query = query.Where("model IN ?", filter.Models)
+	}
+	if len(filter.GroupIDs) > 0 {
+		query = query.Where(
+			"id IN (SELECT log_id FROM agent_network_access_log_group WHERE group_id IN ?)",
+			filter.GroupIDs,
+		)
+	}
+	if filter.StartDate != nil {
+		query = query.Where("timestamp >= ?", *filter.StartDate)
+	}
+	if filter.EndDate != nil {
+		query = query.Where("timestamp <= ?", *filter.EndDate)
+	}
+	return query
+}
+
+// hydrateAgentNetworkAccessLogGroups loads the authorising group ids for the
+// given page of entries and assigns them onto each entry's GroupIDs field.
+func (s *SqlStore) hydrateAgentNetworkAccessLogGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, logs []*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog) error {
+	if len(logs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(logs))
+	for _, l := range logs {
+		ids = append(ids, l.ID)
+	}
+
+	var rows []agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup
+	if err := s.db.
+		Where(accountIDCondition, accountID).
+		Where("log_id IN ?", ids).
+		Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to hydrate agent-network access log groups: %v", err)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to hydrate agent-network access log groups")
+	}
+
+	byLog := make(map[string][]string, len(logs))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		byLog[r.LogID] = append(byLog[r.LogID], r.GroupID)
+	}
+	for _, l := range logs {
+		l.GroupIDs = byLog[l.ID]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// agentNetworkSessionKeyExpr is the SQL group key for session-grouped access
+// logs: the row's session id, or — when the client sent none — the row id, so
+// session-less requests each form their own singleton group. COALESCE/NULLIF
+// are standard SQL, so this stays portable across SQLite and Postgres.
+const agentNetworkSessionKeyExpr = "COALESCE(NULLIF(session_id, ''), id)"
+
+// GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions retrieves agent-network access logs grouped
+// by session, with server-side pagination, filtering and sorting at the session
+// level. It paginates over the distinct session keys (ordered by the requested
+// session-level aggregate), fetches every entry for the page's sessions, and
+// folds them into per-session summaries. The returned count is the number of
+// matching sessions. Filters apply to the entries, so a session's summary
+// reflects only its filter-matching requests.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, int64, error) {
+	// Count distinct sessions via a grouped subquery — portable and avoids
+	// relying on COUNT(DISTINCT <expr>) quoting quirks.
+	sessionsSubquery := s.applyAgentNetworkAccessLogFilters(
+		s.db.Model(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog{}).Where(accountIDCondition, accountID),
+		filter,
+	).
+		Select(agentNetworkSessionKeyExpr + " AS session_key").
+		Group(agentNetworkSessionKeyExpr)
+
+	var totalCount int64
+	if err := s.db.Table("(?) AS sessions", sessionsSubquery).Count(&totalCount).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to count agent-network access-log sessions: %v", err)
+		return nil, 0, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to count agent-network access-log sessions")
+	}
+
+	// The page of session keys, ordered by the session-level aggregate. The
+	// session-key tiebreaker keeps pagination deterministic when the primary
+	// aggregate ties.
+	type sessionKeyRow struct {
+		SessionKey string
+	}
+	var keyRows []sessionKeyRow
+	keyQuery := s.applyAgentNetworkAccessLogFilters(
+		s.db.Model(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog{}).Where(accountIDCondition, accountID),
+		filter,
+	).
+		Select(agentNetworkSessionKeyExpr + " AS session_key").
+		Group(agentNetworkSessionKeyExpr).
+		Order(filter.GetSessionSortExpr() + " " + filter.GetSortOrder()).
+		Order("session_key ASC").
+		Limit(filter.GetLimit()).
+		Offset(filter.GetOffset())
+	if err := keyQuery.Scan(&keyRows).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to list agent-network access-log session keys: %v", err)
+		return nil, 0, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to list agent-network access-log session keys")
+	}
+	if len(keyRows) == 0 {
+		return nil, totalCount, nil
+	}
+
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(keyRows))
+	for _, r := range keyRows {
+		keys = append(keys, r.SessionKey)
+	}
+
+	// All entries for the page's sessions, contiguous per session and oldest
+	// first within each — the fold relies on that ordering.
+	var entries []*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog
+	entriesQuery := s.applyAgentNetworkAccessLogFilters(
+		s.db.Where(accountIDCondition, accountID),
+		filter,
+	).
+		Where(agentNetworkSessionKeyExpr+" IN ?", keys).
+		Order(agentNetworkSessionKeyExpr + ", timestamp ASC")
+
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		entriesQuery = entriesQuery.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	if err := entriesQuery.Find(&entries).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent-network access-log session entries: %v", err)
+		return nil, 0, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent-network access-log session entries")
+	}
+
+	if err := s.hydrateAgentNetworkAccessLogGroups(ctx, accountID, entries); err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+
+	return agentNetworkTypes.FoldAccessLogSessions(keys, entries), totalCount, nil
+}
+
 // GetAccountAccessLogs retrieves access logs for a given account with pagination and filtering
 func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter accesslogs.AccessLogFilter) ([]*accesslogs.AccessLogEntry, int64, error) {
 	var logs []*accesslogs.AccessLogEntry
@@ -5462,14 +6280,71 @@ func (s *SqlStore) SaveProxy(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// UpdateProxyHeartbeat updates the last_seen timestamp for a proxy or creates a new entry if it doesn't exist
-func (s *SqlStore) UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string) error {
+// DisconnectProxy marks a proxy as disconnected only if the session ID matches.
+// This prevents a slow-to-close old session from overwriting a newer reconnection.
+func (s *SqlStore) DisconnectProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error {
+	now := time.Now()
+	result := s.db.
+		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
+		Where("id = ? AND session_id = ?", proxyID, sessionID).
+		Updates(map[string]any{
+			"status":          proxy.StatusDisconnected,
+			"disconnected_at": now,
+			"last_seen":       now,
+		})
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to disconnect proxy %s session %s: %v", proxyID, sessionID, result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to disconnect proxy")
+	}
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("proxy %s session %s: no row updated (superseded by newer session)", proxyID, sessionID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetAllProxies returns all reverse proxy instance rows.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAllProxies(ctx context.Context) ([]*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	var proxies []*proxy.Proxy
+	result := s.db.Order("cluster_address, id").Find(&proxies)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get proxies: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get proxies")
+	}
+	return proxies, nil
+}
+
+// DisconnectAllProxies force-marks every proxy that is not already disconnected
+// as disconnected, regardless of session ID. Unlike DisconnectProxy it is not
+// session-guarded: it is an administrative repair helper, not part of the
+// connection lifecycle. last_seen is left untouched so the stale-proxy reaper
+// keeps working off the real last heartbeat. Returns the number of proxies updated.
+func (s *SqlStore) DisconnectAllProxies(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
+	result := s.db.
+		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
+		Where("status != ?", proxy.StatusDisconnected).
+		Updates(map[string]any{
+			"status":          proxy.StatusDisconnected,
+			"disconnected_at": time.Now(),
+		})
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to disconnect all proxies: %v", result.Error)
+		return 0, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to disconnect all proxies")
+	}
+	return result.RowsAffected, nil
+}
+
+// UpdateProxyHeartbeat updates the last_seen timestamp for the proxy's current session.
+func (s *SqlStore) UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
 	now := time.Now()
 
 	result := s.db.
 		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
-		Where("id = ? AND status = ?", proxyID, "connected").
-		Update("last_seen", now)
+		Where("id = ? AND session_id = ?", p.ID, p.SessionID).
+		Updates(map[string]any{
+			"last_seen":       now,
+			"status":          proxy.StatusConnected,
+			"disconnected_at": nil,
+		})
 
 	if result.Error != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to update proxy heartbeat: %v", result.Error)
@@ -5477,30 +6352,26 @@ func (s *SqlStore) UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAdd
 	}
 
 	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
-		p := &proxy.Proxy{
-			ID:             proxyID,
-			ClusterAddress: clusterAddress,
-			IPAddress:      ipAddress,
-			LastSeen:       now,
-			ConnectedAt:    &now,
-			Status:         "connected",
-		}
-		if err := s.db.Save(p).Error; err != nil {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to create proxy on heartbeat: %v", err)
-			return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to create proxy on heartbeat")
+		p.LastSeen = now
+		p.ConnectedAt = &now
+		p.Status = proxy.StatusConnected
+		if err := s.db.Create(p).Error; err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("proxy %s session %s: heartbeat fallback insert skipped: %v", p.ID, p.SessionID, err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses returns all unique cluster addresses for active proxies
+// GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses returns the unique cluster addresses of active
+// shared proxies (those without an account scope). BYOP cluster addresses are
+// excluded; use GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount to retrieve them.
 func (s *SqlStore) GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
 	var addresses []string
 
 	result := s.db.
 		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
-		Where("status = ? AND last_seen > ?", "connected", time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)).
+		Where("account_id IS NULL AND status = ? AND last_seen > ?", proxy.StatusConnected, time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)).
 		Distinct("cluster_address").
 		Pluck("cluster_address", &addresses)
 
@@ -5512,19 +6383,153 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string
 	return addresses, nil
 }
 
-// GetActiveProxyClusters returns all active proxy clusters with their connected proxy count.
-func (s *SqlStore) GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx context.Context) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
-	var clusters []proxy.Cluster
+func (s *SqlStore) GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error) {
+	var addresses []string
 
-	result := s.db.Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
-		Select("cluster_address as address, COUNT(*) as connected_proxies").
-		Where("status = ? AND last_seen > ?", "connected", time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)).
-		Group("cluster_address").
-		Scan(&clusters)
+	result := s.db.
+		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
+		Where("account_id = ? AND status = ? AND last_seen > ?", accountID, proxy.StatusConnected, time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)).
+		Distinct("cluster_address").
+		Pluck("cluster_address", &addresses)
 
 	if result.Error != nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get active proxy clusters: %v", result.Error)
-		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "get active proxy clusters")
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get active proxy cluster addresses for account")
+	}
+
+	return addresses, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) GetProxyByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	var p proxy.Proxy
+	result := s.db.Where("account_id = ?", accountID).Take(&p)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "proxy not found for account")
+		}
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "get proxy by account ID: %v", result.Error)
+	}
+	return &p, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) CountProxiesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error) {
+	var count int64
+	result := s.db.Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).Where("account_id = ?", accountID).Count(&count)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return 0, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "count proxies by account ID: %v", result.Error)
+	}
+	return count, nil
+}
+
+// HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress reports whether any proxy — shared or
+// account-scoped — is currently active at the given cluster address, using
+// the same connected-within-threshold window as the other active-proxy
+// queries. Backs the agent-network settings delete guard: settings cannot be
+// deleted while a proxy declares the endpoint hostname as its address.
+//
+// The comparison folds case on both sides: the caller passes a normalized
+// (lowercase) hostname, but proxies declare their cluster address verbatim
+// and Connect stores it unchanged, so on case-sensitive collations a proxy
+// declaring "GW.Example.com" would otherwise slip past the guard. Hostnames
+// are case-insensitive per RFC 4343; the guard must be too.
+func (s *SqlStore) HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress string) (bool, error) {
+	var count int64
+	result := s.db.
+		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
+		Where("LOWER(cluster_address) = LOWER(?) AND status = ? AND last_seen > ?", clusterAddress, proxy.StatusConnected, time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)).
+		Count(&count)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to count active proxies at cluster address: %v", result.Error)
+		return false, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to count active proxies at cluster address")
+	}
+	return count > 0, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) IsClusterAddressConflicting(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error) {
+	var count int64
+	result := s.db.
+		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
+		Where("cluster_address = ? AND (account_id IS NULL OR account_id != ?)", clusterAddress, accountID).
+		Count(&count)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return false, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "check cluster address conflict: %v", result.Error)
+	}
+	return count > 0, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error {
+	result := s.db.
+		Where("cluster_address = ? AND account_id = ?", clusterAddress, accountID).
+		Delete(&proxy.Proxy{})
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "delete account cluster: %v", result.Error)
+	}
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "cluster not found")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetProxyClusters returns every cluster the account can see (shared
+// plus its own BYOP), regardless of whether any proxy in the cluster
+// is currently heartbeating. Online and ConnectedProxies are derived
+// from the 2-min active window so the dashboard can render offline
+// clusters distinctly; the 1-hour heartbeat reaper still removes rows
+// that go quiet for too long.
+//
+// AccountOwned is determined by whether any proxy row in the group
+// carries a non-NULL account_id; the caller maps that to Cluster.Type.
+// Capability flags are NOT filled here — the handler enriches them via
+// the per-cluster capability lookups.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+	activeCutoff := time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)
+
+	type clusterRow struct {
+		ID               string
+		Address          string
+		ConnectedProxies int
+		Online           bool
+		AccountOwned     bool
+	}
+
+	var rows []clusterRow
+	result := s.db.Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
+		Select(
+			"MIN(id) AS id, "+
+				"cluster_address AS address, "+
+				// COUNT(CASE WHEN ... THEN 1 END) counts only non-NULL — i.e. only
+				// rows that satisfy the predicate — so it works portably across
+				// sqlite/postgres/mysql without dialect-specific FILTER syntax.
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN status = ? AND last_seen > ? THEN 1 END) AS connected_proxies, "+
+				// MAX(CASE …) > 0 expresses BOOL_OR in a way Postgres tolerates
+				// (Postgres can't MAX a boolean column).
+				"MAX(CASE WHEN status = ? AND last_seen > ? THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) > 0 AS online, "+
+				"MAX(CASE WHEN account_id IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) > 0 AS account_owned",
+			proxy.StatusConnected, activeCutoff,
+			proxy.StatusConnected, activeCutoff,
+		).
+		Where("account_id IS NULL OR account_id = ?", accountID).
+		Group("cluster_address").
+		Scan(&rows)
+
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get proxy clusters: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "get proxy clusters")
+	}
+
+	clusters := make([]proxy.Cluster, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		c := proxy.Cluster{
+			ID:               r.ID,
+			Address:          r.Address,
+			Online:           r.Online,
+			ConnectedProxies: r.ConnectedProxies,
+		}
+		if r.AccountOwned {
+			c.Type = proxy.ClusterTypeAccount
+		} else {
+			c.Type = proxy.ClusterTypeShared
+		}
+		clusters = append(clusters, c)
 	}
 
 	return clusters, nil
@@ -5538,6 +6543,7 @@ var validCapabilityColumns = map[string]struct{}{
 	"supports_custom_ports": {},
 	"require_subdomain":     {},
 	"supports_crowdsec":     {},
+	"private":               {},
 }
 
 // GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts returns whether any active proxy in the cluster
@@ -5552,6 +6558,12 @@ func (s *SqlStore) GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr s
 	return s.getClusterCapability(ctx, clusterAddr, "require_subdomain")
 }
 
+// GetClusterSupportsPrivate reports whether any active proxy in the cluster
+// has the private capability (nil = unreported).
+func (s *SqlStore) GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
+	return s.getClusterCapability(ctx, clusterAddr, "private")
+}
+
 // GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec returns whether all active proxies in the cluster
 // have CrowdSec configured. Returns nil when no proxy reported the capability.
 // Unlike other capabilities that use ANY-true (for rolling upgrades), CrowdSec
@@ -5586,7 +6598,6 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getClusterUnanimousCapability(ctx context.Context, clusterAdd
 		Where("cluster_address = ? AND status = ? AND last_seen > ?",
 			clusterAddr, "connected", time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)).
 		Scan(&result).Error
-
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("query cluster capability %s for %s: %v", column, clusterAddr, err)
 		return nil
@@ -5622,13 +6633,13 @@ func (s *SqlStore) getClusterCapability(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr, column
 	}
 
 	err := s.db.
+		WithContext(ctx).
 		Model(&proxy.Proxy{}).
 		Select("COUNT(CASE WHEN "+column+" IS NOT NULL THEN 1 END) > 0 AS has_capability, "+
 			"COALESCE(MAX(CASE WHEN "+column+" = true THEN 1 ELSE 0 END), 0) = 1 AS any_true").
 		Where("cluster_address = ? AND status = ? AND last_seen > ?",
 			clusterAddr, "connected", time.Now().Add(-proxyActiveThreshold)).
 		Scan(&result).Error
-
 	if err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("query cluster capability %s for %s: %v", column, clusterAddr, err)
 		return nil
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_activity_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_activity_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7aef47b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_activity_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+const activityAccountID = "activityAccountId"
+
+func newActivityTestStore(t *testing.T) Store {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	store, cleanUp, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), &types.Account{
+		Id:        activityAccountID,
+		Domain:    "activity.example.com",
+		CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}))
+
+	return store
+}
+
+func TestRefreshPeerLastSeen(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	store := newActivityTestStore(t)
+	stored := time.Now().UTC().Add(-3 * time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, store.AddPeerToAccount(ctx, activityPeer(stored)))
+
+	refreshed, err := store.RefreshPeerLastSeen(ctx, activityAccountID, "activityPeer", time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Hour))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, refreshed, "a peer seen three hours ago is stale enough to refresh")
+
+	peer, err := store.GetPeerByID(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, activityAccountID, "activityPeer")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.WithinDuration(t, time.Now().UTC(), peer.Status.LastSeen.UTC(), time.Minute, "last seen should be stamped at write time")
+	assert.True(t, peer.Status.LastSeen.After(stored), "last seen must move forward")
+}
+
+// TestRefreshPeerLastSeenHonoursCutoff covers the throttle the caller relies on:
+// two concurrent requests both read the same stale peer, but only the statement
+// that still finds LastSeen behind the cutoff writes.
+func TestRefreshPeerLastSeenHonoursCutoff(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	store := newActivityTestStore(t)
+	stored := time.Now().UTC().Add(-10 * time.Minute)
+	require.NoError(t, store.AddPeerToAccount(ctx, activityPeer(stored)))
+
+	refreshed, err := store.RefreshPeerLastSeen(ctx, activityAccountID, "activityPeer", time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Hour))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, refreshed, "a peer seen inside the interval must not be written")
+
+	peer, err := store.GetPeerByID(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, activityAccountID, "activityPeer")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.WithinDuration(t, stored, peer.Status.LastSeen.UTC(), time.Second, "last seen must be left where it was")
+}
+
+// TestRefreshPeerLastSeenRecordsNeverSeenPeer covers the nullable column. Status
+// is an embedded pointer, so a peer stored without one leaves last seen NULL,
+// and NULL loses the cutoff comparison — such a peer would never record its
+// first activity.
+func TestRefreshPeerLastSeenRecordsNeverSeenPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	store := newActivityTestStore(t)
+	stored := activityPeer(time.Time{})
+	stored.Status = nil
+	require.NoError(t, store.AddPeerToAccount(ctx, stored))
+
+	refreshed, err := store.RefreshPeerLastSeen(ctx, activityAccountID, "activityPeer", time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Hour))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, refreshed, "a peer that was never seen must record its first activity")
+
+	peer, err := store.GetPeerByID(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, activityAccountID, "activityPeer")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.WithinDuration(t, time.Now().UTC(), peer.Status.LastSeen.UTC(), time.Minute, "last seen should be stamped at write time")
+}
+
+// TestRefreshPeerLastSeenLeavesSessionStateAlone pins the column boundary: the
+// connected flag and the session token belong to the sync stream that owns the
+// peer's session, and a blind write here would corrupt its fencing. This is why
+// SavePeerStatus is not reused for an activity bump.
+func TestRefreshPeerLastSeenLeavesSessionStateAlone(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	store := newActivityTestStore(t)
+
+	stored := activityPeer(time.Date(2026, 3, 1, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC))
+	stored.Status.Connected = true
+	stored.Status.SessionStartedAt = 1234567890
+	require.NoError(t, store.AddPeerToAccount(ctx, stored))
+
+	refreshed, err := store.RefreshPeerLastSeen(ctx, activityAccountID, "activityPeer", time.Now().UTC().Add(-time.Hour))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, refreshed, "the peer is stale enough to refresh")
+
+	peer, err := store.GetPeerByID(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, activityAccountID, "activityPeer")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.WithinDuration(t, time.Now().UTC(), peer.Status.LastSeen.UTC(), time.Minute, "last seen should move forward")
+	assert.True(t, peer.Status.Connected, "connected flag must survive an activity write")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1234567890), peer.Status.SessionStartedAt, "session token must survive an activity write")
+}
+
+func activityPeer(lastSeen time.Time) *nbpeer.Peer {
+	return &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        "activityPeer",
+		AccountID: activityAccountID,
+		Key:       "activityPeerKey",
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.9"),
+		Name:      "activity-peer",
+		DNSLabel:  "activity-peer",
+		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{LastSeen: lastSeen},
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e75e36320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork.go
@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+)
+
+// GetAllAgentNetworkProviders returns Agent Network providers across
+// every account. Used by the synthesizer to build the global service map.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAllAgentNetworkProviders(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Provider, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var providers []*agentNetworkTypes.Provider
+	if result := tx.Find(&providers); result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get all agent network providers from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get all agent network providers from store")
+	}
+
+	for _, provider := range providers {
+		if err := provider.DecryptSensitiveData(s.fieldEncrypt); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to decrypt agent network provider %s: %v", provider.ID, err)
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to decrypt agent network provider")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return providers, nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkMetrics returns aggregated agent-network adoption + usage
+// counts for the self-hosted metrics worker. Each value is a single cheap
+// aggregate; token/cost are summed over the always-collected per-request usage
+// ledger (independent of the log-collection toggle) so they reflect real usage.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkMetrics(ctx context.Context) (AgentNetworkMetrics, error) {
+	var m AgentNetworkMetrics
+	db := s.db.WithContext(ctx)
+
+	// Providers + distinct adopting accounts in one round-trip.
+	provRow := db.Model(&agentNetworkTypes.Provider{}).
+		Select("COUNT(*) AS providers, COUNT(DISTINCT account_id) AS accounts").Row()
+	if err := provRow.Scan(&m.Providers, &m.Accounts); err != nil {
+		return AgentNetworkMetrics{}, fmt.Errorf("scan agent network provider metrics: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := db.Model(&agentNetworkTypes.Policy{}).Count(&m.Policies).Error; err != nil {
+		return AgentNetworkMetrics{}, fmt.Errorf("count agent network policies: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := db.Model(&agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule{}).Count(&m.BudgetRules).Error; err != nil {
+		return AgentNetworkMetrics{}, fmt.Errorf("count agent network budget rules: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := db.Model(&agentNetworkTypes.Settings{}).
+		Where("enable_log_collection = ?", true).Count(&m.LogCollectionEnabled).Error; err != nil {
+		return AgentNetworkMetrics{}, fmt.Errorf("count agent network log-collection accounts: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// COALESCE so an empty ledger scans as 0 instead of NULL.
+	usageRow := db.Model(&agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{}).
+		Select("COALESCE(SUM(input_tokens), 0) AS input_tokens, " +
+			"COALESCE(SUM(output_tokens), 0) AS output_tokens, " +
+			"COALESCE(SUM" + agentNetworkTypes.CostUSDSQLExpr + ", 0) AS cost_usd").Row()
+	if err := usageRow.Scan(&m.InputTokens, &m.OutputTokens, &m.CostUSD); err != nil {
+		return AgentNetworkMetrics{}, fmt.Errorf("scan agent network usage metrics: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Provider, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var providers []*agentNetworkTypes.Provider
+	result := tx.Find(&providers, accountIDCondition, accountID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network providers from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network providers from store")
+	}
+
+	for _, provider := range providers {
+		if err := provider.DecryptSensitiveData(s.fieldEncrypt); err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to decrypt agent network provider %s: %v", provider.ID, err)
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to decrypt agent network provider")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return providers, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, providerID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Provider, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var provider *agentNetworkTypes.Provider
+	result := tx.Take(&provider, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, providerID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.NewAgentNetworkProviderNotFoundError(providerID)
+		}
+
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network provider from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network provider from store")
+	}
+
+	if err := provider.DecryptSensitiveData(s.fieldEncrypt); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to decrypt agent network provider %s: %v", provider.ID, err)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to decrypt agent network provider")
+	}
+
+	return provider, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx context.Context, provider *agentNetworkTypes.Provider) error {
+	providerCopy := provider.Copy()
+	if err := providerCopy.EncryptSensitiveData(s.fieldEncrypt); err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to encrypt agent network provider %s: %v", provider.ID, err)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to encrypt agent network provider")
+	}
+
+	result := s.db.Save(providerCopy)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to save agent network provider to store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save agent network provider to store")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) DeleteAgentNetworkProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, providerID string) error {
+	result := s.db.Delete(&agentNetworkTypes.Provider{}, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, providerID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete agent network provider from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to delete agent network provider from store")
+	}
+
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return status.NewAgentNetworkProviderNotFoundError(providerID)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Policy, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var policies []*agentNetworkTypes.Policy
+	result := tx.Find(&policies, accountIDCondition, accountID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network policies from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network policies from store")
+	}
+
+	return policies, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, policyID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Policy, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var policy *agentNetworkTypes.Policy
+	result := tx.Take(&policy, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, policyID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.NewAgentNetworkPolicyNotFoundError(policyID)
+		}
+
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network policy from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network policy from store")
+	}
+
+	return policy, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *agentNetworkTypes.Policy) error {
+	result := s.db.Save(policy)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to save agent network policy to store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save agent network policy to store")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, policyID string) error {
+	result := s.db.Delete(&agentNetworkTypes.Policy{}, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, policyID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete agent network policy from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to delete agent network policy from store")
+	}
+
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return status.NewAgentNetworkPolicyNotFoundError(policyID)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var guardrails []*agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail
+	result := tx.Find(&guardrails, accountIDCondition, accountID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network guardrails from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network guardrails from store")
+	}
+
+	return guardrails, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, guardrailID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var guardrail *agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail
+	result := tx.Take(&guardrail, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, guardrailID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.NewAgentNetworkGuardrailNotFoundError(guardrailID)
+		}
+
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network guardrail from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network guardrail from store")
+	}
+
+	return guardrail, nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx context.Context, guardrail *agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail) error {
+	result := s.db.Save(guardrail)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to save agent network guardrail to store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save agent network guardrail to store")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SqlStore) DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx context.Context, accountID, guardrailID string) error {
+	result := s.db.Delete(&agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail{}, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, guardrailID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete agent network guardrail from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to delete agent network guardrail from store")
+	}
+
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return status.NewAgentNetworkGuardrailNotFoundError(guardrailID)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkSettings returns the per-account Agent Network
+// settings row. Returns status.NotFound when no row exists.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Settings, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var settings agentNetworkTypes.Settings
+	result := tx.Take(&settings, "account_id = ?", accountID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "agent network settings for account %s not found", accountID)
+		}
+
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network settings from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network settings from store")
+	}
+
+	return &settings, nil
+}
+
+// GetAllAgentNetworkSettings returns every account's settings row. Used by the
+// access-log retention sweep to learn each account's retention window.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAllAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Settings, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var settings []*agentNetworkTypes.Settings
+	if err := tx.Find(&settings).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to list agent network settings: %v", err)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to list agent network settings")
+	}
+	return settings, nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress returns every Settings row whose
+// gateway is served by the proxy declaring the given cluster address. Used by
+// cluster-scoped synthesis to find the accounts a shared proxy serves.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, proxyAddress string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Settings, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var settings []*agentNetworkTypes.Settings
+	result := tx.Find(&settings, "proxy_address = ?", proxyAddress)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network settings by proxy address from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network settings by proxy address from store")
+	}
+
+	return settings, nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain resolves the single Settings row holding the
+// given endpoint hostname — a point query on the domain unique index. Returns
+// status.NotFound when no account owns the domain.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, domain string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Settings, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var settings agentNetworkTypes.Settings
+	result := tx.Take(&settings, "domain = ?", domain)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "agent network settings for domain %s not found", domain)
+		}
+
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network settings by domain from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network settings by domain from store")
+	}
+
+	return &settings, nil
+}
+
+// CreateAgentNetworkSettings inserts a new settings row.
+//
+// Unlike SaveAgentNetworkSettings (an upsert) this is a plain INSERT, and it
+// returns the driver error unwrapped. Both properties are required by the
+// bootstrap allocator: an upsert would overwrite whichever row it collided
+// with, and the allocator classifies the rejection by matching the driver's
+// message — a unique violation on the account primary key means a concurrent
+// bootstrap for the same account won, and one on the domain index means the
+// hostname is taken.
+func (s *SqlStore) CreateAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *agentNetworkTypes.Settings) error {
+	if err := s.db.Create(settings).Error; err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("failed to create agent network settings: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkSettings upserts the per-account Agent Network
+// settings row.
+func (s *SqlStore) SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *agentNetworkTypes.Settings) error {
+	result := s.db.Save(settings)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to save agent network settings to store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save agent network settings to store")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkSettings removes the per-account Agent Network settings
+// row, releasing the account's endpoint. Returns status.NotFound when no row
+// exists. The guards on the delete (no providers, no proxy actively serving
+// the endpoint) live in the manager, which runs this inside a transaction
+// after re-checking them under a row lock.
+func (s *SqlStore) DeleteAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
+	result := s.db.Delete(&agentNetworkTypes.Settings{}, "account_id = ?", accountID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete agent network settings from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to delete agent network settings from store")
+	}
+
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return status.Errorf(status.NotFound, "agent network settings for account %s not found", accountID)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption atomically upserts the consumption
+// row keyed on (account, dim_kind, dim_id, window_seconds, window_start)
+// and adds the supplied deltas. Concurrent calls from multiple proxy
+// nodes converge — the database performs the increment server-side via
+// ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE so no read-modify-write race exists.
+func (s *SqlStore) IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	accountID string,
+	kind agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionDimension,
+	dimID string,
+	windowSeconds int64,
+	windowStart time.Time,
+	tokensIn, tokensOut int64,
+	costUSD float64,
+) error {
+	if accountID == "" || dimID == "" || windowSeconds <= 0 {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "account_id, dim_id and window_seconds must be set")
+	}
+	// Deltas are added server-side via ON CONFLICT; a negative or non-finite
+	// value would silently decrement / poison the persisted totals.
+	if tokensIn < 0 || tokensOut < 0 || costUSD < 0 || math.IsNaN(costUSD) || math.IsInf(costUSD, 0) {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "consumption deltas must be non-negative and finite")
+	}
+	row := agentNetworkTypes.Consumption{
+		AccountID:      accountID,
+		DimensionKind:  kind,
+		DimensionID:    dimID,
+		WindowSeconds:  windowSeconds,
+		WindowStartUTC: windowStart.UTC(),
+		TokensInput:    tokensIn,
+		TokensOutput:   tokensOut,
+		CostUSD:        costUSD,
+		UpdatedAt:      time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+	const tbl = "agent_network_consumption"
+	err := s.db.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
+		Columns: []clause.Column{
+			{Name: "account_id"},
+			{Name: "dim_kind"},
+			{Name: "dim_id"},
+			{Name: "window_seconds"},
+			{Name: "window_start_utc"},
+		},
+		DoUpdates: clause.Assignments(map[string]any{
+			"tokens_input":  gorm.Expr(tbl+".tokens_input + ?", tokensIn),
+			"tokens_output": gorm.Expr(tbl+".tokens_output + ?", tokensOut),
+			"cost_usd":      gorm.Expr(tbl+".cost_usd + ?", costUSD),
+			"updated_at":    time.Now().UTC(),
+		}),
+	}).Create(&row).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to increment agent network consumption: %v", err)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to increment agent network consumption")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkConsumption returns the consumption row for the exact
+// window key. Returns a zero-valued row (not found mapped to zero) so
+// callers can use the result as the headroom basis without nil checks.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkConsumption(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	lockStrength LockingStrength,
+	accountID string,
+	kind agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionDimension,
+	dimID string,
+	windowSeconds int64,
+	windowStart time.Time,
+) (*agentNetworkTypes.Consumption, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+	var row agentNetworkTypes.Consumption
+	result := tx.Take(&row,
+		"account_id = ? AND dim_kind = ? AND dim_id = ? AND window_seconds = ? AND window_start_utc = ?",
+		accountID, kind, dimID, windowSeconds, windowStart.UTC())
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return &agentNetworkTypes.Consumption{
+				AccountID:      accountID,
+				DimensionKind:  kind,
+				DimensionID:    dimID,
+				WindowSeconds:  windowSeconds,
+				WindowStartUTC: windowStart.UTC(),
+			}, nil
+		}
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network consumption: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network consumption")
+	}
+	return &row, nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch reads many consumption counters for one
+// account in a single query, returning a map keyed by the exact
+// ConsumptionKey. Missing counters are simply absent from the map (callers
+// treat absence as a zero counter). Replaces the per-cap point reads the
+// policy selector previously issued one at a time.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	lockStrength LockingStrength,
+	accountID string,
+	keys []agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionKey,
+) (map[agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionKey]*agentNetworkTypes.Consumption, error) {
+	out := make(map[agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionKey]*agentNetworkTypes.Consumption, len(keys))
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	// Collect the distinct dim ids, windows and window starts so a single
+	// query scopes to exactly the current windows in play, then filter the
+	// returned rows down to the exact requested keys.
+	wanted := make(map[agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionKey]struct{}, len(keys))
+	dimSet := make(map[string]struct{})
+	winSet := make(map[int64]struct{})
+	startSet := make(map[time.Time]struct{})
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		k.WindowStartUTC = k.WindowStartUTC.UTC()
+		wanted[k] = struct{}{}
+		dimSet[k.DimID] = struct{}{}
+		winSet[k.WindowSeconds] = struct{}{}
+		startSet[k.WindowStartUTC] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	dimIDs := make([]string, 0, len(dimSet))
+	for d := range dimSet {
+		dimIDs = append(dimIDs, d)
+	}
+	windows := make([]int64, 0, len(winSet))
+	for w := range winSet {
+		windows = append(windows, w)
+	}
+	starts := make([]time.Time, 0, len(startSet))
+	for t := range startSet {
+		starts = append(starts, t)
+	}
+
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+	var rows []*agentNetworkTypes.Consumption
+	result := tx.Find(&rows,
+		"account_id = ? AND dim_id IN ? AND window_seconds IN ? AND window_start_utc IN ?",
+		accountID, dimIDs, windows, starts)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to batch-get agent network consumption: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network consumption")
+	}
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		k := agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionKey{
+			Kind:           row.DimensionKind,
+			DimID:          row.DimensionID,
+			WindowSeconds:  row.WindowSeconds,
+			WindowStartUTC: row.WindowStartUTC.UTC(),
+		}
+		if _, ok := wanted[k]; ok {
+			out[k] = row
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch applies the same usage delta to every
+// supplied counter inside a single transaction, so all per-(dimension, window)
+// counters a served request books are written atomically in one round-trip
+// instead of one upsert per counter. Keys are deduplicated by the caller.
+func (s *SqlStore) IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	accountID string,
+	keys []agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionKey,
+	tokensIn, tokensOut int64,
+	costUSD float64,
+) error {
+	if accountID == "" {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "account_id must be set")
+	}
+	if tokensIn < 0 || tokensOut < 0 || costUSD < 0 || math.IsNaN(costUSD) || math.IsInf(costUSD, 0) {
+		return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "consumption deltas must be non-negative and finite")
+	}
+	if len(keys) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	const tbl = "agent_network_consumption"
+	err := s.db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		for _, k := range keys {
+			if k.DimID == "" || k.WindowSeconds <= 0 {
+				return status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "dim_id and window_seconds must be set")
+			}
+			now := time.Now().UTC()
+			row := agentNetworkTypes.Consumption{
+				AccountID:      accountID,
+				DimensionKind:  k.Kind,
+				DimensionID:    k.DimID,
+				WindowSeconds:  k.WindowSeconds,
+				WindowStartUTC: k.WindowStartUTC.UTC(),
+				TokensInput:    tokensIn,
+				TokensOutput:   tokensOut,
+				CostUSD:        costUSD,
+				UpdatedAt:      now,
+			}
+			if err := tx.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
+				Columns: []clause.Column{
+					{Name: "account_id"},
+					{Name: "dim_kind"},
+					{Name: "dim_id"},
+					{Name: "window_seconds"},
+					{Name: "window_start_utc"},
+				},
+				DoUpdates: clause.Assignments(map[string]any{
+					"tokens_input":  gorm.Expr(tbl+".tokens_input + ?", tokensIn),
+					"tokens_output": gorm.Expr(tbl+".tokens_output + ?", tokensOut),
+					"cost_usd":      gorm.Expr(tbl+".cost_usd + ?", costUSD),
+					"updated_at":    now,
+				}),
+			}).Create(&row).Error; err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to batch-increment agent network consumption: %v", err)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to increment agent network consumption")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ListAgentNetworkConsumption returns every consumption row recorded
+// for the account, ordered by window_start descending. Backs the
+// dashboard's basic counter view.
+func (s *SqlStore) ListAgentNetworkConsumption(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	lockStrength LockingStrength,
+	accountID string,
+) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Consumption, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+	var rows []*agentNetworkTypes.Consumption
+	result := tx.
+		Order("window_start_utc DESC").
+		Find(&rows, accountIDCondition, accountID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to list agent network consumption: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to list agent network consumption")
+	}
+	return rows, nil
+}
+
+// GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules returns every account-level budget rule for
+// the account.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var rules []*agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule
+	result := tx.Find(&rules, accountIDCondition, accountID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network budget rules from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network budget rules from store")
+	}
+
+	return rules, nil
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID returns a single budget rule scoped to the
+// account, or a NotFound error.
+func (s *SqlStore) GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, ruleID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	tx := s.db
+	if lockStrength != LockingStrengthNone {
+		tx = tx.Clauses(clause.Locking{Strength: string(lockStrength)})
+	}
+
+	var rule *agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule
+	result := tx.Take(&rule, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, ruleID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		if errors.Is(result.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+			return nil, status.NewAgentNetworkBudgetRuleNotFoundError(ruleID)
+		}
+
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to get agent network budget rule from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to get agent network budget rule from store")
+	}
+
+	return rule, nil
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule upserts a budget rule.
+func (s *SqlStore) SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, rule *agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule) error {
+	result := s.db.Save(rule)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to save agent network budget rule to store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to save agent network budget rule to store")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule removes a budget rule scoped to the account.
+func (s *SqlStore) DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, accountID, ruleID string) error {
+	result := s.db.Delete(&agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule{}, accountAndIDQueryCondition, accountID, ruleID)
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete agent network budget rule from store: %v", result.Error)
+		return status.Errorf(status.Internal, "failed to delete agent network budget rule from store")
+	}
+
+	if result.RowsAffected == 0 {
+		return status.NewAgentNetworkBudgetRuleNotFoundError(ruleID)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork_accesslog_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork_accesslog_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ba79a062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork_accesslog_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+)
+
+// TestAgentNetworkUsage_RealStore_RoundTrip drives CreateAgentNetworkUsage and
+// CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog through a real sqlite store to prove the schema
+// migrates and the inserts succeed for both a populated (allowed) entry and a
+// stripped (denied) entry.
+func TestAgentNetworkUsage_RealStore_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	const accountID = "acc-anet-usage-1"
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+
+	// Populated (allowed) usage row with two authorising groups.
+	usage := &agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{
+		ID:                 "log-allowed-1",
+		AccountID:          accountID,
+		Timestamp:          now,
+		UserID:             "user-alice",
+		ResolvedProviderID: "prov-openai-1",
+		Provider:           "openai",
+		Model:              "gpt-4o",
+		SessionID:          "sess-round-trip-1",
+		InputTokens:        1200,
+		OutputTokens:       640,
+		TotalTokens:        1840,
+		InputCostUSD:       0.0231,
+	}
+	usageGroups := []agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsageGroup{
+		{UsageID: usage.ID, GroupID: "grp-eng", AccountID: accountID},
+		{UsageID: usage.ID, GroupID: "grp-oncall", AccountID: accountID},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx, usage, usageGroups), "populated usage insert must succeed")
+
+	// Stripped (denied / 403) usage row: no provider/model/tokens, no groups.
+	denied := &agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{
+		ID:        "log-denied-1",
+		AccountID: accountID,
+		Timestamp: now,
+		UserID:    "user-bob",
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx, denied, nil), "stripped usage insert must succeed")
+
+	// Idempotency: re-inserting the same id must not error.
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx, usage, usageGroups), "duplicate usage insert must be idempotent")
+
+	// Access-log row + group children.
+	entry := &agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog{
+		ID:           "log-allowed-1",
+		AccountID:    accountID,
+		ServiceID:    "agent-net-svc-1",
+		Timestamp:    now,
+		UserID:       "user-alice",
+		StatusCode:   200,
+		Provider:     "openai",
+		Model:        "gpt-4o",
+		SessionID:    "sess-round-trip-1",
+		InputTokens:  1200,
+		OutputTokens: 640,
+		TotalTokens:  1840,
+		InputCostUSD: 0.0231,
+	}
+	entryGroups := []agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup{
+		{LogID: entry.ID, GroupID: "grp-eng", AccountID: accountID},
+		{LogID: entry.ID, GroupID: "grp-oncall", AccountID: accountID},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, entry, entryGroups), "access-log insert must succeed")
+
+	// Read back through the filtered list + verify group hydration.
+	logs, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID, agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: 1, PageSize: 50})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "list must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), total, "one access-log row expected")
+	require.Len(t, logs, 1)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"grp-eng", "grp-oncall"}, logs[0].GroupIDs, "group ids must hydrate")
+	assert.Equal(t, "sess-round-trip-1", logs[0].SessionID, "session id must persist and read back on the access-log row")
+
+	// Session filter narrows the access-log listing to one conversation.
+	sessionID := "sess-round-trip-1"
+	sessLogs, sessTotal, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: 1, PageSize: 50, SessionID: &sessionID})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), sessTotal, "session filter must match the one row with that session id")
+	require.Len(t, sessLogs, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, entry.ID, sessLogs[0].ID, "session filter must return the matching log row")
+
+	bogus := "no-such-session"
+	_, emptyTotal, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: 1, PageSize: 50, SessionID: &bogus})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), emptyTotal, "unknown session id must match nothing")
+
+	// Session filter also narrows the always-on usage rows.
+	sessUsage, err := s.GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{SessionID: &sessionID})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, sessUsage, 1, "session filter must narrow usage rows to the matching session")
+	assert.Equal(t, "sess-round-trip-1", sessUsage[0].SessionID, "usage row must carry the session id")
+}
+
+// TestAgentNetworkUsageOverview_DailyAggregation drives GetAgentNetworkUsageRows
+// + AggregateUsageByGranularity end-to-end against a real sqlite store, with
+// two rows on the same day and one on another, plus a model filter.
+func TestAgentNetworkUsageOverview_DailyAggregation(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	const accountID = "acc-anet-overview-1"
+	day1 := time.Date(2026, 5, 5, 10, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	day1b := time.Date(2026, 5, 5, 22, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	day2 := time.Date(2026, 5, 6, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+
+	mk := func(id string, ts time.Time, model string, in, out int64, cost float64) *agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage {
+		return &agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{
+			ID: id, AccountID: accountID, Timestamp: ts, Model: model,
+			InputTokens: in, OutputTokens: out, TotalTokens: in + out, InputCostUSD: cost,
+		}
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx, mk("u1", day1, "gpt-4o", 100, 50, 0.10), nil))
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx, mk("u2", day1b, "gpt-4o", 200, 80, 0.20), nil))
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx, mk("u3", day2, "claude-3", 10, 5, 0.01), nil))
+
+	rows, err := s.GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID, agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, rows, 3, "all three usage rows expected")
+
+	buckets := agentNetworkTypes.AggregateUsageByGranularity(rows, agentNetworkTypes.UsageGranularityDay)
+	require.Len(t, buckets, 2, "two distinct days expected")
+	assert.Equal(t, "2026-05-05", buckets[0].PeriodStart, "oldest-first ordering")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(300), buckets[0].InputTokens, "same-day input tokens summed")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(130), buckets[0].OutputTokens)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.30, buckets[0].TotalCostUSD(), 1e-9, "same-day cost summed")
+	assert.Equal(t, "2026-05-06", buckets[1].PeriodStart)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(15), buckets[1].TotalTokens)
+
+	// Model filter narrows to a single day.
+	model := "claude-3"
+	filtered, err := s.GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID, agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Models: []string{model}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, filtered, 1, "model filter must narrow rows")
+	assert.Equal(t, "u3", filtered[0].ID)
+}
+
+// TestAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions_RealStore drives GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions
+// against a real sqlite store: session grouping + aggregation, recency ordering,
+// singleton groups for session-less requests, session pagination, the model
+// filter narrowing sessions, and aggregate sorting.
+func TestAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions_RealStore(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	const accountID = "acc-anet-sessions-1"
+	base := time.Date(2026, 5, 5, 10, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	at := func(h int) time.Time { return base.Add(time.Duration(h) * time.Hour) }
+
+	mk := func(id, session, user, provider, model, decision string, ts time.Time, cost float64) *agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog {
+		return &agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog{
+			ID: id, AccountID: accountID, ServiceID: "svc", Timestamp: ts,
+			UserID: user, StatusCode: 200, Provider: provider, Model: model,
+			SessionID: session, Decision: decision,
+			InputTokens: 100, OutputTokens: 50, TotalTokens: 150, InputCostUSD: cost,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Two-request session s1 (alice), a one-request denied session s2 (bob), and
+	// two session-less requests (empty session id) that must each form their own
+	// singleton group.
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, mk("s1-a", "s1", "alice", "openai", "gpt-4o", "allow", at(1), 0.10),
+		[]agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup{{LogID: "s1-a", GroupID: "grp-eng", AccountID: accountID}}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, mk("s1-b", "s1", "alice", "openai", "gpt-4o", "allow", at(2), 0.20),
+		[]agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup{{LogID: "s1-b", GroupID: "grp-oncall", AccountID: accountID}}))
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, mk("s2-a", "s2", "bob", "anthropic", "claude-3", "deny", at(3), 0.05), nil))
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, mk("se-old", "", "carol", "openai", "o1", "allow", at(0), 0.01), nil))
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, mk("se-new", "", "dave", "mistral", "mistral-large", "allow", at(4), 0.02), nil))
+
+	// Default sort: last activity (MAX timestamp) descending.
+	sessions, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: 1, PageSize: 50})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(4), total, "four sessions: s1, s2, and two singletons")
+	require.Len(t, sessions, 4)
+
+	// se-new(t4) > s2(t3) > s1(t2) > se-old(t0)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", sessions[0].SessionID, "newest is a session-less singleton")
+	assert.Equal(t, "se-new", sessions[0].Entries[0].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "s2", sessions[1].SessionID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "s1", sessions[2].SessionID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "se-old", sessions[3].Entries[0].ID)
+
+	// s1 aggregation.
+	s1 := sessions[2]
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, s1.RequestCount, "s1 has two requests")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(300), s1.TotalTokens, "tokens summed across the session")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.30, s1.TotalCostUSD(), 1e-9, "cost summed across the session")
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice", s1.UserID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "allow", s1.Decision)
+	// SQLite hands times back in time.Local; normalise to UTC so the instant is
+	// compared, not the (differing) *Location pointer.
+	assert.Equal(t, at(1), s1.StartedAt.UTC(), "started = earliest entry")
+	assert.Equal(t, at(2), s1.EndedAt.UTC(), "ended = latest entry")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"openai"}, s1.Providers)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"gpt-4o"}, s1.Models)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"grp-eng", "grp-oncall"}, s1.GroupIDs, "union of the entries' authorising groups")
+
+	// Denied session rolls up to deny.
+	assert.Equal(t, "deny", sessions[1].Decision, "any denied request makes the session deny")
+
+	// Pagination over sessions: 2 per page.
+	page1, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: 1, PageSize: 2})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(4), total, "total still counts all sessions")
+	require.Len(t, page1, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "se-new", page1[0].Entries[0].ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "s2", page1[1].SessionID)
+
+	page2, _, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: 2, PageSize: 2})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, page2, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "s1", page2[0].SessionID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "se-old", page2[1].Entries[0].ID)
+
+	// Model filter narrows to the session(s) with matching entries.
+	model := "claude-3"
+	filtered, fTotal, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: 1, PageSize: 50, Models: []string{model}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), fTotal, "only s2 has a claude-3 request")
+	require.Len(t, filtered, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "s2", filtered[0].SessionID)
+
+	// Sort by total session cost, descending: s1 (0.30) leads despite not being
+	// the most recent.
+	byCost, _, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID,
+		agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: 1, PageSize: 50, SortBy: "cost_usd", SortOrder: "desc"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, byCost, 4)
+	assert.Equal(t, "s1", byCost[0].SessionID, "highest-cost session sorts first")
+}
+
+// TestDeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs verifies the retention sweep removes only
+// access-log rows (and their group children) older than the cutoff, leaving
+// recent rows — and never touching usage records.
+func TestDeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	const accountID = "acc-anet-retention-1"
+	old := time.Now().UTC().AddDate(0, 0, -40)
+	recent := time.Now().UTC().AddDate(0, 0, -1)
+
+	mkLog := func(id string, ts time.Time) (*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog, []agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup) {
+		return &agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog{
+				ID: id, AccountID: accountID, ServiceID: "svc", Timestamp: ts, StatusCode: 200, Model: "gpt-4o",
+			}, []agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup{
+				{LogID: id, GroupID: "grp-eng", AccountID: accountID},
+			}
+	}
+	oldEntry, oldGroups := mkLog("old-1", old)
+	recentEntry, recentGroups := mkLog("recent-1", recent)
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, oldEntry, oldGroups))
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, recentEntry, recentGroups))
+	// A usage row for the old request must survive the access-log sweep.
+	require.NoError(t, s.CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx, &agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage{
+		ID: "old-1", AccountID: accountID, Timestamp: old, Model: "gpt-4o", InputTokens: 10, TotalTokens: 10,
+	}, nil))
+
+	cutoff := time.Now().UTC().AddDate(0, 0, -30)
+	deleted, err := s.DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, accountID, cutoff)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), deleted, "only the 40-day-old log is deleted")
+
+	logs, total, err := s.GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID, agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{Page: 1, PageSize: 50})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), total, "the recent log remains")
+	require.Len(t, logs, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "recent-1", logs[0].ID)
+
+	// Usage is untouched by the access-log retention sweep.
+	usage, err := s.GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID, agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, usage, 1, "usage record for the deleted log must survive")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork_budgetrule_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork_budgetrule_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1ad8af9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_agentnetwork_budgetrule_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+)
+
+// TestAgentNetworkBudgetRule_RealStore_RoundTrip is the GC-0 no-mock guard: it
+// drives the budget-rule CRUD through a real sqlite store and asserts the full
+// object — targets and the reused PolicyLimits cap shape — survives the
+// save → gorm/JSON serialize → reload round-trip, then that delete removes it
+// and a second delete reports NotFound.
+func TestAgentNetworkBudgetRule_RealStore_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	const accountID = "acc-budgetrule-1"
+	rule := agentNetworkTypes.NewAccountBudgetRule(accountID)
+	rule.Name = "eng-monthly"
+	rule.TargetGroups = []string{"grp-eng", "grp-oncall"}
+	rule.TargetUsers = []string{"user-alice"}
+	rule.Limits = agentNetworkTypes.PolicyLimits{
+		TokenLimit: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyTokenLimit{
+			Enabled: true, GroupCap: 100_000, UserCap: 10_000, WindowSeconds: 2_592_000,
+		},
+		BudgetLimit: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyBudgetLimit{
+			Enabled: true, GroupCapUsd: 500, UserCapUsd: 50, WindowSeconds: 2_592_000,
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, rule), "save must succeed")
+
+	got, err := s.GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID, rule.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "get by id must succeed after save")
+	assert.Equal(t, rule.Name, got.Name, "name must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng", "grp-oncall"}, got.TargetGroups, "target groups must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"user-alice"}, got.TargetUsers, "target users must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, rule.Limits, got.Limits, "the reused PolicyLimits cap shape must round-trip intact")
+	assert.True(t, got.Enabled, "enabled must round-trip")
+
+	list, err := s.GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "list must succeed")
+	require.Len(t, list, 1, "exactly the one saved rule must be listed")
+	assert.Equal(t, rule.ID, list[0].ID, "listed rule id must match")
+
+	require.NoError(t, s.DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, accountID, rule.ID), "delete must succeed")
+
+	_, err = s.GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID, rule.ID)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "get after delete must report not found")
+
+	err = s.DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, accountID, rule.ID)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "deleting an absent rule must report not found")
+}
+
+// TestAgentNetworkBudgetRule_RealStore_ScopedByAccount pins that rules are
+// account-scoped: a rule under one account is invisible to another.
+func TestAgentNetworkBudgetRule_RealStore_ScopedByAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	ruleA := agentNetworkTypes.NewAccountBudgetRule("acc-A")
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, ruleA))
+
+	list, err := s.GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, "acc-B")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, list, "account B must not see account A's budget rule")
+
+	_, err = s.GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, "acc-B", ruleA.ID)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "cross-account get by id must not resolve")
+}
+
+// TestAgentNetworkSettings_RealStore_CollectionTogglesRoundTrip pins the GC-0
+// additive settings columns: the three collection toggles default off on a
+// fresh row and survive a save/reload at their set values.
+func TestAgentNetworkSettings_RealStore_CollectionTogglesRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	s, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	const accountID = "acc-settings-toggles"
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, &agentNetworkTypes.Settings{
+		AccountID:    accountID,
+		Domain:       "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		ProxyAddress: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+	}))
+
+	got, err := s.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, got.EnableLogCollection, "log collection must default off")
+	assert.False(t, got.EnablePromptCollection, "prompt collection must default off")
+	assert.False(t, got.RedactPii, "redact pii must default off")
+
+	got.EnableLogCollection = true
+	got.EnablePromptCollection = true
+	got.RedactPii = true
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, got))
+
+	reloaded, err := s.GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, reloaded.EnableLogCollection, "log collection must round-trip on")
+	assert.True(t, reloaded.EnablePromptCollection, "prompt collection must round-trip on")
+	assert.True(t, reloaded.RedactPii, "redact pii must round-trip on")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_get_account_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_get_account_test.go
index 69e346ae7..686839b1f 100644
--- a/management/server/store/sql_store_get_account_test.go
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_get_account_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -11,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integration_reference"
 	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
 	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
 	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
@@ -19,8 +20,66 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/integration_reference"
 )
 
+// TestGetAccount_LoadsCustomDomains verifies GetAccount populates account.Domains.
+// SynthesizePrivateServiceZones depends on this relation to anchor a custom-domain
+// private service's DNS zone; without the preload the relation is empty and the
+// service is silently skipped, so a custom domain never resolves on clients.
+func TestGetAccount_LoadsCustomDomains(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("The SQLite store is not properly supported by Windows yet")
+	}
+
+	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	assertGetAccountLoadsCustomDomains(t, store)
+}
+
+func TestPostgresql_GetAccount_LoadsCustomDomains(t *testing.T) {
+	if (os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && runtime.GOOS == "darwin") || runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	t.Setenv("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE", string(types.PostgresStoreEngine))
+	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+
+	assertGetAccountLoadsCustomDomains(t, store)
+}
+
+// assertGetAccountLoadsCustomDomains exercises both the gorm and pgx GetAccount
+// paths: it persists two custom domains and asserts the relation comes back
+// populated, which SynthesizePrivateServiceZones relies on.
+func assertGetAccountLoadsCustomDomains(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	accountID := "acct-custom-domains"
+	require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(ctx, newAccountWithId(ctx, accountID, "user-1", "")))
+
+	_, err := store.CreateCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, "example.com", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", true)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "creating the first custom domain must succeed")
+	_, err = store.CreateCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, "apps.acme.io", "us.proxy.netbird.io", false)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "creating the second custom domain must succeed")
+
+	account, err := store.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, account.Domains, 2, "GetAccount must preload the account's custom domains")
+
+	byDomain := map[string]string{}
+	for _, d := range account.Domains {
+		require.NotNil(t, d)
+		byDomain[d.Domain] = d.TargetCluster
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "eu.proxy.netbird.io", byDomain["example.com"], "custom domain must carry its target cluster")
+	assert.Equal(t, "us.proxy.netbird.io", byDomain["apps.acme.io"], "custom domain must carry its target cluster")
+}
+
 // TestGetAccount_ComprehensiveFieldValidation validates that GetAccount properly loads
 // all fields and nested objects from the database, including deeply nested structures.
 func TestGetAccount_ComprehensiveFieldValidation(t *testing.T) {
@@ -148,7 +207,8 @@ func TestGetAccount_ComprehensiveFieldValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		AccountID: accountID,
 		Key:       "peer-key-1-AAAA",
 		Name:      "Peer 1",
-		IP:        net.ParseIP("100.64.0.1"),
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 			Hostname:      "peer1.example.com",
 			GoOS:          "linux",
@@ -195,7 +255,8 @@ func TestGetAccount_ComprehensiveFieldValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		AccountID: accountID,
 		Key:       "peer-key-2-BBBB",
 		Name:      "Peer 2",
-		IP:        net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2"),
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2"),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 			Hostname:  "peer2.example.com",
 			GoOS:      "darwin",
@@ -232,7 +293,8 @@ func TestGetAccount_ComprehensiveFieldValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		AccountID: accountID,
 		Key:       "peer-key-3-CCCC",
 		Name:      "Peer 3 (Ephemeral)",
-		IP:        net.ParseIP("100.64.0.3"),
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.3"),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3"),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 			Hostname: "peer3.example.com",
 			GoOS:     "windows",
@@ -710,7 +772,7 @@ func TestGetAccount_ComprehensiveFieldValidation(t *testing.T) {
 		require.True(t, exists, "Peer 1 should exist")
 		assert.Equal(t, "Peer 1", p1.Name, "Peer 1 name mismatch")
 		assert.Equal(t, "peer-key-1-AAAA", p1.Key, "Peer 1 key mismatch")
-		assert.True(t, p1.IP.Equal(net.ParseIP("100.64.0.1")), "Peer 1 IP mismatch")
+		assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"), p1.IP, "Peer 1 IP mismatch")
 		assert.Equal(t, userID1, p1.UserID, "Peer 1 user ID mismatch")
 		assert.True(t, p1.SSHEnabled, "Peer 1 SSH should be enabled")
 		assert.Equal(t, "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1...", p1.SSHKey, "Peer 1 SSH key mismatch")
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_pgx_parity_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_pgx_parity_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f17817d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_pgx_parity_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+)
+
+// TestPgxServiceColumnsMatchGorm guards the Postgres pgx read path against
+// drifting from the gorm model. The SQLite/MySQL gorm path loads rows by struct,
+// so a new column on a model is picked up automatically, but the hand-written
+// pgx SELECT in sql_store.go must be updated by hand. This test fails when a
+// gorm column is missing from the pgx column list, which otherwise silently
+// returns zero-valued on Postgres with no compile error.
+func TestPgxServiceColumnsMatchGorm(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		model         any
+		selectColumns string
+		// excluded lists gorm columns intentionally not loaded by the pgx path.
+		excluded map[string]struct{}
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "service",
+			model:         &rpservice.Service{},
+			selectColumns: serviceSelectColumns,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "target",
+			model:         &rpservice.Target{},
+			selectColumns: targetSelectColumns,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			selected := parseColumnList(tc.selectColumns)
+			for _, col := range gormColumnNames(t, tc.model) {
+				if _, ok := tc.excluded[col]; ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				_, ok := selected[col]
+				assert.Truef(t, ok,
+					"gorm column %q is not read by the Postgres pgx SELECT; add it to %sSelectColumns in sql_store.go (or to the test's excluded set if it is intentionally not loaded)",
+					col, tc.name)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func parseColumnList(cols string) map[string]struct{} {
+	set := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, c := range strings.Split(cols, ",") {
+		if c = strings.TrimSpace(c); c != "" {
+			set[c] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return set
+}
+
+// gormColumnNames returns the DB column names gorm would migrate for the model,
+// using the same default naming strategy the store configures.
+func gormColumnNames(t *testing.T, model any) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	sch, err := schema.Parse(model, &sync.Map{}, schema.NamingStrategy{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return sch.DBNames
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_proxy_clusters_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_proxy_clusters_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdacfedae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_proxy_clusters_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+)
+
+// TestSqlStore_GetProxyClusters_DerivesOnlineAndType guards the
+// account-visible cluster list against silent regressions in two
+// dimensions:
+//
+//  1. Online derivation: a cluster with one stale and one fresh proxy
+//     is online and counts only the fresh proxy; a cluster whose
+//     proxies all heartbeated outside the 2-min window appears offline
+//     with connected_proxies = 0 (rather than disappearing, which is
+//     what the old query did).
+//  2. Type derivation: a cluster scoped to the calling account is
+//     reported as `account`; a cluster with account_id IS NULL is
+//     reported as `shared`. Clusters scoped to other accounts must not
+//     leak into the result.
+//
+// Capability flags are intentionally not asserted here — they're filled
+// by the manager (handler) layer from the per-cluster capability
+// lookups, not by the store query.
+func TestSqlStore_GetProxyClusters_DerivesOnlineAndType(t *testing.T) {
+	if (os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && runtime.GOOS == "darwin") || runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		accountID := "acct-clusters"
+		require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(ctx, newAccountWithId(ctx, accountID, "user-1", "")))
+
+		otherAccountID := "acct-other"
+		require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(ctx, newAccountWithId(ctx, otherAccountID, "user-2", "")))
+
+		acctID := accountID
+		otherID := otherAccountID
+
+		fresh := time.Now().Add(-30 * time.Second)
+		stale := time.Now().Add(-30 * time.Minute)
+
+		mustSave := func(id, cluster string, accID *string, status string, lastSeen time.Time) {
+			require.NoError(t, store.SaveProxy(ctx, &rpproxy.Proxy{
+				ID:             id,
+				SessionID:      id + "-sess",
+				ClusterAddress: cluster,
+				IPAddress:      "10.0.0.1",
+				AccountID:      accID,
+				LastSeen:       lastSeen,
+				Status:         status,
+			}))
+		}
+
+		// shared-mixed: one fresh + one stale proxy → online, connected=1
+		mustSave("p-shared-fresh", "shared-mixed.netbird.io", nil, rpproxy.StatusConnected, fresh)
+		mustSave("p-shared-stale", "shared-mixed.netbird.io", nil, rpproxy.StatusConnected, stale)
+
+		// shared-offline: only stale proxies → offline, connected=0,
+		// but row must still appear (this is the new semantic — old
+		// query would have dropped it entirely).
+		mustSave("p-shared-off", "shared-offline.netbird.io", nil, rpproxy.StatusConnected, stale)
+
+		// account-online: BYOP cluster owned by acctID, fresh
+		mustSave("p-acct-fresh", "byop.acct.example", &acctID, rpproxy.StatusConnected, fresh)
+
+		// other-account: must not surface for acctID
+		mustSave("p-other", "byop.other.example", &otherID, rpproxy.StatusConnected, fresh)
+
+		clusters, err := store.GetProxyClusters(ctx, accountID)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		byAddr := map[string]rpproxy.Cluster{}
+		for _, c := range clusters {
+			byAddr[c.Address] = c
+		}
+
+		assert.NotContains(t, byAddr, "byop.other.example",
+			"another account's BYOP cluster must not leak into this account's listing")
+
+		require.Contains(t, byAddr, "shared-mixed.netbird.io")
+		mixed := byAddr["shared-mixed.netbird.io"]
+		assert.Equal(t, rpproxy.ClusterTypeShared, mixed.Type, "shared cluster (account_id IS NULL) must be reported as Type=shared")
+		assert.True(t, mixed.Online, "cluster with a fresh proxy must be online")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, mixed.ConnectedProxies, "connected_proxies must count only fresh proxies; the stale one should not bump the count")
+
+		require.Contains(t, byAddr, "shared-offline.netbird.io",
+			"offline clusters must still appear so the dashboard can render them — the old GetActiveProxyClusters would have dropped this row, which is the regression this test guards against")
+		offline := byAddr["shared-offline.netbird.io"]
+		assert.Equal(t, rpproxy.ClusterTypeShared, offline.Type)
+		assert.False(t, offline.Online, "no fresh heartbeat → offline")
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, offline.ConnectedProxies, "no fresh proxies → connected_proxies=0")
+
+		require.Contains(t, byAddr, "byop.acct.example")
+		acct := byAddr["byop.acct.example"]
+		assert.Equal(t, rpproxy.ClusterTypeAccount, acct.Type, "BYOP cluster owned by the account must be reported as Type=account")
+		assert.True(t, acct.Online)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, acct.ConnectedProxies)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_proxy_disconnect_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_proxy_disconnect_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d0f34680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_proxy_disconnect_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpproxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
+)
+
+// TestSqlStore_DisconnectAllProxies guards the administrative
+// force-disconnect helper:
+//
+//  1. Every proxy that is not already disconnected is marked
+//     disconnected regardless of its session ID (unlike
+//     DisconnectProxy, which is session-guarded).
+//  2. Rows that are already disconnected are left untouched, so their
+//     original disconnected_at is preserved and the returned count
+//     reflects only the rows that actually changed.
+//  3. last_seen is not modified — the stale-proxy reaper keeps working
+//     off the real last heartbeat.
+func TestSqlStore_DisconnectAllProxies(t *testing.T) {
+	if (os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && runtime.GOOS == "darwin") || runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		lastSeenFresh := time.Now().Add(-30 * time.Second)
+		lastSeenStale := time.Now().Add(-30 * time.Minute)
+		oldDisconnectedAt := time.Now().Add(-time.Hour)
+
+		accountID := "acct-disconnect"
+		proxies := []*rpproxy.Proxy{
+			{
+				ID:             "p-connected-fresh",
+				SessionID:      "sess-1",
+				ClusterAddress: "cluster-a.example.com",
+				IPAddress:      "10.0.0.1",
+				LastSeen:       lastSeenFresh,
+				Status:         rpproxy.StatusConnected,
+			},
+			{
+				ID:             "p-connected-stale",
+				SessionID:      "sess-2",
+				ClusterAddress: "cluster-b.example.com",
+				IPAddress:      "10.0.0.2",
+				AccountID:      &accountID,
+				LastSeen:       lastSeenStale,
+				Status:         rpproxy.StatusConnected,
+			},
+			{
+				ID:             "p-already-disconnected",
+				SessionID:      "sess-3",
+				ClusterAddress: "cluster-a.example.com",
+				IPAddress:      "10.0.0.3",
+				LastSeen:       lastSeenStale,
+				Status:         rpproxy.StatusDisconnected,
+				DisconnectedAt: &oldDisconnectedAt,
+			},
+		}
+		for _, p := range proxies {
+			require.NoError(t, store.SaveProxy(ctx, p))
+		}
+
+		all, err := store.GetAllProxies(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, all, 3)
+
+		disconnected, err := store.DisconnectAllProxies(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(2), disconnected)
+
+		all, err = store.GetAllProxies(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, all, 3)
+
+		byID := make(map[string]*rpproxy.Proxy, len(all))
+		for _, p := range all {
+			byID[p.ID] = p
+		}
+
+		for id, p := range byID {
+			assert.Equal(t, rpproxy.StatusDisconnected, p.Status, "proxy %s should be disconnected", id)
+			require.NotNil(t, p.DisconnectedAt, "proxy %s should have disconnected_at set", id)
+		}
+
+		// force-marked rows carry a fresh disconnected_at; the untouched row keeps its original one
+		assert.WithinDuration(t, time.Now(), *byID["p-connected-fresh"].DisconnectedAt, 10*time.Second)
+		assert.WithinDuration(t, time.Now(), *byID["p-connected-stale"].DisconnectedAt, 10*time.Second)
+		assert.WithinDuration(t, oldDisconnectedAt, *byID["p-already-disconnected"].DisconnectedAt, time.Second)
+
+		// last_seen is preserved so the stale reaper schedule is unaffected
+		assert.WithinDuration(t, lastSeenFresh, byID["p-connected-fresh"].LastSeen, time.Second)
+		assert.WithinDuration(t, lastSeenStale, byID["p-connected-stale"].LastSeen, time.Second)
+
+		// idempotent: a second run has nothing left to update
+		disconnected, err = store.DisconnectAllProxies(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(0), disconnected)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSqlStore_UpdateProxyHeartbeatRestoresDisconnectedCurrentSession(t *testing.T) {
+	if (os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && runtime.GOOS == "darwin") || runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		proxy := &rpproxy.Proxy{
+			ID:             "p-heartbeat",
+			SessionID:      "sess-heartbeat",
+			ClusterAddress: "cluster-heartbeat.example.com",
+			IPAddress:      "10.0.0.10",
+			LastSeen:       time.Now().Add(-30 * time.Second),
+			Status:         rpproxy.StatusConnected,
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, store.SaveProxy(ctx, proxy))
+
+		disconnected, err := store.DisconnectAllProxies(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, int64(1), disconnected)
+
+		require.NoError(t, store.UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx, &rpproxy.Proxy{ID: proxy.ID, SessionID: proxy.SessionID}))
+
+		all, err := store.GetAllProxies(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, all, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, rpproxy.StatusConnected, all[0].Status)
+		assert.Nil(t, all[0].DisconnectedAt)
+		assert.WithinDuration(t, time.Now(), all[0].LastSeen, 10*time.Second)
+
+		addresses, err := store.GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, addresses, proxy.ClusterAddress)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestSqlStore_GetAllProxies_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	if (os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && runtime.GOOS == "darwin") || runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		all, err := store.GetAllProxies(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, all)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_service_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_service_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e14fbdab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_service_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+)
+
+func TestSqlStore_GetAccount_PrivateServiceRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && (runtime.GOOS == "darwin" || runtime.GOOS == "windows") {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		account := newAccountWithId(ctx, "account_private_svc", "testuser", "")
+		require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(ctx, account))
+
+		svc := &rpservice.Service{
+			ID:           "svc-private",
+			AccountID:    account.Id,
+			Name:         "private-svc",
+			Domain:       "private.example",
+			ProxyCluster: "cluster.example",
+			Enabled:      true,
+			Mode:         rpservice.ModeHTTP,
+			Private:      true,
+			AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"},
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, store.CreateService(ctx, svc))
+
+		loaded, err := store.GetAccount(ctx, account.Id)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, loaded.Services, 1)
+
+		got := loaded.Services[0]
+		assert.True(t, got.Private)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins", "grp-ops"}, got.AccessGroups)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestSqlStore_GetAccount_ServiceTargetOptionsRoundtrip guards the Postgres pgx
+// read path (getServices) against silently dropping columns present on the gorm
+// model. Before the fix these fields loaded correctly on SQLite but came back
+// zero-valued on Postgres because the hand-written SELECT and scan omitted them.
+func TestSqlStore_GetAccount_ServiceTargetOptionsRoundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("CI") == "true" && (runtime.GOOS == "darwin" || runtime.GOOS == "windows") {
+		t.Skip("skip CI tests on darwin and windows")
+	}
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		account := newAccountWithId(ctx, "account_svc_opts", "testuser", "")
+		require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(ctx, account))
+
+		renewedAt := time.Now().UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+		targetPath := "/api"
+		svc := &rpservice.Service{
+			ID:        "svc-opts",
+			AccountID: account.Id,
+			Name:      "opts-svc",
+			Domain:    "opts.example",
+			Enabled:   true,
+			Mode:      rpservice.ModeHTTP,
+			Restrictions: rpservice.AccessRestrictions{
+				AllowedCIDRs:     []string{"10.0.0.0/8"},
+				BlockedCountries: []string{"XX"},
+				CrowdSecMode:     "block",
+			},
+			Meta: rpservice.Meta{
+				LastRenewedAt: &renewedAt,
+			},
+			Targets: []*rpservice.Target{
+				{
+					AccountID:     account.Id,
+					ServiceID:     "svc-opts",
+					Path:          &targetPath,
+					Host:          "backend.internal",
+					Port:          8080,
+					Protocol:      "http",
+					TargetId:      "tgt-1",
+					Enabled:       true,
+					ProxyProtocol: true,
+					Options: rpservice.TargetOptions{
+						SkipTLSVerify:           true,
+						RequestTimeout:          30 * time.Second,
+						SessionIdleTimeout:      5 * time.Minute,
+						PathRewrite:             rpservice.PathRewritePreserve,
+						CustomHeaders:           map[string]string{"X-Foo": "bar"},
+						DirectUpstream:          true,
+						CaptureMaxRequestBytes:  1024,
+						CaptureMaxResponseBytes: 2048,
+						CaptureContentTypes:     []string{"application/json"},
+						AgentNetwork:            true,
+						DisableAccessLog:        true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, store.CreateService(ctx, svc))
+
+		loaded, err := store.GetAccount(ctx, account.Id)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, loaded.Services, 1)
+
+		got := loaded.Services[0]
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"10.0.0.0/8"}, got.Restrictions.AllowedCIDRs, "restrictions allowed CIDRs")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"XX"}, got.Restrictions.BlockedCountries, "restrictions blocked countries")
+		assert.Equal(t, "block", got.Restrictions.CrowdSecMode, "restrictions crowdsec mode")
+		require.NotNil(t, got.Meta.LastRenewedAt, "meta last renewed at")
+		assert.WithinDuration(t, renewedAt, *got.Meta.LastRenewedAt, time.Second, "meta last renewed at")
+
+		require.Len(t, got.Targets, 1)
+		tg := got.Targets[0]
+		assert.True(t, tg.ProxyProtocol, "target proxy protocol")
+		assert.True(t, tg.Options.SkipTLSVerify, "options skip TLS verify")
+		assert.Equal(t, 30*time.Second, tg.Options.RequestTimeout, "options request timeout")
+		assert.Equal(t, 5*time.Minute, tg.Options.SessionIdleTimeout, "options session idle timeout")
+		assert.Equal(t, rpservice.PathRewritePreserve, tg.Options.PathRewrite, "options path rewrite")
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]string{"X-Foo": "bar"}, tg.Options.CustomHeaders, "options custom headers")
+		assert.True(t, tg.Options.DirectUpstream, "options direct upstream")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(1024), tg.Options.CaptureMaxRequestBytes, "options capture max request bytes")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(2048), tg.Options.CaptureMaxResponseBytes, "options capture max response bytes")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"application/json"}, tg.Options.CaptureContentTypes, "options capture content types")
+		assert.True(t, tg.Options.AgentNetwork, "options agent network")
+		assert.True(t, tg.Options.DisableAccessLog, "options disable access log")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sql_store_test.go b/management/server/store/sql_store_test.go
index 5a5616abc..4b7bcf068 100644
--- a/management/server/store/sql_store_test.go
+++ b/management/server/store/sql_store_test.go
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ import (
 	b64 "encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"fmt"
-	"math/rand"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
+	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"sync"
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
 	nbroute "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/testing_helpers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/crypt"
 )
 
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ func runTestForAllEngines(t *testing.T, testDataFile string, f func(t *testing.T
 		}
 		t.Setenv("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE", string(engine))
 		store, cleanUp, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), testDataFile, t.TempDir())
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "engine: ", string(engine))
 		t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		t.Run(string(engine), func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -92,13 +94,14 @@ func runLargeTest(t *testing.T, store Store) {
 	account.SetupKeys[setupKey.Key] = setupKey
 	const numPerAccount = 6000
 	for n := 0; n < numPerAccount; n++ {
-		netIP := randomIPv4()
+		netIP := sequentialIPv4(n)
 		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("%s-peer-%d", account.Id, n)
+		addr, _ := netip.AddrFromSlice(netIP)
 
 		peer := &nbpeer.Peer{
 			ID:         peerID,
 			Key:        peerID,
-			IP:         netIP,
+			IP:         addr.Unmap(),
 			Name:       peerID,
 			DNSLabel:   peerID,
 			UserID:     "testuser",
@@ -215,12 +218,12 @@ func runLargeTest(t *testing.T, store Store) {
 	}
 }
 
-func randomIPv4() net.IP {
-	rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
+// sequentialIPv4 returns a unique IPv4 address for the given index, avoiding
+// the random collisions that would otherwise violate the unique (account_id, ip)
+// index when generating a large number of peers.
+func sequentialIPv4(n int) net.IP {
 	b := make([]byte, 4)
-	for i := range b {
-		b[i] = byte(rand.Intn(256))
-	}
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b, 0x0A000000+uint32(n))
 	return net.IP(b)
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +238,8 @@ func Test_SaveAccount(t *testing.T) {
 		account.SetupKeys[setupKey.Key] = setupKey
 		account.Peers["testpeer"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
 			Key:    "peerkey",
-			IP:     net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1},
+			IP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}),
+			IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 			Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 			Name:   "peer name",
 			Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
@@ -249,7 +253,8 @@ func Test_SaveAccount(t *testing.T) {
 		account2.SetupKeys[setupKey.Key] = setupKey
 		account2.Peers["testpeer2"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
 			Key:    "peerkey2",
-			IP:     net.IP{127, 0, 0, 2},
+			IP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 2}),
+			IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
 			Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 			Name:   "peer name 2",
 			Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
@@ -294,6 +299,53 @@ func Test_SaveAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func Test_AccountSettings_SaveAndRetrieve(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("The SQLite store is not properly supported by Windows yet")
+	}
+
+	populateFields := testing_helpers.NewPopulateFields().WithCustomFieldSetter(
+		reflect.PointerTo(reflect.TypeOf(types.ExtraSettings{})), func(this *testing_helpers.PopulateFields, field reflect.Value) (int, error) {
+			es := types.ExtraSettings{}
+			reflectedEs := reflect.ValueOf(&es).Elem()
+			n, err := this.PopulateAll(reflectedEs)
+			if err != nil {
+				return n, err
+			}
+			field.Set(reflectedEs.Addr())
+			return n, nil
+		}).WithCustomFieldSetter(
+		reflect.PointerTo(reflect.TypeOf(types.DashboardFeatures{})), func(this *testing_helpers.PopulateFields, field reflect.Value) (int, error) {
+			t := true
+			df := types.DashboardFeatures{AgentNetwork: &t}
+			reflectedDf := reflect.ValueOf(&df).Elem()
+			field.Set(reflectedDf.Addr())
+			return 1, nil
+		}).WithSkippedTag("gorm", "-")
+
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		account := newAccountWithId(context.Background(), "account_id", "testuser", "")
+		setupKey, _ := types.GenerateDefaultSetupKey()
+		account.SetupKeys[setupKey.Key] = setupKey
+
+		settings := types.Settings{}
+		numOfExportedFields, err := populateFields.PopulateAll(reflect.ValueOf(&settings).Elem())
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 27, numOfExportedFields)
+		account.Settings = &settings
+
+		err = store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		accountFromDb, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), account.Id)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.NotNil(t, accountFromDb)
+		assert.NotNil(t, accountFromDb.Settings)
+
+		assert.True(t, reflect.DeepEqual(&settings, accountFromDb.Settings), "created settings and settings retrieved from the db should match")
+	})
+}
+
 func TestSqlite_DeleteAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("The SQLite store is not properly supported by Windows yet")
@@ -316,7 +368,8 @@ func TestSqlite_DeleteAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	account.SetupKeys[setupKey.Key] = setupKey
 	account.Peers["testpeer"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:    "peerkey",
-		IP:     net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1},
+		IP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}),
+		IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 		Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 		Name:   "peer name",
 		Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
@@ -487,53 +540,82 @@ func Test_GetAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+// TestSqlStore_GetPeerByIP_NotFound pins the not-found semantics the
+// proxy's ValidateTunnelPeer relies on: a tunnel-IP that isn't in the
+// account roster must surface as a NotFound error (not a generic
+// Internal) so callers can distinguish an expected miss from a real
+// store failure. A known IP still resolves.
+func TestSqlStore_GetPeerByIP_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "../testdata/store.sql", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		const accountID = "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b"
+
+		peer, err := store.GetPeerByIP(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, accountID, net.ParseIP("192.168.0.0"))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "known tunnel IP must resolve")
+		require.NotNil(t, peer)
+
+		_, err = store.GetPeerByIP(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, accountID, net.ParseIP("100.65.0.99"))
+		require.Error(t, err, "unknown tunnel IP must error")
+		parsedErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
+		require.True(t, ok, "error must be a status error")
+		require.Equal(t, status.NotFound, parsedErr.Type(), "tunnel-IP miss must be NotFound, not Internal")
+	})
+}
+
 func TestSqlStore_SavePeer(t *testing.T) {
-	store, cleanUp, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
-	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	populateFields := testing_helpers.NewPopulateFields()
 
-	account, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	runTestForAllEngines(t, "../testdata/store.sql", func(t *testing.T, store Store) {
+		account, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	// save status of non-existing peer
-	peer := &nbpeer.Peer{
-		Key:       "peerkey",
-		ID:        "testpeer",
-		IP:        net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1},
-		Meta:      nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "testingpeer"},
-		Name:      "peer name",
-		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
-		CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
-	}
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	err = store.SavePeer(ctx, account.Id, peer)
-	assert.Error(t, err)
-	parsedErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
-	require.True(t, ok)
-	require.Equal(t, status.NotFound, parsedErr.Type(), "should return not found error")
+		metadata := nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{}
+		reflectedMetadata := reflect.ValueOf(&metadata).Elem()
 
-	// save new status of existing peer
-	account.Peers[peer.ID] = peer
+		numOfFields, err := populateFields.PopulateAll(reflectedMetadata)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, 33, numOfFields)
 
-	err = store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+		// save status of non-existing peer
+		peer := &nbpeer.Peer{
+			Key:       "peerkey",
+			ID:        "testpeer",
+			IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}),
+			IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+			Meta:      metadata, //nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: "testingpeer"},
+			Name:      "peer name",
+			Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		err = store.SavePeer(ctx, account.Id, peer)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		parsedErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.Equal(t, status.NotFound, parsedErr.Type(), "should return not found error")
 
-	updatedPeer := peer.Copy()
-	updatedPeer.Status.Connected = false
-	updatedPeer.Meta.Hostname = "updatedpeer"
+		// save new status of existing peer
+		account.Peers[peer.ID] = peer
 
-	err = store.SavePeer(ctx, account.Id, updatedPeer)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+		err = store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	account, err = store.GetAccount(context.Background(), account.Id)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+		updatedPeer := peer.Copy()
+		updatedPeer.Status.Connected = false
+		updatedPeer.Meta.Hostname = "updatedpeer"
 
-	actual := account.Peers[peer.ID]
-	assert.Equal(t, updatedPeer.Meta, actual.Meta)
-	assert.Equal(t, updatedPeer.Status.Connected, actual.Status.Connected)
-	assert.Equal(t, updatedPeer.Status.LoginExpired, actual.Status.LoginExpired)
-	assert.Equal(t, updatedPeer.Status.RequiresApproval, actual.Status.RequiresApproval)
-	assert.WithinDurationf(t, updatedPeer.Status.LastSeen, actual.Status.LastSeen.UTC(), time.Millisecond, "LastSeen should be equal")
+		err = store.SavePeer(ctx, account.Id, updatedPeer)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		account, err = store.GetAccount(context.Background(), account.Id)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		actual := account.Peers[peer.ID]
+		assert.Equal(t, updatedPeer.Meta, actual.Meta)
+		assert.Equal(t, updatedPeer.Status.Connected, actual.Status.Connected)
+		assert.Equal(t, updatedPeer.Status.LoginExpired, actual.Status.LoginExpired)
+		assert.Equal(t, updatedPeer.Status.RequiresApproval, actual.Status.RequiresApproval)
+		assert.WithinDurationf(t, updatedPeer.Status.LastSeen, actual.Status.LastSeen.UTC(), time.Millisecond, "LastSeen should be equal")
+	})
 }
 
 func TestSqlStore_SavePeerStatus(t *testing.T) {
@@ -556,7 +638,8 @@ func TestSqlStore_SavePeerStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	account.Peers["testpeer"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:    "peerkey",
 		ID:     "testpeer",
-		IP:     net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1},
+		IP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}),
+		IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 		Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 		Name:   "peer name",
 		Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
@@ -592,56 +675,6 @@ func TestSqlStore_SavePeerStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.WithinDurationf(t, newStatus.LastSeen, actual.LastSeen.UTC(), time.Millisecond, "LastSeen should be equal")
 }
 
-func TestSqlStore_SavePeerLocation(t *testing.T) {
-	store, cleanUp, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
-	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-	account, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	peer := &nbpeer.Peer{
-		AccountID: account.Id,
-		ID:        "testpeer",
-		Location: nbpeer.Location{
-			ConnectionIP: net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"),
-			CountryCode:  "YY",
-			CityName:     "City",
-			GeoNameID:    1,
-		},
-		CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
-		Meta:      nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
-	}
-	// error is expected as peer is not in store yet
-	err = store.SavePeerLocation(context.Background(), account.Id, peer)
-	assert.Error(t, err)
-
-	account.Peers[peer.ID] = peer
-	err = store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	peer.Location.ConnectionIP = net.ParseIP("35.1.1.1")
-	peer.Location.CountryCode = "DE"
-	peer.Location.CityName = "Berlin"
-	peer.Location.GeoNameID = 2950159
-
-	err = store.SavePeerLocation(context.Background(), account.Id, account.Peers[peer.ID])
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-
-	account, err = store.GetAccount(context.Background(), account.Id)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	actual := account.Peers[peer.ID].Location
-	assert.Equal(t, peer.Location, actual)
-
-	peer.ID = "non-existing-peer"
-	err = store.SavePeerLocation(context.Background(), account.Id, peer)
-	assert.Error(t, err)
-	parsedErr, ok := status.FromError(err)
-	require.True(t, ok)
-	require.Equal(t, status.NotFound, parsedErr.Type(), "should return not found error")
-}
-
 func Test_TestGetAccountByPrivateDomain(t *testing.T) {
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
 		t.Skip("The SQLite store is not properly supported by Windows yet")
@@ -784,7 +817,8 @@ func newAccount(store Store, id int) error {
 	account.SetupKeys[setupKey.Key] = setupKey
 	account.Peers["p"+str] = &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:    "peerkey" + str,
-		IP:     net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1},
+		IP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}),
+		IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 		Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 		Name:   "peer name",
 		Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
@@ -823,7 +857,8 @@ func TestPostgresql_SaveAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	account.SetupKeys[setupKey.Key] = setupKey
 	account.Peers["testpeer"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:    "peerkey",
-		IP:     net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1},
+		IP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}),
+		IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 		Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 		Name:   "peer name",
 		Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
@@ -837,7 +872,8 @@ func TestPostgresql_SaveAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	account2.SetupKeys[setupKey.Key] = setupKey
 	account2.Peers["testpeer2"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:    "peerkey2",
-		IP:     net.IP{127, 0, 0, 2},
+		IP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 2}),
+		IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
 		Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 		Name:   "peer name 2",
 		Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
@@ -903,7 +939,8 @@ func TestPostgresql_DeleteAccount(t *testing.T) {
 	account.SetupKeys[setupKey.Key] = setupKey
 	account.Peers["testpeer"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:    "peerkey",
-		IP:     net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1},
+		IP:     netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{127, 0, 0, 1}),
+		IPv6:   netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 		Meta:   nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{},
 		Name:   "peer name",
 		Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now().UTC()},
@@ -1010,37 +1047,39 @@ func TestSqlite_GetTakenIPs(t *testing.T) {
 
 	takenIPs, err := store.GetTakenIPs(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, existingAccountID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, []net.IP{}, takenIPs)
+	assert.Equal(t, []netip.Addr{}, takenIPs)
 
 	peer1 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		ID:        "peer1",
 		AccountID: existingAccountID,
 		Key:       "key1",
 		DNSLabel:  "peer1",
-		IP:        net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1},
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1:1:1:1"),
 	}
 	err = store.AddPeerToAccount(context.Background(), peer1)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	takenIPs, err = store.GetTakenIPs(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, existingAccountID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	ip1 := net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1}.To16()
-	assert.Equal(t, []net.IP{ip1}, takenIPs)
+	ip1 := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1})
+	assert.Equal(t, []netip.Addr{ip1}, takenIPs)
 
 	peer2 := &nbpeer.Peer{
 		ID:        "peer1second",
 		AccountID: existingAccountID,
 		Key:       "key2",
 		DNSLabel:  "peer1-1",
-		IP:        net.IP{2, 2, 2, 2},
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{2, 2, 2, 2}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2:2:2:2"),
 	}
 	err = store.AddPeerToAccount(context.Background(), peer2)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	takenIPs, err = store.GetTakenIPs(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, existingAccountID)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	ip2 := net.IP{2, 2, 2, 2}.To16()
-	assert.Equal(t, []net.IP{ip1, ip2}, takenIPs)
+	ip2 := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{2, 2, 2, 2})
+	assert.Equal(t, []netip.Addr{ip1, ip2}, takenIPs)
 }
 
 func TestSqlite_GetPeerLabelsInAccount(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1060,7 +1099,8 @@ func TestSqlite_GetPeerLabelsInAccount(t *testing.T) {
 			AccountID: existingAccountID,
 			Key:       "key1",
 			DNSLabel:  "peer1",
-			IP:        net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1},
+			IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}),
+			IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1:1:1:1"),
 		}
 		err = store.AddPeerToAccount(context.Background(), peer1)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1074,7 +1114,8 @@ func TestSqlite_GetPeerLabelsInAccount(t *testing.T) {
 			AccountID: existingAccountID,
 			Key:       "key2",
 			DNSLabel:  "peer1-1",
-			IP:        net.IP{2, 2, 2, 2},
+			IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{2, 2, 2, 2}),
+			IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2:2:2:2"),
 		}
 		err = store.AddPeerToAccount(context.Background(), peer2)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1127,7 +1168,8 @@ func Test_AddPeerWithSameIP(t *testing.T) {
 			ID:        "peer1",
 			AccountID: existingAccountID,
 			Key:       "key1",
-			IP:        net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1},
+			IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}),
+			IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1:1:1:1"),
 		}
 		err = store.AddPeerToAccount(context.Background(), peer1)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -1136,7 +1178,8 @@ func Test_AddPeerWithSameIP(t *testing.T) {
 			ID:        "peer1second",
 			AccountID: existingAccountID,
 			Key:       "key2",
-			IP:        net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1},
+			IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}),
+			IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2:2:2:2"),
 		}
 		err = store.AddPeerToAccount(context.Background(), peer2)
 		require.Error(t, err)
@@ -1259,6 +1302,61 @@ func TestSqlite_CreateAndGetObjectInTransaction(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 }
 
+func TestSqlStore_SaveAccountPersistsAgentNetworkOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	accountID := "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b"
+	account, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, account.Settings.AgentNetworkOnly, "setting should default to false")
+
+	account.Settings.AgentNetworkOnly = true
+	require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account))
+
+	reloaded, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, reloaded.Settings.AgentNetworkOnly, "setting should survive a save/load round-trip")
+
+	reloaded.Settings.AgentNetworkOnly = false
+	require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), reloaded))
+
+	disabled, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.False(t, disabled.Settings.AgentNetworkOnly, "disabling should persist")
+}
+
+func TestSqlStore_SaveAccountPersistsDashboardFeatures(t *testing.T) {
+	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	accountID := "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b"
+	account, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Nil(t, account.Settings.DashboardFeatures, "dashboard features should default to unset")
+
+	agentNetwork := true
+	account.Settings.DashboardFeatures = &types.DashboardFeatures{AgentNetwork: &agentNetwork}
+	require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account))
+
+	reloaded, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, reloaded.Settings.DashboardFeatures, "dashboard features should survive a save/load round-trip")
+	require.NotNil(t, reloaded.Settings.DashboardFeatures.AgentNetwork, "agent network flag should be set")
+	require.True(t, *reloaded.Settings.DashboardFeatures.AgentNetwork, "agent network flag should persist as true")
+
+	disabled := false
+	reloaded.Settings.DashboardFeatures = &types.DashboardFeatures{AgentNetwork: &disabled}
+	require.NoError(t, store.SaveAccount(context.Background(), reloaded))
+
+	reloadedDisabled, err := store.GetAccount(context.Background(), accountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, reloadedDisabled.Settings.DashboardFeatures.AgentNetwork, "agent network flag should remain set")
+	require.False(t, *reloadedDisabled.Settings.DashboardFeatures.AgentNetwork, "explicit false should persist")
+}
+
 func TestSqlStore_GetAccountUsers(t *testing.T) {
 	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/extended-store.sql", t.TempDir())
 	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
@@ -2383,7 +2481,7 @@ func TestSqlStore_GetNetworkRouterByID(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func TestSqlStore_SaveNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
+func TestSqlStore_CreateNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
 	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -2394,7 +2492,7 @@ func TestSqlStore_SaveNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	netRouter, err := routerTypes.NewNetworkRouter(accountID, networkID, "", []string{"net-router-grp"}, true, 0, true)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	err = store.SaveNetworkRouter(context.Background(), netRouter)
+	err = store.CreateNetworkRouter(context.Background(), netRouter)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	savedNetRouter, err := store.GetNetworkRouterByID(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, accountID, netRouter.ID)
@@ -2402,6 +2500,39 @@ func TestSqlStore_SaveNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, netRouter, savedNetRouter)
 }
 
+func TestSqlStore_UpdateNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
+	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	accountID := "bf1c8084-ba50-4ce7-9439-34653001fc3b"
+	networkID := "ct286bi7qv930dsrrug0"
+	routerID := "ctc20ji7qv9ck2sebc80"
+
+	netRouter := &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID:         routerID,
+		AccountID:  accountID,
+		NetworkID:  networkID,
+		Peer:       "",
+		PeerGroups: []string{"net-router-grp"},
+		Masquerade: true,
+		Metric:     42,
+		Enabled:    true,
+	}
+
+	err = store.UpdateNetworkRouter(context.Background(), netRouter)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	savedNetRouter, err := store.GetNetworkRouterByID(context.Background(), LockingStrengthNone, accountID, routerID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, netRouter, savedNetRouter)
+
+	// Updating a router under a different account must not match any row.
+	netRouter.AccountID = "non-existent-account"
+	err = store.UpdateNetworkRouter(context.Background(), netRouter)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
 func TestSqlStore_DeleteNetworkRouter(t *testing.T) {
 	store, cleanup, err := NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "../testdata/store.sql", t.TempDir())
 	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
@@ -2640,7 +2771,8 @@ func TestSqlStore_AddPeerToAccount(t *testing.T) {
 		ID:        "peer1",
 		AccountID: accountID,
 		Key:       "key",
-		IP:        net.IP{1, 1, 1, 1},
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{1, 1, 1, 1}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1:1:1:1"),
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
 			Hostname:  "hostname",
 			GoOS:      "linux",
@@ -3815,10 +3947,10 @@ func BenchmarkGetAccountPeers(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }
 
-func intToIPv4(n uint32) net.IP {
-	ip := make(net.IP, 4)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(ip, n)
-	return ip
+func intToIPv4(n uint32) netip.Addr {
+	var b [4]byte
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[:], n)
+	return netip.AddrFrom4(b)
 }
 
 func TestSqlStore_GetPeersByGroupIDs(t *testing.T) {
@@ -3945,7 +4077,8 @@ func TestSqlStore_GetUserIDByPeerKey(t *testing.T) {
 		Key:       peerKey,
 		AccountID: existingAccountID,
 		UserID:    userID,
-		IP:        net.IP{10, 0, 0, 1},
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{10, 0, 0, 1}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:1"),
 		DNSLabel:  "test-peer-1",
 	}
 
@@ -3982,7 +4115,8 @@ func TestSqlStore_GetUserIDByPeerKey_NoUserID(t *testing.T) {
 		Key:       peerKey,
 		AccountID: existingAccountID,
 		UserID:    "",
-		IP:        net.IP{10, 0, 0, 1},
+		IP:        netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{10, 0, 0, 1}),
+		IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:1"),
 		DNSLabel:  "test-peer-1",
 	}
 
@@ -4009,7 +4143,8 @@ func TestSqlStore_ApproveAccountPeers(t *testing.T) {
 				AccountID: accountID,
 				DNSLabel:  "peer1.netbird.cloud",
 				Key:       "peer1-key",
-				IP:        net.ParseIP("100.64.0.1"),
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+				IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
 					RequiresApproval: true,
 					LastSeen:         time.Now().UTC(),
@@ -4020,7 +4155,8 @@ func TestSqlStore_ApproveAccountPeers(t *testing.T) {
 				AccountID: accountID,
 				DNSLabel:  "peer2.netbird.cloud",
 				Key:       "peer2-key",
-				IP:        net.ParseIP("100.64.0.2"),
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2"),
+				IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
 					RequiresApproval: true,
 					LastSeen:         time.Now().UTC(),
@@ -4031,7 +4167,8 @@ func TestSqlStore_ApproveAccountPeers(t *testing.T) {
 				AccountID: accountID,
 				DNSLabel:  "peer3.netbird.cloud",
 				Key:       "peer3-key",
-				IP:        net.ParseIP("100.64.0.3"),
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.3"),
+				IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3"),
 				Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{
 					RequiresApproval: false,
 					LastSeen:         time.Now().UTC(),
@@ -4570,3 +4707,55 @@ func TestSqlStore_DeleteZoneDNSRecords(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, len(remainingRecords))
 }
+
+// TestNewSqliteStore_BusyTimeoutApplied opens a fresh SQLite store and verifies
+// that the _busy_timeout DSN parameter took effect at the driver level. Without
+// this, lock contention on the single SQLite connection waits indefinitely on
+// the Go side and can be hidden behind the 5-minute transactionTimeout.
+func TestNewSqliteStore_BusyTimeoutApplied(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	store, err := NewSqliteStore(context.Background(), dir, nil, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = store.Close(context.Background())
+	})
+
+	sqlDB, err := store.db.DB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	row := sqlDB.QueryRow("PRAGMA busy_timeout")
+	var busyTimeout int
+	require.NoError(t, row.Scan(&busyTimeout))
+	assert.Equal(t, 30000, busyTimeout, "SQLite busy_timeout must be set via DSN so it survives connection recycling")
+}
+
+// TestNewSqliteStore_BusyTimeoutRespectsUserOverride confirms that an operator
+// passing _busy_timeout or its mattn alias _timeout via NB_STORE_ENGINE_SQLITE_FILE
+// wins over our 30s default. This guards the DSN merge logic in NewSqliteStore.
+func TestNewSqliteStore_BusyTimeoutRespectsUserOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		envFile  string
+		expected int
+	}{
+		{name: "explicit _busy_timeout wins", envFile: "store.db?_busy_timeout=5000", expected: 5000},
+		{name: "alias _timeout wins", envFile: "store.db?_timeout=7000", expected: 7000},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_SQLITE_FILE", tc.envFile)
+			dir := t.TempDir()
+			store, err := NewSqliteStore(context.Background(), dir, nil, true)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			t.Cleanup(func() {
+				_ = store.Close(context.Background())
+			})
+
+			sqlDB, err := store.db.DB()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			row := sqlDB.QueryRow("PRAGMA busy_timeout")
+			var busyTimeout int
+			require.NoError(t, row.Scan(&busyTimeout))
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, busyTimeout)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/store/sqlstore_bench_test.go b/management/server/store/sqlstore_bench_test.go
index 81c4b33ae..a38b4a8c1 100644
--- a/management/server/store/sqlstore_bench_test.go
+++ b/management/server/store/sqlstore_bench_test.go
@@ -344,7 +344,8 @@ func setupBenchmarkDB(b testing.TB) (*SqlStore, func(), string) {
 			ID:        fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i),
 			AccountID: accountID,
 			Key:       fmt.Sprintf("peerkey-%d", i),
-			IP:        net.ParseIP(fmt.Sprintf("100.64.0.%d", i+1)),
+			IP:        netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("100.64.0.%d", i+1)),
+			IPv6:      netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("fd00::%d", i+1)),
 			Name:      fmt.Sprintf("peer-name-%d", i),
 			Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: i%2 == 0, LastSeen: time.Now()},
 		})
diff --git a/management/server/store/store.go b/management/server/store/store.go
index 0207ea555..aa9ca5061 100644
--- a/management/server/store/store.go
+++ b/management/server/store/store.go
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package store
 
-//go:generate go run github.com/golang/mock/mockgen -package store -destination=store_mock.go -source=./store.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//go:generate go tool mockgen -package store -destination=store_mock.go -source=./store.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
 
 import (
 	"context"
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/crypt"
 
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/migration"
 	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
 	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
@@ -114,6 +115,9 @@ type Store interface {
 
 	GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, hashedToken types.HashedProxyToken) (*types.ProxyAccessToken, error)
 	GetAllProxyAccessTokens(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*types.ProxyAccessToken, error)
+	GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types.ProxyAccessToken, error)
+	GetProxyAccessTokenByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, tokenID string) (*types.ProxyAccessToken, error)
+	IsProxyAccessTokenValid(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) (bool, error)
 	SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token *types.ProxyAccessToken) error
 	RevokeProxyAccessToken(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) error
 	MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) error
@@ -159,12 +163,37 @@ type Store interface {
 	GetPeerByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, peerID string) (*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	GetPeersByIDs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, peerIDs []string) (map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupIDs []string) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, error)
+	GetPeerIDsByGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupIDs []string) ([]string, error)
+	GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) ([]string, error)
+	GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (map[string][]string, error)
 	GetAccountPeersWithExpiration(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	GetAccountPeersWithInactivity(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	GetAllEphemeralPeers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, error)
 	SavePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) error
 	SavePeerStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, status nbpeer.PeerStatus) error
-	SavePeerLocation(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *nbpeer.Peer) error
+	// MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession sets the peer to connected with the
+	// given session token, but only when the stored SessionStartedAt is
+	// strictly less than newSessionStartedAt (the sentinel zero counts as
+	// "older"). LastSeen is recorded by the database at the moment the
+	// row is updated — never by the caller — so it always reflects the
+	// real write time even under lock contention.
+	// Returns true when the update happened, false when this stream lost
+	// the race against a newer session.
+	MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, newSessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error)
+	// RefreshPeerLastSeen records that a peer was just seen, stamping the
+	// database clock like the other status writers. Connected and
+	// SessionStartedAt are left alone, so this never interferes with the
+	// session-ownership protocol MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession implements.
+	// The write only lands when the stored LastSeen is older than
+	// staleBefore, which keeps a caller's throttle atomic under concurrent
+	// requests for the same peer. Returns true when the update happened.
+	RefreshPeerLastSeen(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, staleBefore time.Time) (bool, error)
+	// MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession sets the peer to disconnected and
+	// resets SessionStartedAt to zero, but only when the stored
+	// SessionStartedAt equals the given sessionStartedAt. LastSeen is
+	// recorded by the database. Returns true when the update happened,
+	// false when a newer session has taken over.
+	MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, sessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error)
 	ApproveAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int, error)
 	DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerID string) error
 
@@ -185,7 +214,7 @@ type Store interface {
 	SaveNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, nameServerGroup *dns.NameServerGroup) error
 	DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, nameServerGroupID string) error
 
-	GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountId string) ([]net.IP, error)
+	GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountId string) ([]netip.Addr, error)
 	IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx context.Context, accountId string) error
 	GetAccountNetwork(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountId string) (*types.Network, error)
 
@@ -210,7 +239,8 @@ type Store interface {
 	GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, netID string) ([]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, error)
 	GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, error)
 	GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, routerID string) (*routerTypes.NetworkRouter, error)
-	SaveNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error
+	CreateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error
+	UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) error
 	DeleteNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, routerID string) error
 
 	GetNetworkResourcesByNetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, netID string) ([]*resourceTypes.NetworkResource, error)
@@ -225,6 +255,7 @@ type Store interface {
 	IsPrimaryAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (bool, string, error)
 	MarkAccountPrimary(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error
 	UpdateAccountNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ipNet net.IPNet) error
+	UpdateAccountNetworkV6(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ipNet net.IPNet) error
 	GetPolicyRulesByResourceID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, peerID string) ([]*types.PolicyRule, error)
 
 	// SetFieldEncrypt sets the field encryptor for encrypting sensitive user data.
@@ -271,6 +302,7 @@ type Store interface {
 	GetCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, domainID string) (*domain.Domain, error)
 	ListFreeDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
 	ListCustomDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*domain.Domain, error)
+	GetCustomDomainByName(ctx context.Context, domainName string) (*domain.Domain, error)
 	CreateCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, domainName string, targetCluster string, validated bool) (*domain.Domain, error)
 	UpdateCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, d *domain.Domain) (*domain.Domain, error)
 	DeleteCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, domainID string) error
@@ -278,28 +310,135 @@ type Store interface {
 	CreateAccessLog(ctx context.Context, log *accesslogs.AccessLogEntry) error
 	GetAccountAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter accesslogs.AccessLogFilter) ([]*accesslogs.AccessLogEntry, int64, error)
 	DeleteOldAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, olderThan time.Time) (int64, error)
+	CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx context.Context, entry *agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog, groups []agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup) error
+	CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx context.Context, usage *agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage, groups []agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsageGroup) error
+	GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog, int64, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, int64, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage, error)
+	DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, olderThan time.Time) (int64, error)
 	GetServiceTargetByTargetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, targetID string) (*rpservice.Target, error)
 	GetTargetsByServiceID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, serviceID string) ([]*rpservice.Target, error)
 	DeleteTarget(ctx context.Context, accountID string, serviceID string, targetID uint) error
 	DeleteServiceTargets(ctx context.Context, accountID string, serviceID string) error
 
 	SaveProxy(ctx context.Context, proxy *proxy.Proxy) error
-	UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string) error
+	DisconnectProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error
+	UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error
 	GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error)
-	GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx context.Context) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
+	GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error)
+	GetProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error)
 	GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
+	GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool
 	CleanupStaleProxies(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration time.Duration) error
+	GetAllProxies(ctx context.Context) ([]*proxy.Proxy, error)
+	DisconnectAllProxies(ctx context.Context) (int64, error)
+	GetProxyByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error)
+	CountProxiesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error)
+	IsClusterAddressConflicting(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error)
+	HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress string) (bool, error)
+	DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error
 
 	GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx context.Context) (total int64, validated int64, err error)
 
+	// GetProxyMetrics returns aggregated proxy / cluster counts for the
+	// self-hosted metrics worker. Self-hosted only — file-based stores
+	// return a zero-valued struct.
+	GetProxyMetrics(ctx context.Context) (ProxyMetrics, error)
+
+	// GetAgentNetworkMetrics returns aggregated agent-network adoption + usage
+	// counts for the self-hosted metrics worker. Self-hosted only — file-based
+	// stores return a zero-valued struct.
+	GetAgentNetworkMetrics(ctx context.Context) (AgentNetworkMetrics, error)
+
 	GetRoutingPeerNetworks(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) ([]string, error)
+
+	// Agent Network persistence (providers, policies, guardrails, settings).
+	GetAllAgentNetworkProviders(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Provider, error)
+	GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Provider, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, providerID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Provider, error)
+	SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx context.Context, provider *agentNetworkTypes.Provider) error
+	DeleteAgentNetworkProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, providerID string) error
+	GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Policy, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, policyID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Policy, error)
+	SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *agentNetworkTypes.Policy) error
+	DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, policyID string) error
+	GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, guardrailID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail, error)
+	SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx context.Context, guardrail *agentNetworkTypes.Guardrail) error
+	DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx context.Context, accountID, guardrailID string) error
+	GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Settings, error)
+	GetAllAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Settings, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, proxyAddress string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Settings, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, domain string) (*agentNetworkTypes.Settings, error)
+	CreateAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *agentNetworkTypes.Settings) error
+	SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *agentNetworkTypes.Settings) error
+	DeleteAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error
+	IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx context.Context, accountID string, kind agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionDimension, dimID string, windowSeconds int64, windowStart time.Time, tokensIn, tokensOut int64, costUSD float64) error
+	IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx context.Context, accountID string, keys []agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionKey, tokensIn, tokensOut int64, costUSD float64) error
+	GetAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, kind agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionDimension, dimID string, windowSeconds int64, windowStart time.Time) (*agentNetworkTypes.Consumption, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, keys []agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionKey) (map[agentNetworkTypes.ConsumptionKey]*agentNetworkTypes.Consumption, error)
+	ListAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.Consumption, error)
+	GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule, error)
+	GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, ruleID string) (*agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule, error)
+	SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, rule *agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule) error
+	DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, accountID, ruleID string) error
+}
+
+// ProxyMetrics aggregates self-hosted proxy + cluster usage signals
+// surfaced to the telemetry payload. Each field is best-effort: when a
+// store cannot answer (e.g. FileStore) all fields are zero.
+type ProxyMetrics struct {
+	// Clusters counts distinct cluster_address values across the proxies
+	// table — every cluster the management server has heard from, online or not.
+	Clusters int64
+	// ClustersBYOP counts distinct cluster_address values that are owned
+	// by an account (account_id IS NOT NULL). These are bring-your-own-proxy
+	// installations as opposed to NetBird-operated shared clusters.
+	ClustersBYOP int64
+	// ClustersPrivate counts distinct cluster_address values where at
+	// least one proxy reported the private capability (embedded
+	// `netbird proxy` running inside a client).
+	ClustersPrivate int64
+	// Proxies is the total number of proxy rows currently persisted.
+	Proxies int64
+	// ProxiesConnected is the subset of proxies whose status is
+	// "connected" AND last_seen falls within the active heartbeat window
+	// (~2 * heartbeat interval). Proxies the controller hasn't pruned
+	// yet but that are visibly stale don't count.
+	ProxiesConnected int64
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkMetrics aggregates self-hosted agent-network adoption + usage
+// signals surfaced to the telemetry payload. Each field is best-effort: when a
+// store cannot answer (e.g. FileStore) all fields are zero.
+type AgentNetworkMetrics struct {
+	// Accounts is the number of distinct accounts with at least one provider
+	// configured (agent-network adoption).
+	Accounts int64
+	// Providers is the total number of configured providers across all accounts.
+	Providers int64
+	// Policies is the total number of agent-network policies across all accounts.
+	Policies int64
+	// BudgetRules is the total number of account-level budget rules ("budget
+	// limits") across all accounts.
+	BudgetRules int64
+	// LogCollectionEnabled is the number of accounts that have agent-network
+	// log collection turned on.
+	LogCollectionEnabled int64
+	// InputTokens / OutputTokens / CostUSD are summed over the always-collected
+	// per-request usage ledger (agent_network_request_usage), independent of the
+	// log-collection toggle. They reflect total metered LLM usage served through
+	// agent networks.
+	InputTokens  int64
+	OutputTokens int64
+	CostUSD      float64
 }
 
 const (
-	postgresDsnEnv       = "NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN"
-	postgresDsnEnvLegacy = "NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN"
+	PostgresDsnEnv       = "NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN"
+	PostgresDsnEnvLegacy = "NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN"
 	mysqlDsnEnv          = "NB_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN"
 	mysqlDsnEnvLegacy    = "NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_MYSQL_DSN"
 )
@@ -446,6 +585,9 @@ func getMigrationsPreAuto(ctx context.Context) []migrationFunc {
 		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
 			return migration.MigrateNewField[types.User](ctx, db, "email", "")
 		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.MigrateNewField[nbpeer.Peer](ctx, db, "peer_status_session_started_at", int64(0))
+		},
 		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
 			return migration.RemoveDuplicatePeerKeys(ctx, db)
 		},
@@ -455,6 +597,33 @@ func getMigrationsPreAuto(ctx context.Context) []migrationFunc {
 		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
 			return migration.CleanupOrphanedResources[domain.Domain, types.Account](ctx, db, "account_id")
 		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.BackfillPublicIDs[types.Policy](ctx, db)
+		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.BackfillPublicIDs[types.Group](ctx, db)
+		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.BackfillPublicIDs[route.Route](ctx, db)
+		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.BackfillPublicIDs[resourceTypes.NetworkResource](ctx, db)
+		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.BackfillPublicIDs[routerTypes.NetworkRouter](ctx, db)
+		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.BackfillPublicIDs[dns.NameServerGroup](ctx, db)
+		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.BackfillPublicIDs[networkTypes.Network](ctx, db)
+		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.BackfillPublicIDs[posture.Checks](ctx, db)
+		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.MigrateAgentNetworkSettingsToDomain(ctx, db)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -494,6 +663,17 @@ func getMigrationsPostAuto(ctx context.Context) []migrationFunc {
 		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
 			return migration.CreateIndexIfNotExists[nbpeer.Peer](ctx, db, "idx_peers_key_unique", "key")
 		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.DropIndex[proxy.Proxy](ctx, db, "idx_proxy_account_id_unique")
+		},
+		// Post-auto so the per-bucket cost columns already exist when the legacy
+		// aggregates are folded into them and dropped.
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.FoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets[agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkAccessLog](ctx, db)
+		},
+		func(db *gorm.DB) error {
+			return migration.FoldCostAggregatesIntoBuckets[agentNetworkTypes.AgentNetworkUsage](ctx, db)
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -602,7 +782,7 @@ func getSqlStoreEngine(ctx context.Context, store *SqlStore, kind types.Engine)
 }
 
 func newReusedPostgresStore(ctx context.Context, store *SqlStore, kind types.Engine) (*SqlStore, func(), error) {
-	dsn, ok := lookupDSNEnv(postgresDsnEnv, postgresDsnEnvLegacy)
+	dsn, ok := lookupDSNEnv(PostgresDsnEnv, PostgresDsnEnvLegacy)
 	if !ok || dsn == "" {
 		var err error
 		_, dsn, err = testutil.CreatePostgresTestContainer()
@@ -612,7 +792,7 @@ func newReusedPostgresStore(ctx context.Context, store *SqlStore, kind types.Eng
 	}
 
 	if dsn == "" {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not set", postgresDsnEnv)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not set", PostgresDsnEnv)
 	}
 
 	db, err := openDBWithRetry(dsn, kind, 5)
diff --git a/management/server/store/store_mock.go b/management/server/store/store_mock.go
index 976e3088d..26dbd8d99 100644
--- a/management/server/store/store_mock.go
+++ b/management/server/store/store_mock.go
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 // Code generated by MockGen. DO NOT EDIT.
 // Source: ./store.go
+//
+// Generated by this command:
+//
+//	mockgen -package store -destination=store_mock.go -source=./store.go -build_flags=-mod=mod
+//
 
 // Package store is a generated GoMock package.
 package store
@@ -7,31 +12,34 @@ package store
 import (
 	context "context"
 	net "net"
+	netip "net/netip"
 	reflect "reflect"
 	time "time"
 
-	gomock "github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	dns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
 	accesslogs "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/accesslogs"
 	domain "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain"
 	proxy "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy"
 	service "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	zones "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
 	records "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
-	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
-	types0 "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
-	types1 "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
+	types0 "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	types1 "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	types2 "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
 	peer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	posture "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
-	types2 "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	types3 "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
 	route "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	crypt "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/crypt"
+	gomock "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 // MockStore is a mock of Store interface.
 type MockStore struct {
 	ctrl     *gomock.Controller
 	recorder *MockStoreMockRecorder
+	isgomock struct{}
 }
 
 // MockStoreMockRecorder is the mock recorder for MockStore.
@@ -61,7 +69,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) AccountExists(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStren
 }
 
 // AccountExists indicates an expected call of AccountExists.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AccountExists(ctx, lockStrength, id interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AccountExists(ctx, lockStrength, id any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AccountExists", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).AccountExists), ctx, lockStrength, id)
 }
@@ -75,23 +83,23 @@ func (m *MockStore) AcquireGlobalLock(ctx context.Context) func() {
 }
 
 // AcquireGlobalLock indicates an expected call of AcquireGlobalLock.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AcquireGlobalLock(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AcquireGlobalLock(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AcquireGlobalLock", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).AcquireGlobalLock), ctx)
 }
 
 // AddPeerToAccount mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) AddPeerToAccount(ctx context.Context, peer *peer.Peer) error {
+func (m *MockStore) AddPeerToAccount(ctx context.Context, arg1 *peer.Peer) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "AddPeerToAccount", ctx, peer)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "AddPeerToAccount", ctx, arg1)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // AddPeerToAccount indicates an expected call of AddPeerToAccount.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AddPeerToAccount(ctx, peer interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AddPeerToAccount(ctx, arg1 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AddPeerToAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).AddPeerToAccount), ctx, peer)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AddPeerToAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).AddPeerToAccount), ctx, arg1)
 }
 
 // AddPeerToAllGroup mocks base method.
@@ -103,7 +111,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) AddPeerToAllGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID str
 }
 
 // AddPeerToAllGroup indicates an expected call of AddPeerToAllGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AddPeerToAllGroup(ctx, accountID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AddPeerToAllGroup(ctx, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AddPeerToAllGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).AddPeerToAllGroup), ctx, accountID, peerID)
 }
@@ -117,13 +125,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) AddPeerToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerId, group
 }
 
 // AddPeerToGroup indicates an expected call of AddPeerToGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peerId, groupID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peerId, groupID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AddPeerToGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).AddPeerToGroup), ctx, accountID, peerId, groupID)
 }
 
 // AddResourceToGroup mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) AddResourceToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountId, groupID string, resource *types2.Resource) error {
+func (m *MockStore) AddResourceToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountId, groupID string, resource *types3.Resource) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "AddResourceToGroup", ctx, accountId, groupID, resource)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -131,7 +139,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) AddResourceToGroup(ctx context.Context, accountId, groupID s
 }
 
 // AddResourceToGroup indicates an expected call of AddResourceToGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AddResourceToGroup(ctx, accountId, groupID, resource interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) AddResourceToGroup(ctx, accountId, groupID, resource any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "AddResourceToGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).AddResourceToGroup), ctx, accountId, groupID, resource)
 }
@@ -146,7 +154,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) ApproveAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (
 }
 
 // ApproveAccountPeers indicates an expected call of ApproveAccountPeers.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) ApproveAccountPeers(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) ApproveAccountPeers(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ApproveAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).ApproveAccountPeers), ctx, accountID)
 }
@@ -160,25 +168,11 @@ func (m *MockStore) CleanupStaleProxies(ctx context.Context, inactivityDuration
 }
 
 // CleanupStaleProxies indicates an expected call of CleanupStaleProxies.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CleanupStaleProxies(ctx, inactivityDuration interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CleanupStaleProxies(ctx, inactivityDuration any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CleanupStaleProxies", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CleanupStaleProxies), ctx, inactivityDuration)
 }
 
-// GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec", ctx, clusterAddr)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*bool)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec indicates an expected call of GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec), ctx, clusterAddr)
-}
-
 // Close mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -188,13 +182,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 // Close indicates an expected call of Close.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) Close(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) Close(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "Close", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).Close), ctx)
 }
 
 // CompletePeerJob mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) CompletePeerJob(ctx context.Context, job *types2.Job) error {
+func (m *MockStore) CompletePeerJob(ctx context.Context, job *types3.Job) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CompletePeerJob", ctx, job)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -202,24 +196,24 @@ func (m *MockStore) CompletePeerJob(ctx context.Context, job *types2.Job) error
 }
 
 // CompletePeerJob indicates an expected call of CompletePeerJob.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CompletePeerJob(ctx, job interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CompletePeerJob(ctx, job any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CompletePeerJob", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CompletePeerJob), ctx, job)
 }
 
 // CountAccountsByPrivateDomain mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) CountAccountsByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (int64, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) CountAccountsByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, arg1 string) (int64, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CountAccountsByPrivateDomain", ctx, domain)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CountAccountsByPrivateDomain", ctx, arg1)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(int64)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // CountAccountsByPrivateDomain indicates an expected call of CountAccountsByPrivateDomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CountAccountsByPrivateDomain(ctx, domain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CountAccountsByPrivateDomain(ctx, arg1 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CountAccountsByPrivateDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CountAccountsByPrivateDomain), ctx, domain)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CountAccountsByPrivateDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CountAccountsByPrivateDomain), ctx, arg1)
 }
 
 // CountEphemeralServicesByPeer mocks base method.
@@ -232,11 +226,26 @@ func (m *MockStore) CountEphemeralServicesByPeer(ctx context.Context, lockStreng
 }
 
 // CountEphemeralServicesByPeer indicates an expected call of CountEphemeralServicesByPeer.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CountEphemeralServicesByPeer(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CountEphemeralServicesByPeer(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CountEphemeralServicesByPeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CountEphemeralServicesByPeer), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID)
 }
 
+// CountProxiesByAccountID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) CountProxiesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (int64, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CountProxiesByAccountID", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(int64)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// CountProxiesByAccountID indicates an expected call of CountProxiesByAccountID.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CountProxiesByAccountID(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CountProxiesByAccountID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CountProxiesByAccountID), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
 // CreateAccessLog mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) CreateAccessLog(ctx context.Context, log *accesslogs.AccessLogEntry) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -246,11 +255,53 @@ func (m *MockStore) CreateAccessLog(ctx context.Context, log *accesslogs.AccessL
 }
 
 // CreateAccessLog indicates an expected call of CreateAccessLog.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateAccessLog(ctx, log interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateAccessLog(ctx, log any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateAccessLog", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateAccessLog), ctx, log)
 }
 
+// CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx context.Context, entry *types.AgentNetworkAccessLog, groups []types.AgentNetworkAccessLogGroup) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog", ctx, entry, groups)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog indicates an expected call of CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog(ctx, entry, groups any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateAgentNetworkAccessLog), ctx, entry, groups)
+}
+
+// CreateAgentNetworkSettings mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) CreateAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *types.Settings) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateAgentNetworkSettings", ctx, settings)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// CreateAgentNetworkSettings indicates an expected call of CreateAgentNetworkSettings.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateAgentNetworkSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateAgentNetworkSettings), ctx, settings)
+}
+
+// CreateAgentNetworkUsage mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx context.Context, usage *types.AgentNetworkUsage, groups []types.AgentNetworkUsageGroup) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateAgentNetworkUsage", ctx, usage, groups)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// CreateAgentNetworkUsage indicates an expected call of CreateAgentNetworkUsage.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateAgentNetworkUsage(ctx, usage, groups any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateAgentNetworkUsage", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateAgentNetworkUsage), ctx, usage, groups)
+}
+
 // CreateCustomDomain mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) CreateCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domainName, targetCluster string, validated bool) (*domain.Domain, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -261,7 +312,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) CreateCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domainNam
 }
 
 // CreateCustomDomain indicates an expected call of CreateCustomDomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, domainName, targetCluster, validated interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, domainName, targetCluster, validated any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateCustomDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateCustomDomain), ctx, accountID, domainName, targetCluster, validated)
 }
@@ -275,13 +326,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) CreateDNSRecord(ctx context.Context, record *records.Record)
 }
 
 // CreateDNSRecord indicates an expected call of CreateDNSRecord.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateDNSRecord(ctx, record interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateDNSRecord(ctx, record any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateDNSRecord", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateDNSRecord), ctx, record)
 }
 
 // CreateGroup mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, group *types2.Group) error {
+func (m *MockStore) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, group *types3.Group) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateGroup", ctx, group)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -289,13 +340,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) CreateGroup(ctx context.Context, group *types2.Group) error
 }
 
 // CreateGroup indicates an expected call of CreateGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateGroup(ctx, group interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateGroup(ctx, group any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateGroup), ctx, group)
 }
 
 // CreateGroups mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []*types2.Group) error {
+func (m *MockStore) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []*types3.Group) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateGroups", ctx, accountID, groups)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -303,13 +354,27 @@ func (m *MockStore) CreateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups [
 }
 
 // CreateGroups indicates an expected call of CreateGroups.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateGroups(ctx, accountID, groups interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateGroups(ctx, accountID, groups any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateGroups), ctx, accountID, groups)
 }
 
+// CreateNetworkRouter mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) CreateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *types1.NetworkRouter) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateNetworkRouter", ctx, router)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// CreateNetworkRouter indicates an expected call of CreateNetworkRouter.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateNetworkRouter(ctx, router any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateNetworkRouter", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateNetworkRouter), ctx, router)
+}
+
 // CreatePeerJob mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) CreatePeerJob(ctx context.Context, job *types2.Job) error {
+func (m *MockStore) CreatePeerJob(ctx context.Context, job *types3.Job) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreatePeerJob", ctx, job)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -317,13 +382,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) CreatePeerJob(ctx context.Context, job *types2.Job) error {
 }
 
 // CreatePeerJob indicates an expected call of CreatePeerJob.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreatePeerJob(ctx, job interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreatePeerJob(ctx, job any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreatePeerJob", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreatePeerJob), ctx, job)
 }
 
 // CreatePolicy mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types2.Policy) error {
+func (m *MockStore) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types3.Policy) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreatePolicy", ctx, policy)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -331,23 +396,23 @@ func (m *MockStore) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types2.Policy) err
 }
 
 // CreatePolicy indicates an expected call of CreatePolicy.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreatePolicy(ctx, policy interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreatePolicy(ctx, policy any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreatePolicy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreatePolicy), ctx, policy)
 }
 
 // CreateService mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) CreateService(ctx context.Context, service *service.Service) error {
+func (m *MockStore) CreateService(ctx context.Context, arg1 *service.Service) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateService", ctx, service)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "CreateService", ctx, arg1)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // CreateService indicates an expected call of CreateService.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateService(ctx, service interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateService(ctx, arg1 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateService), ctx, service)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateService), ctx, arg1)
 }
 
 // CreateZone mocks base method.
@@ -359,13 +424,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) CreateZone(ctx context.Context, zone *zones.Zone) error {
 }
 
 // CreateZone indicates an expected call of CreateZone.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateZone(ctx, zone interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) CreateZone(ctx, zone any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "CreateZone", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).CreateZone), ctx, zone)
 }
 
 // DeleteAccount mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) DeleteAccount(ctx context.Context, account *types2.Account) error {
+func (m *MockStore) DeleteAccount(ctx context.Context, account *types3.Account) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAccount", ctx, account)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -373,11 +438,95 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteAccount(ctx context.Context, account *types2.Account)
 }
 
 // DeleteAccount indicates an expected call of DeleteAccount.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAccount(ctx, account interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAccount(ctx, account any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAccount), ctx, account)
 }
 
+// DeleteAccountCluster mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAccountCluster", ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DeleteAccountCluster indicates an expected call of DeleteAccountCluster.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAccountCluster(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAccountCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAccountCluster), ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, accountID, ruleID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule", ctx, accountID, ruleID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule indicates an expected call of DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, accountID, ruleID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAgentNetworkBudgetRule), ctx, accountID, ruleID)
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx context.Context, accountID, guardrailID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail", ctx, accountID, guardrailID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail indicates an expected call of DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, accountID, guardrailID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAgentNetworkGuardrail), ctx, accountID, guardrailID)
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, policyID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy", ctx, accountID, policyID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy indicates an expected call of DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, accountID, policyID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAgentNetworkPolicy), ctx, accountID, policyID)
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkProvider mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DeleteAgentNetworkProvider(ctx context.Context, accountID, providerID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAgentNetworkProvider", ctx, accountID, providerID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkProvider indicates an expected call of DeleteAgentNetworkProvider.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, accountID, providerID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAgentNetworkProvider", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAgentNetworkProvider), ctx, accountID, providerID)
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkSettings mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DeleteAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteAgentNetworkSettings", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DeleteAgentNetworkSettings indicates an expected call of DeleteAgentNetworkSettings.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteAgentNetworkSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteAgentNetworkSettings), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
 // DeleteCustomDomain mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) DeleteCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domainID string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -387,7 +536,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domainID
 }
 
 // DeleteCustomDomain indicates an expected call of DeleteCustomDomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, domainID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, domainID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteCustomDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteCustomDomain), ctx, accountID, domainID)
 }
@@ -401,7 +550,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteDNSRecord(ctx context.Context, accountID, zoneID, reco
 }
 
 // DeleteDNSRecord indicates an expected call of DeleteDNSRecord.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteDNSRecord(ctx, accountID, zoneID, recordID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteDNSRecord(ctx, accountID, zoneID, recordID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteDNSRecord", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteDNSRecord), ctx, accountID, zoneID, recordID)
 }
@@ -415,7 +564,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, groupID string)
 }
 
 // DeleteGroup indicates an expected call of DeleteGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteGroup(ctx, accountID, groupID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteGroup(ctx, accountID, groupID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteGroup), ctx, accountID, groupID)
 }
@@ -429,7 +578,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupIDs
 }
 
 // DeleteGroups indicates an expected call of DeleteGroups.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteGroups(ctx, accountID, groupIDs interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteGroups(ctx, accountID, groupIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteGroups), ctx, accountID, groupIDs)
 }
@@ -443,7 +592,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteHashedPAT2TokenIDIndex(hashedToken string) error {
 }
 
 // DeleteHashedPAT2TokenIDIndex indicates an expected call of DeleteHashedPAT2TokenIDIndex.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteHashedPAT2TokenIDIndex(hashedToken interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteHashedPAT2TokenIDIndex(hashedToken any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteHashedPAT2TokenIDIndex", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteHashedPAT2TokenIDIndex), hashedToken)
 }
@@ -457,7 +606,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, accountID, nameSe
 }
 
 // DeleteNameServerGroup indicates an expected call of DeleteNameServerGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, nameServerGroupID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteNameServerGroup(ctx, accountID, nameServerGroupID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteNameServerGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteNameServerGroup), ctx, accountID, nameServerGroupID)
 }
@@ -471,7 +620,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID, networkID stri
 }
 
 // DeleteNetwork indicates an expected call of DeleteNetwork.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteNetwork(ctx, accountID, networkID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteNetwork(ctx, accountID, networkID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteNetwork", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteNetwork), ctx, accountID, networkID)
 }
@@ -485,7 +634,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteNetworkResource(ctx context.Context, accountID, resour
 }
 
 // DeleteNetworkResource indicates an expected call of DeleteNetworkResource.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteNetworkResource(ctx, accountID, resourceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteNetworkResource(ctx, accountID, resourceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteNetworkResource", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteNetworkResource), ctx, accountID, resourceID)
 }
@@ -499,7 +648,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, accountID, routerID
 }
 
 // DeleteNetworkRouter indicates an expected call of DeleteNetworkRouter.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteNetworkRouter(ctx, accountID, routerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteNetworkRouter(ctx, accountID, routerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteNetworkRouter", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteNetworkRouter), ctx, accountID, routerID)
 }
@@ -514,11 +663,26 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteOldAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, olderThan time.Time
 }
 
 // DeleteOldAccessLogs indicates an expected call of DeleteOldAccessLogs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteOldAccessLogs(ctx, olderThan interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteOldAccessLogs(ctx, olderThan any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteOldAccessLogs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteOldAccessLogs), ctx, olderThan)
 }
 
+// DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, olderThan time.Time) (int64, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs", ctx, accountID, olderThan)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(int64)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs indicates an expected call of DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, accountID, olderThan any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteOldAgentNetworkAccessLogs), ctx, accountID, olderThan)
+}
+
 // DeletePAT mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) DeletePAT(ctx context.Context, userID, patID string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -528,7 +692,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeletePAT(ctx context.Context, userID, patID string) error {
 }
 
 // DeletePAT indicates an expected call of DeletePAT.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeletePAT(ctx, userID, patID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeletePAT(ctx, userID, patID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePAT", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeletePAT), ctx, userID, patID)
 }
@@ -542,7 +706,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeletePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) er
 }
 
 // DeletePeer indicates an expected call of DeletePeer.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeletePeer(ctx, accountID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeletePeer(ctx, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeletePeer), ctx, accountID, peerID)
 }
@@ -556,7 +720,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, accountID, policyID string
 }
 
 // DeletePolicy indicates an expected call of DeletePolicy.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, policyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeletePolicy(ctx, accountID, policyID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePolicy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeletePolicy), ctx, accountID, policyID)
 }
@@ -570,7 +734,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeletePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, accountID, postureC
 }
 
 // DeletePostureChecks indicates an expected call of DeletePostureChecks.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeletePostureChecks(ctx, accountID, postureChecksID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeletePostureChecks(ctx, accountID, postureChecksID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeletePostureChecks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeletePostureChecks), ctx, accountID, postureChecksID)
 }
@@ -584,7 +748,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteRoute(ctx context.Context, accountID, routeID string)
 }
 
 // DeleteRoute indicates an expected call of DeleteRoute.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteRoute(ctx, accountID, routeID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteRoute(ctx, accountID, routeID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteRoute", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteRoute), ctx, accountID, routeID)
 }
@@ -598,7 +762,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteService(ctx context.Context, accountID, serviceID stri
 }
 
 // DeleteService indicates an expected call of DeleteService.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteService(ctx, accountID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteService(ctx, accountID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteService), ctx, accountID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -612,7 +776,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteServiceTargets(ctx context.Context, accountID, service
 }
 
 // DeleteServiceTargets indicates an expected call of DeleteServiceTargets.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteServiceTargets(ctx, accountID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteServiceTargets(ctx, accountID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteServiceTargets", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteServiceTargets), ctx, accountID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -626,7 +790,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteSetupKey(ctx context.Context, accountID, keyID string)
 }
 
 // DeleteSetupKey indicates an expected call of DeleteSetupKey.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteSetupKey(ctx, accountID, keyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteSetupKey(ctx, accountID, keyID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteSetupKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteSetupKey), ctx, accountID, keyID)
 }
@@ -640,7 +804,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteTarget(ctx context.Context, accountID, serviceID strin
 }
 
 // DeleteTarget indicates an expected call of DeleteTarget.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteTarget(ctx, accountID, serviceID, targetID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteTarget(ctx, accountID, serviceID, targetID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteTarget", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteTarget), ctx, accountID, serviceID, targetID)
 }
@@ -654,7 +818,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteTokenID2UserIDIndex(tokenID string) error {
 }
 
 // DeleteTokenID2UserIDIndex indicates an expected call of DeleteTokenID2UserIDIndex.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteTokenID2UserIDIndex(tokenID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteTokenID2UserIDIndex(tokenID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteTokenID2UserIDIndex", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteTokenID2UserIDIndex), tokenID)
 }
@@ -668,7 +832,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID string) er
 }
 
 // DeleteUser indicates an expected call of DeleteUser.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteUser(ctx, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteUser(ctx, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteUser), ctx, accountID, userID)
 }
@@ -682,7 +846,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteUserInvite(ctx context.Context, accountID, inviteID st
 }
 
 // DeleteUserInvite indicates an expected call of DeleteUserInvite.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteUserInvite(ctx, accountID, inviteID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteUserInvite(ctx, accountID, inviteID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteUserInvite", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteUserInvite), ctx, accountID, inviteID)
 }
@@ -696,7 +860,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteZone(ctx context.Context, accountID, zoneID string) er
 }
 
 // DeleteZone indicates an expected call of DeleteZone.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteZone(ctx, accountID, zoneID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteZone(ctx, accountID, zoneID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteZone", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteZone), ctx, accountID, zoneID)
 }
@@ -710,24 +874,53 @@ func (m *MockStore) DeleteZoneDNSRecords(ctx context.Context, accountID, zoneID
 }
 
 // DeleteZoneDNSRecords indicates an expected call of DeleteZoneDNSRecords.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteZoneDNSRecords(ctx, accountID, zoneID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DeleteZoneDNSRecords(ctx, accountID, zoneID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DeleteZoneDNSRecords", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DeleteZoneDNSRecords), ctx, accountID, zoneID)
 }
 
-// EphemeralServiceExists mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) EphemeralServiceExists(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, peerID, domain string) (bool, error) {
+// DisconnectAllProxies mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DisconnectAllProxies(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "EphemeralServiceExists", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID, domain)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DisconnectAllProxies", ctx)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(int64)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// DisconnectAllProxies indicates an expected call of DisconnectAllProxies.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DisconnectAllProxies(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DisconnectAllProxies", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DisconnectAllProxies), ctx)
+}
+
+// DisconnectProxy mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) DisconnectProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyID, sessionID string) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "DisconnectProxy", ctx, proxyID, sessionID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// DisconnectProxy indicates an expected call of DisconnectProxy.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) DisconnectProxy(ctx, proxyID, sessionID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "DisconnectProxy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).DisconnectProxy), ctx, proxyID, sessionID)
+}
+
+// EphemeralServiceExists mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) EphemeralServiceExists(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, peerID, arg4 string) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "EphemeralServiceExists", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID, arg4)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // EphemeralServiceExists indicates an expected call of EphemeralServiceExists.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) EphemeralServiceExists(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID, domain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) EphemeralServiceExists(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID, arg4 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "EphemeralServiceExists", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).EphemeralServiceExists), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID, domain)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "EphemeralServiceExists", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).EphemeralServiceExists), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID, arg4)
 }
 
 // ExecuteInTransaction mocks base method.
@@ -739,22 +932,22 @@ func (m *MockStore) ExecuteInTransaction(ctx context.Context, f func(Store) erro
 }
 
 // ExecuteInTransaction indicates an expected call of ExecuteInTransaction.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, f interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, f any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ExecuteInTransaction", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).ExecuteInTransaction), ctx, f)
 }
 
 // GetAccount mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types2.Account, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types3.Account, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccount", ctx, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Account)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Account)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccount indicates an expected call of GetAccount.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccount(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccount(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccount), ctx, accountID)
 }
@@ -770,82 +963,142 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locki
 }
 
 // GetAccountAccessLogs indicates an expected call of GetAccountAccessLogs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountAccessLogs(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountAccessLogs(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountAccessLogs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountAccessLogs), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter)
 }
 
+// GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.AccountBudgetRule)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules indicates an expected call of GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountAgentNetworkBudgetRules), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.Guardrail)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails indicates an expected call of GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountAgentNetworkGuardrails), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types.Policy, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.Policy)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies indicates an expected call of GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountAgentNetworkPolicies), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types.Provider, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.Provider)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders indicates an expected call of GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountAgentNetworkProviders), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+}
+
 // GetAccountByPeerID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountByPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types2.Account, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountByPeerID(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (*types3.Account, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountByPeerID", ctx, peerID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Account)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Account)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountByPeerID indicates an expected call of GetAccountByPeerID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountByPeerID(ctx, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountByPeerID(ctx, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountByPeerID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountByPeerID), ctx, peerID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountByPeerPubKey mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (*types2.Account, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string) (*types3.Account, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountByPeerPubKey", ctx, peerKey)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Account)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Account)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountByPeerPubKey indicates an expected call of GetAccountByPeerPubKey.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountByPeerPubKey(ctx, peerKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountByPeerPubKey(ctx, peerKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountByPeerPubKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountByPeerPubKey), ctx, peerKey)
 }
 
 // GetAccountByPrivateDomain mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*types2.Account, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, arg1 string) (*types3.Account, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountByPrivateDomain", ctx, domain)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Account)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountByPrivateDomain", ctx, arg1)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Account)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountByPrivateDomain indicates an expected call of GetAccountByPrivateDomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx, domain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountByPrivateDomain(ctx, arg1 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountByPrivateDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountByPrivateDomain), ctx, domain)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountByPrivateDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountByPrivateDomain), ctx, arg1)
 }
 
 // GetAccountBySetupKey mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountBySetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey string) (*types2.Account, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountBySetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey string) (*types3.Account, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountBySetupKey", ctx, setupKey)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Account)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Account)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountBySetupKey indicates an expected call of GetAccountBySetupKey.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountBySetupKey(ctx, setupKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountBySetupKey(ctx, setupKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountBySetupKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountBySetupKey), ctx, setupKey)
 }
 
 // GetAccountByUser mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountByUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types2.Account, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountByUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types3.Account, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountByUser", ctx, userID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Account)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Account)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountByUser indicates an expected call of GetAccountByUser.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountByUser(ctx, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountByUser(ctx, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountByUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountByUser), ctx, userID)
 }
@@ -860,22 +1113,22 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountCreatedBy(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lockin
 }
 
 // GetAccountCreatedBy indicates an expected call of GetAccountCreatedBy.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountCreatedBy(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountCreatedBy(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountCreatedBy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountCreatedBy), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountDNSSettings mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types2.DNSSettings, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types3.DNSSettings, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountDNSSettings", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.DNSSettings)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.DNSSettings)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountDNSSettings indicates an expected call of GetAccountDNSSettings.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountDNSSettings(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountDNSSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountDNSSettings), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -891,7 +1144,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountDomainAndCategory(ctx context.Context, lockStrengt
 }
 
 // GetAccountDomainAndCategory indicates an expected call of GetAccountDomainAndCategory.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountDomainAndCategory(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountDomainAndCategory(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountDomainAndCategory", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountDomainAndCategory), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -906,22 +1159,22 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountGroupPeers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locki
 }
 
 // GetAccountGroupPeers indicates an expected call of GetAccountGroupPeers.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountGroupPeers(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountGroupPeers(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountGroupPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountGroupPeers), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountGroups mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types2.Group, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types3.Group, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountGroups", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.Group)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.Group)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountGroups indicates an expected call of GetAccountGroups.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountGroups(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountGroups(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountGroups), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -936,7 +1189,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountIDByPeerID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locki
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDByPeerID indicates an expected call of GetAccountIDByPeerID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByPeerID(ctx, lockStrength, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByPeerID(ctx, lockStrength, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountIDByPeerID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountIDByPeerID), ctx, lockStrength, peerID)
 }
@@ -951,24 +1204,24 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey indicates an expected call of GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey(ctx, peerKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey(ctx, peerKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountIDByPeerPubKey), ctx, peerKey)
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, domain string) (string, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, arg2 string) (string, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain", ctx, lockStrength, domain)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain", ctx, lockStrength, arg2)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(string)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain indicates an expected call of GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain(ctx, lockStrength, domain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain(ctx, lockStrength, arg2 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain), ctx, lockStrength, domain)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountIDByPrivateDomain), ctx, lockStrength, arg2)
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDBySetupKey mocks base method.
@@ -981,7 +1234,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountIDBySetupKey(ctx context.Context, peerKey string)
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDBySetupKey indicates an expected call of GetAccountIDBySetupKey.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDBySetupKey(ctx, peerKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDBySetupKey(ctx, peerKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountIDBySetupKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountIDBySetupKey), ctx, peerKey)
 }
@@ -996,22 +1249,22 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountIDByUserID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locki
 }
 
 // GetAccountIDByUserID indicates an expected call of GetAccountIDByUserID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByUserID(ctx, lockStrength, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountIDByUserID(ctx, lockStrength, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountIDByUserID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountIDByUserID), ctx, lockStrength, userID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountMeta mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountMeta(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types2.AccountMeta, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountMeta(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types3.AccountMeta, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountMeta", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.AccountMeta)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.AccountMeta)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountMeta indicates an expected call of GetAccountMeta.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountMeta(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountMeta(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountMeta", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountMeta), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -1026,67 +1279,67 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountNameServerGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength
 }
 
 // GetAccountNameServerGroups indicates an expected call of GetAccountNameServerGroups.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountNameServerGroups(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountNameServerGroups(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountNameServerGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountNameServerGroups), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountNetwork mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountNetwork(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountId string) (*types2.Network, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountNetwork(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountId string) (*types3.Network, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountNetwork", ctx, lockStrength, accountId)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Network)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Network)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountNetwork indicates an expected call of GetAccountNetwork.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountNetwork(ctx, lockStrength, accountId interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountNetwork(ctx, lockStrength, accountId any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountNetwork", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountNetwork), ctx, lockStrength, accountId)
 }
 
 // GetAccountNetworks mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountNetworks(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types1.Network, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountNetworks(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types2.Network, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountNetworks", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types1.Network)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.Network)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountNetworks indicates an expected call of GetAccountNetworks.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountNetworks(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountNetworks(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountNetworks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountNetworks), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountOnboarding mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types2.AccountOnboarding, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*types3.AccountOnboarding, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountOnboarding", ctx, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.AccountOnboarding)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.AccountOnboarding)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountOnboarding indicates an expected call of GetAccountOnboarding.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountOnboarding(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountOnboarding(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountOnboarding", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountOnboarding), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountOwner mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountOwner(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types2.User, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountOwner(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types3.User, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountOwner", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.User)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.User)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountOwner indicates an expected call of GetAccountOwner.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountOwner(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountOwner(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountOwner", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountOwner), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -1101,7 +1354,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountPeers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStr
 }
 
 // GetAccountPeers indicates an expected call of GetAccountPeers.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPeers(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, nameFilter, ipFilter interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPeers(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, nameFilter, ipFilter any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountPeers), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, nameFilter, ipFilter)
 }
@@ -1116,7 +1369,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountPeersWithExpiration(ctx context.Context, lockStren
 }
 
 // GetAccountPeersWithExpiration indicates an expected call of GetAccountPeersWithExpiration.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPeersWithExpiration(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPeersWithExpiration(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountPeersWithExpiration", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountPeersWithExpiration), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -1131,22 +1384,22 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountPeersWithInactivity(ctx context.Context, lockStren
 }
 
 // GetAccountPeersWithInactivity indicates an expected call of GetAccountPeersWithInactivity.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPeersWithInactivity(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPeersWithInactivity(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountPeersWithInactivity", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountPeersWithInactivity), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountPolicies mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountPolicies(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types2.Policy, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountPolicies(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types3.Policy, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountPolicies", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.Policy)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.Policy)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountPolicies indicates an expected call of GetAccountPolicies.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPolicies(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPolicies(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountPolicies", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountPolicies), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -1161,7 +1414,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountPostureChecks(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lo
 }
 
 // GetAccountPostureChecks indicates an expected call of GetAccountPostureChecks.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPostureChecks(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountPostureChecks(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountPostureChecks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountPostureChecks), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -1176,7 +1429,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountRoutes(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingSt
 }
 
 // GetAccountRoutes indicates an expected call of GetAccountRoutes.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountRoutes(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountRoutes(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountRoutes", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountRoutes), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -1191,67 +1444,67 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountServices(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locking
 }
 
 // GetAccountServices indicates an expected call of GetAccountServices.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountServices(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountServices(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountServices), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountSettings mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types2.Settings, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types3.Settings, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountSettings", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Settings)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Settings)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountSettings indicates an expected call of GetAccountSettings.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountSettings(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountSettings(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountSettings), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountSetupKeys mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountSetupKeys(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types2.SetupKey, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountSetupKeys(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types3.SetupKey, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountSetupKeys", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.SetupKey)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.SetupKey)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountSetupKeys indicates an expected call of GetAccountSetupKeys.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountSetupKeys(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountSetupKeys(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountSetupKeys", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountSetupKeys), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountUserInvites mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountUserInvites(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types2.UserInviteRecord, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountUserInvites(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types3.UserInviteRecord, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountUserInvites", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.UserInviteRecord)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.UserInviteRecord)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountUserInvites indicates an expected call of GetAccountUserInvites.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountUserInvites(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountUserInvites(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountUserInvites", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountUserInvites), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetAccountUsers mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAccountUsers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types2.User, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAccountUsers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types3.User, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAccountUsers", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.User)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.User)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAccountUsers indicates an expected call of GetAccountUsers.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountUsers(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountUsers(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountUsers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountUsers), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -1266,7 +1519,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountZones(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStr
 }
 
 // GetAccountZones indicates an expected call of GetAccountZones.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountZones(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountZones(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountZones", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountZones), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
@@ -1281,7 +1534,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAccountsCounter(ctx context.Context) (int64, error) {
 }
 
 // GetAccountsCounter indicates an expected call of GetAccountsCounter.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountsCounter(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAccountsCounter(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAccountsCounter", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAccountsCounter), ctx)
 }
@@ -1296,40 +1549,267 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx context.Context) ([]strin
 }
 
 // GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses indicates an expected call of GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetActiveProxyClusterAddresses), ctx)
 }
 
-// GetActiveProxyClusters mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx context.Context) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+// GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]string, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetActiveProxyClusters", ctx)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]proxy.Cluster)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]string)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
-// GetActiveProxyClusters indicates an expected call of GetActiveProxyClusters.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetActiveProxyClusters(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+// GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount indicates an expected call of GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveProxyClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetActiveProxyClusters), ctx)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetActiveProxyClusterAddressesForAccount), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession, int64, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLogSession)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(int64)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog, int64, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.AgentNetworkAccessLog)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(int64)
+	ret2, _ := ret[2].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1, ret2
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkAccessLogs), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, ruleID string) (*types.AccountBudgetRule, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, ruleID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.AccountBudgetRule)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, ruleID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkBudgetRuleByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, ruleID)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkConsumption mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, kind types.ConsumptionDimension, dimID string, windowSeconds int64, windowStart time.Time) (*types.Consumption, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkConsumption", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, kind, dimID, windowSeconds, windowStart)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Consumption)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkConsumption indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkConsumption.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, kind, dimID, windowSeconds, windowStart any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkConsumption", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkConsumption), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, kind, dimID, windowSeconds, windowStart)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, keys []types.ConsumptionKey) (map[types.ConsumptionKey]*types.Consumption, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, keys)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(map[types.ConsumptionKey]*types.Consumption)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, keys any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, keys)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, guardrailID string) (*types.Guardrail, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, guardrailID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Guardrail)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, guardrailID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkGuardrailByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, guardrailID)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkMetrics mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkMetrics(ctx context.Context) (AgentNetworkMetrics, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkMetrics", ctx)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(AgentNetworkMetrics)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkMetrics indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkMetrics.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkMetrics(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkMetrics", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkMetrics), ctx)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, policyID string) (*types.Policy, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, policyID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Policy)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, policyID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkPolicyByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, policyID)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkProviderByID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, providerID string) (*types.Provider, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkProviderByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, providerID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Provider)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkProviderByID indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkProviderByID.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkProviderByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, providerID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkProviderByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkProviderByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, providerID)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkSettings mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkSettings", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Settings)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkSettings indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkSettings.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkSettings), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, arg2 string) (*types.Settings, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain", ctx, lockStrength, arg2)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.Settings)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain(ctx, lockStrength, arg2 any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkSettingsByDomain), ctx, lockStrength, arg2)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, proxyAddress string) ([]*types.Settings, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress", ctx, lockStrength, proxyAddress)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.Settings)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress(ctx, lockStrength, proxyAddress any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkSettingsByProxyAddress), ctx, lockStrength, proxyAddress)
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkUsageRows mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, filter types.AgentNetworkAccessLogFilter) ([]*types.AgentNetworkUsage, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAgentNetworkUsageRows", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.AgentNetworkUsage)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetworkUsageRows indicates an expected call of GetAgentNetworkUsageRows.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAgentNetworkUsageRows(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAgentNetworkUsageRows", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAgentNetworkUsageRows), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, filter)
 }
 
 // GetAllAccounts mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAllAccounts(ctx context.Context) []*types2.Account {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAllAccounts(ctx context.Context) []*types3.Account {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAllAccounts", ctx)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.Account)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.Account)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // GetAllAccounts indicates an expected call of GetAllAccounts.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAllAccounts(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAllAccounts(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllAccounts", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAllAccounts), ctx)
 }
 
+// GetAllAgentNetworkProviders mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAllAgentNetworkProviders(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*types.Provider, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAllAgentNetworkProviders", ctx, lockStrength)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.Provider)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAllAgentNetworkProviders indicates an expected call of GetAllAgentNetworkProviders.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAllAgentNetworkProviders(ctx, lockStrength any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllAgentNetworkProviders", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAllAgentNetworkProviders), ctx, lockStrength)
+}
+
+// GetAllAgentNetworkSettings mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAllAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*types.Settings, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAllAgentNetworkSettings", ctx, lockStrength)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.Settings)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAllAgentNetworkSettings indicates an expected call of GetAllAgentNetworkSettings.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAllAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, lockStrength any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllAgentNetworkSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAllAgentNetworkSettings), ctx, lockStrength)
+}
+
 // GetAllEphemeralPeers mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetAllEphemeralPeers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*peer.Peer, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -1340,22 +1820,37 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAllEphemeralPeers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locki
 }
 
 // GetAllEphemeralPeers indicates an expected call of GetAllEphemeralPeers.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAllEphemeralPeers(ctx, lockStrength interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAllEphemeralPeers(ctx, lockStrength any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllEphemeralPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAllEphemeralPeers), ctx, lockStrength)
 }
 
+// GetAllProxies mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetAllProxies(ctx context.Context) ([]*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAllProxies", ctx)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*proxy.Proxy)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetAllProxies indicates an expected call of GetAllProxies.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAllProxies(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllProxies", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAllProxies), ctx)
+}
+
 // GetAllProxyAccessTokens mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetAllProxyAccessTokens(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*types2.ProxyAccessToken, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetAllProxyAccessTokens(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength) ([]*types3.ProxyAccessToken, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetAllProxyAccessTokens", ctx, lockStrength)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.ProxyAccessToken)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.ProxyAccessToken)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetAllProxyAccessTokens indicates an expected call of GetAllProxyAccessTokens.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAllProxyAccessTokens(ctx, lockStrength interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAllProxyAccessTokens(ctx, lockStrength any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAllProxyAccessTokens", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAllProxyAccessTokens), ctx, lockStrength)
 }
@@ -1370,7 +1865,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetAnyAccountID(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
 }
 
 // GetAnyAccountID indicates an expected call of GetAnyAccountID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAnyAccountID(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetAnyAccountID(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetAnyAccountID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetAnyAccountID), ctx)
 }
@@ -1384,11 +1879,25 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr
 }
 
 // GetClusterRequireSubdomain indicates an expected call of GetClusterRequireSubdomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx, clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetClusterRequireSubdomain(ctx, clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetClusterRequireSubdomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetClusterRequireSubdomain), ctx, clusterAddr)
 }
 
+// GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec", ctx, clusterAddr)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*bool)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec indicates an expected call of GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec(ctx, clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetClusterSupportsCrowdSec), ctx, clusterAddr)
+}
+
 // GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -1398,11 +1907,25 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx context.Context, clusterAd
 }
 
 // GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts indicates an expected call of GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, clusterAddr interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts(ctx, clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetClusterSupportsCustomPorts), ctx, clusterAddr)
 }
 
+// GetClusterSupportsPrivate mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx context.Context, clusterAddr string) *bool {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetClusterSupportsPrivate", ctx, clusterAddr)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*bool)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// GetClusterSupportsPrivate indicates an expected call of GetClusterSupportsPrivate.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetClusterSupportsPrivate(ctx, clusterAddr any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetClusterSupportsPrivate", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetClusterSupportsPrivate), ctx, clusterAddr)
+}
+
 // GetCustomDomain mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domainID string) (*domain.Domain, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -1413,11 +1936,26 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domainID str
 }
 
 // GetCustomDomain indicates an expected call of GetCustomDomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, domainID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, domainID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetCustomDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetCustomDomain), ctx, accountID, domainID)
 }
 
+// GetCustomDomainByName mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetCustomDomainByName(ctx context.Context, domainName string) (*domain.Domain, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetCustomDomainByName", ctx, domainName)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*domain.Domain)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetCustomDomainByName indicates an expected call of GetCustomDomainByName.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetCustomDomainByName(ctx, domainName any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetCustomDomainByName", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetCustomDomainByName), ctx, domainName)
+}
+
 // GetCustomDomainsCounts mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx context.Context) (int64, int64, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -1429,7 +1967,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx context.Context) (int64, int64, e
 }
 
 // GetCustomDomainsCounts indicates an expected call of GetCustomDomainsCounts.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetCustomDomainsCounts(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetCustomDomainsCounts", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetCustomDomainsCounts), ctx)
 }
@@ -1444,11 +1982,26 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetDNSRecordByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingSt
 }
 
 // GetDNSRecordByID indicates an expected call of GetDNSRecordByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetDNSRecordByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID, recordID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetDNSRecordByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID, recordID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetDNSRecordByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetDNSRecordByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID, recordID)
 }
 
+// GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (map[string][]string, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(map[string][]string)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster indicates an expected call of GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetEmbeddedProxyPeerIDsByCluster), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
 // GetExpiredEphemeralServices mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetExpiredEphemeralServices(ctx context.Context, ttl time.Duration, limit int) ([]*service.Service, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -1459,52 +2012,67 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetExpiredEphemeralServices(ctx context.Context, ttl time.Du
 }
 
 // GetExpiredEphemeralServices indicates an expected call of GetExpiredEphemeralServices.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetExpiredEphemeralServices(ctx, ttl, limit interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetExpiredEphemeralServices(ctx, ttl, limit any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetExpiredEphemeralServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetExpiredEphemeralServices), ctx, ttl, limit)
 }
 
 // GetGroupByID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetGroupByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, groupID string) (*types2.Group, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetGroupByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, groupID string) (*types3.Group, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetGroupByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Group)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Group)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetGroupByID indicates an expected call of GetGroupByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetGroupByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetGroupByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetGroupByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetGroupByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupID)
 }
 
 // GetGroupByName mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetGroupByName(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, groupName string) (*types2.Group, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetGroupByName(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, groupName string) (*types3.Group, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetGroupByName", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupName)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Group)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Group)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetGroupByName indicates an expected call of GetGroupByName.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetGroupByName(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupName interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetGroupByName(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupName any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetGroupByName", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetGroupByName), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupName)
 }
 
+// GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peerIDs []string) ([]string, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs", ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]string)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs indicates an expected call of GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs(ctx, accountID, peerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetGroupIDsByPeerIDs), ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+}
+
 // GetGroupsByIDs mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetGroupsByIDs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, groupIDs []string) (map[string]*types2.Group, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetGroupsByIDs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string, groupIDs []string) (map[string]*types3.Group, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetGroupsByIDs", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupIDs)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(map[string]*types2.Group)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(map[string]*types3.Group)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetGroupsByIDs indicates an expected call of GetGroupsByIDs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetGroupsByIDs(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupIDs interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetGroupsByIDs(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetGroupsByIDs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetGroupsByIDs), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, groupIDs)
 }
@@ -1533,157 +2101,157 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetNameServerGroupByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Loc
 }
 
 // GetNameServerGroupByID indicates an expected call of GetNameServerGroupByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNameServerGroupByID(ctx, lockStrength, nameServerGroupID, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNameServerGroupByID(ctx, lockStrength, nameServerGroupID, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNameServerGroupByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetNameServerGroupByID), ctx, lockStrength, nameServerGroupID, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetNetworkByID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, networkID string) (*types1.Network, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, networkID string) (*types2.Network, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetNetworkByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, networkID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types1.Network)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Network)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetNetworkByID indicates an expected call of GetNetworkByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, networkID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, networkID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetNetworkByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, networkID)
 }
 
 // GetNetworkResourceByID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkResourceByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, resourceID string) (*types.NetworkResource, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkResourceByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, resourceID string) (*types0.NetworkResource, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetNetworkResourceByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.NetworkResource)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types0.NetworkResource)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetNetworkResourceByID indicates an expected call of GetNetworkResourceByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkResourceByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkResourceByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkResourceByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetNetworkResourceByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceID)
 }
 
 // GetNetworkResourceByName mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkResourceByName(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, resourceName string) (*types.NetworkResource, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkResourceByName(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, resourceName string) (*types0.NetworkResource, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetNetworkResourceByName", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceName)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types.NetworkResource)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types0.NetworkResource)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetNetworkResourceByName indicates an expected call of GetNetworkResourceByName.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkResourceByName(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceName interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkResourceByName(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceName any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkResourceByName", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetNetworkResourceByName), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceName)
 }
 
 // GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types.NetworkResource, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types0.NetworkResource, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.NetworkResource)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types0.NetworkResource)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID indicates an expected call of GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetNetworkResourcesByAccountID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetNetworkResourcesByNetID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkResourcesByNetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, netID string) ([]*types.NetworkResource, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkResourcesByNetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, netID string) ([]*types0.NetworkResource, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetNetworkResourcesByNetID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, netID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.NetworkResource)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types0.NetworkResource)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetNetworkResourcesByNetID indicates an expected call of GetNetworkResourcesByNetID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkResourcesByNetID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, netID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkResourcesByNetID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, netID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkResourcesByNetID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetNetworkResourcesByNetID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, netID)
 }
 
 // GetNetworkRouterByID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, routerID string) (*types0.NetworkRouter, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, routerID string) (*types1.NetworkRouter, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetNetworkRouterByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, routerID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types0.NetworkRouter)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types1.NetworkRouter)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetNetworkRouterByID indicates an expected call of GetNetworkRouterByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, routerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkRouterByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, routerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkRouterByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetNetworkRouterByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, routerID)
 }
 
 // GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types0.NetworkRouter, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types1.NetworkRouter, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types0.NetworkRouter)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types1.NetworkRouter)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID indicates an expected call of GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetNetworkRoutersByAccountID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
 }
 
 // GetNetworkRoutersByNetID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, netID string) ([]*types0.NetworkRouter, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, netID string) ([]*types1.NetworkRouter, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetNetworkRoutersByNetID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, netID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types0.NetworkRouter)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types1.NetworkRouter)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetNetworkRoutersByNetID indicates an expected call of GetNetworkRoutersByNetID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, netID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetNetworkRoutersByNetID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, netID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetNetworkRoutersByNetID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetNetworkRoutersByNetID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, netID)
 }
 
 // GetPATByHashedToken mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetPATByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, hashedToken string) (*types2.PersonalAccessToken, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetPATByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, hashedToken string) (*types3.PersonalAccessToken, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPATByHashedToken", ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.PersonalAccessToken)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.PersonalAccessToken)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetPATByHashedToken indicates an expected call of GetPATByHashedToken.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPATByHashedToken(ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPATByHashedToken(ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPATByHashedToken", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPATByHashedToken), ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken)
 }
 
 // GetPATByID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetPATByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, userID, patID string) (*types2.PersonalAccessToken, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetPATByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, userID, patID string) (*types3.PersonalAccessToken, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPATByID", ctx, lockStrength, userID, patID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.PersonalAccessToken)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.PersonalAccessToken)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetPATByID indicates an expected call of GetPATByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPATByID(ctx, lockStrength, userID, patID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPATByID(ctx, lockStrength, userID, patID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPATByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPATByID), ctx, lockStrength, userID, patID)
 }
@@ -1698,7 +2266,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPeerByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrengt
 }
 
 // GetPeerByID indicates an expected call of GetPeerByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID)
 }
@@ -1713,7 +2281,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPeerByIP(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrengt
 }
 
 // GetPeerByIP indicates an expected call of GetPeerByIP.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerByIP(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, ip interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerByIP(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, ip any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerByIP", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerByIP), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, ip)
 }
@@ -1728,7 +2296,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lockin
 }
 
 // GetPeerByPeerPubKey indicates an expected call of GetPeerByPeerPubKey.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx, lockStrength, peerKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerByPeerPubKey(ctx, lockStrength, peerKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerByPeerPubKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerByPeerPubKey), ctx, lockStrength, peerKey)
 }
@@ -1743,22 +2311,22 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPeerGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStr
 }
 
 // GetPeerGroupIDs indicates an expected call of GetPeerGroupIDs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerGroupIDs(ctx, lockStrength, accountId, peerId interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerGroupIDs(ctx, lockStrength, accountId, peerId any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerGroupIDs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerGroupIDs), ctx, lockStrength, accountId, peerId)
 }
 
 // GetPeerGroups mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetPeerGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountId, peerId string) ([]*types2.Group, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetPeerGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountId, peerId string) ([]*types3.Group, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeerGroups", ctx, lockStrength, accountId, peerId)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.Group)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.Group)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetPeerGroups indicates an expected call of GetPeerGroups.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerGroups(ctx, lockStrength, accountId, peerId interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerGroups(ctx, lockStrength, accountId, peerId any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerGroups), ctx, lockStrength, accountId, peerId)
 }
@@ -1773,11 +2341,26 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPeerIDByKey(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStre
 }
 
 // GetPeerIDByKey indicates an expected call of GetPeerIDByKey.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerIDByKey(ctx, lockStrength, key interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerIDByKey(ctx, lockStrength, key any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerIDByKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerIDByKey), ctx, lockStrength, key)
 }
 
+// GetPeerIDsByGroups mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetPeerIDsByGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groupIDs []string) ([]string, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeerIDsByGroups", ctx, accountID, groupIDs)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]string)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetPeerIDsByGroups indicates an expected call of GetPeerIDsByGroups.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerIDsByGroups(ctx, accountID, groupIDs any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerIDsByGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerIDsByGroups), ctx, accountID, groupIDs)
+}
+
 // GetPeerIdByLabel mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) GetPeerIdByLabel(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, hostname string) (string, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -1788,37 +2371,37 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPeerIdByLabel(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingSt
 }
 
 // GetPeerIdByLabel indicates an expected call of GetPeerIdByLabel.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerIdByLabel(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, hostname interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerIdByLabel(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, hostname any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerIdByLabel", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerIdByLabel), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, hostname)
 }
 
 // GetPeerJobByID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetPeerJobByID(ctx context.Context, accountID, jobID string) (*types2.Job, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetPeerJobByID(ctx context.Context, accountID, jobID string) (*types3.Job, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeerJobByID", ctx, accountID, jobID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Job)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Job)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetPeerJobByID indicates an expected call of GetPeerJobByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerJobByID(ctx, accountID, jobID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerJobByID(ctx, accountID, jobID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerJobByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerJobByID), ctx, accountID, jobID)
 }
 
 // GetPeerJobs mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetPeerJobs(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) ([]*types2.Job, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetPeerJobs(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string) ([]*types3.Job, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPeerJobs", ctx, accountID, peerID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.Job)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.Job)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetPeerJobs indicates an expected call of GetPeerJobs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerJobs(ctx, accountID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerJobs(ctx, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerJobs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerJobs), ctx, accountID, peerID)
 }
@@ -1833,7 +2416,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPeerLabelsInAccount(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Loc
 }
 
 // GetPeerLabelsInAccount indicates an expected call of GetPeerLabelsInAccount.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerLabelsInAccount(ctx, lockStrength, accountId, hostname interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeerLabelsInAccount(ctx, lockStrength, accountId, hostname any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeerLabelsInAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeerLabelsInAccount), ctx, lockStrength, accountId, hostname)
 }
@@ -1848,7 +2431,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, accountID string, gr
 }
 
 // GetPeersByGroupIDs indicates an expected call of GetPeersByGroupIDs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx, accountID, groupIDs interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeersByGroupIDs(ctx, accountID, groupIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeersByGroupIDs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeersByGroupIDs), ctx, accountID, groupIDs)
 }
@@ -1863,37 +2446,37 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPeersByIDs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStren
 }
 
 // GetPeersByIDs indicates an expected call of GetPeersByIDs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeersByIDs(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerIDs interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPeersByIDs(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPeersByIDs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPeersByIDs), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerIDs)
 }
 
 // GetPolicyByID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetPolicyByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, policyID string) (*types2.Policy, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetPolicyByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, policyID string) (*types3.Policy, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPolicyByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, policyID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.Policy)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.Policy)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetPolicyByID indicates an expected call of GetPolicyByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPolicyByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, policyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPolicyByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, policyID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPolicyByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPolicyByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, policyID)
 }
 
 // GetPolicyRulesByResourceID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetPolicyRulesByResourceID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, peerID string) ([]*types2.PolicyRule, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetPolicyRulesByResourceID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, peerID string) ([]*types3.PolicyRule, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetPolicyRulesByResourceID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.PolicyRule)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.PolicyRule)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetPolicyRulesByResourceID indicates an expected call of GetPolicyRulesByResourceID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPolicyRulesByResourceID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPolicyRulesByResourceID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPolicyRulesByResourceID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPolicyRulesByResourceID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, peerID)
 }
@@ -1908,7 +2491,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPostureCheckByChecksDefinition(accountID string, checks *
 }
 
 // GetPostureCheckByChecksDefinition indicates an expected call of GetPostureCheckByChecksDefinition.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPostureCheckByChecksDefinition(accountID, checks interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPostureCheckByChecksDefinition(accountID, checks any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPostureCheckByChecksDefinition", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPostureCheckByChecksDefinition), accountID, checks)
 }
@@ -1923,7 +2506,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPostureChecksByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locki
 }
 
 // GetPostureChecksByID indicates an expected call of GetPostureChecksByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPostureChecksByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, postureCheckID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPostureChecksByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, postureCheckID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPostureChecksByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPostureChecksByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, postureCheckID)
 }
@@ -1938,37 +2521,112 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetPostureChecksByIDs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lock
 }
 
 // GetPostureChecksByIDs indicates an expected call of GetPostureChecksByIDs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPostureChecksByIDs(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, postureChecksIDs interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetPostureChecksByIDs(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, postureChecksIDs any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetPostureChecksByIDs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetPostureChecksByIDs), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, postureChecksIDs)
 }
 
 // GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, hashedToken types2.HashedProxyToken) (*types2.ProxyAccessToken, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, hashedToken types3.HashedProxyToken) (*types3.ProxyAccessToken, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken", ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.ProxyAccessToken)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.ProxyAccessToken)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken indicates an expected call of GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken(ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken(ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyAccessTokenByHashedToken), ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken)
 }
 
+// GetProxyAccessTokenByID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetProxyAccessTokenByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, tokenID string) (*types3.ProxyAccessToken, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetProxyAccessTokenByID", ctx, lockStrength, tokenID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.ProxyAccessToken)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetProxyAccessTokenByID indicates an expected call of GetProxyAccessTokenByID.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyAccessTokenByID(ctx, lockStrength, tokenID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyAccessTokenByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyAccessTokenByID), ctx, lockStrength, tokenID)
+}
+
+// GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types3.ProxyAccessToken, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.ProxyAccessToken)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID indicates an expected call of GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyAccessTokensByAccountID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetProxyByAccountID mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetProxyByAccountID(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (*proxy.Proxy, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetProxyByAccountID", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*proxy.Proxy)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetProxyByAccountID indicates an expected call of GetProxyByAccountID.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyByAccountID(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyByAccountID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyByAccountID), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetProxyClusters mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetProxyClusters(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]proxy.Cluster, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetProxyClusters", ctx, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]proxy.Cluster)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetProxyClusters indicates an expected call of GetProxyClusters.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyClusters(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyClusters", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyClusters), ctx, accountID)
+}
+
+// GetProxyMetrics mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) GetProxyMetrics(ctx context.Context) (ProxyMetrics, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetProxyMetrics", ctx)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(ProxyMetrics)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// GetProxyMetrics indicates an expected call of GetProxyMetrics.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetProxyMetrics(ctx any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetProxyMetrics", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetProxyMetrics), ctx)
+}
+
 // GetResourceGroups mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetResourceGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, resourceID string) ([]*types2.Group, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetResourceGroups(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, resourceID string) ([]*types3.Group, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetResourceGroups", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.Group)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.Group)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetResourceGroups indicates an expected call of GetResourceGroups.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetResourceGroups(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetResourceGroups(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetResourceGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetResourceGroups), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, resourceID)
 }
@@ -1983,7 +2641,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetRouteByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStreng
 }
 
 // GetRouteByID indicates an expected call of GetRouteByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetRouteByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, routeID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetRouteByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, routeID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetRouteByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetRouteByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, routeID)
 }
@@ -1998,24 +2656,24 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetRoutingPeerNetworks(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerI
 }
 
 // GetRoutingPeerNetworks indicates an expected call of GetRoutingPeerNetworks.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetRoutingPeerNetworks(ctx, accountID, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetRoutingPeerNetworks(ctx, accountID, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetRoutingPeerNetworks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetRoutingPeerNetworks), ctx, accountID, peerID)
 }
 
 // GetServiceByDomain mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*service.Service, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, arg1 string) (*service.Service, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetServiceByDomain", ctx, domain)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetServiceByDomain", ctx, arg1)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*service.Service)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetServiceByDomain indicates an expected call of GetServiceByDomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServiceByDomain(ctx, arg1 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServiceByDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetServiceByDomain), ctx, domain)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServiceByDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetServiceByDomain), ctx, arg1)
 }
 
 // GetServiceByID mocks base method.
@@ -2028,7 +2686,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetServiceByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStre
 }
 
 // GetServiceByID indicates an expected call of GetServiceByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServiceByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServiceByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServiceByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetServiceByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -2043,7 +2701,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetServiceTargetByTargetID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength
 }
 
 // GetServiceTargetByTargetID indicates an expected call of GetServiceTargetByTargetID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServiceTargetByTargetID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, targetID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServiceTargetByTargetID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, targetID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServiceTargetByTargetID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetServiceTargetByTargetID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, targetID)
 }
@@ -2058,7 +2716,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetServices(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrengt
 }
 
 // GetServices indicates an expected call of GetServices.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServices(ctx, lockStrength interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServices(ctx, lockStrength any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServices", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetServices), ctx, lockStrength)
 }
@@ -2073,7 +2731,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetServicesByCluster(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locki
 }
 
 // GetServicesByCluster indicates an expected call of GetServicesByCluster.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServicesByCluster(ctx, lockStrength, proxyCluster interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServicesByCluster(ctx, lockStrength, proxyCluster any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServicesByCluster", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetServicesByCluster), ctx, lockStrength, proxyCluster)
 }
@@ -2088,46 +2746,46 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetServicesByClusterAndPort(ctx context.Context, lockStrengt
 }
 
 // GetServicesByClusterAndPort indicates an expected call of GetServicesByClusterAndPort.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServicesByClusterAndPort(ctx, lockStrength, proxyCluster, mode, listenPort interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetServicesByClusterAndPort(ctx, lockStrength, proxyCluster, mode, listenPort any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetServicesByClusterAndPort", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetServicesByClusterAndPort), ctx, lockStrength, proxyCluster, mode, listenPort)
 }
 
 // GetSetupKeyByID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetSetupKeyByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, setupKeyID string) (*types2.SetupKey, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetSetupKeyByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, setupKeyID string) (*types3.SetupKey, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetSetupKeyByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, setupKeyID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.SetupKey)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.SetupKey)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetSetupKeyByID indicates an expected call of GetSetupKeyByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetSetupKeyByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, setupKeyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetSetupKeyByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, setupKeyID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetSetupKeyByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetSetupKeyByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, setupKeyID)
 }
 
 // GetSetupKeyBySecret mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetSetupKeyBySecret(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, key string) (*types2.SetupKey, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetSetupKeyBySecret(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, key string) (*types3.SetupKey, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetSetupKeyBySecret", ctx, lockStrength, key)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.SetupKey)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.SetupKey)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetSetupKeyBySecret indicates an expected call of GetSetupKeyBySecret.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetSetupKeyBySecret(ctx, lockStrength, key interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetSetupKeyBySecret(ctx, lockStrength, key any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetSetupKeyBySecret", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetSetupKeyBySecret), ctx, lockStrength, key)
 }
 
 // GetStoreEngine mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetStoreEngine() types2.Engine {
+func (m *MockStore) GetStoreEngine() types3.Engine {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetStoreEngine")
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types2.Engine)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(types3.Engine)
 	return ret0
 }
 
@@ -2138,16 +2796,16 @@ func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetStoreEngine() *gomock.Call {
 }
 
 // GetTakenIPs mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountId string) ([]net.IP, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetTakenIPs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountId string) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetTakenIPs", ctx, lockStrength, accountId)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]net.IP)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]netip.Addr)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetTakenIPs indicates an expected call of GetTakenIPs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetTakenIPs(ctx, lockStrength, accountId interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetTakenIPs(ctx, lockStrength, accountId any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetTakenIPs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetTakenIPs), ctx, lockStrength, accountId)
 }
@@ -2162,7 +2820,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetTargetsByServiceID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lock
 }
 
 // GetTargetsByServiceID indicates an expected call of GetTargetsByServiceID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetTargetsByServiceID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetTargetsByServiceID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetTargetsByServiceID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetTargetsByServiceID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -2177,37 +2835,37 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetTokenIDByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, secret string)
 }
 
 // GetTokenIDByHashedToken indicates an expected call of GetTokenIDByHashedToken.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetTokenIDByHashedToken(ctx, secret interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetTokenIDByHashedToken(ctx, secret any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetTokenIDByHashedToken", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetTokenIDByHashedToken), ctx, secret)
 }
 
 // GetUserByPATID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetUserByPATID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, patID string) (*types2.User, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetUserByPATID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, patID string) (*types3.User, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetUserByPATID", ctx, lockStrength, patID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.User)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.User)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetUserByPATID indicates an expected call of GetUserByPATID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserByPATID(ctx, lockStrength, patID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserByPATID(ctx, lockStrength, patID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserByPATID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetUserByPATID), ctx, lockStrength, patID)
 }
 
 // GetUserByUserID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetUserByUserID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, userID string) (*types2.User, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetUserByUserID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, userID string) (*types3.User, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetUserByUserID", ctx, lockStrength, userID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.User)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.User)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetUserByUserID indicates an expected call of GetUserByUserID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserByUserID(ctx, lockStrength, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserByUserID(ctx, lockStrength, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserByUserID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetUserByUserID), ctx, lockStrength, userID)
 }
@@ -2222,67 +2880,67 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Locking
 }
 
 // GetUserIDByPeerKey indicates an expected call of GetUserIDByPeerKey.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx, lockStrength, peerKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserIDByPeerKey(ctx, lockStrength, peerKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserIDByPeerKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetUserIDByPeerKey), ctx, lockStrength, peerKey)
 }
 
 // GetUserInviteByEmail mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetUserInviteByEmail(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, email string) (*types2.UserInviteRecord, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetUserInviteByEmail(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, email string) (*types3.UserInviteRecord, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetUserInviteByEmail", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, email)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.UserInviteRecord)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.UserInviteRecord)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetUserInviteByEmail indicates an expected call of GetUserInviteByEmail.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserInviteByEmail(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, email interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserInviteByEmail(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, email any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserInviteByEmail", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetUserInviteByEmail), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, email)
 }
 
 // GetUserInviteByHashedToken mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetUserInviteByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, hashedToken string) (*types2.UserInviteRecord, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetUserInviteByHashedToken(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, hashedToken string) (*types3.UserInviteRecord, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetUserInviteByHashedToken", ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.UserInviteRecord)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.UserInviteRecord)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetUserInviteByHashedToken indicates an expected call of GetUserInviteByHashedToken.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserInviteByHashedToken(ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserInviteByHashedToken(ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserInviteByHashedToken", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetUserInviteByHashedToken), ctx, lockStrength, hashedToken)
 }
 
 // GetUserInviteByID mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetUserInviteByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, inviteID string) (*types2.UserInviteRecord, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetUserInviteByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID, inviteID string) (*types3.UserInviteRecord, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetUserInviteByID", ctx, lockStrength, accountID, inviteID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types2.UserInviteRecord)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*types3.UserInviteRecord)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetUserInviteByID indicates an expected call of GetUserInviteByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserInviteByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, inviteID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserInviteByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, inviteID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserInviteByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetUserInviteByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, inviteID)
 }
 
 // GetUserPATs mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetUserPATs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, userID string) ([]*types2.PersonalAccessToken, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetUserPATs(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, userID string) ([]*types3.PersonalAccessToken, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetUserPATs", ctx, lockStrength, userID)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types2.PersonalAccessToken)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types3.PersonalAccessToken)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetUserPATs indicates an expected call of GetUserPATs.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserPATs(ctx, lockStrength, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserPATs(ctx, lockStrength, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserPATs", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetUserPATs), ctx, lockStrength, userID)
 }
@@ -2297,24 +2955,24 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetUserPeers(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStreng
 }
 
 // GetUserPeers indicates an expected call of GetUserPeers.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserPeers(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, userID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetUserPeers(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, userID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetUserPeers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetUserPeers), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, userID)
 }
 
 // GetZoneByDomain mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) GetZoneByDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, domain string) (*zones.Zone, error) {
+func (m *MockStore) GetZoneByDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID, arg2 string) (*zones.Zone, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetZoneByDomain", ctx, accountID, domain)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "GetZoneByDomain", ctx, accountID, arg2)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(*zones.Zone)
 	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
 	return ret0, ret1
 }
 
 // GetZoneByDomain indicates an expected call of GetZoneByDomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetZoneByDomain(ctx, accountID, domain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetZoneByDomain(ctx, accountID, arg2 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetZoneByDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetZoneByDomain), ctx, accountID, domain)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetZoneByDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetZoneByDomain), ctx, accountID, arg2)
 }
 
 // GetZoneByID mocks base method.
@@ -2327,7 +2985,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetZoneByID(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrengt
 }
 
 // GetZoneByID indicates an expected call of GetZoneByID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetZoneByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetZoneByID(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetZoneByID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetZoneByID), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID)
 }
@@ -2342,7 +3000,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetZoneDNSRecords(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingS
 }
 
 // GetZoneDNSRecords indicates an expected call of GetZoneDNSRecords.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetZoneDNSRecords(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetZoneDNSRecords(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetZoneDNSRecords", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetZoneDNSRecords), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID)
 }
@@ -2357,11 +3015,54 @@ func (m *MockStore) GetZoneDNSRecordsByName(ctx context.Context, lockStrength Lo
 }
 
 // GetZoneDNSRecordsByName indicates an expected call of GetZoneDNSRecordsByName.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetZoneDNSRecordsByName(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID, name interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) GetZoneDNSRecordsByName(ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID, name any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "GetZoneDNSRecordsByName", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).GetZoneDNSRecordsByName), ctx, lockStrength, accountID, zoneID, name)
 }
 
+// HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress string) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress", ctx, clusterAddress)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress indicates an expected call of HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress(ctx, clusterAddress any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).HasActiveProxyAtClusterAddress), ctx, clusterAddress)
+}
+
+// IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx context.Context, accountID string, kind types.ConsumptionDimension, dimID string, windowSeconds int64, windowStart time.Time, tokensIn, tokensOut int64, costUSD float64) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption", ctx, accountID, kind, dimID, windowSeconds, windowStart, tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption indicates an expected call of IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx, accountID, kind, dimID, windowSeconds, windowStart, tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption), ctx, accountID, kind, dimID, windowSeconds, windowStart, tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD)
+}
+
+// IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx context.Context, accountID string, keys []types.ConsumptionKey, tokensIn, tokensOut int64, costUSD float64) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch", ctx, accountID, keys, tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch indicates an expected call of IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch(ctx, accountID, keys, tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).IncrementAgentNetworkConsumptionBatch), ctx, accountID, keys, tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD)
+}
+
 // IncrementNetworkSerial mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx context.Context, accountId string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2371,7 +3072,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx context.Context, accountId string
 }
 
 // IncrementNetworkSerial indicates an expected call of IncrementNetworkSerial.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountId interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountId any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "IncrementNetworkSerial", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).IncrementNetworkSerial), ctx, accountId)
 }
@@ -2385,11 +3086,26 @@ func (m *MockStore) IncrementSetupKeyUsage(ctx context.Context, setupKeyID strin
 }
 
 // IncrementSetupKeyUsage indicates an expected call of IncrementSetupKeyUsage.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IncrementSetupKeyUsage(ctx, setupKeyID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IncrementSetupKeyUsage(ctx, setupKeyID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "IncrementSetupKeyUsage", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).IncrementSetupKeyUsage), ctx, setupKeyID)
 }
 
+// IsClusterAddressConflicting mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) IsClusterAddressConflicting(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress, accountID string) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "IsClusterAddressConflicting", ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// IsClusterAddressConflicting indicates an expected call of IsClusterAddressConflicting.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IsClusterAddressConflicting(ctx, clusterAddress, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "IsClusterAddressConflicting", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).IsClusterAddressConflicting), ctx, clusterAddress, accountID)
+}
+
 // IsPrimaryAccount mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) IsPrimaryAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (bool, string, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2401,11 +3117,41 @@ func (m *MockStore) IsPrimaryAccount(ctx context.Context, accountID string) (boo
 }
 
 // IsPrimaryAccount indicates an expected call of IsPrimaryAccount.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IsPrimaryAccount(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IsPrimaryAccount(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "IsPrimaryAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).IsPrimaryAccount), ctx, accountID)
 }
 
+// IsProxyAccessTokenValid mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) IsProxyAccessTokenValid(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "IsProxyAccessTokenValid", ctx, tokenID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// IsProxyAccessTokenValid indicates an expected call of IsProxyAccessTokenValid.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) IsProxyAccessTokenValid(ctx, tokenID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "IsProxyAccessTokenValid", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).IsProxyAccessTokenValid), ctx, tokenID)
+}
+
+// ListAgentNetworkConsumption mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) ListAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx context.Context, lockStrength LockingStrength, accountID string) ([]*types.Consumption, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "ListAgentNetworkConsumption", ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].([]*types.Consumption)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// ListAgentNetworkConsumption indicates an expected call of ListAgentNetworkConsumption.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) ListAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx, lockStrength, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListAgentNetworkConsumption", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).ListAgentNetworkConsumption), ctx, lockStrength, accountID)
+}
+
 // ListCustomDomains mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) ListCustomDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]*domain.Domain, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2416,7 +3162,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) ListCustomDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]
 }
 
 // ListCustomDomains indicates an expected call of ListCustomDomains.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) ListCustomDomains(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) ListCustomDomains(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListCustomDomains", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).ListCustomDomains), ctx, accountID)
 }
@@ -2431,7 +3177,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) ListFreeDomains(ctx context.Context, accountID string) ([]st
 }
 
 // ListFreeDomains indicates an expected call of ListFreeDomains.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) ListFreeDomains(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) ListFreeDomains(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "ListFreeDomains", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).ListFreeDomains), ctx, accountID)
 }
@@ -2445,7 +3191,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) MarkAccountPrimary(ctx context.Context, accountID string) er
 }
 
 // MarkAccountPrimary indicates an expected call of MarkAccountPrimary.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkAccountPrimary(ctx, accountID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkAccountPrimary(ctx, accountID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkAccountPrimary", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkAccountPrimary), ctx, accountID)
 }
@@ -2459,7 +3205,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) MarkAllPendingJobsAsFailed(ctx context.Context, accountID, p
 }
 
 // MarkAllPendingJobsAsFailed indicates an expected call of MarkAllPendingJobsAsFailed.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkAllPendingJobsAsFailed(ctx, accountID, peerID, reason interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkAllPendingJobsAsFailed(ctx, accountID, peerID, reason any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkAllPendingJobsAsFailed", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkAllPendingJobsAsFailed), ctx, accountID, peerID, reason)
 }
@@ -2473,11 +3219,41 @@ func (m *MockStore) MarkPATUsed(ctx context.Context, patID string) error {
 }
 
 // MarkPATUsed indicates an expected call of MarkPATUsed.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPATUsed(ctx, patID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPATUsed(ctx, patID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPATUsed", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkPATUsed), ctx, patID)
 }
 
+// MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, newSessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession", ctx, accountID, peerID, newSessionStartedAt)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession indicates an expected call of MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession(ctx, accountID, peerID, newSessionStartedAt any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkPeerConnectedIfNewerSession), ctx, accountID, peerID, newSessionStartedAt)
+}
+
+// MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, sessionStartedAt int64) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession", ctx, accountID, peerID, sessionStartedAt)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession indicates an expected call of MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession(ctx, accountID, peerID, sessionStartedAt any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkPeerDisconnectedIfSameSession), ctx, accountID, peerID, sessionStartedAt)
+}
+
 // MarkPendingJobsAsFailed mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) MarkPendingJobsAsFailed(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID, jobID, reason string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2487,7 +3263,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) MarkPendingJobsAsFailed(ctx context.Context, accountID, peer
 }
 
 // MarkPendingJobsAsFailed indicates an expected call of MarkPendingJobsAsFailed.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPendingJobsAsFailed(ctx, accountID, peerID, jobID, reason interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkPendingJobsAsFailed(ctx, accountID, peerID, jobID, reason any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkPendingJobsAsFailed", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkPendingJobsAsFailed), ctx, accountID, peerID, jobID, reason)
 }
@@ -2501,11 +3277,26 @@ func (m *MockStore) MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed(ctx context.Context, tokenID string
 }
 
 // MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed indicates an expected call of MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed(ctx, tokenID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed(ctx, tokenID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).MarkProxyAccessTokenUsed), ctx, tokenID)
 }
 
+// RefreshPeerLastSeen mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) RefreshPeerLastSeen(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, staleBefore time.Time) (bool, error) {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "RefreshPeerLastSeen", ctx, accountID, peerID, staleBefore)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(bool)
+	ret1, _ := ret[1].(error)
+	return ret0, ret1
+}
+
+// RefreshPeerLastSeen indicates an expected call of RefreshPeerLastSeen.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RefreshPeerLastSeen(ctx, accountID, peerID, staleBefore any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RefreshPeerLastSeen", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).RefreshPeerLastSeen), ctx, accountID, peerID, staleBefore)
+}
+
 // RemovePeerFromAllGroups mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) RemovePeerFromAllGroups(ctx context.Context, peerID string) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2515,7 +3306,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) RemovePeerFromAllGroups(ctx context.Context, peerID string)
 }
 
 // RemovePeerFromAllGroups indicates an expected call of RemovePeerFromAllGroups.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RemovePeerFromAllGroups(ctx, peerID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RemovePeerFromAllGroups(ctx, peerID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RemovePeerFromAllGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).RemovePeerFromAllGroups), ctx, peerID)
 }
@@ -2529,7 +3320,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx context.Context, peerID, groupID str
 }
 
 // RemovePeerFromGroup indicates an expected call of RemovePeerFromGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx, peerID, groupID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx, peerID, groupID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RemovePeerFromGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).RemovePeerFromGroup), ctx, peerID, groupID)
 }
@@ -2543,7 +3334,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) RemoveResourceFromGroup(ctx context.Context, accountId, grou
 }
 
 // RemoveResourceFromGroup indicates an expected call of RemoveResourceFromGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RemoveResourceFromGroup(ctx, accountId, groupID, resourceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RemoveResourceFromGroup(ctx, accountId, groupID, resourceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RemoveResourceFromGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).RemoveResourceFromGroup), ctx, accountId, groupID, resourceID)
 }
@@ -2557,7 +3348,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) RenewEphemeralService(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID
 }
 
 // RenewEphemeralService indicates an expected call of RenewEphemeralService.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RenewEphemeralService(ctx, accountID, peerID, serviceID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RenewEphemeralService(ctx, accountID, peerID, serviceID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RenewEphemeralService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).RenewEphemeralService), ctx, accountID, peerID, serviceID)
 }
@@ -2571,13 +3362,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) RevokeProxyAccessToken(ctx context.Context, tokenID string)
 }
 
 // RevokeProxyAccessToken indicates an expected call of RevokeProxyAccessToken.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RevokeProxyAccessToken(ctx, tokenID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) RevokeProxyAccessToken(ctx, tokenID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "RevokeProxyAccessToken", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).RevokeProxyAccessToken), ctx, tokenID)
 }
 
 // SaveAccount mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveAccount(ctx context.Context, account *types2.Account) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveAccount(ctx context.Context, account *types3.Account) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveAccount", ctx, account)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2585,13 +3376,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveAccount(ctx context.Context, account *types2.Account) er
 }
 
 // SaveAccount indicates an expected call of SaveAccount.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAccount(ctx, account interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAccount(ctx, account any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveAccount", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveAccount), ctx, account)
 }
 
 // SaveAccountOnboarding mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, onboarding *types2.AccountOnboarding) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, onboarding *types3.AccountOnboarding) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveAccountOnboarding", ctx, onboarding)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2599,13 +3390,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveAccountOnboarding(ctx context.Context, onboarding *types
 }
 
 // SaveAccountOnboarding indicates an expected call of SaveAccountOnboarding.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAccountOnboarding(ctx, onboarding interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAccountOnboarding(ctx, onboarding any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveAccountOnboarding", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveAccountOnboarding), ctx, onboarding)
 }
 
 // SaveAccountSettings mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, settings *types2.Settings) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, settings *types3.Settings) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveAccountSettings", ctx, accountID, settings)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2613,13 +3404,83 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveAccountSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, s
 }
 
 // SaveAccountSettings indicates an expected call of SaveAccountSettings.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, settings interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAccountSettings(ctx, accountID, settings any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveAccountSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveAccountSettings), ctx, accountID, settings)
 }
 
+// SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, rule *types.AccountBudgetRule) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule", ctx, rule)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule indicates an expected call of SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, rule any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule), ctx, rule)
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx context.Context, guardrail *types.Guardrail) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail", ctx, guardrail)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail indicates an expected call of SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail(ctx, guardrail any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveAgentNetworkGuardrail), ctx, guardrail)
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkPolicy mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types.Policy) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveAgentNetworkPolicy", ctx, policy)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkPolicy indicates an expected call of SaveAgentNetworkPolicy.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, policy any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveAgentNetworkPolicy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveAgentNetworkPolicy), ctx, policy)
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkProvider mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx context.Context, provider *types.Provider) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveAgentNetworkProvider", ctx, provider)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkProvider indicates an expected call of SaveAgentNetworkProvider.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, provider any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveAgentNetworkProvider", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveAgentNetworkProvider), ctx, provider)
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkSettings mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx context.Context, settings *types.Settings) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveAgentNetworkSettings", ctx, settings)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// SaveAgentNetworkSettings indicates an expected call of SaveAgentNetworkSettings.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, settings any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveAgentNetworkSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveAgentNetworkSettings), ctx, settings)
+}
+
 // SaveDNSSettings mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, settings *types2.DNSSettings) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, settings *types3.DNSSettings) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveDNSSettings", ctx, accountID, settings)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2627,7 +3488,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveDNSSettings(ctx context.Context, accountID string, setti
 }
 
 // SaveDNSSettings indicates an expected call of SaveDNSSettings.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveDNSSettings(ctx, accountID, settings interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveDNSSettings(ctx, accountID, settings any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveDNSSettings", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveDNSSettings), ctx, accountID, settings)
 }
@@ -2641,7 +3502,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveInstallationID(ctx context.Context, ID string) error {
 }
 
 // SaveInstallationID indicates an expected call of SaveInstallationID.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveInstallationID(ctx, ID interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveInstallationID(ctx, ID any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveInstallationID", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveInstallationID), ctx, ID)
 }
@@ -2655,13 +3516,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx context.Context, nameServerGroup *dn
 }
 
 // SaveNameServerGroup indicates an expected call of SaveNameServerGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx, nameServerGroup interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveNameServerGroup(ctx, nameServerGroup any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveNameServerGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveNameServerGroup), ctx, nameServerGroup)
 }
 
 // SaveNetwork mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveNetwork(ctx context.Context, network *types1.Network) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveNetwork(ctx context.Context, network *types2.Network) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveNetwork", ctx, network)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2669,13 +3530,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveNetwork(ctx context.Context, network *types1.Network) er
 }
 
 // SaveNetwork indicates an expected call of SaveNetwork.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveNetwork(ctx, network interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveNetwork(ctx, network any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveNetwork", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveNetwork), ctx, network)
 }
 
 // SaveNetworkResource mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveNetworkResource(ctx context.Context, resource *types.NetworkResource) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveNetworkResource(ctx context.Context, resource *types0.NetworkResource) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveNetworkResource", ctx, resource)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2683,27 +3544,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveNetworkResource(ctx context.Context, resource *types.Net
 }
 
 // SaveNetworkResource indicates an expected call of SaveNetworkResource.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveNetworkResource(ctx, resource interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveNetworkResource(ctx, resource any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveNetworkResource", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveNetworkResource), ctx, resource)
 }
 
-// SaveNetworkRouter mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *types0.NetworkRouter) error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveNetworkRouter", ctx, router)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// SaveNetworkRouter indicates an expected call of SaveNetworkRouter.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveNetworkRouter(ctx, router interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveNetworkRouter", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveNetworkRouter), ctx, router)
-}
-
 // SavePAT mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SavePAT(ctx context.Context, pat *types2.PersonalAccessToken) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SavePAT(ctx context.Context, pat *types3.PersonalAccessToken) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SavePAT", ctx, pat)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2711,37 +3558,23 @@ func (m *MockStore) SavePAT(ctx context.Context, pat *types2.PersonalAccessToken
 }
 
 // SavePAT indicates an expected call of SavePAT.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePAT(ctx, pat interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePAT(ctx, pat any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePAT", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SavePAT), ctx, pat)
 }
 
 // SavePeer mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SavePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *peer.Peer) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SavePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID string, arg2 *peer.Peer) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SavePeer", ctx, accountID, peer)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SavePeer", ctx, accountID, arg2)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // SavePeer indicates an expected call of SavePeer.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePeer(ctx, accountID, peer interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePeer(ctx, accountID, arg2 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SavePeer), ctx, accountID, peer)
-}
-
-// SavePeerLocation mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SavePeerLocation(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peer *peer.Peer) error {
-	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SavePeerLocation", ctx, accountID, peer)
-	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
-	return ret0
-}
-
-// SavePeerLocation indicates an expected call of SavePeerLocation.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePeerLocation(ctx, accountID, peer interface{}) *gomock.Call {
-	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePeerLocation", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SavePeerLocation), ctx, accountID, peer)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePeer", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SavePeer), ctx, accountID, arg2)
 }
 
 // SavePeerStatus mocks base method.
@@ -2753,13 +3586,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) SavePeerStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string
 }
 
 // SavePeerStatus indicates an expected call of SavePeerStatus.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePeerStatus(ctx, accountID, peerID, status interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePeerStatus(ctx, accountID, peerID, status any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePeerStatus", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SavePeerStatus), ctx, accountID, peerID, status)
 }
 
 // SavePolicy mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types2.Policy) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types3.Policy) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SavePolicy", ctx, policy)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2767,7 +3600,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) SavePolicy(ctx context.Context, policy *types2.Policy) error
 }
 
 // SavePolicy indicates an expected call of SavePolicy.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePolicy(ctx, policy interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePolicy(ctx, policy any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePolicy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SavePolicy), ctx, policy)
 }
@@ -2781,27 +3614,27 @@ func (m *MockStore) SavePostureChecks(ctx context.Context, postureCheck *posture
 }
 
 // SavePostureChecks indicates an expected call of SavePostureChecks.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePostureChecks(ctx, postureCheck interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SavePostureChecks(ctx, postureCheck any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SavePostureChecks", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SavePostureChecks), ctx, postureCheck)
 }
 
 // SaveProxy mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveProxy(ctx context.Context, proxy *proxy.Proxy) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveProxy(ctx context.Context, arg1 *proxy.Proxy) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveProxy", ctx, proxy)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveProxy", ctx, arg1)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // SaveProxy indicates an expected call of SaveProxy.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveProxy(ctx, proxy interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveProxy(ctx, arg1 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveProxy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveProxy), ctx, proxy)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveProxy", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveProxy), ctx, arg1)
 }
 
 // SaveProxyAccessToken mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token *types2.ProxyAccessToken) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token *types3.ProxyAccessToken) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveProxyAccessToken", ctx, token)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2809,27 +3642,27 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx context.Context, token *types2.Prox
 }
 
 // SaveProxyAccessToken indicates an expected call of SaveProxyAccessToken.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx, token interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx, token any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveProxyAccessToken", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveProxyAccessToken), ctx, token)
 }
 
 // SaveRoute mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveRoute(ctx context.Context, route *route.Route) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveRoute(ctx context.Context, arg1 *route.Route) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveRoute", ctx, route)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveRoute", ctx, arg1)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // SaveRoute indicates an expected call of SaveRoute.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveRoute(ctx, route interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveRoute(ctx, arg1 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveRoute", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveRoute), ctx, route)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveRoute", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveRoute), ctx, arg1)
 }
 
 // SaveSetupKey mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveSetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey *types2.SetupKey) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveSetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey *types3.SetupKey) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveSetupKey", ctx, setupKey)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2837,13 +3670,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveSetupKey(ctx context.Context, setupKey *types2.SetupKey)
 }
 
 // SaveSetupKey indicates an expected call of SaveSetupKey.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveSetupKey(ctx, setupKey interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveSetupKey(ctx, setupKey any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveSetupKey", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveSetupKey), ctx, setupKey)
 }
 
 // SaveUser mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveUser(ctx context.Context, user *types2.User) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveUser(ctx context.Context, user *types3.User) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveUser", ctx, user)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2851,13 +3684,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveUser(ctx context.Context, user *types2.User) error {
 }
 
 // SaveUser indicates an expected call of SaveUser.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveUser(ctx, user interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveUser(ctx, user any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveUser", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveUser), ctx, user)
 }
 
 // SaveUserInvite mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveUserInvite(ctx context.Context, invite *types2.UserInviteRecord) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveUserInvite(ctx context.Context, invite *types3.UserInviteRecord) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveUserInvite", ctx, invite)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2865,7 +3698,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveUserInvite(ctx context.Context, invite *types2.UserInvit
 }
 
 // SaveUserInvite indicates an expected call of SaveUserInvite.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveUserInvite(ctx, invite interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveUserInvite(ctx, invite any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveUserInvite", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveUserInvite), ctx, invite)
 }
@@ -2879,13 +3712,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveUserLastLogin(ctx context.Context, accountID, userID str
 }
 
 // SaveUserLastLogin indicates an expected call of SaveUserLastLogin.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveUserLastLogin(ctx, accountID, userID, lastLogin interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveUserLastLogin(ctx, accountID, userID, lastLogin any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveUserLastLogin", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveUserLastLogin), ctx, accountID, userID, lastLogin)
 }
 
 // SaveUsers mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) SaveUsers(ctx context.Context, users []*types2.User) error {
+func (m *MockStore) SaveUsers(ctx context.Context, users []*types3.User) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "SaveUsers", ctx, users)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2893,7 +3726,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) SaveUsers(ctx context.Context, users []*types2.User) error {
 }
 
 // SaveUsers indicates an expected call of SaveUsers.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveUsers(ctx, users interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SaveUsers(ctx, users any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SaveUsers", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SaveUsers), ctx, users)
 }
@@ -2905,23 +3738,23 @@ func (m *MockStore) SetFieldEncrypt(enc *crypt.FieldEncrypt) {
 }
 
 // SetFieldEncrypt indicates an expected call of SetFieldEncrypt.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SetFieldEncrypt(enc interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) SetFieldEncrypt(enc any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "SetFieldEncrypt", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).SetFieldEncrypt), enc)
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountDomainAttributes mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(ctx context.Context, accountID, domain, category string, isPrimaryDomain bool) error {
+func (m *MockStore) UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(ctx context.Context, accountID, arg2, category string, isPrimaryDomain bool) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateAccountDomainAttributes", ctx, accountID, domain, category, isPrimaryDomain)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateAccountDomainAttributes", ctx, accountID, arg2, category, isPrimaryDomain)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountDomainAttributes indicates an expected call of UpdateAccountDomainAttributes.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(ctx, accountID, domain, category, isPrimaryDomain interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateAccountDomainAttributes(ctx, accountID, arg2, category, isPrimaryDomain any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountDomainAttributes", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateAccountDomainAttributes), ctx, accountID, domain, category, isPrimaryDomain)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountDomainAttributes", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateAccountDomainAttributes), ctx, accountID, arg2, category, isPrimaryDomain)
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountNetwork mocks base method.
@@ -2933,11 +3766,25 @@ func (m *MockStore) UpdateAccountNetwork(ctx context.Context, accountID string,
 }
 
 // UpdateAccountNetwork indicates an expected call of UpdateAccountNetwork.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateAccountNetwork(ctx, accountID, ipNet interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateAccountNetwork(ctx, accountID, ipNet any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountNetwork", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateAccountNetwork), ctx, accountID, ipNet)
 }
 
+// UpdateAccountNetworkV6 mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) UpdateAccountNetworkV6(ctx context.Context, accountID string, ipNet net.IPNet) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateAccountNetworkV6", ctx, accountID, ipNet)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// UpdateAccountNetworkV6 indicates an expected call of UpdateAccountNetworkV6.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateAccountNetworkV6(ctx, accountID, ipNet any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateAccountNetworkV6", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateAccountNetworkV6), ctx, accountID, ipNet)
+}
+
 // UpdateCustomDomain mocks base method.
 func (m *MockStore) UpdateCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, d *domain.Domain) (*domain.Domain, error) {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
@@ -2948,7 +3795,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) UpdateCustomDomain(ctx context.Context, accountID string, d
 }
 
 // UpdateCustomDomain indicates an expected call of UpdateCustomDomain.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, d interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateCustomDomain(ctx, accountID, d any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateCustomDomain", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateCustomDomain), ctx, accountID, d)
 }
@@ -2962,13 +3809,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) UpdateDNSRecord(ctx context.Context, record *records.Record)
 }
 
 // UpdateDNSRecord indicates an expected call of UpdateDNSRecord.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateDNSRecord(ctx, record interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateDNSRecord(ctx, record any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateDNSRecord", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateDNSRecord), ctx, record)
 }
 
 // UpdateGroup mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, group *types2.Group) error {
+func (m *MockStore) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, group *types3.Group) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateGroup", ctx, group)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2976,13 +3823,13 @@ func (m *MockStore) UpdateGroup(ctx context.Context, group *types2.Group) error
 }
 
 // UpdateGroup indicates an expected call of UpdateGroup.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateGroup(ctx, group interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateGroup(ctx, group any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateGroup", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateGroup), ctx, group)
 }
 
 // UpdateGroups mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) UpdateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []*types2.Group) error {
+func (m *MockStore) UpdateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups []*types3.Group) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateGroups", ctx, accountID, groups)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
@@ -2990,37 +3837,51 @@ func (m *MockStore) UpdateGroups(ctx context.Context, accountID string, groups [
 }
 
 // UpdateGroups indicates an expected call of UpdateGroups.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateGroups(ctx, accountID, groups interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateGroups(ctx, accountID, groups any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateGroups", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateGroups), ctx, accountID, groups)
 }
 
-// UpdateProxyHeartbeat mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress string) error {
+// UpdateNetworkRouter mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx context.Context, router *types1.NetworkRouter) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateProxyHeartbeat", ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateNetworkRouter", ctx, router)
+	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
+	return ret0
+}
+
+// UpdateNetworkRouter indicates an expected call of UpdateNetworkRouter.
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateNetworkRouter(ctx, router any) *gomock.Call {
+	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateNetworkRouter", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateNetworkRouter), ctx, router)
+}
+
+// UpdateProxyHeartbeat mocks base method.
+func (m *MockStore) UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, p *proxy.Proxy) error {
+	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateProxyHeartbeat", ctx, p)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // UpdateProxyHeartbeat indicates an expected call of UpdateProxyHeartbeat.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateProxyHeartbeat(ctx, p any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateProxyHeartbeat", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateProxyHeartbeat), ctx, proxyID, clusterAddress, ipAddress)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateProxyHeartbeat", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateProxyHeartbeat), ctx, p)
 }
 
 // UpdateService mocks base method.
-func (m *MockStore) UpdateService(ctx context.Context, service *service.Service) error {
+func (m *MockStore) UpdateService(ctx context.Context, arg1 *service.Service) error {
 	m.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateService", ctx, service)
+	ret := m.ctrl.Call(m, "UpdateService", ctx, arg1)
 	ret0, _ := ret[0].(error)
 	return ret0
 }
 
 // UpdateService indicates an expected call of UpdateService.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateService(ctx, service interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateService(ctx, arg1 any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
-	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateService), ctx, service)
+	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateService", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateService), ctx, arg1)
 }
 
 // UpdateZone mocks base method.
@@ -3032,7 +3893,7 @@ func (m *MockStore) UpdateZone(ctx context.Context, zone *zones.Zone) error {
 }
 
 // UpdateZone indicates an expected call of UpdateZone.
-func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateZone(ctx, zone interface{}) *gomock.Call {
+func (mr *MockStoreMockRecorder) UpdateZone(ctx, zone any) *gomock.Call {
 	mr.mock.ctrl.T.Helper()
 	return mr.mock.ctrl.RecordCallWithMethodType(mr.mock, "UpdateZone", reflect.TypeOf((*MockStore)(nil).UpdateZone), ctx, zone)
 }
diff --git a/management/server/telemetry/accountmanager_metrics.go b/management/server/telemetry/accountmanager_metrics.go
index 3b1e078eb..4b370bde3 100644
--- a/management/server/telemetry/accountmanager_metrics.go
+++ b/management/server/telemetry/accountmanager_metrics.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"time"
 
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 )
 
@@ -11,9 +12,13 @@ import (
 type AccountManagerMetrics struct {
 	ctx                          context.Context
 	updateAccountPeersDurationMs metric.Float64Histogram
+	updateAccountPeersCounter    metric.Int64Counter
+	nmapCounter                  metric.Int64Counter
 	getPeerNetworkMapDurationMs  metric.Float64Histogram
 	networkMapObjectCount        metric.Int64Histogram
 	peerMetaUpdateCount          metric.Int64Counter
+	peerStatusUpdateCounter      metric.Int64Counter
+	peerStatusUpdateDurationMs   metric.Float64Histogram
 }
 
 // NewAccountManagerMetrics creates an instance of AccountManagerMetrics
@@ -48,6 +53,20 @@ func NewAccountManagerMetrics(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter) (*Account
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	updateAccountPeersCounter, err := meter.Int64Counter("management.account.update.account.peers.counter",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Number of account peers updates triggered, labeled by resource and operation"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	nmapCounter, err := meter.Int64Counter("management.network.map.counter",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Number of network maps computed, labeled by resource and operation trigger"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	peerMetaUpdateCount, err := meter.Int64Counter("management.account.peer.meta.update.counter",
 		metric.WithUnit("1"),
 		metric.WithDescription("Number of updates with new meta data from the peers"))
@@ -55,16 +74,61 @@ func NewAccountManagerMetrics(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter) (*Account
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	// peerStatusUpdateCounter records every attempt to mark a peer as connected or disconnected
+	peerStatusUpdateCounter, err := meter.Int64Counter("management.account.peer.status.update.counter",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Number of peer status update attempts, labeled by operation (connect|disconnect) and outcome (applied|stale|error|peer_not_found)"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	peerStatusUpdateDurationMs, err := meter.Float64Histogram("management.account.peer.status.update.duration.ms",
+		metric.WithUnit("milliseconds"),
+		metric.WithExplicitBucketBoundaries(
+			1, 5, 15, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000,
+		),
+		metric.WithDescription("Duration of a peer status update (fence UPDATE + post-write side effects), labeled by operation"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	return &AccountManagerMetrics{
 		ctx:                          ctx,
 		getPeerNetworkMapDurationMs:  getPeerNetworkMapDurationMs,
 		updateAccountPeersDurationMs: updateAccountPeersDurationMs,
+		updateAccountPeersCounter:    updateAccountPeersCounter,
 		networkMapObjectCount:        networkMapObjectCount,
 		peerMetaUpdateCount:          peerMetaUpdateCount,
+		peerStatusUpdateCounter:      peerStatusUpdateCounter,
+		peerStatusUpdateDurationMs:   peerStatusUpdateDurationMs,
+		nmapCounter:                  nmapCounter,
 	}, nil
 
 }
 
+// PeerStatusOperation labels the kind of fence-locked peer status write.
+type PeerStatusOperation string
+
+// PeerStatusOutcome labels how a fence-locked peer status write resolved.
+type PeerStatusOutcome string
+
+const (
+	PeerStatusConnect    PeerStatusOperation = "connect"
+	PeerStatusDisconnect PeerStatusOperation = "disconnect"
+
+	// PeerStatusApplied — the fence WHERE matched and the UPDATE landed.
+	PeerStatusApplied PeerStatusOutcome = "applied"
+	// PeerStatusStale — the fence WHERE rejected the write because a
+	// newer session has already taken ownership (connect: stored token
+	// >= incoming; disconnect: stored token != incoming).
+	PeerStatusStale PeerStatusOutcome = "stale"
+	// PeerStatusError — the store returned a non-NotFound error.
+	PeerStatusError PeerStatusOutcome = "error"
+	// PeerStatusPeerNotFound — the peer lookup failed (the peer was
+	// deleted between the gRPC sync handshake and the status write).
+	PeerStatusPeerNotFound PeerStatusOutcome = "peer_not_found"
+)
+
 // CountUpdateAccountPeersDuration counts the duration of updating account peers
 func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) CountUpdateAccountPeersDuration(duration time.Duration) {
 	metrics.updateAccountPeersDurationMs.Record(metrics.ctx, float64(duration.Nanoseconds())/1e6)
@@ -80,7 +144,47 @@ func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) CountNetworkMapObjects(count int64) {
 	metrics.networkMapObjectCount.Record(metrics.ctx, count)
 }
 
+// CountUpdateAccountPeersTriggered increments the counter for account peers updates with resource and operation labels.
+func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) CountUpdateAccountPeersTriggered(resource, operation string) {
+	metrics.updateAccountPeersCounter.Add(metrics.ctx, 1,
+		metric.WithAttributes(
+			attribute.String("resource", resource),
+			attribute.String("operation", operation),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+// CountNmapTriggered increments the counter for calculated network maps with resource and operation labels.
+func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) CountNmapTriggered(resource, operation string) {
+	metrics.nmapCounter.Add(metrics.ctx, 1,
+		metric.WithAttributes(
+			attribute.String("resource", resource),
+			attribute.String("operation", operation),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
 // CountPeerMetUpdate counts the number of peer meta updates
 func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) CountPeerMetUpdate() {
 	metrics.peerMetaUpdateCount.Add(metrics.ctx, 1)
 }
+
+// CountPeerStatusUpdate increments the connect/disconnect counter,
+// labeled by operation and outcome. Both labels are bounded enums.
+func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) CountPeerStatusUpdate(op PeerStatusOperation, outcome PeerStatusOutcome) {
+	metrics.peerStatusUpdateCounter.Add(metrics.ctx, 1,
+		metric.WithAttributes(
+			attribute.String("operation", string(op)),
+			attribute.String("outcome", string(outcome)),
+		),
+	)
+}
+
+// RecordPeerStatusUpdateDuration records the wall-clock time spent
+// running a peer status update (including post-write side effects),
+// labeled by operation.
+func (metrics *AccountManagerMetrics) RecordPeerStatusUpdateDuration(op PeerStatusOperation, d time.Duration) {
+	metrics.peerStatusUpdateDurationMs.Record(metrics.ctx, float64(d.Nanoseconds())/1e6,
+		metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("operation", string(op))),
+	)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/telemetry/app_metrics.go b/management/server/telemetry/app_metrics.go
index 1fd78bc3a..fd9087a96 100644
--- a/management/server/telemetry/app_metrics.go
+++ b/management/server/telemetry/app_metrics.go
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ type MockAppMetrics struct {
 	StoreMetricsFunc             func() *StoreMetrics
 	UpdateChannelMetricsFunc     func() *UpdateChannelMetrics
 	AddAccountManagerMetricsFunc func() *AccountManagerMetrics
+	EphemeralPeersMetricsFunc    func() *EphemeralPeersMetrics
 }
 
 // GetMeter mocks the GetMeter function of the AppMetrics interface
@@ -103,6 +104,14 @@ func (mock *MockAppMetrics) AccountManagerMetrics() *AccountManagerMetrics {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// EphemeralPeersMetrics mocks the MockAppMetrics function of the EphemeralPeersMetrics interface
+func (mock *MockAppMetrics) EphemeralPeersMetrics() *EphemeralPeersMetrics {
+	if mock.EphemeralPeersMetricsFunc != nil {
+		return mock.EphemeralPeersMetricsFunc()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // AppMetrics is metrics interface
 type AppMetrics interface {
 	GetMeter() metric2.Meter
@@ -114,6 +123,7 @@ type AppMetrics interface {
 	StoreMetrics() *StoreMetrics
 	UpdateChannelMetrics() *UpdateChannelMetrics
 	AccountManagerMetrics() *AccountManagerMetrics
+	EphemeralPeersMetrics() *EphemeralPeersMetrics
 }
 
 // defaultAppMetrics are core application metrics based on OpenTelemetry https://opentelemetry.io/
@@ -129,6 +139,7 @@ type defaultAppMetrics struct {
 	storeMetrics          *StoreMetrics
 	updateChannelMetrics  *UpdateChannelMetrics
 	accountManagerMetrics *AccountManagerMetrics
+	ephemeralMetrics      *EphemeralPeersMetrics
 }
 
 // IDPMetrics returns metrics for the idp package
@@ -161,6 +172,11 @@ func (appMetrics *defaultAppMetrics) AccountManagerMetrics() *AccountManagerMetr
 	return appMetrics.accountManagerMetrics
 }
 
+// EphemeralPeersMetrics returns metrics for the ephemeral peer cleanup loop
+func (appMetrics *defaultAppMetrics) EphemeralPeersMetrics() *EphemeralPeersMetrics {
+	return appMetrics.ephemeralMetrics
+}
+
 // Close stop application metrics HTTP handler and closes listener.
 func (appMetrics *defaultAppMetrics) Close() error {
 	if appMetrics.listener == nil {
@@ -245,6 +261,11 @@ func NewDefaultAppMetrics(ctx context.Context) (AppMetrics, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize account manager metrics: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	ephemeralMetrics, err := NewEphemeralPeersMetrics(ctx, meter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize ephemeral peers metrics: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return &defaultAppMetrics{
 		Meter:                 meter,
 		ctx:                   ctx,
@@ -254,6 +275,7 @@ func NewDefaultAppMetrics(ctx context.Context) (AppMetrics, error) {
 		storeMetrics:          storeMetrics,
 		updateChannelMetrics:  updateChannelMetrics,
 		accountManagerMetrics: accountManagerMetrics,
+		ephemeralMetrics:      ephemeralMetrics,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -290,6 +312,11 @@ func NewAppMetricsWithMeter(ctx context.Context, meter metric2.Meter) (AppMetric
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize account manager metrics: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	ephemeralMetrics, err := NewEphemeralPeersMetrics(ctx, meter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize ephemeral peers metrics: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return &defaultAppMetrics{
 		Meter:                 meter,
 		ctx:                   ctx,
@@ -300,5 +327,6 @@ func NewAppMetricsWithMeter(ctx context.Context, meter metric2.Meter) (AppMetric
 		storeMetrics:          storeMetrics,
 		updateChannelMetrics:  updateChannelMetrics,
 		accountManagerMetrics: accountManagerMetrics,
+		ephemeralMetrics:      ephemeralMetrics,
 	}, nil
 }
diff --git a/management/server/telemetry/ephemeral_metrics.go b/management/server/telemetry/ephemeral_metrics.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7fb432f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/telemetry/ephemeral_metrics.go
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package telemetry
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
+)
+
+// EphemeralPeersMetrics tracks the ephemeral peer cleanup pipeline: how
+// many peers are currently scheduled for deletion, how many tick runs
+// the cleaner has performed, how many peers it has removed, and how
+// many delete batches failed.
+type EphemeralPeersMetrics struct {
+	ctx context.Context
+
+	pending      metric.Int64UpDownCounter
+	cleanupRuns  metric.Int64Counter
+	peersCleaned metric.Int64Counter
+	errors       metric.Int64Counter
+}
+
+// NewEphemeralPeersMetrics constructs the ephemeral cleanup counters.
+func NewEphemeralPeersMetrics(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter) (*EphemeralPeersMetrics, error) {
+	pending, err := meter.Int64UpDownCounter("management.ephemeral.peers.pending",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Number of ephemeral peers currently waiting to be cleaned up"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	cleanupRuns, err := meter.Int64Counter("management.ephemeral.cleanup.runs.counter",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Number of ephemeral cleanup ticks that processed at least one peer"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	peersCleaned, err := meter.Int64Counter("management.ephemeral.peers.cleaned.counter",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Total number of ephemeral peers deleted by the cleanup loop"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	errors, err := meter.Int64Counter("management.ephemeral.cleanup.errors.counter",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Number of ephemeral cleanup batches (per account) that failed to delete"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &EphemeralPeersMetrics{
+		ctx:          ctx,
+		pending:      pending,
+		cleanupRuns:  cleanupRuns,
+		peersCleaned: peersCleaned,
+		errors:       errors,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// All methods are nil-receiver safe so callers that haven't wired metrics
+// (tests, self-hosted with metrics off) can invoke them unconditionally.
+
+// IncPending bumps the pending gauge when a peer is added to the cleanup list.
+func (m *EphemeralPeersMetrics) IncPending() {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.pending.Add(m.ctx, 1)
+}
+
+// AddPending bumps the pending gauge by n — used at startup when the
+// initial set of ephemeral peers is loaded from the store.
+func (m *EphemeralPeersMetrics) AddPending(n int64) {
+	if m == nil || n <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	m.pending.Add(m.ctx, n)
+}
+
+// DecPending decreases the pending gauge — used both when a peer reconnects
+// before its deadline (removed from the list) and when a cleanup tick
+// actually deletes it.
+func (m *EphemeralPeersMetrics) DecPending(n int64) {
+	if m == nil || n <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	m.pending.Add(m.ctx, -n)
+}
+
+// CountCleanupRun records one cleanup pass that processed >0 peers. Idle
+// ticks (nothing to do) deliberately don't increment so the rate
+// reflects useful work.
+func (m *EphemeralPeersMetrics) CountCleanupRun() {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.cleanupRuns.Add(m.ctx, 1)
+}
+
+// CountPeersCleaned records the number of peers a single tick deleted.
+func (m *EphemeralPeersMetrics) CountPeersCleaned(n int64) {
+	if m == nil || n <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	m.peersCleaned.Add(m.ctx, n)
+}
+
+// CountCleanupError records a failed delete batch.
+func (m *EphemeralPeersMetrics) CountCleanupError() {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.errors.Add(m.ctx, 1)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/telemetry/http_api_metrics.go b/management/server/telemetry/http_api_metrics.go
index e48e6d64a..360d36949 100644
--- a/management/server/telemetry/http_api_metrics.go
+++ b/management/server/telemetry/http_api_metrics.go
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ const (
 	httpRequestCounterPrefix  = "management.http.request.counter"
 	httpResponseCounterPrefix = "management.http.response.counter"
 	httpRequestDurationPrefix = "management.http.request.duration.ms"
+
+	RequestIDHeader = "X-Request-Id"
 )
 
 // WrappedResponseWriter is a wrapper for http.ResponseWriter that allows the
@@ -172,6 +174,10 @@ func (m *HTTPMiddleware) Handler(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
 		reqID := xid.New().String()
 		//nolint
 		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, nbContext.RequestIDKey, reqID)
+		//nolint
+		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, nbContext.UserAgentKey, r.UserAgent())
+
+		rw.Header().Set(RequestIDHeader, reqID)
 
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("HTTP request %v: %v %v", reqID, r.Method, r.URL)
 
diff --git a/management/server/telemetry/updatechannel_metrics.go b/management/server/telemetry/updatechannel_metrics.go
index 2b280b352..ade46be59 100644
--- a/management/server/telemetry/updatechannel_metrics.go
+++ b/management/server/telemetry/updatechannel_metrics.go
@@ -10,19 +10,20 @@ import (
 
 // UpdateChannelMetrics represents all metrics related to the UpdateChannel
 type UpdateChannelMetrics struct {
-	createChannelDurationMicro        metric.Int64Histogram
-	closeChannelDurationMicro         metric.Int64Histogram
-	closeChannelsDurationMicro        metric.Int64Histogram
-	closeChannels                     metric.Int64Histogram
-	sendUpdateDurationMicro           metric.Int64Histogram
-	getAllConnectedPeersDurationMicro metric.Int64Histogram
-	getAllConnectedPeers              metric.Int64Histogram
-	hasChannelDurationMicro           metric.Int64Histogram
-	calcPostureChecksDurationMicro    metric.Int64Histogram
-	calcPeerNetworkMapDurationMs      metric.Int64Histogram
-	mergeNetworkMapDurationMicro      metric.Int64Histogram
-	toSyncResponseDurationMicro       metric.Int64Histogram
-	ctx                               context.Context
+	createChannelDurationMicro           metric.Int64Histogram
+	closeChannelDurationMicro            metric.Int64Histogram
+	closeChannelsDurationMicro           metric.Int64Histogram
+	closeChannels                        metric.Int64Histogram
+	sendUpdateDurationMicro              metric.Int64Histogram
+	getAllConnectedPeersDurationMicro    metric.Int64Histogram
+	getAllConnectedPeers                 metric.Int64Histogram
+	hasChannelDurationMicro              metric.Int64Histogram
+	calcPostureChecksDurationMicro       metric.Int64Histogram
+	calcPeerNetworkMapDurationMs         metric.Int64Histogram
+	mergeNetworkMapDurationMicro         metric.Int64Histogram
+	toSyncResponseDurationMicro          metric.Int64Histogram
+	toComponentSyncResponseDurationMicro metric.Int64Histogram
+	ctx                                  context.Context
 }
 
 // NewUpdateChannelMetrics creates an instance of UpdateChannel
@@ -125,20 +126,29 @@ func NewUpdateChannelMetrics(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter) (*UpdateCh
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	toComponentSyncResponseDurationMicro, err := meter.Int64Histogram("management.updatechannel.tocomponentsyncresponse.duration.micro",
+		metric.WithUnit("microseconds"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Duration of how long it takes to convert components to component sync response"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	return &UpdateChannelMetrics{
-		createChannelDurationMicro:        createChannelDurationMicro,
-		closeChannelDurationMicro:         closeChannelDurationMicro,
-		closeChannelsDurationMicro:        closeChannelsDurationMicro,
-		closeChannels:                     closeChannels,
-		sendUpdateDurationMicro:           sendUpdateDurationMicro,
-		getAllConnectedPeersDurationMicro: getAllConnectedPeersDurationMicro,
-		getAllConnectedPeers:              getAllConnectedPeers,
-		hasChannelDurationMicro:           hasChannelDurationMicro,
-		calcPostureChecksDurationMicro:    calcPostureChecksDurationMicro,
-		calcPeerNetworkMapDurationMs:      calcPeerNetworkMapDurationMs,
-		mergeNetworkMapDurationMicro:      mergeNetworkMapDurationMicro,
-		toSyncResponseDurationMicro:       toSyncResponseDurationMicro,
-		ctx:                               ctx,
+		createChannelDurationMicro:           createChannelDurationMicro,
+		closeChannelDurationMicro:            closeChannelDurationMicro,
+		closeChannelsDurationMicro:           closeChannelsDurationMicro,
+		closeChannels:                        closeChannels,
+		sendUpdateDurationMicro:              sendUpdateDurationMicro,
+		getAllConnectedPeersDurationMicro:    getAllConnectedPeersDurationMicro,
+		getAllConnectedPeers:                 getAllConnectedPeers,
+		hasChannelDurationMicro:              hasChannelDurationMicro,
+		calcPostureChecksDurationMicro:       calcPostureChecksDurationMicro,
+		calcPeerNetworkMapDurationMs:         calcPeerNetworkMapDurationMs,
+		mergeNetworkMapDurationMicro:         mergeNetworkMapDurationMicro,
+		toSyncResponseDurationMicro:          toSyncResponseDurationMicro,
+		toComponentSyncResponseDurationMicro: toComponentSyncResponseDurationMicro,
+		ctx:                                  ctx,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -193,3 +203,7 @@ func (metrics *UpdateChannelMetrics) CountMergeNetworkMapDuration(duration time.
 func (metrics *UpdateChannelMetrics) CountToSyncResponseDuration(duration time.Duration) {
 	metrics.toSyncResponseDurationMicro.Record(metrics.ctx, duration.Microseconds())
 }
+
+func (metrics *UpdateChannelMetrics) CountToComponentSyncResponseDuration(duration time.Duration) {
+	metrics.toComponentSyncResponseDurationMicro.Record(metrics.ctx, duration.Microseconds())
+}
diff --git a/management/server/testdata/networks.sql b/management/server/testdata/networks.sql
index bcb202084..911b3bb27 100644
--- a/management/server/testdata/networks.sql
+++ b/management/server/testdata/networks.sql
@@ -9,9 +9,13 @@ INSERT INTO peers VALUES('testPeerId','testAccountId','5rvhvriKJZ3S9oxYToVj5TzDM
 
 CREATE TABLE `networks` (`id` text,`account_id` text,`name` text,`description` text,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),CONSTRAINT `fk_accounts_networks` FOREIGN KEY (`account_id`) REFERENCES `accounts`(`id`));
 INSERT INTO networks VALUES('testNetworkId','testAccountId','some-name','some-description');
+INSERT INTO networks VALUES('secondNetworkId','testAccountId','second-name','second-description');
 
 CREATE TABLE `network_routers` (`id` text,`network_id` text,`account_id` text,`peer` text,`peer_groups` text,`masquerade` numeric,`metric` integer,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),CONSTRAINT `fk_accounts_network_routers` FOREIGN KEY (`account_id`) REFERENCES `accounts`(`id`));
 INSERT INTO network_routers VALUES('testRouterId','testNetworkId','testAccountId','','["csquuo4jcko732k1ag00"]',0,9999);
+INSERT INTO accounts VALUES('otherAccountId','','2024-10-02 16:01:38.000000000+00:00','other.com','private',1,'otherNetworkIdentifier','{"IP":"100.65.0.0","Mask":"//8AAA=="}','',0,'[]',0,86400000000000,0,0,0,'',NULL,NULL,NULL);
+INSERT INTO networks VALUES('otherNetworkId','otherAccountId','other-net','other-description');
+INSERT INTO network_routers VALUES('otherRouterId','otherNetworkId','otherAccountId','otherPeer',NULL,0,1);
 
 CREATE TABLE `network_resources` (`id` text,`network_id` text,`account_id` text,`name` text,`description` text,`type` text,`address` text,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),CONSTRAINT `fk_accounts_network_resources` FOREIGN KEY (`account_id`) REFERENCES `accounts`(`id`));
 INSERT INTO network_resources VALUES('testResourceId','testNetworkId','testAccountId','some-name','some-description','host','3.3.3.3/32');
diff --git a/management/server/types/account.go b/management/server/types/account.go
index c448813db..d0688d1ee 100644
--- a/management/server/types/account.go
+++ b/management/server/types/account.go
@@ -3,15 +3,12 @@ package types
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -20,49 +17,30 @@ import (
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	proxydomain "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
 	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
 	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
 	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
 const (
-	defaultTTL                      = 300
+	// privateServiceDNSRecordTTL is short so proxy-peer changes propagate quickly to clients.
+	privateServiceDNSRecordTTL      = 5
 	DefaultPeerLoginExpiration      = 24 * time.Hour
 	DefaultPeerInactivityExpiration = 10 * time.Minute
 
 	PublicCategory  = "public"
 	PrivateCategory = "private"
 	UnknownCategory = "unknown"
-
-	// firewallRuleMinPortRangesVer defines the minimum peer version that supports port range rules.
-	firewallRuleMinPortRangesVer = "0.48.0"
-	// firewallRuleMinNativeSSHVer defines the minimum peer version that supports native SSH features in the firewall rules.
-	firewallRuleMinNativeSSHVer = "0.60.0"
-
-	// nativeSSHPortString defines the default port number as a string used for native SSH connections; this port is used by clients when hijacking ssh connections.
-	nativeSSHPortString = "22022"
-	nativeSSHPortNumber = 22022
-	// defaultSSHPortString defines the standard SSH port number as a string, commonly used for default SSH connections.
-	defaultSSHPortString = "22"
-	defaultSSHPortNumber = 22
 )
 
-type supportedFeatures struct {
-	nativeSSH  bool
-	portRanges bool
-}
-
-type LookupMap map[string]struct{}
-
 // AccountMeta is a struct that contains a stripped down version of the Account object.
 // It doesn't carry any peers, groups, policies, or routes, etc. Just some metadata (e.g. ID, created by, created at, etc).
 type AccountMeta struct {
@@ -110,14 +88,9 @@ type Account struct {
 	NetworkResources []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource `gorm:"foreignKey:AccountID;references:id"`
 	Onboarding       AccountOnboarding                `gorm:"foreignKey:AccountID;references:id;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE"`
 
-	NetworkMapCache *NetworkMapBuilder `gorm:"-"`
-	nmapInitOnce    *sync.Once         `gorm:"-"`
-
 	ReverseProxyFreeDomainNonce string
-}
 
-func (a *Account) InitOnce() {
-	a.nmapInitOnce = &sync.Once{}
+	PostureValidation map[string]map[string]bool `gorm:"-"`
 }
 
 // this class is used by gorm only
@@ -155,108 +128,6 @@ func (o AccountOnboarding) IsEqual(onboarding AccountOnboarding) bool {
 		o.SignupFormPending == onboarding.SignupFormPending
 }
 
-// GetRoutesToSync returns the enabled routes for the peer ID and the routes
-// from the ACL peers that have distribution groups associated with the peer ID.
-// Please mind, that the returned route.Route objects will contain Peer.Key instead of Peer.ID.
-func (a *Account) GetRoutesToSync(ctx context.Context, peerID string, aclPeers []*nbpeer.Peer, peerGroups LookupMap) []*route.Route {
-	routes, peerDisabledRoutes := a.getRoutingPeerRoutes(ctx, peerID)
-	peerRoutesMembership := make(LookupMap)
-	for _, r := range append(routes, peerDisabledRoutes...) {
-		peerRoutesMembership[string(r.GetHAUniqueID())] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	for _, peer := range aclPeers {
-		activeRoutes, _ := a.getRoutingPeerRoutes(ctx, peer.ID)
-		groupFilteredRoutes := a.filterRoutesByGroups(activeRoutes, peerGroups)
-		filteredRoutes := a.filterRoutesFromPeersOfSameHAGroup(groupFilteredRoutes, peerRoutesMembership)
-		routes = append(routes, filteredRoutes...)
-	}
-
-	return routes
-}
-
-// filterRoutesFromPeersOfSameHAGroup filters and returns a list of routes that don't share the same HA route membership
-func (a *Account) filterRoutesFromPeersOfSameHAGroup(routes []*route.Route, peerMemberships LookupMap) []*route.Route {
-	var filteredRoutes []*route.Route
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		_, found := peerMemberships[string(r.GetHAUniqueID())]
-		if !found {
-			filteredRoutes = append(filteredRoutes, r)
-		}
-	}
-	return filteredRoutes
-}
-
-// filterRoutesByGroups returns a list with routes that have distribution groups in the group's map
-func (a *Account) filterRoutesByGroups(routes []*route.Route, groupListMap LookupMap) []*route.Route {
-	var filteredRoutes []*route.Route
-	for _, r := range routes {
-		for _, groupID := range r.Groups {
-			_, found := groupListMap[groupID]
-			if found {
-				filteredRoutes = append(filteredRoutes, r)
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return filteredRoutes
-}
-
-// getRoutingPeerRoutes returns the enabled and disabled lists of routes that the given routing peer serves
-// Please mind, that the returned route.Route objects will contain Peer.Key instead of Peer.ID.
-// If the given is not a routing peer, then the lists are empty.
-func (a *Account) getRoutingPeerRoutes(ctx context.Context, peerID string) (enabledRoutes []*route.Route, disabledRoutes []*route.Route) {
-
-	peer := a.GetPeer(peerID)
-	if peer == nil {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("peer %s that doesn't exist under account %s", peerID, a.Id)
-		return enabledRoutes, disabledRoutes
-	}
-
-	seenRoute := make(map[route.ID]struct{})
-
-	takeRoute := func(r *route.Route, id string) {
-		if _, ok := seenRoute[r.ID]; ok {
-			return
-		}
-		seenRoute[r.ID] = struct{}{}
-
-		if r.Enabled {
-			r.Peer = peer.Key
-			enabledRoutes = append(enabledRoutes, r)
-			return
-		}
-		disabledRoutes = append(disabledRoutes, r)
-	}
-
-	for _, r := range a.Routes {
-		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
-			group := a.GetGroup(groupID)
-			if group == nil {
-				log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("route %s has peers group %s that doesn't exist under account %s", r.ID, groupID, a.Id)
-				continue
-			}
-			for _, id := range group.Peers {
-				if id != peerID {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				newPeerRoute := r.Copy()
-				newPeerRoute.Peer = id
-				newPeerRoute.PeerGroups = nil
-				newPeerRoute.ID = route.ID(string(r.ID) + ":" + id) // we have to provide unique route id when distribute network map
-				takeRoute(newPeerRoute, id)
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		if r.Peer == peerID {
-			takeRoute(r.Copy(), peerID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return enabledRoutes, disabledRoutes
-}
-
 // GetRoutesByPrefixOrDomains return list of routes by account and route prefix
 func (a *Account) GetRoutesByPrefixOrDomains(prefix netip.Prefix, domains domain.List) []*route.Route {
 	var routes []*route.Route
@@ -276,106 +147,6 @@ func (a *Account) GetGroup(groupID string) *Group {
 	return a.Groups[groupID]
 }
 
-// GetPeerNetworkMap returns the networkmap for the given peer ID.
-func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMap(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	peerID string,
-	peersCustomZone nbdns.CustomZone,
-	accountZones []*zones.Zone,
-	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
-	resourcePolicies map[string][]*Policy,
-	routers map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter,
-	metrics *telemetry.AccountManagerMetrics,
-	groupIDToUserIDs map[string][]string,
-) *NetworkMap {
-	start := time.Now()
-	peer := a.Peers[peerID]
-	if peer == nil {
-		return &NetworkMap{
-			Network: a.Network.Copy(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[peerID]; !ok {
-		return &NetworkMap{
-			Network: a.Network.Copy(),
-		}
-	}
-
-	peerGroups := a.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
-
-	aclPeers, firewallRules, authorizedUsers, enableSSH := a.GetPeerConnectionResources(ctx, peer, validatedPeersMap, groupIDToUserIDs)
-	// exclude expired peers
-	var peersToConnect []*nbpeer.Peer
-	var expiredPeers []*nbpeer.Peer
-	for _, p := range aclPeers {
-		expired, _ := p.LoginExpired(a.Settings.PeerLoginExpiration)
-		if a.Settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled && expired {
-			expiredPeers = append(expiredPeers, p)
-			continue
-		}
-		peersToConnect = append(peersToConnect, p)
-	}
-
-	routesUpdate := a.GetRoutesToSync(ctx, peerID, peersToConnect, peerGroups)
-	routesFirewallRules := a.GetPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx, peerID, validatedPeersMap)
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := a.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(ctx, peerID, resourcePolicies, routers)
-	var networkResourcesFirewallRules []*RouteFirewallRule
-	if isRouter {
-		networkResourcesFirewallRules = a.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx, peer, validatedPeersMap, networkResourcesRoutes, resourcePolicies)
-	}
-	peersToConnectIncludingRouters := a.addNetworksRoutingPeers(networkResourcesRoutes, peer, peersToConnect, expiredPeers, isRouter, sourcePeers)
-
-	dnsManagementStatus := a.getPeerDNSManagementStatus(peerID)
-	dnsUpdate := nbdns.Config{
-		ServiceEnable: dnsManagementStatus,
-	}
-
-	if dnsManagementStatus {
-		var zones []nbdns.CustomZone
-
-		if peersCustomZone.Domain != "" {
-			records := filterZoneRecordsForPeers(peer, peersCustomZone, peersToConnectIncludingRouters, expiredPeers)
-			zones = append(zones, nbdns.CustomZone{
-				Domain:  peersCustomZone.Domain,
-				Records: records,
-			})
-		}
-
-		filteredAccountZones := filterPeerAppliedZones(ctx, accountZones, peerGroups)
-		zones = append(zones, filteredAccountZones...)
-
-		dnsUpdate.CustomZones = zones
-		dnsUpdate.NameServerGroups = getPeerNSGroups(a, peerID)
-	}
-
-	nm := &NetworkMap{
-		Peers:               peersToConnectIncludingRouters,
-		Network:             a.Network.Copy(),
-		Routes:              slices.Concat(networkResourcesRoutes, routesUpdate),
-		DNSConfig:           dnsUpdate,
-		OfflinePeers:        expiredPeers,
-		FirewallRules:       firewallRules,
-		RoutesFirewallRules: slices.Concat(networkResourcesFirewallRules, routesFirewallRules),
-		AuthorizedUsers:     authorizedUsers,
-		EnableSSH:           enableSSH,
-	}
-
-	if metrics != nil {
-		objectCount := int64(len(peersToConnectIncludingRouters) + len(expiredPeers) + len(routesUpdate) + len(networkResourcesRoutes) + len(firewallRules) + +len(networkResourcesFirewallRules) + len(routesFirewallRules))
-		metrics.CountNetworkMapObjects(objectCount)
-		metrics.CountGetPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
-
-		if objectCount > 5000 {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("account: %s has a total resource count of %d objects, "+
-				"peers to connect: %d, expired peers: %d, routes: %d, firewall rules: %d, network resources routes: %d, network resources firewall rules: %d, routes firewall rules: %d",
-				a.Id, objectCount, len(peersToConnectIncludingRouters), len(expiredPeers), len(routesUpdate), len(firewallRules), len(networkResourcesRoutes), len(networkResourcesFirewallRules), len(routesFirewallRules))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nm
-}
-
 func (a *Account) addNetworksRoutingPeers(
 	networkResourcesRoutes []*route.Route,
 	peer *nbpeer.Peer,
@@ -421,39 +192,6 @@ func (a *Account) addNetworksRoutingPeers(
 	return peersToConnect
 }
 
-func getPeerNSGroups(account *Account, peerID string) []*nbdns.NameServerGroup {
-	groupList := account.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
-
-	var peerNSGroups []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
-
-	for _, nsGroup := range account.NameServerGroups {
-		if !nsGroup.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, gID := range nsGroup.Groups {
-			_, found := groupList[gID]
-			if found {
-				if !peerIsNameserver(account.GetPeer(peerID), nsGroup) {
-					peerNSGroups = append(peerNSGroups, nsGroup.Copy())
-					break
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return peerNSGroups
-}
-
-// peerIsNameserver returns true if the peer is a nameserver for a nsGroup
-func peerIsNameserver(peer *nbpeer.Peer, nsGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup) bool {
-	for _, ns := range nsGroup.NameServers {
-		if peer.IP.Equal(ns.IP.AsSlice()) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 func AddPeerLabelsToAccount(ctx context.Context, account *Account, peerLabels LookupMap) {
 	for _, peer := range account.Peers {
 		label, err := GetPeerHostLabel(peer.Name, peerLabels)
@@ -499,65 +237,156 @@ func getUniqueHostLabel(name string, peerLabels LookupMap) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-func (a *Account) GetPeersCustomZone(ctx context.Context, dnsDomain string) nbdns.CustomZone {
-	var merr *multierror.Error
-
-	if dnsDomain == "" {
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Error("no dns domain is set, returning empty zone")
-		return nbdns.CustomZone{}
+// SynthesizePrivateServiceZones returns in-memory CustomZones with A records pointing each enabled private service the peer can reach at the cluster's proxy-peer IPs. One zone per cluster (multiple services share); records gated by AccessGroups.
+func (a *Account) SynthesizePrivateServiceZones(peerID string) []nbdns.CustomZone {
+	peer, ok := a.Peers[peerID]
+	if !ok || peer == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(a.Services) == 0 {
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	customZone := nbdns.CustomZone{
-		Domain:  dns.Fqdn(dnsDomain),
-		Records: make([]nbdns.SimpleRecord, 0, len(a.Peers)),
+	proxyPeersByCluster := a.GetProxyPeers()
+	if len(proxyPeersByCluster) == 0 {
+		return nil
 	}
 
-	domainSuffix := "." + dnsDomain
+	peerGroups := a.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
+	zonesByApex := map[string]*nbdns.CustomZone{}
 
-	var sb strings.Builder
-	for _, peer := range a.Peers {
-		if peer.DNSLabel == "" {
-			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("peer %s has an empty DNS label", peer.Name))
+	for _, svc := range a.Services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled || !svc.Private {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(svc.AccessGroups) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !peerInDistributionGroups(peerGroups, svc.AccessGroups) {
+			continue
+		}
+		proxyPeers := proxyPeersByCluster[svc.ProxyCluster]
+		if len(proxyPeers) == 0 {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		sb.Grow(len(peer.DNSLabel) + len(domainSuffix))
-		sb.WriteString(peer.DNSLabel)
-		sb.WriteString(domainSuffix)
+		serviceDomainZone := a.privateServiceDomainZone(svc)
+		if serviceDomainZone == "" {
+			continue
+		}
 
-		customZone.Records = append(customZone.Records, nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-			Name:  sb.String(),
-			Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-			Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-			TTL:   defaultTTL,
-			RData: peer.IP.String(),
-		})
-		sb.Reset()
+		zone, exists := zonesByApex[serviceDomainZone]
+		if !exists {
+			// NonAuthoritative makes this a match-only zone: queries for
+			// names without an explicit record fall through to the
+			// upstream resolver instead of returning NXDOMAIN. Without
+			// it, adding a single private service would black-hole every
+			// other name under the zone apex.
+			zone = &nbdns.CustomZone{
+				Domain:               dns.Fqdn(serviceDomainZone),
+				Records:              []nbdns.SimpleRecord{},
+				NonAuthoritative:     true,
+				SearchDomainDisabled: true,
+			}
+			zonesByApex[serviceDomainZone] = zone
+		}
 
-		for _, extraLabel := range peer.ExtraDNSLabels {
-			sb.Grow(len(extraLabel) + len(domainSuffix))
-			sb.WriteString(extraLabel)
-			sb.WriteString(domainSuffix)
-
-			customZone.Records = append(customZone.Records, nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-				Name:  sb.String(),
+		emitted := 0
+		skippedDisconnected := 0
+		for _, p := range proxyPeers {
+			if p == nil || !p.IP.IsValid() {
+				continue
+			}
+			// Only emit a record when the proxy peer is actually
+			// connected. A disconnected proxy peer's tunnel IP won't
+			// answer; pointing DNS at it would produce a black hole
+			// for as long as the record is cached client-side.
+			if p.Status == nil || !p.Status.Connected {
+				skippedDisconnected++
+				continue
+			}
+			zone.Records = append(zone.Records, nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+				Name:  dns.Fqdn(svc.Domain),
 				Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
 				Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-				TTL:   defaultTTL,
-				RData: peer.IP.String(),
+				TTL:   privateServiceDNSRecordTTL,
+				RData: p.IP.String(),
 			})
-			sb.Reset()
+			emitted++
+		}
+		// Disagreement with the firewall path is the typical
+		// "domain doesn't reach client but firewall rules do"
+		// symptom: the synth service is otherwise fine, only the
+		// proxy peer's persisted Connected flag is wrong (most
+		// likely the connection reaper marked it disconnected even
+		// though the gRPC stream is alive).
+		if emitted == 0 && skippedDisconnected > 0 {
+			log.Debugf("private-zone synth: svc %s domain=%s cluster=%s emitted_zero proxy_peers=%d all_disconnected=%d (firewall would still fire)",
+				svc.ID, svc.Domain, svc.ProxyCluster, len(proxyPeers), skippedDisconnected)
 		}
-
 	}
 
-	go func() {
-		if merr != nil {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error generating custom zone for account %s: %v", a.Id, merr)
+	out := make([]nbdns.CustomZone, 0, len(zonesByApex))
+	for _, zone := range zonesByApex {
+		if len(zone.Records) == 0 {
+			continue
 		}
-	}()
+		out = append(out, *zone)
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 && len(a.Services) > 0 {
+		// Targeted diagnostic for the "firewall yes, DNS no" divergence —
+		// fires only when services exist but synth returns zero zones,
+		// so accounts without private services produce no noise.
+		log.Debugf("private-zone synth: peer %s account %s returned 0 zones from %d candidate service(s)",
+			peerID, a.Id, len(a.Services))
+	}
+	return out
+}
 
-	return customZone
+// privateServiceDomainZone returns the DNS zone name for the given private service domain by
+// looking at the proxy cluster domain then the custom domains.
+func (a *Account) privateServiceDomainZone(svc *service.Service) string {
+	if domainFromSuffix(svc.Domain, svc.ProxyCluster) {
+		return svc.ProxyCluster
+	}
+
+	// Longest matching custom domain wins
+	zoneName := ""
+	for _, d := range a.Domains {
+		if d == nil || d.TargetCluster != svc.ProxyCluster {
+			continue
+		}
+		if domainFromSuffix(svc.Domain, d.Domain) && len(d.Domain) > len(zoneName) {
+			zoneName = d.Domain
+		}
+	}
+	return zoneName
+}
+
+func domainFromSuffix(domain, suffix string) bool {
+	if suffix == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return domain == suffix || strings.HasSuffix(domain, "."+suffix)
+}
+
+// peerInDistributionGroups reports whether any of the peer's groups
+// matches the service's bearer-auth distribution_groups.
+func peerInDistributionGroups(peerGroups LookupMap, distributionGroups []string) bool {
+	for _, gid := range distributionGroups {
+		if _, ok := peerGroups[gid]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (a *Account) GetPeersCustomZone(ctx context.Context, dnsDomain string) nbdns.CustomZone {
+	twins := make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer, len(a.Peers))
+	for id, p := range a.Peers {
+		twins[id] = twinPeer(p)
+	}
+	return fromTwinCustomZone(networkmap.PeersCustomZone(ctx, a.Id, dnsDomain, twins, a.peerIPv6AllowedSet()))
 }
 
 // GetExpiredPeers returns peers that have been expired
@@ -575,7 +404,7 @@ func (a *Account) GetExpiredPeers() []*nbpeer.Peer {
 
 // GetNextPeerExpiration returns the minimum duration in which the next peer of the account will expire if it was found.
 // If there is no peer that expires this function returns false and a duration of 0.
-// This function only considers peers that haven't been expired yet and that are connected.
+// This function only considers peers that haven't been expired yet, whether connected or not.
 func (a *Account) GetNextPeerExpiration() (time.Duration, bool) {
 	peersWithExpiry := a.GetPeersWithExpiration()
 	if len(peersWithExpiry) == 0 {
@@ -583,8 +412,7 @@ func (a *Account) GetNextPeerExpiration() (time.Duration, bool) {
 	}
 	var nextExpiry *time.Duration
 	for _, peer := range peersWithExpiry {
-		// consider only connected peers because others will require login on connecting to the management server
-		if peer.Status.LoginExpired || !peer.Status.Connected {
+		if peer.Status.LoginExpired {
 			continue
 		}
 		_, duration := peer.LoginExpired(a.Settings.PeerLoginExpiration)
@@ -800,19 +628,6 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerGroupsList(peerID string) []string {
 	return grps
 }
 
-func (a *Account) getPeerDNSManagementStatus(peerID string) bool {
-	peerGroups := a.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
-	enabled := true
-	for _, groupID := range a.DNSSettings.DisabledManagementGroups {
-		_, found := peerGroups[groupID]
-		if found {
-			enabled = false
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	return enabled
-}
-
 func (a *Account) GetPeerGroups(peerID string) LookupMap {
 	groupList := make(LookupMap)
 	for groupID, group := range a.Groups {
@@ -826,8 +641,41 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerGroups(peerID string) LookupMap {
 	return groupList
 }
 
-func (a *Account) GetTakenIPs() []net.IP {
-	var takenIps []net.IP
+// PeerIPv6Allowed reports whether the given peer participates in the IPv6 overlay.
+// Returns false if IPv6 is disabled or no groups are configured.
+func (a *Account) PeerIPv6Allowed(peerID string) bool {
+	_, ok := a.peerIPv6AllowedSet()[peerID]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// peerIPv6AllowedSet returns the set of peer IDs that participate in the IPv6 overlay:
+// members of any IPv6-enabled group, plus every embedded proxy peer (which sit outside
+// regular group membership but must reach v6-enabled peers).
+func (a *Account) peerIPv6AllowedSet() map[string]struct{} {
+	result := make(map[string]struct{})
+	if len(a.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups) == 0 {
+		return result
+	}
+	for _, groupID := range a.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups {
+		group, ok := a.Groups[groupID]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, peerID := range group.Peers {
+			result[peerID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	for id, p := range a.Peers {
+		if p != nil && p.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
+			result[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// GetTakenIPs returns all peer IP addresses currently allocated in the account.
+func (a *Account) GetTakenIPs() []netip.Addr {
+	takenIps := make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(a.Peers))
 	for _, existingPeer := range a.Peers {
 		takenIps = append(takenIps, existingPeer.IP)
 	}
@@ -941,9 +789,8 @@ func (a *Account) Copy() *Account {
 		NetworkResources:       networkResources,
 		Services:               services,
 		Onboarding:             a.Onboarding,
-		NetworkMapCache:        a.NetworkMapCache,
-		nmapInitOnce:           a.nmapInitOnce,
 		Domains:                domains,
+		PostureValidation:      a.PostureValidation,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1061,13 +908,13 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerConnectionResources(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.P
 			var peerInSources, peerInDestinations bool
 
 			if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
-				sourcePeers, peerInSources = a.getPeerFromResource(rule.SourceResource, peer.ID)
+				sourcePeers, peerInSources = a.getPeerFromResource(ctx, rule.SourceResource, peer.ID, policy.SourcePostureChecks, validatedPeersMap)
 			} else {
 				sourcePeers, peerInSources = a.getAllPeersFromGroups(ctx, rule.Sources, peer.ID, policy.SourcePostureChecks, validatedPeersMap)
 			}
 
 			if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
-				destinationPeers, peerInDestinations = a.getPeerFromResource(rule.DestinationResource, peer.ID)
+				destinationPeers, peerInDestinations = a.getPeerFromResource(ctx, rule.DestinationResource, peer.ID, nil, validatedPeersMap)
 			} else {
 				destinationPeers, peerInDestinations = a.getAllPeersFromGroups(ctx, rule.Destinations, peer.ID, nil, validatedPeersMap)
 			}
@@ -1121,7 +968,7 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerConnectionResources(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.P
 				default:
 					authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = a.getAllowedUserIDs()
 				}
-			} else if peerInDestinations && policyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && peer.SSHEnabled {
+			} else if peerInDestinations && PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && peer.SSHEnabled {
 				sshEnabled = true
 				authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = a.getAllowedUserIDs()
 			}
@@ -1132,6 +979,26 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerConnectionResources(ctx context.Context, peer *nbpeer.P
 	return peers, fwRules, authorizedUsers, sshEnabled
 }
 
+// proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs returns the set of domain network resource IDs
+// targeted by an enabled, non-terminated reverse-proxy service.
+func (a *Account) proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs() map[string]struct{} {
+	ids := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, svc := range a.Services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled || svc.Terminated {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, target := range svc.Targets {
+			if target == nil || !target.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			if target.TargetType == service.TargetTypeDomain {
+				ids[target.TargetId] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
 func (a *Account) getAllowedUserIDs() map[string]struct{} {
 	users := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, nbUser := range a.Users {
@@ -1186,32 +1053,58 @@ func (a *Account) connResourcesGenerator(ctx context.Context, targetPeer *nbpeer
 
 				if len(rule.Ports) == 0 && len(rule.PortRanges) == 0 {
 					rules = append(rules, &fr)
-					continue
+				} else {
+					rules = append(rules, ExpandPortsAndRanges(fr, rule, targetPeer)...)
 				}
 
-				rules = append(rules, expandPortsAndRanges(fr, rule, targetPeer)...)
+				rules = AppendIPv6FirewallRule(rules, rulesExists, peer, targetPeer, rule, FirewallRuleContext{
+					Direction:   direction,
+					DirStr:      strconv.Itoa(direction),
+					ProtocolStr: string(protocol),
+					ActionStr:   string(rule.Action),
+					PortsJoined: strings.Join(rule.Ports, ","),
+				})
 			}
 		}, func() ([]*nbpeer.Peer, []*FirewallRule) {
 			return peers, rules
 		}
 }
 
-func policyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule *PolicyRule) bool {
-	return rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolALL || (rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolTCP && (portsIncludesSSH(rule.Ports) || portRangeIncludesSSH(rule.PortRanges)))
-}
+// PeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies is the network-map-free equivalent of the sshEnabled
+// determination in GetPeerConnectionResources / CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents.
+func PeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies(policies []*Policy, peerID string, peerGroupIDs map[string]struct{}, peerSSHEnabled bool) bool {
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		if !policy.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
 
-func portRangeIncludesSSH(portRanges []RulePortRange) bool {
-	for _, pr := range portRanges {
-		if (pr.Start <= defaultSSHPortNumber && pr.End >= defaultSSHPortNumber) || (pr.Start <= nativeSSHPortNumber && pr.End >= nativeSSHPortNumber) {
-			return true
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if !rule.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			isSSHRule := rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH ||
+				(PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && peerSSHEnabled)
+			if !isSSHRule {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if ruleHasDestination(rule, peerID, peerGroupIDs) {
+				return true
+			}
 		}
 	}
+
 	return false
 }
 
-func portsIncludesSSH(ports []string) bool {
-	for _, port := range ports {
-		if port == defaultSSHPortString || port == nativeSSHPortString {
+func ruleHasDestination(rule *PolicyRule, peerID string, peerGroupIDs map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
+		return rule.DestinationResource.ID == peerID
+	}
+
+	for _, groupID := range rule.Destinations {
+		if _, ok := peerGroupIDs[groupID]; ok {
 			return true
 		}
 	}
@@ -1226,8 +1119,17 @@ func portsIncludesSSH(ports []string) bool {
 // Important: Posture checks are applicable only to source group peers,
 // for destination group peers, call this method with an empty list of sourcePostureChecksIDs
 func (a *Account) getAllPeersFromGroups(ctx context.Context, groups []string, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, bool) {
+	return a.filterPolicyPeers(ctx, a.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(ctx, groups), peerID, sourcePostureChecksIDs, validatedPeersMap)
+}
+
+// getPeerFromResource resolves a rule side that names a peer directly, admitting it
+// like a member of a group holding only that peer.
+func (a *Account) getPeerFromResource(ctx context.Context, resource Resource, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, bool) {
+	return a.filterPolicyPeers(ctx, []string{resource.ID}, peerID, sourcePostureChecksIDs, validatedPeersMap)
+}
+
+func (a *Account) filterPolicyPeers(ctx context.Context, uniquePeerIDs []string, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, bool) {
 	peerInGroups := false
-	uniquePeerIDs := a.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(ctx, groups)
 	filteredPeers := make([]*nbpeer.Peer, 0, len(uniquePeerIDs))
 	for _, p := range uniquePeerIDs {
 		peer, ok := a.Peers[p]
@@ -1256,19 +1158,6 @@ func (a *Account) getAllPeersFromGroups(ctx context.Context, groups []string, pe
 	return filteredPeers, peerInGroups
 }
 
-func (a *Account) getPeerFromResource(resource Resource, peerID string) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, bool) {
-	peer := a.GetPeer(resource.ID)
-	if peer == nil {
-		return []*nbpeer.Peer{}, false
-	}
-
-	if peer.ID == peerID {
-		return []*nbpeer.Peer{}, true
-	}
-
-	return []*nbpeer.Peer{peer}, false
-}
-
 // validatePostureChecksOnPeer validates the posture checks on a peer
 func (a *Account) validatePostureChecksOnPeer(ctx context.Context, sourcePostureChecksID []string, peerID string) bool {
 	peer, ok := a.Peers[peerID]
@@ -1304,32 +1193,7 @@ func (a *Account) GetPostureChecks(postureChecksID string) *posture.Checks {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// GetPeerRoutesFirewallRules gets the routes firewall rules associated with a routing peer ID for the account.
-func (a *Account) GetPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
-	routesFirewallRules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0, len(a.Routes))
-
-	enabledRoutes, _ := a.getRoutingPeerRoutes(ctx, peerID)
-	for _, route := range enabledRoutes {
-		// If no access control groups are specified, accept all traffic.
-		if len(route.AccessControlGroups) == 0 {
-			defaultPermit := getDefaultPermit(route)
-			routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, defaultPermit...)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		distributionPeers := a.getDistributionGroupsPeers(route)
-
-		for _, accessGroup := range route.AccessControlGroups {
-			policies := GetAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups(a, []string{accessGroup})
-			rules := a.getRouteFirewallRules(ctx, peerID, policies, route, validatedPeersMap, distributionPeers)
-			routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, rules...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return routesFirewallRules
-}
-
-func (a *Account) getRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, policies []*Policy, route *route.Route, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}, distributionPeers map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+func (a *Account) getRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, policies []*Policy, route *route.Route, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}, distributionPeers map[string]struct{}, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
 	var fwRules []*RouteFirewallRule
 	for _, policy := range policies {
 		if !policy.Enabled {
@@ -1342,7 +1206,7 @@ func (a *Account) getRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, poli
 			}
 
 			rulePeers := a.getRulePeers(rule, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID, distributionPeers, validatedPeersMap)
-			rules := generateRouteFirewallRules(ctx, route, rule, rulePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN)
+			rules := GenerateRouteFirewallRules(ctx, route, rule, rulePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, includeIPv6)
 			fwRules = append(fwRules, rules...)
 		}
 	}
@@ -1387,50 +1251,6 @@ func (a *Account) getRulePeers(rule *PolicyRule, postureChecks []string, peerID
 	return distributionGroupPeers
 }
 
-func (a *Account) getDistributionGroupsPeers(route *route.Route) map[string]struct{} {
-	distPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, id := range route.Groups {
-		group := a.Groups[id]
-		if group == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, pID := range group.Peers {
-			distPeers[pID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-	return distPeers
-}
-
-func getDefaultPermit(route *route.Route) []*RouteFirewallRule {
-	var rules []*RouteFirewallRule
-
-	sources := []string{"0.0.0.0/0"}
-	if route.Network.Addr().Is6() {
-		sources = []string{"::/0"}
-	}
-	rule := RouteFirewallRule{
-		SourceRanges: sources,
-		Action:       string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
-		Destination:  route.Network.String(),
-		Protocol:     string(PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
-		Domains:      route.Domains,
-		IsDynamic:    route.IsDynamic(),
-		RouteID:      route.ID,
-	}
-
-	rules = append(rules, &rule)
-
-	// dynamic routes always contain an IPv4 placeholder as destination, hence we must add IPv6 rules additionally
-	if route.IsDynamic() {
-		ruleV6 := rule
-		ruleV6.SourceRanges = []string{"::/0"}
-		rules = append(rules, &ruleV6)
-	}
-
-	return rules
-}
-
 // GetAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups retrieves route policies associated with the specified access control groups
 // and returns a list of policies that have rules with destinations matching the specified groups.
 func GetAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups(account *Account, accessControlGroups []string) []*Policy {
@@ -1468,7 +1288,7 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peer
 		resourceAppliedPolicies := resourcePolicies[string(route.GetResourceID())]
 		distributionPeers := getPoliciesSourcePeers(resourceAppliedPolicies, a.Groups)
 
-		rules := a.getRouteFirewallRules(ctx, peer.ID, resourceAppliedPolicies, route, validatedPeersMap, distributionPeers)
+		rules := a.getRouteFirewallRules(ctx, peer.ID, resourceAppliedPolicies, route, validatedPeersMap, distributionPeers, peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid())
 		for _, rule := range rules {
 			if len(rule.SourceRanges) > 0 {
 				routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, rule)
@@ -1508,65 +1328,6 @@ func (a *Account) GetResourcePoliciesMap() map[string][]*Policy {
 	return resourcePolicies
 }
 
-// GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync returns network routes for syncing with a specific peer and its ACL peers.
-func (a *Account) GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(ctx context.Context, peerID string, resourcePolicies map[string][]*Policy, routers map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter) (bool, []*route.Route, map[string]struct{}) {
-	var isRoutingPeer bool
-	var routes []*route.Route
-	allSourcePeers := make(map[string]struct{}, len(a.Peers))
-
-	for _, resource := range a.NetworkResources {
-		if !resource.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		var addSourcePeers bool
-
-		networkRoutingPeers, exists := routers[resource.NetworkID]
-		if exists {
-			if router, ok := networkRoutingPeers[peerID]; ok {
-				isRoutingPeer, addSourcePeers = true, true
-				routes = append(routes, a.getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource, peerID, router, resourcePolicies)...)
-			}
-		}
-
-		addedResourceRoute := false
-		for _, policy := range resourcePolicies[resource.ID] {
-			var peers []string
-			if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
-				peers = []string{policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID}
-			} else {
-				peers = a.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(ctx, policy.SourceGroups())
-			}
-			if addSourcePeers {
-				for _, pID := range a.getPostureValidPeers(peers, policy.SourcePostureChecks) {
-					allSourcePeers[pID] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			} else if slices.Contains(peers, peerID) && a.validatePostureChecksOnPeer(ctx, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID) {
-				// add routes for the resource if the peer is in the distribution group
-				for peerId, router := range networkRoutingPeers {
-					routes = append(routes, a.getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource, peerId, router, resourcePolicies)...)
-				}
-				addedResourceRoute = true
-			}
-			if addedResourceRoute {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return isRoutingPeer, routes, allSourcePeers
-}
-
-func (a *Account) getPostureValidPeers(inputPeers []string, postureChecksIDs []string) []string {
-	var dest []string
-	for _, peerID := range inputPeers {
-		if a.validatePostureChecksOnPeer(context.Background(), postureChecksIDs, peerID) {
-			dest = append(dest, peerID)
-		}
-	}
-	return dest
-}
-
 func (a *Account) getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(ctx context.Context, groups []string) []string {
 	peerIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groups)) // we expect at least one peer per group as initial capacity
 	for _, groupID := range groups {
@@ -1658,22 +1419,6 @@ func (a *Account) GetPoliciesAppliedInNetwork(networkID string) []string {
 	return result
 }
 
-// getNetworkResourcesRoutes convert the network resources list to routes list.
-func (a *Account) getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource *resourceTypes.NetworkResource, peerId string, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter, resourcePolicies map[string][]*Policy) []*route.Route {
-	resourceAppliedPolicies := resourcePolicies[resource.ID]
-
-	var routes []*route.Route
-	// distribute the resource routes only if there is policy applied to it
-	if len(resourceAppliedPolicies) > 0 {
-		peer := a.GetPeer(peerId)
-		if peer != nil {
-			routes = append(routes, resource.ToRoute(peer, router))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return routes
-}
-
 func (a *Account) GetResourceRoutersMap() map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter {
 	routers := make(map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter)
 
@@ -1804,283 +1549,35 @@ func (a *Account) GetProxyPeers() map[string][]*nbpeer.Peer {
 	return proxyPeers
 }
 
-func (a *Account) InjectProxyPolicies(ctx context.Context) {
-	if len(a.Services) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	proxyPeersByCluster := a.GetProxyPeers()
-	if len(proxyPeersByCluster) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	for _, service := range a.Services {
-		if !service.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-		a.injectServiceProxyPolicies(ctx, service, proxyPeersByCluster)
-	}
-
-}
-
-func (a *Account) injectServiceProxyPolicies(ctx context.Context, service *service.Service, proxyPeersByCluster map[string][]*nbpeer.Peer) {
-	proxyPeers := proxyPeersByCluster[service.ProxyCluster]
-	for _, target := range service.Targets {
-		if !target.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-		a.injectTargetProxyPolicies(ctx, service, target, proxyPeers)
-	}
-
-}
-
-func (a *Account) injectTargetProxyPolicies(ctx context.Context, service *service.Service, target *service.Target, proxyPeers []*nbpeer.Peer) {
-	port, ok := a.resolveTargetPort(ctx, target)
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-
-	path := ""
-	if target.Path != nil {
-		path = *target.Path
-	}
-
-	for _, proxyPeer := range proxyPeers {
-		policy := a.createProxyPolicy(service, target, proxyPeer, port, path)
-		a.Policies = append(a.Policies, policy)
-	}
-}
-
-func (a *Account) resolveTargetPort(ctx context.Context, target *service.Target) (uint16, bool) {
-	if target.Port != 0 {
-		return target.Port, true
-	}
-
-	switch target.Protocol {
-	case "https", "tls":
-		return 443, true
-	case "http":
-		return 80, true
-	default:
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("unsupported protocol %s for proxy target %s, skipping policy injection", target.Protocol, target.TargetId)
-		return 0, false
-	}
-}
-
-func (a *Account) createProxyPolicy(svc *service.Service, target *service.Target, proxyPeer *nbpeer.Peer, port uint16, path string) *Policy {
-	policyID := fmt.Sprintf("proxy-access-%s-%s-%s", svc.ID, proxyPeer.ID, path)
-
-	protocol := PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
-	if svc.Mode == service.ModeUDP {
-		protocol = PolicyRuleProtocolUDP
-	}
-
-	return &Policy{
-		ID:      policyID,
-		Name:    fmt.Sprintf("Proxy Access to %s", svc.Name),
-		Enabled: true,
-		Rules: []*PolicyRule{
-			{
-				ID:       policyID,
-				PolicyID: policyID,
-				Name:     fmt.Sprintf("Allow access to %s", svc.Name),
-				Enabled:  true,
-				SourceResource: Resource{
-					ID:   proxyPeer.ID,
-					Type: ResourceTypePeer,
-				},
-				DestinationResource: Resource{
-					ID:   target.TargetId,
-					Type: ResourceType(target.TargetType),
-				},
-				Bidirectional: false,
-				Protocol:      protocol,
-				Action:        PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-				PortRanges: []RulePortRange{
-					{
-						Start: port,
-						End:   port,
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-// expandPortsAndRanges expands Ports and PortRanges of a rule into individual firewall rules
-func expandPortsAndRanges(base FirewallRule, rule *PolicyRule, peer *nbpeer.Peer) []*FirewallRule {
-	features := peerSupportedFirewallFeatures(peer.Meta.WtVersion)
-
-	var expanded []*FirewallRule
-
-	for _, port := range rule.Ports {
-		fr := base
-		fr.Port = port
-		expanded = append(expanded, &fr)
-	}
-
-	for _, portRange := range rule.PortRanges {
-		// prefer PolicyRule.Ports
-		if len(rule.Ports) > 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		fr := base
-
-		if features.portRanges {
-			fr.PortRange = portRange
-		} else {
-			// Peer doesn't support port ranges, only allow single-port ranges
-			if portRange.Start != portRange.End {
-				continue
-			}
-			fr.Port = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(portRange.Start), 10)
-		}
-		expanded = append(expanded, &fr)
-	}
-
-	if shouldCheckRulesForNativeSSH(features.nativeSSH, rule, peer) || rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH {
-		expanded = addNativeSSHRule(base, expanded)
-	}
-
-	return expanded
-}
-
-// addNativeSSHRule adds a native SSH rule (port 22022) to the expanded rules if the base rule has port 22 configured.
-func addNativeSSHRule(base FirewallRule, expanded []*FirewallRule) []*FirewallRule {
-	shouldAdd := false
-	for _, fr := range expanded {
-		if isPortInRule(nativeSSHPortString, 22022, fr) {
-			return expanded
-		}
-		if isPortInRule(defaultSSHPortString, 22, fr) {
-			shouldAdd = true
-		}
-	}
-	if !shouldAdd {
-		return expanded
-	}
-
-	fr := base
-	fr.Port = nativeSSHPortString
-	return append(expanded, &fr)
-}
-
-func isPortInRule(portString string, portInt uint16, rule *FirewallRule) bool {
-	return rule.Port == portString || (rule.PortRange.Start <= portInt && portInt <= rule.PortRange.End)
-}
-
-// shouldCheckRulesForNativeSSH determines whether specific policy rules should be checked for native SSH support.
-// While users can add the nativeSSHPortString, we look for cases when they used port 22 and based on SSH enabled
-// in both management and client, we indicate to add the native port.
-func shouldCheckRulesForNativeSSH(supportsNative bool, rule *PolicyRule, peer *nbpeer.Peer) bool {
-	return supportsNative && peer.SSHEnabled && peer.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed && rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
-}
-
-// peerSupportedFirewallFeatures checks if the peer version supports port ranges.
-func peerSupportedFirewallFeatures(peerVer string) supportedFeatures {
-	if strings.Contains(peerVer, "dev") {
-		return supportedFeatures{true, true}
-	}
-
-	var features supportedFeatures
-
-	meetMinVer, err := posture.MeetsMinVersion(firewallRuleMinNativeSSHVer, peerVer)
-	features.nativeSSH = err == nil && meetMinVer
-
-	if features.nativeSSH {
-		features.portRanges = true
-	} else {
-		meetMinVer, err = posture.MeetsMinVersion(firewallRuleMinPortRangesVer, peerVer)
-		features.portRanges = err == nil && meetMinVer
-	}
-
-	return features
-}
-
 // filterZoneRecordsForPeers filters DNS records to only include peers to connect.
+// AAAA records are excluded when the requesting peer lacks IPv6 capability.
 func filterZoneRecordsForPeers(peer *nbpeer.Peer, customZone nbdns.CustomZone, peersToConnect, expiredPeers []*nbpeer.Peer) []nbdns.SimpleRecord {
 	filteredRecords := make([]nbdns.SimpleRecord, 0, len(customZone.Records))
-	peerIPs := make(map[string]struct{})
+	peerIPs := make(map[netip.Addr]struct{}, len(peersToConnect)+len(expiredPeers)+2)
+	includeIPv6 := peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid()
 
-	// Add peer's own IP to include its own DNS records
-	peerIPs[peer.IP.String()] = struct{}{}
-
-	for _, peerToConnect := range peersToConnect {
-		peerIPs[peerToConnect.IP.String()] = struct{}{}
+	addPeerIPs := func(p *nbpeer.Peer) {
+		peerIPs[p.IP] = struct{}{}
+		if includeIPv6 && p.IPv6.IsValid() {
+			peerIPs[p.IPv6] = struct{}{}
+		}
 	}
 
-	for _, expiredPeer := range expiredPeers {
-		peerIPs[expiredPeer.IP.String()] = struct{}{}
+	addPeerIPs(peer)
+	for _, p := range peersToConnect {
+		addPeerIPs(p)
+	}
+	for _, p := range expiredPeers {
+		addPeerIPs(p)
 	}
 
 	for _, record := range customZone.Records {
-		if _, exists := peerIPs[record.RData]; exists {
-			filteredRecords = append(filteredRecords, record)
+		if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(record.RData); err == nil {
+			if _, exists := peerIPs[addr.Unmap()]; exists {
+				filteredRecords = append(filteredRecords, record)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
 	return filteredRecords
 }
-
-// filterPeerAppliedZones filters account zones based on the peer's group membership
-func filterPeerAppliedZones(ctx context.Context, accountZones []*zones.Zone, peerGroups LookupMap) []nbdns.CustomZone {
-	var customZones []nbdns.CustomZone
-
-	if len(peerGroups) == 0 {
-		return customZones
-	}
-
-	for _, zone := range accountZones {
-		if !zone.Enabled || len(zone.Records) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		hasAccess := false
-		for _, distGroupID := range zone.DistributionGroups {
-			if _, found := peerGroups[distGroupID]; found {
-				hasAccess = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !hasAccess {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		simpleRecords := make([]nbdns.SimpleRecord, 0, len(zone.Records))
-		for _, record := range zone.Records {
-			var recordType int
-			rData := record.Content
-
-			switch record.Type {
-			case records.RecordTypeA:
-				recordType = int(dns.TypeA)
-			case records.RecordTypeAAAA:
-				recordType = int(dns.TypeAAAA)
-			case records.RecordTypeCNAME:
-				recordType = int(dns.TypeCNAME)
-				rData = dns.Fqdn(record.Content)
-			default:
-				log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("unknown DNS record type %s for record %s", record.Type, record.ID)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			simpleRecords = append(simpleRecords, nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-				Name:  dns.Fqdn(record.Name),
-				Type:  recordType,
-				Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-				TTL:   record.TTL,
-				RData: rData,
-			})
-		}
-
-		customZones = append(customZones, nbdns.CustomZone{
-			Domain:               dns.Fqdn(zone.Domain),
-			Records:              simpleRecords,
-			SearchDomainDisabled: !zone.EnableSearchDomain,
-			NonAuthoritative:     true,
-		})
-	}
-
-	return customZones
-}
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_components.go b/management/server/types/account_components.go
index bd4244546..3545fc8c8 100644
--- a/management/server/types/account_components.go
+++ b/management/server/types/account_components.go
@@ -2,20 +2,49 @@ package types
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"slices"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
-	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
 	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 )
 
+// GetPeerNetworkMapResult dispatches to either the legacy-NetworkMap path or
+// the components path based on the peer's capability and the kill switch.
+// Capable peers (PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap) get the raw components
+// shape — the server skips Calculate() entirely for them, saving CPU
+// proportional to the number of capable peers in the account. Legacy peers
+// (or any peer when componentsDisabled is true) get the fully-expanded
+// NetworkMap as before.
+func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMapResult(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	peerID string,
+	componentsDisabled bool,
+	peersCustomZone nbdns.CustomZone,
+	accountZones []*zones.Zone,
+	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
+	resourcePolicies map[string][]*Policy,
+	routers map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter,
+	metrics *telemetry.AccountManagerMetrics,
+	groupIDToUserIDs map[string][]string,
+) PeerNetworkMapResult {
+	peer := a.Peers[peerID]
+	if !componentsDisabled && peer != nil && peer.SupportsComponentNetworkMap() {
+		components := a.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
+			ctx, peerID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, validatedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, groupIDToUserIDs,
+		)
+		return PeerNetworkMapResult{Components: components}
+	}
+	return PeerNetworkMapResult{
+		NetworkMap: a.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
+			ctx, peerID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, validatedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, metrics, groupIDToUserIDs,
+		),
+	}
+}
+
 func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	peerID string,
@@ -40,8 +69,8 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
 		groupIDToUserIDs,
 	)
 
-	if components == nil {
-		return &NetworkMap{Network: a.Network.Copy()}
+	if components.IsEmpty() {
+		return &NetworkMap{Network: components.Network}
 	}
 
 	nm := CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
@@ -61,6 +90,9 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
 	return nm
 }
 
+// GetPeerNetworkMapComponents builds the account's slim twin store and computes
+// the peer's components on it. The calculation itself lives on
+// networkmap.NetworkMapData and never touches the Account.
 func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	peerID string,
@@ -72,505 +104,18 @@ func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
 	groupIDToUserIDs map[string][]string,
 ) *NetworkMapComponents {
 
-	peer := a.Peers[peerID]
-	if peer == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[peerID]; !ok {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	components := &NetworkMapComponents{
-		PeerID:              peerID,
-		Network:             a.Network.Copy(),
-		NameServerGroups:    make([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup, 0),
-		CustomZoneDomain:    peersCustomZone.Domain,
-		ResourcePoliciesMap: make(map[string][]*Policy),
-		RoutersMap:          make(map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter),
-		NetworkResources:    make([]*resourceTypes.NetworkResource, 0),
-		PostureFailedPeers:  make(map[string]map[string]struct{}, len(a.PostureChecks)),
-		RouterPeers:         make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer),
-	}
-
-	components.AccountSettings = &AccountSettingsInfo{
-		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      a.Settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled,
-		PeerLoginExpiration:             a.Settings.PeerLoginExpiration,
-		PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled: a.Settings.PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled,
-		PeerInactivityExpiration:        a.Settings.PeerInactivityExpiration,
-	}
-
-	components.DNSSettings = &a.DNSSettings
-
-	relevantPeers, relevantGroups, relevantPolicies, relevantRoutes, sshReqs := a.getPeersGroupsPoliciesRoutes(ctx, peerID, peer.SSHEnabled, validatedPeersMap, &components.PostureFailedPeers)
-
-	if len(sshReqs.neededGroupIDs) > 0 {
-		components.GroupIDToUserIDs = filterGroupIDToUserIDs(groupIDToUserIDs, sshReqs.neededGroupIDs)
-	}
-	if sshReqs.needAllowedUserIDs {
-		components.AllowedUserIDs = a.getAllowedUserIDs()
-	}
-
-	components.Peers = relevantPeers
-	components.Groups = relevantGroups
-	components.Policies = relevantPolicies
-	components.Routes = relevantRoutes
-	components.AllDNSRecords = filterDNSRecordsByPeers(peersCustomZone.Records, relevantPeers)
-
-	peerGroups := a.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
-	components.AccountZones = filterPeerAppliedZones(ctx, accountZones, peerGroups)
-
-	for _, nsGroup := range a.NameServerGroups {
-		if nsGroup.Enabled {
-			for _, gID := range nsGroup.Groups {
-				if _, found := relevantGroups[gID]; found {
-					components.NameServerGroups = append(components.NameServerGroups, nsGroup)
-					break
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, resource := range a.NetworkResources {
-		if !resource.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		policies, exists := resourcePolicies[resource.ID]
-		if !exists {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		addSourcePeers := false
-
-		networkRoutingPeers, routerExists := routers[resource.NetworkID]
-		if routerExists {
-			if _, ok := networkRoutingPeers[peerID]; ok {
-				addSourcePeers = true
-			}
-		}
-
-		for _, policy := range policies {
-			if addSourcePeers {
-				var peers []string
-				if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
-					peers = []string{policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID}
-				} else {
-					peers = a.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(ctx, policy.SourceGroups())
-				}
-				for _, pID := range a.getPostureValidPeersSaveFailed(peers, policy.SourcePostureChecks, validatedPeersMap, &components.PostureFailedPeers) {
-					if _, exists := components.Peers[pID]; !exists {
-						components.Peers[pID] = a.GetPeer(pID)
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				peerInSources := false
-				if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
-					peerInSources = policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID == peerID
-				} else {
-					for _, groupID := range policy.SourceGroups() {
-						if group := a.GetGroup(groupID); group != nil && slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID) {
-							peerInSources = true
-							break
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				if !peerInSources {
-					continue
-				}
-				isValid, pname := a.validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(ctx, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID)
-				if !isValid && len(pname) > 0 {
-					if _, ok := components.PostureFailedPeers[pname]; !ok {
-						components.PostureFailedPeers[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
-					}
-					components.PostureFailedPeers[pname][peer.ID] = struct{}{}
-					continue
-				}
-				addSourcePeers = true
-			}
-
-			for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
-				for _, srcGroupID := range rule.Sources {
-					if g := a.Groups[srcGroupID]; g != nil {
-						if _, exists := components.Groups[srcGroupID]; !exists {
-							components.Groups[srcGroupID] = g
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				for _, dstGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
-					if g := a.Groups[dstGroupID]; g != nil {
-						if _, exists := components.Groups[dstGroupID]; !exists {
-							components.Groups[dstGroupID] = g
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			components.ResourcePoliciesMap[resource.ID] = policies
-		}
-
-		components.RoutersMap[resource.NetworkID] = networkRoutingPeers
-		for peerIDKey := range networkRoutingPeers {
-			if p := a.Peers[peerIDKey]; p != nil {
-				if _, exists := components.RouterPeers[peerIDKey]; !exists {
-					components.RouterPeers[peerIDKey] = p
-				}
-				if _, exists := components.Peers[peerIDKey]; !exists {
-					if _, validated := validatedPeersMap[peerIDKey]; validated {
-						components.Peers[peerIDKey] = p
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		if addSourcePeers {
-			components.NetworkResources = append(components.NetworkResources, resource)
-		}
-	}
-
-	filterGroupPeers(&components.Groups, components.Peers)
-	filterPostureFailedPeers(&components.PostureFailedPeers, components.Policies, components.ResourcePoliciesMap, components.Peers)
-
-	return components
+	nmd := a.toNetworkMapData(accountZones, validatedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, groupIDToUserIDs)
+	return nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(peerID, TwinCustomZone(peersCustomZone))
 }
 
-type sshRequirements struct {
-	neededGroupIDs     map[string]struct{}
-	needAllowedUserIDs bool
-}
-
-func (a *Account) getPeersGroupsPoliciesRoutes(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	peerID string,
-	peerSSHEnabled bool,
-	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
-	postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{},
-) (map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, map[string]*Group, []*Policy, []*route.Route, sshRequirements) {
-	relevantPeerIDs := make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, len(a.Peers)/4)
-	relevantGroupIDs := make(map[string]*Group, len(a.Groups)/4)
-	relevantPolicies := make([]*Policy, 0, len(a.Policies))
-	relevantRoutes := make([]*route.Route, 0, len(a.Routes))
-	sshReqs := sshRequirements{neededGroupIDs: make(map[string]struct{})}
-
-	relevantPeerIDs[peerID] = a.GetPeer(peerID)
-
-	for groupID, group := range a.Groups {
-		if slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID) {
-			relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = a.GetGroup(groupID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	routeAccessControlGroups := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, r := range a.Routes {
-		for _, groupID := range r.Groups {
-			relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = a.GetGroup(groupID)
-		}
-		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
-			relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = a.GetGroup(groupID)
-		}
-		if r.Enabled {
-			for _, groupID := range r.AccessControlGroups {
-				relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = a.GetGroup(groupID)
-				routeAccessControlGroups[groupID] = struct{}{}
-			}
-		}
-		relevantRoutes = append(relevantRoutes, r)
-	}
-
-	for _, policy := range a.Policies {
-		if !policy.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		policyRelevant := false
-		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
-			if !rule.Enabled {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if len(routeAccessControlGroups) > 0 {
-				for _, destGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
-					if _, needed := routeAccessControlGroups[destGroupID]; needed {
-						policyRelevant = true
-						for _, srcGroupID := range rule.Sources {
-							relevantGroupIDs[srcGroupID] = a.GetGroup(srcGroupID)
-						}
-						for _, dstGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
-							relevantGroupIDs[dstGroupID] = a.GetGroup(dstGroupID)
-						}
-						break
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			var sourcePeers, destinationPeers []string
-			var peerInSources, peerInDestinations bool
-
-			if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
-				sourcePeers = []string{rule.SourceResource.ID}
-				if rule.SourceResource.ID == peerID {
-					peerInSources = true
-				}
-			} else {
-				sourcePeers, peerInSources = a.getPeersFromGroups(ctx, rule.Sources, peerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks, validatedPeersMap, postureFailedPeers)
-			}
-
-			if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
-				destinationPeers = []string{rule.DestinationResource.ID}
-				if rule.DestinationResource.ID == peerID {
-					peerInDestinations = true
-				}
-			} else {
-				destinationPeers, peerInDestinations = a.getPeersFromGroups(ctx, rule.Destinations, peerID, nil, validatedPeersMap, postureFailedPeers)
-			}
-
-			if peerInSources {
-				policyRelevant = true
-				for _, pid := range destinationPeers {
-					relevantPeerIDs[pid] = a.GetPeer(pid)
-				}
-				for _, dstGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
-					relevantGroupIDs[dstGroupID] = a.GetGroup(dstGroupID)
-				}
-			}
-
-			if peerInDestinations {
-				policyRelevant = true
-				for _, pid := range sourcePeers {
-					relevantPeerIDs[pid] = a.GetPeer(pid)
-				}
-				for _, srcGroupID := range rule.Sources {
-					relevantGroupIDs[srcGroupID] = a.GetGroup(srcGroupID)
-				}
-
-				if rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH {
-					switch {
-					case len(rule.AuthorizedGroups) > 0:
-						for groupID := range rule.AuthorizedGroups {
-							sshReqs.neededGroupIDs[groupID] = struct{}{}
-						}
-					case rule.AuthorizedUser != "":
-					default:
-						sshReqs.needAllowedUserIDs = true
-					}
-				} else if policyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && peerSSHEnabled {
-					sshReqs.needAllowedUserIDs = true
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if policyRelevant {
-			relevantPolicies = append(relevantPolicies, policy)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return relevantPeerIDs, relevantGroupIDs, relevantPolicies, relevantRoutes, sshReqs
-}
-
-func (a *Account) getPeersFromGroups(ctx context.Context, groups []string, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string,
-	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}, postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}) ([]string, bool) {
-	peerInGroups := false
-	filteredPeerIDs := make([]string, 0, len(groups))
-	seenPeerIds := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groups))
-
-	for _, gid := range groups {
-		group := a.GetGroup(gid)
-		if group == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if group.IsGroupAll() || len(groups) == 1 {
-			filteredPeerIDs = make([]string, 0, len(group.Peers))
-			peerInGroups = false
-			for _, pid := range group.Peers {
-				peer, ok := a.Peers[pid]
-				if !ok || peer == nil {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[peer.ID]; !ok {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				isValid, pname := a.validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(ctx, sourcePostureChecksIDs, peer.ID)
-				if !isValid && len(pname) > 0 {
-					if _, ok := (*postureFailedPeers)[pname]; !ok {
-						(*postureFailedPeers)[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
-					}
-					(*postureFailedPeers)[pname][peer.ID] = struct{}{}
-					continue
-				}
-
-				if peer.ID == peerID {
-					peerInGroups = true
-					continue
-				}
-
-				filteredPeerIDs = append(filteredPeerIDs, peer.ID)
-			}
-			return filteredPeerIDs, peerInGroups
-		}
-
-		for _, pid := range group.Peers {
-			if _, seen := seenPeerIds[pid]; seen {
-				continue
-			}
-			seenPeerIds[pid] = struct{}{}
-			peer, ok := a.Peers[pid]
-			if !ok || peer == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[peer.ID]; !ok {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			isValid, pname := a.validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(ctx, sourcePostureChecksIDs, peer.ID)
-			if !isValid && len(pname) > 0 {
-				if _, ok := (*postureFailedPeers)[pname]; !ok {
-					(*postureFailedPeers)[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
-				}
-				(*postureFailedPeers)[pname][peer.ID] = struct{}{}
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if peer.ID == peerID {
-				peerInGroups = true
-				continue
-			}
-
-			filteredPeerIDs = append(filteredPeerIDs, peer.ID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return filteredPeerIDs, peerInGroups
-}
-
-func (a *Account) validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(ctx context.Context, sourcePostureChecksID []string, peerID string) (bool, string) {
-	peer, ok := a.Peers[peerID]
-	if !ok || peer == nil {
-		return false, ""
-	}
-
-	for _, postureChecksID := range sourcePostureChecksID {
-		postureChecks := a.GetPostureChecks(postureChecksID)
-		if postureChecks == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, check := range postureChecks.GetChecks() {
-			isValid, _ := check.Check(ctx, *peer)
-			if !isValid {
-				return false, postureChecksID
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return true, ""
-}
-
-func (a *Account) getPostureValidPeersSaveFailed(inputPeers []string, postureChecksIDs []string, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}, postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}) []string {
-	var dest []string
-	for _, peerID := range inputPeers {
-		if _, validated := validatedPeersMap[peerID]; !validated {
-			continue
-		}
-		valid, pname := a.validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(context.Background(), postureChecksIDs, peerID)
-		if valid {
-			dest = append(dest, peerID)
-			continue
-		}
-		if _, ok := (*postureFailedPeers)[pname]; !ok {
-			(*postureFailedPeers)[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
-		}
-		(*postureFailedPeers)[pname][peerID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	return dest
-}
-
-func filterGroupPeers(groups *map[string]*Group, peers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer) {
-	for groupID, groupInfo := range *groups {
-		filteredPeers := make([]string, 0, len(groupInfo.Peers))
-		for _, pid := range groupInfo.Peers {
-			if _, exists := peers[pid]; exists {
-				filteredPeers = append(filteredPeers, pid)
-			}
-		}
-
-		if len(filteredPeers) == 0 {
-			delete(*groups, groupID)
-		} else if len(filteredPeers) != len(groupInfo.Peers) {
-			ng := groupInfo.Copy()
-			ng.Peers = filteredPeers
-			(*groups)[groupID] = ng
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func filterPostureFailedPeers(postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}, policies []*Policy, resourcePoliciesMap map[string][]*Policy, peers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer) {
-	if len(*postureFailedPeers) == 0 {
-		return
-	}
-
-	referencedPostureChecks := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, policy := range policies {
-		for _, checkID := range policy.SourcePostureChecks {
-			referencedPostureChecks[checkID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-	for _, resPolicies := range resourcePoliciesMap {
-		for _, policy := range resPolicies {
-			for _, checkID := range policy.SourcePostureChecks {
-				referencedPostureChecks[checkID] = struct{}{}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for checkID, failedPeers := range *postureFailedPeers {
-		if _, referenced := referencedPostureChecks[checkID]; !referenced {
-			delete(*postureFailedPeers, checkID)
-			continue
-		}
-		for peerID := range failedPeers {
-			if _, exists := peers[peerID]; !exists {
-				delete(failedPeers, peerID)
-			}
-		}
-		if len(failedPeers) == 0 {
-			delete(*postureFailedPeers, checkID)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func filterDNSRecordsByPeers(records []nbdns.SimpleRecord, peers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer) []nbdns.SimpleRecord {
-	if len(records) == 0 || len(peers) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	peerIPs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(peers))
-	for _, peer := range peers {
-		if peer != nil {
-			peerIPs[peer.IP.String()] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	filteredRecords := make([]nbdns.SimpleRecord, 0, len(records))
-	for _, record := range records {
-		if _, exists := peerIPs[record.RData]; exists {
-			filteredRecords = append(filteredRecords, record)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return filteredRecords
-}
-
-func filterGroupIDToUserIDs(fullMap map[string][]string, neededGroupIDs map[string]struct{}) map[string][]string {
-	if len(neededGroupIDs) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	filtered := make(map[string][]string, len(neededGroupIDs))
-	for groupID := range neededGroupIDs {
-		if users, ok := fullMap[groupID]; ok {
-			filtered[groupID] = users
-		}
-	}
-	return filtered
+// PrecomputePostureValidation evaluates every posture check referenced by an enabled
+// policy once and stores the results on the account, so the per-peer components
+// calculations that follow look them up instead of re-evaluating checks for every
+// peer pair. The evaluation itself runs on the twin store; every twin built from
+// this account afterwards inherits the results. It must be called before the
+// account is shared across goroutines.
+func (a *Account) PrecomputePostureValidation(ctx context.Context) {
+	nmd := a.toNetworkMapData(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	nmd.PrecomputePostureValidation()
+	a.PostureValidation = nmd.PostureValidation
 }
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_components_test.go b/management/server/types/account_components_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99f5f9b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/account_components_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_PeerMissingFromAcount(t *testing.T) {
+	account := Account{Network: NewNetwork()}
+	nmapcomponets := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(context.TODO(), "missing-peer", dns.CustomZone{}, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, EmptyNetworkMapComponents(&types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		PeerID:                        "missing-peer",
+		Network:                       TwinNetwork(account.Network),
+		Peers:                         map[string]*nmdata.Peer{"missing-peer": nil},
+		ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution: false,
+	}), nmapcomponets)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_networkmapdata.go b/management/server/types/account_networkmapdata.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80052d393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/account_networkmapdata.go
@@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	proxydomain "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+	nbroute "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+// toNetworkMapData builds the slim twin store from the account once per
+// account. The per-peer components calculation then runs on the twin.
+func (a *Account) toNetworkMapData(
+	accountZones []*zones.Zone,
+	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
+	resourcePolicies map[string][]*Policy,
+	routers map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter,
+	groupIDToUserIDs map[string][]string,
+) *networkmap.NetworkMapData {
+	nmd := &networkmap.NetworkMapData{
+		Peers:                     make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer, len(a.Peers)),
+		Groups:                    make(map[string]*nmdata.Group, len(a.Groups)),
+		Policies:                  make([]*nmdata.Policy, 0, len(a.Policies)),
+		Routes:                    make([]*nmdata.Route, 0, len(a.Routes)),
+		NameServerGroups:          make([]*nmdata.NameServerGroup, 0, len(a.NameServerGroups)),
+		NetworkResources:          make([]*nmdata.NetworkResource, 0, len(a.NetworkResources)),
+		PostureChecks:             make(map[string]*nmdata.PostureChecks, len(a.PostureChecks)),
+		ResourcePolicies:          make(map[string][]*nmdata.Policy, len(resourcePolicies)),
+		Routers:                   make(map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter, len(routers)),
+		ValidatedPeers:            validatedPeersMap,
+		GroupIDToUserIDs:          groupIDToUserIDs,
+		PostureValidation:         a.PostureValidation,
+		AllowedUserIDs:            a.getAllowedUserIDs(),
+		NetworkXIDToPublicID:      make(map[string]string, len(a.Networks)),
+		PostureCheckXIDToPublicID: make(map[string]string, len(a.PostureChecks)),
+	}
+
+	if a.Network != nil {
+		nmd.Network = TwinNetwork(a.Network)
+	}
+	nmd.DNSSettings = &nmdata.DNSSettings{DisabledManagementGroups: a.DNSSettings.DisabledManagementGroups}
+	nmd.AccountSettings = TwinAccountSettings(a.Settings)
+
+	for id, p := range a.Peers {
+		nmd.Peers[id] = twinPeer(p)
+	}
+	for id, g := range a.Groups {
+		nmd.Groups[id] = twinGroup(g)
+	}
+
+	policyCache := make(map[string]*nmdata.Policy, len(a.Policies))
+	twinPol := func(p *Policy) *nmdata.Policy {
+		if p == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if tp, ok := policyCache[p.ID]; ok {
+			return tp
+		}
+		tp := twinPolicy(p)
+		policyCache[p.ID] = tp
+		return tp
+	}
+	for _, p := range a.Policies {
+		nmd.Policies = append(nmd.Policies, twinPol(p))
+	}
+	for resID, pols := range resourcePolicies {
+		twinPols := make([]*nmdata.Policy, 0, len(pols))
+		for _, p := range pols {
+			twinPols = append(twinPols, twinPol(p))
+		}
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies[resID] = twinPols
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range a.Routes {
+		if r == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		nmd.Routes = append(nmd.Routes, twinRoute(r))
+	}
+	for _, nsg := range a.NameServerGroups {
+		nmd.NameServerGroups = append(nmd.NameServerGroups, twinNSG(nsg))
+	}
+	for _, res := range a.NetworkResources {
+		nmd.NetworkResources = append(nmd.NetworkResources, TwinNetworkResource(res))
+	}
+	for _, pc := range a.PostureChecks {
+		if pc != nil {
+			nmd.PostureChecks[pc.ID] = TwinPostureChecks(pc)
+			nmd.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID[pc.ID] = pc.PublicID
+		}
+	}
+	for _, n := range a.Networks {
+		if n != nil {
+			nmd.NetworkXIDToPublicID[n.ID] = n.PublicID
+		}
+	}
+	for networkID, inner := range routers {
+		twinInner := make(map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter, len(inner))
+		for peerID, router := range inner {
+			twinInner[peerID] = twinRouter(router)
+		}
+		nmd.Routers[networkID] = twinInner
+	}
+
+	nmd.ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs = a.proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs()
+	nmd.AppliedZoneCandidates = buildAppliedZoneCandidates(accountZones)
+	nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates = a.buildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+	nmd.Services = TwinServices(a.Services)
+	nmd.Domains = twinProxyDomains(a.Domains)
+
+	return nmd
+}
+
+// TwinServices converts reverse-proxy services to their slim nmdata twins.
+// Exported for the network-map controller, which hands the store-backed twin
+// the same services the account carries.
+func TwinServices(services []*service.Service) []*nmdata.Service {
+	if len(services) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*nmdata.Service, 0, len(services))
+	for _, svc := range services {
+		if svc == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		targets := make([]*nmdata.ServiceTarget, 0, len(svc.Targets))
+		for _, t := range svc.Targets {
+			if t == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			path := ""
+			if t.Path != nil {
+				path = *t.Path
+			}
+			targets = append(targets, &nmdata.ServiceTarget{
+				Enabled:    t.Enabled,
+				Path:       path,
+				Port:       t.Port,
+				Protocol:   t.Protocol,
+				TargetID:   t.TargetId,
+				TargetType: string(t.TargetType),
+			})
+		}
+		out = append(out, &nmdata.Service{
+			ID:           svc.ID,
+			Enabled:      svc.Enabled,
+			Private:      svc.Private,
+			Mode:         svc.Mode,
+			Domain:       svc.Domain,
+			ProxyCluster: svc.ProxyCluster,
+			AccessGroups: svc.AccessGroups,
+			Targets:      targets,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func twinPeer(p *nbpeer.Peer) *nmdata.Peer {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	networkAddresses := make([]nmdata.NetworkAddress, 0, len(p.Meta.NetworkAddresses))
+	for _, na := range p.Meta.NetworkAddresses {
+		networkAddresses = append(networkAddresses, nmdata.NetworkAddress{NetIP: na.NetIP})
+	}
+	files := make([]nmdata.File, 0, len(p.Meta.Files))
+	for _, f := range p.Meta.Files {
+		files = append(files, nmdata.File{Path: f.Path, ProcessIsRunning: f.ProcessIsRunning})
+	}
+	return &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:                     p.ID,
+		Key:                    p.Key,
+		SSHKey:                 p.SSHKey,
+		DNSLabel:               p.DNSLabel,
+		UserID:                 p.UserID,
+		SSHEnabled:             p.SSHEnabled,
+		LoginExpirationEnabled: p.LoginExpirationEnabled,
+		LastLogin:              p.LastLogin,
+		IP:                     p.IP,
+		IPv6:                   p.IPv6,
+		RequiresApproval:       p.Status != nil && p.Status.RequiresApproval,
+		Connected:              p.Status != nil && p.Status.Connected,
+		ExtraDNSLabels:         p.ExtraDNSLabels,
+		ProxyMeta:              nmdata.ProxyMeta{Embedded: p.ProxyMeta.Embedded, Cluster: p.ProxyMeta.Cluster},
+		Meta: nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{
+			WtVersion:          p.Meta.WtVersion,
+			GoOS:               p.Meta.GoOS,
+			OSVersion:          p.Meta.OSVersion,
+			KernelVersion:      p.Meta.KernelVersion,
+			NetworkAddresses:   networkAddresses,
+			Files:              files,
+			Capabilities:       p.Meta.Capabilities,
+			SyncMessageVersion: p.Meta.SyncMessageVersion,
+			Flags: nmdata.Flags{
+				ServerSSHAllowed: p.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed,
+				DisableIPv6:      p.Meta.Flags.DisableIPv6,
+			},
+		},
+		Location: nmdata.PeerLocation{
+			CountryCode:  p.Location.CountryCode,
+			CityName:     p.Location.CityName,
+			ConnectionIP: p.Location.ConnectionIP,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// TwinPeer converts a real peer to its slim nmdata twin. Exported for the
+// port-forwarding integration, which builds proxy NetworkMaps holding twins.
+func TwinPeer(p *nbpeer.Peer) *nmdata.Peer {
+	return twinPeer(p)
+}
+
+// TwinPeers converts real peers to their slim nmdata twins.
+func TwinPeers(peers []*nbpeer.Peer) []*nmdata.Peer {
+	out := make([]*nmdata.Peer, len(peers))
+	for i, p := range peers {
+		out[i] = twinPeer(p)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// TwinGroups converts real groups to their slim nmdata twins.
+func TwinGroups(groups []*Group) []*nmdata.Group {
+	out := make([]*nmdata.Group, len(groups))
+	for i, g := range groups {
+		out[i] = twinGroup(g)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func twinGroup(g *Group) *nmdata.Group {
+	if g == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &nmdata.Group{
+		ID:       g.ID,
+		Name:     g.Name,
+		PublicID: g.PublicID,
+		Peers:    g.Peers,
+	}
+}
+
+func twinPolicy(p *Policy) *nmdata.Policy {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	rules := make([]*nmdata.PolicyRule, 0, len(p.Rules))
+	for _, r := range p.Rules {
+		rules = append(rules, twinRule(r))
+	}
+	return &nmdata.Policy{
+		ID:                  p.ID,
+		PublicID:            p.PublicID,
+		Enabled:             p.Enabled,
+		SourcePostureChecks: p.SourcePostureChecks,
+		Rules:               rules,
+	}
+}
+
+func twinRule(r *PolicyRule) *nmdata.PolicyRule {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var portRanges []nmdata.RulePortRange
+	if r.PortRanges != nil {
+		portRanges = make([]nmdata.RulePortRange, len(r.PortRanges))
+		for i, pr := range r.PortRanges {
+			portRanges[i] = nmdata.RulePortRange{Start: pr.Start, End: pr.End}
+		}
+	}
+	return &nmdata.PolicyRule{
+		ID:                  r.ID,
+		PolicyID:            r.PolicyID,
+		Enabled:             r.Enabled,
+		Action:              string(r.Action),
+		Protocol:            string(r.Protocol),
+		Bidirectional:       r.Bidirectional,
+		Sources:             r.Sources,
+		Destinations:        r.Destinations,
+		SourceResource:      nmdata.Resource{ID: r.SourceResource.ID, Type: string(r.SourceResource.Type)},
+		DestinationResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: r.DestinationResource.ID, Type: string(r.DestinationResource.Type)},
+		Ports:               r.Ports,
+		PortRanges:          portRanges,
+		AuthorizedGroups:    r.AuthorizedGroups,
+		AuthorizedUser:      r.AuthorizedUser,
+	}
+}
+
+func twinRoute(r *nbroute.Route) *nmdata.Route {
+	return &nmdata.Route{
+		ID:                  string(r.ID),
+		AccountID:           r.AccountID,
+		PublicID:            r.PublicID,
+		Network:             r.Network,
+		Domains:             r.Domains,
+		KeepRoute:           r.KeepRoute,
+		NetID:               string(r.NetID),
+		Description:         r.Description,
+		Peer:                r.Peer,
+		PeerID:              r.PeerID,
+		PeerGroups:          r.PeerGroups,
+		NetworkType:         int(r.NetworkType),
+		Masquerade:          r.Masquerade,
+		Metric:              r.Metric,
+		Enabled:             r.Enabled,
+		Groups:              r.Groups,
+		AccessControlGroups: r.AccessControlGroups,
+		SkipAutoApply:       r.SkipAutoApply,
+	}
+}
+
+// TwinRoute converts a real *route.Route to its slim nmdata twin. Exported for
+// tests that assert against twin routes returned in a NetworkMap.
+func TwinRoute(r *nbroute.Route) *nmdata.Route {
+	return twinRoute(r)
+}
+
+func TwinNetworkResource(r *resourceTypes.NetworkResource) *nmdata.NetworkResource {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		ID:          r.ID,
+		NetworkID:   r.NetworkID,
+		AccountID:   r.AccountID,
+		PublicID:    r.PublicID,
+		Name:        r.Name,
+		Description: r.Description,
+		Type:        string(r.Type),
+		Address:     r.Address,
+		Domain:      r.Domain,
+		Prefix:      r.Prefix,
+		Enabled:     r.Enabled,
+	}
+}
+
+func twinRouter(r *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) *nmdata.NetworkRouter {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &nmdata.NetworkRouter{
+		PublicID:   r.PublicID,
+		PeerGroups: r.PeerGroups,
+		Masquerade: r.Masquerade,
+		Metric:     r.Metric,
+		Enabled:    r.Enabled,
+	}
+}
+
+func twinNSG(n *nbdns.NameServerGroup) *nmdata.NameServerGroup {
+	if n == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	nameServers := make([]nmdata.NameServer, 0, len(n.NameServers))
+	for _, ns := range n.NameServers {
+		nameServers = append(nameServers, nmdata.NameServer{
+			IP:     ns.IP,
+			NSType: int(ns.NSType),
+			Port:   ns.Port,
+		})
+	}
+	return &nmdata.NameServerGroup{
+		ID:                   n.ID,
+		PublicID:             n.PublicID,
+		Name:                 n.Name,
+		Description:          n.Description,
+		NameServers:          nameServers,
+		Groups:               n.Groups,
+		Primary:              n.Primary,
+		Domains:              n.Domains,
+		Enabled:              n.Enabled,
+		SearchDomainsEnabled: n.SearchDomainsEnabled,
+	}
+}
+
+// TwinNetwork converts a real *Network to its slim twin. Exported for the
+// graceful-degrade path that builds a minimal NetworkMapComponents directly.
+func TwinNetwork(n *Network) *nmdata.Network {
+	nc := n.Copy()
+	return &nmdata.Network{
+		Identifier: nc.Identifier,
+		Net:        nc.Net,
+		NetV6:      nc.NetV6,
+		Dns:        nc.Dns,
+		Serial:     int64(nc.Serial),
+	}
+}
+
+// TwinPostureChecksList converts posture checks to their slim nmdata twins.
+func TwinPostureChecksList(checks []*posture.Checks) []*nmdata.PostureChecks {
+	out := make([]*nmdata.PostureChecks, 0, len(checks))
+	for _, pc := range checks {
+		out = append(out, TwinPostureChecks(pc))
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// TwinPostureChecks converts posture checks to their slim nmdata twin.
+func TwinPostureChecks(pc *posture.Checks) *nmdata.PostureChecks {
+	if pc == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := &nmdata.PostureChecks{ID: pc.ID}
+	def := pc.Checks
+	if def.NBVersionCheck != nil {
+		out.Checks.NBVersionCheck = &nmdata.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: def.NBVersionCheck.MinVersion}
+	}
+	if def.OSVersionCheck != nil {
+		oc := &nmdata.OSVersionCheck{}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Android != nil {
+			oc.Android = &nmdata.MinVersionCheck{MinVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Android.MinVersion}
+		}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Darwin != nil {
+			oc.Darwin = &nmdata.MinVersionCheck{MinVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Darwin.MinVersion}
+		}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Ios != nil {
+			oc.Ios = &nmdata.MinVersionCheck{MinVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Ios.MinVersion}
+		}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Linux != nil {
+			oc.Linux = &nmdata.MinKernelVersionCheck{MinKernelVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Linux.MinKernelVersion}
+		}
+		if def.OSVersionCheck.Windows != nil {
+			oc.Windows = &nmdata.MinKernelVersionCheck{MinKernelVersion: def.OSVersionCheck.Windows.MinKernelVersion}
+		}
+		out.Checks.OSVersionCheck = oc
+	}
+	if def.GeoLocationCheck != nil {
+		gc := &nmdata.GeoLocationCheck{Action: def.GeoLocationCheck.Action}
+		for _, loc := range def.GeoLocationCheck.Locations {
+			gc.Locations = append(gc.Locations, nmdata.GeoLocation{CountryCode: loc.CountryCode, CityName: loc.CityName})
+		}
+		out.Checks.GeoLocationCheck = gc
+	}
+	if def.PeerNetworkRangeCheck != nil {
+		out.Checks.PeerNetworkRangeCheck = &nmdata.PeerNetworkRangeCheck{
+			Action: def.PeerNetworkRangeCheck.Action,
+			Ranges: def.PeerNetworkRangeCheck.Ranges,
+		}
+	}
+	if def.ProcessCheck != nil {
+		procs := make([]nmdata.Process, 0, len(def.ProcessCheck.Processes))
+		for _, p := range def.ProcessCheck.Processes {
+			procs = append(procs, nmdata.Process{LinuxPath: p.LinuxPath, MacPath: p.MacPath, WindowsPath: p.WindowsPath})
+		}
+		out.Checks.ProcessCheck = &nmdata.ProcessCheck{Processes: procs}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// buildAppliedZoneCandidates precomputes the account-level custom DNS zones
+// (record conversion) once; the per-peer distribution-group gate runs in the
+// components calc. Mirrors the account-level half of filterPeerAppliedZones.
+func buildAppliedZoneCandidates(accountZones []*zones.Zone) []networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate {
+	var out []networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate
+	for _, zone := range accountZones {
+		if !zone.Enabled || len(zone.Records) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		simpleRecords := make([]nmdata.SimpleRecord, 0, len(zone.Records))
+		for _, record := range zone.Records {
+			var recordType int
+			rData := record.Content
+			switch record.Type {
+			case records.RecordTypeA:
+				recordType = int(dns.TypeA)
+			case records.RecordTypeAAAA:
+				recordType = int(dns.TypeAAAA)
+			case records.RecordTypeCNAME:
+				recordType = int(dns.TypeCNAME)
+				rData = dns.Fqdn(record.Content)
+			default:
+				continue
+			}
+			simpleRecords = append(simpleRecords, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+				Name:  dns.Fqdn(record.Name),
+				Type:  recordType,
+				Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+				TTL:   record.TTL,
+				RData: rData,
+			})
+		}
+		out = append(out, networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate{
+			DistributionGroups: zone.DistributionGroups,
+			Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{
+				Domain:               dns.Fqdn(zone.Domain),
+				Records:              simpleRecords,
+				SearchDomainDisabled: !zone.EnableSearchDomain,
+				NonAuthoritative:     true,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// buildPrivateServiceCandidates precomputes the connected-proxy A records per
+// private service (account-level); the per-peer access-group gate + apex merge
+// run in the components calc. Mirrors the account-level half of
+// SynthesizePrivateServiceZones.
+func (a *Account) buildPrivateServiceCandidates() []networkmap.PrivateServiceCandidate {
+	if len(a.Services) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	proxyPeersByCluster := a.GetProxyPeers()
+	if len(proxyPeersByCluster) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var out []networkmap.PrivateServiceCandidate
+	for _, svc := range a.Services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled || !svc.Private {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(svc.AccessGroups) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		proxyPeers := proxyPeersByCluster[svc.ProxyCluster]
+		if len(proxyPeers) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		apex := a.privateServiceDomainZone(svc)
+		if apex == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var recs []nmdata.SimpleRecord
+		for _, p := range proxyPeers {
+			if p == nil || !p.IP.IsValid() {
+				continue
+			}
+			if p.Status == nil || !p.Status.Connected {
+				continue
+			}
+			recs = append(recs, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+				Name:  dns.Fqdn(svc.Domain),
+				Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+				Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+				TTL:   privateServiceDNSRecordTTL,
+				RData: p.IP.String(),
+			})
+		}
+		if len(recs) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		out = append(out, networkmap.PrivateServiceCandidate{
+			AccessGroups: svc.AccessGroups,
+			Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{
+				Domain:               dns.Fqdn(apex),
+				Records:              recs,
+				NonAuthoritative:     true,
+				SearchDomainDisabled: true,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// TwinAccountSettings converts real account settings to the slim nmdata twin.
+// Exported for callers of the twin-based sync response builders.
+func TwinAccountSettings(s *Settings) *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo {
+	if s == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      s.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:             s.PeerLoginExpiration,
+		PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled: s.PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled,
+		PeerInactivityExpiration:        s.PeerInactivityExpiration,
+		DNSDomain:                       s.DNSDomain,
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:               s.IPv6EnabledGroups,
+		RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled: s.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled,
+		LazyConnectionEnabled:           s.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		AutoUpdateVersion:               s.AutoUpdateVersion,
+		AutoUpdateAlways:                s.AutoUpdateAlways,
+		MetricsPushEnabled:              s.MetricsPushEnabled,
+	}
+}
+
+func fromTwinCustomZone(z nmdata.CustomZone) nbdns.CustomZone {
+	records := make([]nbdns.SimpleRecord, 0, len(z.Records))
+	for _, r := range z.Records {
+		records = append(records, nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+			Name:  r.Name,
+			Type:  r.Type,
+			Class: r.Class,
+			TTL:   r.TTL,
+			RData: r.RData,
+		})
+	}
+	return nbdns.CustomZone{
+		Domain:               z.Domain,
+		Records:              records,
+		SearchDomainDisabled: z.SearchDomainDisabled,
+		NonAuthoritative:     z.NonAuthoritative,
+	}
+}
+
+// TwinCustomZone converts a real DNS custom zone to its slim nmdata twin.
+// Exported for the network-map controller's DB-store path, which feeds real
+// zones into the twin-based components calculation.
+func TwinCustomZone(z nbdns.CustomZone) nmdata.CustomZone {
+	records := make([]nmdata.SimpleRecord, 0, len(z.Records))
+	for _, r := range z.Records {
+		records = append(records, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+			Name:  r.Name,
+			Type:  r.Type,
+			Class: r.Class,
+			TTL:   r.TTL,
+			RData: r.RData,
+		})
+	}
+	return nmdata.CustomZone{
+		Domain:               z.Domain,
+		Records:              records,
+		SearchDomainDisabled: z.SearchDomainDisabled,
+		NonAuthoritative:     z.NonAuthoritative,
+	}
+}
+
+// twinProxyDomains converts the account's registered reverse-proxy domains to
+// their slim twins, so private-service zone apex resolution runs on the twin.
+func twinProxyDomains(domains []*proxydomain.Domain) []nmdata.ProxyDomain {
+	if len(domains) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]nmdata.ProxyDomain, 0, len(domains))
+	for _, d := range domains {
+		if d == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, nmdata.ProxyDomain{Domain: d.Domain, TargetCluster: d.TargetCluster})
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_posture_validation_test.go b/management/server/types/account_posture_validation_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69a744bea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/account_posture_validation_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package types_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+)
+
+func TestPrecomputePostureValidation_MatchesDirectEvaluation(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(60, 5)
+
+	account.PostureChecks = append(account.PostureChecks, &posture.Checks{
+		ID: "posture-check-strict", Name: "Strict version",
+		Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.50.0"},
+		},
+	})
+	account.Policies[0].SourcePostureChecks = []string{"posture-check-ver", "posture-check-unknown"}
+	account.Policies[1].SourcePostureChecks = []string{"posture-check-strict"}
+	account.Policies[2].SourcePostureChecks = []string{"posture-check-ver"}
+	account.Policies[2].Enabled = false
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+
+	type result struct {
+		peers              map[string]struct{}
+		postureFailedPeers map[string]map[string]struct{}
+	}
+	snapshot := func() map[string]result {
+		results := make(map[string]result, len(account.Peers))
+		for peerID := range account.Peers {
+			components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, nil)
+			require.NotNil(t, components)
+			peerSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(components.Peers))
+			for id := range components.Peers {
+				peerSet[id] = struct{}{}
+			}
+			results[peerID] = result{peers: peerSet, postureFailedPeers: components.PostureFailedPeers}
+		}
+		return results
+	}
+
+	direct := snapshot()
+	account.PrecomputePostureValidation(ctx)
+	memoized := snapshot()
+
+	require.Equal(t, len(direct), len(memoized))
+	for peerID, want := range direct {
+		got := memoized[peerID]
+		assert.Equal(t, want.peers, got.peers, "visible peers changed for %s", peerID)
+		assert.Equal(t, want.postureFailedPeers, got.postureFailedPeers, "posture failed peers changed for %s", peerID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrecomputePostureValidation_NoPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(10, 2)
+	account.PostureChecks = nil
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	account.PrecomputePostureValidation(ctx)
+
+	components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(ctx, "peer-0", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap(), nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, components)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, components.Peers)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_private_netmap_test.go b/management/server/types/account_private_netmap_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5dccfbf30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/account_private_netmap_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+func TestPrivateService_NetworkMap_UserPeer_AndProxyPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["user-peer"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.50.0"
+	account.Peers["proxy-peer"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.50.0"
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	validated := map[string]struct{}{
+		"user-peer":  {},
+		"proxy-peer": {},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("user-peer update", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, "user-peer", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+		require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+		zone, ok := findCustomZone(nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones, "eu.proxy.netbird.io")
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		require.Len(t, zone.Records, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", zone.Records[0].Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, int(dns.TypeA), zone.Records[0].Type)
+		assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", zone.Records[0].RData)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, netmapPeerIDs(nm.Peers), "proxy-peer")
+		assertPrivateServiceFirewallRules(t, nm.FirewallRules, "100.64.0.99", FirewallRuleDirectionOUT)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("proxy-peer update", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, "proxy-peer", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+		require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, netmapPeerIDs(nm.Peers), "user-peer")
+		assertPrivateServiceFirewallRules(t, nm.FirewallRules, "100.64.0.10", FirewallRuleDirectionIN)
+	})
+}
+
+func netmapPeerIDs(peers []*nmdata.Peer) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(peers))
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, p.ID)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func assertPrivateServiceFirewallRules(t *testing.T, rules []*FirewallRule, peerIP string, direction int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	wantPorts := map[uint16]bool{80: false, 443: false}
+	for _, r := range rules {
+		if r == nil || r.PeerIP != peerIP || r.Direction != direction {
+			continue
+		}
+		if r.Protocol != string(PolicyRuleProtocolTCP) || r.Action != string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept) {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch {
+		case r.PortRange.Start == r.PortRange.End && r.PortRange.Start != 0:
+			wantPorts[r.PortRange.Start] = true
+		case r.Port == "80":
+			wantPorts[80] = true
+		case r.Port == "443":
+			wantPorts[443] = true
+		}
+	}
+	for port, found := range wantPorts {
+		assert.Truef(t, found, "missing TCP accept rule on port %d for peer %s direction %d", port, peerIP, direction)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_private_zones_test.go b/management/server/types/account_private_zones_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efbbbffaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/account_private_zones_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	proxydomain "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+)
+
+func privateZoneTestAccount(t *testing.T) *Account {
+	t.Helper()
+	return &Account{
+		Id:       "acct-1",
+		Settings: &Settings{},
+		Network: &Network{
+			Identifier: "net-1",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+		},
+		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+			"user-peer": {
+				ID:        "user-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "user-peer-key",
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"),
+				Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
+			},
+			"proxy-peer": {
+				ID:        "proxy-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "proxy-peer-key",
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.99"),
+				Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
+				ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{
+					Embedded: true,
+					Cluster:  "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Groups: map[string]*Group{
+			"grp-admins": {
+				ID:    "grp-admins",
+				Name:  "admins",
+				Peers: []string{"user-peer"},
+			},
+		},
+		Services: []*service.Service{
+			{
+				ID:           "svc-1",
+				AccountID:    "acct-1",
+				Name:         "myapp",
+				Domain:       "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Private:      true,
+				Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+				AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_PeerInGroup_GetsRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1, "one cluster should produce one zone")
+	zone := zones[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "eu.proxy.netbird.io.", zone.Domain, "zone apex must be the cluster FQDN")
+	assert.True(t, zone.NonAuthoritative, "synth zone must be match-only so unrelated sibling names fall through to the upstream resolver")
+	require.Len(t, zone.Records, 1, "one private service yields one A record")
+	rec := zone.Records[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", rec.Name, "record name is the service FQDN")
+	assert.Equal(t, int(dns.TypeA), rec.Type, "record type must be A")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", rec.RData, "record points at the embedded proxy peer's tunnel IP")
+	assert.Equal(t, privateServiceDNSRecordTTL, rec.TTL, "TTL must match the synth-records constant")
+	assert.Equal(t, nbdns.DefaultClass, rec.Class, "record class must be the package default")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_PeerNotInGroup_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Groups["grp-admins"].Peers = nil
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "peer outside distribution_groups must not see private-service records")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_NotPrivate_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].Private = false
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "non-private service must not produce DNS records")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_NoAccessGroups_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].AccessGroups = nil
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "private service without bearer auth must not produce DNS records")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_NoProxyPeers_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	delete(account.Peers, "proxy-peer")
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "no embedded proxy peer in cluster means no record to emit")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_DisabledService_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].Enabled = false
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "disabled service must not produce DNS records")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_DisconnectedProxyPeer_NoRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["proxy-peer"].Status = &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: false}
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "disconnected proxy peer must not produce a DNS record (would be a black hole)")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_PartiallyDisconnectedProxyPeers_OnlyConnectedSurface(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["proxy-peer-2"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        "proxy-peer-2",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Key:       "proxy-peer-2-key",
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.100"),
+		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: false},
+		ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true, Cluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"},
+	}
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1)
+	require.Len(t, zones[0].Records, 1, "only the connected proxy peer must surface")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", zones[0].Records[0].RData)
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_MultipleProxyPeers_RoundRobin(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["proxy-peer-2"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        "proxy-peer-2",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Key:       "proxy-peer-2-key",
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.100"),
+		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
+		ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true, Cluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"},
+	}
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1, "still one cluster yields one zone")
+	require.Len(t, zones[0].Records, 2, "two proxy peers must produce two A records on the same name")
+	rdata := []string{zones[0].Records[0].RData, zones[0].Records[1].RData}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"100.64.0.99", "100.64.0.100"}, rdata, "both proxy peer IPs must surface")
+}
+
+// findCustomZone returns the CustomZone whose Domain equals the FQDN
+// of want, or a zero value when not found. Tests use it to assert
+// that the synth zone reaches dnsUpdate.CustomZones end-to-end.
+func findCustomZone(zones []nbdns.CustomZone, want string) (nbdns.CustomZone, bool) {
+	wantFqdn := dns.Fqdn(want)
+	for _, z := range zones {
+		if z.Domain == wantFqdn {
+			return z, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nbdns.CustomZone{}, false
+}
+
+// TestPrivateZone_GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents_ShipsSynthZone
+// covers the components-based builder path. The components builder
+// appends SynthesizePrivateServiceZones to AccountZones; the
+// CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents step then merges AccountZones
+// into dnsUpdate.CustomZones.
+func TestPrivateZone_GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents_ShipsSynthZone(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	validated := map[string]struct{}{
+		"user-peer":  {},
+		"proxy-peer": {},
+	}
+
+	nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, "user-peer", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm, "network map must be produced for an in-account peer")
+
+	zone, ok := findCustomZone(nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones, "eu.proxy.netbird.io")
+	require.True(t, ok, "shipped CustomZones must include the synth zone for the cluster")
+	require.Len(t, zone.Records, 1, "exactly one record per private service per connected proxy peer")
+	rec := zone.Records[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", rec.Name, "record name is the service FQDN")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", rec.RData, "record points at the embedded proxy peer's tunnel IP")
+}
+
+// TestPrivateZone_GetPeerNetworkMap_PeerOutsideGroups_OmitsSynthZone
+// confirms the negative case the user encountered: a peer whose
+// groups don't overlap the policy's distribution_groups gets a
+// network map with no synth zone (and the wildcard / peer zones still
+// flow through). This is the test mirror of the runtime confusion
+// where the user looked at a non-distribution-group peer and assumed
+// the synth path was broken.
+func TestPrivateZone_GetPeerNetworkMap_PeerOutsideGroups_OmitsSynthZone(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Peers["outsider"] = &nbpeer.Peer{
+		ID:        "outsider",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Key:       "outsider-key",
+		IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.20"),
+		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true},
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	validated := map[string]struct{}{
+		"user-peer":  {},
+		"proxy-peer": {},
+		"outsider":   {},
+	}
+
+	nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, "outsider", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+	_, ok := findCustomZone(nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones, "eu.proxy.netbird.io")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "peer outside the distribution_groups must not see the synth zone")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_CustomDomain_ZoneApexIsRegisteredDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	// A custom-domain service: Domain is the custom FQDN, ProxyCluster
+	// is the cluster serving it, and account.Domains holds the registered
+	// custom domain. The synth zone apex must be the registered domain,
+	// not the cluster, or the client's match-only zone never intercepts
+	// the query.
+	account.Services[0].Domain = "app.example.com"
+	account.Domains = []*proxydomain.Domain{
+		{Domain: "example.com", AccountID: "acct-1", TargetCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io", Validated: true},
+	}
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1, "custom-domain service must still produce one zone")
+	zone := zones[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "example.com.", zone.Domain, "zone apex must be the registered custom domain, not the cluster or the service FQDN")
+	assert.True(t, zone.NonAuthoritative, "synth zone must remain match-only")
+	require.Len(t, zone.Records, 1, "custom-domain service yields one A record")
+	rec := zone.Records[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "app.example.com.", rec.Name, "record name is the custom service FQDN")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", rec.RData, "record points at the embedded proxy peer's tunnel IP")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_CustomAndFreeDomain_SeparateZones(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Domains = []*proxydomain.Domain{
+		{Domain: "example.com", AccountID: "acct-1", TargetCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io", Validated: true},
+	}
+	account.Services = append(account.Services, &service.Service{
+		ID:           "svc-2",
+		AccountID:    "acct-1",
+		Name:         "custom",
+		Domain:       "app.example.com",
+		ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Private:      true,
+		Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+		AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+	})
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 2, "a free-domain and a custom-domain service must not collapse into one zone")
+
+	free, ok := findCustomZone(zones, "eu.proxy.netbird.io")
+	require.True(t, ok, "free-domain service keeps the shared cluster-apex zone")
+	require.Len(t, free.Records, 1, "cluster zone carries only the free-domain record")
+	assert.Equal(t, "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", free.Records[0].Name, "cluster zone record is the free-domain FQDN")
+
+	custom, ok := findCustomZone(zones, "example.com")
+	require.True(t, ok, "custom-domain service gets its own zone at the registered custom domain apex")
+	require.Len(t, custom.Records, 1, "custom zone carries only the custom-domain record")
+	assert.Equal(t, "app.example.com.", custom.Records[0].Name, "custom zone record is the custom-domain FQDN")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_TwoServicesSameCustomDomain_OneZone(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Domains = []*proxydomain.Domain{
+		{Domain: "example.com", AccountID: "acct-1", TargetCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io", Validated: true},
+	}
+	account.Services[0].Domain = "a.example.com"
+	account.Services = append(account.Services, &service.Service{
+		ID:           "svc-2",
+		AccountID:    "acct-1",
+		Name:         "bapp",
+		Domain:       "b.example.com",
+		ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Private:      true,
+		Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+		AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+	})
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1, "two services under the same registered custom domain must share one zone")
+	assert.Equal(t, "example.com.", zones[0].Domain, "shared zone apex is the registered custom domain")
+	require.Len(t, zones[0].Records, 2, "both services surface as records in the shared custom-domain zone")
+	names := []string{zones[0].Records[0].Name, zones[0].Records[1].Name}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"a.example.com.", "b.example.com."}, names, "both custom-domain service FQDNs must surface")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_CustomDomainNotRegistered_NoZone(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	// Service domain is outside the cluster and no account.Domains entry
+	// covers it: there is no apex that would intercept the query, so the
+	// service must be skipped rather than emit an unmatchable record.
+	account.Services[0].Domain = "app.example.com"
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "a custom-domain service with no registered domain apex must not produce a zone")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_CustomDomainClusterMismatch_NoZone(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	// The registered custom domain matches the service FQDN by suffix but
+	// targets a different cluster than the service's ProxyCluster. It must
+	// be ignored, leaving no apex to intercept the query — otherwise the
+	// zone would point at this cluster's proxy peers under a domain owned
+	// by a different cluster.
+	account.Services[0].Domain = "app.example.com"
+	account.Domains = []*proxydomain.Domain{
+		{Domain: "example.com", AccountID: "acct-1", TargetCluster: "us.proxy.netbird.io", Validated: true},
+	}
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	assert.Empty(t, zones, "a custom domain targeting a different cluster must not anchor the service zone")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_TwoServicesSameCluster_OneZone(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services = append(account.Services, &service.Service{
+		ID:           "svc-2",
+		AccountID:    "acct-1",
+		Name:         "anotherapp",
+		Domain:       "anotherapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Private:      true,
+		Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+		AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+	})
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 1, "two services on the same cluster must collapse into one zone")
+	require.Len(t, zones[0].Records, 2, "two services yield two A records")
+	names := []string{zones[0].Records[0].Name, zones[0].Records[1].Name}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", "anotherapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io."}, names, "both service domains must surface")
+}
+
+func TestSynthesizePrivateServiceZones_MixedClusterCustomAndPublic(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateZoneTestAccount(t)
+	account.Domains = []*proxydomain.Domain{
+		{Domain: "example.com", AccountID: "acct-1", TargetCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io", Validated: true},
+	}
+
+	privateService := func(id, domain string) *service.Service {
+		return &service.Service{
+			ID:           id,
+			AccountID:    "acct-1",
+			Name:         id,
+			Domain:       domain,
+			ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+			Enabled:      true,
+			Private:      true,
+			Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+			AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+		}
+	}
+	publicService := func(id, domain string) *service.Service {
+		s := privateService(id, domain)
+		s.Private = false
+		return s
+	}
+
+	account.Services = []*service.Service{
+		// 3 private services under the cluster suffix.
+		privateService("cluster-1", "cluster1.eu.proxy.netbird.io"),
+		privateService("cluster-2", "cluster2.eu.proxy.netbird.io"),
+		privateService("cluster-3", "cluster3.eu.proxy.netbird.io"),
+		// 4 private services under the custom domain suffix.
+		privateService("custom-1", "custom1.example.com"),
+		privateService("custom-2", "custom2.example.com"),
+		privateService("custom-3", "custom3.example.com"),
+		privateService("custom-4", "custom4.example.com"),
+		// 2 public services, one per suffix, must not surface.
+		publicService("public-cluster", "public.eu.proxy.netbird.io"),
+		publicService("public-custom", "public.example.com"),
+	}
+
+	zones := account.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones("user-peer")
+	require.Len(t, zones, 2, "one zone per apex: the cluster apex and the custom domain apex")
+
+	cluster, ok := findCustomZone(zones, "eu.proxy.netbird.io")
+	require.True(t, ok, "cluster-suffix services collapse into the cluster-apex zone")
+	clusterNames := recordNames(cluster)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t,
+		[]string{"cluster1.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", "cluster2.eu.proxy.netbird.io.", "cluster3.eu.proxy.netbird.io."},
+		clusterNames,
+		"only the 3 private cluster services surface in the cluster zone (public one excluded)")
+
+	custom, ok := findCustomZone(zones, "example.com")
+	require.True(t, ok, "custom-suffix services collapse into the custom-domain-apex zone")
+	customNames := recordNames(custom)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t,
+		[]string{"custom1.example.com.", "custom2.example.com.", "custom3.example.com.", "custom4.example.com."},
+		customNames,
+		"only the 4 private custom services surface in the custom zone (public one excluded)")
+}
+
+// recordNames returns the record names of a zone for order-independent assertions.
+func recordNames(zone nbdns.CustomZone) []string {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(zone.Records))
+	for _, r := range zone.Records {
+		names = append(names, r.Name)
+	}
+	return names
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/account_test.go b/management/server/types/account_test.go
index d652b2d56..063b2d7e7 100644
--- a/management/server/types/account_test.go
+++ b/management/server/types/account_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
-	"slices"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/miekg/dns"
@@ -13,14 +13,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
 	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
 	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
 	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 )
 
 func setupTestAccount() *Account {
@@ -451,402 +450,6 @@ func Test_AddNetworksRoutingPeersHandlesNoMissingPeers(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Len(t, result, 0)
 }
 
-const (
-	accID                                = "accountID"
-	network1ID                           = "network1ID"
-	group1ID                             = "group1"
-	accNetResourcePeer1ID                = "peer1"
-	accNetResourcePeer2ID                = "peer2"
-	accNetResourceRouter1ID              = "router1"
-	accNetResource1ID                    = "resource1ID"
-	accNetResourceRestrictPostureCheckID = "restrictPostureCheck"
-	accNetResourceRelaxedPostureCheckID  = "relaxedPostureCheck"
-	accNetResourceLockedPostureCheckID   = "lockedPostureCheck"
-	accNetResourceLinuxPostureCheckID    = "linuxPostureCheck"
-)
-
-var (
-	accNetResourcePeer1IP    = net.IP{192, 168, 1, 1}
-	accNetResourcePeer2IP    = net.IP{192, 168, 1, 2}
-	accNetResourceRouter1IP  = net.IP{192, 168, 1, 3}
-	accNetResourceValidPeers = map[string]struct{}{accNetResourcePeer1ID: {}, accNetResourcePeer2ID: {}}
-)
-
-func getBasicAccountsWithResource() *Account {
-	return &Account{
-		Id: accID,
-		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
-			accNetResourcePeer1ID: {
-				ID:        accNetResourcePeer1ID,
-				AccountID: accID,
-				Key:       "peer1Key",
-				IP:        accNetResourcePeer1IP,
-				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					GoOS:          "linux",
-					WtVersion:     "0.35.1",
-					KernelVersion: "4.4.0",
-				},
-			},
-			accNetResourcePeer2ID: {
-				ID:        accNetResourcePeer2ID,
-				AccountID: accID,
-				Key:       "peer2Key",
-				IP:        accNetResourcePeer2IP,
-				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					GoOS:          "windows",
-					WtVersion:     "0.34.1",
-					KernelVersion: "4.4.0",
-				},
-			},
-			accNetResourceRouter1ID: {
-				ID:        accNetResourceRouter1ID,
-				AccountID: accID,
-				Key:       "router1Key",
-				IP:        accNetResourceRouter1IP,
-				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					GoOS:          "linux",
-					WtVersion:     "0.35.1",
-					KernelVersion: "4.4.0",
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		Groups: map[string]*Group{
-			group1ID: {
-				ID:    group1ID,
-				Peers: []string{accNetResourcePeer1ID, accNetResourcePeer2ID},
-			},
-		},
-		Networks: []*networkTypes.Network{
-			{
-				ID:        network1ID,
-				AccountID: accID,
-				Name:      "network1",
-			},
-		},
-		NetworkRouters: []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
-			{
-				ID:         accNetResourceRouter1ID,
-				NetworkID:  network1ID,
-				AccountID:  accID,
-				Peer:       accNetResourceRouter1ID,
-				PeerGroups: []string{},
-				Masquerade: false,
-				Metric:     100,
-				Enabled:    true,
-			},
-		},
-		NetworkResources: []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
-			{
-				ID:        accNetResource1ID,
-				AccountID: accID,
-				NetworkID: network1ID,
-				Address:   "10.10.10.0/24",
-				Prefix:    netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.10.0/24"),
-				Type:      resourceTypes.NetworkResourceType("subnet"),
-				Enabled:   true,
-			},
-		},
-		Policies: []*Policy{
-			{
-				ID:        "policy1ID",
-				AccountID: accID,
-				Enabled:   true,
-				Rules: []*PolicyRule{
-					{
-						ID:      "rule1ID",
-						Enabled: true,
-						Sources: []string{group1ID},
-						DestinationResource: Resource{
-							ID:   accNetResource1ID,
-							Type: "Host",
-						},
-						Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
-						Ports:    []string{"80"},
-						Action:   PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-					},
-				},
-				SourcePostureChecks: nil,
-			},
-		},
-		PostureChecks: []*posture.Checks{
-			{
-				ID:   accNetResourceRestrictPostureCheckID,
-				Name: accNetResourceRestrictPostureCheckID,
-				Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
-					NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{
-						MinVersion: "0.35.0",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				ID:   accNetResourceRelaxedPostureCheckID,
-				Name: accNetResourceRelaxedPostureCheckID,
-				Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
-					NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{
-						MinVersion: "0.0.1",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				ID:   accNetResourceLockedPostureCheckID,
-				Name: accNetResourceLockedPostureCheckID,
-				Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
-					NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{
-						MinVersion: "7.7.7",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			{
-				ID:   accNetResourceLinuxPostureCheckID,
-				Name: accNetResourceLinuxPostureCheckID,
-				Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
-					OSVersionCheck: &posture.OSVersionCheck{
-						Linux: &posture.MinKernelVersionCheck{
-							MinKernelVersion: "0.0.0"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_NetworksNetMapGenWithNoPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
-	account := getBasicAccountsWithResource()
-
-	// all peers should match the policy
-
-	// validate for peer1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate for peer2
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer2ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate routes for router1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourceRouter1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.True(t, isRouter, "should be router")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 2, "expected source peers don't match")
-	assert.NotNil(t, sourcePeers[accNetResourcePeer1ID], "expected source peers don't match")
-	assert.NotNil(t, sourcePeers[accNetResourcePeer2ID], "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate rules for router1
-	rules := account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(context.Background(), account.Peers[accNetResourceRouter1ID], accNetResourceValidPeers, networkResourcesRoutes, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap())
-	assert.Len(t, rules, 1, "expected rules count don't match")
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(80), rules[0].Port, "should have port 80")
-	assert.Equal(t, "tcp", rules[0].Protocol, "should have protocol tcp")
-	if !slices.Contains(rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should have source range of peer1 %s", rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String())
-	}
-	if !slices.Contains(rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should have source range of peer2 %s", rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String())
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_NetworksNetMapGenWithPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
-	account := getBasicAccountsWithResource()
-
-	// should allow peer1 to match the policy
-	policy := account.Policies[0]
-	policy.SourcePostureChecks = []string{accNetResourceRestrictPostureCheckID}
-
-	// validate for peer1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate for peer2
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer2ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 0, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate routes for router1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourceRouter1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.True(t, isRouter, "should be router")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 1, "expected source peers don't match")
-	assert.NotNil(t, sourcePeers[accNetResourcePeer1ID], "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate rules for router1
-	rules := account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(context.Background(), account.Peers[accNetResourceRouter1ID], accNetResourceValidPeers, networkResourcesRoutes, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap())
-	assert.Len(t, rules, 1, "expected rules count don't match")
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(80), rules[0].Port, "should have port 80")
-	assert.Equal(t, "tcp", rules[0].Protocol, "should have protocol tcp")
-	if !slices.Contains(rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should have source range of peer1 %s", rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String())
-	}
-	if slices.Contains(rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should not have source range of peer2 %s", rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String())
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_NetworksNetMapGenWithNoMatchedPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
-	account := getBasicAccountsWithResource()
-
-	// should not match any peer
-	policy := account.Policies[0]
-	policy.SourcePostureChecks = []string{accNetResourceLockedPostureCheckID}
-
-	// validate for peer1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 0, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate for peer2
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer2ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 0, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate routes for router1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourceRouter1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.True(t, isRouter, "should be router")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate rules for router1
-	rules := account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(context.Background(), account.Peers[accNetResourceRouter1ID], accNetResourceValidPeers, networkResourcesRoutes, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap())
-	assert.Len(t, rules, 0, "expected rules count don't match")
-}
-
-func Test_NetworksNetMapGenWithTwoPoliciesAndPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
-	account := getBasicAccountsWithResource()
-
-	// should allow peer1 to match the policy
-	policy := account.Policies[0]
-	policy.SourcePostureChecks = []string{accNetResourceRestrictPostureCheckID}
-
-	// should allow peer1 and peer2 to match the policy
-	newPolicy := &Policy{
-		ID:        "policy2ID",
-		AccountID: accID,
-		Enabled:   true,
-		Rules: []*PolicyRule{
-			{
-				ID:      "policy2ID",
-				Enabled: true,
-				Sources: []string{group1ID},
-				DestinationResource: Resource{
-					ID:   accNetResource1ID,
-					Type: "Host",
-				},
-				Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
-				Ports:    []string{"22"},
-				Action:   PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-			},
-		},
-		SourcePostureChecks: []string{accNetResourceRelaxedPostureCheckID},
-	}
-
-	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, newPolicy)
-
-	// validate for peer1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate for peer2
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer2ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate routes for router1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourceRouter1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.True(t, isRouter, "should be router")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 2, "expected source peers don't match")
-	assert.NotNil(t, sourcePeers[accNetResourcePeer1ID], "expected source peers don't match")
-	assert.NotNil(t, sourcePeers[accNetResourcePeer2ID], "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate rules for router1
-	rules := account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(context.Background(), account.Peers[accNetResourceRouter1ID], accNetResourceValidPeers, networkResourcesRoutes, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap())
-	assert.Len(t, rules, 2, "expected rules count don't match")
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(80), rules[0].Port, "should have port 80")
-	assert.Equal(t, "tcp", rules[0].Protocol, "should have protocol tcp")
-	if !slices.Contains(rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should have source range of peer1 %s", rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String())
-	}
-	if slices.Contains(rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should not have source range of peer2 %s", rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String())
-	}
-
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(22), rules[1].Port, "should have port 22")
-	assert.Equal(t, "tcp", rules[1].Protocol, "should have protocol tcp")
-	if !slices.Contains(rules[1].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should have source range of peer1 %s", rules[1].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String())
-	}
-	if !slices.Contains(rules[1].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should have source range of peer2 %s", rules[1].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String())
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_NetworksNetMapGenWithTwoPostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
-	account := getBasicAccountsWithResource()
-
-	// two posture checks should match only the peers that match both checks
-	policy := account.Policies[0]
-	policy.SourcePostureChecks = []string{accNetResourceRelaxedPostureCheckID, accNetResourceLinuxPostureCheckID}
-
-	// validate for peer1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate for peer2
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourcePeer2ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.False(t, isRouter, "expected router status")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 0, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 0, "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate routes for router1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers = account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourceRouter1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.True(t, isRouter, "should be router")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 1, "expected source peers don't match")
-	assert.NotNil(t, sourcePeers[accNetResourcePeer1ID], "expected source peers don't match")
-
-	// validate rules for router1
-	rules := account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(context.Background(), account.Peers[accNetResourceRouter1ID], accNetResourceValidPeers, networkResourcesRoutes, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap())
-	assert.Len(t, rules, 1, "expected rules count don't match")
-	assert.Equal(t, uint16(80), rules[0].Port, "should have port 80")
-	assert.Equal(t, "tcp", rules[0].Protocol, "should have protocol tcp")
-	if !slices.Contains(rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should have source range of peer1 %s", rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer1IP.String())
-	}
-	if slices.Contains(rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String()+"/32") {
-		t.Errorf("%s should not have source range of peer2 %s", rules[0].SourceRanges, accNetResourcePeer2IP.String())
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_NetworksNetMapGenShouldExcludeOtherRouters(t *testing.T) {
-	account := getBasicAccountsWithResource()
-
-	account.Peers["router2Id"] = &nbpeer.Peer{Key: "router2Key", ID: "router2Id", AccountID: accID, IP: net.IP{192, 168, 1, 4}}
-	account.NetworkRouters = append(account.NetworkRouters, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
-		ID:        "router2Id",
-		NetworkID: network1ID,
-		AccountID: accID,
-		Peer:      "router2Id",
-	})
-
-	// validate routes for router1
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := account.GetNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(context.Background(), accNetResourceRouter1ID, account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(), account.GetResourceRoutersMap())
-	assert.True(t, isRouter, "should be router")
-	assert.Len(t, networkResourcesRoutes, 1, "expected network resource route don't match")
-	assert.Len(t, sourcePeers, 2, "expected source peers don't match")
-}
-
 func Test_ExpandPortsAndRanges_SSHRuleExpansion(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name          string
@@ -1043,41 +646,7 @@ func Test_ExpandPortsAndRanges_SSHRuleExpansion(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedPorts: []string{"20-25", "10-100", "22022"},
 		},
 		{
-			name: "dev suffix version supports all features",
-			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
-				ID:         "peer1",
-				SSHEnabled: true,
-				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					WtVersion: "0.50.0-dev",
-					Flags:     nbpeer.Flags{ServerSSHAllowed: true},
-				},
-			},
-			rule: &PolicyRule{
-				Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
-				Ports:    []string{"22"},
-			},
-			base:          FirewallRule{PeerIP: "10.0.0.1", Direction: 0, Action: "accept", Protocol: "tcp"},
-			expectedPorts: []string{"22", "22022"},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "dev suffix version supports all features",
-			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
-				ID:         "peer1",
-				SSHEnabled: true,
-				Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{
-					WtVersion: "dev",
-					Flags:     nbpeer.Flags{ServerSSHAllowed: true},
-				},
-			},
-			rule: &PolicyRule{
-				Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
-				Ports:    []string{"22"},
-			},
-			base:          FirewallRule{PeerIP: "10.0.0.1", Direction: 0, Action: "accept", Protocol: "tcp"},
-			expectedPorts: []string{"22", "22022"},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "development suffix version supports all features",
+			name: "development version supports all features",
 			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
 				ID:         "peer1",
 				SSHEnabled: true,
@@ -1097,7 +666,7 @@ func Test_ExpandPortsAndRanges_SSHRuleExpansion(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := expandPortsAndRanges(tt.base, tt.rule, tt.peer)
+			result := ExpandPortsAndRanges(tt.base, tt.rule, tt.peer)
 
 			var ports []string
 			for _, fr := range result {
@@ -1320,7 +889,11 @@ func Test_FilterZoneRecordsForPeers(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			peersToConnect: []*nbpeer.Peer{},
 			expiredPeers:   []*nbpeer.Peer{},
-			peer:           &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "router", IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.100")},
+			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
+				ID:   "router",
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.100"),
+				IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:64"),
+			},
 			expectedRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
 				{Name: "router.netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.100"},
 			},
@@ -1347,14 +920,19 @@ func Test_FilterZoneRecordsForPeers(t *testing.T) {
 				var peers []*nbpeer.Peer
 				for _, i := range []int{1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100} {
 					peers = append(peers, &nbpeer.Peer{
-						ID: fmt.Sprintf("peer%d", i),
-						IP: net.ParseIP(fmt.Sprintf("10.0.%d.%d", i/256, i%256)),
+						ID:   fmt.Sprintf("peer%d", i),
+						IP:   netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("10.0.%d.%d", i/256, i%256)),
+						IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr(fmt.Sprintf("fd00::%d", i)),
 					})
 				}
 				return peers
 			}(),
 			expiredPeers: []*nbpeer.Peer{},
-			peer:         &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "router", IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.100")},
+			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
+				ID:   "router",
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.100"),
+				IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:64"),
+			},
 			expectedRecords: func() []nbdns.SimpleRecord {
 				var records []nbdns.SimpleRecord
 				for _, i := range []int{1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100} {
@@ -1385,11 +963,27 @@ func Test_FilterZoneRecordsForPeers(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			peersToConnect: []*nbpeer.Peer{
-				{ID: "peer1", IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.1"), DNSLabel: "peer1", ExtraDNSLabels: []string{"peer1-alt", "peer1-backup"}},
-				{ID: "peer2", IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.2"), DNSLabel: "peer2", ExtraDNSLabels: []string{"peer2-service"}},
+				{
+					ID:             "peer1",
+					IP:             netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+					IPv6:           netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:1"),
+					DNSLabel:       "peer1",
+					ExtraDNSLabels: []string{"peer1-alt", "peer1-backup"},
+				},
+				{
+					ID:             "peer2",
+					IP:             netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"),
+					IPv6:           netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:2"),
+					DNSLabel:       "peer2",
+					ExtraDNSLabels: []string{"peer2-service"},
+				},
 			},
 			expiredPeers: []*nbpeer.Peer{},
-			peer:         &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "router", IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.100")},
+			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
+				ID:   "router",
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.100"),
+				IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:64"),
+			},
 			expectedRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
 				{Name: "peer1.netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"},
 				{Name: "peer1-alt.netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"},
@@ -1411,12 +1005,24 @@ func Test_FilterZoneRecordsForPeers(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			peersToConnect: []*nbpeer.Peer{
-				{ID: "peer1", IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.1")},
+				{
+					ID:   "peer1",
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+					IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:1"),
+				},
 			},
 			expiredPeers: []*nbpeer.Peer{
-				{ID: "expired-peer", IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.99")},
+				{
+					ID:   "expired-peer",
+					IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.99"),
+					IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:63"),
+				},
+			},
+			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{
+				ID:   "router",
+				IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.100"),
+				IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::a00:64"),
 			},
-			peer: &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "router", IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.100")},
 			expectedRecords: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
 				{Name: "peer1.netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.1"},
 				{Name: "expired-peer.netbird.cloud", Type: int(dns.TypeA), Class: nbdns.DefaultClass, TTL: 300, RData: "10.0.0.99"},
@@ -1434,514 +1040,270 @@ func Test_FilterZoneRecordsForPeers(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func Test_filterPeerAppliedZones(t *testing.T) {
+func TestInjectPrivateServicePolicies_ProxyPeerGetsInboundRule(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
-	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		accountZones []*zones.Zone
-		peerGroups   LookupMap
-		expected     []nbdns.CustomZone
-	}{
-		{
-			name:         "empty peer groups returns empty custom zones",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{},
-			peerGroups:   LookupMap{},
-			expected:     []nbdns.CustomZone{},
+	userPeerIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10")
+	proxyPeerIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.99")
+
+	account := &Account{
+		Id: "acct-1",
+		Network: &Network{
+			Identifier: "net-1",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
 		},
-		{
-			name: "peer has access to zone with A record",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "example.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "www.example.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.1",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-					},
-				},
+		Settings: &Settings{},
+		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+			"user-peer": {
+				ID:        "user-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "user-peer-key",
+				IP:        userPeerIP,
 			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}},
-			expected: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-				{
-					Domain: "example.com.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "www.example.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   300,
-							RData: "192.168.1.1",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: true,
+			"proxy-peer": {
+				ID:        "proxy-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "proxy-peer-key",
+				IP:        proxyPeerIP,
+				ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{
+					Embedded: true,
+					Cluster:  "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
 				},
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			name: "peer has access to zone with search domain enabled",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "internal.local",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: true,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "api.internal.local",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "10.0.0.1",
-							TTL:     600,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}},
-			expected: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-				{
-					Domain: "internal.local.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "api.internal.local.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   600,
-							RData: "10.0.0.1",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: false,
-				},
+		Groups: map[string]*Group{
+			"grp-admins": {
+				ID:    "grp-admins",
+				Name:  "admins",
+				Peers: []string{"user-peer"},
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			name: "peer has no access to zone",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "private.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group2"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "secret.private.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.1",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
+		Services: []*service.Service{
+			{
+				ID:           "svc-1",
+				AccountID:    "acct-1",
+				Name:         "myapp",
+				Domain:       "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Private:      true,
+				Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+				AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+				Targets: []*service.Target{
+					{
+						TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+						TargetType: service.TargetTypeCluster,
+						Protocol:   "http",
+						Host:       "127.0.0.1",
+						Port:       8080,
+						Enabled:    true,
 					},
 				},
 			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}},
-			expected:   []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "disabled zone is filtered out",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "disabled.com",
-					Enabled:            false,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "www.disabled.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.1",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}},
-			expected:   []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "zone with no records is filtered out",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "empty.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records:            []*records.Record{},
-				},
-			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}},
-			expected:   []nbdns.CustomZone{},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "peer has access via multiple groups",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "multi.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1", "group2", "group3"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "www.multi.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.1",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group2": struct{}{}},
-			expected: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-				{
-					Domain: "multi.com.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "www.multi.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   300,
-							RData: "192.168.1.1",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: true,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "multiple zones with mixed access",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "allowed.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "www.allowed.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.1",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone2",
-					Domain:             "denied.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group2"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record2",
-							Name:    "www.denied.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.2",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}},
-			expected: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-				{
-					Domain: "allowed.com.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "www.allowed.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   300,
-							RData: "192.168.1.1",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: true,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "zone with multiple record types",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "mixed.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "www.mixed.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.1",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-						{
-							ID:      "record2",
-							Name:    "ipv6.mixed.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeAAAA,
-							Content: "2001:db8::1",
-							TTL:     600,
-						},
-						{
-							ID:      "record3",
-							Name:    "alias.mixed.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeCNAME,
-							Content: "www.mixed.com",
-							TTL:     900,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}},
-			expected: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-				{
-					Domain: "mixed.com.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "www.mixed.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   300,
-							RData: "192.168.1.1",
-						},
-						{
-							Name:  "ipv6.mixed.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeAAAA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   600,
-							RData: "2001:db8::1",
-						},
-						{
-							Name:  "alias.mixed.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeCNAME),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   900,
-							RData: "www.mixed.com.",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: true,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "multiple zones both accessible",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "first.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: true,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "www.first.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.1",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone2",
-					Domain:             "second.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record2",
-							Name:    "www.second.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.2",
-							TTL:     600,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}},
-			expected: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-				{
-					Domain: "first.com.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "www.first.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   300,
-							RData: "192.168.1.1",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: false,
-				},
-				{
-					Domain: "second.com.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "www.second.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   600,
-							RData: "192.168.1.2",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: true,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "zone with multiple records of same type",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "multi-a.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "www.multi-a.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.1",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-						{
-							ID:      "record2",
-							Name:    "www.multi-a.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.2",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}},
-			expected: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-				{
-					Domain: "multi-a.com.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "www.multi-a.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   300,
-							RData: "192.168.1.1",
-						},
-						{
-							Name:  "www.multi-a.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   300,
-							RData: "192.168.1.2",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: true,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "peer in multiple groups accessing different zones",
-			accountZones: []*zones.Zone{
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone1",
-					Domain:             "zone1.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group1"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record1",
-							Name:    "www.zone1.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.1",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-				{
-					ID:                 "zone2",
-					Domain:             "zone2.com",
-					Enabled:            true,
-					EnableSearchDomain: false,
-					DistributionGroups: []string{"group2"},
-					Records: []*records.Record{
-						{
-							ID:      "record2",
-							Name:    "www.zone2.com",
-							Type:    records.RecordTypeA,
-							Content: "192.168.1.2",
-							TTL:     300,
-						},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			peerGroups: LookupMap{"group1": struct{}{}, "group2": struct{}{}},
-			expected: []nbdns.CustomZone{
-				{
-					Domain: "zone1.com.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "www.zone1.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   300,
-							RData: "192.168.1.1",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: true,
-				},
-				{
-					Domain: "zone2.com.",
-					Records: []nbdns.SimpleRecord{
-						{
-							Name:  "www.zone2.com.",
-							Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
-							Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
-							TTL:   300,
-							RData: "192.168.1.2",
-						},
-					},
-					SearchDomainDisabled: true,
-				},
-			},
 		},
 	}
 
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			result := filterPeerAppliedZones(ctx, tt.accountZones, tt.peerGroups)
-			require.Equal(t, len(tt.expected), len(result), "number of custom zones should match")
+	found := findPolicy(injectedPolicies(account), "private-access-svc-1-proxy-peer")
+	require.NotNil(t, found, "expected synthesised private-access policy in the twin store")
+	require.Len(t, found.Rules, 1, "policy should have exactly one rule")
+	rule := found.Rules[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins"}, rule.Sources, "sources should be group IDs verbatim")
+	assert.Equal(t, "proxy-peer", rule.DestinationResource.ID, "destination resource should be the proxy peer ID")
+	assert.Equal(t, string(ResourceTypePeer), rule.DestinationResource.Type, "destination resource type should be peer")
 
-			for i, expectedZone := range tt.expected {
-				assert.Equal(t, expectedZone.Domain, result[i].Domain, "domain should match")
-				assert.Equal(t, expectedZone.SearchDomainDisabled, result[i].SearchDomainDisabled, "search domain disabled flag should match")
-				assert.Equal(t, len(expectedZone.Records), len(result[i].Records), "number of records should match")
+	validatedPeersMap := map[string]struct{}{
+		"user-peer":  {},
+		"proxy-peer": {},
+	}
 
-				for j, expectedRecord := range expectedZone.Records {
-					assert.Equal(t, expectedRecord.Name, result[i].Records[j].Name, "record name should match")
-					assert.Equal(t, expectedRecord.Type, result[i].Records[j].Type, "record type should match")
-					assert.Equal(t, expectedRecord.Class, result[i].Records[j].Class, "record class should match")
-					assert.Equal(t, expectedRecord.TTL, result[i].Records[j].TTL, "record TTL should match")
-					assert.Equal(t, expectedRecord.RData, result[i].Records[j].RData, "record RData should match")
-				}
-			}
-		})
+	nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, "proxy-peer", nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, netmapPeerIDs(nm.Peers), "user-peer", "proxy peer should see the user peer as an ACL peer")
+
+	var inboundRules []*FirewallRule
+	for _, r := range nm.FirewallRules {
+		if r.Direction == FirewallRuleDirectionIN && r.PeerIP == userPeerIP.String() {
+			inboundRules = append(inboundRules, r)
+		}
+	}
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, inboundRules, "proxy peer should have inbound firewall rules from the user peer")
+}
+
+func TestInjectPrivateServicePolicies_NotPrivate_NoPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateServiceTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].Private = false
+
+	assert.False(t, hasPrivateAccessPolicy(account, "svc-1"), "non-private service must not synthesise an access policy")
+}
+
+func TestInjectPrivateServicePolicies_EmptyAccessGroups_NoPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateServiceTestAccount(t)
+	account.Services[0].AccessGroups = nil
+
+	assert.False(t, hasPrivateAccessPolicy(account, "svc-1"), "private service with no access groups must not synthesise a policy")
+}
+
+func TestInjectPrivateServicePolicies_NoProxyPeers_NoPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	account := privateServiceTestAccount(t)
+	delete(account.Peers, "proxy-peer")
+
+	assert.False(t, hasPrivateAccessPolicy(account, "svc-1"), "policy must not synthesise when the cluster has no proxy peers")
+}
+
+func privateServiceTestAccount(t *testing.T) *Account {
+	t.Helper()
+	return &Account{
+		Id: "acct-1",
+		Network: &Network{
+			Identifier: "net-1",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+		},
+		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+			"user-peer": {
+				ID:        "user-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "user-peer-key",
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"),
+			},
+			"proxy-peer": {
+				ID:        "proxy-peer",
+				AccountID: "acct-1",
+				Key:       "proxy-peer-key",
+				IP:        netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.99"),
+				ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{
+					Embedded: true,
+					Cluster:  "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Groups: map[string]*Group{
+			"grp-admins": {
+				ID:    "grp-admins",
+				Name:  "admins",
+				Peers: []string{"user-peer"},
+			},
+		},
+		Services: []*service.Service{
+			{
+				ID:           "svc-1",
+				AccountID:    "acct-1",
+				Name:         "myapp",
+				Domain:       "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				ProxyCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Private:      true,
+				Mode:         service.ModeHTTP,
+				AccessGroups: []string{"grp-admins"},
+				Targets: []*service.Target{
+					{
+						TargetId:   "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+						TargetType: service.TargetTypeCluster,
+						Protocol:   "http",
+						Host:       "127.0.0.1",
+						Port:       8080,
+						Enabled:    true,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 }
+
+// injectedPolicies returns the twin's policies with the synthesised proxy ACLs
+// already in place, the way the per-peer computation sees them.
+func injectedPolicies(account *Account) []*nmdata.Policy {
+	nmd := account.toNetworkMapData(nil, nil, nil, nil, nil)
+	nmd.InjectProxyPolicies()
+	return nmd.Policies
+}
+
+func findPolicy(policies []*nmdata.Policy, id string) *nmdata.Policy {
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		if p != nil && p.ID == id {
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func hasPrivateAccessPolicy(account *Account, serviceID string) bool {
+	prefix := "private-access-" + serviceID + "-"
+	for _, p := range injectedPolicies(account) {
+		if p != nil && strings.HasPrefix(p.ID, prefix) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func TestForcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution(t *testing.T) {
+	buildAccountRes := func(serviceEnabled, targetEnabled, resourceEnabled bool, targetType service.TargetType, resType resourceTypes.NetworkResourceType) *Account {
+		return &Account{
+			Id: "accountID",
+			Groups: map[string]*Group{
+				"router-group": {ID: "router-group", Peers: []string{"router-peer-grp"}},
+			},
+			NetworkRouters: []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+				{ID: "r1", NetworkID: "net-1", AccountID: "accountID", Peer: "router-peer", Enabled: true},
+				{ID: "r2", NetworkID: "net-1", AccountID: "accountID", PeerGroups: []string{"router-group"}, Enabled: true},
+			},
+			NetworkResources: []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+				{ID: "res-domain", AccountID: "accountID", NetworkID: "net-1", Type: resType, Domain: "example.org", Enabled: resourceEnabled},
+			},
+			Services: []*service.Service{
+				{
+					ID: "svc-1", AccountID: "accountID", Enabled: serviceEnabled,
+					Targets: []*service.Target{
+						{TargetId: "res-domain", TargetType: targetType, Enabled: targetEnabled},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	buildAccount := func(serviceEnabled, targetEnabled, resourceEnabled bool, targetType service.TargetType) *Account {
+		return buildAccountRes(serviceEnabled, targetEnabled, resourceEnabled, targetType, resourceTypes.Domain)
+	}
+
+	forced := func(account *Account, peerID string) bool {
+		nmd := account.toNetworkMapData(nil, nil, nil, account.GetResourceRoutersMap(), nil)
+		return nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(peerID, nmdata.CustomZone{}).ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution
+	}
+
+	t.Run("router peer for RP-targeted domain resource is forced", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, true, true, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		assert.True(t, forced(account, "router-peer"), "direct router peer should be forced")
+		assert.True(t, forced(account, "router-peer-grp"), "group-member router peer should be forced")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-router peer is not forced", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, true, true, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		assert.False(t, forced(account, "other-peer"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced when service disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(false, true, true, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		assert.False(t, forced(account, "router-peer"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced when target disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, false, true, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		assert.False(t, forced(account, "router-peer"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced when resource disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, true, false, service.TargetTypeDomain)
+		assert.False(t, forced(account, "router-peer"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced for non-domain target type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccount(true, true, true, service.TargetTypePeer)
+		assert.False(t, forced(account, "router-peer"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("not forced when targeted resource is not a domain", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := buildAccountRes(true, true, true, service.TargetTypeDomain, resourceTypes.Host)
+		assert.False(t, forced(account, "router-peer"),
+			"a domain target pointing at a non-domain resource must not force resolution")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/aliases.go b/management/server/types/aliases.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..452a2746d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/aliases.go
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	nbroute "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	sharedtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+// Type aliases for types relocated to shared/management/types so that the
+// client-side compute path can depend on them
+
+type FirewallRule = sharedtypes.FirewallRule
+
+type NetworkMap = sharedtypes.NetworkMap
+type ForwardingRule = sharedtypes.ForwardingRule
+
+type PolicyTrafficActionType = sharedtypes.PolicyTrafficActionType
+type PolicyRuleProtocolType = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolType
+type RulePortRange = sharedtypes.RulePortRange
+
+type ResourceType = sharedtypes.ResourceType
+
+type RouteFirewallRule = sharedtypes.RouteFirewallRule
+
+type NetworkMapComponents = sharedtypes.NetworkMapComponents
+
+var EmptyNetworkMapComponents = sharedtypes.EmptyNetworkMapComponents
+
+type AccountSettingsInfo = sharedtypes.AccountSettingsInfo
+
+type GroupCompact = sharedtypes.GroupCompact
+type NetworkMapComponentsCompact = sharedtypes.NetworkMapComponentsCompact
+
+type LookupMap = sharedtypes.LookupMap
+type FirewallRuleContext = sharedtypes.FirewallRuleContext
+
+// Function forwarders preserve types.X(...) call sites that previously
+// resolved to package-local funcs. Plain forwarders (not var aliases) keep
+// the symbol immutable and allow the inliner to flatten the call.
+
+func ParseRuleString(rule string) (PolicyRuleProtocolType, RulePortRange, error) {
+	return sharedtypes.ParseRuleString(rule)
+}
+
+func PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule *PolicyRule) bool {
+	return nmdata.PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(twinRule(rule))
+}
+
+// ExpandPortsAndRanges / AppendIPv6FirewallRule / GenerateRouteFirewallRules
+// forward to the shared twin-typed helpers, converting the real types the
+// legacy Account calc still uses to nmdata twins at this boundary.
+
+func ExpandPortsAndRanges(base FirewallRule, rule *PolicyRule, peer *nbpeer.Peer) []*FirewallRule {
+	return sharedtypes.ExpandPortsAndRanges(base, twinRule(rule), twinPeer(peer))
+}
+
+func AppendIPv6FirewallRule(rules []*FirewallRule, rulesExists map[string]struct{}, peer, targetPeer *nbpeer.Peer, rule *PolicyRule, rc FirewallRuleContext) []*FirewallRule {
+	return sharedtypes.AppendIPv6FirewallRule(rules, rulesExists, twinPeer(peer), twinPeer(targetPeer), twinRule(rule), rc)
+}
+
+func CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx context.Context, components *NetworkMapComponents) *NetworkMap {
+	return sharedtypes.CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
+}
+
+func GenerateRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, route *nbroute.Route, rule *PolicyRule, groupPeers []*nbpeer.Peer, direction int, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	return sharedtypes.GenerateRouteFirewallRules(ctx, twinRoute(route), twinRule(rule), TwinPeers(groupPeers), direction, includeIPv6)
+}
+
+const (
+	FirewallRuleDirectionIN  = sharedtypes.FirewallRuleDirectionIN
+	FirewallRuleDirectionOUT = sharedtypes.FirewallRuleDirectionOUT
+)
+
+const (
+	AllowedIPsFormat   = sharedtypes.AllowedIPsFormat
+	AllowedIPsV6Format = sharedtypes.AllowedIPsV6Format
+)
+
+const (
+	ResourceTypePeer   = sharedtypes.ResourceTypePeer
+	ResourceTypeDomain = sharedtypes.ResourceTypeDomain
+	ResourceTypeHost   = sharedtypes.ResourceTypeHost
+	ResourceTypeSubnet = sharedtypes.ResourceTypeSubnet
+)
+
+const (
+	PolicyTrafficActionAccept = sharedtypes.PolicyTrafficActionAccept
+	PolicyTrafficActionDrop   = sharedtypes.PolicyTrafficActionDrop
+)
+
+const (
+	PolicyRuleProtocolALL        = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolALL
+	PolicyRuleProtocolTCP        = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
+	PolicyRuleProtocolUDP        = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolUDP
+	PolicyRuleProtocolICMP       = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolICMP
+	PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH
+)
diff --git a/management/server/types/group.go b/management/server/types/group.go
index 00fdf7a69..ac0a2a7f2 100644
--- a/management/server/types/group.go
+++ b/management/server/types/group.go
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package types
 
 import (
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integration_reference"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/integration_reference"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ type Group struct {
 	// AccountID is a reference to Account that this object belongs
 	AccountID string `json:"-" gorm:"index"`
 
+	PublicID string `json:"-"`
+
 	// Name visible in the UI
 	Name string
 
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ func (g *Group) EventMeta() map[string]any {
 	return map[string]any{"name": g.Name}
 }
 
-func (g *Group) EventMetaResource(resource *types.NetworkResource) map[string]any {
+func (g *Group) EventMetaResource(resource *nmdata.NetworkResource) map[string]any {
 	return map[string]any{"name": g.Name, "id": g.ID, "resource_name": resource.Name, "resource_id": resource.ID, "resource_type": resource.Type}
 }
 
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ func (g *Group) Copy() *Group {
 	group := &Group{
 		ID:                   g.ID,
 		AccountID:            g.AccountID,
+		PublicID:             g.PublicID,
 		Name:                 g.Name,
 		Issued:               g.Issued,
 		Peers:                make([]string, len(g.Peers)),
@@ -92,9 +95,12 @@ func (g *Group) HasPeers() bool {
 	return len(g.Peers) > 0
 }
 
+// GroupAllName is the reserved name of the default group that contains every peer in an account.
+const GroupAllName = "All"
+
 // IsGroupAll checks if the group is a default "All" group.
 func (g *Group) IsGroupAll() bool {
-	return g.Name == "All"
+	return g.Name == GroupAllName
 }
 
 // AddPeer adds peerID to Peers if not present, returning true if added.
diff --git a/management/server/types/holder.go b/management/server/types/holder.go
deleted file mode 100644
index de8ac8110..000000000
--- a/management/server/types/holder.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package types
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sync"
-)
-
-type Holder struct {
-	mu       sync.RWMutex
-	accounts map[string]*Account
-}
-
-func NewHolder() *Holder {
-	return &Holder{
-		accounts: make(map[string]*Account),
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *Holder) GetAccount(id string) *Account {
-	h.mu.RLock()
-	defer h.mu.RUnlock()
-	return h.accounts[id]
-}
-
-func (h *Holder) AddAccount(account *Account) {
-	h.mu.Lock()
-	defer h.mu.Unlock()
-	a := h.accounts[account.Id]
-	if a != nil && a.Network.CurrentSerial() >= account.Network.CurrentSerial() {
-		return
-	}
-	h.accounts[account.Id] = account
-}
-
-func (h *Holder) LoadOrStoreFunc(ctx context.Context, id string, accGetter func(context.Context, string) (*Account, error)) (*Account, error) {
-	h.mu.Lock()
-	defer h.mu.Unlock()
-	if acc, ok := h.accounts[id]; ok {
-		return acc, nil
-	}
-	account, err := accGetter(ctx, id)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	h.accounts[id] = account
-	return account, nil
-}
diff --git a/management/server/types/identity_provider.go b/management/server/types/identity_provider.go
index c4498e4d4..0c1f9509c 100644
--- a/management/server/types/identity_provider.go
+++ b/management/server/types/identity_provider.go
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ const (
 	IdentityProviderTypeAuthentik IdentityProviderType = "authentik"
 	// IdentityProviderTypeKeycloak is the Keycloak identity provider
 	IdentityProviderTypeKeycloak IdentityProviderType = "keycloak"
+	// IdentityProviderTypeADFS is the Microsoft AD FS identity provider
+	IdentityProviderTypeADFS IdentityProviderType = "adfs"
 )
 
 // IdentityProvider represents an identity provider configuration
@@ -112,7 +114,8 @@ func (t IdentityProviderType) IsValid() bool {
 	switch t {
 	case IdentityProviderTypeOIDC, IdentityProviderTypeZitadel, IdentityProviderTypeEntra,
 		IdentityProviderTypeGoogle, IdentityProviderTypeOkta, IdentityProviderTypePocketID,
-		IdentityProviderTypeMicrosoft, IdentityProviderTypeAuthentik, IdentityProviderTypeKeycloak:
+		IdentityProviderTypeMicrosoft, IdentityProviderTypeAuthentik, IdentityProviderTypeKeycloak,
+		IdentityProviderTypeADFS:
 		return true
 	}
 	return false
diff --git a/management/server/types/ipv6_endtoend_test.go b/management/server/types/ipv6_endtoend_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..76c61369e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/ipv6_endtoend_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package types_test
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_IPv6EndToEnd(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+
+	// Make all peers IPv6-capable and assign IPv6 addrs.
+	v6Caps := []int32{nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay, nbpeer.PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes}
+	account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.Capabilities = v6Caps
+	account.Peers["peer-src-1"].IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	account.Peers["peer-src-2"].Meta.Capabilities = v6Caps
+	account.Peers["peer-src-2"].IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	account.Peers["peer-dst-1"].Meta.Capabilities = v6Caps
+	account.Peers["peer-dst-1"].IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3")
+
+	// Mark group-src and group-dst as IPv6-enabled.
+	account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{"group-src", "group-dst"}
+
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+	t.Run("v6 AAAA records emitted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NotEmpty(t, nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones, "expected at least one custom zone")
+		var hasAAAA bool
+		var hasA bool
+		for _, z := range nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones {
+			for _, r := range z.Records {
+				if r.Type == int(dns.TypeAAAA) {
+					hasAAAA = true
+				}
+				if r.Type == int(dns.TypeA) {
+					hasA = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		assert.True(t, hasA, "expected A records")
+		assert.True(t, hasAAAA, "expected AAAA records for IPv6-enabled peers")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("v6 AllowedIPs would be advertised", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// nm.Peers contains *nbpeer.Peer; IPv6 should be set on those peers
+		var foundV6 bool
+		for _, p := range nm.Peers {
+			if p.IPv6.IsValid() {
+				foundV6 = true
+			}
+		}
+		assert.True(t, foundV6, "remote peers should have IPv6 set so AllowedIPs gets v6")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("v6 firewall rules emitted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		require.NotEmpty(t, nm.FirewallRules, "expected firewall rules")
+		var hasV4 bool
+		var hasV6 bool
+		for _, r := range nm.FirewallRules {
+			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(r.PeerIP)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if addr.Is4() {
+				hasV4 = true
+			}
+			if addr.Is6() {
+				hasV6 = true
+			}
+		}
+		assert.True(t, hasV4, "expected at least one v4 firewall rule (peer IP)")
+		assert.True(t, hasV6, "expected at least one v6 firewall rule (peer IPv6)")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestNetworkMapComponents_RemotePeerWithoutCapability checks the asymmetric
+// case where the target peer is IPv6-capable but a remote peer has an IPv6
+// address assigned in the DB without yet reporting the capability flag.
+// In that case the remote peer's v6 still appears in AllowedIPs (gated on
+// the target peer's capability) but its AAAA record does not (gated on the
+// remote peer's own capability).
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_RemotePeerWithoutCapability(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+
+	v6Caps := []int32{nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay, nbpeer.PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes}
+	// Target is fully capable.
+	account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.Capabilities = v6Caps
+	account.Peers["peer-src-1"].IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	// Remote peer has v6 assigned but no capability flag yet (e.g. old client).
+	account.Peers["peer-dst-1"].IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3")
+
+	account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{"group-src", "group-dst"}
+
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+	t.Run("AllowedIPs include remote v6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var dst *nmdata.Peer
+		for _, p := range nm.Peers {
+			if p.ID == "peer-dst-1" {
+				dst = p
+			}
+		}
+		require.NotNil(t, dst)
+		assert.True(t, dst.IPv6.IsValid(), "remote peer's v6 should still be present so AllowedIPs gets v6/128 (gated on target peer cap)")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no AAAA for non-capable remote peer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, z := range nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones {
+			for _, r := range z.Records {
+				if r.Type == int(dns.TypeAAAA) && r.RData == "fd00::3" {
+					t.Errorf("AAAA record for non-capable remote peer should NOT be emitted, got %+v", r)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestNetworkMapComponents_IPv6Disabled_NoV6Output asserts that a peer that
+// does not support IPv6 (e.g. older client without the capability flag) gets
+// no v6 firewall rules and no AAAA records, even if other peers have IPv6.
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_IPv6Disabled_NoV6Output(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+
+	v6Caps := []int32{nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay}
+	account.Peers["peer-src-2"].Meta.Capabilities = v6Caps
+	account.Peers["peer-src-2"].IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+	account.Peers["peer-dst-1"].Meta.Capabilities = v6Caps
+	account.Peers["peer-dst-1"].IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3")
+	// peer-src-1 (target) intentionally has no capability and no IPv6.
+
+	account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{"group-src", "group-dst"}
+
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+	t.Run("no v6 firewall rules", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, r := range nm.FirewallRules {
+			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(r.PeerIP)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			assert.False(t, addr.Is6(), "v6 firewall rules should not be emitted for non-IPv6 peer (got %s)", r.PeerIP)
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/ipv6_groups_test.go b/management/server/types/ipv6_groups_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..766a9c92c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/ipv6_groups_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+)
+
+func TestPeerIPv6Allowed(t *testing.T) {
+	account := &Account{
+		Groups: map[string]*Group{
+			"group-all":   {ID: "group-all", Name: "All", Peers: []string{"peer1", "peer2", "peer3"}},
+			"group-devs":  {ID: "group-devs", Name: "Devs", Peers: []string{"peer1", "peer2"}},
+			"group-infra": {ID: "group-infra", Name: "Infra", Peers: []string{"peer2", "peer3"}},
+			"group-empty": {ID: "group-empty", Name: "Empty", Peers: []string{}},
+		},
+		Settings: &Settings{},
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		enabledGroups []string
+		peerID        string
+		expected      bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "empty groups list disables IPv6 for all",
+			enabledGroups: []string{},
+			peerID:        "peer1",
+			expected:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "All group enables IPv6 for everyone",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-all"},
+			peerID:        "peer1",
+			expected:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "peer in enabled group gets IPv6",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-devs"},
+			peerID:        "peer1",
+			expected:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "peer not in any enabled group denied IPv6",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-devs"},
+			peerID:        "peer3",
+			expected:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "peer in multiple groups, one enabled",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-infra"},
+			peerID:        "peer2",
+			expected:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "peer in multiple groups, other one enabled",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-devs"},
+			peerID:        "peer2",
+			expected:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "multiple enabled groups, peer in one",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-devs", "group-infra"},
+			peerID:        "peer1",
+			expected:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "multiple enabled groups, peer in both",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-devs", "group-infra"},
+			peerID:        "peer2",
+			expected:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "nonexistent group ID in enabled list",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-deleted"},
+			peerID:        "peer1",
+			expected:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "empty group in enabled list",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-empty"},
+			peerID:        "peer1",
+			expected:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "unknown peer ID",
+			enabledGroups: []string{"group-all"},
+			peerID:        "peer-unknown",
+			expected:      false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = tc.enabledGroups
+			result := account.PeerIPv6Allowed(tc.peerID)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIPv6RecalculationOnGroupChange(t *testing.T) {
+	peerWithV6 := func(id string, v6 string) *nbpeer.Peer {
+		p := &nbpeer.Peer{
+			ID: id,
+			IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+		}
+		if v6 != "" {
+			p.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr(v6)
+		}
+		return p
+	}
+
+	t.Run("peer loses IPv6 when removed from enabled groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		peer := peerWithV6("peer1", "fd00::1")
+
+		account := &Account{
+			Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{"peer1": peer},
+			Groups: map[string]*Group{
+				"group-a": {ID: "group-a", Peers: []string{"peer1"}},
+				"group-b": {ID: "group-b", Peers: []string{}},
+			},
+			Settings: &Settings{
+				IPv6EnabledGroups: []string{"group-a"},
+			},
+		}
+
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"), "peer should be allowed before change")
+
+		// Move peer out of enabled group
+		account.Groups["group-a"].Peers = []string{}
+		account.Groups["group-b"].Peers = []string{"peer1"}
+
+		assert.False(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"), "peer should be denied after group change")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer gains IPv6 when added to enabled group", func(t *testing.T) {
+		peer := peerWithV6("peer1", "")
+
+		account := &Account{
+			Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{"peer1": peer},
+			Groups: map[string]*Group{
+				"group-a": {ID: "group-a", Peers: []string{}},
+				"group-b": {ID: "group-b", Peers: []string{"peer1"}},
+			},
+			Settings: &Settings{
+				IPv6EnabledGroups: []string{"group-a"},
+			},
+		}
+
+		assert.False(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"), "peer should be denied before change")
+
+		// Add peer to enabled group
+		account.Groups["group-a"].Peers = []string{"peer1"}
+
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"), "peer should be allowed after joining enabled group")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer in two groups, one leaves enabled list", func(t *testing.T) {
+		peer := peerWithV6("peer1", "fd00::1")
+
+		account := &Account{
+			Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{"peer1": peer},
+			Groups: map[string]*Group{
+				"group-a": {ID: "group-a", Peers: []string{"peer1"}},
+				"group-b": {ID: "group-b", Peers: []string{"peer1"}},
+			},
+			Settings: &Settings{
+				IPv6EnabledGroups: []string{"group-a", "group-b"},
+			},
+		}
+
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"))
+
+		// Remove group-a from enabled list, peer still in group-b
+		account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{"group-b"}
+
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"), "peer should still be allowed via group-b")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer in two groups, both leave enabled list", func(t *testing.T) {
+		peer := peerWithV6("peer1", "fd00::1")
+
+		account := &Account{
+			Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{"peer1": peer},
+			Groups: map[string]*Group{
+				"group-a": {ID: "group-a", Peers: []string{"peer1"}},
+				"group-b": {ID: "group-b", Peers: []string{"peer1"}},
+			},
+			Settings: &Settings{
+				IPv6EnabledGroups: []string{"group-a", "group-b"},
+			},
+		}
+
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"))
+
+		// Clear all enabled groups
+		account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{}
+
+		assert.False(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"), "peer should be denied when no groups enabled")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("enabling a group gives only its peers IPv6", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account := &Account{
+			Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+				"peer1": peerWithV6("peer1", ""),
+				"peer2": peerWithV6("peer2", ""),
+				"peer3": peerWithV6("peer3", ""),
+			},
+			Groups: map[string]*Group{
+				"group-devs":  {ID: "group-devs", Peers: []string{"peer1", "peer2"}},
+				"group-infra": {ID: "group-infra", Peers: []string{"peer2", "peer3"}},
+			},
+			Settings: &Settings{
+				IPv6EnabledGroups: []string{"group-devs"},
+			},
+		}
+
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"), "peer1 in devs")
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer2"), "peer2 in devs")
+		assert.False(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer3"), "peer3 not in devs")
+
+		// Add infra group
+		account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{"group-devs", "group-infra"}
+
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"), "peer1 still in devs")
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer2"), "peer2 in both")
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer3"), "peer3 now in infra")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestPeerIPv6AllowedEmbeddedProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	account := &Account{
+		Peers: map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+			"peer1": {ID: "peer1"},
+			"proxy": {ID: "proxy", ProxyMeta: nbpeer.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true, Cluster: "netbird.test"}},
+		},
+		Groups: map[string]*Group{
+			"group-devs": {ID: "group-devs", Peers: []string{"peer1"}},
+		},
+		Settings: &Settings{},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("embedded proxy allowed when any v6 group exists, without group membership", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{"group-devs"}
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("proxy"), "embedded proxy participates in v6 overlay")
+		assert.True(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("peer1"), "regular peer in enabled group still allowed")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("embedded proxy denied when no v6 group enabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = nil
+		assert.False(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("proxy"), "v6 disabled account-wide denies embedded proxies too")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-embedded peer outside any enabled group is not pulled in", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Settings.IPv6EnabledGroups = []string{"group-devs"}
+		account.Peers["lonely"] = &nbpeer.Peer{ID: "lonely"}
+		assert.False(t, account.PeerIPv6Allowed("lonely"), "embedded-proxy bypass must not leak to regular peers")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/job.go b/management/server/types/job.go
index bad8f00ba..db2d0d42c 100644
--- a/management/server/types/job.go
+++ b/management/server/types/job.go
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ package types
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/anonymize"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
@@ -150,6 +152,21 @@ func validateAndBuildBundleParams(req api.WorkloadRequest, workload *Workload) e
 	if bundle.Parameters.LogFileCount < 1 || bundle.Parameters.LogFileCount > 1000 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("log-file-count must be between 1 and 1000, got %d", bundle.Parameters.LogFileCount)
 	}
+	// validate anonymize_level: omitted or empty defaults on the client;
+	// otherwise it must name a known level. An unknown value is rejected here
+	// rather than silently escalated, so a typo surfaces at job creation. The
+	// normalized (trimmed, lowercased) value is persisted so it matches what
+	// the client parses — the client only lowercases, so a stored " default "
+	// would otherwise resolve to strict.
+	if lvl := bundle.Parameters.AnonymizeLevel; lvl != nil {
+		normalized := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(*lvl))
+		switch normalized {
+		case "", anonymize.LevelDefaultString, anonymize.LevelStrictString:
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("anonymize_level must be %q or %q, got %q", anonymize.LevelDefaultString, anonymize.LevelStrictString, *lvl)
+		}
+		bundle.Parameters.AnonymizeLevel = &normalized
+	}
 
 	workload.Parameters, err = json.Marshal(bundle.Parameters)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -209,6 +226,17 @@ func (j *Job) ToStreamJobRequest() (*proto.JobRequest, error) {
 	}
 }
 
+// derefString returns the pointed-to string, or "" when the pointer is nil.
+// The bundle parameters carry anonymize_level and upload_url as optional
+// fields; an absent value maps to the empty proto string, which the client
+// resolves to its default.
+func derefString(s *string) string {
+	if s == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return *s
+}
+
 func (j *Job) buildStreamBundleResponse() (*proto.JobRequest, error) {
 	var p api.BundleParameters
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(j.Workload.Parameters, &p); err != nil {
@@ -218,10 +246,12 @@ func (j *Job) buildStreamBundleResponse() (*proto.JobRequest, error) {
 		ID: []byte(j.ID),
 		WorkloadParameters: &proto.JobRequest_Bundle{
 			Bundle: &proto.BundleParameters{
-				BundleFor:     p.BundleFor,
-				BundleForTime: int64(p.BundleForTime),
-				LogFileCount:  int32(p.LogFileCount),
-				Anonymize:     p.Anonymize,
+				BundleFor:      p.BundleFor,
+				BundleForTime:  int64(p.BundleForTime),
+				LogFileCount:   int32(p.LogFileCount),
+				Anonymize:      p.Anonymize,
+				AnonymizeLevel: derefString(p.AnonymizeLevel),
+				UploadUrl:      derefString(p.UploadUrl),
 			},
 		},
 	}, nil
diff --git a/management/server/types/job_test.go b/management/server/types/job_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..428c2215b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/job_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+func strPtr(s string) *string { return &s }
+
+// bundleJobFromParams builds a bundle Job whose stored workload parameters are
+// the marshalled REST BundleParameters, mirroring what NewJob persists.
+func bundleJobFromParams(t *testing.T, p api.BundleParameters) *Job {
+	t.Helper()
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(p)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshal bundle parameters")
+	return &Job{
+		ID: "job-1",
+		Workload: Workload{
+			Type:       JobTypeBundle,
+			Parameters: raw,
+			Result:     []byte("{}"),
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBuildStreamBundleResponse_CarriesIdentityAndUploadFields verifies the
+// anonymize_level and upload_url REST fields are mapped onto the proto request
+// the client receives.
+func TestBuildStreamBundleResponse_CarriesIdentityAndUploadFields(t *testing.T) {
+	job := bundleJobFromParams(t, api.BundleParameters{
+		BundleFor:      true,
+		BundleForTime:  2,
+		LogFileCount:   100,
+		Anonymize:      true,
+		AnonymizeLevel: strPtr("strict"),
+		UploadUrl:      strPtr("https://upload.example.com"),
+	})
+
+	req, err := job.ToStreamJobRequest()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "ToStreamJobRequest must succeed")
+
+	bundle := req.GetBundle()
+	require.NotNil(t, bundle, "the request must carry bundle parameters")
+	assert.Equal(t, "strict", bundle.GetAnonymizeLevel(), "anonymize_level must reach the client")
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://upload.example.com", bundle.GetUploadUrl(), "upload_url must reach the client")
+	assert.True(t, bundle.GetAnonymize(), "existing fields must still map")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(100), bundle.GetLogFileCount(), "existing fields must still map")
+}
+
+// newBundleJobRequest builds an api.JobRequest carrying a bundle workload with
+// the given parameters, mirroring what the REST handler decodes.
+func newBundleJobRequest(t *testing.T, p api.BundleParameters) *api.JobRequest {
+	t.Helper()
+	var wr api.WorkloadRequest
+	require.NoError(t, wr.FromBundleWorkloadRequest(api.BundleWorkloadRequest{
+		Type:       api.WorkloadTypeBundle,
+		Parameters: p,
+	}), "build bundle workload request")
+	return &api.JobRequest{Workload: wr}
+}
+
+// TestNewJob_AnonymizeLevelValidation verifies the management API accepts only
+// known anonymization levels (empty defaults on the client) and rejects an
+// unknown value instead of silently escalating it.
+func TestNewJob_AnonymizeLevelValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	base := api.BundleParameters{BundleFor: false, LogFileCount: 100, Anonymize: true}
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name    string
+		level   *string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{name: "omitted", level: nil},
+		{name: "empty", level: strPtr("")},
+		{name: "default", level: strPtr("default")},
+		{name: "strict", level: strPtr("strict")},
+		{name: "mixed case", level: strPtr("Strict")},
+		{name: "padded", level: strPtr(" default ")},
+		{name: "unknown", level: strPtr("verbose"), wantErr: true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := base
+			p.AnonymizeLevel = tc.level
+			_, err := NewJob("user-1", "acc-1", "peer-1", newBundleJobRequest(t, p))
+			if tc.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err, "an unknown anonymize_level must be rejected")
+				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "anonymize_level", "the error must name the offending field")
+				return
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err, "a known anonymize_level must be accepted")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNewJob_AnonymizeLevelNormalized verifies an accepted level is persisted
+// trimmed and lowercased, so it reaches the client as a value the client's
+// lowercase-only parser resolves correctly rather than escalating to strict.
+func TestNewJob_AnonymizeLevelNormalized(t *testing.T) {
+	job, err := NewJob("user-1", "acc-1", "peer-1", newBundleJobRequest(t, api.BundleParameters{
+		BundleFor:      false,
+		LogFileCount:   100,
+		Anonymize:      true,
+		AnonymizeLevel: strPtr("  Default  "),
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "a padded known level must be accepted")
+
+	req, err := job.ToStreamJobRequest()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "ToStreamJobRequest must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, "default", req.GetBundle().GetAnonymizeLevel(),
+		"the persisted level must be normalized so the client does not resolve it to strict")
+}
+
+// TestBuildStreamBundleResponse_OmittedFieldsMapToEmpty verifies that omitted
+// optional fields map to the empty proto string, which the client resolves to
+// its defaults (default anonymization level, default upload server).
+func TestBuildStreamBundleResponse_OmittedFieldsMapToEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	job := bundleJobFromParams(t, api.BundleParameters{
+		BundleFor:     false,
+		BundleForTime: 1,
+		LogFileCount:  50,
+		Anonymize:     false,
+		// AnonymizeLevel and UploadUrl intentionally nil.
+	})
+
+	req, err := job.ToStreamJobRequest()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "ToStreamJobRequest must succeed")
+
+	bundle := req.GetBundle()
+	require.NotNil(t, bundle, "the request must carry bundle parameters")
+	assert.Empty(t, bundle.GetAnonymizeLevel(), "an omitted anonymize_level must map to empty so the client defaults it")
+	assert.Empty(t, bundle.GetUploadUrl(), "an omitted upload_url must map to empty so the client defaults it")
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/account_components.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/account_components.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d5b4a9cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/account_components.go
@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+package legacynmap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"slices"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// GetPeerNetworkMapResult dispatches to either the legacy-NetworkMap path or
+// the components path based on the peer's capability and the kill switch.
+// Capable peers (PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap) get the raw components
+// shape — the server skips Calculate() entirely for them, saving CPU
+// proportional to the number of capable peers in the account. Legacy peers
+// (or any peer when componentsDisabled is true) get the fully-expanded
+// NetworkMap as before.
+
+func GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(a *Account,
+	ctx context.Context,
+	peerID string,
+	peersCustomZone nbdns.CustomZone,
+	accountZones []*zones.Zone,
+	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
+	resourcePolicies map[string][]*Policy,
+	routers map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter,
+	metrics *telemetry.AccountManagerMetrics,
+	groupIDToUserIDs map[string][]string,
+) *NetworkMap {
+	start := time.Now()
+
+	components := GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(a,
+		ctx,
+		peerID,
+		peersCustomZone,
+		accountZones,
+		validatedPeersMap,
+		resourcePolicies,
+		routers,
+		groupIDToUserIDs,
+	)
+
+	if components.IsEmpty() {
+		return &NetworkMap{Network: components.Network}
+	}
+
+	nm := CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
+
+	if metrics != nil {
+		objectCount := int64(len(nm.Peers) + len(nm.OfflinePeers) + len(nm.Routes) + len(nm.FirewallRules) + len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules))
+		metrics.CountNetworkMapObjects(objectCount)
+		metrics.CountGetPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
+
+		if objectCount > 5000 {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("account: %s has a total resource count of %d objects from components, "+
+				"peers: %d, offline peers: %d, routes: %d, firewall rules: %d, route firewall rules: %d",
+				a.Id, objectCount, len(nm.Peers), len(nm.OfflinePeers), len(nm.Routes), len(nm.FirewallRules), len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nm
+}
+
+func GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(a *Account,
+	ctx context.Context,
+	peerID string,
+	peersCustomZone nbdns.CustomZone,
+	accountZones []*zones.Zone,
+	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
+	resourcePolicies map[string][]*Policy,
+	routers map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter,
+	groupIDToUserIDs map[string][]string,
+) *NetworkMapComponents {
+	peer := a.Peers[peerID]
+	// this can never happen, things are very wrong if it did
+	// TODO (dmitri) maybe consider using invariants?
+	if peer == nil {
+		log.WithField("peer id", peerID).Error("NetworkMapComponents are computed for a peer missing from the account")
+		return EmptyNetworkMapComponents(&NetworkMapComponents{
+			PeerID:  peerID,
+			Network: a.Network.Copy(),
+			// must include the target peer as it's required on the client
+			Peers: map[string]*ComponentPeer{peerID: peerToComponent(peer)},
+		})
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[peerID]; !ok {
+		// Mirror legacy graceful-degrade: GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents
+		// returns &NetworkMap{Network: a.Network.Copy()} when components is
+		// nil. Match that floor so the receiving client always sees the
+		// account Network identifier, not a fully-empty envelope.
+		return EmptyNetworkMapComponents(&NetworkMapComponents{
+			PeerID:  peerID,
+			Network: a.Network.Copy(),
+			// must include the target peer as it's required on the client
+			Peers: map[string]*ComponentPeer{peerID: peerToComponent(peer)},
+		})
+	}
+
+	components := &NetworkMapComponents{
+		PeerID:                    peerID,
+		Network:                   a.Network.Copy(),
+		NameServerGroups:          make([]*nbdns.NameServerGroup, 0),
+		CustomZoneDomain:          peersCustomZone.Domain,
+		ResourcePoliciesMap:       make(map[string][]*Policy),
+		RoutersMap:                make(map[string]map[string]*ComponentRouter),
+		NetworkResources:          make([]*ComponentResource, 0),
+		PostureFailedPeers:        make(map[string]map[string]struct{}, len(a.PostureChecks)),
+		RouterPeers:               make(map[string]*ComponentPeer),
+		NetworkXIDToPublicID:      make(map[string]string, len(a.Networks)),
+		PostureCheckXIDToPublicID: make(map[string]string, len(a.PostureChecks)),
+
+		ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution: forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution(a, peerID, routers),
+	}
+	for _, n := range a.Networks {
+		if n != nil {
+			components.NetworkXIDToPublicID[n.ID] = n.PublicID
+		}
+	}
+	for _, pc := range a.PostureChecks {
+		if pc != nil {
+			components.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID[pc.ID] = pc.PublicID
+		}
+	}
+
+	components.AccountSettings = &AccountSettingsInfo{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled:      a.Settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:             a.Settings.PeerLoginExpiration,
+		PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled: a.Settings.PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled,
+		PeerInactivityExpiration:        a.Settings.PeerInactivityExpiration,
+	}
+
+	components.DNSSettings = &a.DNSSettings
+
+	// relevantPeers always contains the target peer (peerID)
+	relevantPeers, relevantGroups, relevantPolicies, relevantRoutes, sshReqs := getPeersGroupsPoliciesRoutes(a, ctx, peerID, peer.SSHEnabled, validatedPeersMap, &components.PostureFailedPeers)
+
+	if len(sshReqs.neededGroupIDs) > 0 {
+		components.GroupIDToUserIDs = filterGroupIDToUserIDs(groupIDToUserIDs, sshReqs.neededGroupIDs)
+	}
+	if sshReqs.needAllowedUserIDs {
+		components.AllowedUserIDs = getAllowedUserIDs(a)
+	}
+
+	components.Peers = relevantPeers
+	components.Groups = groupsToComponent(relevantGroups)
+	components.Policies = relevantPolicies
+	components.Routes = relevantRoutes
+	components.AllDNSRecords = filterDNSRecordsByPeers(peersCustomZone.Records, relevantPeers, peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid())
+
+	peerGroups := a.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
+	components.AccountZones = filterPeerAppliedZones(ctx, accountZones, LookupMap(peerGroups))
+	components.AccountZones = append(components.AccountZones, a.SynthesizePrivateServiceZones(peerID)...)
+
+	for _, nsGroup := range a.NameServerGroups {
+		if nsGroup.Enabled {
+			for _, gID := range nsGroup.Groups {
+				if _, found := relevantGroups[gID]; found {
+					components.NameServerGroups = append(components.NameServerGroups, nsGroup)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, resource := range a.NetworkResources {
+		if !resource.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		policies, exists := resourcePolicies[resource.ID]
+		if !exists {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		addSourcePeers := false
+
+		networkRoutingPeers, routerExists := routers[resource.NetworkID]
+		if routerExists {
+			if _, ok := networkRoutingPeers[peerID]; ok {
+				addSourcePeers = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, policy := range policies {
+			if addSourcePeers {
+				var peers []string
+				if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
+					peers = []string{policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID}
+				} else {
+					peers = getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(a, ctx, policy.SourceGroups())
+				}
+				for _, pID := range getPostureValidPeersSaveFailed(a, peers, policy.SourcePostureChecks, validatedPeersMap, &components.PostureFailedPeers) {
+					if _, exists := components.Peers[pID]; !exists {
+						components.Peers[pID] = peerToComponent(a.GetPeer(pID))
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				peerInSources := false
+				if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
+					peerInSources = policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID == peerID
+				} else {
+					for _, groupID := range policy.SourceGroups() {
+						if group := a.GetGroup(groupID); group != nil && slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID) {
+							peerInSources = true
+							break
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if !peerInSources {
+					continue
+				}
+				isValid, pname := validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(a, ctx, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID)
+				if !isValid && len(pname) > 0 {
+					if _, ok := components.PostureFailedPeers[pname]; !ok {
+						components.PostureFailedPeers[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
+					}
+					components.PostureFailedPeers[pname][peer.ID] = struct{}{}
+					continue
+				}
+				addSourcePeers = true
+			}
+
+			for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+				for _, srcGroupID := range rule.Sources {
+					if g := a.Groups[srcGroupID]; g != nil {
+						if _, exists := components.Groups[srcGroupID]; !exists {
+							components.Groups[srcGroupID] = groupToComponent(g)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				for _, dstGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
+					if g := a.Groups[dstGroupID]; g != nil {
+						if _, exists := components.Groups[dstGroupID]; !exists {
+							components.Groups[dstGroupID] = groupToComponent(g)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			components.ResourcePoliciesMap[resource.ID] = policies
+		}
+
+		// Only expose router peers and the per-network routers_map when this
+		// target peer actually has access to the resource (either as a router
+		// itself or via a policy that includes it as a source). Without this
+		// gate, every peer's envelope was leaking router peers of every
+		// network in the account — accounts with many tenants/networks
+		// shipped tens of unrelated peers in `peers[]` and `routers_map`.
+		if addSourcePeers {
+			components.RoutersMap[resource.NetworkID] = routersToComponentMap(networkRoutingPeers)
+			for peerIDKey := range networkRoutingPeers {
+				if p := a.Peers[peerIDKey]; p != nil {
+					cp := components.RouterPeers[peerIDKey]
+					if cp == nil {
+						cp = peerToComponent(p)
+						components.RouterPeers[peerIDKey] = cp
+					}
+					if _, exists := components.Peers[peerIDKey]; !exists {
+						if _, validated := validatedPeersMap[peerIDKey]; validated {
+							components.Peers[peerIDKey] = cp
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			components.NetworkResources = append(components.NetworkResources, resourceToComponent(resource))
+		}
+	}
+
+	filterGroupPeers(&components.Groups, components.Peers)
+	filterPostureFailedPeers(&components.PostureFailedPeers, components.Policies, components.ResourcePoliciesMap, components.Peers)
+
+	return components
+}
+
+type sshRequirements struct {
+	neededGroupIDs     map[string]struct{}
+	needAllowedUserIDs bool
+}
+
+func getPeersGroupsPoliciesRoutes(a *Account,
+	ctx context.Context,
+	peerID string,
+	peerSSHEnabled bool,
+	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
+	postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{},
+) (map[string]*ComponentPeer, map[string]*Group, []*Policy, []*route.Route, sshRequirements) {
+	relevantPeerIDs := make(map[string]*ComponentPeer, len(a.Peers)/4)
+	relevantGroupIDs := make(map[string]*Group, len(a.Groups)/4)
+	relevantPolicies := make([]*Policy, 0, len(a.Policies))
+	relevantRoutes := make([]*route.Route, 0, len(a.Routes))
+	sshReqs := sshRequirements{neededGroupIDs: make(map[string]struct{})}
+
+	relevantPeerIDs[peerID] = peerToComponent(a.GetPeer(peerID))
+
+	peerGroupSet := make(map[string]struct{}, 8)
+	for groupID, group := range a.Groups {
+		if slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID) {
+			relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = a.GetGroup(groupID)
+			peerGroupSet[groupID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	routeAccessControlGroups := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, r := range a.Routes {
+		if r == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		relevant := r.Peer == peerID
+		if !relevant {
+			for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
+				if _, ok := peerGroupSet[groupID]; ok {
+					relevant = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !relevant && r.Enabled {
+			for _, groupID := range r.Groups {
+				if _, ok := peerGroupSet[groupID]; ok {
+					relevant = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !relevant {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
+			relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = a.GetGroup(groupID)
+		}
+		for _, groupID := range r.Groups {
+			relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = a.GetGroup(groupID)
+		}
+		if r.Enabled {
+			for _, groupID := range r.AccessControlGroups {
+				relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = a.GetGroup(groupID)
+				routeAccessControlGroups[groupID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Include route advertisers in relevantPeerIDs. The envelope
+		// encoder writes route.peer_index by looking up r.Peer in the
+		// shipped peers list; if the advertiser is policy-isolated from
+		// the target peer (no rule edge between them), it would otherwise
+		// be omitted and the decoder would fail to resolve r.Peer, leaving
+		// the client without a WG tunnel target for this route. Legacy
+		// NetworkMap.Routes shipped the WG public key inline, so the
+		// equivalence path doesn't surface this — but the dependency is
+		// real once a client actually tries to use the route.
+		// Gate by validatedPeersMap so non-validated advertisers stay out
+		// (matches the network-resource router behaviour at the bottom of
+		// this loop, and the legacy invariant that only validated peers
+		// reach a client's view).
+		if r.Peer != "" {
+			if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[r.Peer]; ok {
+				if p := a.GetPeer(r.Peer); p != nil {
+					relevantPeerIDs[r.Peer] = peerToComponent(p)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
+			g := a.GetGroup(groupID)
+			if g == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, pid := range g.Peers {
+				if _, exists := relevantPeerIDs[pid]; exists {
+					continue
+				}
+				if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[pid]; !ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				if p := a.GetPeer(pid); p != nil {
+					relevantPeerIDs[pid] = peerToComponent(p)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		relevantRoutes = append(relevantRoutes, r)
+	}
+
+	for _, policy := range a.Policies {
+		if !policy.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		policyRelevant := false
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if !rule.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if len(routeAccessControlGroups) > 0 {
+				for _, destGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
+					if _, needed := routeAccessControlGroups[destGroupID]; needed {
+						policyRelevant = true
+						for _, srcGroupID := range rule.Sources {
+							relevantGroupIDs[srcGroupID] = a.GetGroup(srcGroupID)
+						}
+						for _, dstGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
+							relevantGroupIDs[dstGroupID] = a.GetGroup(dstGroupID)
+						}
+						break
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			var sourcePeers, destinationPeers []string
+			var peerInSources, peerInDestinations bool
+
+			if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
+				sourcePeers = []string{rule.SourceResource.ID}
+				if rule.SourceResource.ID == peerID {
+					peerInSources = true
+				}
+			} else {
+				sourcePeers, peerInSources = getPeersFromGroups(a, ctx, rule.Sources, peerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks, validatedPeersMap, postureFailedPeers)
+			}
+
+			if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
+				destinationPeers = []string{rule.DestinationResource.ID}
+				if rule.DestinationResource.ID == peerID {
+					peerInDestinations = true
+				}
+			} else {
+				destinationPeers, peerInDestinations = getPeersFromGroups(a, ctx, rule.Destinations, peerID, nil, validatedPeersMap, postureFailedPeers)
+			}
+
+			if peerInSources {
+				policyRelevant = true
+				for _, pid := range destinationPeers {
+					if _, exists := relevantPeerIDs[pid]; !exists {
+						relevantPeerIDs[pid] = peerToComponent(a.GetPeer(pid))
+					}
+				}
+				for _, dstGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
+					relevantGroupIDs[dstGroupID] = a.GetGroup(dstGroupID)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if peerInDestinations {
+				policyRelevant = true
+				for _, pid := range sourcePeers {
+					if _, exists := relevantPeerIDs[pid]; !exists {
+						relevantPeerIDs[pid] = peerToComponent(a.GetPeer(pid))
+					}
+				}
+				for _, srcGroupID := range rule.Sources {
+					relevantGroupIDs[srcGroupID] = a.GetGroup(srcGroupID)
+				}
+
+				if rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH {
+					switch {
+					case len(rule.AuthorizedGroups) > 0:
+						for groupID := range rule.AuthorizedGroups {
+							sshReqs.neededGroupIDs[groupID] = struct{}{}
+						}
+					case rule.AuthorizedUser != "":
+					default:
+						sshReqs.needAllowedUserIDs = true
+					}
+				} else if PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && peerSSHEnabled {
+					sshReqs.needAllowedUserIDs = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if policyRelevant {
+			relevantPolicies = append(relevantPolicies, policy)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return relevantPeerIDs, relevantGroupIDs, relevantPolicies, relevantRoutes, sshReqs
+}
+
+func getPeersFromGroups(a *Account, ctx context.Context, groups []string, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string,
+	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}, postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}) ([]string, bool) {
+	peerInGroups := false
+	filteredPeerIDs := make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	seenPeerIds := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groups))
+
+	for _, gid := range groups {
+		group := a.GetGroup(gid)
+		if group == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if group.IsGroupAll() || len(groups) == 1 {
+			filteredPeerIDs = make([]string, 0, len(group.Peers))
+			peerInGroups = false
+			for _, pid := range group.Peers {
+				peer, ok := a.Peers[pid]
+				if !ok || peer == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[peer.ID]; !ok {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				isValid, pname := validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(a, ctx, sourcePostureChecksIDs, peer.ID)
+				if !isValid && len(pname) > 0 {
+					if _, ok := (*postureFailedPeers)[pname]; !ok {
+						(*postureFailedPeers)[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
+					}
+					(*postureFailedPeers)[pname][peer.ID] = struct{}{}
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if peer.ID == peerID {
+					peerInGroups = true
+					continue
+				}
+
+				filteredPeerIDs = append(filteredPeerIDs, peer.ID)
+			}
+			return filteredPeerIDs, peerInGroups
+		}
+
+		for _, pid := range group.Peers {
+			if _, seen := seenPeerIds[pid]; seen {
+				continue
+			}
+			seenPeerIds[pid] = struct{}{}
+			peer, ok := a.Peers[pid]
+			if !ok || peer == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[peer.ID]; !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			isValid, pname := validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(a, ctx, sourcePostureChecksIDs, peer.ID)
+			if !isValid && len(pname) > 0 {
+				if _, ok := (*postureFailedPeers)[pname]; !ok {
+					(*postureFailedPeers)[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
+				}
+				(*postureFailedPeers)[pname][peer.ID] = struct{}{}
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if peer.ID == peerID {
+				peerInGroups = true
+				continue
+			}
+
+			filteredPeerIDs = append(filteredPeerIDs, peer.ID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return filteredPeerIDs, peerInGroups
+}
+
+func validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(a *Account, ctx context.Context, sourcePostureChecksID []string, peerID string) (bool, string) {
+	peer, ok := a.Peers[peerID]
+	if !ok || peer == nil {
+		return false, ""
+	}
+
+	for _, postureChecksID := range sourcePostureChecksID {
+		postureChecks := a.GetPostureChecks(postureChecksID)
+		if postureChecks == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, check := range postureChecks.GetChecks() {
+			isValid, _ := check.Check(ctx, *peer)
+			if !isValid {
+				return false, postureChecksID
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return true, ""
+}
+
+func getPostureValidPeersSaveFailed(a *Account, inputPeers []string, postureChecksIDs []string, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}, postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}) []string {
+	var dest []string
+	for _, peerID := range inputPeers {
+		if _, validated := validatedPeersMap[peerID]; !validated {
+			continue
+		}
+		valid, pname := validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(a, context.Background(), postureChecksIDs, peerID)
+		if valid {
+			dest = append(dest, peerID)
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := (*postureFailedPeers)[pname]; !ok {
+			(*postureFailedPeers)[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
+		}
+		(*postureFailedPeers)[pname][peerID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return dest
+}
+
+// filterGroupPeers trims each group's Peers slice to only those peers that
+// also appear in `peers`. Groups whose filtered list is empty are NOT
+// deleted from the map — they're kept so the components wire encoder can
+// still resolve seq references from routes/policies/access-control groups
+// that name them. Calculate() tolerates groups with empty Peers (the inner
+// loops simply iterate zero times), so retaining them is behaviourally a
+// no-op for the legacy path that consumes the same NetworkMapComponents.
+func filterGroupPeers(groups *map[string]*ComponentGroup, peers map[string]*ComponentPeer) {
+	for groupID, groupInfo := range *groups {
+		filteredPeers := make([]string, 0, len(groupInfo.Peers))
+		for _, pid := range groupInfo.Peers {
+			if _, exists := peers[pid]; exists {
+				filteredPeers = append(filteredPeers, pid)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(filteredPeers) != len(groupInfo.Peers) {
+			ng := *groupInfo
+			ng.Peers = filteredPeers
+			(*groups)[groupID] = &ng
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func filterPostureFailedPeers(postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}, policies []*Policy, resourcePoliciesMap map[string][]*Policy, peers map[string]*ComponentPeer) {
+	if len(*postureFailedPeers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	referencedPostureChecks := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		for _, checkID := range policy.SourcePostureChecks {
+			referencedPostureChecks[checkID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, resPolicies := range resourcePoliciesMap {
+		for _, policy := range resPolicies {
+			for _, checkID := range policy.SourcePostureChecks {
+				referencedPostureChecks[checkID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for checkID, failedPeers := range *postureFailedPeers {
+		if _, referenced := referencedPostureChecks[checkID]; !referenced {
+			delete(*postureFailedPeers, checkID)
+			continue
+		}
+		for peerID := range failedPeers {
+			if _, exists := peers[peerID]; !exists {
+				delete(failedPeers, peerID)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(failedPeers) == 0 {
+			delete(*postureFailedPeers, checkID)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func filterDNSRecordsByPeers(records []nbdns.SimpleRecord, peers map[string]*ComponentPeer, includeIPv6 bool) []nbdns.SimpleRecord {
+	if len(records) == 0 || len(peers) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// Include both v4 and v6 addresses so AAAA records (whose RData is an IPv6
+	// address) are not filtered out when peers have IPv6 assigned. When the
+	// requesting peer doesn't have IPv6, omit v6 IPs so AAAA records get dropped.
+	peerIPs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(peers)*2)
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		if peer == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		peerIPs[peer.IP.String()] = struct{}{}
+		if includeIPv6 && peer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+			peerIPs[peer.IPv6.String()] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	filteredRecords := make([]nbdns.SimpleRecord, 0, len(records))
+	for _, record := range records {
+		if _, exists := peerIPs[record.RData]; exists {
+			filteredRecords = append(filteredRecords, record)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return filteredRecords
+}
+
+func filterGroupIDToUserIDs(fullMap map[string][]string, neededGroupIDs map[string]struct{}) map[string][]string {
+	if len(neededGroupIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	filtered := make(map[string][]string, len(neededGroupIDs))
+	for groupID := range neededGroupIDs {
+		if users, ok := fullMap[groupID]; ok {
+			filtered[groupID] = users
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/aliases.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/aliases.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82a18192b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/aliases.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package legacynmap
+
+import (
+	types "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	sharedtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+type (
+	Account = types.Account
+
+	DNSSettings       = types.DNSSettings
+	FirewallRule      = sharedtypes.FirewallRule
+	ForwardingRule    = sharedtypes.ForwardingRule
+	Group             = types.Group
+	Network           = types.Network
+	Policy            = types.Policy
+	PolicyRule        = types.PolicyRule
+	Resource          = types.Resource
+	RulePortRange     = sharedtypes.RulePortRange
+	RouteFirewallRule = sharedtypes.RouteFirewallRule
+)
+
+const (
+	FirewallRuleDirectionIN  = sharedtypes.FirewallRuleDirectionIN
+	FirewallRuleDirectionOUT = sharedtypes.FirewallRuleDirectionOUT
+
+	PolicyRuleProtocolALL        = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolALL
+	PolicyRuleProtocolTCP        = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
+	PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH
+	PolicyTrafficActionAccept    = sharedtypes.PolicyTrafficActionAccept
+	ResourceTypePeer             = sharedtypes.ResourceTypePeer
+
+	AllowedIPsFormat   = sharedtypes.AllowedIPsFormat
+	AllowedIPsV6Format = sharedtypes.AllowedIPsV6Format
+)
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/benchmark_test.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/benchmark_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22e291e00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/benchmark_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+//go:build nmapequiv
+
+// Account-load benchmark: the legacy store.GetAccount hydration (pgx fast
+// path, as in production) vs the nmdata store's GetNetworkMapData, against the
+// same Postgres copy as the equivalence test.
+//
+//	NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN='...' go test -tags nmapequiv \
+//	  -run '^$' -bench . -benchtime 5x -timeout 60m \
+//	  ./management/server/types/legacynmap/
+//
+// NETMAP_ACCOUNTS selects the accounts (comma-separated); by default the ten
+// accounts with the most peers are used. Each account is a sub-benchmark, so
+// the two paths can be compared per account. One warmup call runs untimed
+// before each measurement so Postgres buffer-cache state is comparable.
+//
+// Reported metrics beyond ns/op and allocs:
+//
+//   - queries/op    round trips, counted client-side via a pgx tracer
+//     (GetNetworkMapData only — the legacy store's pool is internal)
+//   - xact/op       committed transactions from pg_stat_database; the legacy
+//     pgx path runs autocommit statements, so this approximates its round
+//     trips, while GetNetworkMapData runs a single transaction
+//   - tup_returned/op, tup_fetched/op   rows scanned/fetched server-side
+//   - blks_read/op, blks_hit/op         buffer cache misses/hits
+//
+// The pg_stat_database numbers are database-global: run without concurrent
+// load. The two stat snapshots per sub-benchmark add a small constant
+// overhead to the server-side deltas.
+package legacynmap_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
+	networkmap_pgsql "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql"
+	mgmtgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+func BenchmarkGetAccount(b *testing.B) {
+	dsn := equivDSN()
+	if dsn == "" {
+		b.Skip("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN not set")
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	statsConn, err := pgx.Connect(ctx, dsn)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "connect stats connection")
+	b.Cleanup(func() { statsConn.Close(ctx) })
+
+	testStore, err := store.NewPostgresqlStore(ctx, dsn, nil, true)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "connect to postgres")
+	b.Cleanup(func() { testStore.Close(ctx) })
+
+	for _, accountID := range benchAccountIDs(b, ctx, statsConn) {
+		b.Run(accountID, func(b *testing.B) {
+			logAccountShape(b, ctx, statsConn, accountID)
+			benchDBLoad(b, ctx, statsConn, nil, func() error {
+				_, err := testStore.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+				return err
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkGetNetworkMapData(b *testing.B) {
+	dsn := equivDSN()
+	if dsn == "" {
+		b.Skip("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN not set")
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	statsConn, err := pgx.Connect(ctx, dsn)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "connect stats connection")
+	b.Cleanup(func() { statsConn.Close(ctx) })
+
+	tracer := &queryCountTracer{}
+	cfg, err := pgxpool.ParseConfig(dsn)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "parse dsn")
+	cfg.ConnConfig.Tracer = tracer
+	pool, err := pgxpool.NewWithConfig(ctx, cfg)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "connect nmdata store")
+	b.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+	nmStore := nmDataStore(b, &networkmap_pgsql.PgStore{Pool: pool})
+
+	for _, accountID := range benchAccountIDs(b, ctx, statsConn) {
+		b.Run(accountID, func(b *testing.B) {
+			logAccountShape(b, ctx, statsConn, accountID)
+			benchDBLoad(b, ctx, statsConn, tracer, func() error {
+				_, err := nmStore.GetNetworkMapData(ctx, accountID)
+				return err
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkAccountFullRound measures store load plus the full per-peer fan-out
+// to *proto.SyncResponse for every peer of the account, the way the production
+// account path runs it: index maps and per-peer twin building happen after
+// GetAccount and are part of the measured op. BenchmarkNetworkMapDataFullRound
+// is the equivalent for the nmdata path, whose index building happens inside
+// GetNetworkMapData. Select both with -bench FullRound.
+func BenchmarkAccountFullRound(b *testing.B) {
+	dsn := equivDSN()
+	if dsn == "" {
+		b.Skip("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN not set")
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	statsConn, err := pgx.Connect(ctx, dsn)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "connect stats connection")
+	b.Cleanup(func() { statsConn.Close(ctx) })
+
+	testStore, err := store.NewPostgresqlStore(ctx, dsn, nil, true)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "connect to postgres")
+	b.Cleanup(func() { testStore.Close(ctx) })
+
+	for _, accountID := range benchAccountIDs(b, ctx, statsConn) {
+		b.Run(accountID, func(b *testing.B) {
+			logAccountShape(b, ctx, statsConn, accountID)
+			benchDBLoad(b, ctx, statsConn, nil, func() error {
+				account, err := testStore.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				buildAccountSyncResponses(ctx, account)
+				return nil
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkNetworkMapDataFullRound(b *testing.B) {
+	dsn := equivDSN()
+	if dsn == "" {
+		b.Skip("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN not set")
+	}
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	statsConn, err := pgx.Connect(ctx, dsn)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "connect stats connection")
+	b.Cleanup(func() { statsConn.Close(ctx) })
+
+	tracer := &queryCountTracer{}
+	cfg, err := pgxpool.ParseConfig(dsn)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "parse dsn")
+	cfg.ConnConfig.Tracer = tracer
+	pool, err := pgxpool.NewWithConfig(ctx, cfg)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "connect nmdata store")
+	b.Cleanup(pool.Close)
+	nmStore := nmDataStore(b, &networkmap_pgsql.PgStore{Pool: pool})
+
+	for _, accountID := range benchAccountIDs(b, ctx, statsConn) {
+		b.Run(accountID, func(b *testing.B) {
+			logAccountShape(b, ctx, statsConn, accountID)
+			benchDBLoad(b, ctx, statsConn, tracer, func() error {
+				nmData, err := nmStore.GetNetworkMapData(ctx, accountID)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				buildDataSyncResponses(ctx, nmData)
+				return nil
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// buildAccountSyncResponses fans out to every peer like the controller's
+// account path: index maps once, twin conversion and network-map computation
+// per peer.
+func buildAccountSyncResponses(ctx context.Context, account *types.Account) {
+	validated := make(map[string]struct{}, len(account.Peers))
+	for peerID := range account.Peers {
+		validated[peerID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupUsers := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+	settings := account.Settings
+	if settings == nil {
+		settings = &types.Settings{}
+	}
+	dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
+
+	for peerID, peer := range account.Peers {
+		nm := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
+			ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validated, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupUsers,
+		)
+		mgmtgrpc.ToSyncResponse(
+			ctx, nil, nil, nil, types.TwinPeer(peer), nil, nil, nm, equivDNSName, nil,
+			dnsCache, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), settings.Extra, nil, 0,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// buildDataSyncResponses is the nmdata-path equivalent of
+// buildAccountSyncResponses.
+func buildDataSyncResponses(ctx context.Context, nmData *networkmap.NetworkMapData) {
+	validated := make(map[string]struct{}, len(nmData.Peers))
+	for peerID := range nmData.Peers {
+		validated[peerID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	nmData.ValidatedPeers = validated
+	dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
+
+	for peerID, peer := range nmData.Peers {
+		components := nmData.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(peerID, nmdata.CustomZone{})
+		nm := &types.NetworkMap{Network: components.Network}
+		if !components.IsEmpty() {
+			nm = types.CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
+		}
+		mgmtgrpc.ToSyncResponse(
+			ctx, nil, nil, nil, peer, nil, nil, nm, equivDNSName, nil,
+			dnsCache, nmData.AccountSettings, nil, nil, 0,
+		)
+	}
+}
+
+// benchDBLoad runs op b.N times and reports server-side pg_stat_database
+// deltas per op. A non-nil tracer additionally reports exact client round
+// trips per op.
+//
+// Backends flush cumulative stats at most once per second and only while
+// processing commands, so around each snapshot the load settles: sleep past
+// the flush interval, then run one extra untimed op whose command end flushes
+// everything pending. The trailing extra op lands inside the measured window,
+// hence the b.N+1 denominator for the server-side metrics.
+func benchDBLoad(b *testing.B, ctx context.Context, statsConn *pgx.Conn, tracer *queryCountTracer, op func() error) {
+	b.Helper()
+
+	require.NoError(b, op(), "warmup")
+	settleDBStats(b, op)
+
+	before, err := snapshotDBStats(ctx, statsConn)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "stats snapshot")
+	var queriesBefore int64
+	if tracer != nil {
+		queriesBefore = tracer.queries.Load()
+	}
+
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		if err := op(); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	b.StopTimer()
+
+	settleDBStats(b, op)
+	after, err := snapshotDBStats(ctx, statsConn)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "stats snapshot")
+
+	ops := float64(b.N + 1)
+	if tracer != nil {
+		b.ReportMetric(float64(tracer.queries.Load()-queriesBefore)/ops, "queries/op")
+	}
+	b.ReportMetric(float64(after.xactCommit-before.xactCommit)/ops, "xact/op")
+	b.ReportMetric(float64(after.tupReturned-before.tupReturned)/ops, "tup_returned/op")
+	b.ReportMetric(float64(after.tupFetched-before.tupFetched)/ops, "tup_fetched/op")
+	b.ReportMetric(float64(after.blksRead-before.blksRead)/ops, "blks_read/op")
+	b.ReportMetric(float64(after.blksHit-before.blksHit)/ops, "blks_hit/op")
+}
+
+func settleDBStats(b *testing.B, op func() error) {
+	b.Helper()
+	time.Sleep(1100 * time.Millisecond)
+	require.NoError(b, op(), "stats flush op")
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+func benchAccountIDs(b *testing.B, ctx context.Context, conn *pgx.Conn) []string {
+	b.Helper()
+
+	if ids := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("NETMAP_ACCOUNTS")); ids != "" {
+		var out []string
+		for _, id := range strings.Split(ids, ",") {
+			if id = strings.TrimSpace(id); id != "" {
+				out = append(out, id)
+			}
+		}
+		return out
+	}
+
+	rows, err := conn.Query(ctx,
+		"select account_id from peers group by account_id order by count(*) desc, account_id limit 10")
+	require.NoError(b, err, "list benchmark accounts")
+	ids, err := pgx.CollectRows(rows, pgx.RowTo[string])
+	require.NoError(b, err, "collect benchmark accounts")
+	require.NotEmpty(b, ids, "no accounts found")
+	return ids
+}
+
+func logAccountShape(b *testing.B, ctx context.Context, conn *pgx.Conn, accountID string) {
+	b.Helper()
+
+	var peers, groups, users, policies, routes, resources, nsGroups int
+	err := conn.QueryRow(ctx, `select
+		(select count(*) from peers where account_id=$1),
+		(select count(*) from groups where account_id=$1),
+		(select count(*) from users where account_id=$1),
+		(select count(*) from policies where account_id=$1),
+		(select count(*) from routes where account_id=$1),
+		(select count(*) from network_resources where account_id=$1),
+		(select count(*) from name_server_groups where account_id=$1)`, accountID).
+		Scan(&peers, &groups, &users, &policies, &routes, &resources, &nsGroups)
+	require.NoError(b, err, "account shape")
+	b.Logf("account=%s peers=%d groups=%d users=%d policies=%d routes=%d resources=%d nsgroups=%d",
+		accountID, peers, groups, users, policies, routes, resources, nsGroups)
+}
+
+type dbStats struct {
+	xactCommit  int64
+	tupReturned int64
+	tupFetched  int64
+	blksRead    int64
+	blksHit     int64
+}
+
+func snapshotDBStats(ctx context.Context, conn *pgx.Conn) (dbStats, error) {
+	var s dbStats
+	err := conn.QueryRow(ctx, `select xact_commit, tup_returned, tup_fetched, blks_read, blks_hit
+		from pg_stat_database where datname = current_database()`).
+		Scan(&s.xactCommit, &s.tupReturned, &s.tupFetched, &s.blksRead, &s.blksHit)
+	return s, err
+}
+
+type queryCountTracer struct {
+	queries atomic.Int64
+}
+
+func (t *queryCountTracer) TraceQueryStart(ctx context.Context, _ *pgx.Conn, _ pgx.TraceQueryStartData) context.Context {
+	t.queries.Add(1)
+	return ctx
+}
+
+func (t *queryCountTracer) TraceQueryEnd(context.Context, *pgx.Conn, pgx.TraceQueryEndData) {}
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/component_types.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/component_types.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a584b59af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/component_types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package legacynmap
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// ComponentPeer is the self-contained peer representation used by
+// NetworkMapComponents and the calculated NetworkMap. It carries exactly the
+// subset of peer data that crosses the components wire format, so the shared
+// calculation layer stays independent of the management server's domain
+// types.
+type ComponentPeer struct {
+	ID                     string
+	Key                    string
+	IP                     netip.Addr
+	IPv6                   netip.Addr
+	DNSLabel               string
+	SSHKey                 string
+	SSHEnabled             bool
+	ServerSSHAllowed       bool
+	AgentVersion           string
+	SupportsSourcePrefixes bool
+	SupportsIPv6           bool
+	LoginExpirationEnabled bool
+	AddedWithSSOLogin      bool
+	LastLogin              time.Time
+	// ProxyEmbedded marks an ephemeral embedded proxy peer. Connections
+	// involving such a peer on either endpoint default to lazy.
+	ProxyEmbedded bool
+}
+
+// FQDN returns the peer's FQDN combined of the peer's DNS label and the system's DNS domain.
+func (p *ComponentPeer) FQDN(dnsDomain string) string {
+	if dnsDomain == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return p.DNSLabel + "." + dnsDomain
+}
+
+// LoginExpired indicates whether the peer's login has expired, mirroring the
+// server-side peer semantics: only SSO-added peers with login expiration
+// enabled can expire.
+func (p *ComponentPeer) LoginExpired(expiresIn time.Duration) (bool, time.Duration) {
+	if !p.AddedWithSSOLogin || !p.LoginExpirationEnabled {
+		return false, 0
+	}
+	timeLeft := time.Until(p.LastLogin.Add(expiresIn))
+	return timeLeft <= 0, timeLeft
+}
+
+// GroupAllName is the reserved name of the default group that contains every peer in an account.
+const GroupAllName = "All"
+
+// ComponentGroup is the self-contained group representation used by
+// NetworkMapComponents: just the membership view the network-map calculation
+// needs, without the server's storage fields.
+type ComponentGroup struct {
+	ID       string
+	PublicID string
+	Name     string
+	Peers    []string
+}
+
+// IsGroupAll checks if the group is a default "All" group.
+func (g *ComponentGroup) IsGroupAll() bool {
+	return g.Name == GroupAllName
+}
+
+// ComponentRouter is the self-contained network-router representation used by
+// NetworkMapComponents.
+type ComponentRouter struct {
+	NetworkID  string
+	PublicID   string
+	Peer       string
+	PeerGroups []string
+	Masquerade bool
+	Metric     int
+	Enabled    bool
+}
+
+// ComponentResourceType mirrors the network-resource type enum on the
+// components wire format.
+type ComponentResourceType string
+
+const (
+	ComponentResourceHost   ComponentResourceType = "host"
+	ComponentResourceSubnet ComponentResourceType = "subnet"
+	ComponentResourceDomain ComponentResourceType = "domain"
+)
+
+// ComponentResource is the self-contained network-resource representation
+// used by NetworkMapComponents.
+type ComponentResource struct {
+	ID          string
+	PublicID    string
+	NetworkID   string
+	AccountID   string
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	Type        ComponentResourceType
+	Address     string
+	Domain      string
+	Prefix      netip.Prefix
+	Enabled     bool
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/converters.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/converters.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..34e709413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/converters.go
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package legacynmap
+
+import (
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+// NetworkMap is main's shape. It is copied rather than aliased because this
+// branch's NetworkMap dropped ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution, which main threads
+// into PeerConfig.RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled.
+type NetworkMap struct {
+	Peers               []*ComponentPeer
+	Network             *Network
+	Routes              []*route.Route
+	DNSConfig           nbdns.Config
+	OfflinePeers        []*ComponentPeer
+	FirewallRules       []*FirewallRule
+	RoutesFirewallRules []*RouteFirewallRule
+	ForwardingRules     []*ForwardingRule
+	AuthorizedUsers     map[string]map[string]struct{}
+	EnableSSH           bool
+	// ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution forces the peer to run/use routing-peer DNS
+	// resolution regardless of the account-global setting, for reverse-proxy
+	// domain targets.
+	ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution bool
+}
+
+// The ToComponent converters below are main's methods, re-expressed as free
+// functions because their receivers live in packages this one cannot extend.
+// Bodies are otherwise unchanged.
+
+func peerToComponent(p *nbpeer.Peer) *ComponentPeer {
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cp := &ComponentPeer{
+		ID:                     p.ID,
+		Key:                    p.Key,
+		IP:                     p.IP,
+		IPv6:                   p.IPv6,
+		DNSLabel:               p.DNSLabel,
+		SSHKey:                 p.SSHKey,
+		SSHEnabled:             p.SSHEnabled,
+		ServerSSHAllowed:       p.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed,
+		AgentVersion:           p.Meta.WtVersion,
+		SupportsSourcePrefixes: p.SupportsSourcePrefixes(),
+		SupportsIPv6:           p.SupportsIPv6(),
+		LoginExpirationEnabled: p.LoginExpirationEnabled,
+		AddedWithSSOLogin:      p.AddedWithSSOLogin(),
+		ProxyEmbedded:          p.ProxyMeta.Embedded,
+	}
+	if p.LastLogin != nil {
+		cp.LastLogin = *p.LastLogin
+	}
+	return cp
+}
+
+func groupToComponent(g *Group) *ComponentGroup {
+	if g == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &ComponentGroup{
+		ID:       g.ID,
+		PublicID: g.PublicID,
+		Name:     g.Name,
+		Peers:    g.Peers,
+	}
+}
+
+func groupsToComponent(groups map[string]*Group) map[string]*ComponentGroup {
+	if groups == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]*ComponentGroup, len(groups))
+	for id, g := range groups {
+		out[id] = groupToComponent(g)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func routerToComponent(n *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) *ComponentRouter {
+	if n == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &ComponentRouter{
+		NetworkID:  n.NetworkID,
+		PublicID:   n.PublicID,
+		Peer:       n.Peer,
+		PeerGroups: n.PeerGroups,
+		Masquerade: n.Masquerade,
+		Metric:     n.Metric,
+		Enabled:    n.Enabled,
+	}
+}
+
+func routersToComponentMap(routers map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter) map[string]*ComponentRouter {
+	if routers == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]*ComponentRouter, len(routers))
+	for id, r := range routers {
+		out[id] = routerToComponent(r)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func resourceToComponent(n *resourceTypes.NetworkResource) *ComponentResource {
+	if n == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &ComponentResource{
+		ID:          n.ID,
+		PublicID:    n.PublicID,
+		NetworkID:   n.NetworkID,
+		AccountID:   n.AccountID,
+		Name:        n.Name,
+		Description: n.Description,
+		Type:        ComponentResourceType(n.Type),
+		Address:     n.Address,
+		Domain:      n.Domain,
+		Prefix:      n.Prefix,
+		Enabled:     n.Enabled,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/copied_funcs.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/copied_funcs.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4477967f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/copied_funcs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+package legacynmap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones/records"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	nbroute "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+)
+
+func GenerateRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, route *nbroute.Route, rule *PolicyRule, groupPeers []*ComponentPeer, direction int, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	rulesExists := make(map[string]struct{})
+	rules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
+
+	v4Sources, v6Sources := splitPeerSourcesByFamily(groupPeers)
+
+	isV6Route := route.Network.Addr().Is6()
+
+	// Skip v6 destination routes entirely for peers without IPv6 support
+	if isV6Route && !includeIPv6 {
+		return rules
+	}
+
+	// Pick sources matching the destination family
+	sourceRanges := v4Sources
+	if isV6Route {
+		sourceRanges = v6Sources
+	}
+
+	baseRule := RouteFirewallRule{
+		PolicyID:     rule.PolicyID,
+		RouteID:      route.ID,
+		SourceRanges: sourceRanges,
+		Action:       string(rule.Action),
+		Destination:  route.Network.String(),
+		Protocol:     string(rule.Protocol),
+		Domains:      route.Domains,
+		IsDynamic:    route.IsDynamic(),
+	}
+
+	if len(rule.Ports) == 0 {
+		rules = append(rules, generateRulesWithPortRanges(baseRule, rule, rulesExists)...)
+	} else {
+		rules = append(rules, generateRulesWithPorts(ctx, baseRule, rule, rulesExists)...)
+	}
+
+	// Generate v6 counterpart for dynamic routes and 0.0.0.0/0 exit node routes.
+	isDefaultV4 := !isV6Route && route.Network.Bits() == 0
+	if includeIPv6 && (route.IsDynamic() || isDefaultV4) && len(v6Sources) > 0 {
+		v6Rule := baseRule
+		v6Rule.SourceRanges = v6Sources
+		if isDefaultV4 {
+			v6Rule.Destination = "::/0"
+			v6Rule.RouteID = route.ID + "-v6-default"
+		}
+		if len(rule.Ports) == 0 {
+			rules = append(rules, generateRulesWithPortRanges(v6Rule, rule, rulesExists)...)
+		} else {
+			rules = append(rules, generateRulesWithPorts(ctx, v6Rule, rule, rulesExists)...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return rules
+}
+
+func filterPeerAppliedZones(ctx context.Context, accountZones []*zones.Zone, peerGroups LookupMap) []nbdns.CustomZone {
+	var customZones []nbdns.CustomZone
+
+	if len(peerGroups) == 0 {
+		return customZones
+	}
+
+	for _, zone := range accountZones {
+		if !zone.Enabled || len(zone.Records) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		hasAccess := false
+		for _, distGroupID := range zone.DistributionGroups {
+			if _, found := peerGroups[distGroupID]; found {
+				hasAccess = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !hasAccess {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		simpleRecords := make([]nbdns.SimpleRecord, 0, len(zone.Records))
+		for _, record := range zone.Records {
+			var recordType int
+			rData := record.Content
+
+			switch record.Type {
+			case records.RecordTypeA:
+				recordType = int(dns.TypeA)
+			case records.RecordTypeAAAA:
+				recordType = int(dns.TypeAAAA)
+			case records.RecordTypeCNAME:
+				recordType = int(dns.TypeCNAME)
+				rData = dns.Fqdn(record.Content)
+			default:
+				log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("unknown DNS record type %s for record %s", record.Type, record.ID)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			simpleRecords = append(simpleRecords, nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+				Name:  dns.Fqdn(record.Name),
+				Type:  recordType,
+				Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+				TTL:   record.TTL,
+				RData: rData,
+			})
+		}
+
+		customZones = append(customZones, nbdns.CustomZone{
+			Domain:               dns.Fqdn(zone.Domain),
+			Records:              simpleRecords,
+			SearchDomainDisabled: !zone.EnableSearchDomain,
+			NonAuthoritative:     true,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return customZones
+}
+
+func getAllowedUserIDs(a *Account) map[string]struct{} {
+	users := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, nbUser := range a.Users {
+		if !nbUser.IsBlocked() && !nbUser.IsServiceUser {
+			users[nbUser.Id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return users
+}
+
+func getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(a *Account, ctx context.Context, groups []string) []string {
+	peerIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groups)) // we expect at least one peer per group as initial capacity
+	for _, groupID := range groups {
+		group := a.GetGroup(groupID)
+		if group == nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("group %s doesn't exist under account %s, will continue map generation without it", groupID, a.Id)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if group.IsGroupAll() || len(groups) == 1 {
+			return group.Peers
+		}
+
+		for _, peerID := range group.Peers {
+			peerIDs[peerID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(peerIDs))
+	for peerID := range peerIDs {
+		ids = append(ids, peerID)
+	}
+
+	return ids
+}
+
+func forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution(a *Account, peerID string, routers map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter) bool {
+	targeted := proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs(a)
+	if len(targeted) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, resource := range a.NetworkResources {
+		if resource == nil || !resource.Enabled || resource.Type != resourceTypes.Domain {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := targeted[resource.ID]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, isRouter := routers[resource.NetworkID][peerID]; isRouter {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+func proxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs(a *Account) map[string]struct{} {
+	ids := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, svc := range a.Services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled || svc.Terminated {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, target := range svc.Targets {
+			if target == nil || !target.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			if target.TargetType == service.TargetTypeDomain {
+				ids[target.TargetId] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func splitPeerSourcesByFamily(groupPeers []*ComponentPeer) (v4, v6 []string) {
+	v4 = make([]string, 0, len(groupPeers))
+	v6 = make([]string, 0, len(groupPeers))
+	for _, peer := range groupPeers {
+		if peer == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		v4 = append(v4, fmt.Sprintf(AllowedIPsFormat, peer.IP))
+		if peer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+			v6 = append(v6, fmt.Sprintf(AllowedIPsV6Format, peer.IPv6))
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func generateRulesWithPortRanges(baseRule RouteFirewallRule, rule *PolicyRule, rulesExists map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	rules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
+
+	ruleIDBase := generateRuleIDBase(rule, baseRule)
+	if len(rule.Ports) == 0 {
+		if len(rule.PortRanges) == 0 {
+			if _, ok := rulesExists[ruleIDBase]; !ok {
+				rulesExists[ruleIDBase] = struct{}{}
+				rules = append(rules, &baseRule)
+			}
+		} else {
+			for _, portRange := range rule.PortRanges {
+				ruleID := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d-%d", ruleIDBase, portRange.Start, portRange.End)
+				if _, ok := rulesExists[ruleID]; !ok {
+					rulesExists[ruleID] = struct{}{}
+					pr := baseRule
+					pr.PortRange = portRange
+					rules = append(rules, &pr)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return rules
+	}
+
+	return rules
+}
+
+func generateRulesWithPorts(ctx context.Context, baseRule RouteFirewallRule, rule *PolicyRule, rulesExists map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	rules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
+	ruleIDBase := generateRuleIDBase(rule, baseRule)
+
+	for _, port := range rule.Ports {
+		ruleID := ruleIDBase + port
+		if _, ok := rulesExists[ruleID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		rulesExists[ruleID] = struct{}{}
+
+		pr := baseRule
+		p, err := strconv.ParseUint(port, 10, 16)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to parse port %s for rule: %s", port, rule.ID)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		pr.Port = uint16(p)
+		rules = append(rules, &pr)
+	}
+
+	return rules
+}
+
+func generateRuleIDBase(rule *PolicyRule, baseRule RouteFirewallRule) string {
+	return rule.ID + strings.Join(baseRule.SourceRanges, ",") + strconv.Itoa(FirewallRuleDirectionIN) + baseRule.Protocol + baseRule.Action
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/doc.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/doc.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0b0ecd11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/doc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Package legacynmap is a frozen copy of main's Account → NetworkMapComponents
+// → NetworkMap → proto path. It exists only to measure this tree against main:
+// the proto-equivalence test runs it over a production database copy, and the
+// nmaptest golden suite runs it as a third mode so every case pins all three
+// shapes to one expectation.
+//
+// It lives in its own package so it cannot reach this tree's unexported
+// helpers — a divergence can therefore never be hidden by the two sides
+// sharing code. Nothing in production imports it.
+//
+// Types are aliased rather than copied where they are byte-identical between
+// main and this branch. Anything that drifted is copied instead; see
+// converters.go and copied_funcs.go.
+//
+// Delete this package once the nmdata refactor is validated.
+package legacynmap
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/equivalence_test.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/equivalence_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d12e666b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/equivalence_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+//go:build nmapequiv
+
+// Main-vs-branch equivalence check. For every peer of every account in a real
+// Postgres copy it computes the client-facing proto.NetworkMap twice:
+//
+//   - legacy path:  main's Account → NetworkMapComponents → Calculate → proto
+//     (the frozen copy in this package)
+//   - store path:   the pgsql nmdata store's NetworkMapData → components →
+//     Calculate → ToSyncResponse → proto (no Account involved)
+//   - account path: Account → toNetworkMapData twins → components → Calculate
+//     → ToSyncResponse → proto (the in-memory builder, no store queries)
+//
+// Both new paths are checked against the legacy proto.
+//
+// proto.NetworkMap is generated code identical in both trees, which is what
+// makes it the one usable comparison surface — the intermediate Go types differ
+// by design. proto.Equal would trip over repeated-field ordering, so both sides
+// are canonicalized first.
+//
+//	NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN='...' go test -tags nmapequiv \
+//	  -run TestNetworkMapProtoEquivalence -count=1 -timeout 60m \
+//	  ./management/server/types/legacynmap/
+//
+// Accounts are loaded one at a time and released between iterations, so peak
+// memory tracks the largest single account rather than the whole database.
+//
+// Env knobs: NETMAP_ACCOUNTS (comma-separated ids, skips discovery),
+// NETMAP_MAX_ACCOUNTS (0 = all), NETMAP_MAX_PEERS (0 = all). Fails at the
+// first divergence.
+package legacynmap_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"cmp"
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"slices"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/prototext"
+	goproto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	gormlogger "gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
+	networkmapdb "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db"
+	networkmap_pgsql "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/network_map_db/pgsql"
+	mgmtgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/settings"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types/legacynmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+const (
+	equivDNSName  = "netbird.cloud"
+	progressEvery = 5000
+)
+
+type equivStats struct {
+	accounts     int
+	peersChecked int
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapProtoEquivalence(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("prod-db equivalence test, skipped in short mode")
+	}
+	dsn := equivDSN()
+	if dsn == "" {
+		t.Skip("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN not set")
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	// skipMigration=true: this reads a restored production copy and must not
+	// alter its schema. Flip to false only if reads fail on an older dump.
+	testStore, err := store.NewPostgresqlStore(ctx, dsn, nil, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "connect to postgres")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { testStore.Close(ctx) })
+
+	pgStore, err := networkmap_pgsql.NewPostgresqlStore(ctx, dsn)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "connect nmdata store")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { pgStore.Pool.Close() })
+	nmStore := nmDataStore(t, pgStore)
+
+	accountIDs := equivAccountIDs(t, dsn)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, accountIDs, "no accounts selected")
+
+	stats := &equivStats{accounts: len(accountIDs)}
+	maxPeers := envInt("NETMAP_MAX_PEERS", 0)
+
+	for i, accountID := range accountIDs {
+		account, err := testStore.GetAccount(ctx, accountID)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Logf("account %s: load failed, skipping: %v", accountID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		checkAccount(ctx, t, testStore, nmStore, account, maxPeers, stats)
+
+		account = nil
+		debug.FreeOSMemory()
+
+		if i%progressEvery == 0 {
+			var ms runtime.MemStats
+			runtime.ReadMemStats(&ms)
+			t.Logf("progress: accounts=%d/%d peers_checked=%d heap=%dMiB", i, len(accountIDs), stats.peersChecked, ms.HeapAlloc>>20)
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("equivalence: accounts=%d peers_checked=%d — no divergence",
+		stats.accounts, stats.peersChecked)
+}
+
+// checkAccount compares both paths for every peer of one account. Nothing is
+// retained across peers, so memory stays flat within an account.
+func checkAccount(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, accountStore store.Store, nmStore *networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl, account *types.Account, maxPeers int, stats *equivStats) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if len(account.Peers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	nmData, err := nmStore.GetNetworkMapData(ctx, account.Id)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "account %s: nmdata store load", account.Id)
+
+	validated := make(map[string]struct{}, len(account.Peers))
+	peerIDs := make([]string, 0, len(account.Peers))
+	for peerID := range account.Peers {
+		validated[peerID] = struct{}{}
+		peerIDs = append(peerIDs, peerID)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(peerIDs)
+	if maxPeers > 0 && len(peerIDs) > maxPeers {
+		peerIDs = peerIDs[:maxPeers]
+	}
+
+	// Production fills ValidatedPeers via the integrated-validator wrapper; here
+	// every peer counts as validated, matching the legacy side's map.
+	nmData.ValidatedPeers = validated
+
+	// Custom DNS zones are built twice from the same rows — the account side
+	// from the zones manager, the store side in SQL — so both are fed in and
+	// compared rather than dropped. The same goes for the peers zone below:
+	// each side computes it with its own helper, which is where an AAAA gate
+	// that disagrees between the two would show up.
+	accountZones, err := accountStore.GetAccountZones(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "account %s: load account zones", account.Id)
+
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupUsers := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+
+	// The reverse-proxy ACLs are synthesised, never persisted. Both new paths
+	// derive them inside the twin; main derived them in the controller, onto
+	// the account, before the resource-policy map. The legacy side therefore
+	// runs on its own view of the policies — a shallow copy so the account the
+	// other two paths read stays untouched and cannot double-count them.
+	legacyAccount := *account
+	if synth := legacynmap.SynthesizeProxyPolicies(account); len(synth) > 0 {
+		legacyAccount.Policies = append(slices.Clone(account.Policies), synth...)
+	}
+	legacyResourcePolicies := legacyAccount.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+
+	settings := account.Settings
+	if settings == nil {
+		settings = &types.Settings{}
+	}
+
+	accountPeersZone := account.GetPeersCustomZone(ctx, equivDNSName)
+	storePeersZone := networkmap.PeersCustomZone(ctx, account.Id, equivDNSName, nmData.Peers, controller.IPv6AllowedPeersFromData(nmData))
+
+	for _, peerID := range peerIDs {
+		peer := account.Peers[peerID]
+		if peer == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		dataPeer := nmData.Peers[peerID]
+		if dataPeer == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("after %d peers: account=%s peer=%s present in account store, missing in nmdata store", stats.peersChecked, account.Id, peerID)
+		}
+
+		// STORE PATH — nmdata store through the production computation, mirroring
+		// the controller's networkMapFromData.
+		components := nmData.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(peerID, storePeersZone)
+		storeNM := &types.NetworkMap{Network: components.Network}
+		if !components.IsEmpty() {
+			storeNM = types.CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
+		}
+		// A separate cache per side: sharing one would let the first path
+		// populate entries the second then reuses, which can mask a real diff.
+		storeProto := mgmtgrpc.ToSyncResponse(
+			ctx, nil, nil, nil, dataPeer, nil, nil, storeNM, equivDNSName, nil,
+			&cache.DNSConfigCache{}, nmData.AccountSettings, settings.Extra, nil, 0,
+		).NetworkMap
+
+		// ACCOUNT PATH — Account → toNetworkMapData twins → components.
+		acctNM := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
+			ctx, peerID, accountPeersZone, accountZones, validated, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupUsers,
+		)
+		acctProto := mgmtgrpc.ToSyncResponse(
+			ctx, nil, nil, nil, types.TwinPeer(peer), nil, nil, acctNM, equivDNSName, nil,
+			&cache.DNSConfigCache{}, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), settings.Extra, nil, 0,
+		).NetworkMap
+
+		// LEGACY PATH — main's frozen copy.
+		legacyNM := legacynmap.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
+			&legacyAccount, ctx, peerID, accountPeersZone, accountZones, validated, legacyResourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupUsers,
+		)
+		if legacyNM == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("after %d peers: account=%s peer=%s legacy NetworkMap nil, new non-nil", stats.peersChecked, account.Id, peerID)
+		}
+		legacyProto := legacynmap.ToProtoNetworkMap(
+			ctx, peer, legacyNM, equivDNSName, settings, nil, &cache.DNSConfigCache{}, 0,
+		)
+
+		canonicalize(legacyProto)
+		canonicalize(storeProto)
+		canonicalize(acctProto)
+		stats.peersChecked++
+
+		if !goproto.Equal(legacyProto, storeProto) {
+			t.Fatalf("after %d peers: store path: %s", stats.peersChecked, describeDivergence(legacyProto, storeProto, account.Id, peerID))
+		}
+		if !goproto.Equal(legacyProto, acctProto) {
+			t.Fatalf("after %d peers: account path: %s", stats.peersChecked, describeDivergence(legacyProto, acctProto, account.Id, peerID))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// nmDataStore wraps a raw connection store the way production's factory does.
+// The validator marks every peer validated and the extra settings are empty:
+// checkAccount overwrites ValidatedPeers anyway, and neither reaches the
+// compared network map.
+func nmDataStore(tb testing.TB, s networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStore) *networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl {
+	tb.Helper()
+
+	extraSettings := settings.NewMockManager(gomock.NewController(tb))
+	extraSettings.EXPECT().GetExtraSettings(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(&types.ExtraSettings{}, nil).AnyTimes()
+
+	return &networkmapdb.NetworkMapDBStoreImpl{
+		Store:                   s,
+		IntegratedPeerValidator: &validator.IntegratedValidatorImpl{},
+		ExtraSettingsManager:    extraSettings,
+	}
+}
+
+func equivDSN() string {
+	if dsn := os.Getenv("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN"); dsn != "" {
+		return dsn
+	}
+	return os.Getenv("NB_STORE_ENGINE_POSTGRES_DSN")
+}
+
+// equivAccountIDs lists account ids with an id-only query. store.GetAllAccounts
+// would hydrate every account in the database before the first comparison runs.
+// Sorting happens in Go so the order does not depend on database collation.
+func equivAccountIDs(t *testing.T, dsn string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if ids := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("NETMAP_ACCOUNTS")); ids != "" {
+		var out []string
+		for _, id := range strings.Split(ids, ",") {
+			if id = strings.TrimSpace(id); id != "" {
+				out = append(out, id)
+			}
+		}
+		sort.Strings(out)
+		return out
+	}
+
+	db, err := gorm.Open(postgres.Open(dsn), &gorm.Config{Logger: gormlogger.Discard})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "open id-listing connection")
+	defer func() {
+		if sqlDB, err := db.DB(); err == nil {
+			sqlDB.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var ids []string
+	require.NoError(t, db.Model(&types.Account{}).Pluck("id", &ids).Error)
+	sort.Strings(ids)
+
+	if max := envInt("NETMAP_MAX_ACCOUNTS", 0); max > 0 && len(ids) > max {
+		ids = ids[:max]
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func envInt(name string, def int) int {
+	if v := os.Getenv(name); v != "" {
+		if n, err := strconv.Atoi(v); err == nil {
+			return n
+		}
+	}
+	return def
+}
+
+// canonicalize sorts every repeated field by a stable key. Both paths iterate Go
+// maps while building these slices, so order can differ even when the content is
+// identical; without this proto.Equal reports noise.
+func canonicalize(nm *proto.NetworkMap) {
+	if nm == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.RemotePeers, cmpRemotePeer)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.OfflinePeers, cmpRemotePeer)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.Routes, cmpRoute)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.FirewallRules, cmpFirewallRule)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.RoutesFirewallRules, cmpRouteFirewallRule)
+	slices.SortFunc(nm.ForwardingRules, cmpForwardingRule)
+
+	for _, r := range nm.FirewallRules {
+		slices.SortFunc(r.SourcePrefixes, bytes.Compare)
+	}
+	for _, r := range nm.RoutesFirewallRules {
+		slices.Sort(r.SourceRanges)
+	}
+	canonicalizeDNSConfig(nm.DNSConfig)
+	canonicalizeSSHAuth(nm.SshAuth)
+}
+
+func canonicalizeDNSConfig(d *proto.DNSConfig) {
+	if d == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, g := range d.NameServerGroups {
+		if g == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		slices.Sort(g.Domains)
+		slices.SortFunc(g.NameServers, func(a, b *proto.NameServer) int {
+			if a == nil || b == nil {
+				return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+			}
+			if c := cmp.Compare(a.IP, b.IP); c != 0 {
+				return c
+			}
+			if c := cmp.Compare(a.Port, b.Port); c != 0 {
+				return c
+			}
+			return cmp.Compare(a.NSType, b.NSType)
+		})
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(d.NameServerGroups, func(a, b *proto.NameServerGroup) int {
+		return cmp.Compare(nsgKey(a), nsgKey(b))
+	})
+	for _, z := range d.CustomZones {
+		if z == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		slices.SortFunc(z.Records, cmpSimpleRecord)
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(d.CustomZones, func(a, b *proto.CustomZone) int {
+		if a == nil || b == nil {
+			return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+		}
+		return cmp.Compare(a.Domain, b.Domain)
+	})
+}
+
+// canonicalizeSSHAuth sorts AuthorizedUsers and re-keys MachineUsers.Indexes
+// against the new ordering, preserving which machine user maps to which hashes.
+func canonicalizeSSHAuth(s *proto.SSHAuth) {
+	if s == nil || len(s.AuthorizedUsers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	type hashed struct {
+		bytes []byte
+		old   uint32
+	}
+	entries := make([]hashed, len(s.AuthorizedUsers))
+	for i, b := range s.AuthorizedUsers {
+		entries[i] = hashed{bytes: b, old: uint32(i)}
+	}
+	slices.SortFunc(entries, func(a, b hashed) int { return bytes.Compare(a.bytes, b.bytes) })
+
+	remap := make(map[uint32]uint32, len(entries))
+	sorted := make([][]byte, len(entries))
+	for newIdx, e := range entries {
+		remap[e.old] = uint32(newIdx)
+		sorted[newIdx] = e.bytes
+	}
+	s.AuthorizedUsers = sorted
+
+	for _, mu := range s.MachineUsers {
+		if mu == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for i, oldIdx := range mu.Indexes {
+			if newIdx, ok := remap[oldIdx]; ok {
+				mu.Indexes[i] = newIdx
+			}
+		}
+		slices.Sort(mu.Indexes)
+	}
+}
+
+func boolCmp(a, b bool) int {
+	if a == b {
+		return 0
+	}
+	if a {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return -1
+}
+
+func nsgKey(g *proto.NameServerGroup) string {
+	if g == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var parts []string
+	for _, ns := range g.NameServers {
+		if ns == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, ns.IP+":"+strconv.FormatInt(ns.Port, 10)+":"+strconv.FormatInt(ns.NSType, 10))
+	}
+	slices.Sort(parts)
+	key := strings.Join(parts, ",")
+	domains := append([]string(nil), g.Domains...)
+	slices.Sort(domains)
+	key += "|" + strings.Join(domains, "|")
+	if g.Primary {
+		key += "|P"
+	}
+	if g.SearchDomainsEnabled {
+		key += "|S"
+	}
+	return key
+}
+
+func cmpSimpleRecord(a, b *proto.SimpleRecord) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Name, b.Name); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Type, b.Type); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Class, b.Class); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.RData, b.RData); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return cmp.Compare(a.TTL, b.TTL)
+}
+
+func cmpRemotePeer(a, b *proto.RemotePeerConfig) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	return cmp.Compare(a.WgPubKey, b.WgPubKey)
+}
+
+func cmpRoute(a, b *proto.Route) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.ID, b.ID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.NetID, b.NetID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Network, b.Network); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Peer, b.Peer); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Metric, b.Metric); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return slices.Compare(a.Domains, b.Domains)
+}
+
+func cmpFirewallRule(a, b *proto.FirewallRule) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := bytes.Compare(a.PolicyID, b.PolicyID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.PeerIP, b.PeerIP); c != 0 { //nolint:staticcheck
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Direction), int32(b.Direction)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Action), int32(b.Action)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Protocol), int32(b.Protocol)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Port, b.Port); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return cmp.Compare(portInfoKey(a.PortInfo), portInfoKey(b.PortInfo))
+}
+
+func cmpRouteFirewallRule(a, b *proto.RouteFirewallRule) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := bytes.Compare(a.PolicyID, b.PolicyID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.RouteID, b.RouteID); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.Destination, b.Destination); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Protocol), int32(b.Protocol)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(portInfoKey(a.PortInfo), portInfoKey(b.PortInfo)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Action), int32(b.Action)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := slices.Compare(a.Domains, b.Domains); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := slices.Compare(a.SourceRanges, b.SourceRanges); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(a.CustomProtocol, b.CustomProtocol); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return boolCmp(a.IsDynamic, b.IsDynamic)
+}
+
+func cmpForwardingRule(a, b *proto.ForwardingRule) int {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return boolCmp(a == nil, b == nil)
+	}
+	if c := cmp.Compare(int32(a.Protocol), int32(b.Protocol)); c != 0 {
+		return c
+	}
+	return bytes.Compare(a.TranslatedAddress, b.TranslatedAddress)
+}
+
+func portInfoKey(pi *proto.PortInfo) string {
+	if pi == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	switch sel := pi.PortSelection.(type) {
+	case *proto.PortInfo_Port:
+		return "P" + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(sel.Port), 10)
+	case *proto.PortInfo_Range_:
+		if sel.Range == nil {
+			return "R"
+		}
+		return "R" + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(sel.Range.Start), 10) + "-" + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(sel.Range.End), 10)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// describeDivergence names the first differing field so a failure is actionable
+// without re-running against the database.
+func describeDivergence(legacy, updated *proto.NetworkMap, accountID, peerID string) string {
+	prefix := "account=" + accountID + " peer=" + peerID
+
+	lens := []struct {
+		field string
+		a, b  int
+		diff  func() string
+	}{
+		{"RemotePeers", len(legacy.RemotePeers), len(updated.RemotePeers), func() string { return diffLists(legacy.RemotePeers, updated.RemotePeers) }},
+		{"OfflinePeers", len(legacy.OfflinePeers), len(updated.OfflinePeers), func() string { return diffLists(legacy.OfflinePeers, updated.OfflinePeers) }},
+		{"Routes", len(legacy.Routes), len(updated.Routes), func() string { return diffLists(legacy.Routes, updated.Routes) }},
+		{"FirewallRules", len(legacy.FirewallRules), len(updated.FirewallRules), func() string { return diffLists(legacy.FirewallRules, updated.FirewallRules) }},
+		{"RoutesFirewallRules", len(legacy.RoutesFirewallRules), len(updated.RoutesFirewallRules), func() string { return diffLists(legacy.RoutesFirewallRules, updated.RoutesFirewallRules) }},
+		{"ForwardingRules", len(legacy.ForwardingRules), len(updated.ForwardingRules), func() string { return diffLists(legacy.ForwardingRules, updated.ForwardingRules) }},
+	}
+	for _, l := range lens {
+		if l.a != l.b {
+			return prefix + " field=" + l.field + " legacy_len=" + strconv.Itoa(l.a) + " new_len=" + strconv.Itoa(l.b) + l.diff()
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i := range legacy.RemotePeers {
+		if !goproto.Equal(legacy.RemotePeers[i], updated.RemotePeers[i]) {
+			return prefix + " field=RemotePeers[" + strconv.Itoa(i) + "] legacy=" + protoStr(legacy.RemotePeers[i]) + " new=" + protoStr(updated.RemotePeers[i])
+		}
+	}
+	for i := range legacy.Routes {
+		if !goproto.Equal(legacy.Routes[i], updated.Routes[i]) {
+			return prefix + " field=Routes[" + strconv.Itoa(i) + "] legacy=" + protoStr(legacy.Routes[i]) + " new=" + protoStr(updated.Routes[i])
+		}
+	}
+	for i := range legacy.FirewallRules {
+		if !goproto.Equal(legacy.FirewallRules[i], updated.FirewallRules[i]) {
+			return prefix + " field=FirewallRules[" + strconv.Itoa(i) + "] legacy=" + protoStr(legacy.FirewallRules[i]) + " new=" + protoStr(updated.FirewallRules[i])
+		}
+	}
+	for i := range legacy.RoutesFirewallRules {
+		if !goproto.Equal(legacy.RoutesFirewallRules[i], updated.RoutesFirewallRules[i]) {
+			return prefix + " field=RoutesFirewallRules[" + strconv.Itoa(i) + "] legacy=" + protoStr(legacy.RoutesFirewallRules[i]) + " new=" + protoStr(updated.RoutesFirewallRules[i])
+		}
+	}
+	if !goproto.Equal(legacy.PeerConfig, updated.PeerConfig) {
+		return prefix + " field=PeerConfig legacy=" + protoStr(legacy.PeerConfig) + " new=" + protoStr(updated.PeerConfig)
+	}
+	if !goproto.Equal(legacy.DNSConfig, updated.DNSConfig) {
+		return prefix + " field=DNSConfig legacy=" + protoStr(legacy.DNSConfig) + " new=" + protoStr(updated.DNSConfig)
+	}
+	if !goproto.Equal(legacy.SshAuth, updated.SshAuth) {
+		return prefix + " field=SshAuth legacy=" + protoStr(legacy.SshAuth) + " new=" + protoStr(updated.SshAuth)
+	}
+	if legacy.Serial != updated.Serial {
+		return prefix + " field=Serial legacy=" + strconv.FormatUint(legacy.Serial, 10) + " new=" + strconv.FormatUint(updated.Serial, 10)
+	}
+	return prefix + " (repeated fields equal element-wise — scalar/oneof mismatch)"
+}
+
+// diffLists reports the multiset difference of two repeated proto fields, so a
+// length mismatch shows which elements each side is missing.
+func diffLists[M goproto.Message](legacy, updated []M) string {
+	counts := make(map[string]int)
+	for _, m := range legacy {
+		counts[prototext.MarshalOptions{}.Format(m)]++
+	}
+	for _, m := range updated {
+		counts[prototext.MarshalOptions{}.Format(m)]--
+	}
+
+	var onlyLegacy, onlyNew []string
+	for k, c := range counts {
+		for ; c > 0; c-- {
+			onlyLegacy = append(onlyLegacy, k)
+		}
+		for ; c < 0; c++ {
+			onlyNew = append(onlyNew, k)
+		}
+	}
+	slices.Sort(onlyLegacy)
+	slices.Sort(onlyNew)
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, k := range onlyLegacy {
+		b.WriteString("\n  only_legacy: " + k)
+	}
+	for _, k := range onlyNew {
+		b.WriteString("\n  only_new: " + k)
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+func protoStr(m goproto.Message) string {
+	if m == nil {
+		return "<nil>"
+	}
+	s := prototext.Format(m)
+	const maxLen = 800
+	if len(s) > maxLen {
+		return s[:maxLen] + "...(truncated)"
+	}
+	return s
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/firewall_helpers.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/firewall_helpers.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d78690f3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/firewall_helpers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+package legacynmap
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	v "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+)
+
+const (
+	firewallRuleMinPortRangesVer = "0.48.0"
+	firewallRuleMinNativeSSHVer  = "0.60.0"
+
+	nativeSSHPortString  = "22022"
+	nativeSSHPortNumber  = 22022
+	defaultSSHPortString = "22"
+	defaultSSHPortNumber = 22
+)
+
+type supportedFeatures struct {
+	nativeSSH  bool
+	portRanges bool
+}
+
+type LookupMap map[string]struct{}
+
+func PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule *PolicyRule) bool {
+	return rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolALL || (rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolTCP && (portsIncludesSSH(rule.Ports) || portRangeIncludesSSH(rule.PortRanges)))
+}
+
+func portRangeIncludesSSH(portRanges []RulePortRange) bool {
+	for _, pr := range portRanges {
+		if (pr.Start <= defaultSSHPortNumber && pr.End >= defaultSSHPortNumber) || (pr.Start <= nativeSSHPortNumber && pr.End >= nativeSSHPortNumber) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func portsIncludesSSH(ports []string) bool {
+	for _, port := range ports {
+		if port == defaultSSHPortString || port == nativeSSHPortString {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// ExpandPortsAndRanges expands Ports and PortRanges of a rule into individual firewall rules.
+func ExpandPortsAndRanges(base FirewallRule, rule *PolicyRule, peer *ComponentPeer) []*FirewallRule {
+	features := peerSupportedFirewallFeatures(peer.AgentVersion)
+
+	var expanded []*FirewallRule
+
+	for _, port := range rule.Ports {
+		fr := base
+		fr.Port = port
+		expanded = append(expanded, &fr)
+	}
+
+	for _, portRange := range rule.PortRanges {
+		if len(rule.Ports) > 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		fr := base
+
+		if features.portRanges {
+			fr.PortRange = portRange
+		} else {
+			if portRange.Start != portRange.End {
+				continue
+			}
+			fr.Port = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(portRange.Start), 10)
+		}
+		expanded = append(expanded, &fr)
+	}
+
+	if shouldCheckRulesForNativeSSH(features.nativeSSH, rule, peer) || rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH {
+		expanded = addNativeSSHRule(base, expanded)
+	}
+
+	return expanded
+}
+
+func addNativeSSHRule(base FirewallRule, expanded []*FirewallRule) []*FirewallRule {
+	shouldAdd := false
+	for _, fr := range expanded {
+		if isPortInRule(nativeSSHPortString, 22022, fr) {
+			return expanded
+		}
+		if isPortInRule(defaultSSHPortString, 22, fr) {
+			shouldAdd = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !shouldAdd {
+		return expanded
+	}
+
+	fr := base
+	fr.Port = nativeSSHPortString
+	return append(expanded, &fr)
+}
+
+func isPortInRule(portString string, portInt uint16, rule *FirewallRule) bool {
+	return rule.Port == portString || (rule.PortRange.Start <= portInt && portInt <= rule.PortRange.End)
+}
+
+func shouldCheckRulesForNativeSSH(supportsNative bool, rule *PolicyRule, peer *ComponentPeer) bool {
+	return supportsNative && peer.SSHEnabled && peer.ServerSSHAllowed && rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
+}
+
+func peerSupportedFirewallFeatures(peerVer string) supportedFeatures {
+	if version.IsDevelopmentVersion(peerVer) {
+		return supportedFeatures{true, true}
+	}
+
+	var features supportedFeatures
+
+	meetMinVer, err := meetsMinVersion(firewallRuleMinNativeSSHVer, peerVer)
+	features.nativeSSH = err == nil && meetMinVer
+
+	if features.nativeSSH {
+		features.portRanges = true
+	} else {
+		meetMinVer, err = meetsMinVersion(firewallRuleMinPortRangesVer, peerVer)
+		features.portRanges = err == nil && meetMinVer
+	}
+
+	return features
+}
+
+// meetsMinVersion is main's version.MeetsMinVersion, which does not exist at HEAD.
+func meetsMinVersion(minVer, peerVer string) (bool, error) {
+	peerVer = sanitizeVersion(peerVer)
+	minVer = sanitizeVersion(minVer)
+
+	peerNBVer, err := v.NewVersion(peerVer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	constraints, err := v.NewConstraint(">= " + minVer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return constraints.Check(peerNBVer), nil
+}
+
+func sanitizeVersion(version string) string {
+	parts := strings.Split(version, "-")
+	return parts[0]
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap_components.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/networkmap_components.go
similarity index 70%
rename from management/server/types/networkmap_components.go
rename to management/server/types/legacynmap/networkmap_components.go
index 23d84a994..3f71dafa5 100644
--- a/management/server/types/networkmap_components.go
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/networkmap_components.go
@@ -1,26 +1,21 @@
-package types
+package legacynmap
 
 import (
 	"context"
 	"maps"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
 	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
-	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 )
 
-const EnvNewNetworkMapCompacted = "NB_NETWORK_MAP_COMPACTED"
-
 type NetworkMapComponents struct {
 	PeerID string
 
@@ -29,22 +24,48 @@ type NetworkMapComponents struct {
 	DNSSettings      *DNSSettings
 	CustomZoneDomain string
 
-	Peers               map[string]*nbpeer.Peer
-	Groups              map[string]*Group
+	Peers               map[string]*ComponentPeer
+	Groups              map[string]*ComponentGroup
 	Policies            []*Policy
 	Routes              []*route.Route
 	NameServerGroups    []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
 	AllDNSRecords       []nbdns.SimpleRecord
 	AccountZones        []nbdns.CustomZone
 	ResourcePoliciesMap map[string][]*Policy
-	RoutersMap          map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter
-	NetworkResources    []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource
+	RoutersMap          map[string]map[string]*ComponentRouter
+	NetworkResources    []*ComponentResource
 
 	GroupIDToUserIDs   map[string][]string
 	AllowedUserIDs     map[string]struct{}
 	PostureFailedPeers map[string]map[string]struct{}
 
-	RouterPeers map[string]*nbpeer.Peer
+	RouterPeers map[string]*ComponentPeer
+
+	// NetworkXIDToPublicID maps Network.ID (xid) → PublicID.
+	// Consumed by the envelope encoder to
+	// translate RoutersMap keys and NetworkResource.NetworkID references
+	// to compact uint32 ids. Legacy Calculate() doesn't consult it.
+	NetworkXIDToPublicID map[string]string
+
+	// PostureCheckXIDToPublicID maps posture.Checks.ID (xid) → PublicID.
+	// Same role as NetworkXIDToPublicID, used for PostureFailedPeers keys and
+	// policy SourcePostureChecks references.
+	PostureCheckXIDToPublicID map[string]string
+	routesByPeerOnce          sync.Once
+	routesByPeerIdx           map[string][]routeIndexEntry
+
+	// true when returning an empty-like map (returned instead of nil)
+	empty bool
+
+	// ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution forces the peer to run/use routing-peer DNS
+	// resolution regardless of the account-global setting, for reverse-proxy
+	// domain targets.
+	ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution bool
+}
+
+type routeIndexEntry struct {
+	route    *route.Route
+	viaGroup bool
 }
 
 type AccountSettingsInfo struct {
@@ -54,15 +75,20 @@ type AccountSettingsInfo struct {
 	PeerInactivityExpiration        time.Duration
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetPeerInfo(peerID string) *nbpeer.Peer {
+func EmptyNetworkMapComponents(nm *NetworkMapComponents) *NetworkMapComponents {
+	nm.empty = true
+	return nm
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetPeerInfo(peerID string) *ComponentPeer {
 	return c.Peers[peerID]
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetRouterPeerInfo(peerID string) *nbpeer.Peer {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetRouterPeerInfo(peerID string) *ComponentPeer {
 	return c.RouterPeers[peerID]
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetGroupInfo(groupID string) *Group {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetGroupInfo(groupID string) *ComponentGroup {
 	return c.Groups[groupID]
 }
 
@@ -116,13 +142,17 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) Calculate(ctx context.Context) *NetworkMap {
 
 	peersToConnect, expiredPeers := c.filterPeersByLoginExpiration(aclPeers)
 
-	routesUpdate := c.getRoutesToSync(targetPeerID, peersToConnect, peerGroups)
-	routesFirewallRules := c.getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx, targetPeerID)
+	includeIPv6 := false
+	if p := c.Peers[targetPeerID]; p != nil {
+		includeIPv6 = p.SupportsIPv6 && p.IPv6.IsValid()
+	}
+	routesUpdate := filterAndExpandRoutes(c.getRoutesToSync(targetPeerID, peersToConnect, peerGroups), includeIPv6)
+	routesFirewallRules := c.getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx, targetPeerID, includeIPv6)
 
 	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := c.getNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(targetPeerID)
 	var networkResourcesFirewallRules []*RouteFirewallRule
 	if isRouter {
-		networkResourcesFirewallRules = c.getPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx, targetPeerID, networkResourcesRoutes)
+		networkResourcesFirewallRules = c.getPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx, targetPeerID, networkResourcesRoutes, includeIPv6)
 	}
 
 	peersToConnectIncludingRouters := c.addNetworksRoutingPeers(
@@ -158,17 +188,23 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) Calculate(ctx context.Context) *NetworkMap {
 	return &NetworkMap{
 		Peers:               peersToConnectIncludingRouters,
 		Network:             c.Network.Copy(),
-		Routes:              append(networkResourcesRoutes, routesUpdate...),
+		Routes:              append(filterAndExpandRoutes(networkResourcesRoutes, includeIPv6), routesUpdate...),
 		DNSConfig:           dnsUpdate,
 		OfflinePeers:        expiredPeers,
 		FirewallRules:       firewallRules,
 		RoutesFirewallRules: append(networkResourcesFirewallRules, routesFirewallRules...),
 		AuthorizedUsers:     authorizedUsers,
 		EnableSSH:           sshEnabled,
+
+		ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution: c.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution,
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerConnectionResources(targetPeerID string) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, []*FirewallRule, map[string]map[string]struct{}, bool) {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) IsEmpty() bool {
+	return c.empty
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerConnectionResources(targetPeerID string) ([]*ComponentPeer, []*FirewallRule, map[string]map[string]struct{}, bool) {
 	targetPeer := c.GetPeerInfo(targetPeerID)
 	if targetPeer == nil {
 		return nil, nil, nil, false
@@ -188,7 +224,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerConnectionResources(targetPeerID string) (
 				continue
 			}
 
-			var sourcePeers, destinationPeers []*nbpeer.Peer
+			var sourcePeers, destinationPeers []*ComponentPeer
 			var peerInSources, peerInDestinations bool
 
 			if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
@@ -251,7 +287,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerConnectionResources(targetPeerID string) (
 				default:
 					authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = c.getAllowedUserIDs()
 				}
-			} else if peerInDestinations && policyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && targetPeer.SSHEnabled {
+			} else if peerInDestinations && PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && targetPeer.SSHEnabled {
 				sshEnabled = true
 				authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = c.getAllowedUserIDs()
 			}
@@ -271,13 +307,13 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getAllowedUserIDs() map[string]struct{} {
 	return make(map[string]struct{})
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) connResourcesGenerator(targetPeer *nbpeer.Peer) (func(*PolicyRule, []*nbpeer.Peer, int), func() ([]*nbpeer.Peer, []*FirewallRule)) {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) connResourcesGenerator(targetPeer *ComponentPeer) (func(*PolicyRule, []*ComponentPeer, int), func() ([]*ComponentPeer, []*FirewallRule)) {
 	rulesExists := make(map[string]struct{})
 	peersExists := make(map[string]struct{})
 	rules := make([]*FirewallRule, 0)
-	peers := make([]*nbpeer.Peer, 0)
+	peers := make([]*ComponentPeer, 0)
 
-	return func(rule *PolicyRule, groupPeers []*nbpeer.Peer, direction int) {
+	return func(rule *PolicyRule, groupPeers []*ComponentPeer, direction int) {
 			protocol := rule.Protocol
 			if protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH {
 				protocol = PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
@@ -298,7 +334,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) connResourcesGenerator(targetPeer *nbpeer.Peer) (
 					peersExists[peer.ID] = struct{}{}
 				}
 
-				peerIP := net.IP(peer.IP).String()
+				peerIP := peer.IP.String()
 
 				fr := FirewallRule{
 					PolicyID:  rule.ID,
@@ -317,20 +353,27 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) connResourcesGenerator(targetPeer *nbpeer.Peer) (
 
 				if len(rule.Ports) == 0 && len(rule.PortRanges) == 0 {
 					rules = append(rules, &fr)
-					continue
+				} else {
+					rules = append(rules, ExpandPortsAndRanges(fr, rule, targetPeer)...)
 				}
 
-				rules = append(rules, expandPortsAndRanges(fr, rule, targetPeer)...)
+				rules = AppendIPv6FirewallRule(rules, rulesExists, peer, targetPeer, rule, FirewallRuleContext{
+					Direction:   direction,
+					DirStr:      dirStr,
+					ProtocolStr: protocolStr,
+					ActionStr:   actionStr,
+					PortsJoined: portsJoined,
+				})
 			}
-		}, func() ([]*nbpeer.Peer, []*FirewallRule) {
+		}, func() ([]*ComponentPeer, []*FirewallRule) {
 			return peers, rules
 		}
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getAllPeersFromGroups(groups []string, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, bool) {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getAllPeersFromGroups(groups []string, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string) ([]*ComponentPeer, bool) {
 	peerInGroups := false
 	uniquePeerIDs := c.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(groups)
-	filteredPeers := make([]*nbpeer.Peer, 0, len(uniquePeerIDs))
+	filteredPeers := make([]*ComponentPeer, 0, len(uniquePeerIDs))
 
 	for _, p := range uniquePeerIDs {
 		peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(p)
@@ -382,22 +425,22 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(groups []string) []
 	return ids
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerFromResource(resource Resource, peerID string) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, bool) {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerFromResource(resource Resource, peerID string) ([]*ComponentPeer, bool) {
 	if resource.ID == peerID {
-		return []*nbpeer.Peer{}, true
+		return []*ComponentPeer{}, true
 	}
 
 	peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(resource.ID)
 	if peerInfo == nil {
-		return []*nbpeer.Peer{}, false
+		return []*ComponentPeer{}, false
 	}
 
-	return []*nbpeer.Peer{peerInfo}, false
+	return []*ComponentPeer{peerInfo}, false
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) filterPeersByLoginExpiration(aclPeers []*nbpeer.Peer) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, []*nbpeer.Peer) {
-	peersToConnect := make([]*nbpeer.Peer, 0, len(aclPeers))
-	var expiredPeers []*nbpeer.Peer
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) filterPeersByLoginExpiration(aclPeers []*ComponentPeer) ([]*ComponentPeer, []*ComponentPeer) {
+	peersToConnect := make([]*ComponentPeer, 0, len(aclPeers))
+	var expiredPeers []*ComponentPeer
 
 	for _, p := range aclPeers {
 		expired, _ := p.LoginExpired(c.AccountSettings.PeerLoginExpiration)
@@ -456,7 +499,30 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) peerIsNameserver(peerIPStr string, nsGroup *nbdns
 	return false
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRoutesToSync(peerID string, aclPeers []*nbpeer.Peer, peerGroups LookupMap) []*route.Route {
+// filterAndExpandRoutes drops v6 routes for non-capable peers and duplicates
+// the default v4 route (0.0.0.0/0) as ::/0 for v6-capable peers.
+// TODO: the "-v6" suffix on IDs could collide with user-supplied route IDs.
+func filterAndExpandRoutes(routes []*route.Route, includeIPv6 bool) []*route.Route {
+	filtered := make([]*route.Route, 0, len(routes))
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if !includeIPv6 && r.Network.Addr().Is6() {
+			continue
+		}
+		filtered = append(filtered, r)
+
+		if includeIPv6 && r.Network.Bits() == 0 && r.Network.Addr().Is4() {
+			v6 := r.Copy()
+			v6.ID = r.ID + "-v6-default"
+			v6.NetID = r.NetID + "-v6"
+			v6.Network = netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")
+			v6.NetworkType = route.IPv6Network
+			filtered = append(filtered, v6)
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRoutesToSync(peerID string, aclPeers []*ComponentPeer, peerGroups LookupMap) []*route.Route {
 	routes, peerDisabledRoutes := c.getRoutingPeerRoutes(peerID)
 	peerRoutesMembership := make(LookupMap)
 	for _, r := range append(routes, peerDisabledRoutes...) {
@@ -499,33 +565,42 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRoutingPeerRoutes(peerID string) (enabledRoute
 		disabledRoutes = append(disabledRoutes, r)
 	}
 
-	for _, r := range c.Routes {
-		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
-			group := c.GetGroupInfo(groupID)
-			if group == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-			for _, id := range group.Peers {
-				if id != peerID {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				newPeerRoute := r.Copy()
-				newPeerRoute.Peer = id
-				newPeerRoute.PeerGroups = nil
-				newPeerRoute.ID = route.ID(string(r.ID) + ":" + id)
-				takeRoute(newPeerRoute)
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		if r.Peer == peerID {
-			takeRoute(r.Copy())
+	for _, entry := range c.routesByPeer()[peerID] {
+		if entry.viaGroup {
+			newPeerRoute := entry.route.Copy()
+			newPeerRoute.PeerGroups = nil
+			newPeerRoute.ID = route.ID(string(entry.route.ID) + ":" + peerID)
+			takeRoute(newPeerRoute)
+			continue
 		}
+		takeRoute(entry.route.Copy())
 	}
 
 	return enabledRoutes, disabledRoutes
 }
 
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) routesByPeer() map[string][]routeIndexEntry {
+	c.routesByPeerOnce.Do(func() {
+		idx := make(map[string][]routeIndexEntry)
+		for _, r := range c.Routes {
+			for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
+				group := c.GetGroupInfo(groupID)
+				if group == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				for _, id := range group.Peers {
+					idx[id] = append(idx[id], routeIndexEntry{route: r, viaGroup: true})
+				}
+			}
+			if r.Peer != "" {
+				idx[r.Peer] = append(idx[r.Peer], routeIndexEntry{route: r})
+			}
+		}
+		c.routesByPeerIdx = idx
+	})
+
+	return c.routesByPeerIdx
+}
 
 func (c *NetworkMapComponents) filterRoutesByGroups(routes []*route.Route, groupListMap LookupMap) []*route.Route {
 	var filteredRoutes []*route.Route
@@ -552,13 +627,13 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) filterRoutesFromPeersOfSameHAGroup(routes []*rout
 	return filteredRoutes
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
 	routesFirewallRules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
 
 	enabledRoutes, _ := c.getRoutingPeerRoutes(peerID)
 	for _, r := range enabledRoutes {
 		if len(r.AccessControlGroups) == 0 {
-			defaultPermit := c.getDefaultPermit(r)
+			defaultPermit := c.getDefaultPermit(r, includeIPv6)
 			routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, defaultPermit...)
 			continue
 		}
@@ -567,7 +642,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, p
 
 		for _, accessGroup := range r.AccessControlGroups {
 			policies := c.getAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups([]string{accessGroup})
-			rules := c.getRouteFirewallRules(ctx, peerID, policies, r, distributionPeers)
+			rules := c.getRouteFirewallRules(ctx, peerID, policies, r, distributionPeers, includeIPv6)
 			routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, rules...)
 		}
 	}
@@ -575,8 +650,10 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, p
 	return routesFirewallRules
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getDefaultPermit(r *route.Route) []*RouteFirewallRule {
-	var rules []*RouteFirewallRule
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getDefaultPermit(r *route.Route, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	if r.Network.Addr().Is6() && !includeIPv6 {
+		return nil
+	}
 
 	sources := []string{"0.0.0.0/0"}
 	if r.Network.Addr().Is6() {
@@ -593,11 +670,16 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getDefaultPermit(r *route.Route) []*RouteFirewall
 		RouteID:      r.ID,
 	}
 
-	rules = append(rules, &rule)
+	rules := []*RouteFirewallRule{&rule}
 
-	if r.IsDynamic() {
+	isDefaultV4 := r.Network.Addr().Is4() && r.Network.Bits() == 0
+	if includeIPv6 && (r.IsDynamic() || isDefaultV4) {
 		ruleV6 := rule
 		ruleV6.SourceRanges = []string{"::/0"}
+		if isDefaultV4 {
+			ruleV6.Destination = "::/0"
+			ruleV6.RouteID = r.ID + "-v6-default"
+		}
 		rules = append(rules, &ruleV6)
 	}
 
@@ -634,7 +716,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups(accessControlGroups
 	return routePolicies
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, policies []*Policy, route *route.Route, distributionPeers map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, policies []*Policy, route *route.Route, distributionPeers map[string]struct{}, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
 	var fwRules []*RouteFirewallRule
 	for _, policy := range policies {
 		if !policy.Enabled {
@@ -647,14 +729,14 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID
 			}
 
 			rulePeers := c.getRulePeers(rule, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID, distributionPeers)
-			rules := generateRouteFirewallRules(ctx, route, rule, rulePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN)
+			rules := GenerateRouteFirewallRules(ctx, route, rule, rulePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, includeIPv6)
 			fwRules = append(fwRules, rules...)
 		}
 	}
 	return fwRules
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRulePeers(rule *PolicyRule, postureChecks []string, peerID string, distributionPeers map[string]struct{}) []*nbpeer.Peer {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRulePeers(rule *PolicyRule, postureChecks []string, peerID string, distributionPeers map[string]struct{}) []*ComponentPeer {
 	distPeersWithPolicy := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for _, id := range rule.Sources {
 		group := c.GetGroupInfo(id)
@@ -681,7 +763,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRulePeers(rule *PolicyRule, postureChecks []st
 		}
 	}
 
-	distributionGroupPeers := make([]*nbpeer.Peer, 0, len(distPeersWithPolicy))
+	distributionGroupPeers := make([]*ComponentPeer, 0, len(distPeersWithPolicy))
 	for pID := range distPeersWithPolicy {
 		peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(pID)
 		if peerInfo == nil {
@@ -712,34 +794,50 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(peerID string) (b
 			}
 		}
 
-		addedResourceRoute := false
-		for _, policy := range c.ResourcePoliciesMap[resource.ID] {
-			var peers []string
-			if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
-				peers = []string{policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID}
-			} else {
-				peers = c.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(policy.SourceGroups())
-			}
-			if addSourcePeers {
-				for _, pID := range c.getPostureValidPeers(peers, policy.SourcePostureChecks) {
-					allSourcePeers[pID] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			} else if slices.Contains(peers, peerID) && c.ValidatePostureChecksOnPeer(peerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks) {
-				for peerId, router := range networkRoutingPeers {
-					routes = append(routes, c.getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource, peerId, router)...)
-				}
-				addedResourceRoute = true
-			}
-			if addedResourceRoute {
-				break
-			}
-		}
+		newRoutes := c.processResourcePolicies(peerID, resource, networkRoutingPeers, addSourcePeers, allSourcePeers)
+		routes = append(routes, newRoutes...)
 	}
 
 	return isRoutingPeer, routes, allSourcePeers
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource *resourceTypes.NetworkResource, peerID string, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) []*route.Route {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) processResourcePolicies(
+	peerID string,
+	resource *ComponentResource,
+	networkRoutingPeers map[string]*ComponentRouter,
+	addSourcePeers bool,
+	allSourcePeers map[string]struct{},
+) []*route.Route {
+	var routes []*route.Route
+
+	for _, policy := range c.ResourcePoliciesMap[resource.ID] {
+		peers := c.getResourcePolicyPeers(policy)
+		if addSourcePeers {
+			for _, pID := range c.getPostureValidPeers(peers, policy.SourcePostureChecks) {
+				allSourcePeers[pID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if slices.Contains(peers, peerID) && c.ValidatePostureChecksOnPeer(peerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks) {
+			for peerId, router := range networkRoutingPeers {
+				routes = append(routes, c.getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource, peerId, router)...)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return routes
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getResourcePolicyPeers(policy *Policy) []string {
+	if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
+		return []string{policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID}
+	}
+	return c.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(policy.SourceGroups())
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource *ComponentResource, peerID string, router *ComponentRouter) []*route.Route {
 	resourceAppliedPolicies := c.ResourcePoliciesMap[resource.ID]
 
 	var routes []*route.Route
@@ -753,7 +851,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource *resourceTypes
 	return routes
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) networkResourceToRoute(resource *resourceTypes.NetworkResource, peer *nbpeer.Peer, router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter) *route.Route {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) networkResourceToRoute(resource *ComponentResource, peer *ComponentPeer, router *ComponentRouter) *route.Route {
 	r := &route.Route{
 		ID:          route.ID(resource.ID + ":" + peer.ID),
 		AccountID:   resource.AccountID,
@@ -767,7 +865,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) networkResourceToRoute(resource *resourceTypes.Ne
 		Description: resource.Description,
 	}
 
-	if resource.Type == resourceTypes.Host || resource.Type == resourceTypes.Subnet {
+	if resource.Type == ComponentResourceHost || resource.Type == ComponentResourceSubnet {
 		r.Network = resource.Prefix
 
 		r.NetworkType = route.IPv4Network
@@ -776,7 +874,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) networkResourceToRoute(resource *resourceTypes.Ne
 		}
 	}
 
-	if resource.Type == resourceTypes.Domain {
+	if resource.Type == ComponentResourceDomain {
 		domainList, err := domain.FromStringList([]string{resource.Domain})
 		if err == nil {
 			r.Domains = domainList
@@ -798,7 +896,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPostureValidPeers(inputPeers []string, posture
 	return dest
 }
 
-func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, routes []*route.Route) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, routes []*route.Route, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
 	routesFirewallRules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
 
 	peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(peerID)
@@ -815,7 +913,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx context.C
 		resourcePolicies := c.ResourcePoliciesMap[resourceID]
 		distributionPeers := c.getPoliciesSourcePeers(resourcePolicies)
 
-		rules := c.getRouteFirewallRules(ctx, peerID, resourcePolicies, r, distributionPeers)
+		rules := c.getRouteFirewallRules(ctx, peerID, resourcePolicies, r, distributionPeers, includeIPv6)
 		for _, rule := range rules {
 			if len(rule.SourceRanges) > 0 {
 				routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, rule)
@@ -854,11 +952,11 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPoliciesSourcePeers(policies []*Policy) map[st
 func (c *NetworkMapComponents) addNetworksRoutingPeers(
 	networkResourcesRoutes []*route.Route,
 	peerID string,
-	peersToConnect []*nbpeer.Peer,
-	expiredPeers []*nbpeer.Peer,
+	peersToConnect []*ComponentPeer,
+	expiredPeers []*ComponentPeer,
 	isRouter bool,
 	sourcePeers map[string]struct{},
-) []*nbpeer.Peer {
+) []*ComponentPeer {
 
 	networkRoutesPeers := make(map[string]struct{}, len(networkResourcesRoutes))
 	for _, r := range networkResourcesRoutes {
@@ -899,3 +997,36 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) addNetworksRoutingPeers(
 
 	return peersToConnect
 }
+
+type FirewallRuleContext struct {
+	Direction   int
+	DirStr      string
+	ProtocolStr string
+	ActionStr   string
+	PortsJoined string
+}
+
+func AppendIPv6FirewallRule(rules []*FirewallRule, rulesExists map[string]struct{}, peer, targetPeer *ComponentPeer, rule *PolicyRule, rc FirewallRuleContext) []*FirewallRule {
+	if !peer.IPv6.IsValid() || !targetPeer.SupportsIPv6 || !targetPeer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+		return rules
+	}
+
+	v6IP := peer.IPv6.String()
+	v6RuleID := rule.ID + v6IP + rc.DirStr + rc.ProtocolStr + rc.ActionStr + rc.PortsJoined
+	if _, ok := rulesExists[v6RuleID]; ok {
+		return rules
+	}
+	rulesExists[v6RuleID] = struct{}{}
+
+	v6fr := FirewallRule{
+		PolicyID:  rule.ID,
+		PeerIP:    v6IP,
+		Direction: rc.Direction,
+		Action:    rc.ActionStr,
+		Protocol:  rc.ProtocolStr,
+	}
+	if len(rule.Ports) == 0 && len(rule.PortRanges) == 0 {
+		return append(rules, &v6fr)
+	}
+	return append(rules, ExpandPortsAndRanges(v6fr, rule, targetPeer)...)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/proto_legacy.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/proto_legacy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..74451b268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/proto_legacy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+package legacynmap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
+	nbconfig "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/server/config"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	nbroute "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
+)
+
+func ToProtocolRoutes(routes []*nbroute.Route) []*proto.Route {
+	protoRoutes := make([]*proto.Route, 0, len(routes))
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		protoRoutes = append(protoRoutes, ToProtocolRoute(r))
+	}
+	return protoRoutes
+}
+
+func ToProtocolRoute(route *nbroute.Route) *proto.Route {
+	return &proto.Route{
+		ID:            string(route.ID),
+		NetID:         string(route.NetID),
+		Network:       route.Network.String(),
+		Domains:       route.Domains.ToPunycodeList(),
+		NetworkType:   int64(route.NetworkType),
+		Peer:          route.Peer,
+		Metric:        int64(route.Metric),
+		Masquerade:    route.Masquerade,
+		KeepRoute:     route.KeepRoute,
+		SkipAutoApply: route.SkipAutoApply,
+	}
+}
+
+func AppendRemotePeerConfig(dst []*proto.RemotePeerConfig, peers []*ComponentPeer, dnsName string, includeIPv6 bool, localIsProxy bool) []*proto.RemotePeerConfig {
+	for _, rPeer := range peers {
+		allowedIPs := []string{rPeer.IP.String() + "/32"}
+		if includeIPv6 && rPeer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+			allowedIPs = append(allowedIPs, rPeer.IPv6.String()+"/128")
+		}
+		dst = append(dst, &proto.RemotePeerConfig{
+			WgPubKey:     rPeer.Key,
+			AllowedIps:   allowedIPs,
+			SshConfig:    &proto.SSHConfig{SshPubKey: []byte(rPeer.SSHKey)},
+			Fqdn:         rPeer.FQDN(dnsName),
+			AgentVersion: rPeer.AgentVersion,
+			LazyState:    lazyStateFor(localIsProxy, rPeer),
+		})
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// lazyStateFor returns the per-peer lazy override for a remote peer. Connections
+// involving an ephemeral proxy peer on either endpoint default to lazy so shared
+// proxy infrastructure is not kept permanently connected to every peer. All
+// other peers follow the account-wide flag. A future admin-facing per-peer
+// setting can return LazyStateEager here to force a peer always-active.
+func lazyStateFor(localIsProxy bool, rPeer *ComponentPeer) proto.LazyState {
+	if localIsProxy || rPeer.ProxyEmbedded {
+		return proto.LazyState_LazyStateLazy
+	}
+	return proto.LazyState_LazyStateDefault
+}
+
+func buildJWTConfig(config *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow) *proto.JWTConfig {
+	if config == nil || config.AuthAudience == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	issuer := strings.TrimSpace(config.AuthIssuer)
+	if issuer == "" && deviceFlowConfig != nil {
+		if d := deriveIssuerFromTokenEndpoint(deviceFlowConfig.ProviderConfig.TokenEndpoint); d != "" {
+			issuer = d
+		}
+	}
+	if issuer == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	keysLocation := strings.TrimSpace(config.AuthKeysLocation)
+	if keysLocation == "" {
+		keysLocation = strings.TrimSuffix(issuer, "/") + "/.well-known/jwks.json"
+	}
+
+	audience := config.AuthAudience
+	if config.CLIAuthAudience != "" {
+		audience = config.CLIAuthAudience
+	}
+
+	audiences := []string{config.AuthAudience}
+	if config.CLIAuthAudience != "" && config.CLIAuthAudience != config.AuthAudience {
+		audiences = append(audiences, config.CLIAuthAudience)
+	}
+
+	return &proto.JWTConfig{
+		Issuer:       issuer,
+		Audience:     audience, //nolint:staticcheck
+		Audiences:    audiences,
+		KeysLocation: keysLocation,
+	}
+}
+
+func toPeerConfig(peer *nbpeer.Peer, network *Network, dnsName string, settings *types.Settings, httpConfig *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig, deviceFlowConfig *nbconfig.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, enableSSH bool, forceRoutingPeerDNS bool) *proto.PeerConfig {
+	netmask, _ := network.Net.Mask.Size()
+	fqdn := peer.FQDN(dnsName)
+
+	sshConfig := &proto.SSHConfig{
+		SshEnabled: peer.SSHEnabled || enableSSH,
+	}
+
+	if sshConfig.SshEnabled {
+		sshConfig.JwtConfig = buildJWTConfig(httpConfig, deviceFlowConfig)
+	}
+
+	peerConfig := &proto.PeerConfig{
+		Address:                         fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", peer.IP.String(), netmask),
+		SshConfig:                       sshConfig,
+		Fqdn:                            fqdn,
+		RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled: settings.RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled || peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded || forceRoutingPeerDNS,
+		LazyConnectionEnabled:           settings.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+		AutoUpdate: &proto.AutoUpdateSettings{
+			Version:      settings.AutoUpdateVersion,
+			AlwaysUpdate: settings.AutoUpdateAlways,
+		},
+	}
+
+	if peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid() && network.NetV6.IP != nil {
+		ones, _ := network.NetV6.Mask.Size()
+		v6Prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(peer.IPv6.Unmap(), ones)
+		if b, err := netiputil.EncodePrefix(v6Prefix); err == nil {
+			peerConfig.AddressV6 = b
+		}
+	}
+
+	return peerConfig
+}
+
+// ToProtoNetworkMap mirrors main's ToSyncResponse, restricted to the
+// proto.NetworkMap it produces. SyncResponse-level fields (NetbirdConfig,
+// Checks, the deprecated top-level RemotePeers) are omitted — they are not part
+// of the equivalence surface. PeerConfig is included because proto.NetworkMap
+// carries it, and it is where main's ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution surfaces.
+func ToProtoNetworkMap(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	peer *nbpeer.Peer,
+	nm *NetworkMap,
+	dnsName string,
+	settings *types.Settings,
+	httpConfig *nbconfig.HttpServerConfig,
+	dnsCache networkmap.DNSConfigCache,
+	dnsFwdPort int64,
+) *proto.NetworkMap {
+	includeIPv6 := peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid()
+	useSourcePrefixes := peer.SupportsSourcePrefixes()
+	localIsProxy := peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded
+
+	peerConfig := toPeerConfig(peer, nm.Network, dnsName, settings, httpConfig, nil, nm.EnableSSH, nm.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution)
+
+	pm := &proto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial:     nm.Network.CurrentSerial(),
+		Routes:     ToProtocolRoutes(nm.Routes),
+		DNSConfig:  networkmap.ToProtocolDNSConfig(nm.DNSConfig, dnsCache, dnsFwdPort),
+		PeerConfig: peerConfig,
+	}
+
+	remotePeers := make([]*proto.RemotePeerConfig, 0, len(nm.Peers)+len(nm.OfflinePeers))
+	remotePeers = AppendRemotePeerConfig(remotePeers, nm.Peers, dnsName, includeIPv6, localIsProxy)
+	pm.RemotePeers = remotePeers
+	pm.RemotePeersIsEmpty = len(remotePeers) == 0
+
+	pm.OfflinePeers = AppendRemotePeerConfig(nil, nm.OfflinePeers, dnsName, includeIPv6, localIsProxy)
+
+	firewallRules := networkmap.ToProtocolFirewallRules(nm.FirewallRules, includeIPv6, useSourcePrefixes)
+	pm.FirewallRules = firewallRules
+	pm.FirewallRulesIsEmpty = len(firewallRules) == 0
+
+	routesFirewallRules := networkmap.ToProtocolRoutesFirewallRules(nm.RoutesFirewallRules)
+	pm.RoutesFirewallRules = routesFirewallRules
+	pm.RoutesFirewallRulesIsEmpty = len(routesFirewallRules) == 0
+
+	if nm.ForwardingRules != nil {
+		forwardingRules := make([]*proto.ForwardingRule, 0, len(nm.ForwardingRules))
+		for _, rule := range nm.ForwardingRules {
+			forwardingRules = append(forwardingRules, rule.ToProto())
+		}
+		pm.ForwardingRules = forwardingRules
+	}
+
+	if nm.AuthorizedUsers != nil {
+		hashedUsers, machineUsers := networkmap.BuildAuthorizedUsersProto(ctx, nm.AuthorizedUsers)
+		userIDClaim := auth.DefaultUserIDClaim
+		if httpConfig != nil && httpConfig.AuthUserIDClaim != "" {
+			userIDClaim = httpConfig.AuthUserIDClaim
+		}
+		pm.SshAuth = &proto.SSHAuth{AuthorizedUsers: hashedUsers, MachineUsers: machineUsers, UserIDClaim: userIDClaim}
+	}
+
+	return pm
+}
+
+func deriveIssuerFromTokenEndpoint(tokenEndpoint string) string {
+	if tokenEndpoint == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	u, err := url.Parse(tokenEndpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s/", u.Scheme, u.Host)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/legacynmap/proxy_policies.go b/management/server/types/legacynmap/proxy_policies.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8f8c3969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/legacynmap/proxy_policies.go
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package legacynmap
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	sharedtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+// SynthesizeProxyPolicies is main's Account.InjectProxyPolicies, frozen. On
+// main the network-map controller called it on the account before computing,
+// so a comparison that starts from the account has to apply it too. It returns
+// the policies instead of appending them, so the caller can measure the legacy
+// path without mutating the account the other paths share.
+func SynthesizeProxyPolicies(a *Account) []*Policy {
+	if len(a.Services) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	proxyPeersByCluster := a.GetProxyPeers()
+	if len(proxyPeersByCluster) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var out []*Policy
+	for _, svc := range a.Services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		proxyPeers := proxyPeersByCluster[svc.ProxyCluster]
+		for _, target := range svc.Targets {
+			if target == nil || !target.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			port, ok := legacyTargetPort(target)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			path := ""
+			if target.Path != nil {
+				path = *target.Path
+			}
+			for _, proxyPeer := range proxyPeers {
+				out = append(out, legacyProxyPolicy(svc, target, proxyPeer, port, path))
+			}
+		}
+
+		out = append(out, legacyPrivateServicePolicies(a, svc, proxyPeers)...)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func legacyPrivateServicePolicies(a *Account, svc *service.Service, proxyPeers []*nbpeer.Peer) []*Policy {
+	if !svc.Private || len(svc.AccessGroups) == 0 || len(proxyPeers) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	sources := make([]string, 0, len(svc.AccessGroups))
+	for _, groupID := range svc.AccessGroups {
+		if _, ok := a.Groups[groupID]; ok {
+			sources = append(sources, groupID)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(sources) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	out := make([]*Policy, 0, len(proxyPeers))
+	for _, proxyPeer := range proxyPeers {
+		policyID := fmt.Sprintf("private-access-%s-%s", svc.ID, proxyPeer.ID)
+		out = append(out, &Policy{
+			ID:      policyID,
+			Name:    fmt.Sprintf("Private Access to %s", svc.Name),
+			Enabled: true,
+			Rules: []*PolicyRule{
+				{
+					ID:       policyID,
+					PolicyID: policyID,
+					Name:     fmt.Sprintf("Allow access groups to reach %s", svc.Name),
+					Enabled:  true,
+					Sources:  append([]string(nil), sources...),
+					DestinationResource: Resource{
+						ID:   proxyPeer.ID,
+						Type: ResourceTypePeer,
+					},
+					Bidirectional: false,
+					Protocol:      PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
+					Action:        PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+					PortRanges: []RulePortRange{
+						{Start: 80, End: 80},
+						{Start: 443, End: 443},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func legacyProxyPolicy(svc *service.Service, target *service.Target, proxyPeer *nbpeer.Peer, port uint16, path string) *Policy {
+	policyID := fmt.Sprintf("proxy-access-%s-%s-%s", svc.ID, proxyPeer.ID, path)
+
+	protocol := PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
+	if svc.Mode == service.ModeUDP {
+		protocol = sharedtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolUDP
+	}
+
+	return &Policy{
+		ID:      policyID,
+		Name:    fmt.Sprintf("Proxy Access to %s", svc.Name),
+		Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*PolicyRule{
+			{
+				ID:       policyID,
+				PolicyID: policyID,
+				Name:     fmt.Sprintf("Allow access to %s", svc.Name),
+				Enabled:  true,
+				SourceResource: Resource{
+					ID:   proxyPeer.ID,
+					Type: ResourceTypePeer,
+				},
+				DestinationResource: Resource{
+					ID:   target.TargetId,
+					Type: sharedtypes.ResourceType(target.TargetType),
+				},
+				Bidirectional: false,
+				Protocol:      protocol,
+				Action:        PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+				PortRanges:    []RulePortRange{{Start: port, End: port}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func legacyTargetPort(target *service.Target) (uint16, bool) {
+	if target.Port != 0 {
+		return target.Port, true
+	}
+
+	switch target.Protocol {
+	case "https", "tls":
+		return 443, true
+	case "http":
+		return 80, true
+	default:
+		return 0, false
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/network.go b/management/server/types/network.go
index 0d13de10f..1ce6465b5 100644
--- a/management/server/types/network.go
+++ b/management/server/types/network.go
@@ -1,21 +1,18 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"math/rand"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/c-robinson/iplib"
 	"github.com/rs/xid"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 
-	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/util"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/status"
 )
 
@@ -25,93 +22,17 @@ const (
 	// NetSize is a global network size 100.64.0.0/10
 	NetSize = 10
 
-	// AllowedIPsFormat generates Wireguard AllowedIPs format (e.g. 100.64.30.1/32)
-	AllowedIPsFormat = "%s/32"
+	// IPv6SubnetSize is the prefix length of per-account IPv6 subnets.
+	// Each account gets a /64 from its unique /48 ULA prefix.
+	IPv6SubnetSize = 64
 )
 
-type NetworkMap struct {
-	Peers               []*nbpeer.Peer
-	Network             *Network
-	Routes              []*route.Route
-	DNSConfig           nbdns.Config
-	OfflinePeers        []*nbpeer.Peer
-	FirewallRules       []*FirewallRule
-	RoutesFirewallRules []*RouteFirewallRule
-	ForwardingRules     []*ForwardingRule
-	AuthorizedUsers     map[string]map[string]struct{}
-	EnableSSH           bool
-}
-
-func (nm *NetworkMap) Merge(other *NetworkMap) {
-	nm.Peers = mergeUniquePeersByID(nm.Peers, other.Peers)
-	nm.Routes = util.MergeUnique(nm.Routes, other.Routes)
-	nm.OfflinePeers = mergeUniquePeersByID(nm.OfflinePeers, other.OfflinePeers)
-	nm.FirewallRules = util.MergeUnique(nm.FirewallRules, other.FirewallRules)
-	nm.RoutesFirewallRules = util.MergeUnique(nm.RoutesFirewallRules, other.RoutesFirewallRules)
-	nm.ForwardingRules = util.MergeUnique(nm.ForwardingRules, other.ForwardingRules)
-}
-
-func mergeUniquePeersByID(peers1, peers2 []*nbpeer.Peer) []*nbpeer.Peer {
-	result := make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer)
-	for _, peer := range peers1 {
-		result[peer.ID] = peer
-	}
-	for _, peer := range peers2 {
-		if _, ok := result[peer.ID]; !ok {
-			result[peer.ID] = peer
-		}
-	}
-
-	return maps.Values(result)
-}
-
-type ForwardingRule struct {
-	RuleProtocol      string
-	DestinationPorts  RulePortRange
-	TranslatedAddress net.IP
-	TranslatedPorts   RulePortRange
-}
-
-func (f *ForwardingRule) ToProto() *proto.ForwardingRule {
-	var protocol proto.RuleProtocol
-	switch f.RuleProtocol {
-	case "icmp":
-		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_ICMP
-	case "tcp":
-		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_TCP
-	case "udp":
-		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_UDP
-	case "all":
-		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_ALL
-	default:
-		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_UNKNOWN
-	}
-	return &proto.ForwardingRule{
-		Protocol:          protocol,
-		DestinationPort:   f.DestinationPorts.ToProto(),
-		TranslatedAddress: ipToBytes(f.TranslatedAddress),
-		TranslatedPort:    f.TranslatedPorts.ToProto(),
-	}
-}
-
-func (f *ForwardingRule) Equal(other *ForwardingRule) bool {
-	return f.RuleProtocol == other.RuleProtocol &&
-		f.DestinationPorts.Equal(&other.DestinationPorts) &&
-		f.TranslatedAddress.Equal(other.TranslatedAddress) &&
-		f.TranslatedPorts.Equal(&other.TranslatedPorts)
-}
-
-func ipToBytes(ip net.IP) []byte {
-	if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
-		return ip4
-	}
-	return ip.To16()
-}
-
 type Network struct {
 	Identifier string    `json:"id"`
 	Net        net.IPNet `gorm:"serializer:json"`
-	Dns        string
+	// NetV6 is the IPv6 ULA subnet for this account's overlay. Empty if not yet allocated.
+	NetV6 net.IPNet `gorm:"serializer:json"`
+	Dns   string
 	// Serial is an ID that increments by 1 when any change to the network happened (e.g. new peer has been added).
 	// Used to synchronize state to the client apps.
 	Serial uint64
@@ -121,20 +42,38 @@ type Network struct {
 
 // NewNetwork creates a new Network initializing it with a Serial=0
 // It takes a random /16 subnet from 100.64.0.0/10 (64 different subnets)
+// and a random /64 subnet from fd00:4e42::/32 for IPv6.
 func NewNetwork() *Network {
-
 	n := iplib.NewNet4(net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), NetSize)
 	sub, _ := n.Subnet(SubnetSize)
 
-	s := rand.NewSource(time.Now().Unix())
-	r := rand.New(s)
-	intn := r.Intn(len(sub))
+	intn := util.RandIntn(len(sub))
 
 	return &Network{
 		Identifier: xid.New().String(),
 		Net:        sub[intn].IPNet,
+		NetV6:      AllocateIPv6Subnet(),
 		Dns:        "",
-		Serial:     0}
+		Serial:     0,
+	}
+}
+
+// AllocateIPv6Subnet generates a random RFC 4193 ULA /64 prefix.
+// The format follows RFC 4193 section 3.1: fd + 40-bit Global ID + 16-bit Subnet ID.
+// The Global ID and Subnet ID are randomized (simplified from the SHA-1 algorithm
+// in section 3.2.2), giving 2^56 possible /64 subnets across all accounts.
+func AllocateIPv6Subnet() net.IPNet {
+	ip := make(net.IP, 16)
+	ip[0] = 0xfd
+	// Bytes 1-5: 40-bit random Global ID, bytes 6-7: 16-bit random Subnet ID
+	if _, err := rand.Read(ip[1:8]); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	return net.IPNet{
+		IP:   ip,
+		Mask: net.CIDRMask(IPv6SubnetSize, 128),
+	}
 }
 
 // IncSerial increments Serial by 1 reflecting that the network state has been changed
@@ -157,19 +96,31 @@ func (n *Network) Copy() *Network {
 	return &Network{
 		Identifier: n.Identifier,
 		Net:        n.Net,
+		NetV6:      n.NetV6,
 		Dns:        n.Dns,
 		Serial:     n.Serial,
 	}
 }
 
-// AllocatePeerIP pics an available IP from an net.IPNet.
-// This method considers already taken IPs and reuses IPs if there are gaps in takenIps
-// E.g. if ipNet=100.30.0.0/16 and takenIps=[100.30.0.1, 100.30.0.4] then the result would be 100.30.0.2 or 100.30.0.3
-func AllocatePeerIP(ipNet net.IPNet, takenIps []net.IP) (net.IP, error) {
-	baseIP := ipToUint32(ipNet.IP.Mask(ipNet.Mask))
+// validateIPv4Prefix ensures the prefix is an IPv4 network with assignable host addresses.
+func validateIPv4Prefix(prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	if !prefix.IsValid() || !prefix.Addr().Is4() || prefix.Bits() < 1 || prefix.Bits() >= 31 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv4 subnet: %s", prefix.String())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 
-	ones, bits := ipNet.Mask.Size()
-	hostBits := bits - ones
+// AllocatePeerIP picks an available IP from a netip.Prefix.
+// This method considers already taken IPs and reuses IPs if there are gaps in takenIps.
+// E.g. if prefix=100.30.0.0/16 and takenIps=[100.30.0.1, 100.30.0.4] then the result would be 100.30.0.2 or 100.30.0.3.
+func AllocatePeerIP(prefix netip.Prefix, takenIps []netip.Addr) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	if err := validateIPv4Prefix(prefix); err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
+
+	b := prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()
+	baseIP := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
+	hostBits := 32 - prefix.Bits()
 	totalIPs := uint32(1 << hostBits)
 
 	taken := make(map[uint32]struct{}, len(takenIps)+1)
@@ -177,14 +128,17 @@ func AllocatePeerIP(ipNet net.IPNet, takenIps []net.IP) (net.IP, error) {
 	taken[baseIP+totalIPs-1] = struct{}{} // reserve broadcast IP
 
 	for _, ip := range takenIps {
-		taken[ipToUint32(ip)] = struct{}{}
+		if !ip.Is4() {
+			continue
+		}
+		ab := ip.As4()
+		taken[binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ab[:])] = struct{}{}
 	}
 
-	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
 	maxAttempts := (int(totalIPs) - len(taken)) / 100
 
 	for i := 0; i < maxAttempts; i++ {
-		offset := uint32(rng.Intn(int(totalIPs-2))) + 1
+		offset := uint32(util.RandIntn(int(totalIPs-2))) + 1
 		candidate := baseIP + offset
 		if _, exists := taken[candidate]; !exists {
 			return uint32ToIP(candidate), nil
@@ -198,36 +152,98 @@ func AllocatePeerIP(ipNet net.IPNet, takenIps []net.IP) (net.IP, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "network %s is out of IPs", ipNet.String())
+	return netip.Addr{}, status.Errorf(status.PreconditionFailed, "network %s is out of IPs", prefix.String())
 }
 
-func AllocateRandomPeerIP(ipNet net.IPNet) (net.IP, error) {
-	baseIP := ipToUint32(ipNet.IP.Mask(ipNet.Mask))
-
-	ones, bits := ipNet.Mask.Size()
-	hostBits := bits - ones
+// AllocateRandomPeerIP picks a random available IP from a netip.Prefix.
+func AllocateRandomPeerIP(prefix netip.Prefix) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	if err := validateIPv4Prefix(prefix); err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
 
+	b := prefix.Masked().Addr().As4()
+	baseIP := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
+	hostBits := 32 - prefix.Bits()
 	totalIPs := uint32(1 << hostBits)
 
-	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
-	offset := uint32(rng.Intn(int(totalIPs-2))) + 1
+	offset := uint32(util.RandIntn(int(totalIPs-2))) + 1
 
 	candidate := baseIP + offset
 	return uint32ToIP(candidate), nil
 }
 
-func ipToUint32(ip net.IP) uint32 {
-	ip = ip.To4()
-	if len(ip) < 4 {
-		return 0
+// AllocateRandomPeerIPv6 picks a random host address within the given IPv6 prefix.
+// Only the host bits (after the prefix length) are randomized.
+func AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(prefix netip.Prefix) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	ones := prefix.Bits()
+	if ones == 0 || ones > 126 || !prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 subnet: %s", prefix.String())
 	}
-	return binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ip)
+
+	ip := prefix.Addr().As16()
+
+	// Determine which byte the host bits start in
+	firstHostByte := ones / 8
+	// If the prefix doesn't end on a byte boundary, handle the partial byte
+	partialBits := ones % 8
+
+	var rnd [16]byte
+	if _, err := rand.Read(rnd[firstHostByte:]); err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
+
+	if partialBits > 0 {
+		// Keep the network bits in the partial byte, randomize the rest
+		hostMask := byte(0xff >> partialBits)
+		ip[firstHostByte] = (ip[firstHostByte] & ^hostMask) | (rnd[firstHostByte] & hostMask)
+		firstHostByte++
+	}
+
+	// Randomize remaining full host bytes
+	for i := firstHostByte; i < 16; i++ {
+		ip[i] = rnd[i]
+	}
+
+	// Avoid all-zeros and all-ones host parts by checking only host bits.
+	if isHostAllZeroOrOnes(ip[:], ones) {
+		ip = prefix.Masked().Addr().As16()
+		ip[15] |= 0x01
+	}
+
+	return netip.AddrFrom16(ip).Unmap(), nil
 }
 
-func uint32ToIP(n uint32) net.IP {
-	ip := make(net.IP, 4)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(ip, n)
-	return ip
+// isHostAllZeroOrOnes checks whether all host bits (after prefixLen) are zero or all ones.
+func isHostAllZeroOrOnes(ip []byte, prefixLen int) bool {
+	hostStart := prefixLen / 8
+	partialBits := prefixLen % 8
+
+	hostSlice := slices.Clone(ip[hostStart:])
+	if partialBits > 0 {
+		hostSlice[0] &= 0xff >> partialBits
+	}
+
+	allZero := !slices.ContainsFunc(hostSlice, func(v byte) bool { return v != 0 })
+	if allZero {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Build the all-ones mask for host bits
+	onesMask := make([]byte, len(hostSlice))
+	for i := range onesMask {
+		onesMask[i] = 0xff
+	}
+	if partialBits > 0 {
+		onesMask[0] = 0xff >> partialBits
+	}
+
+	return slices.Equal(hostSlice, onesMask)
+}
+
+func uint32ToIP(n uint32) netip.Addr {
+	var b [4]byte
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[:], n)
+	return netip.AddrFrom4(b)
 }
 
 // generateIPs generates a list of all possible IPs of the given network excluding IPs specified in the exclusion list
diff --git a/management/server/types/network_test.go b/management/server/types/network_test.go
index 4c1459ce5..239f72426 100644
--- a/management/server/types/network_test.go
+++ b/management/server/types/network_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -17,10 +19,10 @@ func TestNewNetwork(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestAllocatePeerIP(t *testing.T) {
-	ipNet := net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), Mask: net.IPMask{255, 255, 255, 0}}
-	var ips []net.IP
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/24")
+	var ips []netip.Addr
 	for i := 0; i < 252; i++ {
-		ip, err := AllocatePeerIP(ipNet, ips)
+		ip, err := AllocatePeerIP(prefix, ips)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -41,19 +43,19 @@ func TestAllocatePeerIP(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestAllocatePeerIPSmallSubnet(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test /27 network (10.0.0.0/27) - should only have 30 usable IPs (10.0.0.1 to 10.0.0.30)
-	ipNet := net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.0"), Mask: net.IPMask{255, 255, 255, 224}}
-	var ips []net.IP
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/27")
+	var ips []netip.Addr
 
 	// Allocate all available IPs in the /27 network
 	for i := 0; i < 30; i++ {
-		ip, err := AllocatePeerIP(ipNet, ips)
+		ip, err := AllocatePeerIP(prefix, ips)
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		// Verify IP is within the correct range
-		if !ipNet.Contains(ip) {
-			t.Errorf("allocated IP %s is not within network %s", ip.String(), ipNet.String())
+		if !prefix.Contains(ip) {
+			t.Errorf("allocated IP %s is not within network %s", ip.String(), prefix.String())
 		}
 
 		ips = append(ips, ip)
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ func TestAllocatePeerIPSmallSubnet(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// Try to allocate one more IP - should fail as network is full
-	_, err := AllocatePeerIP(ipNet, ips)
+	_, err := AllocatePeerIP(prefix, ips)
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Error("expected error when network is full, but got none")
 	}
@@ -95,10 +97,11 @@ func TestAllocatePeerIPVariousCIDRs(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			_, ipNet, err := net.ParseCIDR(tc.cidr)
+			prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(tc.cidr)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
+			prefix = prefix.Masked()
 
-			var ips []net.IP
+			var ips []netip.Addr
 
 			// For larger networks, test only a subset to avoid long test runs
 			testCount := tc.expectedUsable
@@ -108,21 +111,21 @@ func TestAllocatePeerIPVariousCIDRs(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// Allocate IPs and verify they're within the correct range
 			for i := 0; i < testCount; i++ {
-				ip, err := AllocatePeerIP(*ipNet, ips)
+				ip, err := AllocatePeerIP(prefix, ips)
 				require.NoError(t, err, "failed to allocate IP %d", i)
 
 				// Verify IP is within the correct range
-				assert.True(t, ipNet.Contains(ip), "allocated IP %s is not within network %s", ip.String(), ipNet.String())
+				assert.True(t, prefix.Contains(ip), "allocated IP %s is not within network %s", ip.String(), prefix.String())
 
 				// Verify IP is not network or broadcast address
-				networkIP := ipNet.IP.Mask(ipNet.Mask)
-				ones, bits := ipNet.Mask.Size()
-				hostBits := bits - ones
-				broadcastInt := uint32(ipToUint32(networkIP)) + (1 << hostBits) - 1
-				broadcastIP := uint32ToIP(broadcastInt)
+				networkAddr := prefix.Masked().Addr()
+				hostBits := 32 - prefix.Bits()
+				b := networkAddr.As4()
+				baseIP := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[:])
+				broadcastIP := uint32ToIP(baseIP + (1 << hostBits) - 1)
 
-				assert.False(t, ip.Equal(networkIP), "allocated network address %s", ip.String())
-				assert.False(t, ip.Equal(broadcastIP), "allocated broadcast address %s", ip.String())
+				assert.NotEqual(t, networkAddr, ip, "allocated network address %s", ip.String())
+				assert.NotEqual(t, broadcastIP, ip, "allocated broadcast address %s", ip.String())
 
 				ips = append(ips, ip)
 			}
@@ -140,6 +143,34 @@ func TestAllocatePeerIPVariousCIDRs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAllocateIPv4InvalidPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
+	prefixes := []netip.Prefix{
+		{},
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/31"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.1/32"),
+		netip.MustParsePrefix("fd12:3456:7890:abcd::/64"),
+	}
+
+	for _, prefix := range prefixes {
+		t.Run(prefix.String(), func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := AllocatePeerIP(prefix, nil)
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+
+			_, err = AllocateRandomPeerIP(prefix)
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllocatePeerIPIgnoresNonIPv4TakenIPs(t *testing.T) {
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/29")
+
+	ip, err := AllocatePeerIP(prefix, []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("fd12:3456:7890:abcd::1")})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, prefix.Contains(ip))
+}
+
 func TestGenerateIPs(t *testing.T) {
 	ipNet := net.IPNet{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.0"), Mask: net.IPMask{255, 255, 255, 0}}
 	ips, ipsLen := generateIPs(&ipNet, map[string]struct{}{"100.64.0.0": {}})
@@ -151,3 +182,111 @@ func TestGenerateIPs(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected last ip to be: 100.64.0.253, got %s", ips[len(ips)-1].String())
 	}
 }
+
+func TestNewNetworkHasIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	network := NewNetwork()
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, network.NetV6.IP, "v6 subnet should be allocated")
+	assert.True(t, network.NetV6.IP.To4() == nil, "v6 subnet should be IPv6")
+	assert.Equal(t, byte(0xfd), network.NetV6.IP[0], "v6 subnet should be ULA (fd prefix)")
+
+	ones, bits := network.NetV6.Mask.Size()
+	assert.Equal(t, 64, ones, "v6 subnet should be /64")
+	assert.Equal(t, 128, bits)
+}
+
+func TestAllocateIPv6SubnetUniqueness(t *testing.T) {
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		network := NewNetwork()
+		key := network.NetV6.IP.String()
+		_, duplicate := seen[key]
+		assert.False(t, duplicate, "duplicate v6 subnet: %s", key)
+		seen[key] = struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllocateRandomPeerIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("fd12:3456:7890:abcd::/64")
+
+	ip, err := AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(prefix)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.True(t, ip.Is6(), "should be IPv6")
+	assert.True(t, prefix.Contains(ip), "should be within subnet")
+	// First 8 bytes (network prefix) should match
+	b := ip.As16()
+	prefixBytes := prefix.Addr().As16()
+	assert.Equal(t, prefixBytes[:8], b[:8], "prefix should match")
+	// Interface ID should not be all zeros
+	allZero := true
+	for _, v := range b[8:] {
+		if v != 0 {
+			allZero = false
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	assert.False(t, allZero, "interface ID should not be all zeros")
+}
+
+func TestAllocateRandomPeerIPv6_VariousPrefixes(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		cidr   string
+		prefix int
+	}{
+		{"standard /64", "fd00:1234:5678:abcd::/64", 64},
+		{"small /112", "fd00:1234:5678:abcd::/112", 112},
+		{"large /48", "fd00:1234::/48", 48},
+		{"non-boundary /60", "fd00:1234:5670::/60", 60},
+		{"non-boundary /52", "fd00:1230::/52", 52},
+		{"minimum /120", "fd00:1234:5678:abcd::100/120", 120},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(tt.cidr)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			prefix = prefix.Masked()
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.prefix, prefix.Bits())
+
+			for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+				ip, err := AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(prefix)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				assert.True(t, prefix.Contains(ip), "IP %s should be within %s", ip, prefix)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllocateRandomPeerIPv6_PreservesNetworkBits(t *testing.T) {
+	// For a /112, bytes 0-13 should be preserved, only bytes 14-15 should vary
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234:5678:abcd:ef01:2345:6789:0/112")
+
+	prefixBytes := prefix.Addr().As16()
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		ip, err := AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(prefix)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		// First 14 bytes (112 bits = 14 bytes) must match the network
+		b := ip.As16()
+		assert.Equal(t, prefixBytes[:14], b[:14], "network bytes should be preserved for /112")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllocateRandomPeerIPv6_NonByteBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	// For a /60, the first 7.5 bytes are network, so byte 7 is partial
+	prefix := netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00:1234:5678:abc0::/60")
+
+	prefixBytes := prefix.Addr().As16()
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+		ip, err := AllocateRandomPeerIPv6(prefix)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		b := ip.As16()
+		assert.True(t, prefix.Contains(ip), "IP %s should be within %s", ip, prefix)
+		// First 7 bytes must match exactly
+		assert.Equal(t, prefixBytes[:7], b[:7], "full network bytes should match for /60")
+		// Byte 7: top 4 bits (0xc = 1100) must be preserved
+		assert.Equal(t, prefixBytes[7]&0xf0, b[7]&0xf0, "partial byte network bits should be preserved for /60")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap.go b/management/server/types/networkmap.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 68c988a93..000000000
--- a/management/server/types/networkmap.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-package types
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
-)
-
-func (a *Account) initNetworkMapBuilder(validatedPeers map[string]struct{}) {
-	if a.NetworkMapCache != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	a.nmapInitOnce.Do(func() {
-		a.NetworkMapCache = NewNetworkMapBuilder(a, validatedPeers)
-	})
-}
-
-func (a *Account) InitNetworkMapBuilderIfNeeded(validatedPeers map[string]struct{}) {
-	a.initNetworkMapBuilder(validatedPeers)
-}
-
-func (a *Account) GetPeerNetworkMapExp(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	peerID string,
-	peersCustomZone nbdns.CustomZone,
-	accountZones []*zones.Zone,
-	validatedPeers map[string]struct{},
-	metrics *telemetry.AccountManagerMetrics,
-) *NetworkMap {
-	a.initNetworkMapBuilder(validatedPeers)
-	return a.NetworkMapCache.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, peerID, peersCustomZone, accountZones, validatedPeers, metrics)
-}
-
-func (a *Account) OnPeerAddedUpdNetworkMapCache(peerId string) error {
-	if a.NetworkMapCache == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return a.NetworkMapCache.OnPeerAddedIncremental(a, peerId)
-}
-
-func (a *Account) OnPeersAddedUpdNetworkMapCache(peerIds ...string) {
-	if a.NetworkMapCache == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	a.NetworkMapCache.EnqueuePeersForIncrementalAdd(a, peerIds...)
-}
-
-func (a *Account) OnPeerDeletedUpdNetworkMapCache(peerId string) error {
-	if a.NetworkMapCache == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return a.NetworkMapCache.OnPeerDeleted(a, peerId)
-}
-
-func (a *Account) UpdatePeerInNetworkMapCache(peer *nbpeer.Peer) {
-	if a.NetworkMapCache == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	a.NetworkMapCache.UpdatePeer(peer)
-}
-
-func (a *Account) RecalculateNetworkMapCache(validatedPeers map[string]struct{}) {
-	a.initNetworkMapBuilder(validatedPeers)
-}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap_benchmark_test.go b/management/server/types/networkmap_benchmark_test.go
index 38272e7b0..118ef9baf 100644
--- a/management/server/types/networkmap_benchmark_test.go
+++ b/management/server/types/networkmap_benchmark_test.go
@@ -86,6 +86,43 @@ func BenchmarkNetworkMapGeneration_AllPeers(b *testing.B) {
 			b.ReportAllocs()
 			b.ResetTimer()
 			for range b.N {
+				account.PrecomputePostureValidation(ctx)
+				for _, peerID := range peerIDs {
+					_ = account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupIDToUserIDs)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkNetworkMapGeneration_AllPeersPostureChecks benchmarks the UpdateAccountPeers
+// hot path with a posture check attached to the account-wide policy, so posture
+// validation runs for every source peer of every target peer's map.
+func BenchmarkNetworkMapGeneration_AllPeersPostureChecks(b *testing.B) {
+	skipCIBenchmark(b)
+	scales := []benchmarkScale{
+		{"500peers_20groups", 500, 20},
+		{"1000peers_50groups", 1000, 50},
+	}
+
+	for _, scale := range scales {
+		account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(scale.peers, scale.groups)
+		account.Policies[0].SourcePostureChecks = []string{"posture-check-ver"}
+		ctx := context.Background()
+
+		peerIDs := make([]string, 0, len(account.Peers))
+		for peerID := range account.Peers {
+			peerIDs = append(peerIDs, peerID)
+		}
+
+		b.Run("components/"+scale.name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+			routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+			groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for range b.N {
+				account.PrecomputePostureValidation(ctx)
 				for _, peerID := range peerIDs {
 					_ = account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupIDToUserIDs)
 				}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap_comparison_test.go b/management/server/types/networkmap_comparison_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index c5844cca0..000000000
--- a/management/server/types/networkmap_comparison_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,592 +0,0 @@
-package types
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"sort"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
-	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
-	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
-)
-
-func TestNetworkMapComponents_CompareWithLegacy(t *testing.T) {
-	account := createTestAccount()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	peerID := testingPeerID
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		pid := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if pid == offlinePeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		validatedPeersMap[pid] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	peersCustomZone := nbdns.CustomZone{}
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
-
-	legacyNetworkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMap(
-		ctx,
-		peerID,
-		peersCustomZone,
-		nil,
-		validatedPeersMap,
-		resourcePolicies,
-		routers,
-		nil,
-		groupIDToUserIDs,
-	)
-
-	components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
-		ctx,
-		peerID,
-		peersCustomZone,
-		nil,
-		validatedPeersMap,
-		resourcePolicies,
-		routers,
-		groupIDToUserIDs,
-	)
-
-	if components == nil {
-		t.Fatal("GetPeerNetworkMapComponents returned nil")
-	}
-
-	newNetworkMap := CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
-
-	if newNetworkMap == nil {
-		t.Fatal("CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents returned nil")
-	}
-
-	compareNetworkMaps(t, legacyNetworkMap, newNetworkMap)
-}
-
-func TestNetworkMapComponents_GoldenFileComparison(t *testing.T) {
-	account := createTestAccount()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	peerID := testingPeerID
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		pid := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if pid == offlinePeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		validatedPeersMap[pid] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	peersCustomZone := nbdns.CustomZone{}
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
-
-	legacyNetworkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMap(
-		ctx,
-		peerID,
-		peersCustomZone,
-		nil,
-		validatedPeersMap,
-		resourcePolicies,
-		routers,
-		nil,
-		groupIDToUserIDs,
-	)
-
-	components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
-		ctx,
-		peerID,
-		peersCustomZone,
-		nil,
-		validatedPeersMap,
-		resourcePolicies,
-		routers,
-		groupIDToUserIDs,
-	)
-
-	require.NotNil(t, components, "GetPeerNetworkMapComponents returned nil")
-
-	newNetworkMap := CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
-	require.NotNil(t, newNetworkMap, "CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents returned nil")
-
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(legacyNetworkMap)
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(newNetworkMap)
-
-	componentsJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(components, "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling components to JSON")
-
-	legacyJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(legacyNetworkMap, "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling legacy network map to JSON")
-
-	newJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(newNetworkMap, "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling new network map to JSON")
-
-	goldenDir := filepath.Join("testdata", "comparison")
-	err = os.MkdirAll(goldenDir, 0755)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	legacyGoldenPath := filepath.Join(goldenDir, "legacy_networkmap.json")
-	err = os.WriteFile(legacyGoldenPath, legacyJSON, 0644)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error writing legacy golden file")
-
-	newGoldenPath := filepath.Join(goldenDir, "components_networkmap.json")
-	err = os.WriteFile(newGoldenPath, newJSON, 0644)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error writing components golden file")
-
-	componentsPath := filepath.Join(goldenDir, "components.json")
-	err = os.WriteFile(componentsPath, componentsJSON, 0644)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error writing components golden file")
-
-	require.JSONEq(t, string(legacyJSON), string(newJSON),
-		"NetworkMaps from legacy and components approaches do not match.\n"+
-			"Legacy JSON saved to: %s\n"+
-			"Components JSON saved to: %s",
-		legacyGoldenPath, newGoldenPath)
-
-	t.Logf("✅ NetworkMaps are identical")
-	t.Logf("   Legacy NetworkMap: %s", legacyGoldenPath)
-	t.Logf("   Components NetworkMap: %s", newGoldenPath)
-}
-
-func normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(nm *NetworkMap) {
-	if nm == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	sort.Slice(nm.Peers, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return nm.Peers[i].ID < nm.Peers[j].ID
-	})
-
-	sort.Slice(nm.OfflinePeers, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return nm.OfflinePeers[i].ID < nm.OfflinePeers[j].ID
-	})
-
-	sort.Slice(nm.Routes, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return string(nm.Routes[i].ID) < string(nm.Routes[j].ID)
-	})
-
-	sort.Slice(nm.FirewallRules, func(i, j int) bool {
-		if nm.FirewallRules[i].PeerIP != nm.FirewallRules[j].PeerIP {
-			return nm.FirewallRules[i].PeerIP < nm.FirewallRules[j].PeerIP
-		}
-		if nm.FirewallRules[i].Direction != nm.FirewallRules[j].Direction {
-			return nm.FirewallRules[i].Direction < nm.FirewallRules[j].Direction
-		}
-		if nm.FirewallRules[i].Protocol != nm.FirewallRules[j].Protocol {
-			return nm.FirewallRules[i].Protocol < nm.FirewallRules[j].Protocol
-		}
-		if nm.FirewallRules[i].Port != nm.FirewallRules[j].Port {
-			return nm.FirewallRules[i].Port < nm.FirewallRules[j].Port
-		}
-		return nm.FirewallRules[i].PolicyID < nm.FirewallRules[j].PolicyID
-	})
-
-	for i := range nm.RoutesFirewallRules {
-		sort.Strings(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].SourceRanges)
-	}
-
-	sort.Slice(nm.RoutesFirewallRules, func(i, j int) bool {
-		if nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].Destination != nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].Destination {
-			return nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].Destination < nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].Destination
-		}
-
-		minLen := len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].SourceRanges)
-		if len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].SourceRanges) < minLen {
-			minLen = len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].SourceRanges)
-		}
-		for k := 0; k < minLen; k++ {
-			if nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].SourceRanges[k] != nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].SourceRanges[k] {
-				return nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].SourceRanges[k] < nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].SourceRanges[k]
-			}
-		}
-		if len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].SourceRanges) != len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].SourceRanges) {
-			return len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].SourceRanges) < len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].SourceRanges)
-		}
-
-		if string(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].RouteID) != string(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].RouteID) {
-			return string(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].RouteID) < string(nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].RouteID)
-		}
-
-		if nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].PolicyID != nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].PolicyID {
-			return nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].PolicyID < nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].PolicyID
-		}
-
-		if nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].Port != nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].Port {
-			return nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].Port < nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].Port
-		}
-
-		return nm.RoutesFirewallRules[i].Protocol < nm.RoutesFirewallRules[j].Protocol
-	})
-
-	if nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones != nil {
-		for i := range nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones {
-			sort.Slice(nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones[i].Records, func(a, b int) bool {
-				return nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones[i].Records[a].Name < nm.DNSConfig.CustomZones[i].Records[b].Name
-			})
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(nm.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups) != 0 {
-		sort.Slice(nm.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups, func(a, b int) bool {
-			return nm.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups[a].Name < nm.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups[b].Name
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func compareNetworkMaps(t *testing.T, legacy, current *NetworkMap) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	if legacy.Network.Serial != current.Network.Serial {
-		t.Errorf("Network Serial mismatch: legacy=%d, current=%d", legacy.Network.Serial, current.Network.Serial)
-	}
-
-	if len(legacy.Peers) != len(current.Peers) {
-		t.Errorf("Peers count mismatch: legacy=%d, current=%d", len(legacy.Peers), len(current.Peers))
-	}
-
-	legacyPeerIDs := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, p := range legacy.Peers {
-		legacyPeerIDs[p.ID] = true
-	}
-
-	for _, p := range current.Peers {
-		if !legacyPeerIDs[p.ID] {
-			t.Errorf("Current NetworkMap contains peer %s not in legacy", p.ID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(legacy.OfflinePeers) != len(current.OfflinePeers) {
-		t.Errorf("OfflinePeers count mismatch: legacy=%d, current=%d", len(legacy.OfflinePeers), len(current.OfflinePeers))
-	}
-
-	if len(legacy.FirewallRules) != len(current.FirewallRules) {
-		t.Logf("FirewallRules count mismatch: legacy=%d, current=%d", len(legacy.FirewallRules), len(current.FirewallRules))
-	}
-
-	if len(legacy.Routes) != len(current.Routes) {
-		t.Logf("Routes count mismatch: legacy=%d, current=%d", len(legacy.Routes), len(current.Routes))
-	}
-
-	if len(legacy.RoutesFirewallRules) != len(current.RoutesFirewallRules) {
-		t.Logf("RoutesFirewallRules count mismatch: legacy=%d, current=%d", len(legacy.RoutesFirewallRules), len(current.RoutesFirewallRules))
-	}
-
-	if legacy.DNSConfig.ServiceEnable != current.DNSConfig.ServiceEnable {
-		t.Errorf("DNSConfig.ServiceEnable mismatch: legacy=%v, current=%v", legacy.DNSConfig.ServiceEnable, current.DNSConfig.ServiceEnable)
-	}
-}
-
-const (
-	numPeers          = 100
-	devGroupID        = "group-dev"
-	opsGroupID        = "group-ops"
-	allGroupID        = "group-all"
-	routeID           = route.ID("route-main")
-	routeHA1ID        = route.ID("route-ha-1")
-	routeHA2ID        = route.ID("route-ha-2")
-	policyIDDevOps    = "policy-dev-ops"
-	policyIDAll       = "policy-all"
-	policyIDPosture   = "policy-posture"
-	policyIDDrop      = "policy-drop"
-	postureCheckID    = "posture-check-ver"
-	networkResourceID = "res-database"
-	networkID         = "net-database"
-	networkRouterID   = "router-database"
-	nameserverGroupID = "ns-group-main"
-	testingPeerID     = "peer-60"
-	expiredPeerID     = "peer-98"
-	offlinePeerID     = "peer-99"
-	routingPeerID     = "peer-95"
-	testAccountID     = "account-comparison-test"
-)
-
-func createTestAccount() *Account {
-	peers := make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer)
-	devGroupPeers, opsGroupPeers, allGroupPeers := []string{}, []string{}, []string{}
-
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		ip := net.IP{100, 64, 0, byte(i + 1)}
-		wtVersion := "0.25.0"
-		if i%2 == 0 {
-			wtVersion = "0.40.0"
-		}
-
-		p := &nbpeer.Peer{
-			ID: peerID, IP: ip, Key: fmt.Sprintf("key-%s", peerID), DNSLabel: fmt.Sprintf("peer%d", i+1),
-			Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()},
-			UserID: "user-admin", Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: wtVersion, GoOS: "linux"},
-		}
-
-		if peerID == expiredPeerID {
-			p.LoginExpirationEnabled = true
-			pastTimestamp := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour)
-			p.LastLogin = &pastTimestamp
-		}
-
-		peers[peerID] = p
-		allGroupPeers = append(allGroupPeers, peerID)
-		if i < numPeers/2 {
-			devGroupPeers = append(devGroupPeers, peerID)
-		} else {
-			opsGroupPeers = append(opsGroupPeers, peerID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	groups := map[string]*Group{
-		allGroupID: {ID: allGroupID, Name: "All", Peers: allGroupPeers},
-		devGroupID: {ID: devGroupID, Name: "Developers", Peers: devGroupPeers},
-		opsGroupID: {ID: opsGroupID, Name: "Operations", Peers: opsGroupPeers},
-	}
-
-	policies := []*Policy{
-		{
-			ID: policyIDAll, Name: "Default-Allow", Enabled: true,
-			Rules: []*PolicyRule{{
-				ID: policyIDAll, Name: "Allow All", Enabled: true, Action: PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-				Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolALL, Bidirectional: true,
-				Sources: []string{allGroupID}, Destinations: []string{allGroupID},
-			}},
-		},
-		{
-			ID: policyIDDevOps, Name: "Dev to Ops Web Access", Enabled: true,
-			Rules: []*PolicyRule{{
-				ID: policyIDDevOps, Name: "Dev -> Ops (HTTP Range)", Enabled: true, Action: PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-				Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolTCP, Bidirectional: false,
-				PortRanges: []RulePortRange{{Start: 8080, End: 8090}},
-				Sources:    []string{devGroupID}, Destinations: []string{opsGroupID},
-			}},
-		},
-		{
-			ID: policyIDDrop, Name: "Drop DB traffic", Enabled: true,
-			Rules: []*PolicyRule{{
-				ID: policyIDDrop, Name: "Drop DB", Enabled: true, Action: PolicyTrafficActionDrop,
-				Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolTCP, Ports: []string{"5432"}, Bidirectional: true,
-				Sources: []string{devGroupID}, Destinations: []string{opsGroupID},
-			}},
-		},
-		{
-			ID: policyIDPosture, Name: "Posture Check for DB Resource", Enabled: true,
-			SourcePostureChecks: []string{postureCheckID},
-			Rules: []*PolicyRule{{
-				ID: policyIDPosture, Name: "Allow DB Access", Enabled: true, Action: PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-				Protocol: PolicyRuleProtocolALL, Bidirectional: true,
-				Sources: []string{opsGroupID}, DestinationResource: Resource{ID: networkResourceID},
-			}},
-		},
-	}
-
-	routes := map[route.ID]*route.Route{
-		routeID: {
-			ID: routeID, Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.10.0/24"),
-			Peer:        peers["peer-75"].Key,
-			PeerID:      "peer-75",
-			Description: "Route to internal resource", Enabled: true,
-			PeerGroups:          []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-			Groups:              []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-			AccessControlGroups: []string{devGroupID},
-		},
-		routeHA1ID: {
-			ID: routeHA1ID, Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.0.0/16"),
-			Peer:        peers["peer-80"].Key,
-			PeerID:      "peer-80",
-			Description: "HA Route 1", Enabled: true, Metric: 1000,
-			PeerGroups:          []string{allGroupID},
-			Groups:              []string{allGroupID},
-			AccessControlGroups: []string{allGroupID},
-		},
-		routeHA2ID: {
-			ID: routeHA2ID, Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.0.0/16"),
-			Peer:        peers["peer-90"].Key,
-			PeerID:      "peer-90",
-			Description: "HA Route 2", Enabled: true, Metric: 900,
-			PeerGroups:          []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-			Groups:              []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-			AccessControlGroups: []string{allGroupID},
-		},
-	}
-
-	account := &Account{
-		Id: testAccountID, Peers: peers, Groups: groups, Policies: policies, Routes: routes,
-		Network: &Network{
-			Identifier: "net-comparison-test", Net: net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32)}, Serial: 1,
-		},
-		DNSSettings: DNSSettings{DisabledManagementGroups: []string{opsGroupID}},
-		NameServerGroups: map[string]*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
-			nameserverGroupID: {
-				ID: nameserverGroupID, Name: "Main NS", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{devGroupID},
-				NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53}},
-			},
-		},
-		PostureChecks: []*posture.Checks{
-			{ID: postureCheckID, Name: "Check version", Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
-				NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.26.0"},
-			}},
-		},
-		NetworkResources: []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
-			{ID: networkResourceID, NetworkID: networkID, AccountID: testAccountID, Enabled: true, Address: "db.netbird.cloud"},
-		},
-		Networks: []*networkTypes.Network{{ID: networkID, Name: "DB Network", AccountID: testAccountID}},
-		NetworkRouters: []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
-			{ID: networkRouterID, NetworkID: networkID, Peer: routingPeerID, Enabled: true, AccountID: testAccountID},
-		},
-		Settings: &Settings{PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true, PeerLoginExpiration: 1 * time.Hour},
-	}
-
-	for _, p := range account.Policies {
-		p.AccountID = account.Id
-	}
-	for _, r := range account.Routes {
-		r.AccountID = account.Id
-	}
-
-	return account
-}
-
-func BenchmarkLegacyNetworkMap(b *testing.B) {
-	account := createTestAccount()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	peerID := testingPeerID
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		pid := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if pid != offlinePeerID {
-			validatedPeersMap[pid] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	peersCustomZone := nbdns.CustomZone{}
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		_ = account.GetPeerNetworkMap(
-			ctx,
-			peerID,
-			peersCustomZone,
-			nil,
-			validatedPeersMap,
-			resourcePolicies,
-			routers,
-			nil,
-			groupIDToUserIDs,
-		)
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkComponentsNetworkMap(b *testing.B) {
-	account := createTestAccount()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	peerID := testingPeerID
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		pid := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if pid != offlinePeerID {
-			validatedPeersMap[pid] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	peersCustomZone := nbdns.CustomZone{}
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
-			ctx,
-			peerID,
-			peersCustomZone,
-			nil,
-			validatedPeersMap,
-			resourcePolicies,
-			routers,
-			groupIDToUserIDs,
-		)
-		_ = CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkComponentsCreation(b *testing.B) {
-	account := createTestAccount()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	peerID := testingPeerID
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		pid := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if pid != offlinePeerID {
-			validatedPeersMap[pid] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	peersCustomZone := nbdns.CustomZone{}
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		_ = account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
-			ctx,
-			peerID,
-			peersCustomZone,
-			nil,
-			validatedPeersMap,
-			resourcePolicies,
-			routers,
-			groupIDToUserIDs,
-		)
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkCalculationFromComponents(b *testing.B) {
-	account := createTestAccount()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	peerID := testingPeerID
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		pid := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if pid != offlinePeerID {
-			validatedPeersMap[pid] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	peersCustomZone := nbdns.CustomZone{}
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
-
-	components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(
-		ctx,
-		peerID,
-		peersCustomZone,
-		nil,
-		validatedPeersMap,
-		resourcePolicies,
-		routers,
-		groupIDToUserIDs,
-	)
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		_ = CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, components)
-	}
-}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap_components_correctness_test.go b/management/server/types/networkmap_components_correctness_test.go
index 5cd41ff10..35b5f7149 100644
--- a/management/server/types/networkmap_components_correctness_test.go
+++ b/management/server/types/networkmap_components_correctness_test.go
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ func buildScalableTestAccount(numPeers, numGroups int, withDefaultPolicy bool) (
 
 	for i := range numPeers {
 		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		ip := net.IP{100, byte(64 + i/65536), byte((i / 256) % 256), byte(i % 256)}
+		ip := netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, byte(64 + i/65536), byte((i / 256) % 256), byte(i % 256)})
 		wtVersion := "0.25.0"
 		if i%2 == 0 {
 			wtVersion = "0.40.0"
@@ -87,13 +89,13 @@ func buildScalableTestAccount(numPeers, numGroups int, withDefaultPolicy bool) (
 		for i := start; i < end; i++ {
 			groupPeers = append(groupPeers, fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i))
 		}
-		groups[groupID] = &types.Group{ID: groupID, Name: fmt.Sprintf("Group %d", g), Peers: groupPeers}
+		groups[groupID] = &types.Group{ID: groupID, PublicID: xid.New().String(), Name: fmt.Sprintf("Group %d", g), Peers: groupPeers}
 	}
 
 	policies := make([]*types.Policy, 0, numGroups+2)
 	if withDefaultPolicy {
 		policies = append(policies, &types.Policy{
-			ID: "policy-all", Name: "Default-Allow", Enabled: true,
+			ID: "policy-all", PublicID: xid.New().String(), Name: "Default-Allow", Enabled: true,
 			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
 				ID: "rule-all", Name: "Allow All", Enabled: true, Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
 				Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL, Bidirectional: true,
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ func buildScalableTestAccount(numPeers, numGroups int, withDefaultPolicy bool) (
 		groupID := fmt.Sprintf("group-%d", g)
 		dstGroup := fmt.Sprintf("group-%d", (g+1)%numGroups)
 		policies = append(policies, &types.Policy{
-			ID: fmt.Sprintf("policy-%d", g), Name: fmt.Sprintf("Policy %d", g), Enabled: true,
+			ID: fmt.Sprintf("policy-%d", g), PublicID: xid.New().String(), Name: fmt.Sprintf("Policy %d", g), Enabled: true,
 			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
 				ID: fmt.Sprintf("rule-%d", g), Name: fmt.Sprintf("Rule %d", g), Enabled: true,
 				Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ func buildScalableTestAccount(numPeers, numGroups int, withDefaultPolicy bool) (
 
 	if numGroups >= 2 {
 		policies = append(policies, &types.Policy{
-			ID: "policy-drop", Name: "Drop DB traffic", Enabled: true,
+			ID: "policy-drop", PublicID: xid.New().String(), Name: "Drop DB traffic", Enabled: true,
 			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
 				ID: "rule-drop", Name: "Drop DB", Enabled: true, Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionDrop,
 				Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP, Ports: []string{"5432"}, Bidirectional: true,
@@ -143,6 +145,7 @@ func buildScalableTestAccount(numPeers, numGroups int, withDefaultPolicy bool) (
 		groupID := fmt.Sprintf("group-%d", r%numGroups)
 		routes[routeID] = &route.Route{
 			ID:                  routeID,
+			PublicID:            xid.New().String(),
 			Network:             netip.MustParsePrefix(fmt.Sprintf("10.%d.0.0/16", r)),
 			Peer:                peers[routePeerID].Key,
 			PeerID:              routePeerID,
@@ -177,18 +180,18 @@ func buildScalableTestAccount(numPeers, numGroups int, withDefaultPolicy bool) (
 		}
 		routerPeerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", routerPeerIdx)
 
-		networksList = append(networksList, &networkTypes.Network{ID: netID, Name: fmt.Sprintf("Network %d", nr), AccountID: "test-account"})
+		networksList = append(networksList, &networkTypes.Network{ID: netID, PublicID: xid.New().String(), Name: fmt.Sprintf("Network %d", nr), AccountID: "test-account"})
 		networkResources = append(networkResources, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
-			ID: resID, NetworkID: netID, AccountID: "test-account", Enabled: true,
+			ID: resID, PublicID: xid.New().String(), NetworkID: netID, AccountID: "test-account", Enabled: true,
 			Address: fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.netbird.cloud", nr),
 		})
 		networkRouters = append(networkRouters, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
-			ID: fmt.Sprintf("router-%d", nr), NetworkID: netID, Peer: routerPeerID,
+			ID: fmt.Sprintf("router-%d", nr), PublicID: xid.New().String(), NetworkID: netID, Peer: routerPeerID,
 			Enabled: true, AccountID: "test-account",
 		})
 
 		policies = append(policies, &types.Policy{
-			ID: fmt.Sprintf("policy-res-%d", nr), Name: fmt.Sprintf("Resource Policy %d", nr), Enabled: true,
+			ID: fmt.Sprintf("policy-res-%d", nr), PublicID: xid.New().String(), Name: fmt.Sprintf("Resource Policy %d", nr), Enabled: true,
 			SourcePostureChecks: []string{"posture-check-ver"},
 			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
 				ID: fmt.Sprintf("rule-res-%d", nr), Name: fmt.Sprintf("Allow Resource %d", nr), Enabled: true,
@@ -214,12 +217,12 @@ func buildScalableTestAccount(numPeers, numGroups int, withDefaultPolicy bool) (
 		DNSSettings: types.DNSSettings{DisabledManagementGroups: []string{}},
 		NameServerGroups: map[string]*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
 			"ns-group-main": {
-				ID: "ns-group-main", Name: "Main NS", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"group-all"},
+				ID: "ns-group-main", PublicID: xid.New().String(), Name: "Main NS", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"group-all"},
 				NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53}},
 			},
 		},
 		PostureChecks: []*posture.Checks{
-			{ID: "posture-check-ver", Name: "Check version", Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			{ID: "posture-check-ver", PublicID: xid.New().String(), Name: "Check version", Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
 				NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.26.0"},
 			}},
 		},
@@ -385,7 +388,7 @@ func TestComponents_NetworkSerial(t *testing.T) {
 	account.Network.Serial = 42
 	nm := componentsNetworkMap(account, "peer-0", validatedPeers)
 	require.NotNil(t, nm)
-	assert.Equal(t, uint64(42), nm.Network.Serial, "network serial should match")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint64(42), nm.Network.CurrentSerial(), "network serial should match")
 }
 
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -809,7 +812,7 @@ func TestComponents_AllPeersGetValidMaps(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		nm := componentsNetworkMap(account, peerID, validatedPeers)
 		require.NotNil(t, nm, "network map should not be nil for %s", peerID)
-		assert.Equal(t, account.Network.Serial, nm.Network.Serial, "serial mismatch for %s", peerID)
+		assert.Equal(t, account.Network.Serial, nm.Network.CurrentSerial(), "serial mismatch for %s", peerID)
 		assert.NotEmpty(t, nm.Peers, "validated peer %s should see other peers", peerID)
 	}
 }
@@ -830,7 +833,7 @@ func TestComponents_LargeScaleMapGeneration(t *testing.T) {
 				require.NotNil(t, nm, "network map should not be nil for %s", peerID)
 				assert.NotEmpty(t, nm.Peers, "peer %s should see other peers at scale", peerID)
 				assert.NotEmpty(t, nm.Routes, "peer %s should have routes at scale", peerID)
-				assert.Equal(t, account.Network.Serial, nm.Network.Serial, "serial mismatch for %s", peerID)
+				assert.Equal(t, account.Network.Serial, nm.Network.CurrentSerial(), "serial mismatch for %s", peerID)
 			}
 		})
 	}
@@ -872,6 +875,89 @@ func TestComponents_PeerAsSourceResource(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, has443, "peer-0 as source resource should have port 443 rule")
 }
 
+func hasFirewallRuleTo(nm *types.NetworkMap, peerIP, port string) bool {
+	for _, rule := range nm.FirewallRules {
+		if rule.PeerIP == peerIP && rule.Port == port {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// TestComponents_PeerAsSourceResource_PostureChecks verifies that a directly referenced
+// source peer is gated by the policy's posture checks like a member of a group holding only
+// that peer: peer-1 (0.25.0) fails the 0.26.0 minimum, peer-2 (0.40.0) passes.
+func TestComponents_PeerAsSourceResource_PostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccountWithoutDefaultPolicy(20, 2)
+
+	for _, sourcePeerID := range []string{"peer-1", "peer-2"} {
+		account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+			ID: "policy-peer-src-" + sourcePeerID, Name: "Peer Source " + sourcePeerID, Enabled: true, AccountID: "test-account",
+			SourcePostureChecks: []string{"posture-check-ver"},
+			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+				ID: "rule-peer-src-" + sourcePeerID, Enabled: true,
+				Action:         types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
+				Protocol:       types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
+				Bidirectional:  true,
+				Ports:          []string{"9443"},
+				SourceResource: types.Resource{ID: sourcePeerID, Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				Destinations:   []string{"group-0"},
+			}},
+		})
+	}
+
+	nm0 := componentsNetworkMap(account, "peer-0", validatedPeers)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm0)
+	assert.False(t, hasFirewallRuleTo(nm0, "100.64.0.1", "9443"), "destination must not see the direct source peer failing the posture check")
+	assert.True(t, hasFirewallRuleTo(nm0, "100.64.0.2", "9443"), "destination must see the direct source peer passing the posture check")
+
+	nm1 := componentsNetworkMap(account, "peer-1", validatedPeers)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm1)
+	assert.False(t, hasFirewallRuleTo(nm1, "100.64.0.0", "9443"), "a direct source peer failing the posture check gets no policy connectivity")
+
+	nm2 := componentsNetworkMap(account, "peer-2", validatedPeers)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm2)
+	assert.True(t, hasFirewallRuleTo(nm2, "100.64.0.0", "9443"), "a direct source peer passing the posture check gets policy connectivity")
+}
+
+// TestComponents_PeerAsResource_Unvalidated verifies that a directly referenced peer is
+// subject to approval like a group member, whether it is the rule's source or destination.
+func TestComponents_PeerAsResource_Unvalidated(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccountWithoutDefaultPolicy(20, 2)
+	delete(validatedPeers, "peer-2")
+
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies,
+		&types.Policy{
+			ID: "policy-unval-src", Name: "Unvalidated Source", Enabled: true, AccountID: "test-account",
+			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+				ID: "rule-unval-src", Enabled: true,
+				Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP, Bidirectional: true,
+				Ports:          []string{"9443"},
+				SourceResource: types.Resource{ID: "peer-2", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+				Destinations:   []string{"group-0"},
+			}},
+		},
+		&types.Policy{
+			ID: "policy-unval-dst", Name: "Unvalidated Destination", Enabled: true, AccountID: "test-account",
+			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+				ID: "rule-unval-dst", Enabled: true,
+				Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP, Bidirectional: true,
+				Ports:               []string{"9444"},
+				Sources:             []string{"group-0"},
+				DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "peer-2", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+			}},
+		},
+	)
+
+	nm0 := componentsNetworkMap(account, "peer-0", validatedPeers)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm0)
+	assert.False(t, hasFirewallRuleTo(nm0, "100.64.0.2", "9443"), "an unvalidated direct source peer must not be admitted")
+	assert.False(t, hasFirewallRuleTo(nm0, "100.64.0.2", "9444"), "an unvalidated direct destination peer must not be admitted")
+	for _, p := range nm0.Peers {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, "peer-2", p.ID, "an unvalidated direct peer must not be shipped as a remote peer")
+	}
+}
+
 // TestComponents_PeerAsDestinationResource verifies that a policy with DestinationResource.Type=Peer
 // targets only that specific peer as the destination.
 func TestComponents_PeerAsDestinationResource(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1029,6 +1115,48 @@ func TestComponents_RouteDefaultPermit(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, hasDefaultPermit, "route without ACG should have default permit rule with 0.0.0.0/0 source")
 }
 
+// TestComponents_ExitNodeDefaultPermitIPv6 verifies that a default exit node route
+// (0.0.0.0/0) without AccessControlGroups also emits an IPv6 default permit rule
+// (::/0 source and destination) for peers that support IPv6, mirroring the route
+// the client installs. Without it, IPv6 traffic is routed to the exit node but
+// dropped at the forward chain.
+func TestComponents_ExitNodeDefaultPermitIPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(20, 2)
+
+	routingPeerID := "peer-5"
+	routingPeer := account.Peers[routingPeerID]
+	routingPeer.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::5")
+	routingPeer.Meta.Capabilities = append(routingPeer.Meta.Capabilities, nbpeer.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay)
+
+	account.Routes["route-exit"] = &route.Route{
+		ID: "route-exit", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0"),
+		PeerID: routingPeerID, Peer: routingPeer.Key,
+		Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"group-all"}, PeerGroups: []string{"group-0"},
+		AccessControlGroups: []string{},
+		AccountID:           "test-account",
+	}
+
+	nm := componentsNetworkMap(account, routingPeerID, validatedPeers)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+	hasV4 := false
+	hasV6 := false
+	for _, rfr := range nm.RoutesFirewallRules {
+		switch rfr.Destination {
+		case "0.0.0.0/0":
+			if slices.Contains(rfr.SourceRanges, "0.0.0.0/0") {
+				hasV4 = true
+			}
+		case "::/0":
+			if slices.Contains(rfr.SourceRanges, "::/0") {
+				hasV6 = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasV4, "exit node route should have an IPv4 default permit rule (0.0.0.0/0)")
+	assert.True(t, hasV6, "exit node route should have an IPv6 default permit rule (::/0)")
+}
+
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 // 15. MULTIPLE ROUTERS PER NETWORK
 // ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -1083,7 +1211,7 @@ func TestComponents_PeerIsNameserverExcludedFromNSGroup(t *testing.T) {
 	nsIP := account.Peers["peer-0"].IP
 	account.NameServerGroups["ns-self"] = &nbdns.NameServerGroup{
 		ID: "ns-self", Name: "Self NS", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"group-all"},
-		NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{{IP: netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{nsIP[0], nsIP[1], nsIP[2], nsIP[3]}), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53}},
+		NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{{IP: nsIP, NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53}},
 	}
 
 	nm := componentsNetworkMap(account, "peer-0", validatedPeers)
@@ -1190,3 +1318,97 @@ func TestComponents_DisabledRuleInEnabledPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.True(t, has3000, "enabled rule should generate firewall rule for port 3000")
 	assert.False(t, has3001, "disabled rule should NOT generate firewall rule for port 3001")
 }
+
+func peerGroupIDSet(account *types.Account, peerID string) map[string]struct{} {
+	return account.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
+}
+
+func assertSSHEquivalence(t *testing.T, account *types.Account, peerID string, validatedPeers map[string]struct{}) {
+	t.Helper()
+	nm := componentsNetworkMap(account, peerID, validatedPeers)
+	require.NotNil(t, nm)
+
+	got := types.PeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies(account.Policies, peerID, peerGroupIDSet(account, peerID), account.Peers[peerID].SSHEnabled)
+	assert.Equalf(t, nm.EnableSSH, got, "PeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies mismatch for %s", peerID)
+}
+
+func TestPeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies_MatchesMap_NetbirdSSHProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(20, 2)
+	account.Groups["ssh-users"] = &types.Group{ID: "ssh-users", Name: "SSH Users", Peers: []string{}}
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-ssh", Name: "SSH Access", Enabled: true, AccountID: "test-account",
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-ssh", Name: "Allow SSH", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH,
+			Bidirectional: false,
+			Sources:       []string{"group-0"}, Destinations: []string{"group-1"},
+			AuthorizedGroups: map[string][]string{"ssh-users": {"root"}},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	assertSSHEquivalence(t, account, "peer-10", validatedPeers)
+	assertSSHEquivalence(t, account, "peer-0", validatedPeers)
+}
+
+func TestPeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies_MatchesMap_NoSSHPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(20, 2)
+	assertSSHEquivalence(t, account, "peer-0", validatedPeers)
+}
+
+func TestPeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies_MatchesMap_LegacyImpliedSSH(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(20, 2)
+	account.Peers["peer-10"].SSHEnabled = true
+	assertSSHEquivalence(t, account, "peer-10", validatedPeers)
+	assertSSHEquivalence(t, account, "peer-11", validatedPeers)
+}
+
+func TestPeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies_MatchesMap_PeerAsDestinationResource(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccountWithoutDefaultPolicy(20, 2)
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-ssh-res", Name: "SSH to peer", Enabled: true, AccountID: "test-account",
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-ssh-res", Name: "SSH to peer-5", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH,
+			Sources:             []string{"group-0"},
+			DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "peer-5", Type: types.ResourceTypePeer},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	assertSSHEquivalence(t, account, "peer-5", validatedPeers)
+	assertSSHEquivalence(t, account, "peer-6", validatedPeers)
+}
+
+func TestPeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies_MatchesMap_DisabledSSHPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccountWithoutDefaultPolicy(20, 2)
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-ssh-off", Name: "SSH disabled", Enabled: false, AccountID: "test-account",
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-ssh-off", Name: "Allow SSH", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH,
+			Sources: []string{"group-0"}, Destinations: []string{"group-1"},
+		}},
+	})
+	assertSSHEquivalence(t, account, "peer-10", validatedPeers)
+}
+
+func TestPeerSSHEnabledFromPolicies_MatchesMap_Sweep(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(60, 6)
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-ssh-sweep", Name: "SSH sweep", Enabled: true, AccountID: "test-account",
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-ssh-sweep", Name: "Allow SSH", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH,
+			Sources: []string{"group-0"}, Destinations: []string{"group-2"},
+		}},
+	})
+	for peerID := range account.Peers {
+		account.Peers[peerID].SSHEnabled = len(peerID)%2 == 0
+	}
+
+	for peerID := range account.Peers {
+		if _, ok := validatedPeers[peerID]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		assertSSHEquivalence(t, account, peerID, validatedPeers)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap_components_test.go b/management/server/types/networkmap_components_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6d542609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/networkmap_components_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+package types_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
+	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
+	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+func networkMapFromComponents(t *testing.T, account *types.Account, peerID string, validatedPeers map[string]struct{}) *types.NetworkMap {
+	t.Helper()
+	return account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(
+		context.Background(),
+		peerID,
+		account.GetPeersCustomZone(context.Background(), "netbird.io"),
+		nil,
+		validatedPeers,
+		account.GetResourcePoliciesMap(),
+		account.GetResourceRoutersMap(),
+		nil,
+		account.GetActiveGroupUsers(),
+	)
+}
+
+func allPeersValidated(account *types.Account, excludePeerIDs ...string) map[string]struct{} {
+	excludeSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(excludePeerIDs))
+	for _, id := range excludePeerIDs {
+		excludeSet[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	validated := make(map[string]struct{}, len(account.Peers))
+	for id := range account.Peers {
+		if _, excluded := excludeSet[id]; !excluded {
+			validated[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return validated
+}
+
+func peerIDs(peers []*nmdata.Peer) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, len(peers))
+	for i, p := range peers {
+		ids[i] = p.ID
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_RegularPeerConnectivity(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, nm)
+	assert.Contains(t, peerIDs(nm.Peers), "peer-dst-1", "should see peer from destination group via bidirectional policy")
+	assert.Contains(t, peerIDs(nm.Peers), "peer-router-1", "should see router peer via resource policy")
+	assert.NotContains(t, peerIDs(nm.Peers), "peer-src-1", "should not see itself")
+	assert.Empty(t, nm.OfflinePeers, "no expired peers expected")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_IntraGroupConnectivity(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-intra-src", Name: "Intra-source connectivity", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-intra-src", Name: "src <-> src", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL,
+			Bidirectional: true,
+			Sources:       []string{"group-src"}, Destinations: []string{"group-src"},
+		}},
+	})
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+	assert.Contains(t, peerIDs(nm.Peers), "peer-src-2", "should see peer from same group with intra-group policy")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_FirewallRules(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	require.NotEmpty(t, nm.FirewallRules, "firewall rules should be generated")
+
+	var hasAcceptAll bool
+	for _, rule := range nm.FirewallRules {
+		if rule.Protocol == string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL) && rule.Action == string(types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept) {
+			hasAcceptAll = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasAcceptAll, "should have an accept-all firewall rule from the base policy")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_LoginExpiration(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	account.Settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled = true
+	account.Settings.PeerLoginExpiration = 1 * time.Hour
+
+	expiredTime := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour)
+	account.Peers["peer-dst-1"].LoginExpirationEnabled = true
+	account.Peers["peer-dst-1"].LastLogin = &expiredTime
+
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, peerIDs(nm.OfflinePeers), "peer-dst-1", "expired peer should be in OfflinePeers")
+	assert.NotContains(t, peerIDs(nm.Peers), "peer-dst-1", "expired peer should NOT be in active Peers")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_InvalidatedPeerExcluded(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account, "peer-dst-1")
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	assert.NotContains(t, peerIDs(nm.Peers), "peer-dst-1", "non-validated peer should be excluded")
+	assert.NotContains(t, peerIDs(nm.OfflinePeers), "peer-dst-1", "non-validated peer should not be in offline peers either")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_NonValidatedTargetPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account, "peer-src-1")
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, nm.Peers, "non-validated target peer should get empty network map")
+	assert.Empty(t, nm.FirewallRules)
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResourceRoutes_SourcePeer(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	var hasResourceRoute bool
+	for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+		if r.Network.String() == "10.200.0.1/32" {
+			hasResourceRoute = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasResourceRoute, "source peer should receive route to network resource via router")
+	assert.Contains(t, peerIDs(nm.Peers), "peer-router-1", "source peer should see the routing peer")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResourceRoutes_RouterPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-router-1", validated)
+
+	var hasResourceRoute bool
+	for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+		if r.Network.String() == "10.200.0.1/32" {
+			hasResourceRoute = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasResourceRoute, "router peer should receive network resource route")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, nm.RoutesFirewallRules, "router peer should have route firewall rules for the resource")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResourceRoutes_UnrelatedPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-dst-1", validated)
+
+	for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, "10.200.0.1/32", r.Network.String(), "unrelated peer should not receive network resource route")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResource_WithPostureCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.PostureChecks = []*posture.Checks{
+		{ID: "pc-version", Name: "Version check", Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.30.0"},
+		}},
+	}
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-posture-resource", Name: "Posture resource access", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+		SourcePostureChecks: []string{"pc-version"},
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-posture-resource", Name: "Posture -> Resource", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL,
+			Sources:             []string{"group-src"},
+			DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "resource-guarded"},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	account.NetworkResources = append(account.NetworkResources, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID: "resource-guarded", NetworkID: "net-guarded", AccountID: account.Id, Enabled: true,
+		Type: resourceTypes.Host, Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.200.1.1/32"), Address: "10.200.1.1/32",
+	})
+	account.Networks = append(account.Networks, &networkTypes.Network{
+		ID: "net-guarded", Name: "Guarded Net", AccountID: account.Id,
+	})
+	account.NetworkRouters = append(account.NetworkRouters, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID: "router-guarded", NetworkID: "net-guarded", Peer: "peer-router-1", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer passes posture check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.35.0"
+		nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+		var hasGuardedRoute bool
+		for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+			if r.Network.String() == "10.200.1.1/32" {
+				hasGuardedRoute = true
+			}
+		}
+		assert.True(t, hasGuardedRoute, "peer passing posture check should get guarded resource route")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer fails posture check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.20.0"
+		nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+		for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+			assert.NotEqual(t, "10.200.1.1/32", r.Network.String(), "peer failing posture check should NOT get guarded resource route")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResource_MultiplePostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.PostureChecks = []*posture.Checks{
+		{ID: "pc-version", Name: "Version", Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.30.0"},
+		}},
+		{ID: "pc-os", Name: "OS check", Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
+			OSVersionCheck: &posture.OSVersionCheck{Linux: &posture.MinKernelVersionCheck{MinKernelVersion: "5.0"}},
+		}},
+	}
+
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-multi-posture", Name: "Multi posture", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+		SourcePostureChecks: []string{"pc-version", "pc-os"},
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-multi-posture", Name: "Multi posture rule", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL,
+			Sources:             []string{"group-src"},
+			DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "resource-strict"},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	account.NetworkResources = append(account.NetworkResources, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID: "resource-strict", NetworkID: "net-strict", AccountID: account.Id, Enabled: true,
+		Type: resourceTypes.Host, Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.200.2.1/32"), Address: "10.200.2.1/32",
+	})
+	account.Networks = append(account.Networks, &networkTypes.Network{
+		ID: "net-strict", Name: "Strict Net", AccountID: account.Id,
+	})
+	account.NetworkRouters = append(account.NetworkRouters, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID: "router-strict", NetworkID: "net-strict", Peer: "peer-router-1", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+	})
+
+	t.Run("passes both posture checks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.35.0"
+		account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.GoOS = "linux"
+		account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.KernelVersion = "6.1.0"
+		nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+		var found bool
+		for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+			if r.Network.String() == "10.200.2.1/32" {
+				found = true
+			}
+		}
+		assert.True(t, found, "peer passing both checks should get resource route")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("fails version posture check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.20.0"
+		account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.KernelVersion = "6.1.0"
+		nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+		for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+			assert.NotEqual(t, "10.200.2.1/32", r.Network.String(), "peer failing version check should NOT get resource route")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("fails OS posture check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.35.0"
+		account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.KernelVersion = "4.0.0"
+		nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+		for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+			assert.NotEqual(t, "10.200.2.1/32", r.Network.String(), "peer failing OS check should NOT get resource route")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_RouterPeerFirewallRules(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-router-1", validated)
+
+	var resourceFWRules []*types.RouteFirewallRule
+	for _, rule := range nm.RoutesFirewallRules {
+		if rule.Destination == "10.200.0.1/32" {
+			resourceFWRules = append(resourceFWRules, rule)
+		}
+	}
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, resourceFWRules, "router should have firewall rules for the network resource")
+
+	var hasSourcePeerIP bool
+	for _, rule := range resourceFWRules {
+		for _, sr := range rule.SourceRanges {
+			if sr == account.Peers["peer-src-1"].IP.String()+"/32" || sr == account.Peers["peer-src-2"].IP.String()+"/32" {
+				hasSourcePeerIP = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasSourcePeerIP, "resource firewall rules should include source peer IPs")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_DNSManagement(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	t.Run("peer in DNS-enabled group", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+		assert.True(t, nm.DNSConfig.ServiceEnable, "peer in non-disabled group should have DNS enabled")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer in DNS-disabled group", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-dst-1", validated)
+		assert.False(t, nm.DNSConfig.ServiceEnable, "peer in DNS-disabled group should have DNS disabled")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_NameServerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+	assert.True(t, nm.DNSConfig.ServiceEnable)
+
+	var hasNSGroup bool
+	for _, ns := range nm.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups {
+		if ns.ID == "ns-main" {
+			hasNSGroup = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasNSGroup, "peer in NS group should receive nameserver configuration")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_RoutesWithHADeduplication(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.Routes["route-ha-1"] = &route.Route{
+		ID: "route-ha-1", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
+		Peer: account.Peers["peer-dst-1"].Key, PeerID: "peer-dst-1",
+		Enabled: true, Metric: 100, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Groups: []string{"group-src", "group-dst"}, PeerGroups: []string{"group-dst"},
+	}
+	account.Routes["route-ha-2"] = &route.Route{
+		ID: "route-ha-2", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/16"),
+		Peer: account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Key, PeerID: "peer-src-1",
+		Enabled: true, Metric: 200, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Groups: []string{"group-src", "group-dst"}, PeerGroups: []string{"group-src"},
+	}
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	haCount := 0
+	for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+		if r.Network.String() == "172.16.0.0/16" {
+			haCount++
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, haCount, "peer should only receive one route from HA group (not both, since it's a member of one)")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_RoutesFirewallRulesForAccessControl(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.Routes["route-acl"] = &route.Route{
+		ID: "route-acl", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.100.0/24"),
+		Peer: account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Key, PeerID: "peer-src-1",
+		Enabled: true, Metric: 100, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Groups:              []string{"group-dst"},
+		PeerGroups:          []string{"group-src"},
+		AccessControlGroups: []string{"group-dst"},
+	}
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	var hasFWRule bool
+	for _, rule := range nm.RoutesFirewallRules {
+		if rule.Destination == "192.168.100.0/24" {
+			hasFWRule = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasFWRule, "routing peer should have firewall rules for route with access control groups")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_RoutesDefaultPermit(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.Routes["route-open"] = &route.Route{
+		ID: "route-open", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.99.0.0/16"),
+		Peer: account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Key, PeerID: "peer-src-1",
+		Enabled: true, Metric: 100, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Groups:     []string{"group-src"},
+		PeerGroups: []string{"group-src"},
+	}
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	var hasFWRule bool
+	for _, rule := range nm.RoutesFirewallRules {
+		if rule.Destination == "10.99.0.0/16" {
+			hasFWRule = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasFWRule, "route without access control groups should have default permit firewall rules")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_SSHAuthorizedUsers(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.Peers["peer-dst-1"].SSHEnabled = true
+
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-ssh", Name: "SSH Access", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-ssh", Name: "SSH to dst", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL,
+			Bidirectional: true,
+			Sources:       []string{"group-src"}, Destinations: []string{"group-dst"},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-dst-1", validated)
+	assert.True(t, nm.EnableSSH, "SSH-enabled peer with matching policy should have EnableSSH")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_DisabledPolicyIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	for _, p := range account.Policies {
+		p.Enabled = false
+	}
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+	assert.Empty(t, nm.Peers, "with all policies disabled, peer should see no other peers")
+	assert.Empty(t, nm.FirewallRules)
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_DisabledRouteIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	for _, r := range account.Routes {
+		r.Enabled = false
+	}
+	for _, r := range account.NetworkResources {
+		r.Enabled = false
+	}
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+	assert.Empty(t, nm.Routes, "disabled routes should not appear in network map")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_DisabledNetworkResourceIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	for _, r := range account.NetworkResources {
+		r.Enabled = false
+	}
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-router-1", validated)
+
+	for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, "10.200.0.1/32", r.Network.String(), "disabled resource should not generate routes")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_BidirectionalPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nmSrc := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+	nmDst := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-dst-1", validated)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, peerIDs(nmSrc.Peers), "peer-dst-1", "src should see dst via bidirectional policy")
+	assert.Contains(t, peerIDs(nmDst.Peers), "peer-src-1", "dst should see src via bidirectional policy")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_DropPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-drop", Name: "Drop traffic", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-drop", Name: "Drop src->dst", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionDrop, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
+			Ports:   []string{"5432"},
+			Sources: []string{"group-src"}, Destinations: []string{"group-dst"},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	var hasDropRule bool
+	for _, rule := range nm.FirewallRules {
+		if rule.Action == string(types.PolicyTrafficActionDrop) && rule.Port == "5432" {
+			hasDropRule = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasDropRule, "drop policy should generate drop firewall rule")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_PortRangePolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.Peers["peer-src-1"].Meta.WtVersion = "0.50.0"
+
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-range", Name: "Port range", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-range", Name: "Range rule", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP,
+			PortRanges: []types.RulePortRange{{Start: 8080, End: 8090}},
+			Sources:    []string{"group-src"}, Destinations: []string{"group-dst"},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	var hasRangeRule bool
+	for _, rule := range nm.FirewallRules {
+		if rule.PortRange.Start == 8080 && rule.PortRange.End == 8090 {
+			hasRangeRule = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasRangeRule, "port range policy should generate corresponding firewall rule")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_MultipleNetworkResources(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.NetworkResources = append(account.NetworkResources, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID: "resource-2", NetworkID: "net-1", AccountID: account.Id, Enabled: true,
+		Type: resourceTypes.Host, Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.200.0.2/32"), Address: "10.200.0.2/32",
+	})
+	account.Groups["group-res2"] = &types.Group{ID: "group-res2", Name: "Resource 2 Group", Peers: []string{"peer-src-1", "peer-src-2"},
+		Resources: []types.Resource{{ID: "resource-2"}},
+	}
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-res2", Name: "Resource 2 Policy", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-res2", Name: "Access Resource 2", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL,
+			Sources:             []string{"group-src"},
+			DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "resource-2"},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-router-1", validated)
+
+	resourceRouteCount := 0
+	for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+		if r.Network.String() == "10.200.0.1/32" || r.Network.String() == "10.200.0.2/32" {
+			resourceRouteCount++
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, resourceRouteCount, "router should have routes for both network resources")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_DomainNetworkResource(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.NetworkResources = append(account.NetworkResources, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID: "resource-domain", NetworkID: "net-1", AccountID: account.Id, Enabled: true,
+		Type: resourceTypes.Domain, Domain: "api.example.com", Address: "api.example.com",
+	})
+	account.Groups["group-res-domain"] = &types.Group{
+		ID: "group-res-domain", Name: "Domain Resource Group",
+		Resources: []types.Resource{{ID: "resource-domain"}},
+	}
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-domain", Name: "Domain resource policy", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-domain", Name: "Access domain resource", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL,
+			Sources:             []string{"group-src"},
+			DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "resource-domain"},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-src-1", validated)
+
+	var hasDomainRoute bool
+	for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+		if r.NetworkType == int(route.DomainNetwork) && len(r.Domains) > 0 && r.Domains[0].SafeString() == "api.example.com" {
+			hasDomainRoute = true
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, hasDomainRoute, "source peer should receive domain route for domain network resource")
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_NetworkEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "nonexistent-peer", validated)
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, nm)
+	assert.Empty(t, nm.Peers)
+	assert.Empty(t, nm.FirewallRules)
+	assert.NotNil(t, nm.Network)
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapComponents_RouterExcludesOtherNetworkRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	account := createComponentTestAccount()
+	validated := allPeersValidated(account)
+
+	account.NetworkResources = append(account.NetworkResources, &resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+		ID: "resource-other", NetworkID: "net-other", AccountID: account.Id, Enabled: true,
+		Type: resourceTypes.Host, Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.200.99.1/32"), Address: "10.200.99.1/32",
+	})
+	account.Networks = append(account.Networks, &networkTypes.Network{
+		ID: "net-other", Name: "Other Net", AccountID: account.Id,
+	})
+	account.NetworkRouters = append(account.NetworkRouters, &routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+		ID: "router-other", NetworkID: "net-other", Peer: "peer-dst-1", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+	})
+	account.Groups["group-res-other"] = &types.Group{ID: "group-res-other", Name: "Other resource group",
+		Resources: []types.Resource{{ID: "resource-other"}},
+	}
+	account.Policies = append(account.Policies, &types.Policy{
+		ID: "policy-other-resource", Name: "Other resource policy", Enabled: true, AccountID: account.Id,
+		Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+			ID: "rule-other", Name: "Other resource access", Enabled: true,
+			Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL,
+			Sources:             []string{"group-src"},
+			DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "resource-other"},
+		}},
+	})
+
+	nm := networkMapFromComponents(t, account, "peer-router-1", validated)
+
+	for _, r := range nm.Routes {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, "10.200.99.1/32", r.Network.String(), "router-1 should NOT get routes for other network's resources")
+	}
+}
+
+func createComponentTestAccount() *types.Account {
+	peers := map[string]*nbpeer.Peer{
+		"peer-src-1": {
+			ID: "peer-src-1", IP: netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}), Key: "key-src-1", DNSLabel: "src1",
+			Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()}, UserID: "user-1",
+			Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.35.0", GoOS: "linux"},
+		},
+		"peer-src-2": {
+			ID: "peer-src-2", IP: netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 2}), Key: "key-src-2", DNSLabel: "src2",
+			Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()}, UserID: "user-1",
+			Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.35.0", GoOS: "linux"},
+		},
+		"peer-dst-1": {
+			ID: "peer-dst-1", IP: netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 3}), Key: "key-dst-1", DNSLabel: "dst1",
+			Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()}, UserID: "user-2",
+			Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.35.0", GoOS: "linux"},
+		},
+		"peer-router-1": {
+			ID: "peer-router-1", IP: netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 10}), Key: "key-router-1", DNSLabel: "router1",
+			Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()}, UserID: "user-1",
+			Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.35.0", GoOS: "linux"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	groups := map[string]*types.Group{
+		"group-src": {ID: "group-src", Name: "Sources", Peers: []string{"peer-src-1", "peer-src-2"}},
+		"group-dst": {ID: "group-dst", Name: "Destinations", Peers: []string{"peer-dst-1"}},
+		"group-all": {ID: "group-all", Name: "All", Peers: []string{"peer-src-1", "peer-src-2", "peer-dst-1", "peer-router-1"}},
+		"group-res": {
+			ID: "group-res", Name: "Resource Group",
+			Resources: []types.Resource{{ID: "resource-1"}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	policies := []*types.Policy{
+		{
+			ID: "policy-base", Name: "Base connectivity", Enabled: true,
+			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+				ID: "rule-base", Name: "Allow src <-> dst", Enabled: true,
+				Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL,
+				Bidirectional: true,
+				Sources:       []string{"group-src"}, Destinations: []string{"group-dst"},
+			}},
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "policy-resource", Name: "Network resource access", Enabled: true,
+			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
+				ID: "rule-resource", Name: "Source -> Resource", Enabled: true,
+				Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept, Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL,
+				Sources:             []string{"group-src"},
+				DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: "resource-1"},
+			}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	routes := map[route.ID]*route.Route{
+		"route-main": {
+			ID: "route-main", Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.10.0/24"),
+			Peer: peers["peer-dst-1"].Key, PeerID: "peer-dst-1",
+			Enabled: true, Metric: 100,
+			Groups: []string{"group-src", "group-dst"}, PeerGroups: []string{"group-dst"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	users := map[string]*types.User{
+		"user-1": {Id: "user-1", Role: types.UserRoleAdmin, IsServiceUser: false, AutoGroups: []string{"group-all"}},
+		"user-2": {Id: "user-2", Role: types.UserRoleUser, IsServiceUser: false, AutoGroups: []string{"group-all"}},
+	}
+
+	account := &types.Account{
+		Id: "account-components-test", Peers: peers, Groups: groups, Policies: policies, Routes: routes,
+		Users: users,
+		Network: &types.Network{
+			Identifier: "net-test", Net: net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32)}, Serial: 1,
+		},
+		DNSSettings: types.DNSSettings{DisabledManagementGroups: []string{"group-dst"}},
+		NameServerGroups: map[string]*nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+			"ns-main": {
+				ID: "ns-main", Name: "Main NS", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"group-src"},
+				NameServers: []nbdns.NameServer{{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"), NSType: nbdns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53}},
+			},
+		},
+		PostureChecks: []*posture.Checks{},
+		NetworkResources: []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
+			{
+				ID: "resource-1", NetworkID: "net-1", AccountID: "account-components-test", Enabled: true,
+				Type: resourceTypes.Host, Prefix: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.200.0.1/32"), Address: "10.200.0.1/32",
+			},
+		},
+		Networks: []*networkTypes.Network{
+			{ID: "net-1", Name: "Resource Net", AccountID: "account-components-test"},
+		},
+		NetworkRouters: []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
+			{ID: "router-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Peer: "peer-router-1", Enabled: true, AccountID: "account-components-test"},
+		},
+		Settings: &types.Settings{PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: false, PeerLoginExpiration: 24 * time.Hour},
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range account.Policies {
+		p.AccountID = account.Id
+	}
+	for _, r := range account.Routes {
+		r.AccountID = account.Id
+	}
+
+	return account
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap_golden_test.go b/management/server/types/networkmap_golden_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 53261f22d..000000000
--- a/management/server/types/networkmap_golden_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,967 +0,0 @@
-package types_test
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"slices"
-	"sort"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
-	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
-	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
-	networkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/types"
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/posture"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
-)
-
-const (
-	numPeers          = 100
-	devGroupID        = "group-dev"
-	opsGroupID        = "group-ops"
-	allGroupID        = "group-all"
-	sshUsersGroupID   = "group-ssh-users"
-	routeID           = route.ID("route-main")
-	routeHA1ID        = route.ID("route-ha-1")
-	routeHA2ID        = route.ID("route-ha-2")
-	policyIDDevOps    = "policy-dev-ops"
-	policyIDAll       = "policy-all"
-	policyIDPosture   = "policy-posture"
-	policyIDDrop      = "policy-drop"
-	policyIDSSH       = "policy-ssh"
-	postureCheckID    = "posture-check-ver"
-	networkResourceID = "res-database"
-	networkID         = "net-database"
-	networkRouterID   = "router-database"
-	nameserverGroupID = "ns-group-main"
-	testingPeerID     = "peer-60" // A peer from the "dev" group, should receive the most detailed map.
-	expiredPeerID     = "peer-98" // This peer will be online but with an expired session.
-	offlinePeerID     = "peer-99" // This peer will be completely offline.
-	routingPeerID     = "peer-95" // This peer is used for routing, it has a route to the network.
-	testAccountID     = "account-golden-test"
-	userAdminID       = "user-admin"
-	userDevID         = "user-dev"
-	userOpsID         = "user-ops"
-)
-
-func TestGetPeerNetworkMap_Golden(t *testing.T) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if peerID == offlinePeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-
-	legacyNetworkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, []*zones.Zone{}, validatedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(legacyNetworkMap)
-	legacyJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(legacyNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling legacy network map to JSON")
-
-	builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-	newNetworkMap := builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(newNetworkMap)
-	newJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(newNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling new network map to JSON")
-
-	if string(legacyJSON) != string(newJSON) {
-		legacyFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden.json")
-		newFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_new.json")
-
-		err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(legacyFilePath), 0755)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(legacyFilePath, legacyJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved legacy network map to %s", legacyFilePath)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(newFilePath, newJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved new network map to %s", newFilePath)
-
-		require.JSONEq(t, string(legacyJSON), string(newJSON), "network maps from legacy and new builder do not match")
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkGetPeerNetworkMap(b *testing.B) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	var peerIDs []string
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-		peerIDs = append(peerIDs, peerID)
-	}
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	b.Run("old builder", func(b *testing.B) {
-		for range b.N {
-			for _, peerID := range peerIDs {
-				_ = account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, peerID, dns.CustomZone{}, []*zones.Zone{}, validatedPeersMap, nil, nil, nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-			}
-		}
-	})
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	b.Run("new builder", func(b *testing.B) {
-		for range b.N {
-			builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-			for _, peerID := range peerIDs {
-				_ = builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, peerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestGetPeerNetworkMap_Golden_WithNewPeer(t *testing.T) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if peerID == offlinePeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-
-	newPeerID := "peer-new-101"
-	newPeerIP := net.IP{100, 64, 1, 1}
-	newPeer := &nbpeer.Peer{
-		ID:        newPeerID,
-		IP:        newPeerIP,
-		Key:       fmt.Sprintf("key-%s", newPeerID),
-		DNSLabel:  "peernew101",
-		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()},
-		UserID:    "user-admin",
-		Meta:      nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.26.0", GoOS: "linux"},
-		LastLogin: func() *time.Time { t := time.Now(); return &t }(),
-	}
-
-	account.Peers[newPeerID] = newPeer
-
-	if devGroup, exists := account.Groups[devGroupID]; exists {
-		devGroup.Peers = append(devGroup.Peers, newPeerID)
-	}
-
-	if allGroup, exists := account.Groups[allGroupID]; exists {
-		allGroup.Peers = append(allGroup.Peers, newPeerID)
-	}
-
-	validatedPeersMap[newPeerID] = struct{}{}
-
-	if account.Network != nil {
-		account.Network.Serial++
-	}
-
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-
-	legacyNetworkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, []*zones.Zone{}, validatedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(legacyNetworkMap)
-	legacyJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(legacyNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling legacy network map to JSON")
-
-	err = builder.OnPeerAddedIncremental(account, newPeerID)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error adding peer to cache")
-
-	newNetworkMap := builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(newNetworkMap)
-	newJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(newNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling new network map to JSON")
-
-	if string(legacyJSON) != string(newJSON) {
-		legacyFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_with_new_peer.json")
-		newFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_new_with_onpeeradded.json")
-
-		err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(legacyFilePath), 0755)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(legacyFilePath, legacyJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved legacy network map to %s", legacyFilePath)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(newFilePath, newJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved new network map to %s", newFilePath)
-
-		require.JSONEq(t, string(legacyJSON), string(newJSON), "network maps with new peer from legacy and new builder do not match")
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkGetPeerNetworkMap_AfterPeerAdded(b *testing.B) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	var peerIDs []string
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-		peerIDs = append(peerIDs, peerID)
-	}
-	builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-	newPeerID := "peer-new-101"
-	newPeer := &nbpeer.Peer{
-		ID:       newPeerID,
-		IP:       net.IP{100, 64, 1, 1},
-		Key:      fmt.Sprintf("key-%s", newPeerID),
-		DNSLabel: "peernew101",
-		Status:   &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()},
-		UserID:   "user-admin",
-		Meta:     nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.26.0", GoOS: "linux"},
-	}
-
-	account.Peers[newPeerID] = newPeer
-	account.Groups[devGroupID].Peers = append(account.Groups[devGroupID].Peers, newPeerID)
-	account.Groups[allGroupID].Peers = append(account.Groups[allGroupID].Peers, newPeerID)
-	validatedPeersMap[newPeerID] = struct{}{}
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	b.Run("old builder after add", func(b *testing.B) {
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			for _, testingPeerID := range peerIDs {
-				_ = account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, []*zones.Zone{}, validatedPeersMap, nil, nil, nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-			}
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	b.Run("new builder after add", func(b *testing.B) {
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			_ = builder.OnPeerAddedIncremental(account, newPeerID)
-			for _, testingPeerID := range peerIDs {
-				_ = builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestGetPeerNetworkMap_Golden_WithNewRoutingPeer(t *testing.T) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if peerID == offlinePeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-
-	newRouterID := "peer-new-router-102"
-	newRouterIP := net.IP{100, 64, 1, 2}
-	newRouter := &nbpeer.Peer{
-		ID:        newRouterID,
-		IP:        newRouterIP,
-		Key:       fmt.Sprintf("key-%s", newRouterID),
-		DNSLabel:  "newrouter102",
-		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()},
-		UserID:    "user-admin",
-		Meta:      nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.26.0", GoOS: "linux"},
-		LastLogin: func() *time.Time { t := time.Now(); return &t }(),
-	}
-
-	account.Peers[newRouterID] = newRouter
-
-	if opsGroup, exists := account.Groups[opsGroupID]; exists {
-		opsGroup.Peers = append(opsGroup.Peers, newRouterID)
-	}
-
-	if allGroup, exists := account.Groups[allGroupID]; exists {
-		allGroup.Peers = append(allGroup.Peers, newRouterID)
-	}
-
-	newRoute := &route.Route{
-		ID:                  route.ID("route-new-router"),
-		Network:             netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/24"),
-		Peer:                newRouter.Key,
-		PeerID:              newRouterID,
-		Description:         "Route from new router",
-		Enabled:             true,
-		PeerGroups:          []string{opsGroupID},
-		Groups:              []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-		AccessControlGroups: []string{devGroupID},
-		AccountID:           account.Id,
-	}
-	account.Routes[newRoute.ID] = newRoute
-
-	validatedPeersMap[newRouterID] = struct{}{}
-
-	if account.Network != nil {
-		account.Network.Serial++
-	}
-
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-
-	legacyNetworkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, []*zones.Zone{}, validatedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(legacyNetworkMap)
-	legacyJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(legacyNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling legacy network map to JSON")
-
-	err = builder.OnPeerAddedIncremental(account, newRouterID)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error adding router to cache")
-
-	newNetworkMap := builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(newNetworkMap)
-	newJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(newNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling new network map to JSON")
-
-	if string(legacyJSON) != string(newJSON) {
-		legacyFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_with_new_router.json")
-		newFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_new_with_onpeeradded_router.json")
-
-		err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(legacyFilePath), 0755)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(legacyFilePath, legacyJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved legacy network map to %s", legacyFilePath)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(newFilePath, newJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved new network map to %s", newFilePath)
-
-		require.JSONEq(t, string(legacyJSON), string(newJSON), "network maps with new router from legacy and new builder do not match")
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkGetPeerNetworkMap_AfterRouterPeerAdded(b *testing.B) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	var peerIDs []string
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-		peerIDs = append(peerIDs, peerID)
-	}
-	builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-	newRouterID := "peer-new-router-102"
-	newRouterIP := net.IP{100, 64, 1, 2}
-	newRouter := &nbpeer.Peer{
-		ID:        newRouterID,
-		IP:        newRouterIP,
-		Key:       fmt.Sprintf("key-%s", newRouterID),
-		DNSLabel:  "newrouter102",
-		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()},
-		UserID:    "user-admin",
-		Meta:      nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.26.0", GoOS: "linux"},
-		LastLogin: func() *time.Time { t := time.Now(); return &t }(),
-	}
-
-	account.Peers[newRouterID] = newRouter
-
-	if opsGroup, exists := account.Groups[opsGroupID]; exists {
-		opsGroup.Peers = append(opsGroup.Peers, newRouterID)
-	}
-	if allGroup, exists := account.Groups[allGroupID]; exists {
-		allGroup.Peers = append(allGroup.Peers, newRouterID)
-	}
-
-	newRoute := &route.Route{
-		ID:                  route.ID("route-new-router"),
-		Network:             netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/24"),
-		Peer:                newRouter.Key,
-		PeerID:              newRouterID,
-		Description:         "Route from new router",
-		Enabled:             true,
-		PeerGroups:          []string{opsGroupID},
-		Groups:              []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-		AccessControlGroups: []string{devGroupID},
-		AccountID:           account.Id,
-	}
-	account.Routes[newRoute.ID] = newRoute
-
-	validatedPeersMap[newRouterID] = struct{}{}
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	b.Run("old builder after add", func(b *testing.B) {
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			for _, testingPeerID := range peerIDs {
-				_ = account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, []*zones.Zone{}, validatedPeersMap, nil, nil, nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-			}
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	b.Run("new builder after add", func(b *testing.B) {
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			_ = builder.OnPeerAddedIncremental(account, newRouterID)
-			for _, testingPeerID := range peerIDs {
-				_ = builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func TestGetPeerNetworkMap_Golden_WithDeletedPeer(t *testing.T) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if peerID == offlinePeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-
-	deletedPeerID := "peer-25"
-
-	delete(account.Peers, deletedPeerID)
-
-	if devGroup, exists := account.Groups[devGroupID]; exists {
-		devGroup.Peers = slices.DeleteFunc(devGroup.Peers, func(id string) bool {
-			return id == deletedPeerID
-		})
-	}
-
-	if allGroup, exists := account.Groups[allGroupID]; exists {
-		allGroup.Peers = slices.DeleteFunc(allGroup.Peers, func(id string) bool {
-			return id == deletedPeerID
-		})
-	}
-
-	delete(validatedPeersMap, deletedPeerID)
-
-	if account.Network != nil {
-		account.Network.Serial++
-	}
-
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-
-	legacyNetworkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, []*zones.Zone{}, validatedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(legacyNetworkMap)
-	legacyJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(legacyNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling legacy network map to JSON")
-
-	err = builder.OnPeerDeleted(account, deletedPeerID)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error deleting peer from cache")
-
-	newNetworkMap := builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(newNetworkMap)
-	newJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(newNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling new network map to JSON")
-
-	if string(legacyJSON) != string(newJSON) {
-		legacyFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_with_deleted_peer.json")
-		newFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_new_with_onpeerdeleted.json")
-
-		err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(legacyFilePath), 0755)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(legacyFilePath, legacyJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved legacy network map to %s", legacyFilePath)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(newFilePath, newJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved new network map to %s", newFilePath)
-
-		require.JSONEq(t, string(legacyJSON), string(newJSON), "network maps with deleted peer from legacy and new builder do not match")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGetPeerNetworkMap_Golden_WithDeletedRouterPeer(t *testing.T) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if peerID == offlinePeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-
-	deletedRouterID := "peer-75"
-
-	var affectedRoute *route.Route
-	for _, r := range account.Routes {
-		if r.PeerID == deletedRouterID {
-			affectedRoute = r
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	require.NotNil(t, affectedRoute, "Router peer should have a route")
-
-	for _, group := range account.Groups {
-		group.Peers = slices.DeleteFunc(group.Peers, func(id string) bool {
-			return id == deletedRouterID
-		})
-	}
-
-	for routeID, r := range account.Routes {
-		if r.Peer == account.Peers[deletedRouterID].Key || r.PeerID == deletedRouterID {
-			delete(account.Routes, routeID)
-		}
-	}
-	delete(account.Peers, deletedRouterID)
-	delete(validatedPeersMap, deletedRouterID)
-
-	if account.Network != nil {
-		account.Network.Serial++
-	}
-
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-
-	legacyNetworkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, []*zones.Zone{}, validatedPeersMap, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(legacyNetworkMap)
-	legacyJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(legacyNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling legacy network map to JSON")
-
-	err = builder.OnPeerDeleted(account, deletedRouterID)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error deleting routing peer from cache")
-
-	newNetworkMap := builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(newNetworkMap)
-	newJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(toNetworkMapJSON(newNetworkMap), "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling new network map to JSON")
-
-	if string(legacyJSON) != string(newJSON) {
-		legacyFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_with_deleted_router_peer.json")
-		newFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_new_with_deleted_router.json")
-
-		err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(legacyFilePath), 0755)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(legacyFilePath, legacyJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved legacy network map to %s", legacyFilePath)
-
-		err = os.WriteFile(newFilePath, newJSON, 0644)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		t.Logf("Saved new network map to %s", newFilePath)
-
-		require.JSONEq(t, string(legacyJSON), string(newJSON), "network maps with deleted router from legacy and new builder do not match")
-	}
-}
-
-func BenchmarkGetPeerNetworkMap_AfterPeerDeleted(b *testing.B) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	var peerIDs []string
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-		peerIDs = append(peerIDs, peerID)
-	}
-
-	deletedPeerID := "peer-25"
-
-	delete(account.Peers, deletedPeerID)
-	account.Groups[devGroupID].Peers = slices.DeleteFunc(account.Groups[devGroupID].Peers, func(id string) bool {
-		return id == deletedPeerID
-	})
-	account.Groups[allGroupID].Peers = slices.DeleteFunc(account.Groups[allGroupID].Peers, func(id string) bool {
-		return id == deletedPeerID
-	})
-	delete(validatedPeersMap, deletedPeerID)
-
-	builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	b.Run("old builder after delete", func(b *testing.B) {
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			for _, testingPeerID := range peerIDs {
-				_ = account.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, []*zones.Zone{}, validatedPeersMap, nil, nil, nil, account.GetActiveGroupUsers())
-			}
-		}
-	})
-
-	b.ResetTimer()
-	b.Run("new builder after delete", func(b *testing.B) {
-		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-			_ = builder.OnPeerDeleted(account, deletedPeerID)
-			for _, testingPeerID := range peerIDs {
-				_ = builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-			}
-		}
-	})
-}
-
-func normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(networkMap *types.NetworkMap) {
-	for _, peer := range networkMap.Peers {
-		if peer.Status != nil {
-			peer.Status.LastSeen = time.Time{}
-		}
-		peer.LastLogin = &time.Time{}
-	}
-	for _, peer := range networkMap.OfflinePeers {
-		if peer.Status != nil {
-			peer.Status.LastSeen = time.Time{}
-		}
-		peer.LastLogin = &time.Time{}
-	}
-
-	sort.Slice(networkMap.Peers, func(i, j int) bool { return networkMap.Peers[i].ID < networkMap.Peers[j].ID })
-	sort.Slice(networkMap.OfflinePeers, func(i, j int) bool { return networkMap.OfflinePeers[i].ID < networkMap.OfflinePeers[j].ID })
-	sort.Slice(networkMap.Routes, func(i, j int) bool { return networkMap.Routes[i].ID < networkMap.Routes[j].ID })
-
-	sort.Slice(networkMap.FirewallRules, func(i, j int) bool {
-		r1, r2 := networkMap.FirewallRules[i], networkMap.FirewallRules[j]
-		if r1.PeerIP != r2.PeerIP {
-			return r1.PeerIP < r2.PeerIP
-		}
-		if r1.Protocol != r2.Protocol {
-			return r1.Protocol < r2.Protocol
-		}
-		if r1.Direction != r2.Direction {
-			return r1.Direction < r2.Direction
-		}
-		if r1.Action != r2.Action {
-			return r1.Action < r2.Action
-		}
-		return r1.Port < r2.Port
-	})
-
-	sort.Slice(networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules, func(i, j int) bool {
-		r1, r2 := networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules[i], networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules[j]
-		if r1.RouteID != r2.RouteID {
-			return r1.RouteID < r2.RouteID
-		}
-		if r1.Action != r2.Action {
-			return r1.Action < r2.Action
-		}
-		if r1.Destination != r2.Destination {
-			return r1.Destination < r2.Destination
-		}
-		if len(r1.SourceRanges) > 0 && len(r2.SourceRanges) > 0 {
-			if r1.SourceRanges[0] != r2.SourceRanges[0] {
-				return r1.SourceRanges[0] < r2.SourceRanges[0]
-			}
-		}
-		return r1.Port < r2.Port
-	})
-
-	for _, ranges := range networkMap.RoutesFirewallRules {
-		sort.Slice(ranges.SourceRanges, func(i, j int) bool {
-			return ranges.SourceRanges[i] < ranges.SourceRanges[j]
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-type networkMapJSON struct {
-	Peers               []*nbpeer.Peer             `json:"Peers"`
-	Network             *types.Network             `json:"Network"`
-	Routes              []*route.Route             `json:"Routes"`
-	DNSConfig           dns.Config                 `json:"DNSConfig"`
-	OfflinePeers        []*nbpeer.Peer             `json:"OfflinePeers"`
-	FirewallRules       []*types.FirewallRule      `json:"FirewallRules"`
-	RoutesFirewallRules []*types.RouteFirewallRule `json:"RoutesFirewallRules"`
-	ForwardingRules     []*types.ForwardingRule    `json:"ForwardingRules"`
-	AuthorizedUsers     map[string][]string        `json:"AuthorizedUsers,omitempty"`
-	EnableSSH           bool                       `json:"EnableSSH"`
-}
-
-func toNetworkMapJSON(nm *types.NetworkMap) *networkMapJSON {
-	result := &networkMapJSON{
-		Peers:               nm.Peers,
-		Network:             nm.Network,
-		Routes:              nm.Routes,
-		DNSConfig:           nm.DNSConfig,
-		OfflinePeers:        nm.OfflinePeers,
-		FirewallRules:       nm.FirewallRules,
-		RoutesFirewallRules: nm.RoutesFirewallRules,
-		ForwardingRules:     nm.ForwardingRules,
-		EnableSSH:           nm.EnableSSH,
-	}
-
-	if len(nm.AuthorizedUsers) > 0 {
-		result.AuthorizedUsers = make(map[string][]string)
-		localUsers := make([]string, 0, len(nm.AuthorizedUsers))
-		for localUser := range nm.AuthorizedUsers {
-			localUsers = append(localUsers, localUser)
-		}
-		sort.Strings(localUsers)
-
-		for _, localUser := range localUsers {
-			userIDs := nm.AuthorizedUsers[localUser]
-			sortedUserIDs := make([]string, 0, len(userIDs))
-			for userID := range userIDs {
-				sortedUserIDs = append(sortedUserIDs, userID)
-			}
-			sort.Strings(sortedUserIDs)
-			result.AuthorizedUsers[localUser] = sortedUserIDs
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
-
-func createTestAccountWithEntities() *types.Account {
-	peers := make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer)
-	devGroupPeers, opsGroupPeers, allGroupPeers := []string{}, []string{}, []string{}
-
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		ip := net.IP{100, 64, 0, byte(i + 1)}
-		wtVersion := "0.25.0"
-		if i%2 == 0 {
-			wtVersion = "0.40.0"
-		}
-
-		p := &nbpeer.Peer{
-			ID: peerID, IP: ip, Key: fmt.Sprintf("key-%s", peerID), DNSLabel: fmt.Sprintf("peer%d", i+1),
-			Status: &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()},
-			UserID: "user-admin", Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: wtVersion, GoOS: "linux"},
-		}
-
-		if peerID == expiredPeerID {
-			p.LoginExpirationEnabled = true
-			pastTimestamp := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Hour)
-			p.LastLogin = &pastTimestamp
-		}
-
-		peers[peerID] = p
-		allGroupPeers = append(allGroupPeers, peerID)
-		if i < numPeers/2 {
-			devGroupPeers = append(devGroupPeers, peerID)
-		} else {
-			opsGroupPeers = append(opsGroupPeers, peerID)
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	groups := map[string]*types.Group{
-		allGroupID:      {ID: allGroupID, Name: "All", Peers: allGroupPeers},
-		devGroupID:      {ID: devGroupID, Name: "Developers", Peers: devGroupPeers},
-		opsGroupID:      {ID: opsGroupID, Name: "Operations", Peers: opsGroupPeers},
-		sshUsersGroupID: {ID: sshUsersGroupID, Name: "SSH Users", Peers: []string{}},
-	}
-
-	policies := []*types.Policy{
-		{
-			ID: policyIDAll, Name: "Default-Allow", Enabled: true,
-			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
-				ID: policyIDAll, Name: "Allow All", Enabled: true, Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-				Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL, Bidirectional: true,
-				Sources: []string{allGroupID}, Destinations: []string{allGroupID},
-			}},
-		},
-		{
-			ID: policyIDDevOps, Name: "Dev to Ops Web Access", Enabled: true,
-			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
-				ID: policyIDDevOps, Name: "Dev -> Ops (HTTP Range)", Enabled: true, Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-				Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP, Bidirectional: false,
-				PortRanges: []types.RulePortRange{{Start: 8080, End: 8090}},
-				Sources:    []string{devGroupID}, Destinations: []string{opsGroupID},
-			}},
-		},
-		{
-			ID: policyIDDrop, Name: "Drop DB traffic", Enabled: true,
-			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
-				ID: policyIDDrop, Name: "Drop DB", Enabled: true, Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionDrop,
-				Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP, Ports: []string{"5432"}, Bidirectional: true,
-				Sources: []string{devGroupID}, Destinations: []string{opsGroupID},
-			}},
-		},
-		{
-			ID: policyIDPosture, Name: "Posture Check for DB Resource", Enabled: true,
-			SourcePostureChecks: []string{postureCheckID},
-			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
-				ID: policyIDPosture, Name: "Allow DB Access", Enabled: true, Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-				Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL, Bidirectional: true,
-				Sources: []string{opsGroupID}, DestinationResource: types.Resource{ID: networkResourceID},
-			}},
-		},
-		{
-			ID: policyIDSSH, Name: "SSH Access Policy", Enabled: true,
-			Rules: []*types.PolicyRule{{
-				ID: policyIDSSH, Name: "Allow SSH to Ops", Enabled: true, Action: types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept,
-				Protocol: types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH, Bidirectional: false,
-				Sources: []string{devGroupID}, Destinations: []string{opsGroupID},
-				AuthorizedGroups: map[string][]string{sshUsersGroupID: {"root", "admin"}},
-			}},
-		},
-	}
-
-	routes := map[route.ID]*route.Route{
-		routeID: {
-			ID: routeID, Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.10.0/24"),
-			Peer:        peers["peer-75"].Key,
-			PeerID:      "peer-75",
-			Description: "Route to internal resource", Enabled: true,
-			PeerGroups:          []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-			Groups:              []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-			AccessControlGroups: []string{devGroupID},
-		},
-		routeHA1ID: {
-			ID: routeHA1ID, Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.0.0/16"),
-			Peer:        peers["peer-80"].Key,
-			PeerID:      "peer-80",
-			Description: "HA Route 1", Enabled: true, Metric: 1000,
-			PeerGroups:          []string{allGroupID},
-			Groups:              []string{allGroupID},
-			AccessControlGroups: []string{allGroupID},
-		},
-		routeHA2ID: {
-			ID: routeHA2ID, Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.10.0.0/16"),
-			Peer:        peers["peer-90"].Key,
-			PeerID:      "peer-90",
-			Description: "HA Route 2", Enabled: true, Metric: 900,
-			PeerGroups:          []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-			Groups:              []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-			AccessControlGroups: []string{allGroupID},
-		},
-	}
-
-	users := map[string]*types.User{
-		userAdminID: {Id: userAdminID, Role: types.UserRoleAdmin, IsServiceUser: false, AccountID: testAccountID, AutoGroups: []string{allGroupID}},
-		userDevID:   {Id: userDevID, Role: types.UserRoleUser, IsServiceUser: false, AccountID: testAccountID, AutoGroups: []string{sshUsersGroupID, devGroupID}},
-		userOpsID:   {Id: userOpsID, Role: types.UserRoleUser, IsServiceUser: false, AccountID: testAccountID, AutoGroups: []string{sshUsersGroupID, opsGroupID}},
-	}
-
-	account := &types.Account{
-		Id: testAccountID, Peers: peers, Groups: groups, Policies: policies, Routes: routes,
-		Users: users,
-		Network: &types.Network{
-			Identifier: "net-golden-test", Net: net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32)}, Serial: 1,
-		},
-		DNSSettings: types.DNSSettings{DisabledManagementGroups: []string{opsGroupID}},
-		NameServerGroups: map[string]*dns.NameServerGroup{
-			nameserverGroupID: {
-				ID: nameserverGroupID, Name: "Main NS", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{devGroupID},
-				NameServers: []dns.NameServer{{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("8.8.8.8"), NSType: dns.UDPNameServerType, Port: 53}},
-			},
-		},
-		PostureChecks: []*posture.Checks{
-			{ID: postureCheckID, Name: "Check version", Checks: posture.ChecksDefinition{
-				NBVersionCheck: &posture.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "0.26.0"},
-			}},
-		},
-		NetworkResources: []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource{
-			{ID: networkResourceID, NetworkID: networkID, AccountID: testAccountID, Enabled: true, Address: "db.netbird.cloud"},
-		},
-		Networks: []*networkTypes.Network{{ID: networkID, Name: "DB Network", AccountID: testAccountID}},
-		NetworkRouters: []*routerTypes.NetworkRouter{
-			{ID: networkRouterID, NetworkID: networkID, Peer: routingPeerID, Enabled: true, AccountID: testAccountID},
-		},
-		Settings: &types.Settings{PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: true, PeerLoginExpiration: 1 * time.Hour},
-	}
-
-	for _, p := range account.Policies {
-		p.AccountID = account.Id
-	}
-	for _, r := range account.Routes {
-		r.AccountID = account.Id
-	}
-
-	return account
-}
-
-func TestGetPeerNetworkMap_Golden_New_WithOnPeerAddedRouter_Batched(t *testing.T) {
-	account := createTestAccountWithEntities()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	validatedPeersMap := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for i := range numPeers {
-		peerID := fmt.Sprintf("peer-%d", i)
-		if peerID == offlinePeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		validatedPeersMap[peerID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	builder := types.NewNetworkMapBuilder(account, validatedPeersMap)
-
-	newRouterID := "peer-new-router-102"
-	newRouterIP := net.IP{100, 64, 1, 2}
-	newRouter := &nbpeer.Peer{
-		ID:        newRouterID,
-		IP:        newRouterIP,
-		Key:       fmt.Sprintf("key-%s", newRouterID),
-		DNSLabel:  "newrouter102",
-		Status:    &nbpeer.PeerStatus{Connected: true, LastSeen: time.Now()},
-		UserID:    "user-admin",
-		Meta:      nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.26.0", GoOS: "linux"},
-		LastLogin: func() *time.Time { t := time.Now(); return &t }(),
-	}
-
-	account.Peers[newRouterID] = newRouter
-
-	if opsGroup, exists := account.Groups[opsGroupID]; exists {
-		opsGroup.Peers = append(opsGroup.Peers, newRouterID)
-	}
-	if allGroup, exists := account.Groups[allGroupID]; exists {
-		allGroup.Peers = append(allGroup.Peers, newRouterID)
-	}
-
-	newRoute := &route.Route{
-		ID:                  route.ID("route-new-router"),
-		Network:             netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/24"),
-		Peer:                newRouter.Key,
-		PeerID:              newRouterID,
-		Description:         "Route from new router",
-		Enabled:             true,
-		PeerGroups:          []string{opsGroupID},
-		Groups:              []string{devGroupID, opsGroupID},
-		AccessControlGroups: []string{devGroupID},
-		AccountID:           account.Id,
-	}
-	account.Routes[newRoute.ID] = newRoute
-
-	validatedPeersMap[newRouterID] = struct{}{}
-
-	if account.Network != nil {
-		account.Network.Serial++
-	}
-
-	builder.EnqueuePeersForIncrementalAdd(account, newRouterID)
-
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	networkMap := builder.GetPeerNetworkMap(ctx, testingPeerID, dns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeersMap, nil)
-
-	normalizeAndSortNetworkMap(networkMap)
-
-	jsonData, err := json.MarshalIndent(networkMap, "", "  ")
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error marshaling network map to JSON")
-
-	goldenFilePath := filepath.Join("testdata", "networkmap_golden_new_with_onpeeradded_router.json")
-
-	t.Log("Update golden file with OnPeerAdded router...")
-	err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(goldenFilePath), 0755)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = os.WriteFile(goldenFilePath, jsonData, 0644)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	expectedJSON, err := os.ReadFile(goldenFilePath)
-	require.NoError(t, err, "error reading golden file")
-
-	require.JSONEq(t, string(expectedJSON), string(jsonData), "network map from NEW builder with OnPeerAdded router does not match golden file")
-}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap_wire_benchmark_test.go b/management/server/types/networkmap_wire_benchmark_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccec054cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/networkmap_wire_benchmark_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+package types_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	goproto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
+	mgmtgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// wireBenchScales — trimmed scale set for wire-size measurements. Encoding
+// and marshalling are linear, so the largest extremes don't add signal.
+var wireBenchScales = []benchmarkScale{
+	{"100peers_5groups", 100, 5},
+	{"500peers_20groups", 500, 20},
+	{"1000peers_50groups", 1000, 50},
+	{"5000peers_100groups", 5000, 100},
+}
+
+// assignValidWgKeys overwrites every peer's Key with a valid base64-encoded
+// 32-byte string. The default scalableTestAccount uses unparsable strings
+// like "key-peer-0", which makes the components encoder emit a nil WgPubKey
+// and the legacy encoder ship 10-char placeholders — both shrink the wire
+// size in unrealistic ways. Production peers always have valid 44-char base64
+// keys, so any benchmark/breakdown that wants honest numbers must call this.
+func assignValidWgKeys(account *types.Account) {
+	for _, p := range account.Peers {
+		var raw [32]byte
+		_, _ = rand.Read(raw[:])
+		p.Key = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(raw[:])
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkNetworkMapWireEncode reports per-call ns and the marshaled wire
+// size for both encoding paths. Run with:
+//
+//	go test -run=^$ -bench=BenchmarkNetworkMapWireEncode -benchmem ./management/server/types/
+func BenchmarkNetworkMapWireEncode(b *testing.B) {
+	skipCIBenchmark(b)
+
+	for _, scale := range wireBenchScales {
+		account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(scale.peers, scale.groups)
+		// populateAccountSeqIDs(account)
+		assignValidWgKeys(account)
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+		routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+		groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+
+		peerID := "peer-0"
+		peer := account.Peers[peerID]
+
+		networkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupIDToUserIDs)
+		components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, groupIDToUserIDs)
+
+		dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
+		settings := &types.Settings{}
+
+		// Pre-encode once so the size metric is identical for every run inside
+		// the same scale; the b.Loop call only re-runs encode + Marshal.
+		legacyResp := mgmtgrpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, nil, nil, types.TwinPeer(peer), nil, nil, networkMap, "netbird.cloud", nil, dnsCache, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), nil, nil, 0)
+		legacyBytes, err := goproto.Marshal(legacyResp.NetworkMap)
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatalf("marshal legacy networkmap: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		envelopeInput := mgmtgrpc.ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+			Components: components,
+			PeerConfig: legacyResp.NetworkMap.PeerConfig,
+			DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+		}
+		envelope := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(envelopeInput)
+		envelopeBytes, err := goproto.Marshal(envelope)
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatalf("marshal envelope: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("legacy/%s", scale.name), func(b *testing.B) {
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ReportMetric(float64(len(legacyBytes)), "bytes/msg")
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for range b.N {
+				resp := mgmtgrpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, nil, nil, types.TwinPeer(peer), nil, nil, networkMap, "netbird.cloud", nil, dnsCache, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), nil, nil, 0)
+				if _, err := goproto.Marshal(resp.NetworkMap); err != nil {
+					b.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("components/%s", scale.name), func(b *testing.B) {
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ReportMetric(float64(len(envelopeBytes)), "bytes/msg")
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for range b.N {
+				env := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(envelopeInput)
+				if _, err := goproto.Marshal(env); err != nil {
+					b.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkNetworkMapWireSize is a fast snapshot of the wire size by scale
+// without a tight encode loop. Run with -bench to see one ns/op + bytes per
+// scale (treat the timing as informational; the sample is one Marshal per
+// scale, not the full b.N loop).
+func BenchmarkNetworkMapWireSize(b *testing.B) {
+	skipCIBenchmark(b)
+
+	for _, scale := range wireBenchScales {
+		account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(scale.peers, scale.groups)
+		// populateAccountSeqIDs(account)
+		assignValidWgKeys(account)
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+		routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+		groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+
+		peerID := "peer-0"
+		peer := account.Peers[peerID]
+
+		networkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupIDToUserIDs)
+		components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, groupIDToUserIDs)
+
+		dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
+		settings := &types.Settings{}
+
+		legacyResp := mgmtgrpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, nil, nil, types.TwinPeer(peer), nil, nil, networkMap, "netbird.cloud", nil, dnsCache, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), nil, nil, 0)
+		legacyBytes, err := goproto.Marshal(legacyResp.NetworkMap)
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatalf("marshal legacy networkmap: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		env := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(mgmtgrpc.ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+			Components: components,
+			PeerConfig: legacyResp.NetworkMap.PeerConfig,
+			DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+		})
+		envBytes, err := goproto.Marshal(env)
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatalf("marshal envelope: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("size/%s", scale.name), func(b *testing.B) {
+			b.ReportMetric(float64(len(legacyBytes)), "legacy_bytes")
+			b.ReportMetric(float64(len(envBytes)), "components_bytes")
+			ratio := float64(len(envBytes)) / float64(len(legacyBytes))
+			b.ReportMetric(ratio, "components/legacy")
+			for range b.N {
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap_wire_breakdown_test.go b/management/server/types/networkmap_wire_breakdown_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adf66b386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/networkmap_wire_breakdown_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package types_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	goproto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller/cache"
+	mgmtgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// TestNetworkMapWireBreakdown is a one-shot diagnostic: it computes the wire
+// size attributable to each top-level field of both the legacy NetworkMap and
+// the components NetworkMapEnvelope at the 5000-peer scale, so the migration
+// docs can attribute the size reduction to each optimization. Runs only on
+// demand via -run TestNetworkMapWireBreakdown.
+func TestNetworkMapWireBreakdown(t *testing.T) {
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("size diagnostic, skipped with -short")
+	}
+	if os.Getenv("NB_RUN_WIRE_BREAKDOWN") != "1" {
+		t.Skip("set NB_RUN_WIRE_BREAKDOWN=1 to run wire breakdown diagnostic")
+	}
+
+	const peerCount, groupCount = 5000, 100
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(peerCount, groupCount)
+	assignValidWgKeys(account)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+
+	peerID := "peer-0"
+	peer := account.Peers[peerID]
+	networkMap := account.GetPeerNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, nil, groupIDToUserIDs)
+	components := account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(ctx, peerID, nbdns.CustomZone{}, nil, validatedPeers, resourcePolicies, routers, groupIDToUserIDs)
+
+	dnsCache := &cache.DNSConfigCache{}
+	settings := &types.Settings{}
+
+	legacyResp := mgmtgrpc.ToSyncResponse(ctx, nil, nil, nil, types.TwinPeer(peer), nil, nil, networkMap, "netbird.cloud", nil, dnsCache, types.TwinAccountSettings(settings), nil, nil, 0)
+	legacyTotal := mustMarshalSize(t, legacyResp.NetworkMap)
+
+	envelope := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(mgmtgrpc.ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components: components,
+		PeerConfig: legacyResp.NetworkMap.PeerConfig,
+		DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+	})
+	componentsTotal := mustMarshalSize(t, envelope)
+
+	t.Logf("\n=== LEGACY NetworkMap (%d peers, %d groups) ===", peerCount, groupCount)
+	t.Logf("  Total: %d bytes\n", legacyTotal)
+
+	legacyBreakdown := []struct {
+		name string
+		nm   *proto.NetworkMap
+	}{
+		{"RemotePeers", &proto.NetworkMap{RemotePeers: legacyResp.NetworkMap.RemotePeers}},
+		{"OfflinePeers", &proto.NetworkMap{OfflinePeers: legacyResp.NetworkMap.OfflinePeers}},
+		{"FirewallRules", &proto.NetworkMap{FirewallRules: legacyResp.NetworkMap.FirewallRules}},
+		{"Routes", &proto.NetworkMap{Routes: legacyResp.NetworkMap.Routes}},
+		{"RoutesFirewallRules", &proto.NetworkMap{RoutesFirewallRules: legacyResp.NetworkMap.RoutesFirewallRules}},
+		{"DNSConfig", &proto.NetworkMap{DNSConfig: legacyResp.NetworkMap.DNSConfig}},
+		{"PeerConfig", &proto.NetworkMap{PeerConfig: legacyResp.NetworkMap.PeerConfig}},
+		{"SshAuth", &proto.NetworkMap{SshAuth: legacyResp.NetworkMap.SshAuth}},
+	}
+	for _, e := range legacyBreakdown {
+		size := mustMarshalSize(t, e.nm)
+		t.Logf("  %-22s %8d bytes  %5.1f%%", e.name, size, pct(size, legacyTotal))
+	}
+
+	full := envelope.GetFull()
+	if full == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected full network map envelope payload, got nil")
+	}
+	t.Logf("\n=== COMPONENTS NetworkMapEnvelope (%d peers, %d groups) ===", peerCount, groupCount)
+	t.Logf("  Total: %d bytes  (%.1f%% of legacy)\n", componentsTotal, pct(componentsTotal, legacyTotal))
+
+	componentsBreakdown := []struct {
+		name string
+		nm   *proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull
+	}{
+		{"Peers", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{Peers: full.Peers}},
+		{"Policies", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{Policies: full.Policies}},
+		{"Groups", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{Groups: full.Groups}},
+		{"Routes (raw)", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{Routes: full.Routes}},
+		{"NameServerGroups", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{NameserverGroups: full.NameserverGroups}},
+		{"AllDNSRecords", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{AllDnsRecords: full.AllDnsRecords}},
+		{"AccountZones", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{AccountZones: full.AccountZones}},
+		{"NetworkResources", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{NetworkResources: full.NetworkResources}},
+		{"RoutersMap", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{RoutersMap: full.RoutersMap}},
+		{"ResourcePoliciesMap", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{ResourcePoliciesMap: full.ResourcePoliciesMap}},
+		{"GroupIDToUserIDs", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{GroupIdToUserIds: full.GroupIdToUserIds}},
+		{"AllowedUserIDs", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{AllowedUserIds: full.AllowedUserIds}},
+		{"PostureFailedPeers", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{PostureFailedPeers: full.PostureFailedPeers}},
+		{"DNSSettings", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{DnsSettings: full.DnsSettings}},
+		{"PeerConfig", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{PeerConfig: full.PeerConfig}},
+		{"AgentVersions", &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{AgentVersions: full.AgentVersions}},
+	}
+	for _, e := range componentsBreakdown {
+		size := mustMarshalSize(t, e.nm)
+		t.Logf("  %-22s %8d bytes  %5.1f%%", e.name, size, pct(size, componentsTotal))
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("\n=== Per-PeerCompact average ===")
+	if len(full.Peers) > 0 {
+		t.Logf("  PeerCompact avg: %d bytes/peer", mustMarshalSize(t, &proto.NetworkMapComponentsFull{Peers: full.Peers})/len(full.Peers))
+	}
+	if len(legacyResp.NetworkMap.RemotePeers) > 0 {
+		t.Logf("  RemotePeer avg:  %d bytes/peer",
+			mustMarshalSize(t, &proto.NetworkMap{RemotePeers: legacyResp.NetworkMap.RemotePeers})/len(legacyResp.NetworkMap.RemotePeers))
+	}
+
+	t.Logf("\n=== FirewallRule expansion footprint ===")
+	t.Logf("  legacy FirewallRules count: %d", len(legacyResp.NetworkMap.FirewallRules))
+	t.Logf("  components Policies count:  %d", len(full.Policies))
+	t.Logf("  components Groups count:    %d", len(full.Groups))
+
+	totalGroupPeerIdxs := 0
+	for _, g := range full.Groups {
+		totalGroupPeerIdxs += len(g.PeerIndexes)
+	}
+	t.Logf("  components peer-index refs across all groups: %d", totalGroupPeerIdxs)
+}
+
+func mustMarshalSize(t *testing.T, m goproto.Message) int {
+	b, err := goproto.Marshal(m)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	return len(b)
+}
+
+func pct(part, total int) float64 {
+	if total == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 100 * float64(part) / float64(total)
+}
+
+// Stops fmt being unused if the breakdown loop above is later commented out.
+var _ = fmt.Sprintf
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmapbuilder.go b/management/server/types/networkmapbuilder.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 6448b8403..000000000
--- a/management/server/types/networkmapbuilder.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2317 +0,0 @@
-package types
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"slices"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
-	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/zones"
-	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
-	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/telemetry"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
-)
-
-const (
-	allPeers      = "0.0.0.0"
-	allWildcard   = "0.0.0.0/0"
-	v6AllWildcard = "::/0"
-	fw            = "fw:"
-	rfw           = "route-fw:"
-
-	szAddPeerBatch    = 10
-	maxPeerAddRetries = 20
-)
-
-type NetworkMapCache struct {
-	globalRoutes     map[route.ID]*route.Route
-	globalRules      map[string]*FirewallRule      //ruleId
-	globalRouteRules map[string]*RouteFirewallRule //ruleId
-	globalPeers      map[string]*nbpeer.Peer
-
-	groupToPeers    map[string][]string
-	peerToGroups    map[string][]string
-	policyToRules   map[string][]*PolicyRule //policyId
-	groupToPolicies map[string][]*Policy
-	groupToRoutes   map[string][]*route.Route
-	peerToRoutes    map[string][]*route.Route
-
-	peerACLs   map[string]*PeerACLView
-	peerRoutes map[string]*PeerRoutesView
-	peerDNS    map[string]*nbdns.Config
-	peerSSH    map[string]*PeerSSHView
-
-	groupIDToUserIDs map[string][]string
-	allowedUserIDs   map[string]struct{}
-
-	resourceRouters  map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter
-	resourcePolicies map[string][]*Policy
-
-	globalResources map[string]*resourceTypes.NetworkResource // resourceId
-
-	acgToRoutes map[string]map[route.ID]*RouteOwnerInfo // routeID -> owner info
-	noACGRoutes map[route.ID]*RouteOwnerInfo
-
-	mu sync.RWMutex
-}
-
-type RouteOwnerInfo struct {
-	PeerID  string
-	RouteID route.ID
-}
-
-type PeerACLView struct {
-	ConnectedPeerIDs []string
-	FirewallRuleIDs  []string
-}
-
-type PeerRoutesView struct {
-	OwnRouteIDs          []route.ID
-	NetworkResourceIDs   []route.ID
-	InheritedRouteIDs    []route.ID
-	RouteFirewallRuleIDs []string
-}
-
-type PeerSSHView struct {
-	EnableSSH       bool
-	AuthorizedUsers map[string]map[string]struct{}
-}
-
-type NetworkMapBuilder struct {
-	account        *Account
-	cache          *NetworkMapCache
-	validatedPeers map[string]struct{}
-
-	apb addPeerBatch
-}
-
-type addPeerBatch struct {
-	mu         sync.Mutex
-	sg         *sync.Cond
-	ids        []string
-	la         *Account
-	retryCount map[string]int
-}
-
-func NewNetworkMapBuilder(account *Account, validatedPeers map[string]struct{}) *NetworkMapBuilder {
-	builder := &NetworkMapBuilder{
-		cache: &NetworkMapCache{
-			globalRoutes:     make(map[route.ID]*route.Route),
-			globalRules:      make(map[string]*FirewallRule),
-			globalRouteRules: make(map[string]*RouteFirewallRule),
-			globalPeers:      make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer),
-			groupToPeers:     make(map[string][]string),
-			peerToGroups:     make(map[string][]string),
-			policyToRules:    make(map[string][]*PolicyRule),
-			groupToPolicies:  make(map[string][]*Policy),
-			groupToRoutes:    make(map[string][]*route.Route),
-			peerToRoutes:     make(map[string][]*route.Route),
-			peerACLs:         make(map[string]*PeerACLView),
-			peerRoutes:       make(map[string]*PeerRoutesView),
-			peerDNS:          make(map[string]*nbdns.Config),
-			peerSSH:          make(map[string]*PeerSSHView),
-			groupIDToUserIDs: make(map[string][]string),
-			allowedUserIDs:   make(map[string]struct{}),
-			globalResources:  make(map[string]*resourceTypes.NetworkResource),
-			acgToRoutes:      make(map[string]map[route.ID]*RouteOwnerInfo),
-			noACGRoutes:      make(map[route.ID]*RouteOwnerInfo),
-		},
-		validatedPeers: make(map[string]struct{}),
-	}
-	builder.apb.sg = sync.NewCond(&builder.apb.mu)
-	builder.apb.ids = make([]string, 0, szAddPeerBatch)
-	builder.apb.la = account
-	builder.apb.retryCount = make(map[string]int)
-
-	maps.Copy(builder.validatedPeers, validatedPeers)
-
-	builder.initialBuild(account)
-
-	go builder.incAddPeerLoop()
-	return builder
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) initialBuild(account *Account) {
-	b.cache.mu.Lock()
-	defer b.cache.mu.Unlock()
-
-	b.account = account
-
-	start := time.Now()
-
-	b.buildGlobalIndexes(account)
-
-	resourceRouters := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
-	b.cache.resourceRouters = resourceRouters
-	b.cache.resourcePolicies = resourcePolicies
-
-	for peerID := range account.Peers {
-		b.buildPeerACLView(account, peerID)
-		b.buildPeerRoutesView(account, peerID)
-		b.buildPeerDNSView(account, peerID)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("NetworkMapBuilder: Initial build completed in %v for account %s", time.Since(start), account.Id)
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) buildGlobalIndexes(account *Account) {
-	clear(b.cache.globalPeers)
-	clear(b.cache.groupToPeers)
-	clear(b.cache.peerToGroups)
-	clear(b.cache.policyToRules)
-	clear(b.cache.groupToPolicies)
-	clear(b.cache.globalRoutes)
-	clear(b.cache.globalRules)
-	clear(b.cache.globalRouteRules)
-	clear(b.cache.globalResources)
-	clear(b.cache.groupToRoutes)
-	clear(b.cache.peerToRoutes)
-	clear(b.cache.acgToRoutes)
-	clear(b.cache.noACGRoutes)
-	clear(b.cache.groupIDToUserIDs)
-	clear(b.cache.allowedUserIDs)
-	clear(b.cache.peerSSH)
-
-	maps.Copy(b.cache.globalPeers, account.Peers)
-
-	b.cache.groupIDToUserIDs = account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
-	b.cache.allowedUserIDs = b.buildAllowedUserIDs(account)
-
-	for groupID, group := range account.Groups {
-		peersCopy := make([]string, len(group.Peers))
-		copy(peersCopy, group.Peers)
-		b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID] = peersCopy
-
-		for _, peerID := range group.Peers {
-			b.cache.peerToGroups[peerID] = append(b.cache.peerToGroups[peerID], groupID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, policy := range account.Policies {
-		if !policy.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		b.cache.policyToRules[policy.ID] = policy.Rules
-
-		affectedGroups := make(map[string]struct{})
-		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
-			if !rule.Enabled {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			for _, groupID := range rule.Sources {
-				affectedGroups[groupID] = struct{}{}
-			}
-			for _, groupID := range rule.Destinations {
-				affectedGroups[groupID] = struct{}{}
-			}
-			if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
-				groupId := rule.SourceResource.ID
-				affectedGroups[groupId] = struct{}{}
-				b.cache.peerToGroups[rule.SourceResource.ID] = append(b.cache.peerToGroups[rule.SourceResource.ID], groupId)
-			}
-			if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
-				groupId := rule.DestinationResource.ID
-				affectedGroups[groupId] = struct{}{}
-				b.cache.peerToGroups[rule.DestinationResource.ID] = append(b.cache.peerToGroups[rule.DestinationResource.ID], groupId)
-			}
-		}
-
-		for groupID := range affectedGroups {
-			b.cache.groupToPolicies[groupID] = append(b.cache.groupToPolicies[groupID], policy)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, resource := range account.NetworkResources {
-		if !resource.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-		b.cache.globalResources[resource.ID] = resource
-	}
-
-	for _, r := range account.Routes {
-		if !r.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
-			b.cache.groupToRoutes[groupID] = append(b.cache.groupToRoutes[groupID], r)
-		}
-		if r.Peer != "" {
-			if peer, ok := b.cache.globalPeers[r.Peer]; ok {
-				b.cache.peerToRoutes[peer.ID] = append(b.cache.peerToRoutes[peer.ID], r)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) buildPeerACLView(account *Account, peerID string) {
-	peer := account.GetPeer(peerID)
-	if peer == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	allPotentialPeers, firewallRules, authorizedUsers, sshEnabled := b.getPeerConnectionResources(account, peer, b.validatedPeers)
-
-	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := b.getNetworkResourcesForPeer(account, peer)
-
-	var emptyExpiredPeers []*nbpeer.Peer
-	finalAllPeers := b.addNetworksRoutingPeers(
-		networkResourcesRoutes,
-		peer,
-		allPotentialPeers,
-		emptyExpiredPeers,
-		isRouter,
-		sourcePeers,
-	)
-
-	view := &PeerACLView{
-		ConnectedPeerIDs: make([]string, 0, len(finalAllPeers)),
-		FirewallRuleIDs:  make([]string, 0, len(firewallRules)),
-	}
-
-	for _, p := range finalAllPeers {
-		view.ConnectedPeerIDs = append(view.ConnectedPeerIDs, p.ID)
-	}
-
-	for _, rule := range firewallRules {
-		ruleID := b.generateFirewallRuleID(rule)
-		view.FirewallRuleIDs = append(view.FirewallRuleIDs, ruleID)
-		b.cache.globalRules[ruleID] = rule
-	}
-
-	b.cache.peerACLs[peerID] = view
-	b.cache.peerSSH[peerID] = &PeerSSHView{
-		EnableSSH:       sshEnabled,
-		AuthorizedUsers: authorizedUsers,
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getPeerConnectionResources(account *Account, peer *nbpeer.Peer,
-	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
-) ([]*nbpeer.Peer, []*FirewallRule, map[string]map[string]struct{}, bool) {
-	peerID := peer.ID
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	peerGroups := b.cache.peerToGroups[peerID]
-	peerGroupsMap := make(map[string]struct{}, len(peerGroups))
-	for _, groupID := range peerGroups {
-		peerGroupsMap[groupID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	rulesExists := make(map[string]struct{})
-	peersExists := make(map[string]struct{})
-	fwRules := make([]*FirewallRule, 0)
-	peers := make([]*nbpeer.Peer, 0)
-
-	authorizedUsers := make(map[string]map[string]struct{})
-	sshEnabled := false
-
-	for _, group := range peerGroups {
-		policies := b.cache.groupToPolicies[group]
-		for _, policy := range policies {
-			if isValid := account.validatePostureChecksOnPeer(ctx, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID); !isValid {
-				continue
-			}
-			rules := b.cache.policyToRules[policy.ID]
-			for _, rule := range rules {
-				var sourcePeers, destinationPeers []*nbpeer.Peer
-				var peerInSources, peerInDestinations bool
-
-				if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
-					peerInSources = rule.SourceResource.ID == peerID
-				} else {
-					peerInSources = b.isPeerInGroupscached(rule.Sources, peerGroupsMap)
-				}
-
-				if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
-					peerInDestinations = rule.DestinationResource.ID == peerID
-				} else {
-					peerInDestinations = b.isPeerInGroupscached(rule.Destinations, peerGroupsMap)
-				}
-
-				if !peerInSources && !peerInDestinations {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
-					peer := account.GetPeer(rule.SourceResource.ID)
-					if peer != nil {
-						sourcePeers = []*nbpeer.Peer{peer}
-					}
-				} else {
-					sourcePeers = b.getPeersFromGroupscached(account, rule.Sources, peerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks, validatedPeersMap)
-				}
-
-				if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
-					peer := account.GetPeer(rule.DestinationResource.ID)
-					if peer != nil {
-						destinationPeers = []*nbpeer.Peer{peer}
-					}
-				} else {
-					destinationPeers = b.getPeersFromGroupscached(account, rule.Destinations, peerID, nil, validatedPeersMap)
-				}
-
-				if rule.Bidirectional {
-					if peerInSources {
-						b.generateResourcescached(
-							rule, destinationPeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN,
-							peer, &peers, &fwRules, peersExists, rulesExists,
-						)
-					}
-					if peerInDestinations {
-						b.generateResourcescached(
-							rule, sourcePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionOUT,
-							peer, &peers, &fwRules, peersExists, rulesExists,
-						)
-					}
-				}
-
-				if peerInSources {
-					b.generateResourcescached(
-						rule, destinationPeers, FirewallRuleDirectionOUT,
-						peer, &peers, &fwRules, peersExists, rulesExists,
-					)
-				}
-
-				if peerInDestinations {
-					b.generateResourcescached(
-						rule, sourcePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN,
-						peer, &peers, &fwRules, peersExists, rulesExists,
-					)
-
-					if rule.Protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH {
-						sshEnabled = true
-						switch {
-						case len(rule.AuthorizedGroups) > 0:
-							for groupID, localUsers := range rule.AuthorizedGroups {
-								userIDs, ok := b.cache.groupIDToUserIDs[groupID]
-								if !ok {
-									continue
-								}
-
-								if len(localUsers) == 0 {
-									localUsers = []string{auth.Wildcard}
-								}
-
-								for _, localUser := range localUsers {
-									if authorizedUsers[localUser] == nil {
-										authorizedUsers[localUser] = make(map[string]struct{})
-									}
-									for _, userID := range userIDs {
-										authorizedUsers[localUser][userID] = struct{}{}
-									}
-								}
-							}
-						case rule.AuthorizedUser != "":
-							if authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] == nil {
-								authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = make(map[string]struct{})
-							}
-							authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard][rule.AuthorizedUser] = struct{}{}
-						default:
-							authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = maps.Clone(b.cache.allowedUserIDs)
-						}
-					} else if policyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && peer.SSHEnabled {
-						sshEnabled = true
-						authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = maps.Clone(b.cache.allowedUserIDs)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return peers, fwRules, authorizedUsers, sshEnabled
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) isPeerInGroupscached(groupIDs []string, peerGroupsMap map[string]struct{}) bool {
-	for _, groupID := range groupIDs {
-		if _, exists := peerGroupsMap[groupID]; exists {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getPeersFromGroupscached(account *Account, groupIDs []string,
-	excludePeerID string, postureChecksIDs []string, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
-) []*nbpeer.Peer {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	uniquePeers := make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer)
-
-	for _, groupID := range groupIDs {
-		peerIDs := b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID]
-		for _, peerID := range peerIDs {
-			if peerID == excludePeerID {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if _, ok := validatedPeersMap[peerID]; !ok {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			peer := b.cache.globalPeers[peerID]
-			if peer == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if len(postureChecksIDs) > 0 {
-				if !account.validatePostureChecksOnPeer(ctx, postureChecksIDs, peerID) {
-					continue
-				}
-			}
-
-			uniquePeers[peerID] = peer
-		}
-	}
-
-	result := make([]*nbpeer.Peer, 0, len(uniquePeers))
-	for _, peer := range uniquePeers {
-		result = append(result, peer)
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) generateResourcescached(
-	rule *PolicyRule, groupPeers []*nbpeer.Peer, direction int, targetPeer *nbpeer.Peer,
-	peers *[]*nbpeer.Peer, rules *[]*FirewallRule, peersExists map[string]struct{}, rulesExists map[string]struct{},
-) {
-	for _, peer := range groupPeers {
-		if peer == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		if _, ok := peersExists[peer.ID]; !ok {
-			*peers = append(*peers, peer)
-			peersExists[peer.ID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-
-		fr := FirewallRule{
-			PolicyID:  rule.ID,
-			PeerIP:    peer.IP.String(),
-			Direction: direction,
-			Action:    string(rule.Action),
-			Protocol:  firewallRuleProtocol(rule.Protocol),
-		}
-
-		var s strings.Builder
-		s.WriteString(rule.ID)
-		s.WriteString(fr.PeerIP)
-		s.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(direction))
-		s.WriteString(fr.Protocol)
-		s.WriteString(fr.Action)
-		s.WriteString(strings.Join(rule.Ports, ","))
-
-		ruleID := s.String()
-
-		if _, ok := rulesExists[ruleID]; ok {
-			continue
-		}
-		rulesExists[ruleID] = struct{}{}
-
-		if len(rule.Ports) == 0 && len(rule.PortRanges) == 0 {
-			*rules = append(*rules, &fr)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		*rules = append(*rules, expandPortsAndRanges(fr, rule, targetPeer)...)
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getNetworkResourcesForPeer(account *Account, peer *nbpeer.Peer) (bool, []*route.Route, map[string]struct{}) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	peerID := peer.ID
-
-	var isRoutingPeer bool
-	var routes []*route.Route
-	allSourcePeers := make(map[string]struct{})
-
-	peerGroups := b.cache.peerToGroups[peerID]
-	peerGroupsMap := make(map[string]struct{}, len(peerGroups))
-	for _, groupID := range peerGroups {
-		peerGroupsMap[groupID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	for _, resource := range b.cache.globalResources {
-
-		networkRoutingPeers := b.cache.resourceRouters[resource.NetworkID]
-		resourcePolicies := b.cache.resourcePolicies[resource.ID]
-		if len(resourcePolicies) == 0 {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		isRouterForThisResource := false
-
-		if networkRoutingPeers != nil {
-			if router, ok := networkRoutingPeers[peerID]; ok && router.Enabled {
-				isRoutingPeer = true
-				isRouterForThisResource = true
-				if rt := b.createNetworkResourceRoutes(resource, peerID, router, resourcePolicies); rt != nil {
-					routes = append(routes, rt)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		hasAccessAsClient := false
-		if !isRouterForThisResource {
-			for _, policy := range resourcePolicies {
-				if b.isPeerInGroupscached(policy.SourceGroups(), peerGroupsMap) {
-					if account.validatePostureChecksOnPeer(ctx, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID) {
-						hasAccessAsClient = true
-						break
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		if hasAccessAsClient && networkRoutingPeers != nil {
-			for routerPeerID, router := range networkRoutingPeers {
-				if router.Enabled {
-					if rt := b.createNetworkResourceRoutes(resource, routerPeerID, router, resourcePolicies); rt != nil {
-						routes = append(routes, rt)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		if isRouterForThisResource {
-			for _, policy := range resourcePolicies {
-				var peersWithAccess []*nbpeer.Peer
-				if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
-					peersWithAccess = []*nbpeer.Peer{peer}
-				} else {
-					peersWithAccess = b.getPeersFromGroupscached(account, policy.SourceGroups(), "", policy.SourcePostureChecks, b.validatedPeers)
-				}
-				for _, p := range peersWithAccess {
-					allSourcePeers[p.ID] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return isRoutingPeer, routes, allSourcePeers
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) createNetworkResourceRoutes(
-	resource *resourceTypes.NetworkResource, routerPeerID string,
-	router *routerTypes.NetworkRouter, resourcePolicies []*Policy,
-) *route.Route {
-	if len(resourcePolicies) > 0 {
-		peer := b.cache.globalPeers[routerPeerID]
-		if peer != nil {
-			return resource.ToRoute(peer, router)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) addNetworksRoutingPeers(
-	networkResourcesRoutes []*route.Route, peer *nbpeer.Peer, peersToConnect []*nbpeer.Peer,
-	expiredPeers []*nbpeer.Peer, isRouter bool, sourcePeers map[string]struct{},
-) []*nbpeer.Peer {
-
-	networkRoutesPeers := make(map[string]struct{}, len(networkResourcesRoutes))
-	for _, r := range networkResourcesRoutes {
-		networkRoutesPeers[r.PeerID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	delete(sourcePeers, peer.ID)
-	delete(networkRoutesPeers, peer.ID)
-
-	for _, existingPeer := range peersToConnect {
-		delete(sourcePeers, existingPeer.ID)
-		delete(networkRoutesPeers, existingPeer.ID)
-	}
-	for _, expPeer := range expiredPeers {
-		delete(sourcePeers, expPeer.ID)
-		delete(networkRoutesPeers, expPeer.ID)
-	}
-
-	missingPeers := make(map[string]struct{}, len(sourcePeers)+len(networkRoutesPeers))
-	if isRouter {
-		for p := range sourcePeers {
-			missingPeers[p] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-	for p := range networkRoutesPeers {
-		missingPeers[p] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	for p := range missingPeers {
-		if missingPeer := b.cache.globalPeers[p]; missingPeer != nil {
-			peersToConnect = append(peersToConnect, missingPeer)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return peersToConnect
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) buildPeerRoutesView(account *Account, peerID string) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	peer := account.GetPeer(peerID)
-	if peer == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	resourcePolicies := b.cache.resourcePolicies
-
-	view := &PeerRoutesView{
-		OwnRouteIDs:          make([]route.ID, 0),
-		NetworkResourceIDs:   make([]route.ID, 0),
-		RouteFirewallRuleIDs: make([]string, 0),
-	}
-
-	enabledRoutes, disabledRoutes := b.getRoutingPeerRoutes(peerID)
-	for _, rt := range enabledRoutes {
-		if rt.PeerID != "" && rt.PeerID != peerID {
-			if b.cache.globalPeers[rt.PeerID] == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-
-		view.OwnRouteIDs = append(view.OwnRouteIDs, rt.ID)
-		b.cache.globalRoutes[rt.ID] = rt
-	}
-
-	aclView := b.cache.peerACLs[peerID]
-	if aclView != nil {
-		peerRoutesMembership := make(LookupMap)
-		for _, r := range append(enabledRoutes, disabledRoutes...) {
-			peerRoutesMembership[string(r.GetHAUniqueID())] = struct{}{}
-		}
-
-		peerGroups := b.cache.peerToGroups[peerID]
-		peerGroupsMap := make(LookupMap)
-		for _, groupID := range peerGroups {
-			peerGroupsMap[groupID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-
-		for _, aclPeerID := range aclView.ConnectedPeerIDs {
-			if aclPeerID == peerID {
-				continue
-			}
-			activeRoutes, _ := b.getRoutingPeerRoutes(aclPeerID)
-			groupFilteredRoutes := account.filterRoutesByGroups(activeRoutes, peerGroupsMap)
-			haFilteredRoutes := account.filterRoutesFromPeersOfSameHAGroup(groupFilteredRoutes, peerRoutesMembership)
-
-			for _, inheritedRoute := range haFilteredRoutes {
-				view.InheritedRouteIDs = append(view.InheritedRouteIDs, inheritedRoute.ID)
-				b.cache.globalRoutes[inheritedRoute.ID] = inheritedRoute
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	_, networkResourcesRoutes, _ := b.getNetworkResourcesForPeer(account, peer)
-
-	for _, rt := range networkResourcesRoutes {
-		view.NetworkResourceIDs = append(view.NetworkResourceIDs, rt.ID)
-		b.cache.globalRoutes[rt.ID] = rt
-	}
-
-	allRoutes := slices.Concat(enabledRoutes, networkResourcesRoutes)
-	b.updateACGIndexForPeer(peerID, allRoutes)
-
-	routeFirewallRules := b.getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(account, peerID, b.validatedPeers)
-	for _, rule := range routeFirewallRules {
-		ruleID := b.generateRouteFirewallRuleID(rule)
-		view.RouteFirewallRuleIDs = append(view.RouteFirewallRuleIDs, ruleID)
-		b.cache.globalRouteRules[ruleID] = rule
-	}
-
-	if len(networkResourcesRoutes) > 0 {
-		networkResourceFirewallRules := account.GetPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx, peer, b.validatedPeers, networkResourcesRoutes, resourcePolicies)
-		for _, rule := range networkResourceFirewallRules {
-			ruleID := b.generateRouteFirewallRuleID(rule)
-			view.RouteFirewallRuleIDs = append(view.RouteFirewallRuleIDs, ruleID)
-			b.cache.globalRouteRules[ruleID] = rule
-		}
-	}
-
-	b.cache.peerRoutes[peerID] = view
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) updateACGIndexForPeer(peerID string, routes []*route.Route) {
-	for acg, routeMap := range b.cache.acgToRoutes {
-		for routeID, info := range routeMap {
-			if info.PeerID == peerID {
-				delete(routeMap, routeID)
-			}
-		}
-		if len(routeMap) == 0 {
-			delete(b.cache.acgToRoutes, acg)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for routeID, info := range b.cache.noACGRoutes {
-		if info.PeerID == peerID {
-			delete(b.cache.noACGRoutes, routeID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, rt := range routes {
-		if !rt.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if len(rt.AccessControlGroups) == 0 {
-			b.cache.noACGRoutes[rt.ID] = &RouteOwnerInfo{
-				PeerID:  peerID,
-				RouteID: rt.ID,
-			}
-		} else {
-			for _, acg := range rt.AccessControlGroups {
-				if b.cache.acgToRoutes[acg] == nil {
-					b.cache.acgToRoutes[acg] = make(map[route.ID]*RouteOwnerInfo)
-				}
-
-				b.cache.acgToRoutes[acg][rt.ID] = &RouteOwnerInfo{
-					PeerID:  peerID,
-					RouteID: rt.ID,
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getRoutingPeerRoutes(peerID string) (enabledRoutes []*route.Route, disabledRoutes []*route.Route) {
-	peer := b.cache.globalPeers[peerID]
-	if peer == nil {
-		return enabledRoutes, disabledRoutes
-	}
-
-	seenRoute := make(map[route.ID]struct{})
-
-	takeRoute := func(r *route.Route, id string) {
-		if _, ok := seenRoute[r.ID]; ok {
-			return
-		}
-		seenRoute[r.ID] = struct{}{}
-
-		if r.Enabled {
-			// maybe here is some mess - here we store peer key (see comment below)
-			r.Peer = peer.Key
-			enabledRoutes = append(enabledRoutes, r)
-			return
-		}
-		disabledRoutes = append(disabledRoutes, r)
-	}
-
-	peerGroups := b.cache.peerToGroups[peerID]
-	for _, groupID := range peerGroups {
-		groupRoutes := b.cache.groupToRoutes[groupID]
-		for _, r := range groupRoutes {
-			newPeerRoute := r.Copy()
-			// and here we store peer ID - this logic is taken from original account.getRoutingPeerRoutes
-			newPeerRoute.Peer = peerID
-			newPeerRoute.PeerGroups = nil
-			newPeerRoute.ID = route.ID(string(r.ID) + ":" + peerID)
-			takeRoute(newPeerRoute, peerID)
-		}
-	}
-	for _, r := range b.cache.peerToRoutes[peerID] {
-		takeRoute(r.Copy(), peerID)
-	}
-	return enabledRoutes, disabledRoutes
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(account *Account, peerID string, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
-	routesFirewallRules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
-
-	enabledRoutes, _ := b.getRoutingPeerRoutes(peerID)
-	for _, route := range enabledRoutes {
-		if len(route.AccessControlGroups) == 0 {
-			defaultPermit := getDefaultPermit(route)
-			routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, defaultPermit...)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		distributionPeers := b.getDistributionGroupsPeers(route)
-
-		for _, accessGroup := range route.AccessControlGroups {
-			policies := b.getAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups([]string{accessGroup})
-
-			rules := b.getRouteFirewallRules(peerID, policies, route, validatedPeersMap, distributionPeers, account)
-			routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, rules...)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return routesFirewallRules
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getDistributionGroupsPeers(route *route.Route) map[string]struct{} {
-	distPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, id := range route.Groups {
-		groupPeers := b.cache.groupToPeers[id]
-		if groupPeers == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, pID := range groupPeers {
-			distPeers[pID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-	return distPeers
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups(accessControlGroups []string) []*Policy {
-	routePolicies := make(map[string]*Policy)
-
-	for _, groupID := range accessControlGroups {
-		candidatePolicies := b.cache.groupToPolicies[groupID]
-
-		for _, policy := range candidatePolicies {
-			if _, found := routePolicies[policy.ID]; found {
-				continue
-			}
-			policyRules := b.cache.policyToRules[policy.ID]
-			for _, rule := range policyRules {
-				if slices.Contains(rule.Destinations, groupID) {
-					routePolicies[policy.ID] = policy
-					break
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return maps.Values(routePolicies)
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getRouteFirewallRules(
-	peerID string, policies []*Policy, route *route.Route, validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{},
-	distributionPeers map[string]struct{}, account *Account,
-) []*RouteFirewallRule {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	var fwRules []*RouteFirewallRule
-	for _, policy := range policies {
-		if !policy.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
-			if !rule.Enabled {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			rulePeers := b.getRulePeers(rule, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID, distributionPeers, validatedPeersMap, account)
-
-			rules := generateRouteFirewallRules(ctx, route, rule, rulePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN)
-			fwRules = append(fwRules, rules...)
-		}
-	}
-	return fwRules
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getRulePeers(
-	rule *PolicyRule, postureChecks []string, peerID string, distributionPeers map[string]struct{},
-	validatedPeersMap map[string]struct{}, account *Account,
-) []*nbpeer.Peer {
-	distPeersWithPolicy := make(map[string]struct{})
-
-	for _, id := range rule.Sources {
-		groupPeers := b.cache.groupToPeers[id]
-		if groupPeers == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, pID := range groupPeers {
-			if pID == peerID {
-				continue
-			}
-			_, distPeer := distributionPeers[pID]
-			_, valid := validatedPeersMap[pID]
-
-			if distPeer && valid && account.validatePostureChecksOnPeer(context.Background(), postureChecks, pID) {
-				distPeersWithPolicy[pID] = struct{}{}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
-		_, distPeer := distributionPeers[rule.SourceResource.ID]
-		_, valid := validatedPeersMap[rule.SourceResource.ID]
-		if distPeer && valid && account.validatePostureChecksOnPeer(context.Background(), postureChecks, rule.SourceResource.ID) {
-			distPeersWithPolicy[rule.SourceResource.ID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	distributionGroupPeers := make([]*nbpeer.Peer, 0, len(distPeersWithPolicy))
-	for pID := range distPeersWithPolicy {
-		peer := b.cache.globalPeers[pID]
-		if peer == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		distributionGroupPeers = append(distributionGroupPeers, peer)
-	}
-	return distributionGroupPeers
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) buildPeerDNSView(account *Account, peerID string) {
-	peerGroups := b.cache.peerToGroups[peerID]
-	checkGroups := make(map[string]struct{}, len(peerGroups))
-	for _, groupID := range peerGroups {
-		checkGroups[groupID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	dnsManagementStatus := b.getPeerDNSManagementStatus(account, checkGroups)
-	dnsConfig := &nbdns.Config{
-		ServiceEnable: dnsManagementStatus,
-	}
-
-	if dnsManagementStatus {
-		dnsConfig.NameServerGroups = b.getPeerNSGroups(account, peerID, checkGroups)
-	}
-
-	b.cache.peerDNS[peerID] = dnsConfig
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getPeerDNSManagementStatus(account *Account, checkGroups map[string]struct{}) bool {
-
-	enabled := true
-	for _, groupID := range account.DNSSettings.DisabledManagementGroups {
-		_, found := checkGroups[groupID]
-		if found {
-			enabled = false
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	return enabled
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) getPeerNSGroups(account *Account, peerID string, checkGroups map[string]struct{}) []*nbdns.NameServerGroup {
-	var peerNSGroups []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
-
-	for _, nsGroup := range account.NameServerGroups {
-		if !nsGroup.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, gID := range nsGroup.Groups {
-			_, found := checkGroups[gID]
-			if found {
-				peer := b.cache.globalPeers[peerID]
-				if !peerIsNameserver(peer, nsGroup) {
-					peerNSGroups = append(peerNSGroups, nsGroup.Copy())
-					break
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return peerNSGroups
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) buildAllowedUserIDs(account *Account) map[string]struct{} {
-	users := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, nbUser := range account.Users {
-		if !nbUser.IsBlocked() && !nbUser.IsServiceUser {
-			users[nbUser.Id] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-	return users
-}
-
-func firewallRuleProtocol(protocol PolicyRuleProtocolType) string {
-	if protocol == PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH {
-		return string(PolicyRuleProtocolTCP)
-	}
-	return string(protocol)
-}
-
-// lock should be held
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) updateAccountLocked(account *Account) *Account {
-	if account.Network.CurrentSerial() > b.account.Network.CurrentSerial() {
-		b.account = account
-	}
-	return b.account
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) GetPeerNetworkMap(
-	ctx context.Context, peerID string, peersCustomZone nbdns.CustomZone, accountZones []*zones.Zone,
-	validatedPeers map[string]struct{}, metrics *telemetry.AccountManagerMetrics,
-) *NetworkMap {
-	start := time.Now()
-
-	b.cache.mu.RLock()
-	defer b.cache.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	account := b.account
-
-	peer := account.GetPeer(peerID)
-	if peer == nil {
-		return &NetworkMap{Network: account.Network.Copy()}
-	}
-
-	aclView := b.cache.peerACLs[peerID]
-	routesView := b.cache.peerRoutes[peerID]
-	dnsConfig := b.cache.peerDNS[peerID]
-	sshView := b.cache.peerSSH[peerID]
-
-	if aclView == nil || routesView == nil || dnsConfig == nil {
-		return &NetworkMap{Network: account.Network.Copy()}
-	}
-
-	nm := b.assembleNetworkMap(ctx, account, peer, aclView, routesView, dnsConfig, sshView, peersCustomZone, accountZones, validatedPeers)
-
-	if metrics != nil {
-		objectCount := int64(len(nm.Peers) + len(nm.OfflinePeers) + len(nm.Routes) + len(nm.FirewallRules) + len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules))
-		metrics.CountNetworkMapObjects(objectCount)
-		metrics.CountGetPeerNetworkMapDuration(time.Since(start))
-
-		if objectCount > 5000 {
-			log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("account: %s has a total resource count of %d objects from cache",
-				account.Id, objectCount)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nm
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) assembleNetworkMap(
-	ctx context.Context, account *Account, peer *nbpeer.Peer, aclView *PeerACLView, routesView *PeerRoutesView,
-	dnsConfig *nbdns.Config, sshView *PeerSSHView, peersCustomZone nbdns.CustomZone, accountZones []*zones.Zone, validatedPeers map[string]struct{},
-) *NetworkMap {
-
-	var peersToConnect []*nbpeer.Peer
-	var expiredPeers []*nbpeer.Peer
-
-	for _, peerID := range aclView.ConnectedPeerIDs {
-		if _, ok := validatedPeers[peerID]; !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		peer := b.cache.globalPeers[peerID]
-		if peer == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		expired, _ := peer.LoginExpired(account.Settings.PeerLoginExpiration)
-		if account.Settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled && expired {
-			expiredPeers = append(expiredPeers, peer)
-		} else {
-			peersToConnect = append(peersToConnect, peer)
-		}
-	}
-
-	var routes []*route.Route
-	allRouteIDs := slices.Concat(routesView.OwnRouteIDs, routesView.NetworkResourceIDs, routesView.InheritedRouteIDs)
-
-	for _, routeID := range allRouteIDs {
-		if route := b.cache.globalRoutes[routeID]; route != nil {
-			routes = append(routes, route)
-		}
-	}
-
-	var firewallRules []*FirewallRule
-	for _, ruleID := range aclView.FirewallRuleIDs {
-		if rule := b.cache.globalRules[ruleID]; rule != nil {
-			firewallRules = append(firewallRules, rule)
-		} else {
-			log.Debugf("NetworkMapBuilder: peer %s assembling network map has no fwrule %s in globalRules", peer.ID, ruleID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	var routesFirewallRules []*RouteFirewallRule
-	for _, ruleID := range routesView.RouteFirewallRuleIDs {
-		if rule := b.cache.globalRouteRules[ruleID]; rule != nil {
-			routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, rule)
-		}
-	}
-
-	finalDNSConfig := *dnsConfig
-	if finalDNSConfig.ServiceEnable {
-		var zones []nbdns.CustomZone
-
-		peerGroupsSlice := b.cache.peerToGroups[peer.ID]
-		peerGroups := make(LookupMap, len(peerGroupsSlice))
-		for _, groupID := range peerGroupsSlice {
-			peerGroups[groupID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-
-		if peersCustomZone.Domain != "" {
-			records := filterZoneRecordsForPeers(peer, peersCustomZone, peersToConnect, expiredPeers)
-			zones = append(zones, nbdns.CustomZone{
-				Domain:  peersCustomZone.Domain,
-				Records: records,
-			})
-		}
-
-		filteredAccountZones := filterPeerAppliedZones(ctx, accountZones, peerGroups)
-		zones = append(zones, filteredAccountZones...)
-
-		finalDNSConfig.CustomZones = zones
-	}
-
-	nm := &NetworkMap{
-		Peers:               peersToConnect,
-		Network:             account.Network.Copy(),
-		Routes:              routes,
-		DNSConfig:           finalDNSConfig,
-		OfflinePeers:        expiredPeers,
-		FirewallRules:       firewallRules,
-		RoutesFirewallRules: routesFirewallRules,
-	}
-
-	if sshView != nil {
-		nm.EnableSSH = sshView.EnableSSH
-		nm.AuthorizedUsers = sshView.AuthorizedUsers
-	}
-
-	return nm
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) generateFirewallRuleID(rule *FirewallRule) string {
-	var s strings.Builder
-	s.WriteString(fw)
-	s.WriteString(rule.PolicyID)
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(rule.PeerIP)
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(rule.Direction))
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(rule.Protocol)
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(rule.Action)
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(rule.Port)
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(int(rule.PortRange.Start)))
-	s.WriteRune('-')
-	s.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(int(rule.PortRange.End)))
-	return s.String()
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) generateRouteFirewallRuleID(rule *RouteFirewallRule) string {
-	var s strings.Builder
-	s.WriteString(rfw)
-	s.WriteString(string(rule.RouteID))
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(rule.Destination)
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(rule.Action)
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(strings.Join(rule.SourceRanges, ","))
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(rule.Protocol)
-	s.WriteRune(':')
-	s.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(int(rule.Port)))
-	return s.String()
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) isPeerInGroups(groupIDs []string, peerGroups []string) bool {
-	for _, groupID := range groupIDs {
-		if slices.Contains(peerGroups, groupID) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) isPeerRouter(account *Account, peerID string) bool {
-	for _, r := range account.Routes {
-		if !r.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if r.PeerID == peerID {
-			return true
-		}
-
-		if peer := b.cache.globalPeers[peerID]; peer != nil {
-			if r.Peer == peer.Key && r.PeerID == "" {
-				return true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
-	for _, networkRouters := range routers {
-		if router, exists := networkRouters[peerID]; exists && router.Enabled {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) incAddPeerLoop() {
-	for {
-		b.apb.mu.Lock()
-		if len(b.apb.ids) == 0 {
-			b.apb.sg.Wait()
-		}
-		b.addPeersIncrementally()
-		b.apb.mu.Unlock()
-	}
-}
-
-// lock on b.apb level should be held
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) addPeersIncrementally() {
-	peers := slices.Clone(b.apb.ids)
-	clear(b.apb.ids)
-	b.apb.ids = b.apb.ids[:0]
-	latestAcc := b.apb.la
-	b.apb.mu.Unlock()
-
-	tt := time.Now()
-	b.cache.mu.Lock()
-	defer b.cache.mu.Unlock()
-
-	account := b.updateAccountLocked(latestAcc)
-
-	log.Debugf("NetworkMapBuilder: Starting incremental add of %d peers", len(peers))
-
-	allUpdates := make(map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta)
-
-	for _, peerID := range peers {
-		peer := account.GetPeer(peerID)
-		if peer == nil {
-			b.apb.mu.Lock()
-			retries := b.apb.retryCount[peerID]
-			b.apb.mu.Unlock()
-
-			if retries >= maxPeerAddRetries {
-				log.Errorf("NetworkMapBuilder: peer %s not found in account %s after %d retries, giving up", peerID, account.Id, retries)
-				b.apb.mu.Lock()
-				delete(b.apb.retryCount, peerID)
-				b.apb.mu.Unlock()
-				continue
-			}
-
-			log.Warnf("NetworkMapBuilder: peer %s not found in account %s, retry %d/%d", peerID, account.Id, retries+1, maxPeerAddRetries)
-			b.apb.mu.Lock()
-			b.apb.retryCount[peerID] = retries + 1
-			b.apb.mu.Unlock()
-			b.enqueuePeersForIncrementalAdd(latestAcc, peerID)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		b.apb.mu.Lock()
-		delete(b.apb.retryCount, peerID)
-		b.apb.mu.Unlock()
-
-		b.validatedPeers[peerID] = struct{}{}
-		b.cache.globalPeers[peerID] = peer
-
-		peerGroups := b.updateIndexesForNewPeer(account, peerID)
-		b.buildPeerACLView(account, peerID)
-		b.buildPeerRoutesView(account, peerID)
-		b.buildPeerDNSView(account, peerID)
-
-		peerDeltas := b.collectDeltasForNewPeer(account, peerID, peerGroups)
-		for affectedPeerID, delta := range peerDeltas {
-			if existing, ok := allUpdates[affectedPeerID]; ok {
-				existing.mergeFrom(delta)
-				continue
-			}
-			allUpdates[affectedPeerID] = delta
-		}
-	}
-
-	for affectedPeerID, delta := range allUpdates {
-		b.applyDeltaToPeer(account, affectedPeerID, delta)
-	}
-
-	log.Debugf("NetworkMapBuilder: Added %d peers to cache, affected %d peers, took %s", len(peers), len(allUpdates), time.Since(tt))
-
-	b.apb.mu.Lock()
-	if len(b.apb.ids) > 0 {
-		b.apb.sg.Signal()
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) enqueuePeersForIncrementalAdd(acc *Account, peerIDs ...string) {
-	b.apb.mu.Lock()
-	b.apb.ids = append(b.apb.ids, peerIDs...)
-	if b.apb.la != nil && acc.Network.CurrentSerial() > b.apb.la.Network.CurrentSerial() {
-		b.apb.la = acc
-	}
-	b.apb.sg.Signal()
-	b.apb.mu.Unlock()
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) EnqueuePeersForIncrementalAdd(acc *Account, peerIDs ...string) {
-	b.enqueuePeersForIncrementalAdd(acc, peerIDs...)
-}
-
-type ViewDelta struct {
-	AddedPeerIDs   []string
-	RemovedPeerIDs []string
-	AddedRuleIDs   []string
-	RemovedRuleIDs []string
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) OnPeerAddedIncremental(acc *Account, peerID string) error {
-	tt := time.Now()
-	peer := acc.GetPeer(peerID)
-	if peer == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("NetworkMapBuilder: peer %s not found in account", peerID)
-	}
-
-	b.cache.mu.Lock()
-	defer b.cache.mu.Unlock()
-
-	account := b.updateAccountLocked(acc)
-
-	log.Debugf("NetworkMapBuilder: Adding peer %s (IP: %s) to cache", peerID, peer.IP.String())
-
-	b.validatedPeers[peerID] = struct{}{}
-
-	b.cache.globalPeers[peerID] = peer
-
-	peerGroups := b.updateIndexesForNewPeer(account, peerID)
-
-	b.buildPeerACLView(account, peerID)
-	b.buildPeerRoutesView(account, peerID)
-	b.buildPeerDNSView(account, peerID)
-
-	log.Debugf("NetworkMapBuilder: Adding peer %s to cache, views took %s", peerID, time.Since(tt))
-
-	b.incrementalUpdateAffectedPeers(account, peerID, peerGroups)
-
-	log.Debugf("NetworkMapBuilder: Added peer %s to cache, took %s", peerID, time.Since(tt))
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) updateIndexesForNewPeer(account *Account, peerID string) []string {
-	peerGroups := make([]string, 0)
-
-	for groupID, group := range account.Groups {
-		if slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID) {
-			if !slices.Contains(b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID], peerID) {
-				b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID] = append(b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID], peerID)
-			}
-			peerGroups = append(peerGroups, groupID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	b.cache.peerToGroups[peerID] = peerGroups
-
-	for _, r := range account.Routes {
-		if !r.Enabled || b.cache.globalRoutes[r.ID] != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
-			if !slices.Contains(b.cache.groupToRoutes[groupID], r) {
-				b.cache.groupToRoutes[groupID] = append(b.cache.groupToRoutes[groupID], r)
-			}
-		}
-		if r.Peer != "" {
-			if peer, ok := b.cache.globalPeers[r.Peer]; ok {
-				if !slices.Contains(b.cache.peerToRoutes[peer.ID], r) {
-					b.cache.peerToRoutes[peer.ID] = append(b.cache.peerToRoutes[peer.ID], r)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		b.cache.globalRoutes[r.ID] = r
-	}
-
-	return peerGroups
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) incrementalUpdateAffectedPeers(account *Account, newPeerID string, peerGroups []string) {
-	updates := b.collectDeltasForNewPeer(account, newPeerID, peerGroups)
-	for affectedPeerID, delta := range updates {
-		b.applyDeltaToPeer(account, affectedPeerID, delta)
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) collectDeltasForNewPeer(account *Account, newPeerID string, peerGroups []string) map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta {
-	updates := b.calculateIncrementalUpdates(account, newPeerID, peerGroups)
-
-	if b.isPeerRouter(account, newPeerID) {
-		affectedByRoutes := b.findPeersAffectedByNewRouter(account, newPeerID, peerGroups)
-		for affectedPeerID := range affectedByRoutes {
-			if affectedPeerID == newPeerID {
-				continue
-			}
-			if _, exists := updates[affectedPeerID]; !exists {
-				updates[affectedPeerID] = &PeerUpdateDelta{
-					PeerID:            affectedPeerID,
-					RebuildRoutesView: true,
-				}
-			} else {
-				updates[affectedPeerID].RebuildRoutesView = true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return updates
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) findPeersAffectedByNewRouter(account *Account, newRouterID string, routerGroups []string) map[string]struct{} {
-	affected := make(map[string]struct{})
-	enabledRoutes, _ := b.getRoutingPeerRoutes(newRouterID)
-
-	for _, route := range enabledRoutes {
-		for _, distGroupID := range route.Groups {
-			if peers := b.cache.groupToPeers[distGroupID]; peers != nil {
-				for _, peerID := range peers {
-					if peerID != newRouterID {
-						affected[peerID] = struct{}{}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		for _, peerGroupID := range route.PeerGroups {
-			if peers := b.cache.groupToPeers[peerGroupID]; peers != nil {
-				for _, peerID := range peers {
-					if peerID != newRouterID {
-						affected[peerID] = struct{}{}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, route := range account.Routes {
-		if !route.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		routerInPeerGroups := false
-		for _, peerGroupID := range route.PeerGroups {
-			if slices.Contains(routerGroups, peerGroupID) {
-				routerInPeerGroups = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		if routerInPeerGroups {
-			for _, distGroupID := range route.Groups {
-				if peers := b.cache.groupToPeers[distGroupID]; peers != nil {
-					for _, peerID := range peers {
-						affected[peerID] = struct{}{}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return affected
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) calculateIncrementalUpdates(account *Account, newPeerID string, peerGroups []string) map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta {
-	updates := make(map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta)
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	groupAllLn := 0
-	if allGroup, err := account.GetGroupAll(); err == nil {
-		groupAllLn = len(allGroup.Peers) - 1
-	}
-
-	newPeer := b.cache.globalPeers[newPeerID]
-	if newPeer == nil {
-		return updates
-	}
-
-	for _, policy := range account.Policies {
-		if !policy.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
-			if !rule.Enabled {
-				continue
-			}
-			var peerInSources, peerInDestinations bool
-
-			if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID == newPeerID {
-				peerInSources = true
-			} else {
-				peerInSources = b.isPeerInGroups(rule.Sources, peerGroups)
-			}
-
-			if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID == newPeerID {
-				peerInDestinations = true
-			} else {
-				peerInDestinations = b.isPeerInGroups(rule.Destinations, peerGroups)
-			}
-
-			if peerInSources {
-				if len(rule.Destinations) > 0 {
-					b.addUpdateForPeersInGroups(updates, rule.Destinations, newPeerID, rule, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, groupAllLn)
-				}
-				if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
-					b.addUpdateForDirectPeerResource(updates, rule.DestinationResource.ID, newPeerID, rule, FirewallRuleDirectionIN)
-				}
-			}
-
-			if peerInDestinations {
-				if len(rule.Sources) > 0 {
-					b.addUpdateForPeersInGroups(updates, rule.Sources, newPeerID, rule, FirewallRuleDirectionOUT, groupAllLn)
-				}
-				if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
-					b.addUpdateForDirectPeerResource(updates, rule.SourceResource.ID, newPeerID, rule, FirewallRuleDirectionOUT)
-				}
-			}
-
-			if rule.Bidirectional {
-				if peerInSources {
-					if len(rule.Destinations) > 0 {
-						b.addUpdateForPeersInGroups(updates, rule.Destinations, newPeerID, rule, FirewallRuleDirectionOUT, groupAllLn)
-					}
-					if rule.DestinationResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
-						b.addUpdateForDirectPeerResource(updates, rule.DestinationResource.ID, newPeerID, rule, FirewallRuleDirectionOUT)
-					}
-				}
-				if peerInDestinations {
-					if len(rule.Sources) > 0 {
-						b.addUpdateForPeersInGroups(updates, rule.Sources, newPeerID, rule, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, groupAllLn)
-					}
-					if rule.SourceResource.Type == ResourceTypePeer && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
-						b.addUpdateForDirectPeerResource(updates, rule.SourceResource.ID, newPeerID, rule, FirewallRuleDirectionIN)
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	b.calculateRouteFirewallUpdates(newPeerID, newPeer, peerGroups, updates)
-
-	b.calculateNetworkResourceFirewallUpdates(ctx, account, newPeerID, newPeer, peerGroups, updates)
-
-	b.calculateNewRouterNetworkResourceUpdates(ctx, account, newPeerID, updates)
-
-	return updates
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) calculateNewRouterNetworkResourceUpdates(
-	ctx context.Context, account *Account, newPeerID string,
-	updates map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta,
-) {
-	resourceRouters := b.cache.resourceRouters
-
-	for networkID, routers := range resourceRouters {
-		router, isRouter := routers[newPeerID]
-		if !isRouter || !router.Enabled {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for _, resource := range b.cache.globalResources {
-			if resource.NetworkID != networkID {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			policies := b.cache.resourcePolicies[resource.ID]
-			if len(policies) == 0 {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			peersWithAccess := make(map[string]struct{})
-
-			for _, policy := range policies {
-				if !policy.Enabled {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				sourceGroups := policy.SourceGroups()
-				for _, sourceGroup := range sourceGroups {
-					groupPeers := b.cache.groupToPeers[sourceGroup]
-					for _, peerID := range groupPeers {
-						if peerID == newPeerID {
-							continue
-						}
-
-						if account.validatePostureChecksOnPeer(ctx, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID) {
-							peersWithAccess[peerID] = struct{}{}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			for peerID := range peersWithAccess {
-				delta := updates[peerID]
-				if delta == nil {
-					delta = &PeerUpdateDelta{
-						PeerID: peerID,
-					}
-					updates[peerID] = delta
-				}
-
-				if !slices.Contains(delta.AddConnectedPeers, newPeerID) {
-					delta.AddConnectedPeers = append(delta.AddConnectedPeers, newPeerID)
-				}
-
-				delta.RebuildRoutesView = true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) calculateRouteFirewallUpdates(
-	newPeerID string, newPeer *nbpeer.Peer,
-	peerGroups []string, updates map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta,
-) {
-	processedPeerRoutes := make(map[string]map[route.ID]struct{})
-
-	for routeID, info := range b.cache.noACGRoutes {
-		if info.PeerID == newPeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		b.addRouteFirewallUpdate(updates, info.PeerID, string(routeID), newPeer.IP.String())
-
-		if processedPeerRoutes[info.PeerID] == nil {
-			processedPeerRoutes[info.PeerID] = make(map[route.ID]struct{})
-		}
-		processedPeerRoutes[info.PeerID][routeID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	for _, acg := range peerGroups {
-		routeInfos := b.cache.acgToRoutes[acg]
-		if routeInfos == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		for routeID, info := range routeInfos {
-			if info.PeerID == newPeerID {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if processedRoutes, exists := processedPeerRoutes[info.PeerID]; exists {
-				if _, processed := processedRoutes[routeID]; processed {
-					continue
-				}
-			}
-
-			b.addRouteFirewallUpdate(updates, info.PeerID, string(routeID), newPeer.IP.String())
-
-			if processedPeerRoutes[info.PeerID] == nil {
-				processedPeerRoutes[info.PeerID] = make(map[route.ID]struct{})
-			}
-			processedPeerRoutes[info.PeerID][routeID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) addRouteFirewallUpdate(
-	updates map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta, peerID string,
-	routeID string, sourceIP string,
-) {
-	delta := updates[peerID]
-	if delta == nil {
-		delta = &PeerUpdateDelta{
-			PeerID:                   peerID,
-			UpdateRouteFirewallRules: make([]*RouteFirewallRuleUpdate, 0),
-		}
-		updates[peerID] = delta
-	}
-
-	for _, existing := range delta.UpdateRouteFirewallRules {
-		if existing.RuleID == routeID && existing.AddSourceIP == sourceIP {
-			return
-		}
-	}
-
-	delta.UpdateRouteFirewallRules = append(delta.UpdateRouteFirewallRules, &RouteFirewallRuleUpdate{
-		RuleID:      routeID,
-		AddSourceIP: sourceIP,
-	})
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) calculateNetworkResourceFirewallUpdates(
-	ctx context.Context, account *Account, newPeerID string,
-	newPeer *nbpeer.Peer, peerGroups []string, updates map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta,
-) {
-	for _, resource := range b.cache.globalResources {
-		resourcePolicies := b.cache.resourcePolicies
-		resourceRouters := b.cache.resourceRouters
-
-		policies := resourcePolicies[resource.ID]
-		peerHasAccess := false
-
-		for _, policy := range policies {
-			if !policy.Enabled {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			sourceGroups := policy.SourceGroups()
-			for _, sourceGroup := range sourceGroups {
-				if slices.Contains(peerGroups, sourceGroup) {
-					if account.validatePostureChecksOnPeer(ctx, policy.SourcePostureChecks, newPeerID) {
-						peerHasAccess = true
-						break
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			if peerHasAccess {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !peerHasAccess {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		networkRouters := resourceRouters[resource.NetworkID]
-		for routerPeerID, router := range networkRouters {
-			if !router.Enabled || routerPeerID == newPeerID {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			delta := updates[routerPeerID]
-			if delta == nil {
-				delta = &PeerUpdateDelta{
-					PeerID: routerPeerID,
-				}
-				updates[routerPeerID] = delta
-			}
-
-			if !slices.Contains(delta.AddConnectedPeers, newPeerID) {
-				delta.AddConnectedPeers = append(delta.AddConnectedPeers, newPeerID)
-			}
-
-			delta.RebuildRoutesView = true
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-type PeerUpdateDelta struct {
-	PeerID                   string
-	AddConnectedPeers        []string
-	AddFirewallRules         []*FirewallRuleDelta
-	AddRoutes                []route.ID
-	UpdateRouteFirewallRules []*RouteFirewallRuleUpdate
-	UpdateDNS                bool
-	RebuildRoutesView        bool
-}
-
-func (d *PeerUpdateDelta) mergeFrom(other *PeerUpdateDelta) {
-	for _, peerID := range other.AddConnectedPeers {
-		if !slices.Contains(d.AddConnectedPeers, peerID) {
-			d.AddConnectedPeers = append(d.AddConnectedPeers, peerID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	existingRuleIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(d.AddFirewallRules))
-	for _, rule := range d.AddFirewallRules {
-		existingRuleIDs[rule.RuleID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, rule := range other.AddFirewallRules {
-		if _, exists := existingRuleIDs[rule.RuleID]; !exists {
-			d.AddFirewallRules = append(d.AddFirewallRules, rule)
-			existingRuleIDs[rule.RuleID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, routeID := range other.AddRoutes {
-		if !slices.Contains(d.AddRoutes, routeID) {
-			d.AddRoutes = append(d.AddRoutes, routeID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	existingRouteUpdates := make(map[string]map[string]struct{})
-	for _, update := range d.UpdateRouteFirewallRules {
-		if existingRouteUpdates[update.RuleID] == nil {
-			existingRouteUpdates[update.RuleID] = make(map[string]struct{})
-		}
-		existingRouteUpdates[update.RuleID][update.AddSourceIP] = struct{}{}
-	}
-	for _, update := range other.UpdateRouteFirewallRules {
-		if existingRouteUpdates[update.RuleID] == nil {
-			existingRouteUpdates[update.RuleID] = make(map[string]struct{})
-		}
-		if _, exists := existingRouteUpdates[update.RuleID][update.AddSourceIP]; !exists {
-			d.UpdateRouteFirewallRules = append(d.UpdateRouteFirewallRules, update)
-			existingRouteUpdates[update.RuleID][update.AddSourceIP] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if other.UpdateDNS {
-		d.UpdateDNS = true
-	}
-	if other.RebuildRoutesView {
-		d.RebuildRoutesView = true
-	}
-}
-
-type FirewallRuleDelta struct {
-	Rule      *FirewallRule
-	RuleID    string
-	Direction int
-}
-
-type RouteFirewallRuleUpdate struct {
-	RuleID      string
-	AddSourceIP string
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) addUpdateForPeersInGroups(
-	updates map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta, groupIDs []string, newPeerID string,
-	rule *PolicyRule, direction int, allGroupLn int,
-) {
-	for _, groupID := range groupIDs {
-		peers := b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID]
-		cnt := 0
-		for _, peerID := range peers {
-			if peerID == newPeerID {
-				continue
-			}
-			if _, ok := b.validatedPeers[peerID]; !ok {
-				continue
-			}
-			cnt++
-		}
-		all := false
-		if allGroupLn > 0 && cnt == allGroupLn {
-			all = true
-		}
-		newPeer := b.cache.globalPeers[newPeerID]
-		fr := &FirewallRule{
-			PolicyID:  rule.ID,
-			PeerIP:    newPeer.IP.String(),
-			Direction: direction,
-			Action:    string(rule.Action),
-			Protocol:  firewallRuleProtocol(rule.Protocol),
-		}
-		for _, peerID := range peers {
-			if peerID == newPeerID {
-				continue
-			}
-			if _, ok := b.validatedPeers[peerID]; !ok {
-				continue
-			}
-			targetPeer := b.cache.globalPeers[peerID]
-			if targetPeer == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			peerIPForRule := fr.PeerIP
-			if all {
-				peerIPForRule = allPeers
-			}
-
-			b.addOrUpdateFirewallRuleInDelta(updates, peerID, newPeerID, rule, direction, fr, peerIPForRule, targetPeer)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) addUpdateForDirectPeerResource(
-	updates map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta, targetPeerID string, newPeerID string,
-	rule *PolicyRule, direction int,
-) {
-	if targetPeerID == newPeerID {
-		return
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := b.validatedPeers[targetPeerID]; !ok {
-		return
-	}
-
-	newPeer := b.cache.globalPeers[newPeerID]
-	if newPeer == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	targetPeer := b.cache.globalPeers[targetPeerID]
-	if targetPeer == nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	fr := &FirewallRule{
-		PolicyID:  rule.ID,
-		PeerIP:    newPeer.IP.String(),
-		Direction: direction,
-		Action:    string(rule.Action),
-		Protocol:  firewallRuleProtocol(rule.Protocol),
-	}
-
-	b.addOrUpdateFirewallRuleInDelta(updates, targetPeerID, newPeerID, rule, direction, fr, fr.PeerIP, targetPeer)
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) addOrUpdateFirewallRuleInDelta(
-	updates map[string]*PeerUpdateDelta, targetPeerID string, newPeerID string,
-	rule *PolicyRule, direction int, baseRule *FirewallRule, peerIP string, targetPeer *nbpeer.Peer,
-) {
-	delta := updates[targetPeerID]
-	if delta == nil {
-		delta = &PeerUpdateDelta{
-			PeerID:            targetPeerID,
-			AddConnectedPeers: []string{newPeerID},
-			AddFirewallRules:  make([]*FirewallRuleDelta, 0),
-		}
-		updates[targetPeerID] = delta
-	} else if !slices.Contains(delta.AddConnectedPeers, newPeerID) {
-		delta.AddConnectedPeers = append(delta.AddConnectedPeers, newPeerID)
-	}
-
-	baseRule.PeerIP = peerIP
-
-	if len(rule.Ports) > 0 || len(rule.PortRanges) > 0 {
-		expandedRules := expandPortsAndRanges(*baseRule, rule, targetPeer)
-		for _, expandedRule := range expandedRules {
-			ruleID := b.generateFirewallRuleID(expandedRule)
-			delta.AddFirewallRules = append(delta.AddFirewallRules, &FirewallRuleDelta{
-				Rule:      expandedRule,
-				RuleID:    ruleID,
-				Direction: direction,
-			})
-		}
-	} else {
-		ruleID := b.generateFirewallRuleID(baseRule)
-		delta.AddFirewallRules = append(delta.AddFirewallRules, &FirewallRuleDelta{
-			Rule:      baseRule,
-			RuleID:    ruleID,
-			Direction: direction,
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) applyDeltaToPeer(account *Account, peerID string, delta *PeerUpdateDelta) {
-	if len(delta.AddConnectedPeers) > 0 || len(delta.AddFirewallRules) > 0 {
-		if aclView := b.cache.peerACLs[peerID]; aclView != nil {
-			for _, connectedPeerID := range delta.AddConnectedPeers {
-				if !slices.Contains(aclView.ConnectedPeerIDs, connectedPeerID) {
-					aclView.ConnectedPeerIDs = append(aclView.ConnectedPeerIDs, connectedPeerID)
-				}
-			}
-
-			for _, ruleDelta := range delta.AddFirewallRules {
-				b.cache.globalRules[ruleDelta.RuleID] = ruleDelta.Rule
-
-				if !slices.Contains(aclView.FirewallRuleIDs, ruleDelta.RuleID) {
-					aclView.FirewallRuleIDs = append(aclView.FirewallRuleIDs, ruleDelta.RuleID)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if delta.RebuildRoutesView {
-		b.buildPeerRoutesView(account, peerID)
-	} else if len(delta.UpdateRouteFirewallRules) > 0 {
-		if routesView := b.cache.peerRoutes[peerID]; routesView != nil {
-			b.updateRouteFirewallRules(routesView, delta.UpdateRouteFirewallRules)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if delta.UpdateDNS {
-		b.buildPeerDNSView(account, peerID)
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) updateRouteFirewallRules(routesView *PeerRoutesView, updates []*RouteFirewallRuleUpdate) {
-	for _, update := range updates {
-		for _, ruleID := range routesView.RouteFirewallRuleIDs {
-			rule := b.cache.globalRouteRules[ruleID]
-			if rule == nil {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			if string(rule.RouteID) == update.RuleID {
-				if hasWildcard := slices.Contains(rule.SourceRanges, allWildcard) || slices.Contains(rule.SourceRanges, v6AllWildcard); hasWildcard {
-					break
-				}
-
-				sourceIP := update.AddSourceIP
-
-				if strings.Contains(sourceIP, ":") {
-					sourceIP += "/128" // IPv6
-				} else {
-					sourceIP += "/32" // IPv4
-				}
-
-				if !slices.Contains(rule.SourceRanges, sourceIP) {
-					rule.SourceRanges = append(rule.SourceRanges, sourceIP)
-				}
-				break
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) OnPeerDeleted(acc *Account, peerID string) error {
-	b.cache.mu.Lock()
-	defer b.cache.mu.Unlock()
-
-	account := b.updateAccountLocked(acc)
-
-	deletedPeer := b.cache.globalPeers[peerID]
-	if deletedPeer == nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("peer %s not found in cache", peerID)
-	}
-
-	deletedPeerKey := deletedPeer.Key
-	peerGroups := b.cache.peerToGroups[peerID]
-	peerIP := deletedPeer.IP.String()
-
-	log.Debugf("NetworkMapBuilder: Deleting peer %s (IP: %s) from cache", peerID, peerIP)
-
-	delete(b.validatedPeers, peerID)
-
-	routesToDelete := []route.ID{}
-
-	for routeID, r := range account.Routes {
-		if r.Peer != deletedPeerKey && r.PeerID != peerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		if len(r.PeerGroups) == 0 {
-			routesToDelete = append(routesToDelete, routeID)
-			continue
-		}
-		newPeerAssigned := false
-		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
-			candidatePeerIDs := b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID]
-			for _, candidatePeerID := range candidatePeerIDs {
-				if candidatePeerID == peerID {
-					continue
-				}
-				if candidatePeer := b.cache.globalPeers[candidatePeerID]; candidatePeer != nil {
-					r.Peer = candidatePeer.Key
-					r.PeerID = candidatePeerID
-					newPeerAssigned = true
-					break
-				}
-			}
-			if newPeerAssigned {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		if !newPeerAssigned {
-			routesToDelete = append(routesToDelete, routeID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, routeID := range routesToDelete {
-		delete(account.Routes, routeID)
-	}
-
-	delete(b.cache.peerACLs, peerID)
-	delete(b.cache.peerRoutes, peerID)
-	delete(b.cache.peerDNS, peerID)
-	delete(b.cache.peerSSH, peerID)
-
-	delete(b.cache.globalPeers, peerID)
-
-	for acg, routeMap := range b.cache.acgToRoutes {
-		for routeID, info := range routeMap {
-			if info.PeerID == peerID {
-				delete(routeMap, routeID)
-			}
-		}
-		if len(routeMap) == 0 {
-			delete(b.cache.acgToRoutes, acg)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, groupID := range peerGroups {
-		if peers := b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID]; peers != nil {
-			b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID] = slices.DeleteFunc(peers, func(id string) bool {
-				return id == peerID
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	delete(b.cache.peerToGroups, peerID)
-
-	affectedPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
-
-	for _, r := range account.Routes {
-		for _, groupID := range r.Groups {
-			if peers := b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID]; peers != nil {
-				for _, p := range peers {
-					affectedPeers[p] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
-			if peers := b.cache.groupToPeers[groupID]; peers != nil {
-				for _, p := range peers {
-					affectedPeers[p] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for affectedPeerID := range affectedPeers {
-		if affectedPeerID == peerID {
-			continue
-		}
-		b.buildPeerRoutesView(account, affectedPeerID)
-	}
-
-	peersToRebuildACL := make(map[string]struct{})
-	peerDeletionUpdates := b.findPeersAffectedByDeletedPeerACL(peerID, peerIP, peerGroups, peersToRebuildACL)
-	for affectedPeerID, updates := range peerDeletionUpdates {
-		b.applyDeletionUpdates(affectedPeerID, updates)
-	}
-
-	for affectedPeerID := range peersToRebuildACL {
-		b.buildPeerACLView(account, affectedPeerID)
-	}
-
-	b.cleanupUnusedRules()
-
-	log.Debugf("NetworkMapBuilder: Deleted peer %s, affected %d other peers", peerID, len(affectedPeers))
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) findPeersAffectedByDeletedPeerACL(
-	deletedPeerID string,
-	peerIP string,
-	peerGroups []string,
-	peersToRebuildACL map[string]struct{},
-) map[string]*PeerDeletionUpdate {
-
-	affected := make(map[string]*PeerDeletionUpdate)
-
-	for peerID, aclView := range b.cache.peerACLs {
-		if peerID == deletedPeerID {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if slices.Contains(aclView.ConnectedPeerIDs, deletedPeerID) {
-			peersToRebuildACL[peerID] = struct{}{}
-			if affected[peerID] == nil {
-				affected[peerID] = &PeerDeletionUpdate{
-					RemovePeerID: deletedPeerID,
-					PeerIP:       peerIP,
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	affectedRouteOwners := make(map[string]struct{})
-
-	for _, groupID := range peerGroups {
-		if routeMap, ok := b.cache.acgToRoutes[groupID]; ok {
-			for _, info := range routeMap {
-				if info.PeerID != deletedPeerID {
-					affectedRouteOwners[info.PeerID] = struct{}{}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, info := range b.cache.noACGRoutes {
-		if info.PeerID != deletedPeerID {
-			affectedRouteOwners[info.PeerID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for ownerPeerID := range affectedRouteOwners {
-		if affected[ownerPeerID] == nil {
-			affected[ownerPeerID] = &PeerDeletionUpdate{
-				RemovePeerID:           deletedPeerID,
-				PeerIP:                 peerIP,
-				RemoveFromSourceRanges: true,
-			}
-		} else {
-			affected[ownerPeerID].RemoveFromSourceRanges = true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return affected
-}
-
-type PeerDeletionUpdate struct {
-	RemovePeerID           string
-	RemoveFirewallRuleIDs  []string
-	RemoveRouteIDs         []route.ID
-	RemoveFromSourceRanges bool
-	PeerIP                 string
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) applyDeletionUpdates(peerID string, updates *PeerDeletionUpdate) {
-	if routesView := b.cache.peerRoutes[peerID]; routesView != nil {
-		if len(updates.RemoveRouteIDs) > 0 {
-			routesView.NetworkResourceIDs = slices.DeleteFunc(routesView.NetworkResourceIDs, func(routeID route.ID) bool {
-				return slices.Contains(updates.RemoveRouteIDs, routeID)
-			})
-		}
-
-		if updates.RemoveFromSourceRanges {
-			b.removeIPFromRouteFirewallRules(routesView, updates.PeerIP)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) removeIPFromRouteFirewallRules(routesView *PeerRoutesView, peerIP string) {
-	sourceIPv4 := peerIP + "/32"
-	sourceIPv6 := peerIP + "/128"
-
-	rulesToRemove := []string{}
-
-	for _, ruleID := range routesView.RouteFirewallRuleIDs {
-		if rule := b.cache.globalRouteRules[ruleID]; rule != nil {
-			rule.SourceRanges = slices.DeleteFunc(rule.SourceRanges, func(source string) bool {
-				return source == sourceIPv4 || source == sourceIPv6 || source == peerIP
-			})
-
-			if len(rule.SourceRanges) == 0 {
-				rulesToRemove = append(rulesToRemove, ruleID)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if len(rulesToRemove) > 0 {
-		routesView.RouteFirewallRuleIDs = slices.DeleteFunc(routesView.RouteFirewallRuleIDs, func(ruleID string) bool {
-			return slices.Contains(rulesToRemove, ruleID)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) cleanupUnusedRules() {
-	usedFirewallRules := make(map[string]struct{})
-	usedRouteRules := make(map[string]struct{})
-	usedRoutes := make(map[route.ID]struct{})
-
-	for _, aclView := range b.cache.peerACLs {
-		for _, ruleID := range aclView.FirewallRuleIDs {
-			usedFirewallRules[ruleID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, routesView := range b.cache.peerRoutes {
-		for _, ruleID := range routesView.RouteFirewallRuleIDs {
-			usedRouteRules[ruleID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-
-		for _, routeID := range routesView.OwnRouteIDs {
-			usedRoutes[routeID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-		for _, routeID := range routesView.NetworkResourceIDs {
-			usedRoutes[routeID] = struct{}{}
-		}
-	}
-
-	for ruleID := range b.cache.globalRules {
-		if _, used := usedFirewallRules[ruleID]; !used {
-			delete(b.cache.globalRules, ruleID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for ruleID := range b.cache.globalRouteRules {
-		if _, used := usedRouteRules[ruleID]; !used {
-			delete(b.cache.globalRouteRules, ruleID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for routeID := range b.cache.globalRoutes {
-		if _, used := usedRoutes[routeID]; !used {
-			delete(b.cache.globalRoutes, routeID)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *NetworkMapBuilder) UpdatePeer(peer *nbpeer.Peer) {
-	b.cache.mu.Lock()
-	defer b.cache.mu.Unlock()
-	peerStored, ok := b.cache.globalPeers[peer.ID]
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	*peerStored = *peer
-}
diff --git a/management/server/types/peer.go b/management/server/types/peer.go
index 15d343793..885d67bba 100644
--- a/management/server/types/peer.go
+++ b/management/server/types/peer.go
@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ type PeerSync struct {
 	WireGuardPubKey string
 	// Meta is the system information passed by peer, must be always present
 	Meta nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta
+	// RealIP is the peer's connection IP, used to refresh its geo location.
+	// May be nil when the request has no associated connection IP.
+	RealIP net.IP
 	// UpdateAccountPeers indicate updating account peers,
 	// which occurs when the peer's metadata is updated
 	UpdateAccountPeers bool
diff --git a/management/server/types/peer_networkmap_result.go b/management/server/types/peer_networkmap_result.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fadbeb599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/peer_networkmap_result.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package types
+
+// PeerNetworkMapResult is what the network_map controller produces for a
+// single peer. Exactly one of NetworkMap or Components is populated depending
+// on the peer's capability:
+//
+//   - Components-capable peers (PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap) get
+//     Components: the raw types.NetworkMapComponents the client decodes and
+//     runs Calculate() on locally. NetworkMap stays nil — the server skips
+//     the expansion entirely.
+//   - Legacy peers (or any peer when the kill switch is set) get NetworkMap:
+//     the fully-expanded view the legacy gRPC path consumes.
+//
+// The gRPC layer (ToSyncResponseForPeer) dispatches by which field is
+// non-nil; callers must not rely on both being set.
+type PeerNetworkMapResult struct {
+	NetworkMap *NetworkMap
+	Components *NetworkMapComponents
+}
+
+// IsComponents reports whether the result carries the components shape.
+// Use this in preference to direct nil checks on the fields.
+func (r PeerNetworkMapResult) IsComponents() bool {
+	return r.Components != nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/peer_networkmap_result_test.go b/management/server/types/peer_networkmap_result_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..908581a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/peer_networkmap_result_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package types_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+)
+
+// helper: marks the given peer as components-capable.
+func markCapable(p *nbpeer.Peer) {
+	p.Meta.Capabilities = append(p.Meta.Capabilities, nbpeer.PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap)
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapResult_CapablePeerGetsComponents(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(10, 2)
+	markCapable(account.Peers["peer-0"])
+
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+
+	result := account.GetPeerNetworkMapResult(
+		context.Background(),
+		"peer-0",
+		false, // componentsDisabled
+		nbdns.CustomZone{},
+		nil,
+		validatedPeers,
+		resourcePolicies,
+		routers,
+		nil,
+		groupIDToUserIDs,
+	)
+
+	require.True(t, result.IsComponents(), "capable peer must get the components shape")
+	assert.Nil(t, result.NetworkMap)
+	require.NotNil(t, result.Components)
+	assert.Equal(t, "peer-0", result.Components.PeerID)
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapResult_LegacyPeerGetsNetworkMap(t *testing.T) {
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(10, 2)
+	// peer-0 left without the component capability
+
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+
+	result := account.GetPeerNetworkMapResult(
+		context.Background(),
+		"peer-0",
+		false,
+		nbdns.CustomZone{},
+		nil,
+		validatedPeers,
+		resourcePolicies,
+		routers,
+		nil,
+		groupIDToUserIDs,
+	)
+
+	assert.False(t, result.IsComponents())
+	assert.Nil(t, result.Components)
+	require.NotNil(t, result.NetworkMap, "legacy peer must get a NetworkMap")
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapResult_KillSwitchOverridesCapability(t *testing.T) {
+	// Capable peer + componentsDisabled=true → falls back to legacy.
+	account, validatedPeers := scalableTestAccount(10, 2)
+	markCapable(account.Peers["peer-0"])
+
+	resourcePolicies := account.GetResourcePoliciesMap()
+	routers := account.GetResourceRoutersMap()
+	groupIDToUserIDs := account.GetActiveGroupUsers()
+
+	result := account.GetPeerNetworkMapResult(
+		context.Background(),
+		"peer-0",
+		true, // componentsDisabled = true (kill switch)
+		nbdns.CustomZone{},
+		nil,
+		validatedPeers,
+		resourcePolicies,
+		routers,
+		nil,
+		groupIDToUserIDs,
+	)
+
+	assert.False(t, result.IsComponents(), "kill switch must force legacy NetworkMap path")
+	assert.Nil(t, result.Components)
+	require.NotNil(t, result.NetworkMap)
+}
+
+func TestPeerNetworkMapResult_IsComponents(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.True(t, types.PeerNetworkMapResult{Components: &types.NetworkMapComponents{}}.IsComponents())
+	assert.False(t, types.PeerNetworkMapResult{NetworkMap: &types.NetworkMap{}}.IsComponents())
+	assert.False(t, types.PeerNetworkMapResult{}.IsComponents())
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/policy.go b/management/server/types/policy.go
index d410aec8d..0f7298d18 100644
--- a/management/server/types/policy.go
+++ b/management/server/types/policy.go
@@ -1,32 +1,5 @@
 package types
 
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-const (
-	// PolicyTrafficActionAccept indicates that the traffic is accepted
-	PolicyTrafficActionAccept = PolicyTrafficActionType("accept")
-	// PolicyTrafficActionDrop indicates that the traffic is dropped
-	PolicyTrafficActionDrop = PolicyTrafficActionType("drop")
-)
-
-const (
-	// PolicyRuleProtocolALL type of traffic
-	PolicyRuleProtocolALL = PolicyRuleProtocolType("all")
-	// PolicyRuleProtocolTCP type of traffic
-	PolicyRuleProtocolTCP = PolicyRuleProtocolType("tcp")
-	// PolicyRuleProtocolUDP type of traffic
-	PolicyRuleProtocolUDP = PolicyRuleProtocolType("udp")
-	// PolicyRuleProtocolICMP type of traffic
-	PolicyRuleProtocolICMP = PolicyRuleProtocolType("icmp")
-	// PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH type of traffic
-	PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH = PolicyRuleProtocolType("netbird-ssh")
-)
-
 const (
 	// PolicyRuleFlowDirect allows traffic from source to destination
 	PolicyRuleFlowDirect = PolicyRuleDirection("direct")
@@ -56,6 +29,8 @@ type Policy struct {
 	// ID of the policy'
 	ID string `gorm:"primaryKey"`
 
+	PublicID string `json:"-"`
+
 	// AccountID is a reference to Account that this object belongs
 	AccountID string `json:"-" gorm:"index"`
 
@@ -80,6 +55,7 @@ func (p *Policy) Copy() *Policy {
 	c := &Policy{
 		ID:                  p.ID,
 		AccountID:           p.AccountID,
+		PublicID:            p.PublicID,
 		Name:                p.Name,
 		Description:         p.Description,
 		Enabled:             p.Enabled,
@@ -181,85 +157,3 @@ func (p *Policy) SourceGroups() []string {
 
 	return groupIDs
 }
-
-func ParseRuleString(rule string) (PolicyRuleProtocolType, RulePortRange, error) {
-	rule = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(rule))
-	if rule == "all" {
-		return PolicyRuleProtocolALL, RulePortRange{}, nil
-	}
-	if rule == "icmp" {
-		return PolicyRuleProtocolICMP, RulePortRange{}, nil
-	}
-
-	split := strings.Split(rule, "/")
-	if len(split) != 2 {
-		return "", RulePortRange{}, errors.New("invalid rule format: expected protocol/port or protocol/port-range")
-	}
-
-	protoStr := strings.TrimSpace(split[0])
-	portStr := strings.TrimSpace(split[1])
-
-	var protocol PolicyRuleProtocolType
-	switch protoStr {
-	case "tcp":
-		protocol = PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
-	case "udp":
-		protocol = PolicyRuleProtocolUDP
-	case "icmp":
-		return "", RulePortRange{}, errors.New("icmp does not accept ports; use 'icmp' without '/…'")
-	case "netbird-ssh":
-		return PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH, RulePortRange{Start: nativeSSHPortNumber, End: nativeSSHPortNumber}, nil
-	default:
-		return "", RulePortRange{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid protocol: %q", protoStr)
-	}
-
-	portRange, err := parsePortRange(portStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", RulePortRange{}, err
-	}
-
-	return protocol, portRange, nil
-}
-
-func parsePortRange(portStr string) (RulePortRange, error) {
-	if strings.Contains(portStr, "-") {
-		rangeParts := strings.Split(portStr, "-")
-		if len(rangeParts) != 2 {
-			return RulePortRange{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid port range %q", portStr)
-		}
-		start, err := parsePort(strings.TrimSpace(rangeParts[0]))
-		if err != nil {
-			return RulePortRange{}, err
-		}
-		end, err := parsePort(strings.TrimSpace(rangeParts[1]))
-		if err != nil {
-			return RulePortRange{}, err
-		}
-		if start > end {
-			return RulePortRange{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid port range: start %d > end %d", start, end)
-		}
-		return RulePortRange{Start: uint16(start), End: uint16(end)}, nil
-	}
-
-	p, err := parsePort(portStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return RulePortRange{}, err
-	}
-
-	return RulePortRange{Start: uint16(p), End: uint16(p)}, nil
-}
-
-func parsePort(portStr string) (int, error) {
-
-	if portStr == "" {
-		return 0, errors.New("empty port")
-	}
-	p, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid port %q: %w", portStr, err)
-	}
-	if p < 1 || p > 65535 {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("port out of range (1–65535): %d", p)
-	}
-	return p, nil
-}
diff --git a/management/server/types/policyrule.go b/management/server/types/policyrule.go
index 52c494a6a..87905f005 100644
--- a/management/server/types/policyrule.go
+++ b/management/server/types/policyrule.go
@@ -2,43 +2,14 @@ package types
 
 import (
 	"slices"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
 // PolicyUpdateOperationType operation type
 type PolicyUpdateOperationType int
 
-// PolicyTrafficActionType action type for the firewall
-type PolicyTrafficActionType string
-
-// PolicyRuleProtocolType type of traffic
-type PolicyRuleProtocolType string
-
 // PolicyRuleDirection direction of traffic
 type PolicyRuleDirection string
 
-// RulePortRange represents a range of ports for a firewall rule.
-type RulePortRange struct {
-	Start uint16
-	End   uint16
-}
-
-func (r *RulePortRange) ToProto() *proto.PortInfo {
-	return &proto.PortInfo{
-		PortSelection: &proto.PortInfo_Range_{
-			Range: &proto.PortInfo_Range{
-				Start: uint32(r.Start),
-				End:   uint32(r.End),
-			},
-		},
-	}
-}
-
-func (r *RulePortRange) Equal(other *RulePortRange) bool {
-	return r.Start == other.Start && r.End == other.End
-}
-
 // PolicyRule is the metadata of the policy
 type PolicyRule struct {
 	// ID of the policy rule
diff --git a/management/server/types/proxy_access_token.go b/management/server/types/proxy_access_token.go
index b20b83bc1..9bb27ef02 100644
--- a/management/server/types/proxy_access_token.go
+++ b/management/server/types/proxy_access_token.go
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ type ProxyAccessTokenGenerated struct {
 // CreateNewProxyAccessToken generates a new proxy access token.
 // Returns the token with hashed value stored and plain token for one-time display.
 func CreateNewProxyAccessToken(name string, expiresIn time.Duration, accountID *string, createdBy string) (*ProxyAccessTokenGenerated, error) {
-	hashedToken, plainToken, err := generateProxyToken()
+	hashedToken, plainToken, err := GenerateProxyToken()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -94,7 +94,10 @@ func CreateNewProxyAccessToken(name string, expiresIn time.Duration, accountID *
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func generateProxyToken() (HashedProxyToken, PlainProxyToken, error) {
+// GenerateProxyToken generates a new random proxy token, returning its SHA-256
+// hash (for storage) and the one-time plaintext. Exported so external modules
+// can mint tokens in the canonical proxy-token format.
+func GenerateProxyToken() (HashedProxyToken, PlainProxyToken, error) {
 	secret, err := b.Random(ProxyTokenSecretLength)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", "", err
diff --git a/management/server/types/proxy_access_token_test.go b/management/server/types/proxy_access_token_test.go
index aa1a4d2dd..740b87c2f 100644
--- a/management/server/types/proxy_access_token_test.go
+++ b/management/server/types/proxy_access_token_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -123,6 +124,22 @@ func TestCreateNewProxyAccessToken(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+func TestGenerateProxyToken(t *testing.T) {
+	hashed, plain, err := GenerateProxyToken()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := plain.Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("generated token failed Validate(): %v", err)
+	}
+	if plain.Hash() != hashed {
+		t.Error("returned hashed token does not match Hash(plain)")
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(string(plain), ProxyTokenPrefix) {
+		t.Errorf("token %q missing prefix %q", plain, ProxyTokenPrefix)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestProxyAccessToken_IsExpired(t *testing.T) {
 	past := time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour)
 	future := time.Now().Add(1 * time.Hour)
diff --git a/management/server/types/resource.go b/management/server/types/resource.go
index 8347d8c03..0f065c850 100644
--- a/management/server/types/resource.go
+++ b/management/server/types/resource.go
@@ -4,15 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
 )
 
-type ResourceType string
-
-const (
-	ResourceTypePeer   ResourceType = "peer"
-	ResourceTypeDomain ResourceType = "domain"
-	ResourceTypeHost   ResourceType = "host"
-	ResourceTypeSubnet ResourceType = "subnet"
-)
-
 type Resource struct {
 	ID   string
 	Type ResourceType
diff --git a/management/server/types/settings.go b/management/server/types/settings.go
index 4ea79ec72..815c93ce6 100644
--- a/management/server/types/settings.go
+++ b/management/server/types/settings.go
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ type Settings struct {
 
 	// NetworkRange is the custom network range for that account
 	NetworkRange netip.Prefix `gorm:"serializer:json"`
+	// NetworkRangeV6 is the custom IPv6 network range for that account
+	NetworkRangeV6 netip.Prefix `gorm:"serializer:json"`
 
 	// PeerExposeEnabled enables or disables peer-initiated service expose
 	PeerExposeEnabled bool
@@ -65,6 +67,24 @@ type Settings struct {
 	// when false, updates require user interaction from the UI
 	AutoUpdateAlways bool `gorm:"default:false"`
 
+	// IPv6EnabledGroups is the list of group IDs whose peers receive IPv6 overlay addresses.
+	// Peers not in any of these groups will not be allocated an IPv6 address.
+	// Empty list means IPv6 is disabled for the account.
+	// For new accounts this defaults to the All group.
+	IPv6EnabledGroups []string `gorm:"serializer:json"`
+
+	// MetricsPushEnabled globally enables or disables client metrics push for the account
+	MetricsPushEnabled bool `gorm:"default:false"`
+
+	// AgentNetworkOnly limits the dashboard to the Agent Network surface for this account.
+	// Set for accounts created via netbird.ai signups; users can disable it later.
+	AgentNetworkOnly bool `gorm:"default:false"`
+
+	// DashboardFeatures holds per-account dashboard section visibility overrides.
+	// It serializes to a single JSON column so new sections can be added without
+	// a schema change.
+	DashboardFeatures *DashboardFeatures `gorm:"serializer:json"`
+
 	// EmbeddedIdpEnabled indicates if the embedded identity provider is enabled.
 	// This is a runtime-only field, not stored in the database.
 	EmbeddedIdpEnabled bool `gorm:"-"`
@@ -72,6 +92,10 @@ type Settings struct {
 	// LocalAuthDisabled indicates if local (email/password) authentication is disabled.
 	// This is a runtime-only field, not stored in the database.
 	LocalAuthDisabled bool `gorm:"-"`
+
+	// LocalMfaEnabled indicates if TOTP MFA is enabled for local users.
+	// Only applicable when the embedded IDP is enabled.
+	LocalMfaEnabled bool
 }
 
 // Copy copies the Settings struct
@@ -94,17 +118,44 @@ func (s *Settings) Copy() *Settings {
 		LazyConnectionEnabled:           s.LazyConnectionEnabled,
 		DNSDomain:                       s.DNSDomain,
 		NetworkRange:                    s.NetworkRange,
+		NetworkRangeV6:                  s.NetworkRangeV6,
 		AutoUpdateVersion:               s.AutoUpdateVersion,
 		AutoUpdateAlways:                s.AutoUpdateAlways,
+		IPv6EnabledGroups:               slices.Clone(s.IPv6EnabledGroups),
+		MetricsPushEnabled:              s.MetricsPushEnabled,
+		AgentNetworkOnly:                s.AgentNetworkOnly,
 		EmbeddedIdpEnabled:              s.EmbeddedIdpEnabled,
 		LocalAuthDisabled:               s.LocalAuthDisabled,
+		LocalMfaEnabled:                 s.LocalMfaEnabled,
 	}
 	if s.Extra != nil {
 		settings.Extra = s.Extra.Copy()
 	}
+	if s.DashboardFeatures != nil {
+		settings.DashboardFeatures = s.DashboardFeatures.Copy()
+	}
 	return settings
 }
 
+// DashboardFeatures holds per-account dashboard section visibility overrides.
+// Nil fields are unset and follow the default dashboard behavior; an explicit
+// value forces that section shown or hidden for the account.
+type DashboardFeatures struct {
+	// AgentNetwork, when set, forces the Agent Network menu shown (true) or
+	// hidden (false) regardless of the deployment feature flag.
+	AgentNetwork *bool `json:"agent_network,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Copy returns a deep copy of the DashboardFeatures struct.
+func (d *DashboardFeatures) Copy() *DashboardFeatures {
+	c := &DashboardFeatures{}
+	if d.AgentNetwork != nil {
+		v := *d.AgentNetwork
+		c.AgentNetwork = &v
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
 type ExtraSettings struct {
 	// PeerApprovalEnabled enables or disables the need for peers bo be approved by an administrator
 	PeerApprovalEnabled bool
diff --git a/management/server/types/update_reason.go b/management/server/types/update_reason.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d752da9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/management/server/types/update_reason.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package types
+
+// UpdateReason describes why an account peers update was triggered.
+type UpdateReason struct {
+	Resource  UpdateResource
+	Operation UpdateOperation
+}
+
+// UpdateResource represents the kind of resource that triggered an account peers update.
+type UpdateResource string
+
+const (
+	UpdateResourceAccountSettings UpdateResource = "account_settings"
+	UpdateResourceDNSSettings     UpdateResource = "dns_settings"
+	UpdateResourceGroup           UpdateResource = "group"
+	UpdateResourceNameServerGroup UpdateResource = "nameserver_group"
+	UpdateResourcePolicy          UpdateResource = "policy"
+	UpdateResourcePostureCheck    UpdateResource = "posture_check"
+	UpdateResourceRoute           UpdateResource = "route"
+	UpdateResourceUser            UpdateResource = "user"
+	UpdateResourcePeer            UpdateResource = "peer"
+	UpdateResourceNetwork         UpdateResource = "network"
+	UpdateResourceNetworkResource UpdateResource = "network_resource"
+	UpdateResourceNetworkRouter   UpdateResource = "network_router"
+	UpdateResourceService         UpdateResource = "service"
+	UpdateResourceZone            UpdateResource = "zone"
+	UpdateResourceZoneRecord      UpdateResource = "zone_record"
+)
+
+// UpdateOperation represents the kind of change that triggered the update.
+type UpdateOperation string
+
+const (
+	UpdateOperationCreate UpdateOperation = "create"
+	UpdateOperationUpdate UpdateOperation = "update"
+	UpdateOperationDelete UpdateOperation = "delete"
+)
diff --git a/management/server/types/user.go b/management/server/types/user.go
index dc601e15b..02358ebc2 100644
--- a/management/server/types/user.go
+++ b/management/server/types/user.go
@@ -6,18 +6,20 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integration_reference"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/integration_reference"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/crypt"
 )
 
 const (
-	UserRoleOwner        UserRole = "owner"
-	UserRoleAdmin        UserRole = "admin"
-	UserRoleUser         UserRole = "user"
-	UserRoleUnknown      UserRole = "unknown"
-	UserRoleBillingAdmin UserRole = "billing_admin"
-	UserRoleAuditor      UserRole = "auditor"
-	UserRoleNetworkAdmin UserRole = "network_admin"
+	UserRoleOwner             UserRole = "owner"
+	UserRoleAdmin             UserRole = "admin"
+	UserRoleUser              UserRole = "user"
+	UserRoleUnknown           UserRole = "unknown"
+	UserRoleBillingAdmin      UserRole = "billing_admin"
+	UserRoleAuditor           UserRole = "auditor"
+	UserRoleNetworkAdmin      UserRole = "network_admin"
+	UserRoleAgentNetworkAdmin UserRole = "agent_network_admin"
+	UserRoleUsageViewer       UserRole = "usage_viewer"
 
 	UserStatusActive   UserStatus = "active"
 	UserStatusDisabled UserStatus = "disabled"
@@ -42,6 +44,10 @@ func StrRoleToUserRole(strRole string) UserRole {
 		return UserRoleAuditor
 	case "network_admin":
 		return UserRoleNetworkAdmin
+	case "agent_network_admin":
+		return UserRoleAgentNetworkAdmin
+	case "usage_viewer":
+		return UserRoleUsageViewer
 	default:
 		return UserRoleUnknown
 	}
@@ -140,7 +146,7 @@ func (u *User) IsRegularUser() bool {
 
 // IsRestrictable checks whether a user is in a restrictable role.
 func (u *User) IsRestrictable() bool {
-	return u.Role == UserRoleUser || u.Role == UserRoleBillingAdmin
+	return u.Role == UserRoleUser || u.Role == UserRoleBillingAdmin || u.Role == UserRoleUsageViewer
 }
 
 // ToUserInfo converts a User object to a UserInfo object.
diff --git a/management/server/types/user_invite_test.go b/management/server/types/user_invite_test.go
index 09dae3800..c77fb89e2 100644
--- a/management/server/types/user_invite_test.go
+++ b/management/server/types/user_invite_test.go
@@ -144,8 +144,11 @@ func TestValidateInviteToken_ModifiedToken(t *testing.T) {
 	_, plainToken, err := GenerateInviteToken()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	// Modify one character in the secret part
-	modifiedToken := plainToken[:5] + "X" + plainToken[6:]
+	replacement := "X"
+	if plainToken[5] == 'X' {
+		replacement = "Y"
+	}
+	modifiedToken := plainToken[:5] + replacement + plainToken[6:]
 	err = ValidateInviteToken(modifiedToken)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 }
diff --git a/management/server/user.go b/management/server/user.go
index c971b699e..475a65183 100644
--- a/management/server/user.go
+++ b/management/server/user.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"slices"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"unicode"
@@ -15,7 +16,9 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/idp/dex"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/account"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/affectedpeers"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
 	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
@@ -374,8 +377,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) CreatePAT(ctx context.Context, accountID string
 		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "token name can't be empty")
 	}
 
-	if expiresIn < 1 || expiresIn > 365 {
-		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "expiration has to be between 1 and 365")
+	if expiresIn < account.PATMinExpireDays || expiresIn > account.PATMaxExpireDays {
+		return nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "expiration has to be between %d and %d", account.PATMinExpireDays, account.PATMaxExpireDays)
 	}
 
 	initiatorUser, err := am.Store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, initiatorUserID)
@@ -526,7 +529,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveOrAddUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	var updateAccountPeers bool
+	var snaps []*affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var changes []affectedpeers.Change
 	var peersToExpire []*nbpeer.Peer
 	var addUserEvents []func()
 	var usersToSave = make([]*types.User, 0, len(updates))
@@ -548,6 +552,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveOrAddUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		initiatorUser = result
+		if role, ok := nbcontext.RoleFromContext(ctx); ok {
+			initiatorUser.Role = types.UserRole(role)
+		}
 	}
 
 	var globalErr error
@@ -557,20 +564,25 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveOrAddUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 		}
 
 		err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
-			_, updatedUser, userPeersToExpire, userEvents, err := am.processUserUpdate(
+			change, updatedUser, userPeersToExpire, userEvents, err := am.processUserUpdate(
 				ctx, transaction, groupsMap, accountID, initiatorUserID, initiatorUser, update, addIfNotExists, settings,
 			)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to process update for user %s: %w", update.Id, err)
 			}
 
-			updateAccountPeers = true
-
 			err = transaction.SaveUser(ctx, updatedUser)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to save updated user %s: %w", update.Id, err)
 			}
 
+			snap, err := affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			snaps = append(snaps, snap)
+			changes = append(changes, change)
 			usersToSave = append(usersToSave, updatedUser)
 			addUserEvents = append(addUserEvents, userEvents...)
 			peersToExpire = append(peersToExpire, userPeersToExpire...)
@@ -607,15 +619,15 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) SaveOrAddUsers(ctx context.Context, accountID,
 	}
 
 	if len(peersToExpire) > 0 {
-		if err := am.expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx, accountID, peersToExpire); err != nil {
+		if err := am.expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx, accountID, peersToExpire, peerExpirationUserBlocked); err != nil {
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed update expired peers: %s", err)
 			return nil, err
 		}
-	} else if updateAccountPeers {
+	} else if len(usersToSave) > 0 {
 		if err = am.Store.IncrementNetworkSerial(ctx, accountID); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to increment network serial: %w", err)
 		}
-		am.UpdateAccountPeers(ctx, accountID)
+		go am.dispatchAffected(ctx, accountID, snaps, changes)
 	}
 
 	return updatedUsersInfo, globalErr
@@ -687,32 +699,21 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) prepareUserUpdateEvents(ctx context.Context, ac
 }
 
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) processUserUpdate(ctx context.Context, transaction store.Store, groupsMap map[string]*types.Group,
-	accountID, initiatorUserId string, initiatorUser, update *types.User, addIfNotExists bool, settings *types.Settings) (bool, *types.User, []*nbpeer.Peer, []func(), error) {
+	accountID, initiatorUserId string, initiatorUser, update *types.User, addIfNotExists bool, settings *types.Settings) (affectedpeers.Change, *types.User, []*nbpeer.Peer, []func(), error) {
+
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 
 	if update == nil {
-		return false, nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "provided user update is nil")
-	}
-
-	if initiatorUserId != activity.SystemInitiator {
-		freshInitiator, err := transaction.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, initiatorUserId)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to re-read initiator user in transaction: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		// Ensure the initiator still has admin privileges
-		if initiatorUser.HasAdminPower() && !freshInitiator.HasAdminPower() {
-			return false, nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "initiator role was changed during request processing")
-		}
-		initiatorUser = freshInitiator
+		return change, nil, nil, nil, status.Errorf(status.InvalidArgument, "provided user update is nil")
 	}
 
 	oldUser, isNewUser, err := getUserOrCreateIfNotExists(ctx, transaction, accountID, update, addIfNotExists)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, nil, nil, nil, err
+		return change, nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	if err := validateUserUpdate(groupsMap, initiatorUser, oldUser, update); err != nil {
-		return false, nil, nil, nil, err
+		return change, nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	// only auto groups, revoked status, and integration reference can be updated for now
@@ -733,13 +734,13 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) processUserUpdate(ctx context.Context, transact
 	var transferredOwnerRole bool
 	result, err := handleOwnerRoleTransfer(ctx, transaction, initiatorUser, update)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, nil, nil, nil, err
+		return change, nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
 	transferredOwnerRole = result
 
 	userPeers, err := transaction.GetUserPeers(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, updatedUser.AccountID, update.Id)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, nil, nil, nil, err
+		return change, nil, nil, nil, err
 	}
 
 	var peersToExpire []*nbpeer.Peer
@@ -748,6 +749,32 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) processUserUpdate(ctx context.Context, transact
 		peersToExpire = userPeers
 	}
 
+	// A user reaches a peer's network map only through the SSH rules: as part of a
+	// group -> user mapping, and as part of the account's allowed-user set. Creating,
+	// blocking or unblocking a user adds it to or removes it from both, so every group
+	// it maps into changes — including the All group that holds every active user.
+	// Otherwise only the auto-groups it joined or left do.
+	if isNewUser || oldUser.IsBlocked() != updatedUser.IsBlocked() {
+		change.AllowedUsersChanged = true
+		change.UserGroupIDs = slices.Concat(oldUser.AutoGroups, updatedUser.AutoGroups, allGroupIDs(groupsMap))
+	} else {
+		change.UserGroupIDs = slices.Concat(
+			util.Difference(oldUser.AutoGroups, updatedUser.AutoGroups),
+			util.Difference(updatedUser.AutoGroups, oldUser.AutoGroups),
+		)
+	}
+
+	// The user's peers are the changed entity in every scenario the update can
+	// produce — group membership, IPv6 assignment, SSH mappings — so they refresh
+	// together with every peer they can connect to, like on a regular peer update.
+	// An update that changes neither the auto-groups nor the active-user set has no
+	// peer-visible effect and refreshes nobody.
+	if len(change.UserGroupIDs) > 0 || change.AllowedUsersChanged {
+		for _, peer := range userPeers {
+			change.ChangedPeerIDs = append(change.ChangedPeerIDs, peer.ID)
+		}
+	}
+
 	var removedGroups, addedGroups []string
 	if update.AutoGroups != nil && settings.GroupsPropagationEnabled {
 		removedGroups = util.Difference(oldUser.AutoGroups, update.AutoGroups)
@@ -755,21 +782,38 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) processUserUpdate(ctx context.Context, transact
 		for _, peer := range userPeers {
 			for _, groupID := range removedGroups {
 				if err := transaction.RemovePeerFromGroup(ctx, peer.ID, groupID); err != nil {
-					return false, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove peer %s from group %s: %w", peer.ID, groupID, err)
+					return change, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to remove peer %s from group %s: %w", peer.ID, groupID, err)
 				}
 			}
 			for _, groupID := range addedGroups {
 				if err := transaction.AddPeerToGroup(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, groupID); err != nil {
-					return false, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to add peer %s to group %s: %w", peer.ID, groupID, err)
+					return change, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to add peer %s to group %s: %w", peer.ID, groupID, err)
 				}
 			}
 		}
+
+		allGroupChanges := slices.Concat(removedGroups, addedGroups)
+		change.LinkGroups = allGroupChanges
+
+		if err := am.reconcileIPv6ForGroupChanges(ctx, transaction, accountID, allGroupChanges); err != nil {
+			return change, nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("reconcile IPv6 for group changes: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 
-	updateAccountPeers := len(userPeers) > 0
 	userEventsToAdd := am.prepareUserUpdateEvents(ctx, updatedUser.AccountID, initiatorUserId, oldUser, updatedUser, transferredOwnerRole, isNewUser, removedGroups, addedGroups, transaction)
 
-	return updateAccountPeers, updatedUser, peersToExpire, userEventsToAdd, nil
+	return change, updatedUser, peersToExpire, userEventsToAdd, nil
+}
+
+// allGroupIDs returns the ID of the account's All group, which every active user maps
+// into, as a slice so callers can concatenate it.
+func allGroupIDs(groupsMap map[string]*types.Group) []string {
+	for _, group := range groupsMap {
+		if group.IsGroupAll() {
+			return []string{group.ID}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // getUserOrCreateIfNotExists retrieves the existing user or creates a new one if it doesn't exist.
@@ -839,19 +883,23 @@ func validateUserUpdate(groupsMap map[string]*types.Group, initiatorUser, oldUse
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	if !initiatorUser.HasAdminPower() {
+		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "only admins and owners can update users")
+	}
+
 	if initiatorUser.HasAdminPower() && initiatorUser.Id == update.Id && oldUser.Blocked != update.Blocked {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "admins can't block or unblock themselves")
 	}
 	if initiatorUser.HasAdminPower() && initiatorUser.Id == update.Id && update.Role != initiatorUser.Role {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "admins can't change their role")
 	}
-	if initiatorUser.Role == types.UserRoleAdmin && oldUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role != oldUser.Role {
+	if initiatorUser.Role != types.UserRoleOwner && oldUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role != oldUser.Role {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "only owners can remove owner role from their user")
 	}
-	if initiatorUser.Role == types.UserRoleAdmin && oldUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.IsBlocked() && !oldUser.IsBlocked() {
+	if oldUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.IsBlocked() && !oldUser.IsBlocked() {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "unable to block owner user")
 	}
-	if initiatorUser.Role == types.UserRoleAdmin && update.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role != oldUser.Role {
+	if initiatorUser.Role != types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && update.Role != oldUser.Role {
 		return status.Errorf(status.PermissionDenied, "only owners can add owner role to other users")
 	}
 	if oldUser.IsServiceUser && update.Role == types.UserRoleOwner {
@@ -927,12 +975,9 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) GetUsersFromAccount(ctx context.Context, accoun
 		user = result
 	}
 
-	// Permission checks are now handled by the HTTP middleware via WithPermission wrapper
-	// This internal method is called from authenticated/authorized handlers
 	accountUsers := []*types.User{}
 
-	// Determine if user has full access based on their role
-	hasFullAccess := user.HasAdminPower() || user.IsServiceUser
+	hasFullAccess := initiatorUserID == activity.SystemInitiator || user.HasAdminPower() || user.IsServiceUser
 
 	switch {
 	case hasFullAccess:
@@ -997,8 +1042,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) BuildUserInfosForAccount(ctx context.Context, a
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Got %d users from ExternalCache for account %s", len(usersFromIntegration), accountID)
-		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Got %d users from InternalCache for account %s", len(queriedUsers), accountID)
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("Got %d users from ExternalCache for account %s", len(usersFromIntegration), accountID)
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Tracef("Got %d users from InternalCache for account %s", len(queriedUsers), accountID)
 		queriedUsers = append(queriedUsers, usersFromIntegration...)
 	}
 
@@ -1056,7 +1101,7 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) BuildUserInfosForAccount(ctx context.Context, a
 }
 
 // expireAndUpdatePeers expires all peers of the given user and updates them in the account
-func (am *DefaultAccountManager) expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peers []*nbpeer.Peer) error {
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx context.Context, accountID string, peers []*nbpeer.Peer, reason peerExpirationReason) error {
 	log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("Expiring %d peers for account %s", len(peers), accountID)
 	settings, err := am.Store.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1065,28 +1110,37 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx context.Context, accou
 	dnsDomain := am.networkMapController.GetDNSDomain(settings)
 
 	var peerIDs []string
-	for _, peer := range peers {
+	defer func() {
+		if len(peerIDs) == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		// this will trigger peer disconnect from the management service
+		log.Debugf("Expiring %d peers for account %s", len(peerIDs), accountID)
+		am.networkMapController.DisconnectPeers(ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+	}()
+	for _, candidate := range peers {
 		// nolint:staticcheck
-		ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, nbcontext.PeerIDKey, peer.Key)
+		peerCtx := context.WithValue(ctx, nbcontext.PeerIDKey, candidate.Key)
 
-		if peer.UserID == "" {
+		if candidate.UserID == "" {
 			// we do not want to expire peers that are added via setup key
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if peer.Status.LoginExpired {
+		peer, err := am.expirePeerIfStillDue(peerCtx, accountID, candidate.ID, settings, reason)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if peer == nil {
 			continue
 		}
 		peerIDs = append(peerIDs, peer.ID)
-		peer.MarkLoginExpired(true)
-
-		if err := am.Store.SavePeerStatus(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, *peer.Status); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		meta := peer.EventMeta(dnsDomain)
+		meta["reason"] = string(reason)
 		am.StoreEvent(
-			ctx,
+			peerCtx,
 			peer.UserID, peer.ID, accountID,
-			activity.PeerLoginExpired, peer.EventMeta(dnsDomain),
+			activity.PeerLoginExpired, meta,
 		)
 	}
 
@@ -1096,19 +1150,58 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) expireAndUpdatePeers(ctx context.Context, accou
 		}
 	}
 
-	err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
+	affectedPeerIDs := am.resolveAffectedPeersForPeerChanges(ctx, am.Store, accountID, peerIDs)
+	err = am.networkMapController.OnPeersUpdated(ctx, accountID, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("notify network map controller of peer update: %w", err)
 	}
-
-	if len(peerIDs) != 0 {
-		// this will trigger peer disconnect from the management service
-		log.Debugf("Expiring %d peers for account %s", len(peerIDs), accountID)
-		am.networkMapController.DisconnectPeers(ctx, accountID, peerIDs)
-	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+// expirePeerIfStillDue flags the peer as login-expired and returns its fresh copy, or nil
+// when it no longer qualifies. The candidate list is read without a lock, so a login that
+// landed in between would otherwise be overwritten with a stale expired status.
+func (am *DefaultAccountManager) expirePeerIfStillDue(ctx context.Context, accountID, peerID string, settings *types.Settings, reason peerExpirationReason) (*nbpeer.Peer, error) {
+	var expired *nbpeer.Peer
+	err := am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
+		peer, err := transaction.GetPeerByID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthUpdate, accountID, peerID)
+		if err != nil {
+			if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && s.Type() == status.NotFound {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		if peer.Status.LoginExpired || !peerExpirationDue(peer, settings, reason) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		peer.MarkLoginExpired(true)
+		if err := transaction.SavePeerStatus(ctx, accountID, peer.ID, *peer.Status); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		expired = peer
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return expired, nil
+}
+
+// peerExpirationDue re-evaluates a time-based expiry against the peer's current state.
+// Administrative reasons expire the peer unconditionally.
+func peerExpirationDue(peer *nbpeer.Peer, settings *types.Settings, reason peerExpirationReason) bool {
+	switch reason {
+	case peerExpirationSessionExpired:
+		expired, _ := peer.LoginExpired(settings.PeerLoginExpiration)
+		return settings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled && expired
+	case peerExpirationInactivity:
+		expired, _ := peer.SessionExpired(settings.PeerInactivityExpiration)
+		return settings.PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled && expired
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
 func (am *DefaultAccountManager) deleteUserFromIDP(ctx context.Context, targetUserID, accountID string) error {
 	if am.userDeleteFromIDPEnabled {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Debugf("user %s deleted from IdP", targetUserID)
@@ -1204,6 +1297,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) deleteRegularUser(ctx context.Context, accountI
 	var userPeers []*nbpeer.Peer
 	var targetUser *types.User
 	var settings *types.Settings
+	var snap *affectedpeers.Snapshot
+	var change affectedpeers.Change
 	var err error
 
 	err = am.Store.ExecuteInTransaction(ctx, func(transaction store.Store) error {
@@ -1212,6 +1307,10 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) deleteRegularUser(ctx context.Context, accountI
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get user to delete: %w", err)
 		}
 
+		if targetUser.Role == types.UserRoleOwner && targetUser.Id != initiatorUserID {
+			return status.NewOwnerDeletePermissionError()
+		}
+
 		settings, err = transaction.GetAccountSettings(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, accountID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get account settings: %w", err)
@@ -1224,6 +1323,18 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) deleteRegularUser(ctx context.Context, accountI
 
 		if len(userPeers) > 0 {
 			updateAccountPeers = true
+
+			var peerIDs []string
+			for _, peer := range userPeers {
+				peerIDs = append(peerIDs, peer.ID)
+			}
+			// Load before delete so the snapshot still has the peers' group
+			// memberships; the resolver derives them from the peer IDs during the walk.
+			change = affectedpeers.Change{ChangedPeerIDs: peerIDs}
+			if snap, err = affectedpeers.Load(ctx, transaction, accountID, change); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
 			addPeerRemovedEvents, err = deletePeers(ctx, am, transaction, accountID, targetUserInfo.ID, userPeers, settings)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user peers: %w", err)
@@ -1247,7 +1358,8 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) deleteRegularUser(ctx context.Context, accountI
 			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete peer %s from integrated validator: %v", peer.ID, err)
 		}
 	}
-	if err := am.networkMapController.OnPeersDeleted(ctx, accountID, peerIDs); err != nil {
+	affectedPeerIDs := snap.Expand(ctx, accountID, change)
+	if err := am.networkMapController.OnPeersDeleted(ctx, accountID, peerIDs, affectedPeerIDs); err != nil {
 		log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("failed to delete peers %s from network map: %v", peerIDs, err)
 	}
 
@@ -1711,12 +1823,17 @@ func (am *DefaultAccountManager) DeleteUserInvite(ctx context.Context, accountID
 
 const minPasswordLength = 8
 
-// validatePassword checks password strength requirements:
+// validatePassword checks password strength requirements.
+func validatePassword(password string) error {
+	return ValidatePassword(password)
+}
+
+// ValidatePassword checks password strength requirements:
 // - Minimum 8 characters
 // - At least 1 digit
 // - At least 1 uppercase letter
 // - At least 1 special character
-func validatePassword(password string) error {
+func ValidatePassword(password string) error {
 	if len(password) < minPasswordLength {
 		return errors.New("password must be at least 8 characters long")
 	}
diff --git a/management/server/user_test.go b/management/server/user_test.go
index 4f4fc9fdd..6ec3a7efa 100644
--- a/management/server/user_test.go
+++ b/management/server/user_test.go
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/idp/dex"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/activity"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integration_reference"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/integration_reference"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -848,6 +848,52 @@ func TestUser_DeleteUser_SelfDelete(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestUser_DeleteUser_OtherAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	testStore, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error when creating store: %s", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+
+	account := newAccountWithId(context.Background(), mockAccountID, mockUserID, "", "", "", false)
+	if err = testStore.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error when saving account: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	otherAccount := newAccountWithId(context.Background(), "otherAccount", "otherOwner", "", "", "", false)
+	otherAccount.Users["otherRegularUser"] = &types.User{
+		Id:        "otherRegularUser",
+		AccountID: "otherAccount",
+		Role:      types.UserRoleUser,
+	}
+	otherAccount.Users["otherServiceUser"] = &types.User{
+		Id:              "otherServiceUser",
+		AccountID:       "otherAccount",
+		Role:            types.UserRoleUser,
+		IsServiceUser:   true,
+		ServiceUserName: "otherServiceUser",
+	}
+	if err = testStore.SaveAccount(context.Background(), otherAccount); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error when saving other account: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	am := DefaultAccountManager{
+		Store:              testStore,
+		eventStore:         &activity.InMemoryEventStore{},
+		permissionsManager: permissions.NewManager(testStore),
+	}
+
+	for _, targetUserID := range []string{"otherRegularUser", "otherServiceUser"} {
+		t.Run(targetUserID, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := am.DeleteUser(context.Background(), mockAccountID, mockUserID, targetUserID)
+			assert.Equal(t, status.NewUserNotFoundError(targetUserID), err)
+
+			_, err = testStore.GetUserByUserID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, targetUserID)
+			assert.NoError(t, err, "user of another account must not be deleted")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestUser_DeleteUser_regularUser(t *testing.T) {
 	store, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -892,7 +938,7 @@ func TestUser_DeleteUser_regularUser(t *testing.T) {
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	networkMapControllerMock := network_map.NewMockController(ctrl)
 	networkMapControllerMock.EXPECT().
-		OnPeersDeleted(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		OnPeersDeleted(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
 		Return(nil)
 
 	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(store)
@@ -942,6 +988,49 @@ func TestUser_DeleteUser_regularUser(t *testing.T) {
 
 }
 
+func TestUser_deleteRegularUser_RejectsOwner(t *testing.T) {
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+
+	account := newAccountWithId(context.Background(), mockAccountID, mockUserID, "", "", "", false)
+	account.Users[mockTargetUserId] = &types.User{
+		Id:     mockTargetUserId,
+		Issued: types.UserIssuedAPI,
+		Role:   types.UserRoleOwner,
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account))
+
+	am := DefaultAccountManager{Store: s}
+
+	_, err = am.deleteRegularUser(context.Background(), mockAccountID, mockUserID, &types.UserInfo{ID: mockTargetUserId})
+	assert.EqualError(t, err, status.NewOwnerDeletePermissionError().Error())
+}
+
+func TestUser_deleteRegularUser_InitiatorOwnerDeletesThemself(t *testing.T) {
+	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+
+	account := newAccountWithId(context.Background(), mockAccountID, mockUserID, "", "", "", false)
+	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account))
+
+	networkMapControllerMock := network_map.NewMockController(gomock.NewController(t))
+	networkMapControllerMock.EXPECT().OnPeersDeleted(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+
+	am := DefaultAccountManager{
+		Store:                s,
+		eventStore:           &activity.InMemoryEventStore{},
+		networkMapController: networkMapControllerMock,
+	}
+
+	_, err = am.deleteRegularUser(context.Background(), mockAccountID, mockUserID, &types.UserInfo{ID: mockUserID})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = s.GetUserByUserID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, mockUserID)
+	assert.Equal(t, status.NewUserNotFoundError(mockUserID), err)
+}
+
 func TestUser_DeleteUser_RegularUsers(t *testing.T) {
 	store, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1008,7 +1097,7 @@ func TestUser_DeleteUser_RegularUsers(t *testing.T) {
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	networkMapControllerMock := network_map.NewMockController(ctrl)
 	networkMapControllerMock.EXPECT().
-		OnPeersDeleted(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		OnPeersDeleted(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
 		Return(nil).
 		AnyTimes()
 
@@ -1578,11 +1667,14 @@ func TestUserAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	// drain any buffered updates from previous subtests
+	drainPeerUpdates(updMsg)
+
 	// deleting user with no linked peers should not update account peers and not send peer update
 	t.Run("deleting user with no linked peers", func(t *testing.T) {
 		done := make(chan struct{})
 		go func() {
-			peerShouldReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
+			peerShouldNotReceiveUpdate(t, updMsg)
 			close(done)
 		}()
 
@@ -1609,7 +1701,7 @@ func TestUserAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	expectedPeerKey := key.PublicKey().String()
-	peer4, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser2", &nbpeer.Peer{
+	peer4, _, _, _, err := manager.AddPeer(context.Background(), "", "", "regularUser2", &nbpeer.Peer{
 		Key:  expectedPeerKey,
 		Meta: nbpeer.PeerSystemMeta{Hostname: expectedPeerKey},
 	}, false)
@@ -1633,7 +1725,7 @@ func TestUserAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -1656,7 +1748,7 @@ func TestUserAccountPeersUpdate(t *testing.T) {
 
 		select {
 		case <-done:
-		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		case <-time.After(peerUpdateTimeout):
 			t.Error("timeout waiting for peerShouldReceiveUpdate")
 		}
 	})
@@ -2037,7 +2129,7 @@ func TestUser_Operations_WithEmbeddedIDP(t *testing.T) {
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	networkMapControllerMock := network_map.NewMockController(ctrl)
 	networkMapControllerMock.EXPECT().
-		OnPeersDeleted(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
+		OnPeersDeleted(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).
 		Return(nil).
 		AnyTimes()
 
@@ -2144,66 +2236,3 @@ func TestUser_Operations_WithEmbeddedIDP(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Logf("Duplicate email error: %v", err)
 	})
 }
-
-func TestProcessUserUpdate_RejectsStaleInitiatorRole(t *testing.T) {
-	s, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
-
-	account := newAccountWithId(context.Background(), "account1", "owner1", "", "", "", false)
-
-	adminID := "admin1"
-	account.Users[adminID] = types.NewAdminUser(adminID)
-
-	targetID := "target1"
-	account.Users[targetID] = types.NewRegularUser(targetID, "", "")
-
-	require.NoError(t, s.SaveAccount(context.Background(), account))
-
-	demotedAdmin, err := s.GetUserByUserID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, adminID)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	demotedAdmin.Role = types.UserRoleUser
-	require.NoError(t, s.SaveUser(context.Background(), demotedAdmin))
-
-	staleInitiator := &types.User{
-		Id:        adminID,
-		AccountID: account.Id,
-		Role:      types.UserRoleAdmin,
-	}
-
-	permissionsManager := permissions.NewManager(s)
-	am := DefaultAccountManager{
-		Store:              s,
-		eventStore:         &activity.InMemoryEventStore{},
-		permissionsManager: permissionsManager,
-	}
-
-	settings, err := s.GetAccountSettings(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	groups, err := s.GetAccountGroups(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, account.Id)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	groupsMap := make(map[string]*types.Group, len(groups))
-	for _, g := range groups {
-		groupsMap[g.ID] = g
-	}
-
-	update := &types.User{
-		Id:   targetID,
-		Role: types.UserRoleAdmin,
-	}
-
-	err = s.ExecuteInTransaction(context.Background(), func(tx store.Store) error {
-		_, _, _, _, txErr := am.processUserUpdate(
-			context.Background(), tx, groupsMap, account.Id, adminID, staleInitiator, update, false, settings,
-		)
-		return txErr
-	})
-
-	require.Error(t, err, "processUserUpdate should reject stale initiator whose role was demoted")
-	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "initiator role was changed during request processing")
-
-	targetUser, err := s.GetUserByUserID(context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, targetID)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, types.UserRoleUser, targetUser.Role)
-}
diff --git a/management/server/users/manager.go b/management/server/users/manager.go
index e07f28706..1a05b1a7c 100644
--- a/management/server/users/manager.go
+++ b/management/server/users/manager.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 type Manager interface {
 	GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, error)
+	GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error)
 }
 
 type managerImpl struct {
@@ -29,6 +30,31 @@ func (m *managerImpl) GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User,
 	return m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
 }
 
+// GetUserWithGroups returns the user and the *types.Group records for the user's AutoGroups, in the same order as
+// AutoGroups. Group ids that don't resolve to a stored group are skipped from the returned slice (the parallel id list is
+// derivable from the returned User). Wraps two store calls today; can be optimised to a single JOIN later if needed.
+// Any store error returns (nil, nil, err) so callers never receive a valid user alongside a non-nil error.
+func (m *managerImpl) GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error) {
+	user, err := m.store.GetUserByUserID(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	if len(user.AutoGroups) == 0 {
+		return user, nil, nil
+	}
+	groupsMap, err := m.store.GetGroupsByIDs(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, user.AccountID, user.AutoGroups)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	groups := make([]*types.Group, 0, len(user.AutoGroups))
+	for _, id := range user.AutoGroups {
+		if g, ok := groupsMap[id]; ok && g != nil {
+			groups = append(groups, g)
+		}
+	}
+	return user, groups, nil
+}
+
 func NewManagerMock() Manager {
 	return &managerMock{}
 }
@@ -47,3 +73,11 @@ func (m *managerMock) GetUser(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User,
 		return nil, errors.New("user not found")
 	}
 }
+
+func (m *managerMock) GetUserWithGroups(ctx context.Context, userID string) (*types.User, []*types.Group, error) {
+	user, err := m.GetUser(ctx, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return user, nil, nil
+}
diff --git a/management/server/util/util.go b/management/server/util/util.go
index 617484274..38cd3de58 100644
--- a/management/server/util/util.go
+++ b/management/server/util/util.go
@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
 package util
 
+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"math/big"
+)
+
+// RandIntn returns a uniformly distributed int in [0, n) sourced from
+// crypto/rand. It panics if n <= 0 or the platform randomness source fails.
+func RandIntn(n int) int {
+	v, err := rand.Int(rand.Reader, big.NewInt(int64(n)))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return int(v.Int64())
+}
+
 // Difference returns the elements in `a` that aren't in `b`.
 func Difference(a, b []string) []string {
 	mb := make(map[string]struct{}, len(b))
@@ -19,34 +34,3 @@ func Difference(a, b []string) []string {
 func ToPtr[T any](value T) *T {
 	return &value
 }
-
-type comparableObject[T any] interface {
-	Equal(other T) bool
-}
-
-func MergeUnique[T comparableObject[T]](arr1, arr2 []T) []T {
-	var result []T
-
-	for _, item := range arr1 {
-		if !contains(result, item) {
-			result = append(result, item)
-		}
-	}
-
-	for _, item := range arr2 {
-		if !contains(result, item) {
-			result = append(result, item)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
-
-func contains[T comparableObject[T]](slice []T, element T) bool {
-	for _, item := range slice {
-		if item.Equal(element) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
diff --git a/management/server/util/util_test.go b/management/server/util/util_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c928b369..000000000
--- a/management/server/util/util_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package util
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-type testObject struct {
-	value int
-}
-
-func (t testObject) Equal(other testObject) bool {
-	return t.value == other.value
-}
-
-func Test_MergeUniqueArraysWithoutDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
-	arr1 := []testObject{{value: 1}, {value: 2}}
-	arr2 := []testObject{{value: 2}, {value: 3}}
-	result := MergeUnique(arr1, arr2)
-	assert.Len(t, result, 3)
-	assert.Contains(t, result, testObject{value: 1})
-	assert.Contains(t, result, testObject{value: 2})
-	assert.Contains(t, result, testObject{value: 3})
-}
-
-func Test_MergeUniqueHandlesEmptyArrays(t *testing.T) {
-	arr1 := []testObject{}
-	arr2 := []testObject{}
-	result := MergeUnique(arr1, arr2)
-	assert.Empty(t, result)
-}
-
-func Test_MergeUniqueHandlesOneEmptyArray(t *testing.T) {
-	arr1 := []testObject{{value: 1}, {value: 2}}
-	arr2 := []testObject{}
-	result := MergeUnique(arr1, arr2)
-	assert.Len(t, result, 2)
-	assert.Contains(t, result, testObject{value: 1})
-	assert.Contains(t, result, testObject{value: 2})
-}
diff --git a/proxy/Dockerfile b/proxy/Dockerfile
index e64680fd6..5944d944e 100644
--- a/proxy/Dockerfile
+++ b/proxy/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.25-alpine AS builder
+FROM golang:1.26.7-alpine AS builder
 WORKDIR /app
 
 RUN echo "netbird:x:1000:1000:netbird:/var/lib/netbird:/sbin/nologin" > /tmp/passwd && \
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ RUN echo "netbird:x:1000:1000:netbird:/var/lib/netbird:/sbin/nologin" > /tmp/pas
     mkdir -p /tmp/certs
 
 FROM gcr.io/distroless/base:debug
-COPY netbird-proxy /go/bin/netbird-proxy
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+COPY ${TARGETPLATFORM}/netbird-proxy /go/bin/netbird-proxy
 COPY --from=builder /tmp/passwd /etc/passwd
 COPY --from=builder /tmp/group /etc/group
 COPY --from=builder --chown=1000:1000 /tmp/var/lib/netbird /var/lib/netbird
diff --git a/proxy/Dockerfile.multistage b/proxy/Dockerfile.multistage
index 01e342c0e..d1db32296 100644
--- a/proxy/Dockerfile.multistage
+++ b/proxy/Dockerfile.multistage
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.25-alpine AS builder
+FROM golang:1.26.7-alpine AS builder
 WORKDIR /app
 
 COPY go.mod go.sum ./
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ COPY encryption ./encryption
 COPY flow ./flow
 COPY formatter ./formatter
 COPY monotime ./monotime
+COPY management ./management
 COPY proxy ./proxy
 COPY route ./route
 COPY shared ./shared
 COPY sharedsock ./sharedsock
+COPY trustedproxy ./trustedproxy
 COPY upload-server ./upload-server
 COPY util ./util
 COPY version ./version
diff --git a/proxy/auth/auth.go b/proxy/auth/auth.go
index ca9c260b7..5512bf003 100644
--- a/proxy/auth/auth.go
+++ b/proxy/auth/auth.go
@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ const (
 	SessionJWTIssuer     = "netbird-management"
 )
 
+// HeaderUserID is the synthetic user id recorded for header-authenticated
+// requests. Header auth validates a per-service secret and resolves no user
+// record, so proxy access logs and management-minted session tokens both
+// attribute the request to this id.
+const HeaderUserID = "header-user"
+
 // ResolveProto determines the protocol scheme based on the forwarded proto
 // configuration. When set to "http" or "https" the value is used directly.
 // Otherwise TLS state is used: if conn is non-nil "https" is returned, else "http".
@@ -45,10 +51,14 @@ func ResolveProto(forwardedProto string, conn *tls.ConnectionState) string {
 	}
 }
 
-// ValidateSessionJWT validates a session JWT and returns the user ID and method.
-func ValidateSessionJWT(tokenString, domain string, publicKey ed25519.PublicKey) (userID, method string, err error) {
+// ValidateSessionJWT validates a session JWT and returns the user ID, the
+// user's email (when carried), the authentication method, any embedded
+// group memberships, and the parallel group display names. email,
+// groups, and groupNames may be empty for tokens minted before those
+// claims were introduced. groupNames pairs positionally with groups.
+func ValidateSessionJWT(tokenString, domain string, publicKey ed25519.PublicKey) (userID, email, method string, groups, groupNames []string, err error) {
 	if publicKey == nil {
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("no public key configured for domain")
+		return "", "", "", nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no public key configured for domain")
 	}
 
 	token, err := jwt.Parse(tokenString, func(t *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
@@ -58,20 +68,46 @@ func ValidateSessionJWT(tokenString, domain string, publicKey ed25519.PublicKey)
 		return publicKey, nil
 	}, jwt.WithAudience(domain), jwt.WithIssuer(SessionJWTIssuer))
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("parse token: %w", err)
+		return "", "", "", nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("parse token: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	claims, ok := token.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims)
 	if !ok || !token.Valid {
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid token claims")
+		return "", "", "", nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid token claims")
 	}
 
 	sub, _ := claims.GetSubject()
 	if sub == "" {
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("missing subject claim")
+		return "", "", "", nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("missing subject claim")
 	}
 
 	methodClaim, _ := claims["method"].(string)
+	emailClaim, _ := claims["email"].(string)
+	groups = extractGroupsClaim(claims["groups"])
+	groupNames = extractGroupsClaim(claims["group_names"])
 
-	return sub, methodClaim, nil
+	return sub, emailClaim, methodClaim, groups, groupNames, nil
+}
+
+// extractGroupsClaim decodes the "groups" claim into a string slice. The JWT
+// library decodes JSON arrays as []interface{}, so we coerce element-wise
+// and skip non-string entries silently.
+func extractGroupsClaim(claim interface{}) []string {
+	raw, ok := claim.([]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	groups := make([]string, 0, len(raw))
+	for _, v := range raw {
+		if s, ok := v.(string); ok && s != "" {
+			groups = append(groups, s)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(groups) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return groups
 }
diff --git a/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/debug.go b/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/debug.go
index 59f7a6b65..360c7a516 100644
--- a/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/debug.go
+++ b/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/debug.go
@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 
@@ -57,7 +63,11 @@ var debugSyncCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	SilenceUsage: true,
 }
 
-var pingTimeout string
+var (
+	pingTimeout time.Duration
+	pingIPv4    bool
+	pingIPv6    bool
+)
 
 var debugPingCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:          "ping <account-id> <host> [port]",
@@ -99,6 +109,43 @@ var debugStopCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	SilenceUsage: true,
 }
 
+var debugPerfCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:          "perf <pool-cap>",
+	Short:        "Live-retune the tunnel buffer pool cap on all running clients",
+	Args:         cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+	RunE:         runDebugPerfSet,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+}
+
+var debugRuntimeCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:          "runtime",
+	Short:        "Show runtime stats (heap, goroutines, RSS)",
+	Args:         cobra.NoArgs,
+	RunE:         runDebugRuntime,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+}
+
+var debugCaptureCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "capture <account-id> [filter expression]",
+	Short: "Capture packets on a client's WireGuard interface",
+	Long: `Captures decrypted packets flowing through a client's WireGuard interface.
+
+Default output is human-readable text. Use --pcap or --output for pcap binary.
+Filter arguments after the account ID use BPF-like syntax.
+
+Examples:
+  netbird-proxy debug capture <account-id>
+  netbird-proxy debug capture <account-id> --duration 1m host 10.0.0.1
+  netbird-proxy debug capture <account-id> host 10.0.0.1 and tcp port 443
+  netbird-proxy debug capture <account-id> not port 22
+  netbird-proxy debug capture <account-id> -o capture.pcap
+  netbird-proxy debug capture <account-id> --pcap | tcpdump -r - -n
+  netbird-proxy debug capture <account-id> --pcap | tshark -r -`,
+	Args:         cobra.MinimumNArgs(1),
+	RunE:         runDebugCapture,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+}
+
 func init() {
 	debugCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&debugAddr, "addr", envStringOrDefault("NB_PROXY_DEBUG_ADDRESS", "localhost:8444"), "Debug endpoint address")
 	debugCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&jsonOutput, "json", false, "Output JSON instead of pretty format")
@@ -108,7 +155,16 @@ func init() {
 	debugStatusCmd.Flags().StringVar(&statusFilterByStatus, "filter-by-status", "", "Filter by status (idle|connecting|connected)")
 	debugStatusCmd.Flags().StringVar(&statusFilterByConnectionType, "filter-by-connection-type", "", "Filter by connection type (P2P|Relayed)")
 
-	debugPingCmd.Flags().StringVar(&pingTimeout, "timeout", "", "Ping timeout (e.g., 10s)")
+	debugPingCmd.Flags().DurationVar(&pingTimeout, "timeout", 0, "Ping timeout (e.g., 10s)")
+	debugPingCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&pingIPv4, "ipv4", "4", false, "Force IPv4")
+	debugPingCmd.Flags().BoolVarP(&pingIPv6, "ipv6", "6", false, "Force IPv6")
+	debugPingCmd.MarkFlagsMutuallyExclusive("ipv4", "ipv6")
+
+	debugCaptureCmd.Flags().DurationP("duration", "d", 0, "Capture duration (0 = server default)")
+	debugCaptureCmd.Flags().Bool("pcap", false, "Force pcap binary output (default when --output is set)")
+	debugCaptureCmd.Flags().BoolP("verbose", "v", false, "Show seq/ack, TTL, window, total length (text mode)")
+	debugCaptureCmd.Flags().Bool("ascii", false, "Print payload as ASCII after each packet (text mode)")
+	debugCaptureCmd.Flags().StringP("output", "o", "", "Write pcap to file instead of stdout")
 
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugHealthCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugClientsCmd)
@@ -119,6 +175,9 @@ func init() {
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugLogCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugStartCmd)
 	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugStopCmd)
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugPerfCmd)
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugRuntimeCmd)
+	debugCmd.AddCommand(debugCaptureCmd)
 
 	rootCmd.AddCommand(debugCmd)
 }
@@ -157,7 +216,14 @@ func runDebugPing(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		}
 		port = p
 	}
-	return getDebugClient(cmd).PingTCP(cmd.Context(), args[0], args[1], port, pingTimeout)
+	var ipVersion string
+	switch {
+	case pingIPv4:
+		ipVersion = "4"
+	case pingIPv6:
+		ipVersion = "6"
+	}
+	return getDebugClient(cmd).PingTCP(cmd.Context(), args[0], args[1], port, pingTimeout, ipVersion)
 }
 
 func runDebugLogLevel(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
@@ -171,3 +237,96 @@ func runDebugStart(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 func runDebugStop(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return getDebugClient(cmd).StopClient(cmd.Context(), args[0])
 }
+
+func runDebugPerfSet(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	n, err := strconv.ParseUint(args[0], 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid value %q: %w", args[0], err)
+	}
+	return getDebugClient(cmd).PerfSet(cmd.Context(), uint32(n))
+}
+
+func runDebugRuntime(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	return getDebugClient(cmd).Runtime(cmd.Context())
+}
+
+func runDebugCapture(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+	duration, _ := cmd.Flags().GetDuration("duration")
+	forcePcap, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("pcap")
+	verbose, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("verbose")
+	ascii, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ascii")
+	outPath, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+
+	// Default to text. Use pcap when --pcap is set or --output is given.
+	wantText := !forcePcap && outPath == ""
+
+	var filterExpr string
+	if len(args) > 1 {
+		filterExpr = strings.Join(args[1:], " ")
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := signal.NotifyContext(cmd.Context(), syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	out, cleanup, err := captureOutputWriter(cmd, outPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	if wantText {
+		cmd.PrintErrln("Capturing packets... Press Ctrl+C to stop.")
+	} else {
+		cmd.PrintErrln("Capturing packets (pcap)... Press Ctrl+C to stop.")
+	}
+
+	var durationStr string
+	if duration > 0 {
+		durationStr = duration.String()
+	}
+
+	err = getDebugClient(cmd).Capture(ctx, debug.CaptureOptions{
+		AccountID:  args[0],
+		Duration:   durationStr,
+		FilterExpr: filterExpr,
+		Text:       wantText,
+		Verbose:    verbose,
+		ASCII:      ascii,
+		Output:     out,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cmd.PrintErrln("\nCapture finished.")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// captureOutputWriter returns the writer and cleanup function for capture output.
+func captureOutputWriter(cmd *cobra.Command, outPath string) (out *os.File, cleanup func(), err error) {
+	if outPath != "" {
+		f, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Dir(outPath), filepath.Base(outPath)+".*.tmp")
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("create output file: %w", err)
+		}
+		tmpPath := f.Name()
+		return f, func() {
+			if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+				cmd.PrintErrf("close output file: %v\n", err)
+			}
+			if fi, err := os.Stat(tmpPath); err == nil && fi.Size() > 0 {
+				if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, outPath); err != nil {
+					cmd.PrintErrf("rename output file: %v\n", err)
+				} else {
+					cmd.PrintErrf("Wrote %s\n", outPath)
+				}
+			} else {
+				os.Remove(tmpPath)
+			}
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	return os.Stdout, func() {
+		// no cleanup needed for stdout
+	}, nil
+}
diff --git a/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/root.go b/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/root.go
index ec8980ad9..9b180a5c4 100644
--- a/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/root.go
+++ b/proxy/cmd/proxy/cmd/root.go
@@ -15,11 +15,23 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy"
 	nbacme "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/acme"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
+const (
+	// envPreallocatedBuffers caps the per-tunnel buffer pool. Zero (unset)
+	// keeps the upstream uncapped default.
+	envPreallocatedBuffers = "NB_PROXY_PREALLOCATED_BUFFERS"
+	// envMaxBatchSize overrides the per-tunnel batch size, which controls
+	// how many buffers each receive/TUN worker eagerly allocates. Zero
+	// (unset) keeps the platform default.
+	envMaxBatchSize = "NB_PROXY_MAX_BATCH_SIZE"
+)
+
 const DefaultManagementURL = "https://api.netbird.io:443"
 
 // envProxyToken is the environment variable name for the proxy access token.
@@ -63,6 +75,7 @@ var (
 	preSharedKey          string
 	supportsCustomPorts   bool
 	requireSubdomain      bool
+	private               bool
 	geoDataDir            string
 	crowdsecAPIURL        string
 	crowdsecAPIKey        string
@@ -105,6 +118,8 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.Flags().StringVar(&preSharedKey, "preshared-key", envStringOrDefault("NB_PROXY_PRESHARED_KEY", ""), "Define a pre-shared key for the tunnel between proxy and peers")
 	rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&supportsCustomPorts, "supports-custom-ports", envBoolOrDefault("NB_PROXY_SUPPORTS_CUSTOM_PORTS", true), "Whether the proxy can bind arbitrary ports for UDP/TCP passthrough")
 	rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&requireSubdomain, "require-subdomain", envBoolOrDefault("NB_PROXY_REQUIRE_SUBDOMAIN", false), "Require a subdomain label in front of the cluster domain")
+	rootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&private, "private", envBoolOrDefault("NB_PROXY_PRIVATE", false), "Enable private services accessible with NetBird-Only authentication mode.")
+	_ = rootCmd.Flags().MarkHidden("private")
 	rootCmd.Flags().DurationVar(&maxDialTimeout, "max-dial-timeout", envDurationOrDefault("NB_PROXY_MAX_DIAL_TIMEOUT", 0), "Cap per-service backend dial timeout (0 = no cap)")
 	rootCmd.Flags().DurationVar(&maxSessionIdleTimeout, "max-session-idle-timeout", envDurationOrDefault("NB_PROXY_MAX_SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT", 0), "Cap per-service session idle timeout (0 = no cap)")
 	rootCmd.Flags().StringVar(&geoDataDir, "geo-data-dir", envStringOrDefault("NB_PROXY_GEO_DATA_DIR", "/var/lib/netbird/geolocation"), "Directory for the GeoLite2 MMDB file (auto-downloaded if missing)")
@@ -145,6 +160,45 @@ func runServer(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	logger.Infof("configured log level: %s", level)
 
+	var wgPool, wgBatch uint64
+	var perf embed.Performance
+	if raw := os.Getenv(envPreallocatedBuffers); raw != "" {
+		n, err := strconv.ParseUint(raw, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid %s %q: %w", envPreallocatedBuffers, raw, err)
+		}
+		wgPool = n
+		v := uint32(n)
+		perf.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool = &v
+		logger.Infof("tunnel preallocated buffers per pool: %d", n)
+	}
+	if raw := os.Getenv(envMaxBatchSize); raw != "" {
+		n, err := strconv.ParseUint(raw, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid %s %q: %w", envMaxBatchSize, raw, err)
+		}
+		wgBatch = n
+		v := uint32(n)
+		perf.MaxBatchSize = &v
+		logger.Infof("tunnel max batch size override: %d", n)
+	}
+	if wgPool > 0 {
+		// Each bind recv goroutine (IPv4 + IPv6 + ICE relay) plus
+		// RoutineReadFromTUN eagerly reserves `batch` message buffers for
+		// the lifetime of the Device. A pool cap below that floor blocks
+		// the receive pipeline at startup.
+		batch := wgBatch
+		if batch == 0 {
+			batch = 128
+		}
+		const recvGoroutines = 4
+		floor := batch * recvGoroutines
+		if wgPool < floor {
+			logger.Warnf("%s=%d is below the eager-allocation floor (~%d for batch=%d); startup may deadlock",
+				envPreallocatedBuffers, wgPool, floor, batch)
+		}
+	}
+
 	switch forwardedProto {
 	case "auto", "http", "https":
 	default:
@@ -156,12 +210,16 @@ func runServer(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid domain value %q: %w", proxyDomain, err)
 	}
 
-	parsedTrustedProxies, err := proxy.ParseTrustedProxies(trustedProxies)
+	parsedTrustedProxies, err := trustedproxy.Parse(trustedProxies)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("invalid --trusted-proxies: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	srv := proxy.Server{
+	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
+	defer stop()
+
+	srv := proxy.New(ctx, proxy.Config{
+		ListenAddr:               addr,
 		Logger:                   logger,
 		Version:                  Version,
 		ManagementAddress:        mgmtAddr,
@@ -178,25 +236,25 @@ func runServer(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		ACMEChallengeType:        acmeChallengeType,
 		DebugEndpointEnabled:     debugEndpoint,
 		DebugEndpointAddress:     debugEndpointAddr,
-		HealthAddress:            healthAddr,
+		HealthAddr:               healthAddr,
 		ForwardedProto:           forwardedProto,
 		TrustedProxies:           parsedTrustedProxies,
 		CertLockMethod:           nbacme.CertLockMethod(certLockMethod),
 		WildcardCertDir:          wildcardCertDir,
 		WireguardPort:            wgPort,
+		Performance:              perf,
 		ProxyProtocol:            proxyProtocol,
 		PreSharedKey:             preSharedKey,
 		SupportsCustomPorts:      supportsCustomPorts,
 		RequireSubdomain:         requireSubdomain,
+		Private:                  private,
 		MaxDialTimeout:           maxDialTimeout,
 		MaxSessionIdleTimeout:    maxSessionIdleTimeout,
+		MappingBatchWatchdog:     envDurationOrDefault("NB_PROXY_MAPPING_BATCH_WATCHDOG", 0),
 		GeoDataDir:               geoDataDir,
 		CrowdSecAPIURL:           crowdsecAPIURL,
 		CrowdSecAPIKey:           crowdsecAPIKey,
-	}
-
-	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
-	defer stop()
+	})
 
 	return srv.ListenAndServe(ctx, addr)
 }
diff --git a/proxy/handle_mapping_stream_test.go b/proxy/handle_mapping_stream_test.go
index cb16c0814..67c399e44 100644
--- a/proxy/handle_mapping_stream_test.go
+++ b/proxy/handle_mapping_stream_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"io"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_SyncCompleteFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	syncDone := false
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, syncDone, "initial sync should be marked done when flag is set")
 }
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_NoSyncFlagDoesNotMarkDone(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	syncDone := false
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.False(t, syncDone, "initial sync should not be marked done without flag")
 }
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ func TestHandleMappingStream_NilHealthChecker(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	syncDone := false
-	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone)
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, syncDone, "sync done flag should be set even without health checker")
 }
diff --git a/proxy/inbound.go b/proxy/inbound.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8f93fbe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/inbound.go
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	stdlog "log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/debug"
+	nbtcp "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/tcp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+)
+
+// httpInboundReadHeaderTimeout matches the host-listener read header timeout
+// so per-account http.Servers don't leak idle connections.
+const httpInboundReadHeaderTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
+// httpInboundIdleTimeout caps idle keep-alive on per-account inbound HTTP
+// servers; matches the host listener.
+const httpInboundIdleTimeout = 90 * time.Second
+
+// inboundShutdownTimeout caps how long a per-account http.Server gets to
+// drain in-flight requests during teardown.
+const inboundShutdownTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// privateInboundPortHTTPS is the WG-side TLS port. Each account's
+// embedded netstack binds independently, so a fixed port is fine.
+const privateInboundPortHTTPS = 443
+
+// privateInboundPortHTTP is the WG-side plain-HTTP port.
+const privateInboundPortHTTP = 80
+
+// inboundManager wires per-account inbound listeners into the proxy
+// pipeline when --private is enabled. When disabled the manager
+// is nil and every method on *Server that touches it short-circuits.
+type inboundManager struct {
+	logger    *log.Logger
+	handler   http.Handler
+	tlsConfig *tls.Config
+	// muxLock guards entries and pendingRoutes.
+	muxLock       sync.Mutex
+	entries       map[types.AccountID]*inboundEntry
+	pendingRoutes map[types.AccountID][]pendingInboundRoute
+}
+
+// inboundEntry owns the listeners, router and HTTP servers for a single
+// account's embedded netstack. errorLogWriters retain the logrus pipe
+// writers backing each http.Server's ErrorLog so tearDown can close
+// them — otherwise the pipe + its scanner goroutine leak per account.
+type inboundEntry struct {
+	router          *nbtcp.Router
+	tlsListener     net.Listener
+	plainListener   net.Listener
+	httpsServer     *http.Server
+	httpServer      *http.Server
+	errorLogWriters []*io.PipeWriter
+	cancel          context.CancelFunc
+	wg              sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+// pendingInboundRoute holds a route that arrived before the account's
+// listener finished starting.
+type pendingInboundRoute struct {
+	host  nbtcp.SNIHost
+	route nbtcp.Route
+}
+
+// newInboundManager constructs a manager bound to the proxy's HTTP
+// handler chain and TLS config.
+func newInboundManager(logger *log.Logger, handler http.Handler, tlsConfig *tls.Config) *inboundManager {
+	return &inboundManager{
+		logger:        logger,
+		handler:       handler,
+		tlsConfig:     tlsConfig,
+		entries:       make(map[types.AccountID]*inboundEntry),
+		pendingRoutes: make(map[types.AccountID][]pendingInboundRoute),
+	}
+}
+
+// onClientReady is registered with NetBird.SetClientLifecycle so the
+// listener pair comes up exactly when the embedded client reports ready.
+// The returned value is opaque to the roundtrip package; it is handed
+// back verbatim to onClientStop on teardown.
+func (m *inboundManager) onClientReady(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) any {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	entry, err := m.bringUp(ctx, accountID, client)
+	if err != nil {
+		m.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).WithError(err).Warn("failed to start per-account inbound listener; continuing without inbound")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	m.flushPending(accountID, entry)
+
+	m.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"account_id": accountID,
+		"https":      entry.tlsListener.Addr().String(),
+		"http":       entry.plainListener.Addr().String(),
+	}).Info("per-account inbound listeners up")
+	return entry
+}
+
+// onClientStop tears down a per-account listener bundle. State is the
+// opaque value previously returned by onClientReady.
+func (m *inboundManager) onClientStop(accountID types.AccountID, state any) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	entry, ok := state.(*inboundEntry)
+	if !ok || entry == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.tearDown(accountID, entry)
+}
+
+// bringUp opens both listeners on the account's netstack, builds the
+// router, and starts the parallel HTTP servers.
+func (m *inboundManager) bringUp(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) (*inboundEntry, error) {
+	tlsListener, err := client.ListenTCP(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", privateInboundPortHTTPS))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen tls on netstack: %w", err)
+	}
+	plainListener, err := client.ListenTCP(fmt.Sprintf(":%d", privateInboundPortHTTP))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = tlsListener.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen plain on netstack: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(m.logger, accountDialResolver(accountID, client), tlsListener.Addr(), nbtcp.WithPlainHTTP(plainListener.Addr()))
+
+	scopedHandler := withTunnelLookup(m.handler, accountTunnelLookup(client))
+
+	// markOverlayOrigin stamps every connection accepted by an inbound
+	// listener with a context value middlewares can read to skip
+	// geo/CrowdSec checks (the source address is always inside the
+	// NetBird CGNAT range and won't match either dataset).
+	markOverlayOrigin := func(ctx context.Context, _ net.Conn) context.Context {
+		return types.WithOverlayOrigin(ctx)
+	}
+
+	httpsErrLog, httpsErrW := newInboundErrorLog(m.logger, "https", accountID)
+	httpErrLog, httpErrW := newInboundErrorLog(m.logger, "http", accountID)
+
+	httpsServer := &http.Server{
+		Handler:           scopedHandler,
+		TLSConfig:         m.tlsConfig,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: httpInboundReadHeaderTimeout,
+		IdleTimeout:       httpInboundIdleTimeout,
+		ErrorLog:          httpsErrLog,
+		ConnContext:       markOverlayOrigin,
+	}
+	httpServer := &http.Server{
+		Handler:           scopedHandler,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: httpInboundReadHeaderTimeout,
+		IdleTimeout:       httpInboundIdleTimeout,
+		ErrorLog:          httpErrLog,
+		ConnContext:       markOverlayOrigin,
+	}
+
+	runCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	entry := &inboundEntry{
+		router:          router,
+		tlsListener:     tlsListener,
+		plainListener:   plainListener,
+		httpsServer:     httpsServer,
+		httpServer:      httpServer,
+		errorLogWriters: []*io.PipeWriter{httpsErrW, httpErrW},
+		cancel:          cancel,
+	}
+
+	entry.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer entry.wg.Done()
+		if err := router.Serve(runCtx, tlsListener); err != nil {
+			m.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Debugf("per-account router stopped: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	entry.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer entry.wg.Done()
+		if err := httpsServer.ServeTLS(router.HTTPListener(), "", ""); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+			m.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Debugf("per-account https server stopped: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	entry.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer entry.wg.Done()
+		if err := httpServer.Serve(router.HTTPListenerPlain()); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+			m.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Debugf("per-account http server stopped: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	entry.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer entry.wg.Done()
+		feedRouterFromListener(runCtx, plainListener, router, m.logger, accountID)
+	}()
+
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	m.entries[accountID] = entry
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	return entry, nil
+}
+
+// tearDown shuts every goroutine down and closes the netstack listeners.
+func (m *inboundManager) tearDown(accountID types.AccountID, entry *inboundEntry) {
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	if m.entries[accountID] == entry {
+		delete(m.entries, accountID)
+		delete(m.pendingRoutes, accountID)
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	entry.cancel()
+
+	shutdownCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), inboundShutdownTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if err := entry.httpsServer.Shutdown(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Debugf("per-account https shutdown: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := entry.httpServer.Shutdown(shutdownCtx); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Debugf("per-account http shutdown: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := entry.tlsListener.Close(); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Debugf("close per-account tls listener: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := entry.plainListener.Close(); err != nil {
+		m.logger.Debugf("close per-account plain listener: %v", err)
+	}
+	entry.wg.Wait()
+	// Close the ErrorLog pipes only after the http.Servers have fully
+	// stopped so any straggling stdlib write doesn't race with the
+	// close. Each writer also tears down the logrus scanner goroutine.
+	for _, w := range entry.errorLogWriters {
+		if err := w.Close(); err != nil {
+			m.logger.Debugf("close per-account inbound error log writer: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// AddRoute records an SNI/host route on the account's per-account router.
+// Routes registered before the listener is up are queued and replayed
+// once startup completes.
+func (m *inboundManager) AddRoute(accountID types.AccountID, host nbtcp.SNIHost, route nbtcp.Route) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	entry, ok := m.entries[accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		m.queuePendingLocked(accountID, host, route)
+		m.muxLock.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	router := entry.router
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	router.AddRoute(host, route)
+}
+
+// RemoveRoute drops a previously registered route. Safe to call when the
+// listener is not yet up; queued copies are pruned in that case.
+func (m *inboundManager) RemoveRoute(accountID types.AccountID, host nbtcp.SNIHost, svcID types.ServiceID) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	m.dropPendingLocked(accountID, host, svcID)
+	entry, ok := m.entries[accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		m.muxLock.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	router := entry.router
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	router.RemoveRoute(host, svcID)
+}
+
+// queuePendingLocked stores or upserts a pending route. Caller holds muxLock.
+func (m *inboundManager) queuePendingLocked(accountID types.AccountID, host nbtcp.SNIHost, route nbtcp.Route) {
+	queued := m.pendingRoutes[accountID]
+	for i, pr := range queued {
+		if pr.host == host && pr.route.ServiceID == route.ServiceID {
+			queued[i] = pendingInboundRoute{host: host, route: route}
+			m.pendingRoutes[accountID] = queued
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	m.pendingRoutes[accountID] = append(queued, pendingInboundRoute{host: host, route: route})
+}
+
+// dropPendingLocked removes any queued route matching host/svcID.
+// Caller holds muxLock.
+func (m *inboundManager) dropPendingLocked(accountID types.AccountID, host nbtcp.SNIHost, svcID types.ServiceID) {
+	queued, ok := m.pendingRoutes[accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	filtered := queued[:0]
+	for _, pr := range queued {
+		if pr.host == host && pr.route.ServiceID == svcID {
+			continue
+		}
+		filtered = append(filtered, pr)
+	}
+	if len(filtered) == 0 {
+		delete(m.pendingRoutes, accountID)
+		return
+	}
+	m.pendingRoutes[accountID] = filtered
+}
+
+// flushPending applies all queued routes to a freshly-up router.
+func (m *inboundManager) flushPending(accountID types.AccountID, entry *inboundEntry) {
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	queued := m.pendingRoutes[accountID]
+	delete(m.pendingRoutes, accountID)
+	m.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	for _, pr := range queued {
+		entry.router.AddRoute(pr.host, pr.route)
+	}
+}
+
+// HasInbound reports whether the manager has a live listener for the account.
+// Used by tests.
+func (m *inboundManager) HasInbound(accountID types.AccountID) bool {
+	if m == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	defer m.muxLock.Unlock()
+	_, ok := m.entries[accountID]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// PendingRouteCount reports the number of queued routes for the account.
+// Used by tests.
+func (m *inboundManager) PendingRouteCount(accountID types.AccountID) int {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	defer m.muxLock.Unlock()
+	return len(m.pendingRoutes[accountID])
+}
+
+// InboundListenerInfo describes the bound addresses of a single
+// per-account inbound listener. Both addresses live on the embedded
+// netstack of the account's WireGuard client and share the same tunnel IP.
+type InboundListenerInfo struct {
+	TunnelIP  string
+	HTTPSPort uint16
+	HTTPPort  uint16
+}
+
+// ListenerInfo returns the inbound listener addresses for the given
+// account, or ok=false when the account has no live listener. Used by
+// the status-update RPC and the debug HTTP handler to surface inbound
+// reachability to operators.
+func (m *inboundManager) ListenerInfo(accountID types.AccountID) (InboundListenerInfo, bool) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return InboundListenerInfo{}, false
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	defer m.muxLock.Unlock()
+	entry, ok := m.entries[accountID]
+	if !ok || entry == nil {
+		return InboundListenerInfo{}, false
+	}
+	return listenerInfoFromEntry(entry), true
+}
+
+// Snapshot returns the inbound listener state for every account that has
+// a live listener at call time. Empty when --private is off or
+// no accounts have come up yet.
+func (m *inboundManager) Snapshot() map[types.AccountID]InboundListenerInfo {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	m.muxLock.Lock()
+	defer m.muxLock.Unlock()
+	if len(m.entries) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[types.AccountID]InboundListenerInfo, len(m.entries))
+	for id, entry := range m.entries {
+		if entry == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[id] = listenerInfoFromEntry(entry)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// listenerInfoFromEntry extracts the tunnel IP and ports from a live
+// per-account entry. Both listeners are bound on the same netstack so
+// their host components match; we still pull the TLS host as the
+// authoritative source.
+func listenerInfoFromEntry(entry *inboundEntry) InboundListenerInfo {
+	info := InboundListenerInfo{HTTPSPort: privateInboundPortHTTPS, HTTPPort: privateInboundPortHTTP}
+	if entry.tlsListener != nil {
+		host, port := splitHostPort(entry.tlsListener.Addr())
+		info.TunnelIP = host
+		if port != 0 {
+			info.HTTPSPort = port
+		}
+	}
+	if entry.plainListener != nil {
+		host, port := splitHostPort(entry.plainListener.Addr())
+		if info.TunnelIP == "" {
+			info.TunnelIP = host
+		}
+		if port != 0 {
+			info.HTTPPort = port
+		}
+	}
+	return info
+}
+
+// splitHostPort extracts host and port from a net.Addr, returning the
+// zero values when the address is missing or malformed.
+func splitHostPort(addr net.Addr) (string, uint16) {
+	if addr == nil {
+		return "", 0
+	}
+	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", 0
+	}
+	if portStr == "" {
+		return host, 0
+	}
+	port, err := strconv.ParseUint(portStr, 10, 16)
+	if err != nil {
+		return host, 0
+	}
+	return host, uint16(port)
+}
+
+// feedRouterFromListener accepts on the plain-HTTP netstack listener and
+// hands every connection to the account's router. The router peeks the
+// first byte and dispatches to the plain-HTTP channel for non-TLS
+// streams or the TLS channel for ClientHellos that arrive on :80.
+func feedRouterFromListener(ctx context.Context, ln net.Listener, router *nbtcp.Router, logger *log.Logger, accountID types.AccountID) {
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		_ = ln.Close()
+	}()
+
+	var backoff nbtcp.AcceptBackoff
+	for {
+		conn, err := ln.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil || nbtcp.IsClosedListenerErr(err) {
+				return
+			}
+			logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Debugf("plain inbound accept: %v; backing off", err)
+			if !backoff.Backoff(ctx) {
+				return
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		backoff.Reset()
+		router.HandleConn(ctx, conn)
+	}
+}
+
+// accountDialResolver returns a DialResolver bound to a single account's
+// embedded client. The router only ever serves traffic for that account
+// so the supplied accountID is ignored at dial time.
+func accountDialResolver(_ types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) nbtcp.DialResolver {
+	return func(_ types.AccountID) (types.DialContextFunc, error) {
+		return client.DialContext, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// accountTunnelLookup returns a TunnelLookupFunc backed by the embedded
+// client's peerstore for a single account. Phase 3 uses the result to
+// short-circuit ValidateTunnelPeer when the source IP is not in the
+// account's roster and to seed the cached identity for known peers.
+func accountTunnelLookup(client *embed.Client) auth.TunnelLookupFunc {
+	if client == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return func(ip netip.Addr) (auth.PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		pubKey, fqdn, ok := client.IdentityForIP(ip)
+		if !ok {
+			return auth.PeerIdentity{}, false
+		}
+		return auth.PeerIdentity{
+			PubKey:   pubKey,
+			TunnelIP: ip,
+			FQDN:     fqdn,
+		}, true
+	}
+}
+
+// withTunnelLookup returns an http.Handler that attaches the per-account
+// peerstore lookup to every request's context before delegating to next.
+// Calling on the host-level listener is a no-op because that path never
+// installs this wrapper, so the existing behaviour stays byte-for-byte
+// identical when --private is off or the request didn't arrive
+// on a per-account listener.
+func withTunnelLookup(next http.Handler, lookup auth.TunnelLookupFunc) http.Handler {
+	if lookup == nil {
+		return next
+	}
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		ctx := auth.WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup)
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
+	})
+}
+
+// inboundDebugAdapter adapts *inboundManager to the debug.InboundProvider
+// interface so the debug HTTP handler can render per-account inbound
+// listener state without importing the proxy package.
+type inboundDebugAdapter struct {
+	mgr *inboundManager
+}
+
+// InboundListeners returns a snapshot of the live per-account inbound
+// listeners formatted for the debug surface.
+func (a inboundDebugAdapter) InboundListeners() map[types.AccountID]debug.InboundListenerInfo {
+	if a.mgr == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	snap := a.mgr.Snapshot()
+	if len(snap) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[types.AccountID]debug.InboundListenerInfo, len(snap))
+	for id, info := range snap {
+		out[id] = debug.InboundListenerInfo{
+			TunnelIP:  info.TunnelIP,
+			HTTPSPort: info.HTTPSPort,
+			HTTPPort:  info.HTTPPort,
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// newInboundErrorLog routes a per-account http.Server's stdlib error
+// stream through logrus at warn level. The returned PipeWriter must be
+// closed by the caller (tearDown) once the http.Server has shut down —
+// otherwise the pipe and its scanner goroutine leak per account, see
+// logrus.Entry.WriterLevel.
+func newInboundErrorLog(logger *log.Logger, scheme string, accountID types.AccountID) (*stdlog.Logger, *io.PipeWriter) {
+	w := logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"inbound-http": scheme,
+		"account_id":   accountID,
+	}).WriterLevel(log.WarnLevel)
+	return stdlog.New(w, "", 0), w
+}
diff --git a/proxy/inbound_test.go b/proxy/inbound_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e6081802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/inbound_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,657 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/roundtrip"
+	nbtcp "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/tcp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// bufioReader wraps the connection in a buffered reader so http.ReadResponse
+// can parse the response line + headers off the wire.
+func bufioReader(conn net.Conn) *bufio.Reader {
+	return bufio.NewReader(conn)
+}
+
+// quietLogger returns a logger that emits nothing — keeps test output tidy.
+func quietLogger() *log.Logger {
+	logger := log.New()
+	logger.SetLevel(log.PanicLevel)
+	return logger
+}
+
+func TestInboundManager_RouteScopedToAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+
+	accountA := types.AccountID("acct-a")
+	accountB := types.AccountID("acct-b")
+
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountA, "shared.example", nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountA, ServiceID: "svc-a", Domain: "shared.example"})
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountB, "other.example", nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountB, ServiceID: "svc-b", Domain: "other.example"})
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountA), "account A should have one queued route")
+	require.Equal(t, 1, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountB), "account B should have one queued route")
+
+	mgr.RemoveRoute(accountA, "shared.example", "svc-a")
+	mgr.RemoveRoute(accountB, "other.example", "svc-b")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountA), "queue should drain on remove")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountB), "queue should drain on remove")
+}
+
+func TestInboundManager_PendingThenFlush(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-1")
+	host := nbtcp.SNIHost("example.test")
+	route := nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountID, ServiceID: "svc-1", Domain: "example.test"}
+
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountID, host, route)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountID), "pending count before listener is up")
+
+	// Simulate listener up by registering a fake entry, then flushing.
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(quietLogger(), nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"})
+	entry := &inboundEntry{router: router}
+	mgr.muxLock.Lock()
+	mgr.entries[accountID] = entry
+	mgr.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	mgr.flushPending(accountID, entry)
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountID), "queue should be empty after flush")
+}
+
+// fakeAddr is a stub net.Addr for tests that don't actually bind sockets.
+type fakeAddr struct {
+	addr string
+}
+
+func (a *fakeAddr) Network() string { return "tcp" }
+func (a *fakeAddr) String() string  { return a.addr }
+
+// fakeMgmtClient implements roundtrip.managementClient for tests.
+type fakeMgmtClient struct{}
+
+func (fakeMgmtClient) CreateProxyPeer(_ context.Context, _ *proto.CreateProxyPeerRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse{Success: true}, nil
+}
+
+// TestServer_PrivateInbound_NotEnabled_NoManager confirms that with
+// --private off the inbound manager is nil and the standalone proxy
+// keeps its zero-overhead default path.
+func TestServer_PrivateInbound_NotEnabled_NoManager(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{Logger: quietLogger(), Private: false}
+	s.initPrivateInbound(http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+	assert.Nil(t, s.inbound, "manager should remain nil when --private is off")
+}
+
+// TestServer_PrivateInbound_Enabled_WiresLifecycle confirms that
+// --private alone wires the manager into the NetBird transport, so
+// AddPeer / RemovePeer drive the lifecycle.
+func TestServer_PrivateInbound_Enabled_WiresLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{Logger: quietLogger(), Private: true}
+	// Construct a NetBird transport. We can't actually start the embedded
+	// client here (that needs a real management server), but we can
+	// confirm that the lifecycle callbacks are registered.
+	s.netbird = roundtrip.NewNetBird(t.Context(), "test", "test", roundtrip.ClientConfig{
+		MgmtAddr: "http://invalid.test",
+	}, quietLogger(), nil, fakeMgmtClient{})
+
+	s.initPrivateInbound(http.NotFoundHandler(), &tls.Config{}) //nolint:gosec
+	require.NotNil(t, s.inbound, "manager should be set when --private is on")
+	assert.NotNil(t, s.inbound.handler, "handler should be set on manager")
+	assert.NotNil(t, s.inbound.tlsConfig, "tls config should be set on manager")
+}
+
+// TestInboundManager_AddRouteAfterReady_RegistersDirectly verifies that
+// when the listener is already up, AddRoute writes straight to the
+// router without queueing.
+func TestInboundManager_AddRouteAfterReady_RegistersDirectly(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-1")
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(quietLogger(), nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"})
+
+	mgr.muxLock.Lock()
+	mgr.entries[accountID] = &inboundEntry{router: router}
+	mgr.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	host := nbtcp.SNIHost("ready.example")
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountID, host, nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountID, ServiceID: "svc-ready", Domain: string(host)})
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, mgr.PendingRouteCount(accountID), "no pending entries when listener is up")
+}
+
+// TestPrivateCapability_DerivedFromPrivateOnly tests that the capability
+// bit reported upstream tracks --private exclusively. The previous
+// --private flag has been folded into --private.
+func TestPrivateCapability_DerivedFromPrivateOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		private  bool
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"off", false, false},
+		{"on", true, true},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := &Server{Private: tt.private}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, s.Private, "private capability bit should match --private")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInboundManager_RouteScopedToAccountB_DoesNotMatchA verifies that a
+// service registered for account B is invisible to a router serving
+// account A. We exercise the path through real per-account routers.
+func TestInboundManager_RouteScopedToAccountB_DoesNotMatchA(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+
+	accountA := types.AccountID("acct-a")
+	accountB := types.AccountID("acct-b")
+	routerA := nbtcp.NewRouter(quietLogger(), nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"})
+	routerB := nbtcp.NewRouter(quietLogger(), nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"})
+
+	mgr.muxLock.Lock()
+	mgr.entries[accountA] = &inboundEntry{router: routerA}
+	mgr.entries[accountB] = &inboundEntry{router: routerB}
+	mgr.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	host := nbtcp.SNIHost("shared.example")
+	mgr.AddRoute(accountB, host, nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountB, ServiceID: "svc-b", Domain: string(host)})
+
+	// Account A's router should have no routes; account B's should have one.
+	// We check via IsEmpty — true means no routes and no fallback.
+	assert.True(t, routerA.IsEmpty(), "account A router must not see account B's mappings")
+	assert.False(t, routerB.IsEmpty(), "account B router should hold its own mapping")
+}
+
+// TestInboundEntry_ShutdownIdempotent ensures that tearDown can run twice
+// without panicking — callers may invoke it from RemovePeer + StopAll.
+func TestInboundEntry_ShutdownIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip("teardown requires real netstack listeners; covered by integration tests")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_PlainHTTP_ForwardedProtoIsHTTP exercises the full per-account
+// router pipeline against a loopback listener (proxy of a netstack
+// listener for test purposes): a plain HTTP request lands on the plain
+// http.Server and the inner handler observes a nil r.TLS, which is what
+// auth.ResolveProto translates to "http" in the real pipeline.
+func TestRouter_PlainHTTP_ForwardedProtoIsHTTP(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := quietLogger()
+
+	var captured atomic.Value
+	captured.Store("")
+
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.TLS == nil {
+			captured.Store("http")
+		} else {
+			captured.Store("https")
+		}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("ok"))
+	})
+
+	hostListener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "loopback listener bind must succeed")
+	defer hostListener.Close()
+
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, nil, hostListener.Addr(), nbtcp.WithPlainHTTP(hostListener.Addr()))
+	httpServer := &http.Server{Handler: handler, ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second}
+	defer func() { _ = httpServer.Close() }()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() { _ = httpServer.Serve(router.HTTPListenerPlain()) }()
+	go func() { _ = router.Serve(ctx, hostListener) }()
+
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", hostListener.Addr().String(), 2*time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "plain HTTP dial must succeed")
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "write must succeed")
+
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufioReader(conn), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must read response")
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
+	assert.Equal(t, "http", captured.Load(), "ForwardedProto must be http on plain path")
+}
+
+// TestWithTunnelLookup_AttachesLookupToContext verifies that requests
+// flowing through the per-account handler wrapper carry the peerstore
+// lookup function. Phase 3's local-first deny path depends on this.
+func TestWithTunnelLookup_AttachesLookupToContext(t *testing.T) {
+	expected := auth.PeerIdentity{TunnelIP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"), FQDN: "peer.netbird"}
+	lookup := auth.TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (auth.PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return expected, true
+	})
+
+	var observed auth.TunnelLookupFunc
+	inner := http.HandlerFunc(func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		observed = auth.TunnelLookupFromContext(r.Context())
+	})
+
+	handler := withTunnelLookup(inner, lookup)
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://svc.example/", nil)
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), r)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, observed, "wrapper must inject the lookup into the request context")
+	got, ok := observed(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"))
+	assert.True(t, ok, "lookup must round-trip through context")
+	assert.Equal(t, expected.FQDN, got.FQDN, "lookup must return the same identity it was constructed with")
+}
+
+// TestWithTunnelLookup_NilLookupIsNoop confirms the wrapper is a pure
+// pass-through when no lookup is provided. Required for the host-level
+// listener path to keep its byte-for-byte previous behaviour.
+func TestWithTunnelLookup_NilLookupIsNoop(t *testing.T) {
+	var called bool
+	inner := http.HandlerFunc(func(_ http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		called = true
+		assert.Nil(t, auth.TunnelLookupFromContext(r.Context()), "host-level path must not see a lookup function")
+	})
+
+	handler := withTunnelLookup(inner, nil)
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://svc.example/", nil)
+	handler.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), r)
+	assert.True(t, called, "wrapper without lookup must still invoke next")
+}
+
+// fakeListener satisfies net.Listener for snapshot tests without binding
+// a real socket on the netstack.
+type fakeListener struct {
+	addr net.Addr
+}
+
+func (f *fakeListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) { return nil, net.ErrClosed }
+func (f *fakeListener) Close() error              { return nil }
+func (f *fakeListener) Addr() net.Addr            { return f.addr }
+
+// TestInboundManager_ListenerInfo confirms ListenerInfo and Snapshot
+// surface the bound tunnel-IP and ports for live entries.
+func TestInboundManager_ListenerInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-info")
+
+	tlsAddr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.5"), Port: privateInboundPortHTTPS}
+	plainAddr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("100.64.0.5"), Port: privateInboundPortHTTP}
+	mgr.muxLock.Lock()
+	mgr.entries[accountID] = &inboundEntry{
+		tlsListener:   &fakeListener{addr: tlsAddr},
+		plainListener: &fakeListener{addr: plainAddr},
+	}
+	mgr.muxLock.Unlock()
+
+	info, ok := mgr.ListenerInfo(accountID)
+	require.True(t, ok, "ListenerInfo must report ok for live entry")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.5", info.TunnelIP, "tunnel IP must come from listener address")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(privateInboundPortHTTPS), info.HTTPSPort, "TLS port must match bound port")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(privateInboundPortHTTP), info.HTTPPort, "HTTP port must match bound port")
+
+	snap := mgr.Snapshot()
+	require.Len(t, snap, 1, "snapshot must contain exactly one entry")
+	assert.Equal(t, info, snap[accountID], "snapshot entry must equal direct lookup")
+
+	_, ok = mgr.ListenerInfo(types.AccountID("missing"))
+	assert.False(t, ok, "ListenerInfo must report ok=false for unknown accounts")
+}
+
+// TestInboundManager_NilManagerSafe ensures the observability accessors
+// are safe to call when --private is off (nil manager).
+func TestInboundManager_NilManagerSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	var mgr *inboundManager
+	_, ok := mgr.ListenerInfo("anything")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "nil manager must return ok=false")
+	assert.Nil(t, mgr.Snapshot(), "nil manager must return nil snapshot")
+}
+
+// TestInboundManager_ConcurrentAddRemove pounds AddRoute / RemoveRoute
+// from multiple goroutines to expose any locking gaps.
+func TestInboundManager_ConcurrentAddRemove(t *testing.T) {
+	mgr := newInboundManager(quietLogger(), http.NotFoundHandler(), nil)
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-1")
+	const workers = 32
+	const iterations = 50
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(workers)
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		go func(idx int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			host := nbtcp.SNIHost("example.test")
+			svc := types.ServiceID("svc")
+			route := nbtcp.Route{Type: nbtcp.RouteHTTP, AccountID: accountID, ServiceID: svc, Domain: "example.test"}
+			for j := 0; j < iterations; j++ {
+				mgr.AddRoute(accountID, host, route)
+				mgr.RemoveRoute(accountID, host, svc)
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		wg.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("concurrent add/remove timed out")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFeedRouterFromListener_DeliversConnectionToHandler validates the
+// per-account inbound chain end-to-end with a loopback listener
+// substituted for the embedded netstack: a TCP connection arriving at
+// the plain listener flows through feedRouterFromListener, the router's
+// peek-and-dispatch, the wrapped HTTP server, and reaches the user
+// handler. If the embedded netstack is delivering connections at all,
+// this is the path they take. Failures localise to wiring bugs in the
+// proxy, not the netstack.
+func TestFeedRouterFromListener_DeliversConnectionToHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := quietLogger()
+
+	hits := make(chan string, 1)
+	handler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		hits <- r.Host
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("served"))
+	})
+
+	plainLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "plain loopback bind must succeed")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = plainLn.Close() })
+
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, nil, &fakeAddr{addr: "127.0.0.1:0"}, nbtcp.WithPlainHTTP(plainLn.Addr()))
+
+	httpServer := &http.Server{Handler: handler, ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = httpServer.Close() })
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	go func() { _ = httpServer.Serve(router.HTTPListenerPlain()) }()
+	go feedRouterFromListener(ctx, plainLn, router, logger, types.AccountID("acct-1"))
+
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", plainLn.Addr().String(), 2*time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must connect to the plain listener")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: app.example\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n"))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "request write must succeed")
+
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufioReader(conn), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must read response from server")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() })
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "handler must be reached")
+
+	select {
+	case host := <-hits:
+		assert.Equal(t, "app.example", host, "handler must observe the request Host")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("handler was not invoked — connection did not flow through router → http server")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFeedRouterFromListener_DispatchesTLSToTLSChannel verifies that a
+// TLS ClientHello arriving on the plain listener is detected by the
+// router peek and re-dispatched to the TLS channel — the cross-channel
+// fallback the inbound stack relies on for HTTPS-on-:80 testing.
+func TestFeedRouterFromListener_DispatchesTLSToTLSChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := quietLogger()
+
+	hits := make(chan string, 1)
+	tlsHandler := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		hits <- r.Host
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("served-tls"))
+	})
+
+	plainLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "plain loopback bind must succeed")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = plainLn.Close() })
+
+	tlsLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "tls loopback bind must succeed")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = tlsLn.Close() })
+
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, nil, tlsLn.Addr(), nbtcp.WithPlainHTTP(plainLn.Addr()))
+
+	tlsConfig := selfSignedTLSConfig(t)
+	httpsServer := &http.Server{
+		Handler:           tlsHandler,
+		TLSConfig:         tlsConfig,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second,
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = httpsServer.Close() })
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	go func() { _ = httpsServer.ServeTLS(router.HTTPListener(), "", "") }()
+	go feedRouterFromListener(ctx, plainLn, router, logger, types.AccountID("acct-tls"))
+
+	tlsConn, err := tls.Dial("tcp", plainLn.Addr().String(), &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}) //nolint:gosec
+	require.NoError(t, err, "TLS dial against the plain listener must succeed (cross-channel)")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = tlsConn.Close() })
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://app.example/", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, req.Write(tlsConn), "TLS request write must succeed")
+
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufioReader(tlsConn), req)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must read TLS response")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() })
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "TLS handler must be reached")
+
+	select {
+	case host := <-hits:
+		assert.Equal(t, "app.example", host, "TLS handler must observe the request Host")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("TLS handler was not invoked — peek/dispatch path is broken")
+	}
+}
+
+func selfSignedTLSConfig(t *testing.T) *tls.Config {
+	t.Helper()
+	cert, err := tls.X509KeyPair(testCertPEM, testKeyPEM)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "load static self-signed cert")
+	return &tls.Config{Certificates: []tls.Certificate{cert}, MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12} //nolint:gosec
+}
+
+// TestNewInboundErrorLog_WriterIsCloseable guards the close path on the
+// logrus PipeWriter that backs each per-account http.Server's ErrorLog.
+// logrus.Entry.WriterLevel returns an *io.PipeWriter that owns a pipe +
+// scanner goroutine; the caller must Close() it on teardown or the
+// resources leak per account. The contract is verified two ways:
+//
+//   - the constructor returns a non-nil writer the caller can keep,
+//   - writing to the writer after Close() fails with io.ErrClosedPipe,
+//     which is the only externally observable sign that Close was wired.
+//
+// A leaking refactor (forgetting to thread the writer to tearDown, or
+// dropping the Close call) would still pass this test individually but
+// fail an integration goleak check; this unit test is the cheap first
+// line of defence.
+func TestNewInboundErrorLog_WriterIsCloseable(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := quietLogger()
+	stdLog, writer := newInboundErrorLog(logger, "https", types.AccountID("acct-1"))
+
+	require.NotNil(t, stdLog, "newInboundErrorLog must return a non-nil *log.Logger")
+	require.NotNil(t, writer, "newInboundErrorLog must return the underlying PipeWriter so tearDown can Close it")
+
+	// First Close succeeds.
+	require.NoError(t, writer.Close(), "PipeWriter.Close should succeed the first time")
+
+	// After Close, the writer must refuse new writes — that's the only
+	// behavioural signal that the pipe (and its scanner goroutine) has
+	// shut down.
+	_, err := writer.Write([]byte("post-close write\n"))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, io.ErrClosedPipe,
+		"writes after Close must surface io.ErrClosedPipe so callers know the writer is gone")
+}
+
+// testCertPEM / testKeyPEM are a minimal RSA self-signed cert for
+// 127.0.0.1 — only used by tests that need a working TLS handshake.
+var testCertPEM = []byte(`-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`)
+var testKeyPEM = []byte(`-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
+MHcCAQEEIIrYSSNQFaA2Hwf1duRSxKtLYX5CB04fSeQ6tF1aY/PuoAoGCCqGSM49
+AwEHoUQDQgAEPR3tU2Fta9ktY+6P9G0cWO+0kETA6SFs38GecTyudlHz6xvCdz8q
+EKTcWGekdmdDPsHloRNtsiCa697B2O9IFA==
+-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----`)
+
+// scriptedAcceptListener returns pre-scripted errors from Accept(). Used
+// to drive the feedRouterFromListener tests without binding a real
+// socket — the production code path is a netstack-backed listener that
+// returns gVisor's "endpoint is in invalid state" forever after its
+// endpoint is destroyed.
+type scriptedAcceptListener struct {
+	errs   chan error
+	closed chan struct{}
+}
+
+func newScriptedAcceptListener(errs ...error) *scriptedAcceptListener {
+	s := &scriptedAcceptListener{
+		errs:   make(chan error, len(errs)+1),
+		closed: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	for _, e := range errs {
+		s.errs <- e
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s *scriptedAcceptListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
+	select {
+	case <-s.closed:
+		return nil, net.ErrClosed
+	case err := <-s.errs:
+		return nil, err
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *scriptedAcceptListener) Close() error {
+	select {
+	case <-s.closed:
+	default:
+		close(s.closed)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *scriptedAcceptListener) Addr() net.Addr {
+	return &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0}
+}
+
+// errSentinel carries a literal error message so tests can synthesise
+// the exact gVisor text without importing the netstack package.
+type errSentinel string
+
+func (e errSentinel) Error() string { return string(e) }
+
+// TestFeedRouterFromListener_ExitsOnGVisorInvalidEndpoint is the
+// regression guard for the inbound side of the tight-loop bug. The
+// per-account plain-HTTP feeder must recognise gVisor's "endpoint is in
+// invalid state" and exit, otherwise it pegs a CPU core and floods the
+// account-scoped log with the same accept error every iteration.
+func TestFeedRouterFromListener_ExitsOnGVisorInvalidEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.StandardLogger()
+	addr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 80}
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, nil, addr)
+
+	gvisorErr := &net.OpError{
+		Op:   "accept",
+		Net:  "tcp",
+		Addr: addr,
+		Err:  errSentinel("endpoint is in invalid state"),
+	}
+	ln := newScriptedAcceptListener(gvisorErr)
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		feedRouterFromListener(context.Background(), ln, router, logger, "acct-1")
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		// Expected: loop recognised the gVisor error and returned.
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("feedRouterFromListener did not exit on gVisor 'endpoint is in invalid state' — accept loop is spinning")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFeedRouterFromListener_BacksOffOnTransientError asserts the
+// defence-in-depth path: an unknown sticky Accept error must NOT cause
+// CPU spin. The loop backs off and exits cleanly when ctx is cancelled.
+func TestFeedRouterFromListener_BacksOffOnTransientError(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.StandardLogger()
+	addr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 80}
+	router := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, nil, addr)
+
+	const transientCount = 5
+	errs := make([]error, transientCount)
+	for i := range errs {
+		errs[i] = errSentinel("transient: temporary network error")
+	}
+	ln := newScriptedAcceptListener(errs...)
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	start := time.Now()
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		feedRouterFromListener(ctx, ln, router, logger, "acct-1")
+	}()
+	time.AfterFunc(150*time.Millisecond, cancel)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		// Expected.
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("feedRouterFromListener did not exit on ctx cancellation — backoff or exit path broken")
+	}
+
+	// Without backoff the 5 scripted errors would burn in microseconds.
+	// With backoff the first delay alone is 5ms, so the loop must take
+	// at least that long even though ctx fires at 150ms.
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, 5*time.Millisecond,
+		"loop ran without backing off — would burn CPU in production")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/accesslog/logger.go b/proxy/internal/accesslog/logger.go
index 3283f61db..a438f42d2 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/accesslog/logger.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/accesslog/logger.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ type denyBucket struct {
 type Logger struct {
 	client         gRPCClient
 	logger         *log.Logger
-	trustedProxies []netip.Prefix
+	trustedProxies *trustedproxy.List
 
 	usageMux    sync.Mutex
 	domainUsage map[string]*domainUsage
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ type Logger struct {
 // NewLogger creates a new access log Logger. The trustedProxies parameter
 // configures which upstream proxy IP ranges are trusted for extracting
 // the real client IP from X-Forwarded-For headers.
-func NewLogger(client gRPCClient, logger *log.Logger, trustedProxies []netip.Prefix) *Logger {
+func NewLogger(client gRPCClient, logger *log.Logger, trustedProxies *trustedproxy.List) *Logger {
 	if logger == nil {
 		logger = log.StandardLogger()
 	}
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@ type logEntry struct {
 	BytesDownload int64
 	Protocol      Protocol
 	Metadata      map[string]string
+	AgentNetwork  bool
 }
 
 // Protocol identifies the transport protocol of an access log entry.
@@ -214,6 +216,61 @@ func (l *Logger) allowDenyLog(serviceID types.ServiceID, reason string) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+// usageMetadataKeys is the allowlist of metadata retained on a stripped,
+// usage-only agent-network entry. Mirrors the llm.* / cost.* keys in
+// proxy/internal/middleware/keys.go — only the dimensions management needs to
+// record a usage row (provider / model / tokens / cost / groups).
+var usageMetadataKeys = map[string]struct{}{
+	"llm.provider":              {},
+	"llm.model":                 {},
+	"llm.resolved_provider_id":  {},
+	"llm.input_tokens":          {},
+	"llm.output_tokens":         {},
+	"llm.total_tokens":          {},
+	"llm.cached_input_tokens":   {},
+	"llm.cache_creation_tokens": {},
+	"cost.usd_input":            {},
+	"cost.usd_cached_input":     {},
+	"cost.usd_cache_creation":   {},
+	"cost.usd_output":           {},
+	"cost.usd_total":            {},
+	"cost.usd_cache":            {},
+	"llm.authorising_groups":    {},
+}
+
+// stripAgentNetworkEntryForUsage returns the entry reduced to what's needed to
+// record usage/cost: it drops request detail (host / path / source IP) and any
+// prompt capture, keeping the LLM usage metadata plus the caller identity
+// (user / auth mechanism) needed for attribution. Shipped when an
+// agent-network account has log collection disabled but usage must still be
+// collected. logEntry is passed by value, so mutating it here is safe; Metadata
+// is replaced with a fresh map rather than mutated in place.
+func stripAgentNetworkEntryForUsage(entry logEntry) logEntry {
+	entry.Host = ""
+	entry.Path = ""
+	entry.SourceIP = netip.Addr{}
+	// Drop the rest of the per-request telemetry too — a usage-only entry
+	// must carry the LLM usage metadata and caller identity, nothing that
+	// describes the individual request.
+	entry.Method = ""
+	entry.ResponseCode = 0
+	entry.DurationMs = 0
+	entry.BytesUpload = 0
+	entry.BytesDownload = 0
+	entry.Protocol = ""
+
+	if len(entry.Metadata) > 0 {
+		stripped := make(map[string]string, len(usageMetadataKeys))
+		for k := range usageMetadataKeys {
+			if v, ok := entry.Metadata[k]; ok {
+				stripped[k] = v
+			}
+		}
+		entry.Metadata = stripped
+	}
+	return entry
+}
+
 func (l *Logger) log(entry logEntry) {
 	// Fire off the log request in a separate routine.
 	// This increases the possibility of losing a log message
@@ -264,6 +321,7 @@ func (l *Logger) log(entry logEntry) {
 				BytesDownload: entry.BytesDownload,
 				Protocol:      string(entry.Protocol),
 				Metadata:      entry.Metadata,
+				AgentNetwork:  entry.AgentNetwork,
 			},
 		}); err != nil {
 			l.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
diff --git a/proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware.go
index 5a0684c19..9c644418e 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware.go
@@ -83,11 +83,23 @@ func (l *Logger) Middleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 			BytesDownload: bytesDownload,
 			Protocol:      ProtocolHTTP,
 			Metadata:      capturedData.GetMetadata(),
+			AgentNetwork:  capturedData.GetAgentNetwork(),
 		}
 		l.logger.Debugf("response: request_id=%s method=%s host=%s path=%s status=%d duration=%dms source=%s origin=%s service=%s account=%s",
 			requestID, r.Method, host, r.URL.Path, sw.status, duration.Milliseconds(), sourceIp, capturedData.GetOrigin(), capturedData.GetServiceID(), capturedData.GetAccountID())
 
-		l.log(entry)
+		// Emit the access log unless the matched target opted out
+		// (agent-network synth targets do this when the account's
+		// EnableLogCollection toggle is off). For agent-network entries we
+		// still ship a stripped, usage-only record even when suppressed, so
+		// usage/cost is collected regardless of the log-collection toggle;
+		// request detail and prompt capture are dropped before sending.
+		switch {
+		case !capturedData.GetSuppressAccessLog():
+			l.log(entry)
+		case entry.AgentNetwork:
+			l.log(stripAgentNetworkEntryForUsage(entry))
+		}
 
 		// Track usage for cost monitoring (upload + download) by domain
 		l.trackUsage(host, bytesUpload+bytesDownload)
diff --git a/proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf91957a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/accesslog/middleware_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+package accesslog
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// recorderClient is a minimal stub for the access-log gRPCClient interface. It
+// counts SendAccessLog invocations and signals on every call so tests can
+// deterministically wait for the goroutine inside Logger.log without sleeping.
+type recorderClient struct {
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	calls     int64
+	lastEntry *proto.AccessLog
+	called    chan struct{}
+}
+
+func newRecorderClient() *recorderClient {
+	return &recorderClient{called: make(chan struct{}, 16)}
+}
+
+func (r *recorderClient) SendAccessLog(_ context.Context, in *proto.SendAccessLogRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.SendAccessLogResponse, error) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	r.calls++
+	r.lastEntry = in.GetLog()
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+	select {
+	case r.called <- struct{}{}:
+	default:
+	}
+	return &proto.SendAccessLogResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+func (r *recorderClient) callCount() int64 {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	return r.calls
+}
+
+// newTestLogger builds a Logger backed by the supplied recorderClient. It is
+// the same constructor production uses, just with a stub gRPC client — no
+// mocks, no interface re-implementations.
+func newTestLogger(t *testing.T, client *recorderClient) *Logger {
+	t.Helper()
+	logger := NewLogger(client, nil, nil)
+	t.Cleanup(logger.Close)
+	return logger
+}
+
+// TestMiddleware_SuppressAccessLog_SkipsLogSink asserts the suppression gate.
+// When the inner handler stamps SuppressAccessLog=true on CapturedData (mirrors
+// what reverseproxy does when the matched target's DisableAccessLog flag is
+// set), the middleware must NOT invoke the access-log sink. Bandwidth telemetry
+// (trackUsage) keeps running — it's the call to SendAccessLog that we gate.
+func TestMiddleware_SuppressAccessLog_SkipsLogSink(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newRecorderClient()
+	l := newTestLogger(t, client)
+
+	inner := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context())
+		require.NotNil(t, cd, "middleware must inject CapturedData into the request context")
+		cd.SetSuppressAccessLog(true)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	})
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(l.Middleware(inner))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	resp, err := http.Get(srv.URL + "/agent-network/v1/chat/completions")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "GET against suppressed target must succeed")
+	require.NoError(t, resp.Body.Close())
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "inner handler must run normally")
+
+	// Give the goroutine fence a beat (Logger.log dispatches in a goroutine).
+	// The negative assertion needs a small window: if a send is going to
+	// happen, it happens promptly.
+	select {
+	case <-client.called:
+		t.Fatalf("access-log sink must not be invoked when SuppressAccessLog=true (got %d call(s))", client.callCount())
+	case <-time.After(150 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), client.callCount(),
+		"SendAccessLog must not be called for suppressed requests")
+}
+
+// TestMiddleware_SuppressAccessLog_DefaultEmitsLog is the regression sanity:
+// when nothing sets SuppressAccessLog (the universal default for every
+// non-agent-network target), the middleware MUST still emit the access-log
+// entry. This is the guarantee that wires-through to the EnableLogCollection
+// gate without breaking anyone who isn't opted in.
+func TestMiddleware_SuppressAccessLog_DefaultEmitsLog(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newRecorderClient()
+	l := newTestLogger(t, client)
+
+	var innerRan atomic.Bool
+	inner := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		innerRan.Store(true)
+		// Intentionally DO NOT touch SuppressAccessLog — mirrors every
+		// non-agent-network target.
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	})
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(l.Middleware(inner))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	resp, err := http.Get(srv.URL + "/service/healthz")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "GET against default target must succeed")
+	require.NoError(t, resp.Body.Close())
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode, "inner handler must run normally")
+	require.True(t, innerRan.Load(), "inner handler must have run")
+
+	select {
+	case <-client.called:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatalf("SendAccessLog must be invoked for non-suppressed requests, none observed (calls=%d)", client.callCount())
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), client.callCount(),
+		"non-suppressed request must produce exactly one access-log send")
+}
+
+// TestMiddleware_SuppressAccessLog_PreservesUsageTracking proves the gate is
+// surgical: with SuppressAccessLog=true the access-log send is skipped, but
+// the per-domain usage tracker still records the bytes transferred. This is
+// the cost-monitoring guarantee called out in the gate's comment.
+func TestMiddleware_SuppressAccessLog_PreservesUsageTracking(t *testing.T) {
+	client := newRecorderClient()
+	l := newTestLogger(t, client)
+
+	payload := []byte("ok")
+	inner := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context())
+		require.NotNil(t, cd, "middleware must inject CapturedData")
+		cd.SetSuppressAccessLog(true)
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		_, _ = w.Write(payload)
+	})
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(l.Middleware(inner))
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Close)
+
+	resp, err := http.Get(srv.URL + "/agent-network/v1/chat/completions")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, resp.Body.Close())
+
+	// Allow trackUsage to land — it runs synchronously after l.log(entry) is
+	// (would have been) called.
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	l.usageMux.Lock()
+	usage, present := l.domainUsage[hostNoPort(srv.URL)]
+	l.usageMux.Unlock()
+	require.True(t, present, "domain usage must be tracked even when the access-log is suppressed")
+	assert.Greater(t, usage.bytesTransferred, int64(0), "bytesTransferred must include the response payload")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), client.callCount(),
+		"SendAccessLog must remain suppressed across the response write")
+}
+
+// hostNoPort extracts the host name from an httptest server URL. The
+// middleware strips the port before keying domain usage, so the test mirrors
+// that to look the entry up.
+func hostNoPort(url string) string {
+	// httptest URLs are always "http://127.0.0.1:PORT".
+	const prefix = "http://"
+	host := url[len(prefix):]
+	for i := 0; i < len(host); i++ {
+		if host[i] == ':' || host[i] == '/' {
+			return host[:i]
+		}
+	}
+	return host
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/accesslog/requestip.go b/proxy/internal/accesslog/requestip.go
index 30c483fd9..71cea85d0 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/accesslog/requestip.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/accesslog/requestip.go
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 )
 
 // extractSourceIP resolves the real client IP from the request using trusted
 // proxy configuration. When trustedProxies is non-empty and the direct
 // connection is from a trusted source, it walks X-Forwarded-For right-to-left
 // skipping trusted IPs. Otherwise it returns RemoteAddr directly.
-func extractSourceIP(r *http.Request, trustedProxies []netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
-	return proxy.ResolveClientIP(r.RemoteAddr, r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"), trustedProxies)
+func extractSourceIP(r *http.Request, trustedProxies *trustedproxy.List) netip.Addr {
+	return trustedProxies.ResolveClientIP(r.RemoteAddr, r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"))
 }
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/header.go b/proxy/internal/auth/header.go
index 194800a49..64d5da8f1 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/auth/header.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/header.go
@@ -1,36 +1,33 @@
 package auth
 
 import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/auth"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/hash/argon2id"
 )
 
-// ErrHeaderAuthFailed indicates that the header was present but the
-// credential did not validate. Callers should return 401 instead of
-// falling through to other auth schemes.
-var ErrHeaderAuthFailed = errors.New("header authentication failed")
-
-// Header implements header-based authentication. The proxy checks for the
-// configured header in each request and validates its value via gRPC.
+// Header implements header-based authentication. The service mapping carries
+// the argon2id hash of every value accepted for the header, so the proxy
+// verifies the credential locally rather than round-tripping to management.
 type Header struct {
-	id         types.ServiceID
-	accountId  types.AccountID
 	headerName string
-	client     authenticator
+	hashes     []string
+	verified   *verifiedValues
 }
 
-// NewHeader creates a Header authentication scheme for the given header name.
-func NewHeader(client authenticator, id types.ServiceID, accountId types.AccountID, headerName string) Header {
+// NewHeader creates a Header authentication scheme accepting any value whose
+// argon2id hash appears in hashes. An empty hashes slice rejects every request
+// carrying the header, so a mapping that arrived without its hashes fails
+// closed instead of leaving the service unprotected.
+func NewHeader(headerName string, hashes []string) Header {
 	return Header{
-		id:         id,
-		accountId:  accountId,
-		headerName: headerName,
-		client:     client,
+		headerName: http.CanonicalHeaderKey(headerName),
+		hashes:     hashes,
+		verified:   &verifiedValues{seen: make(map[[32]byte]struct{}, len(hashes))},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -39,31 +36,64 @@ func (Header) Type() auth.Method {
 	return auth.MethodHeader
 }
 
-// Authenticate checks for the configured header in the request. If absent,
-// returns empty (unauthenticated). If present, validates via gRPC.
-func (h Header) Authenticate(r *http.Request) (string, string, error) {
+// Authenticate satisfies Scheme. Header credentials are resolved by Verify
+// before the scheme loop runs, so a request that reaches here never carries
+// the header and there is no credential to prompt for.
+func (Header) Authenticate(*http.Request) (string, string, error) {
+	return "", "", nil
+}
+
+// Verify reports whether the request carries the configured header and, when
+// it does, whether the value matches one of the service's hashes.
+//
+// A non-nil unusable is a diagnostic rather than a request error: a stored hash
+// could not be decoded, so no credential can ever match it and the header stays
+// unauthenticatable until the service is saved again. Folding that into an
+// ordinary mismatch would hide the misconfiguration behind a permanent 401.
+func (h Header) Verify(r *http.Request) (present, matched bool, unusable error) {
 	value := r.Header.Get(h.headerName)
 	if value == "" {
-		return "", "", nil
+		return false, false, nil
 	}
 
-	res, err := h.client.Authenticate(r.Context(), &proto.AuthenticateRequest{
-		Id:        string(h.id),
-		AccountId: string(h.accountId),
-		Request: &proto.AuthenticateRequest_HeaderAuth{
-			HeaderAuth: &proto.HeaderAuthRequest{
-				HeaderValue: value,
-				HeaderName:  h.headerName,
-			},
-		},
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("authenticate header: %w", err)
+	digest := sha256.Sum256([]byte(value))
+	if h.verified.has(digest) {
+		return true, true, nil
 	}
 
-	if res.GetSuccess() {
-		return res.GetSessionToken(), "", nil
+	for _, hash := range h.hashes {
+		err := argon2id.Verify(value, hash)
+		if err == nil {
+			h.verified.add(digest)
+			return true, true, nil
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, argon2id.ErrMismatchedHashAndPassword) {
+			unusable = err
+		}
 	}
+	return true, false, unusable
+}
 
-	return "", "", ErrHeaderAuthFailed
+// verifiedValues remembers which header values already passed argon2id
+// verification. argon2id is deliberately expensive (19 MiB, two passes) and
+// header credentials repeat on every request, so re-deriving per request would
+// dominate the hot path. The set cannot outgrow the number of configured
+// hashes, and a mapping update builds a fresh scheme with an empty set.
+// Values are keyed by digest so the plaintext credential is not retained.
+type verifiedValues struct {
+	mu   sync.Mutex
+	seen map[[32]byte]struct{}
+}
+
+func (v *verifiedValues) has(digest [32]byte) bool {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+	_, ok := v.seen[digest]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (v *verifiedValues) add(digest [32]byte) {
+	v.mu.Lock()
+	defer v.mu.Unlock()
+	v.seen[digest] = struct{}{}
 }
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/identity.go b/proxy/internal/auth/identity.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c49e0caa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/identity.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+)
+
+// PeerIdentity describes the locally-known facts about a peer reachable on
+// the proxy's per-account WireGuard listener. Phase 3 fills PubKey, TunnelIP
+// and FQDN from the embedded client's peerstore. UserID, Email and Groups
+// stay zero in V1 — full identity still travels through ValidateTunnelPeer.
+// Phase V2 will populate them once RemotePeerConfig carries user identity.
+type PeerIdentity struct {
+	PubKey   string
+	TunnelIP netip.Addr
+	FQDN     string
+
+	// V2 fields (zero in V1).
+	UserID string
+	Email  string
+	Groups []string
+}
+
+// TunnelLookupFunc resolves a tunnel IP to a peer identity using locally
+// available peerstore data. ok=false means the IP is not in the calling
+// account's roster.
+type TunnelLookupFunc func(ip netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool)
+
+type tunnelLookupContextKey struct{}
+
+// WithTunnelLookup attaches a per-account peerstore lookup function to
+// the request context. The auth middleware calls this lookup before
+// hitting management's ValidateTunnelPeer to short-circuit unknown IPs
+// and to skip the RPC for already-cached identities.
+func WithTunnelLookup(ctx context.Context, lookup TunnelLookupFunc) context.Context {
+	if lookup == nil {
+		return ctx
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, tunnelLookupContextKey{}, lookup)
+}
+
+// TunnelLookupFromContext returns the peerstore lookup attached to ctx,
+// or nil when the request did not arrive on a per-account listener.
+func TunnelLookupFromContext(ctx context.Context) TunnelLookupFunc {
+	v, _ := ctx.Value(tunnelLookupContextKey{}).(TunnelLookupFunc)
+	return v
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/auth/middleware.go
index 055e4510f..1d46fd824 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/auth/middleware.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/middleware.go
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ type authenticator interface {
 // SessionValidator validates session tokens and checks user access permissions.
 type SessionValidator interface {
 	ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, in *proto.ValidateSessionRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateSessionResponse, error)
+	ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, in *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error)
 }
 
 // Scheme defines an authentication mechanism for a domain.
@@ -56,12 +57,26 @@ type DomainConfig struct {
 	AccountID         types.AccountID
 	ServiceID         types.ServiceID
 	IPRestrictions    *restrict.Filter
+	// Private routes the domain through ValidateTunnelPeer; failure → 403.
+	Private bool
+	// AllowedGroups holds the group ids that may reach the service through an
+	// OIDC identity. When non-empty, a session cookie is honoured only if its
+	// groups claim intersects this set. Empty means group membership does not
+	// restrict access.
+	AllowedGroups map[string]struct{}
 }
 
 type validationResult struct {
 	UserID       string
+	UserEmail    string
 	Valid        bool
 	DeniedReason string
+	Groups       []string
+	// GroupNames carries the human-readable display names for Groups,
+	// ordered identically (positional pairing). May be shorter than
+	// Groups for tokens minted before names were embedded; the consumer
+	// falls back to ids for missing positions.
+	GroupNames []string
 }
 
 // Middleware applies per-domain authentication and IP restriction checks.
@@ -71,6 +86,7 @@ type Middleware struct {
 	logger           *log.Logger
 	sessionValidator SessionValidator
 	geo              restrict.GeoResolver
+	tunnelCache      *tunnelValidationCache
 }
 
 // NewMiddleware creates a new authentication middleware. The sessionValidator is
@@ -84,6 +100,7 @@ func NewMiddleware(logger *log.Logger, sessionValidator SessionValidator, geo re
 		logger:           logger,
 		sessionValidator: sessionValidator,
 		geo:              geo,
+		tunnelCache:      newTunnelValidationCache(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -111,6 +128,15 @@ func (mw *Middleware) Protect(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 			return
 		}
 
+		// Private services bypass operator schemes and gate on tunnel peer.
+		if config.Private {
+			if mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, host, config, next) {
+				return
+			}
+			http.Error(w, "Forbidden", http.StatusForbidden)
+			return
+		}
+
 		// Domains with no authentication schemes pass through after IP checks.
 		if len(config.Schemes) == 0 {
 			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
@@ -125,7 +151,15 @@ func (mw *Middleware) Protect(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 			return
 		}
 
-		if mw.forwardWithHeaderAuth(w, r, host, config, next) {
+		if mw.forwardWithHeaderAuth(w, r, config, next) {
+			return
+		}
+
+		if mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, host, config, next) {
+			return
+		}
+
+		if mw.blockOIDCOnPlainHTTP(w, r, config) {
 			return
 		}
 
@@ -133,6 +167,42 @@ func (mw *Middleware) Protect(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	})
 }
 
+// requestIsPlainHTTP reports whether the request arrived without TLS.
+// Used to gate cookie-on-plain warnings and the OIDC plain-HTTP block.
+func requestIsPlainHTTP(r *http.Request) bool {
+	return r.TLS == nil
+}
+
+// hasOIDCScheme reports whether any of the configured schemes requires
+// TLS to round-trip safely with an external IdP.
+func hasOIDCScheme(schemes []Scheme) bool {
+	for _, s := range schemes {
+		if s.Type() == auth.MethodOIDC {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// blockOIDCOnPlainHTTP fails fast when an OIDC-configured domain is hit
+// over plain HTTP. Most IdPs reject http:// redirect URIs, so surfacing
+// the misconfiguration here yields a clearer error than the IdP's
+// "invalid redirect_uri" round-trip.
+func (mw *Middleware) blockOIDCOnPlainHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config DomainConfig) bool {
+	if !requestIsPlainHTTP(r) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !hasOIDCScheme(config.Schemes) {
+		return false
+	}
+	mw.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"host":   r.Host,
+		"remote": r.RemoteAddr,
+	}).Warn("OIDC scheme reached on plain HTTP path; rejecting with 400 — use port 443")
+	http.Error(w, "OIDC requires TLS — use port 443", http.StatusBadRequest)
+	return true
+}
+
 func (mw *Middleware) getDomainConfig(host string) (DomainConfig, bool) {
 	mw.domainsMux.RLock()
 	defer mw.domainsMux.RUnlock()
@@ -162,7 +232,17 @@ func (mw *Middleware) checkIPRestrictions(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request
 		return false
 	}
 
-	verdict := config.IPRestrictions.Check(clientIP, mw.geo)
+	var verdict restrict.Verdict
+	if types.IsOverlayOrigin(r.Context()) {
+		// Geo/CrowdSec checks don't apply over the WireGuard overlay:
+		// the source address is always inside the NetBird CGNAT range,
+		// which is never in a GeoIP database or a CrowdSec decision
+		// list. Enforcing them here would either no-op (best case) or
+		// fail-closed when the geo database is missing.
+		verdict = config.IPRestrictions.CheckCIDR(clientIP)
+	} else {
+		verdict = config.IPRestrictions.Check(clientIP, mw.geo)
+	}
 	if verdict == restrict.Allow {
 		return true
 	}
@@ -241,93 +321,189 @@ func (mw *Middleware) handleOAuthCallbackError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 
 // forwardWithSessionCookie checks for a valid session cookie and, if found,
 // sets the user identity on the request context and forwards to the next handler.
+// A signature-valid cookie is not on its own a grant: an OIDC session must also
+// carry a group the service allows, so a token cannot be replayed past the
+// group check that gated the login it came from.
 func (mw *Middleware) forwardWithSessionCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, host string, config DomainConfig, next http.Handler) bool {
 	cookie, err := r.Cookie(auth.SessionCookieName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
-	userID, method, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(cookie.Value, host, config.SessionPublicKey)
+	userID, email, method, groups, groupNames, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(cookie.Value, host, config.SessionPublicKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false
 	}
+
+	// Header auth is checked per request against the mapping's hashes and mints
+	// no session, so a header-method token can only predate that. Honouring it
+	// would keep a rotated credential working until the token expired.
+	if method == auth.MethodHeader.String() {
+		mw.logger.WithField("host", host).
+			Debug("ignoring header-auth session cookie; the header is required on every request")
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !sessionGroupsAllowed(config.AllowedGroups, auth.Method(method), groups) {
+		mw.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"host":    host,
+			"user_id": userID,
+		}).Debug("session cookie rejected: groups claim does not intersect the service's allowed groups")
+		return false
+	}
+
 	if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
 		cd.SetUserID(userID)
+		cd.SetUserEmail(email)
+		cd.SetUserGroups(groups)
+		cd.SetUserGroupNames(groupNames)
 		cd.SetAuthMethod(method)
 	}
 	next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	return true
 }
 
+// forwardWithTunnelPeer is the OIDC fast-path for requests originating on the
+// netbird mesh. When the source IP belongs to a private/CGNAT range the proxy
+// asks management to resolve it to a peer/user and to gate by the service's
+// distribution_groups. On success the proxy installs the freshly minted JWT
+// as a session cookie, sets UserID + Method=oidc on the captured data, and
+// forwards directly — operators see the same access-log shape as if the user
+// had completed an OIDC redirect. Any failure (private-range mismatch,
+// management unreachable, peer unknown, user not in group) returns false so
+// the caller falls back to the existing OIDC scheme dispatch.
+//
+// The fast-path is gated on TunnelLookupFromContext(r.Context()) being
+// present — that context value is attached only by the per-account
+// inbound (overlay) listener. The host listener never sets it, so a
+// public client whose source IP happens to fall inside an RFC1918 / ULA
+// / CGNAT range can't impersonate a mesh peer by colliding with a
+// tunnel-IP. Once we know the request arrived over WireGuard the
+// per-account peerstore lookup is consulted: a miss denies fast (no
+// management round-trip), a hit gates the cached ValidateTunnelPeer RPC
+// that mints the session JWT.
+func (mw *Middleware) forwardWithTunnelPeer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, host string, config DomainConfig, next http.Handler) bool {
+	if mw.sessionValidator == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	clientIP := mw.resolveClientIP(r)
+	if !clientIP.IsValid() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Anti-spoof: only honour the tunnel-peer fast-path on requests that
+	// were stamped by an overlay listener. Without that marker an
+	// attacker could send a request from a colliding RFC1918 / CGNAT
+	// source on the public listener and bypass operator auth.
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFromContext(r.Context())
+	if lookup == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !isTunnelSourceIP(clientIP) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if _, ok := lookup(clientIP); !ok {
+		mw.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+			"host":   host,
+			"remote": clientIP,
+		}).Debug("local peerstore: tunnel IP not in account roster; denying without RPC")
+		return false
+	}
+
+	resp, _, err := mw.tunnelCache.fetch(r.Context(), tunnelCacheKey{
+		accountID: config.AccountID,
+		tunnelIP:  clientIP,
+		domain:    host,
+	}, mw.validateTunnelPeer)
+	if err != nil {
+		mw.logger.WithError(err).Debug("ValidateTunnelPeer failed; falling back to OIDC")
+		return false
+	}
+	if !resp.GetValid() || resp.GetSessionToken() == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	setSessionCookie(w, resp.GetSessionToken(), config.SessionExpiration)
+	if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
+		cd.SetOrigin(proxy.OriginAuth)
+		cd.SetUserID(resp.GetUserId())
+		cd.SetUserEmail(resp.GetUserEmail())
+		cd.SetUserGroups(resp.GetPeerGroupIds())
+		cd.SetUserGroupNames(resp.GetPeerGroupNames())
+		cd.SetAuthMethod(auth.MethodOIDC.String())
+	}
+	next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	return true
+}
+
+// validateTunnelPeer adapts the SessionValidator interface to the cache's
+// validateTunnelPeerFn signature.
+func (mw *Middleware) validateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	return mw.sessionValidator.ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx, req)
+}
+
+// cgnatPrefix covers RFC 6598 100.64.0.0/10, the CGNAT block NetBird
+// allocates tunnel addresses from by default. IsPrivate() doesn't include
+// it, so we check it explicitly.
+var cgnatPrefix = netip.MustParsePrefix("100.64.0.0/10")
+
+// isTunnelSourceIP reports whether ip falls within an address range typical
+// of NetBird tunnels: RFC1918 private space, IPv6 ULA, or CGNAT 100.64/10
+// (NetBird's default range). Loopback and link-local are excluded — the
+// fast-path is meant for peer-to-peer mesh traffic, not localhost.
+func isTunnelSourceIP(ip netip.Addr) bool {
+	if !ip.IsValid() || ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
+		return false
+	}
+	if ip.IsPrivate() {
+		return true
+	}
+	return cgnatPrefix.Contains(ip)
+}
+
 // forwardWithHeaderAuth checks for a Header auth scheme. If the header validates,
 // the request is forwarded directly (no redirect), which is important for API clients.
-func (mw *Middleware) forwardWithHeaderAuth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, host string, config DomainConfig, next http.Handler) bool {
+func (mw *Middleware) forwardWithHeaderAuth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, config DomainConfig, next http.Handler) bool {
+	var presented []string
 	for _, scheme := range config.Schemes {
 		hdr, ok := scheme.(Header)
 		if !ok {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		handled := mw.tryHeaderScheme(w, r, host, config, hdr, next)
-		if handled {
+		present, matched, unusable := hdr.Verify(r)
+		if matched {
+			if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
+				cd.SetUserID(auth.HeaderUserID)
+				cd.SetAuthMethod(auth.MethodHeader.String())
+			}
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 			return true
 		}
+		if unusable != nil {
+			mw.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+				"host":   r.Host,
+				"header": hdr.headerName,
+			}).WithError(unusable).Error("header auth: a configured hash cannot be decoded, so this header can never authenticate; re-save the service")
+		}
+		if present {
+			presented = append(presented, hdr.headerName)
+		}
 	}
-	return false
-}
 
-func (mw *Middleware) tryHeaderScheme(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, host string, config DomainConfig, hdr Header, next http.Handler) bool {
-	token, _, err := hdr.Authenticate(r)
-	if err != nil {
-		return mw.handleHeaderAuthError(w, r, err)
-	}
-	if token == "" {
+	if len(presented) == 0 {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	result, err := mw.validateSessionToken(r.Context(), host, token, config.SessionPublicKey, auth.MethodHeader)
-	if err != nil {
-		setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), "")
-		status := http.StatusBadRequest
-		msg := "invalid session token"
-		if errors.Is(err, errValidationUnavailable) {
-			status = http.StatusBadGateway
-			msg = "authentication service unavailable"
-		}
-		http.Error(w, msg, status)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	if !result.Valid {
-		setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), result.UserID)
-		http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
-		return true
-	}
-
-	setSessionCookie(w, token, config.SessionExpiration)
-	if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
-		cd.SetUserID(result.UserID)
-		cd.SetAuthMethod(auth.MethodHeader.String())
-	}
-
-	next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	mw.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"host":    r.Host,
+		"headers": presented,
+	}).Debug("header auth rejected: no presented header matched a configured hash")
+	setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), "", "", nil, nil)
+	http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
 	return true
 }
 
-func (mw *Middleware) handleHeaderAuthError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, err error) bool {
-	if errors.Is(err, ErrHeaderAuthFailed) {
-		setHeaderCapturedData(r.Context(), "")
-		http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
-		return true
-	}
-	mw.logger.WithField("scheme", "header").Warnf("header auth infrastructure error: %v", err)
-	if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
-		cd.SetOrigin(proxy.OriginAuth)
-	}
-	http.Error(w, "authentication service unavailable", http.StatusBadGateway)
-	return true
-}
-
-func setHeaderCapturedData(ctx context.Context, userID string) {
+func setHeaderCapturedData(ctx context.Context, userID, userEmail string, groups, groupNames []string) {
 	cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(ctx)
 	if cd == nil {
 		return
@@ -335,6 +511,9 @@ func setHeaderCapturedData(ctx context.Context, userID string) {
 	cd.SetOrigin(proxy.OriginAuth)
 	cd.SetAuthMethod(auth.MethodHeader.String())
 	cd.SetUserID(userID)
+	cd.SetUserEmail(userEmail)
+	cd.SetUserGroups(groups)
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames(groupNames)
 }
 
 // authenticateWithSchemes tries each configured auth scheme in order.
@@ -405,6 +584,9 @@ func (mw *Middleware) handleAuthenticatedToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 		if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
 			cd.SetOrigin(proxy.OriginAuth)
 			cd.SetUserID(result.UserID)
+			cd.SetUserEmail(result.UserEmail)
+			cd.SetUserGroups(result.Groups)
+			cd.SetUserGroupNames(result.GroupNames)
 			cd.SetAuthMethod(scheme.Type().String())
 			requestID = cd.GetRequestID()
 		}
@@ -419,6 +601,9 @@ func (mw *Middleware) handleAuthenticatedToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Re
 	if cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
 		cd.SetOrigin(proxy.OriginAuth)
 		cd.SetUserID(result.UserID)
+		cd.SetUserEmail(result.UserEmail)
+		cd.SetUserGroups(result.Groups)
+		cd.SetUserGroupNames(result.GroupNames)
 		cd.SetAuthMethod(scheme.Type().String())
 	}
 	redirectURL := stripSessionTokenParam(r.URL)
@@ -433,6 +618,7 @@ func setSessionCookie(w http.ResponseWriter, token string, expiration time.Durat
 	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
 		Name:     auth.SessionCookieName,
 		Value:    token,
+		Path:     "/",
 		HttpOnly: true,
 		Secure:   true,
 		SameSite: http.SameSiteLaxMode,
@@ -453,12 +639,10 @@ func wasCredentialSubmitted(r *http.Request, method auth.Method) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-// AddDomain registers authentication schemes for the given domain.
-// If schemes are provided, a valid session public key is required to sign/verify
-// session JWTs. Returns an error if the key is missing or invalid.
-// Callers must not serve the domain if this returns an error, to avoid
-// exposing an unauthenticated service.
-func (mw *Middleware) AddDomain(domain string, schemes []Scheme, publicKeyB64 string, expiration time.Duration, accountID types.AccountID, serviceID types.ServiceID, ipRestrictions *restrict.Filter) error {
+// AddDomain registers authentication schemes for the given domain. With schemes a valid session public key is required.
+// private=true forces ValidateTunnelPeer enforcement (403 on failure) regardless of the schemes list.
+// allowedGroups restricts OIDC sessions to the given group ids; empty means unrestricted.
+func (mw *Middleware) AddDomain(domain string, schemes []Scheme, publicKeyB64 string, expiration time.Duration, accountID types.AccountID, serviceID types.ServiceID, ipRestrictions *restrict.Filter, private bool, allowedGroups []string) error {
 	if len(schemes) == 0 {
 		mw.domainsMux.Lock()
 		defer mw.domainsMux.Unlock()
@@ -466,6 +650,8 @@ func (mw *Middleware) AddDomain(domain string, schemes []Scheme, publicKeyB64 st
 			AccountID:      accountID,
 			ServiceID:      serviceID,
 			IPRestrictions: ipRestrictions,
+			Private:        private,
+			AllowedGroups:  groupSet(allowedGroups),
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -487,6 +673,8 @@ func (mw *Middleware) AddDomain(domain string, schemes []Scheme, publicKeyB64 st
 		AccountID:         accountID,
 		ServiceID:         serviceID,
 		IPRestrictions:    ipRestrictions,
+		Private:           private,
+		AllowedGroups:     groupSet(allowedGroups),
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -517,18 +705,69 @@ func (mw *Middleware) validateSessionToken(ctx context.Context, host, token stri
 			}).Debug("Session validation denied")
 			return &validationResult{
 				UserID:       resp.UserId,
+				UserEmail:    resp.GetUserEmail(),
 				Valid:        false,
 				DeniedReason: resp.DeniedReason,
 			}, nil
 		}
-		return &validationResult{UserID: resp.UserId, Valid: true}, nil
+		return &validationResult{
+			UserID:     resp.UserId,
+			UserEmail:  resp.GetUserEmail(),
+			Valid:      true,
+			Groups:     resp.GetPeerGroupIds(),
+			GroupNames: resp.GetPeerGroupNames(),
+		}, nil
 	}
 
-	userID, _, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(token, host, publicKey)
+	userID, email, _, groups, groupNames, err := auth.ValidateSessionJWT(token, host, publicKey)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &validationResult{UserID: userID, Valid: true}, nil
+	return &validationResult{UserID: userID, UserEmail: email, Valid: true, Groups: groups, GroupNames: groupNames}, nil
+}
+
+// groupSet builds the lookup set the cookie path consults, returning nil for an
+// empty list so callers can test membership restriction with len().
+func groupSet(groups []string) map[string]struct{} {
+	if len(groups) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	set := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groups))
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		if g != "" {
+			set[g] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(set) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return set
+}
+
+// sessionGroupsAllowed reports whether a session token's groups claim satisfies
+// the service's allowed groups. Only OIDC sessions are gated: password, PIN and
+// header credentials carry no group identity and are authorised by the secret
+// itself, which mirrors how management validates them. A token minted before the
+// groups claim existed carries none and is therefore denied on a group-restricted
+// service, which sends the user back through login for a fresh decision. A method
+// this build doesn't know carries no such argument, so it is denied.
+func sessionGroupsAllowed(allowed map[string]struct{}, method auth.Method, groups []string) bool {
+	if len(allowed) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	switch method {
+	case auth.MethodPassword, auth.MethodPIN, auth.MethodHeader:
+		return true
+	case auth.MethodOIDC:
+		for _, g := range groups {
+			if _, ok := allowed[g]; ok {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
 }
 
 // stripSessionTokenParam returns the request URI with the session_token query
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go
index 16d09800c..f1242f95e 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/middleware_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/ed25519"
 	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	logtest "github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
@@ -23,6 +25,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/restrict"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/hash/argon2id"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_ValidKey(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	mw.domainsMux.RLock()
@@ -79,7 +83,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_EmptyKey(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid session public key size")
 
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_InvalidBase64(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "not-valid-base64!!!", time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "not-valid-base64!!!", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "decode session public key")
 
@@ -108,7 +112,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_WrongKeySize(t *testing.T) {
 
 	shortKey := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("tooshort"))
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, shortKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, shortKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid session public key size")
 
@@ -121,7 +125,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_WrongKeySize(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAddDomain_NoSchemes_NoKeyRequired(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "domains with no auth schemes should not require a key")
 
 	mw.domainsMux.RLock()
@@ -137,8 +141,8 @@ func TestAddDomain_OverwritesPreviousConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
 
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp1.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp2.PublicKey, 2*time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp1.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp2.PublicKey, 2*time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	mw.domainsMux.RLock()
 	config := mw.domains["example.com"]
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@ func TestRemoveDomain(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	mw.RemoveDomain("example.com")
 
@@ -178,7 +182,7 @@ func TestProtect_UnknownDomainPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestProtect_DomainWithNoSchemesPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
@@ -195,7 +199,7 @@ func TestProtect_UnauthenticatedRequestIsBlocked(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	backend := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -216,7 +220,7 @@ func TestProtect_HostWithPortIsMatched(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	backend := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -237,9 +241,9 @@ func TestProtect_ValidSessionCookiePassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
@@ -262,15 +266,151 @@ func TestProtect_ValidSessionCookiePassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "authenticated", rec.Body.String())
 }
 
+// TestProtect_SessionCookieGroupsPropagate verifies the cookie path lifts the
+// JWT's groups claim into CapturedData so policy-aware middlewares can
+// authorise without an extra management round-trip.
+func TestProtect_SessionCookieGroupsPropagate(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
+
+	groups := []string{"engineering", "sre"}
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, groups, nil, time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		cd := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context())
+		require.NotNil(t, cd, "captured data must be present in request context")
+		assert.Equal(t, "test-user", cd.GetUserID())
+		assert.Equal(t, groups, cd.GetUserGroups(), "JWT groups claim must propagate to CapturedData")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req = req.WithContext(proxy.WithCapturedData(req.Context(), capturedData))
+	req.AddCookie(&http.Cookie{Name: auth.SessionCookieName, Value: token})
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "request with valid groups-bearing cookie must succeed")
+	assert.Equal(t, groups, capturedData.GetUserGroups(), "CapturedData groups must be retained after handler completes")
+}
+
+// stubTunnelValidator implements SessionValidator for the tunnel-peer
+// path. ValidateTunnelPeer returns a fixed response so tests can assert
+// how the proxy maps it onto CapturedData, and records whether the
+// fast-path actually reached management.
+type stubTunnelValidator struct {
+	called bool
+	resp   *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+}
+
+func (s *stubTunnelValidator) ValidateSession(context.Context, *proto.ValidateSessionRequest, ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateSessionResponse, error) {
+	return nil, errors.New("not used in this test")
+}
+
+func (s *stubTunnelValidator) ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Context, *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	s.called = true
+	return s.resp, nil
+}
+
+// TestProtect_PrivateService_TunnelPeerGroupsPropagate locks the agent-network
+// auth path end-to-end at the proxy edge: a Private service must route through
+// ValidateTunnelPeer and lift the returned peer_group_ids onto CapturedData so
+// the llm_router group-authorisation pass can see them. Regression guard for
+// the failure that surfaces downstream as llm_policy.no_authorised_provider —
+// i.e. a synthesised service that reaches the proxy without private=true (so
+// this path is skipped) leaves UserGroups empty and every request is denied.
+func TestProtect_PrivateService_TunnelPeerGroupsPropagate(t *testing.T) {
+	groups := []string{"grp-admins", "grp-users"}
+	names := []string{"Admins", "Users"}
+	validator := &stubTunnelValidator{resp: &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+		Valid:          true,
+		UserId:         "user-1",
+		UserEmail:      "user@example.com",
+		SessionToken:   "tunnel-session-token",
+		PeerGroupIds:   groups,
+		PeerGroupNames: names,
+	}}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), validator, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	// Private service: no operator schemes — auth gates solely on the tunnel peer.
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("agent.example.com", nil, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, true, nil))
+
+	cd := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
+	cd.SetClientIP(netip.MustParseAddr("100.90.1.14")) // CGNAT tunnel source
+
+	var seenGroups []string
+	var seenUser string
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		c := proxy.CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context())
+		require.NotNil(t, c, "captured data must be present in request context")
+		seenGroups = c.GetUserGroups()
+		seenUser = c.GetUserID()
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://agent.example.com/v1/chat/completions", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.90.1.14:5000"
+	req = req.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(proxy.WithCapturedData(req.Context(), cd), lookup))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "private service must authorise a tunnel peer the validator accepts")
+	assert.Equal(t, groups, seenGroups, "ValidateTunnelPeer peer_group_ids must reach CapturedData.UserGroups for llm_router authorisation")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-1", seenUser, "tunnel-peer principal must reach CapturedData")
+	assert.Equal(t, groups, cd.GetUserGroups(), "groups must persist on CapturedData after the handler returns")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_PrivateService_TunnelPeerDenied verifies the deny path: when
+// ValidateTunnelPeer rejects the peer, a Private service 403s and never reaches
+// the upstream handler (no fall-through to unauthenticated pass-through).
+func TestProtect_PrivateService_TunnelPeerDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubTunnelValidator{resp: &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+		Valid:        false,
+		DeniedReason: "not_in_group",
+	}}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), validator, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("agent.example.com", nil, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, true, nil))
+
+	cd := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
+	cd.SetClientIP(netip.MustParseAddr("100.90.1.14"))
+
+	reached := false
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		reached = true
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://agent.example.com/v1/chat/completions", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.90.1.14:5000"
+	req = req.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(proxy.WithCapturedData(req.Context(), cd), lookup))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, rec.Code, "private service must 403 when the tunnel peer is rejected")
+	assert.False(t, reached, "denied private request must not reach the upstream handler")
+}
+
 func TestProtect_ExpiredSessionCookieIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	// Sign a token that expired 1 second ago.
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, -time.Second)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, -time.Second)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	var backendCalled bool
@@ -293,10 +433,10 @@ func TestProtect_WrongDomainCookieIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	// Token signed for a different domain audience.
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "other.com", auth.MethodPIN, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "other.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	var backendCalled bool
@@ -320,10 +460,10 @@ func TestProtect_WrongKeyCookieIsRejected(t *testing.T) {
 	kp2 := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp1.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp1.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	// Token signed with a different private key.
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp2.PrivateKey, "test-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp2.PrivateKey, "test-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	var backendCalled bool
@@ -345,7 +485,7 @@ func TestProtect_SchemeAuthRedirectsWithCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "pin-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "pin-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{
@@ -357,7 +497,7 @@ func TestProtect_SchemeAuthRedirectsWithCookie(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	backend := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -391,6 +531,15 @@ func TestProtect_SchemeAuthRedirectsWithCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.SameSiteLaxMode, sessionCookie.SameSite)
 }
 
+func TestSetSessionCookieHasRootPath(t *testing.T) {
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	setSessionCookie(w, "test-token", time.Hour)
+
+	cookies := w.Result().Cookies()
+	require.Len(t, cookies, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/", cookies[0].Path, "session cookie must be scoped to root so it applies to all paths")
+}
+
 func TestProtect_FailedAuthDoesNotSetCookie(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
@@ -401,7 +550,7 @@ func TestProtect_FailedAuthDoesNotSetCookie(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
@@ -418,7 +567,7 @@ func TestProtect_MultipleSchemes(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "password-user", "example.com", auth.MethodPassword, time.Hour)
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "password-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPassword, nil, nil, time.Hour)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// First scheme (PIN) always fails, second scheme (password) succeeds.
@@ -437,7 +586,7 @@ func TestProtect_MultipleSchemes(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "password", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{pinScheme, passwordScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{pinScheme, passwordScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	backend := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -467,7 +616,7 @@ func TestProtect_InvalidTokenFromSchemeReturns400(t *testing.T) {
 			return "invalid-jwt-token", "", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
@@ -491,7 +640,7 @@ func TestAddDomain_RandomBytes32NotEd25519(t *testing.T) {
 	key := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(randomBytes)
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
 
-	err = mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, key, time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err = mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, key, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err, "any 32-byte key should be accepted at registration time")
 }
 
@@ -500,10 +649,10 @@ func TestAddDomain_InvalidKeyDoesNotCorruptExistingConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
 	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	// Attempt to overwrite with an invalid key.
-	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "bad", time.Hour, "", "", nil)
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, "bad", time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil)
 	require.Error(t, err)
 
 	// The original valid config should still be intact.
@@ -527,7 +676,7 @@ func TestProtect_FailedPinAuthCapturesAuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
@@ -554,7 +703,7 @@ func TestProtect_FailedPasswordAuthCapturesAuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "password", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
@@ -581,7 +730,7 @@ func TestProtect_NoCredentialsDoesNotCaptureAuthMethod(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
@@ -669,7 +818,7 @@ func TestCheckIPRestrictions_UnparseableAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
-		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"10.0.0.0/8"}}))
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"10.0.0.0/8"}}), false, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -705,7 +854,7 @@ func TestCheckIPRestrictions_UsesCapturedDataClientIP(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
-		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"203.0.113.0/24"}}))
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"203.0.113.0/24"}}), false, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -746,7 +895,7 @@ func TestCheckIPRestrictions_NilGeoWithCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 
 	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
-		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCountries: []string{"US"}}))
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCountries: []string{"US"}}), false, nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -761,6 +910,69 @@ func TestCheckIPRestrictions_NilGeoWithCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, rr.Code, "country restrictions with nil geo must deny")
 }
 
+// TestCheckIPRestrictions_OverlayOriginSkipsCountryRules covers the
+// inbound (WG) listener path: requests stamped with WithOverlayOrigin
+// must skip country lookups, even when no geo database is configured.
+// Without this short-circuit the inbound flow would fail-closed for
+// every overlay request whenever country rules are configured.
+func TestCheckIPRestrictions_OverlayOriginSkipsCountryRules(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{
+			AllowedCIDRs:     []string{"100.64.0.0/10"},
+			AllowedCountries: []string{"US"},
+		}), false, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.5.6:5000"
+	req.Host = "example.com"
+	req = req.WithContext(types.WithOverlayOrigin(req.Context()))
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rr.Code,
+		"overlay-origin requests must not be denied by country rules they would fail without geo data")
+
+	// Sanity check: the same filter without the overlay flag denies (no geo,
+	// country allowlist active → DenyGeoUnavailable).
+	req2 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req2.RemoteAddr = "100.64.5.6:5000"
+	req2.Host = "example.com"
+	rr2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr2, req2)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, rr2.Code,
+		"WAN-origin requests must still hit the full Check path and be denied without geo data")
+}
+
+// TestCheckIPRestrictions_OverlayOriginRespectsCIDR confirms CIDR
+// rules still apply on the overlay path so operators retain a way to
+// scope private services to specific peer subnets.
+func TestCheckIPRestrictions_OverlayOriginRespectsCIDR(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+
+	err := mw.AddDomain("example.com", nil, "", 0, "acc1", "svc1",
+		restrict.ParseFilter(restrict.FilterConfig{AllowedCIDRs: []string{"100.64.0.0/16"}}), false, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.65.5.6:5000" // outside 100.64.0.0/16
+	req.Host = "example.com"
+	req = req.WithContext(types.WithOverlayOrigin(req.Context()))
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rr, req)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, rr.Code,
+		"CIDR rules must still apply on the overlay path")
+}
+
 func TestProtect_OIDCOnlyRedirectsDirectly(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
@@ -772,11 +984,12 @@ func TestProtect_OIDCOnlyRedirectsDirectly(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", oidcURL, nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://example.com/", nil)
+	req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{}
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 
@@ -800,50 +1013,37 @@ func TestProtect_OIDCWithOtherMethodShowsLoginPage(t *testing.T) {
 			return "", "pin", nil
 		},
 	}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{oidcScheme, pinScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{oidcScheme, pinScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://example.com/", nil)
+	req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{}
 	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code, "should show login page when multiple methods exist")
 }
 
-// mockAuthenticator is a minimal mock for the authenticator gRPC interface
-// used by the Header scheme.
-type mockAuthenticator struct {
-	fn func(ctx context.Context, req *proto.AuthenticateRequest) (*proto.AuthenticateResponse, error)
-}
-
-func (m *mockAuthenticator) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, in *proto.AuthenticateRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.AuthenticateResponse, error) {
-	return m.fn(ctx, in)
-}
-
-// newHeaderSchemeWithToken creates a Header scheme backed by a mock that
-// returns a signed session token when the expected header value is provided.
-func newHeaderSchemeWithToken(t *testing.T, kp *sessionkey.KeyPair, headerName, expectedValue string) Header {
+// newHeaderScheme creates a Header scheme accepting each of the given values,
+// hashed the way management hashes them before putting them on the mapping.
+func newHeaderScheme(t *testing.T, headerName string, acceptedValues ...string) Header {
 	t.Helper()
-	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "header-user", "example.com", auth.MethodHeader, time.Hour)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	mock := &mockAuthenticator{fn: func(_ context.Context, req *proto.AuthenticateRequest) (*proto.AuthenticateResponse, error) {
-		ha := req.GetHeaderAuth()
-		if ha != nil && ha.GetHeaderValue() == expectedValue {
-			return &proto.AuthenticateResponse{Success: true, SessionToken: token}, nil
-		}
-		return &proto.AuthenticateResponse{Success: false}, nil
-	}}
-	return NewHeader(mock, "svc1", "acc1", headerName)
+	hashes := make([]string, 0, len(acceptedValues))
+	for _, v := range acceptedValues {
+		hash, err := argon2id.Hash(v)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "hashing an accepted header value must succeed")
+		hashes = append(hashes, hash)
+	}
+	return NewHeader(headerName, hashes)
 }
 
 func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_ForwardsOnSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
-	hdr := newHeaderSchemeWithToken(t, kp, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	hdr := newHeaderScheme(t, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
@@ -863,19 +1063,12 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_ForwardsOnSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "ok", rec.Body.String())
 
-	// Session cookie should be set.
-	var sessionCookie *http.Cookie
+	// The credential rides on every request, so no session cookie is issued.
 	for _, c := range rec.Result().Cookies() {
-		if c.Name == auth.SessionCookieName {
-			sessionCookie = c
-			break
-		}
+		assert.NotEqual(t, auth.SessionCookieName, c.Name, "header auth must not issue a session cookie")
 	}
-	require.NotNil(t, sessionCookie, "session cookie should be set after successful header auth")
-	assert.True(t, sessionCookie.HttpOnly)
-	assert.True(t, sessionCookie.Secure)
 
-	assert.Equal(t, "header-user", capturedData.GetUserID())
+	assert.Equal(t, auth.HeaderUserID, capturedData.GetUserID())
 	assert.Equal(t, "header", capturedData.GetAuthMethod())
 }
 
@@ -883,10 +1076,10 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MissingHeaderFallsThrough(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
-	hdr := newHeaderSchemeWithToken(t, kp, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
+	hdr := newHeaderScheme(t, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
 	// Also add a PIN scheme so we can verify fallthrough behavior.
 	pinScheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr, pinScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr, pinScheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
 
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
 
@@ -902,11 +1095,8 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_WrongValueReturns401(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
-	mock := &mockAuthenticator{fn: func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.AuthenticateRequest) (*proto.AuthenticateResponse, error) {
-		return &proto.AuthenticateResponse{Success: false}, nil
-	}}
-	hdr := NewHeader(mock, "svc1", "acc1", "X-API-Key")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	hdr := newHeaderScheme(t, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
 
 	capturedData := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
 	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
@@ -919,94 +1109,283 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_WrongValueReturns401(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code)
 	assert.Equal(t, "header", capturedData.GetAuthMethod())
+	assert.Empty(t, hdr.verified.seen, "a rejected value must not be memoized")
 }
 
-func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_InfraErrorReturns502(t *testing.T) {
+// TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MatchesAnyConfiguredHeader covers a client that carries
+// a valid credential on one configured header while also sending an unrelated
+// value on another — an app-level Authorization alongside an API key, say.
+// Schemes OR across header names, so the valid credential admits the request no
+// matter which order the mapping happened to list the headers in.
+func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MatchesAnyConfiguredHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		matchedLast bool
+	}{
+		{name: "unmatched header listed first", matchedLast: true},
+		{name: "matched header listed first", matchedLast: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+			kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+			authz := newHeaderScheme(t, "Authorization", "Bearer proxy-secret")
+			apiKey := newHeaderScheme(t, "X-Api-Key", "secret-key")
+			schemes := []Scheme{apiKey, authz}
+			if tt.matchedLast {
+				schemes = []Scheme{authz, apiKey}
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", schemes, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
+
+			var backendCalled bool
+			handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+				backendCalled = true
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			}))
+
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+			req.Header.Set("X-Api-Key", "secret-key")
+			req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer app-level-token")
+			rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+			assert.True(t, backendCalled, "a valid credential on one header must admit the request")
+			assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProtect_HeaderAuth_RejectsWhenEveryPresentedHeaderFails is the other half
+// of the OR: trying all schemes before rejecting must not turn into admitting a
+// request that satisfied none of them.
+func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_RejectsWhenEveryPresentedHeaderFails(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
-	mock := &mockAuthenticator{fn: func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.AuthenticateRequest) (*proto.AuthenticateResponse, error) {
-		return nil, errors.New("gRPC unavailable")
-	}}
-	hdr := NewHeader(mock, "svc1", "acc1", "X-API-Key")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
-
-	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
-
-	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
-	req.Header.Set("X-API-Key", "some-key")
-	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
-	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
-
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadGateway, rec.Code)
-}
-
-func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_SubsequentRequestUsesSessionCookie(t *testing.T) {
-	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
-	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
-
-	hdr := newHeaderSchemeWithToken(t, kp, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	authz := newHeaderScheme(t, "Authorization", "Bearer proxy-secret")
+	apiKey := newHeaderScheme(t, "X-Api-Key", "secret-key")
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{authz, apiKey}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
 
+	var backendCalled bool
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		backendCalled = true
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("X-Api-Key", "wrong-key")
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer wrong-token")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.False(t, backendCalled)
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code)
+}
+
+// TestProtect_HeaderAuth_ReportsUndecodableHash covers a stored hash the proxy
+// cannot decode. No credential can ever match it, so the header is permanently
+// unauthenticatable — an operator fault that has to surface loudly instead of
+// hiding behind the same quiet 401 a wrong credential earns.
+func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_ReportsUndecodableHash(t *testing.T) {
+	validHash, err := argon2id.Hash("secret-key")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		hashes     []string
+		wantErrLog bool
+	}{
+		{name: "stored hash cannot be decoded", hashes: []string{"$argon2id$v=19$garbage"}, wantErrLog: true},
+		{name: "wrong credential against a good hash", hashes: []string{validHash}, wantErrLog: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			logger, hook := logtest.NewNullLogger()
+			logger.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+			mw := NewMiddleware(logger, nil, nil)
+			kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+			require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{NewHeader("X-Api-Key", tt.hashes)},
+				kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
+
+			handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+			req.Header.Set("X-Api-Key", "wrong-key")
+			rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+			require.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code, "either way the request is denied")
+
+			var errored []string
+			for _, entry := range hook.AllEntries() {
+				if entry.Level == log.ErrorLevel {
+					errored = append(errored, entry.Message)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if !tt.wantErrLog {
+				assert.Empty(t, errored, "a wrong credential is not an operator fault")
+				return
+			}
+			require.Len(t, errored, 1, "an undecodable hash must be reported once")
+			assert.Contains(t, errored[0], "cannot be decoded")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProtect_HeaderAuth_NoHashesFailsClosed covers a mapping that names a
+// header but carries no hash for it: the check cannot be evaluated, so the
+// request must be denied rather than let through unauthenticated.
+func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_NoHashesFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	hdr := NewHeader("X-API-Key", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
+
+	var backendCalled bool
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		backendCalled = true
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("X-API-Key", "any-key")
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code)
+	assert.False(t, backendCalled, "a header auth with no hashes must not admit the request")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_HeaderAuth_SubsequentRequestRequiresHeader verifies that header
+// auth grants no ambient session: a follow-up request that drops the header is
+// treated as unauthenticated.
+func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_SubsequentRequestRequiresHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	hdr := newHeaderScheme(t, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
+
+	var backendCalls int
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		backendCalls++
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 	}))
 
-	// First request with header auth.
 	req1 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
 	req1.Header.Set("X-API-Key", "secret-key")
 	req1 = req1.WithContext(proxy.WithCapturedData(req1.Context(), proxy.NewCapturedData("")))
 	rec1 := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec1, req1)
 	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec1.Code)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, backendCalls)
 
-	// Extract session cookie.
-	var sessionCookie *http.Cookie
-	for _, c := range rec1.Result().Cookies() {
-		if c.Name == auth.SessionCookieName {
-			sessionCookie = c
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	require.NotNil(t, sessionCookie)
-
-	// Second request with only the session cookie (no header).
-	capturedData2 := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
+	// Same client, second request, header omitted: no cookie was handed out, so
+	// there is nothing to carry the earlier success forward.
 	req2 := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/other", nil)
-	req2.AddCookie(sessionCookie)
-	req2 = req2.WithContext(proxy.WithCapturedData(req2.Context(), capturedData2))
+	for _, c := range rec1.Result().Cookies() {
+		req2.AddCookie(c)
+	}
 	rec2 := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	handler.ServeHTTP(rec2, req2)
 
-	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec2.Code)
-	assert.Equal(t, "header-user", capturedData2.GetUserID())
-	assert.Equal(t, "header", capturedData2.GetAuthMethod())
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec2.Code, "dropping the header must revoke access")
+	assert.Equal(t, 1, backendCalls, "backend must not be reached without the header")
 }
 
-// TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MultipleValuesSameHeader verifies that the proxy
-// correctly handles multiple valid credentials for the same header name.
-// In production, the mgmt gRPC authenticateHeader iterates all configured
-// header auths and accepts if any hash matches (OR semantics). The proxy
-// creates one Header scheme per entry, but a single gRPC call checks all.
+// TestProtect_HeaderAuth_LegacySessionCookieIsIgnored covers the upgrade
+// window. Header auth used to mint a session token, so cookies with
+// method=header survive a proxy upgrade and stay signature-valid for their full
+// lifetime. They must not stand in for the header, or a credential rotated
+// right after the upgrade would keep working until every such token expired.
+func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_LegacySessionCookieIsIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	hdr := newHeaderScheme(t, "X-API-Key", "secret-key")
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
+
+	// A token management would have minted for header auth before the upgrade.
+	legacyToken, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, auth.HeaderUserID, "", "example.com", auth.MethodHeader, nil, nil, time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var backendCalls int
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		backendCalls++
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	t.Run("cookie alone is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+		req.AddCookie(&http.Cookie{Name: auth.SessionCookieName, Value: legacyToken})
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code, "a header-auth cookie must not authenticate on its own")
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, backendCalls, "backend must not be reached without the header")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("cookie does not block the header path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+		req.AddCookie(&http.Cookie{Name: auth.SessionCookieName, Value: legacyToken})
+		req.Header.Set("X-API-Key", "secret-key")
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "a client sending both must still be admitted by the header")
+		assert.Equal(t, 1, backendCalls)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestProtect_HeaderAuth_RepeatedValueIsMemoized verifies the KDF is run once
+// per distinct accepted value. argon2id is deliberately expensive, so a
+// credential that repeats on every request must not be re-derived each time.
+func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_RepeatedValueIsMemoized(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	hdr := newHeaderScheme(t, "X-API-Key", "key-a", "key-b")
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	get := func(value string) int {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+		req.Header.Set("X-API-Key", value)
+		rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+		return rec.Code
+	}
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, get("key-a"))
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, get("key-a"))
+	assert.Len(t, hdr.verified.seen, 1, "the same value must be memoized once")
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, get("key-b"))
+	assert.Len(t, hdr.verified.seen, 2, "each accepted value gets its own entry")
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, get("key-c"))
+	assert.Len(t, hdr.verified.seen, 2, "rejected values must not grow the set")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MultipleValuesSameHeader verifies that a service with
+// several accepted credentials for one header name accepts any of them.
+// Management applied these OR semantics while it still validated the value; the
+// proxy preserves them by carrying every hash for a name on one scheme.
 func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MultipleValuesSameHeader(t *testing.T) {
 	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
 	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
 
-	// Mock simulates mgmt behavior: accepts either token-a or token-b.
-	accepted := map[string]bool{"Bearer token-a": true, "Bearer token-b": true}
-	mock := &mockAuthenticator{fn: func(_ context.Context, req *proto.AuthenticateRequest) (*proto.AuthenticateResponse, error) {
-		ha := req.GetHeaderAuth()
-		if ha != nil && accepted[ha.GetHeaderValue()] {
-			token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "header-user", "example.com", auth.MethodHeader, time.Hour)
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			return &proto.AuthenticateResponse{Success: true, SessionToken: token}, nil
-		}
-		return &proto.AuthenticateResponse{Success: false}, nil
-	}}
-
-	// Single Header scheme (as if one entry existed), but the mock checks both values.
-	hdr := NewHeader(mock, "svc1", "acc1", "Authorization")
-	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil))
+	hdr := newHeaderScheme(t, "Authorization", "Bearer token-a", "Bearer token-b")
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{hdr}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acc1", "svc1", nil, false, nil))
 
 	var backendCalled bool
 	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
@@ -1050,3 +1429,145 @@ func TestProtect_HeaderAuth_MultipleValuesSameHeader(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.False(t, backendCalled, "unknown token should be rejected")
 	})
 }
+
+// TestProtect_OIDCOnPlainHTTP_BlockedWith400 verifies that when an OIDC
+// scheme is configured and the request arrived without TLS, the middleware
+// short-circuits with a 400 instead of dispatching to the IdP redirect.
+func TestProtect_OIDCOnPlainHTTP_BlockedWith400(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{
+		method: auth.MethodOIDC,
+		authFn: func(_ *http.Request) (string, string, error) {
+			return "", "https://idp.example.com/authorize", nil
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusBadRequest, rec.Code, "OIDC over plain HTTP should be rejected")
+	assert.Contains(t, rec.Body.String(), "OIDC requires TLS", "response body should explain the rejection")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_OIDCOverTLS_NotBlocked confirms the same configuration works
+// over TLS — the block only fires on plain HTTP.
+func TestProtect_OIDCOverTLS_NotBlocked(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{
+		method: auth.MethodOIDC,
+		authFn: func(_ *http.Request) (string, string, error) {
+			return "", "https://idp.example.com/authorize", nil
+		},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://example.com/", nil)
+	req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{}
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusFound, rec.Code, "OIDC over TLS should redirect to IdP")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_NonOIDCSchemes_PlainHTTP_NotBlocked confirms that the OIDC
+// block only fires when an OIDC scheme is configured. PIN-only domains
+// pass through normally on plain HTTP.
+func TestProtect_NonOIDCSchemes_PlainHTTP_NotBlocked(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code, "PIN-only domain should serve the login page on plain HTTP")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_TunnelPeerFastPath_RequiresInboundMarker guards the
+// anti-spoof gate: a request with an RFC1918 source IP arriving on the
+// public listener (no TunnelLookupFromContext attached) must not be
+// allowed to take the tunnel-peer fast-path. Without this gate a public
+// client whose source IP happens to fall inside an RFC1918 range could
+// bypass the configured auth scheme by colliding with a known tunnel
+// IP.
+func TestProtect_TunnelPeerFastPath_RequiresInboundMarker(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubTunnelValidator{
+		resp: &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        true,
+			SessionToken: "should-not-be-used",
+			UserId:       "user-1",
+		},
+	}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), validator, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	// Request from an RFC1918 source IP on the public listener — no
+	// TunnelLookupFromContext attached. The fast-path must reject this
+	// and fall through to the PIN scheme (which renders 401 on plain
+	// HTTP for a non-authenticated request).
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.5:5000"
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.False(t, validator.called,
+		"ValidateTunnelPeer must not be invoked when the request lacks the inbound TunnelLookup marker")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusUnauthorized, rec.Code,
+		"without the inbound marker the request must fall through to the operator auth scheme")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_TunnelPeerFastPath_TakesPathWithInboundMarker verifies
+// the positive side: a request marked as overlay-origin (carrying the
+// TunnelLookup context value) and matching a tunnel-IP range does take
+// the fast-path and reach management.
+func TestProtect_TunnelPeerFastPath_TakesPathWithInboundMarker(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubTunnelValidator{
+		resp: &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+			Valid:        true,
+			SessionToken: "tunnel-session-token",
+			UserId:       "user-1",
+		},
+	}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), validator, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "", "", nil, false, nil))
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.5:5000"
+	req = req.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(req.Context(), lookup))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.True(t, validator.called,
+		"ValidateTunnelPeer must run when the request carries the inbound TunnelLookup marker")
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code,
+		"a successful tunnel-peer validation must forward to the next handler")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/session_groups_test.go b/proxy/internal/auth/session_groups_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6635b812b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/session_groups_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/sessionkey"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// denyingSessionValidator mimics management for a user who completed OIDC login
+// but is outside the service's distribution groups: ValidateSession denies.
+type denyingSessionValidator struct {
+	calls int
+}
+
+func (d *denyingSessionValidator) ValidateSession(context.Context, *proto.ValidateSessionRequest, ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateSessionResponse, error) {
+	d.calls++
+	return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{Valid: false, UserId: "user-1", DeniedReason: "not_in_group"}, nil
+}
+
+func (d *denyingSessionValidator) ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Context, *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: false}, nil
+}
+
+// TestProtect_SelfInstalledCookieCannotBypassGroupCheck is the regression guard
+// for the group-authorisation bypass: a user denied at login still holds the raw
+// session token from the ?session_token= redirect, so pasting it into the
+// nb_session cookie must not buy access. The cookie path validated only the JWT
+// signature, which turned the token management had already refused into a bearer
+// credential for the service.
+func TestProtect_SelfInstalledCookieCannotBypassGroupCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &denyingSessionValidator{}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), validator, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	oidc := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodOIDC, authFn: func(r *http.Request) (string, string, error) {
+		return r.URL.Query().Get("session_token"), "https://idp.example/authorize", nil
+	}}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{oidc}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, false, []string{"grp-allowed"}))
+
+	// The token a denied user gets to see: validly signed for this service and
+	// domain, but carrying no group the service allows.
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "user-1", "john.doe@example.com", "example.com", auth.MethodOIDC, nil, nil, time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	backendHits := 0
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		backendHits++
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	t.Run("token in the callback URL is denied", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rec := serveWithCookie(t, handler, "https://example.com/?session_token="+token, nil)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, rec.Code, "group check must deny the login")
+		assert.Empty(t, rec.Result().Cookies(), "a denied login must not install a session cookie")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("same token pasted into the session cookie is denied", func(t *testing.T) {
+		rec := serveWithCookie(t, handler, "https://example.com/", &http.Cookie{Name: auth.SessionCookieName, Value: token})
+
+		assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "a self-installed cookie must not reach the backend")
+		assert.Equal(t, 0, backendHits, "backend must never be reached without an allowed group")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestProtect_SessionCookieWithAllowedGroupPassesThrough is the positive half of
+// the group gate: a member of an allowed group keeps the cookie fast-path, with
+// no management round-trip.
+func TestProtect_SessionCookieWithAllowedGroupPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &denyingSessionValidator{}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), validator, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	oidc := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodOIDC}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{oidc}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, false, []string{"grp-other", "grp-allowed"}))
+
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "user-2", "jane@example.com", "example.com", auth.MethodOIDC,
+		[]string{"grp-unrelated", "grp-allowed"}, []string{"Unrelated", "Allowed"}, time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+	rec := serveWithCookie(t, handler, "https://example.com/", &http.Cookie{Name: auth.SessionCookieName, Value: token})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "a cookie carrying an allowed group must pass through")
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, validator.calls, "the cookie fast-path must not call management")
+}
+
+// TestProtect_NonOIDCSessionCookieIgnoresGroupRestriction locks the scope of the
+// gate: PIN, password and header credentials carry no group identity and are
+// authorised by the secret itself, exactly as management validates them.
+func TestProtect_NonOIDCSessionCookieIgnoresGroupRestriction(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.StandardLogger(), nil, nil)
+	kp := generateTestKeyPair(t)
+
+	scheme := &stubScheme{method: auth.MethodPIN, promptID: "pin"}
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("example.com", []Scheme{scheme}, kp.PublicKey, time.Hour, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, false, []string{"grp-allowed"}))
+
+	token, err := sessionkey.SignToken(kp.PrivateKey, "pin-user", "", "example.com", auth.MethodPIN, nil, nil, time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	handler := mw.Protect(newPassthroughHandler())
+	rec := serveWithCookie(t, handler, "https://example.com/", &http.Cookie{Name: auth.SessionCookieName, Value: token})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code, "a PIN session must not be gated on OIDC group membership")
+}
+
+func TestSessionGroupsAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	allowed := groupSet([]string{"a", "b"})
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		allowed map[string]struct{}
+		method  auth.Method
+		groups  []string
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{"unrestricted service allows a groupless token", nil, auth.MethodOIDC, nil, true},
+		{"restricted service allows an intersecting token", allowed, auth.MethodOIDC, []string{"c", "b"}, true},
+		{"restricted service denies a disjoint token", allowed, auth.MethodOIDC, []string{"c"}, false},
+		{"restricted service denies a groupless token", allowed, auth.MethodOIDC, nil, false},
+		{"restricted service ignores a pin token", allowed, auth.MethodPIN, nil, true},
+		{"restricted service ignores a password token", allowed, auth.MethodPassword, nil, true},
+		{"restricted service ignores a header token", allowed, auth.MethodHeader, nil, true},
+		{"restricted service denies an unknown method", allowed, auth.Method("totp"), []string{"a"}, false},
+		{"restricted service denies a token with no method", allowed, auth.Method(""), []string{"a"}, false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, sessionGroupsAllowed(tc.allowed, tc.method, tc.groups))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGroupSetDropsEmptyEntries(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Nil(t, groupSet(nil), "no groups means unrestricted")
+	assert.Nil(t, groupSet([]string{"", ""}), "blank ids must not restrict access to nothing reachable")
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]struct{}{"a": {}}, groupSet([]string{"a", ""}))
+}
+
+// serveWithCookie drives the middleware over TLS with captured data attached,
+// optionally carrying a session cookie.
+func serveWithCookie(t *testing.T, handler http.Handler, url string, cookie *http.Cookie) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	t.Helper()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	req.TLS = &tls.ConnectionState{}
+	if cookie != nil {
+		req.AddCookie(cookie)
+	}
+	req = req.WithContext(proxy.WithCapturedData(req.Context(), proxy.NewCapturedData("")))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+	return rec
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache.go b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..185c53c62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache.go
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/singleflight"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// tunnelCacheTTL is the default cap on how long a positive ValidateTunnelPeer
+// result is reused before re-fetching from management. 5 minutes balances
+// freshness against management load on busy mesh networks. Override it with
+// envTunnelCacheTTL when an account needs authorization changes to take effect
+// sooner (at the cost of more ValidateTunnelPeer RPCs).
+const tunnelCacheTTL = 300 * time.Second
+
+// envTunnelCacheTTL overrides tunnelCacheTTL. The value is a Go duration string
+// (e.g. "30s", "2m"); an unset, unparseable, or non-positive value keeps the
+// default.
+const envTunnelCacheTTL = "NB_PROXY_TUNNEL_CACHE_TTL"
+
+// tunnelCachePerAccount caps the number of cached identities per account.
+// Bounded eviction avoids memory growth in pathological cases (huge peer
+// roster, brief request bursts) while staying generous for normal use.
+const tunnelCachePerAccount = 1024
+
+// tunnelCacheKey identifies a cached entry by tunnel IP and originating
+// account. Domain is part of the value, not the key, because the
+// management response is per (account, IP) — domain only gates whether a
+// re-fetch is needed if the operator is accessing a different service.
+type tunnelCacheKey struct {
+	accountID types.AccountID
+	tunnelIP  netip.Addr
+	domain    string
+}
+
+// tunnelCacheEntry stores a positive validation response with the time it
+// was minted. Entries past tunnelCacheTTL are treated as misses.
+type tunnelCacheEntry struct {
+	resp     *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+	cachedAt time.Time
+}
+
+// tunnelValidationCache memoizes ValidateTunnelPeer responses keyed by
+// (accountID, tunnelIP, domain). Only successful, valid responses are
+// cached — denials skip the cache so policy changes apply immediately.
+// Single-flight de-duplicates concurrent fetches for the same key so a
+// burst of cold requests collapses into a single RPC.
+type tunnelValidationCache struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	entries map[types.AccountID]*accountBucket
+	flight  singleflight.Group
+	ttl     time.Duration
+	maxSize int
+	now     func() time.Time
+}
+
+// accountBucket holds the cached entries for a single account, with a
+// FIFO eviction queue used when the bucket exceeds maxSize.
+type accountBucket struct {
+	items map[tunnelCacheKey]tunnelCacheEntry
+	order []tunnelCacheKey
+}
+
+// newTunnelValidationCache constructs a cache with the configured TTL
+// (envTunnelCacheTTL override or default) and default bounds.
+func newTunnelValidationCache() *tunnelValidationCache {
+	return &tunnelValidationCache{
+		entries: make(map[types.AccountID]*accountBucket),
+		ttl:     tunnelCacheTTLFromEnv(),
+		maxSize: tunnelCachePerAccount,
+		now:     time.Now,
+	}
+}
+
+// tunnelCacheTTLFromEnv returns the tunnel-cache TTL, honoring the
+// envTunnelCacheTTL override. The override must be a positive Go duration
+// string (e.g. "30s", "2m"); anything unset, unparseable, or non-positive
+// falls back to tunnelCacheTTL.
+func tunnelCacheTTLFromEnv() time.Duration {
+	raw := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(envTunnelCacheTTL))
+	if raw == "" {
+		return tunnelCacheTTL
+	}
+	d, err := time.ParseDuration(raw)
+	if err != nil || d <= 0 {
+		log.Warnf("ignoring invalid %s=%q (want a positive Go duration like 30s or 2m); using default %s",
+			envTunnelCacheTTL, raw, tunnelCacheTTL)
+		return tunnelCacheTTL
+	}
+	return d
+}
+
+// get returns a cached response for the key, or nil when missing or
+// expired. Expired entries are evicted lazily on read.
+func (c *tunnelValidationCache) get(key tunnelCacheKey) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	bucket, ok := c.entries[key.accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	entry, ok := bucket.items[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if c.now().Sub(entry.cachedAt) > c.ttl {
+		delete(bucket.items, key)
+		bucket.order = removeKey(bucket.order, key)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return entry.resp
+}
+
+// put records a positive response under the key. Evicts the oldest entry
+// in the account's bucket when the bound is exceeded.
+func (c *tunnelValidationCache) put(key tunnelCacheKey, resp *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	bucket, ok := c.entries[key.accountID]
+	if !ok {
+		bucket = &accountBucket{items: make(map[tunnelCacheKey]tunnelCacheEntry)}
+		c.entries[key.accountID] = bucket
+	}
+	if _, exists := bucket.items[key]; !exists {
+		bucket.order = append(bucket.order, key)
+	}
+	bucket.items[key] = tunnelCacheEntry{resp: resp, cachedAt: c.now()}
+
+	for len(bucket.order) > c.maxSize {
+		oldest := bucket.order[0]
+		bucket.order = bucket.order[1:]
+		delete(bucket.items, oldest)
+	}
+}
+
+// removeKey drops the first occurrence of needle from order. The cache
+// uses small slices so a linear scan is cheaper than a map+slice combo.
+func removeKey(order []tunnelCacheKey, needle tunnelCacheKey) []tunnelCacheKey {
+	for i, k := range order {
+		if k == needle {
+			return append(order[:i], order[i+1:]...)
+		}
+	}
+	return order
+}
+
+// flightKey turns a cache key into a single-flight string. AccountID and
+// IP isolation by themselves are insufficient because different domains
+// for the same peer/account may have different group access.
+func flightKey(key tunnelCacheKey) string {
+	return string(key.accountID) + "|" + key.tunnelIP.String() + "|" + key.domain
+}
+
+// validateTunnelPeerFn is the RPC entry point the cache wraps. It matches
+// the SessionValidator.ValidateTunnelPeer signature without exposing the
+// gRPC option variadic, since callers don't need it on the cache hot path.
+type validateTunnelPeerFn func(ctx context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error)
+
+// fetch returns a cached response when present, otherwise calls validate
+// under single-flight and caches the result. Denied responses pass
+// through but are not cached so policy changes apply immediately.
+func (c *tunnelValidationCache) fetch(ctx context.Context, key tunnelCacheKey, validate validateTunnelPeerFn) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, bool, error) {
+	if resp := c.get(key); resp != nil {
+		return resp, true, nil
+	}
+
+	flight := flightKey(key)
+	res, err, _ := c.flight.Do(flight, func() (any, error) {
+		if cached := c.get(key); cached != nil {
+			return cached, nil
+		}
+		resp, err := validate(ctx, &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest{
+			TunnelIp: key.tunnelIP.String(),
+			Domain:   key.domain,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if resp.GetValid() && resp.GetSessionToken() != "" {
+			c.put(key, resp)
+		}
+		return resp, nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false, err
+	}
+	resp, _ := res.(*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse)
+	return resp, false, nil
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache_test.go b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d663b91e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_cache_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func newTestKey(account types.AccountID, ip string, domain string) tunnelCacheKey {
+	return tunnelCacheKey{
+		accountID: account,
+		tunnelIP:  netip.MustParseAddr(ip),
+		domain:    domain,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_HitSkipsRPC(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	key := newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+
+	var calls int32
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user-1"}, nil
+	}
+
+	resp, fromCache, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp, "first fetch returns RPC response")
+	assert.False(t, fromCache, "first fetch must not be cached")
+
+	resp2, fromCache2, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, resp2, "second fetch returns cached response")
+	assert.True(t, fromCache2, "second fetch must be served from cache")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-1", resp2.GetUserId(), "cached response should preserve user identity")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "validate should run exactly once with one cache hit")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_ExpiredEntryRefetches(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	clock := time.Now()
+	cache.now = func() time.Time { return clock }
+
+	key := newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+	var calls int32
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok"}, nil
+	}
+
+	_, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "first fetch issues one RPC")
+
+	clock = clock.Add(tunnelCacheTTL + time.Second)
+
+	_, fromCache, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, fromCache, "expired entry must miss the cache")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(2), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "expired entry forces a re-fetch")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_DeniedResponseNotCached(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	key := newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+
+	var calls int32
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: false, DeniedReason: "not_in_group"}, nil
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		_, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "fetch must not error on denied response")
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(3), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "denied responses bypass the cache so policy changes apply immediately")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_ConcurrentColdHitsCoalesce(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	key := newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+
+	gate := make(chan struct{})
+	var calls int32
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+		<-gate
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok"}, nil
+	}
+
+	const workers = 16
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(workers)
+	results := make([]bool, workers)
+	for i := 0; i < workers; i++ {
+		go func(idx int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			resp, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), key, validate)
+			results[idx] = err == nil && resp.GetValid()
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(gate)
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	for i, ok := range results {
+		assert.Truef(t, ok, "worker %d should observe a successful response", i)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&calls), "single-flight must collapse concurrent cold fetches into one RPC")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_PerAccountIsolation(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	keyA := newTestKey("acct-a", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+	keyB := newTestKey("acct-b", "100.64.0.10", "svc.example")
+
+	var callsA, callsB int32
+	validateA := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&callsA, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok-a", UserId: "user-a"}, nil
+	}
+	validateB := func(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		atomic.AddInt32(&callsB, 1)
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok-b", UserId: "user-b"}, nil
+	}
+
+	respA, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), keyA, validateA)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	respB, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), keyB, validateB)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-a", respA.GetUserId(), "account A response should belong to user-a")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-b", respB.GetUserId(), "account B response must not be served from account A's cache")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&callsA), "validateA called exactly once")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), atomic.LoadInt32(&callsB), "validateB called exactly once")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCache_BoundedSizeEvictsOldest(t *testing.T) {
+	cache := newTunnelValidationCache()
+	cache.maxSize = 2
+
+	validate := func(_ context.Context, req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+		return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok-" + req.GetTunnelIp()}, nil
+	}
+
+	keys := []tunnelCacheKey{
+		newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.10", "svc"),
+		newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.11", "svc"),
+		newTestKey("acct-1", "100.64.0.12", "svc"),
+	}
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		_, _, err := cache.fetch(context.Background(), k, validate)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	assert.Nil(t, cache.get(keys[0]), "oldest key should be evicted past maxSize")
+	assert.NotNil(t, cache.get(keys[1]), "second-newest must remain cached")
+	assert.NotNil(t, cache.get(keys[2]), "newest must remain cached")
+}
+
+func TestTunnelCacheTTLFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("unset uses default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(envTunnelCacheTTL, "")
+		assert.Equal(t, tunnelCacheTTL, tunnelCacheTTLFromEnv())
+	})
+	t.Run("valid duration overrides", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(envTunnelCacheTTL, "45s")
+		assert.Equal(t, 45*time.Second, tunnelCacheTTLFromEnv())
+	})
+	t.Run("whitespace trimmed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(envTunnelCacheTTL, "  2m ")
+		assert.Equal(t, 2*time.Minute, tunnelCacheTTLFromEnv())
+	})
+	t.Run("unparseable uses default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(envTunnelCacheTTL, "nonsense")
+		assert.Equal(t, tunnelCacheTTL, tunnelCacheTTLFromEnv())
+	})
+	t.Run("non-positive uses default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(envTunnelCacheTTL, "0s")
+		assert.Equal(t, tunnelCacheTTL, tunnelCacheTTLFromEnv())
+		t.Setenv(envTunnelCacheTTL, "-30s")
+		assert.Equal(t, tunnelCacheTTL, tunnelCacheTTLFromEnv())
+	})
+	t.Run("constructor honors override", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(envTunnelCacheTTL, "90s")
+		assert.Equal(t, 90*time.Second, newTunnelValidationCache().ttl)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_lookup_test.go b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_lookup_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..066f5dc1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/auth/tunnel_lookup_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// stubSessionValidator records ValidateTunnelPeer calls and returns the
+// pre-canned response. Counts let tests assert RPC traffic.
+type stubSessionValidator struct {
+	respFn      func(req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+	respErr     error
+	tunnelCalls atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (s *stubSessionValidator) ValidateSession(_ context.Context, _ *proto.ValidateSessionRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateSessionResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.ValidateSessionResponse{Valid: false}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *stubSessionValidator) ValidateTunnelPeer(_ context.Context, in *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	s.tunnelCalls.Add(1)
+	if s.respErr != nil {
+		return nil, s.respErr
+	}
+	if s.respFn != nil {
+		return s.respFn(in), nil
+	}
+	return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: false}, nil
+}
+
+func newTunnelMiddleware(t *testing.T, validator SessionValidator) *Middleware {
+	t.Helper()
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.New(), validator, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("svc.example", nil, "", 0, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, false, nil))
+	return mw
+}
+
+func newTunnelRequest(remoteAddr string) (*httptest.ResponseRecorder, *http.Request) {
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://svc.example/", nil)
+	r.Host = "svc.example"
+	r.RemoteAddr = remoteAddr
+	return w, r
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupUnknownIPDeniesFast verifies the
+// short-circuit: a tunnel IP not in the account's roster never reaches
+// management's ValidateTunnelPeer.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupUnknownIPDeniesFast(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, false
+	})
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest("100.64.0.99:55555")
+	r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+
+	called := false
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { called = true })
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+
+	assert.False(t, handled, "unknown peer must fall through, not forward")
+	assert.False(t, called, "next handler must not run for unknown peer")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(0), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "ValidateTunnelPeer must be skipped on local-lookup miss")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_GroupsPropagateToCapturedData verifies the proxy
+// surfaces the calling peer's group memberships from ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+// onto CapturedData so policy-aware middlewares can authorise without an
+// extra management round-trip.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_GroupsPropagateToCapturedData(t *testing.T) {
+	groups := []string{"engineering", "sre"}
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+				Valid:        true,
+				SessionToken: "tok",
+				UserId:       "user-1",
+				PeerGroupIds: groups,
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest("100.64.0.10:55555")
+	cd := proxy.NewCapturedData("")
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+	r = r.WithContext(proxy.WithCapturedData(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup), cd))
+
+	called := false
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { called = true })
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+
+	require.True(t, handled, "valid tunnel-peer response must forward")
+	require.True(t, called, "next handler must run")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-1", cd.GetUserID(), "user id must propagate from tunnel-peer response")
+	assert.Equal(t, groups, cd.GetUserGroups(), "peer group IDs must propagate from tunnel-peer response")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupKnownPeerStillRPCs verifies that a
+// known tunnel IP still triggers ValidateTunnelPeer for the user-identity
+// tail (UserID + group access). Phase 3 only short-circuits the deny path.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupKnownPeerStillRPCs(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user-1"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	knownIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10")
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(ip netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		if ip == knownIP {
+			return PeerIdentity{PubKey: "pk", TunnelIP: ip, FQDN: "peer.netbird.cloud"}, true
+		}
+		return PeerIdentity{}, false
+	})
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest(knownIP.String() + ":55555")
+	r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+
+	called := false
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { called = true })
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+
+	assert.True(t, handled, "known peer with valid RPC response must forward")
+	assert.True(t, called, "next handler must run on success")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "RPC must run for the user-identity tail when local lookup confirms the peer")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_NoLookupRefusesFastPath guards the
+// anti-spoof gate: requests that didn't arrive on the per-account
+// inbound listener (no TunnelLookup attached) must never reach
+// management's ValidateTunnelPeer, even when the source IP looks like
+// a tunnel address. A colliding RFC1918 / CGNAT source on the public
+// listener would otherwise impersonate a mesh peer.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_NoLookupRefusesFastPath(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user-1"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest("100.64.0.10:55555")
+	called := false
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { called = true })
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+
+	assert.False(t, handled, "fast-path must refuse without the inbound marker")
+	assert.False(t, called, "next handler must not run")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(0), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "ValidateTunnelPeer must not be invoked without the inbound marker")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_RPCErrorFallsThrough validates that an RPC
+// failure still falls through to the next scheme (no false positive).
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_RPCErrorFallsThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{respErr: errors.New("management down")}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	knownIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10")
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(ip netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{TunnelIP: ip}, true
+	})
+
+	w, r := newTunnelRequest(knownIP.String() + ":55555")
+	r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+
+	config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+	handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}))
+
+	assert.False(t, handled, "RPC error must let the caller try other schemes")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "RPC was attempted exactly once")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_CacheReusesPositiveResponse confirms the
+// (account, IP, domain) cache prevents repeated RPCs for the same peer.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_CacheReusesPositiveResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user-1"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+
+	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+		w, r := newTunnelRequest("100.64.0.10:55555")
+		r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+		next := http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {})
+		config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+		handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, next)
+		require.True(t, handled, "iteration %d should forward", i)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "subsequent forwards must hit the cache, not management")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_RoutesAccountIDIntoCacheKey ensures cache keys
+// honour account scoping — same tunnel IP on different accounts must not
+// collide.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_RoutesAccountIDIntoCacheKey(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(req *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok", UserId: "user"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.New(), validator, nil)
+
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("svc-a.example", nil, "", 0, "acct-a", "svc-a", nil, false, nil))
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("svc-b.example", nil, "", 0, "acct-b", "svc-b", nil, false, nil))
+
+	// The fast-path requires the inbound-listener marker on the context.
+	// The peerstore lookup itself is account-agnostic at this level
+	// (one TunnelLookupFunc per account is attached by inbound.go); a
+	// trivial "always hit" lookup is enough to exercise the cache-key
+	// branch this test covers.
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+
+	for _, host := range []string{"svc-a.example", "svc-b.example"} {
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://"+host+"/", nil)
+		r.Host = host
+		r.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.10:55555"
+		r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+		config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig(host)
+		handled := mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, host, config, http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}))
+		require.True(t, handled, "host %s should forward", host)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(2), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "cache must not collide across accounts even when tunnel IPs match")
+}
+
+// TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupShortCircuitDoesNotPopulateCache
+// guarantees that the deny-fast path leaves the cache untouched, so a
+// subsequent request from the same IP after the peerstore catches up
+// goes through the normal RPC flow.
+func TestForwardWithTunnelPeer_LocalLookupShortCircuitDoesNotPopulateCache(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{Valid: true, SessionToken: "tok"}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := newTunnelMiddleware(t, validator)
+
+	knownIP := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10")
+	known := false
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(ip netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		if known && ip == knownIP {
+			return PeerIdentity{TunnelIP: ip}, true
+		}
+		return PeerIdentity{}, false
+	})
+
+	doRequest := func() bool {
+		w, r := newTunnelRequest(knownIP.String() + ":55555")
+		r = r.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(r.Context(), lookup))
+		config, _ := mw.getDomainConfig("svc.example")
+		return mw.forwardWithTunnelPeer(w, r, "svc.example", config, http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {}))
+	}
+
+	require.False(t, doRequest(), "first request must short-circuit")
+	require.Equal(t, int32(0), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "short-circuit must not populate the cache")
+
+	known = true
+	require.True(t, doRequest(), "second request with peer in roster must forward via RPC")
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), validator.tunnelCalls.Load(), "RPC runs once after peerstore catches up")
+}
+
+func TestPrivateService_FailsClosedOnTunnelPeerFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.New(), nil, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("private.svc", nil, "", 0, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, true, nil))
+
+	called := false
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		called = true
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://private.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "private.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.10:55555"
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, w.Code)
+	assert.False(t, called)
+}
+
+func TestPrivateService_ForwardsOnTunnelPeerSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	validator := &stubSessionValidator{
+		respFn: func(_ *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) *proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+			return &proto.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{
+				Valid:        true,
+				SessionToken: "tok",
+				UserId:       "user-1",
+			}
+		},
+	}
+	mw := NewMiddleware(log.New(), validator, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.AddDomain("private.svc", nil, "", 0, "acct-1", "svc-1", nil, true, nil))
+
+	called := false
+	handler := mw.Protect(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		called = true
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	}))
+
+	// Per-account inbound listener attaches WithTunnelLookup; without it
+	// forwardWithTunnelPeer refuses to take the fast-path. Mirror the
+	// real flow so this test exercises the post-gating success branch.
+	lookup := TunnelLookupFunc(func(_ netip.Addr) (PeerIdentity, bool) {
+		return PeerIdentity{}, true
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://private.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "private.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.10:55555"
+	req = req.WithContext(WithTunnelLookup(req.Context(), lookup))
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code)
+	assert.True(t, called)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/debug/client.go b/proxy/internal/debug/client.go
index 01b0bc8e6..77772637c 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/debug/client.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/debug/client.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
@@ -158,6 +159,49 @@ func (c *Client) printClients(data map[string]any) {
 	for _, item := range clients {
 		c.printClientRow(item)
 	}
+
+	c.printInboundListeners(clients)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) printInboundListeners(clients []any) {
+	type row struct {
+		accountID string
+		tunnelIP  string
+		httpsPort int
+		httpPort  int
+	}
+	var rows []row
+	for _, item := range clients {
+		client, ok := item.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		inbound, ok := client["inbound_listener"].(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		tunnelIP, _ := inbound["tunnel_ip"].(string)
+		httpsPort, _ := inbound["https_port"].(float64)
+		httpPort, _ := inbound["http_port"].(float64)
+		accountID, _ := client["account_id"].(string)
+		rows = append(rows, row{
+			accountID: accountID,
+			tunnelIP:  tunnelIP,
+			httpsPort: int(httpsPort),
+			httpPort:  int(httpPort),
+		})
+	}
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out)
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "Inbound listeners (per-account):")
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  %-38s %-20s %-7s %s\n", "ACCOUNT ID", "TUNNEL IP", "HTTPS", "HTTP")
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "  "+strings.Repeat("-", 78))
+	for _, r := range rows {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  %-38s %-20s %-7d %d\n", r.accountID, r.tunnelIP, r.httpsPort, r.httpPort)
+	}
 }
 
 func (c *Client) printClientRow(item any) {
@@ -217,7 +261,14 @@ func (c *Client) ClientStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID string, filters Sta
 }
 
 func (c *Client) printClientStatus(data map[string]any) {
-	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Account: %v\n\n", data["account_id"])
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Account: %v\n", data["account_id"])
+	if inbound, ok := data["inbound_listener"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		tunnelIP, _ := inbound["tunnel_ip"].(string)
+		httpsPort, _ := inbound["https_port"].(float64)
+		httpPort, _ := inbound["http_port"].(float64)
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Inbound listener: %s (https=%d, http=%d)\n", tunnelIP, int(httpsPort), int(httpPort))
+	}
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out)
 	if status, ok := data["status"].(string); ok {
 		_, _ = fmt.Fprint(c.out, status)
 	}
@@ -230,12 +281,16 @@ func (c *Client) ClientSyncResponse(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error
 }
 
 // PingTCP performs a TCP ping through a client.
-func (c *Client) PingTCP(ctx context.Context, accountID, host string, port int, timeout string) error {
+// ipVersion may be "4", "6", or "" for automatic.
+func (c *Client) PingTCP(ctx context.Context, accountID, host string, port int, timeout time.Duration, ipVersion string) error {
 	params := url.Values{}
 	params.Set("host", host)
 	params.Set("port", fmt.Sprintf("%d", port))
-	if timeout != "" {
-		params.Set("timeout", timeout)
+	if timeout > 0 {
+		params.Set("timeout", timeout.String())
+	}
+	if ipVersion != "" {
+		params.Set("ip_version", ipVersion)
 	}
 
 	path := fmt.Sprintf("/debug/clients/%s/pingtcp?%s", url.PathEscape(accountID), params.Encode())
@@ -244,11 +299,17 @@ func (c *Client) PingTCP(ctx context.Context, accountID, host string, port int,
 
 func (c *Client) printPingResult(data map[string]any) {
 	success, _ := data["success"].(bool)
+	host := net.JoinHostPort(fmt.Sprint(data["host"]), fmt.Sprint(data["port"]))
 	if success {
-		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Success: %v:%v\n", data["host"], data["port"])
+		remote, _ := data["remote"].(string)
+		if remote != "" && remote != host {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Success: %s (via %s)\n", host, remote)
+		} else {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Success: %s\n", host)
+		}
 		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Latency: %v\n", data["latency"])
 	} else {
-		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Failed: %v:%v\n", data["host"], data["port"])
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Failed: %s\n", host)
 		c.printError(data)
 	}
 }
@@ -272,6 +333,63 @@ func (c *Client) printLogLevelResult(data map[string]any) {
 	}
 }
 
+// PerfSet live-retunes the tunnel buffer pool cap on all running embedded
+// clients. Batch size is not live-tunable; configure it at proxy startup.
+func (c *Client) PerfSet(ctx context.Context, value uint32) error {
+	path := fmt.Sprintf("/debug/perf?value=%d", value)
+	return c.fetchAndPrint(ctx, path, c.printPerfSet)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) printPerfSet(data map[string]any) {
+	if errMsg, ok := data["error"].(string); ok && errMsg != "" {
+		c.printError(data)
+		return
+	}
+	val, _ := data["value"].(float64)
+	applied, _ := data["applied"].(float64)
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Pool cap set to: %d\n", uint32(val))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Applied to %d live clients\n", int(applied))
+	if failed, ok := data["failed"].(map[string]any); ok && len(failed) > 0 {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "Failed:")
+		for k, v := range failed {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  %s: %v\n", k, v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Runtime fetches runtime stats (heap, goroutines, RSS).
+func (c *Client) Runtime(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return c.fetchAndPrint(ctx, "/debug/runtime", c.printRuntime)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) printRuntime(data map[string]any) {
+	i := func(k string) uint64 {
+		v, _ := data[k].(float64)
+		return uint64(v)
+	}
+	mb := func(n uint64) string { return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f MB", float64(n)/(1<<20)) }
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Uptime:       %v\n", data["uptime"])
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Go:           %v on %d CPU (GOMAXPROCS=%d)\n", data["go_version"], uint32(i("num_cpu")), uint32(i("gomaxprocs")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Goroutines:   %d\n", i("goroutines"))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Live objects: %d\n", i("live_objects"))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "GC:           %d cycles, %v pause total\n", i("num_gc"), time.Duration(i("pause_total_ns")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "Heap:")
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  alloc:      %s\n", mb(i("heap_alloc")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  in-use:     %s\n", mb(i("heap_inuse")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  idle:       %s\n", mb(i("heap_idle")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  released:   %s\n", mb(i("heap_released")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  sys:        %s\n", mb(i("heap_sys")))
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Total sys:    %s\n", mb(i("sys")))
+	if _, ok := data["vm_rss"]; ok {
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(c.out, "Process:")
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  VmRSS:      %s\n", mb(i("vm_rss")))
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  VmSize:     %s\n", mb(i("vm_size")))
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "  VmData:     %s\n", mb(i("vm_data")))
+	}
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(c.out, "Clients:      %d (%d started)\n", i("clients"), i("started"))
+}
+
 // StartClient starts a specific client.
 func (c *Client) StartClient(ctx context.Context, accountID string) error {
 	path := "/debug/clients/" + url.PathEscape(accountID) + "/start"
@@ -310,6 +428,76 @@ func (c *Client) printError(data map[string]any) {
 	}
 }
 
+// CaptureOptions configures a capture request.
+type CaptureOptions struct {
+	AccountID  string
+	Duration   string
+	FilterExpr string
+	Text       bool
+	Verbose    bool
+	ASCII      bool
+	Output     io.Writer
+}
+
+// Capture streams a packet capture from the debug endpoint. The response body
+// (pcap or text) is written directly to opts.Output until the server closes the
+// connection or the context is cancelled.
+func (c *Client) Capture(ctx context.Context, opts CaptureOptions) error {
+	if opts.AccountID == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("account ID is required")
+	}
+	if opts.Output == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("output writer is required")
+	}
+
+	params := url.Values{}
+	if opts.Duration != "" {
+		params.Set("duration", opts.Duration)
+	}
+	if opts.FilterExpr != "" {
+		params.Set("filter", opts.FilterExpr)
+	}
+	if opts.Text {
+		params.Set("format", "text")
+	}
+	if opts.Verbose {
+		params.Set("verbose", "true")
+	}
+	if opts.ASCII {
+		params.Set("ascii", "true")
+	}
+
+	path := fmt.Sprintf("/debug/clients/%s/capture", url.PathEscape(opts.AccountID))
+	if len(params) > 0 {
+		path += "?" + params.Encode()
+	}
+
+	fullURL := c.baseURL + path
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, fullURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Use a separate client without timeout since captures stream for their full duration.
+	httpClient := &http.Client{}
+	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return fmt.Errorf("server error (%d): %s", resp.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(opts.Output, resp.Body)
+	if err != nil && ctx.Err() != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
 func (c *Client) fetchAndPrint(ctx context.Context, path string, printer func(map[string]any)) error {
 	data, raw, err := c.fetch(ctx, path)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/proxy/internal/debug/handler.go b/proxy/internal/debug/handler.go
index c507cfad9..6300228d7 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/debug/handler.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/debug/handler.go
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
 	"maps"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -58,6 +61,24 @@ func sortedAccountIDs(m map[types.AccountID]roundtrip.ClientDebugInfo) []types.A
 type clientProvider interface {
 	GetClient(accountID types.AccountID) (*nbembed.Client, bool)
 	ListClientsForDebug() map[types.AccountID]roundtrip.ClientDebugInfo
+	ListClientsForStartup() map[types.AccountID]*nbembed.Client
+}
+
+// InboundListenerInfo describes a per-account inbound listener as
+// surfaced through the debug HTTP handler. Mirrors the proto sub-message
+// emitted with SendStatusUpdate so dashboards and CLI tooling see the
+// same shape.
+type InboundListenerInfo struct {
+	TunnelIP  string `json:"tunnel_ip"`
+	HTTPSPort uint16 `json:"https_port"`
+	HTTPPort  uint16 `json:"http_port"`
+}
+
+// InboundProvider exposes per-account inbound listener state. Optional;
+// when nil the debug endpoint omits the inbound section entirely so the
+// existing JSON shape stays additive.
+type InboundProvider interface {
+	InboundListeners() map[types.AccountID]InboundListenerInfo
 }
 
 // healthChecker provides health probe state.
@@ -79,6 +100,7 @@ type Handler struct {
 	provider   clientProvider
 	health     healthChecker
 	certStatus certStatus
+	inbound    InboundProvider
 	logger     *log.Logger
 	startTime  time.Time
 	templates  *template.Template
@@ -107,6 +129,13 @@ func (h *Handler) SetCertStatus(cs certStatus) {
 	h.certStatus = cs
 }
 
+// SetInboundProvider wires per-account inbound listener observability.
+// Pass nil (or skip the call) to keep the inbound section out of debug
+// responses on proxies that don't run --private.
+func (h *Handler) SetInboundProvider(p InboundProvider) {
+	h.inbound = p
+}
+
 func (h *Handler) loadTemplates() error {
 	tmpl, err := template.ParseFS(templateFS, "templates/*.html")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -139,6 +168,10 @@ func (h *Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		h.handleListClients(w, r, wantJSON)
 	case "/debug/health":
 		h.handleHealth(w, r, wantJSON)
+	case "/debug/perf":
+		h.handlePerf(w, r)
+	case "/debug/runtime":
+		h.handleRuntime(w, r)
 	default:
 		if h.handleClientRoutes(w, r, path, wantJSON) {
 			return
@@ -174,6 +207,8 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientRoutes(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, pat
 		h.handleClientStart(w, r, accountID)
 	case "stop":
 		h.handleClientStop(w, r, accountID)
+	case "capture":
+		h.handleCapture(w, r, accountID)
 	default:
 		return false
 	}
@@ -230,10 +265,10 @@ func (h *Handler) handleIndex(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, wantJSON b
 	}
 
 	if wantJSON {
-		clientsJSON := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0, len(clients))
+		clientsJSON := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(clients))
 		for _, id := range sortedIDs {
 			info := clients[id]
-			clientsJSON = append(clientsJSON, map[string]interface{}{
+			clientsJSON = append(clientsJSON, map[string]any{
 				"account_id":    info.AccountID,
 				"service_count": info.ServiceCount,
 				"service_keys":  info.ServiceKeys,
@@ -242,7 +277,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleIndex(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, wantJSON b
 				"age":           time.Since(info.CreatedAt).Round(time.Second).String(),
 			})
 		}
-		resp := map[string]interface{}{
+		resp := map[string]any{
 			"version":        version.NetbirdVersion(),
 			"uptime":         time.Since(h.startTime).Round(time.Second).String(),
 			"client_count":   len(clients),
@@ -320,23 +355,35 @@ func (h *Handler) handleListClients(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, want
 	sortedIDs := sortedAccountIDs(clients)
 
 	if wantJSON {
-		clientsJSON := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0, len(clients))
+		var inboundAll map[types.AccountID]InboundListenerInfo
+		if h.inbound != nil {
+			inboundAll = h.inbound.InboundListeners()
+		}
+		clientsJSON := make([]map[string]any, 0, len(clients))
 		for _, id := range sortedIDs {
 			info := clients[id]
-			clientsJSON = append(clientsJSON, map[string]interface{}{
+			row := map[string]any{
 				"account_id":    info.AccountID,
 				"service_count": info.ServiceCount,
 				"service_keys":  info.ServiceKeys,
 				"has_client":    info.HasClient,
 				"created_at":    info.CreatedAt,
 				"age":           time.Since(info.CreatedAt).Round(time.Second).String(),
-			})
+			}
+			if inb, ok := inboundAll[id]; ok {
+				row["inbound_listener"] = inb
+			}
+			clientsJSON = append(clientsJSON, row)
 		}
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		resp := map[string]any{
 			"uptime":       time.Since(h.startTime).Round(time.Second).String(),
 			"client_count": len(clients),
 			"clients":      clientsJSON,
-		})
+		}
+		if len(inboundAll) > 0 {
+			resp["inbound_listener_count"] = len(inboundAll)
+		}
+		h.writeJSON(w, resp)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -418,10 +465,14 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, acc
 	})
 
 	if wantJSON {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		resp := map[string]any{
 			"account_id": accountID,
 			"status":     overview.FullDetailSummary(),
-		})
+		}
+		if info, ok := h.inboundInfoFor(accountID); ok {
+			resp["inbound_listener"] = info
+		}
+		h.writeJSON(w, resp)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -434,6 +485,18 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStatus(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, acc
 	h.renderTemplate(w, "clientDetail", data)
 }
 
+// inboundInfoFor returns the inbound listener info for an account, or
+// ok=false when no inbound provider is wired or the account has no live
+// listener.
+func (h *Handler) inboundInfoFor(accountID types.AccountID) (InboundListenerInfo, bool) {
+	if h.inbound == nil {
+		return InboundListenerInfo{}, false
+	}
+	all := h.inbound.InboundListeners()
+	info, ok := all[accountID]
+	return info, ok
+}
+
 func (h *Handler) handleClientSyncResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID, wantJSON bool) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
@@ -501,20 +564,20 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientTools(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request, acco
 func (h *Handler) handlePingTCP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "client not found"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "client not found"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	host := r.URL.Query().Get("host")
 	portStr := r.URL.Query().Get("port")
 	if host == "" || portStr == "" {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "host and port parameters required"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "host and port parameters required"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
 	if err != nil || port < 1 || port > 65535 {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "invalid port"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "invalid port"})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -525,15 +588,20 @@ func (h *Handler) handlePingTCP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountI
 		}
 	}
 
+	network := "tcp"
+	if v := r.URL.Query().Get("ip_version"); v == "4" || v == "6" {
+		network += v
+	}
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(r.Context(), timeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	address := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", host, port)
+	address := net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(port))
 	start := time.Now()
 
-	conn, err := client.Dial(ctx, "tcp", address)
+	conn, err := client.Dial(ctx, network, address)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 			"success": false,
 			"host":    host,
 			"port":    port,
@@ -541,15 +609,18 @@ func (h *Handler) handlePingTCP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountI
 		})
 		return
 	}
+
+	remote := conn.RemoteAddr().String()
 	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
 		h.logger.Debugf("close tcp ping connection: %v", err)
 	}
 
 	latency := time.Since(start)
-	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 		"success":    true,
 		"host":       host,
 		"port":       port,
+		"remote":     remote,
 		"latency_ms": latency.Milliseconds(),
 		"latency":    formatDuration(latency),
 	})
@@ -558,25 +629,25 @@ func (h *Handler) handlePingTCP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountI
 func (h *Handler) handleLogLevel(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "client not found"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "client not found"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	level := r.URL.Query().Get("level")
 	if level == "" {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "level parameter required (trace, debug, info, warn, error)"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "level parameter required (trace, debug, info, warn, error)"})
 		return
 	}
 
 	if err := client.SetLogLevel(level); err != nil {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 			"success": false,
 			"error":   err.Error(),
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 		"success": true,
 		"level":   level,
 	})
@@ -587,7 +658,7 @@ const clientActionTimeout = 30 * time.Second
 func (h *Handler) handleClientStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "client not found"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "client not found"})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -595,14 +666,14 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, acco
 	defer cancel()
 
 	if err := client.Start(ctx); err != nil {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 			"success": false,
 			"error":   err.Error(),
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 		"success": true,
 		"message": "client started",
 	})
@@ -611,7 +682,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, acco
 func (h *Handler) handleClientStop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID) {
 	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
 	if !ok {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{"error": "client not found"})
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{"error": "client not found"})
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -619,19 +690,200 @@ func (h *Handler) handleClientStop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accou
 	defer cancel()
 
 	if err := client.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
-		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+		h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 			"success": false,
 			"error":   err.Error(),
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]interface{}{
+	h.writeJSON(w, map[string]any{
 		"success": true,
 		"message": "client stopped",
 	})
 }
 
+func (h *Handler) handlePerf(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	raw := r.URL.Query().Get("value")
+	if raw == "" {
+		http.Error(w, "value parameter is required", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	n, err := strconv.ParseUint(raw, 10, 32)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("invalid value %q: %v", raw, err), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	capN := uint32(n)
+	applied := 0
+	failed := map[string]string{}
+	for accountID, client := range h.provider.ListClientsForStartup() {
+		if err := client.SetPerformance(nbembed.Performance{PreallocatedBuffersPerPool: &capN}); err != nil {
+			failed[string(accountID)] = err.Error()
+			continue
+		}
+		applied++
+	}
+
+	resp := map[string]any{
+		"success": true,
+		"value":   capN,
+		"applied": applied,
+	}
+	if len(failed) > 0 {
+		resp["failed"] = failed
+	}
+	h.writeJSON(w, resp)
+}
+
+// handleRuntime returns cheap runtime and process stats. Safe to hit on a
+// running proxy; does not read pprof profiles.
+func (h *Handler) handleRuntime(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+	var m runtime.MemStats
+	runtime.ReadMemStats(&m)
+
+	clients := h.provider.ListClientsForDebug()
+	started := 0
+	for _, c := range clients {
+		if c.HasClient {
+			started++
+		}
+	}
+
+	resp := map[string]any{
+		"uptime":         time.Since(h.startTime).Round(time.Second).String(),
+		"goroutines":     runtime.NumGoroutine(),
+		"num_cpu":        runtime.NumCPU(),
+		"gomaxprocs":     runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0),
+		"go_version":     runtime.Version(),
+		"heap_alloc":     m.HeapAlloc,
+		"heap_inuse":     m.HeapInuse,
+		"heap_idle":      m.HeapIdle,
+		"heap_released":  m.HeapReleased,
+		"heap_sys":       m.HeapSys,
+		"sys":            m.Sys,
+		"live_objects":   m.Mallocs - m.Frees,
+		"num_gc":         m.NumGC,
+		"pause_total_ns": m.PauseTotalNs,
+		"clients":        len(clients),
+		"started":        started,
+	}
+
+	if proc := readProcStatus(); proc != nil {
+		resp["vm_rss"] = proc["VmRSS"]
+		resp["vm_size"] = proc["VmSize"]
+		resp["vm_data"] = proc["VmData"]
+	}
+
+	h.writeJSON(w, resp)
+}
+
+// readProcStatus parses /proc/self/status on Linux and returns size fields
+// in bytes. Returns nil on non-Linux or read failure.
+func readProcStatus() map[string]uint64 {
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile("/proc/self/status")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := map[string]uint64{}
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(raw), "\n") {
+		k, v, ok := strings.Cut(line, ":")
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if k != "VmRSS" && k != "VmSize" && k != "VmData" {
+			continue
+		}
+		fields := strings.Fields(v)
+		if len(fields) < 1 {
+			continue
+		}
+		n, err := strconv.ParseUint(fields[0], 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Values are reported in kB.
+		out[k] = n * 1024
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+const maxCaptureDuration = 30 * time.Minute
+
+// handleCapture streams a pcap or text packet capture for the given client.
+//
+// Query params:
+//
+//	duration: capture duration (0 or absent = max, capped at 30m)
+//	format:   "text" for human-readable output (default: pcap)
+//	filter:   BPF-like filter expression (e.g. "host 10.0.0.1 and tcp port 443")
+func (h *Handler) handleCapture(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, accountID types.AccountID) {
+	client, ok := h.provider.GetClient(accountID)
+	if !ok {
+		http.Error(w, "client not found", http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+
+	duration := maxCaptureDuration
+	if durationStr := r.URL.Query().Get("duration"); durationStr != "" {
+		d, err := time.ParseDuration(durationStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, "invalid duration: "+err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		if d < 0 {
+			http.Error(w, "duration must not be negative", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		if d > 0 {
+			duration = min(d, maxCaptureDuration)
+		}
+	}
+
+	filter := r.URL.Query().Get("filter")
+	wantText := r.URL.Query().Get("format") == "text"
+	verbose := r.URL.Query().Get("verbose") == "true"
+	ascii := r.URL.Query().Get("ascii") == "true"
+
+	opts := nbembed.CaptureOptions{Filter: filter, Verbose: verbose, ASCII: ascii}
+	if wantText {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+		opts.TextOutput = w
+	} else {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap")
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Disposition",
+			fmt.Sprintf("attachment; filename=capture-%s.pcap", accountID))
+		opts.Output = w
+	}
+
+	cs, err := client.StartCapture(opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "start capture: "+err.Error(), http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+		return
+	}
+	defer cs.Stop()
+
+	// Flush headers after setup succeeds so errors above can still set status codes.
+	if f, ok := w.(http.Flusher); ok {
+		f.Flush()
+	}
+
+	timer := time.NewTimer(duration)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+
+	select {
+	case <-r.Context().Done():
+	case <-timer.C:
+	}
+
+	cs.Stop()
+
+	stats := cs.Stats()
+	h.logger.Infof("capture for %s finished: %d packets, %d bytes, %d dropped",
+		accountID, stats.Packets, stats.Bytes, stats.Dropped)
+}
+
 func (h *Handler) handleHealth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, wantJSON bool) {
 	if !wantJSON {
 		http.Redirect(w, r, "/debug", http.StatusSeeOther)
@@ -685,7 +937,7 @@ func (h *Handler) handleHealth(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, wantJSON
 	h.writeJSON(w, resp)
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, name string, data interface{}) {
+func (h *Handler) renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, name string, data any) {
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
 	tmpl := h.getTemplates()
 	if tmpl == nil {
@@ -698,7 +950,7 @@ func (h *Handler) renderTemplate(w http.ResponseWriter, name string, data interf
 	}
 }
 
-func (h *Handler) writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, v interface{}) {
+func (h *Handler) writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, v any) {
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	enc := json.NewEncoder(w)
 	enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/anthropic.go b/proxy/internal/llm/anthropic.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..523731fbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/anthropic.go
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// AnthropicParser implements the Parser interface for the Anthropic Messages
+// and Completions APIs. Detection is substring-based to tolerate upstream
+// path rewrites.
+type AnthropicParser struct{}
+
+var anthropicPathHints = []string{
+	"/v1/messages",
+	"/v1/complete",
+}
+
+// Provider returns ProviderAnthropic.
+func (AnthropicParser) Provider() Provider { return ProviderAnthropic }
+
+// ProviderName returns the stable label used for metrics and metadata.
+func (AnthropicParser) ProviderName() string { return "anthropic" }
+
+// DetectFromURL reports whether the given request path looks like an
+// Anthropic API endpoint. The match is case-insensitive and substring-based.
+func (AnthropicParser) DetectFromURL(path string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(path)
+	for _, hint := range anthropicPathHints {
+		if strings.Contains(lower, hint) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type anthropicRequest struct {
+	Model    string             `json:"model"`
+	Stream   *bool              `json:"stream"`
+	System   json.RawMessage    `json:"system"`
+	Messages []anthropicMessage `json:"messages"`
+	// Legacy /v1/complete endpoint.
+	Prompt string `json:"prompt"`
+}
+
+type anthropicMessage struct {
+	Role    string          `json:"role"`
+	Content json.RawMessage `json:"content"`
+}
+
+// ParseRequest extracts the model name and streaming flag from an Anthropic
+// request body. Unknown or missing fields leave the corresponding struct
+// members zero-valued.
+func (AnthropicParser) ParseRequest(body []byte) (RequestFacts, error) {
+	var req anthropicRequest
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+		return RequestFacts{}, fmt.Errorf("decode anthropic request: %w: %v", ErrMalformedRequest, err)
+	}
+	return RequestFacts{
+		Model:  req.Model,
+		Stream: ptrDeref(req.Stream),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type anthropicResponse struct {
+	Usage struct {
+		InputTokens  int64 `json:"input_tokens"`
+		OutputTokens int64 `json:"output_tokens"`
+		// CacheReadInputTokens and CacheCreationInputTokens are
+		// ADDITIVE to InputTokens (not subset), each billed at its
+		// own rate by the cost meter. cache_read is the cheaper
+		// read-from-cache rate, cache_creation is the more
+		// expensive write-to-cache rate.
+		CacheReadInputTokens     int64 `json:"cache_read_input_tokens"`
+		CacheCreationInputTokens int64 `json:"cache_creation_input_tokens"`
+	} `json:"usage"`
+}
+
+// ParseResponse decodes the non-streaming Anthropic response envelope. Status
+// codes other than 200 are treated as non-LLM responses so the caller can
+// skip cost accounting without aborting the request.
+func (AnthropicParser) ParseResponse(status int, contentType string, body []byte) (Usage, error) {
+	if status != 200 {
+		return Usage{}, fmt.Errorf("anthropic status %d: %w", status, ErrNotLLMResponse)
+	}
+	if isEventStream(contentType) {
+		return Usage{}, ErrStreamingUnsupported
+	}
+	if !isJSON(contentType) {
+		return Usage{}, fmt.Errorf("anthropic content-type %q: %w", contentType, ErrNotLLMResponse)
+	}
+
+	var resp anthropicResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &resp); err != nil {
+		return Usage{}, fmt.Errorf("decode anthropic response: %w: %v", ErrMalformedResponse, err)
+	}
+	return Usage{
+		InputTokens:         resp.Usage.InputTokens,
+		OutputTokens:        resp.Usage.OutputTokens,
+		TotalTokens:         resp.Usage.InputTokens + resp.Usage.OutputTokens + resp.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens + resp.Usage.CacheCreationInputTokens,
+		CachedInputTokens:   resp.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens,
+		CacheCreationTokens: resp.Usage.CacheCreationInputTokens,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ExtractPrompt returns the user-visible prompt text from an Anthropic
+// request body. Handles the Messages API (system + messages[]) and the
+// legacy /v1/complete prompt string. Returns "" on any decode failure.
+func (AnthropicParser) ExtractPrompt(body []byte) string {
+	var req anthropicRequest
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	if len(req.System) > 0 {
+		if s := decodeStringOrJoin(req.System); s != "" {
+			b.WriteString("system: ")
+			b.WriteString(s)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, m := range req.Messages {
+		if b.Len() > 0 {
+			b.WriteByte('\n')
+		}
+		if m.Role != "" {
+			b.WriteString(m.Role)
+			b.WriteString(": ")
+		}
+		b.WriteString(decodeStringOrJoin(m.Content))
+	}
+	if b.Len() == 0 && req.Prompt != "" {
+		b.WriteString(req.Prompt)
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// ExtractSessionID is the body-side fallback for Anthropic. Claude Code's
+// authoritative session marker is the X-Claude-Code-Session-Id request
+// header (handled by the request-parser middleware); this only mines the
+// optional metadata.user_id for an embedded "...session_<uuid>" marker.
+// metadata.user_id on its own is a USER identifier, not a session, so the
+// whole value is deliberately NOT used — returning it would mislabel every
+// request from a user as one session. Returns "" when no session marker is
+// present.
+func (AnthropicParser) ExtractSessionID(body []byte) string {
+	var req struct {
+		Metadata struct {
+			UserID string `json:"user_id"`
+		} `json:"metadata"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if idx := strings.LastIndex(req.Metadata.UserID, "session_"); idx >= 0 {
+		if session := req.Metadata.UserID[idx+len("session_"):]; session != "" {
+			return session
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type anthropicMessageResponse struct {
+	Content []struct {
+		Type string `json:"type"`
+		Text string `json:"text"`
+	} `json:"content"`
+	// Legacy /v1/complete response.
+	Completion string `json:"completion"`
+}
+
+// ExtractCompletion returns the assistant text from a non-streaming Anthropic
+// Messages or Completions response. Returns "" when status/content-type
+// indicate the body is not parseable or no text part is present.
+func (AnthropicParser) ExtractCompletion(status int, contentType string, body []byte) string {
+	if status != 200 || isEventStream(contentType) || !isJSON(contentType) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var resp anthropicMessageResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &resp); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, part := range resp.Content {
+		if part.Text == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if b.Len() > 0 {
+			b.WriteByte('\n')
+		}
+		b.WriteString(part.Text)
+	}
+	if b.Len() == 0 {
+		return resp.Completion
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/anthropic_test.go b/proxy/internal/llm/anthropic_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0c1f7896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/anthropic_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestAnthropicDetectFromURL(t *testing.T) {
+	p := AnthropicParser{}
+
+	cases := map[string]bool{
+		"/v1/messages":         true,
+		"/v1/complete":         true,
+		"/V1/Messages":         true,
+		"/proxy/v1/messages?x": true,
+		"/v1/chat/completions": false,
+		"":                     false,
+	}
+	for path, want := range cases {
+		assert.Equal(t, want, p.DetectFromURL(path), "DetectFromURL(%q)", path)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicParseRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	p := AnthropicParser{}
+
+	t.Run("stream true", func(t *testing.T) {
+		facts, err := p.ParseRequest([]byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5","stream":true}`))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "claude-sonnet-4-5", facts.Model, "model extracted")
+		assert.True(t, facts.Stream, "stream flag honoured")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("stream default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		facts, err := p.ParseRequest([]byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5"}`))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.False(t, facts.Stream, "missing stream flag defaults to false")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("malformed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseRequest([]byte(`{"model":`))
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, ErrMalformedRequest), "sentinel wrapped")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicParseResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	p := AnthropicParser{}
+
+	t.Run("happy fixture", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("fixtures", "anthropic_messages.json"))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "fixture must be readable")
+
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(123), usage.InputTokens, "input tokens extracted")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(45), usage.OutputTokens, "output tokens extracted")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(168), usage.TotalTokens, "total computed as sum")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("streaming rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "text/event-stream", []byte(""))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrStreamingUnsupported, "SSE responses must use the scanner")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-200", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseResponse(429, "application/json", []byte(`{}`))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNotLLMResponse, "non-200 rejected as non-LLM")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-json content type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "text/html", []byte(`{}`))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNotLLMResponse, "text/html treated as non-LLM")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("malformed body", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", []byte(`{`))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrMalformedResponse, "bad JSON yields malformed error")
+	})
+
+	// Anthropic's two cache fields are ADDITIVE to input_tokens (not
+	// subset). The parser must surface them so the cost meter can
+	// bill each bucket at its own configured rate. Total includes
+	// every bucket so downstream attribution sees the full token
+	// volume the request consumed.
+	t.Run("cache_read_input_tokens surfaces as CachedInputTokens (additive)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":256,"output_tokens":200,"cache_read_input_tokens":768}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(256), usage.InputTokens, "regular input remains separate from cache buckets")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(768), usage.CachedInputTokens, "cache_read maps onto CachedInputTokens — same field carries OpenAI cached subset and Anthropic cache reads")
+		assert.Zero(t, usage.CacheCreationTokens)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(256+200+768), usage.TotalTokens, "total includes every input bucket plus output — cache reads are billable tokens")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("cache_creation_input_tokens surfaces as CacheCreationTokens (additive)", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":256,"output_tokens":200,"cache_creation_input_tokens":512}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(256), usage.InputTokens)
+		assert.Zero(t, usage.CachedInputTokens)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(512), usage.CacheCreationTokens, "cache_creation surfaces — meter applies the write-rate multiplier")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(256+200+512), usage.TotalTokens)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("both cache buckets present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":256,"output_tokens":200,"cache_read_input_tokens":768,"cache_creation_input_tokens":512}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(768), usage.CachedInputTokens)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(512), usage.CacheCreationTokens)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(256+200+768+512), usage.TotalTokens, "all four buckets sum into total")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("absent cache fields leave counts at zero", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":100,"output_tokens":50}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Zero(t, usage.CachedInputTokens, "no cache_read field = no cached count")
+		assert.Zero(t, usage.CacheCreationTokens, "no cache_creation field = no creation count")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(150), usage.TotalTokens, "back to the simple in+out total when no cache buckets present")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicExtractPrompt_Messages(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-7","system":"be brief","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"},{"role":"assistant","content":"yes"}]}`)
+	got := AnthropicParser{}.ExtractPrompt(body)
+	require.Contains(t, got, "system: be brief", "system surfaces with role label")
+	require.Contains(t, got, "user: hi", "user message surfaces")
+	require.Contains(t, got, "assistant: yes", "assistant message surfaces")
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicExtractPrompt_LegacyComplete(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"claude-2","prompt":"\n\nHuman: hi\n\nAssistant:"}`)
+	got := AnthropicParser{}.ExtractPrompt(body)
+	require.Contains(t, got, "Human: hi", "legacy prompt string surfaces")
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicExtractSessionID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("claude code session suffix", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","metadata":{"user_id":"user_abc123_account_def456_session_9f8e7d6c"},"messages":[]}`)
+		assert.Equal(t, "9f8e7d6c", AnthropicParser{}.ExtractSessionID(body), "session_<id> suffix must be extracted from metadata.user_id")
+	})
+	t.Run("plain user_id is not treated as a session", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","metadata":{"user_id":"acme-team"},"messages":[]}`)
+		assert.Equal(t, "", AnthropicParser{}.ExtractSessionID(body), "a user identifier without a session marker must NOT be used as a session id")
+	})
+	t.Run("no metadata yields empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		assert.Equal(t, "", AnthropicParser{}.ExtractSessionID(body), "absent metadata.user_id yields no session id")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicExtractCompletion_Messages(t *testing.T) {
+	body, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("fixtures", "anthropic_messages.json"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got := AnthropicParser{}.ExtractCompletion(200, "application/json", body)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, got, "anthropic fixture has assistant text")
+}
+
+func TestAnthropicExtractCompletion_Streaming(t *testing.T) {
+	got := AnthropicParser{}.ExtractCompletion(200, "text/event-stream", []byte(""))
+	require.Empty(t, got, "streaming responses are skipped")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/bedrock.go b/proxy/internal/llm/bedrock.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb64167a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/bedrock.go
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ProviderNameBedrock is the stable label for the AWS Bedrock parser, used as
+// the llm.provider metadata value and the cost-meter formula selector.
+const ProviderNameBedrock = "bedrock"
+
+// BedrockParser implements the Parser interface for the AWS Bedrock runtime.
+// Bedrock carries the model in the URL path (/model/{id}/{action}); the request
+// middleware extracts it there, so this parser focuses on the response shapes:
+// the vendor-native InvokeModel body (e.g. Anthropic's snake_case usage) and the
+// unified Converse body (camelCase usage).
+type BedrockParser struct{}
+
+var bedrockPathHints = []string{"/invoke", "/converse"}
+
+// Provider returns ProviderBedrock.
+func (BedrockParser) Provider() Provider { return ProviderBedrock }
+
+// ProviderName returns the stable label used for metrics and metadata.
+func (BedrockParser) ProviderName() string { return ProviderNameBedrock }
+
+// DetectFromURL reports whether the path is a Bedrock runtime model endpoint.
+func (BedrockParser) DetectFromURL(path string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(path)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(lower, "/model/") {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, hint := range bedrockPathHints {
+		if strings.Contains(lower, hint) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// ParseRequest is a no-op for Bedrock: the model lives in the URL path, not the
+// body, and the streaming flag is derived from the path action. The request
+// middleware handles both via parseBedrockPath, so this returns empty facts.
+func (BedrockParser) ParseRequest([]byte) (RequestFacts, error) {
+	return RequestFacts{}, nil
+}
+
+// bedrockResponse captures token usage from both Bedrock response shapes:
+// InvokeModel (vendor-native; Anthropic uses snake_case + additive cache
+// buckets) and Converse (camelCase, with a precomputed total).
+type bedrockResponse struct {
+	Usage struct {
+		// InvokeModel (Anthropic-on-Bedrock) — snake_case.
+		InputTokens              int64 `json:"input_tokens"`
+		OutputTokens             int64 `json:"output_tokens"`
+		CacheReadInputTokens     int64 `json:"cache_read_input_tokens"`
+		CacheCreationInputTokens int64 `json:"cache_creation_input_tokens"`
+		// Converse — camelCase; cache buckets are additive to inputTokens (AWS names the write bucket cacheWriteInputTokens).
+		InputTokensCamel      int64 `json:"inputTokens"`
+		OutputTokensCamel     int64 `json:"outputTokens"`
+		TotalTokensCamel      int64 `json:"totalTokens"`
+		CacheReadTokensCamel  int64 `json:"cacheReadInputTokens"`
+		CacheWriteTokensCamel int64 `json:"cacheWriteInputTokens"`
+	} `json:"usage"`
+}
+
+// ParseResponse decodes the non-streaming Bedrock response envelope, handling
+// both the InvokeModel and Converse usage shapes. Non-200 / non-JSON bodies are
+// treated as non-LLM responses so the caller skips cost accounting.
+func (BedrockParser) ParseResponse(status int, contentType string, body []byte) (Usage, error) {
+	if status != 200 {
+		return Usage{}, fmt.Errorf("bedrock status %d: %w", status, ErrNotLLMResponse)
+	}
+	if isAWSEventStream(contentType) || isEventStream(contentType) {
+		return Usage{}, ErrStreamingUnsupported
+	}
+	if !isJSON(contentType) {
+		return Usage{}, fmt.Errorf("bedrock content-type %q: %w", contentType, ErrNotLLMResponse)
+	}
+
+	var resp bedrockResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &resp); err != nil {
+		return Usage{}, fmt.Errorf("decode bedrock response: %w: %v", ErrMalformedResponse, err)
+	}
+	inTok := firstNonZero(resp.Usage.InputTokens, resp.Usage.InputTokensCamel)
+	outTok := firstNonZero(resp.Usage.OutputTokens, resp.Usage.OutputTokensCamel)
+	cacheRead := firstNonZero(resp.Usage.CacheReadInputTokens, resp.Usage.CacheReadTokensCamel)
+	cacheWrite := firstNonZero(resp.Usage.CacheCreationInputTokens, resp.Usage.CacheWriteTokensCamel)
+	total := resp.Usage.TotalTokensCamel
+	if total == 0 {
+		total = inTok + outTok + cacheRead + cacheWrite
+	}
+	return Usage{
+		InputTokens:         inTok,
+		OutputTokens:        outTok,
+		TotalTokens:         total,
+		CachedInputTokens:   cacheRead,
+		CacheCreationTokens: cacheWrite,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// ExtractPrompt returns the user-visible prompt from a Bedrock request body,
+// handling both the InvokeModel (Anthropic Messages: system + messages[]) and
+// Converse (messages[].content[].text) shapes. Returns "" on decode failure.
+func (BedrockParser) ExtractPrompt(body []byte) string {
+	var req struct {
+		System   json.RawMessage `json:"system"`
+		Messages []struct {
+			Role    string          `json:"role"`
+			Content json.RawMessage `json:"content"`
+		} `json:"messages"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	if s := decodeStringOrJoin(req.System); s != "" {
+		b.WriteString("system: ")
+		b.WriteString(s)
+	}
+	for _, m := range req.Messages {
+		if b.Len() > 0 {
+			b.WriteByte('\n')
+		}
+		if m.Role != "" {
+			b.WriteString(m.Role)
+			b.WriteString(": ")
+		}
+		b.WriteString(decodeStringOrJoin(m.Content))
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// ExtractCompletion returns the assistant text from a non-streaming Bedrock
+// response, handling InvokeModel (Anthropic content[].text) and Converse
+// (output.message.content[].text).
+func (BedrockParser) ExtractCompletion(status int, contentType string, body []byte) string {
+	if status != 200 || isAWSEventStream(contentType) || !isJSON(contentType) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var resp struct {
+		Content []struct {
+			Text string `json:"text"`
+		} `json:"content"`
+		Output struct {
+			Message struct {
+				Content []struct {
+					Text string `json:"text"`
+				} `json:"content"`
+			} `json:"message"`
+		} `json:"output"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &resp); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	appendText := func(text string) {
+		if text == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		if b.Len() > 0 {
+			b.WriteByte('\n')
+		}
+		b.WriteString(text)
+	}
+	for _, p := range resp.Content {
+		appendText(p.Text)
+	}
+	for _, p := range resp.Output.Message.Content {
+		appendText(p.Text)
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// ExtractSessionID has no Bedrock-native marker; session grouping relies on the
+// request headers handled by the middleware. Returns "".
+func (BedrockParser) ExtractSessionID([]byte) string { return "" }
+
+// firstNonZero returns a when non-zero, else b. Folds the snake_case and
+// camelCase usage variants into a single value.
+func firstNonZero(a, b int64) int64 {
+	if a != 0 {
+		return a
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+// isAWSEventStream reports whether contentType is the AWS binary event-stream
+// framing used by Bedrock's streaming endpoints.
+func isAWSEventStream(contentType string) bool {
+	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(contentType), "application/vnd.amazon.eventstream")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/bedrock_test.go b/proxy/internal/llm/bedrock_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e99ee55df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/bedrock_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestBedrockParser_ParseResponse_Invoke(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":13,"output_tokens":5,"cache_read_input_tokens":2,"cache_creation_input_tokens":4}}`)
+	u, err := BedrockParser{}.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(13), u.InputTokens, "invoke input tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(5), u.OutputTokens, "invoke output tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(2), u.CachedInputTokens, "invoke cache-read tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(4), u.CacheCreationTokens, "invoke cache-creation tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(13+5+2+4), u.TotalTokens, "invoke total is additive")
+}
+
+func TestBedrockParser_ParseResponse_Converse(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"output":{"message":{"content":[{"text":"pong"}]}},"usage":{"inputTokens":11,"outputTokens":3,"totalTokens":14}}`)
+	u, err := BedrockParser{}.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(11), u.InputTokens, "converse camelCase input tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(3), u.OutputTokens, "converse camelCase output tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(14), u.TotalTokens, "converse uses provider total")
+}
+
+// Converse camelCase cache fields must land in the billed Usage buckets, same as the InvokeModel snake_case fields.
+func TestBedrockParser_ParseResponse_ConverseCacheBuckets(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"usage":{"inputTokens":11,"outputTokens":3,"cacheReadInputTokens":7,"cacheWriteInputTokens":9}}`)
+	u, err := BedrockParser{}.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, int64(11), u.InputTokens, "converse input tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(3), u.OutputTokens, "converse output tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(7), u.CachedInputTokens, "converse cache-read tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(9), u.CacheCreationTokens, "converse cache-write tokens")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(11+3+7+9), u.TotalTokens, "total backfill is additive when the provider omits totalTokens")
+}
+
+func TestBedrockParser_ParseResponse_StreamingUnsupported(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := BedrockParser{}.ParseResponse(200, "application/vnd.amazon.eventstream", []byte("binary"))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrStreamingUnsupported, "event-stream must route to the streaming accumulator")
+}
+
+func TestBedrockParser_ParseResponse_NonSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := BedrockParser{}.ParseResponse(404, "application/json", []byte(`{"message":"gated"}`))
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNotLLMResponse, "non-200 is not an LLM response")
+}
+
+func TestBedrockParser_ExtractCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	invoke := BedrockParser{}.ExtractCompletion(200, "application/json", []byte(`{"content":[{"text":"a"},{"text":"b"}]}`))
+	require.Equal(t, "a\nb", invoke, "invoke completion joins content parts")
+
+	converse := BedrockParser{}.ExtractCompletion(200, "application/json", []byte(`{"output":{"message":{"content":[{"text":"x"}]}}}`))
+	require.Equal(t, "x", converse, "converse completion reads output.message.content")
+}
+
+func TestBedrockParser_ExtractPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	invoke := BedrockParser{}.ExtractPrompt([]byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`))
+	require.Equal(t, "user: hi", invoke, "invoke prompt reads anthropic content string")
+
+	converse := BedrockParser{}.ExtractPrompt([]byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"text":"hello"}]}]}`))
+	require.Equal(t, "user: hello", converse, "converse prompt reads content parts")
+}
+
+func TestBedrockParser_DetectFromURL(t *testing.T) {
+	require.True(t, BedrockParser{}.DetectFromURL("/model/eu.anthropic.claude/invoke"), "invoke path")
+	require.True(t, BedrockParser{}.DetectFromURL("/model/x/converse-stream"), "converse-stream path")
+	require.False(t, BedrockParser{}.DetectFromURL("/v1/chat/completions"), "openai path is not bedrock")
+}
+
+func TestBedrockParser_RegisteredByName(t *testing.T) {
+	p, ok := ParserByName(ProviderNameBedrock)
+	require.True(t, ok, "bedrock parser is registered")
+	require.Equal(t, ProviderNameBedrock, p.ProviderName())
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/errors.go b/proxy/internal/llm/errors.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09019fbbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/errors.go
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package llm
+
+import "errors"
+
+// Sentinel errors returned by parsers and the pricing loader. Callers use
+// errors.Is to branch on a condition without coupling to parser internals.
+var (
+	// ErrUnknownProvider indicates no parser claimed the request path.
+	ErrUnknownProvider = errors.New("llmobs: unknown provider")
+
+	// ErrUnsupportedModel indicates the response parsed successfully but the
+	// model is absent from the pricing table. Token counts are still valid.
+	ErrUnsupportedModel = errors.New("llmobs: unsupported model")
+
+	// ErrNotLLMResponse indicates the response is not a JSON success body
+	// that a non-streaming parser can consume (non-200 or wrong content type).
+	ErrNotLLMResponse = errors.New("llmobs: not an LLM response")
+
+	// ErrStreamingUnsupported indicates the caller passed an SSE response to
+	// a non-streaming parser. Streaming is handled separately via the SSE
+	// scanner.
+	ErrStreamingUnsupported = errors.New("llmobs: streaming response requires SSE scanner")
+
+	// ErrMalformedResponse indicates the response body could not be decoded
+	// as the provider-specific JSON schema.
+	ErrMalformedResponse = errors.New("llmobs: malformed response body")
+
+	// ErrMalformedRequest indicates the request body could not be decoded as
+	// the provider-specific JSON schema.
+	ErrMalformedRequest = errors.New("llmobs: malformed request body")
+)
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/anthropic_messages.json b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/anthropic_messages.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c9bb663a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/anthropic_messages.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "id": "msg_abc",
+  "type": "message",
+  "role": "assistant",
+  "model": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+  "content": [
+    {
+      "type": "text",
+      "text": "Hello, world!"
+    }
+  ],
+  "stop_reason": "end_turn",
+  "usage": {
+    "input_tokens": 123,
+    "output_tokens": 45
+  }
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/anthropic_stream.txt b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/anthropic_stream.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b8bb889c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/anthropic_stream.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+event: message_start
+data: {"type":"message_start","message":{"id":"msg_abc","type":"message","role":"assistant","model":"claude-sonnet-4-5","content":[],"stop_reason":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":123,"output_tokens":1}}}
+
+event: content_block_start
+data: {"type":"content_block_start","index":0,"content_block":{"type":"text","text":""}}
+
+event: content_block_delta
+data: {"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":"Hello"}}
+
+event: content_block_delta
+data: {"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":", world!"}}
+
+event: content_block_stop
+data: {"type":"content_block_stop","index":0}
+
+event: message_delta
+data: {"type":"message_delta","delta":{"stop_reason":"end_turn","stop_sequence":null},"usage":{"output_tokens":45}}
+
+event: message_stop
+data: {"type":"message_stop"}
+
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_chat_completion.json b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_chat_completion.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0e25337b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_chat_completion.json
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+{
+  "id": "chatcmpl-abc",
+  "object": "chat.completion",
+  "created": 1700000000,
+  "model": "gpt-4o-mini",
+  "choices": [
+    {
+      "index": 0,
+      "message": {
+        "role": "assistant",
+        "content": "Hello, world!"
+      },
+      "finish_reason": "stop"
+    }
+  ],
+  "usage": {
+    "prompt_tokens": 123,
+    "completion_tokens": 45,
+    "total_tokens": 168
+  }
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_responses.json b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_responses.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f998fcd33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_responses.json
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+  "id": "resp_abc",
+  "object": "response",
+  "created_at": 1700000000,
+  "model": "gpt-5.4",
+  "output": [
+    {
+      "type": "message",
+      "role": "assistant",
+      "content": [{"type": "output_text", "text": "ok"}]
+    }
+  ],
+  "usage": {
+    "input_tokens": 15,
+    "input_tokens_details": {
+      "cached_tokens": 0
+    },
+    "output_tokens": 414,
+    "output_tokens_details": {
+      "reasoning_tokens": 0
+    },
+    "total_tokens": 429
+  }
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_responses_stream.txt b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_responses_stream.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2801fa99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_responses_stream.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+event: response.created
+data: {"type":"response.created","response":{"id":"resp_abc","object":"response","model":"gpt-5.5","usage":null}}
+
+event: response.in_progress
+data: {"type":"response.in_progress","response":{"id":"resp_abc","usage":null}}
+
+event: response.output_item.added
+data: {"type":"response.output_item.added","output_index":0,"item":{"type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[]}}
+
+event: response.content_part.added
+data: {"type":"response.content_part.added","item_id":"msg_1","output_index":0,"content_index":0,"part":{"type":"output_text","text":""}}
+
+event: response.output_text.delta
+data: {"type":"response.output_text.delta","item_id":"msg_1","output_index":0,"content_index":0,"delta":"Hello"}
+
+event: response.output_text.delta
+data: {"type":"response.output_text.delta","item_id":"msg_1","output_index":0,"content_index":0,"delta":", world!"}
+
+event: response.output_text.done
+data: {"type":"response.output_text.done","item_id":"msg_1","output_index":0,"content_index":0,"text":"Hello, world!"}
+
+event: response.completed
+data: {"type":"response.completed","response":{"id":"resp_abc","object":"response","model":"gpt-5.5","usage":{"input_tokens":123,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":40},"output_tokens":45,"output_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":12},"total_tokens":168}}}
+
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_stream.txt b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_stream.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..058b7ce22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/fixtures/openai_stream.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+data: {"id":"chatcmpl-abc","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1700000000,"model":"gpt-4o-mini","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"role":"assistant","content":"Hello"},"finish_reason":null}]}
+
+data: {"id":"chatcmpl-abc","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1700000000,"model":"gpt-4o-mini","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{"content":", world!"},"finish_reason":null}]}
+
+data: {"id":"chatcmpl-abc","object":"chat.completion.chunk","created":1700000000,"model":"gpt-4o-mini","choices":[{"index":0,"delta":{},"finish_reason":"stop"}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":123,"completion_tokens":45,"total_tokens":168}}
+
+data: [DONE]
+
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/model.go b/proxy/internal/llm/model.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e056a57a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/model.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	sharedllm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/llm"
+)
+
+// NormalizeBedrockModel strips an ARN wrapper, a cross-region inference-profile
+// prefix, and the version/throughput suffix from a Bedrock model id so it
+// matches the catalog/pricing key. Thin delegate to the shared implementation
+// (shared/llm), which management also uses at synthesis time so both sides of
+// the pricing / routing contract normalize identically.
+func NormalizeBedrockModel(modelID string) string {
+	return sharedllm.NormalizeBedrockModel(modelID)
+}
+
+// NormalizeAnthropicModel strips the trailing "-YYYYMMDD" release-date suffix
+// from an Anthropic model id so a dated id a client pins matches the undated
+// one the operator registered. Thin delegate to shared/llm for the same
+// contract reason as the two below.
+func NormalizeAnthropicModel(modelID string) string {
+	return sharedllm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(modelID)
+}
+
+// NormalizeVertexModel strips the "@version" suffix from a Vertex AI model id
+// so it matches the catalog/pricing key. Thin delegate to shared/llm, kept
+// beside NormalizeBedrockModel for the same contract reason.
+func NormalizeVertexModel(modelID string) string {
+	return sharedllm.NormalizeVertexModel(modelID)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/openai.go b/proxy/internal/llm/openai.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..86ee30797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/openai.go
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// OpenAIParser implements the Parser interface for OpenAI-compatible APIs.
+// It recognizes chat.completions, completions, embeddings, and the newer
+// responses endpoint; any proxy path-prefix stripping is tolerated by the
+// substring match in DetectFromURL.
+type OpenAIParser struct{}
+
+// openAIPathHints are substring patterns that mark a request as
+// OpenAI-shaped. The bare `/chat/completions` is listed alongside
+// `/v1/chat/completions` because gateways like Cloudflare AI
+// Gateway place their own version segment before the provider
+// slug (gateway/v1/{account}/{gateway}/openai/chat/completions) —
+// the canonical `/v1/` ends up nowhere near `/chat/completions`,
+// so the `/v1/chat/completions` hint misses. `/chat/completions`
+// is OpenAI's API contract: any service accepting OpenAI bodies
+// serves at this path, so false-positive risk is negligible.
+// `/completions` (legacy), `/embeddings`, and `/responses` are
+// kept on the canonical-only path because their bare forms are
+// too generic to be safe substrings.
+var openAIPathHints = []string{
+	"/v1/chat/completions",
+	"/v1/completions",
+	"/v1/embeddings",
+	"/v1/responses",
+	"/chat/completions",
+}
+
+// Provider returns ProviderOpenAI.
+func (OpenAIParser) Provider() Provider { return ProviderOpenAI }
+
+// ProviderName returns the stable label used for metrics and metadata.
+func (OpenAIParser) ProviderName() string { return "openai" }
+
+// DetectFromURL reports whether the given request path looks like an OpenAI
+// API endpoint. The match is case-insensitive and substring-based so that a
+// reverse proxy prefix strip or rewrite does not defeat detection.
+func (OpenAIParser) DetectFromURL(path string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(path)
+	for _, hint := range openAIPathHints {
+		if strings.Contains(lower, hint) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type openAIRequest struct {
+	Model         string `json:"model"`
+	Stream        *bool  `json:"stream"`
+	StreamOptions *struct {
+		IncludeUsage *bool `json:"include_usage"`
+	} `json:"stream_options"`
+	// Chat Completions / Completions: messages[].content (string or array of
+	// content parts). Responses API: input is either a string or an array of
+	// items with content parts. We use json.RawMessage to defer parsing each
+	// shape independently.
+	Messages []openAIMessage `json:"messages"`
+	Prompt   json.RawMessage `json:"prompt"`
+	Input    json.RawMessage `json:"input"`
+}
+
+type openAIMessage struct {
+	Role    string          `json:"role"`
+	Content json.RawMessage `json:"content"`
+}
+
+// ParseRequest extracts the model name and streaming flag from an OpenAI
+// request body. Unknown or missing fields leave the corresponding struct
+// members zero-valued.
+func (OpenAIParser) ParseRequest(body []byte) (RequestFacts, error) {
+	var req openAIRequest
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+		return RequestFacts{}, fmt.Errorf("decode openai request: %w: %v", ErrMalformedRequest, err)
+	}
+	return RequestFacts{
+		Model:  req.Model,
+		Stream: ptrDeref(req.Stream),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// openAIResponse accepts both naming conventions in a single struct because
+// OpenAI's older Chat Completions API uses prompt_tokens/completion_tokens
+// while the newer Responses API (/v1/responses) uses input_tokens/output_tokens
+// (aligned with Anthropic). Pointer fields let us tell "absent" from "zero".
+//
+// PromptTokensDetails.CachedTokens (Chat Completions) and
+// InputTokensDetails.CachedTokens (Responses API) carry the SUBSET of
+// prompt/input tokens that hit the prompt cache. Cost-meter applies the
+// discount rate to that subset and the regular rate to the remainder so
+// we never double-bill the cached portion.
+type openAIResponse struct {
+	Usage struct {
+		PromptTokens        *int64 `json:"prompt_tokens"`
+		CompletionTokens    *int64 `json:"completion_tokens"`
+		InputTokens         *int64 `json:"input_tokens"`
+		OutputTokens        *int64 `json:"output_tokens"`
+		TotalTokens         *int64 `json:"total_tokens"`
+		PromptTokensDetails *struct {
+			CachedTokens *int64 `json:"cached_tokens"`
+		} `json:"prompt_tokens_details"`
+		InputTokensDetails *struct {
+			CachedTokens *int64 `json:"cached_tokens"`
+		} `json:"input_tokens_details"`
+	} `json:"usage"`
+}
+
+// ParseResponse decodes the non-streaming OpenAI response envelope. Status
+// codes other than 200 are treated as non-LLM responses so the caller can
+// skip cost accounting without aborting the request.
+func (OpenAIParser) ParseResponse(status int, contentType string, body []byte) (Usage, error) {
+	if status != 200 {
+		return Usage{}, fmt.Errorf("openai status %d: %w", status, ErrNotLLMResponse)
+	}
+	if isEventStream(contentType) {
+		return Usage{}, ErrStreamingUnsupported
+	}
+	if !isJSON(contentType) {
+		return Usage{}, fmt.Errorf("openai content-type %q: %w", contentType, ErrNotLLMResponse)
+	}
+
+	var resp openAIResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &resp); err != nil {
+		return Usage{}, fmt.Errorf("decode openai response: %w: %v", ErrMalformedResponse, err)
+	}
+
+	// Responses-API names take precedence when present; fall back to the older
+	// Chat Completions names. This handles both endpoints transparently
+	// without forcing a per-route configuration.
+	u := Usage{
+		InputTokens:       pickInt64(resp.Usage.InputTokens, resp.Usage.PromptTokens),
+		OutputTokens:      pickInt64(resp.Usage.OutputTokens, resp.Usage.CompletionTokens),
+		TotalTokens:       derefInt64(resp.Usage.TotalTokens),
+		CachedInputTokens: openAICachedTokens(resp),
+	}
+	if u.TotalTokens == 0 && (u.InputTokens > 0 || u.OutputTokens > 0) {
+		u.TotalTokens = u.InputTokens + u.OutputTokens
+	}
+	return u, nil
+}
+
+// openAICachedTokens returns the cached-prompt subset reported by
+// either the Responses-API (input_tokens_details.cached_tokens) or
+// the Chat-Completions API (prompt_tokens_details.cached_tokens).
+// Responses-API takes precedence when both are populated.
+func openAICachedTokens(resp openAIResponse) int64 {
+	// Responses-API details are authoritative when present: an explicit
+	// cached_tokens of 0 must be honored, not treated as missing and
+	// overridden by the Chat-Completions field (which would overstate cache).
+	if resp.Usage.InputTokensDetails != nil && resp.Usage.InputTokensDetails.CachedTokens != nil {
+		return derefInt64(resp.Usage.InputTokensDetails.CachedTokens)
+	}
+	if resp.Usage.PromptTokensDetails != nil {
+		return derefInt64(resp.Usage.PromptTokensDetails.CachedTokens)
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// ExtractPrompt returns the user-visible prompt text from an OpenAI request.
+// Handles chat.completions (messages[].content), legacy completions (prompt
+// string), and the Responses API (input as string or content-part array).
+// Returns "" when nothing extractable is found.
+func (OpenAIParser) ExtractPrompt(body []byte) string {
+	var req openAIRequest
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if len(req.Messages) > 0 {
+		return joinMessages(req.Messages)
+	}
+	if len(req.Input) > 0 {
+		return extractResponsesInput(req.Input)
+	}
+	if len(req.Prompt) > 0 {
+		return decodeStringOrJoin(req.Prompt)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// extractResponsesInput handles the Responses API `input` field. It is one
+// of three shapes: a plain string, an array of message items
+// ({role, content: string | [parts]}) as sent by Codex and the Responses
+// SDK, or a flat array of content parts ({type, text/input_text}). Message
+// items are flattened to "role: text" lines; items without extractable text
+// (reasoning blocks, tool calls) are skipped.
+func extractResponsesInput(raw json.RawMessage) string {
+	if s, ok := tryDecodeString(raw); ok {
+		return s
+	}
+	var items []struct {
+		Role      string          `json:"role"`
+		Content   json.RawMessage `json:"content"`
+		Text      string          `json:"text"`
+		InputText string          `json:"input_text"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &items); err != nil {
+		return extractContentParts(raw)
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, it := range items {
+		var text string
+		switch {
+		case len(it.Content) > 0:
+			text = decodeStringOrJoin(it.Content)
+		case it.Text != "":
+			text = it.Text
+		case it.InputText != "":
+			text = it.InputText
+		}
+		if text == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if b.Len() > 0 {
+			b.WriteByte('\n')
+		}
+		if it.Role != "" {
+			b.WriteString(it.Role)
+			b.WriteString(": ")
+		}
+		b.WriteString(text)
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// ExtractSessionID reads the OpenAI session marker. Codex (the Responses
+// API client) stamps client_metadata.session_id on every request body;
+// plain chat.completions traffic carries no session id and yields "".
+func (OpenAIParser) ExtractSessionID(body []byte) string {
+	var req struct {
+		ClientMetadata struct {
+			SessionID string `json:"session_id"`
+		} `json:"client_metadata"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return req.ClientMetadata.SessionID
+}
+
+type openAIChatChoice struct {
+	Message struct {
+		Role    string          `json:"role"`
+		Content json.RawMessage `json:"content"`
+	} `json:"message"`
+	Text string `json:"text"`
+}
+
+type openAIChatResponse struct {
+	Choices []openAIChatChoice `json:"choices"`
+	// Responses API: output[].content[].text
+	Output []struct {
+		Type    string          `json:"type"`
+		Content json.RawMessage `json:"content"`
+		Text    string          `json:"text"`
+	} `json:"output"`
+	OutputText string `json:"output_text"`
+}
+
+// ExtractCompletion returns the assistant text from a non-streaming OpenAI
+// response. Handles chat.completions (choices[].message.content), legacy
+// completions (choices[].text), and Responses API (output[].content[].text
+// or the convenience output_text field).
+func (OpenAIParser) ExtractCompletion(status int, contentType string, body []byte) string {
+	if status != 200 || isEventStream(contentType) || !isJSON(contentType) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var resp openAIChatResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &resp); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if resp.OutputText != "" {
+		return resp.OutputText
+	}
+	for _, c := range resp.Choices {
+		if len(c.Message.Content) > 0 {
+			if s := decodeStringOrJoin(c.Message.Content); s != "" {
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+		if c.Text != "" {
+			return c.Text
+		}
+	}
+	for _, o := range resp.Output {
+		if o.Text != "" {
+			return o.Text
+		}
+		if len(o.Content) > 0 {
+			if s := extractContentParts(o.Content); s != "" {
+				return s
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// joinMessages flattens a chat.completions messages array into a single
+// "role: content" string per message, separated by newlines. Roles surface
+// system/user/assistant context which is useful for log review.
+func joinMessages(msgs []openAIMessage) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for i, m := range msgs {
+		if i > 0 {
+			b.WriteByte('\n')
+		}
+		if m.Role != "" {
+			b.WriteString(m.Role)
+			b.WriteString(": ")
+		}
+		b.WriteString(decodeStringOrJoin(m.Content))
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// extractContentParts handles the Responses-API content shape, which is
+// either a single string or an array of {type, text} parts. text and
+// input_text both carry user-facing content.
+func extractContentParts(raw json.RawMessage) string {
+	if s, ok := tryDecodeString(raw); ok {
+		return s
+	}
+	var parts []struct {
+		Type      string `json:"type"`
+		Text      string `json:"text"`
+		InputText string `json:"input_text"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &parts); err != nil {
+		// Last-ditch: array of strings.
+		var arr []string
+		if json.Unmarshal(raw, &arr) == nil {
+			return strings.Join(arr, "\n")
+		}
+		return ""
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	for _, p := range parts {
+		var text string
+		switch {
+		case p.Text != "":
+			text = p.Text
+		case p.InputText != "":
+			text = p.InputText
+		}
+		if text == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if b.Len() > 0 {
+			b.WriteByte('\n')
+		}
+		b.WriteString(text)
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// decodeStringOrJoin accepts either a JSON string or a content-parts array
+// (chat.completions multimodal) and returns a flat string. Multimodal parts
+// are separated by newlines; non-text parts are skipped.
+func decodeStringOrJoin(raw json.RawMessage) string {
+	if s, ok := tryDecodeString(raw); ok {
+		return s
+	}
+	return extractContentParts(raw)
+}
+
+func tryDecodeString(raw json.RawMessage) (string, bool) {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	var s string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &s); err == nil {
+		return s, true
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+// pickInt64 returns the first non-nil pointer's value. Used to prefer one
+// naming convention while transparently falling back to another.
+func pickInt64(preferred, fallback *int64) int64 {
+	if preferred != nil {
+		return *preferred
+	}
+	return derefInt64(fallback)
+}
+
+func derefInt64(v *int64) int64 {
+	if v == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return *v
+}
+
+func ptrDeref(b *bool) bool {
+	if b == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return *b
+}
+
+func isEventStream(contentType string) bool {
+	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(contentType), "text/event-stream")
+}
+
+func isJSON(contentType string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(contentType)
+	return strings.Contains(lower, "application/json") || strings.Contains(lower, "+json")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/openai_test.go b/proxy/internal/llm/openai_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a5fca4fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/openai_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestOpenAIDetectFromURL(t *testing.T) {
+	p := OpenAIParser{}
+
+	cases := map[string]bool{
+		"/v1/chat/completions":                  true,
+		"/v1/completions":                       true,
+		"/v1/embeddings":                        true,
+		"/v1/responses":                         true,
+		"/API/V1/Chat/Completions":              true,
+		"/upstream/v1/chat/completions?trace=1": true,
+		// Cloudflare AI Gateway puts its own /v1/{account}/{gateway}
+		// segment between the canonical /v1/ and the provider slug,
+		// so the /v1/chat/completions substring no longer appears
+		// adjacent in the path. The bare /chat/completions hint
+		// catches Cloudflare's OpenAI direct path
+		// (/v1/{account}/{gateway}/openai/chat/completions) and
+		// compat path (/v1/{account}/{gateway}/compat/chat/completions).
+		"/v1/{account}/{gateway}/openai/chat/completions":  true,
+		"/v1/{account}/{gateway}/compat/chat/completions":  true,
+		"/chat/completions":                                true,
+		"/v1/messages":                                     false,
+		"/healthz":                                         false,
+		"":                                                 false,
+	}
+	for path, want := range cases {
+		assert.Equal(t, want, p.DetectFromURL(path), "DetectFromURL(%q)", path)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIParseRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	p := OpenAIParser{}
+
+	t.Run("stream true", func(t *testing.T) {
+		facts, err := p.ParseRequest([]byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o","stream":true,"stream_options":{"include_usage":true}}`))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4o", facts.Model, "request model extracted")
+		assert.True(t, facts.Stream, "request marked as streaming")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("stream default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		facts, err := p.ParseRequest([]byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini"}`))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4o-mini", facts.Model, "request model extracted")
+		assert.False(t, facts.Stream, "missing stream flag defaults to false")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("malformed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseRequest([]byte(`{not json}`))
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, errors.Is(err, ErrMalformedRequest), "sentinel error wrapped")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIParseResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	p := OpenAIParser{}
+
+	t.Run("happy fixture", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("fixtures", "openai_chat_completion.json"))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "fixture must be readable")
+
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(123), usage.InputTokens, "prompt tokens become input")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(45), usage.OutputTokens, "completion tokens become output")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(168), usage.TotalTokens, "total_tokens carried through")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("total computed when missing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":10,"completion_tokens":5}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(15), usage.TotalTokens, "total computed from in+out")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("streaming rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "text/event-stream", []byte(""))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrStreamingUnsupported, "SSE responses must use the scanner")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-200", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseResponse(500, "application/json", []byte(`{"error":"x"}`))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNotLLMResponse, "non-200 rejected as non-LLM")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non-json content type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "text/plain", []byte(`{}`))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrNotLLMResponse, "text/plain treated as non-LLM")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("malformed body", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", []byte(`{not json`))
+		require.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrMalformedResponse, "bad JSON yields malformed error")
+	})
+
+	// Responses-API fixture: /v1/responses returns input_tokens/output_tokens
+	// (Anthropic-style) instead of prompt_tokens/completion_tokens. The parser
+	// must accept both.
+	t.Run("responses api fixture", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("fixtures", "openai_responses.json"))
+		require.NoError(t, err, "fixture must be readable")
+
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(15), usage.InputTokens, "input_tokens should map directly")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(414), usage.OutputTokens, "output_tokens should map directly")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(429), usage.TotalTokens, "total_tokens carried through")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("responses api naming preferred over chat-completions when both present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1,"completion_tokens":2,"input_tokens":15,"output_tokens":414,"total_tokens":429}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(15), usage.InputTokens, "responses-api names take precedence")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(414), usage.OutputTokens, "responses-api names take precedence")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chat-completions naming still works alone", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":15,"completion_tokens":414,"total_tokens":429}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(15), usage.InputTokens, "prompt_tokens fallback")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(414), usage.OutputTokens, "completion_tokens fallback")
+	})
+
+	// Cached-prompt accounting. cached_tokens is a SUBSET of
+	// prompt_tokens — input_tokens carries the full prompt count and
+	// the cached subset is reported separately so the cost meter can
+	// apply the discount rate to that portion.
+	t.Run("chat-completions cached_tokens subset surfaces", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1024,"completion_tokens":200,"total_tokens":1224,"prompt_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":768}}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(1024), usage.InputTokens, "input remains the full prompt count — cached is a subset, not a separate bucket")
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(768), usage.CachedInputTokens, "cached_tokens must surface so cost meter can discount the cached subset")
+		assert.Zero(t, usage.CacheCreationTokens, "OpenAI has no cache_creation analogue")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("responses-api input_tokens_details.cached_tokens surfaces", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":2048,"output_tokens":100,"total_tokens":2148,"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":1500}}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(2048), usage.InputTokens)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(1500), usage.CachedInputTokens, "Responses-API input_tokens_details.cached_tokens path must surface too")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("responses-api cached takes precedence over chat-completions when both present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1,"input_tokens":2,"output_tokens":3,"prompt_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":50},"input_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":99}}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(99), usage.CachedInputTokens, "Responses-API field wins when both naming conventions are present")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("absent cached_tokens leaves cached counts at zero", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":15,"completion_tokens":414,"total_tokens":429}}`)
+		usage, err := p.ParseResponse(200, "application/json", body)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Zero(t, usage.CachedInputTokens, "no prompt_tokens_details = no cached subset")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIExtractPrompt_ChatCompletions(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[{"role":"system","content":"be brief"},{"role":"user","content":"ping"}]}`)
+	got := OpenAIParser{}.ExtractPrompt(body)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, got, "messages array must extract")
+	require.Contains(t, got, "system: be brief", "system role and content surface")
+	require.Contains(t, got, "user: ping", "user role and content surface")
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIExtractPrompt_ResponsesAPIStringInput(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.4","input":"Hello there"}`)
+	got := OpenAIParser{}.ExtractPrompt(body)
+	require.Equal(t, "Hello there", got, "string input field should pass through")
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIExtractPrompt_ResponsesAPIInputParts(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.4","input":[{"type":"input_text","input_text":"first"},{"type":"input_text","input_text":"second"}]}`)
+	got := OpenAIParser{}.ExtractPrompt(body)
+	require.Contains(t, got, "first", "first content part surfaces")
+	require.Contains(t, got, "second", "second content part surfaces")
+}
+
+// TestOpenAIExtractPrompt_ResponsesAPIMessageItems guards the live Codex
+// shape: input is an array of message items whose text is nested under
+// content[].text, not flat content parts. The old code fed the outer array
+// to the content-part decoder and extracted nothing, so the stored prompt
+// was empty.
+func TestOpenAIExtractPrompt_ResponsesAPIMessageItems(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","input":[` +
+		`{"type":"message","role":"developer","content":[{"type":"input_text","text":"system rules"}]},` +
+		`{"type":"message","role":"user","content":[{"type":"input_text","text":"hello there"}]},` +
+		`{"type":"reasoning","encrypted_content":"opaque","summary":[]},` +
+		`{"type":"message","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"output_text","text":"prior reply"}]}` +
+		`]}`)
+	got := OpenAIParser{}.ExtractPrompt(body)
+	require.Contains(t, got, "system rules", "developer message content must surface")
+	require.Contains(t, got, "hello there", "user message content must surface")
+	require.Contains(t, got, "developer:", "role labels must prefix each message")
+	require.NotContains(t, got, "opaque", "reasoning items without text must be skipped")
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIExtractPrompt_LegacyCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"text-davinci-003","prompt":"once upon a time"}`)
+	got := OpenAIParser{}.ExtractPrompt(body)
+	require.Equal(t, "once upon a time", got, "string prompt field should pass through")
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIExtractSessionID(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("codex client_metadata.session_id", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","client_metadata":{"session_id":"019eeb72-ab7c-7cd2","thread_id":"t1"},"input":[]}`)
+		assert.Equal(t, "019eeb72-ab7c-7cd2", OpenAIParser{}.ExtractSessionID(body), "Codex session id must come from client_metadata.session_id")
+	})
+	t.Run("plain chat has no session", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		assert.Equal(t, "", OpenAIParser{}.ExtractSessionID(body), "plain chat.completions carries no session id")
+	})
+	t.Run("non-JSON yields empty", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "", OpenAIParser{}.ExtractSessionID([]byte("not json")), "malformed body must not error")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIExtractCompletion_ChatCompletions(t *testing.T) {
+	body, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("fixtures", "openai_chat_completion.json"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got := OpenAIParser{}.ExtractCompletion(200, "application/json", body)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, got, "fixture has assistant content")
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIExtractCompletion_ResponsesAPI(t *testing.T) {
+	body, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join("fixtures", "openai_responses.json"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	got := OpenAIParser{}.ExtractCompletion(200, "application/json", body)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, got, "responses-api fixture has output content")
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIExtractCompletion_Streaming(t *testing.T) {
+	got := OpenAIParser{}.ExtractCompletion(200, "text/event-stream", []byte(""))
+	require.Empty(t, got, "streaming responses are skipped")
+}
+
+func TestOpenAIExtractCompletion_NonOK(t *testing.T) {
+	got := OpenAIParser{}.ExtractCompletion(500, "application/json", []byte(`{"choices":[{"message":{"content":"x"}}]}`))
+	require.Empty(t, got, "non-200 returns empty")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/parser.go b/proxy/internal/llm/parser.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81fa11f97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/parser.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Package llm provides the shared LLM request and response parsing
+// library consumed by proxy middleware. It is runtime agnostic: the same
+// package is used by the native built-in executor now and will be reused
+// by the WASM adapter later.
+package llm
+
+// Provider identifies an LLM API provider.
+type Provider int
+
+const (
+	// ProviderUnknown signals that no parser matched the request.
+	ProviderUnknown Provider = 0
+	// ProviderOpenAI identifies the OpenAI API surface.
+	ProviderOpenAI Provider = 1
+	// ProviderAnthropic identifies the Anthropic Messages API surface.
+	ProviderAnthropic Provider = 2
+	// ProviderBedrock identifies the AWS Bedrock runtime surface.
+	ProviderBedrock Provider = 3
+)
+
+// RequestFacts captures the subset of the LLM request body that the
+// middleware annotates as metadata (model, streaming flag). Additional
+// fields are added as parsers grow.
+type RequestFacts struct {
+	Model  string
+	Stream bool
+}
+
+// Usage is the provider-agnostic token accounting emitted to metrics and
+// access logs. Downstream consumers map InputTokens/OutputTokens to the
+// plg.llm.* metadata allowlist entries.
+//
+// CachedInputTokens carries OpenAI's prompt_tokens_details.cached_tokens
+// (a SUBSET of InputTokens) when the response is from OpenAI, or
+// Anthropic's cache_read_input_tokens (ADDITIVE to InputTokens) when from
+// Anthropic. The cost meter switches formula on KeyLLMProvider so the
+// two shapes are billed correctly without double-counting.
+//
+// CacheCreationTokens carries Anthropic's cache_creation_input_tokens
+// (ADDITIVE; not present in the OpenAI shape).
+type Usage struct {
+	InputTokens         int64
+	OutputTokens        int64
+	TotalTokens         int64
+	CachedInputTokens   int64
+	CacheCreationTokens int64
+}
+
+// Parser is the per-provider interface implemented in this package. The
+// dispatcher selects a parser by calling DetectFromURL against the incoming
+// request path; ties break by registration order (see Parsers).
+type Parser interface {
+	Provider() Provider
+	ProviderName() string
+	DetectFromURL(path string) bool
+	ParseRequest(body []byte) (RequestFacts, error)
+	ParseResponse(status int, contentType string, body []byte) (Usage, error)
+	// ExtractPrompt returns the user-facing prompt text from a request body.
+	// Different endpoint shapes (chat.completions, responses, messages) are
+	// handled by the per-provider implementation. Returns "" when no prompt
+	// can be extracted; never returns an error — extraction is best-effort
+	// because callers use the result for observability, not authorization.
+	ExtractPrompt(body []byte) string
+	// ExtractCompletion returns the assistant-facing completion text from a
+	// non-streaming response body. status and contentType match the
+	// ParseResponse arguments so implementations can fast-fail uniformly.
+	ExtractCompletion(status int, contentType string, body []byte) string
+	// ExtractSessionID returns a stable identifier that groups requests of
+	// the same conversation / coding session, read from the per-provider
+	// location clients populate (e.g. OpenAI Codex's client_metadata.session_id,
+	// Claude Code's metadata.user_id). Returns "" when the body carries no
+	// recognised session marker; extraction is best-effort and never errors.
+	ExtractSessionID(body []byte) string
+}
+
+// Parsers returns the built-in parser set in a stable order. The order is
+// deterministic so that DetectFromURL ties produce consistent routing.
+func Parsers() []Parser {
+	return []Parser{
+		OpenAIParser{},
+		AnthropicParser{},
+		BedrockParser{},
+	}
+}
+
+// DetectParser returns the first parser whose DetectFromURL matches the given
+// request path. ok=false means no parser claimed the path.
+func DetectParser(path string) (Parser, bool) {
+	for _, p := range Parsers() {
+		if p.DetectFromURL(path) {
+			return p, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// ParserByName returns the parser whose ProviderName matches id. Used by
+// callers that already know which provider surface a request will hit
+// (e.g. the agent-network middleware chain configured per synthesised
+// service) so they can skip URL sniffing. ok=false when no parser is
+// registered under that name.
+func ParserByName(id string) (Parser, bool) {
+	if id == "" {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	for _, p := range Parsers() {
+		if p.ProviderName() == id {
+			return p, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/parser_test.go b/proxy/internal/llm/parser_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3052ce68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/parser_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParsers_ProviderNames(t *testing.T) {
+	parsers := Parsers()
+	require.Len(t, parsers, 3, "three built-in parsers expected")
+
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(parsers))
+	for _, p := range parsers {
+		names = append(names, p.ProviderName())
+	}
+	assert.Contains(t, names, "openai", "OpenAI parser should be registered")
+	assert.Contains(t, names, "anthropic", "Anthropic parser should be registered")
+	assert.Contains(t, names, "bedrock", "Bedrock parser should be registered")
+}
+
+func TestDetectParser(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name         string
+		path         string
+		expectedName string
+		expectOK     bool
+	}{
+		{"openai chat", "/v1/chat/completions", "openai", true},
+		{"openai prefixed", "/api/v1/chat/completions", "openai", true},
+		{"openai responses", "/v1/responses", "openai", true},
+		{"anthropic messages", "/v1/messages", "anthropic", true},
+		{"anthropic prefixed", "/proxy/v1/messages?query", "anthropic", true},
+		{"unknown path", "/healthz", "", false},
+		{"empty path", "", "", false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p, ok := DetectParser(tc.path)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.expectOK, ok, "detection success mismatch for %q", tc.path)
+			if ok {
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedName, p.ProviderName(), "provider name mismatch")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProviderValues(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, Provider(0), ProviderUnknown, "unknown provider is the zero value")
+	assert.Equal(t, ProviderOpenAI, OpenAIParser{}.Provider(), "OpenAI parser reports its provider enum")
+	assert.Equal(t, ProviderAnthropic, AnthropicParser{}.Provider(), "Anthropic parser reports its provider enum")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go b/proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52cedb60e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing.go
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+// Package pricing implements the pricing table and cost formula the
+// cost_meter middleware uses to convert LLM token usage into a USD cost
+// estimate. The table's content arrives from the management server inside
+// cost_meter's middleware config (synthesized from the catalog plus the
+// operator's stored per-provider prices) — the proxy carries no embedded
+// price list. Price updates ride the ordinary mapping push: a chain
+// rebuild constructs a fresh table, so there is nothing to reload.
+package pricing
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+
+	sharedllm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/llm"
+)
+
+// Entry is a single model's input and output pricing, expressed in USD per
+// 1000 tokens.
+//
+// CachedInputPer1K applies to OpenAI's cached prompt tokens, which are a
+// subset of input_tokens — when set, the cached portion is billed at this
+// rate and the non-cached remainder at InputPer1K. Zero means "no discount
+// configured", and cached tokens are billed at InputPer1K.
+//
+// CacheReadPer1K and CacheCreationPer1K apply to Anthropic's two prompt-
+// cache fields, which are additive to input_tokens: cache_read is the
+// cheaper read-from-cache rate, cache_creation is the more expensive
+// write-to-cache rate. Zero means "no rate configured" and the
+// corresponding token bucket is billed at InputPer1K.
+type Entry struct {
+	InputPer1K         float64
+	OutputPer1K        float64
+	CachedInputPer1K   float64
+	CacheReadPer1K     float64
+	CacheCreationPer1K float64
+}
+
+// EntryJSON is the wire shape of a pricing entry inside cost_meter's
+// middleware config. Field names are the management→proxy contract; the
+// management synthesizer marshals the same names (its pricing.Entry).
+type EntryJSON struct {
+	InputPer1K         float64 `json:"input_per_1k"`
+	OutputPer1K        float64 `json:"output_per_1k"`
+	CachedInputPer1K   float64 `json:"cached_input_per_1k"`
+	CacheReadPer1K     float64 `json:"cache_read_per_1k"`
+	CacheCreationPer1K float64 `json:"cache_creation_per_1k"`
+}
+
+// Table is a provider-surface-to-model pricing lookup. Instances are
+// immutable once built; a mapping update builds a whole new middleware
+// instance (and with it a new table) rather than mutating this one.
+type Table struct {
+	entries map[string]map[string]Entry
+}
+
+// NewEntries validates and converts a wire-shape map (surface-or-record ->
+// model -> rates) into the internal representation. Every rate must be a
+// finite, non-negative USD amount; a violation is returned as an error so
+// a corrupt config fails the chain build loudly instead of mispricing.
+// Management validates the same constraints at its API boundary, so this
+// is defense-in-depth. Nil input yields an empty (never-matching) map.
+func NewEntries(raw map[string]map[string]EntryJSON) (map[string]map[string]Entry, error) {
+	out := make(map[string]map[string]Entry, len(raw))
+	for outer, models := range raw {
+		inner := make(map[string]Entry, len(models))
+		for model, e := range models {
+			for field, v := range map[string]float64{
+				"input_per_1k":          e.InputPer1K,
+				"output_per_1k":         e.OutputPer1K,
+				"cached_input_per_1k":   e.CachedInputPer1K,
+				"cache_read_per_1k":     e.CacheReadPer1K,
+				"cache_creation_per_1k": e.CacheCreationPer1K,
+			} {
+				if v < 0 || math.IsNaN(v) || math.IsInf(v, 0) {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("pricing %s/%s: %s must be a finite, non-negative rate, got %v", outer, model, field, v)
+				}
+			}
+			// EntryJSON and Entry are field-identical (tags aside), so a
+			// direct conversion carries all five rates.
+			inner[model] = Entry(e)
+		}
+		out[outer] = inner
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// NewTable builds an immutable Table from the wire-shape defaults map.
+// See NewEntries for validation semantics.
+func NewTable(raw map[string]map[string]EntryJSON) (*Table, error) {
+	entries, err := NewEntries(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Table{entries: entries}, nil
+}
+
+// Lookup returns the entry for the given provider surface and model. A
+// dated Anthropic id falls back to its undated form, so a client pinning
+// "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929" bills at the registered "claude-sonnet-4-5"
+// rate instead of recording no cost at all.
+func (t *Table) Lookup(provider, model string) (Entry, bool) {
+	if t == nil {
+		return Entry{}, false
+	}
+	byModel, ok := t.entries[provider]
+	if !ok {
+		return Entry{}, false
+	}
+	if e, found := byModel[model]; found {
+		return e, true
+	}
+	undated := sharedllm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(model)
+	if undated == model {
+		return Entry{}, false
+	}
+	e, ok := byModel[undated]
+	return e, ok
+}
+
+// Has reports whether the provider/model pair is present in the table.
+func (t *Table) Has(provider, model string) bool {
+	_, ok := t.Lookup(provider, model)
+	return ok
+}
+
+// Cost returns the estimated USD cost for the given token counts. ok is
+// false when the provider or model is not present in the table; the caller
+// can still emit token metrics with a model=unknown label.
+func (t *Table) Cost(provider, model string, inTokens, outTokens, cachedInput, cacheCreation int64) (float64, bool) {
+	c, ok := t.Costs(provider, model, inTokens, outTokens, cachedInput, cacheCreation)
+	return c.TotalUSD, ok
+}
+
+// Costs returns the estimated USD cost split for the given token counts.
+// The provider surface selects the cache formula; see EntryCosts.
+func (t *Table) Costs(provider, model string, inTokens, outTokens, cachedInput, cacheCreation int64) (Costs, bool) {
+	entry, ok := t.Lookup(provider, model)
+	if !ok {
+		return Costs{}, false
+	}
+	return EntryCosts(entry, provider, inTokens, outTokens, cachedInput, cacheCreation), true
+}
+
+// Costs is a per-request cost split. The four per-bucket fields are the base
+// of the breakdown — one per token bucket the provider bills separately — and
+// the two aggregates are derived from them:
+//
+//	TotalUSD = InputUSD + CachedInputUSD + CacheCreationUSD + OutputUSD
+//	CacheUSD = CachedInputUSD + CacheCreationUSD
+//
+// InputUSD is always the cost of the *non-cached* input bucket, for both
+// provider shapes: on OpenAI the cached subset is carved out of inTokens and
+// billed as CachedInputUSD, so the two never double-count. Buckets a provider
+// doesn't bill are zero, which keeps the identities above true everywhere.
+type Costs struct {
+	InputUSD         float64
+	CachedInputUSD   float64
+	CacheCreationUSD float64
+	OutputUSD        float64
+	TotalUSD         float64
+	CacheUSD         float64
+}
+
+// newCosts assembles a split from its per-bucket parts, deriving the two
+// aggregates so TotalUSD and CacheUSD can never drift from the breakdown.
+func newCosts(input, cachedInput, cacheCreation, output float64) Costs {
+	return Costs{
+		InputUSD:         input,
+		CachedInputUSD:   cachedInput,
+		CacheCreationUSD: cacheCreation,
+		OutputUSD:        output,
+		TotalUSD:         input + cachedInput + cacheCreation + output,
+		CacheUSD:         cachedInput + cacheCreation,
+	}
+}
+
+// EntryCosts computes the USD cost split for the given entry and token
+// counts. The surface (the llm.provider value the request parser stamps)
+// selects the cache formula; the entry may come from the surface-keyed
+// defaults table or from a per-provider-record override — the math is
+// identical either way.
+//
+// Provider-shape semantics for cached / cache-creation counts:
+//
+//   - "openai": cachedInput is a SUBSET of inTokens. The cached portion is
+//     billed at CachedInputPer1K (or InputPer1K when no override), and the
+//     non-cached remainder of inTokens at InputPer1K. cacheCreation is
+//     ignored (OpenAI has no analogue).
+//   - "anthropic", "bedrock": cachedInput (cache_read) and cacheCreation are
+//     ADDITIVE to inTokens. The three buckets are billed at CacheReadPer1K,
+//     CacheCreationPer1K, and InputPer1K respectively, each falling back
+//     to InputPer1K when the corresponding rate is zero.
+//   - Other surfaces: cached and cacheCreation are ignored; cost is
+//     inTokens*InputPer1K + outTokens*OutputPer1K.
+func EntryCosts(entry Entry, surface string, inTokens, outTokens, cachedInput, cacheCreation int64) Costs {
+	// Clamp negatives to zero before any pricing math so a malformed
+	// upstream count can never produce a negative cost.
+	if inTokens < 0 {
+		inTokens = 0
+	}
+	if outTokens < 0 {
+		outTokens = 0
+	}
+	if cachedInput < 0 {
+		cachedInput = 0
+	}
+	if cacheCreation < 0 {
+		cacheCreation = 0
+	}
+	output := (float64(outTokens) / 1000.0) * entry.OutputPer1K
+	switch surface {
+	case "openai":
+		// cachedInput is a subset of inTokens; clamp so a malformed
+		// upstream (cached > total) can't produce a negative remainder.
+		clamped := cachedInput
+		if clamped > inTokens {
+			clamped = inTokens
+		}
+		cachedRate := entry.CachedInputPer1K
+		if cachedRate <= 0 {
+			cachedRate = entry.InputPer1K
+		}
+		nonCached := float64(inTokens-clamped) / 1000.0 * entry.InputPer1K
+		cached := float64(clamped) / 1000.0 * cachedRate
+		return newCosts(nonCached, cached, 0, output)
+	case "anthropic", "bedrock":
+		// Bedrock-Anthropic returns the same additive cache buckets as
+		// first-party Anthropic; non-Anthropic Bedrock models simply report
+		// zero cache tokens, so this formula degrades to input + output.
+		readRate := entry.CacheReadPer1K
+		if readRate <= 0 {
+			readRate = entry.InputPer1K
+		}
+		createRate := entry.CacheCreationPer1K
+		if createRate <= 0 {
+			createRate = entry.InputPer1K
+		}
+		input := float64(inTokens) / 1000.0 * entry.InputPer1K
+		read := float64(cachedInput) / 1000.0 * readRate
+		create := float64(cacheCreation) / 1000.0 * createRate
+		return newCosts(input, read, create, output)
+	default:
+		input := float64(inTokens) / 1000.0 * entry.InputPer1K
+		return newCosts(input, 0, 0, output)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing_test.go b/proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7d339f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/pricing/pricing_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+package pricing
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestCost_OpenAICachedSubsetDiscount proves OpenAI's cached input
+// tokens are billed at the configured cached_input_per_1k rate while
+// the non-cached remainder of input_tokens is billed at the regular
+// rate. Critical because OpenAI returns cached_tokens as a SUBSET of
+// prompt_tokens — naïvely charging the cached count on top of
+// prompt_tokens would double-bill that portion.
+func TestCost_OpenAICachedSubsetDiscount(t *testing.T) {
+	tbl := &Table{entries: map[string]map[string]Entry{
+		"openai": {"gpt-4o": {
+			InputPer1K:       0.0025, // 0.0025 USD per 1k input tokens
+			OutputPer1K:      0.01,
+			CachedInputPer1K: 0.00125, // 0.5x discount on cached
+		}},
+	}}
+	// 1000 prompt tokens, 750 of which were cached. 250 non-cached
+	// at regular rate, 750 cached at the discount rate, 500 output.
+	cost, ok := tbl.Cost("openai", "gpt-4o", 1000, 500, 750, 0)
+	require.True(t, ok, "known model resolves")
+	want := (250.0/1000.0)*0.0025 + (750.0/1000.0)*0.00125 + (500.0/1000.0)*0.01
+	assert.InDelta(t, want, cost, 1e-12,
+		"cached subset must bill at the discount rate; non-cached remainder at regular rate")
+}
+
+// TestCost_OpenAICachedFallsBackToInputRate covers the fallback
+// contract: when CachedInputPer1K is unset (zero), cached tokens bill
+// at the regular input rate.
+func TestCost_OpenAICachedFallsBackToInputRate(t *testing.T) {
+	tbl := &Table{entries: map[string]map[string]Entry{
+		"openai": {"gpt-4o": {InputPer1K: 0.0025, OutputPer1K: 0.01}},
+	}}
+	cost, ok := tbl.Cost("openai", "gpt-4o", 1000, 500, 750, 0)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	want := 0.0025 + (500.0/1000.0)*0.01
+	assert.InDelta(t, want, cost, 1e-12,
+		"absent cached_input_per_1k rate must fall back to input_per_1k")
+}
+
+// TestCost_OpenAIClampsCachedToInputCount is the defensive guard
+// against malformed upstream responses that report cached_tokens >
+// prompt_tokens. We clamp so the formula never produces a negative
+// "non-cached remainder" multiplied by the input rate.
+func TestCost_OpenAIClampsCachedToInputCount(t *testing.T) {
+	tbl := &Table{entries: map[string]map[string]Entry{
+		"openai": {"gpt-4o": {InputPer1K: 0.0025, OutputPer1K: 0.01, CachedInputPer1K: 0.00125}},
+	}}
+	cost, ok := tbl.Cost("openai", "gpt-4o", 100, 0, 9999, 0)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	// All 100 cached, 0 non-cached. Output is 0.
+	want := (100.0 / 1000.0) * 0.00125
+	assert.InDelta(t, want, cost, 1e-12,
+		"cached count > input count must clamp to input — never bill negative non-cached tokens")
+}
+
+// TestCost_AnthropicCacheReadAndCreationAreAdditive proves the
+// Anthropic shape: cache_read and cache_creation tokens are
+// ADDITIVE to input_tokens (not subset), each billed at its own
+// configured rate.
+func TestCost_AnthropicCacheReadAndCreationAreAdditive(t *testing.T) {
+	tbl := &Table{entries: map[string]map[string]Entry{
+		"anthropic": {"claude-sonnet": {
+			InputPer1K:         0.003,
+			OutputPer1K:        0.015,
+			CacheReadPer1K:     0.0003,  // 0.1x of input
+			CacheCreationPer1K: 0.00375, // 1.25x of input
+		}},
+	}}
+	// 256 regular input + 768 cache_read + 512 cache_creation +
+	// 200 output. Each input bucket bills at its own rate.
+	cost, ok := tbl.Cost("anthropic", "claude-sonnet", 256, 200, 768, 512)
+	require.True(t, ok, "known model resolves")
+	want := (256.0/1000.0)*0.003 +
+		(768.0/1000.0)*0.0003 +
+		(512.0/1000.0)*0.00375 +
+		(200.0/1000.0)*0.015
+	assert.InDelta(t, want, cost, 1e-12,
+		"each Anthropic input bucket must bill at its own configured rate")
+}
+
+// TestCost_AnthropicCacheRatesFallBackToInput covers the no-rate
+// path: when neither CacheReadPer1K nor CacheCreationPer1K is set,
+// cache tokens bill at the regular input rate.
+func TestCost_AnthropicCacheRatesFallBackToInput(t *testing.T) {
+	tbl := &Table{entries: map[string]map[string]Entry{
+		"anthropic": {"claude-sonnet": {InputPer1K: 0.003, OutputPer1K: 0.015}},
+	}}
+	cost, ok := tbl.Cost("anthropic", "claude-sonnet", 256, 200, 768, 512)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	// Without overrides: every input bucket at input_per_1k.
+	want := ((256.0+768.0+512.0)/1000.0)*0.003 + (200.0/1000.0)*0.015
+	assert.InDelta(t, want, cost, 1e-12,
+		"absent cache rates must fall back to input_per_1k")
+}
+
+// TestEntryCosts_SurfaceSelectsFormula pins that the formula branches on
+// the SURFACE, not on which table the entry came from: the same entry
+// bills a subset carve-out on "openai", additive buckets on
+// "anthropic"/"bedrock", and ignores cache counts everywhere else. This
+// is what keeps per-provider-record entries (looked up by record id)
+// mathematically identical to defaults-table entries.
+func TestEntryCosts_SurfaceSelectsFormula(t *testing.T) {
+	e := Entry{InputPer1K: 0.002, OutputPer1K: 0.01, CachedInputPer1K: 0.001, CacheReadPer1K: 0.0002, CacheCreationPer1K: 0.0025}
+
+	openai := EntryCosts(e, "openai", 1000, 0, 400, 300)
+	assert.InDelta(t, (600.0/1000.0)*0.002+(400.0/1000.0)*0.001, openai.TotalUSD, 1e-12,
+		"openai: cached is a subset, cacheCreation ignored")
+
+	anthropic := EntryCosts(e, "anthropic", 1000, 0, 400, 300)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.002+(400.0/1000.0)*0.0002+(300.0/1000.0)*0.0025, anthropic.TotalUSD, 1e-12,
+		"anthropic: cache buckets are additive")
+
+	bedrock := EntryCosts(e, "bedrock", 1000, 0, 400, 300)
+	assert.InDelta(t, anthropic.TotalUSD, bedrock.TotalUSD, 1e-12, "bedrock shares the anthropic formula")
+
+	other := EntryCosts(e, "gemini", 1000, 0, 400, 300)
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.002, other.TotalUSD, 1e-12, "unknown surface: cache counts ignored")
+}
+
+// TestEntryCosts_ClampsNegativeTokens: malformed upstream counts must
+// never produce a negative cost.
+func TestEntryCosts_ClampsNegativeTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	e := Entry{InputPer1K: 0.002, OutputPer1K: 0.01}
+	c := EntryCosts(e, "openai", -50, -10, -5, -3)
+	assert.Zero(t, c.TotalUSD, "all-negative counts clamp to zero cost")
+}
+
+func TestTableCost_NilSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	var t1 *Table
+	cost, ok := t1.Cost("x", "y", 1, 1, 0, 0)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "nil table reports unknown")
+	assert.Zero(t, cost, "nil table returns zero cost")
+	assert.False(t, t1.Has("x", "y"), "nil table has nothing")
+}
+
+func TestNewTable_ValidatesRates(t *testing.T) {
+	good := map[string]map[string]EntryJSON{
+		"openai": {"gpt-4o": {InputPer1K: 0.0025, OutputPer1K: 0.01, CachedInputPer1K: 0.00125}},
+	}
+	tbl, err := NewTable(good)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cost, ok := tbl.Cost("openai", "gpt-4o", 1000, 1000, 0, 0)
+	require.True(t, ok, "entry survives the wire conversion")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0125, cost, 1e-9)
+
+	_, ok = tbl.Cost("openai", "unknown-model", 1, 1, 0, 0)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "unknown model misses")
+
+	for name, bad := range map[string]EntryJSON{
+		"negative input":  {InputPer1K: -1, OutputPer1K: 0.01},
+		"NaN output":      {InputPer1K: 0.01, OutputPer1K: math.NaN()},
+		"Inf cache read":  {InputPer1K: 0.01, OutputPer1K: 0.01, CacheReadPer1K: math.Inf(1)},
+		"negative cached": {InputPer1K: 0.01, OutputPer1K: 0.01, CachedInputPer1K: -0.001},
+	} {
+		_, err := NewTable(map[string]map[string]EntryJSON{"openai": {"m": bad}})
+		assert.Error(t, err, "case %q must be rejected so a corrupt config fails the chain build instead of mispricing", name)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewTable_NilAndEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	tbl, err := NewTable(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "nil map builds an empty (never-matching) table")
+	_, ok := tbl.Cost("openai", "gpt-4o", 1, 1, 0, 0)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "empty table prices nothing")
+
+	entries, err := NewEntries(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, entries, "nil in, empty (never-matching) map out for the per-record map")
+}
+
+// TestLookup_DatedAnthropicIDFallsBackToUndated covers a client pinning a
+// release date on a model priced under its undated id. Without the
+// fallback the request records no cost at all.
+func TestLookup_DatedAnthropicIDFallsBackToUndated(t *testing.T) {
+	table, err := NewTable(map[string]map[string]EntryJSON{
+		"anthropic": {
+			"claude-sonnet-4-5": {InputPer1K: 0.003, OutputPer1K: 0.015},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "table must build from a valid defaults map")
+
+	entry, ok := table.Lookup("anthropic", "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929")
+	require.True(t, ok, "a dated id must resolve to the undated entry")
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.003, entry.InputPer1K, 1e-9, "dated id must bill at the registered rate")
+
+	_, ok = table.Lookup("anthropic", "claude-sonnet-9-9-20250929")
+	assert.False(t, ok, "an unknown family must stay unpriced")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/sse.go b/proxy/internal/llm/sse.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d33ab577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/sse.go
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Event represents a single server-sent event. Type is the dispatch name
+// carried on an "event:" line (empty when the stream uses only "data:"
+// lines). Data is the concatenation of every "data:" line that made up the
+// event, joined by a single newline.
+type Event struct {
+	Type string
+	Data string
+}
+
+// Scanner reads SSE events from an underlying byte stream. Events are
+// delimited by a blank line ("\n\n"). CRLF line endings are normalized to LF
+// transparently so fixtures captured from live servers can be replayed.
+//
+// Scanner is not safe for concurrent use.
+type Scanner struct {
+	r       *bufio.Reader
+	maxLine int
+}
+
+// NewScanner wraps the given reader. The default underlying buffer size is
+// large enough for typical provider events (~64 KiB); callers needing
+// larger events can wrap the reader in their own bufio.Reader beforehand.
+func NewScanner(r io.Reader) *Scanner {
+	return &Scanner{
+		r:       bufio.NewReaderSize(r, 64*1024),
+		maxLine: 1 << 20,
+	}
+}
+
+// Next returns the next event. It returns io.EOF after the final event has
+// been consumed. A trailing event that is not terminated by a blank line is
+// still returned before io.EOF so that servers which close the connection
+// without a trailing newline are handled correctly.
+func (s *Scanner) Next() (Event, error) {
+	var (
+		event   Event
+		dataBuf strings.Builder
+		hasData bool
+		hasAny  bool
+	)
+
+	for {
+		line, err := s.readLine()
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && hasAny {
+				event.Data = dataBuf.String()
+				return event, nil
+			}
+			return Event{}, err
+		}
+
+		if line == "" {
+			if !hasAny {
+				continue
+			}
+			event.Data = dataBuf.String()
+			return event, nil
+		}
+
+		hasAny = true
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, ":") {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		field, value := splitField(line)
+		switch field {
+		case "event":
+			event.Type = value
+		case "data":
+			if hasData {
+				dataBuf.WriteByte('\n')
+			}
+			dataBuf.WriteString(value)
+			hasData = true
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Scanner) readLine() (string, error) {
+	line, err := s.r.ReadString('\n')
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && line != "" {
+			return trimEOL(line), nil
+		}
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if len(line) > s.maxLine {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("sse line exceeds %d bytes", s.maxLine)
+	}
+	return trimEOL(line), nil
+}
+
+func trimEOL(line string) string {
+	line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\n")
+	line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\r")
+	return line
+}
+
+func splitField(line string) (string, string) {
+	idx := strings.IndexByte(line, ':')
+	if idx < 0 {
+		return line, ""
+	}
+	field := line[:idx]
+	value := strings.TrimPrefix(line[idx+1:], " ")
+	return field, value
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/llm/sse_test.go b/proxy/internal/llm/sse_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96cecc111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/llm/sse_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func collectEvents(t *testing.T, r io.Reader) []Event {
+	t.Helper()
+	s := NewScanner(r)
+	var out []Event
+	for {
+		ev, err := s.Next()
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			return out
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, err, "unexpected error scanning SSE")
+		out = append(out, ev)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSSEScanner_OpenAIFixture(t *testing.T) {
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join("fixtures", "openai_stream.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "fixture must be openable")
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	events := collectEvents(t, f)
+	require.Len(t, events, 4, "expected 4 data frames (3 chunks + [DONE])")
+
+	for _, ev := range events {
+		assert.Empty(t, ev.Type, "OpenAI stream uses data-only frames")
+	}
+	assert.Contains(t, events[2].Data, `"usage"`, "third chunk carries usage block")
+	assert.Equal(t, "[DONE]", events[3].Data, "final frame is the OpenAI DONE sentinel")
+}
+
+func TestSSEScanner_AnthropicFixture(t *testing.T) {
+	f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join("fixtures", "anthropic_stream.txt"))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "fixture must be openable")
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	events := collectEvents(t, f)
+	require.Len(t, events, 7, "expected 7 Anthropic events")
+
+	types := make([]string, 0, len(events))
+	for _, ev := range events {
+		types = append(types, ev.Type)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{
+		"message_start",
+		"content_block_start",
+		"content_block_delta",
+		"content_block_delta",
+		"content_block_stop",
+		"message_delta",
+		"message_stop",
+	}, types, "Anthropic event ordering matches fixture")
+
+	var deltaUsage Event
+	for _, ev := range events {
+		if ev.Type == "message_delta" {
+			deltaUsage = ev
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Contains(t, deltaUsage.Data, `"output_tokens":45`, "message_delta carries partial usage")
+}
+
+func TestSSEScanner_MultilineData(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "event: ping\ndata: line1\ndata: line2\ndata: line3\n\n"
+	events := collectEvents(t, strings.NewReader(raw))
+
+	require.Len(t, events, 1, "one logical event from three data lines")
+	assert.Equal(t, "ping", events[0].Type, "event name honored")
+	assert.Equal(t, "line1\nline2\nline3", events[0].Data, "data lines joined with newline")
+}
+
+func TestSSEScanner_CRLF(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "event: foo\r\ndata: bar\r\n\r\ndata: baz\r\n\r\n"
+	events := collectEvents(t, strings.NewReader(raw))
+
+	require.Len(t, events, 2, "CRLF-delimited events recognized")
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo", events[0].Type, "first event type preserved")
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", events[0].Data, "first event data preserved")
+	assert.Empty(t, events[1].Type, "second event has no event name")
+	assert.Equal(t, "baz", events[1].Data, "second event data preserved")
+}
+
+func TestSSEScanner_EmptyInput(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewScanner(strings.NewReader(""))
+	_, err := s.Next()
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF, "empty input yields immediate EOF")
+}
+
+func TestSSEScanner_CommentIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := ": this is a comment\ndata: hi\n\n"
+	events := collectEvents(t, strings.NewReader(raw))
+	require.Len(t, events, 1, "comment line does not emit an event")
+	assert.Equal(t, "hi", events[0].Data, "data line honoured after comment")
+}
+
+func TestSSEScanner_TrailingWithoutBlankLine(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "event: foo\ndata: bar\n"
+	events := collectEvents(t, strings.NewReader(raw))
+	require.Len(t, events, 1, "trailing event without blank line still emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo", events[0].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bar", events[0].Data)
+}
+
+// TestSSEScanner_ManyConsecutiveEmptyLines feeds a stream that is nothing
+// but empty lines. The scanner must terminate without panic — empty lines
+// alone do not constitute an event and must yield io.EOF.
+func TestSSEScanner_ManyConsecutiveEmptyLines(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := strings.Repeat("\n", 100)
+	s := NewScanner(strings.NewReader(raw))
+	_, err := s.Next()
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, io.EOF, "100 empty lines must terminate as EOF without panic")
+}
+
+// TestSSEScanner_InterleavedCRLFAndLF mixes \r\n and \n terminators within
+// the same event. The scanner normalizes both and must still recover a
+// coherent event.
+func TestSSEScanner_InterleavedCRLFAndLF(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "event: mix\r\ndata: first\ndata: second\r\n\n"
+	events := collectEvents(t, strings.NewReader(raw))
+	require.Len(t, events, 1, "mixed line endings must still produce one event")
+	assert.Equal(t, "mix", events[0].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "first\nsecond", events[0].Data, "both data lines joined")
+}
+
+// TestSSEScanner_LongSingleDataLine constructs a single data line that
+// exceeds the default bufio buffer (64 KiB) but stays under the scanner
+// maxLine. The scanner must round-trip the value intact without panicking
+// or truncating silently.
+func TestSSEScanner_LongSingleDataLine(t *testing.T) {
+	big := strings.Repeat("x", 80<<10)
+	raw := "data: " + big + "\n\n"
+	events := collectEvents(t, strings.NewReader(raw))
+	require.Len(t, events, 1, "long single-line event must be emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, big, events[0].Data, "long data preserved")
+}
+
+// TestSSEScanner_BinaryGarbageInData validates that non-printable bytes
+// inside a data line do not crash the parser. The scanner should either
+// round-trip them or return a well-formed error — never panic.
+func TestSSEScanner_BinaryGarbageInData(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "data: \x00\x01\x02\xff\xfe\n\n"
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("scanner panicked on binary garbage: %v", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	s := NewScanner(strings.NewReader(raw))
+	ev, err := s.Next()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "binary bytes in data should not surface as error")
+	assert.Equal(t, "\x00\x01\x02\xff\xfe", ev.Data, "binary payload round-trips")
+}
+
+// TestSSEScanner_UnknownFieldsIgnored stresses the field parser by sending
+// unrecognized field names ("id:", "retry:", "custom:"). They must be
+// silently ignored per the SSE spec; the scanner must not panic or emit
+// spurious events.
+func TestSSEScanner_UnknownFieldsIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "id: 1\nretry: 5000\ncustom: value\ndata: payload\n\n"
+	events := collectEvents(t, strings.NewReader(raw))
+	require.Len(t, events, 1, "unknown fields must not spawn extra events")
+	assert.Equal(t, "payload", events[0].Data, "data field survives amid unknown fields")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/metrics/metrics.go b/proxy/internal/metrics/metrics.go
index 573485625..5fd23d934 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/metrics/metrics.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/metrics/metrics.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 // Metrics collects OpenTelemetry metrics for the proxy.
 type Metrics struct {
 	ctx                      context.Context
+	meter                    metric.Meter
 	requestsTotal            metric.Int64Counter
 	activeRequests           metric.Int64UpDownCounter
 	configuredDomains        metric.Int64UpDownCounter
@@ -25,6 +26,11 @@ type Metrics struct {
 	backendDuration          metric.Int64Histogram
 	certificateIssueDuration metric.Int64Histogram
 
+	// Management sync metrics.
+	snapshotSyncDuration  metric.Int64Histogram
+	snapshotBatchDuration metric.Int64Histogram
+	addPeerDuration       metric.Int64Histogram
+
 	// L4 service-level metrics.
 	l4Services metric.Int64UpDownCounter
 
@@ -44,16 +50,27 @@ type Metrics struct {
 	mappingPaths map[string]int
 }
 
+// Meter returns the OpenTelemetry meter the bundle was built with, so other
+// subsystems (e.g. the middleware manager) register instruments on the same
+// meter.
+func (m *Metrics) Meter() metric.Meter {
+	return m.meter
+}
+
 // New creates a Metrics instance using the given OpenTelemetry meter.
 func New(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter) (*Metrics, error) {
 	m := &Metrics{
 		ctx:          ctx,
+		meter:        meter,
 		mappingPaths: make(map[string]int),
 	}
 
 	if err := m.initHTTPMetrics(meter); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if err := m.initSyncMetrics(meter); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	if err := m.initL4Metrics(meter); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -126,6 +143,59 @@ func (m *Metrics) initHTTPMetrics(meter metric.Meter) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+func (m *Metrics) initSyncMetrics(meter metric.Meter) error {
+	var err error
+
+	m.snapshotSyncDuration, err = meter.Int64Histogram(
+		"proxy.sync.snapshot.duration.ms",
+		metric.WithUnit("milliseconds"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Duration from management connect until the initial snapshot sync is complete"),
+		metric.WithExplicitBucketBoundaries(100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000, 30000, 60000, 120000, 300000),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	m.snapshotBatchDuration, err = meter.Int64Histogram(
+		"proxy.sync.batch.duration.ms",
+		metric.WithUnit("milliseconds"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Duration to process a single mapping batch during initial snapshot sync"),
+		metric.WithExplicitBucketBoundaries(100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000, 30000, 60000, 120000, 300000),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	m.addPeerDuration, err = meter.Int64Histogram(
+		"proxy.peer.add.duration.ms",
+		metric.WithUnit("milliseconds"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Duration to add a peer for an account (keygen + gRPC CreateProxyPeer + embed.New)"),
+		metric.WithExplicitBucketBoundaries(10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10000),
+	)
+	return err
+}
+
+// RecordSnapshotSyncDuration records the total time from connect to sync-complete.
+func (m *Metrics) RecordSnapshotSyncDuration(d time.Duration) {
+	m.snapshotSyncDuration.Record(m.ctx, d.Milliseconds())
+}
+
+// RecordSnapshotBatchDuration records the time to process one mapping batch during initial sync.
+func (m *Metrics) RecordSnapshotBatchDuration(d time.Duration) {
+	m.snapshotBatchDuration.Record(m.ctx, d.Milliseconds())
+}
+
+// RecordAddPeerDuration records the time to create a new peer for an account.
+func (m *Metrics) RecordAddPeerDuration(d time.Duration, err error) {
+	result := "success"
+	if err != nil {
+		result = "error"
+	}
+	m.addPeerDuration.Record(m.ctx, d.Milliseconds(), metric.WithAttributes(
+		attribute.String("result", result),
+	))
+}
+
 func (m *Metrics) initL4Metrics(meter metric.Meter) error {
 	var err error
 
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/bodypolicy.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/bodypolicy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f31486fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/bodypolicy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ErrExpectContinue is returned when a middleware attempts to replace
+// the body of a request that advertised Expect: 100-continue.
+var ErrExpectContinue = errors.New("body replace rejected: request has Expect: 100-continue")
+
+// ErrOriginalNotDrained is returned when the original body was not
+// fully consumed before replacement. This prevents the backend from
+// seeing a mix of original bytes and the replacement.
+var ErrOriginalNotDrained = errors.New("body replace rejected: original body not drained")
+
+// ErrContentLengthMismatch is returned when the client-advertised
+// Content-Length disagrees with the number of bytes actually read from
+// the body (short-read).
+var ErrContentLengthMismatch = errors.New("body replace rejected: content-length mismatch (short read)")
+
+// ValidateBodyReplace runs the smuggling-prevention rules before a
+// body replacement is applied. Callers must pass originalDrained=true
+// once they have read r.Body to EOF.
+func ValidateBodyReplace(r *http.Request, newBody []byte, originalDrained bool) error {
+	if r == nil {
+		return errors.New("body replace rejected: nil request")
+	}
+	if strings.EqualFold(r.Header.Get("Expect"), "100-continue") {
+		return ErrExpectContinue
+	}
+	if !originalDrained {
+		return ErrOriginalNotDrained
+	}
+	if cl := r.Header.Get("Content-Length"); cl != "" && r.ContentLength > 0 {
+		parsed, err := strconv.ParseInt(cl, 10, 64)
+		if err == nil && parsed != r.ContentLength {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%w: header=%d actual=%d", ErrContentLengthMismatch, parsed, r.ContentLength)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ApplyBodyReplace swaps r.Body for a reader over newBody, recomputes
+// Content-Length, and strips Transfer-Encoding and Trailer so no stale
+// framing reaches the backend.
+func ApplyBodyReplace(r *http.Request, newBody []byte) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	r.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(newBody))
+	r.ContentLength = int64(len(newBody))
+	r.Header.Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(newBody)))
+	r.Header.Del("Transfer-Encoding")
+	r.Header.Del("Trailer")
+	r.TransferEncoding = nil
+	r.Trailer = nil
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/request.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/request.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..826883a96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/request.go
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+// Package bodytap owns the framework-side body capture used by the
+// middleware chain. Request capture buffers up to N bytes of the
+// request body for middleware inspection while replaying the original
+// stream to the upstream. Response capture tees up to N bytes off the
+// streaming response while every byte continues to flow to the client
+// untouched.
+//
+// The package is the single owner of body access — middlewares never
+// read req.Body or hijack the response writer. All inspection happens
+// against the buffer surfaced by the tap, so streaming remains
+// transparent to the client even when middlewares need access to the
+// payload.
+package bodytap
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// MaxRoutingScanBytes bounds how far ScanRoutingFields will read into a
+// request body to recover routing fields when the normal capture is
+// bypassed for size. Sized to comfortably hold a 1M-token context
+// request (whose `model` field a client may place after a multi-MB
+// `messages` array) while still capping pathological inputs.
+const MaxRoutingScanBytes int64 = 32 << 20
+
+// Request bypass reasons emitted as the `mw.capture.bypass_reason`
+// metadata key by the chain when a request body is not surfaced.
+const (
+	BypassUpgradeHeader    = "upgrade_header"
+	BypassConnectionUpgrd  = "connection_upgrade"
+	BypassContentType      = "content_type_not_allowed"
+	BypassBudget           = "capture_budget_exhausted"
+	BypassNoConfig         = "no_capture_config"
+	BypassNoMiddlewares    = "no_middlewares"
+	BypassCapZero          = "cap_zero"
+	BypassContentLengthCap = "content_length_over_cap"
+)
+
+// DefaultCaptureBudgetBytes is the default global capture-budget size.
+const DefaultCaptureBudgetBytes int64 = 256 << 20
+
+// Config holds per-target body capture limits after clamp validation.
+// A zero MaxRequestBytes / MaxResponseBytes disables capture in that
+// direction.
+type Config struct {
+	MaxRequestBytes  int64
+	MaxResponseBytes int64
+	ContentTypes     []string
+}
+
+// Budget is the global token-bucket semaphore shared across all
+// in-flight captures so a single misbehaving target cannot exhaust the
+// proxy.
+type Budget interface {
+	Acquire(n int64) bool
+	Release(n int64)
+}
+
+// NewBudget returns a Budget with the given total byte cap. A zero or
+// negative total disables the budget check.
+func NewBudget(total int64) Budget {
+	return &budget{total: total}
+}
+
+type budget struct {
+	mu    sync.Mutex
+	used  int64
+	total int64
+}
+
+func (b *budget) Acquire(n int64) bool {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	if b.total <= 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	if b.used+n > b.total {
+		return false
+	}
+	b.used += n
+	return true
+}
+
+func (b *budget) Release(n int64) {
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	b.mu.Lock()
+	defer b.mu.Unlock()
+	if b.total <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	b.used -= n
+	if b.used < 0 {
+		b.used = 0
+	}
+}
+
+// CaptureRequest reads up to cfg.MaxRequestBytes from r.Body into a
+// buffer suitable for middleware inspection, replacing r.Body with a
+// replay reader so the upstream still sees the original bytes. When
+// bypass != "" no body is read and r.Body is left untouched. The
+// returned release function must be invoked once the request is fully
+// processed; it returns the acquired budget tokens to the shared pool.
+// release is always non-nil and is safe to defer immediately after the
+// call.
+func CaptureRequest(r *http.Request, cfg *Config, b Budget) (body []byte, truncated bool, originalSize int64, bypass string, release func(), err error) {
+	release = func() {}
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil, false, 0, BypassNoConfig, release, nil
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return nil, false, 0, BypassNoConfig, release, nil
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxRequestBytes <= 0 {
+		return nil, false, 0, BypassCapZero, release, nil
+	}
+	if r.Header.Get("Upgrade") != "" {
+		return nil, false, 0, BypassUpgradeHeader, release, nil
+	}
+	if strings.EqualFold(r.Header.Get("Connection"), "upgrade") {
+		return nil, false, 0, BypassConnectionUpgrd, release, nil
+	}
+	if !contentTypeAllowed(r.Header.Get("Content-Type"), cfg.ContentTypes) {
+		return nil, false, 0, BypassContentType, release, nil
+	}
+
+	originalSize = parseContentLength(r.Header.Get("Content-Length"))
+	if originalSize > cfg.MaxRequestBytes {
+		return nil, true, originalSize, BypassContentLengthCap, release, nil
+	}
+
+	limit := cfg.MaxRequestBytes
+	if b != nil && !b.Acquire(limit) {
+		return nil, false, originalSize, BypassBudget, release, nil
+	}
+	if b != nil {
+		var released sync.Once
+		release = func() {
+			released.Do(func() { b.Release(limit) })
+		}
+	}
+
+	if r.Body == nil || r.Body == http.NoBody {
+		release()
+		release = func() {}
+		return nil, false, originalSize, "", release, nil
+	}
+
+	limited := io.LimitReader(r.Body, limit+1)
+	buf, readErr := io.ReadAll(limited)
+	if readErr != nil && !errors.Is(readErr, io.EOF) {
+		release()
+		release = func() {}
+		return nil, false, originalSize, "", release, readErr
+	}
+
+	truncated = int64(len(buf)) > limit
+	if truncated {
+		replay := append([]byte(nil), buf...)
+		viewable := buf[:limit]
+		r.Body = &replayReadCloser{replay: bytes.NewReader(replay), tail: r.Body}
+		return viewable, true, originalSize, "", release, nil
+	}
+	_ = r.Body.Close()
+	r.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(buf))
+	if originalSize <= 0 {
+		originalSize = int64(len(buf))
+	}
+	return buf, false, originalSize, "", release, nil
+}
+
+// replayReadCloser replays the captured prefix and then forwards the
+// remaining bytes from the original body so the upstream sees the
+// full request stream even when capture truncates.
+type replayReadCloser struct {
+	replay  *bytes.Reader
+	tail    io.ReadCloser
+	drained bool
+}
+
+func (r *replayReadCloser) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if !r.drained {
+		n, err := r.replay.Read(p)
+		if n > 0 {
+			return n, nil
+		}
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			r.drained = true
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return r.tail.Read(p)
+}
+
+func (r *replayReadCloser) Close() error {
+	return r.tail.Close()
+}
+
+// ScanRoutingFields recovers the LLM routing fields ("model" and
+// "stream") from a request whose normal capture was bypassed or
+// truncated for size. It reads up to maxScan bytes of r.Body to locate
+// the top-level keys — clients (e.g. Claude Code) may place `model`
+// after a multi-MB `messages` array — then restores r.Body so the
+// upstream still receives the full, untouched stream. Only the small
+// routing fields are extracted; the prompt is never buffered for
+// capture, keeping memory bounded. Returns ok=false when the body isn't
+// a JSON object, the model field isn't found within maxScan, or on a
+// read error.
+func ScanRoutingFields(r *http.Request, maxScan int64) (model string, stream bool, ok bool) {
+	if r == nil || r.Body == nil || r.Body == http.NoBody || maxScan <= 0 {
+		return "", false, false
+	}
+	limited := io.LimitReader(r.Body, maxScan+1)
+	buf, readErr := io.ReadAll(limited)
+	if readErr != nil && !errors.Is(readErr, io.EOF) {
+		// Mid-stream read error (e.g. client disconnect): restore the bytes
+		// read so far plus the untouched tail and abort, rather than
+		// forwarding only the partial prefix as if it were the whole body.
+		r.Body = &replayReadCloser{replay: bytes.NewReader(append([]byte(nil), buf...)), tail: r.Body}
+		return "", false, false
+	}
+	if int64(len(buf)) > maxScan {
+		// Body exceeds the scan ceiling: restore the read prefix plus the
+		// untouched tail so the upstream still gets every byte.
+		r.Body = &replayReadCloser{replay: bytes.NewReader(append([]byte(nil), buf...)), tail: r.Body}
+	} else {
+		_ = r.Body.Close()
+		r.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(buf))
+	}
+	return scanTopLevelModelStream(buf)
+}
+
+// scanTopLevelModelStream walks the top level of a JSON object via a
+// streaming token reader, extracting the "model" string and "stream"
+// bool without materialising large values (each non-target value is
+// skipped as a RawMessage). Tolerant of truncation: returns whatever was
+// found before a malformed/short tail.
+func scanTopLevelModelStream(body []byte) (model string, stream bool, ok bool) {
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(body))
+	tok, err := dec.Token()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false, false
+	}
+	if d, isDelim := tok.(json.Delim); !isDelim || d != '{' {
+		return "", false, false
+	}
+	for dec.More() {
+		keyTok, err := dec.Token()
+		if err != nil {
+			return model, stream, ok
+		}
+		key, _ := keyTok.(string)
+		switch key {
+		case "model":
+			var v string
+			if dec.Decode(&v) == nil {
+				model, ok = v, true
+			}
+		case "stream":
+			var v bool
+			if dec.Decode(&v) == nil {
+				stream = v
+			}
+		default:
+			// Skip the value by walking tokens instead of decoding it into
+			// a json.RawMessage — a multi-MB messages array would otherwise
+			// be materialised in full just to be discarded.
+			if err := skipValue(dec); err != nil {
+				return model, stream, ok
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return model, stream, ok
+}
+
+// skipValue consumes one JSON value from dec without materialising it.
+// Scalars are a single token; objects/arrays are walked to their matching
+// close delimiter so nested structures are skipped in bounded memory.
+func skipValue(dec *json.Decoder) error {
+	tok, err := dec.Token()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	d, isDelim := tok.(json.Delim)
+	if !isDelim || (d != '{' && d != '[') {
+		return nil
+	}
+	depth := 1
+	for depth > 0 {
+		tok, err := dec.Token()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if d, ok := tok.(json.Delim); ok {
+			switch d {
+			case '{', '[':
+				depth++
+			case '}', ']':
+				depth--
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func contentTypeAllowed(ct string, allowed []string) bool {
+	if len(allowed) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	media := ct
+	if idx := strings.Index(ct, ";"); idx >= 0 {
+		media = ct[:idx]
+	}
+	media = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(media))
+	for _, a := range allowed {
+		if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(a), media) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func parseContentLength(v string) int64 {
+	if v == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+	parsed, err := strconv.ParseInt(v, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil || parsed < 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return parsed
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/response.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/response.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c23e35b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/response.go
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+package bodytap
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/responsewriter"
+)
+
+// CapturingResponseWriter wraps an http.ResponseWriter, forwards bytes
+// immediately to the client, and tees a bounded copy into an internal
+// buffer for middleware inspection. Streaming-aware in the sense that
+// every byte the upstream emits flows to the client without queuing
+// — the tee just sees a bounded prefix. SSE-aware parsing happens in
+// the response middleware against the buffered prefix; this writer
+// makes no attempt to demux event boundaries.
+//
+// Flusher and Hijacker are preserved via responsewriter.PassthroughWriter.
+type CapturingResponseWriter struct {
+	*responsewriter.PassthroughWriter
+	mu          sync.Mutex
+	buf         bytes.Buffer
+	cap         int64
+	status      int
+	statusSet   bool
+	written     int64
+	truncated   bool
+	stopped     bool
+	releaseBuf  func()
+	released    sync.Once
+	bypassed    bool
+	bypassReas  string
+	acquiredCap int64
+}
+
+// NewCapturingResponseWriter returns a writer that tees up to maxBytes
+// into a capped buffer while forwarding bytes to the underlying writer
+// immediately. When budget is non-nil the writer pre-acquires maxBytes
+// from it and the returned wrapper must be released by calling
+// Release() once the response is fully forwarded. If the budget cannot
+// be acquired the writer falls back to forwarding the response
+// unmodified, exposes Bypassed()=true with reason BypassBudget, and
+// releases nothing.
+func NewCapturingResponseWriter(w http.ResponseWriter, maxBytes int64, b Budget) *CapturingResponseWriter {
+	cw := &CapturingResponseWriter{
+		PassthroughWriter: responsewriter.New(w),
+		cap:               maxBytes,
+		status:            http.StatusOK,
+		releaseBuf:        func() {},
+	}
+	if maxBytes <= 0 {
+		// Capture disabled: mark stopped so Write never tees and never
+		// flags truncation (a zero cap means "don't capture", not
+		// "captured nothing").
+		cw.stopped = true
+		return cw
+	}
+	if b == nil {
+		return cw
+	}
+	if !b.Acquire(maxBytes) {
+		cw.bypassed = true
+		cw.bypassReas = BypassBudget
+		cw.cap = 0
+		cw.stopped = true
+		return cw
+	}
+	cw.acquiredCap = maxBytes
+	cw.releaseBuf = func() { b.Release(maxBytes) }
+	return cw
+}
+
+// Release returns the response capture budget acquired at construction
+// back to the shared pool. Idempotent. Safe to call from a defer
+// immediately after construction even when the writer ended up
+// bypassing the budget.
+func (c *CapturingResponseWriter) Release() {
+	if c == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	c.released.Do(func() {
+		if c.releaseBuf != nil {
+			c.releaseBuf()
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// Bypassed reports whether the writer fell through to a no-tee
+// passthrough because the response capture budget could not be
+// acquired.
+func (c *CapturingResponseWriter) Bypassed() bool {
+	if c == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.bypassed
+}
+
+// BypassReason returns the bypass code recorded by the budget check.
+// Empty when capture proceeded normally.
+func (c *CapturingResponseWriter) BypassReason() string {
+	if c == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.bypassReas
+}
+
+// WriteHeader records the status code and forwards it to the underlying
+// writer. Only the first call commits the status — matching HTTP semantics,
+// where superfluous WriteHeader calls (and any call after the body has
+// started) are ignored — so Status() reflects the code actually sent.
+func (c *CapturingResponseWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	if c.statusSet {
+		c.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	c.status = status
+	c.statusSet = true
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.PassthroughWriter.WriteHeader(status)
+}
+
+// Write forwards p to the underlying writer unmodified and copies up
+// to the remaining buffer capacity into the tee buffer.
+func (c *CapturingResponseWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	n, err := c.PassthroughWriter.Write(p)
+	if n > 0 {
+		c.mu.Lock()
+		// The first byte commits the status (implicit 200 if WriteHeader was
+		// never called); a later WriteHeader must not change Status().
+		c.statusSet = true
+		c.written += int64(n)
+		if !c.stopped {
+			remaining := c.cap - int64(c.buf.Len())
+			if remaining <= 0 {
+				c.truncated = true
+				c.stopped = true
+			} else {
+				take := int64(n)
+				if take > remaining {
+					take = remaining
+					c.truncated = true
+					c.stopped = true
+				}
+				c.buf.Write(p[:take])
+			}
+		}
+		c.mu.Unlock()
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// Status returns the captured status code (defaults to 200 when
+// WriteHeader has not been called).
+func (c *CapturingResponseWriter) Status() int {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.status
+}
+
+// Body returns a copy of the buffered response prefix.
+func (c *CapturingResponseWriter) Body() []byte {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]byte, c.buf.Len())
+	copy(out, c.buf.Bytes())
+	return out
+}
+
+// Truncated reports whether the buffered prefix stopped short of the
+// full response stream.
+func (c *CapturingResponseWriter) Truncated() bool {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.truncated
+}
+
+// BytesWritten returns the total number of bytes forwarded to the
+// underlying writer.
+func (c *CapturingResponseWriter) BytesWritten() int64 {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.written
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/routing_scan_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/routing_scan_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1748c989e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap/routing_scan_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package bodytap
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// makeBigAnthropicBody builds a request body shaped like Claude Code's:
+// a multi-MB "messages" array with the routing fields (model, stream)
+// placed AFTER it, which is the ordering that defeats a prefix-only
+// capture.
+func makeBigAnthropicBody(t *testing.T, model string, stream bool, messagesBytes int) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	filler := strings.Repeat("x", messagesBytes)
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		`{"max_tokens":64000,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":%q}],"model":%q,"stream":%t}`,
+		filler, model, stream,
+	)
+}
+
+func TestScanRoutingFields_ModelAfterLargeMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	body := makeBigAnthropicBody(t, "claude-opus-4-8", true, 3<<20) // 3 MiB messages
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "https://x/v1/messages", strings.NewReader(body))
+
+	model, stream, ok := ScanRoutingFields(req, MaxRoutingScanBytes)
+	require.True(t, ok, "model must be recovered even when it follows a multi-MB messages array")
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-opus-4-8", model, "model field must be extracted")
+	assert.True(t, stream, "stream field must be extracted")
+
+	// Body must be fully restored for the upstream.
+	got, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, body, string(got), "the full request body must be replayed to upstream after scanning")
+}
+
+func TestScanRoutingFields_SmallBody(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","stream":false,"messages":[]}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "https://x/v1/messages", strings.NewReader(body))
+
+	model, stream, ok := ScanRoutingFields(req, MaxRoutingScanBytes)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-opus-4-8", model)
+	assert.False(t, stream)
+
+	got, _ := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+	assert.Equal(t, body, string(got), "small bodies must also be restored intact")
+}
+
+func TestScanRoutingFields_NoModel(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `{"stream":true,"messages":[]}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "https://x/v1/messages", strings.NewReader(body))
+
+	_, _, ok := ScanRoutingFields(req, MaxRoutingScanBytes)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "ok must be false when no model field is present")
+
+	got, _ := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+	assert.Equal(t, body, string(got), "body must be restored even when model is absent")
+}
+
+func TestScanRoutingFields_NotJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	body := "this is not json at all"
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "https://x/v1/messages", strings.NewReader(body))
+
+	_, _, ok := ScanRoutingFields(req, MaxRoutingScanBytes)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "ok must be false for a non-JSON body")
+}
+
+func TestScanRoutingFields_ModelBeyondScanCeiling(t *testing.T) {
+	// model sits after 4 MiB of messages but the scan ceiling is 1 MiB:
+	// model can't be recovered, yet the full body must still replay.
+	body := makeBigAnthropicBody(t, "claude-opus-4-8", true, 4<<20)
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "https://x/v1/messages", strings.NewReader(body))
+
+	_, _, ok := ScanRoutingFields(req, 1<<20)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "model beyond the scan ceiling is not recoverable")
+
+	got, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, body, string(got), "the full body must still replay to upstream even when the scan gives up")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/agentnetwork_chain_integration_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/agentnetwork_chain_integration_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96777025c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/agentnetwork_chain_integration_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+package builtin_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/test/bufconn"
+
+	mgmtgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	nbtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// chainIntegrationFixture wires the BOTH new agent-network
+// middlewares against a live in-process management stack: real
+// sqlite store + real Manager + real gRPC server. The proxy chain
+// framework itself isn't constructed (its dispatcher / accumulator /
+// metadata gate are tested separately); we exercise the middleware
+// pair as the proxy runtime would, by invoking each with a crafted
+// Input and asserting the wire path between them.
+//
+// This is the regression cover for item 16 in the design review:
+// real LLM request → cost stamped → consumption row in the table.
+type chainIntegrationFixture struct {
+	store    store.Store
+	manager  agentnetwork.Manager
+	gatecase *llm_limit_check.Middleware
+	recorder *llm_limit_record.Middleware
+}
+
+func newChainIntegration(t *testing.T) *chainIntegrationFixture {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("sqlite store not properly supported on Windows yet")
+	}
+	t.Setenv("NETBIRD_STORE_ENGINE", string(nbtypes.SqliteStoreEngine))
+
+	st, cleanUp, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(context.Background(), "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(cleanUp)
+
+	manager := agentnetwork.NewManager(st, nil, nil, nil)
+
+	server := &mgmtgrpc.ProxyServiceServer{}
+	server.SetAgentNetworkLimitsService(manager)
+
+	const bufSize = 1024 * 1024
+	lis := bufconn.Listen(bufSize)
+	srv := grpc.NewServer()
+	proto.RegisterProxyServiceServer(srv, server)
+	go func() { _ = srv.Serve(lis) }()
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Stop)
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient("passthrough:///bufnet",
+		grpc.WithContextDialer(func(_ context.Context, _ string) (net.Conn, error) { return lis.Dial() }),
+		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+
+	mgmtClient := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+	return &chainIntegrationFixture{
+		store:    st,
+		manager:  manager,
+		gatecase: llm_limit_check.New(mgmtClient, nil),
+		recorder: llm_limit_record.New(mgmtClient, nil),
+	}
+}
+
+// chainInput builds a middleware Input that mirrors what the proxy
+// framework would synthesise for a tunnel-peer LLM request. The
+// gate consumes the resolved provider id from upstream metadata
+// (set by llm_router); the recorder consumes the attribution
+// metadata stamped by the gate plus tokens / cost from
+// llm_response_parser + cost_meter.
+func chainInput(account, user, group, providerID string, requestMeta []middleware.KV) *middleware.Input {
+	_ = providerID // packed into requestMeta by the caller as KeyLLMResolvedProviderID
+	return &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID:  account,
+		UserID:     user,
+		UserGroups: []string{group},
+		Metadata:   requestMeta,
+	}
+}
+
+// chainCapPolicy builds a tight token-cap policy fixture for the
+// chain integration tests. Inlined here (rather than imported) because
+// the equivalent helper in the management gRPC package is unexported
+// and this is a different package boundary.
+func chainCapPolicy(id, account string, sourceGroups []string, providerID string, tokenCap, windowSec int64) *agentNetworkTypes.Policy {
+	return &agentNetworkTypes.Policy{
+		ID:                     id,
+		AccountID:              account,
+		Enabled:                true,
+		Name:                   id,
+		SourceGroups:           sourceGroups,
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{providerID},
+		Limits: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyTokenLimit{
+				Enabled:       true,
+				GroupCap:      tokenCap,
+				WindowSeconds: windowSec,
+			},
+		},
+		CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		UpdatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+}
+
+// TestChain_AllowPath_StampsAttributionAndRecordsCounter walks the
+// full happy path: gate calls CheckLLMPolicyLimits → stamps
+// attribution metadata → recorder reads metadata + tokens / cost →
+// calls RecordLLMUsage → counters land in sqlite. Asserting on the
+// store at the end proves every leg of the wire works together,
+// not just each leg in isolation (which the unit tests already cover).
+func TestChain_AllowPath_StampsAttributionAndRecordsCounter(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newChainIntegration(t)
+
+	const account = "acc-1"
+	const user = "user-bob"
+	const group = "grp-engineers"
+	const provider = "prov-1"
+
+	// Seed a policy with token + budget caps; both halves carry
+	// real ceilings so the request stays within headroom.
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(context.Background(),
+		chainCapPolicy("pol-1", account, []string{group}, provider, 10_000, 86_400)))
+
+	// ── Stage 1 — gate: pre-flight check ──────────────────────
+	gateIn := chainInput(account, user, group, provider, []middleware.KV{
+		{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: provider},
+		{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+	})
+	gateOut, err := f.gatecase.Invoke(context.Background(), gateIn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, gateOut.Decision, "fresh policy must allow")
+
+	// Verify attribution metadata was stamped — the recorder
+	// depends on these keys.
+	metaMap := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kv := range gateOut.Metadata {
+		metaMap[kv.Key] = kv.Value
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "pol-1", metaMap[middleware.KeyLLMSelectedPolicyID])
+	assert.Equal(t, group, metaMap[middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID])
+	assert.Equal(t, "86400", metaMap[middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS])
+
+	// ── Stage 2 — recorder: post-flight write ─────────────────
+	// Build the response-leg Input the framework would synthesise
+	// for the recorder: gate's emitted attribution metadata + the
+	// tokens / cost stamped by llm_response_parser + cost_meter.
+	const tokensIn = int64(123)
+	const tokensOut = int64(45)
+	const costUSD = 0.0042
+	recordIn := chainInput(account, user, group, provider, append([]middleware.KV{},
+		gateOut.Metadata...))
+	recordIn.Metadata = append(recordIn.Metadata,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: strconv.FormatInt(tokensIn, 10)},
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: strconv.FormatInt(tokensOut, 10)},
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal, Value: strconv.FormatFloat(costUSD, 'f', 6, 64)},
+	)
+	recordOut, err := f.recorder.Invoke(context.Background(), recordIn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, recordOut.Decision, "recorder always allows; its only side effect is the counter write")
+
+	// ── Stage 3 — assert state in sqlite ──────────────────────
+	windowStart := agentNetworkTypes.WindowStart(time.Now(), 86_400)
+	userRow, err := f.store.GetAgentNetworkConsumption(
+		context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, account,
+		agentNetworkTypes.DimensionUser, user, int64(86_400), windowStart,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, tokensIn, userRow.TokensInput, "user counter must hold the input tokens the recorder posted")
+	assert.Equal(t, tokensOut, userRow.TokensOutput)
+	assert.InDelta(t, costUSD, userRow.CostUSD, 1e-6)
+
+	groupRow, err := f.store.GetAgentNetworkConsumption(
+		context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, account,
+		agentNetworkTypes.DimensionGroup, group, int64(86_400), windowStart,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, tokensIn, groupRow.TokensInput, "group counter mirrors the user counter — single Record posts both dims")
+}
+
+// TestChain_DenyPath_GateRejectsAndNoConsumptionWritten covers the
+// negative side: when the gate denies, the recorder is never
+// invoked (the proxy framework short-circuits on Decision=Deny).
+// We assert no consumption row materialises after the gate-deny
+// path, even though the test technically calls the recorder
+// afterwards — the recorder must skip on missing attribution
+// metadata so the framework's short-circuit isn't load-bearing for
+// data integrity.
+func TestChain_DenyPath_GateRejectsAndNoConsumptionWritten(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newChainIntegration(t)
+
+	const account = "acc-1"
+	const user = "user-bob"
+	const group = "grp-tight"
+	const provider = "prov-1"
+
+	policy := chainCapPolicy("pol-tight", account, []string{group}, provider, 100, 86_400)
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(context.Background(), policy))
+
+	// Pre-burn the counter to the cap so the gate denies.
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption(
+		context.Background(), account,
+		agentNetworkTypes.DimensionGroup, group, int64(86_400),
+		agentNetworkTypes.WindowStart(time.Now(), 86_400),
+		100, 0, 0,
+	))
+
+	gateOut, err := f.gatecase.Invoke(context.Background(), chainInput(account, user, group, provider,
+		[]middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: provider},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+		},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, gateOut.Decision, "policy at-cap must deny on the gate")
+	require.NotNil(t, gateOut.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded", gateOut.DenyReason.Code)
+
+	// On deny, the gate emits no attribution metadata. If the
+	// proxy framework still invokes the recorder (defense in
+	// depth), the recorder's "no attribution window = skip" guard
+	// prevents a phantom counter increment.
+	recordOut, err := f.recorder.Invoke(context.Background(), chainInput(account, user, group, provider,
+		gateOut.Metadata, // no llm.attribution_window_seconds stamped
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, recordOut.Decision)
+
+	// The pre-burned 100 tokens are the only counter movement —
+	// the recorder must NOT have added a fresh row for the user
+	// dimension on this denied request.
+	windowStart := agentNetworkTypes.WindowStart(time.Now(), 86_400)
+	userRow, err := f.store.GetAgentNetworkConsumption(
+		context.Background(), store.LockingStrengthNone, account,
+		agentNetworkTypes.DimensionUser, user, int64(86_400), windowStart,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Zero(t, userRow.TokensInput, "user dimension must not gain tokens from a denied request — recorder skip is the safety net")
+}
+
+// TestChain_CapExhaustTransition exercises the allow→deny boundary
+// the operator cares most about: a request just under cap allows
+// AND records, the next request post-record at-cap denies. This is
+// the same lifecycle 50-grpc-allow-record-deny.sh runs in bash, but
+// against the actual middleware pair rather than the smoke binary
+// driving the gRPC RPCs directly.
+func TestChain_CapExhaustTransition(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newChainIntegration(t)
+
+	const account = "acc-1"
+	const user = "user-alice"
+	const group = "grp-cap-edge"
+	const provider = "prov-1"
+	const tightCap = int64(100)
+
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(context.Background(),
+		chainCapPolicy("pol-edge", account, []string{group}, provider, tightCap, 86_400)))
+
+	// Pre-burn 99 tokens so we're at the very edge.
+	require.NoError(t, f.store.IncrementAgentNetworkConsumption(
+		context.Background(), account,
+		agentNetworkTypes.DimensionGroup, group, int64(86_400),
+		agentNetworkTypes.WindowStart(time.Now(), 86_400),
+		99, 0, 0,
+	))
+
+	// Gate at 99/100 — must allow (one token of headroom).
+	gateOut, err := f.gatecase.Invoke(context.Background(), chainInput(account, user, group, provider,
+		[]middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: provider},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+		},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, gateOut.Decision, "99/100 must allow — one token of headroom")
+
+	// Record one more input token — pushes us to 100/100.
+	recordIn := chainInput(account, user, group, provider, append([]middleware.KV{},
+		gateOut.Metadata...))
+	recordIn.Metadata = append(recordIn.Metadata,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "1"},
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "0"},
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal, Value: "0.000001"},
+	)
+	_, err = f.recorder.Invoke(context.Background(), recordIn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Next gate call must deny — counter is exactly at cap.
+	gateOut2, err := f.gatecase.Invoke(context.Background(), chainInput(account, user, group, provider,
+		[]middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: provider},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+		},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, gateOut2.Decision,
+		"once recorder pushed the group counter to 100/100, the next gate call must deny — allow→deny transition is the operator-visible product semantic")
+	require.NotNil(t, gateOut2.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded", gateOut2.DenyReason.Code)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/all_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/all_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28576e248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/all_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package builtin_test
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	mwbuiltin "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router"
+)
+
+// TestDefaultRegistry_BuiltinIDs locks the set of middleware IDs that
+// the default builtin registry exposes once every sub-package's init()
+// has run. The list is the source of truth wired by the synthesiser
+// in management; adding a new built-in middleware should consciously
+// extend this list.
+func TestDefaultRegistry_BuiltinIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	got := mwbuiltin.DefaultRegistry().IDs()
+	sort.Strings(got)
+	want := []string{
+		"cost_meter",
+		"llm_guardrail",
+		"llm_identity_inject",
+		"llm_limit_check",
+		"llm_limit_record",
+		"llm_request_parser",
+		"llm_response_parser",
+		"llm_router",
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, want, got, "default registry must expose every built-in middleware after anonymous imports")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/builtin.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/builtin.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9df60dd65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/builtin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Package builtin holds the package-level middleware registry that
+// concrete middleware packages register themselves into via init().
+// Server boot anonymous-imports each middleware sub-package; the
+// resolver attached to the middleware Manager pulls factories out of
+// this registry.
+package builtin
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// MgmtClient is the narrow slice of proto.ProxyServiceClient that
+// builtin middlewares may use during request / response handling.
+// Only the agent-network limit pair (llm_limit_check + llm_limit_record)
+// uses this today; declaring the surface here keeps the dependency
+// explicit at boot time.
+//
+// proto.ProxyServiceClient already satisfies this interface so server
+// boot just forwards its existing client.
+type MgmtClient interface {
+	CheckLLMPolicyLimits(ctx context.Context, in *proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse, error)
+	RecordLLMUsage(ctx context.Context, in *proto.RecordLLMUsageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.RecordLLMUsageResponse, error)
+}
+
+// defaultRegistry is the package-level registry that concrete builtin
+// middlewares register themselves into via init().
+var defaultRegistry = middleware.NewRegistry()
+
+// FactoryContext is the per-process bag that concrete factories may
+// consult during construction. It carries the proxy-lifetime context,
+// the OTel meter, and the proxy logger.
+//
+// Configure must be called once at boot before any chain build calls
+// Resolve. Calling it twice overwrites the prior value; tests may rely
+// on this to reset state.
+type FactoryContext struct {
+	Context    context.Context
+	Meter      metric.Meter
+	Logger     *log.Logger
+	MgmtClient MgmtClient
+}
+
+var (
+	ctxStore FactoryContext
+	ctxMu    sync.RWMutex
+)
+
+// Configure stores the per-process FactoryContext. Concrete factories
+// reach for it via Context(). mgmt may be nil on tests / standalone
+// builds with no management server; consumers must guard.
+func Configure(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter, logger *log.Logger, mgmt MgmtClient) {
+	ctxMu.Lock()
+	defer ctxMu.Unlock()
+	ctxStore = FactoryContext{
+		Context:    ctx,
+		Meter:      meter,
+		Logger:     logger,
+		MgmtClient: mgmt,
+	}
+}
+
+// Context returns the stored FactoryContext. Returns a zero value when
+// Configure was never called; consumers must guard against nil
+// Context/Meter/Logger if they care.
+func Context() FactoryContext {
+	ctxMu.RLock()
+	defer ctxMu.RUnlock()
+	return ctxStore
+}
+
+// Register adds a factory to the default registry. Called from init()
+// blocks of concrete middleware packages. Panics on collision so
+// duplicate IDs surface at startup.
+func Register(f middleware.Factory) {
+	defaultRegistry.MustRegister(f)
+}
+
+// DefaultRegistry returns the shared registry. The proxy server
+// constructs the Resolver from it at boot.
+func DefaultRegistry() *middleware.Registry {
+	return defaultRegistry
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_calculation_matrix_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_calculation_matrix_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be3682c0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_calculation_matrix_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+package builtin_test
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	mgmtpricing "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/pricing"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser"
+)
+
+// Drives the real pipeline (llm_request_parser → llm_response_parser → cost_meter) on the REAL default pricing
+// table management ships (mgmtpricing.DefaultTable, catalog-derived) and asserts exact USD amounts hardcoded from
+// the vendors' published prices, including the cache split. This is the cross-stack pricing contract test: the
+// management-side Entry JSON must decode into the proxy-side table and produce these exact costs.
+func TestCostCalculation_ProviderMatrix(t *testing.T) {
+	builtin.Configure(context.Background(), nil, nil, nil)
+
+	reqMW, err := llm_request_parser.Factory{}.New(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "build llm_request_parser")
+	respMW, err := llm_response_parser.Factory{}.New(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "build llm_response_parser")
+	costCfgJSON, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"pricing": map[string]any{"defaults": mgmtpricing.DefaultTable()}})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshal management default table into cost_meter config")
+	costMW, err := cost_meter.Factory{}.New(costCfgJSON)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "build cost_meter")
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = costMW.Close() })
+
+	const jsonCT = "application/json"
+	const sseCT = "text/event-stream"
+	const awsCT = "application/vnd.amazon.eventstream"
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name     string
+		url      string
+		reqBody  []byte
+		respCT   string
+		respBody []byte
+
+		wantProvider  string
+		wantModel     string
+		wantCost      float64 // exact expected USD; ignored when wantSkip is set
+		wantCacheCost float64 // expected cost.usd_cache portion of wantCost
+		wantSkip      string  // expected cost.skipped reason, "" when priced
+	}{
+		{
+			// gpt-4o-mini $0.15/$0.60 per MTok: 1000×0.15/1M + 500×0.60/1M.
+			name:         "openai chat completions",
+			url:          "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions",
+			reqBody:      []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:       jsonCT,
+			respBody:     []byte(`{"choices":[{"message":{"content":"pong"}}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1000,"completion_tokens":500,"total_tokens":1500}}`),
+			wantProvider: "openai",
+			wantModel:    "gpt-4o-mini",
+			wantCost:     0.00045,
+		},
+		{
+			// OpenAI cached tokens are a SUBSET of prompt_tokens at a discount; gpt-4o $2.50/$10 per MTok, cached $1.25/M:
+			// 250×2.5/1M + 750×1.25/1M + 500×10/1M.
+			name:          "openai cached subset discount",
+			url:           "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions",
+			reqBody:       []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:        jsonCT,
+			respBody:      []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1000,"completion_tokens":500,"prompt_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":750}}}`),
+			wantProvider:  "openai",
+			wantModel:     "gpt-4o",
+			wantCost:      0.0065625,
+			wantCacheCost: 0.0009375,
+		},
+		{
+			// OpenAI streaming: usage rides the final SSE frame.
+			name:         "openai chat SSE stream",
+			url:          "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions",
+			reqBody:      []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","stream":true,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:       sseCT,
+			respBody:     sseBody(`{"choices":[{"delta":{"content":"po"}}]}`, `{"choices":[{"delta":{"content":"ng"}}]}`, `{"choices":[],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1000,"completion_tokens":500}}`, "[DONE]"),
+			wantProvider: "openai",
+			wantModel:    "gpt-4o-mini",
+			wantCost:     0.00045,
+		},
+		{
+			// Mistral speaks the OpenAI shape: mistral-large-latest $0.50/$1.50 per MTok.
+			name:         "mistral via openai shape",
+			url:          "https://api.mistral.ai/v1/chat/completions",
+			reqBody:      []byte(`{"model":"mistral-large-latest","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:       jsonCT,
+			respBody:     []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1000,"completion_tokens":1000}}`),
+			wantProvider: "openai",
+			wantModel:    "mistral-large-latest",
+			wantCost:     0.002,
+		},
+		{
+			// The field report, minus caching: Bedrock Sonnet 4.6 $3/$15 per MTok, 3×3/1M + 1514×15/1M = $0.022719.
+			// Also covers inference-profile normalization of the region-prefixed versioned id in the URL.
+			name:         "bedrock invoke — reported scenario, no cache",
+			url:          "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/model/global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6-20260115-v1:0/invoke",
+			reqBody:      []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:       jsonCT,
+			respBody:     []byte(`{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"pong"}],"usage":{"input_tokens":3,"output_tokens":1514}}`),
+			wantProvider: "bedrock",
+			wantModel:    "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
+			wantCost:     0.022719,
+		},
+		{
+			// The field report as observed: the FIRST call of a session also wrote a 30,528-token prompt cache at
+			// 1.25× input ($3.75/M): 0.022719 + 30528×3.75/1M = $0.137199 — the reported $0.1372.
+			name:          "bedrock invoke — reported scenario with cache write",
+			url:           "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/model/global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6-20260115-v1:0/invoke",
+			reqBody:       []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:        jsonCT,
+			respBody:      []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":3,"output_tokens":1514,"cache_creation_input_tokens":30528,"cache_read_input_tokens":0}}`),
+			wantProvider:  "bedrock",
+			wantModel:     "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
+			wantCost:      0.137199,
+			wantCacheCost: 0.11448,
+		},
+		{
+			// Same numbers over the InvokeModel event-stream: message_start carries input + cache, message_delta the output.
+			name:          "bedrock invoke stream with cache write",
+			url:           "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/model/global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6-20260115-v1:0/invoke-with-response-stream",
+			reqBody:       []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:        awsCT,
+			respBody:      bedrockInvokeStream(t, `{"type":"message_start","message":{"usage":{"input_tokens":3,"output_tokens":1,"cache_creation_input_tokens":30528}}}`, `{"type":"content_block_delta","delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":"pong"}}`, `{"type":"message_delta","usage":{"output_tokens":1514}}`),
+			wantProvider:  "bedrock",
+			wantModel:     "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
+			wantCost:      0.137199,
+			wantCacheCost: 0.11448,
+		},
+		{
+			// Converse camelCase usage incl. cache buckets. Haiku 4.5 $1/$5 per MTok, read $0.10/M, write $1.25/M:
+			// 50×1/1M + 100×5/1M + 2000×0.1/1M + 1000×1.25/1M = $0.002.
+			name:          "bedrock converse with cache buckets",
+			url:           "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/model/eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0/converse",
+			reqBody:       []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"text":"hi"}]}]}`),
+			respCT:        jsonCT,
+			respBody:      []byte(`{"output":{"message":{"content":[{"text":"pong"}]}},"usage":{"inputTokens":50,"outputTokens":100,"totalTokens":3150,"cacheReadInputTokens":2000,"cacheWriteInputTokens":1000}}`),
+			wantProvider:  "bedrock",
+			wantModel:     "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5",
+			wantCost:      0.002,
+			wantCacheCost: 0.00145,
+		},
+		{
+			// Same numbers over converse-stream: usage rides the trailing metadata frame.
+			name:    "bedrock converse stream with cache buckets",
+			url:     "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/model/eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0/converse-stream",
+			reqBody: []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"text":"hi"}]}]}`),
+			respCT:  awsCT,
+			respBody: bedrockConverseStream(t,
+				`{"delta":{"text":"pong"}}`,
+				`{"usage":{"inputTokens":50,"outputTokens":100,"totalTokens":3150,"cacheReadInputTokens":2000,"cacheWriteInputTokens":1000}}`,
+			),
+			wantProvider:  "bedrock",
+			wantModel:     "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5",
+			wantCost:      0.002,
+			wantCacheCost: 0.00145,
+		},
+		{
+			// First-party Anthropic, additive cache buckets. Sonnet 4.6:
+			// 256×3/1M + 200×15/1M + 768×0.3/1M + 512×3.75/1M.
+			name:          "anthropic messages with cache buckets",
+			url:           "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages",
+			reqBody:       []byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-6","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:        jsonCT,
+			respBody:      []byte(`{"content":[{"type":"text","text":"pong"}],"usage":{"input_tokens":256,"output_tokens":200,"cache_read_input_tokens":768,"cache_creation_input_tokens":512}}`),
+			wantProvider:  "anthropic",
+			wantModel:     "claude-sonnet-4-6",
+			wantCost:      0.0059184,
+			wantCacheCost: 0.0021504,
+		},
+		{
+			// Anthropic SSE: input from message_start, output from message_delta. Haiku 4.5: 1000×1/1M + 2000×5/1M.
+			name:         "anthropic SSE stream",
+			url:          "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages",
+			reqBody:      []byte(`{"model":"claude-haiku-4-5","stream":true,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:       sseCT,
+			respBody:     sseBody(`{"type":"message_start","message":{"usage":{"input_tokens":1000,"output_tokens":2}}}`, `{"type":"content_block_delta","delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":"pong"}}`, `{"type":"message_delta","usage":{"output_tokens":2000}}`, `{"type":"message_stop"}`),
+			wantProvider: "anthropic",
+			wantModel:    "claude-haiku-4-5",
+			wantCost:     0.011,
+		},
+		{
+			// Kimi's Anthropic-compatible endpoint: kimi-k3 $3/$15 per MTok under the anthropic table.
+			name:         "kimi anthropic shape",
+			url:          "https://api.moonshot.ai/anthropic/v1/messages",
+			reqBody:      []byte(`{"model":"kimi-k3","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:       jsonCT,
+			respBody:     []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":1000,"output_tokens":1000}}`),
+			wantProvider: "anthropic",
+			wantModel:    "kimi-k3",
+			wantCost:     0.018,
+		},
+		{
+			// Vertex path-routed model with "@version" stripped; Anthropic-on-Vertex priced under the anthropic table.
+			name:         "vertex anthropic path-routed",
+			url:          "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/p/locations/global/publishers/anthropic/models/claude-sonnet-4-6@20260115:rawPredict",
+			reqBody:      []byte(`{"anthropic_version":"vertex-2023-10-16","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:       jsonCT,
+			respBody:     []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":200,"output_tokens":100}}`),
+			wantProvider: "anthropic",
+			wantModel:    "claude-sonnet-4-6",
+			wantCost:     0.0021,
+		},
+		{
+			// Gateway-prefixed model ids are not in the pricing table: the meter must SKIP, never guess a rate.
+			name:         "gateway-prefixed model skips pricing",
+			url:          "https://gateway.example.com/v1/chat/completions",
+			reqBody:      []byte(`{"model":"openai/gpt-4o-mini","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+			respCT:       jsonCT,
+			respBody:     []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1000,"completion_tokens":500}}`),
+			wantProvider: "openai",
+			wantModel:    "openai/gpt-4o-mini",
+			wantSkip:     "unknown_model",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			in := &middleware.Input{
+				Method:  "POST",
+				URL:     tc.url,
+				Headers: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+				Body:    tc.reqBody,
+			}
+
+			reqOut, err := reqMW.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "request parser")
+			in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, reqOut.Metadata...)
+
+			require.Equal(t, tc.wantProvider, metaKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider), "detected provider")
+			require.Equal(t, tc.wantModel, metaKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel), "detected (normalized) model")
+
+			in.Status = 200
+			in.RespHeaders = []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: tc.respCT}}
+			in.RespBody = tc.respBody
+
+			respOut, err := respMW.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "response parser")
+			in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, respOut.Metadata...)
+
+			costOut, err := costMW.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "cost meter")
+
+			if tc.wantSkip != "" {
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.wantSkip, metaKV(costOut.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped), "expected cost skip reason")
+				assert.Empty(t, metaKV(costOut.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal), "no cost may be emitted on skip")
+				return
+			}
+
+			raw := metaKV(costOut.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+			require.NotEmpty(t, raw, "cost.usd_total must be emitted; skip=%q", metaKV(costOut.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped))
+			got, err := strconv.ParseFloat(raw, 64)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "cost must be a float")
+			// cost.usd_total is rendered with %.6f: allow half of the last printed digit on top of float error.
+			assert.InDelta(t, tc.wantCost, got, 5.1e-7, "USD cost for %s", tc.name)
+
+			rawCache := metaKV(costOut.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDCache)
+			require.NotEmpty(t, rawCache, "cost.usd_cache must be emitted next to cost.usd_total")
+			gotCache, err := strconv.ParseFloat(rawCache, 64)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "cache cost must be a float")
+			assert.InDelta(t, tc.wantCacheCost, gotCache, 5.1e-7, "cache USD cost for %s", tc.name)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// metaKV returns the value for key in kvs, or "" when absent.
+func metaKV(kvs []middleware.KV, key string) string {
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// sseBody renders data frames as a text/event-stream body.
+func sseBody(frames ...string) []byte {
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	for _, f := range frames {
+		b.WriteString("data: ")
+		b.WriteString(f)
+		b.WriteString("\n\n")
+	}
+	return b.Bytes()
+}
+
+// awsFrame encodes one AWS event-stream frame with the given :event-type.
+func awsFrame(t *testing.T, eventType string, payload []byte) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := eventstream.NewEncoder()
+	require.NoError(t, enc.Encode(&buf, eventstream.Message{
+		Headers: eventstream.Headers{{Name: ":event-type", Value: eventstream.StringValue(eventType)}},
+		Payload: payload,
+	}), "encode event-stream frame")
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// bedrockInvokeStream builds an invoke-with-response-stream body: each "chunk" frame wraps a base64 Anthropic event.
+func bedrockInvokeStream(t *testing.T, events ...string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	for _, ev := range events {
+		wrap, err := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"bytes": base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(ev))})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		body.Write(awsFrame(t, "chunk", wrap))
+	}
+	return body.Bytes()
+}
+
+// bedrockConverseStream builds a converse-stream body: contentBlockDelta frames plus a trailing metadata usage frame.
+func bedrockConverseStream(t *testing.T, deltas ...string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	for i, ev := range deltas {
+		eventType := "contentBlockDelta"
+		if i == len(deltas)-1 {
+			eventType = "metadata"
+		}
+		body.Write(awsFrame(t, eventType, []byte(ev)))
+	}
+	return body.Bytes()
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/factory.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/factory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2993ce32e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/factory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+package cost_meter
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/llm/pricing"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+)
+
+// Config is the on-wire configuration for the middleware, synthesized by
+// management (buildCostMeterConfigJSON). The proxy has no embedded price
+// list: this payload is the only pricing source, and updates arrive as
+// ordinary mapping pushes that rebuild the chain (and with it this
+// middleware instance) — no per-request fetches, no reload loops.
+type Config struct {
+	Pricing *PricingConfig `json:"pricing"`
+}
+
+// PricingConfig carries the full pricing table:
+//   - Defaults: parser surface ("openai"/"anthropic"/"bedrock") ->
+//     normalized model id -> rates, matched against llm.provider +
+//     llm.model.
+//   - Providers: provider record id -> normalized model id -> rates,
+//     matched against the llm.resolved_provider_id metadata llm_router
+//     stamps. Entries arrive fully materialized (management folds default
+//     cache rates in at synth time), so lookup order is simply
+//     per-record first, defaults second.
+type PricingConfig struct {
+	Defaults  map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON `json:"defaults"`
+	Providers map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON `json:"providers"`
+}
+
+// Factory builds cost_meter instances from raw config bytes.
+type Factory struct{}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (Factory) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// New constructs a middleware instance. Empty, null, and {} configs are
+// accepted for backward compatibility with a management server that
+// predates config-delivered pricing — the instance then skips every cost
+// computation (unknown_model) and a warning is logged once at build time.
+// Non-empty rawConfig that fails to unmarshal, or a table carrying a
+// non-finite / negative rate, is rejected so misconfigurations surface at
+// chain build time.
+func (Factory) New(rawConfig []byte) (middleware.Middleware, error) {
+	cfg, err := decodeConfig(rawConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if cfg.Pricing == nil {
+		if logger := builtin.Context().Logger; logger != nil {
+			logger.Warnf("cost_meter: no pricing table in middleware config; management predates config-delivered pricing — every request will record cost.skipped=unknown_model ($0)")
+		}
+		return newMiddleware(mustEmptyTable(), nil), nil
+	}
+
+	defaults, err := pricing.NewTable(cfg.Pricing.Defaults)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cost_meter pricing defaults: %w", err)
+	}
+	perRecord, err := pricing.NewEntries(cfg.Pricing.Providers)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cost_meter per-provider pricing: %w", err)
+	}
+	return newMiddleware(defaults, perRecord), nil
+}
+
+// mustEmptyTable returns a valid empty table. NewTable on a nil map cannot
+// fail; the panic guard documents that invariant.
+func mustEmptyTable() *pricing.Table {
+	t, err := pricing.NewTable(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("cost_meter: empty pricing table must build: %v", err))
+	}
+	return t
+}
+
+// decodeConfig accepts empty, null, and {} configs, returning a
+// zero-value Config. Non-empty payloads must parse cleanly.
+func decodeConfig(rawConfig []byte) (Config, error) {
+	var cfg Config
+	if len(bytes.TrimSpace(rawConfig)) == 0 {
+		return cfg, nil
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(rawConfig, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return cfg, fmt.Errorf("decode config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	builtin.Register(Factory{})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/middleware.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e2e0590c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+// Package cost_meter implements the SlotOnResponse middleware that
+// converts token-usage metadata emitted by llm_response_parser into a
+// per-request USD cost estimate. Pricing arrives from management inside
+// the middleware config: a per-provider-record table (the operator's
+// stored prices, matched via llm.resolved_provider_id) consulted first,
+// then the surface-keyed defaults table.
+package cost_meter
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/llm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/llm/pricing"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// ID is the registry identifier for this middleware.
+const ID = "cost_meter"
+
+// Version is the implementation version emitted via the spec merge.
+// 1.1.0: pricing is config-delivered (defaults + per-provider-record
+// entries) instead of proxy-embedded.
+const Version = "1.1.0"
+
+// Skip reasons emitted under KeyCostSkipped. The set is closed; the
+// dashboard surfaces these verbatim.
+const (
+	skipMissingProvider = "missing_provider"
+	skipMissingModel    = "missing_model"
+	skipMissingTokens   = "missing_tokens"
+	//nolint:gosec // skip-reason label, not a credential
+	skipUnparseableTokens = "unparseable_tokens"
+	skipZeroTokens        = "zero_tokens"
+	skipUnknownModel      = "unknown_model"
+)
+
+var metadataKeys = []string{
+	middleware.KeyCostUSDInput,
+	middleware.KeyCostUSDCachedInput,
+	middleware.KeyCostUSDCacheCreation,
+	middleware.KeyCostUSDOutput,
+	middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal,
+	middleware.KeyCostUSDCache,
+	middleware.KeyCostSkipped,
+}
+
+// Middleware computes a per-response cost estimate from the token
+// counts emitted upstream by llm_response_parser. Both tables are
+// immutable — a pricing change arrives as a mapping push that rebuilds
+// the chain with a fresh instance.
+type Middleware struct {
+	// defaults is the surface-keyed table (llm.provider x llm.model).
+	defaults *pricing.Table
+	// perRecord is keyed by provider record id (llm.resolved_provider_id)
+	// then normalized model id; entries arrive fully materialized from
+	// management. Consulted before defaults. May be nil.
+	perRecord map[string]map[string]pricing.Entry
+}
+
+// newMiddleware constructs a Middleware over the given pricing tables.
+func newMiddleware(defaults *pricing.Table, perRecord map[string]map[string]pricing.Entry) *Middleware {
+	return &Middleware{defaults: defaults, perRecord: perRecord}
+}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (m *Middleware) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// Version returns the implementation version.
+func (m *Middleware) Version() string { return Version }
+
+// Slot reports that the middleware runs after the upstream call.
+func (m *Middleware) Slot() middleware.Slot { return middleware.SlotOnResponse }
+
+// AcceptedContentTypes is empty: cost_meter never inspects bodies.
+func (m *Middleware) AcceptedContentTypes() []string { return []string{} }
+
+// MetadataKeys returns the closed allowlist of keys this middleware
+// may emit.
+func (m *Middleware) MetadataKeys() []string {
+	return append([]string(nil), metadataKeys...)
+}
+
+// MutationsSupported reports that this middleware never mutates the
+// response.
+func (m *Middleware) MutationsSupported() bool { return false }
+
+// Close releases resources owned by the middleware. Stateless — the
+// pricing tables are plain maps owned by this instance.
+func (m *Middleware) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// Invoke reads provider, model, and token metadata, looks up pricing,
+// and emits either KeyCostUSDTotal or KeyCostSkipped. The decision is
+// always DecisionAllow; cost metering never denies or mutates.
+func (m *Middleware) Invoke(_ context.Context, in *middleware.Input) (*middleware.Output, error) {
+	out := &middleware.Output{Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow}
+	if in == nil {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	provider := lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	if provider == "" {
+		out.Metadata = skip(skipMissingProvider)
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	model := lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+	if model == "" {
+		out.Metadata = skip(skipMissingModel)
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	inRaw, hasIn := lookupKVOK(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	outRaw, hasOut := lookupKVOK(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens)
+	if !hasIn || !hasOut {
+		out.Metadata = skip(skipMissingTokens)
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	inTokens, err := strconv.ParseInt(inRaw, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil || inTokens < 0 {
+		// Unparseable or negative tokens are not a runtime error: the
+		// upstream llm_response_parser emitted a non-numeric / invalid
+		// value, so we surface that as cost.skipped and continue with
+		// Allow rather than pricing a negative count.
+		out.Metadata = skip(skipUnparseableTokens)
+		return out, nil //nolint:nilerr // structured skip; not a runtime error
+	}
+	outTokens, err := strconv.ParseInt(outRaw, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil || outTokens < 0 {
+		out.Metadata = skip(skipUnparseableTokens)
+		return out, nil //nolint:nilerr // structured skip; not a runtime error
+	}
+
+	// Cache buckets are optional and silently zeroed on a missing /
+	// malformed value; they're a refinement on top of input cost,
+	// not a precondition. A buggy value falls back to 0, never aborts.
+	cachedTokens := parseOptionalInt64(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens)
+	cacheCreationTokens := parseOptionalInt64(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCacheCreationTokens)
+
+	if inTokens == 0 && outTokens == 0 && cachedTokens == 0 && cacheCreationTokens == 0 {
+		out.Metadata = skip(skipZeroTokens)
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	costs, ok := m.lookupCosts(in.Metadata, provider, model, inTokens, outTokens, cachedTokens, cacheCreationTokens)
+	if !ok {
+		out.Metadata = skip(skipUnknownModel)
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	// Per-bucket costs first: they're the base of the breakdown, and the two
+	// aggregates that follow are derived from exactly these four values.
+	out.Metadata = []middleware.KV{
+		{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDInput, Value: usd(costs.InputUSD)},
+		{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDCachedInput, Value: usd(costs.CachedInputUSD)},
+		{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDCacheCreation, Value: usd(costs.CacheCreationUSD)},
+		{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDOutput, Value: usd(costs.OutputUSD)},
+		{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal, Value: usd(costs.TotalUSD)},
+		{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDCache, Value: usd(costs.CacheUSD)},
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// lookupCosts resolves the price for this request and computes the cost
+// split. Resolution order:
+//
+//  1. Per-provider-record entry: the operator's stored price for the
+//     provider route that served the request, keyed by the
+//     llm.resolved_provider_id metadata llm_router stamped on the allow
+//     path. Absent metadata (e.g. no router in the chain) skips this tier.
+//  2. Surface defaults: the catalog-derived table keyed by llm.provider.
+//
+// The surface always selects the cache formula — a per-record entry for an
+// Anthropic route still bills its cache buckets additively.
+func (m *Middleware) lookupCosts(md []middleware.KV, surface, model string, inTokens, outTokens, cachedTokens, cacheCreationTokens int64) (pricing.Costs, bool) {
+	if recordID := lookupKV(md, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID); recordID != "" {
+		if entry, ok := perRecordEntry(m.perRecord[recordID], model); ok {
+			return pricing.EntryCosts(entry, surface, inTokens, outTokens, cachedTokens, cacheCreationTokens), true
+		}
+	}
+	return m.defaults.Costs(surface, model, inTokens, outTokens, cachedTokens, cacheCreationTokens)
+}
+
+// perRecordEntry resolves the operator's stored price for a model on one
+// provider record, falling back to the undated form of a dated Anthropic id
+// so a client that pins a release date still bills at the registered rate.
+func perRecordEntry(byModel map[string]pricing.Entry, model string) (pricing.Entry, bool) {
+	if entry, ok := byModel[model]; ok {
+		return entry, true
+	}
+	undated := llm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(model)
+	if undated == model {
+		return pricing.Entry{}, false
+	}
+	entry, ok := byModel[undated]
+	return entry, ok
+}
+
+// usd renders a cost as the fixed-precision string every cost.usd_* key
+// carries, so the per-bucket values and the aggregates round identically.
+//
+// 9 decimals, not 6: these values are summed downstream — per request, per
+// session, and per usage bucket — so the rounding step is applied once per
+// bucket per row and then accumulated. At 6 decimals a single row loses up to
+// 2e-6 across its four buckets (enough to break a 1e-6 reconciliation against
+// published rates), and a bucket smaller than half a microdollar quantises to
+// zero outright: 16 cache-read tokens on a cheap model is 1.6e-9, so summing
+// 10k such rows reports 0.02 instead of 0.016. Nano-dollar precision keeps the
+// per-row error ~1000x below the smallest realistic bucket.
+func usd(v float64) string { return fmt.Sprintf("%.9f", v) }
+
+// skip returns a single-entry metadata slice carrying the given skip
+// reason under KeyCostSkipped.
+func skip(reason string) []middleware.KV {
+	return []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyCostSkipped, Value: reason}}
+}
+
+// lookupKV returns the value associated with key, or the empty string
+// when the key is absent.
+func lookupKV(kvs []middleware.KV, key string) string {
+	v, _ := lookupKVOK(kvs, key)
+	return v
+}
+
+// lookupKVOK returns the value associated with key plus a presence
+// flag so callers can distinguish absent from empty.
+func lookupKVOK(kvs []middleware.KV, key string) (string, bool) {
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+// parseOptionalInt64 reads a metadata value and decodes it as int64.
+// Absent or unparseable values yield 0 — the caller treats absence as
+// "no cached tokens" rather than an error, since cache buckets are a
+// refinement, not a precondition.
+func parseOptionalInt64(kvs []middleware.KV, key string) int64 {
+	raw, ok := lookupKVOK(kvs, key)
+	if !ok {
+		return 0
+	}
+	v, err := strconv.ParseInt(raw, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil || v < 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return v
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/middleware_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..482061270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter/middleware_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
+package cost_meter
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/llm/pricing"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// fixtureConfig mirrors what management's buildCostMeterConfigJSON ships:
+// a surface-keyed defaults table. Rates match the retired YAML fixture so
+// every cost assertion below is byte-identical to the pre-feature values.
+func fixtureConfig(t *testing.T) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(Config{Pricing: &PricingConfig{
+		Defaults: map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON{
+			"openai": {
+				"gpt-4o":      {InputPer1K: 0.0025, OutputPer1K: 0.01},
+				"gpt-4o-mini": {InputPer1K: 0.00015, OutputPer1K: 0.0006},
+			},
+			"anthropic": {
+				"claude-sonnet-4-5": {InputPer1K: 0.003, OutputPer1K: 0.015},
+			},
+		},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return raw
+}
+
+// fixtureConfigWithCache adds the cache-rate fields.
+func fixtureConfigWithCache(t *testing.T) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(Config{Pricing: &PricingConfig{
+		Defaults: map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON{
+			"openai": {
+				"gpt-4o": {InputPer1K: 0.0025, OutputPer1K: 0.01, CachedInputPer1K: 0.00125},
+			},
+			"anthropic": {
+				"claude-sonnet-4-5": {InputPer1K: 0.003, OutputPer1K: 0.015, CacheReadPer1K: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1K: 0.00375},
+			},
+		},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return raw
+}
+
+func metaValue(t *testing.T, kvs []middleware.KV, key string) (string, bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func buildMiddleware(t *testing.T, raw []byte) middleware.Middleware {
+	t.Helper()
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "factory must accept the supplied config")
+	return mw
+}
+
+func TestMiddleware_StaticSurface(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, ID, mw.ID(), "ID must match the registered constant")
+	assert.Equal(t, Version, mw.Version(), "Version must match the constant")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnResponse, mw.Slot(), "must run in the response slot")
+	assert.Empty(t, mw.AcceptedContentTypes(), "cost_meter does not inspect bodies")
+	assert.False(t, mw.MutationsSupported(), "cost_meter never mutates")
+	assert.NoError(t, mw.Close(), "Close on stateless middleware is a no-op")
+
+	keys := mw.MetadataKeys()
+	expected := []string{
+		middleware.KeyCostUSDInput,
+		middleware.KeyCostUSDCachedInput,
+		middleware.KeyCostUSDCacheCreation,
+		middleware.KeyCostUSDOutput,
+		middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal,
+		middleware.KeyCostUSDCache,
+		middleware.KeyCostSkipped,
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, keys, "metadata key allowlist must match the spec")
+}
+
+// TestFactory_AcceptsEmptyAndJSONConfig: empty/null/{} configs are what an
+// old management (pre config-delivered pricing) sends — they must build a
+// working (all-skip) instance, never fail the chain.
+func TestFactory_AcceptsEmptyAndJSONConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := [][]byte{nil, {}, []byte("null"), []byte("{}"), []byte("   ")}
+	for _, raw := range cases {
+		mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "empty/null/object config must be accepted")
+		require.NotNil(t, mw, "factory must return a middleware instance")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFactory_RejectsMalformedConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte("{not json"))
+	require.Error(t, err, "malformed config must surface at construction")
+	assert.Nil(t, mw, "no instance is returned on error")
+}
+
+// TestFactory_RejectsInvalidRates: a non-finite or negative rate anywhere
+// in the table fails the chain build (defense-in-depth behind management's
+// API validation) rather than silently mispricing.
+func TestFactory_RejectsInvalidRates(t *testing.T) {
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(Config{Pricing: &PricingConfig{
+		Defaults: map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON{
+			"openai": {"gpt-4o": {InputPer1K: -0.0025, OutputPer1K: 0.01}},
+		},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+	require.Error(t, err, "negative rate must fail the build")
+	assert.Nil(t, mw)
+
+	raw, err = json.Marshal(Config{Pricing: &PricingConfig{
+		Providers: map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON{
+			"prov-1": {"m": {InputPer1K: 0.01, OutputPer1K: 0.01, CacheReadPer1K: -1}},
+		},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = Factory{}.New(raw)
+	require.Error(t, err, "per-record tables validate too")
+}
+
+// TestFactory_NilPricingSkipsEverything is the version-skew contract: a
+// new proxy under an old management ({} config) must build, allow, and
+// skip with unknown_model — degraded but never broken.
+func TestFactory_NilPricingSkipsEverything(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, []byte("{}"))
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "cost_meter always allows")
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped)
+	require.True(t, ok, "no pricing table means every request skips")
+	assert.Equal(t, skipUnknownModel, value)
+}
+
+func TestFactory_ConfigDefaultsPriceRequests(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o-mini"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "cost_meter always allows")
+
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cost.usd_total must be emitted for known model")
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.000750000", value, "0.00015 + 0.0006 per 1k tokens, 9-decimal format")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_PerRecordEntryBeatsDefaults: when llm_router resolved a
+// provider record whose operator pinned a price for the model, that price
+// wins over the surface default.
+func TestInvoke_PerRecordEntryBeatsDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(Config{Pricing: &PricingConfig{
+		Defaults: map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON{
+			"openai": {"gpt-4o": {InputPer1K: 0.0025, OutputPer1K: 0.01}},
+		},
+		Providers: map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON{
+			"prov-azure": {"gpt-4o": {InputPer1K: 0.005, OutputPer1K: 0.02}},
+		},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, raw)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: "prov-azure"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.025000000", value, "operator's per-record price (0.005+0.02) wins over the default (0.0025+0.01)")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_PerRecordMissFallsBackToDefaults: a resolved record with no
+// entry for this model (or no entries at all) falls through to the
+// surface defaults — gateway providers rely on exactly this.
+func TestInvoke_PerRecordMissFallsBackToDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(Config{Pricing: &PricingConfig{
+		Defaults: map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON{
+			"openai": {"gpt-4o": {InputPer1K: 0.0025, OutputPer1K: 0.01}},
+		},
+		Providers: map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON{
+			"prov-1": {"some-other-model": {InputPer1K: 1, OutputPer1K: 1}},
+		},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, raw)
+
+	for name, recordID := range map[string]string{
+		"record with other models": "prov-1",
+		"record with no entries":   "prov-gateway",
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+				Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: recordID},
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+				},
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+			require.True(t, ok, "per-record miss must fall back to the surface default, not skip")
+			assert.Equal(t, "0.012500000", value, "default rates apply")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_NoResolvedProviderIDUsesDefaults: metadata without a
+// resolved provider id (router denied, or a chain without llm_router)
+// prices from the defaults table directly.
+func TestInvoke_NoResolvedProviderIDUsesDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.018000000", value, "0.003 + 0.015 = 0.018 with 9-decimal format")
+	_, skipped := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped)
+	assert.False(t, skipped, "cost.skipped must not be set when cost is computed")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_MissingProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "10"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "10"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cost.skipped must be set when provider is missing")
+	assert.Equal(t, skipMissingProvider, value, "skip reason matches missing_provider")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_MissingModel(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "10"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "10"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cost.skipped must be set when model is missing")
+	assert.Equal(t, skipMissingModel, value, "skip reason matches missing_model")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_MissingTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		md   []middleware.KV
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "input only",
+			md: []middleware.KV{
+				{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+				{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+				{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "10"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "output only",
+			md: []middleware.KV{
+				{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+				{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+				{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "10"},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "neither",
+			md: []middleware.KV{
+				{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+				{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{Metadata: tc.md})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped)
+			require.True(t, ok, "cost.skipped must be set when token keys are missing")
+			assert.Equal(t, skipMissingTokens, value, "skip reason matches missing_tokens")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_UnparseableTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   string
+		out  string
+	}{
+		{name: "input non-numeric", in: "abc", out: "10"},
+		{name: "output non-numeric", in: "10", out: "xyz"},
+		{name: "both garbage", in: "??", out: "??"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+				Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: tc.in},
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: tc.out},
+				},
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped)
+			require.True(t, ok, "cost.skipped must be set on unparseable tokens")
+			assert.Equal(t, skipUnparseableTokens, value, "skip reason matches unparseable_tokens")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_ZeroTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "0"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "0"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cost.skipped must be set when both token counts are zero")
+	assert.Equal(t, skipZeroTokens, value, "skip reason matches zero_tokens")
+	_, hasCost := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+	assert.False(t, hasCost, "cost.usd_total must not be emitted for zero tokens")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_UnknownModel(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "fantasy-model-9000"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "10"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "10"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostSkipped)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cost.skipped must be set when pricing entry is absent")
+	assert.Equal(t, skipUnknownModel, value, "skip reason matches unknown_model")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_NilInput(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfig(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out, "output must be returned even on nil input")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "decision must be allow on nil input")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Metadata, "no metadata must be emitted on nil input")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_OpenAICachedSubsetDiscount proves the OpenAI shape end
+// to end through the middleware: cached_input_tokens is treated as a
+// SUBSET of input_tokens and discounted at the configured rate, not
+// added on top.
+func TestInvoke_OpenAICachedSubsetDiscount(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfigWithCache(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "500"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens, Value: "750"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cached subset path must produce a cost — never a skip")
+	// 250 non-cached at 0.0025/1k + 750 cached at 0.00125/1k + 500 output at 0.01/1k.
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.006562500", value,
+		"cached subset must be billed at the discount rate, non-cached at the full rate; never double-billed")
+
+	cache, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDCache)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cost.usd_cache must be emitted alongside cost.usd_total")
+	// 750 cached at 0.00125/1k = 0.0009375.
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.000937500", cache, "cache cost is the discounted cost of the cached subset")
+
+	// Per-bucket breakdown. On OpenAI the cached subset is carved out of the
+	// input bucket, so input covers only the 250 non-cached tokens — the two
+	// must never double-count the same 750 tokens.
+	assertBucket(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDInput, "0.000625000",
+		"input bucket bills only the non-cached remainder")
+	assertBucket(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDCachedInput, "0.000937500",
+		"cached-input bucket bills the discounted subset")
+	assertBucket(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDCacheCreation, "0.000000000",
+		"OpenAI has no cache-write bucket")
+	assertBucket(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDOutput, "0.005000000",
+		"output bucket bills 500 tokens at 0.01/1k")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_AnthropicCacheBucketsAdditive proves the Anthropic
+// shape: cache_read and cache_creation are additive to input_tokens
+// and each carries its own rate.
+func TestInvoke_AnthropicCacheBucketsAdditive(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfigWithCache(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "256"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "200"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens, Value: "768"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMCacheCreationTokens, Value: "512"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	// 256 input * 0.003 + 768 cache_read * 0.0003 + 512 cache_creation * 0.00375 + 200 output * 0.015
+	// = 0.000768 + 0.0002304 + 0.00192 + 0.003 = 0.0059184.
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.005918400", value,
+		"each Anthropic input bucket must bill at its own rate — cache_read cheap, cache_creation expensive, regular input mid")
+
+	cache, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDCache)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cost.usd_cache must be emitted alongside cost.usd_total")
+	// 768 cache_read * 0.0003 + 512 cache_creation * 0.00375 = 0.0021504.
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.002150400", cache, "cache cost sums the read and creation buckets")
+
+	// Per-bucket breakdown: four separately-billed buckets, each at its own rate.
+	assertBucket(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDInput, "0.000768000",
+		"input bucket bills 256 tokens at 0.003/1k")
+	assertBucket(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDCachedInput, "0.000230400",
+		"cache-read bucket bills 768 tokens at the cheap 0.0003/1k")
+	assertBucket(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDCacheCreation, "0.001920000",
+		"cache-write bucket bills 512 tokens at the expensive 0.00375/1k")
+	assertBucket(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDOutput, "0.003000000",
+		"output bucket bills 200 tokens at 0.015/1k")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_PerRecordEntryUsesSurfaceFormula: a per-record entry for an
+// anthropic-surface request must bill its cache buckets additively — the
+// formula follows llm.provider, not which table the entry came from.
+func TestInvoke_PerRecordEntryUsesSurfaceFormula(t *testing.T) {
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(Config{Pricing: &PricingConfig{
+		Providers: map[string]map[string]pricing.EntryJSON{
+			"prov-ant": {"claude-sonnet-4-5": {InputPer1K: 0.003, OutputPer1K: 0.015, CacheReadPer1K: 0.0003, CacheCreationPer1K: 0.00375}},
+		},
+	}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, raw)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: "prov-ant"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "256"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "200"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens, Value: "768"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMCacheCreationTokens, Value: "512"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.005918400", value, "identical math to the defaults-table entry with the same rates")
+}
+
+// assertBucket asserts one per-bucket cost key carries the expected
+// 9-decimal value.
+func assertBucket(t *testing.T, md []middleware.KV, key, want, msg string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	got, ok := metaValue(t, md, key)
+	require.Truef(t, ok, "%s must be emitted", key)
+	assert.Equal(t, want, got, msg)
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_CachedTokensAbsentFallsBackToBaseFormula covers the
+// no-cache-metadata path: with no cached keys emitted, the meter must
+// produce exactly the input+output cost.
+func TestInvoke_CachedTokensAbsentFallsBackToBaseFormula(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfigWithCache(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "500"},
+			// No KeyLLMCachedInputTokens — the parser didn't see one.
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	// 1000 input * 0.0025 + 500 output * 0.01 = 0.0025 + 0.005 = 0.0075
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.007500000", value, "no cached metadata = plain input+output cost")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_UnparseableCachedTokensSkippedSilently proves the
+// optional-bucket contract: a malformed cached_input_tokens metadata
+// value falls back to 0 (= no cached count) and continues with the
+// regular formula. Cache buckets are a refinement, never a reason to
+// abort cost computation.
+func TestInvoke_UnparseableCachedTokensSkippedSilently(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := buildMiddleware(t, fixtureConfigWithCache(t))
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "1000"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "500"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens, Value: "not-a-number"},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	value, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal)
+	require.True(t, ok, "garbage cache metadata must NOT switch the response from a cost to a skip — fall back to 0 cached")
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.007500000", value, "same as the no-cached-metadata path")
+}
+
+// TestMiddleware_CloseNilSafe confirms Close is a no-op (no panic) even
+// for a nil receiver.
+func TestMiddleware_CloseNilSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, newMiddleware(nil, nil).Close(), "Close must be a no-op")
+	var m *Middleware
+	require.NoError(t, m.Close(), "nil-receiver Close must be safe")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/factory.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/factory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9cec0dc68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/factory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package llm_guardrail
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+)
+
+// Config is the JSON-decoded shape accepted by the factory. The
+// runtime path consumes the normalised allowlists; raw config is not
+// retained beyond construction.
+type Config struct {
+	// ProviderAllowlists maps a resolved provider id (KeyLLMResolvedProviderID) to
+	// its model allowlist. A provider present is restricted to those models; one
+	// absent is unrestricted. Kept per-provider so one provider's list can't leak
+	// onto another.
+	ProviderAllowlists map[string][]string `json:"provider_allowlists,omitempty"`
+	PromptCapture      PromptCapture       `json:"prompt_capture"`
+}
+
+// PromptCapture toggles the optional prompt capture + redaction step
+// that emits llm.request_prompt onto the metadata bag.
+type PromptCapture struct {
+	Enabled   bool `json:"enabled"`
+	RedactPii bool `json:"redact_pii"`
+}
+
+// Factory builds a configured llm_guardrail middleware instance.
+type Factory struct{}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier matching the middleware ID.
+func (Factory) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// New decodes the raw JSON config and returns a ready Middleware. An
+// empty / null / empty-object payload yields a zero-value Config.
+func (Factory) New(rawConfig []byte) (middleware.Middleware, error) {
+	cfg := Config{}
+	if len(rawConfig) > 0 && !isEmptyJSON(rawConfig) {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(rawConfig, &cfg); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode config: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return New(cfg), nil
+}
+
+// isEmptyJSON reports whether the payload is whitespace, null, or an
+// empty object/array. The caller skips Unmarshal in that case so the
+// zero-value Config flows through unchanged.
+func isEmptyJSON(raw []byte) bool {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(string(raw))
+	switch trimmed {
+	case "", "null", "{}", "[]":
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// normaliseConfig lowercases and trims allowlist entries for case-insensitive
+// matching; empty entries drop. A provider whose entries all drop keeps an empty
+// (non-nil) list — "deny every model" — distinct from an absent provider
+// (unrestricted).
+func normaliseConfig(cfg Config) Config {
+	if len(cfg.ProviderAllowlists) == 0 {
+		cfg.ProviderAllowlists = nil
+		return cfg
+	}
+	cleaned := make(map[string][]string, len(cfg.ProviderAllowlists))
+	for provider, models := range cfg.ProviderAllowlists {
+		list := make([]string, 0, len(models))
+		for _, entry := range models {
+			n := normaliseModel(entry)
+			if n == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			list = append(list, n)
+		}
+		cleaned[provider] = list
+	}
+	cfg.ProviderAllowlists = cleaned
+	return cfg
+}
+
+// normaliseModel lowercases and trims a single model identifier.
+func normaliseModel(model string) string {
+	return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(model))
+}
+
+func init() {
+	builtin.Register(Factory{})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/middleware.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d2b14f265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+// Package llm_guardrail implements the SlotOnRequest middleware that
+// enforces the per-target LLM guardrail policy: a model allowlist
+// check and an opt-in prompt-capture step that may run a PII redactor
+// before emitting the prompt into the metadata bag.
+//
+// The middleware runs after llm_request_parser, which is responsible
+// for extracting the model and raw prompt onto the metadata side
+// channel. llm_guardrail consumes those keys, decides allow/deny, and
+// emits its own decision metadata plus the optional redacted prompt.
+package llm_guardrail
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// ID is the registry key for this middleware.
+const ID = "llm_guardrail"
+
+const (
+	version          = "1.0.0"
+	maxPromptBytes   = 3500
+	denyCodeModel    = "llm_policy.model_blocked"
+	denyReasonModel  = "model_blocked"
+	denyMessageModel = "model is not in the policy allowlist"
+	// Deny reason used when an allowlist is configured but the request model
+	// could not be determined. URL/path-routed providers (AWS Bedrock, Google
+	// Vertex, ...) carry the model outside the JSON body, so a request shape the
+	// parser does not recognise reaches the guardrail with no model. Such a
+	// request must be denied (fail closed), never waved through.
+	denyCodeModelUnknown    = "llm_policy.model_unknown"
+	denyReasonModelUnknown  = "model_unknown"
+	denyMessageModelUnknown = "request model could not be determined for the policy allowlist"
+)
+
+// Middleware enforces the model allowlist and optionally captures the
+// request prompt with PII redaction.
+type Middleware struct {
+	cfg Config
+}
+
+// New constructs a Middleware with the supplied configuration. Model
+// allowlist entries are normalised so the runtime check is
+// case-insensitive and trim-tolerant.
+func New(cfg Config) *Middleware {
+	return &Middleware{cfg: normaliseConfig(cfg)}
+}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (m *Middleware) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// Version returns the implementation version.
+func (m *Middleware) Version() string { return version }
+
+// Slot reports the chain slot the middleware lives in.
+func (m *Middleware) Slot() middleware.Slot { return middleware.SlotOnRequest }
+
+// AcceptedContentTypes lists the request body content types the
+// middleware needs. Guardrail consumes metadata produced upstream and
+// does not touch the body itself, but we keep application/json so the
+// body policy retains the parsed payload upstream when required.
+func (m *Middleware) AcceptedContentTypes() []string {
+	return []string{"application/json"}
+}
+
+// MetadataKeys is the closed set of metadata keys this middleware may
+// emit. The accumulator drops anything outside this allowlist.
+func (m *Middleware) MetadataKeys() []string {
+	return []string{
+		middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision,
+		middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason,
+		middleware.KeyLLMRequestPrompt,
+	}
+}
+
+// MutationsSupported reports whether the middleware emits header / body
+// mutations. Guardrail never mutates the request.
+func (m *Middleware) MutationsSupported() bool { return false }
+
+// Invoke runs the policy. The model allowlist is the only deny path;
+// prompt capture only affects the metadata emitted alongside an allow.
+func (m *Middleware) Invoke(_ context.Context, in *middleware.Input) (*middleware.Output, error) {
+	model, modelPresent := lookupMetadata(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+	providerID, _ := lookupMetadata(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	surface, _ := lookupMetadata(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	nonInference, _ := lookupMetadata(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMNonInference)
+
+	if denial := m.evaluateAllowlist(providerID, surface, model, modelPresent, nonInference == "true"); denial != nil {
+		return denial, nil
+	}
+
+	out := &middleware.Output{
+		Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "allow"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason, Value: ""},
+		},
+	}
+
+	if prompt, ok := m.capturePrompt(in.Metadata); ok {
+		out.Metadata = append(out.Metadata, middleware.KV{
+			Key:   middleware.KeyLLMRequestPrompt,
+			Value: prompt,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// Close releases resources owned by the middleware. Stateless, so this
+// is a no-op.
+func (m *Middleware) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// evaluateAllowlist denies when the resolved provider's allowlist rejects the
+// model; nil means proceed. Scoped to the provider llm_router resolved, so an
+// unrestricted provider (absent from config) is never caught by another's list.
+func (m *Middleware) evaluateAllowlist(providerID, surface, model string, modelPresent, nonInference bool) *middleware.Output {
+	if len(m.cfg.ProviderAllowlists) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Restrictions exist but the resolved provider is unknown, so we can't tell
+	// if this request targets a restricted provider — fail closed. llm_router
+	// normally stamps the provider first, so this is a defensive guard.
+	if providerID == "" {
+		return denyModel(surface, "", denyCodeModelUnknown, denyMessageModelUnknown, denyReasonModelUnknown)
+	}
+	allowlist, restricted := m.cfg.ProviderAllowlists[providerID]
+	if !restricted {
+		// This provider has no allowlist (some authorising policy left it
+		// unrestricted); management owns any per-policy/group decision.
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Fail closed: with an allowlist in effect for this provider, a request whose
+	// model the parser couldn't extract (absent/empty) is denied. This enforces
+	// the allowlist for path-routed providers (Bedrock, Vertex) with no body model.
+	//
+	// The exception is a non-inference endpoint the router already authorised.
+	// The model listing and the connection-warming probe name no model
+	// anywhere — not in a body, not in the path — so failing closed here
+	// rejected model discovery for exactly the accounts that configured an
+	// allowlist, which is the outage this endpoint is meant to avoid. The
+	// per-model lookup does name one (the router stamps it from the path), so
+	// it still falls through to the allowlist check below.
+	if !modelPresent || normaliseModel(model) == "" {
+		if nonInference {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return denyModel(surface, "", denyCodeModelUnknown, denyMessageModelUnknown, denyReasonModelUnknown)
+	}
+	if modelInAllowlist(allowlist, model) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return denyModel(surface, model, denyCodeModel, denyMessageModel, denyReasonModel)
+}
+
+// denyModel builds a 403 deny Output for a model-allowlist rejection. model is
+// included in the details only when non-empty.
+func denyModel(surface, model, code, message, reason string) *middleware.Output {
+	details := map[string]string{}
+	if model != "" {
+		details["model"] = model
+	}
+	return &middleware.Output{
+		Decision:   middleware.DecisionDeny,
+		DenyStatus: 403,
+		DenyReason: &middleware.DenyReason{
+			Code:    code,
+			Message: message,
+			Details: details,
+			Surface: surface,
+		},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "deny"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason, Value: reason},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// modelInAllowlist reports whether the model matches any entry in the supplied
+// (already-normalised) allowlist under the case-insensitive, trim-tolerant
+// comparison rule.
+func modelInAllowlist(allowlist []string, model string) bool {
+	normalised := normaliseModel(model)
+	if normalised == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, allowed := range allowlist {
+		if allowed == normalised {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// capturePrompt returns the prompt to emit and whether it should be
+// emitted at all. The truncation guarantee is upheld here regardless of
+// whether redaction grew the string.
+func (m *Middleware) capturePrompt(meta []middleware.KV) (string, bool) {
+	if !m.cfg.PromptCapture.Enabled {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	raw, ok := lookupMetadata(meta, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	prompt := raw
+	if m.cfg.PromptCapture.RedactPii {
+		prompt = redactPII(prompt)
+	}
+	if len(prompt) > maxPromptBytes {
+		// Back off to a UTF-8 rune boundary so we never emit a string
+		// split mid-rune.
+		cut := maxPromptBytes
+		for cut > 0 && !utf8.RuneStart(prompt[cut]) {
+			cut--
+		}
+		prompt = prompt[:cut]
+	}
+	return prompt, true
+}
+
+// lookupMetadata finds the first KV with the given key. Returns the
+// value and true when present; the empty string and false otherwise.
+func lookupMetadata(meta []middleware.KV, key string) (string, bool) {
+	for _, kv := range meta {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/middleware_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..19d8473fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/middleware_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+package llm_guardrail
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+func metaValue(t *testing.T, kvs []middleware.KV, key string) (string, bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func newInput(meta ...middleware.KV) *middleware.Input {
+	return &middleware.Input{Slot: middleware.SlotOnRequest, Metadata: meta}
+}
+
+const (
+	testProvider  = "prov-1"
+	otherProvider = "prov-2"
+)
+
+// providerCfg builds a Config restricting testProvider to the given models.
+func providerCfg(models ...string) Config {
+	return Config{ProviderAllowlists: map[string][]string{testProvider: models}}
+}
+
+// newInputProvider builds an input that carries a resolved provider id (as
+// llm_router would stamp) plus any extra metadata.
+func newInputProvider(provider string, meta ...middleware.KV) *middleware.Input {
+	all := make([]middleware.KV, 0, len(meta)+1)
+	all = append(all, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: provider})
+	all = append(all, meta...)
+	return &middleware.Input{Slot: middleware.SlotOnRequest, Metadata: all}
+}
+
+func TestMiddlewareIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{})
+	assert.Equal(t, ID, mw.ID(), "middleware ID must be llm_guardrail")
+	assert.Equal(t, "1.0.0", mw.Version(), "version must be 1.0.0")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnRequest, mw.Slot(), "guardrail must run in SlotOnRequest")
+	assert.False(t, mw.MutationsSupported(), "guardrail must not mutate requests")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"application/json"}, mw.AcceptedContentTypes(), "guardrail accepts application/json bodies")
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		[]string{
+			middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision,
+			middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason,
+			middleware.KeyLLMRequestPrompt,
+		},
+		mw.MetadataKeys(),
+		"metadata key allowlist must match the spec",
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.Close())
+}
+
+func TestAllowlistEmptyAllowsAnyModel(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{})
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "no provider allowlists must allow any model")
+	v, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision)
+	require.True(t, ok, "decision metadata must be emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "allow", v, "decision must be allow")
+	r, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason)
+	require.True(t, ok, "reason metadata must be emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "", r, "reason must be empty on allow")
+}
+
+func TestAllowlistMatchAllows(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(providerCfg("gpt-4o", "claude-opus-4"))
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "model in allowlist must be allowed")
+}
+
+func TestAllowlistMissDenies(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(providerCfg("gpt-4o"))
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-opus-4"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "non-allowlisted model must be denied")
+	assert.Equal(t, 403, out.DenyStatus, "deny status must be 403")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason, "deny reason must be populated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_blocked", out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code must match spec")
+	assert.Equal(t, "model is not in the policy allowlist", out.DenyReason.Message, "deny message must match spec")
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-opus-4", out.DenyReason.Details["model"], "deny details must include the offending model")
+
+	dec, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision)
+	assert.Equal(t, "deny", dec, "decision metadata must be deny")
+	reason, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "model_blocked", reason, "reason metadata must be model_blocked")
+}
+
+func TestAllowlistCaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(providerCfg("  GPT-4o  ", "Claude-OPUS-4"))
+	cases := []string{"gpt-4o", "GPT-4O", "  claude-opus-4 "}
+	for _, model := range cases {
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+			middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: model},
+		))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "case/whitespace variants must match: %q", model)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAllowlistMissingModelKeyDenies(t *testing.T) {
+	// Fail closed: with an allowlist in effect for the resolved provider, a
+	// request whose model the parser could not extract (URL/path-routed
+	// providers such as Bedrock or Vertex whose shape wasn't recognised) must be
+	// denied, not allowed.
+	mw := New(providerCfg("gpt-4o"))
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "absent model must be denied when the provider is restricted")
+	assert.Equal(t, 403, out.DenyStatus, "deny status must be 403")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason, "deny reason must be populated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_unknown", out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code must be model_unknown")
+	dec, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision)
+	assert.Equal(t, "deny", dec, "decision must be deny when model key is absent")
+	reason, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "model_unknown", reason, "reason metadata must be model_unknown")
+}
+
+func TestAllowlistEmptyModelValueDenies(t *testing.T) {
+	// A present-but-empty model is as undeterminable as an absent one.
+	mw := New(providerCfg("gpt-4o"))
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "   "},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "empty model must be denied when the provider is restricted")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason, "deny reason must be populated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_unknown", out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code must be model_unknown")
+}
+
+func TestAllowlistEmptyListAllowsMissingModel(t *testing.T) {
+	// Without any provider allowlists there is nothing to enforce, so a missing
+	// model is still allowed — the fail-closed rule only applies when a
+	// restriction is in effect.
+	mw := New(Config{})
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInput())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "no allowlist must allow even without a model")
+}
+
+func TestUnrestrictedProviderAllowsAnyModel(t *testing.T) {
+	// The request resolved to otherProvider, which has no allowlist, so its
+	// traffic must not be caught by testProvider's restriction — the
+	// cross-provider-leak / false-deny guard.
+	mw := New(providerCfg("gpt-4o"))
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(otherProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-opus-4"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "an unrestricted provider must not inherit another provider's allowlist")
+}
+
+func TestPerProviderAllowlistsAreIsolated(t *testing.T) {
+	// gpt-4o is allowed only on testProvider; claude-opus-4 only on
+	// otherProvider. A model allowlisted for one provider must not be usable on
+	// the other — the fail-closed layer never unions allowlists across providers.
+	mw := New(Config{ProviderAllowlists: map[string][]string{
+		testProvider:  {"gpt-4o"},
+		otherProvider: {"claude-opus-4"},
+	}})
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-opus-4"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "claude-opus-4 is allowed only on otherProvider, not testProvider")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_blocked", out.DenyReason.Code, "cross-provider model must be blocked, not model_unknown")
+}
+
+func TestRestrictionsButNoResolvedProviderFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	// Restrictions exist for the account but the resolved provider id is absent,
+	// so the request cannot be scoped to a provider. Fail closed rather than
+	// wave it through.
+	mw := New(providerCfg("gpt-4o"))
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInput(
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "missing resolved provider must fail closed when restrictions exist")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_unknown", out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code must be model_unknown")
+}
+
+func TestEnabledButEmptyAllowlistDeniesEveryModel(t *testing.T) {
+	// An allowlist-enabled provider with zero models is distinct from an
+	// unrestricted (absent) provider: it must deny every model.
+	mw := New(providerCfg())
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "an enabled-but-empty allowlist must deny every model")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_blocked", out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code must be model_blocked, not model_unknown")
+}
+
+func TestFactoryAllEmptyEntriesDenyEveryModel(t *testing.T) {
+	// All the provider's entries are blank; they collapse to a non-nil empty
+	// list (deny everything for that provider), not "no restriction".
+	raw := []byte(`{"provider_allowlists":{"prov-1":["","   "]}}`)
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "all-blank allowlist entries must still restrict the provider")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_blocked", out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code must be model_blocked")
+}
+
+func TestPromptCaptureDisabledEmitsNoPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{})
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInput(
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw, Value: "hello world"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPrompt)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "prompt must not be emitted when capture is disabled")
+}
+
+func TestPromptCaptureNoRedactionEmitsRaw(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{PromptCapture: PromptCapture{Enabled: true}})
+	raw := "hello world from user@example.com"
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInput(
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw, Value: raw},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	prompt, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPrompt)
+	require.True(t, ok, "prompt must be emitted when capture is enabled")
+	assert.Equal(t, raw, prompt, "prompt must pass through unchanged when redaction is off")
+}
+
+func TestPromptCaptureWithRedactionRedacts(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{PromptCapture: PromptCapture{Enabled: true, RedactPii: true}})
+	raw := "contact me at user@example.com or +14155551234"
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInput(
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw, Value: raw},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	prompt, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPrompt)
+	require.True(t, ok, "prompt must be emitted when capture is enabled")
+	assert.Contains(t, prompt, "[REDACTED:email]", "email must be redacted")
+	assert.Contains(t, prompt, "[REDACTED:phone]", "phone must be redacted")
+	assert.NotContains(t, prompt, "user@example.com", "raw email must not leak")
+}
+
+func TestPromptCaptureRedactionTruncatesIfGrows(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{PromptCapture: PromptCapture{Enabled: true, RedactPii: true}})
+	body := strings.Repeat("a", maxPromptBytes-10) + " user@example.com"
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInput(
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw, Value: body},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	prompt, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPrompt)
+	require.True(t, ok, "prompt must be emitted when capture is enabled")
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(prompt), maxPromptBytes, "prompt must be truncated to maxPromptBytes")
+}
+
+func TestPromptCaptureMissingRawNoEmit(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{PromptCapture: PromptCapture{Enabled: true, RedactPii: true}})
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInput())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPrompt)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "prompt must not be emitted when raw key is missing")
+}
+
+func TestFactoryAcceptsZeroConfigs(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string][]byte{
+		"nil":         nil,
+		"empty":       []byte(""),
+		"whitespace":  []byte("   \n  "),
+		"null":        []byte("null"),
+		"emptyObject": []byte("{}"),
+	}
+	f := Factory{}
+	for name, raw := range cases {
+		mw, err := f.New(raw)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "case %s must yield a zero-value config", name)
+		require.NotNil(t, mw)
+		assert.Equal(t, ID, mw.ID(), "case %s must build a guardrail middleware", name)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFactoryDecodesValidConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := Config{
+		ProviderAllowlists: map[string][]string{testProvider: {"gpt-4o"}},
+		PromptCapture:      PromptCapture{Enabled: true, RedactPii: true},
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshalling test config must succeed")
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, mw)
+}
+
+func TestFactoryRejectsMalformedJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte("{not-json"))
+	assert.Error(t, err, "malformed JSON must surface as a factory error")
+	assert.Nil(t, mw, "no middleware must be returned on malformed config")
+}
+
+func TestFactoryNormalisesAllowlist(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := []byte(`{"provider_allowlists":{"prov-1":["  GPT-4o  ","",""," Claude-3 "]}}`)
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "factory must lowercase + trim allowlist entries")
+	out2, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-3"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out2.Decision, "trimmed entry must still match")
+}
+
+// TestAllowlistSkipsNonInferenceWithoutModel covers the reported regression:
+// GET /v1/models carries no model anywhere, so the fail-closed rule above
+// denied model discovery for exactly the accounts that configured a provider
+// allowlist — the clients that read a 403 here render an empty model picker.
+// The router authorises those endpoints by path before the guardrail sees
+// them, so an absent model there is expected rather than undeterminable.
+func TestAllowlistSkipsNonInferenceWithoutModel(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(providerCfg("gpt-4o"))
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMNonInference, Value: "true"},
+	))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+		"model discovery must not be refused because it names no model")
+}
+
+// TestAllowlistStillAppliesToNonInferenceWithModel pins that the exemption is
+// scoped to requests that genuinely name nothing. The per-model lookup
+// (GET /v1/models/{id}) is non-inference too, but the router stamps the model
+// from its path, so the allowlist must still decide it — otherwise the
+// exemption becomes a way to confirm a model the policy blocks.
+func TestAllowlistStillAppliesToNonInferenceWithModel(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(providerCfg("gpt-4o"))
+
+	t.Run("model in the allowlist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+			middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMNonInference, Value: "true"},
+			middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+		))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+			"an allowlisted model must stay reachable")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("model outside the allowlist", func(t *testing.T) {
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputProvider(testProvider,
+			middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMNonInference, Value: "true"},
+			middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-opus-5"},
+		))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision,
+			"non-inference must not become a way past the allowlist")
+		require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason)
+		assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_blocked", out.DenyReason.Code,
+			"a named but blocked model is blocked, not unknown")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/redact.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/redact.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c6cb270df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/redact.go
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package llm_guardrail
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// PII redactor scope: redact prompt content BEFORE it lands in the metadata
+// bag. The bearer-with-keyword pass runs first so the keyword is preserved.
+// We then chain the package-level middleware.Scan to pick up PEM, JWT, AWS
+// access keys, generic bearer tokens (40+ chars), and Luhn-validated credit
+// cards — keeping prompt redaction in sync with metadata-value scanning. Email,
+// SSN (dashed form), phone (E.164 + NA), and IPv4 are prompt-shaped patterns
+// the metadata scanner intentionally leaves alone.
+var (
+	emailRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`[A-Za-z0-9._%+\-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.\-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,}`)
+	ssnRegex   = regexp.MustCompile(`\b\d{3}-\d{2}-\d{4}\b`)
+	phoneE164  = regexp.MustCompile(`\+\d{8,15}\b`)
+	// phoneNARgx accepts the 3-3-4 North-American shape with any of the common
+	// separators (space, dot, dash, slash) or none at all between the area code
+	// and the body. The optional `\(?...\)?` wraps the area code; the separator
+	// classes use `*` (not `?`) so multi-char separators ("(202) " followed by
+	// space-and-something) and zero-separator runs ("2025550134") both match.
+	// False-positive tradeoff: 10 consecutive digits in a prompt will be
+	// treated as a phone number. For PII redaction that is the correct way to
+	// err — under-redaction leaks; over-redaction is annoying.
+	phoneNARgx  = regexp.MustCompile(`\(?\b\d{3}\)?[\s.\-/]*\d{3}[\s.\-/]*\d{4}\b`)
+	bearerRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\b(bearer|token|api[_-]?key|authorization)([\s:=]+)(\S{20,})`)
+	ipv4Regex   = regexp.MustCompile(`\b(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)\.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d\d|[1-9]?\d)\b`)
+)
+
+// redactPII is the package-private alias kept for internal callers; new code
+// outside the guardrail middleware should call RedactPII.
+func redactPII(value string) string { return RedactPII(value) }
+
+// RedactPII replaces high-signal PII patterns in value with
+// `[REDACTED:<kind>]`. Non-matching input is returned unchanged. Exported so
+// the request / response parsers can reuse the same coverage on raw prompts
+// and completions when the account's redact_pii toggle is on.
+func RedactPII(value string) string {
+	if value == "" {
+		return value
+	}
+	result := value
+	// Keyword-preserving bearer first so the "bearer "/"token=" prefix survives
+	// before the generic scanner gets at the same content.
+	result = bearerRegex.ReplaceAllStringFunc(result, redactBearer)
+	// Structured secrets shared with metadata-value scanning: PEM, JWT, AWS
+	// keys, generic bearer (40+), and Luhn-validated credit cards.
+	result = middleware.Scan(result)
+	// Prompt-shaped PII the metadata scanner doesn't cover.
+	result = emailRegex.ReplaceAllString(result, "[REDACTED:email]")
+	result = ssnRegex.ReplaceAllString(result, "[REDACTED:ssn]")
+	result = phoneE164.ReplaceAllString(result, "[REDACTED:phone]")
+	result = phoneNARgx.ReplaceAllString(result, "[REDACTED:phone]")
+	result = ipv4Regex.ReplaceAllString(result, "[REDACTED:ip]")
+	return result
+}
+
+// redactBearer keeps the leading keyword and its separator, replacing
+// only the secret payload so the surrounding context is preserved.
+func redactBearer(match string) string {
+	sub := bearerRegex.FindStringSubmatch(match)
+	if len(sub) < 4 {
+		return "[REDACTED:bearer]"
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(len(sub[1]) + len(sub[2]) + len("[REDACTED:bearer]"))
+	b.WriteString(sub[1])
+	b.WriteString(sub[2])
+	b.WriteString("[REDACTED:bearer]")
+	return b.String()
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/redact_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/redact_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef17f1d0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail/redact_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+package llm_guardrail
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestRedactPIIEmptyInput(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, "", redactPII(""), "empty input must round-trip unchanged")
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIPlainTextUntouched(t *testing.T) {
+	in := "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
+	assert.Equal(t, in, redactPII(in), "non-PII text must pass through unchanged")
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIEmail(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []string{
+		"contact user@example.com today",
+		"first.last+tag@sub.example.co",
+		"USER_42@EXAMPLE.COM",
+	}
+	for _, in := range cases {
+		out := redactPII(in)
+		assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:email]", "email must be redacted in %q", in)
+		assert.NotContains(t, strings.ToLower(out), "@example", "raw email host must not survive in %q", in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIISSN(t *testing.T) {
+	in := "ssn 123-45-6789 should be hidden"
+	out := redactPII(in)
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:ssn]", "SSN must be redacted")
+	assert.NotContains(t, out, "123-45-6789", "raw SSN must not survive")
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIPhoneE164(t *testing.T) {
+	in := "call me at +14155551234 anytime"
+	out := redactPII(in)
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:phone]", "E.164 phone must be redacted")
+	assert.NotContains(t, out, "+14155551234", "raw E.164 phone must not survive")
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIPhoneNorthAmerican(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []string{
+		"call (415) 555-1234 now",
+		"call 415-555-1234 now",
+		"call 415.555.1234 now",
+		"call 415 555 1234 now",
+	}
+	for _, in := range cases {
+		out := redactPII(in)
+		assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:phone]", "NA phone must be redacted in %q", in)
+		assert.NotContains(t, out, "555-1234", "raw NA phone must not survive in %q", in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIBearerKeepsKeyword(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in      string
+		keyword string
+	}{
+		{"Authorization: Bearer abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123", "Bearer"},
+		{"token = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", "token"},
+		{"api_key=abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123", "api_key"},
+		{"API-KEY: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123", "API-KEY"},
+		{"authorization: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123", "authorization"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		out := redactPII(tc.in)
+		assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:bearer]", "bearer-style secret must be redacted in %q", tc.in)
+		assert.Contains(t, out, tc.keyword, "leading keyword %q must be preserved in %q", tc.keyword, tc.in)
+		assert.NotContains(t, out, "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123", "raw bearer payload must not survive in %q", tc.in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIBearerShortValueUntouched(t *testing.T) {
+	in := "token=short"
+	out := redactPII(in)
+	assert.Equal(t, in, out, "short bearer-style values must not be redacted")
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIICombined(t *testing.T) {
+	in := "email user@example.com phone +14155551234 ssn 123-45-6789 token abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123"
+	out := redactPII(in)
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:email]", "email must be redacted in combined input")
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:phone]", "phone must be redacted in combined input")
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:ssn]", "SSN must be redacted in combined input")
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:bearer]", "bearer must be redacted in combined input")
+	assert.NotContains(t, out, "user@example.com", "raw email must not survive combined input")
+	assert.NotContains(t, out, "+14155551234", "raw phone must not survive combined input")
+	assert.NotContains(t, out, "123-45-6789", "raw SSN must not survive combined input")
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIICreditCard(t *testing.T) {
+	// 4242424242424242 is a well-known Stripe test number (Visa, Luhn-valid).
+	cases := []string{
+		"please charge 4242424242424242 now",
+		"card: 4242-4242-4242-4242",
+		"4242 4242 4242 4242 expires 12/30",
+	}
+	for _, in := range cases {
+		out := redactPII(in)
+		assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:cc]", "Luhn-valid credit card must be redacted in %q", in)
+		assert.NotContains(t, out, "4242424242424242", "raw card digits must not survive in %q", in)
+		assert.NotContains(t, out, "4242-4242-4242-4242", "raw dashed card must not survive in %q", in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIIPv4(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []string{
+		"connect to 10.0.42.7 over the tunnel",
+		"server 192.168.1.100 down",
+		"public address 203.0.113.42 was hit",
+	}
+	for _, in := range cases {
+		out := redactPII(in)
+		assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:ip]", "IPv4 must be redacted in %q", in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIJWT(t *testing.T) {
+	// No "token "/"bearer " prefix here, so the bearer-with-keyword pass leaves
+	// it alone and the JWT pattern from middleware.Scan must catch it.
+	in := "session eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1c2VyXzQyIn0.signaturepart expires soon"
+	out := redactPII(in)
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:jwt]", "JWT must be redacted when no bearer keyword precedes it")
+	assert.NotContains(t, out, "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9", "raw JWT header must not survive")
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIAWSAccessKey(t *testing.T) {
+	in := "the key AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE belongs to test user"
+	out := redactPII(in)
+	assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:aws_key]", "AWS access key must be redacted")
+	assert.NotContains(t, out, "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE", "raw AWS key must not survive")
+}
+
+func TestRedactPIIPlainNumbersUntouched(t *testing.T) {
+	// 1234567890123 is 13 digits but fails Luhn; must NOT trip the CC redactor.
+	// We use a 13-digit value (the CC-candidate range starts at 13) so the only
+	// risk is the CC pattern firing. Phone redaction is 10-digit by design and
+	// would catch 1234567890123 as a phone — that's expected and not what this
+	// test guards against.
+	in := "order number 1234567890123 is queued"
+	out := redactPII(in)
+	assert.NotContains(t, out, "[REDACTED:cc]", "non-Luhn digit sequences must not be redacted as credit cards")
+}
+
+// piiFixture mirrors the user-supplied test fixture: each record carries one
+// email, one SSN, and one phone in a representative format. The test asserts
+// that EVERY raw token disappears after redaction and the right [REDACTED:*]
+// markers show up. Names are kept in the input and must survive — names are
+// not a pattern the redactor tries to catch.
+type piiFixture struct {
+	name  string // person name (must survive redaction)
+	email string
+	ssn   string
+	phone string
+}
+
+var fixtureRecords = []piiFixture{
+	{"Alice Johnson", "alice.johnson@example.com", "123-45-6789", "(202) 555-0147"},
+	{"Brian Smith", "brian.smith@example.org", "987-65-4321", "202-555-0163"},
+	{"Carla Nguyen", "c.nguyen@test.local", "111-22-3333", "+1-202-555-0188"},
+	{"David Martinez", "david.martinez@example.com", "222-33-4444", "202.555.0199"},
+	{"Evelyn Parker", "evelyn.parker@example.org", "333-44-5555", "1-202-555-0112"},
+	{"Frank O'Connor", "frank.oconnor@test.local", "444-55-6666", "2025550134"},
+	{"Grace Lee", "grace.lee@example.com", "555-66-7777", "(202)555-0156"},
+	{"Hassan Ali", "hassan.ali@example.org", "666-77-8888", "+1 (202) 555-0175"},
+	{"Isabella Rossi", "i.rossi@test.local", "777-88-9999", "202 555 0121"},
+	{"Jamal Thompson", "jamal.thompson@example.com", "888-99-0001", "202/555/0108"},
+}
+
+// TestRedactPII_FixtureRecord drives every record through redactPII and
+// asserts the email, SSN, and phone are all redacted, the name survives, and
+// the appropriate REDACTED markers are present. This is the spec the redactor
+// must meet for the kind of prompts operators throw at it.
+func TestRedactPII_FixtureRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, rec := range fixtureRecords {
+		t.Run(rec.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			in := "Name: " + rec.name + "\n   Email: " + rec.email + "\n   SSN: " + rec.ssn + "\n   Phone: " + rec.phone
+			out := redactPII(in)
+
+			assert.Contains(t, out, rec.name, "name must survive (not a PII pattern the redactor catches)")
+			assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:email]", "email marker must appear for %q", rec.email)
+			assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:ssn]", "ssn marker must appear for %q", rec.ssn)
+			assert.Contains(t, out, "[REDACTED:phone]", "phone marker must appear for %q", rec.phone)
+
+			assert.NotContains(t, out, rec.email, "raw email must not survive: %q", rec.email)
+			assert.NotContains(t, out, rec.ssn, "raw SSN must not survive: %q", rec.ssn)
+			// Phone: assert the local digits (last 7) are gone. Country-code
+			// remnants like "+1 " or "1-" may remain in front of the redaction
+			// because the E.164 pattern needs digits-only after '+' — that's
+			// acceptable, the personally-identifying portion is removed.
+			localDigits := lastSevenDigits(rec.phone)
+			assert.NotContains(t, out, localDigits, "raw phone local digits %q must not survive in redacted output of %q", localDigits, rec.phone)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// lastSevenDigits returns the last 7 digits of a phone number, ignoring
+// formatting. It's the unique "subscriber" portion that absolutely must be
+// scrubbed regardless of which prefix the redactor leaves behind.
+func lastSevenDigits(phone string) string {
+	digits := make([]byte, 0, len(phone))
+	for i := 0; i < len(phone); i++ {
+		if phone[i] >= '0' && phone[i] <= '9' {
+			digits = append(digits, phone[i])
+		}
+	}
+	if len(digits) <= 7 {
+		return string(digits)
+	}
+	return string(digits[len(digits)-7:])
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/factory.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/factory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8a5314337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/factory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package llm_identity_inject
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+)
+
+// ProviderInjection describes one resolved provider's injection rule.
+// Identity stamping uses one of HeaderPair / JSONMetadata; ExtraHeaders
+// is independent — each entry is a static (operator-configured) header
+// stamped on every matching request with anti-spoof. A rule with no
+// shape AND no extras is dropped at New() time as a no-op.
+type ProviderInjection struct {
+	// ProviderID is the resolved provider id — matches the value
+	// llm_router stamps under KeyLLMResolvedProviderID.
+	ProviderID string `json:"provider_id"`
+	// HeaderPair is the LiteLLM-style wire convention: separate
+	// headers for end-user id and tags CSV.
+	HeaderPair *HeaderPairRule `json:"header_pair,omitempty"`
+	// JSONMetadata is the Portkey-style wire convention: a single
+	// header carrying a JSON object keyed by reserved field names.
+	JSONMetadata *JSONMetadataRule `json:"json_metadata,omitempty"`
+	// ExtraHeaders is an operator-configured list of static headers
+	// (e.g. "x-portkey-config: pc-...") that the middleware stamps
+	// on every matching request. The synth pre-resolves the values
+	// from the provider record's ExtraValues map; the middleware
+	// just emits them. Each name is also added to HeadersRemove for
+	// anti-spoof so a client can't smuggle their own value.
+	ExtraHeaders []ExtraHeaderKV `json:"extra_headers,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ExtraHeaderKV is one static header entry the middleware stamps as-is.
+type ExtraHeaderKV struct {
+	Name  string `json:"name"`
+	Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+// HeaderPairRule emits identity through dedicated per-dimension
+// headers. The two *InBody flags layer body-level identity on top: when
+// TagsInBody is set the middleware also writes the tag list into the
+// request body's metadata.tags array (required for LiteLLM tag-budget
+// enforcement, which only inspects the body); when EndUserIDInBody is
+// set the display identity is also written into the body's top-level
+// "user" field (the OpenAI-standard end-user identifier — defense-in-
+// depth and anti-spoof on top of the header path).
+type HeaderPairRule struct {
+	EndUserIDHeader string `json:"end_user_id_header,omitempty"`
+	TagsHeader      string `json:"tags_header,omitempty"`
+	TagsInBody      bool   `json:"tags_in_body,omitempty"`
+	EndUserIDInBody bool   `json:"end_user_id_in_body,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// JSONMetadataRule emits identity through a single JSON-object header.
+// Empty UserKey/GroupsKey skip that dimension at emit time. When
+// MaxValueLength > 0 each emitted JSON value is truncated to that many
+// bytes — Portkey enforces 128 chars per value.
+type JSONMetadataRule struct {
+	Header         string `json:"header"`
+	UserKey        string `json:"user_key,omitempty"`
+	GroupsKey      string `json:"groups_key,omitempty"`
+	MaxValueLength int    `json:"max_value_length,omitempty"`
+	// Sanitize replaces characters outside the destination provider's accepted
+	// set with '_' before emitting each value. AWS Bedrock's
+	// X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata restricts values to [A-Za-z0-9 +-=._:/@];
+	// group display names with other characters would otherwise 400.
+	Sanitize bool `json:"sanitize,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Config is the on-wire configuration accepted by the factory. An
+// empty Providers slice yields a no-op middleware (every resolved
+// provider passes through unchanged).
+type Config struct {
+	Providers []ProviderInjection `json:"providers"`
+}
+
+// Factory builds llm_identity_inject instances from raw config bytes.
+type Factory struct{}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (Factory) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// New constructs a middleware instance. Empty, null, and {} configs
+// yield a no-op middleware. Non-empty payloads must parse cleanly so
+// misconfigurations surface at chain build time.
+func (Factory) New(rawConfig []byte) (middleware.Middleware, error) {
+	cfg := Config{}
+	if !isEmptyJSON(rawConfig) {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(rawConfig, &cfg); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode config: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return New(cfg), nil
+}
+
+// isEmptyJSON reports whether the payload is whitespace, null, or an
+// empty object/array.
+func isEmptyJSON(raw []byte) bool {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(string(bytes.TrimSpace(raw)))
+	switch trimmed {
+	case "", "null", "{}", "[]":
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func init() {
+	builtin.Register(Factory{})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/middleware.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60b99e194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+// Package llm_identity_inject implements the SlotOnRequest middleware
+// that stamps the caller's NetBird identity onto upstream LLM-gateway
+// requests. It runs after llm_router (which resolves the provider) and
+// looks up the resolved provider id against a per-account injection
+// table built by the synthesiser from the catalog's IdentityInjection
+// metadata.
+//
+// Two wire shapes are supported, dispatched per-rule:
+//
+//   - HeaderPair (LiteLLM-style): separate end-user-id and tags
+//     headers; tags emitted as a CSV value.
+//   - JSONMetadata (Portkey-style): one header carrying a JSON
+//     object with reserved keys for user / groups; per-value byte
+//     length capped when the rule sets MaxValueLength.
+//
+// In both cases, identity comes from Input.UserEmail (peer-attached
+// user's email or peer.Name fallback) and groups come from the
+// authorising-groups intersection llm_router emitted (with
+// id→display-name translation via Input.UserGroups / UserGroupNames
+// positional pairing). HeadersRemove runs before HeadersAdd in the
+// framework, so a client can never spoof identity by stamping these
+// headers themselves.
+package llm_identity_inject
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// ID is the registry identifier for this middleware.
+const ID = "llm_identity_inject"
+
+// Version is reported via Middleware.Version().
+const Version = "1.0.0"
+
+// Middleware stamps NetBird identity onto upstream requests for the
+// configured set of resolved providers.
+type Middleware struct {
+	cfg  Config
+	byID map[string]ProviderInjection
+}
+
+// New constructs a Middleware from the supplied configuration. A nil
+// or empty Providers slice yields a no-op middleware.
+func New(cfg Config) *Middleware {
+	byID := make(map[string]ProviderInjection, len(cfg.Providers))
+	for _, p := range cfg.Providers {
+		if p.ProviderID == "" || !injectionEmitsAnything(p) {
+			continue
+		}
+		byID[p.ProviderID] = p
+	}
+	return &Middleware{cfg: cfg, byID: byID}
+}
+
+// injectionEmitsAnything reports whether a provider injection rule would
+// stamp anything at runtime. Rules that set both identity shapes are a
+// configuration error (we refuse to guess which wins), and rules that
+// resolve to no headers are dropped to keep the runtime check tight.
+// Non-empty extras alone keep a rule alive even when neither identity
+// shape is set.
+func injectionEmitsAnything(p ProviderInjection) bool {
+	hasExtras := false
+	for _, e := range p.ExtraHeaders {
+		if e.Name != "" && e.Value != "" {
+			hasExtras = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	switch {
+	case p.HeaderPair != nil && p.JSONMetadata != nil:
+		return false
+	case p.HeaderPair != nil:
+		return p.HeaderPair.EndUserIDHeader != "" || p.HeaderPair.TagsHeader != "" ||
+			p.HeaderPair.TagsInBody || p.HeaderPair.EndUserIDInBody || hasExtras
+	case p.JSONMetadata != nil:
+		if p.JSONMetadata.Header == "" {
+			return false
+		}
+		return p.JSONMetadata.UserKey != "" || p.JSONMetadata.GroupsKey != "" || hasExtras
+	default:
+		return hasExtras
+	}
+}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (m *Middleware) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// Version returns the implementation version.
+func (m *Middleware) Version() string { return Version }
+
+// Slot reports the chain slot the middleware lives in.
+func (m *Middleware) Slot() middleware.Slot { return middleware.SlotOnRequest }
+
+// AcceptedContentTypes returns nil — this middleware reads only
+// metadata and identity fields on the Input envelope.
+func (m *Middleware) AcceptedContentTypes() []string { return nil }
+
+// MetadataKeys is empty: the middleware emits no metadata. Identity
+// stamping is a header-only operation.
+func (m *Middleware) MetadataKeys() []string { return nil }
+
+// MutationsSupported reports that the middleware emits header
+// mutations on the Output envelope.
+func (m *Middleware) MutationsSupported() bool { return true }
+
+// Close releases resources owned by the middleware. Stateless, so
+// this is a no-op.
+func (m *Middleware) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// Invoke stamps identity headers when the resolved provider has an
+// injection rule. Always Allow.
+func (m *Middleware) Invoke(_ context.Context, in *middleware.Input) (*middleware.Output, error) {
+	out := &middleware.Output{Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow}
+	if len(m.byID) == 0 || in == nil {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	resolved, ok := lookupMetadata(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	if !ok || resolved == "" {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	rule, ok := m.byID[resolved]
+	if !ok {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	var mutations *middleware.Mutations
+	switch {
+	case rule.HeaderPair != nil:
+		mutations = applyHeaderPair(rule.HeaderPair, in)
+	case rule.JSONMetadata != nil:
+		mutations = applyJSONMetadata(rule.JSONMetadata, in)
+	}
+
+	// ExtraHeaders are independent of the identity shape. Stamp each
+	// non-empty entry with anti-spoof: Remove first (frame strips it
+	// before our Add lands) so a client can't smuggle a value, then
+	// Add our trusted one.
+	if len(rule.ExtraHeaders) > 0 {
+		if mutations == nil {
+			mutations = &middleware.Mutations{}
+		}
+		for _, h := range rule.ExtraHeaders {
+			if h.Name == "" || h.Value == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			mutations.HeadersRemove = append(mutations.HeadersRemove, h.Name)
+			mutations.HeadersAdd = append(mutations.HeadersAdd, middleware.KV{
+				Key:   h.Name,
+				Value: h.Value,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	if mutations == nil || (len(mutations.HeadersAdd) == 0 && len(mutations.HeadersRemove) == 0 && len(mutations.BodyReplace) == 0) {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	out.Mutations = mutations
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// applyHeaderPair builds the LiteLLM-style mutations: separate per-
+// dimension headers, with anti-spoof Removes paired with trusted Adds.
+func applyHeaderPair(rule *HeaderPairRule, in *middleware.Input) *middleware.Mutations {
+	mutations := &middleware.Mutations{}
+
+	if rule.EndUserIDHeader != "" {
+		mutations.HeadersRemove = append(mutations.HeadersRemove, rule.EndUserIDHeader)
+		// Prefer the email when the auth path carried it: gateways
+		// like LiteLLM key per-user budgets and dashboards on a
+		// human-readable identifier; the user_id is an opaque
+		// management-server primary key. Fall back to user_id when
+		// no email is available (non-OIDC schemes, legacy JWTs).
+		if identity := identityFor(in); identity != "" {
+			mutations.HeadersAdd = append(mutations.HeadersAdd, middleware.KV{
+				Key:   rule.EndUserIDHeader,
+				Value: identity,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	if rule.TagsHeader != "" {
+		mutations.HeadersRemove = append(mutations.HeadersRemove, rule.TagsHeader)
+		if csv := authorisingTagsCSV(in); csv != "" {
+			mutations.HeadersAdd = append(mutations.HeadersAdd, middleware.KV{
+				Key:   rule.TagsHeader,
+				Value: csv,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	if rule.TagsInBody || rule.EndUserIDInBody {
+		// Body-level identity unlocks gateway behaviour the header
+		// path can't reach (LiteLLM's _tag_max_budget_check only
+		// inspects the body; OpenAI direct only reads the body's
+		// "user" field for attribution). The header path stays
+		// intact, so we still get attribution + per-end-user budget
+		// gating when body inject can't run (truncated body,
+		// non-JSON, hostile metadata shape).
+		var bodyTags []string
+		if rule.TagsInBody {
+			bodyTags = authorisingTagsSlice(in)
+		}
+		var bodyUser string
+		if rule.EndUserIDInBody {
+			bodyUser = identityFor(in)
+		}
+		if newBody, ok := injectIntoBody(in, bodyTags, bodyUser); ok {
+			mutations.BodyReplace = newBody
+		}
+	}
+
+	return mutations
+}
+
+// bodyInjectableSurfaces are the request-body dialects that accept the
+// OpenAI-standard identity fields this middleware writes. A surface
+// outside this set gets header-only stamping: "user" and "metadata.tags"
+// are not part of the Anthropic Messages schema, which rejects unknown
+// top-level fields and permits only "user_id" under metadata, so writing
+// them into an Anthropic-shaped body turns a working request into a 400.
+// Claude Code speaks that shape through gateway records pinned to the
+// OpenAI parser, so the check keys on the detected surface rather than
+// on the provider record.
+var bodyInjectableSurfaces = map[string]struct{}{
+	"openai": {},
+	// An empty surface means no parser claimed the path (a custom gateway
+	// base). Those upstreams are OpenAI-compatible by convention, so keep
+	// the long-standing behaviour rather than silently dropping identity.
+	"": {},
+}
+
+// bodyAcceptsOpenAIIdentity reports whether the request body may carry the
+// OpenAI-standard identity fields, read from the surface llm_request_parser
+// resolved from the request path.
+func bodyAcceptsOpenAIIdentity(in *middleware.Input) bool {
+	surface, _ := lookupMetadata(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	_, ok := bodyInjectableSurfaces[surface]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// injectIntoBody parses the request body and writes the supplied
+// identity dimensions into it. Tags land at metadata.tags (creating
+// the metadata object when absent); the user identity lands at the
+// top-level "user" field (OpenAI-standard end-user identifier).
+// Returns the re-marshaled body and ok=true when at least one field
+// was written. Returns ok=false (no mutation) when:
+//
+//   - both inputs are empty (nothing to write);
+//   - the body speaks a dialect without these fields (see
+//     bodyInjectableSurfaces);
+//   - the body is empty or truncated (we don't have the full document
+//     to safely round-trip);
+//   - the body isn't a JSON object (skip silently — this middleware
+//     only knows how to inject into OpenAI-compatible JSON payloads).
+//
+// A non-object existing `metadata` field skips the tag write but
+// still allows the user write to land — we don't clobber the client's
+// non-object metadata, but the orthogonal user field is fair game.
+// The header path emission still runs in skip cases, so spend tracking
+// + header-resolved end-user budgets continue to work without body-
+// level enforcement.
+func injectIntoBody(in *middleware.Input, tags []string, userID string) ([]byte, bool) {
+	wantTags := len(tags) > 0
+	wantUser := userID != ""
+	if !wantTags && !wantUser {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if in == nil || len(in.Body) == 0 || in.BodyTruncated {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if !bodyAcceptsOpenAIIdentity(in) {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	var doc map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(in.Body, &doc); err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	injected := false
+	if wantTags {
+		var meta map[string]any
+		if existing, ok := doc["metadata"]; ok {
+			if typed, isObject := existing.(map[string]any); isObject {
+				meta = typed
+			}
+			// non-object metadata: leave it; tags go unwritten so we
+			// don't clobber the client's value. Header fallback covers
+			// spend tracking.
+		} else {
+			meta = map[string]any{}
+		}
+		if meta != nil {
+			meta["tags"] = tags
+			doc["metadata"] = meta
+			injected = true
+		}
+	}
+	if wantUser {
+		// Anti-spoof: overwrite any client-supplied "user" so the
+		// gateway only sees our trusted identity.
+		doc["user"] = userID
+		injected = true
+	}
+	if !injected {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	out, err := json.Marshal(doc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return out, true
+}
+
+// applyJSONMetadata builds the Portkey-style mutations: a single header
+// carrying a JSON object keyed by the rule's reserved field names. Per-
+// value byte length is capped at MaxValueLength when set (Portkey
+// enforces 128 chars).
+func applyJSONMetadata(rule *JSONMetadataRule, in *middleware.Input) *middleware.Mutations {
+	mutations := &middleware.Mutations{}
+	mutations.HeadersRemove = append(mutations.HeadersRemove, rule.Header)
+
+	emit := func(v string) string {
+		if rule.Sanitize {
+			v = sanitizeMetadataValue(v)
+		}
+		return truncate(v, rule.MaxValueLength)
+	}
+	payload := map[string]string{}
+	if rule.UserKey != "" {
+		if identity := identityFor(in); identity != "" {
+			payload[rule.UserKey] = emit(identity)
+		}
+	}
+	if rule.GroupsKey != "" {
+		if csv := authorisingTagsCSV(in); csv != "" {
+			payload[rule.GroupsKey] = emit(csv)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(payload) == 0 {
+		return mutations
+	}
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return mutations
+	}
+	mutations.HeadersAdd = append(mutations.HeadersAdd, middleware.KV{
+		Key:   rule.Header,
+		Value: string(raw),
+	})
+	return mutations
+}
+
+// identityFor returns the caller's display identity. UserEmail wins
+// (carries the user email when peer-attached, peer.Name otherwise);
+// UserID falls in only as a defensive last resort.
+func identityFor(in *middleware.Input) string {
+	if in.UserEmail != "" {
+		return in.UserEmail
+	}
+	return in.UserID
+}
+
+// authorisingTagsSlice returns the sorted, deduplicated slice of group
+// display names the request was authorised under. Prefers the per-
+// request authorising groups emitted by llm_router (intersection of the
+// caller's UserGroups with the resolved route's AllowedGroupIDs) so the
+// tags carry only the groups that actually authorise THIS request, not
+// every group the peer happens to be in. Falls back to the full
+// UserGroups when the router metadata key is absent.
+func authorisingTagsSlice(in *middleware.Input) []string {
+	ids := tagsIDsFromAuthorising(in.Metadata)
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		ids = in.UserGroups
+	}
+	return tagsNamedSlice(ids, in.UserGroups, in.UserGroupNames)
+}
+
+// authorisingTagsCSV is a convenience wrapper that joins
+// authorisingTagsSlice with commas for HeaderPair-style emission.
+func authorisingTagsCSV(in *middleware.Input) string {
+	return strings.Join(authorisingTagsSlice(in), ",")
+}
+
+// truncate caps s to maxBytes bytes when maxBytes > 0. No-op when
+// maxBytes <= 0 or s already fits. Truncation is byte-wise — sufficient
+// for Portkey's 128-char ASCII limit. UTF-8 sequences could in theory
+// be split, but the gateway treats the value as opaque bytes.
+func truncate(s string, maxBytes int) string {
+	if maxBytes <= 0 || len(s) <= maxBytes {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s[:maxBytes]
+}
+
+// sanitizeMetadataValue replaces any character outside AWS Bedrock's accepted
+// request-metadata class — letters, digits, space, and + - = . _ : / @ — with
+// '_'. This keeps values (notably the groups CSV, whose commas are rejected, and
+// group display names with arbitrary characters) from making Bedrock reject the
+// request with 400. The result stays opaque to the gateway.
+func sanitizeMetadataValue(s string) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(len(s))
+	for _, r := range s {
+		if metadataCharAllowed(r) {
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+		} else {
+			b.WriteByte('_')
+		}
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+func metadataCharAllowed(r rune) bool {
+	switch {
+	case r >= 'a' && r <= 'z', r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z', r >= '0' && r <= '9':
+		return true
+	}
+	switch r {
+	case ' ', '+', '-', '=', '.', '_', ':', '/', '@':
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// tagsIDsFromAuthorising reads llm_router's authorising-groups metadata
+// (a CSV of group ids) and returns the parsed slice. Returns nil when
+// the key is absent or empty so the caller can fall back to the full
+// UserGroups.
+func tagsIDsFromAuthorising(meta []middleware.KV) []string {
+	v, ok := lookupMetadata(meta, middleware.KeyLLMAuthorisingGroups)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+	if v == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	parts := strings.Split(v, ",")
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, p := range parts {
+		p = strings.TrimSpace(p)
+		if p != "" {
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// tagsNamedSlice returns the sorted, deduplicated list of group display
+// names. ids carries the canonical group identifiers to emit;
+// userGroups + userGroupNames provide the positional id→name
+// translation table from the Input envelope. When a name is missing
+// for a given id (slice shorter than userGroups, or id absent from the
+// table), the id is used verbatim so the tag still attributes
+// correctly. Sorted so the same caller produces the same header value
+// across requests (helps gateway-side cache hits and log correlation).
+func tagsNamedSlice(ids, userGroups, userGroupNames []string) []string {
+	if len(ids) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	idToName := make(map[string]string, len(userGroups))
+	for i, id := range userGroups {
+		if i < len(userGroupNames) {
+			idToName[id] = userGroupNames[i]
+		}
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(ids))
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(ids))
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		id = strings.TrimSpace(id)
+		if id == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		tag := idToName[id]
+		if tag == "" {
+			tag = id
+		}
+		if _, dup := seen[tag]; dup {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[tag] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, tag)
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	sort.Strings(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// lookupMetadata returns the value for key plus a presence flag.
+func lookupMetadata(meta []middleware.KV, key string) (string, bool) {
+	for _, kv := range meta {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/middleware_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f602f5c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject/middleware_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,760 @@
+package llm_identity_inject
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+const (
+	litellmProvider = "ainp_litellm-test"
+	portkeyProvider = "ainp_portkey-test"
+)
+
+func newInput(resolvedProvider, userID string, groups []string) *middleware.Input {
+	return &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:       middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		AccountID:  "acct-test",
+		UserID:     userID,
+		UserGroups: groups,
+		SourceIP:   "100.64.0.5",
+		RequestID:  "req-1",
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: resolvedProvider},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func liteLLMRule() ProviderInjection {
+	return ProviderInjection{
+		ProviderID: litellmProvider,
+		HeaderPair: &HeaderPairRule{
+			EndUserIDHeader: "x-litellm-end-user-id",
+			TagsHeader:      "x-litellm-tags",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMiddlewareIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{})
+	assert.Equal(t, ID, mw.ID())
+	assert.Equal(t, Version, mw.Version())
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnRequest, mw.Slot())
+	assert.True(t, mw.MutationsSupported())
+	assert.Empty(t, mw.MetadataKeys(), "middleware emits no metadata")
+	assert.Nil(t, mw.AcceptedContentTypes())
+	require.NoError(t, mw.Close())
+}
+
+func TestInject_MatchedProvider_StampsHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRule()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng", "grp-it"})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+
+	// Strips the same headers we're about to add (anti-spoof).
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t,
+		[]string{"x-litellm-end-user-id", "x-litellm-tags"},
+		out.Mutations.HeadersRemove,
+		"every injected header must also appear in HeadersRemove so client-supplied values are wiped before our trusted values land")
+
+	added := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		added[kv.Key] = kv.Value
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice", added["x-litellm-end-user-id"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-eng,grp-it", added["x-litellm-tags"], "tags CSV must be sorted")
+}
+
+func TestInject_UnmatchedProvider_NoMutations(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRule()}})
+	in := newInput("ainp_some-other-provider", "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+	assert.Nil(t, out.Mutations, "non-LiteLLM resolved provider must produce no mutations")
+}
+
+func TestInject_NoResolvedProvider_NoMutations(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRule()}})
+	in := &middleware.Input{Slot: middleware.SlotOnRequest, UserID: "alice"}
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Nil(t, out.Mutations,
+		"missing llm.resolved_provider_id metadata means the router didn't run; never stamp identity blindly")
+}
+
+func TestInject_PartialRule_StampsOnlyConfiguredHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{{
+		ProviderID: litellmProvider,
+		HeaderPair: &HeaderPairRule{
+			EndUserIDHeader: "x-litellm-end-user-id",
+			// TagsHeader intentionally empty.
+		},
+	}}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"x-litellm-end-user-id"}, out.Mutations.HeadersRemove,
+		"only configured header should be stripped")
+	require.Len(t, out.Mutations.HeadersAdd, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-litellm-end-user-id", out.Mutations.HeadersAdd[0].Key)
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice", out.Mutations.HeadersAdd[0].Value)
+}
+
+func TestInject_EmptyIdentity_StripsButDoesNotAdd(t *testing.T) {
+	// Caller has no UserID and no groups. We still strip the headers
+	// (so the client can't inject identity) but we don't add empty
+	// values that would mislead the gateway.
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRule()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "", nil)
+	in.AccountID = ""
+	in.SourceIP = ""
+	in.RequestID = ""
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t,
+		[]string{"x-litellm-end-user-id", "x-litellm-tags"},
+		out.Mutations.HeadersRemove,
+		"identity headers must be stripped even when we don't have values to add — anti-spoof")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.HeadersAdd,
+		"no NetBird identity available; do not stamp empty / misleading values")
+}
+
+func TestInject_TagsCSV_DedupesAndSorts(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRule()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-zzz", "grp-aaa", "grp-zzz", "", " "})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		if kv.Key == "x-litellm-tags" {
+			assert.Equal(t, "grp-aaa,grp-zzz", kv.Value,
+				"tags CSV must dedupe, drop empty, and sort")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("expected x-litellm-tags in HeadersAdd; got %v", out.Mutations.HeadersAdd)
+}
+
+func TestFactory_RejectsBadJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := Factory{}.New([]byte("{not json"))
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestFactory_AcceptsEmptyShapes(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, raw := range [][]byte{nil, []byte(""), []byte(" "), []byte("null"), []byte("{}"), []byte("[]")} {
+		mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, mw)
+
+		out, ierr := mw.Invoke(context.Background(),
+			newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"}))
+		require.NoError(t, ierr)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+		assert.Nil(t, out.Mutations,
+			"empty config means no providers to inject for; every resolved provider passes through")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFactory_DropsInjectionRuleWithEmptyHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{"providers":[{"provider_id":"x"}]}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	out, ierr := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInput("x", "alice", []string{"grp-eng"}))
+	require.NoError(t, ierr)
+	assert.Nil(t, out.Mutations,
+		"a rule with no header names is functionally a no-op and must be dropped at New() time")
+}
+
+// TestInject_TagsFromAuthorisingMetadata pins that when llm_router has
+// emitted llm.authorising_groups, the inject middleware uses THAT
+// (the per-request authorising intersection) for the tags header — not
+// the full UserGroups, which can include groups unrelated to this
+// request's routing.
+func TestInject_TagsFromAuthorisingMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRule()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng", "grp-it", "grp-oncall"})
+	in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, middleware.KV{
+		Key:   middleware.KeyLLMAuthorisingGroups,
+		Value: "grp-eng",
+	})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		if kv.Key == "x-litellm-tags" {
+			assert.Equal(t, "grp-eng", kv.Value,
+				"tags must come from llm.authorising_groups, not the full UserGroups; unrelated peer groups must not leak")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("expected x-litellm-tags in HeadersAdd; got %v", out.Mutations.HeadersAdd)
+}
+
+// TestInject_TagsFallsBackToUserGroups pins the defensive fallback: if
+// llm_router didn't emit authorising-groups metadata (chain
+// misconfiguration) the middleware uses UserGroups so identity is
+// still stamped, just over-broad.
+func TestInject_TagsFallsBackToUserGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRule()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng", "grp-it"})
+	// No llm.authorising_groups metadata.
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		if kv.Key == "x-litellm-tags" {
+			assert.Equal(t, "grp-eng,grp-it", kv.Value,
+				"absent metadata must fall back to the full UserGroups CSV")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("expected x-litellm-tags in HeadersAdd; got %v", out.Mutations.HeadersAdd)
+}
+
+// portkeyRule is the JSONMetadata-shape analogue of liteLLMRule: a
+// single x-portkey-metadata header carrying _user and groups, with
+// Portkey's 128-byte per-value cap.
+func portkeyRule() ProviderInjection {
+	return ProviderInjection{
+		ProviderID: portkeyProvider,
+		JSONMetadata: &JSONMetadataRule{
+			Header:         "x-portkey-metadata",
+			UserKey:        "_user",
+			GroupsKey:      "groups",
+			MaxValueLength: 128,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInject_JSONMetadata_StampsHeader pins the Portkey-style emission:
+// one header carrying a JSON envelope with reserved keys for user
+// identity and groups CSV.
+func TestInject_JSONMetadata_StampsHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{portkeyRule()}})
+	in := newInput(portkeyProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng", "grp-it"})
+	in.UserEmail = "alice@example.com"
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"x-portkey-metadata"}, out.Mutations.HeadersRemove,
+		"the JSON header must be stripped before we add our trusted value")
+	require.Len(t, out.Mutations.HeadersAdd, 1)
+	added := out.Mutations.HeadersAdd[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "x-portkey-metadata", added.Key)
+
+	var payload map[string]string
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(added.Value), &payload))
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@example.com", payload["_user"],
+		"_user reserved key carries the display identity (UserEmail)")
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-eng,grp-it", payload["groups"],
+		"groups key carries the sorted CSV of group display names")
+}
+
+// TestInject_JSONMetadata_TruncatesValues pins the per-value byte cap.
+// Portkey rejects metadata values longer than 128 chars; oversized
+// values are truncated rather than failing the request.
+func TestInject_JSONMetadata_TruncatesValues(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{portkeyRule()}})
+	in := newInput(portkeyProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.UserEmail = strings.Repeat("a", 200) + "@example.com"
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.Len(t, out.Mutations.HeadersAdd, 1)
+
+	var payload map[string]string
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(out.Mutations.HeadersAdd[0].Value), &payload))
+	assert.Len(t, payload["_user"], 128,
+		"per-value byte length must be capped at MaxValueLength")
+}
+
+// TestInject_JSONMetadata_Sanitize pins the AWS-Bedrock sanitization path: when
+// Sanitize is set, characters outside Bedrock's accepted metadata class
+// (notably the groups CSV comma and arbitrary characters in group display
+// names) are replaced with '_' so Bedrock doesn't reject the request. Allowed
+// characters (letters, digits, spaces, and @ . _ : / + - =) pass through.
+func TestInject_JSONMetadata_Sanitize(t *testing.T) {
+	rule := ProviderInjection{
+		ProviderID: portkeyProvider,
+		JSONMetadata: &JSONMetadataRule{
+			Header:         "X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata",
+			UserKey:        "user",
+			GroupsKey:      "group",
+			MaxValueLength: 256,
+			Sanitize:       true,
+		},
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{rule}})
+	in := newInput(portkeyProvider, "alice", []string{"g1", "g2"})
+	in.UserEmail = "alice@example.com"
+	// Group display names carry characters Bedrock rejects (comma, '#'); the CSV
+	// join adds another comma between the two groups.
+	in.UserGroupNames = []string{"Eng,Team", "Ops#1"}
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.Len(t, out.Mutations.HeadersAdd, 1)
+	added := out.Mutations.HeadersAdd[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, "X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata", added.Key,
+		"the Bedrock cost-allocation header carries the metadata JSON")
+
+	var payload map[string]string
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(added.Value), &payload))
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@example.com", payload["user"],
+		"'@' and '.' are in Bedrock's accepted set and must be preserved")
+	assert.NotContains(t, payload["group"], ",", "commas must be sanitized — Bedrock rejects them")
+	assert.NotContains(t, payload["group"], "#", "disallowed characters must be sanitized")
+	assert.Contains(t, payload["group"], "Eng", "allowed characters must be preserved")
+}
+
+// TestInject_JSONMetadata_EmptyIdentity_StripsButDoesNotAdd verifies the
+// anti-spoof Remove still fires when there's nothing to stamp.
+func TestInject_JSONMetadata_EmptyIdentity_StripsButDoesNotAdd(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{portkeyRule()}})
+	in := newInput(portkeyProvider, "", nil)
+	in.UserEmail = ""
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"x-portkey-metadata"}, out.Mutations.HeadersRemove,
+		"strip even with no payload — client can't smuggle identity headers")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.HeadersAdd,
+		"no NetBird identity available; do not stamp empty / misleading values")
+}
+
+// TestFactory_RejectsRuleWithBothShapes pins the configuration-error
+// guard: a rule that sets both HeaderPair and JSONMetadata is dropped
+// at New() time rather than guessing which wins.
+func TestFactory_RejectsRuleWithBothShapes(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{{
+		ProviderID: litellmProvider,
+		HeaderPair: &HeaderPairRule{
+			EndUserIDHeader: "x-litellm-end-user-id",
+		},
+		JSONMetadata: &JSONMetadataRule{
+			Header:  "x-portkey-metadata",
+			UserKey: "_user",
+		},
+	}}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, out.Mutations,
+		"a rule that sets both shapes is ambiguous and must be dropped at New() time")
+}
+
+// liteLLMRuleWithBody is the LiteLLM-style rule with body tag injection
+// enabled (matches the catalog default).
+func liteLLMRuleWithBody() ProviderInjection {
+	return ProviderInjection{
+		ProviderID: litellmProvider,
+		HeaderPair: &HeaderPairRule{
+			EndUserIDHeader: "x-litellm-end-user-id",
+			TagsHeader:      "x-litellm-tags",
+			TagsInBody:      true,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInject_BodyTags_AddsMetadataTags pins the body-inject path that
+// LiteLLM's _tag_max_budget_check requires. With TagsInBody set, the
+// middleware writes the authorising-groups slice into
+// request.metadata.tags (in addition to the header).
+func TestInject_BodyTags_AddsMetadataTags(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRuleWithBody()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng", "grp-sre"})
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace, "body must be rewritten when TagsInBody is set")
+
+	var doc map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out.Mutations.BodyReplace, &doc))
+	meta, ok := doc["metadata"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok, "metadata must be an object")
+	tags, ok := meta["tags"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok, "metadata.tags must be a JSON array")
+	got := make([]string, 0, len(tags))
+	for _, t := range tags {
+		s, _ := t.(string)
+		got = append(got, s)
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng", "grp-sre"}, got,
+		"metadata.tags must carry the sorted authorising-groups slice")
+	assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4o-mini", doc["model"],
+		"the rest of the body must be preserved verbatim")
+}
+
+// TestInject_BodyTags_PreservesExistingMetadata pins that an existing
+// metadata object on the request is merged with our tags rather than
+// clobbered — clients sometimes set metadata fields the proxy
+// shouldn't blow away (jobID, taskName, etc.).
+func TestInject_BodyTags_PreservesExistingMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRuleWithBody()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","metadata":{"jobID":"j-42","tags":["should-be-replaced"]}}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace)
+
+	var doc map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out.Mutations.BodyReplace, &doc))
+	meta := doc["metadata"].(map[string]any)
+	assert.Equal(t, "j-42", meta["jobID"],
+		"client-supplied metadata fields outside `tags` must survive")
+	tags := meta["tags"].([]any)
+	require.Len(t, tags, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-eng", tags[0],
+		"our tags overwrite any client-supplied metadata.tags so spoofing is impossible")
+}
+
+// TestInject_BodyTags_SkipsHostileMetadataShape pins the defensive
+// refusal: when the request body has a non-object metadata field
+// (string/number/array), we don't inject — header path still emits.
+func TestInject_BodyTags_SkipsHostileMetadataShape(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRuleWithBody()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","metadata":"not-an-object"}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace,
+		"non-object metadata must skip body inject (don't clobber)")
+
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		if kv.Key == "x-litellm-tags" {
+			assert.Equal(t, "grp-eng", kv.Value,
+				"header path must still emit so spend tracking keeps working")
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("expected x-litellm-tags header even when body inject was skipped")
+}
+
+// TestInject_BodyTags_SkipsTruncatedBody pins that we don't blindly
+// rewrite a body we don't have in full. The header path still runs.
+func TestInject_BodyTags_SkipsTruncatedBody(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRuleWithBody()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[]}`)
+	in.BodyTruncated = true
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace,
+		"truncated body must skip body inject — re-marshaling would corrupt the request")
+}
+
+// TestInject_BodyTags_SkipsNonJSONBody pins graceful behavior when the
+// body isn't JSON (e.g. a streaming binary or form upload sneaking
+// through the LLM chain). Header path still runs.
+func TestInject_BodyTags_SkipsNonJSONBody(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRuleWithBody()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.Body = []byte(`not even close to json`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace,
+		"non-JSON body must skip body inject silently")
+}
+
+// liteLLMRuleFull mirrors the catalog default: header path + body
+// metadata.tags (groups) + body user (end-user id).
+func liteLLMRuleFull() ProviderInjection {
+	return ProviderInjection{
+		ProviderID: litellmProvider,
+		HeaderPair: &HeaderPairRule{
+			EndUserIDHeader: "x-litellm-end-user-id",
+			TagsHeader:      "x-litellm-tags",
+			TagsInBody:      true,
+			EndUserIDInBody: true,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInject_BodyUser_WritesTopLevelUser pins the EndUserIDInBody path
+// alone: body's top-level "user" field carries the display identity.
+// Tags-in-body is OFF here so we isolate the user write.
+func TestInject_BodyUser_WritesTopLevelUser(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{{
+		ProviderID: litellmProvider,
+		HeaderPair: &HeaderPairRule{
+			EndUserIDHeader: "x-litellm-end-user-id",
+			EndUserIDInBody: true,
+		},
+	}}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", nil)
+	in.UserEmail = "alice@example.com"
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace)
+
+	var doc map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out.Mutations.BodyReplace, &doc))
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@example.com", doc["user"],
+		"body's top-level user field must carry the display identity")
+	_, hasMeta := doc["metadata"]
+	assert.False(t, hasMeta, "TagsInBody is off; metadata must not be added")
+}
+
+// TestInject_BodyUser_OverwritesClientSupplied pins anti-spoof: a
+// client-supplied "user" in the body is overwritten so the gateway
+// only sees our trusted identity.
+func TestInject_BodyUser_OverwritesClientSupplied(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRuleFull()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.UserEmail = "alice@example.com"
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","user":"ceo@company.com"}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace)
+
+	var doc map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out.Mutations.BodyReplace, &doc))
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@example.com", doc["user"],
+		"client-supplied user must be overwritten with the trusted identity")
+}
+
+// TestInject_BodyCombined_TagsAndUser pins that with both flags on,
+// the body carries both metadata.tags AND top-level user, and the
+// header path still emits.
+func TestInject_BodyCombined_TagsAndUser(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRuleFull()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng", "grp-sre"})
+	in.UserEmail = "alice@example.com"
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini"}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace)
+
+	var doc map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out.Mutations.BodyReplace, &doc))
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@example.com", doc["user"])
+	meta := doc["metadata"].(map[string]any)
+	tags := meta["tags"].([]any)
+	require.Len(t, tags, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-eng", tags[0])
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-sre", tags[1])
+
+	// Header path still emits — header end-user-id is the primary
+	// path for LiteLLM's resolver, body is defense-in-depth.
+	added := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		added[kv.Key] = kv.Value
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@example.com", added["x-litellm-end-user-id"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-eng,grp-sre", added["x-litellm-tags"])
+}
+
+// TestInject_BodyCombined_HostileMetadataKeepsUser pins the partial-
+// success path: a hostile (non-object) metadata field skips the tag
+// write but still allows the orthogonal user write to land.
+func TestInject_BodyCombined_HostileMetadataKeepsUser(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRuleFull()}})
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.UserEmail = "alice@example.com"
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","metadata":"not-an-object"}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace,
+		"user write must still go through even when metadata is hostile")
+
+	var doc map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out.Mutations.BodyReplace, &doc))
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@example.com", doc["user"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "not-an-object", doc["metadata"],
+		"hostile metadata must be left untouched, not clobbered")
+}
+
+// TestInject_ExtraHeaders_Stamped pins the extras path: with a
+// per-provider ExtraHeader configured (e.g. Portkey config id), the
+// middleware stamps it on every matching request and adds the same
+// name to HeadersRemove for anti-spoof.
+func TestInject_ExtraHeaders_Stamped(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{{
+		ProviderID: portkeyProvider,
+		JSONMetadata: &JSONMetadataRule{
+			Header:    "x-portkey-metadata",
+			UserKey:   "_user",
+			GroupsKey: "groups",
+		},
+		ExtraHeaders: []ExtraHeaderKV{
+			{Name: "x-portkey-config", Value: "pc-prod-3f2a"},
+		},
+	}}})
+	in := newInput(portkeyProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.UserEmail = "alice@example.com"
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, out.Mutations.HeadersRemove, "x-portkey-config",
+		"extras must be stripped before stamping for anti-spoof")
+	added := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		added[kv.Key] = kv.Value
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "pc-prod-3f2a", added["x-portkey-config"],
+		"extras must carry the operator-configured value verbatim")
+	// Identity-stamping shape (JSONMetadata header) still emitted.
+	assert.Contains(t, added, "x-portkey-metadata",
+		"extras and identity stamping are independent — both must land")
+}
+
+// TestInject_ExtraHeaders_OnlyRule pins that an extras-only rule
+// (no HeaderPair, no JSONMetadata) survives New() and stamps the
+// extras anyway. Useful for hypothetical gateways that need a static
+// routing header but no NetBird identity stamping.
+func TestInject_ExtraHeaders_OnlyRule(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{{
+		ProviderID: "ainp_extras-only",
+		ExtraHeaders: []ExtraHeaderKV{
+			{Name: "x-routing-key", Value: "rk-1"},
+		},
+	}}})
+	in := newInput("ainp_extras-only", "alice", nil)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations,
+		"extras alone keep the rule alive — middleware must emit them")
+	added := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		added[kv.Key] = kv.Value
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "rk-1", added["x-routing-key"])
+}
+
+// TestInject_ExtraHeaders_EmptyValueSkipped pins that empty values are
+// dropped silently (the synth would normally not send them, but the
+// middleware is defensive).
+func TestInject_ExtraHeaders_EmptyValueSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{{
+		ProviderID: portkeyProvider,
+		JSONMetadata: &JSONMetadataRule{
+			Header:  "x-portkey-metadata",
+			UserKey: "_user",
+		},
+		ExtraHeaders: []ExtraHeaderKV{
+			{Name: "x-portkey-config", Value: ""},
+		},
+	}}})
+	in := newInput(portkeyProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.UserEmail = "alice@example.com"
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	assert.NotContains(t, out.Mutations.HeadersRemove, "x-portkey-config",
+		"empty extra value must not even strip the header")
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, "x-portkey-config", kv.Key,
+			"empty extra value must not be stamped")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInject_AnthropicBodyIsNotRewritten pins the shape gate. Claude Code
+// reaches a LiteLLM record on /v1/messages, where "user" is not a
+// permitted top-level field and metadata accepts only "user_id", so
+// writing the OpenAI-standard fields would turn a working request into a
+// 400 naming a field the client never sent. Header stamping still runs, so
+// spend tracking and per-end-user budgets keep working.
+func TestInject_AnthropicBodyIsNotRewritten(t *testing.T) {
+	rule := liteLLMRuleWithBody()
+	rule.HeaderPair.EndUserIDInBody = true
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{rule}})
+
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.UserEmail = "alice@example.com"
+	in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"})
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-5","messages":[]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace,
+		"an Anthropic-shaped body must reach the upstream unmodified")
+
+	var endUser string
+	for _, kv := range out.Mutations.HeadersAdd {
+		if kv.Key == "x-litellm-end-user-id" {
+			endUser = kv.Value
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@example.com", endUser,
+		"header stamping must still carry identity when body inject is skipped")
+}
+
+// TestInject_OpenAIBodyStillRewritten guards the gate against
+// over-reaching: the OpenAI surface must keep its body-level identity,
+// which is the only path LiteLLM's tag-budget check reads.
+func TestInject_OpenAIBodyStillRewritten(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderInjection{liteLLMRuleWithBody()}})
+
+	in := newInput(litellmProvider, "alice", []string{"grp-eng"})
+	in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"})
+	in.Body = []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, out.Mutations.BodyReplace, "the OpenAI surface still gets body tags")
+
+	var doc map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out.Mutations.BodyReplace, &doc))
+	meta, ok := doc["metadata"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok, "metadata must be an object")
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, meta["tags"], "metadata.tags must still be written")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/factory.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/factory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1068a6867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/factory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Package llm_limit_check is the SlotOnRequest middleware that asks
+// management which agent-network policy "pays" for the current LLM
+// request. On allow, it stamps the selected policy id, attribution
+// group id, and effective window length onto the metadata bag so the
+// post-flight llm_limit_record middleware can tick the right counters.
+// On deny, it returns a 403 carrying the canonical llm_policy.* deny
+// code surfaced by management.
+package llm_limit_check
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+)
+
+// ID is the registry identifier for this middleware.
+const ID = "llm_limit_check"
+
+// Factory builds a configured llm_limit_check instance. The factory
+// has no per-target config — it pulls the management gRPC client from
+// the package-level FactoryContext at construction time. A nil
+// MgmtClient on the context is allowed; the middleware then becomes
+// a no-op pass-through (allow without attribution) so a partially
+// wired environment doesn't break the chain.
+type Factory struct{}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier matching the middleware ID.
+func (Factory) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// New ignores the rawConfig payload (no per-target config today) and
+// returns a Middleware bound to the FactoryContext's MgmtClient.
+func (Factory) New(_ []byte) (middleware.Middleware, error) {
+	ctx := builtin.Context()
+	return New(ctx.MgmtClient, ctx.Logger), nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	builtin.Register(Factory{})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/middleware.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e7edcf42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+package llm_limit_check
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// Version is reported via Middleware.Version().
+const Version = "1.0.0"
+
+// callTimeout caps the wall-clock budget for the pre-flight RPC. The
+// middleware sits on the request leg, so a slow management call
+// translates directly to user-visible latency. 2s is loose enough for
+// a healthy management cluster but tight enough that a stalled call
+// fails open via the same path nil-MgmtClient does — an enforcement
+// gate that adds 30s of latency is worse than a stale gate.
+const callTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+
+// Middleware is the per-target instance that runs the pre-flight check.
+type Middleware struct {
+	mgmt   builtin.MgmtClient
+	logger *log.Logger
+}
+
+// New constructs a Middleware. mgmt may be nil — that's the
+// no-management-wired case where the middleware is a pass-through
+// (allow without attribution); useful for unit tests and for
+// progressive rollout of the management RPC.
+func New(mgmt builtin.MgmtClient, logger *log.Logger) *Middleware {
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = log.StandardLogger()
+	}
+	return &Middleware{mgmt: mgmt, logger: logger}
+}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (m *Middleware) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// Version returns the implementation version.
+func (m *Middleware) Version() string { return Version }
+
+// Slot reports the chain slot the middleware lives in.
+func (m *Middleware) Slot() middleware.Slot { return middleware.SlotOnRequest }
+
+// AcceptedContentTypes returns nil because the gate consults metadata
+// emitted upstream (KeyLLMResolvedProviderID) and never inspects bodies.
+func (m *Middleware) AcceptedContentTypes() []string { return nil }
+
+// MetadataKeys is the closed allowlist of keys this middleware emits.
+func (m *Middleware) MetadataKeys() []string {
+	return []string{
+		middleware.KeyLLMSelectedPolicyID,
+		middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID,
+		middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS,
+		middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision,
+		middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason,
+	}
+}
+
+// MutationsSupported reports that the middleware never mutates the
+// request body or headers; the only outcome is allow + metadata or
+// deny.
+func (m *Middleware) MutationsSupported() bool { return false }
+
+// Close releases resources owned by the middleware. Stateless, so
+// this is a no-op.
+func (m *Middleware) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// Invoke runs the pre-flight policy check.
+func (m *Middleware) Invoke(ctx context.Context, in *middleware.Input) (*middleware.Output, error) {
+	if m.mgmt == nil {
+		// No management client wired — fall through to allow with
+		// no attribution. RecordLLMUsage on the response leg will
+		// also be a no-op so counters stay at zero. This matches
+		// the PR1 behaviour exactly so a partial wiring is
+		// indistinguishable from "no enforcement".
+		return allowNoAttribution(), nil
+	}
+
+	// Model-listing and other non-inference endpoints carry no model, and
+	// management's per-model allowlist fails closed on an empty one. The
+	// router has already authorised the route against the caller's groups
+	// and the request consumes no tokens, so gating it on a model that
+	// cannot exist would only break gateway model discovery.
+	if lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMNonInference) == "true" {
+		return allowNoAttribution(), nil
+	}
+
+	providerID := lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	if providerID == "" {
+		// llm_router didn't emit a resolved provider id — usually
+		// because the request didn't carry an llm.model. The
+		// router itself denied; we won't reach here in production,
+		// but defensively pass through so we never deny on top of
+		// an upstream allow.
+		return allowNoAttribution(), nil
+	}
+
+	rpcCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, callTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	resp, err := m.mgmt.CheckLLMPolicyLimits(rpcCtx, &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest{
+		AccountId:  in.AccountID,
+		UserId:     in.UserID,
+		GroupIds:   append([]string(nil), in.UserGroups...),
+		ProviderId: providerID,
+		Model:      lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		// Fail-open on transport / management errors. The
+		// alternative — denying every request when management is
+		// unreachable — is worse for v1 (operational outage =
+		// total LLM outage). Operators can audit via the
+		// access-log; PR3 can switch to fail-closed under a flag.
+		m.logger.WithError(err).
+			WithField("middleware", ID).
+			Debugf("management pre-flight failed; failing open")
+		return allowNoAttribution(), nil
+	}
+
+	if resp.GetDecision() == "deny" {
+		return denyFromManagement(resp, lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)), nil
+	}
+	return allowFromManagement(resp), nil
+}
+
+// allowNoAttribution returns the no-op allow envelope used when no
+// management client is wired or no provider was resolved. Stamps
+// decision=allow but no policy / attribution metadata so
+// llm_limit_record skips its post-flight write.
+func allowNoAttribution() *middleware.Output {
+	return &middleware.Output{
+		Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "allow"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// allowFromManagement converts a successful CheckLLMPolicyLimits
+// response into the chain's allow envelope, stamping the attribution
+// metadata the response leg consumes.
+func allowFromManagement(resp *proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) *middleware.Output {
+	out := &middleware.Output{
+		Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "allow"},
+		},
+	}
+	if id := resp.GetSelectedPolicyId(); id != "" {
+		out.Metadata = append(out.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMSelectedPolicyID, Value: id})
+	}
+	if g := resp.GetAttributionGroupId(); g != "" {
+		out.Metadata = append(out.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID, Value: g})
+	}
+	if w := resp.GetWindowSeconds(); w > 0 {
+		out.Metadata = append(out.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS, Value: strconv.FormatInt(w, 10)})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// denyFromManagement converts a deny response into the chain's deny
+// envelope. The deny code surfaces verbatim through the framework's
+// fixed JSON template; arbitrary middleware bytes can't reach the
+// wire.
+func denyFromManagement(resp *proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse, surface string) *middleware.Output {
+	code := resp.GetDenyCode()
+	if code == "" {
+		code = "llm_policy.cap_exceeded"
+	}
+	// The canonical code is safe to surface; the management-supplied
+	// reason can name internal quota details (used amounts, caps, rule
+	// ids), so keep the public message generic and leave the detail to
+	// server-side logs.
+	return &middleware.Output{
+		Decision:   middleware.DecisionDeny,
+		DenyStatus: 403,
+		DenyReason: &middleware.DenyReason{
+			Code:    code,
+			Message: denyMessageForCode(code),
+			Surface: surface,
+		},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "deny"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason, Value: code},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// denyMessageForCode maps a management deny code to a public message.
+// Model-allowlist rejections get a model-specific message matching the
+// local guardrail; everything else keeps the generic quota wording. The
+// message stays generic so it never leaks internal quota detail.
+func denyMessageForCode(code string) string {
+	switch code {
+	case "llm_policy.model_blocked":
+		return "model is not in the policy allowlist"
+	case "llm_policy.model_unknown":
+		return "request model could not be determined for the policy allowlist"
+	default:
+		return "LLM policy limit exceeded"
+	}
+}
+
+// lookupKV returns the value associated with key, or the empty
+// string when absent.
+func lookupKV(kvs []middleware.KV, key string) string {
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/middleware_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7754998ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check/middleware_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+package llm_limit_check
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// fakeMgmt is a minimal builtin.MgmtClient stub that lets the test
+// drive CheckLLMPolicyLimits responses without a real gRPC dial.
+type fakeMgmt struct {
+	checkResp *proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse
+	checkErr  error
+	checkReq  *proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMgmt) CheckLLMPolicyLimits(_ context.Context, in *proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse, error) {
+	f.checkReq = in
+	return f.checkResp, f.checkErr
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMgmt) RecordLLMUsage(_ context.Context, _ *proto.RecordLLMUsageRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.RecordLLMUsageResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.RecordLLMUsageResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+func runInvoke(t *testing.T, m *Middleware, in *middleware.Input) *middleware.Output {
+	t.Helper()
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must not propagate transport errors")
+	require.NotNil(t, out, "Invoke must always return an Output")
+	return out
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_AllowStampsAttributionMetadata covers the happy path:
+// management returns an allow decision with selected_policy_id +
+// attribution_group_id + window_seconds, the middleware emits all three
+// onto the metadata bag so the post-flight llm_limit_record
+// middleware has everything it needs to tick the right counter.
+func TestInvoke_AllowStampsAttributionMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	mgmt := &fakeMgmt{
+		checkResp: &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse{
+			Decision:           "allow",
+			SelectedPolicyId:   "pol-X",
+			AttributionGroupId: "grp-engineers",
+			WindowSeconds:      86_400,
+		},
+	}
+	m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+	out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-bob",
+		UserGroups: []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: "prov-1"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+	assert.Equal(t, "acc-1", mgmt.checkReq.GetAccountId(), "account_id must round-trip onto the RPC")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-bob", mgmt.checkReq.GetUserId())
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-engineers"}, mgmt.checkReq.GetGroupIds())
+	assert.Equal(t, "prov-1", mgmt.checkReq.GetProviderId(), "resolved provider id must come from metadata")
+	assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4o", mgmt.checkReq.GetModel(), "model must come from metadata")
+
+	want := map[string]string{
+		middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision:     "allow",
+		middleware.KeyLLMSelectedPolicyID:   "pol-X",
+		middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID: "grp-engineers",
+		middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS: "86400",
+	}
+	got := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kv := range out.Metadata {
+		got[kv.Key] = kv.Value
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, want, got, "attribution metadata must land on the bag for the response leg to consume")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_DenyConvertsToProxyDeny proves the deny envelope round-
+// trips: management's deny code becomes the proxy framework's deny
+// payload at status 403, and the deny reason text is preserved so
+// operators can debug from the access log.
+func TestInvoke_DenyConvertsToProxyDeny(t *testing.T) {
+	mgmt := &fakeMgmt{
+		checkResp: &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse{
+			Decision:   "deny",
+			DenyCode:   "llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded",
+			DenyReason: "group token cap exhausted on policy pol-X (used 1000 of 1000)",
+		},
+	}
+	m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+	out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserGroups: []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		Metadata:   []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: "prov-1"}},
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision)
+	assert.Equal(t, 403, out.DenyStatus, "policy denials are 403 — same as llm_router's")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason, "deny envelope must carry a reason payload")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded", out.DenyReason.Code, "canonical deny code surfaces to the caller")
+	// The public message must stay generic: the management reason names
+	// internal quota detail (used/cap, rule id) that must not leak.
+	assert.Equal(t, "LLM policy limit exceeded", out.DenyReason.Message, "public deny message must be generic")
+	assert.NotContains(t, out.DenyReason.Message, "exhausted", "internal quota detail must not reach the caller")
+	assert.NotContains(t, out.DenyReason.Message, "1000", "internal cap numbers must not reach the caller")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_ModelDenyMessages proves a model-allowlist rejection gets a
+// model-specific public message rather than the generic quota wording, so a
+// blocked or undetermined model reads consistently with the local guardrail.
+func TestInvoke_ModelDenyMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		code    string
+		message string
+	}{
+		{"blocked", "llm_policy.model_blocked", "model is not in the policy allowlist"},
+		{"unknown", "llm_policy.model_unknown", "request model could not be determined for the policy allowlist"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mgmt := &fakeMgmt{
+				checkResp: &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse{
+					Decision: "deny",
+					DenyCode: tc.code,
+				},
+			}
+			m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+			out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+				AccountID:  "acc-1",
+				UserGroups: []string{"grp-engineers"},
+				Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: "prov-1"},
+					{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "some-model"},
+				},
+			})
+
+			assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision)
+			require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason, "deny envelope must carry a reason payload")
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.code, out.DenyReason.Code, "canonical deny code surfaces to the caller")
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.message, out.DenyReason.Message,
+				"model denials must use a model-specific message, matching the local guardrail")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_NoMgmtClientPassesThrough proves the partial-wiring
+// safety: a middleware constructed without a management client
+// allows every request without attribution. This makes a half-set-up
+// environment indistinguishable from "no enforcement" rather than
+// breaking the chain.
+func TestInvoke_NoMgmtClientPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	m := New(nil, nil)
+
+	out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserGroups: []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		Metadata:   []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: "prov-1"}},
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+	for _, kv := range out.Metadata {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, middleware.KeyLLMSelectedPolicyID, kv.Key,
+			"no mgmt client = no attribution metadata; record middleware then skips its write")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_NoResolvedProviderPassesThrough covers the defensive
+// path: when llm_router didn't set llm.resolved_provider_id (which
+// only happens on the deny side of llm_router), the gate must NOT
+// stack a second deny on top — pass through and let the upstream
+// deny stand.
+func TestInvoke_NoResolvedProviderPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	m := New(&fakeMgmt{}, nil)
+
+	out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID: "acc-1",
+		Metadata:  []middleware.KV{},
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+		"no resolved provider = the gate has nothing to check; never deny on top of an upstream allow")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_RPCErrorFailsOpen proves the fail-open contract: a
+// transport error from management does NOT deny the request. v1
+// trades enforcement strictness for availability — an unreachable
+// management server otherwise turns into a total LLM outage.
+func TestInvoke_RPCErrorFailsOpen(t *testing.T) {
+	m := New(&fakeMgmt{checkErr: errors.New("connection refused")}, nil)
+
+	out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserGroups: []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		Metadata:   []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: "prov-1"}},
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+		"transport errors must not cascade into total LLM outages — operators audit via access log")
+}
+
+// TestMetadataKeys_Allowlist locks the closed set this middleware can
+// emit. The accumulator drops anything outside this list; adding a
+// new emission means updating both the slice and this test.
+func TestMetadataKeys_Allowlist(t *testing.T) {
+	keys := New(nil, nil).MetadataKeys()
+	want := []string{
+		middleware.KeyLLMSelectedPolicyID,
+		middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID,
+		middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS,
+		middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision,
+		middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason,
+	}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, want, keys)
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_NonInferenceSkipsPreflight covers gateway model discovery:
+// GET /v1/models carries no model, and management's per-model allowlist
+// fails closed on an empty one, so a pre-flight would deny discovery for
+// exactly the accounts that use the model allowlist. The router marks the
+// request non-inference after authorising the route, and the gate must
+// then allow without calling management at all.
+func TestInvoke_NonInferenceSkipsPreflight(t *testing.T) {
+	mgmt := &fakeMgmt{
+		checkResp: &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse{
+			Decision: "deny",
+			DenyCode: "llm_policy.model_blocked",
+		},
+	}
+	m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+	out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-bob",
+		UserGroups: []string{"grp-engineers"},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: "prov-1"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMNonInference, Value: "true"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "model-less endpoints must not be gated on a model")
+	assert.Nil(t, mgmt.checkReq, "no pre-flight may be sent for a non-inference request")
+
+	assert.Empty(t, lookupKV(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMSelectedPolicyID),
+		"no policy is attributed when nothing was metered")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/factory.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/factory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b42931c0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/factory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Package llm_limit_record is the SlotOnResponse middleware that
+// posts the served request's token + cost deltas back to management
+// so the per-(user, group, window) consumption counters tick. Reads
+// the attribution metadata stamped by llm_limit_check on the request
+// leg + the token / cost metadata stamped by llm_response_parser and
+// cost_meter; skips the write entirely when no attribution metadata
+// is present (e.g. catch-all-allow policy with no caps configured).
+package llm_limit_record
+
+import (
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+)
+
+// ID is the registry identifier for this middleware.
+const ID = "llm_limit_record"
+
+// Factory builds a configured llm_limit_record instance bound to the
+// FactoryContext's MgmtClient. nil-MgmtClient disables the post-flight
+// write entirely (no-op pass-through), matching the request-leg gate's
+// behaviour so a partially wired environment is consistent.
+type Factory struct{}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier matching the middleware ID.
+func (Factory) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// New ignores the rawConfig payload (no per-target config today).
+func (Factory) New(_ []byte) (middleware.Middleware, error) {
+	ctx := builtin.Context()
+	return New(ctx.MgmtClient, ctx.Logger), nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	builtin.Register(Factory{})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/middleware.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..52dfc73f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package llm_limit_record
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// Version is reported via Middleware.Version().
+const Version = "1.0.0"
+
+// callTimeout caps the wall-clock budget for the post-flight RPC.
+// Longer than the pre-flight gate because this runs after the
+// upstream returned and is not on the user-facing latency path —
+// a slow record is just a delayed counter increment, not a delayed
+// response to the caller.
+const callTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// Middleware posts token + cost deltas to management after a served
+// request. Stateless; per-call values come entirely from metadata
+// emitted upstream.
+type Middleware struct {
+	mgmt   builtin.MgmtClient
+	logger *log.Logger
+}
+
+// New constructs a Middleware bound to the supplied management
+// client. mgmt may be nil — that disables the write entirely so a
+// partially wired environment doesn't attempt to dial nothing.
+func New(mgmt builtin.MgmtClient, logger *log.Logger) *Middleware {
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = log.StandardLogger()
+	}
+	return &Middleware{mgmt: mgmt, logger: logger}
+}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (m *Middleware) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// Version returns the implementation version.
+func (m *Middleware) Version() string { return Version }
+
+// Slot reports that the middleware runs after the upstream call.
+func (m *Middleware) Slot() middleware.Slot { return middleware.SlotOnResponse }
+
+// AcceptedContentTypes is empty: this middleware never inspects
+// bodies. It only reads metadata emitted upstream.
+func (m *Middleware) AcceptedContentTypes() []string { return []string{} }
+
+// MetadataKeys is empty — the record middleware never emits its own
+// metadata. Its only side effect is the gRPC write to management.
+func (m *Middleware) MetadataKeys() []string { return []string{} }
+
+// MutationsSupported reports that the middleware never mutates the
+// response. Its outcome is always Allow.
+func (m *Middleware) MutationsSupported() bool { return false }
+
+// Close releases resources owned by the middleware. Stateless.
+func (m *Middleware) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// Invoke reads the attribution + tokens + cost metadata, calls
+// management's RecordLLMUsage, and always returns Allow. RPC errors
+// are logged at debug level — the response has already been served
+// to the client by the time we get here, so a record failure must
+// not surface back through the proxy.
+func (m *Middleware) Invoke(ctx context.Context, in *middleware.Input) (*middleware.Output, error) {
+	out := &middleware.Output{Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow}
+	if m.mgmt == nil {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	tokensIn, _ := strconv.ParseInt(lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens), 10, 64)
+	tokensOut, _ := strconv.ParseInt(lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens), 10, 64)
+	costUSD, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal), 64)
+	if tokensIn == 0 && tokensOut == 0 && costUSD == 0 {
+		// llm_response_parser couldn't read usage off the upstream
+		// response (streaming-not-yet-supported, malformed body, …).
+		// Skipping the write keeps phantom rows out of the
+		// consumption table.
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	windowStr := lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS)
+	windowSeconds, _ := strconv.ParseInt(windowStr, 10, 64)
+	groupID := lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID)
+
+	// A zero attribution window means no policy cap bound this request (deny at
+	// the gate, or a catch-all-allow policy). We still record so account-level
+	// budget rules — which live in their own windows and bind independently of
+	// policies — accumulate. The management side books the policy dimensions
+	// only when window_seconds > 0 and fans out to account rules regardless.
+	if in.UserID == "" && groupID == "" && len(in.UserGroups) == 0 {
+		m.logger.WithField("middleware", ID).
+			WithField("account_id", in.AccountID).
+			Debugf("post-flight skipped: no user/group/groups to attribute (tokens=%d/%d cost=%g window=%d)", tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD, windowSeconds)
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	rpcCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, callTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	m.logger.WithField("middleware", ID).
+		WithField("account_id", in.AccountID).
+		WithField("user_id", in.UserID).
+		WithField("group_id", groupID).
+		WithField("group_ids_len", len(in.UserGroups)).
+		Debugf("post-flight sending RecordLLMUsage (tokens=%d/%d cost=%g window=%d)", tokensIn, tokensOut, costUSD, windowSeconds)
+
+	if _, err := m.mgmt.RecordLLMUsage(rpcCtx, &proto.RecordLLMUsageRequest{
+		AccountId:     in.AccountID,
+		UserId:        in.UserID,
+		GroupId:       groupID,
+		WindowSeconds: windowSeconds,
+		TokensInput:   tokensIn,
+		TokensOutput:  tokensOut,
+		CostUsd:       costUSD,
+		GroupIds:      append([]string(nil), in.UserGroups...),
+	}); err != nil {
+		m.logger.WithError(err).
+			WithField("middleware", ID).
+			WithField("account_id", in.AccountID).
+			WithField("user_id", in.UserID).
+			WithField("group_id", groupID).
+			Debugf("post-flight record failed; counter will lag this request")
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// lookupKV returns the value associated with key, or the empty
+// string when absent.
+func lookupKV(kvs []middleware.KV, key string) string {
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/middleware_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a98ce9b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record/middleware_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+package llm_limit_record
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+type fakeMgmt struct {
+	recordReq    *proto.RecordLLMUsageRequest
+	recordCalled bool
+	recordErr    error
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMgmt) CheckLLMPolicyLimits(_ context.Context, _ *proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse{Decision: "allow"}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMgmt) RecordLLMUsage(_ context.Context, in *proto.RecordLLMUsageRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.RecordLLMUsageResponse, error) {
+	f.recordCalled = true
+	f.recordReq = in
+	return &proto.RecordLLMUsageResponse{}, f.recordErr
+}
+
+func runInvoke(t *testing.T, m *Middleware, in *middleware.Input) *middleware.Output {
+	t.Helper()
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_PostsAttributionWithTokensAndCost covers the happy path:
+// when the request leg stamped attribution + the upstream parsers
+// stamped tokens + cost, the post-flight call carries every field
+// through to RecordLLMUsage.
+func TestInvoke_PostsAttributionWithTokensAndCost(t *testing.T) {
+	mgmt := &fakeMgmt{}
+	m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+	out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID: "acc-1",
+		UserID:    "user-bob",
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID, Value: "grp-engineers"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS, Value: "86400"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "150"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "75"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal, Value: "0.0125"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+	require.True(t, mgmt.recordCalled, "record must be invoked when attribution + usage are both present")
+	assert.Equal(t, "acc-1", mgmt.recordReq.GetAccountId())
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-bob", mgmt.recordReq.GetUserId())
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-engineers", mgmt.recordReq.GetGroupId())
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(86_400), mgmt.recordReq.GetWindowSeconds())
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(150), mgmt.recordReq.GetTokensInput())
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(75), mgmt.recordReq.GetTokensOutput())
+	assert.InDelta(t, 0.0125, mgmt.recordReq.GetCostUsd(), 1e-9)
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_NoAttributionWindowStillRecordsForAccountFanOut proves the
+// catch-all-allow path now STILL records (window 0): account-level budget
+// rules live in their own windows and bind independently of policies, so the
+// management side needs the post-flight call even when no policy cap applied.
+// The full group set is forwarded so the account fan-out can attribute.
+func TestInvoke_NoAttributionWindowStillRecordsForAccountFanOut(t *testing.T) {
+	mgmt := &fakeMgmt{}
+	m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+	runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID:  "acc-1",
+		UserID:     "user-bob",
+		UserGroups: []string{"grp-eng", "grp-oncall"},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "150"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: "75"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal, Value: "0.0125"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	require.True(t, mgmt.recordCalled, "must record even without a policy window so account budgets accumulate")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), mgmt.recordReq.GetWindowSeconds(), "no policy window is forwarded as 0")
+	assert.Empty(t, mgmt.recordReq.GetGroupId(), "no attribution group without a policy")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-eng", "grp-oncall"}, mgmt.recordReq.GetGroupIds(), "full group set must be forwarded for the account fan-out")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_NoPrincipalSkipsRecord proves that with neither a user nor any
+// groups there is nothing to attribute, so the write is skipped.
+func TestInvoke_NoPrincipalSkipsRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	mgmt := &fakeMgmt{}
+	m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+	runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID: "acc-1",
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "150"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyCostUSDTotal, Value: "0.0125"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.False(t, mgmt.recordCalled, "no user and no groups = nothing to attribute")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_ZeroUsageSkipsRecord proves the no-usage-no-write path:
+// when the upstream parser couldn't extract token counts (streaming,
+// malformed body, …), skipping the write keeps phantom rows out of
+// the consumption table.
+func TestInvoke_ZeroUsageSkipsRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	mgmt := &fakeMgmt{}
+	m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+	runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID: "acc-1",
+		UserID:    "user-bob",
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID, Value: "grp-engineers"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS, Value: "86400"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.False(t, mgmt.recordCalled, "zero tokens AND zero cost = nothing to record; an upstream parse miss must not surface as a row")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_RPCErrorIsSwallowed proves the post-flight isolation
+// contract: management errors must NOT cascade back to the proxy
+// because the upstream response has already been served — failing
+// the chain at this point would corrupt the response. Errors are
+// logged at debug level and swallowed.
+func TestInvoke_RPCErrorIsSwallowed(t *testing.T) {
+	mgmt := &fakeMgmt{recordErr: errors.New("management down")}
+	m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+	out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID: "acc-1",
+		UserID:    "user-bob",
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID, Value: "grp-engineers"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS, Value: "86400"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "100"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+		"a record failure must not surface — the upstream response is already on the wire")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_NoMgmtClientPassesThrough mirrors the gate's safety
+// contract: a partial wiring is consistent. No mgmt client = silent
+// skip rather than an unhandled nil-deref.
+func TestInvoke_NoMgmtClientPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	m := New(nil, nil)
+	out := runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID: "acc-1",
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionGroupID, Value: "grp-engineers"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS, Value: "86400"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "100"},
+		},
+	})
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_NoIdentitySkipsRecord covers a defensive guard: stamped
+// attribution but no user_id AND no group_id (shouldn't happen, but
+// possible if the gate ever changes shape) must not write a row keyed
+// on empty dimension ids.
+func TestInvoke_NoIdentitySkipsRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	mgmt := &fakeMgmt{}
+	m := New(mgmt, nil)
+
+	runInvoke(t, m, &middleware.Input{
+		AccountID: "acc-1",
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAttributionWindowS, Value: "86400"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: "100"},
+		},
+	})
+
+	assert.False(t, mgmt.recordCalled,
+		"empty user + group identity must skip the write — never key on empty dimension ids")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/bedrock_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/bedrock_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82f44cb50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/bedrock_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package llm_request_parser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+func TestParseBedrockPath(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		path   string
+		model  string
+		stream bool
+		ok     bool
+	}{
+		{"/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/invoke", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", false, true},
+		{"/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/invoke-with-response-stream", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", true, true},
+		{"/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/converse", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", false, true},
+		{"/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/converse-stream", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", true, true},
+		// URL-encoded colon in the version suffix.
+		{"/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1%3A0/invoke", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", false, true},
+		// Optional "/bedrock" gateway-namespace prefix.
+		{"/bedrock/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/invoke-with-response-stream", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", true, true},
+		{"/bedrock/model/anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/converse", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", false, true},
+		{"/v1/chat/completions", "", false, false},
+		{"/model/foo", "", false, false},
+		{"/model//invoke", "", false, false},
+		{"/model/x/unknown-action", "", false, false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		br, ok := parseBedrockPath(tt.path)
+		require.Equal(t, tt.ok, ok, "ok for %q", tt.path)
+		if tt.ok {
+			require.Equal(t, tt.model, br.model, "model for %q", tt.path)
+			require.Equal(t, tt.stream, br.stream, "stream for %q", tt.path)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_BedrockCountTokens covers the dedicated token-counting
+// endpoint. Denying it does not break the client, it just pushes context
+// counting back onto the inference endpoint, which is billable.
+func TestInvoke_BedrockCountTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/model/us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/count-tokens",
+		Body: []byte(`{"input":{"converse":{"messages":[]}}}`),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+
+	model, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+	require.True(t, ok, "count-tokens carries a model in the path and must emit it")
+	assert.Equal(t, "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", model, "model must be normalized like any other action")
+
+	stream, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMStream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "false", stream, "count-tokens never streams")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/factory.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/factory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b3776877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/factory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package llm_request_parser
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+)
+
+// config is the on-wire config envelope for the middleware.
+//
+// ProviderID, when set, names the parser to use directly (matched
+// against llm.ParserByName, e.g. "openai", "anthropic"). The
+// agent-network synthesiser stamps this so requests routed through a
+// synthesised provider service don't depend on URL-shape sniffing,
+// which is the only signal the middleware otherwise has.
+type config struct {
+	ProviderID string `json:"provider_id,omitempty"`
+	// RedactPii, when true, runs PII redaction over the captured raw prompt
+	// before it is emitted as llm.request_prompt_raw — so the
+	// agent-network access-log row does NOT carry raw emails / SSNs /
+	// phone numbers even though the framework's per-key redactor (Scan)
+	// doesn't cover those prompt-shaped patterns. Sourced by the
+	// synthesiser from the account's redact_pii toggle.
+	RedactPii bool `json:"redact_pii,omitempty"`
+	// CapturePrompt gates emission of llm.request_prompt_raw. A nil pointer
+	// preserves the legacy default (emit), so callers that don't know about
+	// the toggle (or pre-existing tests with empty config) keep working.
+	// The synthesiser sets this explicitly to the account's
+	// enable_prompt_collection toggle: false here suppresses the key
+	// entirely so the access-log row carries no prompt content at all,
+	// independent of redact_pii (which only controls the form of the
+	// content when it IS emitted).
+	CapturePrompt *bool `json:"capture_prompt,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Factory builds llm_request_parser instances from raw config bytes.
+type Factory struct{}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (Factory) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// New constructs a middleware instance. Empty, null, and {} configs are
+// accepted; non-empty rawConfig that fails to unmarshal is rejected so
+// misconfigurations surface at chain build time.
+func (Factory) New(rawConfig []byte) (middleware.Middleware, error) {
+	var cfg config
+	if len(bytes.TrimSpace(rawConfig)) > 0 {
+		// Strict decode: a typo'd field (e.g. "capture_prompts") must fail
+		// chain build rather than silently fall back to the emit-everything
+		// default and leak prompts.
+		dec := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(rawConfig))
+		dec.DisallowUnknownFields()
+		if err := dec.Decode(&cfg); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode config: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Default capturePrompt to true (legacy emission) when the field is
+	// absent so non-agent-network callers and pre-toggle tests keep working.
+	capturePrompt := true
+	if cfg.CapturePrompt != nil {
+		capturePrompt = *cfg.CapturePrompt
+	}
+	return middlewareImpl{providerID: cfg.ProviderID, redactPii: cfg.RedactPii, capturePrompt: capturePrompt}, nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	builtin.Register(Factory{})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/guardrail_allowlist_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/guardrail_allowlist_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1eae26d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/guardrail_allowlist_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package llm_request_parser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail"
+)
+
+// runParserGuardrail runs the request parser then the model-allowlist guardrail
+// in SlotOnRequest order, threading the parser's metadata into the guardrail the
+// same way the real chain does. It returns the guardrail decision so tests can
+// assert allowlist enforcement for URL/path-routed providers end to end.
+func runParserGuardrail(t *testing.T, url string, body []byte, allowlist []string) *middleware.Output {
+	t.Helper()
+	parser := newMiddleware(t)
+	parsed, err := parser.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Slot: middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		URL:  url,
+		Body: body,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "parser must not error")
+
+	const providerID = "prov-under-test"
+	guard := llm_guardrail.New(llm_guardrail.Config{
+		ProviderAllowlists: map[string][]string{providerID: allowlist},
+	})
+	// The real chain has llm_router stamp the resolved provider id before the
+	// guardrail runs; the parser doesn't, so add it here so the guardrail can
+	// scope the allowlist to this provider.
+	meta := append([]middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: providerID}}, parsed.Metadata...)
+	out, err := guard.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:     middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		Metadata: meta,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "guardrail must not error")
+	require.NotNil(t, out, "guardrail must return an output")
+	return out
+}
+
+// TestModelAllowlist_URLRoutedProviders validates that the model allowlist is
+// enforced for providers whose model travels in the URL path (AWS Bedrock,
+// Google Vertex) rather than the JSON body. The "unknown action" case is the
+// regression guard for #6751: a Bedrock request shape the parser cannot map to a
+// model must fail closed under an allowlist instead of bypassing it.
+func TestModelAllowlist_URLRoutedProviders(t *testing.T) {
+	const bedrockBody = `{"anthropic_version":"bedrock-2023-05-31","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`
+	const vertexBody = `{"anthropic_version":"vertex-2023-10-16","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		url       string
+		body      string
+		allowlist []string
+		decision  middleware.Decision
+		denyCode  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "bedrock allowed model passes",
+			url:       "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/model/us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-v1:0/invoke",
+			body:      bedrockBody,
+			allowlist: []string{"anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"},
+			decision:  middleware.DecisionAllow,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "bedrock disallowed model denied",
+			url:       "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/model/us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-8-v1:0/invoke",
+			body:      bedrockBody,
+			allowlist: []string{"anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"},
+			decision:  middleware.DecisionDeny,
+			denyCode:  "llm_policy.model_blocked",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "bedrock unknown action fails closed",
+			url:       "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/model/us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-8-v1:0/some-future-action",
+			body:      bedrockBody,
+			allowlist: []string{"anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"},
+			decision:  middleware.DecisionDeny,
+			denyCode:  "llm_policy.model_unknown",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "vertex disallowed model denied",
+			url:       "/v1/projects/p/locations/global/publishers/anthropic/models/claude-opus-4-8@20250101:rawPredict",
+			body:      vertexBody,
+			allowlist: []string{"claude-haiku-4-5"},
+			decision:  middleware.DecisionDeny,
+			denyCode:  "llm_policy.model_blocked",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "vertex allowed model passes",
+			url:       "/v1/projects/p/locations/global/publishers/anthropic/models/claude-haiku-4-5@20250101:rawPredict",
+			body:      vertexBody,
+			allowlist: []string{"claude-haiku-4-5"},
+			decision:  middleware.DecisionAllow,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			out := runParserGuardrail(t, tt.url, []byte(tt.body), tt.allowlist)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.decision, out.Decision, "unexpected decision for %s", tt.name)
+			if tt.decision == middleware.DecisionDeny {
+				require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason, "deny reason must be set for %s", tt.name)
+				assert.Equal(t, 403, out.DenyStatus, "deny status must be 403 for %s", tt.name)
+				assert.Equal(t, tt.denyCode, out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code for %s", tt.name)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7129c2298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+// Package llm_request_parser implements the SlotOnRequest middleware
+// that detects the LLM provider from the request URL, parses the JSON
+// request body for model and streaming flags, and extracts the user
+// prompt text. Emitted metadata feeds downstream middlewares (guardrail,
+// cost meter) and the access-log terminal sink.
+package llm_request_parser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/llm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail"
+)
+
+// ID is the registry key for this middleware.
+const ID = "llm_request_parser"
+
+// Version is reported via Middleware.Version().
+const Version = "1.0.0"
+
+// maxPromptBytes caps llm.request_prompt_raw at a size that fits within
+// MaxMetadataValueBytes with headroom. Truncation is rune-safe.
+const maxPromptBytes = 3500
+
+// middlewareImpl is the concrete implementation. providerID, when set,
+// names the parser to use directly (bypasses URL sniffing). It is empty
+// for non-agent-network targets, which fall back to DetectParser on the
+// request path.
+type middlewareImpl struct {
+	providerID    string
+	redactPii     bool
+	capturePrompt bool
+}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (middlewareImpl) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// Version returns the implementation version.
+func (middlewareImpl) Version() string { return Version }
+
+// Slot reports the request slot.
+func (middlewareImpl) Slot() middleware.Slot { return middleware.SlotOnRequest }
+
+// AcceptedContentTypes restricts body inspection to JSON.
+func (middlewareImpl) AcceptedContentTypes() []string {
+	return []string{"application/json"}
+}
+
+// MetadataKeys lists the closed allowlist of keys this middleware emits.
+func (middlewareImpl) MetadataKeys() []string {
+	return []string{
+		middleware.KeyLLMProvider,
+		middleware.KeyLLMModel,
+		middleware.KeyLLMStream,
+		middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw,
+		middleware.KeyLLMCaptureTruncated,
+		middleware.KeyLLMSessionID,
+		middleware.KeyLLMAgentID,
+		middleware.KeyLLMParentAgentID,
+	}
+}
+
+// MutationsSupported reports that this middleware never mutates.
+func (middlewareImpl) MutationsSupported() bool { return false }
+
+// Close is a no-op; the middleware is stateless.
+func (middlewareImpl) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// Invoke detects the LLM provider, parses request facts, and emits
+// metadata. Always returns DecisionAllow; never errors. Provider
+// selection prefers the request path, falling back to the configured
+// providerID (synthesiser-stamped on agent-network targets) so requests
+// routed to a custom upstream URL still resolve.
+func (m middlewareImpl) Invoke(_ context.Context, in *middleware.Input) (*middleware.Output, error) {
+	out := &middleware.Output{Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow}
+	if in == nil {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	// Google Vertex AI carries the model + publisher (vendor) in the URL path,
+	// not the body, so it needs a dedicated extraction path.
+	if vx, okv := parseVertexPath(extractPath(in.URL)); okv {
+		return m.invokeVertex(in, vx), nil
+	}
+
+	// AWS Bedrock likewise carries the model in the URL path (/model/{id}/{action}).
+	if br, okb := parseBedrockPath(extractPath(in.URL)); okb {
+		return m.invokeBedrock(in, br), nil
+	}
+
+	// A path that names an API surface wins over the configured providerID:
+	// a gateway record pinned to "openai" still serves Claude Code on
+	// /v1/messages, and reading that body with the OpenAI parser loses the
+	// Anthropic usage block and prices the request on the wrong surface.
+	// providerID stays the fallback for upstreams whose path says nothing.
+	parser, ok := llm.DetectParser(extractPath(in.URL))
+	if !ok {
+		parser, ok = llm.ParserByName(m.providerID)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	md := []middleware.KV{
+		{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: parser.ProviderName()},
+	}
+
+	// Session id is an opaque grouping identifier, not prompt content, so
+	// it's emitted regardless of the prompt-collection toggle — session
+	// grouping must work even when prompt capture is off. Prefer a header
+	// (Codex sends the session as an HTTP header, and headers survive an
+	// oversized request whose body capture was bypassed) and resolve it
+	// before ParseRequest so a malformed body still keeps the header id.
+	sessionID := sessionIDFromHeaders(in.Headers)
+	if sessionID == "" {
+		sessionID = parser.ExtractSessionID(in.Body)
+	}
+	appendSessionID := func(md []middleware.KV) []middleware.KV {
+		if sessionID != "" {
+			md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMSessionID, Value: sessionID})
+		}
+		return appendAgentIDs(md, in.Headers)
+	}
+
+	facts, err := parser.ParseRequest(in.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		if logger := builtin.Context().Logger; logger != nil {
+			logger.Debugf("llm_request_parser: parse request body: %v", err)
+		}
+		md = appendSessionID(md)
+		md = appendCaptureTruncated(md, false, in.BodyTruncated)
+		out.Metadata = md
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	if facts.Model != "" {
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: facts.Model})
+	}
+	md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMStream, Value: strconv.FormatBool(facts.Stream)})
+	md = appendSessionID(md)
+
+	prompt, promptTruncated := truncatePrompt(parser.ExtractPrompt(in.Body))
+	if prompt != "" && m.capturePrompt {
+		if m.redactPii {
+			// Apply redaction BEFORE the value lands in the metadata bag, so
+			// the access-log row never carries raw emails / SSNs / phones.
+			// The downstream llm_guardrail middleware reads this key to
+			// produce llm.request_prompt; RedactPII is idempotent so its
+			// second pass is a no-op. Redaction can grow the text, so
+			// re-truncate to keep the value within the metadata cap.
+			prompt = llm_guardrail.RedactPII(prompt)
+			var redactedTruncated bool
+			prompt, redactedTruncated = truncatePrompt(prompt)
+			promptTruncated = promptTruncated || redactedTruncated
+		}
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw, Value: prompt})
+	}
+
+	md = appendCaptureTruncated(md, promptTruncated, in.BodyTruncated)
+	out.Metadata = md
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// agentIDHeader and parentAgentIDHeader carry sub-agent attribution: a
+// coding agent that spawns helpers stamps the spawned agent's id, plus the
+// spawning agent's when that helper is itself nested. Both are opaque
+// identifiers rather than content, so they're emitted regardless of the
+// prompt-collection toggle, the same way the session id is.
+const (
+	agentIDHeader       = "x-claude-code-agent-id"
+	parentAgentIDHeader = "x-claude-code-parent-agent-id"
+)
+
+// appendAgentIDs stamps the sub-agent attribution headers onto the metadata
+// bag, skipping either one the request doesn't carry.
+func appendAgentIDs(md []middleware.KV, headers []middleware.KV) []middleware.KV {
+	for _, pair := range []struct{ key, header string }{
+		{middleware.KeyLLMAgentID, agentIDHeader},
+		{middleware.KeyLLMParentAgentID, parentAgentIDHeader},
+	} {
+		if v := headerValue(headers, pair.header); v != "" {
+			md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: pair.key, Value: v})
+		}
+	}
+	return md
+}
+
+// headerValue returns the first non-empty value for the named header.
+// Headers arrive in canonical form, so the match is case-insensitive.
+func headerValue(headers []middleware.KV, want string) string {
+	for _, kv := range headers {
+		if strings.EqualFold(kv.Key, want) && kv.Value != "" {
+			return kv.Value
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// sessionIDHeaders are request header names that may carry a client
+// session identifier, checked in order, case-insensitively. Matching is
+// against Go's canonical header form, so use the hyphenated names the
+// clients actually send: "x-claude-code-session-id" (Claude Code),
+// "session-id" (OpenAI Codex — confirmed on the wire as "Session-Id"),
+// and "x-session-id" as a generic convention.
+var sessionIDHeaders = []string{"x-claude-code-session-id", "session-id", "x-session-id"}
+
+// sessionIDFromHeaders returns the first non-empty value among the known
+// session header names, or "" when none is present. Headers arrive in
+// canonical form, so the match is case-insensitive.
+func sessionIDFromHeaders(headers []middleware.KV) string {
+	for _, want := range sessionIDHeaders {
+		if v := headerValue(headers, want); v != "" {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// appendCaptureTruncated stamps the capture_truncated marker reflecting
+// either prompt-side truncation or upstream body truncation.
+func appendCaptureTruncated(md []middleware.KV, promptTruncated, bodyTruncated bool) []middleware.KV {
+	value := "false"
+	if promptTruncated || bodyTruncated {
+		value = "true"
+	}
+	return append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMCaptureTruncated, Value: value})
+}
+
+// truncatePrompt clamps a prompt string to maxPromptBytes on a UTF-8
+// rune boundary. Returns the clamped string and whether truncation
+// occurred.
+func truncatePrompt(s string) (string, bool) {
+	if len(s) <= maxPromptBytes {
+		return s, false
+	}
+	cut := maxPromptBytes
+	for cut > 0 && !utf8.RuneStart(s[cut]) {
+		cut--
+	}
+	return s[:cut], true
+}
+
+// extractPath returns the path component of a URL that may be absolute
+// or already a path. Parse errors fall back to the raw input.
+func extractPath(raw string) string {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	u, err := url.Parse(raw)
+	if err != nil || u.Path == "" {
+		return raw
+	}
+	return u.Path
+}
+
+// vertexRequest is the model + vendor extracted from a Vertex AI publisher
+// path (the model is in the URL, not the body).
+type vertexRequest struct {
+	publisher string
+	model     string
+	stream    bool
+}
+
+// parseVertexPath extracts the publisher, model, and streaming flag from a
+// Vertex publisher endpoint:
+//
+//	/v1/projects/{project}/locations/{region}/publishers/{publisher}/models/{model}:{action}
+//
+// The model's "@version" suffix is stripped so it matches catalog/pricing.
+func parseVertexPath(reqPath string) (vertexRequest, bool) {
+	const pubSep, modSep = "/publishers/", "/models/"
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, "/v1/projects/") {
+		return vertexRequest{}, false
+	}
+	pubIdx := strings.Index(reqPath, pubSep)
+	modIdx := strings.Index(reqPath, modSep)
+	if pubIdx < 0 || modIdx <= pubIdx {
+		return vertexRequest{}, false
+	}
+	publisher := reqPath[pubIdx+len(pubSep) : modIdx]
+	rest := reqPath[modIdx+len(modSep):] // {model}:{action}
+	if publisher == "" || rest == "" {
+		return vertexRequest{}, false
+	}
+	model, action := rest, ""
+	if c := strings.LastIndex(rest, ":"); c >= 0 {
+		model, action = rest[:c], rest[c+1:]
+	}
+	// Token counting hangs off the model as its own path segment
+	// (".../models/{model}/count-tokens:rawPredict"), so anything past the
+	// first "/" belongs to the method rather than the model id.
+	if slash := strings.Index(model, "/"); slash >= 0 {
+		model = model[:slash]
+	}
+	model = llm.NormalizeVertexModel(model)
+	if model == "" {
+		return vertexRequest{}, false
+	}
+	return vertexRequest{publisher: publisher, model: model, stream: strings.HasPrefix(action, "stream")}, true
+}
+
+// vertexPublisherVendor maps a Vertex publisher to the parser surface its
+// requests/responses speak. Empty for publishers without a parser yet
+// (e.g. google/gemini) — the request still routes, but isn't metered.
+func vertexPublisherVendor(publisher string) string {
+	switch strings.ToLower(publisher) {
+	case "anthropic":
+		return "anthropic"
+	case "openai":
+		return "openai"
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+// invokeVertex emits the model/vendor/session/prompt for a Vertex publisher
+// request, using the publisher's parser to read the (vendor-native) body.
+func (m middlewareImpl) invokeVertex(in *middleware.Input, vx vertexRequest) *middleware.Output {
+	out := &middleware.Output{Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow}
+	vendor := vertexPublisherVendor(vx.publisher)
+
+	md := []middleware.KV{}
+	if vendor != "" {
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: vendor})
+	}
+	md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: vx.model})
+	md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMStream, Value: strconv.FormatBool(vx.stream)})
+
+	var parser llm.Parser
+	if vendor != "" {
+		parser, _ = llm.ParserByName(vendor)
+	}
+
+	sessionID := sessionIDFromHeaders(in.Headers)
+	if sessionID == "" && parser != nil {
+		sessionID = parser.ExtractSessionID(in.Body)
+	}
+	if sessionID != "" {
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMSessionID, Value: sessionID})
+	}
+	md = appendAgentIDs(md, in.Headers)
+
+	promptTruncated := false
+	if parser != nil && m.capturePrompt {
+		var prompt string
+		prompt, promptTruncated = truncatePrompt(parser.ExtractPrompt(in.Body))
+		if prompt != "" {
+			if m.redactPii {
+				prompt = llm_guardrail.RedactPII(prompt)
+				var rt bool
+				prompt, rt = truncatePrompt(prompt)
+				promptTruncated = promptTruncated || rt
+			}
+			md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw, Value: prompt})
+		}
+	}
+	md = appendCaptureTruncated(md, promptTruncated, in.BodyTruncated)
+	out.Metadata = md
+	return out
+}
+
+// bedrockRequest is the model + streaming flag extracted from an AWS Bedrock
+// model path. The InvokeModel vs Converse distinction is recovered downstream
+// from the response body shape, so only the streaming flag is carried here.
+type bedrockRequest struct {
+	model  string
+	stream bool
+}
+
+// bedrockNamespacePrefix is an optional gateway-namespace prefix some clients
+// put before the native Bedrock path to disambiguate it from other providers
+// that also use "/model/...".
+const bedrockNamespacePrefix = "/bedrock"
+
+// trimBedrockNamespace removes an optional "/bedrock" namespace prefix, leaving
+// the native Bedrock path ("/model/...").
+func trimBedrockNamespace(reqPath string) string {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, bedrockNamespacePrefix+"/") {
+		return strings.TrimPrefix(reqPath, bedrockNamespacePrefix)
+	}
+	return reqPath
+}
+
+// parseBedrockPath extracts the model and streaming/converse flags from an AWS
+// Bedrock runtime model endpoint:
+//
+//	/model/{modelId}/{action}
+//
+// action ∈ {invoke, invoke-with-response-stream, converse, converse-stream,
+// count-tokens}. Token counting carries a model and no usage, so it routes
+// like any other action and meters to zero.
+// The modelId may be URL-encoded and may carry a cross-region inference-profile
+// prefix and a version suffix; normalizeBedrockModel strips both so the model
+// matches catalog pricing.
+func parseBedrockPath(reqPath string) (bedrockRequest, bool) {
+	reqPath = trimBedrockNamespace(reqPath)
+	const prefix = "/model/"
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, prefix) {
+		return bedrockRequest{}, false
+	}
+	rest := reqPath[len(prefix):]
+	slash := strings.LastIndex(rest, "/")
+	if slash <= 0 || slash == len(rest)-1 {
+		return bedrockRequest{}, false
+	}
+	rawModel, action := rest[:slash], rest[slash+1:]
+	if decoded, err := url.PathUnescape(rawModel); err == nil {
+		rawModel = decoded
+	}
+	model := llm.NormalizeBedrockModel(rawModel)
+	if model == "" {
+		return bedrockRequest{}, false
+	}
+	switch action {
+	case "invoke", "converse", "count-tokens":
+		return bedrockRequest{model: model}, true
+	case "invoke-with-response-stream", "converse-stream":
+		return bedrockRequest{model: model, stream: true}, true
+	default:
+		return bedrockRequest{}, false
+	}
+}
+
+// invokeBedrock emits the model/provider/session/prompt for an AWS Bedrock
+// request. Bedrock is metered under the dedicated "bedrock" parser, which reads
+// both the InvokeModel and Converse response shapes.
+func (m middlewareImpl) invokeBedrock(in *middleware.Input, br bedrockRequest) *middleware.Output {
+	out := &middleware.Output{Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow}
+	md := []middleware.KV{
+		{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: llm.ProviderNameBedrock},
+		{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: br.model},
+		{Key: middleware.KeyLLMStream, Value: strconv.FormatBool(br.stream)},
+	}
+
+	parser, _ := llm.ParserByName(llm.ProviderNameBedrock)
+	sessionID := sessionIDFromHeaders(in.Headers)
+	if sessionID == "" && parser != nil {
+		sessionID = parser.ExtractSessionID(in.Body)
+	}
+	if sessionID != "" {
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMSessionID, Value: sessionID})
+	}
+	md = appendAgentIDs(md, in.Headers)
+
+	promptTruncated := false
+	if parser != nil && m.capturePrompt {
+		var prompt string
+		prompt, promptTruncated = truncatePrompt(parser.ExtractPrompt(in.Body))
+		if prompt != "" {
+			if m.redactPii {
+				prompt = llm_guardrail.RedactPII(prompt)
+				var rt bool
+				prompt, rt = truncatePrompt(prompt)
+				promptTruncated = promptTruncated || rt
+			}
+			md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw, Value: prompt})
+		}
+	}
+	md = appendCaptureTruncated(md, promptTruncated, in.BodyTruncated)
+	out.Metadata = md
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d8517860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser/middleware_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
+package llm_request_parser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+func metaValue(t *testing.T, kvs []middleware.KV, key string) (string, bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func newMiddleware(t *testing.T) middleware.Middleware {
+	t.Helper()
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "factory must accept nil config")
+	return mw
+}
+
+func TestMiddleware_StaticSurface(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	assert.Equal(t, ID, mw.ID(), "ID must match the registered constant")
+	assert.Equal(t, Version, mw.Version(), "Version must match the constant")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnRequest, mw.Slot(), "must run in the request slot")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"application/json"}, mw.AcceptedContentTypes(), "only JSON bodies are needed")
+	assert.False(t, mw.MutationsSupported(), "request parser never mutates")
+	assert.NoError(t, mw.Close(), "Close on stateless middleware is a no-op")
+
+	keys := mw.MetadataKeys()
+	expected := []string{
+		middleware.KeyLLMProvider,
+		middleware.KeyLLMModel,
+		middleware.KeyLLMStream,
+		middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw,
+		middleware.KeyLLMCaptureTruncated,
+		middleware.KeyLLMSessionID,
+		middleware.KeyLLMAgentID,
+		middleware.KeyLLMParentAgentID,
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, keys, "metadata key allowlist must match the spec")
+}
+
+func TestFactory_AcceptsEmptyAndJSONConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := [][]byte{nil, {}, []byte("null"), []byte("{}"), []byte("   ")}
+	for _, raw := range cases {
+		mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "empty/null/object config must be accepted")
+		require.NotNil(t, mw, "factory must return a middleware instance")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFactory_RejectsMalformedConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte("{not json"))
+	require.Error(t, err, "malformed config must surface at construction")
+	assert.Nil(t, mw, "no instance is returned on error")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_OpenAIBufferedChatCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","stream":false,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"Hello, world!"}]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/v1/chat/completions",
+		Body: body,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out, "output must be returned")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "request parser always allows")
+
+	provider, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	require.True(t, ok, "provider metadata must be set")
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai", provider, "OpenAI provider detected from path")
+
+	model, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+	require.True(t, ok, "model metadata must be set")
+	assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4o-mini", model, "model echoed from request body")
+
+	stream, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMStream)
+	require.True(t, ok, "stream metadata must be set")
+	assert.Equal(t, "false", stream, "buffered request reports stream=false")
+
+	prompt, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw)
+	require.True(t, ok, "prompt metadata must be set when extractable")
+	assert.Contains(t, prompt, "Hello, world!", "extracted prompt carries the user message")
+
+	truncated, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCaptureTruncated)
+	require.True(t, ok, "capture_truncated must always be emitted on success")
+	assert.Equal(t, "false", truncated, "no truncation on a small body")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_EmitsSessionID(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+
+	t.Run("codex session from client_metadata", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","client_metadata":{"session_id":"sess-codex-1"},"input":[]}`)
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{URL: "/v1/responses", Body: body})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		sid, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMSessionID)
+		require.True(t, ok, "session id must be emitted for Codex requests")
+		assert.Equal(t, "sess-codex-1", sid, "session id must come from client_metadata.session_id")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no session id key when absent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{URL: "/v1/chat/completions", Body: body})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMSessionID)
+		assert.False(t, ok, "no session id key emitted when the request carries none")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("claude code session header", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"claude-opus-4-8","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+			URL:     "/v1/messages",
+			Body:    body,
+			Headers: []middleware.KV{{Key: "X-Claude-Code-Session-Id", Value: "cc-sess-1"}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		sid, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMSessionID)
+		require.True(t, ok, "Claude Code session id must be read from X-Claude-Code-Session-Id")
+		assert.Equal(t, "cc-sess-1", sid, "session id must come from the Claude Code session header")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("codex Session-Id header", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Codex sends the session as the canonical header "Session-Id".
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","input":[]}`)
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+			URL:     "/v1/responses",
+			Body:    body,
+			Headers: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Session-Id", Value: "sess-hdr-1"}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		sid, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMSessionID)
+		require.True(t, ok, "session id must be read from the Session-Id header")
+		assert.Equal(t, "sess-hdr-1", sid, "session id must come from the Codex Session-Id header")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("header wins over body and survives bypassed body", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Oversized request: body was bypassed to a routing stub with no
+		// client_metadata, but the header still carries the session.
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+			URL:     "/v1/responses",
+			Body:    []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.5","stream":true}`),
+			Headers: []middleware.KV{{Key: "X-Session-Id", Value: "sess-hdr-2"}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		sid, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMSessionID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "sess-hdr-2", sid, "x-session-id header must be honoured when the body carries no marker")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_OpenAIStreamingChatCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","stream":true,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/v1/chat/completions",
+		Body: body,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	stream, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMStream)
+	require.True(t, ok, "stream metadata must be set")
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", stream, "stream flag echoed for SSE-bound request")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_AnthropicMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5","stream":false,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"What is the weather?"}]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/v1/messages",
+		Body: body,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	provider, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	require.True(t, ok, "provider metadata must be set")
+	assert.Equal(t, "anthropic", provider, "Anthropic provider detected from path")
+
+	model, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-sonnet-4-5", model, "anthropic model echoed")
+
+	prompt, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw)
+	require.True(t, ok, "prompt metadata must be set")
+	assert.Contains(t, prompt, "What is the weather?", "anthropic message text extracted")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_UnknownURLNoMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/healthz",
+		Body: []byte(`{"model":"x"}`),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "unknown paths still allow")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Metadata, "no metadata is emitted when no parser matches")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_ProviderIDConfigBypassesURLSniff(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{"provider_id":"openai"}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "factory must accept provider_id config")
+
+	// URL doesn't match any of the OpenAI path hints — the provider_id
+	// config is the only signal the middleware has.
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/custom/gateway/foo/bar",
+		Body: []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"Hi"}]}`),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+
+	provider, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	require.True(t, ok, "provider must be emitted when provider_id is configured even on unknown URLs")
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai", provider, "provider_id config selects the OpenAI parser")
+
+	model, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+	require.True(t, ok, "model still extracted from the body")
+	assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4o-mini", model)
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_PathSurfaceBeatsProviderIDConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	// Gateway records (LiteLLM, Portkey, OpenRouter) pin provider_id
+	// "openai", but the same record serves Claude Code on /v1/messages.
+	// Parsing that body as OpenAI reads no usage off the Anthropic
+	// response and prices the request on a surface where no claude-*
+	// model exists, so the path has to win.
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{"provider_id":"openai"}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "factory must accept provider_id config")
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/v1/messages",
+		Body: []byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-5","stream":true,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"Hi"}]}`),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+
+	provider, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	require.True(t, ok, "provider must be emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "anthropic", provider, "the /v1/messages path selects the Anthropic surface")
+
+	model, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+	require.True(t, ok, "model must be extracted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-sonnet-5", model)
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_UnknownProviderIDFallsBackToURL(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{"provider_id":"not-a-real-parser"}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err, "factory must accept any provider_id string")
+
+	// URL hits the OpenAI surface, so URL sniffing should still resolve
+	// even though the configured provider_id doesn't match a parser.
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/v1/chat/completions",
+		Body: []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini"}`),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+
+	provider, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	require.True(t, ok, "fallback URL sniffing must populate the provider")
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai", provider)
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_MalformedBodyAllowsWithProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/v1/chat/completions",
+		Body: []byte(`{not json`),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "malformed body must not error")
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "decision is always allow")
+
+	provider, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	require.True(t, ok, "provider metadata is emitted before body parse")
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai", provider, "provider stays even when body parse fails")
+
+	_, hasModel := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+	assert.False(t, hasModel, "no model metadata when parse fails")
+
+	truncated, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCaptureTruncated)
+	require.True(t, ok, "capture_truncated is emitted on parse error path")
+	assert.Equal(t, "false", truncated, "no truncation marker without truncated body or prompt")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_TruncatesLongPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	long := strings.Repeat("x", maxPromptBytes*2)
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"` + long + `"}]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/v1/chat/completions",
+		Body: body,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	prompt, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw)
+	require.True(t, ok, "prompt metadata must be set")
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(prompt), maxPromptBytes, "prompt must respect the byte budget")
+
+	truncated, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCaptureTruncated)
+	require.True(t, ok, "capture_truncated must be set")
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", truncated, "truncation marker raised when prompt is clipped")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_TruncatesOnRuneBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	// Each ☃ is 3 bytes in UTF-8; build a string whose byte length exceeds
+	// maxPromptBytes with snowmen straddling the cut point.
+	rune3 := "☃"
+	repeats := (maxPromptBytes / len(rune3)) + 5
+	long := strings.Repeat(rune3, repeats)
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"` + long + `"}]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:  "/v1/chat/completions",
+		Body: body,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	prompt, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw)
+	require.True(t, ok, "prompt metadata must be set")
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(prompt), maxPromptBytes, "prompt must respect the byte budget")
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(prompt, rune3) || !strings.ContainsRune(prompt[len(prompt)-1:], 0xFFFD),
+		"truncation must not split a multi-byte rune")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_BodyTruncatedRaisesCaptureTruncated(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`)
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+		URL:           "/v1/chat/completions",
+		Body:          body,
+		BodyTruncated: true,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	truncated, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCaptureTruncated)
+	require.True(t, ok, "capture_truncated must be set")
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", truncated, "BodyTruncated input flips the marker even when prompt fits")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_RedactPii_RedactsBeforeEmittingRawPrompt covers the GC contract:
+// when the synthesiser sets redact_pii=true on the parser config, the value
+// emitted as llm.request_prompt_raw must already be redacted, so the
+// access-log row never carries raw emails / SSNs / phones — even though the
+// downstream llm_guardrail middleware also runs.
+func TestInvoke_RedactPii_RedactsBeforeEmittingRawPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{"redact_pii":true}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","stream":false,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"contact alice.johnson@example.com SSN 123-45-6789 phone (202) 555-0147 and bob 202/555/0108"}]}`)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{URL: "/v1/chat/completions", Body: body})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+
+	raw, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw)
+	require.True(t, ok, "raw prompt key must still be emitted")
+	assert.Contains(t, raw, "[REDACTED:email]", "email must be redacted before emit")
+	assert.Contains(t, raw, "[REDACTED:ssn]", "ssn must be redacted before emit")
+	assert.Contains(t, raw, "[REDACTED:phone]", "phone must be redacted before emit")
+	assert.NotContains(t, raw, "alice.johnson@example.com", "raw email must not survive")
+	assert.NotContains(t, raw, "123-45-6789", "raw SSN must not survive")
+	assert.NotContains(t, raw, "(202) 555-0147", "parenthesised phone must not survive")
+	assert.NotContains(t, raw, "202/555/0108", "slash-separated phone must not survive")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_CapturePromptOff_DoesNotEmitRawPrompt covers the contract for
+// the account-level enable_prompt_collection toggle: when the synthesiser sets
+// capture_prompt=false (operator hasn't opted in to prompt content), the
+// parser MUST NOT emit llm.request_prompt_raw at all — otherwise the access
+// log carries the user's input even though log collection is meant to be
+// metadata-only (provider, model, tokens, cost). The other facts the parser
+// emits (provider, model, stream, capture_truncated) stay.
+func TestInvoke_CapturePromptOff_DoesNotEmitRawPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{"capture_prompt":false}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"contact alice@example.com SSN 123-45-6789"}]}`)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{URL: "/v1/chat/completions", Body: body})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+
+	_, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "llm.request_prompt_raw must NOT be emitted when capture_prompt is false")
+	// Non-content facts must still flow.
+	_, ok = metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+	assert.True(t, ok, "model fact must still be emitted")
+	_, ok = metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	assert.True(t, ok, "provider fact must still be emitted")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_CapturePromptUnset_PreservesLegacyEmission documents the default
+// behavior: an empty / legacy config (no capture_prompt field) keeps the
+// existing emission, so non-agent-network callers and pre-toggle tests don't
+// suddenly lose data.
+func TestInvoke_CapturePromptUnset_PreservesLegacyEmission(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hello"}]}`)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{URL: "/v1/chat/completions", Body: body})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw)
+	assert.True(t, ok, "absent capture_prompt must preserve emission (backwards-compatible default)")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_RedactPii_OffShipsRawPrompt is the inverse: when redact_pii is
+// false (default) the operator opted out and the raw prompt is shipped
+// verbatim, so audit / debugging consumers still get the full body.
+func TestInvoke_RedactPii_OffShipsRawPrompt(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4o-mini","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"alice.johnson@example.com"}]}`)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{URL: "/v1/chat/completions", Body: body})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	raw, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Contains(t, raw, "alice.johnson@example.com", "redact off → raw email passes through")
+	assert.NotContains(t, raw, "[REDACTED:", "redact off → no markers")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_NilInputAllows(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "nil input must not panic or error")
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "nil input still allows")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Metadata, "nil input emits no metadata")
+}
+
+// TestParseVertexPath_CountTokensKeepsModel covers Vertex token counting,
+// where the method hangs off the model as its own path segment. Splitting
+// only on the final colon swallowed "/count-tokens" into the model id, so
+// the router saw a model no route could claim.
+func TestParseVertexPath_CountTokensKeepsModel(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		model  string
+		stream bool
+	}{
+		"/v1/projects/p/locations/global/publishers/anthropic/models/claude-sonnet-5:rawPredict":                       {model: "claude-sonnet-5"},
+		"/v1/projects/p/locations/global/publishers/anthropic/models/claude-sonnet-5:streamRawPredict":                 {model: "claude-sonnet-5", stream: true},
+		"/v1/projects/p/locations/global/publishers/anthropic/models/claude-sonnet-5/count-tokens:rawPredict":          {model: "claude-sonnet-5"},
+		"/v1/projects/p/locations/global/publishers/anthropic/models/claude-sonnet-5@20250929/count-tokens:rawPredict": {model: "claude-sonnet-5"},
+	}
+	for path, want := range cases {
+		vx, ok := parseVertexPath(path)
+		require.True(t, ok, "must parse %q", path)
+		assert.Equal(t, want.model, vx.model, "model for %q", path)
+		assert.Equal(t, want.stream, vx.stream, "stream flag for %q", path)
+		assert.Equal(t, "anthropic", vx.publisher, "publisher for %q", path)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_EmitsAgentIDs covers sub-agent attribution: several agents run
+// in parallel inside one session, and without their ids every request in
+// the session attributes to the session alone.
+func TestInvoke_EmitsAgentIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := newMiddleware(t)
+
+	t.Run("spawned agent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+			URL:  "/v1/messages",
+			Body: []byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-5","messages":[]}`),
+			Headers: []middleware.KV{
+				{Key: "X-Claude-Code-Session-Id", Value: "sess-1"},
+				{Key: "X-Claude-Code-Agent-Id", Value: "agent-7"},
+			},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		agent, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMAgentID)
+		require.True(t, ok, "the spawned agent's id must be emitted")
+		assert.Equal(t, "agent-7", agent)
+
+		_, ok = metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMParentAgentID)
+		assert.False(t, ok, "a top-level agent has no parent to emit")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nested agent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+			URL:  "/v1/messages",
+			Body: []byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-5","messages":[]}`),
+			Headers: []middleware.KV{
+				{Key: "X-Claude-Code-Agent-Id", Value: "agent-9"},
+				{Key: "X-Claude-Code-Parent-Agent-Id", Value: "agent-7"},
+			},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		agent, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMAgentID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "agent-9", agent)
+		parent, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMParentAgentID)
+		require.True(t, ok, "a nested agent must carry the spawning agent's id")
+		assert.Equal(t, "agent-7", parent)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("absent on a plain request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{
+			URL:  "/v1/messages",
+			Body: []byte(`{"model":"claude-sonnet-5","messages":[]}`),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		_, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMAgentID)
+		assert.False(t, ok, "no key is emitted when the client sends no agent id")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/factory.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/factory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7d634109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/factory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package llm_response_parser
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+)
+
+// Factory constructs configured Middleware instances for the registry.
+type Factory struct{}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (Factory) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// New decodes RawConfig (empty / null / "{}" all accepted) and returns
+// a configured Middleware. Construction never fails on a well-formed
+// empty config; only structurally invalid JSON is rejected.
+func (Factory) New(rawConfig []byte) (middleware.Middleware, error) {
+	cfg, err := decodeConfig(rawConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode config: %w", err)
+	}
+	return New(cfg), nil
+}
+
+func decodeConfig(raw []byte) (config, error) {
+	trimmed := bytes.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if len(trimmed) == 0 || bytes.Equal(trimmed, []byte("null")) {
+		return config{}, nil
+	}
+	var cfg config
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(trimmed, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return config{}, err
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	builtin.Register(Factory{})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/gzip_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/gzip_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..017153e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/gzip_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package llm_response_parser
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/flate"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"compress/zlib"
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// gzipBytes returns data gzip-compressed — the wire shape Anthropic
+// returns when the client (Claude Code) negotiated Accept-Encoding: gzip.
+func gzipBytes(t *testing.T, data []byte) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	w := gzip.NewWriter(&buf)
+	_, err := w.Write(data)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "gzip write must succeed")
+	require.NoError(t, w.Close(), "gzip close must succeed")
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_AnthropicStreaming_Gzip is the regression guard for the live
+// bug: Claude Code negotiates gzip, Anthropic gzips the SSE stream, the
+// proxy captures the compressed bytes, and the parser must decompress
+// before accumulating — otherwise token usage is silently dropped and
+// cost_meter skips with missing_tokens.
+func TestInvoke_AnthropicStreaming_Gzip(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := gzipBytes(t, loadFixture(t, "anthropic_stream.txt"))
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:   middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status: 200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"},
+			{Key: "Content-Encoding", Value: "gzip"},
+		},
+		RespBody: body,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-opus-4-8"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must not error on a gzip-encoded streaming body")
+
+	in123, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "input tokens must be emitted from a gzip SSE stream")
+	assert.Equal(t, "123", in123, "input tokens must survive gzip decompression")
+
+	outTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "45", outTok, "output tokens must survive gzip decompression")
+
+	totTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "168", totTok, "total tokens must survive gzip decompression")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_AnthropicBuffered_Gzip covers the non-streaming JSON path
+// under gzip — the same decode must happen before ParseResponse.
+func TestInvoke_AnthropicBuffered_Gzip(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := gzipBytes(t, loadFixture(t, "anthropic_messages.json"))
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:   middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status: 200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"},
+			{Key: "Content-Encoding", Value: "gzip"},
+		},
+		RespBody: body,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-opus-4-8"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must not error on a gzip-encoded buffered body")
+
+	_, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "input tokens must be emitted from a gzip JSON body")
+}
+
+// TestDecodeResponseBody covers the encoding matrix directly.
+func TestDecodeResponseBody(t *testing.T) {
+	plain := []byte(`{"hello":"world"}`)
+
+	t.Run("identity passthrough", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, plain, decodeResponseBody(plain, ""))
+		assert.Equal(t, plain, decodeResponseBody(plain, "identity"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("gzip", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, plain, decodeResponseBody(gzipBytes(t, plain), "gzip"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("gzip with multi-coding header takes outermost", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, plain, decodeResponseBody(gzipBytes(t, plain), "identity, gzip"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("deflate zlib-wrapped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		zw := zlib.NewWriter(&buf)
+		_, _ = zw.Write(plain)
+		_ = zw.Close()
+		assert.Equal(t, plain, decodeResponseBody(buf.Bytes(), "deflate"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("deflate raw flate fallback", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var buf bytes.Buffer
+		fw, _ := flate.NewWriter(&buf, flate.DefaultCompression)
+		_, _ = fw.Write(plain)
+		_ = fw.Close()
+		assert.Equal(t, plain, decodeResponseBody(buf.Bytes(), "deflate"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("gzip header but not actually gzip falls back to raw", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, plain, decodeResponseBody(plain, "gzip"))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown encoding (br) returns raw", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, plain, decodeResponseBody(plain, "br"))
+	})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/middleware.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a204460cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+// Package llm_response_parser implements the SlotOnResponse middleware
+// that decodes OpenAI- and Anthropic-shaped LLM responses (buffered or
+// streaming) and emits token usage and completion metadata. Provider
+// and model are read from the request-side metadata bag emitted by
+// llm_request_parser; without that context the middleware is a no-op.
+package llm_response_parser
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/flate"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"compress/zlib"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/llm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail"
+)
+
+// ID is the registry identifier for this middleware.
+const ID = "llm_response_parser"
+
+const version = "1.0.0"
+
+// maxCompletionBytes is the rune-safe cap applied to the extracted
+// completion text before emitting it as metadata.
+const maxCompletionBytes = 3500
+
+// maxDecodedBytes bounds the inflated size of a compressed response body
+// so a small gzip/deflate payload can't expand into a memory blow-up. The
+// captured input is already capped (per-direction body cap), so this only
+// bounds the decompression ratio; the parser is best-effort and tolerates a
+// truncated decode.
+const maxDecodedBytes = 16 << 20
+
+var (
+	acceptedContentTypes = []string{"application/json", "text/event-stream"}
+	metadataKeys         = []string{
+		middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens,
+		middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens,
+		middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens,
+		middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens,
+		middleware.KeyLLMCacheCreationTokens,
+		middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion,
+	}
+)
+
+// config is the wire-side configuration for this middleware. RedactPii, when
+// true, runs PII redaction on the extracted completion text BEFORE it is
+// emitted as llm.response_completion — keeping the access-log row free of
+// emails / SSNs / phone numbers the model itself generated. CaptureCompletion
+// gates emission of the completion key entirely: a nil pointer preserves
+// legacy emission (so callers without the toggle aren't broken), an explicit
+// false suppresses the key so the access-log row carries token / cost facts
+// only. Both are sourced by the synthesiser from the account's redact_pii
+// and enable_prompt_collection toggles respectively.
+type config struct {
+	RedactPii         bool  `json:"redact_pii,omitempty"`
+	CaptureCompletion *bool `json:"capture_completion,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Middleware implements middleware.Middleware.
+type Middleware struct {
+	parsers           []llm.Parser
+	redactPii         bool
+	captureCompletion bool
+}
+
+// New constructs a configured Middleware instance.
+func New(cfg config) *Middleware {
+	capture := true
+	if cfg.CaptureCompletion != nil {
+		capture = *cfg.CaptureCompletion
+	}
+	return &Middleware{parsers: llm.Parsers(), redactPii: cfg.RedactPii, captureCompletion: capture}
+}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (m *Middleware) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// Version returns the implementation version.
+func (m *Middleware) Version() string { return version }
+
+// Slot reports that the middleware runs after the upstream call.
+func (m *Middleware) Slot() middleware.Slot { return middleware.SlotOnResponse }
+
+// AcceptedContentTypes lists the response content types the middleware
+// inspects.
+func (m *Middleware) AcceptedContentTypes() []string {
+	return append([]string(nil), acceptedContentTypes...)
+}
+
+// MetadataKeys returns the closed allowlist of keys this middleware
+// may emit.
+func (m *Middleware) MetadataKeys() []string {
+	return append([]string(nil), metadataKeys...)
+}
+
+// MutationsSupported reports that this middleware never mutates the
+// response.
+func (m *Middleware) MutationsSupported() bool { return false }
+
+// Close releases any resources held by the middleware. The parser-set
+// is stateless so this is a no-op.
+func (m *Middleware) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// Invoke decodes the response body and emits token-usage and completion
+// metadata. The decision is always DecisionAllow; parse errors degrade
+// silently to omitted metadata rather than chain failures.
+func (m *Middleware) Invoke(_ context.Context, in *middleware.Input) (*middleware.Output, error) {
+	out := &middleware.Output{Decision: middleware.DecisionAllow}
+	if in == nil {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	provider := lookupKV(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	if provider == "" {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	parser := m.parserByName(provider)
+	if parser == nil {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+
+	// Upstreams compress the response when the client negotiated it
+	// (Claude Code sends Accept-Encoding: gzip). The transport leaves it
+	// compressed because the request carried an explicit Accept-Encoding,
+	// so the captured copy is gzip/deflate bytes — decompress it before
+	// parsing or token usage is silently lost. The forwarded client
+	// stream is untouched; this only affects our parse copy.
+	body := decodeResponseBody(in.RespBody, headerLookup(in.RespHeaders, "Content-Encoding"))
+
+	contentType := headerLookup(in.RespHeaders, "Content-Type")
+	switch {
+	case isEventStream(contentType), isAWSEventStream(contentType):
+		out.Metadata = m.invokeStreaming(parser, body)
+	case isJSON(contentType):
+		out.Metadata = m.invokeBuffered(parser, in, contentType, body)
+	}
+
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// invokeBuffered decodes a non-streaming JSON response body. Status
+// codes >= 400 short-circuit because providers don't include usage on
+// error responses.
+func (m *Middleware) invokeBuffered(parser llm.Parser, in *middleware.Input, contentType string, body []byte) []middleware.KV {
+	if in.Status >= 400 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var md []middleware.KV
+
+	usage, err := parser.ParseResponse(in.Status, contentType, body)
+	if err == nil {
+		md = appendUsage(md, usage)
+	}
+
+	if completion := truncateCompletion(parser.ExtractCompletion(in.Status, contentType, body)); completion != "" && m.captureCompletion {
+		if m.redactPii {
+			completion = llm_guardrail.RedactPII(completion)
+		}
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion, Value: completion})
+	}
+
+	return md
+}
+
+// invokeStreaming walks the buffered SSE prefix and accumulates token
+// deltas plus completion text. Truncated bodies are processed
+// best-effort; partial usage is preferred over no metadata.
+func (m *Middleware) invokeStreaming(parser llm.Parser, body []byte) []middleware.KV {
+	if len(body) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	usage, completion := accumulateStream(parser.ProviderName(), body)
+
+	var md []middleware.KV
+	if usage.InputTokens > 0 || usage.OutputTokens > 0 || usage.TotalTokens > 0 {
+		md = appendUsage(md, usage)
+	}
+	if c := truncateCompletion(completion); c != "" && m.captureCompletion {
+		if m.redactPii {
+			c = llm_guardrail.RedactPII(c)
+		}
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion, Value: c})
+	}
+	return md
+}
+
+// parserByName returns the parser matching the provider label emitted
+// by llm_request_parser, or nil when none claims it.
+func (m *Middleware) parserByName(name string) llm.Parser {
+	for _, p := range m.parsers {
+		if p.ProviderName() == name {
+			return p
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// appendUsage emits the three baseline token-count metadata keys plus
+// optional cached / cache-creation bucket counts when nonzero. Total
+// is computed when the provider omitted one but reported per-direction
+// counts; cache buckets are excluded from the legacy total because
+// llm.input_tokens already absorbs the OpenAI cached subset and the
+// sum-of-everything is a separate downstream concern.
+func appendUsage(md []middleware.KV, usage llm.Usage) []middleware.KV {
+	total := usage.TotalTokens
+	if total == 0 && (usage.InputTokens > 0 || usage.OutputTokens > 0) {
+		total = usage.InputTokens + usage.OutputTokens
+	}
+	md = append(md,
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens, Value: strconv.FormatInt(usage.InputTokens, 10)},
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens, Value: strconv.FormatInt(usage.OutputTokens, 10)},
+		middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens, Value: strconv.FormatInt(total, 10)},
+	)
+	if usage.CachedInputTokens > 0 {
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{
+			Key:   middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens,
+			Value: strconv.FormatInt(usage.CachedInputTokens, 10),
+		})
+	}
+	if usage.CacheCreationTokens > 0 {
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{
+			Key:   middleware.KeyLLMCacheCreationTokens,
+			Value: strconv.FormatInt(usage.CacheCreationTokens, 10),
+		})
+	}
+	return md
+}
+
+// truncateCompletion clamps an extracted completion to maxCompletionBytes.
+// The cut is rune-safe so we never split a multi-byte UTF-8 sequence.
+func truncateCompletion(s string) string {
+	if len(s) <= maxCompletionBytes {
+		return s
+	}
+	cut := maxCompletionBytes
+	for cut > 0 && !utf8.RuneStart(s[cut]) {
+		cut--
+	}
+	return s[:cut]
+}
+
+func lookupKV(kvs []middleware.KV, key string) string {
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func headerLookup(h []middleware.KV, name string) string {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(name)
+	for _, kv := range h {
+		if strings.ToLower(kv.Key) == lower {
+			return kv.Value
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func isEventStream(contentType string) bool {
+	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(contentType), "text/event-stream")
+}
+
+// isAWSEventStream reports whether contentType is the AWS binary event-stream
+// framing used by Bedrock's streaming endpoints.
+func isAWSEventStream(contentType string) bool {
+	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(contentType), "application/vnd.amazon.eventstream")
+}
+
+func isJSON(contentType string) bool {
+	lower := strings.ToLower(contentType)
+	return strings.Contains(lower, "application/json") || strings.Contains(lower, "+json")
+}
+
+// decodeResponseBody returns body decompressed per its Content-Encoding,
+// or the original bytes when the encoding is identity, unrecognised
+// (e.g. br — no stdlib decoder), or the body isn't actually compressed.
+// Decoding is best-effort: a truncated stream (capture hit the byte cap)
+// yields the decompressed prefix rather than an error, which is enough to
+// recover the leading message_start usage on Anthropic SSE.
+func decodeResponseBody(body []byte, contentEncoding string) []byte {
+	enc := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(contentEncoding))
+	// Content-Encoding may list multiple codings; the last applied is
+	// the outermost on the wire.
+	if idx := strings.LastIndex(enc, ","); idx >= 0 {
+		enc = strings.TrimSpace(enc[idx+1:])
+	}
+	switch enc {
+	case "", "identity":
+		return body
+	case "gzip", "x-gzip":
+		zr, err := gzip.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(body))
+		if err != nil {
+			return body
+		}
+		defer zr.Close()
+		if out := readCapped(zr); len(out) > 0 {
+			return out
+		}
+		return body
+	case "deflate":
+		// "deflate" on the wire is usually zlib-wrapped; fall back to raw
+		// flate when there's no zlib header.
+		if zr, err := zlib.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(body)); err == nil {
+			defer zr.Close()
+			if out := readCapped(zr); len(out) > 0 {
+				return out
+			}
+			return body
+		}
+		fr := flate.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(body))
+		defer fr.Close()
+		if out := readCapped(fr); len(out) > 0 {
+			return out
+		}
+		return body
+	default:
+		return body
+	}
+}
+
+// readCapped reads at most maxDecodedBytes from r, discarding any excess.
+// Best-effort: a read error returns whatever was decoded so far, which is
+// enough for the parser to recover leading usage events.
+func readCapped(r io.Reader) []byte {
+	out, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(r, maxDecodedBytes))
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/middleware_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..084118802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/middleware_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+package llm_response_parser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+func loadFixture(t *testing.T, name string) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	root, err := os.Getwd()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "must resolve cwd to locate fixture")
+
+	dir := root
+	for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
+		candidate := filepath.Join(dir, "proxy", "internal", "llm", "fixtures", name)
+		if data, err := os.ReadFile(candidate); err == nil {
+			return data
+		}
+		parent := filepath.Dir(dir)
+		if parent == dir {
+			break
+		}
+		dir = parent
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("fixture %q not found relative to %q", name, root)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func metaValue(kvs []middleware.KV, key string) (string, bool) {
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func newTestMiddleware(t *testing.T) *Middleware {
+	t.Helper()
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "factory must accept empty config")
+	concrete, ok := mw.(*Middleware)
+	require.True(t, ok, "factory must return *Middleware")
+	return concrete
+}
+
+func TestMiddleware_StaticSurface(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	assert.Equal(t, ID, m.ID(), "ID must match registry constant")
+	assert.Equal(t, "1.0.0", m.Version(), "Version must be 1.0.0")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnResponse, m.Slot(), "Slot must be SlotOnResponse")
+	assert.False(t, m.MutationsSupported(), "response parser does not mutate")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t,
+		[]string{"application/json", "text/event-stream"},
+		m.AcceptedContentTypes(),
+		"AcceptedContentTypes must list JSON and SSE",
+	)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t,
+		[]string{
+			middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens,
+			middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens,
+			middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens,
+			middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens,
+			middleware.KeyLLMCacheCreationTokens,
+			middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion,
+		},
+		m.MetadataKeys(),
+		"MetadataKeys must be the documented response-side keys, including the optional cache buckets emitted only when nonzero",
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, m.Close(), "Close must be a no-op")
+}
+
+func TestFactory_AcceptsEmptyAndNullConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, raw := range map[string][]byte{
+		"nil":   nil,
+		"empty": {},
+		"null":  []byte("null"),
+		"obj":   []byte("{}"),
+		"ws":    []byte("   "),
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "factory must accept %s config", name)
+			require.NotNil(t, mw, "factory must return middleware for %s", name)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFactory_RejectsMalformedJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := Factory{}.New([]byte("not-json"))
+	require.Error(t, err, "malformed config must surface a decode error")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_OpenAIBuffered(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := loadFixture(t, "openai_chat_completion.json")
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o-mini"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must not error on a valid buffered response")
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "decision must be Allow")
+
+	in123, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "input tokens must be emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "123", in123, "input tokens must match fixture prompt_tokens")
+
+	outTok, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "output tokens must be emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "45", outTok, "output tokens must match fixture completion_tokens")
+
+	totTok, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "total tokens must be emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "168", totTok, "total tokens must match fixture")
+
+	completion, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	require.True(t, ok, "completion must be emitted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello, world!", completion, "completion text must match fixture")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_AnthropicBuffered(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := loadFixture(t, "anthropic_messages.json")
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must not error on a valid buffered response")
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "decision must be Allow")
+
+	in123, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "123", in123, "input tokens must match anthropic fixture")
+
+	outTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "45", outTok, "output tokens must match anthropic fixture")
+
+	totTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "168", totTok, "total tokens must be input+output for anthropic")
+
+	completion, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	require.True(t, ok, "completion must be emitted for anthropic")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello, world!", completion, "completion text must match fixture")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_OpenAICachedTokensSurfaceOnMetadata covers the
+// end-to-end path from the JSON usage block to the
+// llm.cached_input_tokens metadata key the cost meter consumes.
+// llm.cache_creation_tokens is NOT emitted for OpenAI because
+// OpenAI has no cache_creation analogue.
+func TestInvoke_OpenAICachedTokensSurfaceOnMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := []byte(`{"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1024,"completion_tokens":200,"total_tokens":1224,"prompt_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":768}}}`)
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	cached, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cached_input_tokens must land on the bag when the OpenAI response carries cached_tokens")
+	assert.Equal(t, "768", cached)
+
+	_, hasCreation := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCacheCreationTokens)
+	assert.False(t, hasCreation, "cache_creation_tokens must NOT be emitted for OpenAI — no analogue in the OpenAI shape")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_AnthropicCacheBucketsSurfaceOnMetadata covers the
+// Anthropic shape: both cache_read and cache_creation values flow
+// onto the metadata bag so the cost meter can apply per-bucket
+// rates.
+func TestInvoke_AnthropicCacheBucketsSurfaceOnMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := []byte(`{"usage":{"input_tokens":256,"output_tokens":200,"cache_read_input_tokens":768,"cache_creation_input_tokens":512}}`)
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cached, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cache_read_input_tokens lands under cached_input_tokens — same key carries OpenAI cached subset and Anthropic cache reads, meter switches formula on provider")
+	assert.Equal(t, "768", cached)
+
+	creation, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCacheCreationTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cache_creation_input_tokens lands under cache_creation_tokens for Anthropic")
+	assert.Equal(t, "512", creation)
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_NoProviderMetadata_NoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    loadFixture(t, "openai_chat_completion.json"),
+	}
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "missing provider metadata is not an error")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "decision must be Allow")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Metadata, "no metadata when provider context is missing")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_UnknownProvider_NoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    loadFixture(t, "openai_chat_completion.json"),
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "cohere"}},
+	}
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "unknown provider must not surface an error")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Metadata, "unknown providers emit no metadata")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_ErrorStatus_NoUsageEmitted(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      500,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    []byte(`{"error":{"message":"upstream blew up"}}`),
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"}},
+	}
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "error responses must not surface as middleware error")
+	_, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "no usage metadata on >=400 responses")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_NonInspectedContentType_NoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "text/plain"}},
+		RespBody:    []byte("not json"),
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"}},
+	}
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must tolerate non-inspected content types")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Metadata, "no metadata for non-JSON, non-SSE bodies")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_NilInput(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "nil input must not error")
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "decision must be Allow even on nil input")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Metadata, "no metadata for nil input")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_CompletionTruncatedAt3500Bytes(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	long := strings.Repeat("x", 5000)
+	body := []byte(`{"id":"x","choices":[{"message":{"role":"assistant","content":"` + long + `"}}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1,"completion_tokens":1,"total_tokens":2}}`)
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"}},
+	}
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "long-completion body must parse cleanly")
+
+	completion, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	require.True(t, ok, "completion must be emitted for long body")
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, len(completion), maxCompletionBytes, "completion must be truncated to <=3500 bytes")
+	assert.Equal(t, maxCompletionBytes, len(completion), "completion must be truncated exactly at the cap when input is ASCII and longer")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_RedactPii_RedactsCompletionBeforeEmit covers the GC contract on
+// the response leg: when the synthesiser sets redact_pii=true, the value
+// emitted as llm.response_completion must already be redacted, so the
+// access-log row never carries raw emails / SSNs / phones the model generated.
+// Without this, the response side leaked dozens of raw PII tokens per request.
+func TestInvoke_RedactPii_RedactsCompletionBeforeEmit(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{"redact_pii":true}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	piiCompletion := "Sample record: Alice Johnson, alice.johnson@example.com, SSN 123-45-6789, phone (202) 555-0147. Bob: 202/555/0108."
+	body := []byte(`{"id":"x","choices":[{"message":{"role":"assistant","content":"` + piiCompletion + `"}}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":10,"completion_tokens":50,"total_tokens":60}}`)
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"}},
+	}
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+
+	completion, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	require.True(t, ok, "completion key must be emitted")
+	assert.Contains(t, completion, "[REDACTED:email]", "email must be redacted before emit")
+	assert.Contains(t, completion, "[REDACTED:ssn]", "ssn must be redacted before emit")
+	assert.Contains(t, completion, "[REDACTED:phone]", "phone must be redacted before emit")
+	assert.NotContains(t, completion, "alice.johnson@example.com", "raw email must not survive")
+	assert.NotContains(t, completion, "123-45-6789", "raw SSN must not survive")
+	assert.NotContains(t, completion, "(202) 555-0147", "parens-phone must not survive")
+	assert.NotContains(t, completion, "202/555/0108", "slash-phone must not survive")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_CaptureCompletionOff_DoesNotEmitCompletion mirrors the request
+// parser test: when capture_completion=false (operator has enable_prompt_
+// collection off), llm.response_completion MUST NOT appear in the access log.
+// The token / cost / usage facts the response parser also emits stay so
+// operators still get billing data on log-only mode.
+func TestInvoke_CaptureCompletionOff_DoesNotEmitCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{"capture_completion":false}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	body := []byte(`{"id":"x","choices":[{"message":{"role":"assistant","content":"alice@example.com 123-45-6789"}}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":10,"completion_tokens":20,"total_tokens":30}}`)
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"}},
+	}
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "llm.response_completion must NOT be emitted when capture_completion is false")
+
+	// Token facts must still flow.
+	_, ok = metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	assert.True(t, ok, "input tokens fact must still be emitted")
+	_, ok = metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens)
+	assert.True(t, ok, "output tokens fact must still be emitted")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_CaptureCompletionUnset_PreservesLegacyEmission documents the
+// default behavior: empty config keeps emitting completion, so callers
+// without the toggle aren't broken.
+func TestInvoke_CaptureCompletionUnset_PreservesLegacyEmission(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New([]byte(`{}`))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	body := []byte(`{"id":"x","choices":[{"message":{"role":"assistant","content":"hello"}}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1,"completion_tokens":1,"total_tokens":2}}`)
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"}},
+	}
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	assert.True(t, ok, "absent capture_completion must preserve emission (backwards-compatible default)")
+}
+
+// TestInvoke_RedactPii_OffShipsRawCompletion covers the inverse: with
+// redact_pii=false (default) the model output is shipped verbatim.
+func TestInvoke_RedactPii_OffShipsRawCompletion(t *testing.T) {
+	mw, err := Factory{}.New(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	body := []byte(`{"id":"x","choices":[{"message":{"role":"assistant","content":"alice@example.com 123-45-6789"}}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":1,"completion_tokens":1,"total_tokens":2}}`)
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "application/json"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"}},
+	}
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	completion, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Contains(t, completion, "alice@example.com", "redact off → raw email passes through")
+	assert.Contains(t, completion, "123-45-6789", "redact off → raw SSN passes through")
+	assert.NotContains(t, completion, "[REDACTED:", "redact off → no markers")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_CompletionTruncationRuneSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	rune4 := "\xf0\x9f\x98\x80" // 4-byte emoji
+	body := strings.Repeat("a", maxCompletionBytes-1) + rune4
+	require.Greater(t, len(body), maxCompletionBytes, "test setup must exceed the cap")
+
+	got := truncateCompletion(body)
+	assert.True(t, len(got) < maxCompletionBytes, "truncated bytes must drop the partial rune entirely")
+	assert.NotContains(t, got, "\x80", "truncated text must not end on a continuation byte")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/responses_stream_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/responses_stream_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0475b8cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/responses_stream_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package llm_response_parser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// TestInvoke_OpenAIResponsesStreaming is the regression guard for the live
+// bug where Codex hits /v1/responses (the OpenAI Responses API), whose SSE
+// shape differs from chat.completions: completion text rides
+// response.output_text.delta and usage rides response.completed under
+// response.usage. The old parser only knew the chat.completions shape, so
+// resp_meta came back empty (no tokens, no cost).
+func TestInvoke_OpenAIResponsesStreaming(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := loadFixture(t, "openai_responses_stream.txt")
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "text/event-stream; charset=utf-8"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-5.5"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must not error on a Responses-API streaming body")
+
+	inTok, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "input tokens must be emitted from a Responses-API stream")
+	assert.Equal(t, "123", inTok, "input_tokens must come from response.completed usage")
+
+	outTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "45", outTok, "output_tokens must come from response.completed usage")
+
+	totTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "168", totTok, "total_tokens must come from response.completed usage")
+
+	cached, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMCachedInputTokens)
+	require.True(t, ok, "cached input tokens must surface from input_tokens_details")
+	assert.Equal(t, "40", cached, "cached_tokens subset must surface for cost discounting")
+
+	completion, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	require.True(t, ok, "completion must be emitted for Responses-API streams")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello, world!", completion, "output_text.delta events must concatenate")
+}
+
+// TestAccumulateOpenAIStream_ResponsesNoUsage confirms that a Responses-API
+// stream with text but no terminal usage frame still yields the completion
+// and leaves tokens at zero rather than erroring.
+func TestAccumulateOpenAIStream_ResponsesNoUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`event: response.output_text.delta
+data: {"type":"response.output_text.delta","delta":"partial"}
+
+`)
+
+	usage, completion := accumulateOpenAIStream(body)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), usage.InputTokens, "no usage frame leaves input tokens at zero")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), usage.OutputTokens, "no usage frame leaves output tokens at zero")
+	assert.Equal(t, "partial", completion, "output_text deltas accumulate even without a usage frame")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6462ab4ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming.go
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+package llm_response_parser
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/llm"
+)
+
+// openAIDoneSentinel is the OpenAI end-of-stream marker. The scanner
+// stops once this data frame is observed.
+const openAIDoneSentinel = "[DONE]"
+
+// accumulateStream walks the SSE byte slice, dispatches per provider,
+// and returns the running token-usage and concatenated completion text.
+// Errors from the scanner short-circuit accumulation but never panic
+// — partial results are returned for truncated bodies.
+func accumulateStream(provider string, body []byte) (llm.Usage, string) {
+	switch provider {
+	case "openai":
+		return accumulateOpenAIStream(body)
+	case "anthropic":
+		return accumulateAnthropicStream(body)
+	case llm.ProviderNameBedrock:
+		return accumulateBedrockStream(body)
+	default:
+		return llm.Usage{}, ""
+	}
+}
+
+// openAIStreamUsage is the usage block shared by both OpenAI streaming
+// envelopes. Pointer fields tell "absent" from zero; the chat.completions
+// (prompt_/completion_) and Responses-API (input_/output_) names are both
+// accepted so a single decode covers either endpoint.
+type openAIStreamUsage struct {
+	PromptTokens        *int64 `json:"prompt_tokens"`
+	CompletionTokens    *int64 `json:"completion_tokens"`
+	InputTokens         *int64 `json:"input_tokens"`
+	OutputTokens        *int64 `json:"output_tokens"`
+	TotalTokens         *int64 `json:"total_tokens"`
+	PromptTokensDetails *struct {
+		CachedTokens *int64 `json:"cached_tokens"`
+	} `json:"prompt_tokens_details"`
+	InputTokensDetails *struct {
+		CachedTokens *int64 `json:"cached_tokens"`
+	} `json:"input_tokens_details"`
+}
+
+// openAIStreamChunk matches both OpenAI streaming envelopes. The
+// chat.completions chunk carries text in choices[].delta.content and a
+// trailing top-level usage block. The Responses API (/v1/responses) emits
+// typed events instead: completion text rides response.output_text.delta
+// (top-level "delta" string) and the final usage rides response.completed
+// under response.usage. Only fields used for accumulation are declared.
+type openAIStreamChunk struct {
+	Choices []struct {
+		Delta struct {
+			Content string `json:"content"`
+		} `json:"delta"`
+	} `json:"choices"`
+	Usage *openAIStreamUsage `json:"usage"`
+
+	Type     string          `json:"type"`
+	Delta    json.RawMessage `json:"delta"`
+	Response *struct {
+		Usage *openAIStreamUsage `json:"usage"`
+	} `json:"response"`
+}
+
+// accumulateOpenAIStream sums per-chunk content deltas and lifts the usage
+// block off the final frame, handling both the chat.completions and the
+// Responses-API event shapes. Clients without stream_options.include_usage
+// (chat.completions) and any provider that omits the final usage simply
+// leave tokens at zero; the caller chooses what to emit.
+func accumulateOpenAIStream(body []byte) (llm.Usage, string) {
+	var (
+		usage      llm.Usage
+		completion strings.Builder
+	)
+	scanner := llm.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(body))
+	for {
+		ev, err := scanner.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if ev.Data == openAIDoneSentinel {
+			break
+		}
+		if ev.Data == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var chunk openAIStreamChunk
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(ev.Data), &chunk); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, c := range chunk.Choices {
+			completion.WriteString(c.Delta.Content)
+		}
+		if chunk.Type == "response.output_text.delta" {
+			if s, ok := decodeJSONString(chunk.Delta); ok {
+				completion.WriteString(s)
+			}
+		}
+
+		u := chunk.Usage
+		if u == nil && chunk.Response != nil {
+			u = chunk.Response.Usage
+		}
+		applyOpenAIStreamUsage(u, &usage)
+	}
+	return usage, completion.String()
+}
+
+// applyOpenAIStreamUsage lifts the token counts off a final-frame usage
+// block into the running usage, normalising the chat.completions
+// (prompt_/completion_) and Responses-API (input_/output_) names and
+// backfilling total tokens when the provider omits them.
+func applyOpenAIStreamUsage(u *openAIStreamUsage, usage *llm.Usage) {
+	if u == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	usage.InputTokens = pickInt64(u.InputTokens, u.PromptTokens)
+	usage.OutputTokens = pickInt64(u.OutputTokens, u.CompletionTokens)
+	usage.TotalTokens = derefInt64(u.TotalTokens)
+	if u.InputTokensDetails != nil {
+		if v := derefInt64(u.InputTokensDetails.CachedTokens); v > 0 {
+			usage.CachedInputTokens = v
+		}
+	}
+	if usage.CachedInputTokens == 0 && u.PromptTokensDetails != nil {
+		usage.CachedInputTokens = derefInt64(u.PromptTokensDetails.CachedTokens)
+	}
+	if usage.TotalTokens == 0 && (usage.InputTokens > 0 || usage.OutputTokens > 0) {
+		usage.TotalTokens = usage.InputTokens + usage.OutputTokens
+	}
+}
+
+// decodeJSONString unmarshals a JSON-encoded string value, returning
+// ok=false when the raw message is empty or not a string.
+func decodeJSONString(raw json.RawMessage) (string, bool) {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	var s string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &s); err != nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return s, true
+}
+
+// anthropicStreamEvent captures the union of Messages-API stream event
+// payloads we care about. Each named event on the wire fills only its
+// shape's fields; unknown keys are ignored.
+type anthropicStreamUsage struct {
+	InputTokens              *int64 `json:"input_tokens"`
+	OutputTokens             *int64 `json:"output_tokens"`
+	CacheReadInputTokens     *int64 `json:"cache_read_input_tokens"`
+	CacheCreationInputTokens *int64 `json:"cache_creation_input_tokens"`
+}
+
+type anthropicStreamEvent struct {
+	Type    string `json:"type"`
+	Message *struct {
+		Usage *anthropicStreamUsage `json:"usage"`
+	} `json:"message"`
+	Delta *struct {
+		Type string `json:"type"`
+		Text string `json:"text"`
+	} `json:"delta"`
+	Usage *anthropicStreamUsage `json:"usage"`
+}
+
+// accumulateAnthropicStream tracks input_tokens from message_start,
+// output_tokens from message_delta, and concatenates text_delta payloads
+// from content_block_delta events. Final usage prefers message_delta
+// values which carry the post-completion totals.
+func accumulateAnthropicStream(body []byte) (llm.Usage, string) {
+	var (
+		usage      llm.Usage
+		completion strings.Builder
+	)
+	scanner := llm.NewScanner(bytes.NewReader(body))
+	for {
+		ev, err := scanner.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				break
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		if ev.Data == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var payload anthropicStreamEvent
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(ev.Data), &payload); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		eventType := ev.Type
+		if eventType == "" {
+			eventType = payload.Type
+		}
+		applyAnthropicStreamEvent(eventType, payload, &usage, &completion)
+	}
+	if usage.InputTokens > 0 || usage.OutputTokens > 0 {
+		usage.TotalTokens = usage.InputTokens + usage.OutputTokens + usage.CachedInputTokens + usage.CacheCreationTokens
+	}
+	return usage, completion.String()
+}
+
+// applyAnthropicStreamEvent folds one parsed Anthropic Messages stream event
+// into the running usage/completion. Shared by the SSE accumulator and the
+// Bedrock InvokeModel event-stream, whose chunks wrap the same event JSON.
+func applyAnthropicStreamEvent(eventType string, payload anthropicStreamEvent, usage *llm.Usage, completion *strings.Builder) {
+	switch eventType {
+	case "message_start":
+		if payload.Message != nil {
+			applyAnthropicStreamUsage(payload.Message.Usage, usage)
+		}
+	case "content_block_delta":
+		if payload.Delta != nil && payload.Delta.Type == "text_delta" {
+			completion.WriteString(payload.Delta.Text)
+		}
+	case "message_delta":
+		applyAnthropicStreamUsage(payload.Usage, usage)
+	case "message_stop":
+		// No-op; Anthropic does not emit usage here.
+	}
+}
+
+// applyAnthropicStreamUsage folds a non-nil Anthropic usage block into the
+// running totals. Each field overwrites only when present and positive, so
+// message_delta's post-completion counts supersede the message_start seed
+// without zeroing dimensions a later event omits.
+func applyAnthropicStreamUsage(u *anthropicStreamUsage, usage *llm.Usage) {
+	if u == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if v := derefInt64(u.InputTokens); v > 0 {
+		usage.InputTokens = v
+	}
+	if v := derefInt64(u.OutputTokens); v > 0 {
+		usage.OutputTokens = v
+	}
+	if v := derefInt64(u.CacheReadInputTokens); v > 0 {
+		usage.CachedInputTokens = v
+	}
+	if v := derefInt64(u.CacheCreationInputTokens); v > 0 {
+		usage.CacheCreationTokens = v
+	}
+}
+
+func pickInt64(preferred, fallback *int64) int64 {
+	if preferred != nil {
+		return *preferred
+	}
+	return derefInt64(fallback)
+}
+
+func derefInt64(v *int64) int64 {
+	if v == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return *v
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_bedrock.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_bedrock.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..30809b46e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_bedrock.go
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+package llm_response_parser
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/llm"
+)
+
+// bedrockEventTypeHeader names each AWS event-stream frame's event type.
+const bedrockEventTypeHeader = ":event-type"
+
+// accumulateBedrockStream decodes the AWS binary event-stream returned by
+// Bedrock's streaming endpoints and folds it into running usage/completion.
+// Two framings are handled:
+//   - InvokeModel (invoke-with-response-stream): each "chunk" frame's payload is
+//     {"bytes":"<base64>"} wrapping a vendor-native (Anthropic) stream event.
+//   - Converse (converse-stream): native frames (contentBlockDelta, metadata, …)
+//     whose payload JSON carries text deltas and a final usage block.
+//
+// A truncated stream (cut at the capture cap) decodes best-effort: frames up to
+// the cut are applied and the partial usage is returned.
+func accumulateBedrockStream(body []byte) (llm.Usage, string) {
+	var (
+		usage      llm.Usage
+		completion strings.Builder
+	)
+	dec := eventstream.NewDecoder()
+	r := bytes.NewReader(body)
+	for {
+		msg, err := dec.Decode(r, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			break // EOF or a partial trailing frame — return what we have.
+		}
+		eventType := ""
+		if v := msg.Headers.Get(bedrockEventTypeHeader); v != nil {
+			eventType = v.String()
+		}
+		if eventType == "chunk" {
+			applyBedrockInvokeChunk(msg.Payload, &usage, &completion)
+			continue
+		}
+		applyConverseStreamEvent(eventType, msg.Payload, &usage, &completion)
+	}
+	if usage.TotalTokens == 0 && (usage.InputTokens > 0 || usage.OutputTokens > 0) {
+		usage.TotalTokens = usage.InputTokens + usage.OutputTokens + usage.CachedInputTokens + usage.CacheCreationTokens
+	}
+	return usage, completion.String()
+}
+
+// applyBedrockInvokeChunk decodes an InvokeModel stream "chunk" frame
+// ({"bytes":"<base64 anthropic event>"}) and folds the wrapped Anthropic event
+// into usage/completion via the shared accumulator.
+func applyBedrockInvokeChunk(payload []byte, usage *llm.Usage, completion *strings.Builder) {
+	var wrap struct {
+		Bytes []byte `json:"bytes"` // base64 string — encoding/json decodes it
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload, &wrap); err != nil || len(wrap.Bytes) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	var ev anthropicStreamEvent
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(wrap.Bytes, &ev); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	applyAnthropicStreamEvent(ev.Type, ev, usage, completion)
+}
+
+// converseStreamEvent captures the Converse stream frames carrying completion
+// text (contentBlockDelta) and the final token usage (metadata). Cache buckets
+// are additive to inputTokens (AWS write bucket: cacheWriteInputTokens).
+type converseStreamEvent struct {
+	Delta *struct {
+		Text string `json:"text"`
+	} `json:"delta"`
+	Usage *struct {
+		InputTokens      int64 `json:"inputTokens"`
+		OutputTokens     int64 `json:"outputTokens"`
+		TotalTokens      int64 `json:"totalTokens"`
+		CacheReadTokens  int64 `json:"cacheReadInputTokens"`
+		CacheWriteTokens int64 `json:"cacheWriteInputTokens"`
+	} `json:"usage"`
+}
+
+// applyConverseStreamEvent folds one native Converse stream frame into the
+// running usage/completion: contentBlockDelta carries assistant text, and the
+// trailing metadata frame carries the final usage block.
+func applyConverseStreamEvent(eventType string, payload []byte, usage *llm.Usage, completion *strings.Builder) {
+	var ev converseStreamEvent
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload, &ev); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	switch eventType {
+	case "contentBlockDelta":
+		if ev.Delta != nil {
+			completion.WriteString(ev.Delta.Text)
+		}
+	case "metadata":
+		if ev.Usage != nil {
+			if ev.Usage.InputTokens > 0 {
+				usage.InputTokens = ev.Usage.InputTokens
+			}
+			if ev.Usage.OutputTokens > 0 {
+				usage.OutputTokens = ev.Usage.OutputTokens
+			}
+			if ev.Usage.TotalTokens > 0 {
+				usage.TotalTokens = ev.Usage.TotalTokens
+			}
+			if ev.Usage.CacheReadTokens > 0 {
+				usage.CachedInputTokens = ev.Usage.CacheReadTokens
+			}
+			if ev.Usage.CacheWriteTokens > 0 {
+				usage.CacheCreationTokens = ev.Usage.CacheWriteTokens
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_bedrock_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_bedrock_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f66347591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_bedrock_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package llm_response_parser
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/aws/protocol/eventstream"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// bedrockFrame encodes a single AWS event-stream frame with the given
+// :event-type header and JSON payload, mirroring what Bedrock sends.
+func bedrockFrame(t *testing.T, eventType string, payload []byte) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := eventstream.NewEncoder()
+	err := enc.Encode(&buf, eventstream.Message{
+		Headers: eventstream.Headers{{Name: ":event-type", Value: eventstream.StringValue(eventType)}},
+		Payload: payload,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err, "encode event-stream frame")
+	return buf.Bytes()
+}
+
+func mustJSON(t *testing.T, v any) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+	b, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return b
+}
+
+func TestAccumulateBedrockStream_Invoke(t *testing.T) {
+	// invoke-with-response-stream: each "chunk" frame wraps a base64-encoded
+	// Anthropic stream event under {"bytes": ...}.
+	events := [][]byte{
+		mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"type": "message_start", "message": map[string]any{"usage": map[string]any{"input_tokens": 13}}}),
+		mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"type": "content_block_delta", "delta": map[string]any{"type": "text_delta", "text": "po"}}),
+		mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"type": "content_block_delta", "delta": map[string]any{"type": "text_delta", "text": "ng"}}),
+		mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"type": "message_delta", "usage": map[string]any{"output_tokens": 5}}),
+	}
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	for _, ev := range events {
+		wrap := mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"bytes": base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(ev)})
+		body.Write(bedrockFrame(t, "chunk", wrap))
+	}
+
+	usage, completion := accumulateBedrockStream(body.Bytes())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(13), usage.InputTokens, "input tokens from message_start")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(5), usage.OutputTokens, "output tokens from message_delta")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(18), usage.TotalTokens, "total is additive")
+	require.Equal(t, "pong", completion, "text deltas concatenated")
+}
+
+func TestAccumulateBedrockStream_Converse(t *testing.T) {
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	body.Write(bedrockFrame(t, "contentBlockDelta", mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"delta": map[string]any{"text": "po"}})))
+	body.Write(bedrockFrame(t, "contentBlockDelta", mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"delta": map[string]any{"text": "ng"}})))
+	body.Write(bedrockFrame(t, "metadata", mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"usage": map[string]any{"inputTokens": 11, "outputTokens": 3, "totalTokens": 14}})))
+
+	usage, completion := accumulateBedrockStream(body.Bytes())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(11), usage.InputTokens, "input tokens from metadata frame")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(3), usage.OutputTokens, "output tokens from metadata frame")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(14), usage.TotalTokens, "total from metadata frame")
+	require.Equal(t, "pong", completion, "converse text deltas concatenated")
+}
+
+// The converse-stream metadata frame's camelCase cache fields must reach the billed cache buckets.
+func TestAccumulateBedrockStream_ConverseCacheBuckets(t *testing.T) {
+	var body bytes.Buffer
+	body.Write(bedrockFrame(t, "contentBlockDelta", mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"delta": map[string]any{"text": "pong"}})))
+	body.Write(bedrockFrame(t, "metadata", mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"usage": map[string]any{
+		"inputTokens": 11, "outputTokens": 3, "totalTokens": 30,
+		"cacheReadInputTokens": 7, "cacheWriteInputTokens": 9,
+	}})))
+
+	usage, completion := accumulateBedrockStream(body.Bytes())
+	require.Equal(t, int64(11), usage.InputTokens, "input tokens from metadata frame")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(3), usage.OutputTokens, "output tokens from metadata frame")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(7), usage.CachedInputTokens, "cache-read tokens from metadata frame")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(9), usage.CacheCreationTokens, "cache-write tokens from metadata frame")
+	require.Equal(t, int64(30), usage.TotalTokens, "provider-reported total wins")
+	require.Equal(t, "pong", completion)
+}
+
+func TestAccumulateBedrockStream_Truncated(t *testing.T) {
+	// A body cut mid-frame must not panic; partial usage is returned.
+	full := bedrockFrame(t, "metadata", mustJSON(t, map[string]any{"usage": map[string]any{"inputTokens": 11, "outputTokens": 3}}))
+	usage, _ := accumulateBedrockStream(full[:len(full)-4])
+	require.Zero(t, usage.OutputTokens, "truncated trailing frame is dropped, not panicked on")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..400aac0bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser/streaming_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package llm_response_parser
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+func TestInvoke_OpenAIStreamingWithUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := loadFixture(t, "openai_stream.txt")
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "text/event-stream"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "gpt-4o-mini"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must not error on streaming OpenAI body")
+
+	in123, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "123", in123, "input tokens must come from final-chunk usage block")
+
+	outTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "45", outTok, "output tokens must come from final-chunk usage block")
+
+	totTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "168", totTok, "total tokens must come from final-chunk usage block")
+
+	completion, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	require.True(t, ok, "completion must be emitted for streaming responses")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello, world!", completion, "deltas must concatenate into the buffered fixture's text")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_OpenAIStreamingWithoutUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`data: {"choices":[{"delta":{"content":"Hi"}}]}
+
+data: {"choices":[{"delta":{"content":" there"}}]}
+
+data: [DONE]
+
+`)
+
+	usage, completion := accumulateOpenAIStream(body)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), usage.InputTokens, "input tokens must stay zero without a usage frame")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), usage.OutputTokens, "output tokens must stay zero without a usage frame")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), usage.TotalTokens, "total tokens must stay zero without a usage frame")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hi there", completion, "deltas must still accumulate when usage is absent")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_OpenAIStreamingNoUsage_OmitsUsageMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := []byte(`data: {"choices":[{"delta":{"content":"Hello"}}]}
+
+data: [DONE]
+
+`)
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "text/event-stream"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"}},
+	}
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must not error on usage-less streams")
+
+	_, hasIn := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	_, hasOut := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens)
+	_, hasTot := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens)
+	assert.False(t, hasIn, "input tokens omitted when no usage frame")
+	assert.False(t, hasOut, "output tokens omitted when no usage frame")
+	assert.False(t, hasTot, "total tokens omitted when no usage frame")
+
+	completion, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	require.True(t, ok, "completion must still be emitted from deltas")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello", completion, "completion must come from delta accumulation")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_AnthropicStreaming(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	body := loadFixture(t, "anthropic_stream.txt")
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "text/event-stream"}},
+		RespBody:    body,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "Invoke must not error on streaming Anthropic body")
+
+	in123, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMInputTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "123", in123, "input tokens must come from message_start usage")
+
+	outTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMOutputTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "45", outTok, "output tokens must come from message_delta usage")
+
+	totTok, _ := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMTotalTokens)
+	assert.Equal(t, "168", totTok, "total tokens must be input+output for anthropic streaming")
+
+	completion, ok := metaValue(out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResponseCompletion)
+	require.True(t, ok, "completion must be emitted from text_delta accumulation")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Hello, world!", completion, "anthropic streaming text must accumulate across content_block_delta events")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_StreamingTruncatedBody_BestEffort(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	full := loadFixture(t, "anthropic_stream.txt")
+	cut := len(full) / 2
+	truncated := full[:cut]
+
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:              middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:            200,
+		RespHeaders:       []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "text/event-stream"}},
+		RespBody:          truncated,
+		RespBodyTruncated: true,
+		Metadata:          []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"}},
+	}
+
+	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		_, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "truncated streaming body must not surface as error")
+	}, "Invoke must never panic on a truncated SSE body")
+}
+
+func TestInvoke_StreamingEmptyBody(t *testing.T) {
+	m := newTestMiddleware(t)
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:        middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		Status:      200,
+		RespHeaders: []middleware.KV{{Key: "Content-Type", Value: "text/event-stream"}},
+		RespBody:    nil,
+		Metadata:    []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "openai"}},
+	}
+	out, err := m.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "empty SSE body must not surface as error")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Metadata, "no metadata for empty SSE body")
+}
+
+func TestAccumulateAnthropicStream_PartialUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`event: message_start
+data: {"type":"message_start","message":{"usage":{"input_tokens":10}}}
+
+event: content_block_delta
+data: {"type":"content_block_delta","delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":"hi"}}
+
+`)
+	usage, completion := accumulateAnthropicStream(body)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(10), usage.InputTokens, "partial input_tokens must survive truncated stream")
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), usage.OutputTokens, "output_tokens stays zero without message_delta")
+	assert.Equal(t, "hi", completion, "completion must come from observed text_delta events")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/bedrock_discovery_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/bedrock_discovery_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d21e33c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/bedrock_discovery_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package llm_router
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// bedrockRoute is a Bedrock provider whose listing lives on the control plane
+// while inference goes to the runtime host — the split this file is about.
+func bedrockRoute(models []string, policies []ModelPolicyRule) ProviderRoute {
+	return ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "prov-bedrock",
+		Bedrock:         true,
+		Models:          models,
+		ModelPolicies:   policies,
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		DiscoveryHost:   "bedrock.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer aws-token",
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+	}
+}
+
+func getInput(path string) *middleware.Input {
+	return &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:       middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		Method:     http.MethodGet,
+		URL:        "https://endpoint.netbird.local" + path,
+		UserGroups: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBedrockListingGoesToTheControlPlane is the whole point of DiscoveryHost.
+// ListInferenceProfiles is not an operation bedrock-runtime implements — it
+// answers <UnknownOperationException/> — so a listing forwarded to the
+// inference upstream can only 404, however well it is routed.
+func TestBedrockListingGoesToTheControlPlane(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{bedrockRoute(nil, nil)}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), getInput("/inference-profiles"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "bedrock.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host)
+}
+
+// TestBedrockInferenceStillGoesToTheRuntimeHost is the other half: the
+// redirect must apply to the listing alone. Sending an InvokeModel call to the
+// control plane would break every Bedrock request in the account.
+func TestBedrockInferenceStillGoesToTheRuntimeHost(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{bedrockRoute(nil, nil)}})
+
+	in := newInputWithModelAndURL("anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5",
+		"https://endpoint.netbird.local/model/eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0/invoke")
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host)
+}
+
+// TestIsListingPath guards the narrower reading of "model-less". Both the
+// upstream redirect and the policy bound key on this, and the warming probe
+// must be excluded from both: it carries no listing to filter, and pointing it
+// at the control plane would warm a pool the inference requests never use.
+func TestIsListingPath(t *testing.T) {
+	for path, want := range map[string]bool{
+		"/v1/models":                  true,
+		"/inference-profiles":         true,
+		"/bedrock/inference-profiles": true,
+		"/api/hello":                  false,
+		"/v1/models/gpt-4o":           false, // the per-model lookup, routed elsewhere
+		"/v1/chat/completions":        false,
+	} {
+		t.Run(path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, want, isListingPath(path))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBedrockListingIsBoundByPolicy covers the case that was previously
+// unreachable: filtering keyed on /v1/models alone, so a Bedrock listing was
+// routed but never narrowed to what the caller may use.
+func TestBedrockListingIsBoundByPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	route := bedrockRoute(
+		[]string{"eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0", "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6"},
+		[]ModelPolicyRule{{
+			GroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+			// A guardrail allowlist names the catalog key, which is the form an
+			// operator picks in the UI — not the region-prefixed wire id the
+			// record registers.
+			Models: []string{"anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"},
+		}},
+	)
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), getInput("/inference-profiles"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+
+	// Exact-string intersection would find nothing here and bound the listing
+	// to empty, handing the caller a picker with no models on a provider that
+	// works perfectly well.
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0"},
+		out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels)
+}
+
+// TestBedrockListingWithoutADiscoveryHostFallsThrough keeps a proxied or
+// self-hosted Bedrock endpoint working: the synthesiser emits no discovery
+// host for one, and the listing must then go to the configured upstream rather
+// than nowhere.
+func TestBedrockListingWithoutADiscoveryHostFallsThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	route := bedrockRoute(nil, nil)
+	route.UpstreamHost = "bedrock.internal.example.com"
+	route.DiscoveryHost = ""
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), getInput("/inference-profiles"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "bedrock.internal.example.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host)
+}
+
+// TestBedrockProfileDetailHonoursTheModelTable covers GetInferenceProfile,
+// which the listing filter cannot help with: it answers for one profile with a
+// single object, not a set, so nothing narrows it on the way back. Authorising
+// it by provider type alone would let any caller with a Bedrock route read the
+// full configuration of every profile in the account.
+//
+// Both registration spellings are exercised, because a record may carry the
+// raw profile id AWS issues or the catalog key it reduces to.
+func TestBedrockProfileDetailHonoursTheModelTable(t *testing.T) {
+	const permitted = "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-20260514-v1:0"
+
+	for _, registered := range []string{permitted, "anthropic.claude-sonnet-5"} {
+		t.Run(registered, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{bedrockRoute([]string{registered}, nil)}})
+
+			out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), getInput("/inference-profiles/"+permitted))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+				"a profile the record registers must still resolve")
+
+			denied, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(),
+				getInput("/inference-profiles/eu.anthropic.claude-opus-5-20260514-v1:0"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, denied.Decision,
+				"a profile outside the record's models must not be readable")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestBedrockProfileListingStaysModelLess pins the other half: the listing
+// names no profile, so it must not be judged against the model table. It is
+// bounded by DiscoveryModels in the response instead, and denying it here
+// would take model discovery away from exactly the records that enumerate
+// their models.
+func TestBedrockProfileListingStaysModelLess(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{bedrockRoute([]string{"anthropic.claude-sonnet-5"}, nil)}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), getInput("/inference-profiles"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/bedrock_route_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/bedrock_route_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03a17aa52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/bedrock_route_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package llm_router
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// TestRouteClaimsModel_BedrockNormalizesCandidate guards the fix for the native
+// Bedrock routing gap: the request model reaches the router already normalized
+// (the parser strips the region/inference-profile prefix and version suffix),
+// so a provider registered with the raw inference-profile id must still match.
+func TestRouteClaimsModel_BedrockNormalizesCandidate(t *testing.T) {
+	route := ProviderRoute{Bedrock: true, Models: []string{"us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"}}
+	assert.True(t, routeClaimsModel(route, "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"),
+		"raw region-prefixed Bedrock model must match the normalized request model")
+	assert.False(t, routeClaimsModel(route, "anthropic.claude-opus-4-8"),
+		"a model outside the provider's list must not match")
+
+	// A provider registered with the already-normalized id also matches.
+	normalized := ProviderRoute{Bedrock: true, Models: []string{"anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"}}
+	assert.True(t, routeClaimsModel(normalized, "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"),
+		"normalized Bedrock model must match")
+
+	// Non-Bedrock routes keep exact matching (no prefix stripping).
+	openai := ProviderRoute{Models: []string{"gpt-4o"}}
+	assert.True(t, routeClaimsModel(openai, "gpt-4o"), "exact model must match")
+	assert.False(t, routeClaimsModel(openai, "us.gpt-4o"),
+		"non-Bedrock routes must not strip a us. prefix")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_BedrockCountTokensRoutes pins that the token-counting action
+// reaches the Bedrock route instead of denying as not-routable.
+func TestRouter_BedrockCountTokensRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "bedrock-prod",
+		Bedrock:         true,
+		Models:          []string{"anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+	}}})
+
+	in := newInputWithModelAndURL("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		"/model/anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/count-tokens")
+	in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "bedrock"})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "count-tokens must route, not deny")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host)
+}
+
+// TestRouter_BedrockInferenceProfilesRoutes covers the startup lookups a
+// client makes to resolve a configured inference profile. They carry no
+// model, so before they were recognised they denied and wrote a policy
+// rejection into the access log on every session start.
+func TestRouter_BedrockInferenceProfilesRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	bedrock := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "bedrock-prod",
+		Bedrock:         true,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+	}
+	openai := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{openai, bedrock}})
+
+	for _, path := range []string{
+		"/inference-profiles?type=SYSTEM_DEFINED",
+		"/inference-profiles/us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5",
+	} {
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput(path))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, out)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "%s must route", path)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+		assert.Equal(t, "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host,
+			"%s must reach the Bedrock provider, not the first authorised one", path)
+
+		nonInference, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMNonInference)
+		assert.Equal(t, "true", nonInference, "%s carries no model to gate on", path)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRouter_BedrockNamespacedInferenceProfilesStripsPrefix pins that the
+// optional gateway namespace is removed before the request goes upstream.
+func TestRouter_BedrockNamespacedInferenceProfilesStripsPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "bedrock-prod",
+		Bedrock:         true,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+	}}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/bedrock/inference-profiles"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/bedrock", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.StripPathPrefix,
+		"the namespace prefix must not reach the real Bedrock endpoint")
+}
+
+// TestRouteClaimsModel_VertexNormalizesCandidate is the Vertex counterpart of
+// the Bedrock case above: the parser strips the "@version" suffix from the
+// path model, so a provider registered with the versioned form must still
+// match the normalized request model.
+func TestRouteClaimsModel_VertexNormalizesCandidate(t *testing.T) {
+	route := ProviderRoute{Vertex: true, Models: []string{"claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929"}}
+	assert.True(t, routeClaimsModel(route, "claude-sonnet-4-5"),
+		"raw @version Vertex model must match the normalized request model")
+	assert.False(t, routeClaimsModel(route, "claude-opus-4-8"),
+		"a model outside the provider's list must not match")
+
+	// Non-Vertex routes keep exact matching (no @version stripping).
+	openai := ProviderRoute{Models: []string{"gpt-4o@2024"}}
+	assert.False(t, routeClaimsModel(openai, "gpt-4o"),
+		"non-Vertex routes must not strip an @version suffix")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/factory.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/factory.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70a2179b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/factory.go
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package llm_router
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+)
+
+// ProviderRoute describes one upstream LLM provider the router can
+// hand a request to. Models lists the model identifiers the provider
+// claims; UpstreamScheme + UpstreamHost replace the synth target's
+// placeholder URL on a match. UpstreamPath is the path component of
+// the configured upstream URL — the router uses it to disambiguate
+// providers that claim the same model: when more than one provider
+// matches the model, the route whose UpstreamPath is a prefix of the
+// incoming request path is preferred (longest match wins, empty path
+// is the catchall). AuthHeaderName + AuthHeaderValue are the
+// per-provider credential the router injects after stripping the
+// vendor auth headers from the inbound request.
+//
+// AllowedGroupIDs is the union of source-group IDs across every
+// enabled policy that authorises this provider. The router treats it
+// as a hard filter: a route whose AllowedGroupIDs has no intersection
+// with the caller's UserGroups is removed from the candidate list
+// before the path-prefix tiebreak. A route with empty AllowedGroupIDs
+// is unreachable; the synthesiser only emits policy-bound routes.
+type ProviderRoute struct {
+	ID string `json:"id"`
+	// Vendor is the parser surface this provider speaks ("openai",
+	// "anthropic", …), matching the llm.provider value llm_request_parser
+	// emits from the request. When set, the router keeps a vendor-tagged
+	// request on a same-vendor route so catch-all gateways of a different
+	// vendor can't swallow it. Empty disables vendor filtering for this
+	// route.
+	Vendor string `json:"vendor,omitempty"`
+	// Vendors lists every parser surface a multi-surface gateway accepts.
+	// Vendor remains supported for existing single-surface configurations.
+	Vendors         []string `json:"vendors,omitempty"`
+	Models          []string `json:"models"`
+	UpstreamScheme  string   `json:"upstream_scheme"`
+	UpstreamHost    string   `json:"upstream_host"`
+	UpstreamPath    string   `json:"upstream_path,omitempty"`
+	AuthHeaderName  string   `json:"auth_header_name"`
+	AuthHeaderValue string   `json:"auth_header_value"`
+	AllowedGroupIDs []string `json:"allowed_group_ids"`
+	// ModelPolicies carries, per authorising policy, the source groups it
+	// binds and the models it permits. The router uses it to bound a model
+	// listing to what THIS caller may use: a provider reachable by two groups
+	// under different allowlists must not offer either group the other's
+	// models. Empty means no policy restricts models on this route.
+	ModelPolicies []ModelPolicyRule `json:"model_policies,omitempty"`
+	// DiscoveryHost, when set, is the host that serves this provider's model
+	// listing, for a vendor that does not serve it from the same host as
+	// inference. Bedrock is why it exists: ListInferenceProfiles is a control
+	// plane operation on bedrock.<region>, while InvokeModel must go to
+	// bedrock-runtime.<region>, so one record genuinely needs two hosts.
+	// Empty means the listing is served from UpstreamHost like everything else.
+	DiscoveryHost string `json:"discovery_host,omitempty"`
+	// Vertex marks a Google Vertex AI provider. Vertex requests carry the
+	// model in the URL path, so the router selects this route by path
+	// (isVertexPath) and bypasses the model/vendor table entirely.
+	Vertex bool `json:"vertex,omitempty"`
+	// Bedrock marks an AWS Bedrock provider. Bedrock requests carry the model
+	// in the URL path (/model/{id}/{action}), so the router selects this route
+	// by path (isBedrockPath) and bypasses the model/vendor table; auth is the
+	// static AuthHeaderValue bearer token (no token minting).
+	Bedrock bool `json:"bedrock,omitempty"`
+	// GCPServiceAccountKeyB64 is a base64-encoded GCP service-account JSON
+	// key. When set, the router mints + refreshes a short-lived OAuth2 access
+	// token from it at request time and injects it as the auth header value
+	// (instead of the static AuthHeaderValue) — so the gateway holds a durable
+	// Vertex credential rather than a 1-hour token.
+	GCPServiceAccountKeyB64 string `json:"gcp_sa_key_b64,omitempty"`
+	// SkipTLSVerify disables upstream TLS certificate verification when dialing
+	// this route's upstream. For self-hosted / internal gateways behind a
+	// private or self-signed certificate.
+	SkipTLSVerify bool `json:"skip_tls_verify,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ModelPolicyRule is one authorising policy's contribution to what a caller
+// may use on a route: the source groups it binds, and the models it permits.
+//
+// Models is nil when the policy sets no model allowlist — an unrestricted
+// policy, which lifts the restriction for the groups it binds. That is why
+// nil and empty must stay distinct: an empty list is a guardrail that permits
+// nothing, and collapsing the two would let a listing fail open.
+type ModelPolicyRule struct {
+	GroupIDs []string `json:"group_ids"`
+	Models   []string `json:"models"`
+}
+
+// Config is the on-wire configuration accepted by the factory. An
+// empty Providers slice yields a router that denies every request as
+// not-routable; the synthesiser is responsible for stamping the
+// account's enabled providers into this slice.
+type Config struct {
+	Providers []ProviderRoute `json:"providers"`
+}
+
+// Factory builds llm_router instances from raw config bytes.
+type Factory struct{}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (Factory) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// New constructs a middleware instance. Empty, null, and {} configs
+// yield a router with an empty Providers slice — every request denies
+// with model_not_routable. Non-empty payloads must parse cleanly so
+// misconfigurations surface at chain build time.
+func (Factory) New(rawConfig []byte) (middleware.Middleware, error) {
+	cfg := Config{}
+	if !isEmptyJSON(rawConfig) {
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(rawConfig, &cfg); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode config: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return New(cfg), nil
+}
+
+// isEmptyJSON reports whether the payload is whitespace, null, or an
+// empty object/array. The caller skips Unmarshal in that case so the
+// zero-value Config flows through unchanged.
+func isEmptyJSON(raw []byte) bool {
+	trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(string(bytes.TrimSpace(raw)))
+	switch trimmed {
+	case "", "null", "{}", "[]":
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func init() {
+	builtin.Register(Factory{})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c0a45119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1133 @@
+// Package llm_router implements the SlotOnRequest middleware that
+// routes a request to an upstream LLM provider based on the model name
+// emitted upstream by llm_request_parser. The router rewrites the
+// request's outbound target (scheme + host), strips known LLM-vendor
+// auth headers, and injects the per-provider auth header from the
+// matched route. Unknown or unconfigured models deny with a 403 and
+// the canonical llm_policy.model_not_routable code.
+package llm_router
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/llm"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// gcpScope is the OAuth2 scope minted for Vertex AI service-account auth.
+const gcpScope = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"
+
+// gcpTokenTimeout bounds each GCP token mint/refresh HTTP call so a slow or
+// unreachable token endpoint can't block the request indefinitely.
+const gcpTokenTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+
+// ID is the registry key for this middleware.
+const ID = "llm_router"
+
+// Version is reported via Middleware.Version().
+const Version = "1.0.0"
+
+const (
+	denyCodeNotRoutable         = "llm_policy.model_not_routable"
+	denyReasonNotRoutable       = "model_not_routable"
+	denyCodeNoAuthorisedRoute   = "llm_policy.no_authorised_provider"
+	denyReasonNoAuthorisedRoute = "no_authorised_provider"
+	//nolint:gosec // deny code label, not a credential
+	denyCodeUpstreamAuth  = "llm_policy.upstream_auth_failed"
+	denyCodeUnmeterable   = "llm_policy.unmeterable_publisher"
+	denyReasonUnmeterable = "unmeterable_publisher"
+)
+
+// strippedAuthHeaders is the closed list of vendor authentication
+// credentials the router clears before injecting the provider-specific
+// credential. Strictly auth headers — vendor-specific metadata
+// (anthropic-version, openai-organization, openai-project, etc.) is
+// NOT stripped because the client SDK sets those and the upstream
+// requires them (e.g. Anthropic returns 400 without
+// anthropic-version). Each entry is canonicalised by Go's
+// http.Header.Del/Set, so listing the canonical shapes here is
+// sufficient.
+var strippedAuthHeaders = []string{
+	"Authorization",       // OpenAI, OpenAI-compatible, most vendors, Bedrock bearer
+	"Proxy-Authorization", // upstream proxy auth (defense-in-depth)
+	"x-api-key",           // Anthropic
+	"api-key",             // Azure OpenAI
+	"X-Amz-Date",          // AWS SigV4 — strip client-supplied AWS signing material
+	"X-Amz-Security-Token",
+	"X-Amz-Content-Sha256",
+}
+
+// Middleware routes requests to upstream LLM providers based on the
+// llm.model metadata emitted by llm_request_parser.
+type Middleware struct {
+	cfg Config
+	// tokenSrc caches one auto-refreshing OAuth2 TokenSource per GCP
+	// service-account key (keyed by a hash of the key material), so Vertex
+	// token minting happens once and refreshes are amortised across requests.
+	tokenMu  sync.Mutex
+	tokenSrc map[string]oauth2.TokenSource
+}
+
+// New constructs a Middleware with the supplied configuration. Empty
+// or nil Providers slice yields a router that denies every request as
+// not-routable.
+func New(cfg Config) *Middleware {
+	return &Middleware{cfg: cfg, tokenSrc: map[string]oauth2.TokenSource{}}
+}
+
+// ID returns the registry identifier.
+func (m *Middleware) ID() string { return ID }
+
+// Version returns the implementation version.
+func (m *Middleware) Version() string { return Version }
+
+// Slot reports the chain slot the middleware lives in.
+func (m *Middleware) Slot() middleware.Slot { return middleware.SlotOnRequest }
+
+// AcceptedContentTypes returns nil because the router only consults
+// the metadata emitted by llm_request_parser.
+func (m *Middleware) AcceptedContentTypes() []string { return nil }
+
+// MetadataKeys is the closed set of metadata keys this middleware may
+// emit. The accumulator drops anything outside this allowlist.
+func (m *Middleware) MetadataKeys() []string {
+	return []string{
+		middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID,
+		middleware.KeyLLMAuthorisingGroups,
+		middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision,
+		middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason,
+		middleware.KeyLLMNonInference,
+		// Emitted only for the per-model lookup, whose model lives in the path
+		// rather than a body the parser could read.
+		middleware.KeyLLMModel,
+	}
+}
+
+// MutationsSupported reports that the middleware emits header and
+// upstream-rewrite mutations.
+func (m *Middleware) MutationsSupported() bool { return true }
+
+// Close releases resources owned by the middleware. The router is
+// stateless, so this is a no-op.
+func (m *Middleware) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// matchOutcome captures why matchRoute returned what it did so the
+// caller can distinguish "no provider knows this model" from "providers
+// know it but none authorise this peer's groups".
+type matchOutcome int
+
+const (
+	matchOutcomeFound matchOutcome = iota
+	matchOutcomeUnknownModel
+	matchOutcomeUnauthorised
+)
+
+// Invoke resolves the model to a provider authorised for the caller's
+// groups, strips known vendor auth headers, and injects the route's
+// auth header. Unknown models deny with model_not_routable; models
+// known to a provider that no policy authorises for the caller deny
+// with no_authorised_provider.
+func (m *Middleware) Invoke(_ context.Context, in *middleware.Input) (*middleware.Output, error) {
+	reqPath := requestPath(in.URL)
+	// The caller's API dialect, used to mirror a denial in the vendor's own
+	// error shape so the client can explain it to the user.
+	surface, _ := lookupMetadata(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMProvider)
+	model, _ := lookupMetadata(in.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMModel)
+
+	// Vertex AI carries the model in the URL path, not the body, and is
+	// selected by path rather than by the model/vendor table. Route it before
+	// the model lookup so a model the parser extracted from the path can't be
+	// claimed by a same-vendor direct provider (e.g. claude-* on api.anthropic.com).
+	if isVertexPath(reqPath) {
+		// The request parser emits no llm.provider for a Vertex publisher it
+		// can't parse (e.g. google/gemini). Forwarding such a request would
+		// bypass token/budget metering, so deny it rather than serve it
+		// unmetered.
+		if surface == "" {
+			return denyUnmeterable(surface), nil
+		}
+		route, outcome := m.matchVertex(reqPath, model, in.UserGroups)
+		return m.decide(route, outcome, surface, model, in.UserGroups, nil), nil
+	}
+
+	// Bedrock likewise carries the model in the URL path (/model/{id}/{action}),
+	// optionally behind a "/bedrock" gateway-namespace prefix. Route it by path
+	// before the model lookup; when the prefix is present, strip it from the
+	// forwarded path so the real Bedrock endpoint receives its native path.
+	if isBedrockPath(reqPath) {
+		native, hadPrefix := splitBedrockNamespace(reqPath)
+		route, outcome := m.matchBedrock(native, model, in.UserGroups)
+		return m.decide(route, outcome, surface, model, in.UserGroups, func(out *middleware.Output) {
+			if hadPrefix {
+				stripBedrockNamespace(out)
+			}
+		}), nil
+	}
+
+	// GET /v1/models/{id} carries no body, so no model reaches the router in
+	// metadata — but the path names one, and answering it confirms a model
+	// exists and is reachable. Authorise it against the model table like any
+	// other per-model request, then mark it non-inference so it still skips
+	// the token pre-flight it would otherwise charge nothing against.
+	if detail, isDetail := modelDetailID(reqPath); isDetail && isNonInferenceMethod(in.Method) {
+		route, outcome := m.matchRoute(detail, surface, reqPath, in.UserGroups)
+		return m.decide(route, outcome, surface, detail, in.UserGroups, func(out *middleware.Output) {
+			markNonInference(out)
+			// The parser reads models from JSON bodies only, and this request
+			// has none, so stamp the one the path names. Without it the
+			// guardrail's own allowlist — a separate, possibly narrower list
+			// than the route's — never sees a model to check.
+			out.Metadata = append(out.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: detail})
+		}), nil
+	}
+
+	if model == "" {
+		return m.routeModelless(reqPath, surface, in.Method, in.UserGroups), nil
+	}
+
+	route, outcome := m.matchRoute(model, surface, reqPath, in.UserGroups)
+	return m.decide(route, outcome, surface, model, in.UserGroups, nil), nil
+}
+
+// decide turns a per-model match result into the middleware's decision. Every
+// surface that routes by model shares the same two denial arms — a model no
+// route claims is not routable, one that some route claims but none authorises
+// for this caller is an authorisation failure — so they live here once.
+// decorate, when non-nil, adjusts the allow with whatever that surface needs.
+func (m *Middleware) decide(
+	route ProviderRoute,
+	outcome matchOutcome,
+	surface, model string,
+	userGroups []string,
+	decorate func(*middleware.Output),
+) *middleware.Output {
+	switch outcome {
+	case matchOutcomeFound:
+		out := m.allowWithRoute(route, surface, userGroups)
+		if decorate != nil {
+			decorate(out)
+		}
+		return out
+	case matchOutcomeUnauthorised:
+		return denyNoAuthorisedRoute(surface, model)
+	default:
+		return denyUnknownModel(surface, model)
+	}
+}
+
+// routeModelless serves the endpoints that name no model at all: the model
+// listing, the connection-warming probe, and the Bedrock inference-profile
+// lookup. They still need rewriting from the synth placeholder to a real
+// upstream — clients such as Codex call GET /v1/models at startup to enumerate
+// availability and read a 403 as "model unavailable".
+func (m *Middleware) routeModelless(reqPath, surface, method string, userGroups []string) *middleware.Output {
+	route, outcome := m.matchModelless(reqPath, method, userGroups)
+	switch outcome {
+	case matchOutcomeFound:
+		out := m.allowWithRoute(route, surface, userGroups)
+		markNonInference(out)
+		if _, hadPrefix := splitBedrockNamespace(reqPath); hadPrefix {
+			stripBedrockNamespace(out)
+		}
+		if isListingPath(reqPath) && out.Mutations != nil && out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream != nil {
+			// A vendor that serves its listing from somewhere other than its
+			// inference upstream is redirected here, and only for the listing
+			// — every other request still goes to the configured upstream.
+			if route.DiscoveryHost != "" {
+				out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host = route.DiscoveryHost
+			}
+			// What the caller may actually use bounds what the picker may
+			// offer: every entry outside it is a request the chain will deny a
+			// moment later.
+			if models, bounded := discoverableModels(route, userGroups); bounded {
+				out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels = models
+			}
+		}
+		return out
+	case matchOutcomeUnauthorised:
+		// A recognised model-less endpoint exists but no provider authorises
+		// the caller — deny as an authorisation failure rather than masking it
+		// as a missing model.
+		return denyNoAuthorisedRoute(surface, "")
+	default:
+		return denyMissingModel(surface)
+	}
+}
+
+// isNonInferenceMethod reports whether a request method is one the
+// non-inference endpoints actually use: the listing and the per-model lookup
+// are GET, the connection-warming probe is HEAD or GET. The method is the only
+// thing separating "GET /v1/models/{id}" from a POST to the same path carrying
+// an inference body, and the non-inference mark exempts a request from the
+// token pre-flight — so anything else falls through to normal per-model
+// routing, which denies when the request names no model.
+func isNonInferenceMethod(method string) bool {
+	return method == http.MethodGet || method == http.MethodHead
+}
+
+// discoverableModels returns the model ids a caller in userGroups may actually
+// use on this route, and whether the listing should be bounded to them at all.
+//
+// Two things narrow a listing, and both must apply or the picker offers models
+// the very next request refuses:
+//
+//   - the provider's own enumerated models, when it lists any (a gateway record
+//     enumerates nothing and claims everything);
+//   - the model allowlists of the policies that authorise THIS caller. A
+//     provider reachable by two groups under different allowlists must not
+//     offer either group the other's models, which is why the rules carry their
+//     source groups rather than arriving pre-flattened.
+//
+// A policy that sets no allowlist lifts the restriction for the groups it
+// binds, so a caller holding one unrestricted policy sees the provider's full
+// list. bounded is false when nothing narrows the listing — an unrestricted
+// caller on a route that enumerates nothing — in which case the upstream's own
+// answer passes through untouched.
+func discoverableModels(route ProviderRoute, userGroups []string) ([]string, bool) {
+	permitted, restricted := policyPermittedModels(route, userGroups)
+
+	switch {
+	case !restricted && len(route.Models) == 0:
+		return nil, false
+	case !restricted:
+		return append([]string(nil), route.Models...), true
+	case len(route.Models) == 0:
+		// A gateway record enumerates nothing, so the allowlist is the whole
+		// bound — previously such a record offered the upstream's entire
+		// catalogue however narrow the policy was.
+		return sortedModels(permitted), true
+	}
+
+	// Both bound: only what the provider serves and the policy permits.
+	intersection := make(map[string]struct{}, len(route.Models))
+	for _, m := range route.Models {
+		if _, ok := permitted[m]; ok {
+			intersection[m] = struct{}{}
+			continue
+		}
+		// The two sides are not always written the same way. A Bedrock record
+		// may register the raw inference-profile id an operator copied from
+		// AWS while a guardrail allowlist names the catalog key, and comparing
+		// those verbatim finds nothing — which would bound a correctly
+		// configured provider's listing down to empty. routeClaimsModel
+		// already normalises the candidate for exactly this reason, and the
+		// listing bound has to agree with it or the picker disagrees with what
+		// the guardrail will actually allow.
+		if route.Bedrock {
+			if _, ok := permitted[llm.NormalizeBedrockModel(m)]; ok {
+				intersection[m] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+		if route.Vertex {
+			if _, ok := permitted[llm.NormalizeVertexModel(m)]; ok {
+				intersection[m] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return sortedModels(intersection), true
+}
+
+// policyPermittedModels folds the rules whose groups intersect the caller's
+// into the set of models they permit. restricted is false when the caller
+// holds at least one authorising policy that sets no allowlist, or when no
+// rule binds them at all.
+func policyPermittedModels(route ProviderRoute, userGroups []string) (map[string]struct{}, bool) {
+	permitted := make(map[string]struct{})
+	restricted := false
+	for _, rule := range route.ModelPolicies {
+		if !groupsIntersect(rule.GroupIDs, userGroups) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if rule.Models == nil {
+			// An unrestricted policy the caller holds lifts the restriction
+			// entirely, whatever the others say.
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		restricted = true
+		for _, m := range rule.Models {
+			permitted[m] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return permitted, restricted
+}
+
+// groupsIntersect reports whether the two group-id sets share a member.
+func groupsIntersect(a, b []string) bool {
+	for _, x := range a {
+		for _, y := range b {
+			if x == y {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// sortedModels flattens a model set into a stable slice so the bound the proxy
+// applies — and any test asserting on it — does not depend on map order.
+func sortedModels(set map[string]struct{}) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(set))
+	for m := range set {
+		out = append(out, m)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// markNonInference tags an allow as a request that spends no tokens, so the
+// limit check skips the management pre-flight it would charge nothing against.
+func markNonInference(out *middleware.Output) {
+	out.Metadata = append(out.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMNonInference, Value: "true"})
+}
+
+// stripBedrockNamespace tells the rewrite to drop the optional "/bedrock"
+// gateway namespace so the upstream receives its native Bedrock path.
+func stripBedrockNamespace(out *middleware.Output) {
+	if out.Mutations != nil && out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream != nil {
+		out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.StripPathPrefix = bedrockNamespacePrefix
+	}
+}
+
+// matchRoute returns the ProviderRoute that should serve the given
+// model + request path for a caller in the given user-groups. Selection
+// is:
+//
+//  1. Filter the configured providers to those whose Models list
+//     contains the model.
+//  2. Filter the model-matched candidates to those whose
+//     AllowedGroupIDs intersect the caller's UserGroups. A route with
+//     no AllowedGroupIDs is the catch-all: it stays in the list. If
+//     the model was known but no candidate is authorised for this
+//     peer, return matchOutcomeUnauthorised so the caller can emit
+//     the dedicated no_authorised_provider deny code.
+//  3. Vendor precedence: when the request carries a detected vendor
+//     (llm.provider) and at least one candidate declares that vendor,
+//     drop the rest — a vendor-tagged request must never cross to
+//     another vendor's route (e.g. an Anthropic call landing on an
+//     OpenAI-compatible gateway that also claims the model).
+//  4. Model precedence over path: a route that explicitly lists the
+//     model beats a catch-all (empty Models) gateway.
+//  5. Disambiguate the survivors by URL path prefix: longest
+//     UpstreamPath that prefix-matches the request path wins; an empty
+//     UpstreamPath is the catchall. If none prefix-matches, fall back
+//     to declaration order so the model stays routable.
+func (m *Middleware) matchRoute(model, vendor, reqPath string, userGroups []string) (ProviderRoute, matchOutcome) {
+	var modelMatched []ProviderRoute
+	for _, route := range m.cfg.Providers {
+		if routeClaimsModel(route, model) {
+			modelMatched = append(modelMatched, route)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(modelMatched) == 0 {
+		return ProviderRoute{}, matchOutcomeUnknownModel
+	}
+
+	// Vendor pinning runs BEFORE the group filter so a request the parser
+	// tagged with a vendor can never cross to another vendor's route — not
+	// even an authorised one. Narrow to supporting routes when any
+	// model-matched route declares that vendor; setups with no matching vendor
+	// declaration fall through unchanged. After narrowing, if no supporting
+	// route authorises the caller, that's matchOutcomeUnauthorised (no
+	// cross-vendor fallback).
+	if vendor != "" {
+		if vendorMatched := matchingVendor(modelMatched, vendor); len(vendorMatched) > 0 {
+			modelMatched = vendorMatched
+		}
+	}
+
+	var candidates []ProviderRoute
+	for _, route := range modelMatched {
+		if routeAuthorisesGroups(route, userGroups) {
+			candidates = append(candidates, route)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return ProviderRoute{}, matchOutcomeUnauthorised
+	}
+
+	// Model routing takes precedence over path. A route that explicitly
+	// lists the model must beat a catch-all (empty Models) gateway that
+	// claims every model — otherwise an Anthropic request can fall through
+	// to an OpenAI-compatible gateway declared earlier. Only when no
+	// candidate explicitly claims the model do the catch-alls compete, and
+	// the path-prefix tiebreak applies within whichever tier wins.
+	if explicit := explicitlyClaiming(candidates, model); len(explicit) > 0 {
+		candidates = explicit
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 1 {
+		return candidates[0], matchOutcomeFound
+	}
+
+	best := candidates[0]
+	bestLen := -1
+	for _, c := range candidates {
+		if !pathPrefixMatches(c.UpstreamPath, reqPath) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(c.UpstreamPath) > bestLen {
+			best = c
+			bestLen = len(c.UpstreamPath)
+		}
+	}
+	return best, matchOutcomeFound
+}
+
+// connectionWarmPath is the probe Anthropic clients send before their first
+// inference request to open the upstream connection early. Forwarding it
+// warms the connection the request will actually use; denying it only fills
+// the access log with rejections at every session start.
+const connectionWarmPath = "/api/hello"
+
+// modelListingPath is the endpoint clients read at startup to populate
+// their model picker. Its response is a list the proxy can bound; the
+// per-model "/v1/models/{id}" lookup returns a single object and is left
+// alone.
+const modelListingPath = "/v1/models"
+
+// isListingPath reports whether reqPath asks for a MODEL LISTING, as opposed
+// to the other model-less endpoints. Only a listing gets an upstream redirect
+// and a policy bound: the connection-warming probe carries no model list to
+// filter, and rewriting its host would send the warm-up to the wrong pool.
+func isListingPath(reqPath string) bool {
+	return reqPath == modelListingPath || isBedrockModelLessPath(reqPath)
+}
+
+// isModelLessPath reports whether reqPath is a known non-inference endpoint
+// that legitimately carries no model at all: the model listing and the
+// connection-warming probe. These must route to an upstream rather than
+// deny, so model enumeration works end to end. The per-model
+// "/v1/models/{id}" lookup is deliberately excluded — it names a model, so
+// it is authorised against the model table instead (see modelDetailID).
+func isModelLessPath(reqPath string) bool {
+	return reqPath == modelListingPath || reqPath == connectionWarmPath
+}
+
+// modelDetailID returns the model id named by a "/v1/models/{id}" lookup.
+// reqPath comes from url.URL.Path, which is already percent-decoded, so an
+// id carrying a "/" (a self-hosted "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct" sent as
+// "Qwen%2FQwen2.5-...") arrives whole and everything after the prefix is the
+// id, separators included.
+func modelDetailID(reqPath string) (string, bool) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, modelListingPath+"/") {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	id := strings.TrimPrefix(reqPath, modelListingPath+"/")
+	if id == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return id, true
+}
+
+// isBedrockModelLessPath reports whether reqPath is a Bedrock
+// inference-profile lookup, optionally behind the "/bedrock" gateway
+// namespace. Clients read these at startup to resolve a configured profile
+// to its underlying model. They carry no model of their own, so they route
+// by path to a Bedrock provider rather than through the model table.
+//
+// On native AWS these live on the control plane ("bedrock.<region>") while a
+// provider's upstream is normally the runtime host ("bedrock-runtime.<region>"),
+// so forwarding yields a 404 there. That is deliberate: a client has one base
+// URL, so pointing it straight at the runtime host 404s identically, and
+// forwarding keeps the proxy transparent instead of inventing a policy denial
+// the client would never otherwise see. Operators whose Bedrock upstream is a
+// gateway that does serve the lookup get a working answer.
+func isBedrockModelLessPath(reqPath string) bool {
+	native, _ := splitBedrockNamespace(reqPath)
+	return native == "/inference-profiles" || strings.HasPrefix(native, bedrockProfileDetailPrefix)
+}
+
+// bedrockProfileDetailPrefix precedes the identifier in a GetInferenceProfile
+// lookup, once any gateway namespace is off the front.
+const bedrockProfileDetailPrefix = "/inference-profiles/"
+
+// bedrockProfileID returns the inference profile a "/inference-profiles/{id}"
+// lookup names. The listing beside it names none, which is what separates the
+// two: a listing is a set the response filter can bound, while this answers
+// for one profile with a single object no filter inspects.
+//
+// The id arrives as AWS issues it — region prefix and version suffix included
+// — because that is the only form that works at invoke time.
+func bedrockProfileID(reqPath string) (string, bool) {
+	native, _ := splitBedrockNamespace(reqPath)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(native, bedrockProfileDetailPrefix) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	id := strings.TrimPrefix(native, bedrockProfileDetailPrefix)
+	if id == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return id, true
+}
+
+// isVertexPath reports whether reqPath is a Google Vertex AI publisher
+// endpoint: /v1/projects/{project}/locations/{region}/publishers/{publisher}/
+// models/{model}:{action}. The model + vendor live in the path, so these
+// requests are routed by path to the Vertex provider rather than by model.
+func isVertexPath(reqPath string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, "/v1/projects/") &&
+		strings.Contains(reqPath, "/publishers/") &&
+		strings.Contains(reqPath, "/models/")
+}
+
+// bedrockNamespacePrefix is an optional gateway-namespace prefix some clients
+// place before the native Bedrock path to disambiguate it from other providers
+// that also use "/model/...". It is stripped before forwarding upstream.
+const bedrockNamespacePrefix = "/bedrock"
+
+// splitBedrockNamespace removes an optional "/bedrock" namespace prefix,
+// returning the native Bedrock path and whether the prefix was present.
+func splitBedrockNamespace(reqPath string) (string, bool) {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, bedrockNamespacePrefix+"/") {
+		return strings.TrimPrefix(reqPath, bedrockNamespacePrefix), true
+	}
+	return reqPath, false
+}
+
+// bedrockActions are the runtime actions that follow the model id in a
+// Bedrock path. count-tokens is here so a client can price its context
+// against the dedicated endpoint; denying it pushes that work back onto
+// the inference endpoint, which bills for it.
+var bedrockActions = []string{
+	"/invoke",
+	"/invoke-with-response-stream",
+	"/converse",
+	"/converse-stream",
+	"/count-tokens",
+}
+
+// isBedrockPath reports whether reqPath is an AWS Bedrock runtime model
+// endpoint: /model/{modelId}/{action} — optionally behind a "/bedrock"
+// gateway-namespace prefix. The model lives in the path, so these requests
+// are routed by path to the Bedrock provider.
+func isBedrockPath(reqPath string) bool {
+	native, _ := splitBedrockNamespace(reqPath)
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(native, "/model/") {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, action := range bedrockActions {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(native, action) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// matchVertex selects the Vertex provider authorised for the caller's groups
+// and claiming the requested model.
+func (m *Middleware) matchVertex(reqPath, model string, userGroups []string) (ProviderRoute, matchOutcome) {
+	return m.matchPathRoute(reqPath, model, userGroups, func(r ProviderRoute) bool { return r.Vertex })
+}
+
+// matchBedrock selects the Bedrock provider authorised for the caller's groups
+// and claiming the requested model.
+func (m *Middleware) matchBedrock(reqPath, model string, userGroups []string) (ProviderRoute, matchOutcome) {
+	return m.matchPathRoute(reqPath, model, userGroups, func(r ProviderRoute) bool { return r.Bedrock })
+}
+
+// matchPathRoute selects a path-routed provider (Vertex/Bedrock). These carry
+// the model in the URL, so the model/vendor table is bypassed — but the route's
+// configured Models allowlist is still enforced (empty Models = catch-all) so a
+// provider credential can't be used for models the operator didn't authorise.
+// Returns matchOutcomeUnauthorised when no style route authorises the caller's
+// groups, matchOutcomeUnknownModel when an authorised route exists but none
+// claims the model (or no style route exists at all), else the chosen route
+// (longest UpstreamPath prefix-match wins among multiple).
+func (m *Middleware) matchPathRoute(reqPath, model string, userGroups []string, isStyle func(ProviderRoute) bool) (ProviderRoute, matchOutcome) {
+	var styled []ProviderRoute
+	for _, route := range m.cfg.Providers {
+		if isStyle(route) {
+			styled = append(styled, route)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(styled) == 0 {
+		return ProviderRoute{}, matchOutcomeUnknownModel
+	}
+
+	var authorised []ProviderRoute
+	for _, route := range styled {
+		if routeAuthorisesGroups(route, userGroups) {
+			authorised = append(authorised, route)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(authorised) == 0 {
+		return ProviderRoute{}, matchOutcomeUnauthorised
+	}
+
+	var candidates []ProviderRoute
+	for _, route := range authorised {
+		if routeClaimsModel(route, model) {
+			candidates = append(candidates, route)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return ProviderRoute{}, matchOutcomeUnknownModel
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 1 {
+		return candidates[0], matchOutcomeFound
+	}
+
+	best := candidates[0]
+	bestLen := -1
+	for _, c := range candidates {
+		if !pathPrefixMatches(c.UpstreamPath, reqPath) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(c.UpstreamPath) > bestLen {
+			best = c
+			bestLen = len(c.UpstreamPath)
+		}
+	}
+	return best, matchOutcomeFound
+}
+
+// matchModelless selects a route for a non-inference, model-less request.
+// It mirrors matchRoute's group-authorisation filter and path-prefix
+// tiebreak but skips the per-model filter, since any provider the caller's
+// groups authorise can serve a model-listing request. Returns
+// matchOutcomeFound with the chosen route (single authorised provider wins
+// outright; multiple fall to the longest UpstreamPath prefix-match, then
+// declaration order), matchOutcomeUnauthorised when no provider authorises
+// the caller, or matchOutcomeUnknownModel when the path isn't a recognised
+// model-less endpoint.
+func (m *Middleware) matchModelless(reqPath, method string, userGroups []string) (ProviderRoute, matchOutcome) {
+	if !isNonInferenceMethod(method) {
+		return ProviderRoute{}, matchOutcomeUnknownModel
+	}
+	var eligible func(ProviderRoute) bool
+	switch {
+	case isBedrockModelLessPath(reqPath):
+		if profile, isDetail := bedrockProfileID(reqPath); isDetail {
+			// A detail lookup names one profile, so it is authorised like any
+			// other per-model request rather than by provider type alone. The
+			// listing beside it is bounded by DiscoveryModels on the way back,
+			// but this answers with a single object no filter inspects — so
+			// without the check here, a caller reads the full configuration of
+			// every profile in the account, including the ones its policy
+			// never named.
+			//
+			// The id is normalised first: a record may register the raw
+			// profile id or the catalog key it reduces to, and routeClaimsModel
+			// expects the normalised form an inference request would carry.
+			wanted := llm.NormalizeBedrockModel(profile)
+			eligible = func(r ProviderRoute) bool { return r.Bedrock && routeClaimsModel(r, wanted) }
+		} else {
+			eligible = func(r ProviderRoute) bool { return r.Bedrock }
+		}
+	case isModelLessPath(reqPath):
+		// Vertex/Bedrock are path-routed and don't serve OpenAI-style
+		// model-listing endpoints; including them here could rewrite a
+		// GET /v1/models to an upstream that 404s it.
+		eligible = func(r ProviderRoute) bool { return !r.Vertex && !r.Bedrock }
+	default:
+		return ProviderRoute{}, matchOutcomeUnknownModel
+	}
+
+	var candidates []ProviderRoute
+	for _, route := range m.cfg.Providers {
+		if eligible(route) && routeAuthorisesGroups(route, userGroups) {
+			candidates = append(candidates, route)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return ProviderRoute{}, matchOutcomeUnauthorised
+	}
+	if len(candidates) == 1 {
+		return candidates[0], matchOutcomeFound
+	}
+
+	best := candidates[0]
+	bestLen := -1
+	for _, c := range candidates {
+		if !pathPrefixMatches(c.UpstreamPath, reqPath) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(c.UpstreamPath) > bestLen {
+			best = c
+			bestLen = len(c.UpstreamPath)
+		}
+	}
+	return best, matchOutcomeFound
+}
+
+// routeAuthorisesGroups reports whether the route's AllowedGroupIDs
+// intersect the caller's userGroups. A route with empty AllowedGroupIDs
+// is unreachable: the synthesiser only emits routes bound to at least
+// one enabled policy, so an empty list signals a misconfiguration that
+// must not be allowed to fall through.
+func routeAuthorisesGroups(r ProviderRoute, userGroups []string) bool {
+	for _, ug := range userGroups {
+		for _, ag := range r.AllowedGroupIDs {
+			if ug == ag {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// authorisingGroupsCSV returns the sorted, deduplicated comma-separated
+// intersection of routeGroups and userGroups — i.e. the groups that
+// actually authorise the resolved route for this caller. Returns the
+// empty string when the intersection is empty (shouldn't happen on the
+// allow path, but defensive).
+func authorisingGroupsCSV(routeGroups, userGroups []string) string {
+	if len(routeGroups) == 0 || len(userGroups) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	allowed := make(map[string]struct{}, len(routeGroups))
+	for _, g := range routeGroups {
+		allowed[g] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(userGroups))
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(userGroups))
+	for _, ug := range userGroups {
+		if _, ok := allowed[ug]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, dup := seen[ug]; dup {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[ug] = struct{}{}
+		out = append(out, ug)
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	sort.Strings(out)
+	return strings.Join(out, ",")
+}
+
+// matchingVendor returns the routes that declare the request's detected
+// vendor through either the legacy singular field or the multi-vendor field.
+// Untagged routes remain eligible only when no route declares the vendor.
+func matchingVendor(routes []ProviderRoute, vendor string) []ProviderRoute {
+	var out []ProviderRoute
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if routeSupportsVendor(r, vendor) {
+			out = append(out, r)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func routeSupportsVendor(route ProviderRoute, vendor string) bool {
+	if route.Vendor == vendor {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, candidate := range route.Vendors {
+		if candidate == vendor {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// explicitlyClaiming returns the subset of routes whose Models list
+// names the model exactly. Catch-all routes (empty Models) are excluded,
+// so callers can prefer a provider that genuinely declares the model over
+// a gateway that claims everything.
+func explicitlyClaiming(routes []ProviderRoute, model string) []ProviderRoute {
+	var out []ProviderRoute
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		for _, candidate := range r.Models {
+			if candidate == model {
+				out = append(out, r)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// routeClaimsModel reports whether the route's Models list contains
+// the given model identifier. An empty Models list is treated as
+// "claim every model" — used by gateway-style providers (LiteLLM,
+// custom OpenAI-compatible endpoints) that proxy an open-ended set of
+// upstream models the operator can't enumerate in NetBird's provider
+// config.
+func routeClaimsModel(route ProviderRoute, model string) bool {
+	if len(route.Models) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, candidate := range route.Models {
+		if candidate == model {
+			return true
+		}
+		// Bedrock request models reach the router already normalized (the parser
+		// strips the region / inference-profile prefix and version suffix), but
+		// the operator may register the raw inference-profile id (e.g.
+		// "us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5"). Normalize the candidate so both sides
+		// compare equal; otherwise a native Bedrock request denies as not-routable.
+		if route.Bedrock && llm.NormalizeBedrockModel(candidate) == model {
+			return true
+		}
+		// Vertex likewise: the parser strips the "@version" suffix from the
+		// path model, while the operator may register the versioned form.
+		if route.Vertex && llm.NormalizeVertexModel(candidate) == model {
+			return true
+		}
+		// A client may pin a dated Anthropic id ("claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929")
+		// where the operator registered the undated one. Only an undated
+		// registration absorbs a dated request: normalising both sides would
+		// let a route pinned to one dated release claim a different one, so an
+		// operator who deliberately pinned a build would silently serve
+		// another — and with several such routes, ordering would decide which.
+		if candidate == llm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(candidate) &&
+			candidate == llm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(model) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// pathPrefixMatches reports whether upstreamPath matches reqPath on a path-
+// segment boundary: an exact match, or reqPath continuing after
+// upstreamPath at a "/" separator. This avoids a sibling base like
+// "/openai" spuriously matching "/openai-test". An empty (or "/")
+// upstreamPath always matches (catchall).
+func pathPrefixMatches(upstreamPath, reqPath string) bool {
+	if upstreamPath == "" || upstreamPath == "/" {
+		return true
+	}
+	upstreamPath = strings.TrimRight(upstreamPath, "/")
+	return reqPath == upstreamPath || strings.HasPrefix(reqPath, upstreamPath+"/")
+}
+
+// requestPath extracts the path component from an Input.URL string
+// (which is r.URL.String() — typically "/path?query"). Returns the
+// raw input on parse failure so the prefix check can still operate on
+// the unparsed value.
+func requestPath(raw string) string {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return raw
+	}
+	return parsed.Path
+}
+
+// allowWithRoute builds the Output for a successful route match. The
+// returned Mutations carry the upstream rewrite plus — riding on it —
+// the StripHeaders list and the AuthHeader to inject.
+//
+// The strip + inject MUST go through UpstreamRewrite (not HeadersAdd /
+// HeadersRemove) because the framework's mutation gate runs every
+// header change through a denylist that blocks Authorization,
+// Cookie, etc. — exactly the headers the router is replacing. The
+// proxy's upstream-build path applies AuthHeader / StripHeaders
+// directly, bypassing the denylist by virtue of being a trusted
+// proxy operation rather than an arbitrary middleware mutation.
+//
+// Emits the authorising-groups intersection alongside the resolved
+// provider id so identity-stamping middlewares (llm_identity_inject)
+// tag the request with ONLY the groups that authorised this specific
+// route — not every group the peer happens to be in.
+func (m *Middleware) allowWithRoute(route ProviderRoute, surface string, userGroups []string) *middleware.Output {
+	rewrite := &middleware.UpstreamRewrite{
+		Scheme: route.UpstreamScheme,
+		Host:   route.UpstreamHost,
+		// UpstreamPath is the path component the operator pasted on
+		// the provider record (e.g. "/v1/{account}/{gateway}/compat"
+		// for Cloudflare AI Gateway). Carrying it on the rewrite so
+		// the proxy's URL composer joins it with the agent's request
+		// path — without this, the operator's configured upstream
+		// path is silently dropped and the gateway returns a 4xx for
+		// the malformed URL. Empty value leaves the original
+		// target's path untouched.
+		Path:          route.UpstreamPath,
+		StripHeaders:  append([]string(nil), strippedAuthHeaders...),
+		SkipTLSVerify: route.SkipTLSVerify,
+	}
+	authValue := route.AuthHeaderValue
+	if route.GCPServiceAccountKeyB64 != "" {
+		// Mint a short-lived OAuth2 token from the service-account key at
+		// request time (cached + auto-refreshed) instead of a static value.
+		bearer, err := m.gcpBearer(route.GCPServiceAccountKeyB64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return denyUpstreamAuth(surface)
+		}
+		authValue = bearer
+	}
+	if route.AuthHeaderName != "" && authValue != "" {
+		rewrite.AuthHeader = &middleware.AuthHeader{
+			Name:  route.AuthHeaderName,
+			Value: authValue,
+		}
+	}
+	return &middleware.Output{
+		Decision:  middleware.DecisionAllow,
+		Mutations: &middleware.Mutations{RewriteUpstream: rewrite},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID, Value: route.ID},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMAuthorisingGroups, Value: authorisingGroupsCSV(route.AllowedGroupIDs, userGroups)},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "allow"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// gcpBearer returns a "Bearer <token>" value minted from a base64-encoded GCP
+// service-account key, using a cached, auto-refreshing token source.
+func (m *Middleware) gcpBearer(saKeyB64 string) (string, error) {
+	ts, err := m.gcpTokenSource(saKeyB64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	tok, err := ts.Token()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("mint gcp token: %w", err)
+	}
+	return "Bearer " + tok.AccessToken, nil
+}
+
+// gcpTokenSource returns the cached TokenSource for the given service-account
+// key, building it (decode base64 → parse JSON → cloud-platform scope) on first
+// use. The returned source caches the token and refreshes it before expiry.
+func (m *Middleware) gcpTokenSource(saKeyB64 string) (oauth2.TokenSource, error) {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(saKeyB64))
+	key := hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+
+	m.tokenMu.Lock()
+	defer m.tokenMu.Unlock()
+	if m.tokenSrc == nil {
+		m.tokenSrc = map[string]oauth2.TokenSource{}
+	}
+	if ts, ok := m.tokenSrc[key]; ok {
+		return ts, nil
+	}
+	jsonKey, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.TrimSpace(saKeyB64))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode gcp service-account key: %w", err)
+	}
+	conf, err := google.JWTConfigFromJSON(jsonKey, gcpScope)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse gcp service-account key: %w", err)
+	}
+	// Bound mint/refresh with a timeout HTTP client so a slow token endpoint
+	// can't hang the request. The oauth2 library uses this client for the
+	// lifetime of the (auto-refreshing) source.
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), oauth2.HTTPClient, &http.Client{Timeout: gcpTokenTimeout})
+	ts := conf.TokenSource(ctx)
+	m.tokenSrc[key] = ts
+	return ts, nil
+}
+
+// denyUpstreamAuth is returned when the router cannot obtain the upstream
+// credential (e.g. a malformed service-account key or an unreachable token
+// endpoint). It surfaces as a 502 — an upstream problem, not a policy denial.
+func denyUpstreamAuth(surface string) *middleware.Output {
+	return &middleware.Output{
+		Decision:   middleware.DecisionDeny,
+		DenyStatus: 502,
+		DenyReason: &middleware.DenyReason{
+			Surface: surface,
+			Code:    denyCodeUpstreamAuth,
+			Message: "could not obtain upstream credential",
+		},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "deny"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason, Value: "upstream_auth_failed"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// denyUnmeterable returns the deny envelope for a path-routed request whose
+// publisher has no parser surface, so its usage can't be metered. Serving it
+// would bypass token/budget caps, so it is rejected with a 403.
+func denyUnmeterable(surface string) *middleware.Output {
+	return &middleware.Output{
+		Decision:   middleware.DecisionDeny,
+		DenyStatus: 403,
+		DenyReason: &middleware.DenyReason{
+			Surface: surface,
+			Code:    denyCodeUnmeterable,
+			Message: "request publisher is not supported for metering",
+		},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "deny"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason, Value: denyReasonUnmeterable},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// denyMissingModel returns the deny envelope for a request whose
+// envelope has no llm.model metadata.
+func denyMissingModel(surface string) *middleware.Output {
+	return &middleware.Output{
+		Decision:   middleware.DecisionDeny,
+		DenyStatus: 403,
+		DenyReason: &middleware.DenyReason{
+			Surface: surface,
+			Code:    denyCodeNotRoutable,
+			Message: "missing llm.model on request envelope",
+		},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "deny"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason, Value: denyReasonNotRoutable},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// denyUnknownModel returns the deny envelope for a model that no
+// configured provider claims.
+func denyUnknownModel(surface, model string) *middleware.Output {
+	return &middleware.Output{
+		Decision:   middleware.DecisionDeny,
+		DenyStatus: 403,
+		DenyReason: &middleware.DenyReason{
+			Surface: surface,
+			Code:    denyCodeNotRoutable,
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("no provider configured for model %s", model),
+			Details: map[string]string{"model": model},
+		},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "deny"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason, Value: denyReasonNotRoutable},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// denyNoAuthorisedRoute returns the deny envelope for a model that one
+// or more providers claim, but where no policy authorises the caller's
+// groups for any of those providers.
+func denyNoAuthorisedRoute(surface, model string) *middleware.Output {
+	return &middleware.Output{
+		Decision:   middleware.DecisionDeny,
+		DenyStatus: 403,
+		DenyReason: &middleware.DenyReason{
+			Surface: surface,
+			Code:    denyCodeNoAuthorisedRoute,
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("no policy authorises model %s for the caller's groups", model),
+			Details: map[string]string{"model": model},
+		},
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision, Value: "deny"},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason, Value: denyReasonNoAuthorisedRoute},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// lookupMetadata returns the value for key plus a presence flag so
+// callers can distinguish absent from empty.
+func lookupMetadata(meta []middleware.KV, key string) (string, bool) {
+	for _, kv := range meta {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8612d8f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/middleware_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1349 @@
+package llm_router
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// metaValue returns the value for the first KV with the given key.
+func metaValue(t *testing.T, kvs []middleware.KV, key string) (string, bool) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, kv := range kvs {
+		if kv.Key == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+// defaultTestGroup is the group id used by routes and inputs in tests
+// that don't specifically exercise the group-filter logic. Pairing it
+// with the same id on every test route keeps the legacy assertions
+// focused on routing/path behaviour without each one having to bake in
+// its own ACL.
+const defaultTestGroup = "grp-test"
+
+// newInputWithModel returns an Input carrying llm.model in its metadata
+// bag, mimicking the post-llm_request_parser state the router observes
+// in production. UserGroups is populated with defaultTestGroup so the
+// router's group-filter pass authorises any test route whose
+// AllowedGroupIDs contains the same id.
+func newInputWithModel(model string) *middleware.Input {
+	return &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:       middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		Metadata:   []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: model}},
+		UserGroups: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+	}
+}
+
+// newInputWithModelAndURL returns an Input carrying both llm.model and
+// a request URL so router tests can exercise path-based disambiguation.
+func newInputWithModelAndURL(model, reqURL string) *middleware.Input {
+	in := newInputWithModel(model)
+	in.URL = reqURL
+	return in
+}
+
+func TestMiddlewareIdentity(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{})
+	assert.Equal(t, ID, mw.ID(), "middleware ID must be llm_router")
+	assert.Equal(t, Version, mw.Version(), "version must match the constant")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnRequest, mw.Slot(), "router must run in SlotOnRequest")
+	assert.True(t, mw.MutationsSupported(), "router must declare mutations support")
+	assert.Nil(t, mw.AcceptedContentTypes(), "router does not inspect bodies")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t,
+		[]string{
+			middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID,
+			middleware.KeyLLMAuthorisingGroups,
+			middleware.KeyLLMNonInference,
+			middleware.KeyLLMModel,
+			middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision,
+			middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason,
+		},
+		mw.MetadataKeys(),
+		"metadata key allowlist must match the spec",
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, mw.Close())
+}
+
+func TestRouter_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
+	route := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer sk-test-123",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("gpt-4o"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "matched model must allow")
+
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations, "matched route must emit mutations")
+	rewrite := out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream
+	require.NotNil(t, rewrite, "matched route must emit upstream rewrite")
+	assert.Equal(t, "https", rewrite.Scheme, "rewrite scheme must come from the matched route")
+	assert.Equal(t, "api.openai.com", rewrite.Host, "rewrite host must come from the matched route")
+
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, strippedAuthHeaders, rewrite.StripHeaders,
+		"strip list rides on UpstreamRewrite (bypasses framework denylist) and must cover every known vendor auth header")
+	require.NotNil(t, rewrite.AuthHeader, "router must inject the auth header via the rewrite (not HeadersAdd) so the proxy bypasses the denylist")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Authorization", rewrite.AuthHeader.Name, "injected header name must come from the route")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Bearer sk-test-123", rewrite.AuthHeader.Value, "injected header value must come from the route")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.HeadersAdd, "router must not use HeadersAdd; auth flows through UpstreamRewrite.AuthHeader")
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.HeadersRemove, "router must not use HeadersRemove; strip flows through UpstreamRewrite.StripHeaders")
+
+	resolved, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	require.True(t, ok, "router must emit llm.resolved_provider_id on a match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai-prod", resolved, "resolved provider id must be the matched route's ID")
+	dec, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision)
+	assert.Equal(t, "allow", dec, "decision metadata must be allow on a match")
+}
+
+func TestRouter_SkipTLSVerifyPropagates(t *testing.T) {
+	base := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "internal-gw",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "gateway.internal",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer sk-test-123",
+	}
+
+	t.Run("enabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		route := base
+		route.SkipTLSVerify = true
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("gpt-4o"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations, "matched route must emit mutations")
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream, "matched route must emit upstream rewrite")
+		assert.True(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.SkipTLSVerify,
+			"skip_tls_verify on the route must ride on the upstream rewrite")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("default off", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{base}})
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("gpt-4o"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream, "matched route must emit upstream rewrite")
+		assert.False(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.SkipTLSVerify,
+			"skip_tls_verify must default to false when the route does not set it")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestRouter_MissingModel(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "openai-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), &middleware.Input{Slot: middleware.SlotOnRequest})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "missing llm.model must deny")
+	assert.Equal(t, 403, out.DenyStatus, "deny status must be 403")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason, "deny reason must be populated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_not_routable", out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code must be model_not_routable")
+	assert.Equal(t, "missing llm.model on request envelope", out.DenyReason.Message, "deny message must match spec")
+
+	dec, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision)
+	assert.Equal(t, "deny", dec, "decision metadata must be deny")
+	reason, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "model_not_routable", reason, "reason metadata must be model_not_routable")
+}
+
+// newModellessInput returns an Input with no llm.model and the given
+// request path, mimicking a GET /v1/models call (which carries no body
+// from which a model could be parsed). UserGroups matches defaultTestGroup.
+func newModellessInput(reqURL string) *middleware.Input {
+	return &middleware.Input{
+		Slot: middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		URL:  reqURL,
+		// The non-inference endpoints are read requests; the method is what
+		// separates them from an inference body posted to the same path, so
+		// state it rather than leaning on the zero value.
+		Method:     http.MethodGet,
+		UserGroups: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_ModelLessPath_RoutesToAuthorisedProvider(t *testing.T) {
+	route := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models?client_version=1"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "GET /v1/models must pass through, not deny")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations, "a pass-through must rewrite the upstream")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream, "model-less route must still rewrite to the real upstream")
+	assert.Equal(t, "api.openai.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host, "must target the authorised provider's host")
+
+	provider, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai-prod", provider, "resolved provider must be the authorised route")
+
+	// The limits gate reads this to tell "no model applies here" from
+	// "the model could not be determined", which fails closed.
+	nonInference, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMNonInference)
+	require.True(t, ok, "model-less allow must mark the request non-inference")
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", nonInference)
+}
+
+func TestRouter_ModelLessPath_MultiProviderDeclarationOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	first := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-a",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "a.example.com",
+	}
+	second := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-b",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o-mini"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "b.example.com",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{first, second}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "model-less path must pass through with multiple providers")
+	provider, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai-a", provider, "no path-prefix match falls back to declaration order")
+}
+
+func TestRouter_ModelLessPath_UnauthorisedDenies(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "openai-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{"some-other-group"},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "no provider authorising the caller must still deny")
+}
+
+func TestRouter_NonModelLessBodilessStillDenies(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "openai-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}}})
+
+	// A bodiless POST to an inference path has no model and is NOT a
+	// model-less endpoint, so it must keep denying.
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/responses"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "bodiless inference request must still deny")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_not_routable", out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code stays model_not_routable")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_ExplicitModelBeatsCatchallGateway is the regression guard
+// for multi-provider misrouting: a catch-all (empty Models) OpenAI-compat
+// gateway declared first must NOT swallow a model an explicit provider
+// claims. Anthropic's claude request must reach the Anthropic route even
+// though the gateway claims every model and wins declaration order.
+func TestRouter_ExplicitModelBeatsCatchallGateway(t *testing.T) {
+	gateway := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-gateway",
+		Models:          nil, // catch-all: claims every model
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}
+	anthropic := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "anthropic-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"claude-opus-4"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.anthropic.com",
+	}
+	// Gateway declared first to prove explicit claim beats declaration order.
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{gateway, anthropic}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModelAndURL("claude-opus-4", "/v1/messages"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "explicit-model request must route, not deny")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api.anthropic.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host, "claude must reach the explicit Anthropic route, not the catch-all gateway")
+
+	provider, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "anthropic-prod", provider, "resolved provider must be the explicit Anthropic route")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_CatchallStillServesUnlistedModel confirms the catch-all
+// gateway still wins models no explicit provider claims (its whole point).
+func TestRouter_CatchallStillServesUnlistedModel(t *testing.T) {
+	gateway := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-gateway",
+		Models:          nil,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "gateway.example.com",
+	}
+	anthropic := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "anthropic-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"claude-opus-4"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.anthropic.com",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{gateway, anthropic}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModelAndURL("some-exotic-model", "/v1/chat/completions"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "unlisted model must still route via the catch-all")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "gateway.example.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host, "unlisted model falls to the catch-all gateway")
+}
+
+// newInputVendorModelURL returns an Input carrying both the detected
+// vendor (llm.provider) and the model, plus a request URL — mimicking the
+// post-llm_request_parser state for a real inference call.
+func newInputVendorModelURL(vendor, model, reqURL string) *middleware.Input {
+	return &middleware.Input{
+		Slot: middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		URL:  reqURL,
+		Metadata: []middleware.KV{
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: vendor},
+			{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: model},
+		},
+		UserGroups: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRouter_VendorKeepsAnthropicOffOpenAIGateway is the regression guard
+// for the reported multi-provider break: two catch-all providers (neither
+// enumerates models), the OpenAI one declared first. Without vendor
+// awareness, a claude request matches both, no path prefixes, and
+// declaration order sends it to OpenAI → 502. The detected vendor must
+// pin it to the Anthropic route.
+func TestRouter_VendorKeepsAnthropicOffOpenAIGateway(t *testing.T) {
+	openai := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-gw",
+		Vendor:          "openai",
+		Models:          nil, // catch-all
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}
+	anthropic := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "anthropic-gw",
+		Vendor:          "anthropic",
+		Models:          nil, // catch-all
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.anthropic.com",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{openai, anthropic}}) // openai first
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputVendorModelURL("anthropic", "claude-opus-4-8", "/v1/messages"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "claude request must route, not deny")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api.anthropic.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host, "anthropic vendor must pin to the anthropic route despite openai being declared first")
+
+	provider, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "anthropic-gw", provider)
+}
+
+// TestRouter_VendorKeepsOpenAIOffAnthropic is the reciprocal: an OpenAI
+// request must stay on the OpenAI route even when the Anthropic catch-all
+// is declared first.
+func TestRouter_VendorKeepsOpenAIOffAnthropic(t *testing.T) {
+	anthropic := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "anthropic-gw",
+		Vendor:          "anthropic",
+		Models:          nil,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.anthropic.com",
+	}
+	openai := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-gw",
+		Vendor:          "openai",
+		Models:          nil,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{anthropic, openai}}) // anthropic first
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputVendorModelURL("openai", "gpt-5.5", "/v1/responses"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api.openai.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host, "openai vendor must pin to the openai route despite anthropic being declared first")
+}
+
+func TestRouter_MultiVendorGatewayAcceptsBothSurfaces(t *testing.T) {
+	gateway := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "agentgateway",
+		Vendors:         []string{"openai", "anthropic"},
+		Models:          nil,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "gateway.example.com",
+	}
+	other := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "other-vendor",
+		Vendor:          "mistral",
+		Models:          nil,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "mistral.example.com",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{other, gateway}})
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		vendor string
+		model  string
+		path   string
+	}{
+		{name: "OpenAI", vendor: "openai", model: "gpt-4o-mini", path: "/v1/chat/completions"},
+		{name: "Anthropic", vendor: "anthropic", model: "claude-sonnet-4-5", path: "/v1/messages"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputVendorModelURL(tc.vendor, tc.model, tc.path))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotNil(t, out)
+			assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+				"supported vendor must route through the multi-surface gateway")
+			require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+			require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+			assert.Equal(t, "gateway.example.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host)
+
+			provider, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+			assert.Equal(t, "agentgateway", provider)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRouter_VendorAbsentFallsBackToModelPath confirms vendor filtering is
+// inert when the request carries no detected vendor: routing then relies on
+// model/path as before.
+func TestRouter_VendorAbsentFallsBackToModelPath(t *testing.T) {
+	openai := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai-gw",
+		Vendor:          "openai",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5.5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{openai}})
+
+	// No llm.provider in metadata — only the model.
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("gpt-5.5"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "explicit-model match must still route with no vendor present")
+}
+
+func TestRouter_UnknownModel(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "openai-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+	}}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("claude-opus-4"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "unrouted model must deny")
+	assert.Equal(t, 403, out.DenyStatus, "deny status must be 403")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason, "deny reason must be populated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_not_routable", out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code must be model_not_routable")
+	assert.Equal(t, "no provider configured for model claude-opus-4", out.DenyReason.Message, "deny message must reference the offending model")
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-opus-4", out.DenyReason.Details["model"], "deny details must include the offending model")
+}
+
+func TestRouter_HeaderStripList(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "openai-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer sk-test-123",
+	}}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("gpt-4o"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations, "matched route must emit mutations")
+
+	expected := []string{
+		"Authorization",
+		"Proxy-Authorization",
+		"x-api-key",
+		"api-key",
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream, "matched route must emit upstream rewrite")
+	for _, header := range expected {
+		assert.Contains(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.StripHeaders, header,
+			"strip list (on UpstreamRewrite) must include the well-known vendor auth header %s", header)
+	}
+
+	// Vendor metadata headers MUST NOT be stripped: the client SDK sets them
+	// and the upstream requires them. Anthropic returns 400 "anthropic-version:
+	// header is required" if we drop it. Lock the regression.
+	preserved := []string{"anthropic-version", "openai-organization", "openai-project"}
+	for _, header := range preserved {
+		assert.NotContains(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.StripHeaders, header,
+			"vendor metadata header %s must NOT be stripped — upstreams require it", header)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_FirstMatchWins(t *testing.T) {
+	first := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "first",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "first.test",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer first",
+	}
+	second := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "second",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "second.test",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer second",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{first, second}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("gpt-4o"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "duplicate-model match must still allow")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations, "matched route must emit mutations")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream, "matched route must emit upstream rewrite")
+	assert.Equal(t, "first.test", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host, "first-match-wins must pick the earlier route")
+
+	resolved, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "first", resolved, "resolved provider id must be the earlier route's ID")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_PathDisambiguation_PrefixWinsOverCatchall locks in the
+// rule the user nailed down: two providers claim the same model, one
+// has an UpstreamPath that prefixes the incoming URL, the other has
+// no path. The path-prefixed provider wins because the path is a
+// strictly more specific match than the empty catchall.
+func TestRouter_PathDisambiguation_PrefixWinsOverCatchall(t *testing.T) {
+	corp := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "corp-openai-compat",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "corp.example.com",
+		UpstreamPath:    "/openai",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer corp",
+	}
+	openai := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer openai",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{openai, corp}}) // openai listed first to prove path beats declaration order
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModelAndURL("gpt-5", "/openai/v1/chat/completions"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "path-prefix match must allow")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "corp.example.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host,
+		"path-prefixed provider must beat the catchall when its UpstreamPath is a prefix of the request path")
+	resolved, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "corp-openai-compat", resolved, "resolved provider id must reflect the path-prefix winner, not the first declared")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_PathDisambiguation_CatchallWhenNoPrefixMatches is the
+// inverse: the path-prefixed provider does NOT match the incoming
+// path, so the empty-path catchall takes the request.
+func TestRouter_PathDisambiguation_CatchallWhenNoPrefixMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	corp := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "corp-openai-compat",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "corp.example.com",
+		UpstreamPath:    "/openai",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer corp",
+	}
+	openai := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "openai",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.openai.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer openai",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{corp, openai}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModelAndURL("gpt-5", "/v1/chat/completions"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "catchall must allow when no path prefix matches")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api.openai.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host,
+		"empty-path catchall must win when the path-prefixed provider's UpstreamPath does not match the request")
+	resolved, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai", resolved, "resolved provider id must be the catchall")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_PathDisambiguation_LongestPrefixWins covers the case
+// where multiple providers have non-empty UpstreamPath values that
+// both prefix the request — the longer (more specific) one wins.
+func TestRouter_PathDisambiguation_LongestPrefixWins(t *testing.T) {
+	short := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "short-prefix",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "short.example.com",
+		UpstreamPath:    "/openai",
+	}
+	long := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "long-prefix",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "long.example.com",
+		UpstreamPath:    "/openai/v1",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{short, long}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModelAndURL("gpt-5", "/openai/v1/chat/completions"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "long.example.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host,
+		"longest matching UpstreamPath must win — most specific match")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_SingleMatchIgnoresPath proves the path-prefix rule is a
+// disambiguation pass, not a gate: when only one provider claims the
+// model, it wins regardless of UpstreamPath. Otherwise a path-scoped
+// provider would 403 every request whose URL doesn't include the
+// path, which would break SDKs configured to hit the gateway root.
+func TestRouter_SingleMatchIgnoresPath(t *testing.T) {
+	only := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "only",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "only.example.com",
+		UpstreamPath:    "/openai",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer only",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{only}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModelAndURL("gpt-5", "/v1/chat/completions"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+		"single model-matching provider must serve the request even when UpstreamPath doesn't prefix the URL — path is a tiebreaker, not a gate")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "only.example.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host, "the only model-matching provider should be selected")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_PathDisambiguation_FallbackWhenNoPrefixMatches covers
+// the multi-candidate edge case where every candidate has a
+// non-matching non-empty UpstreamPath. The router falls back to
+// declaration order so the model is still routable rather than 403'd.
+func TestRouter_PathDisambiguation_FallbackWhenNoPrefixMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	first := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "first",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "first.example.com",
+		UpstreamPath:    "/openai",
+	}
+	second := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "second",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "second.example.com",
+		UpstreamPath:    "/anthropic",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{first, second}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModelAndURL("gpt-5", "/v1/chat/completions"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "no path match among multi-candidates must still allow")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "first.example.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host,
+		"when no candidate's UpstreamPath prefix-matches the request, fall back to declaration order")
+}
+
+func TestRouter_FactoryRejectsBadJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := Factory{}.New([]byte("{not json"))
+	require.Error(t, err, "malformed JSON config must be rejected at chain build time")
+}
+
+func TestRouter_FactoryDecodesLegacyAndMultiVendorFields(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := []byte(`{"providers":[` +
+		`{"id":"legacy","vendor":"openai","models":[],"upstream_scheme":"https","upstream_host":"openai.example.com","auth_header_name":"Authorization","auth_header_value":"Bearer legacy","allowed_group_ids":["group"]},` +
+		`{"id":"multi","vendors":["openai","anthropic"],"models":[],"upstream_scheme":"https","upstream_host":"gateway.example.com","auth_header_name":"Authorization","auth_header_value":"Bearer multi","allowed_group_ids":["group"]}` +
+		`]}`)
+
+	resolved, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	router, ok := resolved.(*Middleware)
+	require.True(t, ok, "factory must return the concrete router middleware")
+	require.Len(t, router.cfg.Providers, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai", router.cfg.Providers[0].Vendor,
+		"the legacy singular field must keep decoding")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"openai", "anthropic"}, router.cfg.Providers[1].Vendors,
+		"the multi-vendor field must decode both supported surfaces")
+}
+
+func TestRouter_FactoryAcceptsEmptyShapes(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := [][]byte{nil, []byte(""), []byte(" "), []byte("null"), []byte("{}"), []byte("[]")}
+	for _, raw := range cases {
+		mw, err := Factory{}.New(raw)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "empty-shaped config must yield a router with an empty Providers slice")
+		require.NotNil(t, mw, "factory must return a non-nil middleware on empty config")
+
+		out, invErr := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("gpt-4o"))
+		require.NoError(t, invErr)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision,
+			"router with no providers must deny every model as not-routable")
+	}
+}
+
+// newInputWithModelAndGroups returns an Input carrying llm.model + the
+// caller's UserGroups, mimicking the post-auth, post-llm_request_parser
+// state the router observes.
+func newInputWithModelAndGroups(model string, groups []string) *middleware.Input {
+	in := newInputWithModel(model)
+	in.UserGroups = append([]string(nil), groups...)
+	return in
+}
+
+// TestRouter_GroupFilter_PicksAuthorisedAmongDuplicates pins the Fix A
+// behaviour: when two providers claim the same model but each
+// authorises a different group, the router must pick the route the
+// caller's groups intersect, regardless of declaration order.
+func TestRouter_GroupFilter_PicksAuthorisedAmongDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{
+		{
+			ID:              "openai-marketing",
+			Models:          []string{"gpt-4o-mini"},
+			UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+			UpstreamHost:    "mkt-openai.example.com",
+			AllowedGroupIDs: []string{"grp-mkt"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:              "openai-engineering",
+			Models:          []string{"gpt-4o-mini"},
+			UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+			UpstreamHost:    "eng-openai.example.com",
+			AllowedGroupIDs: []string{"grp-eng"},
+		},
+	}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(),
+		newInputWithModelAndGroups("gpt-4o-mini", []string{"grp-eng"}))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+		"authorised candidate exists; must allow")
+
+	resolved, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai-engineering", resolved,
+		"router must pick the route whose AllowedGroupIDs intersects the caller's groups, ignoring declaration order")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_GroupFilter_NoIntersection_DeniesNoAuthorisedRoute pins
+// the dedicated deny code that fires when the model is known to a
+// provider but no candidate is authorised for the caller's groups.
+func TestRouter_GroupFilter_NoIntersection_DeniesNoAuthorisedRoute(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "openai-marketing",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o-mini"},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "mkt-openai.example.com",
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{"grp-mkt"},
+	}}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(),
+		newInputWithModelAndGroups("gpt-4o-mini", []string{"grp-eng"}))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision,
+		"model exists but no route authorises grp-eng; must deny")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.no_authorised_provider", out.DenyReason.Code,
+		"deny code must be no_authorised_provider, not model_not_routable")
+	assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4o-mini", out.DenyReason.Details["model"],
+		"deny details must reference the offending model")
+
+	dec, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyDecision)
+	assert.Equal(t, "deny", dec)
+	reason, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMPolicyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "no_authorised_provider", reason)
+}
+
+// TestRouter_GroupFilter_EmptyAllowedGroupsIsUnreachable pins the
+// strict semantics: a route with no AllowedGroupIDs is unreachable.
+// The synthesiser only emits policy-bound routes, so an empty ACL
+// signals a misconfiguration that must not silently fall through.
+func TestRouter_GroupFilter_EmptyAllowedGroupsIsUnreachable(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:             "openai-shared",
+		Models:         []string{"gpt-4o"},
+		UpstreamScheme: "https",
+		UpstreamHost:   "api.openai.com",
+		// AllowedGroupIDs intentionally left empty.
+	}}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("gpt-4o"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision,
+		"empty AllowedGroupIDs must deny — there is no catch-all for routes without an authorising policy")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.no_authorised_provider", out.DenyReason.Code,
+		"empty ACL fails the group-filter pass; deny code must reflect that")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_GroupFilter_OverlapTiebreakUnchanged pins that when more
+// than one route is authorised for the caller's groups, the existing
+// path-prefix tiebreak still decides. Group filtering is a hard gate
+// before the tiebreak; it does not change the tiebreak semantics.
+func TestRouter_GroupFilter_OverlapTiebreakUnchanged(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{
+		{
+			ID:              "openai-a",
+			Models:          []string{"gpt-4o-mini"},
+			UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+			UpstreamHost:    "a.example.com",
+			UpstreamPath:    "",
+			AllowedGroupIDs: []string{"grp-eng"},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:              "openai-b",
+			Models:          []string{"gpt-4o-mini"},
+			UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+			UpstreamHost:    "b.example.com",
+			UpstreamPath:    "/v1/chat",
+			AllowedGroupIDs: []string{"grp-eng"},
+		},
+	}})
+
+	in := newInputWithModelAndURL("gpt-4o-mini", "/v1/chat/completions")
+	in.UserGroups = []string{"grp-eng"}
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+
+	resolved, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai-b", resolved,
+		"longest-prefix path tiebreak still wins among group-authorised candidates")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_AuthorisingGroups_EmitsIntersection pins that the router
+// emits llm.authorising_groups containing only the intersection of the
+// caller's UserGroups with the resolved route's AllowedGroupIDs — not
+// every group the peer happens to be in.
+func TestRouter_AuthorisingGroups_EmitsIntersection(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "openai-eng",
+		Models:          []string{"gpt-4o-mini"},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "eng-openai.example.com",
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{"grp-eng", "grp-shared"},
+	}}})
+
+	in := newInputWithModelAndGroups("gpt-4o-mini",
+		[]string{"grp-eng", "grp-it", "grp-shared", "grp-oncall"})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+
+	csv, ok := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMAuthorisingGroups)
+	require.True(t, ok, "router must emit llm.authorising_groups on a match")
+	assert.Equal(t, "grp-eng,grp-shared", csv,
+		"only groups in BOTH UserGroups AND AllowedGroupIDs may appear; result must be sorted and unique")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_EmptyModelsClaimsAnyModel pins that a route with no
+// configured Models matches every model — used by gateway-style
+// providers (LiteLLM, custom OpenAI-compatible endpoints) where the
+// operator can't enumerate the upstream's model catalog in NetBird.
+func TestRouter_EmptyModelsClaimsAnyModel(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "litellm",
+		Models:          nil, // catch-all
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "litellm.example.com",
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+	}}})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newInputWithModel("gpt-5.5"))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+		"a route with empty Models must claim any model so gateway-style providers can route open-ended sets")
+	resolved, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMResolvedProviderID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "litellm", resolved)
+}
+
+// TestRouter_DatedAnthropicModelRoutes covers a client pinning a release
+// date on a model the operator registered undated. Exact matches still win,
+// so an operator who registers both dated releases keeps them distinct.
+func TestRouter_DatedAnthropicModelRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "anthropic-prod",
+		Vendor:          "anthropic",
+		Models:          []string{"claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.anthropic.com",
+	}}})
+
+	in := newInputWithModelAndURL("claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929", "/v1/messages")
+	in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"})
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "a dated id must route to the undated registration")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api.anthropic.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host)
+}
+
+// TestRouter_ConnectionWarmProbeRoutes covers the HEAD /api/hello probe an
+// Anthropic client sends before its first request. Forwarding it warms the
+// connection that request will use; denying it only wrote a rejection into
+// the access log at every session start.
+func TestRouter_ConnectionWarmProbeRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{{
+		ID:              "anthropic-prod",
+		Vendor:          "anthropic",
+		Models:          []string{"claude-sonnet-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.anthropic.com",
+	}}})
+
+	in := newModellessInput("/api/hello")
+	in.Method = http.MethodHead
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "the warm-up probe must reach the upstream")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "api.anthropic.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host)
+
+	nonInference, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMNonInference)
+	assert.Equal(t, "true", nonInference, "the probe carries no model to gate on")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_ModelListingCarriesAuthorisedModels pins the list the proxy
+// bounds the discovery response with. A catch-all route enumerates nothing,
+// so it must not bound the upstream's list at all.
+func TestRouter_ModelListingCarriesAuthorisedModels(t *testing.T) {
+	enumerated := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "anthropic-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"claude-sonnet-5", "claude-haiku-4-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.anthropic.com",
+	}
+
+	t.Run("enumerated route bounds the listing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{enumerated}})
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-5", "claude-haiku-4-5"},
+			out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels,
+			"the picker must be bounded by what the route authorises")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("catch-all route leaves the listing alone", func(t *testing.T) {
+		catchAll := enumerated
+		catchAll.Models = nil
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{catchAll}})
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+		assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels,
+			"a route that claims every model cannot bound the upstream's list")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("per-model lookup is not a listing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{enumerated}})
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models/claude-sonnet-5"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+		assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels,
+			"the single-object lookup has no data array to filter")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestRouter_ModelDetailHonoursAllowlist pins that GET /v1/models/{id} is
+// authorised against the model table. It carries no body model, so treating
+// it as a model-less endpoint would let a caller confirm a model the route
+// does not list — the listing itself is bounded to the allowlist, so the
+// detail lookup must be too.
+func TestRouter_ModelDetailHonoursAllowlist(t *testing.T) {
+	enumerated := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "anthropic-prod",
+		Models:          []string{"claude-sonnet-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "api.anthropic.com",
+	}
+
+	t.Run("allowlisted model routes and skips metering", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{enumerated}})
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models/claude-sonnet-5"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+		assert.Equal(t, "api.anthropic.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host)
+
+		nonInference, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMNonInference)
+		assert.Equal(t, "true", nonInference, "a detail lookup spends no tokens")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("model outside the allowlist denies", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{enumerated}})
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models/claude-opus-5"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision,
+			"a model no route lists must not be confirmed by the detail lookup")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("dated id matches its undated registration", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{enumerated}})
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models/claude-sonnet-5-20250929"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+			"a pinned release of an allowlisted family stays reachable")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("catch-all route still answers every lookup", func(t *testing.T) {
+		catchAll := enumerated
+		catchAll.Models = nil
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{catchAll}})
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), newModellessInput("/v1/models/anything-at-all"))
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+			"a gateway that enumerates nothing cannot refuse a lookup")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestRouter_NonInferenceRequiresReadMethod pins that the non-inference mark —
+// which exempts a request from the token pre-flight — is reachable only by the
+// read methods these endpoints actually use. A POST to the same path could
+// carry an inference body, so it must not buy the exemption; it falls through
+// to normal per-model routing instead, which denies when no model is named.
+func TestRouter_NonInferenceRequiresReadMethod(t *testing.T) {
+	route := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "gateway",
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "gateway.example.com",
+	}
+
+	for _, path := range []string{"/v1/models", "/v1/models/claude-sonnet-5", "/api/hello"} {
+		t.Run("POST "+path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+			in := newModellessInput(path)
+			in.Method = http.MethodPost
+
+			out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision,
+				"a write to a non-inference path must not route unmetered")
+
+			nonInference, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMNonInference)
+			assert.NotEqual(t, "true", nonInference,
+				"only a read method may skip the token pre-flight")
+		})
+	}
+
+	t.Run("HEAD keeps the warm probe working", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+		in := newModellessInput(connectionWarmPath)
+		in.Method = http.MethodHead
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision,
+			"the HEAD warm probe must still reach the upstream")
+
+		nonInference, _ := metaValue(t, out.Metadata, middleware.KeyLLMNonInference)
+		assert.Equal(t, "true", nonInference,
+			"the HEAD warm probe carries no model to meter")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestRouter_PinnedDatedModelStaysDistinct pins that a route registered
+// against one dated Anthropic release does not claim another. Normalising
+// both sides of the comparison made every dated build of a family
+// interchangeable, so an operator who deliberately pinned a build would have
+// served a different one — and with several such routes, declaration or path
+// order would have decided which.
+func TestRouter_PinnedDatedModelStaysDistinct(t *testing.T) {
+	pinned := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "anthropic-pinned",
+		Vendor:          "anthropic",
+		Models:          []string{"claude-sonnet-4-5-20250101"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "pinned.example.com",
+	}
+
+	t.Run("a different dated release is not claimed", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{pinned}})
+		in := newInputWithModelAndURL("claude-sonnet-4-5-20250202", "/v1/messages")
+		in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"})
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision,
+			"a route pinned to one dated build must not serve another")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("its own dated release still routes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{pinned}})
+		in := newInputWithModelAndURL("claude-sonnet-4-5-20250101", "/v1/messages")
+		in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"})
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "the exact match must still route")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("two pinned builds each route to their own provider", func(t *testing.T) {
+		other := pinned
+		other.ID = "anthropic-pinned-newer"
+		other.Models = []string{"claude-sonnet-4-5-20250202"}
+		other.UpstreamHost = "newer.example.com"
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{pinned, other}})
+
+		in := newInputWithModelAndURL("claude-sonnet-4-5-20250202", "/v1/messages")
+		in.Metadata = append(in.Metadata, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: "anthropic"})
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+		assert.Equal(t, "newer.example.com", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.Host,
+			"declaration order must not decide between two deliberately pinned builds")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestRouter_DiscoveryBoundToCallersPolicies pins that a model listing is
+// bounded by the policies that authorise the caller, not by the union across
+// everyone who can reach the provider. Two teams sharing one provider record
+// under different allowlists is the case that makes the difference visible: a
+// flattened per-provider list would offer each team the other's models, and
+// every one of those entries is a request the guardrail then refuses.
+func TestRouter_DiscoveryBoundToCallersPolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		eng   = "grp-eng"
+		sales = "grp-sales"
+	)
+	route := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "shared-gateway",
+		Models:          []string{"claude-sonnet-5", "claude-haiku-4-5", "gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{eng, sales},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "gateway.example.com",
+		ModelPolicies: []ModelPolicyRule{
+			{GroupIDs: []string{eng}, Models: []string{"claude-sonnet-5"}},
+			{GroupIDs: []string{sales}, Models: []string{"gpt-4o"}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	listingFor := func(t *testing.T, group string) []string {
+		t.Helper()
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+		in := newModellessInput(modelListingPath)
+		in.UserGroups = []string{group}
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+		return out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels
+	}
+
+	t.Run("each group sees only its own policy's models", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-5"}, listingFor(t, eng),
+			"engineering must not be offered the model only sales may use")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-4o"}, listingFor(t, sales),
+			"sales must not be offered the model only engineering may use")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("a model no policy allows is offered to nobody", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, group := range []string{eng, sales} {
+			assert.NotContains(t, listingFor(t, group), "claude-haiku-4-5",
+				"the provider serves it, but no policy permits it")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestRouter_DiscoveryUnrestrictedPolicy covers the lifting rule: a caller
+// holding one policy without a model allowlist sees everything the provider
+// enumerates, whatever the other policies say.
+func TestRouter_DiscoveryUnrestrictedPolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		eng   = "grp-eng"
+		admin = "grp-admin"
+	)
+	route := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "shared-gateway",
+		Models:          []string{"claude-sonnet-5", "gpt-4o"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{eng, admin},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "gateway.example.com",
+		ModelPolicies: []ModelPolicyRule{
+			{GroupIDs: []string{eng}, Models: []string{"claude-sonnet-5"}},
+			// nil Models: a policy that sets no allowlist at all.
+			{GroupIDs: []string{admin}},
+		},
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+	in := newModellessInput(modelListingPath)
+	in.UserGroups = []string{eng, admin}
+
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-5", "gpt-4o"},
+		out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels,
+		"an unrestricted policy the caller holds lifts the restriction")
+}
+
+// TestRouter_DiscoveryOnGatewayRecord covers a record that enumerates no
+// models. It previously offered the upstream's whole catalogue however narrow
+// the policy was, because there was nothing to intersect against; the policy
+// allowlist is now the bound on its own.
+func TestRouter_DiscoveryOnGatewayRecord(t *testing.T) {
+	const eng = "grp-eng"
+	base := ProviderRoute{
+		ID:              "litellm",
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{eng},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "litellm.internal",
+	}
+
+	t.Run("a policy allowlist bounds it", func(t *testing.T) {
+		route := base
+		route.ModelPolicies = []ModelPolicyRule{{GroupIDs: []string{eng}, Models: []string{"gpt-4o"}}}
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+		in := newModellessInput(modelListingPath)
+		in.UserGroups = []string{eng}
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"gpt-4o"}, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels,
+			"a catch-all record must still be bounded by what policy permits")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("an allowlist permitting nothing offers nothing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		route := base
+		route.ModelPolicies = []ModelPolicyRule{{GroupIDs: []string{eng}, Models: []string{}}}
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+		in := newModellessInput(modelListingPath)
+		in.UserGroups = []string{eng}
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+		assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels,
+			"an empty allowlist permits nothing, and must not be read as unrestricted")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no policy restriction leaves the listing alone", func(t *testing.T) {
+		mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{base}})
+
+		in := newModellessInput(modelListingPath)
+		in.UserGroups = []string{eng}
+
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+		assert.Nil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.DiscoveryModels,
+			"nothing narrows the listing, so the upstream's own answer passes through")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/path_routed_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/path_routed_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7dbd6b936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router/path_routed_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+package llm_router
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+)
+
+// pathRoutedInput builds an Input mimicking the post-llm_request_parser state
+// for a path-routed (Vertex/Bedrock) request: a request URL plus the model and
+// (optionally) provider/vendor metadata the parser emits.
+func pathRoutedInput(url, provider, model string) *middleware.Input {
+	md := []middleware.KV{{Key: middleware.KeyLLMModel, Value: model}}
+	if provider != "" {
+		md = append(md, middleware.KV{Key: middleware.KeyLLMProvider, Value: provider})
+	}
+	return &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:       middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		URL:        url,
+		Metadata:   md,
+		UserGroups: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+	}
+}
+
+func vertexRoute() ProviderRoute {
+	return ProviderRoute{
+		ID: "vertex-prod", Vertex: true,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "europe-west1-aiplatform.googleapis.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer x",
+	}
+}
+
+// A Vertex publisher with no parser surface (google/gemini emits no
+// llm.provider) must be denied, not forwarded unmetered.
+func TestRouter_VertexUnmeterablePublisherDenied(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{vertexRoute()}})
+	in := pathRoutedInput(
+		"/v1/projects/p/locations/global/publishers/google/models/gemini-2.5-pro:generateContent",
+		"", // google -> request parser emits NO llm.provider
+		"gemini-2.5-pro",
+	)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "unmeterable Vertex publisher must deny")
+	assert.Equal(t, 403, out.DenyStatus, "unmeterable deny is a 403")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeUnmeterable, out.DenyReason.Code, "deny code must flag the unmeterable publisher")
+}
+
+// A Vertex publisher with a parser surface (anthropic) is allowed.
+func TestRouter_VertexMeterablePublisherAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{vertexRoute()}})
+	in := pathRoutedInput(
+		"/v1/projects/p/locations/global/publishers/anthropic/models/claude-sonnet-4-5:rawPredict",
+		"anthropic",
+		"claude-sonnet-4-5",
+	)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "meterable Vertex publisher must allow")
+}
+
+// A path-routed provider with an explicit Models list must reject models not in
+// the list (the provider credential can't be used for unauthorised models).
+func TestRouter_PathRoutedModelAllowlistEnforced(t *testing.T) {
+	route := ProviderRoute{
+		ID: "bedrock-prod", Bedrock: true,
+		Models:          []string{"anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer x",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+	allowed := pathRoutedInput(
+		"/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/invoke",
+		"bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+	)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), allowed)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "model in the allowlist must be served")
+
+	denied := pathRoutedInput(
+		"/model/amazon.nova-pro-v1:0/invoke",
+		"bedrock", "amazon.nova-pro",
+	)
+	out, err = mw.Invoke(context.Background(), denied)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionDeny, out.Decision, "model outside the allowlist must deny")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.DenyReason)
+	assert.Equal(t, denyCodeNotRoutable, out.DenyReason.Code, "unlisted model denies as not-routable")
+}
+
+// A "/bedrock" gateway-namespace prefix routes the same as the native path and
+// records the prefix on the rewrite so the proxy strips it before forwarding.
+func TestRouter_BedrockNamespacePrefixStripped(t *testing.T) {
+	route := ProviderRoute{
+		ID: "bedrock-prod", Bedrock: true,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer x",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+
+	prefixed := pathRoutedInput(
+		"/bedrock/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/invoke-with-response-stream",
+		"bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+	)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), prefixed)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "prefixed Bedrock path must route")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations)
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/bedrock", out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.StripPathPrefix,
+		"namespace prefix must be recorded so the proxy strips it before forwarding")
+
+	native := pathRoutedInput(
+		"/model/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0/invoke",
+		"bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+	)
+	out, err = mw.Invoke(context.Background(), native)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "native Bedrock path must route")
+	require.NotNil(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream)
+	assert.Empty(t, out.Mutations.RewriteUpstream.StripPathPrefix,
+		"native path carries no namespace prefix to strip")
+}
+
+// A path-routed provider with no configured Models is catch-all: any model the
+// credential can reach is served (preserves the zero-config behaviour).
+func TestRouter_PathRoutedCatchAllServesAnyModel(t *testing.T) {
+	route := ProviderRoute{
+		ID: "bedrock-catchall", Bedrock: true,
+		AllowedGroupIDs: []string{defaultTestGroup},
+		UpstreamScheme:  "https",
+		UpstreamHost:    "bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		AuthHeaderName:  "Authorization",
+		AuthHeaderValue: "Bearer x",
+	}
+	mw := New(Config{Providers: []ProviderRoute{route}})
+	in := pathRoutedInput(
+		"/model/amazon.nova-pro-v1:0/invoke",
+		"bedrock", "amazon.nova-pro",
+	)
+	out, err := mw.Invoke(context.Background(), in)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DecisionAllow, out.Decision, "catch-all path-routed provider serves any model")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/chain.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/chain.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9eed93678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/chain.go
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// boundMiddleware pairs a validated spec with the resolved middleware
+// instance the chain will invoke.
+type boundMiddleware struct {
+	spec Spec
+	mw   Middleware
+}
+
+// Chain is the ordered set of middlewares that run for a specific
+// target. Chains are immutable once built; Manager produces a new
+// Chain on every Rebuild.
+//
+// Ordering: middlewares are kept in registration order. RunRequest
+// iterates the SlotOnRequest middlewares in order; RunResponse
+// iterates the SlotOnResponse middlewares in reverse order
+// (middleware-style LIFO so the last to see the request is the first
+// to see the response); RunTerminal iterates the SlotTerminal
+// middlewares in registration order, after every on_response slot has
+// emitted, so the metadata bag they observe is complete.
+//
+// Close drains in-flight invocations and tears down each middleware.
+// Callers swapping a chain via Manager invoke Close on the old chain
+// after the swap so live requests finish on the previous instance.
+type Chain struct {
+	targetID   string
+	all        []boundMiddleware
+	onRequest  []int
+	onResponse []int
+	terminal   []int
+	dispatcher *Dispatcher
+	inflight   sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+// NewChain assembles a Chain from the bound middlewares. The slice
+// order is the registration order; the chain captures index slices
+// per slot so iteration does not re-scan the slot field per call.
+func NewChain(targetID string, bound []boundMiddleware, d *Dispatcher) *Chain {
+	c := &Chain{
+		targetID:   targetID,
+		all:        bound,
+		dispatcher: d,
+	}
+	for i, bm := range bound {
+		switch bm.spec.Slot {
+		case SlotOnRequest:
+			c.onRequest = append(c.onRequest, i)
+		case SlotOnResponse:
+			c.onResponse = append(c.onResponse, i)
+		case SlotTerminal:
+			c.terminal = append(c.terminal, i)
+		}
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+// Close waits for outstanding invocations against this chain to
+// finish (bounded by ctx) and releases the middleware instances bound
+// to it. Safe to call once the chain has been removed from the
+// routing snapshot. Subsequent Run* calls are still safe (return
+// without invoking) but Close itself is one-shot.
+func (c *Chain) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		c.inflight.Wait()
+		close(done)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		// Drain timed out: requests may still be running against these
+		// middleware instances, so tearing them down now risks a
+		// use-after-close. Leave them (a bounded leak) and surface the
+		// timeout; the runaway backstop in the Manager already alerts.
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+	for _, bm := range c.all {
+		if bm.mw == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := bm.mw.Close(); err != nil {
+			c.dispatcher.logger.Debugf("middleware %s close: %v", bm.spec.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Empty reports whether the chain has no middlewares.
+func (c *Chain) Empty() bool {
+	return c == nil || len(c.all) == 0
+}
+
+// TargetID returns the key used to find this chain.
+func (c *Chain) TargetID() string {
+	if c == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return c.targetID
+}
+
+// IDs returns the ordered list of middleware IDs bound to this chain.
+func (c *Chain) IDs() []string {
+	if c == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, len(c.all))
+	for i, bm := range c.all {
+		out[i] = bm.spec.ID
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// RunRequest iterates the on_request slot in registration order. Deny
+// short-circuits the remaining middlewares and returns the deny
+// output. The caller owns applying mutations to the real request and
+// merging the metadata returned in `merged` into the captured-data
+// bag passed to subsequent slots.
+//
+// Each middleware sees the metadata emitted by earlier middlewares in
+// the same slot — this is how llm_guardrail reads
+// llm.request_prompt_raw from llm_request_parser without a side
+// channel, and how cost_meter reads tokens emitted by
+// llm_response_parser on the response leg.
+//
+// If any middleware emits a non-nil Mutations.RewriteUpstream while
+// satisfying the mutation gates (CanMutate && MutationsSupported), the
+// latest such value is returned to the caller. Last-write-wins so the
+// last middleware in the slot can override an earlier rewrite.
+func (c *Chain) RunRequest(ctx context.Context, r *http.Request, in *Input, acc *Accumulator) (denied *Output, merged []KV, rewrite *UpstreamRewrite, err error) {
+	if c.Empty() || len(c.onRequest) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil, nil, nil
+	}
+	c.inflight.Add(1)
+	defer c.inflight.Done()
+	running := append([]KV(nil), in.Metadata...)
+	for _, idx := range c.onRequest {
+		bm := c.all[idx]
+		call := cloneInputFor(in, SlotOnRequest)
+		call.Metadata = append([]KV(nil), running...)
+		out, invErr := c.dispatcher.Invoke(ctx, bm.spec, bm.mw, call)
+		if invErr != nil && out == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if out == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		accepted, rejected := acc.Emit(bm.spec.ID, bm.spec.MetadataKeys, out.Metadata)
+		for _, rej := range rejected {
+			c.dispatcher.metrics.IncMetadataRejected(ctx, bm.spec.ID, rej.Reason)
+		}
+		merged = append(merged, accepted...)
+		running = append(running, accepted...)
+
+		if out.Decision == DecisionDeny {
+			c.dispatcher.metrics.IncRequest(ctx, bm.spec.ID, c.targetID, "deny")
+			return out, merged, rewrite, nil
+		}
+		c.dispatcher.metrics.IncRequest(ctx, bm.spec.ID, c.targetID, "allow")
+
+		if rw := mutationRewrite(bm.spec, out.Mutations); rw != nil {
+			rewrite = rw
+		}
+		if r != nil && bm.spec.CanMutate && out.Mutations != nil {
+			applyMutations(ctx, c.dispatcher, bm.spec, r, out.Mutations)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, merged, rewrite, nil
+}
+
+// RunResponse iterates the on_response slot in reverse registration
+// order, matching the middleware "last in, first out" convention so
+// the last middleware to see the request is the first to see the
+// response. Middlewares cannot deny; they emit metadata.
+//
+// As with RunRequest, each middleware sees the metadata emitted by
+// earlier middlewares in this slot — accumulated in the order the
+// middlewares run (LIFO of registration). cost_meter relies on this
+// to read llm.input_tokens / llm.output_tokens that
+// llm_response_parser emitted just before it.
+func (c *Chain) RunResponse(ctx context.Context, in *Input, acc *Accumulator) (merged []KV) {
+	if c.Empty() || len(c.onResponse) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.inflight.Add(1)
+	defer c.inflight.Done()
+	running := append([]KV(nil), in.Metadata...)
+	for i := len(c.onResponse) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		bm := c.all[c.onResponse[i]]
+		call := cloneInputFor(in, SlotOnResponse)
+		call.Metadata = append([]KV(nil), running...)
+		out, _ := c.dispatcher.Invoke(ctx, bm.spec, bm.mw, call)
+		if out == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		accepted, rejected := acc.Emit(bm.spec.ID, bm.spec.MetadataKeys, out.Metadata)
+		for _, rej := range rejected {
+			c.dispatcher.metrics.IncMetadataRejected(ctx, bm.spec.ID, rej.Reason)
+		}
+		merged = append(merged, accepted...)
+		running = append(running, accepted...)
+		c.dispatcher.metrics.IncRequest(ctx, bm.spec.ID, c.targetID, "passthrough")
+	}
+	return merged
+}
+
+// RunTerminal iterates the terminal slot in registration order, after
+// every on_response middleware has emitted. Terminal middlewares
+// observe the full metadata bag carried in `in.Metadata` plus any
+// emissions from terminal middlewares that ran before them; they
+// cannot deny and cannot mutate.
+func (c *Chain) RunTerminal(ctx context.Context, in *Input, acc *Accumulator) (merged []KV) {
+	if c.Empty() || len(c.terminal) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.inflight.Add(1)
+	defer c.inflight.Done()
+	running := append([]KV(nil), in.Metadata...)
+	for _, idx := range c.terminal {
+		bm := c.all[idx]
+		call := cloneInputFor(in, SlotTerminal)
+		call.Metadata = append([]KV(nil), running...)
+		out, _ := c.dispatcher.Invoke(ctx, bm.spec, bm.mw, call)
+		if out == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		accepted, rejected := acc.Emit(bm.spec.ID, bm.spec.MetadataKeys, out.Metadata)
+		for _, rej := range rejected {
+			c.dispatcher.metrics.IncMetadataRejected(ctx, bm.spec.ID, rej.Reason)
+		}
+		merged = append(merged, accepted...)
+		running = append(running, accepted...)
+		c.dispatcher.metrics.IncRequest(ctx, bm.spec.ID, c.targetID, "terminal")
+	}
+	return merged
+}
+
+// mutationRewrite returns the upstream rewrite carried in m when the
+// spec's mutation gates allow it. The rewrite itself is not applied
+// here; the caller (reverse proxy) decides whether to honour it.
+func mutationRewrite(spec Spec, m *Mutations) *UpstreamRewrite {
+	if m == nil || m.RewriteUpstream == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !spec.CanMutate || !spec.MutationsSupported {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return m.RewriteUpstream
+}
+
+func applyMutations(ctx context.Context, d *Dispatcher, spec Spec, r *http.Request, m *Mutations) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	add, remove, blocked := filterHeaderMutations(m, spec.ID)
+	for _, h := range blocked {
+		d.metrics.IncHeaderMutationBlocked(ctx, spec.ID, h)
+	}
+	for _, name := range remove {
+		r.Header.Del(name)
+	}
+	for _, kv := range add {
+		r.Header.Add(kv.Key, kv.Value)
+	}
+	if len(m.BodyReplace) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := ValidateBodyReplace(r, m.BodyReplace, true); err != nil {
+		d.logger.Warnf("middleware %s body replace rejected: %v", spec.ID, err)
+		return
+	}
+	ApplyBodyReplace(r, m.BodyReplace)
+}
+
+// cloneInputFor deep-copies the mutation-prone fields of Input so
+// each middleware receives an isolated view.
+func cloneInputFor(in *Input, slot Slot) *Input {
+	if in == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := *in
+	out.Slot = slot
+	out.Headers = cloneKVs(in.Headers)
+	out.RespHeaders = cloneKVs(in.RespHeaders)
+	out.Metadata = cloneKVs(in.Metadata)
+	if len(in.UserGroups) > 0 {
+		out.UserGroups = append([]string(nil), in.UserGroups...)
+	}
+	if len(in.UserGroupNames) > 0 {
+		out.UserGroupNames = append([]string(nil), in.UserGroupNames...)
+	}
+	if len(in.Body) > 0 {
+		out.Body = append([]byte(nil), in.Body...)
+	}
+	if len(in.RespBody) > 0 {
+		out.RespBody = append([]byte(nil), in.RespBody...)
+	}
+	return &out
+}
+
+func cloneKVs(in []KV) []KV {
+	if len(in) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]KV, len(in))
+	copy(out, in)
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/chain_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/chain_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffb23271e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/chain_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// fakeMiddleware is a minimal Middleware for chain composition tests.
+// It records the metadata the dispatcher hands to it and emits a
+// caller-supplied Output. Tests use the recorded snapshot to assert
+// that earlier-in-slot emissions are visible to later middlewares.
+type fakeMiddleware struct {
+	id                 string
+	slot               Slot
+	keys               []string
+	emit               []KV
+	decision           Decision
+	mutationsSupported bool
+	canMutate          bool
+	mutations          *Mutations
+
+	// seen captures the in.Metadata snapshot the dispatcher passed to
+	// Invoke, so tests can assert ordering and visibility.
+	seen []KV
+}
+
+func (f *fakeMiddleware) ID() string                     { return f.id }
+func (f *fakeMiddleware) Version() string                { return "test" }
+func (f *fakeMiddleware) Slot() Slot                     { return f.slot }
+func (f *fakeMiddleware) AcceptedContentTypes() []string { return nil }
+func (f *fakeMiddleware) MetadataKeys() []string         { return f.keys }
+func (f *fakeMiddleware) MutationsSupported() bool       { return f.mutationsSupported }
+func (f *fakeMiddleware) Close() error                   { return nil }
+
+func (f *fakeMiddleware) Invoke(_ context.Context, in *Input) (*Output, error) {
+	f.seen = append([]KV(nil), in.Metadata...)
+	out := &Output{Decision: f.decision, Metadata: append([]KV(nil), f.emit...)}
+	if f.mutations != nil {
+		m := *f.mutations
+		out.Mutations = &m
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// chainFor builds a Chain over the given middlewares with a noop
+// dispatcher.
+func chainFor(t *testing.T, mws ...*fakeMiddleware) *Chain {
+	t.Helper()
+	bound := make([]boundMiddleware, len(mws))
+	for i, mw := range mws {
+		bound[i] = boundMiddleware{
+			spec: Spec{
+				ID:                 mw.id,
+				Slot:               mw.slot,
+				Enabled:            true,
+				MetadataKeys:       mw.keys,
+				CanMutate:          mw.canMutate,
+				MutationsSupported: mw.mutationsSupported,
+			},
+			mw: mw,
+		}
+	}
+	disp := NewDispatcher(nil, nil)
+	return NewChain("t-1", bound, disp)
+}
+
+// TestChain_RunRequest_ThreadsMetadataAcrossMiddlewares locks that
+// each on_request middleware sees metadata emitted by earlier
+// middlewares in the same slot. Regression cover for the original
+// chain.go where every iteration cloned from the same source `in` and
+// later middlewares (e.g. llm_guardrail) couldn't read what the first
+// (e.g. llm_request_parser) had just emitted.
+func TestChain_RunRequest_ThreadsMetadataAcrossMiddlewares(t *testing.T) {
+	first := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:   "first",
+		slot: SlotOnRequest,
+		keys: []string{"foo.k"},
+		emit: []KV{{Key: "foo.k", Value: "v"}},
+	}
+	second := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:   "second",
+		slot: SlotOnRequest,
+		keys: []string{"bar.k"},
+		emit: []KV{{Key: "bar.k", Value: "z"}},
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, first, second)
+	acc := NewAccumulator(0)
+
+	denied, merged, rewrite, err := c.RunRequest(context.Background(), nil, &Input{}, acc)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, denied, "no deny without DecisionDeny")
+	assert.Nil(t, rewrite, "no rewrite without Mutations.RewriteUpstream")
+
+	require.Len(t, second.seen, 1, "the second middleware must observe one prior emission")
+	assert.Equal(t, "foo.k", second.seen[0].Key, "second middleware must see the first middleware's key")
+	assert.Equal(t, "v", second.seen[0].Value, "second middleware must see the first middleware's value")
+
+	require.Len(t, merged, 2, "merged slice contains both middleware emissions")
+}
+
+// TestChain_RunResponse_ThreadsMetadataAcrossMiddlewares does the
+// same for the response slot. The response slot iterates in reverse
+// registration order, so the middleware registered LAST runs first.
+// This test asserts that a middleware running later (in reverse
+// order) sees the metadata emitted by the one that ran before it.
+func TestChain_RunResponse_ThreadsMetadataAcrossMiddlewares(t *testing.T) {
+	// Registration order: [outer, inner].
+	// Reverse iteration runs inner first, outer second.
+	// outer must see inner's emission.
+	outer := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:   "outer",
+		slot: SlotOnResponse,
+		keys: []string{"outer.k"},
+		emit: []KV{{Key: "outer.k", Value: "o"}},
+	}
+	inner := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:   "inner",
+		slot: SlotOnResponse,
+		keys: []string{"inner.k"},
+		emit: []KV{{Key: "inner.k", Value: "i"}},
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, outer, inner)
+	acc := NewAccumulator(0)
+
+	merged := c.RunResponse(context.Background(), &Input{}, acc)
+
+	require.Len(t, outer.seen, 1, "outer must observe inner's emission")
+	assert.Equal(t, "inner.k", outer.seen[0].Key)
+	require.Len(t, merged, 2, "merged slice contains both response emissions")
+}
+
+// TestChain_RunResponse_CostMeterScenario simulates the synth-service
+// chain shape (response_parser registered AFTER cost_meter so reverse
+// iter runs response_parser first). The cost_meter analogue must see
+// the tokens response_parser just emitted — this is the exact
+// regression that produced cost.skipped=missing_tokens in the live
+// access logs.
+func TestChain_RunResponse_CostMeterScenario(t *testing.T) {
+	// Synthesizer registers cost_meter first, response_parser second.
+	costMeter := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:   "cost_meter",
+		slot: SlotOnResponse,
+		keys: []string{"cost.usd_total", "cost.skipped"},
+	}
+	respParser := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:   "llm_response_parser",
+		slot: SlotOnResponse,
+		keys: []string{"llm.input_tokens", "llm.output_tokens"},
+		emit: []KV{
+			{Key: "llm.input_tokens", Value: "13"},
+			{Key: "llm.output_tokens", Value: "259"},
+		},
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, costMeter, respParser)
+	acc := NewAccumulator(0)
+
+	_ = c.RunResponse(context.Background(), &Input{}, acc)
+
+	require.Len(t, costMeter.seen, 2, "cost_meter must observe both token keys emitted by response_parser")
+	keys := []string{costMeter.seen[0].Key, costMeter.seen[1].Key}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"llm.input_tokens", "llm.output_tokens"}, keys,
+		"cost_meter must see the exact keys response_parser emitted")
+	values := []string{costMeter.seen[0].Value, costMeter.seen[1].Value}
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"13", "259"}, values, "cost_meter must see the exact token counts")
+	for _, kv := range costMeter.seen {
+		_, err := strconv.Atoi(kv.Value)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "values handed to cost_meter must be numeric (regression for missing_tokens)")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestChain_RunResponse_DetachedContextStillRecords guards the metering
+// fix in reverseproxy.go. The response/terminal phase runs after the body
+// is forwarded, so a streaming client has usually disconnected by then,
+// cancelling its request context. The dispatcher derives each middleware's
+// context from the one passed here and short-circuits to fail-mode the
+// instant it's Done, which silently drops token/cost metering. The reverse
+// proxy now detaches that phase with context.WithoutCancel; this proves a
+// context detached from an already-cancelled parent still lets a response
+// middleware emit. (The cancelled-parent direction is intentionally not
+// asserted: the dispatcher's select over ctx.Done vs the result channel is
+// racy when both are ready, which is exactly why the bug was intermittent.)
+func TestChain_RunResponse_DetachedContextStillRecords(t *testing.T) {
+	resp := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:       "recorder",
+		slot:     SlotOnResponse,
+		keys:     []string{"llm.input_tokens"},
+		emit:     []KV{{Key: "llm.input_tokens", Value: "42"}},
+		decision: DecisionPassthrough,
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, resp)
+
+	clientCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel() // client disconnected after the stream completed
+	require.Error(t, clientCtx.Err(), "client context must be cancelled for the test to be meaningful")
+
+	detached := context.WithoutCancel(clientCtx)
+	require.NoError(t, detached.Err(), "detached context must not inherit the client's cancellation")
+
+	acc := NewAccumulator(MaxRequestMetadataBytes)
+	merged := c.RunResponse(detached, &Input{Slot: SlotOnResponse}, acc)
+
+	var got string
+	for _, kv := range merged {
+		if kv.Key == "llm.input_tokens" {
+			got = kv.Value
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "42", got, "response middleware must still emit token metadata under the detached context")
+}
+
+// TestChain_RunRequest_LatestRewriteWins asserts that when two
+// on_request middlewares both emit an UpstreamRewrite, the chain
+// returns the value from the later middleware.
+func TestChain_RunRequest_LatestRewriteWins(t *testing.T) {
+	first := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:                 "first",
+		slot:               SlotOnRequest,
+		mutationsSupported: true,
+		canMutate:          true,
+		mutations:          &Mutations{RewriteUpstream: &UpstreamRewrite{Scheme: "https", Host: "first.test"}},
+	}
+	second := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:                 "second",
+		slot:               SlotOnRequest,
+		mutationsSupported: true,
+		canMutate:          true,
+		mutations:          &Mutations{RewriteUpstream: &UpstreamRewrite{Scheme: "https", Host: "second.test"}},
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, first, second)
+	acc := NewAccumulator(0)
+
+	denied, _, rewrite, err := c.RunRequest(context.Background(), nil, &Input{}, acc)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, denied, "neither middleware denies")
+	require.NotNil(t, rewrite, "chain must surface the rewrite emitted by the on_request slot")
+	assert.Equal(t, "https", rewrite.Scheme, "rewrite scheme must come from the later middleware")
+	assert.Equal(t, "second.test", rewrite.Host, "rewrite host must come from the later middleware (last-write-wins)")
+}
+
+// TestChain_RunRequest_NoRewrite_NilReturn asserts the chain returns a
+// nil rewrite when no middleware emits one.
+func TestChain_RunRequest_NoRewrite_NilReturn(t *testing.T) {
+	first := &fakeMiddleware{id: "first", slot: SlotOnRequest}
+	second := &fakeMiddleware{id: "second", slot: SlotOnRequest}
+	c := chainFor(t, first, second)
+	acc := NewAccumulator(0)
+
+	denied, _, rewrite, err := c.RunRequest(context.Background(), nil, &Input{}, acc)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, denied, "neither middleware denies")
+	assert.Nil(t, rewrite, "chain must return nil rewrite when no middleware emits one")
+}
+
+// TestChain_ApplyMutations_RewriteGatedOnCanMutate asserts that a
+// middleware emitting an UpstreamRewrite with CanMutate=false has its
+// rewrite filtered out by the chain. The dispatcher's filterOutput
+// already clears Mutations when the gates fail; the chain's defensive
+// gate inside mutationRewrite mirrors that contract so a stale
+// Mutations field cannot leak through.
+func TestChain_ApplyMutations_RewriteGatedOnCanMutate(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:                 "first",
+		slot:               SlotOnRequest,
+		mutationsSupported: true,
+		canMutate:          false,
+		mutations:          &Mutations{RewriteUpstream: &UpstreamRewrite{Scheme: "https", Host: "denied.test"}},
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, mw)
+	acc := NewAccumulator(0)
+
+	denied, _, rewrite, err := c.RunRequest(context.Background(), nil, &Input{}, acc)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, denied, "middleware does not deny")
+	assert.Nil(t, rewrite, "rewrite must be filtered when CanMutate=false")
+}
+
+func TestChain_IdentityInjectReplacesReservedNetBirdHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:                 "llm_identity_inject",
+		slot:               SlotOnRequest,
+		mutationsSupported: true,
+		canMutate:          true,
+		mutations: &Mutations{
+			HeadersRemove: []string{"x-netbird-user-id", "x-netbird-groups"},
+			HeadersAdd: []KV{
+				{Key: "x-netbird-user-id", Value: "trusted-user"},
+				{Key: "x-netbird-groups", Value: "trusted-group"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, mw)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://gateway.example.com/v1/models", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	req.Header.Set("x-netbird-user-id", "spoofed-user")
+	req.Header.Set("x-netbird-groups", "spoofed-group")
+
+	denied, _, _, err := c.RunRequest(context.Background(), req, &Input{}, NewAccumulator(0))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, denied, "identity injection must not deny the request")
+	assert.Equal(t, "trusted-user", req.Header.Get("x-netbird-user-id"),
+		"the built-in identity middleware must replace a spoofed user header")
+	assert.Equal(t, "trusted-group", req.Header.Get("x-netbird-groups"),
+		"the built-in identity middleware must replace spoofed groups")
+}
+
+func TestChain_OtherMiddlewareCannotReplaceReservedNetBirdHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	mw := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:                 "untrusted-middleware",
+		slot:               SlotOnRequest,
+		mutationsSupported: true,
+		canMutate:          true,
+		mutations: &Mutations{
+			HeadersRemove: []string{"x-netbird-user-id", "x-netbird-groups"},
+			HeadersAdd: []KV{
+				{Key: "x-netbird-user-id", Value: "replacement-user"},
+				{Key: "x-netbird-groups", Value: "replacement-group"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, mw)
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://gateway.example.com/v1/models", nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	req.Header.Set("x-netbird-user-id", "original-user")
+	req.Header.Set("x-netbird-groups", "original-group")
+
+	denied, _, _, err := c.RunRequest(context.Background(), req, &Input{}, NewAccumulator(0))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, denied, "blocked mutations must not deny the request")
+	assert.Equal(t, "original-user", req.Header.Get("x-netbird-user-id"),
+		"other middleware must remain unable to mutate reserved identity headers")
+	assert.Equal(t, "original-group", req.Header.Get("x-netbird-groups"),
+		"other middleware must remain unable to mutate reserved identity headers")
+}
+
+// TestChain_RunRequest_PropagatesUserGroups asserts the chain forwards
+// Input.UserGroups verbatim through cloneInputFor so policy-aware
+// middlewares (e.g. llm_policy_check) can authorise without an extra
+// management round-trip.
+func TestChain_RunRequest_PropagatesUserGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	groupCapture := &userGroupCaptureMiddleware{
+		id:   "group-capture",
+		slot: SlotOnRequest,
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, groupCapture.fake())
+	groupCapture.bind(c)
+	acc := NewAccumulator(0)
+
+	in := &Input{UserGroups: []string{"g1"}}
+	denied, _, _, err := c.RunRequest(context.Background(), nil, in, acc)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, denied, "no deny without DecisionDeny")
+
+	require.Len(t, groupCapture.seenGroups, 1, "middleware must observe the caller's UserGroups")
+	assert.Equal(t, "g1", groupCapture.seenGroups[0], "UserGroups must reach the middleware verbatim")
+}
+
+// userGroupCaptureMiddleware is a fakeMiddleware variant that records
+// Input.UserGroups during Invoke. It exists so the cloneInputFor
+// behaviour for the new field can be asserted without leaking into
+// every other chain test.
+type userGroupCaptureMiddleware struct {
+	id         string
+	slot       Slot
+	seenGroups []string
+	fakeMW     *fakeMiddleware
+}
+
+func (u *userGroupCaptureMiddleware) fake() *fakeMiddleware {
+	u.fakeMW = &fakeMiddleware{id: u.id, slot: u.slot}
+	return u.fakeMW
+}
+
+func (u *userGroupCaptureMiddleware) bind(c *Chain) {
+	for i, bm := range c.all {
+		if bm.spec.ID != u.id {
+			continue
+		}
+		c.all[i].mw = userGroupRecorder{
+			fakeMiddleware: u.fakeMW,
+			parent:         u,
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type userGroupRecorder struct {
+	*fakeMiddleware
+	parent *userGroupCaptureMiddleware
+}
+
+func (r userGroupRecorder) Invoke(ctx context.Context, in *Input) (*Output, error) {
+	r.parent.seenGroups = append([]string(nil), in.UserGroups...)
+	return r.fakeMiddleware.Invoke(ctx, in)
+}
+
+// TestChain_RunTerminal_SeesAccumulatedMetadata locks that terminal
+// middlewares observe the full bag (the caller-supplied in.Metadata
+// plus any prior terminal emissions).
+func TestChain_RunTerminal_SeesAccumulatedMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	first := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:   "term-1",
+		slot: SlotTerminal,
+		keys: []string{"term.first"},
+		emit: []KV{{Key: "term.first", Value: "1"}},
+	}
+	second := &fakeMiddleware{
+		id:   "term-2",
+		slot: SlotTerminal,
+		keys: []string{"term.second"},
+	}
+	c := chainFor(t, first, second)
+	acc := NewAccumulator(0)
+
+	in := &Input{Metadata: []KV{{Key: "ext.k", Value: "ext"}}}
+	merged := c.RunTerminal(context.Background(), in, acc)
+
+	require.Len(t, second.seen, 2, "second terminal must see ext bag + first terminal's emission")
+	got := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kv := range second.seen {
+		got[kv.Key] = kv.Value
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, "ext", got["ext.k"], "external bag carries through")
+	assert.Equal(t, "1", got["term.first"], "first terminal's emission visible to second terminal")
+	assert.Len(t, merged, 1, "only first terminal emitted; second emitted nothing")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/decision.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/decision.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97dca4af5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/decision.go
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"regexp"
+)
+
+var codeRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z][a-z0-9._-]{0,63}$`)
+
+// denyResponse is the on-wire shape rendered by RenderDenyResponse.
+// Keeping this as a typed struct ensures we never leak
+// middleware-supplied bytes outside known fields.
+//
+// Type and Error mirror the denial in the vendor's own error shape when
+// the request reached a known LLM surface. LLM clients only parse their
+// provider's envelope, so without the mirror a budget stop reaches the
+// user as an unexplained API error. The NetBird fields stay where they
+// were, so the body is a superset and existing consumers are unaffected.
+type denyResponse struct {
+	Code       string            `json:"code"`
+	Message    string            `json:"message,omitempty"`
+	Details    map[string]string `json:"details,omitempty"`
+	Middleware string            `json:"middleware,omitempty"`
+	Type       string            `json:"type,omitempty"`
+	Error      *providerError    `json:"error,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// providerError is the nested error object both vendor envelopes carry.
+type providerError struct {
+	Type    string `json:"type"`
+	Message string `json:"message,omitempty"`
+	Code    string `json:"code,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Vendor error types keyed by HTTP status, per each provider's published
+// error reference.
+const (
+	anthropicErrInvalidRequest = "invalid_request_error"
+	anthropicErrPermission     = "permission_error"
+	anthropicErrRateLimit      = "rate_limit_error"
+	anthropicErrAPI            = "api_error"
+	openAIErrInvalidRequest    = "invalid_request_error"
+	openAIErrRateLimit         = "rate_limit_error"
+)
+
+// providerEnvelope returns the vendor-shaped mirror for a denial on the
+// given surface, or nil when the surface has no envelope we can speak.
+// message is the already-redacted public message.
+func providerEnvelope(surface, code, message string, status int) (string, *providerError) {
+	switch surface {
+	case "anthropic":
+		return "error", &providerError{
+			Type:    anthropicErrorType(status),
+			Message: message,
+		}
+	case "openai":
+		return "", &providerError{
+			Type:    openAIErrorType(status),
+			Message: message,
+			Code:    code,
+		}
+	default:
+		return "", nil
+	}
+}
+
+func anthropicErrorType(status int) string {
+	switch status {
+	case http.StatusForbidden:
+		return anthropicErrPermission
+	case http.StatusTooManyRequests:
+		return anthropicErrRateLimit
+	case http.StatusBadRequest:
+		return anthropicErrInvalidRequest
+	default:
+		return anthropicErrAPI
+	}
+}
+
+func openAIErrorType(status int) string {
+	if status == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
+		return openAIErrRateLimit
+	}
+	return openAIErrInvalidRequest
+}
+
+// RenderDenyResponse writes a structured JSON deny body. Status is
+// clamped to [400, 499] excluding 401 (to avoid conflicts with the
+// proxy's auth flow). All middleware-supplied strings are redacted and
+// truncated. On any validation failure the function writes a generic
+// 403.
+func RenderDenyResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, middlewareID string, reason *DenyReason, defaultStatus int) {
+	status := clampDenyStatus(defaultStatus)
+
+	if reason == nil || !codeRegex.MatchString(reason.Code) {
+		writeGenericDeny(w, middlewareID, status)
+		return
+	}
+
+	resp := denyResponse{
+		Code:       reason.Code,
+		Message:    truncate(Scan(reason.Message), 256),
+		Middleware: truncate(Scan(middlewareID), 64),
+	}
+	resp.Type, resp.Error = providerEnvelope(reason.Surface, resp.Code, resp.Message, status)
+	if n := len(reason.Details); n > 0 {
+		resp.Details = make(map[string]string, min(n, 8))
+		for k, v := range reason.Details {
+			if len(resp.Details) >= 8 {
+				break
+			}
+			safeKey := truncate(Scan(k), 64)
+			if safeKey == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			resp.Details[safeKey] = truncate(Scan(v), 256)
+		}
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+	w.WriteHeader(status)
+	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(resp); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func writeGenericDeny(w http.ResponseWriter, middlewareID string, status int) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+	w.WriteHeader(status)
+	_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(denyResponse{Code: "middleware.error", Middleware: truncate(Scan(middlewareID), 64)})
+}
+
+func clampDenyStatus(s int) int {
+	if s < 400 || s >= 500 {
+		return http.StatusForbidden
+	}
+	if s == http.StatusUnauthorized {
+		return http.StatusForbidden
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func truncate(s string, n int) string {
+	if len(s) <= n {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s[:n]
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/decision_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/decision_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf14c86ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/decision_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// decodeDeny renders a denial and returns the parsed body plus the status.
+func decodeDeny(t *testing.T, reason *DenyReason, status int) (map[string]any, int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	RenderDenyResponse(rec, "llm_limit_check", reason, status)
+
+	var body map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rec.Body.Bytes(), &body), "deny body must be valid JSON")
+	return body, rec.Code
+}
+
+// TestRenderDeny_AnthropicSurfaceMirrorsVendorShape covers a budget stop
+// reaching Claude Code. The client only parses the Anthropic envelope, so
+// without the mirror the user sees an unexplained API error instead of the
+// reason their request was refused.
+func TestRenderDeny_AnthropicSurfaceMirrorsVendorShape(t *testing.T) {
+	body, status := decodeDeny(t, &DenyReason{
+		Code:    "llm_policy.budget_cap_exceeded",
+		Message: "LLM policy limit exceeded",
+		Surface: "anthropic",
+	}, http.StatusForbidden)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusForbidden, status)
+	assert.Equal(t, "error", body["type"], "Anthropic errors carry type=error at the top level")
+
+	errObj, ok := body["error"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok, "error must be an object")
+	assert.Equal(t, "permission_error", errObj["type"], "403 maps to permission_error")
+	assert.Equal(t, "LLM policy limit exceeded", errObj["message"])
+
+	// The NetBird fields stay put so existing consumers keep working.
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.budget_cap_exceeded", body["code"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "LLM policy limit exceeded", body["message"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_limit_check", body["middleware"])
+}
+
+// TestRenderDeny_OpenAISurfaceMirrorsVendorShape pins the OpenAI envelope,
+// which nests the code and carries no top-level type.
+func TestRenderDeny_OpenAISurfaceMirrorsVendorShape(t *testing.T) {
+	body, _ := decodeDeny(t, &DenyReason{
+		Code:    "llm_policy.model_blocked",
+		Message: "model is not in the policy allowlist",
+		Surface: "openai",
+	}, http.StatusForbidden)
+
+	assert.NotContains(t, body, "type", "OpenAI errors have no top-level type")
+
+	errObj, ok := body["error"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok, "error must be an object")
+	assert.Equal(t, "invalid_request_error", errObj["type"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_blocked", errObj["code"], "the NetBird code rides in the vendor code field")
+	assert.Equal(t, "model is not in the policy allowlist", errObj["message"])
+}
+
+// TestRenderDeny_RateLimitStatusMapsToVendorRateLimit pins the mapping a
+// client's backoff keys on.
+func TestRenderDeny_RateLimitStatusMapsToVendorRateLimit(t *testing.T) {
+	body, status := decodeDeny(t, &DenyReason{
+		Code:    "llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded",
+		Message: "LLM policy limit exceeded",
+		Surface: "anthropic",
+	}, http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusTooManyRequests, status, "429 must survive the status clamp")
+	errObj := body["error"].(map[string]any)
+	assert.Equal(t, "rate_limit_error", errObj["type"])
+}
+
+// TestRenderDeny_NoSurfaceKeepsLegacyShape guards non-LLM middlewares and
+// denials raised before a surface is known.
+func TestRenderDeny_NoSurfaceKeepsLegacyShape(t *testing.T) {
+	body, _ := decodeDeny(t, &DenyReason{
+		Code:    "llm_policy.model_not_routable",
+		Message: "no provider configured for model x",
+	}, http.StatusForbidden)
+
+	assert.NotContains(t, body, "type", "no surface means no vendor mirror")
+	assert.NotContains(t, body, "error", "no surface means no vendor mirror")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_policy.model_not_routable", body["code"])
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/dispatcher.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/dispatcher.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..316604651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/dispatcher.go
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// Dispatcher reliability kinds reported via
+// proxy.middleware.errors_total{kind=...}.
+const (
+	ErrorKindPanic       = "panic"
+	ErrorKindTimeout     = "timeout"
+	ErrorKindInvokeError = "invoke_error"
+)
+
+// Dispatcher drives a single middleware invocation with panic
+// recovery, deadline, and output filtering. Safe for concurrent use.
+type Dispatcher struct {
+	metrics *Metrics
+	logger  *log.Logger
+}
+
+// NewDispatcher returns a dispatcher that emits on the provided
+// metrics bundle and logger. A nil metrics bundle falls back to a noop
+// instrument set; a nil logger falls back to the standard logger.
+func NewDispatcher(metrics *Metrics, logger *log.Logger) *Dispatcher {
+	if metrics == nil {
+		metrics, _ = NewMetrics(nil)
+	}
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = log.StandardLogger()
+	}
+	return &Dispatcher{metrics: metrics, logger: logger}
+}
+
+// Invoke runs a single middleware under the reliability wrappers:
+// deadline, panic recovery (type + truncated stack only), fail-mode,
+// metric emission, and output filtering. The returned output is always
+// safe to apply.
+func (d *Dispatcher) Invoke(ctx context.Context, spec Spec, mw Middleware, in *Input) (*Output, error) {
+	if mw == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("middleware %s: instance unavailable", spec.ID)
+	}
+
+	timeout := clampTimeout(spec.Timeout)
+	callCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	d.metrics.IncInvocation(ctx, spec.ID)
+	start := time.Now()
+
+	type result struct {
+		out *Output
+		err error
+	}
+	ch := make(chan result, 1)
+
+	go func() {
+		defer func() {
+			if r := recover(); r != nil {
+				stack := make([]byte, 4<<10)
+				n := runtime.Stack(stack, false)
+				requestID := ""
+				if in != nil {
+					requestID = in.RequestID
+				}
+				d.logger.Warnf("middleware %s panic: request_id=%s type=%s stack=%s",
+					spec.ID, requestID, reflect.TypeOf(r).String(), stack[:n])
+				ch <- result{err: panicError{msg: fmt.Sprintf("middleware %s panic: %s", spec.ID, reflect.TypeOf(r).String())}}
+			}
+		}()
+		out, err := mw.Invoke(callCtx, in)
+		ch <- result{out: out, err: err}
+	}()
+
+	var (
+		out    *Output
+		invErr error
+		kind   string
+	)
+
+	select {
+	case <-callCtx.Done():
+		invErr = callCtx.Err()
+		kind = ErrorKindTimeout
+	case res := <-ch:
+		out = res.out
+		invErr = res.err
+		if invErr != nil {
+			kind = d.classifyError(invErr)
+		}
+	}
+
+	d.metrics.ObserveDuration(ctx, spec.ID, time.Since(start).Milliseconds())
+
+	if invErr != nil {
+		d.metrics.IncError(ctx, spec.ID, kind)
+		return d.failMode(spec, kind), invErr
+	}
+
+	return d.filterOutput(spec, out), nil
+}
+
+func (d *Dispatcher) classifyError(err error) string {
+	if err == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+		return ErrorKindTimeout
+	}
+	var pe panicError
+	if errors.As(err, &pe) {
+		return ErrorKindPanic
+	}
+	return ErrorKindInvokeError
+}
+
+// panicError marks an error as coming from the recover branch so the
+// classifier can tag it without string inspection.
+type panicError struct{ msg string }
+
+func (p panicError) Error() string { return p.msg }
+
+// failMode converts an error into a synthesised output per the
+// middleware's fail-mode. An mw.<id>.error_kind metadata entry is
+// attached so operators can alert on error rate even when the
+// decision is fail-open. Slot constraints still apply: response and
+// terminal slots clamp deny back to passthrough in filterOutput.
+func (d *Dispatcher) failMode(spec Spec, kind string) *Output {
+	meta := []KV{{Key: fmt.Sprintf(KeyFrameworkErrorKindFmt, spec.ID), Value: kind}}
+	if spec.FailMode == FailClosed && spec.Slot == SlotOnRequest {
+		return &Output{
+			Decision:   DecisionDeny,
+			DenyStatus: 500,
+			DenyReason: &DenyReason{Code: "middleware.error"},
+			Metadata:   meta,
+		}
+	}
+	return &Output{Decision: DecisionAllow, Metadata: meta}
+}
+
+// filterOutput applies the output-filter pipeline (slot-aware decision
+// clamp, mutations gate) so downstream consumers never see
+// middleware-supplied values that violate the contract. Metadata is
+// passed through; the Accumulator is the single owner of allowlist +
+// caps + redaction (called by Chain).
+func (d *Dispatcher) filterOutput(spec Spec, out *Output) *Output {
+	if out == nil {
+		return &Output{Decision: DecisionAllow}
+	}
+	if spec.Slot != SlotOnRequest && out.Decision == DecisionDeny {
+		out.Decision = DecisionPassthrough
+		out.DenyStatus = 0
+		out.DenyReason = nil
+	}
+	if out.Decision == DecisionDeny {
+		if out.DenyStatus == 0 {
+			out.DenyStatus = 403
+		} else {
+			out.DenyStatus = clampDenyStatus(out.DenyStatus)
+		}
+	}
+	if !spec.CanMutate || !spec.MutationsSupported {
+		out.Mutations = nil
+	}
+	if spec.Slot == SlotTerminal {
+		out.Mutations = nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func clampTimeout(d time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	if d <= 0 {
+		return DefaultTimeout
+	}
+	if d < MinTimeout {
+		return MinTimeout
+	}
+	if d > MaxTimeout {
+		return MaxTimeout
+	}
+	return d
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/headerpolicy.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/headerpolicy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1fa564c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/headerpolicy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+package middleware
+
+import "strings"
+
+const trustedIdentityMiddlewareID = "llm_identity_inject"
+
+var denyHeaders = []string{
+	"Authorization",
+	"Connection",
+	"Cookie",
+	"Set-Cookie",
+	"Forwarded",
+	"Keep-Alive",
+	"Proxy-Authorization",
+	"Proxy-Authenticate",
+	"Proxy-Connection",
+	"TE",
+	"Upgrade",
+	"Via",
+	"X-Real-IP",
+	"X-Request-ID",
+	"Host",
+	"Content-Length",
+	"Transfer-Encoding",
+	"Trailer",
+}
+
+var denyHeaderPrefixes = []string{
+	"X-Authenticated-",
+	"X-Forwarded-",
+	"X-Remote-",
+	"X-NetBird-",
+}
+
+// IsHeaderMutable reports whether a middleware is allowed to mutate
+// the named header. The check is case-insensitive and honours both
+// exact matches and the compiled-in prefix denylist.
+func IsHeaderMutable(name string) bool {
+	if name == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !isHeaderFieldName(name) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, d := range denyHeaders {
+		if strings.EqualFold(d, name) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	for _, p := range denyHeaderPrefixes {
+		if len(name) >= len(p) && strings.EqualFold(name[:len(p)], p) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// isHeaderFieldName reports whether name is a valid RFC 7230 header
+// field-name (a non-empty token of tchar octets). Rejects names with
+// spaces, control characters, or separators that could enable header
+// injection or smuggling when applied to the outbound request.
+func isHeaderFieldName(name string) bool {
+	for i := 0; i < len(name); i++ {
+		c := name[i]
+		if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch c {
+		case '!', '#', '$', '%', '&', '\'', '*', '+', '-', '.', '^', '_', '`', '|', '~':
+			continue
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// FilterHeaderMutations returns the subsets of HeadersAdd and
+// HeadersRemove that are safe to apply, plus the list of blocked
+// header names so the dispatcher can increment the blocked-header
+// metric.
+func FilterHeaderMutations(m *Mutations) (filteredAdd []KV, filteredRemove []string, blocked []string) {
+	return filterHeaderMutations(m, "")
+}
+
+func filterHeaderMutations(m *Mutations, middlewareID string) (filteredAdd []KV, filteredRemove []string, blocked []string) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil
+	}
+	for _, kv := range m.HeadersAdd {
+		if IsHeaderMutable(kv.Key) || isTrustedIdentityHeader(middlewareID, kv.Key) {
+			filteredAdd = append(filteredAdd, kv)
+			continue
+		}
+		blocked = append(blocked, kv.Key)
+	}
+	for _, name := range m.HeadersRemove {
+		if IsHeaderMutable(name) || isTrustedIdentityHeader(middlewareID, name) {
+			filteredRemove = append(filteredRemove, name)
+			continue
+		}
+		blocked = append(blocked, name)
+	}
+	return filteredAdd, filteredRemove, blocked
+}
+
+func isTrustedIdentityHeader(middlewareID, name string) bool {
+	if middlewareID != trustedIdentityMiddlewareID {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.EqualFold(name, "x-netbird-user-id") ||
+		strings.EqualFold(name, "x-netbird-groups")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/headerpolicy_test.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/headerpolicy_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7daa93eec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/headerpolicy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestFilterHeaderMutationsDoesNotTrustReservedHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	mutations := &Mutations{
+		HeadersAdd: []KV{
+			{Key: "x-request-label", Value: "allowed"},
+			{Key: "x-netbird-user-id", Value: "spoofed-user"},
+		},
+		HeadersRemove: []string{"x-request-label", "x-netbird-groups"},
+	}
+
+	filteredAdd, filteredRemove, blocked := FilterHeaderMutations(mutations)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []KV{{Key: "x-request-label", Value: "allowed"}}, filteredAdd,
+		"the public filter should retain mutable additions")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"x-request-label"}, filteredRemove,
+		"the public filter should retain mutable removals")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"x-netbird-user-id", "x-netbird-groups"}, blocked,
+		"the public filter must not grant the identity middleware exception")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/keys.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/keys.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eff3fa756
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/keys.go
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+package middleware
+
+// Metadata key namespace constants shared across the built-in
+// middlewares. Each domain owns a prefix; middlewares declare their
+// per-key allowlist drawn from these constants. Agents implementing
+// the G2 middlewares import this file so the dashboard's expanded-row
+// viewer and the access-log writer see a stable key surface.
+//
+// Key shape rules (enforced by the metadata accumulator):
+//   - Lowercase ASCII letters, digits, dot, underscore, hyphen.
+//   - At least one dot separating namespace from leaf.
+//   - Max length: MaxMetadataKeyBytes.
+const (
+	// LLM request-side metadata (emitted by llm_request_parser).
+	KeyLLMProvider         = "llm.provider"
+	KeyLLMModel            = "llm.model"
+	KeyLLMStream           = "llm.stream"
+	KeyLLMRequestPromptRaw = "llm.request_prompt_raw"
+	KeyLLMCaptureTruncated = "llm.capture_truncated"
+	// KeyLLMSessionID groups requests of the same conversation / coding
+	// session, read from the per-provider session marker in the request
+	// body. Empty for clients that don't send one.
+	KeyLLMSessionID = "llm.session_id"
+
+	// Sub-agent attribution (emitted by llm_request_parser from the
+	// client's request headers). A coding agent that spawns helpers
+	// stamps the spawned agent's id, and the spawning agent's id when
+	// the helper is itself nested, so cost within one session can be
+	// split across the agents that ran in parallel. These identify an
+	// agent, not a person or a device: never treat them as a user id.
+	KeyLLMAgentID       = "llm.agent_id"
+	KeyLLMParentAgentID = "llm.parent_agent_id"
+
+	// LLM response-side metadata (emitted by llm_response_parser).
+	//nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	KeyLLMInputTokens = "llm.input_tokens"
+	//nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	KeyLLMOutputTokens = "llm.output_tokens"
+	//nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	KeyLLMTotalTokens = "llm.total_tokens"
+	// LLM cached-input bucket. For OpenAI it's the SUBSET of input
+	// tokens that hit the prompt cache (prompt_tokens_details.
+	// cached_tokens) — billed at the cached_input_per_1k rate when
+	// configured. For Anthropic it's cache_read_input_tokens, which
+	// is ADDITIVE to llm.input_tokens — billed at cache_read_per_1k.
+	// cost_meter switches formula on llm.provider.
+	//nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	KeyLLMCachedInputTokens = "llm.cached_input_tokens"
+	// LLM cache-creation bucket (Anthropic only). ADDITIVE to
+	// llm.input_tokens; billed at cache_creation_per_1k.
+	//nolint:gosec // metadata key name, not a credential
+	KeyLLMCacheCreationTokens = "llm.cache_creation_tokens"
+	KeyLLMResponseCompletion  = "llm.response_completion"
+
+	// Guardrail outcomes (emitted by llm_guardrail). The guardrail
+	// also re-emits llm.request_prompt as a redacted variant of the
+	// raw prompt and drops llm.request_prompt_raw from the bag.
+	KeyLLMRequestPrompt  = "llm.request_prompt"
+	KeyLLMPolicyDecision = "llm_policy.decision"
+	KeyLLMPolicyReason   = "llm_policy.reason"
+
+	// LLM router routing decision (emitted by llm_router). The router
+	// stamps the resolved provider id so downstream middlewares and
+	// the access-log emitter can attribute the request without
+	// re-parsing the body.
+	KeyLLMResolvedProviderID = "llm.resolved_provider_id"
+
+	// LLM authorising groups for this request (emitted by llm_router
+	// on the allow path). Carries the comma-separated intersection of
+	// the caller's UserGroups with the resolved route's
+	// AllowedGroupIDs — i.e. the groups that actually authorise this
+	// specific request, NOT every group the peer happens to be in.
+	// Identity-stamping middlewares use this for per-request tag
+	// attribution so unrelated group memberships don't leak into
+	// downstream gateways' spend logs.
+	KeyLLMAuthorisingGroups = "llm.authorising_groups"
+
+	// LLM non-inference marker (emitted by llm_router on the allow path
+	// for endpoints that legitimately carry no model, such as model
+	// listing). The router still authorises these against the caller's
+	// groups; the marker only tells the limits gate that a per-model
+	// allowlist has nothing to evaluate, so an empty model must not be
+	// read as an undetermined one. Never derived from client input.
+	KeyLLMNonInference = "llm.non_inference"
+
+	// LLM policy attribution (emitted by llm_limit_check on the allow
+	// path). Names the policy that paid for this request and the
+	// dimension counters the post-flight llm_limit_record middleware
+	// must tick. Empty when no applicable policy has any caps
+	// configured (catch-all-allow attribution).
+	KeyLLMSelectedPolicyID   = "llm.selected_policy_id"
+	KeyLLMAttributionGroupID = "llm.attribution_group_id"
+	KeyLLMAttributionWindowS = "llm.attribution_window_seconds"
+
+	// Cost metering (emitted by cost_meter). The four per-bucket keys are the
+	// base of the breakdown — one per token bucket the provider bills
+	// separately — and the two aggregates below are derived from them:
+	// usd_total is their sum, usd_cache is cached_input + cache_creation.
+	KeyCostUSDInput = "cost.usd_input"
+	// KeyCostUSDCachedInput is the cost of the cache-read bucket (Anthropic cache_read; OpenAI's discounted cached subset of input).
+	KeyCostUSDCachedInput = "cost.usd_cached_input"
+	// KeyCostUSDCacheCreation is the cost of the cache-write bucket. Zero for providers without one.
+	KeyCostUSDCacheCreation = "cost.usd_cache_creation"
+	KeyCostUSDOutput        = "cost.usd_output"
+	KeyCostUSDTotal         = "cost.usd_total"
+	// KeyCostUSDCache is the portion of cost.usd_total billed for prompt-cache buckets (cache read/creation, or OpenAI's cached input subset).
+	KeyCostUSDCache = "cost.usd_cache"
+	KeyCostSkipped  = "cost.skipped"
+
+	// Framework-emitted error markers. Use the mw.<id>.* prefix to
+	// distinguish framework-injected entries from middleware-emitted
+	// metadata.
+	KeyFrameworkErrorKindFmt = "mw.%s.error_kind"
+)
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/manager.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/manager.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b22edeff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap"
+)
+
+// chainCloseTimeout bounds how long closeChainsAsync waits for an
+// individual chain to drain before forcing teardown. Set to 2x
+// MaxTimeout so a middleware blocked on the dispatcher's per-Invoke
+// deadline always wins; anything running longer is a runaway and gets
+// force-closed.
+const chainCloseTimeout = 2 * MaxTimeout
+
+// PathTargetBinding is the minimal per-path binding the server passes
+// to Rebuild. It carries the stable keys Manager uses for snapshot
+// lookups plus the validated middleware spec list for that path.
+type PathTargetBinding struct {
+	ServiceID string
+	PathID    string
+	Specs     []Spec
+}
+
+// LiveServiceCheck reports whether the given service ID is still
+// present in the proxy's live mapping cache. The Manager calls it
+// during InvalidateMiddleware so a chain whose service has been
+// removed since the last Rebuild is not resurrected from the binding
+// cache, closing the auth-revocation race.
+type LiveServiceCheck func(serviceID string) bool
+
+// chainTable holds the immutable per-target chain snapshot. It is
+// cloned into a new instance on every Rebuild and swapped in via
+// atomic.Pointer. The reverse index byMiddleware lets
+// InvalidateMiddleware find the chain keys that reference a given
+// middleware without scanning the whole table.
+type chainTable struct {
+	byTarget     map[string]*Chain
+	byMiddleware map[string]map[string]struct{}
+}
+
+func newChainTable() *chainTable {
+	return &chainTable{
+		byTarget:     make(map[string]*Chain),
+		byMiddleware: make(map[string]map[string]struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *chainTable) clone() *chainTable {
+	out := newChainTable()
+	for k, v := range c.byTarget {
+		out.byTarget[k] = v
+	}
+	for id, keys := range c.byMiddleware {
+		set := make(map[string]struct{}, len(keys))
+		for k := range keys {
+			set[k] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		out.byMiddleware[id] = set
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (c *chainTable) addChain(key string, ch *Chain) {
+	c.byTarget[key] = ch
+	if ch == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, bm := range ch.all {
+		set, ok := c.byMiddleware[bm.spec.ID]
+		if !ok {
+			set = make(map[string]struct{})
+			c.byMiddleware[bm.spec.ID] = set
+		}
+		set[key] = struct{}{}
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *chainTable) removeChain(key string) (*Chain, []string) {
+	ch, ok := c.byTarget[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	delete(c.byTarget, key)
+	if ch == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(ch.all))
+	for _, bm := range ch.all {
+		ids = append(ids, bm.spec.ID)
+		set, ok := c.byMiddleware[bm.spec.ID]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		delete(set, key)
+		if len(set) == 0 {
+			delete(c.byMiddleware, bm.spec.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	return ch, ids
+}
+
+// Manager owns the per-target middleware chains, the global capture
+// budget, and the shared dispatcher. Readers (ChainFor) are lock-free;
+// writers (Rebuild, Invalidate*) serialise on writeMu so two
+// concurrent mapping updates do not lose writes.
+type Manager struct {
+	writeMu          sync.Mutex
+	chains           atomic.Pointer[chainTable]
+	budget           bodytap.Budget
+	metrics          *Metrics
+	logger           *log.Logger
+	dispatcher       *Dispatcher
+	resolver         *Resolver
+	lastBindings     map[string]PathTargetBinding
+	liveServiceCheck atomic.Pointer[LiveServiceCheck]
+}
+
+// NewManager constructs a Manager with the given capture budget size.
+// A zero or negative budget falls back to bodytap.DefaultCaptureBudgetBytes.
+func NewManager(budgetBytes int64, metrics *Metrics, logger *log.Logger) *Manager {
+	if metrics == nil {
+		metrics, _ = NewMetrics(nil)
+	}
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = log.StandardLogger()
+	}
+	if budgetBytes <= 0 {
+		budgetBytes = bodytap.DefaultCaptureBudgetBytes
+	}
+	m := &Manager{
+		budget:       bodytap.NewBudget(budgetBytes),
+		metrics:      metrics,
+		logger:       logger,
+		dispatcher:   NewDispatcher(metrics, logger),
+		lastBindings: make(map[string]PathTargetBinding),
+	}
+	m.chains.Store(newChainTable())
+	return m
+}
+
+// SetResolver installs the resolver used by Rebuild. Safe to call
+// once at boot before any Rebuild; not safe to swap concurrently.
+func (m *Manager) SetResolver(r *Resolver) {
+	m.resolver = r
+}
+
+// SetLiveServiceCheck installs a callback the Manager uses to confirm
+// a service ID still maps to a live mapping before resurrecting its
+// chain from the binding cache during InvalidateMiddleware. A nil fn
+// disables the check.
+func (m *Manager) SetLiveServiceCheck(fn LiveServiceCheck) {
+	if fn == nil {
+		m.liveServiceCheck.Store(nil)
+		return
+	}
+	m.liveServiceCheck.Store(&fn)
+}
+
+// Budget returns the shared capture budget.
+func (m *Manager) Budget() bodytap.Budget {
+	return m.budget
+}
+
+// Metrics returns the shared metrics bundle.
+func (m *Manager) Metrics() *Metrics {
+	return m.metrics
+}
+
+// Dispatcher returns the shared dispatcher (primarily for testing).
+func (m *Manager) Dispatcher() *Dispatcher {
+	return m.dispatcher
+}
+
+// Rebuild replaces every chain keyed by serviceID with the provided
+// bindings. Entries for other services are preserved. Replaced chains
+// are closed asynchronously after the atomic swap so in-flight
+// requests against the previous chain finish before middleware
+// resources are released.
+func (m *Manager) Rebuild(serviceID string, bindings []PathTargetBinding) error {
+	m.writeMu.Lock()
+	defer m.writeMu.Unlock()
+
+	cur := m.chains.Load()
+	next := cur.clone()
+
+	prefix := serviceID + "|"
+	var retired []*Chain
+	for k := range cur.byTarget {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, prefix) {
+			continue
+		}
+		ch, _ := next.removeChain(k)
+		if ch != nil {
+			retired = append(retired, ch)
+		}
+		delete(m.lastBindings, k)
+	}
+
+	for _, b := range bindings {
+		if b.ServiceID != serviceID {
+			return fmt.Errorf("binding service %q does not match rebuild service %q", b.ServiceID, serviceID)
+		}
+		key := chainKey(b.ServiceID, b.PathID)
+		m.lastBindings[key] = cloneBinding(b)
+		chain := m.buildChain(b)
+		if chain == nil || chain.Empty() {
+			delete(m.lastBindings, key)
+			continue
+		}
+		next.addChain(key, chain)
+	}
+
+	m.chains.Store(next)
+	m.closeChainsAsync(retired)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Invalidate drops every chain for the given service ID.
+func (m *Manager) Invalidate(serviceID string) {
+	m.writeMu.Lock()
+	defer m.writeMu.Unlock()
+	cur := m.chains.Load()
+	next := cur.clone()
+	prefix := serviceID + "|"
+	var retired []*Chain
+	for k := range cur.byTarget {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, prefix) {
+			continue
+		}
+		ch, _ := next.removeChain(k)
+		if ch != nil {
+			retired = append(retired, ch)
+		}
+		delete(m.lastBindings, k)
+	}
+	for k := range m.lastBindings {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(k, prefix) {
+			delete(m.lastBindings, k)
+		}
+	}
+	m.chains.Store(next)
+	m.closeChainsAsync(retired)
+}
+
+// InvalidateMiddleware rebuilds only the chains that reference id.
+func (m *Manager) InvalidateMiddleware(id string) {
+	if id == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	m.writeMu.Lock()
+	defer m.writeMu.Unlock()
+
+	cur := m.chains.Load()
+	keys, ok := cur.byMiddleware[id]
+	if !ok || len(keys) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	affected := make([]string, 0, len(keys))
+	for k := range keys {
+		affected = append(affected, k)
+	}
+
+	next := cur.clone()
+	var retired []*Chain
+	check := m.loadLiveServiceCheck()
+	for _, k := range affected {
+		ch, _ := next.removeChain(k)
+		if ch != nil {
+			retired = append(retired, ch)
+		}
+		b, ok := m.lastBindings[k]
+		if !ok {
+			delete(m.lastBindings, k)
+			continue
+		}
+		if check != nil && !check(b.ServiceID) {
+			m.logger.Debugf("middleware %s: skipping rebuild for %s; service no longer live", id, k)
+			delete(m.lastBindings, k)
+			continue
+		}
+		chain := m.buildChain(b)
+		if chain == nil || chain.Empty() {
+			delete(m.lastBindings, k)
+			continue
+		}
+		next.addChain(k, chain)
+	}
+
+	m.chains.Store(next)
+	m.closeChainsAsync(retired)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) loadLiveServiceCheck() LiveServiceCheck {
+	p := m.liveServiceCheck.Load()
+	if p == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return *p
+}
+
+// InvalidateAll drops every chain.
+func (m *Manager) InvalidateAll() {
+	m.writeMu.Lock()
+	defer m.writeMu.Unlock()
+	cur := m.chains.Load()
+	retired := make([]*Chain, 0, len(cur.byTarget))
+	for _, c := range cur.byTarget {
+		retired = append(retired, c)
+	}
+	m.chains.Store(newChainTable())
+	for k := range m.lastBindings {
+		delete(m.lastBindings, k)
+	}
+	m.closeChainsAsync(retired)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) closeChainsAsync(retired []*Chain) {
+	if len(retired) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	chains := make([]*Chain, len(retired))
+	copy(chains, retired)
+	go func() {
+		for _, c := range chains {
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), chainCloseTimeout)
+			start := time.Now()
+			if err := c.Close(ctx); err != nil {
+				if m.metrics != nil {
+					m.metrics.IncError(context.Background(), c.TargetID(), "chain_close_timeout")
+				}
+				m.logger.Warnf("middleware chain %s close exceeded %s after %s: %v",
+					c.TargetID(), chainCloseTimeout, time.Since(start), err)
+			}
+			cancel()
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// ChainFor returns the chain for serviceID/pathID or nil if none is
+// registered. Lock-free.
+func (m *Manager) ChainFor(serviceID, pathID string) *Chain {
+	tbl := m.chains.Load()
+	if tbl == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c, ok := tbl.byTarget[chainKey(serviceID, pathID)]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+// buildChain resolves each enabled spec and returns the assembled
+// chain. Returns a nil chain when no middlewares are bound; resolver
+// errors per middleware are logged and counted but do not abort the
+// chain.
+func (m *Manager) buildChain(b PathTargetBinding) *Chain {
+	if len(b.Specs) == 0 || m.resolver == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	bound := make([]boundMiddleware, 0, len(b.Specs))
+	for _, spec := range b.Specs {
+		if !spec.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		mw, merged, err := m.resolver.Resolve(spec)
+		if err != nil {
+			m.logger.Warnf("middleware %s resolve on target %s/%s: %v", spec.ID, b.ServiceID, b.PathID, err)
+			m.metrics.IncError(context.Background(), spec.ID, "resolve_error")
+			continue
+		}
+		if mw == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		bound = append(bound, boundMiddleware{spec: merged, mw: mw})
+	}
+	if len(bound) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return NewChain(chainKey(b.ServiceID, b.PathID), bound, m.dispatcher)
+}
+
+// cloneBinding returns a deep copy of b suitable for caching across
+// mapping updates.
+func cloneBinding(b PathTargetBinding) PathTargetBinding {
+	out := PathTargetBinding{
+		ServiceID: b.ServiceID,
+		PathID:    b.PathID,
+	}
+	if len(b.Specs) == 0 {
+		return out
+	}
+	out.Specs = make([]Spec, len(b.Specs))
+	for i, s := range b.Specs {
+		out.Specs[i] = s.Clone()
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func chainKey(serviceID, pathID string) string {
+	return serviceID + "|" + pathID
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/metadata.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/metadata.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..576c379ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/metadata.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package middleware
+
+import "regexp"
+
+// keyRegex constrains metadata keys to the cross-domain shape
+// described in keys.go. At least one dot, lowercase ASCII / digits /
+// dot / underscore / hyphen only, length within MaxMetadataKeyBytes.
+var keyRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-z][a-z0-9_-]*(\.[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_-]*)+$`)
+
+// MetadataRejection describes a single rejected key/value so the
+// dispatcher can emit per-reason counter increments.
+type MetadataRejection struct {
+	Key    string
+	Reason string
+}
+
+// Rejection reasons reported by Accumulator.Emit.
+const (
+	MetadataReasonBadKey         = "bad_key"
+	MetadataReasonNotAllowlisted = "not_allowlisted"
+	MetadataReasonKeyTooLong     = "key_too_long"
+	MetadataReasonValueTooLong   = "value_too_long"
+	MetadataReasonMiddlewareCap  = "middleware_cap"
+	MetadataReasonRequestCap     = "request_cap"
+)
+
+// Accumulator enforces per-middleware and per-request metadata caps.
+// Not safe for concurrent use; callers hold one inside a single chain
+// execution.
+type Accumulator struct {
+	perMiddlewareUsed map[string]int
+	totalUsed         int
+	maxPerRequest     int
+}
+
+// NewAccumulator returns an accumulator configured for the per-request
+// total cap. A maxPerRequest of zero means use MaxRequestMetadataBytes.
+func NewAccumulator(maxPerRequest int) *Accumulator {
+	if maxPerRequest <= 0 {
+		maxPerRequest = MaxRequestMetadataBytes
+	}
+	return &Accumulator{
+		perMiddlewareUsed: make(map[string]int),
+		maxPerRequest:     maxPerRequest,
+	}
+}
+
+// Emit validates the candidate metadata against the middleware's
+// allowlist and the global caps, redacts each accepted value, and
+// returns the accepted entries plus any rejections for metric emission.
+func (a *Accumulator) Emit(middlewareID string, allow []string, out []KV) ([]KV, []MetadataRejection) {
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	allowSet := make(map[string]struct{}, len(allow))
+	for _, k := range allow {
+		allowSet[k] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	accepted := make([]KV, 0, len(out))
+	var rejected []MetadataRejection
+
+	for _, kv := range out {
+		if len(kv.Key) == 0 || len(kv.Key) > MaxMetadataKeyBytes {
+			rejected = append(rejected, MetadataRejection{Key: kv.Key, Reason: MetadataReasonKeyTooLong})
+			continue
+		}
+		if !keyRegex.MatchString(kv.Key) {
+			rejected = append(rejected, MetadataRejection{Key: kv.Key, Reason: MetadataReasonBadKey})
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := allowSet[kv.Key]; !ok {
+			rejected = append(rejected, MetadataRejection{Key: kv.Key, Reason: MetadataReasonNotAllowlisted})
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(kv.Value) > MaxMetadataValueBytes {
+			rejected = append(rejected, MetadataRejection{Key: kv.Key, Reason: MetadataReasonValueTooLong})
+			continue
+		}
+
+		redacted := Scan(kv.Value)
+		cost := len(kv.Key) + len(redacted)
+
+		if a.perMiddlewareUsed[middlewareID]+cost > MaxMiddlewareMetadataBytes {
+			rejected = append(rejected, MetadataRejection{Key: kv.Key, Reason: MetadataReasonMiddlewareCap})
+			continue
+		}
+		if a.totalUsed+cost > a.maxPerRequest {
+			rejected = append(rejected, MetadataRejection{Key: kv.Key, Reason: MetadataReasonRequestCap})
+			continue
+		}
+
+		a.perMiddlewareUsed[middlewareID] += cost
+		a.totalUsed += cost
+		accepted = append(accepted, KV{Key: kv.Key, Value: redacted})
+	}
+
+	return accepted, rejected
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/metrics.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/metrics.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73745a86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/metrics.go
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+)
+
+// Metrics is the bundle of OTel instruments emitted by the middleware
+// dispatcher. The constructor falls back to a noop meter when given
+// nil so tests can skip metrics wiring entirely.
+type Metrics struct {
+	requestsTotal         metric.Int64Counter
+	durationMs            metric.Int64Histogram
+	invocationsTotal      metric.Int64Counter
+	errorsTotal           metric.Int64Counter
+	metadataRejectedTotal metric.Int64Counter
+	headerMutationBlocked metric.Int64Counter
+	captureBypassTotal    metric.Int64Counter
+}
+
+// NewMetrics registers the proxy.middleware.* instruments on the
+// given meter. A nil meter is treated as the global no-op provider.
+func NewMetrics(meter metric.Meter) (*Metrics, error) {
+	if meter == nil {
+		meter = noop.NewMeterProvider().Meter("proxy.middleware.noop")
+	}
+
+	m := &Metrics{}
+	var err error
+
+	m.requestsTotal, err = meter.Int64Counter(
+		"proxy.middleware.requests_total",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Middleware invocations grouped by outcome"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	m.durationMs, err = meter.Int64Histogram(
+		"proxy.middleware.duration_ms",
+		metric.WithUnit("milliseconds"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Middleware Invoke latency"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	m.invocationsTotal, err = meter.Int64Counter(
+		"proxy.middleware.invocations_total",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Middleware Invoke heartbeat counter"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	m.errorsTotal, err = meter.Int64Counter(
+		"proxy.middleware.errors_total",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Middleware errors grouped by kind"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	m.metadataRejectedTotal, err = meter.Int64Counter(
+		"proxy.middleware.metadata_rejected_total",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Middleware metadata entries rejected by the allowlist/caps"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	m.headerMutationBlocked, err = meter.Int64Counter(
+		"proxy.middleware.header_mutation_blocked_total",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Middleware header mutations dropped by the denylist"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	m.captureBypassTotal, err = meter.Int64Counter(
+		"proxy.middleware.capture_bypass_total",
+		metric.WithUnit("1"),
+		metric.WithDescription("Capture bypasses grouped by reason"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+// IncRequest increments proxy.middleware.requests_total with the
+// middleware, target, and outcome labels.
+func (m *Metrics) IncRequest(ctx context.Context, middlewareID, targetID, outcome string) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.requestsTotal.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(
+		attribute.String("middleware", middlewareID),
+		attribute.String("target_id", targetID),
+		attribute.String("outcome", outcome),
+	))
+}
+
+// ObserveDuration records the middleware Invoke latency in milliseconds.
+func (m *Metrics) ObserveDuration(ctx context.Context, middlewareID string, ms int64) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.durationMs.Record(ctx, ms, metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("middleware", middlewareID)))
+}
+
+// IncInvocation increments the heartbeat counter regardless of outcome.
+func (m *Metrics) IncInvocation(ctx context.Context, middlewareID string) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.invocationsTotal.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("middleware", middlewareID)))
+}
+
+// IncError increments the error counter with the given failure kind label.
+func (m *Metrics) IncError(ctx context.Context, middlewareID, kind string) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.errorsTotal.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(
+		attribute.String("middleware", middlewareID),
+		attribute.String("kind", kind),
+	))
+}
+
+// IncMetadataRejected increments the rejected-metadata counter for a reason.
+func (m *Metrics) IncMetadataRejected(ctx context.Context, middlewareID, reason string) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.metadataRejectedTotal.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(
+		attribute.String("middleware", middlewareID),
+		attribute.String("reason", reason),
+	))
+}
+
+// IncHeaderMutationBlocked increments the blocked-header counter.
+func (m *Metrics) IncHeaderMutationBlocked(ctx context.Context, middlewareID, header string) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.headerMutationBlocked.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(
+		attribute.String("middleware", middlewareID),
+		attribute.String("header", header),
+	))
+}
+
+// IncCaptureBypass increments the capture-bypass counter for a reason.
+func (m *Metrics) IncCaptureBypass(ctx context.Context, targetID, reason string) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	m.captureBypassTotal.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(
+		attribute.String("target_id", targetID),
+		attribute.String("reason", reason),
+	))
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/middleware.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/middleware.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16d398d2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package middleware
+
+import "context"
+
+// Middleware is the surface exposed by each concrete implementation.
+// The Manager invokes it through the Dispatcher, passing a cloned
+// Input. Each middleware lives in exactly one Slot.
+//
+// Close releases any resources owned by the middleware instance
+// (background goroutines, file handles). It is invoked when the chain
+// holding the middleware is replaced or torn down. Implementations
+// must be idempotent and safe to call after construction even when
+// Invoke was never called.
+type Middleware interface {
+	ID() string
+	Version() string
+	Slot() Slot
+
+	// AcceptedContentTypes lists the request/response content types
+	// the middleware needs the body for. Empty slice means the
+	// middleware does not inspect the body.
+	AcceptedContentTypes() []string
+
+	// MetadataKeys is the closed set of metadata keys this middleware
+	// may emit. The accumulator drops anything outside this allowlist.
+	MetadataKeys() []string
+
+	// MutationsSupported reports whether the middleware may emit
+	// header / body mutations. A spec with CanMutate=true is honoured
+	// only when the implementation also supports mutations.
+	MutationsSupported() bool
+
+	Invoke(ctx context.Context, in *Input) (*Output, error)
+
+	Close() error
+}
+
+// Factory builds a configured Middleware instance from raw config
+// bytes shipped on the wire. Each registered middleware ID has a
+// single factory in the registry. Factory.New returns an error when
+// the config is malformed or violates a per-middleware invariant; the
+// chain build path logs the error, increments the resolve_error metric,
+// and skips the middleware.
+type Factory interface {
+	ID() string
+	New(rawConfig []byte) (Middleware, error)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/redaction.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/redaction.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ebbe90c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/redaction.go
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Redaction scope: Scan handles the narrow, high-signal set of
+// secrets we are comfortable masking with a regex. The intent is
+// "make accidental leaks impossible to miss at a glance", not "be a
+// DLP product". Contributors adding more patterns should weigh false
+// positives carefully — a metadata value that over-redacts benign
+// strings is strictly worse than one that misses a rare format.
+var (
+	jwtRegex       = regexp.MustCompile(`eyJ[A-Za-z0-9_-]{5,}\.[A-Za-z0-9_-]{5,}\.[A-Za-z0-9_-]{5,}`)
+	pemRegex       = regexp.MustCompile(`-----BEGIN [A-Z ]+-----[\s\S]*?-----END [A-Z ]+-----`)
+	awsKeyRegex    = regexp.MustCompile(`AKIA[0-9A-Z]{16}`)
+	bearerRegex    = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)\b(?:bearer|token|api[_-]?key|authorization)[\s:=]+([A-Za-z0-9_\-\.]{40,})`)
+	ccCandidateRgx = regexp.MustCompile(`\b(?:\d[ -]?){13,19}\b`)
+)
+
+// Scan redacts high-signal secret patterns from value. Matches are
+// replaced with `[REDACTED:<kind>]`. Non-matching input is returned
+// unchanged.
+func Scan(value string) string {
+	if value == "" {
+		return value
+	}
+	result := value
+	result = pemRegex.ReplaceAllString(result, "[REDACTED:pem]")
+	result = jwtRegex.ReplaceAllString(result, "[REDACTED:jwt]")
+	result = awsKeyRegex.ReplaceAllString(result, "[REDACTED:aws_key]")
+	result = bearerRegex.ReplaceAllStringFunc(result, func(match string) string {
+		sub := bearerRegex.FindStringSubmatch(match)
+		if len(sub) < 2 {
+			return "[REDACTED:bearer]"
+		}
+		return strings.Replace(match, sub[1], "[REDACTED:bearer]", 1)
+	})
+	result = ccCandidateRgx.ReplaceAllStringFunc(result, func(match string) string {
+		digits := stripNonDigits(match)
+		if len(digits) < 13 || len(digits) > 19 {
+			return match
+		}
+		if !luhn(digits) {
+			return match
+		}
+		return "[REDACTED:cc]"
+	})
+	return result
+}
+
+func stripNonDigits(s string) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(len(s))
+	for _, r := range s {
+		if r >= '0' && r <= '9' {
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+		}
+	}
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+func luhn(digits string) bool {
+	sum := 0
+	alt := false
+	for i := len(digits) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		n := int(digits[i] - '0')
+		if alt {
+			n *= 2
+			if n > 9 {
+				n -= 9
+			}
+		}
+		sum += n
+		alt = !alt
+	}
+	return sum%10 == 0
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/registry.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/registry.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c46552162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/registry.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// Registry maps middleware IDs to their factories. The proxy installs
+// a single Registry at boot; concrete middlewares register themselves
+// from init() functions inside their own packages so the boot wiring
+// only needs an anonymous import.
+//
+// Registry is safe for concurrent reads after boot. Register / Unregister
+// take the write lock; Get and IDs take the read lock.
+type Registry struct {
+	mu        sync.RWMutex
+	factories map[string]Factory
+}
+
+// NewRegistry returns an empty registry.
+func NewRegistry() *Registry {
+	return &Registry{factories: make(map[string]Factory)}
+}
+
+// Register installs the factory under its ID. Returns an error when an
+// ID is already registered — collisions are programmer errors and must
+// be visible at boot rather than silently last-write-wins.
+func (r *Registry) Register(f Factory) error {
+	if f == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("middleware registry: nil factory")
+	}
+	id := f.ID()
+	if id == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("middleware registry: factory has empty id")
+	}
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	defer r.mu.Unlock()
+	if _, exists := r.factories[id]; exists {
+		return fmt.Errorf("middleware registry: %q already registered", id)
+	}
+	r.factories[id] = f
+	return nil
+}
+
+// MustRegister panics on error. Intended for init() registration so
+// duplicate IDs surface at startup.
+func (r *Registry) MustRegister(f Factory) {
+	if err := r.Register(f); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Get returns the factory for id, or nil when no factory is
+// registered.
+func (r *Registry) Get(id string) Factory {
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	defer r.mu.RUnlock()
+	return r.factories[id]
+}
+
+// IDs returns the registered IDs in unspecified order. Used by the
+// management translator to reject specs that reference unknown IDs at
+// apply time.
+func (r *Registry) IDs() []string {
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	defer r.mu.RUnlock()
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(r.factories))
+	for id := range r.factories {
+		out = append(out, id)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// IsKnown reports whether id has a registered factory.
+func (r *Registry) IsKnown(id string) bool {
+	return r.Get(id) != nil
+}
+
+// Resolver wraps a Registry and produces a configured Middleware
+// instance from a Spec. The Manager uses this during chain build.
+type Resolver struct {
+	registry *Registry
+}
+
+// NewResolver returns a resolver backed by the registry.
+func NewResolver(registry *Registry) *Resolver {
+	if registry == nil {
+		registry = NewRegistry()
+	}
+	return &Resolver{registry: registry}
+}
+
+// Resolve builds a Middleware instance and merges runtime-only fields
+// (version, accepted content types, metadata key allowlist, mutation
+// support) onto the spec.
+//
+// Return semantics:
+//   - (mw, mergedSpec, nil): instance built, include in chain.
+//   - (nil, spec, nil): id not registered; silently skip.
+//   - (nil, spec, err): factory rejected the config (logged + counted
+//     by Manager, other middlewares still bind).
+func (r *Resolver) Resolve(spec Spec) (Middleware, Spec, error) {
+	f := r.registry.Get(spec.ID)
+	if f == nil {
+		return nil, spec, nil
+	}
+	mw, err := f.New(spec.RawConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, spec, fmt.Errorf("middleware %s factory: %w", spec.ID, err)
+	}
+	if mw.Slot() != spec.Slot {
+		_ = mw.Close()
+		return nil, spec, fmt.Errorf("middleware %s slot mismatch: spec=%d impl=%d", spec.ID, spec.Slot, mw.Slot())
+	}
+	merged := spec
+	merged.Version = mw.Version()
+	merged.MetadataKeys = append([]string(nil), mw.MetadataKeys()...)
+	merged.AcceptedContentTypes = append([]string(nil), mw.AcceptedContentTypes()...)
+	merged.MutationsSupported = mw.MutationsSupported()
+	return mw, merged, nil
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/spec.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/spec.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a154ceca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/spec.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package middleware
+
+import "time"
+
+// Spec is the apply-time, validated representation of a per-target
+// middleware configuration merged with the runtime-only fields
+// compiled into the middleware implementation.
+//
+// The wire shape is RawConfig (JSON bytes) instead of the older
+// params map[string]string. Each middleware unmarshals RawConfig into
+// its own typed config struct, surfacing structural validation errors
+// at construction rather than per-invocation lookups.
+type Spec struct {
+	ID        string
+	Slot      Slot
+	Version   string
+	Enabled   bool
+	FailMode  FailMode
+	Timeout   time.Duration
+	RawConfig []byte
+	CanMutate bool
+
+	// Runtime-only fields populated from the registered middleware at
+	// chain build time; not sourced from proto.
+	MetadataKeys         []string
+	AcceptedContentTypes []string
+	MutationsSupported   bool
+}
+
+// Clone returns a deep copy of the spec safe to cache across mapping
+// updates.
+func (s Spec) Clone() Spec {
+	out := s
+	if len(s.RawConfig) > 0 {
+		out.RawConfig = append([]byte(nil), s.RawConfig...)
+	}
+	if len(s.MetadataKeys) > 0 {
+		out.MetadataKeys = append([]string(nil), s.MetadataKeys...)
+	}
+	if len(s.AcceptedContentTypes) > 0 {
+		out.AcceptedContentTypes = append([]string(nil), s.AcceptedContentTypes...)
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/middleware/types.go b/proxy/internal/middleware/types.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c0ac0ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/middleware/types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+// Package middleware defines the per-target middleware chain that runs
+// inside the reverse proxy hot path. It is the only chain wired into
+// the request path.
+//
+// Concepts:
+//   - Slot: the position a middleware occupies in the chain. A
+//     middleware lives in exactly one slot — separate concerns become
+//     separate middlewares.
+//   - Decision: the on_request slot can DENY; on_response and terminal
+//     slots can only PASSTHROUGH. The dispatcher clamps decisions that
+//     violate this contract.
+//   - Metadata: the only side-channel between middlewares. Each
+//     middleware declares an allowlist of keys it may emit; the merger
+//     enforces caps and namespace rules.
+package middleware
+
+import "time"
+
+// Slot identifies where in the request lifecycle a middleware runs.
+// A middleware declares a single slot. Splitting per-purpose work
+// (request parsing vs response parsing vs cost metering) into separate
+// slot-keyed middlewares is the explicit architectural choice for the
+// agent-network use case; no middleware participates in more than one
+// slot.
+type Slot int
+
+const (
+	// SlotOnRequest runs before the upstream call. Middlewares in this
+	// slot may DENY the request, mutate headers/body (when permitted),
+	// and emit metadata derived from the request envelope.
+	SlotOnRequest Slot = 1
+	// SlotOnResponse runs after the upstream returns. Middlewares in
+	// this slot observe the response, emit metadata, and may mutate
+	// response headers when permitted. They cannot DENY.
+	SlotOnResponse Slot = 2
+	// SlotTerminal runs after every SlotOnResponse middleware has
+	// emitted. Terminal middlewares observe the full metadata bag and
+	// ship it to external sinks (access log, metrics export). They
+	// cannot DENY and cannot mutate the response.
+	SlotTerminal Slot = 3
+)
+
+// FailMode controls how the dispatcher reacts when a middleware
+// returns an error, times out, or panics. Observer middlewares default
+// to FailOpen; policy middlewares should default to FailClosed.
+type FailMode int
+
+const (
+	// FailOpen allows the request to proceed when a middleware fails.
+	FailOpen FailMode = 0
+	// FailClosed denies the request when a middleware fails. Only
+	// meaningful for SlotOnRequest middlewares.
+	FailClosed FailMode = 1
+)
+
+// Decision captures the outcome of a middleware invocation as observed
+// by the dispatcher. Response-phase middlewares always return
+// DecisionPassthrough; the dispatcher clamps any other value.
+type Decision int
+
+const (
+	// DecisionAllow lets the request proceed.
+	DecisionAllow Decision = 0
+	// DecisionDeny stops the chain and returns a rendered deny
+	// response. Only honoured in SlotOnRequest.
+	DecisionDeny Decision = 1
+	// DecisionPassthrough is the response-phase neutral outcome.
+	DecisionPassthrough Decision = 2
+)
+
+// Resource limits enforced by the proxy at config apply time and by
+// the dispatcher at runtime. Per-target values supplied by management
+// are clamped to these bounds.
+const (
+	// MaxBodyCapBytes is the proxy-wide upper bound for per-direction
+	// body capture. Sized to hold a full LLM streaming response (token
+	// usage rides the trailing SSE event, so the captured prefix must
+	// reach the end of the stream); a single response is bounded by the
+	// model's max output tokens, so this is a real ceiling, not a
+	// treadmill. Request capture stays well under this — oversized
+	// requests use the tolerant routing scan instead of buffering.
+	MaxBodyCapBytes int64 = 8 << 20
+	// MinTimeout is the proxy-wide lower bound for per-middleware
+	// Invoke timeouts.
+	MinTimeout = 10 * time.Millisecond
+	// MaxTimeout is the proxy-wide upper bound for per-middleware
+	// Invoke timeouts.
+	MaxTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+	// DefaultTimeout is used when the per-target timeout is zero or
+	// unset.
+	DefaultTimeout = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+	// MaxMiddlewareMetadataBytes is the per-middleware metadata total
+	// cap.
+	MaxMiddlewareMetadataBytes = 16 << 10
+	// MaxRequestMetadataBytes is the per-request metadata total cap
+	// across all middlewares in the chain. Earlier middlewares win
+	// when the budget is exhausted.
+	MaxRequestMetadataBytes = 32 << 10
+	// MaxMetadataKeyBytes is the maximum length of a metadata key.
+	MaxMetadataKeyBytes = 96
+	// MaxMetadataValueBytes is the maximum length of a metadata value.
+	MaxMetadataValueBytes = 4 << 10
+	// MaxMiddlewaresPerChain caps the number of middleware entries
+	// accepted per chain at the proxy translator and the management
+	// REST API. Mirrors the chain invocation cap so a misconfigured
+	// mapping cannot push the chain clone cost beyond a known bound.
+	MaxMiddlewaresPerChain = 16
+)
+
+// KV is the canonical header/metadata representation used across the
+// middleware boundary. We use a slice of KV instead of http.Header
+// because it preserves key order, is cheap to deep-copy per
+// invocation, and is directly representable in a future protobuf
+// envelope.
+type KV struct {
+	Key   string
+	Value string
+}
+
+// Input is the immutable envelope handed to each middleware. The
+// dispatcher deep-copies Headers, Body, Metadata, RespHeaders, and
+// RespBody before each invocation so middlewares cannot mutate the
+// shared in-flight copies; mutations must flow through Output.Mutations.
+type Input struct {
+	Slot             Slot
+	RequestID        string
+	TargetID         string
+	Method           string
+	URL              string
+	Headers          []KV
+	Body             []byte
+	BodyTruncated    bool
+	OriginalBodySize int64
+
+	Status            int
+	RespHeaders       []KV
+	RespBody          []byte
+	RespBodyTruncated bool
+	OriginalRespSize  int64
+
+	ServiceID string
+	AccountID string
+	UserID    string
+	// UserEmail is the calling user's email address when the auth path
+	// resolves a user record. Empty for non-OIDC schemes (PIN/Password/
+	// Header) and for legacy session JWTs minted before the email claim
+	// was introduced. Identity-stamping middlewares (e.g.
+	// llm_identity_inject) prefer this over UserID for upstream gateways
+	// that key budgets / attribution on a human-readable identifier.
+	UserEmail  string
+	AuthMethod string
+	SourceIP   string
+	// UserGroups captures the calling peer's group memberships at
+	// request time, surfaced from the proxy's auth flow so policy-aware
+	// middlewares can authorise without an extra management round-trip.
+	UserGroups []string
+	// UserGroupNames carries the human-readable display names paired
+	// positionally with UserGroups (UserGroupNames[i] is the name of
+	// UserGroups[i]). Identity-stamping middlewares prefer names for
+	// upstream tags so attribution dashboards stay readable. Slice may
+	// be shorter than UserGroups for tokens minted before names were
+	// resolvable; consumers should fall back to ids for missing
+	// positions.
+	UserGroupNames []string
+	Metadata       []KV
+
+	// AgentNetwork is true when the target is a synthesised
+	// agent-network service. Carried on the input so the access-log
+	// terminal middleware can stamp the proto field without re-deriving
+	// from the service ID.
+	AgentNetwork bool
+}
+
+// DenyReason is the structured payload a middleware returns alongside
+// a DecisionDeny. The proxy renders it through a fixed JSON template
+// so middlewares cannot emit arbitrary bytes to the wire.
+type DenyReason struct {
+	Code    string
+	Message string
+	Details map[string]string
+	// Surface names the LLM API dialect the caller speaks (the
+	// llm.provider value), so the rendered body can mirror the denial in
+	// that vendor's error shape alongside the NetBird fields. Empty for
+	// non-LLM middlewares and for denials raised before a surface was
+	// resolved; the body then carries the NetBird fields alone.
+	Surface string
+}
+
+// Output is the value each middleware returns to the dispatcher. The
+// dispatcher applies the output filter (clamp, mutations gate) before
+// any side effect reaches the shared request.
+type Output struct {
+	Decision   Decision
+	DenyStatus int
+	DenyReason *DenyReason
+	Metadata   []KV
+	Mutations  *Mutations
+}
+
+// Mutations describes the deltas a middleware wants applied to the
+// in-flight request. The dispatcher filters HeadersAdd/HeadersRemove
+// through the compiled-in denylist and runs BodyReplace through the
+// body policy before anything is applied. RewriteUpstream redirects
+// the outbound target (scheme + host) for the request; the chain
+// returns the latest non-nil rewrite to the reverse proxy.
+type Mutations struct {
+	HeadersAdd      []KV
+	HeadersRemove   []string
+	BodyReplace     []byte
+	RewriteUpstream *UpstreamRewrite
+}
+
+// UpstreamRewrite redirects the request's outbound target. Only
+// scheme+host are honoured; path, query, and body are untouched. The
+// reverse proxy reads the rewrite (when non-nil) instead of the
+// PathTarget URL configured by the synth, so a single shared synth
+// service can fan out to many upstreams selected per request.
+//
+// AuthHeader and StripHeaders carry the upstream auth substitution
+// the router needs. They bypass the framework's HeadersAdd /
+// HeadersRemove denylist (which blocks Authorization, Cookie, etc.
+// from middleware mutation) on the grounds that the proxy itself is
+// the entity rewriting auth here, not an arbitrary middleware. The
+// reverse proxy applies them directly to the upstream request after
+// the chain's regular mutation phase, so a malicious or misconfigured
+// middleware can still emit RewriteUpstream but only the proxy's
+// trusted upstream-build path actually unpacks AuthHeader.
+type UpstreamRewrite struct {
+	Scheme string
+	Host   string
+	// Path, when non-empty, replaces the path component of the
+	// proxy's effective upstream URL. The rewrite path is then joined
+	// with the agent's request path by httputil.ProxyRequest.SetURL —
+	// e.g. rewrite Path="/v1/{account}/{gateway}/compat" + agent
+	// request "/chat/completions" → outbound
+	// "/v1/{account}/{gateway}/compat/chat/completions". Used by
+	// llm_router to honor the operator-configured upstream path on
+	// gateways like Cloudflare AI Gateway whose URL contains
+	// account / gateway segments that the agent's app doesn't know
+	// about. Empty Path leaves the original target's path
+	// untouched (the historical behavior).
+	Path string
+	// StripPathPrefix, when non-empty, is removed from the front of the agent's
+	// request path before it is joined onto the upstream URL. Used for
+	// gateway-namespace prefixes (e.g. a client addressing Bedrock as
+	// "/bedrock/model/{id}/invoke") that must not reach the real upstream, whose
+	// native path is "/model/{id}/invoke". Empty leaves the request path intact.
+	StripPathPrefix string
+	AuthHeader      *AuthHeader
+	StripHeaders    []string
+	// SkipTLSVerify, when true, makes the proxy dial the rewritten upstream
+	// without verifying its TLS certificate. Set by llm_router from the
+	// provider's skip_tls_verification for self-hosted / internal gateways.
+	SkipTLSVerify bool
+	// DiscoveryModels, when non-empty, is the set of model ids the resolved
+	// route authorises, and the proxy drops everything else from the
+	// model-listing response. Empty leaves the upstream's list untouched,
+	// which is what a route that claims every model wants. Set by
+	// llm_router on a model-listing request only.
+	DiscoveryModels []string
+}
+
+// AuthHeader is a single name/value pair the proxy injects on the
+// upstream request after stripping the client's auth headers.
+type AuthHeader struct {
+	Name  string
+	Value string
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/agent_network_chain_realstack_test.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/agent_network_chain_realstack_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12fab9e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/agent_network_chain_realstack_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+package proxy_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/test/bufconn"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork"
+	agentNetworkTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/agentnetwork/types"
+	rpservice "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	mgmtgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap"
+	mwbuiltin "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
+	// Side-effect imports register every builtin middleware factory.
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	nbproxytypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// TestReverseProxy_AgentNetworkRequest_FullChain is the self-contained Go
+// replacement for the bash 50 + 51 legs. It drives a real agent-network
+// request through proxy.ReverseProxy.ServeHTTP with the actual middleware
+// chain the synthesizer produces, against an in-process management gRPC and a
+// httptest fake upstream — no tilt, no docker, no real LLM provider, no
+// WireGuard tunnel. The test guarantees:
+//
+//  1. The reverse proxy's response-leg input construction copies UserGroups
+//     onto respInput so llm_limit_record sends a non-empty group_ids field
+//     on RecordLLMUsage. This is the exact bug class that motivated the
+//     reverseproxy.go fix — its regression would land the request OK but
+//     leave consumption at zero, defeating any group-targeted budget rule.
+//  2. With settings.RedactPii=true the parsers ship redacted text on both
+//     llm.request_prompt_raw and llm.response_completion — proving the
+//     end-to-end wiring (synth → proto → spec → parser config) carries the
+//     toggle through to runtime emission.
+//  3. The full chain (request + response + recorder) runs against a real
+//     management stack and the consumption row for the bound group dim
+//     increments.
+//
+// If any of those three guarantees regresses, this single test fails.
+func TestReverseProxy_AgentNetworkRequest_FullChain(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("sqlite store not supported on Windows")
+	}
+
+	const (
+		testAccountID = "acct-fullchain-1"
+		testAdminUser = "user-admin-1"
+		adminGroupID  = "grp-admins"
+		providerID    = "prov-openai-test"
+		domain        = "fullchain.test.proxy.local"
+		proxyAddress  = "test.proxy.local"
+	)
+	testLogger := log.New()
+	testLogger.SetLevel(log.PanicLevel) // keep test output clean
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// ---- 1. Fake upstream that returns OpenAI-shaped JSON with PII in the
+	// completion. The reverse proxy's chain will redact this when the synth
+	// stamps redact_pii=true on the response parser config.
+	completion := "Sample record: Alice Johnson alice.johnson@example.com SSN 123-45-6789 phone (202) 555-0147 also Bob 202/555/0108"
+	upstreamBody := []byte(`{"id":"x","model":"gpt-5.4","choices":[{"message":{"role":"assistant","content":"` + completion + `"}}],"usage":{"prompt_tokens":12,"completion_tokens":40,"total_tokens":52}}`)
+	var upstreamHits atomic.Int64
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		upstreamHits.Add(1)
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write(upstreamBody)
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(upstream.Close)
+	upstreamHost := strings.TrimPrefix(upstream.URL, "http://")
+
+	// ---- 2. In-process management gRPC server (bufconn) backed by a real
+	// sqlite store + real agentnetwork.Manager. The proxy's middlewares talk
+	// to this client.
+	st, cleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err, "real sqlite test store must come up")
+	t.Cleanup(cleanup)
+
+	anMgr := agentnetwork.NewManager(st, nil, nil, nil)
+	server := &mgmtgrpc.ProxyServiceServer{}
+	server.SetAgentNetworkLimitsService(anMgr)
+
+	lis := bufconn.Listen(1024 * 1024)
+	srv := grpc.NewServer()
+	proto.RegisterProxyServiceServer(srv, server)
+	go func() { _ = srv.Serve(lis) }()
+	t.Cleanup(srv.Stop)
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient("passthrough:///bufnet",
+		grpc.WithContextDialer(func(_ context.Context, _ string) (net.Conn, error) { return lis.Dial() }),
+		grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()),
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = conn.Close() })
+	mgmtClient := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	// ---- 3. Seed account state: settings (redact + capture on), provider
+	// whose upstream URL points at our fake server, policy (catch-all-allow
+	// over the Admins group → window=0 path), and a generous budget rule
+	// targeting Admins so the curl succeeds and we can prove the counter
+	// increments on the response leg.
+	require.NoError(t, st.SaveAgentNetworkSettings(ctx, &agentNetworkTypes.Settings{
+		AccountID:              testAccountID,
+		Domain:                 domain,
+		ProxyAddress:           proxyAddress,
+		EnablePromptCollection: true,
+		EnableLogCollection:    true,
+		RedactPii:              true,
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, st.SaveAgentNetworkProvider(ctx, &agentNetworkTypes.Provider{
+		ID:          providerID,
+		AccountID:   testAccountID,
+		ProviderID:  "openai_api",
+		Name:        "openai-fullchain-test",
+		UpstreamURL: upstream.URL, // router rewrites to this
+		APIKey:      "sk-test",
+		Enabled:     true,
+		// Operator-pinned prices deliberately differ from the catalog's
+		// gpt-5.4 rates (0.0025/0.015) so the cost assertion below proves
+		// the per-provider-record price — not the default table — billed
+		// this request: stored price → synth → wire → cost_meter.
+		Models:            []agentNetworkTypes.ProviderModel{{ID: "gpt-5.4", InputPer1k: 0.004, OutputPer1k: 0.02}},
+		SessionPrivateKey: "priv",
+		SessionPublicKey:  "pub",
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, st.SaveAgentNetworkPolicy(ctx, &agentNetworkTypes.Policy{
+		ID:                     "ainpol-fullchain",
+		AccountID:              testAccountID,
+		Name:                   "admins-openai",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{adminGroupID},
+		DestinationProviderIDs: []string{providerID},
+		// No token / budget caps → effectiveWindowSeconds=0 → exercises the
+		// catch-all-allow path that the GC-2 record-on-window=0 fix targets.
+	}))
+	require.NoError(t, st.SaveAgentNetworkBudgetRule(ctx, &agentNetworkTypes.AccountBudgetRule{
+		ID:           "ainbud-admins-fullchain",
+		AccountID:    testAccountID,
+		Name:         "admins-monthly",
+		Enabled:      true,
+		TargetGroups: []string{adminGroupID},
+		Limits: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyLimits{
+			TokenLimit: agentNetworkTypes.PolicyTokenLimit{Enabled: true, GroupCap: 1_000_000, UserCap: 1_000_000, WindowSeconds: 60},
+		},
+	}))
+
+	// ---- 4. Synth the service. This produces the exact middleware chain
+	// configuration the production reconcile path ships to the proxy.
+	services, err := agentnetwork.SynthesizeServices(ctx, st, testAccountID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, services, 1, "exactly one synth service expected")
+	synthSvc := services[0]
+	require.NotEmpty(t, synthSvc.Targets, "synth target must exist")
+
+	// ---- 5. Wire the middleware framework — same registry the proxy uses
+	// in production, configured with our bufconn-backed management client.
+	mwbuiltin.Configure(ctx, nil, testLogger, mgmtClient)
+	registry := mwbuiltin.DefaultRegistry()
+	mwMetrics, err := middleware.NewMetrics(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	mwMgr := middleware.NewManager(0, mwMetrics, testLogger)
+	mwMgr.SetResolver(middleware.NewResolver(registry))
+
+	// Convert the synth's rpservice.MiddlewareConfig list into proxy
+	// middleware.Spec values. Mirrors the proto→Spec translation server.go
+	// does at runtime; kept inline here so the test isn't coupled to the
+	// proxy server's private translateMiddlewareConfig helper.
+	specs := make([]middleware.Spec, 0, len(synthSvc.Targets[0].Options.Middlewares))
+	for _, mw := range synthSvc.Targets[0].Options.Middlewares {
+		var slot middleware.Slot
+		switch mw.Slot {
+		case rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnRequest:
+			slot = middleware.SlotOnRequest
+		case rpservice.MiddlewareSlotOnResponse:
+			slot = middleware.SlotOnResponse
+		case rpservice.MiddlewareSlotTerminal:
+			slot = middleware.SlotTerminal
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("unknown middleware slot %q on %s", mw.Slot, mw.ID)
+		}
+		specs = append(specs, middleware.Spec{
+			ID:        mw.ID,
+			Slot:      slot,
+			Enabled:   mw.Enabled,
+			FailMode:  middleware.FailOpen,
+			Timeout:   middleware.DefaultTimeout,
+			RawConfig: append([]byte(nil), mw.ConfigJSON...),
+			CanMutate: mw.CanMutate,
+		})
+	}
+
+	serviceIDStr := synthSvc.ID
+	require.NoError(t, mwMgr.Rebuild(serviceIDStr, []middleware.PathTargetBinding{{
+		ServiceID: serviceIDStr,
+		PathID:    "/",
+		Specs:     specs,
+	}}))
+
+	// ---- 6. Build the reverse proxy, with a mapping whose target URL goes
+	// straight to the fake upstream (the router middleware rewriting upstream
+	// from the synth's noop placeholder isn't needed when we own the mapping
+	// in-process — point the target at the fake URL directly so the body
+	// arrives at the upstream the synth would have routed to).
+	upstreamURL, err := url.Parse(upstream.URL)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rp := proxy.NewReverseProxy(http.DefaultTransport, "auto", nil, testLogger, proxy.WithMiddlewareManager(mwMgr))
+	rp.AddMapping(proxy.Mapping{
+		ID:        nbproxytypes.ServiceID(serviceIDStr),
+		AccountID: nbproxytypes.AccountID(testAccountID),
+		Host:      synthSvc.Domain,
+		Paths: map[string]*proxy.PathTarget{
+			"/": {
+				URL:            upstreamURL,
+				DirectUpstream: true,
+				AgentNetwork:   true,
+				Middlewares:    specs,
+				CaptureConfig: &bodytap.Config{
+					MaxRequestBytes:  1 << 20,
+					MaxResponseBytes: 1 << 20,
+					ContentTypes:     []string{"application/json", "text/event-stream"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	// ---- 7. Send a request with the auth-stamped CapturedData (mimicking
+	// what the tunnel-peer auth middleware does at the edge of the proxy).
+	reqBody := `{"model":"gpt-5.4","client_metadata":{"session_id":"sess-fullchain-1"},"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"contact alice.johnson@example.com SSN 987-65-4321 phone (202)555-0156"}]}`
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "https://"+synthSvc.Domain+"/v1/chat/completions", strings.NewReader(reqBody))
+	req.Host = synthSvc.Domain
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	cd := proxy.NewCapturedData("test-request-1")
+	cd.SetServiceID(nbproxytypes.ServiceID(serviceIDStr))
+	cd.SetAccountID(nbproxytypes.AccountID(testAccountID))
+	cd.SetUserID(testAdminUser)
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{adminGroupID})
+	cd.SetAuthMethod("tunnel_peer")
+	req = req.WithContext(proxy.WithCapturedData(req.Context(), cd))
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	rp.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	require.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, w.Code, "upstream call must succeed end-to-end; body=%s", w.Body.String())
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, upstreamHits.Load(), int64(1), "fake upstream must have been hit")
+
+	// ---- 8. Assertions — the three guarantees this test exists for.
+
+	// 8a. The reverseproxy.go respInput construction carried UserGroups
+	// into the response-leg middleware chain, so llm_limit_record sent a
+	// non-empty group_ids on RecordLLMUsage. Verifying via the management
+	// store directly bypasses the manager's permission gate (which is nil
+	// in this test) — we want to confirm the row landed, not who saw it.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		rows, lerr := st.ListAgentNetworkConsumption(ctx, store.LockingStrengthNone, testAccountID)
+		if lerr != nil {
+			return false
+		}
+		for _, r := range rows {
+			if r.DimensionKind == agentNetworkTypes.DimensionGroup &&
+				r.DimensionID == adminGroupID &&
+				r.WindowSeconds == 60 &&
+				r.TokensInput+r.TokensOutput > 0 &&
+				r.CostUSD > 0 {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}, 5*time.Second, 50*time.Millisecond,
+		"Admins group consumption row must increment via the response leg WITH a non-zero cost — a zero cost means the operator's stored price never reached cost_meter (synth → wire → per-record lookup broken)")
+
+	// 8a-cost. Exact cost from the OPERATOR's stored price, not the catalog
+	// default: 12 prompt tokens × 0.004/1k + 40 completion tokens × 0.02/1k
+	// = 0.000048 + 0.0008 = 0.000848. With catalog rates it would be 0.00063
+	// — this assertion distinguishes the two, closing the loop on the whole
+	// dynamic-pricing feature (dashboard save → synth → gRPC wire →
+	// llm.resolved_provider_id lookup → billing).
+	assert.Equal(t, "0.000848000", cd.GetMetadata()["cost.usd_total"],
+		"cost must be computed from the provider record's operator-pinned price")
+
+	// 8b. Both the captured prompt and the captured completion are
+	// redacted — proves the synth threads redact_pii=true into BOTH parser
+	// configs and the parsers honour it at emission time.
+	md := cd.GetMetadata()
+	promptRaw := md["llm.request_prompt_raw"]
+	completionMeta := md["llm.response_completion"]
+
+	// 8a-bis. The session id from client_metadata.session_id flows through
+	// the request parser into the captured metadata, so the access-log /
+	// usage rows can group this request with the rest of its conversation.
+	assert.Equal(t, "sess-fullchain-1", md["llm.session_id"],
+		"session id must be extracted from client_metadata.session_id and carried through the chain")
+
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, promptRaw, "llm.request_prompt_raw must be present in captured metadata")
+	assert.Contains(t, promptRaw, "[REDACTED:", "captured raw prompt must carry redaction markers")
+	assert.NotContains(t, promptRaw, "alice.johnson@example.com", "raw email must NOT survive in prompt_raw")
+	assert.NotContains(t, promptRaw, "987-65-4321", "raw SSN must NOT survive in prompt_raw")
+	assert.NotContains(t, promptRaw, "(202)555-0156", "raw paren-no-space phone must NOT survive in prompt_raw")
+
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, completionMeta, "llm.response_completion must be present in captured metadata")
+	assert.Contains(t, completionMeta, "[REDACTED:", "captured completion must carry redaction markers")
+	assert.NotContains(t, completionMeta, "alice.johnson@example.com", "raw email must NOT survive in completion")
+	assert.NotContains(t, completionMeta, "123-45-6789", "raw SSN must NOT survive in completion")
+	assert.NotContains(t, completionMeta, "(202) 555-0147", "raw paren+space phone must NOT survive in completion")
+	assert.NotContains(t, completionMeta, "202/555/0108", "raw slash phone must NOT survive in completion")
+
+	_ = upstreamHost // kept for future header-inspection assertions if needed
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/context.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/context.go
index a888ad9ed..09bb9a8d1 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/context.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/context.go
@@ -52,8 +52,17 @@ type CapturedData struct {
 	origin     ResponseOrigin
 	clientIP   netip.Addr
 	userID     string
-	authMethod string
-	metadata   map[string]string
+	userEmail  string
+	userGroups []string
+	// userGroupNames pairs positionally with userGroups; populated from
+	// the JWT's group_names claim or from ValidateSession/Tunnel
+	// responses. Slice may be shorter than userGroups for tokens minted
+	// before names were resolvable.
+	userGroupNames    []string
+	authMethod        string
+	metadata          map[string]string
+	agentNetwork      bool
+	suppressAccessLog bool
 }
 
 // NewCapturedData creates a CapturedData with the given request ID.
@@ -138,6 +147,116 @@ func (c *CapturedData) GetUserID() string {
 	return c.userID
 }
 
+// SetUserEmail records the authenticated user's email address. Used by
+// policy-aware middlewares to stamp identity onto upstream requests
+// (e.g. x-litellm-end-user-id) without a management round-trip.
+func (c *CapturedData) SetUserEmail(email string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.userEmail = email
+}
+
+// GetUserEmail returns the authenticated user's email address. Returns
+// the empty string when the auth path didn't carry an email (e.g.
+// non-OIDC schemes or legacy JWTs minted before the email claim).
+func (c *CapturedData) GetUserEmail() string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	return c.userEmail
+}
+
+// SetUserGroups records the authenticated user's group memberships so
+// downstream policy-aware middlewares can authorise the request without
+// an additional management round-trip. The auth middleware populates this
+// from ValidateSessionResponse / ValidateTunnelPeerResponse and from the
+// session JWT's groups claim on cookie-bearing requests.
+func (c *CapturedData) SetUserGroups(groups []string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(groups) == 0 {
+		c.userGroups = nil
+		return
+	}
+	c.userGroups = append(c.userGroups[:0], groups...)
+}
+
+// SetAgentNetwork records whether the request hit a synthesised
+// agent-network target. The terminal access-log middleware stamps the
+// flag onto the proto so management can distinguish synthetic traffic.
+func (c *CapturedData) SetAgentNetwork(b bool) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.agentNetwork = b
+}
+
+// GetAgentNetwork reports whether the request matched a synthesised
+// agent-network target.
+func (c *CapturedData) GetAgentNetwork() bool {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	return c.agentNetwork
+}
+
+// SetSuppressAccessLog records whether the per-request access-log emission
+// must be skipped for this request. Stamped from the matched target's
+// DisableAccessLog flag so the access-log middleware can short-circuit
+// log delivery for opted-out agent-network targets.
+func (c *CapturedData) SetSuppressAccessLog(b bool) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.suppressAccessLog = b
+}
+
+// GetSuppressAccessLog reports whether access-log emission has been
+// suppressed for this request.
+func (c *CapturedData) GetSuppressAccessLog() bool {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	return c.suppressAccessLog
+}
+
+// GetUserGroups returns a copy of the authenticated user's group
+// memberships.
+func (c *CapturedData) GetUserGroups() []string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	if len(c.userGroups) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, len(c.userGroups))
+	copy(out, c.userGroups)
+	return out
+}
+
+// SetUserGroupNames records the human-readable display names for the
+// user's groups, ordered identically to UserGroups (positional
+// pairing). Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so
+// downstream services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+func (c *CapturedData) SetUserGroupNames(names []string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if len(names) == 0 {
+		c.userGroupNames = nil
+		return
+	}
+	c.userGroupNames = append(c.userGroupNames[:0], names...)
+}
+
+// GetUserGroupNames returns a copy of the authenticated user's group
+// display names. Position i pairs with UserGroups[i]. May be shorter
+// than UserGroups for tokens minted before names were resolvable; the
+// consumer should fall back to ids for missing positions.
+func (c *CapturedData) GetUserGroupNames() []string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	if len(c.userGroupNames) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, len(c.userGroupNames))
+	copy(out, c.userGroupNames)
+	return out
+}
+
 // SetAuthMethod sets the authentication method used.
 func (c *CapturedData) SetAuthMethod(method string) {
 	c.mu.Lock()
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/discovery_filter.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/discovery_filter.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5502e1f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/discovery_filter.go
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	sharedllm "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/llm"
+)
+
+// maxDiscoveryBodyBytes bounds the model-listing response the filter will
+// buffer. A listing is a few kilobytes of ids; anything larger is not a
+// listing we recognise, and buffering it to rewrite would cost more than
+// the filtering is worth.
+const maxDiscoveryBodyBytes = 1 << 20
+
+// modelDiscoveryFilter returns a ModifyResponse hook that drops models the
+// caller's policy does not authorise from a model-listing response, then
+// delegates to next (which may be nil).
+//
+// Clients populate their model picker from this endpoint, so an unfiltered
+// list offers models the very next request denies. The filter is
+// best-effort: a response it cannot safely rewrite passes through
+// untouched rather than reaching the client corrupted.
+func modelDiscoveryFilter(allowed []string, next func(*http.Response) error) func(*http.Response) error {
+	permitted := make(map[string]struct{}, len(allowed)*2)
+	for _, id := range allowed {
+		permitted[id] = struct{}{}
+		permitted[sharedllm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(id)] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	return func(resp *http.Response) error {
+		if err := filterModelListing(resp, permitted); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if next == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return next(resp)
+	}
+}
+
+// filterModelListing rewrites the response body in place, keeping only the
+// entries whose id the policy authorises. Responses that are not a plain
+// JSON listing are left alone.
+func filterModelListing(resp *http.Response, permitted map[string]struct{}) error {
+	if !isPlainJSONListing(resp) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// One byte past the cap, so an oversized body is detectable without
+	// buffering all of it.
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, maxDiscoveryBodyBytes+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(body) > maxDiscoveryBodyBytes {
+		// Too large to filter. Put the bytes already read back in front of the
+		// unread remainder and forward the response exactly as the upstream
+		// sent it, headers included. Buffering what was read and closing here
+		// would truncate the body at the cap and hand the client a short,
+		// invalid listing — worse than not filtering at all.
+		resp.Body = spliceBody(body, resp.Body)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := resp.Body.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	filtered, ok := filterListingBody(body, permitted)
+	if !ok {
+		restoreBody(resp, body)
+		return nil
+	}
+	restoreBody(resp, filtered)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// isPlainJSONListing reports whether the response is a JSON body the filter
+// can parse. A content-encoded body is skipped: the transport only
+// transparently decompresses what it negotiated itself, and the client
+// negotiates its own encoding on this request.
+func isPlainJSONListing(resp *http.Response) bool {
+	if resp == nil || resp.Body == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return false
+	}
+	if enc := resp.Header.Get("Content-Encoding"); enc != "" && !strings.EqualFold(enc, "identity") {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")), "application/json")
+}
+
+// listingEnvelopes maps a listing's wrapper key to the field naming the model
+// id inside it. Vendors did not converge on one shape: OpenAI's is what
+// Anthropic adopted, while Bedrock returns inference-profile summaries under a
+// key of its own. A body matching none of these is forwarded untouched.
+var listingEnvelopes = []struct {
+	key     string
+	idField string
+}{
+	{"data", "id"},
+	{"inferenceProfileSummaries", "inferenceProfileId"},
+}
+
+// filterListingBody returns the listing with unauthorised entries removed.
+// ok is false when the body is not a listing shape, in which case the
+// caller must forward the original bytes.
+func filterListingBody(body []byte, permitted map[string]struct{}) ([]byte, bool) {
+	var doc map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &doc); err != nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	for _, envelope := range listingEnvelopes {
+		raw, present := doc[envelope.key]
+		if !present {
+			continue
+		}
+		var entries []map[string]json.RawMessage
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &entries); err != nil {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+
+		kept := make([]map[string]json.RawMessage, 0, len(entries))
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			if entryPermitted(entry, envelope.idField, permitted) {
+				kept = append(kept, entry)
+			}
+		}
+
+		encoded, err := json.Marshal(kept)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		doc[envelope.key] = encoded
+		out, err := json.Marshal(doc)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		return out, true
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// entryPermitted reports whether a listing entry names a model the policy
+// authorises, trying every form the same model is written in.
+func entryPermitted(entry map[string]json.RawMessage, idField string, permitted map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	raw, ok := entry[idField]
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	var id string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &id); err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, candidate := range modelIDForms(id) {
+		if _, ok := permitted[candidate]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// gatewayNamespaces are the provider prefixes a gateway prepends to a model
+// it re-exports: LiteLLM lists a Bedrock model the operator registered as
+// "anthropic.claude-opus-5" under "bedrock/anthropic.claude-opus-5". Only
+// these are stripped before matching.
+//
+// A slash is not by itself a namespace separator. Self-hosted backends ship
+// ids that carry one ("Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct"), and an upstream is free
+// to scope ids per tenant ("tenant-b/claude-sonnet-5"). Treating every slash
+// as a prefix let any such id match an allowed model by its tail, so the
+// picker offered models the policy never named.
+var gatewayNamespaces = map[string]struct{}{
+	"anthropic": {},
+	"azure":     {},
+	"bedrock":   {},
+	"mistral":   {},
+	"openai":    {},
+	"vertex_ai": {},
+}
+
+// modelIDForms returns the forms a single model id may be written in: the id
+// itself, its undated form, and — when the id is namespaced by a gateway we
+// recognise — the same two with that namespace removed
+// ("vertex_ai/claude-sonnet-5"). The bare id is always tried first.
+//
+// The namespace is what precedes the FIRST slash: it is a prefix the gateway
+// put in front of the whole id, and everything after it is the id the
+// operator would have registered, separators included.
+func modelIDForms(id string) []string {
+	if id == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	forms := []string{id, sharedllm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(id)}
+	// A Bedrock listing returns region-prefixed, version-suffixed profile ids
+	// ("eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0") while the record may
+	// register the catalog key. Stripping to the key is a no-op for ids that
+	// carry neither, so this costs nothing on the other surfaces.
+	if bedrock := sharedllm.NormalizeBedrockModel(id); bedrock != id {
+		forms = append(forms, bedrock)
+	}
+	if slash := strings.Index(id, "/"); slash > 0 {
+		if _, ok := gatewayNamespaces[id[:slash]]; ok {
+			tail := id[slash+1:]
+			forms = append(forms, tail, sharedllm.NormalizeAnthropicModel(tail))
+		}
+	}
+	return forms
+}
+
+// restoreBody puts body back on the response and fixes the length headers
+// so the client reads exactly what is there.
+// spliceBody returns a ReadCloser that yields prefix followed by whatever is
+// left in rest, closing rest when closed. It lets the filter put back bytes it
+// consumed while deciding, without owning the rest of the stream.
+func spliceBody(prefix []byte, rest io.ReadCloser) io.ReadCloser {
+	return struct {
+		io.Reader
+		io.Closer
+	}{
+		Reader: io.MultiReader(bytes.NewReader(prefix), rest),
+		Closer: rest,
+	}
+}
+
+func restoreBody(resp *http.Response, body []byte) {
+	resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(body))
+	resp.ContentLength = int64(len(body))
+	resp.Header.Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(body)))
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/discovery_filter_test.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/discovery_filter_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd5666345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/discovery_filter_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// jsonListingResponse builds a 200 model-listing response with the given
+// body, as an upstream would return it.
+func jsonListingResponse(body string) *http.Response {
+	resp := &http.Response{
+		StatusCode:    http.StatusOK,
+		Header:        http.Header{},
+		Body:          io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(body)),
+		ContentLength: int64(len(body)),
+	}
+	resp.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	return resp
+}
+
+// listedIDs runs the filter and returns the ids left in the response.
+func listedIDs(t *testing.T, allowed []string, body string) []string {
+	t.Helper()
+	resp := jsonListingResponse(body)                            //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body, replaced by the filter
+	require.NoError(t, modelDiscoveryFilter(allowed, nil)(resp)) //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body, replaced by the filter
+
+	raw, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var doc struct {
+		Data []struct {
+			ID string `json:"id"`
+		} `json:"data"`
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &doc), "filtered body must stay valid JSON")
+
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(doc.Data))
+	for _, entry := range doc.Data {
+		ids = append(ids, entry.ID)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryFilter_KeepsOnlyAuthorisedModels covers the picker a
+// developer sees: an unfiltered upstream list offers every model the shared
+// key can reach, and each one the policy excludes is a request the chain
+// denies a moment later.
+func TestModelDiscoveryFilter_KeepsOnlyAuthorisedModels(t *testing.T) {
+	ids := listedIDs(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-5", "claude-haiku-4-5"}, `{
+		"data": [
+			{"id": "claude-opus-5", "display_name": "Claude Opus 5"},
+			{"id": "claude-sonnet-5", "display_name": "Claude Sonnet 5"},
+			{"id": "claude-haiku-4-5"}
+		],
+		"has_more": false
+	}`)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-5", "claude-haiku-4-5"}, ids,
+		"only the models the route authorises may reach the picker")
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryFilter_MatchesDatedAndPrefixedIDs pins the two id forms
+// a gateway returns for a model the operator registered plainly.
+func TestModelDiscoveryFilter_MatchesDatedAndPrefixedIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	ids := listedIDs(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-4-5", "anthropic.claude-opus-5"}, `{
+		"data": [
+			{"id": "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929"},
+			{"id": "bedrock/anthropic.claude-opus-5"},
+			{"id": "gpt-4o"}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929", "bedrock/anthropic.claude-opus-5"}, ids,
+		"a dated or provider-prefixed id must match its registered form")
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryFilter_PreservesEnvelopeFields guards the rest of the
+// document: clients read paging fields alongside data.
+func TestModelDiscoveryFilter_PreservesEnvelopeFields(t *testing.T) {
+	resp := jsonListingResponse(`{"data":[{"id":"claude-sonnet-5"}],"has_more":true,"first_id":"x"}`) //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body, replaced by the filter
+	require.NoError(t, modelDiscoveryFilter([]string{"claude-sonnet-5"}, nil)(resp))                  //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body, replaced by the filter
+
+	raw, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var doc map[string]any
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(raw, &doc))
+	assert.Equal(t, true, doc["has_more"], "paging fields must survive the rewrite")
+	assert.Equal(t, "x", doc["first_id"])
+	assert.Equal(t, strconv.Itoa(len(raw)), resp.Header.Get("Content-Length"),
+		"Content-Length must match the rewritten body")
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryFilter_PassesThroughUnfilterable covers the responses
+// the filter must not touch: a compressed body it cannot parse, a non-JSON
+// body, an error status, and a document with no data array.
+func TestModelDiscoveryFilter_PassesThroughUnfilterable(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]func() *http.Response{
+		"compressed": func() *http.Response {
+			resp := jsonListingResponse(`{"data":[{"id":"gpt-4o"}]}`)
+			resp.Header.Set("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
+			return resp
+		},
+		"not json": func() *http.Response {
+			resp := jsonListingResponse(`{"data":[{"id":"gpt-4o"}]}`)
+			resp.Header.Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
+			return resp
+		},
+		"error status": func() *http.Response {
+			resp := jsonListingResponse(`{"data":[{"id":"gpt-4o"}]}`)
+			resp.StatusCode = http.StatusInternalServerError
+			return resp
+		},
+		"no data array": func() *http.Response {
+			return jsonListingResponse(`{"object":"list"}`)
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, build := range cases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			resp := build() //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body, replaced by the filter
+			original, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(original))
+
+			require.NoError(t, modelDiscoveryFilter([]string{"claude-sonnet-5"}, nil)(resp)) //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body, replaced by the filter
+
+			got, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, string(original), string(got), "an unfilterable response must reach the client unchanged")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryFilter_RunsNextHook pins that an existing
+// ModifyResponse hook still runs after filtering.
+func TestModelDiscoveryFilter_RunsNextHook(t *testing.T) {
+	called := false
+	next := func(*http.Response) error {
+		called = true
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	resp := jsonListingResponse(`{"data":[{"id":"claude-sonnet-5"}]}`)                //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body, replaced by the filter
+	require.NoError(t, modelDiscoveryFilter([]string{"claude-sonnet-5"}, next)(resp)) //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body, replaced by the filter
+	assert.True(t, called, "the chained hook must still run")
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryFilter_KeepsSlashBearingIDs covers self-hosted backends
+// whose model ids carry a slash of their own. Treating the slash as a
+// gateway prefix and keeping only the tail dropped every such model from
+// the picker even though the policy named it exactly.
+func TestModelDiscoveryFilter_KeepsSlashBearingIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	ids := listedIDs(t, []string{"Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct"}, `{
+		"object": "list",
+		"data": [
+			{"id": "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct"},
+			{"id": "Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct"}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct"}, ids,
+		"a slash inside the model id is part of the id, not a provider prefix")
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryFilter_RejectsTailMatchOnUnknownNamespace covers the id
+// an upstream scopes with a prefix of its own. "tenant-b/claude-sonnet-5"
+// ends in a model the policy permits, but it is a different model on a
+// different tenant, and the guardrail denies that string outright — so
+// offering it hands the picker an entry the next request refuses.
+func TestModelDiscoveryFilter_RejectsTailMatchOnUnknownNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	ids := listedIDs(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-5"}, `{
+		"data": [
+			{"id": "claude-sonnet-5"},
+			{"id": "tenant-b/claude-sonnet-5"},
+			{"id": "Qwen/claude-sonnet-5"}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"claude-sonnet-5"}, ids,
+		"only a namespace a gateway is known to prepend may be stripped before matching")
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryFilter_ForwardsOversizedBodyIntact covers a listing past
+// the buffering cap. The filter reads one byte beyond the cap to detect the
+// size; forwarding only what it read would hand the client a body truncated
+// at exactly 1 MiB — valid-looking, short, and unparseable as JSON. The bytes
+// already read must be spliced back in front of the unread remainder so the
+// response reaches the client exactly as the upstream sent it.
+func TestModelDiscoveryFilter_ForwardsOversizedBodyIntact(t *testing.T) {
+	// A well-formed listing whose single entry pads the body past the cap.
+	padding := strings.Repeat("x", maxDiscoveryBodyBytes)
+	body := `{"object":"list","data":[{"id":"gpt-4o","note":"` + padding + `"}]}`
+	require.Greater(t, len(body), maxDiscoveryBodyBytes+1,
+		"the fixture must exceed the cap by more than the one-byte probe")
+
+	resp := jsonListingResponse(body)                        //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body
+	require.NoError(t, modelDiscoveryFilter(nil, nil)(resp)) //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body
+
+	got, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, len(body), len(got),
+		"an oversized listing must reach the client whole, not truncated at the cap")
+	assert.Equal(t, body, string(got), "the forwarded bytes must be the upstream's own")
+
+	var doc map[string]json.RawMessage
+	assert.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(got, &doc),
+		"the forwarded body must still parse as JSON")
+}
+
+// TestModelDiscoveryFilter_OversizedBodyKeepsUpstreamHeaders pins that the
+// oversized path leaves the response metadata alone. Rewriting Content-Length
+// to the truncated prefix is what made the corruption invisible to the client
+// until it tried to parse.
+func TestModelDiscoveryFilter_OversizedBodyKeepsUpstreamHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	padding := strings.Repeat("x", maxDiscoveryBodyBytes)
+	body := `{"object":"list","data":[{"id":"gpt-4o","note":"` + padding + `"}]}`
+
+	resp := jsonListingResponse(body) //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body
+	resp.Header.Set("Content-Length", strconv.Itoa(len(body)))
+	require.NoError(t, modelDiscoveryFilter(nil, nil)(resp)) //nolint:bodyclose // in-memory body
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(len(body)), resp.ContentLength,
+		"ContentLength must keep describing the body the client receives")
+	assert.Equal(t, strconv.Itoa(len(body)), resp.Header.Get("Content-Length"),
+		"the Content-Length header must not be rewritten to the truncated prefix")
+}
+
+// TestFilterBedrockInferenceProfiles covers the second listing envelope. AWS
+// returns inference-profile summaries under a key of its own with an id field
+// of its own, so a filter that only knew OpenAI's shape forwarded a Bedrock
+// listing whole — offering every profile in the account regardless of policy.
+func TestFilterBedrockInferenceProfiles(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{"inferenceProfileSummaries":[
+	  {"inferenceProfileId":"eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0","status":"ACTIVE"},
+	  {"inferenceProfileId":"eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6","status":"ACTIVE"},
+	  {"inferenceProfileId":"global.cohere.embed-v4:0","status":"ACTIVE"}
+	]}`)
+
+	// The permitted set holds what the record registers. Here that is the
+	// catalog key, while the vendor answers with region-prefixed wire ids —
+	// the two must still line up.
+	permitted := map[string]struct{}{"anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5": {}}
+
+	out, ok := filterListingBody(body, permitted)
+	require.True(t, ok, "a Bedrock listing must be recognised as filterable")
+
+	var doc struct {
+		Summaries []struct {
+			ID string `json:"inferenceProfileId"`
+		} `json:"inferenceProfileSummaries"`
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(out, &doc))
+	require.Len(t, doc.Summaries, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0", doc.Summaries[0].ID)
+}
+
+// TestFilterLeavesUnknownEnvelopesAlone keeps the best-effort contract: a body
+// the filter cannot parse must reach the client exactly as the upstream sent
+// it, rather than being rewritten into something shorter and wrong.
+func TestFilterLeavesUnknownEnvelopesAlone(t *testing.T) {
+	_, ok := filterListingBody([]byte(`{"models":[{"name":"something"}]}`), map[string]struct{}{})
+	assert.False(t, ok)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go
index 246851d24..7c9e21261 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package proxy
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -11,13 +12,17 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/roundtrip"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/web"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 )
 
 type ReverseProxy struct {
@@ -25,13 +30,32 @@ type ReverseProxy struct {
 	// forwardedProto overrides the X-Forwarded-Proto header value.
 	// Valid values: "auto" (detect from TLS), "http", "https".
 	forwardedProto string
-	// trustedProxies is a list of IP prefixes for trusted upstream proxies.
-	// When the direct connection comes from a trusted proxy, forwarding
-	// headers are preserved and appended to instead of being stripped.
-	trustedProxies []netip.Prefix
+	// trustedProxies is the set of trusted upstream proxies. When the direct
+	// connection comes from a trusted proxy, forwarding headers are preserved
+	// and appended to instead of being stripped.
+	trustedProxies *trustedproxy.List
 	mappingsMux    sync.RWMutex
 	mappings       map[string]Mapping
 	logger         *log.Logger
+	// middlewareManager, when non-nil, drives per-target middleware
+	// dispatch. A nil manager (or an empty chain for the resolved
+	// target) keeps the reverse-proxy hot path on the no-capture fast
+	// path with no middleware overhead.
+	middlewareManager *middleware.Manager
+}
+
+// Option configures optional ReverseProxy behavior. Options exist so the core
+// constructor signature stays stable across additive features.
+type Option func(*ReverseProxy)
+
+// WithMiddlewareManager attaches a middleware manager to the reverse
+// proxy. When the manager is nil or returns an empty chain for the
+// target, the request follows the fast path with no middleware
+// overhead.
+func WithMiddlewareManager(m *middleware.Manager) Option {
+	return func(p *ReverseProxy) {
+		p.middlewareManager = m
+	}
 }
 
 // NewReverseProxy configures a new NetBird ReverseProxy.
@@ -40,51 +64,54 @@ type ReverseProxy struct {
 // between requested URLs and targets.
 // The internal mappings can be modified using the AddMapping
 // and RemoveMapping functions.
-func NewReverseProxy(transport http.RoundTripper, forwardedProto string, trustedProxies []netip.Prefix, logger *log.Logger) *ReverseProxy {
+func NewReverseProxy(transport http.RoundTripper, forwardedProto string, trustedProxies *trustedproxy.List, logger *log.Logger, opts ...Option) *ReverseProxy {
 	if logger == nil {
 		logger = log.StandardLogger()
 	}
-	return &ReverseProxy{
+	p := &ReverseProxy{
 		transport:      transport,
 		forwardedProto: forwardedProto,
 		trustedProxies: trustedProxies,
 		mappings:       make(map[string]Mapping),
 		logger:         logger,
 	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(p)
+	}
+	return p
 }
 
 func (p *ReverseProxy) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	result, exists := p.findTargetForRequest(r)
 	if !exists {
-		if cd := CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
-			cd.SetOrigin(OriginNoRoute)
-		}
-		requestID := getRequestID(r)
-		web.ServeErrorPage(w, r, http.StatusNotFound, "Service Not Found",
-			"The requested service could not be found. Please check the URL, try refreshing, or check if the peer is running. If that doesn't work, see our documentation for help.",
-			requestID, web.ErrorStatus{Proxy: true, Destination: false})
+		p.serveRouteError(w, r, http.StatusNotFound, "Service Not Found",
+			"The requested service could not be found. Please check the URL, try refreshing, or check if the peer is running. If that doesn't work, see our documentation for help.")
 		return
 	}
 
-	ctx := r.Context()
-	// Set the account ID in the context for the roundtripper to use.
-	ctx = roundtrip.WithAccountID(ctx, result.accountID)
+	// Loop guard for private services: a peer that hosts the target
+	// dialing its own service URL would round-trip its own traffic
+	// through the proxy and back over WG to itself. Refuse the request
+	// with 421 (Misdirected Request) so the caller sees an explicit
+	// error instead of silently doubling tunnel traffic.
+	if p.isSelfTargetLoop(r, result.target.URL) {
+		p.serveRouteError(w, r, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, "Loop Detected",
+			"This peer is the target of the requested service. Reach the backend directly instead of dialing the public service URL from the same machine.")
+		return
+	}
+
+	pt := result.target
+	ctx := p.buildTargetContext(r.Context(), result)
 
 	// Populate captured data if it exists (allows middleware to read after handler completes).
 	// This solves the problem of passing data UP the middleware chain: we put a mutable struct
 	// pointer in the context, and mutate the struct here so outer middleware can read it.
-	if capturedData := CapturedDataFromContext(ctx); capturedData != nil {
+	capturedData := CapturedDataFromContext(ctx)
+	if capturedData != nil {
 		capturedData.SetServiceID(result.serviceID)
 		capturedData.SetAccountID(result.accountID)
-	}
-
-	pt := result.target
-
-	if pt.SkipTLSVerify {
-		ctx = roundtrip.WithSkipTLSVerify(ctx)
-	}
-	if pt.RequestTimeout > 0 {
-		ctx = types.WithDialTimeout(ctx, pt.RequestTimeout)
+		capturedData.SetAgentNetwork(result.target != nil && result.target.AgentNetwork)
+		capturedData.SetSuppressAccessLog(result.target != nil && result.target.DisableAccessLog)
 	}
 
 	rewriteMatchedPath := result.matchedPath
@@ -92,6 +119,45 @@ func (p *ReverseProxy) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		rewriteMatchedPath = ""
 	}
 
+	chain := p.resolveChain(result)
+	if chain == nil || chain.Empty() {
+		p.serveDirect(w, r, ctx, result, rewriteMatchedPath)
+		return
+	}
+	p.serveWithChain(w, r, ctx, result, chain, rewriteMatchedPath, capturedData)
+}
+
+// serveRouteError marks the request as un-routed on any captured-data
+// context and renders the proxy error page.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) serveRouteError(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, status int, title, message string) {
+	if cd := CapturedDataFromContext(r.Context()); cd != nil {
+		cd.SetOrigin(OriginNoRoute)
+	}
+	web.ServeErrorPage(w, r, status, title, message, getRequestID(r),
+		web.ErrorStatus{Proxy: true, Destination: false})
+}
+
+// buildTargetContext layers the per-target roundtrip flags (account id,
+// TLS-verify skip, direct upstream, dial timeout) onto the request context.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) buildTargetContext(ctx context.Context, result targetResult) context.Context {
+	pt := result.target
+	ctx = roundtrip.WithAccountID(ctx, result.accountID)
+	if pt.SkipTLSVerify {
+		ctx = roundtrip.WithSkipTLSVerify(ctx)
+	}
+	if pt.DirectUpstream {
+		ctx = roundtrip.WithDirectUpstream(ctx)
+	}
+	if pt.RequestTimeout > 0 {
+		ctx = types.WithDialTimeout(ctx, pt.RequestTimeout)
+	}
+	return ctx
+}
+
+// serveDirect forwards the request without a middleware chain — the common
+// path for plain reverse-proxy targets.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) serveDirect(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ctx context.Context, result targetResult, rewriteMatchedPath string) {
+	pt := result.target
 	rp := &httputil.ReverseProxy{
 		Rewrite:       p.rewriteFunc(pt.URL, rewriteMatchedPath, result.passHostHeader, pt.PathRewrite, pt.CustomHeaders, result.stripAuthHeaders),
 		Transport:     p.transport,
@@ -104,6 +170,378 @@ func (p *ReverseProxy) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	rp.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
 }
 
+// serveWithChain runs the per-target middleware chain around the upstream
+// request: request-leg capture and authorisation, then (on allow) the
+// upstream forward with response/terminal observation deferred so it reads
+// the captured response before the writer is released.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) serveWithChain(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ctx context.Context, result targetResult, chain *middleware.Chain, rewriteMatchedPath string, capturedData *CapturedData) {
+	middlewareIDs := chain.IDs()
+	p.logger.Debugf("middleware chain matched: service=%s path=%s middlewares=%v", result.serviceID, result.matchedPath, middlewareIDs)
+
+	capturedBody, truncated, originalSize, releaseBudget := p.captureRequestForChain(ctx, r, result, capturedData)
+	defer releaseBudget()
+
+	acc := middleware.NewAccumulator(middleware.MaxRequestMetadataBytes)
+	reqInput := buildRequestInput(r, result, capturedData, capturedBody, truncated, originalSize)
+
+	denyOutput, requestMeta, upstreamRewrite, _ := chain.RunRequest(ctx, r, reqInput, acc)
+	if capturedData != nil {
+		for _, kv := range requestMeta {
+			capturedData.SetMetadata(kv.Key, kv.Value)
+		}
+	}
+	if denyOutput != nil {
+		p.serveDeny(w, denyOutput, result, middlewareIDs)
+		return
+	}
+
+	respWriter, capturingWriter := p.newResponseWriter(ctx, w, result, capturedData)
+	if capturingWriter != nil {
+		defer capturingWriter.Release()
+		defer p.observeResponse(ctx, chain, acc, reqInput, requestMeta, capturingWriter, w, capturedData, result, middlewareIDs)
+	}
+
+	p.forwardUpstream(respWriter, r, ctx, result, rewriteMatchedPath, upstreamRewrite)
+}
+
+// captureRequestForChain copies the request body for inspection by the
+// chain, records any capture bypass, and applies agent-network routing
+// recovery for oversized bodies. The returned release frees the capture
+// budget and must be deferred by the caller.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) captureRequestForChain(ctx context.Context, r *http.Request, result targetResult, capturedData *CapturedData) ([]byte, bool, int64, func()) {
+	pt := result.target
+	capturedBody, truncated, originalSize, bypass, releaseBudget, captureErr := bodytap.CaptureRequest(r, pt.CaptureConfig, p.middlewareManager.Budget())
+	if captureErr != nil {
+		p.logger.Debugf("middleware request body capture error: %v", captureErr)
+	}
+	if bypass != "" {
+		if capturedData != nil {
+			capturedData.SetMetadata("mw.capture.bypass_reason", bypass)
+		}
+		p.middlewareManager.Metrics().IncCaptureBypass(ctx, string(result.serviceID), bypass)
+	}
+
+	// Routing recovery for oversized agent-network requests: when the body
+	// exceeded the capture cap (bypassed or truncated), the captured copy
+	// can't be parsed for the model, so llm_router would deny with
+	// model_not_routable. Scan the full stream for just the routing fields
+	// and hand the request parser a minimal stub so routing succeeds; the
+	// prompt stays uncaptured and the upstream still gets the full body.
+	if pt.AgentNetwork && (truncated || capturedBody == nil) {
+		if model, stream, ok := bodytap.ScanRoutingFields(r, bodytap.MaxRoutingScanBytes); ok {
+			capturedBody = buildRoutingStub(model, stream)
+			truncated = false
+			p.logger.Debugf("agent-network routing recovery: extracted model=%s stream=%t from oversized request body (service=%s)", model, stream, result.serviceID)
+		}
+	}
+	return capturedBody, truncated, originalSize, releaseBudget
+}
+
+// serveDeny renders the chain's deny response. Policy/budget/routing/guardrail
+// denials are expected runtime outcomes and can be high-volume under
+// misconfigured or hostile clients; per-request detail stays at Debug and
+// metrics/access logs carry the signal at scale.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) serveDeny(w http.ResponseWriter, denyOutput *middleware.Output, result targetResult, middlewareIDs []string) {
+	middlewareID := "middleware"
+	if denyOutput.DenyReason != nil && denyOutput.DenyReason.Code != "" {
+		middlewareID = denyOutput.DenyReason.Code
+	}
+	p.logger.Debugf("middleware chain denied request: service=%s path=%s middlewares=%v reason=%s status=%d",
+		result.serviceID, result.matchedPath, middlewareIDs, middlewareID, denyOutput.DenyStatus)
+	middleware.RenderDenyResponse(w, middlewareID, denyOutput.DenyReason, denyOutput.DenyStatus)
+}
+
+// newResponseWriter returns the writer the upstream forward should use. When
+// response capture is enabled and not bypassed it wraps w in a capturing
+// writer (also returned so the caller can release it and feed the response
+// leg); otherwise the capturing writer is nil and w is used directly.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) newResponseWriter(ctx context.Context, w http.ResponseWriter, result targetResult, capturedData *CapturedData) (http.ResponseWriter, *bodytap.CapturingResponseWriter) {
+	pt := result.target
+	if pt.CaptureConfig == nil || pt.CaptureConfig.MaxResponseBytes <= 0 {
+		return w, nil
+	}
+	capturingWriter := bodytap.NewCapturingResponseWriter(w, pt.CaptureConfig.MaxResponseBytes, p.middlewareManager.Budget())
+	if capturingWriter.Bypassed() {
+		if capturedData != nil {
+			capturedData.SetMetadata("mw.capture.bypass_reason", capturingWriter.BypassReason())
+		}
+		p.middlewareManager.Metrics().IncCaptureBypass(ctx, string(result.serviceID), capturingWriter.BypassReason())
+		capturingWriter.Release()
+		return w, nil
+	}
+	return capturingWriter, capturingWriter
+}
+
+// observeResponse runs the response and terminal middleware slots after the
+// body has been forwarded. It is deferred by serveWithChain so it reads the
+// captured response before the writer is released.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) observeResponse(ctx context.Context, chain *middleware.Chain, acc *middleware.Accumulator, reqInput *middleware.Input, requestMeta []middleware.KV, capturingWriter *bodytap.CapturingResponseWriter, w http.ResponseWriter, capturedData *CapturedData, result targetResult, middlewareIDs []string) {
+	respInput := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:              middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		RequestID:         reqInput.RequestID,
+		TargetID:          reqInput.TargetID,
+		Method:            reqInput.Method,
+		URL:               reqInput.URL,
+		Headers:           reqInput.Headers,
+		Status:            capturingWriter.Status(),
+		RespHeaders:       headerToKV(w.Header()),
+		RespBody:          capturingWriter.Body(),
+		RespBodyTruncated: capturingWriter.Truncated(),
+		OriginalRespSize:  capturingWriter.BytesWritten(),
+		ServiceID:         reqInput.ServiceID,
+		AccountID:         reqInput.AccountID,
+		UserID:            reqInput.UserID,
+		// UserEmail / UserGroups / UserGroupNames must flow into the
+		// response leg too — llm_limit_record needs UserGroups to send
+		// group_ids on RecordLLMUsage so management's account-budget
+		// fan-out can match group-targeted rules; identity-stamping and
+		// any future response-side authorisation also depend on these.
+		UserEmail:      reqInput.UserEmail,
+		UserGroups:     reqInput.UserGroups,
+		UserGroupNames: reqInput.UserGroupNames,
+		AuthMethod:     reqInput.AuthMethod,
+		SourceIP:       reqInput.SourceIP,
+		Metadata:       requestMeta,
+		AgentNetwork:   reqInput.AgentNetwork,
+	}
+	// The response/terminal phase runs after the body is forwarded, so
+	// a streaming client (e.g. Codex) has usually disconnected by now,
+	// cancelling r.Context(). These middlewares only observe and record
+	// (token/cost metering, usage recording) and must still complete —
+	// otherwise the dispatcher short-circuits each to fail-mode and the
+	// usage is silently lost. Detach from client cancellation, keep ctx
+	// values, and bound the work.
+	obsCtx, obsCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.WithoutCancel(ctx), observabilityPhaseTimeout)
+	defer obsCancel()
+
+	respMeta := chain.RunResponse(obsCtx, respInput, acc)
+	if capturedData != nil {
+		for _, kv := range respMeta {
+			capturedData.SetMetadata(kv.Key, kv.Value)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Terminal slot sees the merged metadata bag from request and
+	// response phases.
+	mergedMeta := append(append([]middleware.KV(nil), requestMeta...), respMeta...)
+	termInput := *respInput
+	termInput.Slot = middleware.SlotTerminal
+	termInput.Metadata = mergedMeta
+	termMeta := chain.RunTerminal(obsCtx, &termInput, acc)
+	if capturedData != nil {
+		for _, kv := range termMeta {
+			capturedData.SetMetadata(kv.Key, kv.Value)
+		}
+	}
+
+	p.logger.Debugf("middleware chain ran: service=%s path=%s middlewares=%v status=%d req_meta=%d resp_meta=%d term_meta=%d",
+		result.serviceID, result.matchedPath, middlewareIDs, capturingWriter.Status(), len(requestMeta), len(respMeta), len(termMeta))
+}
+
+// forwardUpstream applies any middleware-emitted upstream rewrite and proxies
+// the request to the effective upstream URL.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) forwardUpstream(respWriter http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ctx context.Context, result targetResult, rewriteMatchedPath string, upstreamRewrite *middleware.UpstreamRewrite) {
+	pt := result.target
+	effectiveURL := applyUpstreamRewrite(pt.URL, upstreamRewrite)
+	if upstreamRewrite != nil {
+		r.Host = effectiveURL.Host
+		applyUpstreamHeaders(r, upstreamRewrite)
+		stripUpstreamPathPrefix(r, upstreamRewrite.StripPathPrefix)
+		// A router-selected route (e.g. agent-network provider) can opt into
+		// skipping upstream TLS verification per its provider config.
+		if upstreamRewrite.SkipTLSVerify {
+			ctx = roundtrip.WithSkipTLSVerify(ctx)
+		}
+	}
+
+	rp := &httputil.ReverseProxy{
+		Rewrite:       p.rewriteFunc(effectiveURL, rewriteMatchedPath, result.passHostHeader, pt.PathRewrite, pt.CustomHeaders, result.stripAuthHeaders),
+		Transport:     p.transport,
+		FlushInterval: -1,
+		ErrorHandler:  p.proxyErrorHandler,
+	}
+	if result.rewriteRedirects {
+		rp.ModifyResponse = p.rewriteLocationFunc(effectiveURL, rewriteMatchedPath, r) //nolint:bodyclose
+	}
+	if upstreamRewrite != nil && len(upstreamRewrite.DiscoveryModels) > 0 {
+		rp.ModifyResponse = modelDiscoveryFilter(upstreamRewrite.DiscoveryModels, rp.ModifyResponse) //nolint:bodyclose // the hook replaces the body and closes the original
+	}
+	rp.ServeHTTP(respWriter, r.WithContext(ctx))
+}
+
+// buildRoutingStub returns a minimal JSON request body carrying only the
+// model and stream fields. It feeds the LLM request parser when the real
+// body was too large to capture: the parser emits llm.model / llm.stream
+// so llm_router can route, while ExtractPrompt on the stub yields nothing
+// — no prompt is captured for oversized requests.
+func buildRoutingStub(model string, stream bool) []byte {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"model": model, "stream": stream})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+// applyUpstreamRewrite returns the effective upstream URL after
+// applying a middleware-emitted rewrite. When rewrite is nil or
+// incomplete, the original target is returned unchanged. The original
+// URL is never mutated; a clone is returned when a rewrite applies.
+//
+// Rewrite Path semantics: when non-empty, replaces the cloned URL's
+// path entirely. httputil.ProxyRequest.SetURL then joins target.Path
+// with the agent's request path, so an operator-configured upstream
+// path like "/v1/{account}/{gateway}/compat" gets prepended to
+// "/chat/completions" yielding the full Cloudflare-shaped path.
+// Empty rewrite.Path preserves the original target's path (the
+// historical, non-agent-network behavior).
+func applyUpstreamRewrite(orig *url.URL, rewrite *middleware.UpstreamRewrite) *url.URL {
+	if rewrite == nil || orig == nil {
+		return orig
+	}
+	if rewrite.Scheme == "" || rewrite.Host == "" {
+		return orig
+	}
+	cloned := *orig
+	cloned.Scheme = rewrite.Scheme
+	cloned.Host = rewrite.Host
+	if rewrite.Path != "" {
+		cloned.Path = rewrite.Path
+		cloned.RawPath = ""
+	}
+	return &cloned
+}
+
+// stripUpstreamPathPrefix removes a gateway-namespace prefix (e.g. "/bedrock")
+// from the request path before it is forwarded, so the upstream receives its
+// native path. The chain has already run by this point, so metering/logging
+// keep the original client path; only the outbound path is rewritten. RawPath
+// is cleared so the escaped form is recomputed from the trimmed Path.
+func stripUpstreamPathPrefix(r *http.Request, prefix string) {
+	if r == nil || r.URL == nil || prefix == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, prefix+"/") && r.URL.Path != prefix {
+		return
+	}
+	r.URL.Path = strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Path, prefix)
+	if r.URL.Path == "" {
+		r.URL.Path = "/"
+	}
+	r.URL.RawPath = ""
+}
+
+// applyUpstreamHeaders strips the headers the rewrite asks for and
+// injects the resolved auth header on the in-flight request. It is
+// the proxy-trusted counterpart to chain.applyMutations: regular
+// middleware HeadersAdd/HeadersRemove pass through the framework
+// denylist (which blocks Authorization, Cookie, etc.), but the
+// router middleware needs to replace Authorization on the upstream
+// request as a first-class operation. AuthHeader/StripHeaders ride
+// on UpstreamRewrite so only the proxy's upstream-build path
+// unpacks them — middlewares can't smuggle these in via the
+// regular mutation surface.
+func applyUpstreamHeaders(r *http.Request, rewrite *middleware.UpstreamRewrite) {
+	if r == nil || rewrite == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, name := range rewrite.StripHeaders {
+		if name == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		r.Header.Del(name)
+	}
+	if rewrite.AuthHeader != nil && rewrite.AuthHeader.Name != "" {
+		r.Header.Set(rewrite.AuthHeader.Name, rewrite.AuthHeader.Value)
+	}
+}
+
+// resolveChain returns the middleware chain registered for the
+// resolved target, or nil when middleware is disabled for the proxy
+// or the target.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) resolveChain(result targetResult) *middleware.Chain {
+	if p.middlewareManager == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return p.middlewareManager.ChainFor(string(result.serviceID), result.matchedPath)
+}
+
+// buildRequestInput gathers the per-request fields the middleware
+// chain needs. Body and captured metadata are passed in; the rest are
+// copied from the request and CapturedData.
+func buildRequestInput(r *http.Request, result targetResult, cd *CapturedData, body []byte, truncated bool, originalSize int64) *middleware.Input {
+	in := &middleware.Input{
+		Slot:             middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		TargetID:         result.matchedPath,
+		Method:           r.Method,
+		URL:              r.URL.String(),
+		Headers:          headerToKV(r.Header),
+		Body:             body,
+		BodyTruncated:    truncated,
+		OriginalBodySize: originalSize,
+		ServiceID:        string(result.serviceID),
+		AccountID:        string(result.accountID),
+		AgentNetwork:     result.target != nil && result.target.AgentNetwork,
+	}
+	if cd != nil {
+		in.RequestID = cd.GetRequestID()
+		in.UserID = cd.GetUserID()
+		in.UserEmail = cd.GetUserEmail()
+		in.UserGroups = cd.GetUserGroups()
+		in.UserGroupNames = cd.GetUserGroupNames()
+		in.AuthMethod = cd.GetAuthMethod()
+		if ip := cd.GetClientIP(); ip.IsValid() {
+			in.SourceIP = ip.String()
+		}
+	}
+	return in
+}
+
+// headerToKV flattens an http.Header into the KV slice shape expected
+// by the middleware envelope, preserving value order under the same
+// key.
+func headerToKV(h http.Header) []middleware.KV {
+	if len(h) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	total := 0
+	for _, v := range h {
+		total += len(v)
+	}
+	out := make([]middleware.KV, 0, total)
+	for k, vs := range h {
+		for _, v := range vs {
+			out = append(out, middleware.KV{Key: k, Value: v})
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// isSelfTargetLoop reports whether an overlay-origin request is about to
+// be forwarded back to the very peer that initiated it. The detection
+// is intentionally narrow: it only fires when the request arrived on
+// the per-account inbound (overlay) listener (so we're confident the
+// source address is the caller's tunnel IP), and only when the resolved
+// target host matches that tunnel IP. Catching this here returns 421 to
+// the caller instead of letting the proxy round-trip its own traffic
+// over WG twice.
+func (p *ReverseProxy) isSelfTargetLoop(r *http.Request, target *url.URL) bool {
+	if target == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !types.IsOverlayOrigin(r.Context()) {
+		return false
+	}
+	srcIP := trustedproxy.ExtractHostIP(r.RemoteAddr)
+	if !srcIP.IsValid() {
+		return false
+	}
+	targetIP, err := netip.ParseAddr(target.Hostname())
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return srcIP.Unmap() == targetIP.Unmap()
+}
+
 // rewriteFunc returns a Rewrite function for httputil.ReverseProxy that rewrites
 // inbound requests to target the backend service while setting security-relevant
 // forwarding headers and stripping proxy authentication credentials.
@@ -142,9 +580,11 @@ func (p *ReverseProxy) rewriteFunc(target *url.URL, matchedPath string, passHost
 			r.Out.Header.Set(k, v)
 		}
 
-		clientIP := extractHostIP(r.In.RemoteAddr)
+		stampNetBirdIdentity(r)
 
-		if isTrustedAddr(clientIP, p.trustedProxies) {
+		clientIP := trustedproxy.ExtractHostIP(r.In.RemoteAddr)
+
+		if p.trustedProxies.Contains(clientIP) {
 			p.setTrustedForwardingHeaders(r, clientIP)
 		} else {
 			p.setUntrustedForwardingHeaders(r, clientIP)
@@ -228,7 +668,7 @@ func (p *ReverseProxy) setTrustedForwardingHeaders(r *httputil.ProxyRequest, cli
 	if realIP := r.In.Header.Get("X-Real-IP"); realIP != "" {
 		r.Out.Header.Set("X-Real-IP", realIP)
 	} else {
-		resolved := ResolveClientIP(r.In.RemoteAddr, r.In.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"), p.trustedProxies)
+		resolved := p.trustedProxies.ResolveClientIP(r.In.RemoteAddr, r.In.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For"))
 		r.Out.Header.Set("X-Real-IP", resolved.String())
 	}
 
@@ -426,3 +866,78 @@ func opErrorContains(err error, substr string) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
+
+const (
+	// headerNetBirdUser carries the authenticated user's display identity
+	// (email when the peer is attached to a user, else peer name) onto
+	// upstream requests. Stripped from inbound requests before stamping
+	// so a client can't spoof identity by setting the header themselves.
+	headerNetBirdUser = "X-NetBird-User"
+	// headerNetBirdGroups carries the user's group display names as a
+	// comma-separated list. Falls back to group IDs at positions where a
+	// name wasn't available at session-mint time. Labels containing a
+	// comma or any non-printable byte are dropped at stamp time so the
+	// list is unambiguously splittable by consumers.
+	headerNetBirdGroups = "X-NetBird-Groups"
+
+	// observabilityPhaseTimeout bounds the detached response/terminal
+	// metering phase. It runs after the client connection (and its context)
+	// may be gone, so it can't borrow the request deadline; this ceiling
+	// keeps a slow management round-trip (RecordLLMUsage) from pinning the
+	// handler goroutine indefinitely while still allowing each middleware
+	// its own per-invoke timeout.
+	observabilityPhaseTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+)
+
+// isHeaderValueSafe reports whether v is a valid RFC 7230 field-value:
+// VCHAR (0x21-0x7E), SP (0x20), or HTAB (0x09). Empty values are
+// rejected; the caller decides whether to omit the header entirely.
+func isHeaderValueSafe(v string) bool {
+	if v == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(v); i++ {
+		c := v[i]
+		if c == '\t' || (c >= 0x20 && c <= 0x7E) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// stampNetBirdIdentity injects authenticated identity onto outbound
+// requests as X-NetBird-User and X-NetBird-Groups. Always strips any
+// client-sent values first (anti-spoof). Skips when the request didn't
+// carry CapturedData (early-path errors, internal endpoints).
+func stampNetBirdIdentity(r *httputil.ProxyRequest) {
+	r.Out.Header.Del(headerNetBirdUser)
+	r.Out.Header.Del(headerNetBirdGroups)
+
+	cd := CapturedDataFromContext(r.In.Context())
+	if cd == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if email := cd.GetUserEmail(); isHeaderValueSafe(email) {
+		r.Out.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, email)
+	}
+	groupIDs := cd.GetUserGroups()
+	if len(groupIDs) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	groupNames := cd.GetUserGroupNames()
+	labels := make([]string, 0, len(groupIDs))
+	for i, id := range groupIDs {
+		label := id
+		if i < len(groupNames) && groupNames[i] != "" {
+			label = groupNames[i]
+		}
+		if !isHeaderValueSafe(label) || strings.ContainsRune(label, ',') {
+			continue
+		}
+		labels = append(labels, label)
+	}
+	if len(labels) > 0 {
+		r.Out.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, strings.Join(labels, ","))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go
index c53307837..83afee387 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/reverseproxy_test.go
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/roundtrip"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/web"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 )
 
 func TestRewriteFunc_HostRewriting(t *testing.T) {
@@ -300,7 +303,7 @@ func TestExtractHostIP(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, extractHostIP(tt.remoteAddr))
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, trustedproxy.ExtractHostIP(tt.remoteAddr))
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -328,7 +331,7 @@ func TestExtractForwardedPort(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestRewriteFunc_TrustedProxy(t *testing.T) {
 	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
-	trusted := []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")}
+	trusted := trustedproxy.FromPrefixes([]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")})
 
 	t.Run("appends to X-Forwarded-For", func(t *testing.T) {
 		p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto", trustedProxies: trusted}
@@ -1067,3 +1070,384 @@ func TestClassifyProxyError(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_NoCapturedData_StripsOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, "admin")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"client-supplied X-NetBird-User must be stripped when no captured identity is present")
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"client-supplied X-NetBird-Groups must be stripped when no captured identity is present")
+}
+
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_StampsFromCapturedData(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-eng", "grp-ops"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"engineering", "operations"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice@netbird.io", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"captured email must overwrite any spoofed value")
+	assert.Equal(t, "engineering,operations", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"group display names must be CSV-joined in positional order")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_GroupsOnlyWhenEmailEmpty covers the
+// tunnel-peer-without-user case (machine agents, unattached proxy peers).
+// The proxy must still stamp the peer's groups so downstream services can
+// authorise, but X-NetBird-User stays unset — only its inbound stripping
+// must happen.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_GroupsOnlyWhenEmailEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-machines"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"machines"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"X-NetBird-User must remain unset when CapturedData carries no email")
+	assert.Equal(t, "machines", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"groups must still be stamped for peers without a user identity")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_EmailOnlyWhenGroupsEmpty covers the symmetric
+// case: identity-resolved user without resolved group memberships.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_EmailOnlyWhenGroupsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, "spoofed-admin")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("carol@netbird.io")
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "carol@netbird.io", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"email must be stamped even when no groups are captured")
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"X-NetBird-Groups must remain unset when CapturedData carries no groups")
+}
+
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_FallsBackToGroupIDsWhenNameMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("bob@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a", "grp-b", "grp-c"})
+	// "grp-b" gets an explicit empty-string display name (not just a
+	// shorter slice). Both gap shapes must fall back to the id.
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"alpha", "", ""})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "alpha,grp-b,grp-c", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"empty-string and out-of-range name slots must both fall back to the group id")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_DropsLabelsWithComma covers the
+// comma-separator constraint: a group display name that itself contains
+// a comma is dropped from the header (rather than corrupting the list),
+// and the remaining labels are stamped.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_DropsLabelsWithComma(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a", "grp-b", "grp-c"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"engineering", "EU, EMEA", "operations"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "engineering,operations", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"group label with embedded comma must be dropped, remaining labels stamped")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_RejectsControlCharsInEmail covers the
+// header-injection defence: an email value containing CR/LF/control
+// chars is omitted entirely (not partially stamped) so the upstream
+// request stays well-formed and no header injection is possible.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_RejectsControlCharsInEmail(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io\r\nX-Admin: yes")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"engineering"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"email with CR/LF must be dropped, not partially stamped")
+	assert.Equal(t, "engineering", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"groups remain stampable even when email is invalid")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_RejectsControlCharsInGroup covers the
+// per-label defence: a group name with a control char is silently
+// dropped, the rest are stamped.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_RejectsControlCharsInGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a", "grp-b"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"engineering\r\nsneaky", "operations"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "operations", pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"group label with control char must be dropped, valid ones kept")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_OmitsGroupsHeaderWhenAllInvalid covers the
+// edge case where every group label is rejected: the header must not be
+// set at all (rather than set to an empty string).
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_OmitsGroupsHeaderWhenAllInvalid(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, "spoofed-admin")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("alice@netbird.io")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-a", "grp-b"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"with,comma", "with\nbreak"})
+
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	_, present := pr.Out.Header[http.CanonicalHeaderKey(headerNetBirdGroups)]
+	assert.False(t, present,
+		"X-NetBird-Groups must not be set when every group label is rejected")
+}
+
+// nopOKTransport returns 200 for every request without dialing — used
+// by the self-target-loop tests so the non-loop cases don't pay a real
+// TCP-dial timeout.
+type nopOKTransport struct{}
+
+func (nopOKTransport) RoundTrip(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return &http.Response{StatusCode: http.StatusOK, Body: http.NoBody, Header: http.Header{}}, nil
+}
+
+// TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoopReturns421 covers the loop guard for
+// private services: when a peer dials a service whose only target is
+// the peer itself, the proxy must refuse with 421 (Misdirected
+// Request) rather than round-tripping the request back over WG to
+// the same peer.
+func TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoopReturns421(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := NewReverseProxy(nopOKTransport{}, "auto", nil, nil)
+	rp.AddMapping(Mapping{
+		ID:        "svc-1",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Host:      "private.svc",
+		Paths: map[string]*PathTarget{
+			"/": {
+				URL: &url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: "100.64.0.5:8080"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://private.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "private.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.5:55555"
+	req = req.WithContext(types.WithOverlayOrigin(req.Context()))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	rp.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, rec.Code,
+		"a peer dialing a service whose target is itself must get 421")
+}
+
+// TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoop_NonOverlayRequestPassesThrough verifies
+// the guard is scoped to overlay-origin requests. A public-listener
+// request that happens to share a source IP with the target host must
+// not be misinterpreted as a loop — the gating relies on the inbound
+// marker being attached only by the per-account overlay listener.
+func TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoop_NonOverlayRequestPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := NewReverseProxy(nopOKTransport{}, "auto", nil, nil)
+	rp.AddMapping(Mapping{
+		ID:        "svc-1",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Host:      "public.svc",
+		Paths: map[string]*PathTarget{
+			"/": {
+				URL: &url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: "100.64.0.5:8080"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://public.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "public.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.5:55555"
+	// No WithOverlayOrigin → the guard must not fire.
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	rp.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, rec.Code,
+		"a non-overlay request with a colliding source IP must not be flagged as a loop")
+}
+
+// TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoop_OverlayDifferentIPPassesThrough confirms
+// that overlay-origin requests with a source IP that does *not* match
+// the target host are forwarded normally.
+func TestServeHTTP_SelfTargetLoop_OverlayDifferentIPPassesThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	rp := NewReverseProxy(nopOKTransport{}, "auto", nil, nil)
+	rp.AddMapping(Mapping{
+		ID:        "svc-1",
+		AccountID: "acct-1",
+		Host:      "private.svc",
+		Paths: map[string]*PathTarget{
+			"/": {
+				URL: &url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: "100.64.0.5:8080"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://private.svc/", nil)
+	req.Host = "private.svc"
+	req.RemoteAddr = "100.64.0.99:55555" // different from the target
+	req = req.WithContext(types.WithOverlayOrigin(req.Context()))
+	rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	rp.ServeHTTP(rec, req)
+
+	assert.NotEqual(t, http.StatusMisdirectedRequest, rec.Code,
+		"overlay request with a non-matching source IP must not be flagged as a loop")
+}
+
+// TestStampNetBirdIdentity_CapturedDataPresentButEmpty covers requests
+// that carry CapturedData with no identity fields populated (e.g. the
+// auth middleware ran but the request didn't authenticate). Both
+// headers must be cleared and neither stamped.
+func TestStampNetBirdIdentity_CapturedDataPresentButEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse("http://backend.internal:8080")
+	p := &ReverseProxy{forwardedProto: "auto"}
+	rewrite := p.rewriteFunc(target, "", false, PathRewriteDefault, nil, nil)
+
+	pr := newProxyRequest(t, "http://example.com/", "203.0.113.50:9999")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdUser, "spoofed@evil.io")
+	pr.In.Header.Set(headerNetBirdGroups, "spoofed-admin")
+	pr.Out.Header = pr.In.Header.Clone()
+
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-1")
+	pr.In = pr.In.WithContext(WithCapturedData(pr.In.Context(), cd))
+
+	rewrite(pr)
+
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdUser),
+		"X-NetBird-User must be stripped when CapturedData has no email")
+	assert.Empty(t, pr.Out.Header.Get(headerNetBirdGroups),
+		"X-NetBird-Groups must be stripped when CapturedData has no groups")
+}
+
+// TestBuildRequestInput_PropagatesIdentityAndGroups locks the final wiring link
+// between auth and the middleware chain: CapturedData identity (user, groups,
+// auth method, client IP) and the target's AgentNetwork flag must land on the
+// middleware Input the chain runs against. If UserGroups stops flowing here,
+// llm_router denies every request with no_authorised_provider.
+func TestBuildRequestInput_PropagatesIdentityAndGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	cd := NewCapturedData("req-123")
+	cd.SetUserID("user-1")
+	cd.SetUserEmail("user@example.com")
+	cd.SetUserGroups([]string{"grp-admins", "grp-users"})
+	cd.SetUserGroupNames([]string{"Admins", "Users"})
+	cd.SetAuthMethod("oidc")
+	cd.SetClientIP(netip.MustParseAddr("100.90.1.14"))
+
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "http://agent.example.com/v1/chat/completions", nil)
+	r.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	result := targetResult{
+		target:      &PathTarget{AgentNetwork: true},
+		matchedPath: "/",
+		serviceID:   types.ServiceID("svc-1"),
+		accountID:   types.AccountID("acct-1"),
+	}
+
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-5.4"}`)
+	in := buildRequestInput(r, result, cd, body, false, int64(len(body)))
+
+	require.NotNil(t, in, "buildRequestInput must return an envelope")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnRequest, in.Slot, "request input runs in the on-request slot")
+	assert.Equal(t, "svc-1", in.ServiceID, "service id must propagate")
+	assert.Equal(t, "acct-1", in.AccountID, "account id must propagate")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-1", in.UserID, "user id must propagate")
+	assert.Equal(t, "user@example.com", in.UserEmail, "user email must propagate")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins", "grp-users"}, in.UserGroups,
+		"CapturedData groups MUST reach the middleware Input — llm_router authorises against this")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"Admins", "Users"}, in.UserGroupNames, "group names must propagate")
+	assert.Equal(t, "oidc", in.AuthMethod, "auth method must propagate")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.90.1.14", in.SourceIP, "client IP must propagate")
+	assert.True(t, in.AgentNetwork, "agent-network target flag must reach the Input")
+	assert.Equal(t, body, in.Body, "captured body must reach the Input")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/servicemapping.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/servicemapping.go
index fe470cf01..64fccc42a 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/servicemapping.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/servicemapping.go
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
 )
 
@@ -28,6 +30,24 @@ type PathTarget struct {
 	RequestTimeout time.Duration
 	PathRewrite    PathRewriteMode
 	CustomHeaders  map[string]string
+	// DirectUpstream selects the stdlib HTTP transport (host network stack)
+	// over the embedded NetBird WireGuard client when forwarding requests
+	// to this target. Default false → embedded client (existing behaviour).
+	DirectUpstream bool
+	// Middlewares is the validated per-target middleware chain. Nil or empty
+	// for non-agent-network targets, keeping them on the no-middleware fast path.
+	Middlewares []middleware.Spec
+	// CaptureConfig holds the per-target body-capture limits used by the
+	// middleware chain. Nil for targets without body-inspecting middlewares.
+	CaptureConfig *bodytap.Config
+	// AgentNetwork marks this target as a synthesised agent-network target so
+	// the proxy can tag access-log entries and gate agent-network behaviour.
+	AgentNetwork bool
+	// DisableAccessLog suppresses the per-request access-log emission for this
+	// target. Defaults false so non-agent-network targets continue to log
+	// unchanged. The agent-network synthesizer sets this true only when the
+	// account's EnableLogCollection toggle is off.
+	DisableAccessLog bool
 }
 
 // Mapping describes how a domain is routed by the HTTP reverse proxy.
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/strip_prefix_test.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/strip_prefix_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ff364f6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/proxy/strip_prefix_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestStripUpstreamPathPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		path   string
+		prefix string
+		want   string
+	}{
+		{"strips matching namespace prefix", "/bedrock/model/x/invoke", "/bedrock", "/model/x/invoke"},
+		{"no-op when prefix absent", "/model/x/invoke", "/bedrock", "/model/x/invoke"},
+		{"no-op on empty prefix", "/bedrock/model/x/invoke", "", "/bedrock/model/x/invoke"},
+		{"no-op on non-segment match", "/bedrockfoo/model/x", "/bedrock", "/bedrockfoo/model/x"},
+		{"bare prefix collapses to root", "/bedrock", "/bedrock", "/"},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			r := httptest.NewRequest("POST", tc.path, nil)
+			stripUpstreamPathPrefix(r, tc.prefix)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, r.URL.Path, "stripped path for %q", tc.path)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/trustedproxy.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/trustedproxy.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 0fe693f90..000000000
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/trustedproxy.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-package proxy
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// IsTrustedProxy checks if the given IP string falls within any of the trusted prefixes.
-func IsTrustedProxy(ipStr string, trusted []netip.Prefix) bool {
-	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ipStr)
-	if err != nil || len(trusted) == 0 {
-		return false
-	}
-	return isTrustedAddr(addr.Unmap(), trusted)
-}
-
-// ResolveClientIP extracts the real client IP from X-Forwarded-For using the trusted proxy list.
-// It walks the XFF chain right-to-left, skipping IPs that match trusted prefixes.
-// The first untrusted IP is the real client.
-//
-// If the trusted list is empty or remoteAddr is not trusted, it returns the
-// remoteAddr IP directly (ignoring any forwarding headers).
-func ResolveClientIP(remoteAddr, xff string, trusted []netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
-	remoteIP := extractHostIP(remoteAddr)
-
-	if len(trusted) == 0 || !isTrustedAddr(remoteIP, trusted) {
-		return remoteIP
-	}
-
-	if xff == "" {
-		return remoteIP
-	}
-
-	parts := strings.Split(xff, ",")
-	for i := len(parts) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-		ip := strings.TrimSpace(parts[i])
-		if ip == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ip)
-		if err != nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		addr = addr.Unmap()
-		if !isTrustedAddr(addr, trusted) {
-			return addr
-		}
-	}
-
-	// All IPs in XFF are trusted; return the leftmost as best guess.
-	if first := strings.TrimSpace(parts[0]); first != "" {
-		if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(first); err == nil {
-			return addr.Unmap()
-		}
-	}
-	return remoteIP
-}
-
-// extractHostIP parses the IP from a host:port string and returns it unmapped.
-func extractHostIP(hostPort string) netip.Addr {
-	if ap, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(hostPort); err == nil {
-		return ap.Addr().Unmap()
-	}
-	if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(hostPort); err == nil {
-		return addr.Unmap()
-	}
-	return netip.Addr{}
-}
-
-// isTrustedAddr checks if the given address falls within any of the trusted prefixes.
-func isTrustedAddr(addr netip.Addr, trusted []netip.Prefix) bool {
-	if !addr.IsValid() {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, prefix := range trusted {
-		if prefix.Contains(addr) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/proxy/trustedproxy_test.go b/proxy/internal/proxy/trustedproxy_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 35ed1f5c2..000000000
--- a/proxy/internal/proxy/trustedproxy_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
-package proxy
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func TestIsTrustedProxy(t *testing.T) {
-	trusted := []netip.Prefix{
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/8"),
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		ip      string
-		trusted []netip.Prefix
-		want    bool
-	}{
-		{"empty trusted list", "10.0.0.1", nil, false},
-		{"IP within /8 prefix", "10.1.2.3", trusted, true},
-		{"IP within /24 prefix", "192.168.1.100", trusted, true},
-		{"IP outside all prefixes", "203.0.113.50", trusted, false},
-		{"boundary IP just outside prefix", "192.168.2.1", trusted, false},
-		{"unparsable IP", "not-an-ip", trusted, false},
-		{"IPv6 in trusted range", "fd00::1", trusted, true},
-		{"IPv6 outside range", "2001:db8::1", trusted, false},
-		{"empty string", "", trusted, false},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, IsTrustedProxy(tt.ip, tt.trusted))
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestResolveClientIP(t *testing.T) {
-	trusted := []netip.Prefix{
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
-		netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12"),
-	}
-
-	tests := []struct {
-		name       string
-		remoteAddr string
-		xff        string
-		trusted    []netip.Prefix
-		want       netip.Addr
-	}{
-		{
-			name:       "empty trusted list returns RemoteAddr",
-			remoteAddr: "203.0.113.50:9999",
-			xff:        "1.2.3.4",
-			trusted:    nil,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "untrusted RemoteAddr ignores XFF",
-			remoteAddr: "203.0.113.50:9999",
-			xff:        "1.2.3.4, 10.0.0.1",
-			trusted:    trusted,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "trusted RemoteAddr with single client in XFF",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
-			xff:        "203.0.113.50",
-			trusted:    trusted,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "trusted RemoteAddr walks past trusted entries in XFF",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
-			xff:        "203.0.113.50, 10.0.0.2, 172.16.0.5",
-			trusted:    trusted,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "trusted RemoteAddr with empty XFF falls back to RemoteAddr",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
-			xff:        "",
-			trusted:    trusted,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "all XFF IPs trusted returns leftmost",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
-			xff:        "10.0.0.2, 172.16.0.1, 10.0.0.3",
-			trusted:    trusted,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "XFF with whitespace",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
-			xff:        " 203.0.113.50 , 10.0.0.2 ",
-			trusted:    trusted,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "XFF with empty segments",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
-			xff:        "203.0.113.50,,10.0.0.2",
-			trusted:    trusted,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "multi-hop with mixed trust",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
-			xff:        "8.8.8.8, 203.0.113.50, 172.16.0.1",
-			trusted:    trusted,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
-		},
-		{
-			name:       "RemoteAddr without port",
-			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1",
-			xff:        "203.0.113.50",
-			trusted:    trusted,
-			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, ResolveClientIP(tt.remoteAddr, tt.xff, tt.trusted))
-		})
-	}
-}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict.go b/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict.go
index f3e0fa695..67756b88b 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict.go
@@ -191,6 +191,18 @@ func (f *Filter) IsObserveOnly(v Verdict) bool {
 	return v.IsCrowdSec() && f.CrowdSecMode == CrowdSecObserve
 }
 
+// CheckCIDR runs only the CIDR allow/block evaluation. Use this when
+// country and CrowdSec checks don't apply — e.g. requests arriving
+// from the WireGuard overlay, whose source addresses live in the
+// CGNAT range and have no meaningful geolocation or IP-reputation
+// data.
+func (f *Filter) CheckCIDR(addr netip.Addr) Verdict {
+	if f == nil {
+		return Allow
+	}
+	return f.checkCIDR(addr.Unmap())
+}
+
 // Check evaluates whether addr is permitted. CIDR rules are evaluated
 // first because they are O(n) prefix comparisons. Country rules run
 // only when CIDR checks pass and require a geo lookup. CrowdSec checks
diff --git a/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict_test.go b/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict_test.go
index abaa1afdc..16aa1e139 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/restrict/restrict_test.go
@@ -514,6 +514,34 @@ func TestFilter_CrowdSec_Observe_NilChecker(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, Allow, f.Check(netip.MustParseAddr("1.2.3.4"), nil))
 }
 
+func TestFilter_CheckCIDR_AllowsWithoutCountryOrCrowdSec(t *testing.T) {
+	cs := &mockCrowdSec{ready: true, decisions: map[string]*CrowdSecDecision{
+		"100.64.5.6": {Type: DecisionBan},
+	}}
+	f := ParseFilter(FilterConfig{
+		AllowedCIDRs:     []string{"100.64.0.0/10"},
+		AllowedCountries: []string{"US"},
+		CrowdSec:         cs,
+		CrowdSecMode:     CrowdSecEnforce,
+	})
+
+	// CheckCIDR skips country + CrowdSec evaluation: an address inside
+	// the allowed CIDR passes even when it would be denied by CrowdSec
+	// or by the country allowlist (CGNAT addresses have no geo data).
+	assert.Equal(t, Allow, f.CheckCIDR(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.5.6")),
+		"CheckCIDR must not run CrowdSec lookups on overlay traffic")
+
+	// CIDR denials still fire.
+	assert.Equal(t, DenyCIDR, f.CheckCIDR(netip.MustParseAddr("198.51.100.1")),
+		"CheckCIDR must still reject addresses outside the allow list")
+}
+
+func TestFilter_CheckCIDR_NilFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	var f *Filter
+	assert.Equal(t, Allow, f.CheckCIDR(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.5.6")),
+		"CheckCIDR on a nil filter must allow")
+}
+
 func TestFilter_HasRestrictions_CrowdSec(t *testing.T) {
 	cs := &mockCrowdSec{ready: true}
 	f := ParseFilter(FilterConfig{CrowdSec: cs, CrowdSecMode: CrowdSecEnforce})
diff --git a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi.go b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..567249437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi.go
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package roundtrip
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// MultiTransport dispatches each request to either the embedded NetBird
+// http.RoundTripper or a stdlib http.Transport based on a per-request
+// context flag set by the reverse-proxy rewrite step. When the flag is
+// absent (the default for every existing target), requests follow the
+// embedded NetBird path — current behaviour, preserved.
+//
+// The stdlib branch is used when a target was configured with
+// direct_upstream=true. It dials via the host's network stack, which is
+// what private (`netbird proxy`) deployments and centralised proxies
+// fronting host-reachable upstreams (public APIs, LAN services,
+// localhost sidecars) want.
+//
+// An embedded roundtripper is required. To run direct-only (no WG
+// branch at all), construct the MultiTransport via NewDirectOnly.
+type MultiTransport struct {
+	embedded http.RoundTripper
+	direct   *http.Transport
+	insecure *http.Transport
+}
+
+// errNoEmbeddedTransport is returned when a request reaches the
+// embedded branch on a MultiTransport that wasn't given one. Surfaces
+// the misconfiguration to the caller instead of silently routing to
+// the direct branch, which would bypass the WG tunnel.
+var errNoEmbeddedTransport = errors.New("multitransport: embedded roundtripper not configured")
+
+// NewMultiTransport wires both branches. embedded is the existing NetBird
+// roundtripper and must not be nil — pass to NewDirectOnly for a
+// MultiTransport that only ever uses the direct branch. The direct
+// branches honour the same NB_PROXY_* tuning env vars as the embedded
+// transport (see loadTransportConfig) plus a dial-timeout wrapper that
+// respects types.WithDialTimeout.
+func NewMultiTransport(embedded http.RoundTripper, logger *log.Logger) *MultiTransport {
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = log.StandardLogger()
+	}
+	cfg := loadTransportConfig(logger)
+	dialer := &net.Dialer{
+		Timeout:   30 * time.Second,
+		KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
+	}
+	direct := &http.Transport{
+		DialContext:           dialWithTimeout(dialer.DialContext),
+		ForceAttemptHTTP2:     true,
+		MaxIdleConns:          cfg.maxIdleConns,
+		MaxIdleConnsPerHost:   cfg.maxIdleConnsPerHost,
+		MaxConnsPerHost:       cfg.maxConnsPerHost,
+		IdleConnTimeout:       cfg.idleConnTimeout,
+		TLSHandshakeTimeout:   cfg.tlsHandshakeTimeout,
+		ExpectContinueTimeout: cfg.expectContinueTimeout,
+		ResponseHeaderTimeout: cfg.responseHeaderTimeout,
+		WriteBufferSize:       cfg.writeBufferSize,
+		ReadBufferSize:        cfg.readBufferSize,
+		DisableCompression:    cfg.disableCompression,
+	}
+	insecure := direct.Clone()
+	insecure.TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true} //nolint:gosec // matches the embedded NetBird transport's per-target opt-in
+
+	return &MultiTransport{
+		embedded: embedded,
+		direct:   direct,
+		insecure: insecure,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewDirectOnly returns a MultiTransport with no embedded branch.
+// Every request goes through the direct branch regardless of the
+// per-request flag, so the embedded path can never be reached
+// silently — wiring code that needs WG must use NewMultiTransport.
+func NewDirectOnly(logger *log.Logger) *MultiTransport {
+	return NewMultiTransport(noEmbeddedRoundTripper{}, logger)
+}
+
+// noEmbeddedRoundTripper is the sentinel embedded transport for
+// direct-only MultiTransports. RoundTrip is never called in practice
+// because the direct branch matches every request, but if anything
+// ever did reach this path it would fail loudly instead of falling
+// back to direct.
+type noEmbeddedRoundTripper struct{}
+
+func (noEmbeddedRoundTripper) RoundTrip(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return nil, errNoEmbeddedTransport
+}
+
+// RoundTrip dispatches by reading the direct-upstream flag from the request
+// context. When set, the request is forwarded via the stdlib transport,
+// honouring the existing per-request skip-TLS-verify flag. Otherwise it
+// goes through the embedded NetBird roundtripper.
+func (m *MultiTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if DirectUpstreamFromContext(req.Context()) {
+		if skipTLSVerifyFromContext(req.Context()) {
+			return m.insecure.RoundTrip(req)
+		}
+		return m.direct.RoundTrip(req)
+	}
+	if m.embedded == nil {
+		return nil, errNoEmbeddedTransport
+	}
+	return m.embedded.RoundTrip(req)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi_test.go b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c6cf1c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/multi_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package roundtrip
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// stubRoundTripper records whether RoundTrip was called and returns a
+// canned response so tests can assert the dispatch decision without
+// running a real network.
+type stubRoundTripper struct {
+	called bool
+	body   string
+}
+
+func (s *stubRoundTripper) RoundTrip(_ *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	s.called = true
+	return &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(s.body)),
+		Header:     http.Header{},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func TestMultiTransport_DispatchesByContextFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	embedded := &stubRoundTripper{body: "embedded"}
+	mt := NewMultiTransport(embedded, nil)
+
+	t.Run("default routes to embedded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		embedded.called = false
+		req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.invalid", nil)
+		resp, err := mt.RoundTrip(req)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "embedded path must not error on stubbed transport")
+		require.NotNil(t, resp)
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+		assert.True(t, embedded.called, "request without WithDirectUpstream must hit the embedded transport")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("WithDirectUpstream skips embedded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		embedded.called = false
+		// Hit a server we control to verify the stdlib transport is used.
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+			_, _ = io.WriteString(w, "direct")
+		}))
+		defer srv.Close()
+
+		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(WithDirectUpstream(context.Background()), http.MethodGet, srv.URL, nil)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		resp, err := mt.RoundTrip(req)
+		require.NoError(t, err, "direct path must dial via stdlib transport")
+		body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "direct", string(body), "stdlib transport must reach the test server")
+		assert.False(t, embedded.called, "WithDirectUpstream must bypass the embedded transport")
+	})
+}
+
+// TestMultiTransport_AppliesEnvOverridesToDirect verifies that the
+// NB_PROXY_* env vars consumed by loadTransportConfig flow into the
+// direct branches (previously they only applied to the embedded
+// roundtripper, so direct-upstream traffic ignored operator tuning).
+func TestMultiTransport_AppliesEnvOverridesToDirect(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvMaxIdleConns, "42")
+	t.Setenv(EnvIdleConnTimeout, "11s")
+	t.Setenv(EnvTLSHandshakeTimeout, "7s")
+
+	mt := NewMultiTransport(&stubRoundTripper{body: "embedded"}, nil)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, mt.direct.MaxIdleConns,
+		"NB_PROXY_MAX_IDLE_CONNS must propagate to the direct transport")
+	assert.Equal(t, 11*time.Second, mt.direct.IdleConnTimeout,
+		"NB_PROXY_IDLE_CONN_TIMEOUT must propagate to the direct transport")
+	assert.Equal(t, 7*time.Second, mt.direct.TLSHandshakeTimeout,
+		"NB_PROXY_TLS_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT must propagate to the direct transport")
+	assert.Equal(t, 42, mt.insecure.MaxIdleConns,
+		"env tuning must also apply to the insecure-skip-verify direct transport")
+}
+
+// TestMultiTransport_NilEmbeddedErrorsWhenWGPathRequested guards
+// against the previous silent fallback: a MultiTransport constructed
+// without an embedded transport must reject requests that don't
+// explicitly opt into the direct branch, rather than routing them
+// over the host stack and bypassing WireGuard.
+func TestMultiTransport_NilEmbeddedErrorsWhenWGPathRequested(t *testing.T) {
+	mt := NewMultiTransport(nil, nil)
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.invalid", nil)
+	resp, err := mt.RoundTrip(req)
+	if resp != nil {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	require.Error(t, err, "nil embedded must surface as an explicit error, not a silent direct dispatch")
+	assert.Nil(t, resp)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, errNoEmbeddedTransport,
+		"the error must be the sentinel so callers can distinguish misconfiguration from network failures")
+}
+
+// TestMultiTransport_DirectOnlyServesDirectBranch verifies NewDirectOnly
+// constructs a MultiTransport whose direct branch handles requests with
+// the direct-upstream flag set, and surfaces the explicit sentinel
+// when the embedded path is reached.
+func TestMultiTransport_DirectOnlyServesDirectBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	mt := NewDirectOnly(nil)
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		_, _ = io.WriteString(w, "ok")
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(WithDirectUpstream(context.Background()), http.MethodGet, srv.URL, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	resp, err := mt.RoundTrip(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "direct-only must serve requests that opt into the direct branch")
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, resp.StatusCode)
+
+	wgReq := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.invalid", nil)
+	resp, err = mt.RoundTrip(wgReq)
+	if resp != nil {
+		_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	require.Error(t, err, "direct-only must refuse requests that didn't opt into the direct branch")
+	assert.Nil(t, resp)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, errNoEmbeddedTransport)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird.go b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird.go
index e38e3dc4e..ae3308a3e 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird.go
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -27,6 +30,16 @@ import (
 
 const deviceNamePrefix = "ingress-proxy-"
 
+// envProxyRosenpass toggles Rosenpass (permissive) on the embedded proxy client. Defaults to on.
+const envProxyRosenpass = "NB_PROXY_ROSENPASS" //nolint:gosec // env var name, not a credential
+
+// envProxyClientLogLevel sets the embedded NetBird client's log level.
+const envProxyClientLogLevel = "NB_PROXY_CLIENT_LOG_LEVEL"
+
+const clientStopTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
+const createProxyPeerTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+
 // backendKey identifies a backend by its host:port from the target URL.
 type backendKey string
 
@@ -76,6 +89,11 @@ type clientEntry struct {
 	services          map[ServiceKey]serviceInfo
 	createdAt         time.Time
 	started           bool
+	// inbound is opaque per-account state owned by the NetBird parent's
+	// ReadyHandler. The roundtrip package never inspects this value; it
+	// only stores it so RemovePeer / StopAll can hand it back to the
+	// matching StopHandler. Nil when no inbound integration is active.
+	inbound any
 	// Per-backend in-flight limiting keyed by target host:port.
 	// TODO: clean up stale entries when backend targets change.
 	inflightMu  sync.Mutex
@@ -83,6 +101,19 @@ type clientEntry struct {
 	maxInflight int
 }
 
+// IdentityForIP resolves a tunnel IP to the peer identity locally known by
+// this account's embedded client. Returns (pubKey, fqdn) on success.
+// ok=false means the IP is not in the account's roster — callers can use
+// that as a fast deny without round-tripping management. The returned
+// strings carry only what the embedded peerstore exposes; user identity
+// (UserID / Email / Groups) still flows through ValidateTunnelPeer.
+func (e *clientEntry) IdentityForIP(ip netip.Addr) (pubKey, fqdn string, ok bool) {
+	if e == nil || e.client == nil || !ip.IsValid() {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	return e.client.IdentityForIP(ip)
+}
+
 // acquireInflight attempts to acquire an in-flight slot for the given backend.
 // It returns a release function that must always be called, and true on success.
 func (e *clientEntry) acquireInflight(backend backendKey) (release func(), ok bool) {
@@ -112,6 +143,13 @@ type ClientConfig struct {
 	MgmtAddr     string
 	WGPort       uint16
 	PreSharedKey string
+	Performance  embed.Performance
+	// BlockInbound mirrors embed.Options.BlockInbound. Set to true on the
+	// standalone proxy where the embedded client never accepts inbound;
+	// set to false on the private/embedded proxy so the engine creates
+	// the ACL manager and applies management's per-policy firewall rules
+	// (which is what gates per-account inbound listeners on the netstack).
+	BlockInbound bool
 }
 
 type statusNotifier interface {
@@ -126,6 +164,7 @@ type managementClient interface {
 // backed by underlying NetBird connections.
 // Clients are keyed by AccountID, allowing multiple services to share the same connection.
 type NetBird struct {
+	ctx          context.Context
 	proxyID      string
 	proxyAddr    string
 	clientCfg    ClientConfig
@@ -135,8 +174,26 @@ type NetBird struct {
 
 	clientsMux     sync.RWMutex
 	clients        map[types.AccountID]*clientEntry
+	lifecycleMu    sync.Map
 	initLogOnce    sync.Once
 	statusNotifier statusNotifier
+	// readyHandler runs after the embedded client for an account reports
+	// Ready. The opaque return value is stored on clientEntry and handed
+	// back to stopHandler when the entry is torn down. Nil disables the
+	// hook entirely (default for the standalone proxy).
+	readyHandler func(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) any
+	// stopHandler runs when an account's last service is removed (or the
+	// transport is shutting down). Receives whatever readyHandler returned.
+	stopHandler func(accountID types.AccountID, state any)
+
+	// OnAddPeer, when set, is called after AddPeer completes for a new account
+	// (i.e. when a new client was actually created, not when an existing one
+	// was reused). The duration covers keygen + gRPC CreateProxyPeer + embed.New.
+	OnAddPeer func(d time.Duration, err error)
+
+	// startClient runs the post-create client startup. Nil uses runClientStartup;
+	// tests override it to avoid a real embed client.Start.
+	startClient func(accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client)
 }
 
 // ClientDebugInfo contains debug information about a client.
@@ -160,36 +217,33 @@ type skipTLSVerifyContextKey struct{}
 func (n *NetBird) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key ServiceKey, authToken string, serviceID types.ServiceID) error {
 	si := serviceInfo{serviceID: serviceID}
 
-	n.clientsMux.Lock()
-
-	entry, exists := n.clients[accountID]
-	if exists {
-		entry.services[key] = si
-		started := entry.started
-		n.clientsMux.Unlock()
-
-		n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
-			"account_id":  accountID,
-			"service_key": key,
-		}).Debug("registered service with existing client")
-
-		if started && n.statusNotifier != nil {
-			if err := n.statusNotifier.NotifyStatus(ctx, accountID, serviceID, true); err != nil {
-				n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
-					"account_id":  accountID,
-					"service_key": key,
-				}).WithError(err).Warn("failed to notify status for existing client")
-			}
-		}
+	if n.registerExistingClient(accountID, key, si) {
 		return nil
 	}
 
+	lifecycle := n.accountLifecycle(accountID)
+	lifecycle.Lock()
+	transferred := false
+	defer func() {
+		if !transferred {
+			lifecycle.Unlock()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if n.registerExistingClient(accountID, key, si) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	createStart := time.Now()
 	entry, err := n.createClientEntry(ctx, accountID, key, authToken, si)
+	if n.OnAddPeer != nil {
+		n.OnAddPeer(time.Since(createStart), err)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
-		n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 		return err
 	}
 
+	n.clientsMux.Lock()
 	n.clients[accountID] = entry
 	n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
@@ -198,15 +252,64 @@ func (n *NetBird) AddPeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key Se
 		"service_key": key,
 	}).Info("created new client for account")
 
-	// Attempt to start the client in the background; if this fails we will
-	// retry on the first request via RoundTrip.
-	go n.runClientStartup(ctx, accountID, entry.client)
+	transferred = true
+	go func() {
+		defer lifecycle.Unlock()
+		n.startClientStartup(accountID, entry.client)
+	}()
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (n *NetBird) startClientStartup(accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) {
+	if n.startClient != nil {
+		n.startClient(accountID, client)
+		return
+	}
+	n.runClientStartup(accountID, client)
+}
+
+// registerExistingClient registers the service against an already-present
+// client for the account and returns true when it did. It notifies management
+// of the new service when the client is already started.
+func (n *NetBird) registerExistingClient(accountID types.AccountID, key ServiceKey, si serviceInfo) bool {
+	n.clientsMux.Lock()
+	entry, exists := n.clients[accountID]
+	if !exists {
+		n.clientsMux.Unlock()
+		return false
+	}
+	entry.services[key] = si
+	started := entry.started
+	n.clientsMux.Unlock()
+
+	n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"account_id":  accountID,
+		"service_key": key,
+	}).Debug("registered service with existing client")
+
+	if started && n.statusNotifier != nil {
+		if err := n.statusNotifier.NotifyStatus(context.Background(), accountID, si.serviceID, true); err != nil {
+			n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+				"account_id":  accountID,
+				"service_key": key,
+			}).WithError(err).Warn("failed to notify status for existing client")
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// accountLifecycle returns the per-account lifecycle mutex, serialising client
+// creation against teardown so a slow client.Stop cannot race a new
+// client.Start for the same account, without blocking clientsMux.
+func (n *NetBird) accountLifecycle(accountID types.AccountID) *sync.Mutex {
+	mu, _ := n.lifecycleMu.LoadOrStore(accountID, &sync.Mutex{})
+	return mu.(*sync.Mutex)
+}
+
 // createClientEntry generates a WireGuard keypair, authenticates with management,
-// and creates an embedded NetBird client. Must be called with clientsMux held.
+// and creates an embedded NetBird client. Must be called with the account's
+// lifecycle mutex held.
 func (n *NetBird) createClientEntry(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key ServiceKey, authToken string, si serviceInfo) (*clientEntry, error) {
 	serviceID := si.serviceID
 	n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
@@ -226,7 +329,9 @@ func (n *NetBird) createClientEntry(ctx context.Context, accountID types.Account
 		"public_key": publicKey.String(),
 	}).Debug("authenticating new proxy peer with management")
 
-	resp, err := n.mgmtClient.CreateProxyPeer(ctx, &proto.CreateProxyPeerRequest{
+	createCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, createProxyPeerTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	resp, err := n.mgmtClient.CreateProxyPeer(createCtx, &proto.CreateProxyPeerRequest{
 		ServiceId:          string(serviceID),
 		AccountId:          string(accountID),
 		Token:              authToken,
@@ -250,24 +355,56 @@ func (n *NetBird) createClientEntry(ctx context.Context, accountID types.Account
 		"public_key": publicKey.String(),
 	}).Info("proxy peer authenticated successfully with management")
 
+	// Embedded client log level: warn by default (quiet in production); set
+	// NB_PROXY_CLIENT_LOG_LEVEL (e.g. "trace") to surface the embedded NetBird
+	// client's relay / signal / handshake detail for local debugging.
+	clientLogLevel := log.WarnLevel.String()
+	if v := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(envProxyClientLogLevel)); v != "" {
+		if lvl, err := log.ParseLevel(v); err == nil {
+			clientLogLevel = lvl.String()
+		} else {
+			n.logger.Warnf("invalid %s %q, using %q: %v", envProxyClientLogLevel, v, clientLogLevel, err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	n.initLogOnce.Do(func() {
-		if err := util.InitLog(log.WarnLevel.String(), util.LogConsole); err != nil {
+		if err := util.InitLog(clientLogLevel, util.LogConsole); err != nil {
 			n.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Warnf("failed to initialize embedded client logging: %v", err)
 		}
 	})
 
+	// Rosenpass runs in permissive mode by default so the embedded proxy can
+	// establish connections with Rosenpass-enabled peers (which otherwise fail
+	// on a PSK mismatch) while still falling back to plain WireGuard for peers
+	// that do not run Rosenpass. Set NB_PROXY_ROSENPASS=false to disable it.
+	rosenpassEnabled := true
+	if v, ok := envBool(envProxyRosenpass, n.logger); ok {
+		rosenpassEnabled = v
+	}
+
 	// Create embedded NetBird client with the generated private key.
 	// The peer has already been created via CreateProxyPeer RPC with the public key.
 	wgPort := int(n.clientCfg.WGPort)
-	client, err := embed.New(embed.Options{
-		DeviceName:    deviceNamePrefix + n.proxyID,
-		ManagementURL: n.clientCfg.MgmtAddr,
-		PrivateKey:    privateKey.String(),
-		LogLevel:      log.WarnLevel.String(),
-		BlockInbound:  true,
-		WireguardPort: &wgPort,
-		PreSharedKey:  n.clientCfg.PreSharedKey,
-	})
+	embedOpts := embed.Options{
+		DeviceName:          deviceNamePrefix + n.proxyID,
+		ManagementURL:       n.clientCfg.MgmtAddr,
+		PrivateKey:          privateKey.String(),
+		LogLevel:            clientLogLevel,
+		BlockInbound:        n.clientCfg.BlockInbound,
+		EnableRosenpass:     rosenpassEnabled,
+		RosenpassPermissive: rosenpassEnabled,
+		// The embedded proxy peer must never be a stepping stone into
+		// the proxy host's LAN: it only exists to reach NetBird mesh
+		// targets or, when direct_upstream is set, the host network
+		// stack via the MultiTransport's direct branch (which bypasses
+		// the engine routing entirely).
+		BlockLANAccess: true,
+		WireguardPort:  &wgPort,
+		PreSharedKey:   n.clientCfg.PreSharedKey,
+		Performance:    n.clientCfg.Performance,
+	}
+	logEmbedOptions(n.logger, accountID, serviceID, publicKey.String(), embedOpts)
+	client, err := embed.New(embedOpts)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create netbird client: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -305,8 +442,14 @@ func (n *NetBird) createClientEntry(ctx context.Context, accountID types.Account
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// runClientStartup starts the client and notifies registered services on success.
-func (n *NetBird) runClientStartup(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) {
+// runClientStartup starts the client and notifies registered services on
+// success. This function runs in a goroutine launched from AddPeer, so it
+// must never inherit the caller's request-scoped context — a canceled
+// request must not abort the inbound listener bring-up or the management
+// status notification. The embedded client.Start gets its own bounded
+// startCtx; once Start succeeds, notifyClientReady takes over with a
+// fresh context.Background() (see that function for the contract).
+func (n *NetBird) runClientStartup(accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) {
 	startCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
 
@@ -319,7 +462,17 @@ func (n *NetBird) runClientStartup(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountI
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Mark client as started and collect services to notify outside the lock.
+	n.notifyClientReady(accountID, client)
+}
+
+// notifyClientReady marks the account's client as started, fires the
+// readyHandler hook, and notifies management of the new tunnel
+// connection for every registered service. It is split out of
+// runClientStartup so a regression test can drive the post-Start tail
+// without needing a live embedded client. The contract that the
+// hooks/notifier see context.Background() — never the AddPeer caller's
+// ctx — lives here.
+func (n *NetBird) notifyClientReady(accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) {
 	n.clientsMux.Lock()
 	entry, exists := n.clients[accountID]
 	if exists {
@@ -331,13 +484,30 @@ func (n *NetBird) runClientStartup(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountI
 			toNotify = append(toNotify, serviceNotification{key: key, serviceID: info.serviceID})
 		}
 	}
+	readyHandler := n.readyHandler
 	n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
+	if readyHandler != nil {
+		state := readyHandler(n.ctx, accountID, client)
+		n.clientsMux.Lock()
+		if e, ok := n.clients[accountID]; ok {
+			e.inbound = state
+		} else if state != nil && n.stopHandler != nil {
+			// Account was removed while readyHandler ran; tear down the
+			// resources it just brought up.
+			stop := n.stopHandler
+			n.clientsMux.Unlock()
+			stop(accountID, state)
+			n.clientsMux.Lock()
+		}
+		n.clientsMux.Unlock()
+	}
+
 	if n.statusNotifier == nil {
 		return
 	}
 	for _, sn := range toNotify {
-		if err := n.statusNotifier.NotifyStatus(ctx, accountID, sn.serviceID, true); err != nil {
+		if err := n.statusNotifier.NotifyStatus(n.ctx, accountID, sn.serviceID, true); err != nil {
 			n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
 				"account_id":  accountID,
 				"service_key": sn.key,
@@ -354,6 +524,15 @@ func (n *NetBird) runClientStartup(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountI
 // RemovePeer unregisters a service from an account. The client is only stopped
 // when no services are using it anymore.
 func (n *NetBird) RemovePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key ServiceKey) error {
+	lifecycle := n.accountLifecycle(accountID)
+	lifecycle.Lock()
+	transferred := false
+	defer func() {
+		if !transferred {
+			lifecycle.Unlock()
+		}
+	}()
+
 	n.clientsMux.Lock()
 
 	entry, exists := n.clients[accountID]
@@ -376,13 +555,8 @@ func (n *NetBird) RemovePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key
 	delete(entry.services, key)
 
 	stopClient := len(entry.services) == 0
-	var client *embed.Client
-	var transport, insecureTransport *http.Transport
 	if stopClient {
 		n.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).Info("stopping client, no more services")
-		client = entry.client
-		transport = entry.transport
-		insecureTransport = entry.insecureTransport
 		delete(n.clients, accountID)
 	} else {
 		n.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
@@ -396,16 +570,40 @@ func (n *NetBird) RemovePeer(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key
 	n.notifyDisconnect(ctx, accountID, key, si.serviceID)
 
 	if stopClient {
-		transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-		insecureTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
-		if err := client.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
-			n.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).WithError(err).Warn("failed to stop netbird client")
-		}
+		transferred = true
+		go n.stopClientLocked(accountID, lifecycle, entry)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// stopClientLocked releases a client's resources off the caller's goroutine so a
+// slow client.Stop cannot wedge the mapping receive loop (which calls RemovePeer
+// synchronously). It unlocks lifecycle when done so a new client.Start for the
+// same account waits for this teardown.
+func (n *NetBird) stopClientLocked(accountID types.AccountID, lifecycle *sync.Mutex, entry *clientEntry) {
+	defer lifecycle.Unlock()
+
+	if entry.inbound != nil && n.stopHandler != nil {
+		n.stopHandler(accountID, entry.inbound)
+	}
+	if entry.transport != nil {
+		entry.transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+	}
+	if entry.insecureTransport != nil {
+		entry.insecureTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
+	}
+	if entry.client == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), clientStopTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	if err := entry.client.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
+		n.logger.WithField("account_id", accountID).WithError(err).Warn("failed to stop netbird client")
+	}
+}
+
 func (n *NetBird) notifyDisconnect(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key ServiceKey, serviceID types.ServiceID) {
 	if n.statusNotifier == nil {
 		return
@@ -482,8 +680,12 @@ func (n *NetBird) StopAll(ctx context.Context) error {
 	n.clientsMux.Lock()
 	defer n.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
+	stopHandler := n.stopHandler
 	var merr *multierror.Error
 	for accountID, entry := range n.clients {
+		if entry.inbound != nil && stopHandler != nil {
+			stopHandler(accountID, entry.inbound)
+		}
 		entry.transport.CloseIdleConnections()
 		entry.insecureTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
 		if err := entry.client.Stop(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -536,6 +738,19 @@ func (n *NetBird) GetClient(accountID types.AccountID) (*embed.Client, bool) {
 	return entry.client, true
 }
 
+// IdentityForIP resolves a tunnel IP to a peer identity local to the given
+// account. Delegates to clientEntry.IdentityForIP. Returns ok=false when
+// the account has no client or the IP is not in its peerstore.
+func (n *NetBird) IdentityForIP(accountID types.AccountID, ip netip.Addr) (pubKey, fqdn string, ok bool) {
+	n.clientsMux.RLock()
+	entry, exists := n.clients[accountID]
+	n.clientsMux.RUnlock()
+	if !exists {
+		return "", "", false
+	}
+	return entry.IdentityForIP(ip)
+}
+
 // ListClientsForDebug returns information about all clients for debug purposes.
 func (n *NetBird) ListClientsForDebug() map[types.AccountID]ClientDebugInfo {
 	n.clientsMux.RLock()
@@ -575,11 +790,12 @@ func (n *NetBird) ListClientsForStartup() map[types.AccountID]*embed.Client {
 // NewNetBird creates a new NetBird transport. Set clientCfg.WGPort to 0 for a random
 // OS-assigned port. A fixed port only works with single-account deployments;
 // multiple accounts will fail to bind the same port.
-func NewNetBird(proxyID, proxyAddr string, clientCfg ClientConfig, logger *log.Logger, notifier statusNotifier, mgmtClient managementClient) *NetBird {
+func NewNetBird(ctx context.Context, proxyID, proxyAddr string, clientCfg ClientConfig, logger *log.Logger, notifier statusNotifier, mgmtClient managementClient) *NetBird {
 	if logger == nil {
 		logger = log.StandardLogger()
 	}
 	return &NetBird{
+		ctx:            ctx,
 		proxyID:        proxyID,
 		proxyAddr:      proxyAddr,
 		clientCfg:      clientCfg,
@@ -591,6 +807,18 @@ func NewNetBird(proxyID, proxyAddr string, clientCfg ClientConfig, logger *log.L
 	}
 }
 
+// SetClientLifecycle registers callbacks that run when an embedded
+// client becomes ready and when its entry is torn down. The opaque value
+// returned by ready is stored on the entry and handed back to stop on
+// cleanup. Must be called before AddPeer. A nil pair leaves the
+// outbound-only behaviour intact.
+func (n *NetBird) SetClientLifecycle(ready func(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, client *embed.Client) any, stop func(accountID types.AccountID, state any)) {
+	n.clientsMux.Lock()
+	defer n.clientsMux.Unlock()
+	n.readyHandler = ready
+	n.stopHandler = stop
+}
+
 // dialWithTimeout wraps a DialContext function so that any dial timeout
 // stored in the context (via types.WithDialTimeout) is applied only to
 // the connection establishment phase, not the full request lifetime.
@@ -633,3 +861,74 @@ func skipTLSVerifyFromContext(ctx context.Context) bool {
 	v, _ := ctx.Value(skipTLSVerifyContextKey{}).(bool)
 	return v
 }
+
+// directUpstreamContextKey signals that the request should bypass the embedded
+// NetBird WireGuard client and dial via the host's network stack instead.
+// Set by the reverse-proxy rewrite step when the matched target carries
+// PathTarget.DirectUpstream; consumed by MultiTransport.
+type directUpstreamContextKey struct{}
+
+// WithDirectUpstream marks the context so MultiTransport routes the request
+// through its stdlib transport instead of the embedded NetBird roundtripper.
+func WithDirectUpstream(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, directUpstreamContextKey{}, true)
+}
+
+// DirectUpstreamFromContext reports whether the context has been marked to
+// bypass the embedded NetBird client.
+func DirectUpstreamFromContext(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	v, _ := ctx.Value(directUpstreamContextKey{}).(bool)
+	return v
+}
+
+// logEmbedOptions emits a single structured INFO line summarising every
+// operationally meaningful flag handed to embed.New for this per-account
+// client. Secrets (PrivateKey, PreSharedKey) are reduced to a "present"
+// boolean — never logged verbatim. Use this when an embedded peer
+// silently misbehaves: most failure modes (inbound drops, wrong
+// management URL, v6 unexpectedly on, userspace flipped, port clash)
+// are obvious from these flags before any traffic flows.
+func logEmbedOptions(logger *log.Logger, accountID types.AccountID, serviceID types.ServiceID, publicKey string, opts embed.Options) {
+	wgPort := 0
+	if opts.WireguardPort != nil {
+		wgPort = *opts.WireguardPort
+	}
+	mtu := uint16(0)
+	if opts.MTU != nil {
+		mtu = *opts.MTU
+	}
+	perfBuffers := uint32(0)
+	if opts.Performance.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool != nil {
+		perfBuffers = *opts.Performance.PreallocatedBuffersPerPool
+	}
+	perfBatch := uint32(0)
+	if opts.Performance.MaxBatchSize != nil {
+		perfBatch = *opts.Performance.MaxBatchSize
+	}
+	logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"account_id":            accountID,
+		"service_id":            serviceID,
+		"public_key":            publicKey,
+		"device_name":           opts.DeviceName,
+		"management_url":        opts.ManagementURL,
+		"log_level":             opts.LogLevel,
+		"wg_port":               wgPort,
+		"mtu":                   mtu,
+		"block_inbound":         opts.BlockInbound,
+		"block_lan_access":      opts.BlockLANAccess,
+		"rosenpass_enabled":     opts.EnableRosenpass,
+		"rosenpass_permissive":  opts.RosenpassPermissive,
+		"disable_ipv6":          opts.DisableIPv6,
+		"disable_client_routes": opts.DisableClientRoutes,
+		"no_userspace":          opts.NoUserspace,
+		"config_path_set":       opts.ConfigPath != "",
+		"state_path_set":        opts.StatePath != "",
+		"private_key_present":   opts.PrivateKey != "",
+		"presharedkey_present":  opts.PreSharedKey != "",
+		"setup_key_present":     opts.SetupKey != "",
+		"jwt_token_present":     opts.JWTToken != "",
+		"dns_labels":            opts.DNSLabels,
+		"perf_buffers_per_pool": perfBuffers,
+		"perf_max_batch_size":   perfBatch,
+	}).Info("starting embedded netbird client for account")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird_test.go b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird_test.go
index 5444f6c11..700cca83e 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/roundtrip/netbird_test.go
@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@ package roundtrip
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/netip"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
@@ -20,6 +23,18 @@ func (m *mockMgmtClient) CreateProxyPeer(_ context.Context, _ *proto.CreateProxy
 	return &proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse{Success: true}, nil
 }
 
+// signalMgmtClient closes entered the first time CreateProxyPeer is called, so
+// tests can detect AddPeer reaching client creation.
+type signalMgmtClient struct {
+	entered chan struct{}
+	once    sync.Once
+}
+
+func (m *signalMgmtClient) CreateProxyPeer(_ context.Context, _ *proto.CreateProxyPeerRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse, error) {
+	m.once.Do(func() { close(m.entered) })
+	return &proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse{Success: true}, nil
+}
+
 type mockStatusNotifier struct {
 	mu       sync.Mutex
 	statuses []statusCall
@@ -29,12 +44,15 @@ type statusCall struct {
 	accountID types.AccountID
 	serviceID types.ServiceID
 	connected bool
+	// ctx is captured so tests can assert the notifier received a
+	// fresh background context rather than an inherited request ctx.
+	ctx context.Context
 }
 
-func (m *mockStatusNotifier) NotifyStatus(_ context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, serviceID types.ServiceID, connected bool) error {
+func (m *mockStatusNotifier) NotifyStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, serviceID types.ServiceID, connected bool) error {
 	m.mu.Lock()
 	defer m.mu.Unlock()
-	m.statuses = append(m.statuses, statusCall{accountID, serviceID, connected})
+	m.statuses = append(m.statuses, statusCall{accountID, serviceID, connected, ctx})
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -47,11 +65,15 @@ func (m *mockStatusNotifier) calls() []statusCall {
 // mockNetBird creates a NetBird instance for testing without actually connecting.
 // It uses an invalid management URL to prevent real connections.
 func mockNetBird() *NetBird {
-	return NewNetBird("test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+	nb := NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
 		MgmtAddr:     "http://invalid.test:9999",
 		WGPort:       0,
 		PreSharedKey: "",
 	}, nil, nil, &mockMgmtClient{})
+	// Skip the real embed client.Start, which would hang against the unreachable
+	// mgmt URL and (now that the lifecycle lock spans startup) serialise removes.
+	nb.startClient = func(types.AccountID, *embed.Client) {}
+	return nb
 }
 
 func TestNetBird_AddPeer_CreatesClientForNewAccount(t *testing.T) {
@@ -278,11 +300,12 @@ func TestNetBird_RoundTrip_RequiresExistingClient(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestNetBird_AddPeer_ExistingStartedClient_NotifiesStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	notifier := &mockStatusNotifier{}
-	nb := NewNetBird("test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+	nb := NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
 		MgmtAddr:     "http://invalid.test:9999",
 		WGPort:       0,
 		PreSharedKey: "",
 	}, nil, notifier, &mockMgmtClient{})
+	nb.startClient = func(types.AccountID, *embed.Client) {}
 	accountID := types.AccountID("account-1")
 
 	// Add first service — creates a new client entry.
@@ -294,8 +317,12 @@ func TestNetBird_AddPeer_ExistingStartedClient_NotifiesStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	nb.clients[accountID].started = true
 	nb.clientsMux.Unlock()
 
-	// Add second service — should notify immediately since client is already started.
-	err = nb.AddPeer(context.Background(), accountID, "domain2.test", "key-1", types.ServiceID("svc-2"))
+	// Add second service with an already-cancelled caller context —
+	// should notify immediately (client is started) AND the notification
+	// must not inherit the cancelled ctx.
+	cancelledCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	err = nb.AddPeer(cancelledCtx, accountID, "domain2.test", "key-1", types.ServiceID("svc-2"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	calls := notifier.calls()
@@ -303,11 +330,44 @@ func TestNetBird_AddPeer_ExistingStartedClient_NotifiesStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, accountID, calls[0].accountID)
 	assert.Equal(t, types.ServiceID("svc-2"), calls[0].serviceID)
 	assert.True(t, calls[0].connected)
+	require.NotNil(t, calls[0].ctx, "NotifyStatus must receive a context")
+	require.NoError(t, calls[0].ctx.Err(),
+		"already-started NotifyStatus must use a background ctx, not the cancelled caller ctx")
+}
+
+// TestNetBird_IdentityForIP_UnknownAccountReturnsFalse confirms that the
+// public lookup short-circuits when no client has been registered for
+// the queried account. The auth middleware uses ok=false as a fast deny.
+func TestNetBird_IdentityForIP_UnknownAccountReturnsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	nb := mockNetBird()
+	_, _, ok := nb.IdentityForIP("acct-missing", netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"))
+	assert.False(t, ok, "unknown account must yield ok=false")
+}
+
+// TestClientEntry_IdentityForIP_NilClientGuard ensures the receiver
+// methods stay safe when called on partially-initialized state, which
+// can happen briefly during AddPeer setup or test fixtures.
+func TestClientEntry_IdentityForIP_NilClientGuard(t *testing.T) {
+	var e *clientEntry
+	_, _, ok := e.IdentityForIP(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"))
+	assert.False(t, ok, "nil clientEntry must yield ok=false")
+
+	e = &clientEntry{}
+	_, _, ok = e.IdentityForIP(netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.10"))
+	assert.False(t, ok, "clientEntry with nil embed.Client must yield ok=false")
+}
+
+// TestClientEntry_IdentityForIP_InvalidIPReturnsFalse covers the input
+// guard so callers don't have to repeat the check.
+func TestClientEntry_IdentityForIP_InvalidIPReturnsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	e := &clientEntry{}
+	_, _, ok := e.IdentityForIP(netip.Addr{})
+	assert.False(t, ok, "invalid IP must yield ok=false")
 }
 
 func TestNetBird_RemovePeer_NotifiesDisconnection(t *testing.T) {
 	notifier := &mockStatusNotifier{}
-	nb := NewNetBird("test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+	nb := NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
 		MgmtAddr:     "http://invalid.test:9999",
 		WGPort:       0,
 		PreSharedKey: "",
@@ -329,3 +389,164 @@ func TestNetBird_RemovePeer_NotifiesDisconnection(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, types.ServiceID("svc-1"), calls[0].serviceID)
 	assert.False(t, calls[0].connected)
 }
+
+// TestNetBird_RemovePeer_TeardownIsAsync proves the fix for the receive-loop
+// stall: RemovePeer must return promptly even when the client teardown blocks,
+// because teardown runs off the caller's goroutine. The receive loop calls
+// RemovePeer synchronously, so a blocking teardown inline would wedge it.
+func TestNetBird_RemovePeer_TeardownIsAsync(t *testing.T) {
+	nb := NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+		MgmtAddr: "http://invalid.test:9999",
+	}, nil, &mockStatusNotifier{}, &mockMgmtClient{})
+
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-async-teardown")
+	key := DomainServiceKey("svc.example")
+
+	teardownEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	releaseTeardown := make(chan struct{})
+	nb.SetClientLifecycle(nil, func(types.AccountID, any) {
+		close(teardownEntered)
+		<-releaseTeardown
+	})
+
+	nb.clientsMux.Lock()
+	nb.clients[accountID] = &clientEntry{
+		services: map[ServiceKey]serviceInfo{key: {serviceID: types.ServiceID("svc-1")}},
+		started:  true,
+		inbound:  struct{}{},
+	}
+	nb.clientsMux.Unlock()
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- nb.RemovePeer(context.Background(), accountID, key) }()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("RemovePeer did not return while teardown was blocked — teardown is not async")
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-teardownEntered:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("teardown never ran")
+	}
+
+	close(releaseTeardown)
+}
+
+// TestNetBird_AddPeer_WaitsForTeardown proves the lifecycle lock serialises a
+// new client bringup behind an in-flight teardown for the same account, so a
+// slow client.Stop can never race a new client.Start for that account.
+//
+// It targets the handoff race specifically: AddPeer is launched immediately
+// after RemovePeer returns, WITHOUT waiting for the teardown goroutine to start.
+// This only passes if RemovePeer acquires the lifecycle lock synchronously
+// (before returning) and hands it to the teardown goroutine — if the goroutine
+// acquired the lock itself, AddPeer could win the lock in this window and start
+// a replacement client while the old teardown is still pending.
+func TestNetBird_AddPeer_WaitsForTeardown(t *testing.T) {
+	nb := NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+		MgmtAddr: "http://invalid.test:9999",
+	}, nil, &mockStatusNotifier{}, &mockMgmtClient{})
+	nb.startClient = func(types.AccountID, *embed.Client) {}
+
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-serialize")
+	key := DomainServiceKey("svc.example")
+
+	addEntered := make(chan struct{})
+	releaseTeardown := make(chan struct{})
+	nb.SetClientLifecycle(nil, func(types.AccountID, any) {
+		// Block teardown until released. If AddPeer ever reaches createClientEntry
+		// (signalled via the mgmt client below) while we hold the lock, the lock
+		// failed to serialise and the test fails before we release.
+		<-releaseTeardown
+	})
+
+	nb.clientsMux.Lock()
+	nb.clients[accountID] = &clientEntry{
+		services: map[ServiceKey]serviceInfo{key: {serviceID: types.ServiceID("svc-1")}},
+		started:  true,
+		inbound:  struct{}{},
+	}
+	nb.clientsMux.Unlock()
+
+	// createClientEntry calls CreateProxyPeer; closing addEntered there tells us
+	// AddPeer got past the lifecycle lock and into client creation.
+	nb.mgmtClient = &signalMgmtClient{entered: addEntered}
+
+	require.NoError(t, nb.RemovePeer(context.Background(), accountID, key))
+
+	// Launch AddPeer with NO synchronisation against the teardown goroutine.
+	addReturned := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		_ = nb.AddPeer(context.Background(), accountID, DomainServiceKey("svc2.example"), "key-2", types.ServiceID("svc-2"))
+		close(addReturned)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-addEntered:
+		t.Fatal("AddPeer entered client creation while teardown held the lifecycle lock — handoff race not closed")
+	case <-addReturned:
+		t.Fatal("AddPeer completed while teardown held the lifecycle lock — not serialised")
+	case <-time.After(300 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+
+	close(releaseTeardown)
+	select {
+	case <-addReturned:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("AddPeer never completed after teardown released the lifecycle lock")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNotifyClientReady_UsesBackgroundCtx pins the contract that the
+// post-Start hooks (readyHandler + statusNotifier.NotifyStatus) run on
+// a fresh context.Background() rather than inheriting the AddPeer
+// caller's request- or stream-scoped ctx. Without this, a cancelled
+// caller ctx could abort the inbound listener bring-up or cause the
+// management status notification to fail spuriously and leave the
+// account in a half-connected state.
+func TestNotifyClientReady_UsesBackgroundCtx(t *testing.T) {
+	notifier := &mockStatusNotifier{}
+	nb := NewNetBird(context.Background(), "test-proxy", "invalid.test", ClientConfig{
+		MgmtAddr: "http://invalid.test:9999",
+	}, nil, notifier, &mockMgmtClient{})
+
+	accountID := types.AccountID("acct-async")
+	// Pre-populate a client entry so notifyClientReady has something
+	// to mark started + something to enumerate for NotifyStatus.
+	nb.clientsMux.Lock()
+	nb.clients[accountID] = &clientEntry{
+		services: map[ServiceKey]serviceInfo{
+			DomainServiceKey("svc.example"): {serviceID: types.ServiceID("svc-1")},
+		},
+	}
+	nb.clientsMux.Unlock()
+
+	var capturedReadyCtx context.Context
+	nb.SetClientLifecycle(
+		func(ctx context.Context, _ types.AccountID, _ *embed.Client) any {
+			capturedReadyCtx = ctx
+			return nil
+		},
+		nil,
+	)
+
+	// Drive the post-Start path directly; a real client.Start would
+	// need a working management URL.
+	nb.notifyClientReady(accountID, nil)
+
+	require.NotNil(t, capturedReadyCtx, "readyHandler must have been invoked")
+	require.NoError(t, capturedReadyCtx.Err(),
+		"readyHandler must receive a background context, not an inherited cancelled one")
+	deadline, ok := capturedReadyCtx.Deadline()
+	assert.False(t, ok, "readyHandler ctx must have no deadline (background); got %v", deadline)
+
+	calls := notifier.calls()
+	require.Len(t, calls, 1, "NotifyStatus must be invoked once per registered service")
+	require.NotNil(t, calls[0].ctx, "NotifyStatus must receive a context")
+	require.NoError(t, calls[0].ctx.Err(),
+		"NotifyStatus must receive a background context, not an inherited cancelled one")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/accept.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/accept.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a63560a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/accept.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package tcp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// gvisorInvalidEndpointMsg is the canonical text gVisor netstack returns
+// when Accept() is called on a listener whose underlying endpoint has
+// been destroyed (peer rekey, embedded-client reset, account churn).
+// There is no exported sentinel from gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip that
+// survives gonet's *net.OpError wrapping in a way errors.Is can match,
+// so we fall back to a string check. Stable across the gVisor versions
+// netbird pins.
+const gvisorInvalidEndpointMsg = "endpoint is in invalid state"
+
+// IsClosedListenerErr reports whether err signals that an accept loop
+// should exit because the underlying listener can no longer serve
+// connections. It recognises:
+//
+//   - net.ErrClosed for stdlib listeners (Listener.Close was called).
+//   - gVisor's "endpoint is in invalid state" for netstack-backed
+//     listeners whose endpoint was destroyed out from under them
+//     (typically when a per-account WireGuard netstack is reset without
+//     also tearing the listener entry down).
+//
+// Without the gVisor branch an accept loop on a netstack listener spins
+// CPU-hot forever after the endpoint dies, because Accept never blocks
+// again and the error neither matches net.ErrClosed nor cancels ctx.
+func IsClosedListenerErr(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return strings.Contains(err.Error(), gvisorInvalidEndpointMsg)
+}
+
+// AcceptBackoff implements the exponential backoff used by
+// net/http.Server.Serve for transient Accept errors. Without it a loop
+// hitting a sticky unknown error burns a full CPU core. The zero value
+// is ready to use; call Reset after a successful Accept.
+type AcceptBackoff struct {
+	delay time.Duration
+}
+
+// minAcceptDelay / maxAcceptDelay mirror the stdlib defaults
+// (net/http.Server.Serve) and keep us well below 1 log line per second
+// per orphaned listener.
+const (
+	minAcceptDelay = 5 * time.Millisecond
+	maxAcceptDelay = time.Second
+)
+
+// Backoff waits the next exponential delay (5ms doubling up to 1s) and
+// returns true when the wait completed. Returns false if ctx fired
+// during the wait — callers should treat that as "exit the loop".
+func (b *AcceptBackoff) Backoff(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	b.advance()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return false
+	case <-time.After(b.delay):
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+// Reset clears the accumulated delay so the next failure starts at the
+// minimum delay again. Call after a successful Accept.
+func (b *AcceptBackoff) Reset() { b.delay = 0 }
+
+func (b *AcceptBackoff) advance() {
+	if b.delay == 0 {
+		b.delay = minAcceptDelay
+	} else {
+		b.delay *= 2
+	}
+	if b.delay > maxAcceptDelay {
+		b.delay = maxAcceptDelay
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/accept_test.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/accept_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b2824d38a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/accept_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package tcp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestIsClosedListenerErr_NetErrClosed verifies the stdlib path: a
+// closed *net.Listener returns net.ErrClosed wrapped in *net.OpError,
+// and IsClosedListenerErr must unwrap it.
+func TestIsClosedListenerErr_NetErrClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	wrapped := &net.OpError{Op: "accept", Net: "tcp", Err: net.ErrClosed}
+	assert.True(t, IsClosedListenerErr(wrapped),
+		"net.OpError wrapping net.ErrClosed must be recognised as closed")
+}
+
+// TestIsClosedListenerErr_GVisorInvalidEndpoint is the load-bearing
+// regression guard. A gVisor netstack listener whose endpoint has been
+// destroyed returns this exact text. Without recognising it the accept
+// loop spins forever and burns a CPU core.
+func TestIsClosedListenerErr_GVisorInvalidEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	err := fmt.Errorf("accept tcp 10.10.1.254:80: endpoint is in invalid state")
+	assert.True(t, IsClosedListenerErr(err),
+		"gVisor 'endpoint is in invalid state' must be recognised as closed")
+}
+
+// TestIsClosedListenerErr_OtherError confirms we don't over-match —
+// transient errors must keep returning false so the backoff path runs.
+func TestIsClosedListenerErr_OtherError(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []error{
+		errors.New("temporary failure"),
+		errors.New("accept tcp 10.10.1.254:80: too many open files"),
+		nil,
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		assert.False(t, IsClosedListenerErr(c),
+			"unexpected match on %v — must not be treated as closed", c)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestAcceptBackoff_ProgressionAndCap asserts the doubling schedule:
+// 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, ... capped at 1s. The test runs against a
+// real timer but uses tight bounds so a slow CI machine still passes.
+func TestAcceptBackoff_ProgressionAndCap(t *testing.T) {
+	var b AcceptBackoff
+	expected := []time.Duration{
+		5 * time.Millisecond,
+		10 * time.Millisecond,
+		20 * time.Millisecond,
+		40 * time.Millisecond,
+	}
+	for i, want := range expected {
+		start := time.Now()
+		ok := b.Backoff(context.Background())
+		elapsed := time.Since(start)
+		require.True(t, ok, "Backoff %d must complete; ctx is alive", i)
+		assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, want,
+			"backoff %d (%v) must wait at least the configured delay", i, want)
+		assert.Less(t, elapsed, want*4,
+			"backoff %d (%v) must not overshoot by more than 4x — caps misbehaving", i, want)
+	}
+
+	// Burn enough rounds to reach the cap, then assert subsequent
+	// rounds stay at exactly maxAcceptDelay (1s) — the timer should
+	// never exceed it.
+	for range 6 {
+		b.Backoff(context.Background())
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, maxAcceptDelay, b.delay,
+		"after enough doublings the delay must clamp to maxAcceptDelay")
+}
+
+// TestAcceptBackoff_Reset confirms that a successful Accept resets the
+// schedule — a busy-then-quiet listener mustn't stay on a 1s timer
+// after recovery.
+func TestAcceptBackoff_Reset(t *testing.T) {
+	var b AcceptBackoff
+	for range 5 {
+		b.Backoff(context.Background())
+	}
+	require.NotEqual(t, time.Duration(0), b.delay, "precondition: delay must have accumulated")
+
+	b.Reset()
+	assert.Equal(t, time.Duration(0), b.delay, "Reset must zero the delay")
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	ok := b.Backoff(context.Background())
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	require.True(t, ok, "Backoff after Reset must complete")
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, minAcceptDelay,
+		"after Reset the next backoff must restart at minAcceptDelay")
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, 50*time.Millisecond,
+		"after Reset the next backoff must NOT carry over the prior delay")
+}
+
+// TestAcceptBackoff_CancelDuringWait proves the loop exits promptly
+// when ctx fires mid-wait. Without this, a tear-down would still take
+// up to 1 second per orphaned listener.
+func TestAcceptBackoff_CancelDuringWait(t *testing.T) {
+	var b AcceptBackoff
+	// Drive the backoff up so the next call will wait ~1s — long
+	// enough that we can detect early cancellation.
+	for range 10 {
+		b.Backoff(context.Background())
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, maxAcceptDelay, b.delay)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+		cancel()
+	}()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	ok := b.Backoff(ctx)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "Backoff must return false when ctx is cancelled mid-wait")
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, 200*time.Millisecond,
+		"cancellation must short-circuit the timer; took %v", elapsed)
+}
+
+// TestAcceptBackoff_CancelBeforeCall — when ctx is already done the
+// loop exits without sleeping at all.
+func TestAcceptBackoff_CancelBeforeCall(t *testing.T) {
+	var b AcceptBackoff
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	ok := b.Backoff(ctx)
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	assert.False(t, ok, "Backoff must return false when ctx is already cancelled")
+	assert.Less(t, elapsed, 50*time.Millisecond,
+		"already-cancelled ctx must return immediately; took %v", elapsed)
+}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/bench_test.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/bench_test.go
index 049f8395d..6c0b1eea7 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/bench_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/bench_test.go
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ func BenchmarkPeekClientHello_TLS(b *testing.B) {
 	for b.Loop() {
 		r := bytes.NewReader(hello)
 		conn := &readerConn{Reader: r}
-		sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
+		sni, wrapped, _, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func BenchmarkPeekClientHello_NonTLS(b *testing.B) {
 	for b.Loop() {
 		r := bytes.NewReader(httpReq)
 		conn := &readerConn{Reader: r}
-		_, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
+		_, wrapped, _, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fatal(err)
 		}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/peekedconn.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/peekedconn.go
index 26f3e5c7c..23a348352 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/peekedconn.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/peekedconn.go
@@ -25,6 +25,12 @@ func (c *peekedConn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	return c.reader.Read(b)
 }
 
+// halfCloser matches connections that support shutting down the write
+// side while keeping the read side open (e.g. *net.TCPConn).
+type halfCloser interface {
+	CloseWrite() error
+}
+
 // CloseWrite delegates to the underlying connection if it supports
 // half-close (e.g. *net.TCPConn). Without this, embedding net.Conn
 // as an interface hides the concrete type's CloseWrite method, making
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/relay.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/relay.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 39949818d..000000000
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/relay.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-package tcp
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/netutil"
-)
-
-// errIdleTimeout is returned when a relay connection is closed due to inactivity.
-var errIdleTimeout = errors.New("idle timeout")
-
-// DefaultIdleTimeout is the default idle timeout for TCP relay connections.
-// A zero value disables idle timeout checking.
-const DefaultIdleTimeout = 5 * time.Minute
-
-// halfCloser is implemented by connections that support half-close
-// (e.g. *net.TCPConn). When one copy direction finishes, we signal
-// EOF to the remote by closing the write side while keeping the read
-// side open so the other direction can drain.
-type halfCloser interface {
-	CloseWrite() error
-}
-
-// copyBufPool avoids allocating a new 32KB buffer per io.Copy call.
-var copyBufPool = sync.Pool{
-	New: func() any {
-		buf := make([]byte, 32*1024)
-		return &buf
-	},
-}
-
-// Relay copies data bidirectionally between src and dst until both
-// sides are done or the context is canceled. When idleTimeout is
-// non-zero, each direction's read is deadline-guarded; if no data
-// flows within the timeout the connection is torn down. When one
-// direction finishes, it half-closes the write side of the
-// destination (if supported) to signal EOF, allowing the other
-// direction to drain gracefully before the full connection teardown.
-func Relay(ctx context.Context, logger *log.Entry, src, dst net.Conn, idleTimeout time.Duration) (srcToDst, dstToSrc int64) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	go func() {
-		<-ctx.Done()
-		_ = src.Close()
-		_ = dst.Close()
-	}()
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	wg.Add(2)
-
-	var errSrcToDst, errDstToSrc error
-
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
-		srcToDst, errSrcToDst = copyWithIdleTimeout(dst, src, idleTimeout)
-		halfClose(dst)
-		cancel()
-	}()
-
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
-		dstToSrc, errDstToSrc = copyWithIdleTimeout(src, dst, idleTimeout)
-		halfClose(src)
-		cancel()
-	}()
-
-	wg.Wait()
-
-	if errors.Is(errSrcToDst, errIdleTimeout) || errors.Is(errDstToSrc, errIdleTimeout) {
-		logger.Debug("relay closed due to idle timeout")
-	}
-	if errSrcToDst != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(errSrcToDst) {
-		logger.Debugf("relay copy error (src→dst): %v", errSrcToDst)
-	}
-	if errDstToSrc != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(errDstToSrc) {
-		logger.Debugf("relay copy error (dst→src): %v", errDstToSrc)
-	}
-
-	return srcToDst, dstToSrc
-}
-
-// copyWithIdleTimeout copies from src to dst using a pooled buffer.
-// When idleTimeout > 0 it sets a read deadline on src before each
-// read and treats a timeout as an idle-triggered close.
-func copyWithIdleTimeout(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader, idleTimeout time.Duration) (int64, error) {
-	bufp := copyBufPool.Get().(*[]byte)
-	defer copyBufPool.Put(bufp)
-
-	if idleTimeout <= 0 {
-		return io.CopyBuffer(dst, src, *bufp)
-	}
-
-	conn, ok := src.(net.Conn)
-	if !ok {
-		return io.CopyBuffer(dst, src, *bufp)
-	}
-
-	buf := *bufp
-	var total int64
-	for {
-		if err := conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(idleTimeout)); err != nil {
-			return total, err
-		}
-		nr, readErr := src.Read(buf)
-		if nr > 0 {
-			n, err := checkedWrite(dst, buf[:nr])
-			total += n
-			if err != nil {
-				return total, err
-			}
-		}
-		if readErr != nil {
-			if netutil.IsTimeout(readErr) {
-				return total, errIdleTimeout
-			}
-			return total, readErr
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// checkedWrite writes buf to dst and returns the number of bytes written.
-// It guards against short writes and negative counts per io.Copy convention.
-func checkedWrite(dst io.Writer, buf []byte) (int64, error) {
-	nw, err := dst.Write(buf)
-	if nw < 0 || nw > len(buf) {
-		nw = 0
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return int64(nw), err
-	}
-	if nw != len(buf) {
-		return int64(nw), io.ErrShortWrite
-	}
-	return int64(nw), nil
-}
-
-func isExpectedCopyError(err error) bool {
-	return errors.Is(err, errIdleTimeout) || netutil.IsExpectedError(err)
-}
-
-// halfClose attempts to half-close the write side of the connection.
-// If the connection does not support half-close, this is a no-op.
-func halfClose(conn net.Conn) {
-	if hc, ok := conn.(halfCloser); ok {
-		// Best-effort; the full close will follow shortly.
-		_ = hc.CloseWrite()
-	}
-}
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/relay_test.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/relay_test.go
index e42d65b9d..f83a0d155 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/relay_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/relay_test.go
@@ -13,8 +13,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/netutil"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/netrelay"
 )
 
+func testRelay(ctx context.Context, logger *log.Entry, src, dst net.Conn, idleTimeout time.Duration) (int64, int64) {
+	return netrelay.Relay(ctx, src, dst, netrelay.Options{IdleTimeout: idleTimeout, Logger: logger})
+}
+
 func TestRelay_BidirectionalCopy(t *testing.T) {
 	srcClient, srcServer := net.Pipe()
 	dstClient, dstServer := net.Pipe()
@@ -41,7 +46,7 @@ func TestRelay_BidirectionalCopy(t *testing.T) {
 		srcClient.Close()
 	}()
 
-	s2d, d2s := Relay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 0)
+	s2d, d2s := testRelay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 0)
 
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(len(srcData)), s2d, "bytes src→dst")
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(len(dstData)), d2s, "bytes dst→src")
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@ func TestRelay_ContextCancellation(t *testing.T) {
 
 	done := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
-		Relay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 0)
+		testRelay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 0)
 		close(done)
 	}()
 
@@ -85,7 +90,7 @@ func TestRelay_OneSideClosed(t *testing.T) {
 
 	done := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
-		Relay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 0)
+		testRelay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 0)
 		close(done)
 	}()
 
@@ -129,7 +134,7 @@ func TestRelay_LargeTransfer(t *testing.T) {
 		dstClient.Close()
 	}()
 
-	s2d, _ := Relay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 0)
+	s2d, _ := testRelay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 0)
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(len(data)), s2d, "should transfer all bytes")
 	require.NoError(t, <-errCh)
 }
@@ -182,7 +187,7 @@ func TestRelay_IdleTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	done := make(chan struct{})
 	var s2d, d2s int64
 	go func() {
-		s2d, d2s = Relay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 200*time.Millisecond)
+		s2d, d2s = testRelay(ctx, logger, srcServer, dstServer, 200*time.Millisecond)
 		close(done)
 	}()
 
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/router.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/router.go
index 9f8660aeb..307f2b4f3 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/router.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/router.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/accesslog"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/restrict"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/netrelay"
 )
 
 // defaultDialTimeout is the fallback dial timeout when no per-route
@@ -99,28 +100,50 @@ type Router struct {
 	// httpCh is immutable after construction: set only in NewRouter, nil in NewPortRouter.
 	httpCh       chan net.Conn
 	httpListener *chanListener
-	mu           sync.RWMutex
-	routes       map[SNIHost][]Route
-	fallback     *Route
-	draining     bool
-	dialResolve  DialResolver
-	activeConns  sync.WaitGroup
-	activeRelays sync.WaitGroup
-	relaySem     chan struct{}
-	drainDone    chan struct{}
-	observer     RelayObserver
-	accessLog    l4Logger
-	geo          restrict.GeoResolver
+	// httpPlainCh feeds non-TLS HTTP connections to a parallel http.Server.
+	// Set only when NewRouter is called with WithPlainHTTP option (used by
+	// per-account inbound listeners that accept both :80 and :443 traffic).
+	// Nil for the host SNI router and for port routers.
+	httpPlainCh       chan net.Conn
+	httpPlainListener *chanListener
+	mu                sync.RWMutex
+	routes            map[SNIHost][]Route
+	fallback          *Route
+	draining          bool
+	dialResolve       DialResolver
+	activeConns       sync.WaitGroup
+	activeRelays      sync.WaitGroup
+	relaySem          chan struct{}
+	drainDone         chan struct{}
+	observer          RelayObserver
+	accessLog         l4Logger
+	geo               restrict.GeoResolver
 	// svcCtxs tracks a context per service ID. All relay goroutines for a
 	// service derive from its context; canceling it kills them immediately.
 	svcCtxs    map[types.ServiceID]context.Context
 	svcCancels map[types.ServiceID]context.CancelFunc
 }
 
+// RouterOption customises Router construction.
+type RouterOption func(*Router)
+
+// WithPlainHTTP enables a parallel plain-HTTP channel on the router. When
+// set, connections whose first byte is not a TLS handshake are forwarded
+// to the plain channel returned by HTTPListenerPlain instead of the TLS
+// channel. Used by per-account inbound listeners that share both :80 and
+// :443 traffic on the same router.
+func WithPlainHTTP(addr net.Addr) RouterOption {
+	return func(r *Router) {
+		ch := make(chan net.Conn, httpChannelBuffer)
+		r.httpPlainCh = ch
+		r.httpPlainListener = newChanListener(ch, addr)
+	}
+}
+
 // NewRouter creates a new SNI-based connection router.
-func NewRouter(logger *log.Logger, dialResolve DialResolver, addr net.Addr) *Router {
+func NewRouter(logger *log.Logger, dialResolve DialResolver, addr net.Addr, opts ...RouterOption) *Router {
 	httpCh := make(chan net.Conn, httpChannelBuffer)
-	return &Router{
+	r := &Router{
 		logger:       logger,
 		httpCh:       httpCh,
 		httpListener: newChanListener(httpCh, addr),
@@ -130,6 +153,10 @@ func NewRouter(logger *log.Logger, dialResolve DialResolver, addr net.Addr) *Rou
 		svcCtxs:      make(map[types.ServiceID]context.Context),
 		svcCancels:   make(map[types.ServiceID]context.CancelFunc),
 	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(r)
+	}
+	return r
 }
 
 // NewPortRouter creates a Router for a dedicated port without an HTTP
@@ -152,6 +179,16 @@ func (r *Router) HTTPListener() net.Listener {
 	return r.httpListener
 }
 
+// HTTPListenerPlain returns a net.Listener yielding non-TLS connections
+// for use with a parallel plain http.Server. Returns nil when the router
+// was not constructed with WithPlainHTTP.
+func (r *Router) HTTPListenerPlain() net.Listener {
+	if r.httpPlainListener == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return r.httpPlainListener
+}
+
 // AddRoute registers an SNI route. Multiple routes for the same host are
 // stored and resolved by priority at lookup time (HTTP > TCP).
 // Empty host is ignored to prevent conflicts with ECH/ESNI fallback.
@@ -253,22 +290,37 @@ func (r *Router) Serve(ctx context.Context, ln net.Listener) error {
 			if r.httpListener != nil {
 				r.httpListener.Close()
 			}
+			if r.httpPlainListener != nil {
+				r.httpPlainListener.Close()
+			}
 		case <-done:
 		}
 	}()
 
+	var backoff AcceptBackoff
 	for {
 		conn, err := ln.Accept()
 		if err != nil {
-			if ctx.Err() != nil || errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil || IsClosedListenerErr(err) {
+				if ok := r.Drain(DefaultDrainTimeout); !ok {
+					r.logger.Warn("timed out waiting for connections to drain")
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+			r.logger.Debugf("SNI router accept: %v; backing off", err)
+			if !backoff.Backoff(ctx) {
+				// Cancelled during backoff: still drain in-flight
+				// connections/relays before returning, matching the
+				// shutdown path above.
 				if ok := r.Drain(DefaultDrainTimeout); !ok {
 					r.logger.Warn("timed out waiting for connections to drain")
 				}
 				return nil
 			}
-			r.logger.Debugf("SNI router accept: %v", err)
 			continue
 		}
+		backoff.Reset()
+		r.logger.Debugf("SNI router accepted conn from %s on %s", conn.RemoteAddr(), conn.LocalAddr())
 		r.activeConns.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer r.activeConns.Done()
@@ -277,13 +329,24 @@ func (r *Router) Serve(ctx context.Context, ln net.Listener) error {
 	}
 }
 
+// HandleConn lets external accept loops feed a connection through the
+// router's peek-and-dispatch logic. Use this when the same router serves
+// a secondary listener (for example, a per-account inbound :80 socket
+// alongside its :443 socket).
+func (r *Router) HandleConn(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
+	r.activeConns.Add(1)
+	defer r.activeConns.Done()
+	r.handleConn(ctx, conn)
+}
+
 // handleConn peeks at the TLS ClientHello and routes the connection.
 func (r *Router) handleConn(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
 	// Fast path: when no SNI routes and no HTTP channel exist (pure TCP
 	// fallback port), skip the TLS peek entirely to avoid read errors on
 	// non-TLS connections and reduce latency.
 	if r.isFallbackOnly() {
-		r.handleUnmatched(ctx, conn)
+		r.logger.Debugf("SNI router fallback-only mode for conn from %s; skipping ClientHello peek", conn.RemoteAddr())
+		r.handleUnmatched(ctx, conn, false)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -293,11 +356,11 @@ func (r *Router) handleConn(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
+	sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(conn)
 	if err != nil {
-		r.logger.Debugf("SNI peek: %v", err)
+		r.logger.Debugf("SNI peek failed for conn from %s: %v", conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
 		if wrapped != nil {
-			r.handleUnmatched(ctx, wrapped)
+			r.handleUnmatched(ctx, wrapped, isTLS)
 		} else {
 			_ = conn.Close()
 		}
@@ -312,13 +375,20 @@ func (r *Router) handleConn(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
 
 	host := SNIHost(strings.ToLower(sni))
 	route, ok := r.lookupRoute(host)
+	r.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"remote": wrapped.RemoteAddr().String(),
+		"sni":    string(host),
+		"match":  ok,
+		"tls":    isTLS,
+	}).Debug("SNI route lookup")
 	if !ok {
-		r.handleUnmatched(ctx, wrapped)
+		r.handleUnmatched(ctx, wrapped, isTLS)
 		return
 	}
 
 	if route.Type == RouteHTTP {
-		r.sendToHTTP(wrapped)
+		r.logger.Debugf("SNI %q routed to HTTP handler (service_id=%s)", host, route.ServiceID)
+		r.sendToHTTP(wrapped, isTLS)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -343,15 +413,17 @@ func (r *Router) isFallbackOnly() bool {
 }
 
 // handleUnmatched routes a connection that didn't match any SNI route.
-// This includes ECH/ESNI connections where the cleartext SNI is empty.
+// This includes ECH/ESNI connections where the cleartext SNI is empty,
+// and plain (non-TLS) HTTP connections when isTLS is false.
 // It tries the fallback relay first, then the HTTP channel, and closes
 // the connection if neither is available.
-func (r *Router) handleUnmatched(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
+func (r *Router) handleUnmatched(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, isTLS bool) {
 	r.mu.RLock()
 	fb := r.fallback
 	r.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if fb != nil {
+		r.logger.Debugf("unmatched conn from %s relayed to TCP fallback (service_id=%s, target=%s)", conn.RemoteAddr(), fb.ServiceID, fb.Target)
 		if err := r.relayTCP(ctx, conn, SNIHost("fallback"), *fb); err != nil {
 			if !errors.Is(err, errAccessRestricted) {
 				r.logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
@@ -363,7 +435,8 @@ func (r *Router) handleUnmatched(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
 		}
 		return
 	}
-	r.sendToHTTP(conn)
+	r.logger.Debugf("unmatched conn from %s sent to HTTP channel (no TCP fallback configured)", conn.RemoteAddr())
+	r.sendToHTTP(conn, isTLS)
 }
 
 // lookupRoute returns the highest-priority route for the given SNI host.
@@ -385,10 +458,20 @@ func (r *Router) lookupRoute(host SNIHost) (Route, bool) {
 }
 
 // sendToHTTP feeds the connection to the HTTP handler via the channel.
-// If no HTTP channel is configured (port router), the router is
-// draining, or the channel is full, the connection is closed.
-func (r *Router) sendToHTTP(conn net.Conn) {
-	if r.httpCh == nil {
+// When isTLS is false and a plain channel is configured the connection
+// is forwarded to the plain channel; otherwise it lands on the TLS
+// channel. If no usable channel exists, the router is draining, or the
+// channel is full, the connection is closed.
+func (r *Router) sendToHTTP(conn net.Conn, isTLS bool) {
+	ch := r.httpCh
+	chanName := "HTTP"
+	if !isTLS && r.httpPlainCh != nil {
+		ch = r.httpPlainCh
+		chanName = "HTTP-plain"
+	}
+
+	if ch == nil {
+		r.logger.Debugf("%s channel nil; dropping conn from %s", chanName, conn.RemoteAddr())
 		_ = conn.Close()
 		return
 	}
@@ -398,14 +481,15 @@ func (r *Router) sendToHTTP(conn net.Conn) {
 	r.mu.RUnlock()
 
 	if draining {
+		r.logger.Debugf("router draining; dropping conn from %s", conn.RemoteAddr())
 		_ = conn.Close()
 		return
 	}
 
 	select {
-	case r.httpCh <- conn:
+	case ch <- conn:
 	default:
-		r.logger.Warnf("HTTP channel full, dropping connection from %s", conn.RemoteAddr())
+		r.logger.Warnf("%s channel full, dropping connection from %s", chanName, conn.RemoteAddr())
 		_ = conn.Close()
 	}
 }
@@ -528,11 +612,14 @@ func (r *Router) relayTCP(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, sni SNIHost, route
 
 	idleTimeout := route.SessionIdleTimeout
 	if idleTimeout <= 0 {
-		idleTimeout = DefaultIdleTimeout
+		idleTimeout = netrelay.DefaultIdleTimeout
 	}
 
 	start := time.Now()
-	s2d, d2s := Relay(svcCtx, entry, conn, backend, idleTimeout)
+	s2d, d2s := netrelay.Relay(svcCtx, conn, backend, netrelay.Options{
+		IdleTimeout: idleTimeout,
+		Logger:      entry,
+	})
 	elapsed := time.Since(start)
 
 	if obs != nil {
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/router_test.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/router_test.go
index 93b6560f4..8be617dff 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/router_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/router_test.go
@@ -1739,3 +1739,229 @@ func TestCheckRestrictions_IPv4MappedIPv6(t *testing.T) {
 	connOutside := &fakeConn{remote: fakeAddr("[::ffff:192.168.1.1]:5678")}
 	assert.NotEqual(t, restrict.Allow, router.checkRestrictions(connOutside, route), "::ffff:192.168.1.1 not in v4 CIDR")
 }
+
+// TestRouter_PlainHTTP_RoutesToPlainChannel verifies that a plain (non-TLS)
+// connection lands on the plain HTTP channel when the router was built
+// with WithPlainHTTP, leaving the TLS channel untouched.
+func TestRouter_PlainHTTP_RoutesToPlainChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.StandardLogger()
+	addr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 443}
+
+	router := NewRouter(logger, nil, addr, WithPlainHTTP(addr))
+	router.AddRoute("example.com", Route{Type: RouteHTTP})
+
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "test listener bind must succeed")
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() {
+		_ = router.Serve(ctx, ln)
+	}()
+
+	// Plain HTTP request (no TLS handshake byte).
+	go func() {
+		conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", ln.Addr().String(), 2*time.Second)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		_, _ = conn.Write([]byte("GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n"))
+	}()
+
+	plainListener := router.HTTPListenerPlain()
+	require.NotNil(t, plainListener, "plain listener must be exposed when WithPlainHTTP is set")
+
+	acceptDone := make(chan net.Conn, 1)
+	go func() {
+		conn, err := plainListener.Accept()
+		if err == nil {
+			acceptDone <- conn
+		}
+	}()
+
+	tlsListener, ok := router.HTTPListener().(*chanListener)
+	require.True(t, ok, "router.HTTPListener() must be the test's chanListener; the test relies on observing its channel directly")
+
+	select {
+	case conn := <-acceptDone:
+		require.NotNil(t, conn)
+		_ = conn.Close()
+	case <-tlsListener.ch:
+		t.Fatal("plain HTTP request leaked into TLS channel")
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("plain HTTP connection never reached plain channel")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRouter_TLS_StaysOnTLSChannel_WhenPlainEnabled verifies that the
+// presence of a plain channel does not divert TLS traffic — TLS still
+// goes to the TLS channel as before.
+func TestRouter_TLS_StaysOnTLSChannel_WhenPlainEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.StandardLogger()
+	addr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 443}
+
+	router := NewRouter(logger, nil, addr, WithPlainHTTP(addr))
+	router.AddRoute("example.com", Route{Type: RouteHTTP})
+
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "test listener bind must succeed")
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() { _ = router.Serve(ctx, ln) }()
+
+	// Send a TLS ClientHello.
+	go func() {
+		conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", ln.Addr().String(), 2*time.Second)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		tlsConn := tls.Client(conn, &tls.Config{
+			ServerName:         "example.com",
+			InsecureSkipVerify: true, //nolint:gosec
+		})
+		_ = tlsConn.Handshake()
+		_ = tlsConn.Close()
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case conn := <-router.httpCh:
+		require.NotNil(t, conn, "TLS conn should land on the TLS channel")
+		_ = conn.Close()
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("TLS conn never reached the TLS channel")
+	}
+}
+
+// scriptedAcceptListener is a net.Listener whose Accept() returns
+// pre-scripted errors. Used by the accept-loop exit tests to simulate
+// the failure mode that triggers the tight-loop bug: a netstack
+// listener whose endpoint has been destroyed and now returns the gVisor
+// "endpoint is in invalid state" error from every Accept call.
+type scriptedAcceptListener struct {
+	errs   chan error
+	closed chan struct{}
+}
+
+func newScriptedAcceptListener(errs ...error) *scriptedAcceptListener {
+	s := &scriptedAcceptListener{
+		errs:   make(chan error, len(errs)+1),
+		closed: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	for _, e := range errs {
+		s.errs <- e
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func (s *scriptedAcceptListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) {
+	select {
+	case <-s.closed:
+		return nil, net.ErrClosed
+	case err := <-s.errs:
+		return nil, err
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *scriptedAcceptListener) Close() error {
+	select {
+	case <-s.closed:
+	default:
+		close(s.closed)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *scriptedAcceptListener) Addr() net.Addr {
+	return &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0}
+}
+
+// TestRouter_Serve_ExitsOnGVisorInvalidEndpoint is the regression guard
+// for the tight-loop bug: when the underlying netstack endpoint is
+// destroyed, Accept returns "endpoint is in invalid state" forever. The
+// loop must recognise that signal and return, otherwise it pegs a CPU
+// core and floods logs.
+func TestRouter_Serve_ExitsOnGVisorInvalidEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.StandardLogger()
+	addr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 443}
+	router := NewRouter(logger, nil, addr)
+
+	gvisorErr := &net.OpError{
+		Op:   "accept",
+		Net:  "tcp",
+		Addr: addr,
+		Err:  errSentinel("endpoint is in invalid state"),
+	}
+	ln := newScriptedAcceptListener(gvisorErr)
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		done <- router.Serve(context.Background(), ln)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "Serve must return cleanly on a recognised closed-listener error")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Serve did not exit on gVisor 'endpoint is in invalid state' — accept loop is spinning")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRouter_Serve_BacksOffOnTransientError verifies the defence-in-
+// depth path: when Accept returns an unknown transient error, the loop
+// MUST not spin. It backs off, then exits cleanly once ctx is cancelled.
+// "Bounded call count" stands in for "no CPU spin" — without backoff
+// the goroutine would issue thousands of Accept calls in this window.
+func TestRouter_Serve_BacksOffOnTransientError(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.StandardLogger()
+	addr := &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 443}
+	router := NewRouter(logger, nil, addr)
+
+	const transientErrCount = 5
+	errs := make([]error, transientErrCount)
+	for i := range errs {
+		errs[i] = errSentinel("transient: too many open files")
+	}
+	ln := newScriptedAcceptListener(errs...)
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	start := time.Now()
+	go func() {
+		done <- router.Serve(ctx, ln)
+	}()
+
+	// Cancel after enough time for the backoff to climb (5ms + 10ms +
+	// 20ms + 40ms = 75ms minimum), but short enough that a spinning
+	// loop would have made thousands of calls by now.
+	time.AfterFunc(150*time.Millisecond, cancel)
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "Serve must return cleanly on ctx cancellation")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Serve did not exit on ctx cancellation — backoff or exit path broken")
+	}
+
+	// Without backoff the loop would burn through all 5 scripted errors
+	// in microseconds and then block on the channel. With backoff the
+	// total wall time should be at least 5ms (the first backoff).
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, minAcceptDelay,
+		"loop ran without backing off — would burn CPU in production")
+}
+
+// errSentinel mirrors gVisor's tcpip error message exactly. We can't
+// import the gVisor package without dragging in the whole netstack, so
+// the test uses the canonical string the production error formatter
+// emits — same shape IsClosedListenerErr matches in production.
+type errSentinel string
+
+func (e errSentinel) Error() string { return string(e) }
+
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek.go
index 25ab8e5ef..dc3c96498 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek.go
@@ -30,26 +30,30 @@ const (
 // bytes transparently. If the data is not a valid TLS ClientHello or
 // contains no SNI extension, sni is empty and err is nil.
 //
+// isTLS reports whether the first byte indicated a TLS handshake record.
+// Callers can use this to distinguish plain (non-TLS) traffic from a TLS
+// stream that simply lacked an SNI extension or used ECH.
+//
 // ECH/ESNI: When the client uses Encrypted Client Hello (TLS 1.3), the
 // real server name is encrypted inside the encrypted_client_hello
 // extension. This parser only reads the cleartext server_name extension
 // (type 0x0000), so ECH connections return sni="" and are routed through
 // the fallback path (or HTTP channel), which is the correct behavior
 // for a transparent proxy that does not terminate TLS.
-func PeekClientHello(conn net.Conn) (sni string, wrapped net.Conn, err error) {
+func PeekClientHello(conn net.Conn) (sni string, wrapped net.Conn, isTLS bool, err error) {
 	// Read the 5-byte TLS record header into a small stack-friendly buffer.
 	var header [tlsRecordHeaderLen]byte
 	if _, err := io.ReadFull(conn, header[:]); err != nil {
-		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("read TLS record header: %w", err)
+		return "", nil, false, fmt.Errorf("read TLS record header: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if header[0] != contentTypeHandshake {
-		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, header[:]), nil
+		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, header[:]), false, nil
 	}
 
 	recordLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(header[3:5]))
 	if recordLen == 0 || recordLen > maxClientHelloLen {
-		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, header[:]), nil
+		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, header[:]), true, nil
 	}
 
 	// Single allocation for header + payload. The peekedConn takes
@@ -59,11 +63,11 @@ func PeekClientHello(conn net.Conn) (sni string, wrapped net.Conn, err error) {
 
 	n, err := io.ReadFull(conn, buf[tlsRecordHeaderLen:])
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, buf[:tlsRecordHeaderLen+n]), fmt.Errorf("read TLS handshake payload: %w", err)
+		return "", newPeekedConn(conn, buf[:tlsRecordHeaderLen+n]), true, fmt.Errorf("read TLS handshake payload: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	sni = extractSNI(buf[tlsRecordHeaderLen:])
-	return sni, newPeekedConn(conn, buf), nil
+	return sni, newPeekedConn(conn, buf), true, nil
 }
 
 // extractSNI parses a TLS handshake payload to find the SNI extension.
diff --git a/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek_test.go b/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek_test.go
index 9afe6261d..85dee15c1 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek_test.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/tcp/snipeek_test.go
@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_ValidSNI(t *testing.T) {
 		_ = tlsConn.Handshake()
 	}()
 
-	sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, expectedSNI, sni, "should extract SNI from ClientHello")
 	assert.NotNil(t, wrapped, "wrapped connection should not be nil")
+	assert.True(t, isTLS, "TLS ClientHello should be flagged as TLS")
 
 	// Verify the wrapped connection replays the peeked bytes.
 	// Read the first 5 bytes (TLS record header) to confirm replay.
@@ -83,10 +84,11 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_MultipleSNIs(t *testing.T) {
 				_ = tlsConn.Handshake()
 			}()
 
-			sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+			sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedSNI, sni)
 			assert.NotNil(t, wrapped)
+			assert.True(t, isTLS, "TLS handshake should be flagged as TLS")
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -102,10 +104,11 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_NonTLSData(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = clientConn.Write(httpData)
 	}()
 
-	sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Empty(t, sni, "should return empty SNI for non-TLS data")
 	assert.NotNil(t, wrapped)
+	assert.False(t, isTLS, "plain HTTP data should not be flagged as TLS")
 
 	// Verify the wrapped connection still provides the original data.
 	buf := make([]byte, len(httpData))
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_TruncatedHeader(t *testing.T) {
 		clientConn.Close()
 	}()
 
-	_, _, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	_, _, _, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	assert.Error(t, err, "should error on truncated header")
 }
 
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_TruncatedPayload(t *testing.T) {
 		clientConn.Close()
 	}()
 
-	_, _, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	_, _, _, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	assert.Error(t, err, "should error on truncated payload")
 }
 
@@ -154,10 +157,11 @@ func TestPeekClientHello_ZeroLengthRecord(t *testing.T) {
 		_, _ = clientConn.Write([]byte{0x16, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00})
 	}()
 
-	sni, wrapped, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
+	sni, wrapped, isTLS, err := PeekClientHello(serverConn)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Empty(t, sni)
 	assert.NotNil(t, wrapped)
+	assert.True(t, isTLS, "zero-length record should still be a TLS handshake byte")
 }
 
 func TestExtractSNI_InvalidPayload(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/proxy/internal/types/types.go b/proxy/internal/types/types.go
index bf3731803..ffdbf2301 100644
--- a/proxy/internal/types/types.go
+++ b/proxy/internal/types/types.go
@@ -54,3 +54,23 @@ func DialTimeoutFromContext(ctx context.Context) (time.Duration, bool) {
 	d, ok := ctx.Value(dialTimeoutKey{}).(time.Duration)
 	return d, ok && d > 0
 }
+
+// overlayOriginKey is the context key set by per-account inbound
+// listeners to mark a request as originating from the WireGuard
+// overlay rather than the public-facing host listener.
+type overlayOriginKey struct{}
+
+// WithOverlayOrigin marks the context as originating from the
+// embedded NetBird overlay (tunnel-side inbound listener).
+func WithOverlayOrigin(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, overlayOriginKey{}, true)
+}
+
+// IsOverlayOrigin reports whether the request reached the proxy via
+// the overlay listener. Middlewares that only make sense for WAN
+// traffic (geolocation, CrowdSec IP reputation) should short-circuit
+// when this is true.
+func IsOverlayOrigin(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	v, _ := ctx.Value(overlayOriginKey{}).(bool)
+	return v
+}
diff --git a/proxy/lifecycle.go b/proxy/lifecycle.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f8c74d8b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/lifecycle.go
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/acme"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
+)
+
+// Config bundles every knob the proxy reads at construction time. It mirrors
+// the public fields on Server so library callers don't have to learn the
+// internal struct layout. Zero values mean "feature off" or "fall back to the
+// internal default" depending on the field — see the per-field doc.
+//
+// The standalone binary continues to populate Server fields directly, so
+// adding fields here must not change the zero-value behaviour of Server.
+type Config struct {
+	// ListenAddr is the TCP address the main listener binds. Required.
+	ListenAddr string
+	// ID identifies this proxy instance to management. Empty values are
+	// replaced with a timestamped default at Server.Start time (see
+	// initDefaults), not in New.
+	ID string
+	// Logger is the logrus logger used everywhere. Empty values fall
+	// back to log.StandardLogger() at Server.Start time (see
+	// initDefaults), not in New.
+	Logger *log.Logger
+	// Version is the build version string reported to management. Empty
+	// values are replaced with "dev" at Server.Start time (see
+	// initDefaults), not in New.
+	Version string
+	// ProxyURL is the public address operators use to reach this proxy.
+	ProxyURL string
+	// ManagementAddress is the gRPC URL of the management server.
+	ManagementAddress string
+	// ProxyToken authenticates this proxy with the management server.
+	ProxyToken string
+
+	// CertificateDirectory is the directory holding TLS certificate
+	// material (static or ACME-provisioned).
+	CertificateDirectory string
+	// CertificateFile is the certificate filename within
+	// CertificateDirectory.
+	CertificateFile string
+	// CertificateKeyFile is the private key filename within
+	// CertificateDirectory.
+	CertificateKeyFile string
+	// GenerateACMECertificates toggles ACME certificate provisioning.
+	GenerateACMECertificates bool
+	// ACMEChallengeAddress is the listen address for HTTP-01 challenges.
+	ACMEChallengeAddress string
+	// ACMEDirectory is the ACME directory URL (Let's Encrypt by default).
+	ACMEDirectory string
+	// ACMEEABKID is the External Account Binding Key ID for CAs that
+	// require EAB (e.g. ZeroSSL).
+	ACMEEABKID string
+	// ACMEEABHMACKey is the External Account Binding HMAC key for CAs
+	// that require EAB.
+	ACMEEABHMACKey string
+	// ACMEChallengeType is the ACME challenge type ("tls-alpn-01" or
+	// "http-01"). Empty defaults to "tls-alpn-01".
+	ACMEChallengeType string
+	// CertLockMethod controls how ACME certificate locks are coordinated
+	// across replicas.
+	CertLockMethod acme.CertLockMethod
+	// WildcardCertDir is an optional directory containing static wildcard
+	// certificates that override ACME for matching domains.
+	WildcardCertDir string
+
+	// DebugEndpointEnabled toggles the debug HTTP endpoint.
+	DebugEndpointEnabled bool
+	// DebugEndpointAddress is the bind address for the debug endpoint.
+	DebugEndpointAddress string
+	// HealthAddr is the bind address for the health probe and metrics
+	// surface. Empty disables the health probe entirely (library callers
+	// can attach their own).
+	HealthAddr string
+
+	// ForwardedProto overrides the X-Forwarded-Proto value sent to
+	// backends. Valid values: "auto", "http", "https".
+	ForwardedProto string
+	// TrustedProxies is the set of trusted upstream proxies that may set
+	// forwarding headers.
+	TrustedProxies *trustedproxy.List
+	// WireguardPort is the UDP port for the embedded NetBird tunnel.
+	// Zero asks the OS for a random port.
+	WireguardPort uint16
+	// ProxyProtocol enables PROXY protocol (v1/v2) on TCP listeners.
+	ProxyProtocol bool
+	// PreSharedKey is the WireGuard pre-shared key used between the
+	// proxy's embedded clients and peers.
+	PreSharedKey string
+	// Performance configures the tunnel pool/batch sizes for every
+	// embedded client this proxy creates. Zero values fall back to
+	// upstream defaults.
+	Performance embed.Performance
+
+	// SupportsCustomPorts indicates whether the proxy can bind arbitrary
+	// ports for TCP/UDP/TLS services.
+	SupportsCustomPorts bool
+	// RequireSubdomain forces accounts to use a subdomain in front of
+	// the proxy's cluster domain.
+	RequireSubdomain bool
+	// Private flags this proxy as embedded in a netbird client and
+	// serving exclusively over the WireGuard tunnel. Also enables
+	// per-account inbound listeners on each embedded client's netstack.
+	Private bool
+
+	// MaxDialTimeout caps the per-service backend dial timeout.
+	MaxDialTimeout time.Duration
+	// MaxSessionIdleTimeout caps the per-service session idle timeout.
+	MaxSessionIdleTimeout time.Duration
+	// MappingBatchWatchdog bounds how long a single mapping batch may spend
+	// being applied before the receive loop reconnects to resync. Zero falls
+	// back to the internal default.
+	MappingBatchWatchdog time.Duration
+
+	// GeoDataDir is the directory containing GeoLite2 MMDB files.
+	GeoDataDir string
+	// CrowdSecAPIURL is the CrowdSec LAPI URL. Empty disables CrowdSec.
+	CrowdSecAPIURL string
+	// CrowdSecAPIKey is the CrowdSec bouncer API key. Empty disables
+	// CrowdSec.
+	CrowdSecAPIKey string
+}
+
+// New builds a Server from cfg without performing any I/O. No goroutines
+// are spawned, no network connections are dialed, and no listeners are
+// bound — call Start to bring the proxy up. Returning a fully-formed
+// Server keeps the standalone code path (which still constructs Server
+// directly) byte-for-byte equivalent.
+func New(ctx context.Context, cfg Config) *Server {
+	return &Server{
+		ctx:                      ctx,
+		ListenAddr:               cfg.ListenAddr,
+		ID:                       cfg.ID,
+		Logger:                   cfg.Logger,
+		Version:                  cfg.Version,
+		ProxyURL:                 cfg.ProxyURL,
+		ManagementAddress:        cfg.ManagementAddress,
+		ProxyToken:               cfg.ProxyToken,
+		CertificateDirectory:     cfg.CertificateDirectory,
+		CertificateFile:          cfg.CertificateFile,
+		CertificateKeyFile:       cfg.CertificateKeyFile,
+		GenerateACMECertificates: cfg.GenerateACMECertificates,
+		ACMEChallengeAddress:     cfg.ACMEChallengeAddress,
+		ACMEDirectory:            cfg.ACMEDirectory,
+		ACMEEABKID:               cfg.ACMEEABKID,
+		ACMEEABHMACKey:           cfg.ACMEEABHMACKey,
+		ACMEChallengeType:        cfg.ACMEChallengeType,
+		CertLockMethod:           cfg.CertLockMethod,
+		WildcardCertDir:          cfg.WildcardCertDir,
+		DebugEndpointEnabled:     cfg.DebugEndpointEnabled,
+		DebugEndpointAddress:     cfg.DebugEndpointAddress,
+		HealthAddress:            cfg.HealthAddr,
+		ForwardedProto:           cfg.ForwardedProto,
+		TrustedProxies:           cfg.TrustedProxies,
+		WireguardPort:            cfg.WireguardPort,
+		ProxyProtocol:            cfg.ProxyProtocol,
+		PreSharedKey:             cfg.PreSharedKey,
+		Performance:              cfg.Performance,
+		SupportsCustomPorts:      cfg.SupportsCustomPorts,
+		RequireSubdomain:         cfg.RequireSubdomain,
+		Private:                  cfg.Private,
+		MaxDialTimeout:           cfg.MaxDialTimeout,
+		MaxSessionIdleTimeout:    cfg.MaxSessionIdleTimeout,
+		MappingBatchWatchdog:     cfg.MappingBatchWatchdog,
+		GeoDataDir:               cfg.GeoDataDir,
+		CrowdSecAPIURL:           cfg.CrowdSecAPIURL,
+		CrowdSecAPIKey:           cfg.CrowdSecAPIKey,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/management_byop_integration_test.go b/proxy/management_byop_integration_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d075e47ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/management_byop_integration_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ed25519"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	proxymanager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/proxy/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	nbcache "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/cache"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/store"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/users"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+type byopTestSetup struct {
+	store        store.Store
+	proxyService *nbgrpc.ProxyServiceServer
+	grpcServer   *grpc.Server
+	grpcAddr     string
+	cleanup      func()
+
+	accountA        string
+	accountB        string
+	accountAToken   types.PlainProxyToken
+	accountBToken   types.PlainProxyToken
+	accountACluster string
+	accountBCluster string
+}
+
+func setupBYOPIntegrationTest(t *testing.T) *byopTestSetup {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	testStore, storeCleanup, err := store.NewTestStoreFromSQL(ctx, "", t.TempDir())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	accountAID := "byop-account-a"
+	accountBID := "byop-account-b"
+
+	for _, acc := range []*types.Account{
+		{Id: accountAID, Domain: "a.test.com", DomainCategory: "private", IsDomainPrimaryAccount: true, CreatedAt: time.Now()},
+		{Id: accountBID, Domain: "b.test.com", DomainCategory: "private", IsDomainPrimaryAccount: true, CreatedAt: time.Now()},
+	} {
+		require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveAccount(ctx, acc))
+	}
+
+	pub, priv, err := ed25519.GenerateKey(rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	pubKey := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(pub)
+	privKey := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(priv)
+
+	clusterA := "byop-a.proxy.test"
+	clusterB := "byop-b.proxy.test"
+
+	services := []*service.Service{
+		{
+			ID: "svc-a1", AccountID: accountAID, Name: "App A1",
+			Domain: "app1." + clusterA, ProxyCluster: clusterA, Enabled: true,
+			SessionPrivateKey: privKey, SessionPublicKey: pubKey,
+			Targets: []*service.Target{{Path: strPtr("/"), Host: "10.0.0.1", Port: 8080, Protocol: "http", TargetId: "peer-a1", TargetType: "peer", Enabled: true}},
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "svc-a2", AccountID: accountAID, Name: "App A2",
+			Domain: "app2." + clusterA, ProxyCluster: clusterA, Enabled: true,
+			SessionPrivateKey: privKey, SessionPublicKey: pubKey,
+			Targets: []*service.Target{{Path: strPtr("/"), Host: "10.0.0.2", Port: 8080, Protocol: "http", TargetId: "peer-a2", TargetType: "peer", Enabled: true}},
+		},
+		{
+			ID: "svc-b1", AccountID: accountBID, Name: "App B1",
+			Domain: "app1." + clusterB, ProxyCluster: clusterB, Enabled: true,
+			SessionPrivateKey: privKey, SessionPublicKey: pubKey,
+			Targets: []*service.Target{{Path: strPtr("/"), Host: "10.0.0.3", Port: 8080, Protocol: "http", TargetId: "peer-b1", TargetType: "peer", Enabled: true}},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, svc := range services {
+		require.NoError(t, testStore.CreateService(ctx, svc))
+	}
+
+	tokenA, err := types.CreateNewProxyAccessToken("byop-token-a", 0, &accountAID, "admin-a")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx, &tokenA.ProxyAccessToken))
+
+	tokenB, err := types.CreateNewProxyAccessToken("byop-token-b", 0, &accountBID, "admin-b")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, testStore.SaveProxyAccessToken(ctx, &tokenB.ProxyAccessToken))
+
+	cacheStore, err := nbcache.NewStore(ctx, 30*time.Minute, 10*time.Minute, 100)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tokenStore := nbgrpc.NewOneTimeTokenStore(ctx, cacheStore)
+	pkceStore := nbgrpc.NewPKCEVerifierStore(ctx, cacheStore)
+
+	meter := noop.NewMeterProvider().Meter("test")
+	realProxyManager, err := proxymanager.NewManager(testStore, meter)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	oidcConfig := nbgrpc.ProxyOIDCConfig{
+		Issuer:   "https://fake-issuer.example.com",
+		ClientID: "test-client",
+		HMACKey:  []byte("test-hmac-key"),
+	}
+
+	usersManager := users.NewManager(testStore)
+
+	proxyService := nbgrpc.NewProxyServiceServer(
+		&testAccessLogManager{},
+		tokenStore,
+		pkceStore,
+		oidcConfig,
+		nil,
+		usersManager,
+		nil,
+		realProxyManager,
+		nil,
+	)
+
+	svcMgr := &storeBackedServiceManager{store: testStore, tokenStore: tokenStore}
+	proxyService.SetServiceManager(svcMgr)
+
+	proxyController := &testProxyController{}
+	proxyService.SetProxyController(proxyController)
+
+	_, streamInterceptor, authClose := nbgrpc.NewProxyAuthInterceptors(testStore)
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	grpcServer := grpc.NewServer(grpc.StreamInterceptor(streamInterceptor))
+	proto.RegisterProxyServiceServer(grpcServer, proxyService)
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := grpcServer.Serve(lis); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("gRPC server error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return &byopTestSetup{
+		store:        testStore,
+		proxyService: proxyService,
+		grpcServer:   grpcServer,
+		grpcAddr:     lis.Addr().String(),
+		cleanup: func() {
+			grpcServer.GracefulStop()
+			authClose()
+			storeCleanup()
+		},
+		accountA:        accountAID,
+		accountB:        accountBID,
+		accountAToken:   tokenA.PlainToken,
+		accountBToken:   tokenB.PlainToken,
+		accountACluster: clusterA,
+		accountBCluster: clusterB,
+	}
+}
+
+func byopContext(ctx context.Context, token types.PlainProxyToken) context.Context {
+	md := metadata.Pairs("authorization", "Bearer "+string(token))
+	return metadata.NewOutgoingContext(ctx, md)
+}
+
+func receiveBYOPMappings(t *testing.T, stream proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+	t.Helper()
+	var mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
+	for {
+		msg, err := stream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		mappings = append(mappings, msg.GetMapping()...)
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return mappings
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_BYOPProxy_ReceivesOnlyAccountServices(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupBYOPIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(byopContext(context.Background(), setup.accountAToken), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "byop-proxy-a",
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: setup.accountACluster,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mappings := receiveBYOPMappings(t, stream)
+
+	assert.Len(t, mappings, 2, "BYOP proxy should receive only account A's 2 services")
+	for _, m := range mappings {
+		assert.Equal(t, setup.accountA, m.GetAccountId(), "all mappings should belong to account A")
+		t.Logf("received mapping: id=%s domain=%s account=%s", m.GetId(), m.GetDomain(), m.GetAccountId())
+	}
+
+	ids := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, m := range mappings {
+		ids[m.GetId()] = true
+	}
+	assert.True(t, ids["svc-a1"], "should contain svc-a1")
+	assert.True(t, ids["svc-a2"], "should contain svc-a2")
+	assert.False(t, ids["svc-b1"], "should NOT contain account B's svc-b1")
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_BYOPProxy_AccountBReceivesOnlyItsServices(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupBYOPIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(byopContext(context.Background(), setup.accountBToken), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "byop-proxy-b",
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: setup.accountBCluster,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mappings := receiveBYOPMappings(t, stream)
+
+	assert.Len(t, mappings, 1, "BYOP proxy B should receive only 1 service")
+	assert.Equal(t, "svc-b1", mappings[0].GetId())
+	assert.Equal(t, setup.accountB, mappings[0].GetAccountId())
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_BYOPProxy_MultiplePerAccount(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupBYOPIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx1, cancel1 := context.WithTimeout(byopContext(context.Background(), setup.accountAToken), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel1()
+
+	stream1, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx1, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "byop-proxy-a-first",
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: setup.accountACluster,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mappings1 := receiveBYOPMappings(t, stream1)
+	assert.Len(t, mappings1, 2, "first BYOP proxy should receive account A's 2 services")
+
+	ctx2, cancel2 := context.WithTimeout(byopContext(context.Background(), setup.accountAToken), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel2()
+
+	stream2, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx2, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "byop-proxy-a-second",
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: setup.accountACluster,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mappings2 := receiveBYOPMappings(t, stream2)
+	assert.Len(t, mappings2, 2, "second BYOP proxy from same account should also receive the 2 services")
+	for _, m := range mappings2 {
+		assert.Equal(t, setup.accountA, m.GetAccountId())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_BYOPProxy_ClusterAddressConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupBYOPIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx1, cancel1 := context.WithTimeout(byopContext(context.Background(), setup.accountAToken), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel1()
+
+	stream1, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx1, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "byop-proxy-a-cluster",
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: setup.accountACluster,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_ = receiveBYOPMappings(t, stream1)
+
+	ctx2, cancel2 := context.WithTimeout(byopContext(context.Background(), setup.accountBToken), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel2()
+
+	stream2, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx2, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "byop-proxy-b-conflict",
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: setup.accountACluster,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = stream2.Recv()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.AlreadyExists, st.Code(), "cluster address conflict should return AlreadyExists")
+	t.Logf("expected rejection: %s", st.Message())
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_BYOPProxy_SameProxyReconnects(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupBYOPIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	proxyID := "byop-proxy-reconnect"
+
+	ctx1, cancel1 := context.WithTimeout(byopContext(context.Background(), setup.accountAToken), 5*time.Second)
+	stream1, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx1, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: proxyID,
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: setup.accountACluster,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	firstMappings := receiveBYOPMappings(t, stream1)
+	cancel1()
+
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	ctx2, cancel2 := context.WithTimeout(byopContext(context.Background(), setup.accountAToken), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel2()
+
+	stream2, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx2, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: proxyID,
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: setup.accountACluster,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	secondMappings := receiveBYOPMappings(t, stream2)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, len(firstMappings), len(secondMappings), "reconnect should receive same mappings")
+
+	firstIDs := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, m := range firstMappings {
+		firstIDs[m.GetId()] = true
+	}
+	for _, m := range secondMappings {
+		assert.True(t, firstIDs[m.GetId()], "mapping %s should be present on reconnect", m.GetId())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_BYOPProxy_UnauthenticatedRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupBYOPIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "no-auth-proxy",
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: "some.cluster.io",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = stream.Recv()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.Unauthenticated, st.Code())
+}
diff --git a/proxy/management_integration_test.go b/proxy/management_integration_test.go
index 4b1ecf922..df016e790 100644
--- a/proxy/management_integration_test.go
+++ b/proxy/management_integration_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -139,7 +140,9 @@ func setupIntegrationTest(t *testing.T) *integrationTestSetup {
 		oidcConfig,
 		nil,
 		usersManager,
+		nil,
 		proxyManager,
+		nil,
 	)
 
 	// Use store-backed service manager
@@ -201,15 +204,15 @@ func (m *testAccessLogManager) GetAllAccessLogs(_ context.Context, _, _ string,
 // testProxyManager is a mock implementation of proxy.Manager for testing.
 type testProxyManager struct{}
 
-func (m *testProxyManager) Connect(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string, _ *nbproxy.Capabilities) error {
+func (m *testProxyManager) Connect(_ context.Context, proxyID, sessionID, _, _ string, _ *string, _ *nbproxy.Capabilities) (*nbproxy.Proxy, error) {
+	return &nbproxy.Proxy{ID: proxyID, SessionID: sessionID, Status: nbproxy.StatusConnected}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *testProxyManager) Disconnect(_ context.Context, _, _ string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *testProxyManager) Disconnect(_ context.Context, _ string) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *testProxyManager) Heartbeat(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error {
+func (m *testProxyManager) Heartbeat(_ context.Context, _ *nbproxy.Proxy) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -217,6 +220,10 @@ func (m *testProxyManager) GetActiveClusterAddresses(_ context.Context) ([]strin
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
+func (m *testProxyManager) GetActiveClusterAddressesForAccount(_ context.Context, _ string) ([]string, error) {
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
 func (m *testProxyManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context) ([]nbproxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
@@ -233,10 +240,30 @@ func (m *testProxyManager) ClusterSupportsCrowdSec(_ context.Context, _ string)
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *testProxyManager) ClusterSupportsPrivate(_ context.Context, _ string) *bool {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *testProxyManager) CleanupStale(_ context.Context, _ time.Duration) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *testProxyManager) GetAccountProxy(_ context.Context, accountID string) (*nbproxy.Proxy, error) {
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("proxy not found for account %s", accountID)
+}
+
+func (m *testProxyManager) CountAccountProxies(_ context.Context, _ string) (int64, error) {
+	return 0, nil
+}
+
+func (m *testProxyManager) IsClusterAddressAvailable(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (bool, error) {
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (m *testProxyManager) DeleteAccountCluster(_ context.Context, _, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // testProxyController is a mock implementation of rpservice.ProxyController for testing.
 type testProxyController struct{}
 
@@ -290,6 +317,10 @@ func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) DeleteService(ctx context.Context, accountID
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) DeleteAccountCluster(_ context.Context, _, _, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) SetCertificateIssuedAt(ctx context.Context, accountID, serviceID string) error {
 	return nil
 }
@@ -336,7 +367,11 @@ func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) StopServiceFromPeer(_ context.Context, _, _,
 
 func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) StartExposeReaper(_ context.Context) {}
 
-func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) GetActiveClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]nbproxy.Cluster, error) {
+func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) GetServiceByDomain(ctx context.Context, domain string) (*service.Service, error) {
+	return m.store.GetServiceByDomain(ctx, domain)
+}
+
+func (m *storeBackedServiceManager) GetClusters(_ context.Context, _, _ string) ([]nbproxy.Cluster, error) {
 	return nil, nil
 }
 
@@ -364,14 +399,16 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	// Receive all mappings from the snapshot - server sends each mapping individually
 	mappingsByID := make(map[string]*proto.ProxyMapping)
-	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+	for {
 		msg, err := stream.Recv()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		for _, m := range msg.GetMapping() {
 			mappingsByID[m.GetId()] = m
 		}
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Should receive 2 mappings total
@@ -411,12 +448,14 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_SendsClusterAddress(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	// Receive all mappings - server sends each mapping individually
 	mappings := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, 0)
-	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+	for {
 		msg, err := stream.Recv()
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		mappings = append(mappings, msg.GetMapping()...)
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Should receive the 2 mappings matching the cluster
@@ -440,13 +479,15 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_Reconnect_ReceivesSameConfig(t *testing.T)
 	clusterAddress := "test.proxy.io"
 	proxyID := "test-proxy-reconnect"
 
-	// Helper to receive all mappings from a stream
-	receiveMappings := func(stream proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient, count int) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+	receiveMappings := func(stream proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
 		var mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
-		for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		for {
 			msg, err := stream.Recv()
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			mappings = append(mappings, msg.GetMapping()...)
+			if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+				break
+			}
 		}
 		return mappings
 	}
@@ -460,7 +501,7 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_Reconnect_ReceivesSameConfig(t *testing.T)
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	firstMappings := receiveMappings(stream1, 2)
+	firstMappings := receiveMappings(stream1)
 	cancel1()
 
 	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
@@ -476,7 +517,7 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_Reconnect_ReceivesSameConfig(t *testing.T)
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	secondMappings := receiveMappings(stream2, 2)
+	secondMappings := receiveMappings(stream2)
 
 	// Should receive the same mappings
 	assert.Equal(t, len(firstMappings), len(secondMappings),
@@ -529,6 +570,8 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_ReconnectDoesNotDuplicateState(t *testing.T
 					proxytypes.AccountID(mapping.GetAccountId()),
 					proxytypes.ServiceID(mapping.GetId()),
 					nil,
+					mapping.GetPrivate(),
+					mapping.GetAuth().GetAllowedGroupIds(),
 				)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -542,12 +585,14 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_ReconnectDoesNotDuplicateState(t *testing.T
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Helper to receive and apply all mappings
 	receiveAndApply := func(stream proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient) {
-		for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		for {
 			msg, err := stream.Recv()
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			applyMappings(msg.GetMapping())
+			if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+				break
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -636,12 +681,14 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_MultipleProxiesReceiveUpdates(t *testing.T)
 			})
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			// Receive all mappings - server sends each mapping individually
 			count := 0
-			for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+			for {
 				msg, err := stream.Recv()
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				count += len(msg.GetMapping())
+				if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+					break
+				}
 			}
 
 			mu.Lock()
@@ -656,3 +703,78 @@ func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_MultipleProxiesReceiveUpdates(t *testing.T)
 		assert.Equal(t, 2, count, "Proxy %s should receive 2 mappings", proxyID)
 	}
 }
+
+// TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_FastReconnectDoesNotLoseState verifies that
+// when a proxy reconnects before the old stream's cleanup runs, the new
+// connection is NOT removed by the stale defer.
+func TestIntegration_ProxyConnection_FastReconnectDoesNotLoseState(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	clusterAddress := "test.proxy.io"
+	proxyID := "test-proxy-race"
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx1, cancel1 := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	stream1, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx1, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: proxyID,
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: clusterAddress,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for {
+		msg, err := stream1.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	require.Contains(t, setup.proxyService.GetConnectedProxies(), proxyID,
+		"proxy should be registered after first connection")
+
+	ctx2, cancel2 := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel2()
+
+	stream2, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx2, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: proxyID,
+		Version: "test-v1",
+		Address: clusterAddress,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for {
+		msg, err := stream2.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	cancel1()
+
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, setup.proxyService.GetConnectedProxies(), proxyID,
+		"proxy should still be registered after old connection cleanup — old defer must not remove new connection")
+
+	setup.proxyService.SendServiceUpdate(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{{
+			Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED,
+			Id:        "rp-1",
+			AccountId: "test-account-1",
+			Domain:    "app1.test.proxy.io",
+		}},
+	})
+
+	msg, err := stream2.Recv()
+	require.NoError(t, err, "new stream should still receive updates")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, msg.GetMapping(), "update should contain the mapping")
+	assert.Equal(t, "rp-1", msg.GetMapping()[0].GetId())
+}
diff --git a/proxy/mapping_stall_test.go b/proxy/mapping_stall_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acf313d19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/mapping_stall_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/roundtrip"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// blockingMgmtClient implements roundtrip's managementClient interface.
+// CreateProxyPeer parks until release is closed, signalling entry on entered.
+// This reproduces the confirmed real-world stall: createClientEntry calls
+// CreateProxyPeer synchronously while holding clientsMux, and the proxy's
+// receive loop calls that path synchronously inside processMappings.
+type blockingMgmtClient struct {
+	entered chan struct{}
+	once    sync.Once
+}
+
+func (b *blockingMgmtClient) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, _ *proto.CreateProxyPeerRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse, error) {
+	b.once.Do(func() { close(b.entered) })
+	// Park until the caller's context is cancelled. In production this ctx is
+	// the gRPC mapping-stream context with no per-call timeout, so a slow or
+	// unresponsive CreateProxyPeer parks the receive loop here indefinitely.
+	<-ctx.Done()
+	return nil, ctx.Err()
+}
+
+// gatedMappingStream is a mock GetMappingUpdate client stream that hands out a
+// pre-seeded list of messages, then records how many times Recv advanced. It
+// lets the test observe whether the single-threaded receive loop ever gets
+// past the first (blocking) batch to pull the second message.
+type gatedMappingStream struct {
+	grpc.ClientStream
+	messages []*proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse
+	idx      int32
+}
+
+func (g *gatedMappingStream) Recv() (*proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse, error) {
+	i := int(atomic.LoadInt32(&g.idx))
+	if i >= len(g.messages) {
+		// Block instead of returning EOF so the loop doesn't exit; we only
+		// care whether the loop ever reaches this second Recv at all.
+		select {}
+	}
+	msg := g.messages[i]
+	atomic.AddInt32(&g.idx, 1)
+	return msg, nil
+}
+
+func (g *gatedMappingStream) deliveredCount() int32 { return atomic.LoadInt32(&g.idx) }
+
+func (g *gatedMappingStream) Header() (metadata.MD, error) { return nil, nil } //nolint:nilnil
+func (g *gatedMappingStream) Trailer() metadata.MD         { return nil }
+func (g *gatedMappingStream) CloseSend() error             { return nil }
+func (g *gatedMappingStream) Context() context.Context     { return context.Background() }
+func (g *gatedMappingStream) SendMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+func (g *gatedMappingStream) RecvMsg(any) error            { return nil }
+
+// noopNotifier satisfies roundtrip's statusNotifier interface.
+type noopNotifier struct{}
+
+func (noopNotifier) NotifyStatus(context.Context, types.AccountID, types.ServiceID, bool) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// noopProxyClient is a proto.ProxyServiceClient that no-ops the one method the
+// teardown unwind reaches (SendStatusUpdate, via notifyError when the parked
+// AddPeer is cancelled). The embedded nil interface satisfies the rest at
+// compile time; none of those methods are called by this test.
+type noopProxyClient struct {
+	proto.ProxyServiceClient
+}
+
+func (noopProxyClient) SendStatusUpdate(context.Context, *proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest, ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+// TestMappingStream_StallsWhenApplyBlocks proves the deadlock: the proxy's
+// mapping receive loop processes batches strictly serially, so when applying
+// one batch blocks (here: createClientEntry parked on a synchronous
+// CreateProxyPeer call, exactly as observed in production), the loop never
+// advances to Recv the next batch. Management can keep sending updates onto
+// the stream with no error and no channel overflow, yet the proxy applies
+// nothing further — it is stuck.
+func TestMappingStream_StallsWhenApplyBlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.New()
+	logger.SetLevel(log.PanicLevel)
+
+	mgmt := &blockingMgmtClient{
+		entered: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+
+	nb := roundtrip.NewNetBird(
+		context.Background(),
+		"proxy-test",
+		"proxy.example.com",
+		roundtrip.ClientConfig{},
+		logger,
+		noopNotifier{},
+		mgmt,
+	)
+
+	s := &Server{
+		Logger:       logger,
+		netbird:      nb,
+		mgmtClient:   noopProxyClient{},
+		routerReady:  closedChan(),
+		lastMappings: make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+	}
+
+	// First batch: a CREATED mapping for a brand-new account. addMapping ->
+	// netbird.AddPeer -> createClientEntry -> CreateProxyPeer, which blocks.
+	// Empty Path keeps setupHTTPMapping a no-op (it returns early), so the
+	// ONLY blocking point is the synchronous CreateProxyPeer in AddPeer —
+	// no routers/auth need wiring. The second batch exists only to detect
+	// whether the loop ever advances past the blocked first batch.
+	stream := &gatedMappingStream{
+		messages: []*proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+			{
+				Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{
+					{
+						Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED,
+						Id:        "svc-1",
+						AccountId: "acct-1",
+						AuthToken: "token-1",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{
+					{
+						Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED,
+						Id:        "svc-2",
+						AccountId: "acct-2",
+						AuthToken: "token-2",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	// Unblock the parked apply on teardown via ctx (CreateProxyPeer returns
+	// ctx.Err()), so the wedged loop goroutine unwinds before embed.New —
+	// avoiding any dependency on collaborators this test deliberately leaves
+	// nil. The deadlock is fully proven before this fires.
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	loopDone := make(chan struct{})
+	syncDone := false
+	go func() {
+		defer close(loopDone)
+		_ = s.handleMappingStream(ctx, stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
+	}()
+
+	// The loop must reach the blocking apply for the first batch.
+	select {
+	case <-mgmt.entered:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("receive loop never reached CreateProxyPeer for the first batch")
+	}
+
+	// THE DEADLOCK: while the first batch is parked in CreateProxyPeer, the
+	// single-threaded loop cannot advance. The second batch is never pulled,
+	// even though it is already available on the stream. Give it ample time.
+	// deliveredCount is atomic; syncDone is intentionally not read here because
+	// the loop goroutine owns it (reading it from the test would race).
+	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), stream.deliveredCount(),
+		"loop must NOT consume the second batch while the first is blocked in apply — proxy is stuck")
+
+	select {
+	case <-loopDone:
+		t.Fatal("receive loop returned while it should be wedged in apply")
+	default:
+		// Still wedged, as expected.
+	}
+}
+
+// TestMappingStream_StallsWhenRemoveBlocks proves the deadlock for the REMOVE
+// path observed in production: a mapping remove tears down the account's last
+// embedded client via netbird.RemovePeer -> client.Stop -> Engine.Stop, whose
+// jobExecutorWG.Wait() is unbounded. Because the receive loop is single-
+// threaded, a blocked remove wedges the loop: no further mapping updates of any
+// kind (create/modify/remove) are applied, while management keeps sending them
+// successfully (no send error, no channel-full). Matches the reported symptom:
+// the last log line is a remove that stops a client, then silence.
+func TestMappingStream_StallsWhenRemoveBlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.New()
+	logger.SetLevel(log.PanicLevel)
+
+	enteredRemove := make(chan struct{})
+	blockRemove := make(chan struct{})
+	var once sync.Once
+
+	s := &Server{
+		Logger:       logger,
+		mgmtClient:   noopProxyClient{},
+		routerReady:  closedChan(),
+		lastMappings: make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+		// Stand in for netbird.RemovePeer -> client.Stop hanging on
+		// Engine.Stop's unbounded jobExecutorWG.Wait(). Only the first remove
+		// blocks; later removes return immediately so the recovery assertion
+		// can observe the loop advancing.
+		removePeer: func(ctx context.Context, _ types.AccountID, _ roundtrip.ServiceKey) error {
+			first := false
+			once.Do(func() {
+				first = true
+				close(enteredRemove)
+			})
+			if !first {
+				return nil
+			}
+			select {
+			case <-blockRemove:
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+			}
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	// Batch 1 removes a service (blocks in teardown). Batch 2 is a later update
+	// that must never be applied while the remove is wedged.
+	stream := &gatedMappingStream{
+		messages: []*proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+			{
+				Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{
+					{Type: proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED, Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1"},
+				},
+			},
+			{
+				Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{
+					{Type: proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED, Id: "svc-2", AccountId: "acct-1"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	loopDone := make(chan struct{})
+	syncDone := false
+	go func() {
+		defer close(loopDone)
+		_ = s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-enteredRemove:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("receive loop never reached the blocking remove for the first batch")
+	}
+
+	// THE DEADLOCK: the loop is parked in the blocked remove and cannot advance.
+	// syncDone is owned by the loop goroutine, so it is not read here.
+	time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), stream.deliveredCount(),
+		"loop must NOT consume the second batch while the first remove is blocked — proxy is stuck")
+
+	select {
+	case <-loopDone:
+		t.Fatal("receive loop returned while it should be wedged on the remove")
+	default:
+	}
+
+	// Unblock and confirm the wedge was solely the blocked remove: the loop
+	// then advances and consumes the next batch.
+	close(blockRemove)
+	assert.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		return stream.deliveredCount() >= 2
+	}, 2*time.Second, 5*time.Millisecond,
+		"once the remove unblocks, the loop must advance and consume the next batch")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/middleware_register.go b/proxy/middleware_register.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..736ee04c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/middleware_register.go
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package proxy
+
+// Anonymous imports trigger init() in each built-in middleware
+// sub-package so they self-register into mwbuiltin.DefaultRegistry()
+// before initMiddlewareManager builds the resolver. Add a new line
+// here when introducing another built-in middleware.
+import (
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/cost_meter"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_guardrail"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_identity_inject"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_check"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_limit_record"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_request_parser"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_response_parser"
+	_ "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin/llm_router"
+)
diff --git a/proxy/middleware_translate.go b/proxy/middleware_translate.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5d9fe016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/middleware_translate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/bodytap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// translateMiddlewareCaptureConfig builds the per-target capture
+// limits used by the middleware chain. Returns nil when the options
+// are nil or no capture field is set. Negative caps are normalised to
+// zero; oversized caps are clamped to middleware.MaxBodyCapBytes.
+func translateMiddlewareCaptureConfig(targetID string, opts *proto.PathTargetOptions) *bodytap.Config {
+	if opts == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	reqCap := clampMiddlewareCaptureBytes(targetID, "request", opts.GetCaptureMaxRequestBytes())
+	respCap := clampMiddlewareCaptureBytes(targetID, "response", opts.GetCaptureMaxResponseBytes())
+	types := opts.GetCaptureContentTypes()
+	if reqCap == 0 && respCap == 0 && len(types) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &bodytap.Config{
+		MaxRequestBytes:  reqCap,
+		MaxResponseBytes: respCap,
+		ContentTypes:     types,
+	}
+}
+
+func clampMiddlewareCaptureBytes(targetID, direction string, v int64) int64 {
+	if v < 0 {
+		log.Debugf("target %s %s capture cap %d clamped to 0", targetID, direction, v)
+		return 0
+	}
+	if v > middleware.MaxBodyCapBytes {
+		log.Debugf("target %s %s capture cap %d clamped to %d", targetID, direction, v, middleware.MaxBodyCapBytes)
+		return middleware.MaxBodyCapBytes
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// translateMiddlewareConfigs converts the proto MiddlewareConfig list
+// into validated middleware.Spec values. The list is truncated to
+// middleware.MaxMiddlewaresPerChain when the caller exceeds the cap.
+// Entries with empty IDs, unknown IDs (when registry is non-nil), or
+// unspecified slots are skipped with a warn log. Timeouts are clamped
+// to [MinTimeout, MaxTimeout] and zero substitutes for DefaultTimeout.
+// Returns nil when the resulting slice is empty so callers can leave
+// PathTarget.Middlewares unset.
+func translateMiddlewareConfigs(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	targetID string,
+	in []*proto.MiddlewareConfig,
+	registry *middleware.Registry,
+) []middleware.Spec {
+	_ = ctx
+	if len(in) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(in) > middleware.MaxMiddlewaresPerChain {
+		log.Warnf("middleware list for target %q truncated: %d entries exceeds cap of %d",
+			targetID, len(in), middleware.MaxMiddlewaresPerChain)
+		in = in[:middleware.MaxMiddlewaresPerChain]
+	}
+
+	out := make([]middleware.Spec, 0, len(in))
+	for _, cfg := range in {
+		spec, ok := translateMiddlewareConfig(targetID, cfg, registry)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, spec)
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// translateMiddlewareConfig validates and converts a single
+// MiddlewareConfig. The second return value is false when the entry
+// must be dropped from the chain.
+func translateMiddlewareConfig(targetID string, cfg *proto.MiddlewareConfig, registry *middleware.Registry) (middleware.Spec, bool) {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return middleware.Spec{}, false
+	}
+	id := cfg.GetId()
+	if id == "" {
+		log.Warnf("middleware config for target %q dropped: empty middleware id", targetID)
+		return middleware.Spec{}, false
+	}
+	if registry != nil && !registry.IsKnown(id) {
+		log.Warnf("unknown middleware %q configured for target %s; dropping", id, targetID)
+		return middleware.Spec{}, false
+	}
+	slot, ok := protoToMiddlewareSlot(cfg.GetSlot())
+	if !ok {
+		log.Warnf("middleware %q on target %q dropped: slot is unspecified", id, targetID)
+		return middleware.Spec{}, false
+	}
+
+	var rawConfig []byte
+	if src := cfg.GetConfigJson(); len(src) > 0 {
+		rawConfig = append([]byte(nil), src...)
+	}
+
+	return middleware.Spec{
+		ID:        id,
+		Slot:      slot,
+		Enabled:   cfg.GetEnabled(),
+		FailMode:  protoToMiddlewareFailMode(cfg.GetFailMode()),
+		Timeout:   clampMiddlewareTimeout(id, cfg.GetTimeout().AsDuration()),
+		RawConfig: rawConfig,
+		CanMutate: cfg.GetCanMutate(),
+	}, true
+}
+
+// protoToMiddlewareSlot maps the proto slot enum onto the internal
+// middleware.Slot. Returns ok=false for the UNSPECIFIED value so the
+// translator can drop the entry.
+func protoToMiddlewareSlot(s proto.MiddlewareSlot) (middleware.Slot, bool) {
+	switch s {
+	case proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST:
+		return middleware.SlotOnRequest, true
+	case proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE:
+		return middleware.SlotOnResponse, true
+	case proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_TERMINAL:
+		return middleware.SlotTerminal, true
+	default:
+		return 0, false
+	}
+}
+
+// protoToMiddlewareFailMode maps the proto FailMode enum onto the
+// internal middleware.FailMode, defaulting to FailOpen for any value
+// other than FAIL_CLOSED.
+func protoToMiddlewareFailMode(m proto.MiddlewareConfig_FailMode) middleware.FailMode {
+	if m == proto.MiddlewareConfig_FAIL_CLOSED {
+		return middleware.FailClosed
+	}
+	return middleware.FailOpen
+}
+
+// clampMiddlewareTimeout enforces the proxy-wide [MinTimeout, MaxTimeout]
+// bounds and substitutes DefaultTimeout for zero inputs. A warn is logged
+// only on an actual clamp, not when filling the default.
+func clampMiddlewareTimeout(id string, d time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	if d <= 0 {
+		return middleware.DefaultTimeout
+	}
+	if d < middleware.MinTimeout {
+		log.Debugf("middleware %s timeout %s clamped to %s", id, d, middleware.MinTimeout)
+		return middleware.MinTimeout
+	}
+	if d > middleware.MaxTimeout {
+		log.Debugf("middleware %s timeout %s clamped to %s", id, d, middleware.MaxTimeout)
+		return middleware.MaxTimeout
+	}
+	return d
+}
diff --git a/proxy/middleware_translate_test.go b/proxy/middleware_translate_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1a956090c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/middleware_translate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// stubFactory builds a stub Middleware so the registry's IsKnown check
+// passes for the configured id. The translator never invokes the
+// middleware, so the methods only need to satisfy the interface.
+type stubFactory struct {
+	id   string
+	slot middleware.Slot
+}
+
+func (f stubFactory) ID() string { return f.id }
+func (f stubFactory) New(_ []byte) (middleware.Middleware, error) {
+	return stubMiddleware(f), nil
+}
+
+type stubMiddleware struct {
+	id   string
+	slot middleware.Slot
+}
+
+func (m stubMiddleware) ID() string                     { return m.id }
+func (m stubMiddleware) Version() string                { return "test" }
+func (m stubMiddleware) Slot() middleware.Slot          { return m.slot }
+func (m stubMiddleware) AcceptedContentTypes() []string { return nil }
+func (m stubMiddleware) MetadataKeys() []string         { return nil }
+func (m stubMiddleware) MutationsSupported() bool       { return false }
+func (m stubMiddleware) Close() error                   { return nil }
+func (m stubMiddleware) Invoke(context.Context, *middleware.Input) (*middleware.Output, error) {
+	panic("stubMiddleware.Invoke must not be called in translator tests")
+}
+
+// newTestRegistry returns a fresh registry pre-populated with the given
+// middleware ids in the matching slot.
+func newTestRegistry(t *testing.T, entries map[string]middleware.Slot) *middleware.Registry {
+	t.Helper()
+	r := middleware.NewRegistry()
+	for id, slot := range entries {
+		require.NoError(t, r.Register(stubFactory{id: id, slot: slot}), "stub registration must succeed")
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_EmptyInput(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Nil(t, translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-a", nil, nil),
+		"nil input should translate to nil")
+	assert.Nil(t, translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-a", []*proto.MiddlewareConfig{}, nil),
+		"empty input should translate to nil")
+}
+
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_KnownIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := newTestRegistry(t, map[string]middleware.Slot{
+		"llm_request_parser":  middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		"llm_response_parser": middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+	})
+	in := []*proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+		{
+			Id:         "llm_request_parser",
+			Enabled:    true,
+			Slot:       proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST,
+			ConfigJson: []byte(`{"foo":"bar"}`),
+			FailMode:   proto.MiddlewareConfig_FAIL_OPEN,
+			Timeout:    durationpb.New(250 * time.Millisecond),
+			CanMutate:  true,
+		},
+		{
+			Id:         "llm_response_parser",
+			Enabled:    false,
+			Slot:       proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE,
+			ConfigJson: nil,
+			FailMode:   proto.MiddlewareConfig_FAIL_CLOSED,
+			Timeout:    durationpb.New(50 * time.Millisecond),
+		},
+	}
+
+	out := translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-a", in, registry)
+	require.Len(t, out, 2, "two known middlewares should produce two specs")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_request_parser", out[0].ID, "first id should match")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnRequest, out[0].Slot, "first slot should be on_request")
+	assert.True(t, out[0].Enabled, "first spec should be enabled")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.FailOpen, out[0].FailMode, "first spec should be fail-open")
+	assert.Equal(t, 250*time.Millisecond, out[0].Timeout, "first spec timeout should pass through")
+	assert.True(t, out[0].CanMutate, "first spec should permit mutations")
+	assert.Equal(t, []byte(`{"foo":"bar"}`), out[0].RawConfig, "first spec raw config should match")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_response_parser", out[1].ID, "second id should match")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnResponse, out[1].Slot, "second slot should be on_response")
+	assert.False(t, out[1].Enabled, "second spec should be disabled")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.FailClosed, out[1].FailMode, "second spec should be fail-closed")
+	assert.Equal(t, 50*time.Millisecond, out[1].Timeout, "second spec timeout should pass through")
+	assert.Nil(t, out[1].RawConfig, "second spec raw config should be nil")
+}
+
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_UnknownIDSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := newTestRegistry(t, map[string]middleware.Slot{
+		"llm_request_parser": middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+	})
+	in := []*proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+		{Id: "llm_request_parser", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST},
+		{Id: "not_registered", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST},
+	}
+	out := translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-unknown", in, registry)
+	require.Len(t, out, 1, "unknown id must be skipped")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_request_parser", out[0].ID, "remaining entry should be the known one")
+}
+
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_NilRegistrySkipsValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	in := []*proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+		{Id: "anything_goes", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST},
+	}
+	out := translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-nilreg", in, nil)
+	require.Len(t, out, 1, "nil registry must accept any non-empty id")
+	assert.Equal(t, "anything_goes", out[0].ID, "id should pass through unchecked")
+}
+
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_TimeoutClamps(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := newTestRegistry(t, map[string]middleware.Slot{
+		"llm_request_parser": middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+	})
+	in := []*proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+		{Id: "llm_request_parser", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, Timeout: nil},
+		{Id: "llm_request_parser", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, Timeout: durationpb.New(time.Microsecond)},
+		{Id: "llm_request_parser", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, Timeout: durationpb.New(time.Hour)},
+	}
+	out := translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-clamp", in, registry)
+	require.Len(t, out, 3, "clamping must keep all three entries")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.DefaultTimeout, out[0].Timeout, "zero timeout should default")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.MinTimeout, out[1].Timeout, "below-min timeout should clamp up")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.MaxTimeout, out[2].Timeout, "above-max timeout should clamp down")
+}
+
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_FailModeMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := newTestRegistry(t, map[string]middleware.Slot{
+		"llm_request_parser": middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+	})
+	in := []*proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+		{Id: "llm_request_parser", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST},
+		{Id: "llm_request_parser", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, FailMode: proto.MiddlewareConfig_FAIL_CLOSED},
+	}
+	out := translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-failmode", in, registry)
+	require.Len(t, out, 2, "both entries should translate")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.FailOpen, out[0].FailMode, "default fail mode should be open")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.FailClosed, out[1].FailMode, "explicit fail closed should map")
+}
+
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_SlotMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := newTestRegistry(t, map[string]middleware.Slot{
+		"req":  middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+		"resp": middleware.SlotOnResponse,
+		"term": middleware.SlotTerminal,
+	})
+	in := []*proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+		{Id: "req", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST},
+		{Id: "resp", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE},
+		{Id: "term", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_TERMINAL},
+		{Id: "req", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_UNSPECIFIED},
+	}
+	out := translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-slot", in, registry)
+	require.Len(t, out, 3, "unspecified slot entry must be skipped")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnRequest, out[0].Slot, "on_request slot mapping")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotOnResponse, out[1].Slot, "on_response slot mapping")
+	assert.Equal(t, middleware.SlotTerminal, out[2].Slot, "terminal slot mapping")
+}
+
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_EmptyIDSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := newTestRegistry(t, map[string]middleware.Slot{
+		"llm_request_parser": middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+	})
+	in := []*proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+		{Id: "", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST},
+		{Id: "llm_request_parser", Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST},
+	}
+	out := translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-empty-id", in, registry)
+	require.Len(t, out, 1, "empty id must be dropped")
+	assert.Equal(t, "llm_request_parser", out[0].ID, "remaining entry should be valid")
+}
+
+// TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_TruncatesAboveCap proves the translator
+// truncates lists that exceed MaxMiddlewaresPerChain rather than dropping
+// the whole slice, matching the documented G3 behaviour.
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_TruncatesAboveCap(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := newTestRegistry(t, map[string]middleware.Slot{
+		"llm_request_parser": middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+	})
+	overCap := middleware.MaxMiddlewaresPerChain + 1
+	in := make([]*proto.MiddlewareConfig, 0, overCap)
+	for i := 0; i < overCap; i++ {
+		in = append(in, &proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+			Id:   "llm_request_parser",
+			Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST,
+		})
+	}
+	out := translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-truncate", in, registry)
+	assert.Len(t, out, middleware.MaxMiddlewaresPerChain, "over-cap input must be truncated to MaxMiddlewaresPerChain")
+}
+
+func TestTranslateMiddlewareConfigs_AllowsListAtCap(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := newTestRegistry(t, map[string]middleware.Slot{
+		"llm_request_parser": middleware.SlotOnRequest,
+	})
+	in := make([]*proto.MiddlewareConfig, 0, middleware.MaxMiddlewaresPerChain)
+	for i := 0; i < middleware.MaxMiddlewaresPerChain; i++ {
+		in = append(in, &proto.MiddlewareConfig{
+			Id:   "llm_request_parser",
+			Slot: proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST,
+		})
+	}
+	out := translateMiddlewareConfigs(context.Background(), "target-cap", in, registry)
+	assert.Len(t, out, middleware.MaxMiddlewaresPerChain, "list at the cap boundary must translate fully")
+}
+
+func TestProtoToMiddlewareSlot(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name   string
+		in     proto.MiddlewareSlot
+		want   middleware.Slot
+		wantOk bool
+	}{
+		{"unspecified", proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_UNSPECIFIED, 0, false},
+		{"on_request", proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST, middleware.SlotOnRequest, true},
+		{"on_response", proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE, middleware.SlotOnResponse, true},
+		{"terminal", proto.MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_TERMINAL, middleware.SlotTerminal, true},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, ok := protoToMiddlewareSlot(tc.in)
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantOk, ok, "ok flag for %s", tc.name)
+			if tc.wantOk {
+				assert.Equal(t, tc.want, got, "slot mapping for %s", tc.name)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/process_mappings_bench_test.go b/proxy/process_mappings_bench_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..919cab95c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/process_mappings_bench_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/conntrack"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/crowdsec"
+	proxymetrics "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/metrics"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/roundtrip"
+	nbtcp "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/tcp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	udprelay "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/udp"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+)
+
+// latencyMockClient simulates realistic gRPC latency for management calls.
+type latencyMockClient struct {
+	proto.ProxyServiceClient
+	createPeerDelay   time.Duration
+	statusUpdateDelay time.Duration
+}
+
+func (m *latencyMockClient) SendStatusUpdate(ctx context.Context, _ *proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse, error) {
+	if m.statusUpdateDelay > 0 {
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(m.statusUpdateDelay):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	return &proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *latencyMockClient) CreateProxyPeer(ctx context.Context, _ *proto.CreateProxyPeerRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse, error) {
+	if m.createPeerDelay > 0 {
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(m.createPeerDelay):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	return &proto.CreateProxyPeerResponse{Success: true}, nil
+}
+
+type discardWriter struct{}
+
+func (discardWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return len(p), nil }
+
+func benchServerWithLatency(b *testing.B, createPeerDelay, statusDelay time.Duration) *Server {
+	b.Helper()
+	logger := log.New()
+	logger.SetLevel(log.FatalLevel)
+	logger.SetOutput(&discardWriter{})
+
+	meter, err := proxymetrics.New(context.Background(), noop.Meter{})
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	mgmtClient := &latencyMockClient{
+		createPeerDelay:   createPeerDelay,
+		statusUpdateDelay: statusDelay,
+	}
+
+	nb := roundtrip.NewNetBird(b.Context(), "bench-proxy", "bench.test",
+		roundtrip.ClientConfig{MgmtAddr: "http://bench.test:9999"},
+		logger, nil, mgmtClient)
+
+	mainRouter := nbtcp.NewRouter(logger, func(accountID types.AccountID) (types.DialContextFunc, error) {
+		return (&net.Dialer{}).DialContext, nil
+	}, &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 443})
+
+	return &Server{
+		Logger:           logger,
+		mgmtClient:       mgmtClient,
+		netbird:          nb,
+		proxy:            proxy.NewReverseProxy(nil, "auto", nil, logger),
+		auth:             auth.NewMiddleware(logger, nil, nil),
+		mainRouter:       mainRouter,
+		mainPort:         443,
+		meter:            meter,
+		hijackTracker:    conntrack.HijackTracker{},
+		crowdsecRegistry: crowdsec.NewRegistry("", "", log.NewEntry(logger)),
+		crowdsecServices: make(map[types.ServiceID]bool),
+		lastMappings:     make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+		portRouters:      make(map[uint16]*portRouter),
+		svcPorts:         make(map[types.ServiceID][]uint16),
+		udpRelays:        make(map[types.ServiceID]*udprelay.Relay),
+	}
+}
+
+// generateHTTPMappings creates N HTTP-mode mappings with the given update type.
+// All belong to a single account to share the embedded client.
+func generateHTTPMappings(n int, updateType proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+	mappings := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, n)
+	for i := range n {
+		mappings[i] = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+			Type:      updateType,
+			Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d", i),
+			AccountId: "account-1",
+			Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i),
+			Mode:      "http",
+			Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+				{
+					Path:   "/",
+					Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.0.%d.%d:8080", (i/256)%256, i%256),
+				},
+			},
+			Auth: &proto.Authentication{},
+		}
+	}
+	return mappings
+}
+
+// generateMultiAccountHTTPMappings creates N HTTP-mode CREATED mappings spread
+// across the given number of accounts. This stresses the AddPeer new-account
+// path which calls CreateProxyPeer + embed.New per unique account.
+func generateMultiAccountHTTPMappings(n, accounts int) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+	mappings := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, n)
+	for i := range n {
+		mappings[i] = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+			Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED,
+			Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d", i),
+			AccountId: fmt.Sprintf("account-%d", i%accounts),
+			Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i),
+			Mode:      "http",
+			Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+				{
+					Path:   "/",
+					Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.0.%d.%d:8080", (i/256)%256, i%256),
+				},
+			},
+			Auth: &proto.Authentication{},
+		}
+	}
+	return mappings
+}
+
+// generateMixedMappings creates mappings with a realistic distribution:
+// 70% HTTP create, 15% modify existing, 10% TLS on main port, 5% remove.
+// All use a single account to avoid embed.New dialing.
+func generateMixedMappings(n int) []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+	mappings := make([]*proto.ProxyMapping, n)
+	for i := range n {
+		var m *proto.ProxyMapping
+		switch {
+		case i%20 < 14: // 70% HTTP create
+			m = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+				Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED,
+				Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-http-%d", i),
+				AccountId: "account-1",
+				Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i),
+				Mode:      "http",
+				Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+					{Path: "/", Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.0.%d.%d:8080", (i/256)%256, i%256)},
+					{Path: "/api", Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.0.%d.%d:8081", (i/256)%256, i%256)},
+				},
+				Auth: &proto.Authentication{},
+			}
+		case i%20 < 17: // 15% modify
+			m = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+				Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_MODIFIED,
+				Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-http-%d", i%100),
+				AccountId: "account-1",
+				Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i%100),
+				Mode:      "http",
+				Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+					{Path: "/", Target: fmt.Sprintf("http://10.1.%d.%d:8080", (i/256)%256, i%256)},
+				},
+				Auth: &proto.Authentication{},
+			}
+		case i%20 < 19: // 10% TLS passthrough on main port
+			m = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+				Type:       proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED,
+				Id:         fmt.Sprintf("svc-tls-%d", i),
+				AccountId:  "account-1",
+				Domain:     fmt.Sprintf("tls-%d.bench.example.com", i),
+				Mode:       "tls",
+				ListenPort: 443,
+				Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+					{Path: "/", Target: fmt.Sprintf("10.2.%d.%d:443", (i/256)%256, i%256)},
+				},
+			}
+		default: // 5% remove
+			m = &proto.ProxyMapping{
+				Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED,
+				Id:        fmt.Sprintf("svc-http-%d", i%50),
+				AccountId: "account-1",
+				Domain:    fmt.Sprintf("svc-%d.bench.example.com", i%50),
+				Mode:      "http",
+			}
+		}
+		mappings[i] = m
+	}
+	return mappings
+}
+
+const (
+	createPeerLatency   = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	statusUpdateLatency = 50 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_HTTPCreate_SingleAccount benchmarks the initial sync
+// scenario: N HTTP mappings all on a single account. Only the first mapping
+// triggers CreateProxyPeer (100ms gRPC). The rest just register with the
+// existing client. This is the "best case" production path.
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_HTTPCreate_SingleAccount(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, n := range []int{100, 1000, 5000} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n=%d", n), func(b *testing.B) {
+			mappings := generateHTTPMappings(n, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, createPeerLatency, statusUpdateLatency)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), mappings)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_HTTPCreate_MultiAccount benchmarks the worst-case
+// initial sync: every mapping belongs to a different account, so each one
+// triggers a full CreateProxyPeer gRPC round-trip (100ms) + embed.New.
+// With 500 accounts this serializes to ~50s of blocking I/O.
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_HTTPCreate_MultiAccount(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		mappings int
+		accounts int
+	}{
+		{100, 10},
+		{100, 50},
+		{1000, 50},
+		{1000, 200},
+		{3000, 500},
+	} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("mappings=%d/accounts=%d", tc.mappings, tc.accounts), func(b *testing.B) {
+			mappings := generateMultiAccountHTTPMappings(tc.mappings, tc.accounts)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, createPeerLatency, statusUpdateLatency)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), mappings)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_Mixed benchmarks a realistic mixed workload
+// of creates, modifies, TLS, and removes with production-like latency.
+// TLS mappings call SendStatusUpdate (50ms each), serialized.
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_Mixed(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, n := range []int{100, 1000, 5000} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n=%d", n), func(b *testing.B) {
+			mappings := generateMixedMappings(n)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, createPeerLatency, statusUpdateLatency)
+				creates := generateHTTPMappings(100, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), creates)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), mappings)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_ModifyOnly benchmarks bulk modification of
+// already-registered mappings (no new peers needed, no gRPC).
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_ModifyOnly(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, n := range []int{100, 1000, 5000} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n=%d", n), func(b *testing.B) {
+			creates := generateHTTPMappings(n, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED)
+			modifies := generateHTTPMappings(n, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_MODIFIED)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, createPeerLatency, statusUpdateLatency)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), creates)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), modifies)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkProcessMappings_NoLatency measures pure CPU/allocation overhead
+// with zero I/O latency for profiling purposes.
+func BenchmarkProcessMappings_NoLatency(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, n := range []int{1000, 5000} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprintf("n=%d", n), func(b *testing.B) {
+			mappings := generateHTTPMappings(n, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED)
+			for range b.N {
+				s := benchServerWithLatency(b, 0, 0)
+				s.processMappings(b.Context(), mappings)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/proxyprotocol_test.go b/proxy/proxyprotocol_test.go
index fe2fe7e2d..9e19314ed 100644
--- a/proxy/proxyprotocol_test.go
+++ b/proxy/proxyprotocol_test.go
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@ import (
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 )
 
 func TestWrapProxyProtocol_OverridesRemoteAddr(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := &Server{
 		Logger:         log.StandardLogger(),
-		TrustedProxies: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("127.0.0.1/32")},
+		TrustedProxies: trustedproxy.FromPrefixes([]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("127.0.0.1/32")}),
 		ProxyProtocol:  true,
 	}
 
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ func TestWrapProxyProtocol_OverridesRemoteAddr(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProxyProtocolPolicy_TrustedRequires(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := &Server{
 		Logger:         log.StandardLogger(),
-		TrustedProxies: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
+		TrustedProxies: trustedproxy.FromPrefixes([]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")}),
 	}
 
 	opts := proxyproto.ConnPolicyOptions{
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ func TestProxyProtocolPolicy_TrustedRequires(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProxyProtocolPolicy_UntrustedIgnores(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := &Server{
 		Logger:         log.StandardLogger(),
-		TrustedProxies: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
+		TrustedProxies: trustedproxy.FromPrefixes([]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")}),
 	}
 
 	opts := proxyproto.ConnPolicyOptions{
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ func TestProxyProtocolPolicy_UntrustedIgnores(t *testing.T) {
 func TestProxyProtocolPolicy_InvalidIPRejects(t *testing.T) {
 	srv := &Server{
 		Logger:         log.StandardLogger(),
-		TrustedProxies: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
+		TrustedProxies: trustedproxy.FromPrefixes([]netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")}),
 	}
 
 	opts := proxyproto.ConnPolicyOptions{
diff --git a/proxy/server.go b/proxy/server.go
index fbd0d058e..5b652e61c 100644
--- a/proxy/server.go
+++ b/proxy/server.go
@@ -20,10 +20,12 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"reflect"
+	"slices"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"github.com/pires/go-proxyproto"
 	prometheus2 "github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
 	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
@@ -32,11 +34,16 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
 	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
+	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+	"google.golang.org/protobuf/encoding/protojson"
+	goproto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
 	"google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/timestamppb"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/embed"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/accesslog"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/acme"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
@@ -49,6 +56,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/health"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/k8s"
 	proxymetrics "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/metrics"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware"
+	mwbuiltin "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/middleware/builtin"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/netutil"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/proxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/restrict"
@@ -59,6 +68,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/web"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/embeddedroots"
 )
 
@@ -70,28 +80,37 @@ type portRouter struct {
 }
 
 type Server struct {
-	mgmtClient    proto.ProxyServiceClient
-	proxy         *proxy.ReverseProxy
-	netbird       *roundtrip.NetBird
-	acme          *acme.Manager
-	auth          *auth.Middleware
-	http          *http.Server
-	https         *http.Server
-	debug         *http.Server
-	healthServer  *health.Server
-	healthChecker *health.Checker
-	meter         *proxymetrics.Metrics
-	accessLog     *accesslog.Logger
-	mainRouter    *nbtcp.Router
-	mainPort      uint16
-	udpMu         sync.Mutex
-	udpRelays     map[types.ServiceID]*udprelay.Relay
-	udpRelayWg    sync.WaitGroup
-	portMu        sync.RWMutex
-	portRouters   map[uint16]*portRouter
-	svcPorts      map[types.ServiceID][]uint16
-	lastMappings  map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping
-	portRouterWg  sync.WaitGroup
+	ctx               context.Context
+	mgmtClient        proto.ProxyServiceClient
+	proxy             *proxy.ReverseProxy
+	netbird           *roundtrip.NetBird
+	acme              *acme.Manager
+	staticCertWatcher *certwatch.Watcher
+	auth              *auth.Middleware
+	http              *http.Server
+	https             *http.Server
+	debug             *http.Server
+	healthServer      *health.Server
+	healthChecker     *health.Checker
+	meter             *proxymetrics.Metrics
+	accessLog         *accesslog.Logger
+	// middlewareManager drives per-target middleware dispatch. Always
+	// constructed during boot; an empty registry produces empty chains and
+	// the reverse-proxy stays on the no-capture fast path.
+	middlewareManager *middleware.Manager
+	// middlewareRegistry is the source of registered middleware factories.
+	// Concrete middlewares register themselves through init().
+	middlewareRegistry *middleware.Registry
+	mainRouter         *nbtcp.Router
+	mainPort           uint16
+	udpMu              sync.Mutex
+	udpRelays          map[types.ServiceID]*udprelay.Relay
+	udpRelayWg         sync.WaitGroup
+	portMu             sync.RWMutex
+	portRouters        map[uint16]*portRouter
+	svcPorts           map[types.ServiceID][]uint16
+	lastMappings       map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping
+	portRouterWg       sync.WaitGroup
 
 	// hijackTracker tracks hijacked connections (e.g. WebSocket upgrades)
 	// so they can be closed during graceful shutdown, since http.Server.Shutdown
@@ -112,9 +131,31 @@ type Server struct {
 	// The mapping worker waits on this before processing updates.
 	routerReady chan struct{}
 
+	// removePeer defaults to netbird.RemovePeer; overridable in tests.
+	removePeer func(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, key roundtrip.ServiceKey) error
+
+	// inbound, when non-nil, manages per-account inbound listeners. Set by
+	// initPrivateInbound only when Private is true so the standalone
+	// proxy keeps its zero-overhead default path.
+	inbound *inboundManager
+
+	// Lifecycle state — populated by Start, consumed by Stop. The fields
+	// stay zero on a fresh Server until Start runs so direct struct
+	// construction (`&Server{...}`) used by tests still works.
+	runCancel context.CancelFunc
+	mgmtConn  *grpc.ClientConn
+	runErr    error
+	runErrCh  chan struct{}
+	startMu   sync.Mutex
+	started   bool
+	stopOnce  sync.Once
+
 	// Mostly used for debugging on management.
 	startTime time.Time
 
+	// ListenAddr is the address the main TCP listener binds. Populated by
+	// New from Config or by ListenAndServe from its addr argument.
+	ListenAddr               string
 	ID                       string
 	Logger                   *log.Logger
 	Version                  string
@@ -153,15 +194,18 @@ type Server struct {
 	// ForwardedProto overrides the X-Forwarded-Proto value sent to backends.
 	// Valid values: "auto" (detect from TLS), "http", "https".
 	ForwardedProto string
-	// TrustedProxies is a list of IP prefixes for trusted upstream proxies.
-	// When set, forwarding headers from these sources are preserved and
-	// appended to instead of being stripped.
-	TrustedProxies []netip.Prefix
+	// TrustedProxies is the set of trusted upstream proxies. When set,
+	// forwarding headers from these sources are preserved and appended to
+	// instead of being stripped.
+	TrustedProxies *trustedproxy.List
 	// WireguardPort is the port for the NetBird tunnel interface. Use 0
 	// for a random OS-assigned port. A fixed port only works with
 	// single-account deployments; multiple accounts will fail to bind
 	// the same port.
 	WireguardPort uint16
+	// Performance configures the tunnel pool/batch sizes for every
+	// embedded client this proxy spawns.
+	Performance embed.Performance
 	// ProxyProtocol enables PROXY protocol (v1/v2) on TCP listeners.
 	// When enabled, the real client IP is extracted from the PROXY header
 	// sent by upstream L4 proxies that support PROXY protocol.
@@ -175,6 +219,14 @@ type Server struct {
 	// in front of this proxy's cluster domain. When true, accounts cannot
 	// create services on the bare cluster domain.
 	RequireSubdomain bool
+	// Private flags this proxy as embedded in a netbird client and serving
+	// exclusively over the WireGuard tunnel (i.e. `netbird proxy`). Reported
+	// upstream as a capability so dashboards can distinguish per-peer
+	// clusters from centralised ones, and turns on per-account inbound
+	// listeners on each embedded client's netstack: every account that
+	// registers a service exposes :80 + :443 inside its own WG tunnel,
+	// scoped to that account's services only.
+	Private bool
 	// MaxDialTimeout caps the per-service backend dial timeout.
 	// When the API sends a timeout, it is clamped to this value.
 	// When the API sends no timeout, this value is used as the default.
@@ -191,8 +243,20 @@ type Server struct {
 	// Zero means no cap (the proxy honors whatever management sends).
 	// Set via NB_PROXY_MAX_SESSION_IDLE_TIMEOUT for shared deployments.
 	MaxSessionIdleTimeout time.Duration
+	// MappingBatchWatchdog bounds how long a single mapping batch may spend
+	// in processMappings before the receive loop reconnects to resync.
+	// Zero uses defaultMappingBatchWatchdog.
+	MappingBatchWatchdog time.Duration
+	// MiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes overrides the proxy-wide in-flight capture
+	// budget passed to middleware.NewManager. Zero or negative values fall
+	// back to defaultMiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes (256 MiB).
+	MiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes int64
 }
 
+// defaultMiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes is the proxy-wide in-flight capture cap
+// passed to middleware.NewManager when MiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes is unset.
+const defaultMiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes = 256 << 20
+
 // clampIdleTimeout returns d capped to MaxSessionIdleTimeout when configured.
 func (s *Server) clampIdleTimeout(d time.Duration) time.Duration {
 	if s.MaxSessionIdleTimeout > 0 && d > s.MaxSessionIdleTimeout {
@@ -220,12 +284,16 @@ func (s *Server) NotifyStatus(ctx context.Context, accountID types.AccountID, se
 		status = proto.ProxyStatus_PROXY_STATUS_ACTIVE
 	}
 
-	_, err := s.mgmtClient.SendStatusUpdate(ctx, &proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest{
+	req := &proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest{
 		ServiceId:         string(serviceID),
 		AccountId:         string(accountID),
 		Status:            status,
 		CertificateIssued: false,
-	})
+	}
+	if connected {
+		req.InboundListener = s.inboundListenerProto(accountID)
+	}
+	_, err := s.mgmtClient.SendStatusUpdate(ctx, req)
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -236,53 +304,77 @@ func (s *Server) NotifyCertificateIssued(ctx context.Context, accountID types.Ac
 		AccountId:         string(accountID),
 		Status:            proto.ProxyStatus_PROXY_STATUS_ACTIVE,
 		CertificateIssued: true,
+		InboundListener:   s.inboundListenerProto(accountID),
 	})
 	return err
 }
 
-func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
-	s.initDefaults()
-	s.routerReady = make(chan struct{})
-	s.udpRelays = make(map[types.ServiceID]*udprelay.Relay)
-	s.portRouters = make(map[uint16]*portRouter)
-	s.svcPorts = make(map[types.ServiceID][]uint16)
-	s.lastMappings = make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping)
-
-	exporter, err := prometheus.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create prometheus exporter: %w", err)
+// inboundListenerProto resolves the per-account inbound listener state for
+// the SendStatusUpdate payload. Returns nil when --private is off
+// or the account has no live listener so management treats the field as
+// absent.
+func (s *Server) inboundListenerProto(accountID types.AccountID) *proto.ProxyInboundListener {
+	if s.inbound == nil {
+		return nil
 	}
-
-	provider := metric.NewMeterProvider(metric.WithReader(exporter))
-	pkg := reflect.TypeOf(Server{}).PkgPath()
-	meter := provider.Meter(pkg)
-
-	s.meter, err = proxymetrics.New(ctx, meter)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("create metrics: %w", err)
+	info, ok := s.inbound.ListenerInfo(accountID)
+	if !ok || info.TunnelIP == "" {
+		return nil
 	}
+	return &proto.ProxyInboundListener{
+		TunnelIp:  info.TunnelIP,
+		HttpsPort: uint32(info.HTTPSPort),
+		HttpPort:  uint32(info.HTTPPort),
+	}
+}
 
-	mgmtConn, err := s.dialManagement()
-	if err != nil {
+// ListenAndServe is the standalone entrypoint. It binds the listener, runs
+// the proxy until ctx is cancelled or a background goroutine fails, then
+// drains and stops. Library callers should prefer New + Start + Stop and
+// own their own shutdown signalling.
+func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) error {
+	s.ListenAddr = addr
+	if err := s.Start(ctx); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		if err := mgmtConn.Close(); err != nil {
-			s.Logger.Debugf("management connection close: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-	s.mgmtClient = proto.NewProxyServiceClient(mgmtConn)
+	return s.waitAndStop(ctx)
+}
+
+// Start brings the proxy up: dials management, configures TLS, binds the
+// main listener, and spawns the SNI router and HTTPS server goroutines. It
+// returns once the listener is bound; background errors are surfaced
+// through Stop's return value. Start is not safe to call twice.
+func (s *Server) Start(ctx context.Context) error {
+	s.startMu.Lock()
+	if s.started {
+		s.startMu.Unlock()
+		return errors.New("proxy already started")
+	}
+	s.started = true
+	s.startMu.Unlock()
+
+	s.initLifecycleState()
+	if err := s.initMetrics(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := s.initManagementClient(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Management client must be initialised BEFORE the middleware manager —
+	// initMiddlewareManager passes s.mgmtClient into the builtin FactoryContext
+	// that the limit-check / limit-record middlewares pull from. Reversed
+	// order would silently disable enforcement (mgmt=nil → allow-without-
+	// attribution + no-record).
+	if err := s.initMiddlewareManager(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("init middleware manager: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	runCtx, runCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer runCancel()
-
-	// Initialize the netbird client, this is required to build peer connections
-	// to proxy over.
-	s.netbird = roundtrip.NewNetBird(s.ID, s.ProxyURL, roundtrip.ClientConfig{
-		MgmtAddr:     s.ManagementAddress,
-		WGPort:       s.WireguardPort,
-		PreSharedKey: s.PreSharedKey,
-	}, s.Logger, s, s.mgmtClient)
+	s.runCancel = runCancel
 
+	s.initNetBirdClient()
 	// Create health checker before the mapping worker so it can track
 	// management connectivity from the first stream connection.
 	s.healthChecker = health.NewChecker(s.Logger, s.netbird)
@@ -297,34 +389,25 @@ func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Configure the reverse proxy using NetBird's HTTP Client Transport for proxying.
-	s.proxy = proxy.NewReverseProxy(s.meter.RoundTripper(s.netbird), s.ForwardedProto, s.TrustedProxies, s.Logger)
+	s.initReverseProxy()
 
-	geoLookup, err := geolocation.NewLookup(s.Logger, s.GeoDataDir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("initialize geolocation: %w", err)
-	}
-	s.geoRaw = geoLookup
-	if geoLookup != nil {
-		s.geo = geoLookup
+	if err := s.initGeoLookup(); err != nil {
+		return err
 	}
 
-	var startupOK bool
+	startupOK := false
 	defer func() {
 		if startupOK {
 			return
 		}
 		if s.geoRaw != nil {
-			if err := s.geoRaw.Close(); err != nil {
-				s.Logger.Debugf("close geolocation on startup failure: %v", err)
+			if closeErr := s.geoRaw.Close(); closeErr != nil {
+				s.Logger.Debugf("close geolocation on startup failure: %v", closeErr)
 			}
 		}
 	}()
 
-	// Configure the authentication middleware with session validator for OIDC group checks.
 	s.auth = auth.NewMiddleware(s.Logger, s.mgmtClient, s.geo)
-
-	// Configure Access logs to management server.
 	s.accessLog = accesslog.NewLogger(s.mgmtClient, s.Logger, s.TrustedProxies)
 
 	s.startDebugEndpoint()
@@ -333,35 +416,21 @@ func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Build the handler chain from inside out.
-	handler := http.Handler(s.proxy)
-	handler = s.auth.Protect(handler)
-	handler = web.AssetHandler(handler)
-	handler = s.accessLog.Middleware(handler)
-	handler = s.meter.Middleware(handler)
-	handler = s.hijackTracker.Middleware(handler)
+	handler := s.buildHandlerChain()
+	s.initPrivateInbound(handler, tlsConfig)
 
-	// Start a raw TCP listener; the SNI router peeks at ClientHello
-	// and routes to either the HTTP handler or a TCP relay.
-	lc := net.ListenConfig{}
-	ln, err := lc.Listen(ctx, "tcp", addr)
+	ln, err := s.bindMainListener(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("listen on %s: %w", addr, err)
+		return err
 	}
-	if s.ProxyProtocol {
-		ln = s.wrapProxyProtocol(ln)
-	}
-	s.mainPort = uint16(ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port) //nolint:gosec // port from OS is always valid
 
-	// Set up the SNI router for TCP/HTTP multiplexing on the main port.
 	s.mainRouter = nbtcp.NewRouter(s.Logger, s.resolveDialFunc, ln.Addr())
 	s.mainRouter.SetObserver(s.meter)
 	s.mainRouter.SetAccessLogger(s.accessLog)
 	close(s.routerReady)
 
-	// The HTTP server uses the chanListener fed by the SNI router.
 	s.https = &http.Server{
-		Addr:              addr,
+		Addr:              s.ListenAddr,
 		Handler:           handler,
 		TLSConfig:         tlsConfig,
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: httpReadHeaderTimeout,
@@ -371,35 +440,206 @@ func (s *Server) ListenAndServe(ctx context.Context, addr string) (err error) {
 
 	startupOK = true
 
-	httpsErr := make(chan error, 1)
 	go func() {
 		s.Logger.Debug("starting HTTPS server on SNI router HTTP channel")
-		httpsErr <- s.https.ServeTLS(s.mainRouter.HTTPListener(), "", "")
+		if serveErr := s.https.ServeTLS(s.mainRouter.HTTPListener(), "", ""); serveErr != nil && !errors.Is(serveErr, http.ErrServerClosed) {
+			s.recordRunErr(fmt.Errorf("https server: %w", serveErr))
+		}
 	}()
 
-	routerErr := make(chan error, 1)
 	go func() {
-		s.Logger.Debugf("starting SNI router on %s", addr)
-		routerErr <- s.mainRouter.Serve(runCtx, ln)
+		s.Logger.Debugf("starting SNI router on %s", s.ListenAddr)
+		if serveErr := s.mainRouter.Serve(runCtx, ln); serveErr != nil {
+			s.recordRunErr(fmt.Errorf("SNI router: %w", serveErr))
+		}
 	}()
 
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Stop drains in-flight connections, shuts down all background services,
+// and releases resources. Idempotent; calling it before Start is a no-op.
+// Returns the first fatal error reported by a background goroutine, if
+// any. The provided ctx bounds the total wait time; once it is cancelled
+// Stop returns even if drain is still in flight.
+func (s *Server) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
+	s.stopOnce.Do(func() {
+		s.startMu.Lock()
+		started := s.started
+		s.startMu.Unlock()
+		if !started {
+			return
+		}
+
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			defer close(done)
+			s.gracefulShutdown()
+			if s.runCancel != nil {
+				s.runCancel()
+			}
+			if s.mgmtConn != nil {
+				if err := s.mgmtConn.Close(); err != nil {
+					s.Logger.Debugf("management connection close: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			s.Logger.Warnf("proxy stop deadline exceeded: %v", ctx.Err())
+		}
+	})
+
+	s.startMu.Lock()
+	defer s.startMu.Unlock()
+	return s.runErr
+}
+
+// waitAndStop blocks until ctx is cancelled or a background goroutine
+// reports a fatal error, then drains and stops. Used by ListenAndServe.
+func (s *Server) waitAndStop(ctx context.Context) error {
 	select {
-	case err := <-httpsErr:
-		s.shutdownServices()
-		if !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("https server: %w", err)
-		}
-		return nil
-	case err := <-routerErr:
-		s.shutdownServices()
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("SNI router: %w", err)
-		}
-		return nil
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		s.gracefulShutdown()
-		return nil
+	case <-s.runErrCh:
 	}
+	stopCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), shutdownDrainTimeout+shutdownServiceTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+	return s.Stop(stopCtx)
+}
+
+// recordRunErr stores the first fatal background error and signals
+// waitAndStop. Subsequent errors are logged at debug level so the first
+// cause is preserved.
+func (s *Server) recordRunErr(err error) {
+	s.startMu.Lock()
+	defer s.startMu.Unlock()
+	if s.runErr != nil {
+		s.Logger.Debugf("background error after first failure: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	s.runErr = err
+	if s.runErrCh != nil {
+		close(s.runErrCh)
+	}
+}
+
+// initLifecycleState seeds the maps and channels Start needs to wire up
+// background goroutines. Called once at the top of Start.
+func (s *Server) initLifecycleState() {
+	s.initDefaults()
+	s.routerReady = make(chan struct{})
+	s.runErrCh = make(chan struct{})
+	s.udpRelays = make(map[types.ServiceID]*udprelay.Relay)
+	s.portRouters = make(map[uint16]*portRouter)
+	s.svcPorts = make(map[types.ServiceID][]uint16)
+	s.lastMappings = make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping)
+}
+
+// initMetrics builds the prometheus exporter and meter bundle.
+func (s *Server) initMetrics(ctx context.Context) error {
+	exporter, err := prometheus.New()
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create prometheus exporter: %w", err)
+	}
+	provider := metric.NewMeterProvider(metric.WithReader(exporter))
+	pkg := reflect.TypeOf(Server{}).PkgPath()
+	meter := provider.Meter(pkg)
+	s.meter, err = proxymetrics.New(ctx, meter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create metrics: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// initManagementClient dials management and stashes the connection so
+// Stop can close it deterministically.
+func (s *Server) initManagementClient() error {
+	conn, err := s.dialManagement()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.mgmtConn = conn
+	s.mgmtClient = proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// initNetBirdClient builds the multi-tenant embedded NetBird client used
+// for outbound RoundTripping and (when --private is on) per-account
+// inbound listeners.
+func (s *Server) initNetBirdClient() {
+	s.netbird = roundtrip.NewNetBird(s.ctx, s.ID, s.ProxyURL, roundtrip.ClientConfig{
+		MgmtAddr:     s.ManagementAddress,
+		WGPort:       s.WireguardPort,
+		PreSharedKey: s.PreSharedKey,
+		Performance:  s.Performance,
+		// On --private the embedded client serves per-account inbound
+		// listeners and must apply management's ACL: keep BlockInbound off
+		// so the engine creates the ACL manager. On the standalone proxy
+		// the embedded client never accepts inbound, so block.
+		BlockInbound: !s.Private,
+	}, s.Logger, s, s.mgmtClient)
+	s.netbird.OnAddPeer = s.meter.RecordAddPeerDuration
+}
+
+// initReverseProxy builds the meter-instrumented reverse proxy. MultiTransport
+// routes targets opted into direct_upstream through the host's network stack
+// (stdlib transport); everything else falls through to the embedded NetBird
+// client. The split is needed so direct_upstream targets resolve DNS via the
+// proxy host's resolver instead of the tunnel's DNS.
+func (s *Server) initReverseProxy() {
+	upstreamRT := roundtrip.NewMultiTransport(s.netbird, s.Logger)
+	var rpOpts []proxy.Option
+	if s.middlewareManager != nil {
+		rpOpts = append(rpOpts, proxy.WithMiddlewareManager(s.middlewareManager))
+	}
+	s.proxy = proxy.NewReverseProxy(s.meter.RoundTripper(upstreamRT), s.ForwardedProto, s.TrustedProxies, s.Logger, rpOpts...)
+}
+
+// initGeoLookup configures the GeoLite2 lookup used for country-based
+// access restrictions and access-log enrichment.
+func (s *Server) initGeoLookup() error {
+	geoLookup, err := geolocation.NewLookup(s.Logger, s.GeoDataDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("initialize geolocation: %w", err)
+	}
+	s.geoRaw = geoLookup
+	if geoLookup != nil {
+		s.geo = geoLookup
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// buildHandlerChain wires the request middlewares from inside out.
+func (s *Server) buildHandlerChain() http.Handler {
+	handler := http.Handler(s.proxy)
+	handler = s.auth.Protect(handler)
+	handler = web.AssetHandler(handler)
+	handler = s.accessLog.Middleware(handler)
+	handler = s.meter.Middleware(handler)
+	return s.hijackTracker.Middleware(handler)
+}
+
+// bindMainListener binds the main TCP listener and wraps it with PROXY
+// protocol when configured.
+func (s *Server) bindMainListener(ctx context.Context) (net.Listener, error) {
+	lc := net.ListenConfig{}
+	ln, err := lc.Listen(ctx, "tcp", s.ListenAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen on %s: %w", s.ListenAddr, err)
+	}
+	if s.ProxyProtocol {
+		ln = s.wrapProxyProtocol(ln)
+	}
+	s.mainPort = uint16(ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port) //nolint:gosec // port from OS is always valid
+	s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"requested_addr": s.ListenAddr,
+		"bound_addr":     ln.Addr().String(),
+		"private":        s.Private,
+		"proxy_protocol": s.ProxyProtocol,
+	}).Info("proxy main listener bound")
+	return ln, nil
 }
 
 // initDefaults sets fallback values for optional Server fields.
@@ -408,7 +648,7 @@ func (s *Server) initDefaults() {
 
 	// If no ID is set then one can be generated.
 	if s.ID == "" {
-		s.ID = "netbird-proxy-" + s.startTime.Format("20060102150405")
+		s.ID = fmt.Sprintf("netbird-proxy-%s", uuid.NewString())
 	}
 	// Fallback version option in case it is not set.
 	if s.Version == "" {
@@ -431,6 +671,9 @@ func (s *Server) startDebugEndpoint() {
 	if s.acme != nil {
 		debugHandler.SetCertStatus(s.acme)
 	}
+	if s.inbound != nil {
+		debugHandler.SetInboundProvider(inboundDebugAdapter{mgr: s.inbound})
+	}
 	s.debug = &http.Server{
 		Addr:     debugAddr,
 		Handler:  debugHandler,
@@ -444,16 +687,18 @@ func (s *Server) startDebugEndpoint() {
 	}()
 }
 
-// startHealthServer launches the health probe and metrics server.
+// startHealthServer launches the health probe and metrics server. Empty
+// HealthAddress disables the probe entirely (intended for library callers
+// that want to manage their own health surface).
 func (s *Server) startHealthServer() error {
-	healthAddr := s.HealthAddress
-	if healthAddr == "" {
-		healthAddr = defaultHealthAddr
+	if s.HealthAddress == "" {
+		s.Logger.Debug("health probe disabled (empty HealthAddress)")
+		return nil
 	}
-	s.healthServer = health.NewServer(healthAddr, s.healthChecker, s.Logger, promhttp.HandlerFor(prometheus2.DefaultGatherer, promhttp.HandlerOpts{EnableOpenMetrics: true}))
-	healthListener, err := net.Listen("tcp", healthAddr)
+	s.healthServer = health.NewServer(s.HealthAddress, s.healthChecker, s.Logger, promhttp.HandlerFor(prometheus2.DefaultGatherer, promhttp.HandlerOpts{EnableOpenMetrics: true}))
+	healthListener, err := net.Listen("tcp", s.HealthAddress)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("health probe server listen on %s: %w", healthAddr, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("health probe server listen on %s: %w", s.HealthAddress, err)
 	}
 	go func() {
 		if err := s.healthServer.Serve(healthListener); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
@@ -471,7 +716,7 @@ func (s *Server) wrapProxyProtocol(ln net.Listener) net.Listener {
 		Listener:          ln,
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: proxyProtoHeaderTimeout,
 	}
-	if len(s.TrustedProxies) > 0 {
+	if !s.TrustedProxies.Empty() {
 		ppListener.ConnPolicy = s.proxyProtocolPolicy
 	} else {
 		s.Logger.Warn("PROXY protocol enabled without trusted proxies; any source may send PROXY headers")
@@ -495,17 +740,16 @@ func (s *Server) proxyProtocolPolicy(opts proxyproto.ConnPolicyOptions) (proxypr
 	addr = addr.Unmap()
 
 	// called per accept
-	for _, prefix := range s.TrustedProxies {
-		if prefix.Contains(addr) {
-			return proxyproto.REQUIRE, nil
-		}
+	if s.TrustedProxies.Contains(addr) {
+		return proxyproto.REQUIRE, nil
 	}
 	return proxyproto.IGNORE, nil
 }
 
 const (
-	defaultHealthAddr = "localhost:8080"
-	defaultDebugAddr  = "localhost:8444"
+	// defaultDebugAddr is the localhost-bound fallback for the debug endpoint
+	// when DebugEndpointAddress is empty.
+	defaultDebugAddr = "localhost:8444"
 
 	// proxyProtoHeaderTimeout is the deadline for reading the PROXY protocol
 	// header after accepting a connection.
@@ -580,6 +824,7 @@ func (s *Server) configureTLS(ctx context.Context) (*tls.Config, error) {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("initialize certificate watcher: %w", err)
 		}
 		go certWatcher.Watch(ctx)
+		s.staticCertWatcher = certWatcher
 		tlsConfig.GetCertificate = certWatcher.GetCertificate
 		return tlsConfig, nil
 	}
@@ -658,8 +903,10 @@ func (s *Server) gracefulShutdown() {
 	defer drainCancel()
 
 	s.Logger.Info("draining in-flight connections")
-	if err := s.https.Shutdown(drainCtx); err != nil {
-		s.Logger.Warnf("https server drain: %v", err)
+	if s.https != nil {
+		if err := s.https.Shutdown(drainCtx); err != nil {
+			s.Logger.Warnf("https server drain: %v", err)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Step 4: Close hijacked connections (WebSocket) that Shutdown does not handle.
@@ -806,6 +1053,18 @@ func (s *Server) resolveDialFunc(accountID types.AccountID) (types.DialContextFu
 	return client.DialContext, nil
 }
 
+// initPrivateInbound wires per-account inbound listeners when --private
+// is set. When the flag is off this is a no-op and the standalone proxy keeps
+// its byte-for-byte previous behaviour.
+func (s *Server) initPrivateInbound(handler http.Handler, tlsConfig *tls.Config) {
+	if !s.Private {
+		return
+	}
+	s.inbound = newInboundManager(s.Logger, handler, tlsConfig)
+	s.netbird.SetClientLifecycle(s.inbound.onClientReady, s.inbound.onClientStop)
+	s.Logger.Info("private inbound listeners enabled (per-account :80 + :443)")
+}
+
 // notifyError reports a resource error back to management so it can be
 // surfaced to the user (e.g. port bind failure, dialer resolution error).
 func (s *Server) notifyError(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping, err error) {
@@ -876,7 +1135,7 @@ func (s *Server) getOrCreatePortRouter(ctx context.Context, port uint16) (*nbtcp
 	router := nbtcp.NewPortRouter(s.Logger, s.resolveDialFunc)
 	router.SetObserver(s.meter)
 	router.SetAccessLogger(s.accessLog)
-	portCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	portCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(s.portRouterContext(ctx))
 
 	s.portRouters[port] = &portRouter{
 		router:   router,
@@ -892,10 +1151,26 @@ func (s *Server) getOrCreatePortRouter(ctx context.Context, port uint16) (*nbtcp
 		}
 	}()
 
-	s.Logger.Debugf("started per-port router on %s", listenAddr)
+	s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"port":           port,
+		"listen_addr":    listenAddr,
+		"bound_addr":     ln.Addr().String(),
+		"proxy_protocol": s.ProxyProtocol,
+	}).Info("custom TCP listener started")
 	return router, nil
 }
 
+// portRouterContext returns the server-lifetime context for custom TCP
+// listeners. Mapping-batch contexts are cancelled after a batch is applied; a
+// per-port listener must outlive that batch and only stop on service removal or
+// server shutdown.
+func (s *Server) portRouterContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
+	if s.ctx != nil {
+		return s.ctx
+	}
+	return ctx
+}
+
 // cleanupPortIfEmpty tears down a per-port router if it has no remaining
 // routes or fallback. The main port is never cleaned up. Active relay
 // connections are drained before the listener is closed.
@@ -938,43 +1213,44 @@ func (s *Server) newManagementMappingWorker(ctx context.Context, client proto.Pr
 		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
 	}
 
+	// syncSupported tracks whether management supports SyncMappings.
+	// Starts true; set to false on the first Unimplemented error so
+	// subsequent retries skip straight to GetMappingUpdate.
+	syncSupported := true
 	initialSyncDone := false
 
 	operation := func() error {
 		s.Logger.Debug("connecting to management mapping stream")
 
+		initialSyncDone = false
+
+		if s.healthChecker != nil {
+			s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(false)
+		}
+
+		connected := false
+		onConnected := func() { connected = true }
+
+		var streamErr error
+		if syncSupported {
+			streamErr = s.trySyncMappings(ctx, client, &initialSyncDone, onConnected)
+			if isSyncUnimplemented(streamErr) {
+				syncSupported = false
+				s.Logger.Info("management does not support SyncMappings, falling back to GetMappingUpdate")
+				streamErr = s.tryGetMappingUpdate(ctx, client, &initialSyncDone, onConnected)
+			}
+		} else {
+			streamErr = s.tryGetMappingUpdate(ctx, client, &initialSyncDone, onConnected)
+		}
+
 		if s.healthChecker != nil {
 			s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(false)
 		}
 
-		supportsCrowdSec := s.crowdsecRegistry.Available()
-		mappingClient, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
-			ProxyId:   s.ID,
-			Version:   s.Version,
-			StartedAt: timestamppb.New(s.startTime),
-			Address:   s.ProxyURL,
-			Capabilities: &proto.ProxyCapabilities{
-				SupportsCustomPorts: &s.SupportsCustomPorts,
-				RequireSubdomain:    &s.RequireSubdomain,
-				SupportsCrowdsec:    &supportsCrowdSec,
-			},
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("create mapping stream: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if s.healthChecker != nil {
-			s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(true)
-		}
-		s.Logger.Debug("management mapping stream established")
-
-		// Stream established — reset backoff so the next failure retries quickly.
-		bo.Reset()
-
-		streamErr := s.handleMappingStream(ctx, mappingClient, &initialSyncDone)
-
-		if s.healthChecker != nil {
-			s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(false)
+		// Reset backoff only when a stream actually connected, so immediate
+		// connect failures still back off instead of spinning.
+		if connected {
+			bo.Reset()
 		}
 
 		if streamErr == nil {
@@ -993,53 +1269,314 @@ func (s *Server) newManagementMappingWorker(ctx context.Context, client proto.Pr
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Server) handleMappingStream(ctx context.Context, mappingClient proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient, initialSyncDone *bool) error {
+func (s *Server) proxyCapabilities() *proto.ProxyCapabilities {
+	supportsCrowdSec := s.crowdsecRegistry.Available()
+	privateCapability := s.Private
+	// Always true: this build enforces ProxyMapping.private via the auth middleware.
+	supportsPrivateService := true
+	return &proto.ProxyCapabilities{
+		SupportsCustomPorts:    &s.SupportsCustomPorts,
+		RequireSubdomain:       &s.RequireSubdomain,
+		SupportsCrowdsec:       &supportsCrowdSec,
+		Private:                &privateCapability,
+		SupportsPrivateService: &supportsPrivateService,
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Server) tryGetMappingUpdate(ctx context.Context, client proto.ProxyServiceClient, initialSyncDone *bool, onConnected func()) error {
+	connectTime := time.Now()
+	mappingClient, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId:      s.ID,
+		Version:      s.Version,
+		StartedAt:    timestamppb.New(s.startTime),
+		Address:      s.ProxyURL,
+		Capabilities: s.proxyCapabilities(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create mapping stream: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	onConnected()
+	if s.healthChecker != nil {
+		s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(true)
+	}
+	s.Logger.Debug("management mapping stream established (GetMappingUpdate)")
+
+	return s.handleMappingStream(ctx, mappingClient, initialSyncDone, connectTime)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) trySyncMappings(ctx context.Context, client proto.ProxyServiceClient, initialSyncDone *bool, onConnected func()) error {
+	connectTime := time.Now()
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create sync stream: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId:      s.ID,
+				Version:      s.Version,
+				StartedAt:    timestamppb.New(s.startTime),
+				Address:      s.ProxyURL,
+				Capabilities: s.proxyCapabilities(),
+			},
+		},
+	}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("send sync init: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	onConnected()
+	if s.healthChecker != nil {
+		s.healthChecker.SetManagementConnected(true)
+	}
+	s.Logger.Debug("management mapping stream established (SyncMappings)")
+
+	return s.handleSyncMappingsStream(ctx, stream, initialSyncDone, connectTime)
+}
+
+func isSyncUnimplemented(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	return ok && st.Code() == codes.Unimplemented
+}
+
+// handleSyncMappingsStream consumes batches from a bidirectional SyncMappings
+// stream, sending an ack after each batch is fully processed. Management waits
+// for the ack before sending the next batch, providing application-level
+// back-pressure.
+func (s *Server) handleSyncMappingsStream(ctx context.Context, stream proto.ProxyService_SyncMappingsClient, initialSyncDone *bool, connectTime time.Time) error {
 	select {
 	case <-s.routerReady:
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		return ctx.Err()
 	}
 
+	tracker := s.newSnapshotTracker(initialSyncDone, connectTime)
+
 	for {
-		// Check for context completion to gracefully shutdown.
 		select {
 		case <-ctx.Done():
-			// Shutting down.
 			return ctx.Err()
 		default:
-			msg, err := mappingClient.Recv()
+			msg, err := stream.Recv()
 			switch {
 			case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
-				// Mapping connection gracefully terminated by server.
 				return nil
 			case err != nil:
-				// Something has gone horribly wrong, return and hope the parent retries the connection.
 				return fmt.Errorf("receive msg: %w", err)
 			}
-			s.Logger.Debug("Received mapping update, starting processing")
-			s.processMappings(ctx, msg.GetMapping())
-			s.Logger.Debug("Processing mapping update completed")
 
-			if !*initialSyncDone && msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
-				if s.healthChecker != nil {
-					s.healthChecker.SetInitialSyncComplete()
-				}
-				*initialSyncDone = true
-				s.Logger.Info("Initial mapping sync complete")
+			batchStart := time.Now()
+			s.Logger.Debug("Received mapping update, starting processing")
+			if err := s.processMappingsGuarded(ctx, msg.GetMapping()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			s.Logger.Debug("Processing mapping update completed")
+			tracker.recordBatch(ctx, s, msg.GetMapping(), msg.GetInitialSyncComplete(), batchStart)
+
+			if err := stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+				Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+			}); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("send ack: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-func (s *Server) processMappings(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping) {
-	for _, mapping := range mappings {
+// snapshotTracker accumulates service IDs during the initial snapshot and
+// finalises sync state when the complete flag arrives. Used by both
+// handleMappingStream and handleSyncMappingsStream so metric emission and
+// reconciliation behave identically on either RPC.
+type snapshotTracker struct {
+	done        *bool
+	connectTime time.Time
+	snapshotIDs map[types.ServiceID]struct{}
+}
+
+func (s *Server) newSnapshotTracker(done *bool, connectTime time.Time) *snapshotTracker {
+	var ids map[types.ServiceID]struct{}
+	if !*done {
+		ids = make(map[types.ServiceID]struct{})
+	}
+	return &snapshotTracker{done: done, connectTime: connectTime, snapshotIDs: ids}
+}
+
+func (t *snapshotTracker) recordBatch(ctx context.Context, s *Server, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping, syncComplete bool, batchStart time.Time) {
+	if *t.done {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if s.meter != nil {
+		s.meter.RecordSnapshotBatchDuration(time.Since(batchStart))
+	}
+
+	for _, m := range mappings {
+		t.snapshotIDs[types.ServiceID(m.GetId())] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	if !syncComplete {
+		return
+	}
+
+	s.reconcileSnapshot(ctx, t.snapshotIDs)
+	t.snapshotIDs = nil
+	if s.healthChecker != nil {
+		s.healthChecker.SetInitialSyncComplete()
+	}
+	*t.done = true
+	if s.meter != nil {
+		s.meter.RecordSnapshotSyncDuration(time.Since(t.connectTime))
+	}
+	s.Logger.Info("Initial mapping sync complete")
+}
+
+func (s *Server) handleMappingStream(ctx context.Context, mappingClient proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient, initialSyncDone *bool, connectTime time.Time) error {
+	select {
+	case <-s.routerReady:
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+
+	tracker := s.newSnapshotTracker(initialSyncDone, connectTime)
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		default:
+			msg, err := mappingClient.Recv()
+			switch {
+			case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
+				return nil
+			case err != nil:
+				return fmt.Errorf("receive msg: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			batchStart := time.Now()
+			s.Logger.Debug("Received mapping update, starting processing")
+			if err := s.processMappingsGuarded(ctx, msg.GetMapping()); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			s.Logger.Debug("Processing mapping update completed")
+			tracker.recordBatch(ctx, s, msg.GetMapping(), msg.GetInitialSyncComplete(), batchStart)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// reconcileSnapshot removes local mappings that are absent from the snapshot.
+// This ensures services deleted while the proxy was disconnected get cleaned up.
+func (s *Server) reconcileSnapshot(ctx context.Context, snapshotIDs map[types.ServiceID]struct{}) {
+	s.portMu.RLock()
+	var stale []*proto.ProxyMapping
+	for svcID, mapping := range s.lastMappings {
+		if _, ok := snapshotIDs[svcID]; !ok {
+			stale = append(stale, mapping)
+		}
+	}
+	s.portMu.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, mapping := range stale {
 		s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
-			"type":   mapping.GetType(),
-			"domain": mapping.GetDomain(),
-			"mode":   mapping.GetMode(),
-			"port":   mapping.GetListenPort(),
-			"id":     mapping.GetId(),
-		}).Debug("Processing mapping update")
+			"service_id": mapping.GetId(),
+			"domain":     mapping.GetDomain(),
+		}).Info("Removing stale mapping absent from snapshot")
+		s.removeMapping(ctx, mapping)
+	}
+}
+
+// mappingJSONMarshal dumps mappings on one line with zero-value fields visible for debug logs.
+var mappingJSONMarshal = protojson.MarshalOptions{
+	Multiline:       false,
+	EmitUnpopulated: true,
+	UseProtoNames:   true,
+}
+
+// redactMappingForLog returns a deep copy of the mapping with sensitive fields
+// (auth_token, header-auth hashed values, custom upstream headers) replaced so
+// debug logs never carry credentials.
+func redactMappingForLog(m *proto.ProxyMapping) *proto.ProxyMapping {
+	const placeholder = "[REDACTED]"
+	c := goproto.Clone(m).(*proto.ProxyMapping)
+	if c.GetAuthToken() != "" {
+		c.AuthToken = placeholder
+	}
+	if c.Auth != nil {
+		for _, h := range c.Auth.GetHeaderAuths() {
+			if h.GetHashedValue() != "" {
+				h.HashedValue = placeholder
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, p := range c.GetPath() {
+		opts := p.GetOptions()
+		if opts == nil || len(opts.CustomHeaders) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		redacted := make(map[string]string, len(opts.CustomHeaders))
+		for k := range opts.CustomHeaders {
+			redacted[k] = placeholder
+		}
+		opts.CustomHeaders = redacted
+	}
+	return c
+}
+
+const defaultMappingBatchWatchdog = 2 * time.Minute
+
+// mappingBatchWatchdog returns the configured batch watchdog or the default.
+func (s *Server) mappingBatchWatchdog() time.Duration {
+	if s.MappingBatchWatchdog > 0 {
+		return s.MappingBatchWatchdog
+	}
+	return defaultMappingBatchWatchdog
+}
+
+// processMappingsGuarded applies a batch under a watchdog, returning an error
+// if processing exceeds the watchdog so the caller reconnects and resyncs
+// instead of wedging silently.
+func (s *Server) processMappingsGuarded(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping) error {
+	batchCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		s.processMappings(batchCtx, mappings)
+	}()
+
+	watchdog := s.mappingBatchWatchdog()
+	timer := time.NewTimer(watchdog)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		return nil
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-timer.C:
+		s.Logger.Errorf("processing mapping batch exceeded %s, cancelling and reconnecting to resync", watchdog)
+		return fmt.Errorf("mapping batch processing stalled after %s", watchdog)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Server) processMappings(ctx context.Context, mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping) {
+	debug := s.Logger != nil && s.Logger.IsLevelEnabled(log.DebugLevel)
+	for _, mapping := range mappings {
+		if debug {
+			raw, err := mappingJSONMarshal.Marshal(redactMappingForLog(mapping))
+			if err != nil {
+				raw = []byte(fmt.Sprintf("<marshal error: %v>", err))
+			}
+			s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+				"type":    mapping.GetType(),
+				"domain":  mapping.GetDomain(),
+				"id":      mapping.GetId(),
+				"mapping": string(raw),
+			}).Debug("Processing mapping update")
+		}
 		switch mapping.GetType() {
 		case proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED:
 			if err := s.addMapping(ctx, mapping); err != nil {
@@ -1135,13 +1672,19 @@ func (s *Server) setupHTTPMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMappi
 	var wildcardHit bool
 	if s.acme != nil {
 		wildcardHit = s.acme.AddDomain(d, accountID, svcID)
+	} else {
+		wildcardHit = s.staticCertCovers(d)
 	}
-	s.mainRouter.AddRoute(nbtcp.SNIHost(mapping.GetDomain()), nbtcp.Route{
+	httpRoute := nbtcp.Route{
 		Type:      nbtcp.RouteHTTP,
 		AccountID: accountID,
 		ServiceID: svcID,
 		Domain:    mapping.GetDomain(),
-	})
+	}
+	s.mainRouter.AddRoute(nbtcp.SNIHost(mapping.GetDomain()), httpRoute)
+	if s.inbound != nil {
+		s.inbound.AddRoute(accountID, nbtcp.SNIHost(mapping.GetDomain()), httpRoute)
+	}
 	if err := s.updateMapping(ctx, mapping); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("update mapping for domain %q: %w", d, err)
 	}
@@ -1155,6 +1698,26 @@ func (s *Server) setupHTTPMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMappi
 	return nil
 }
 
+// staticCertCovers reports whether the static certificate loaded when ACME is
+// disabled covers the given domain, making it certificate-ready immediately —
+// the equivalent of a wildcard hit in the ACME path. Domains the certificate
+// does not cover are logged: clients connecting to them will get TLS errors.
+func (s *Server) staticCertCovers(d domain.Domain) bool {
+	if s.staticCertWatcher == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	leaf := s.staticCertWatcher.Leaf()
+	if leaf == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	name := d.PunycodeString()
+	if err := leaf.VerifyHostname(name); err != nil {
+		s.Logger.Warnf("static certificate (SANs %v) does not cover domain %q: %v", leaf.DNSNames, name, err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 // setupTCPMapping sets up a TCP port-forwarding fallback route on the listen port.
 func (s *Server) setupTCPMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) error {
 	svcID := types.ServiceID(mapping.GetId())
@@ -1201,6 +1764,13 @@ func (s *Server) setupTCPMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMappin
 
 	s.meter.L4ServiceAdded(types.ServiceModeTCP)
 	s.sendStatusUpdate(ctx, accountID, svcID, proto.ProxyStatus_PROXY_STATUS_ACTIVE, nil)
+
+	s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
+		"domain":  mapping.GetDomain(),
+		"target":  targetAddr,
+		"port":    port,
+		"service": svcID,
+	}).Info("TCP mapping added")
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -1449,7 +2019,7 @@ func (s *Server) addUDPRelay(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping, t
 		"service_id":  svcID,
 	})
 
-	relay := udprelay.New(ctx, udprelay.RelayConfig{
+	relay := udprelay.New(s.portRouterContext(ctx), udprelay.RelayConfig{
 		Logger:      entry,
 		Listener:    listener,
 		Target:      targetAddress,
@@ -1493,30 +2063,157 @@ func (s *Server) updateMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping)
 	if mapping.GetAuth().GetOidc() {
 		schemes = append(schemes, auth.NewOIDC(s.mgmtClient, svcID, accountID, s.ForwardedProto))
 	}
-	for _, ha := range mapping.GetAuth().GetHeaderAuths() {
-		schemes = append(schemes, auth.NewHeader(s.mgmtClient, svcID, accountID, ha.GetHeader()))
-	}
+	schemes = append(schemes, headerAuthSchemes(mapping.GetAuth().GetHeaderAuths())...)
 
 	ipRestrictions := s.parseRestrictions(mapping)
 	s.warnIfGeoUnavailable(mapping.GetDomain(), mapping.GetAccessRestrictions())
 
 	maxSessionAge := time.Duration(mapping.GetAuth().GetMaxSessionAgeSeconds()) * time.Second
-	if err := s.auth.AddDomain(mapping.GetDomain(), schemes, mapping.GetAuth().GetSessionKey(), maxSessionAge, accountID, svcID, ipRestrictions); err != nil {
+	if err := s.auth.AddDomain(mapping.GetDomain(), schemes, mapping.GetAuth().GetSessionKey(), maxSessionAge, accountID, svcID, ipRestrictions, mapping.GetPrivate(), mapping.GetAuth().GetAllowedGroupIds()); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("auth setup for domain %s: %w", mapping.GetDomain(), err)
 	}
 	m := s.protoToMapping(ctx, mapping)
-	s.proxy.AddMapping(m)
+	// The chain is published before the route that leads to it. A request
+	// arriving at a target whose chain has not been rebuilt yet is served
+	// straight through, so a provider update that added the route first left a
+	// window in which an inference could complete unrouted and unmetered.
+	// Rebuilding first inverts that: the worst a request in the window meets is
+	// the new chain in front of the previous target, which is still counted.
+	if err := s.rebuildMiddlewareChains(svcID, m); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 	s.meter.AddMapping(m)
+	s.proxy.AddMapping(m)
 	return nil
 }
 
+// headerAuthSchemes builds one scheme per canonical header name, carrying every
+// hash configured for that name so any of them is accepted — the OR semantics
+// management applied while it still validated the credential itself. No entry is
+// ever dropped: a name that arrives blank, or without a hash, still yields a
+// scheme, because a mapping that lost its only scheme would fall through
+// Protect's no-schemes pass-through and serve the domain unauthenticated.
+func headerAuthSchemes(headerAuths []*proto.HeaderAuth) []auth.Scheme {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(headerAuths))
+	hashes := make(map[string][]string, len(headerAuths))
+	for _, ha := range headerAuths {
+		name := http.CanonicalHeaderKey(ha.GetHeader())
+		if !slices.Contains(names, name) {
+			names = append(names, name)
+		}
+		if hash := ha.GetHashedValue(); hash != "" {
+			hashes[name] = append(hashes[name], hash)
+		}
+	}
+
+	schemes := make([]auth.Scheme, 0, len(names))
+	for _, name := range names {
+		schemes = append(schemes, auth.NewHeader(name, hashes[name]))
+	}
+	return schemes
+}
+
+// initMiddlewareManager wires the middleware subsystem at boot. It configures
+// the per-process FactoryContext concrete middlewares consult, installs the
+// live-service check, and binds the resolver to the registry concrete
+// middlewares register themselves into via init().
+func (s *Server) initMiddlewareManager(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if s.meter == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("middleware manager requires metrics bundle")
+	}
+	otelMeter := s.meter.Meter()
+	mwbuiltin.Configure(ctx, otelMeter, s.Logger, s.mgmtClient)
+
+	mwMetrics, err := middleware.NewMetrics(otelMeter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("init middleware metrics: %w", err)
+	}
+	budgetBytes := s.MiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes
+	if budgetBytes <= 0 {
+		budgetBytes = defaultMiddlewareCaptureBudgetBytes
+	}
+
+	registry := mwbuiltin.DefaultRegistry()
+	mgr := middleware.NewManager(budgetBytes, mwMetrics, s.Logger)
+	mgr.SetResolver(middleware.NewResolver(registry))
+	mgr.SetLiveServiceCheck(s.isLiveService)
+
+	s.middlewareRegistry = registry
+	s.middlewareManager = mgr
+	ids := registry.IDs()
+	s.Logger.Infof("middleware system enabled: %d built-in middlewares registered %v, capture budget %d bytes",
+		len(ids), ids, budgetBytes)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// rebuildMiddlewareChains converts m into per-path bindings and calls
+// Manager.Rebuild. Short-circuits when the middleware manager is unset, which
+// is a deployment without middleware rather than a failure to install it.
+//
+// A rebuild that fails is reported rather than logged: the caller publishes
+// the route once this returns, and a route published over chains that were
+// not installed serves requests with no policy enforcement and no metering.
+func (s *Server) rebuildMiddlewareChains(svcID types.ServiceID, m proxy.Mapping) error {
+	if s.middlewareManager == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	bindings := buildMiddlewareBindings(svcID, m)
+	if err := s.middlewareManager.Rebuild(string(svcID), bindings); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("rebuild middleware chains for service %s: %w", svcID, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// isLiveService reports whether svcID is currently present in the live
+// mapping cache. Used by the middleware manager to confirm a chain is still
+// referenced before rebuilding it from cached bindings.
+func (s *Server) isLiveService(svcID string) bool {
+	s.portMu.RLock()
+	defer s.portMu.RUnlock()
+	_, ok := s.lastMappings[types.ServiceID(svcID)]
+	return ok
+}
+
+// invalidateMiddlewareChains drops every middleware chain registered for svcID.
+func (s *Server) invalidateMiddlewareChains(svcID types.ServiceID) {
+	if s.middlewareManager == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	s.middlewareManager.Invalidate(string(svcID))
+}
+
+// buildMiddlewareBindings converts the path targets of m into the per-path
+// binding list the middleware manager's Rebuild expects. Targets without any
+// middleware specs are skipped.
+func buildMiddlewareBindings(svcID types.ServiceID, m proxy.Mapping) []middleware.PathTargetBinding {
+	if len(m.Paths) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	bindings := make([]middleware.PathTargetBinding, 0, len(m.Paths))
+	for pathID, pt := range m.Paths {
+		if pt == nil || len(pt.Middlewares) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		bindings = append(bindings, middleware.PathTargetBinding{
+			ServiceID: string(svcID),
+			PathID:    pathID,
+			Specs:     pt.Middlewares,
+		})
+	}
+	return bindings
+}
+
 // removeMapping tears down routes/relays and the NetBird peer for a service.
 // Uses the stored mapping state when available to ensure all previously
 // configured routes are cleaned up.
 func (s *Server) removeMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) {
 	accountID := types.AccountID(mapping.GetAccountId())
 	svcKey := s.serviceKeyForMapping(mapping)
-	if err := s.netbird.RemovePeer(ctx, accountID, svcKey); err != nil {
+	removePeer := s.removePeer
+	if removePeer == nil {
+		removePeer = s.netbird.RemovePeer
+	}
+	if err := removePeer(ctx, accountID, svcKey); err != nil {
 		s.Logger.WithFields(log.Fields{
 			"account_id": accountID,
 			"service_id": mapping.GetId(),
@@ -1541,6 +2238,8 @@ func (s *Server) cleanupMappingRoutes(mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) {
 	svcID := types.ServiceID(mapping.GetId())
 	host := mapping.GetDomain()
 
+	s.invalidateMiddlewareChains(svcID)
+
 	// HTTP/TLS cleanup (only relevant when a domain is set).
 	if host != "" {
 		d := domain.Domain(host)
@@ -1557,6 +2256,9 @@ func (s *Server) cleanupMappingRoutes(mapping *proto.ProxyMapping) {
 		}
 		// Remove SNI route from the main router (covers both HTTP and main-port TLS).
 		s.mainRouter.RemoveRoute(nbtcp.SNIHost(host), svcID)
+		if s.inbound != nil {
+			s.inbound.RemoveRoute(types.AccountID(mapping.GetAccountId()), nbtcp.SNIHost(host), svcID)
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Extract and delete tracked custom-port entries atomically.
@@ -1644,6 +2346,13 @@ func (s *Server) protoToMapping(ctx context.Context, mapping *proto.ProxyMapping
 			if d := opts.GetRequestTimeout(); d != nil {
 				pt.RequestTimeout = d.AsDuration()
 			}
+			pt.DirectUpstream = opts.GetDirectUpstream()
+			// Agent-network middleware specs + capture config + flag ride on
+			// the same per-target options.
+			pt.CaptureConfig = translateMiddlewareCaptureConfig(mapping.GetId(), opts)
+			pt.Middlewares = translateMiddlewareConfigs(ctx, mapping.GetId(), opts.GetMiddlewares(), s.middlewareRegistry)
+			pt.AgentNetwork = opts.GetAgentNetwork()
+			pt.DisableAccessLog = opts.GetDisableAccessLog()
 		}
 		pt.RequestTimeout = s.clampDialTimeout(pt.RequestTimeout)
 		paths[pathMapping.GetPath()] = pt
diff --git a/proxy/server_test.go b/proxy/server_test.go
index b4fb4f8ba..9cef63b95 100644
--- a/proxy/server_test.go
+++ b/proxy/server_test.go
@@ -1,9 +1,27 @@
 package proxy
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/noop"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/auth"
+	proxymetrics "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/metrics"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/hash/argon2id"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 )
 
 func TestDebugEndpointDisabledByDefault(t *testing.T) {
@@ -46,3 +64,321 @@ func TestDebugEndpointAddr(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+// quietLifecycleLogger keeps lifecycle tests from spamming the test output.
+func quietLifecycleLogger() *log.Logger {
+	l := log.New()
+	l.SetOutput(io.Discard)
+	l.SetLevel(log.PanicLevel)
+	return l
+}
+
+func TestStopBeforeStartIsNoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := New(t.Context(), Config{Logger: quietLifecycleLogger()})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	err := srv.Stop(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Stop on an unstarted server must succeed without error")
+
+	err = srv.Stop(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Stop must remain idempotent across repeated calls")
+}
+
+func TestStartFailsWithoutManagement(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := New(t.Context(), Config{
+		Logger:            quietLifecycleLogger(),
+		ListenAddr:        "127.0.0.1:0",
+		ManagementAddress: "://broken-url",
+	})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	err := srv.Start(ctx)
+	require.Error(t, err, "Start must surface management dial failures")
+
+	assert.True(t, srv.started, "started flag is set before any dial attempt so a second Start fails fast")
+
+	err = srv.Start(ctx)
+	require.Error(t, err, "second Start must reject")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "already started", "error must explain why the call was rejected")
+}
+
+func TestStopIsIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &Server{
+		Logger:    quietLifecycleLogger(),
+		started:   true,
+		runErrCh:  make(chan struct{}),
+		runCancel: func() {},
+	}
+	srv.recordRunErr(errors.New("synthetic"))
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	err := srv.Stop(ctx)
+	require.Error(t, err, "Stop must surface the recorded background error")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "synthetic", "error must round-trip recordRunErr's value")
+
+	err = srv.Stop(ctx)
+	require.Error(t, err, "second Stop must still report the same error")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "synthetic", "idempotent Stop must return the cached error")
+}
+
+func TestRecordRunErrPreservesFirstFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := &Server{
+		Logger:   quietLifecycleLogger(),
+		runErrCh: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+
+	srv.recordRunErr(errors.New("first"))
+	srv.recordRunErr(errors.New("second"))
+
+	require.Error(t, srv.runErr, "first failure must be retained")
+	assert.Contains(t, srv.runErr.Error(), "first", "second call must not overwrite the cached error")
+
+	select {
+	case <-srv.runErrCh:
+	default:
+		t.Fatal("recordRunErr must close runErrCh so waitAndStop unblocks")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStopSkipsShutdownWhenNeverStarted(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := New(t.Context(), Config{Logger: quietLifecycleLogger()})
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	err := srv.Stop(ctx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "Stop on an unstarted server should not block on the cancelled ctx")
+}
+
+func TestRedactMappingForLog_ScrubsSensitiveFields(t *testing.T) {
+	original := &proto.ProxyMapping{
+		Id:        "svc-1",
+		Domain:    "example.com",
+		AuthToken: "super-secret-token",
+		Auth: &proto.Authentication{
+			SessionKey: "pubkey-not-secret",
+			HeaderAuths: []*proto.HeaderAuth{
+				{Header: "Authorization", HashedValue: "argon2-hash-1"},
+				{Header: "X-Api-Key", HashedValue: "argon2-hash-2"},
+			},
+		},
+		Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+			{
+				Path:   "/api",
+				Target: "10.0.0.1:8080",
+				Options: &proto.PathTargetOptions{
+					CustomHeaders: map[string]string{
+						"Authorization": "Bearer upstream-token",
+						"X-Tenant":      "acme",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	redacted := redactMappingForLog(original)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "super-secret-token", original.AuthToken, "original must not be mutated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "argon2-hash-1", original.Auth.HeaderAuths[0].HashedValue, "original header hash must not be mutated")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Bearer upstream-token", original.Path[0].Options.CustomHeaders["Authorization"], "original custom header must not be mutated")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", redacted.AuthToken, "auth_token must be redacted")
+	require.Len(t, redacted.Auth.HeaderAuths, 2, "header auths must be preserved in count")
+	assert.Equal(t, "Authorization", redacted.Auth.HeaderAuths[0].Header, "header name must be preserved")
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", redacted.Auth.HeaderAuths[0].HashedValue, "hashed_value must be redacted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", redacted.Auth.HeaderAuths[1].HashedValue, "hashed_value must be redacted for every header auth")
+	assert.Equal(t, "pubkey-not-secret", redacted.Auth.SessionKey, "session_key (public) must be preserved")
+
+	headers := redacted.Path[0].Options.CustomHeaders
+	require.Len(t, headers, 2, "custom header keys must be preserved")
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", headers["Authorization"], "custom header values must be redacted")
+	assert.Equal(t, "[REDACTED]", headers["X-Tenant"], "every custom header value must be redacted")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "svc-1", redacted.Id, "non-sensitive fields must round-trip")
+	assert.Equal(t, "example.com", redacted.Domain, "non-sensitive fields must round-trip")
+}
+
+func TestRedactMappingForLog_HandlesEmptyOrNilFields(t *testing.T) {
+	empty := &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-empty"}
+	redacted := redactMappingForLog(empty)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "", redacted.AuthToken, "empty auth_token must remain empty (no placeholder)")
+	assert.Nil(t, redacted.Auth, "nil Auth must remain nil")
+	assert.Empty(t, redacted.Path, "empty Path must remain empty")
+}
+
+// headerSchemeAccepts reports whether the scheme admits value for headerName.
+func headerSchemeAccepts(t *testing.T, scheme auth.Scheme, headerName, value string) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+	hdr, ok := scheme.(auth.Header)
+	require.True(t, ok, "header auths must produce Header schemes")
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "http://example.com/", nil)
+	req.Header.Set(headerName, value)
+	_, matched, _ := hdr.Verify(req)
+	return matched
+}
+
+func TestHeaderAuthSchemes_GroupsValuesByCanonicalHeaderName(t *testing.T) {
+	hashOf := func(v string) string {
+		hash, err := argon2id.Hash(v)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return hash
+	}
+
+	schemes := headerAuthSchemes([]*proto.HeaderAuth{
+		{Header: "Authorization", HashedValue: hashOf("Bearer a")},
+		{Header: "authorization", HashedValue: hashOf("Bearer b")},
+		{Header: "X-Api-Key", HashedValue: hashOf("key-1")},
+	})
+
+	require.Len(t, schemes, 2, "entries differing only in header-name case must collapse into one scheme")
+
+	assert.True(t, headerSchemeAccepts(t, schemes[0], "Authorization", "Bearer a"), "first value for the header must be accepted")
+	assert.True(t, headerSchemeAccepts(t, schemes[0], "Authorization", "Bearer b"), "second value for the same header must be accepted")
+	assert.False(t, headerSchemeAccepts(t, schemes[0], "Authorization", "Bearer c"), "unconfigured value must be rejected")
+	assert.True(t, headerSchemeAccepts(t, schemes[1], "X-Api-Key", "key-1"), "a second header name keeps its own scheme")
+}
+
+// TestHeaderAuthSchemes_MissingHashFailsClosed covers a mapping that names a
+// header but carries no hash for it. Dropping the scheme would leave a service
+// whose only auth is that header wide open, so the scheme is kept and denies.
+func TestHeaderAuthSchemes_MissingHashFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	schemes := headerAuthSchemes([]*proto.HeaderAuth{{Header: "X-Api-Key"}})
+
+	require.Len(t, schemes, 1, "a header without a hash must still register a scheme")
+	assert.False(t, headerSchemeAccepts(t, schemes[0], "X-Api-Key", "anything"),
+		"a header auth without a hash must reject every value")
+}
+
+// TestHeaderAuthSchemes_BlankNameFailsClosed covers a mapping row whose header
+// name is empty. Skipping it would leave a service whose only auth is that entry
+// with no schemes at all, which Protect treats as an unprotected domain, so the
+// entry is kept and the domain stays gated.
+func TestHeaderAuthSchemes_BlankNameFailsClosed(t *testing.T) {
+	schemes := headerAuthSchemes([]*proto.HeaderAuth{{Header: "", HashedValue: "$argon2id$not-a-real-hash"}})
+
+	require.Len(t, schemes, 1, "a blank header name must still register a scheme")
+	assert.False(t, headerSchemeAccepts(t, schemes[0], "X-Api-Key", "anything"),
+		"a blank header auth must not admit any request")
+}
+
+type statusUpdateOnlyClient struct {
+	proto.ProxyServiceClient
+}
+
+func (statusUpdateOnlyClient) SendStatusUpdate(context.Context, *proto.SendStatusUpdateRequest, ...grpc.CallOption) (*proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse, error) {
+	return &proto.SendStatusUpdateResponse{}, nil
+}
+
+func TestSetupTCPMappingBindsCustomListenPort(t *testing.T) {
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	port := uint16(ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port) //nolint:gosec // test port allocated by the OS
+	require.NoError(t, ln.Close())
+
+	meter, err := proxymetrics.New(context.Background(), noop.Meter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	srv := &Server{
+		Logger:      quietLifecycleLogger(),
+		mgmtClient:  statusUpdateOnlyClient{},
+		meter:       meter,
+		mainPort:    8443,
+		portRouters: make(map[uint16]*portRouter),
+		svcPorts:    make(map[types.ServiceID][]uint16),
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		srv.portMu.Lock()
+		for p, pr := range srv.portRouters {
+			pr.cancel()
+			require.NoError(t, pr.listener.Close())
+			delete(srv.portRouters, p)
+		}
+		srv.portMu.Unlock()
+		srv.portRouterWg.Wait()
+	})
+
+	mapping := &proto.ProxyMapping{
+		Type:       proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED,
+		Id:         "svc-tcp",
+		AccountId:  "acct-1",
+		Domain:     "ssh.example.com",
+		Mode:       "tcp",
+		ListenPort: int32(port),
+		Path: []*proto.PathMapping{
+			{Target: "10.0.0.5:22"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, srv.setupTCPMapping(context.Background(), mapping))
+
+	srv.portMu.RLock()
+	pr := srv.portRouters[port]
+	ports := append([]uint16(nil), srv.svcPorts[types.ServiceID("svc-tcp")]...)
+	srv.portMu.RUnlock()
+
+	require.NotNil(t, pr, "custom TCP mapping must create a per-port router")
+	assert.Equal(t, []uint16{port}, ports, "service must track the custom listen port for cleanup")
+
+	second, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port))
+	if err == nil {
+		_ = second.Close()
+	}
+	require.Error(t, err, "custom TCP listen port must be bound after setup")
+}
+
+func TestCustomTCPPortRouterOutlivesMappingBatchContext(t *testing.T) {
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	port := uint16(ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port) //nolint:gosec // test port allocated by the OS
+	require.NoError(t, ln.Close())
+
+	meter, err := proxymetrics.New(context.Background(), noop.Meter{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	srvCtx, srvCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(srvCancel)
+
+	srv := &Server{
+		ctx:         srvCtx,
+		Logger:      quietLifecycleLogger(),
+		meter:       meter,
+		mainPort:    8443,
+		portRouters: make(map[uint16]*portRouter),
+		svcPorts:    make(map[types.ServiceID][]uint16),
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		srv.portMu.Lock()
+		for p, pr := range srv.portRouters {
+			pr.cancel()
+			if err := pr.listener.Close(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			delete(srv.portRouters, p)
+		}
+		srv.portMu.Unlock()
+		srv.portRouterWg.Wait()
+	})
+
+	batchCtx, cancelBatch := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	_, err = srv.getOrCreatePortRouter(batchCtx, port)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cancelBatch()
+
+	assert.Never(t, func() bool {
+		second, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port))
+		if err == nil {
+			_ = second.Close()
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
+	}, 200*time.Millisecond, 10*time.Millisecond, "custom TCP listener must outlive mapping-batch context cancellation")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/snapshot_reconcile_test.go b/proxy/snapshot_reconcile_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e6c80cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/snapshot_reconcile_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/health"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// collectStaleIDs mirrors the stale-detection logic in reconcileSnapshot
+// so we can verify it without triggering removeMapping (which requires full
+// server wiring). This keeps the test focused on the detection algorithm.
+func collectStaleIDs(lastMappings map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping, snapshotIDs map[types.ServiceID]struct{}) []types.ServiceID {
+	var stale []types.ServiceID
+	for svcID := range lastMappings {
+		if _, ok := snapshotIDs[svcID]; !ok {
+			stale = append(stale, svcID)
+		}
+	}
+	return stale
+}
+
+// TestStaleDetection_PartialOverlap verifies that only services absent from
+// the snapshot are flagged as stale.
+func TestStaleDetection_PartialOverlap(t *testing.T) {
+	local := map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping{
+		"svc-1":       {Id: "svc-1"},
+		"svc-2":       {Id: "svc-2"},
+		"svc-stale-a": {Id: "svc-stale-a"},
+		"svc-stale-b": {Id: "svc-stale-b"},
+	}
+	snapshot := map[types.ServiceID]struct{}{
+		"svc-1": {},
+		"svc-2": {},
+		"svc-3": {}, // new service, not in local
+	}
+
+	stale := collectStaleIDs(local, snapshot)
+	assert.Len(t, stale, 2)
+	staleSet := make(map[types.ServiceID]struct{})
+	for _, id := range stale {
+		staleSet[id] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	assert.Contains(t, staleSet, types.ServiceID("svc-stale-a"))
+	assert.Contains(t, staleSet, types.ServiceID("svc-stale-b"))
+}
+
+// TestStaleDetection_AllStale verifies an empty snapshot flags everything.
+func TestStaleDetection_AllStale(t *testing.T) {
+	local := map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping{
+		"svc-1": {Id: "svc-1"},
+		"svc-2": {Id: "svc-2"},
+	}
+	stale := collectStaleIDs(local, map[types.ServiceID]struct{}{})
+	assert.Len(t, stale, 2)
+}
+
+// TestStaleDetection_NoneStale verifies full overlap produces no stale entries.
+func TestStaleDetection_NoneStale(t *testing.T) {
+	local := map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping{
+		"svc-1": {Id: "svc-1"},
+		"svc-2": {Id: "svc-2"},
+	}
+	snapshot := map[types.ServiceID]struct{}{
+		"svc-1": {},
+		"svc-2": {},
+	}
+	stale := collectStaleIDs(local, snapshot)
+	assert.Empty(t, stale)
+}
+
+// TestStaleDetection_EmptyLocal verifies no stale entries when local is empty.
+func TestStaleDetection_EmptyLocal(t *testing.T) {
+	stale := collectStaleIDs(
+		map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping{},
+		map[types.ServiceID]struct{}{"svc-1": {}},
+	)
+	assert.Empty(t, stale)
+}
+
+// TestReconcileSnapshot_NoStale verifies reconciliation is a no-op when all
+// local mappings are present in the snapshot (removeMapping is never called).
+func TestReconcileSnapshot_NoStale(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{
+		Logger:       log.StandardLogger(),
+		lastMappings: make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+	}
+	s.lastMappings["svc-1"] = &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-1"}
+	s.lastMappings["svc-2"] = &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-2"}
+
+	snapshotIDs := map[types.ServiceID]struct{}{
+		"svc-1": {},
+		"svc-2": {},
+	}
+	// This should not panic — no stale entries means removeMapping is never called.
+	s.reconcileSnapshot(context.Background(), snapshotIDs)
+
+	assert.Len(t, s.lastMappings, 2, "no mappings should be removed when all are in snapshot")
+}
+
+// TestReconcileSnapshot_EmptyLocal verifies reconciliation is a no-op with
+// no local mappings.
+func TestReconcileSnapshot_EmptyLocal(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{
+		Logger:       log.StandardLogger(),
+		lastMappings: make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+	}
+	s.reconcileSnapshot(context.Background(), map[types.ServiceID]struct{}{"svc-1": {}})
+	assert.Empty(t, s.lastMappings)
+}
+
+// --- handleMappingStream tests for batched snapshot ID accumulation ---
+
+// TestHandleMappingStream_BatchedSnapshotSyncComplete verifies that sync is
+// marked done only after the final InitialSyncComplete message, even when
+// the snapshot arrives in multiple batches.
+func TestHandleMappingStream_BatchedSnapshotSyncComplete(t *testing.T) {
+	checker := health.NewChecker(nil, nil)
+	s := &Server{
+		Logger:        log.StandardLogger(),
+		healthChecker: checker,
+		routerReady:   closedChan(),
+		lastMappings:  make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+	}
+
+	stream := &mockMappingStream{
+		messages: []*proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+			{},                          // batch 1: no sync-complete
+			{},                          // batch 2: no sync-complete
+			{InitialSyncComplete: true}, // batch 3: sync done
+		},
+	}
+
+	syncDone := false
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, syncDone, "sync should be marked done after final batch")
+}
+
+// TestHandleMappingStream_PostSyncDoesNotReconcile verifies that messages
+// arriving after InitialSyncComplete do not trigger a second reconciliation.
+func TestHandleMappingStream_PostSyncDoesNotReconcile(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{
+		Logger:       log.StandardLogger(),
+		routerReady:  closedChan(),
+		lastMappings: make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+	}
+
+	// Simulate state left over from a previous sync.
+	s.lastMappings["svc-1"] = &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1"}
+	s.lastMappings["svc-2"] = &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-2", AccountId: "acct-1"}
+
+	stream := &mockMappingStream{
+		messages: []*proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+			{}, // post-sync empty message — must not reconcile
+		},
+	}
+
+	syncDone := true // sync already completed in a previous stream
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	assert.Len(t, s.lastMappings, 2,
+		"post-sync messages must not trigger reconciliation — all entries should survive")
+}
+
+// TestHandleMappingStream_ImmediateEOF_NoReconciliation verifies that if the
+// stream closes before sync completes, no reconciliation occurs.
+func TestHandleMappingStream_ImmediateEOF_NoReconciliation(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{
+		Logger:       log.StandardLogger(),
+		routerReady:  closedChan(),
+		lastMappings: make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+	}
+
+	s.lastMappings["svc-stale"] = &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-stale", AccountId: "acct-1"}
+
+	stream := &mockMappingStream{} // no messages → immediate EOF
+
+	syncDone := false
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), stream, &syncDone, time.Time{})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, syncDone, "sync should not be marked done on immediate EOF")
+
+	_, hasStale := s.lastMappings["svc-stale"]
+	assert.True(t, hasStale, "stale mapping should remain when sync never completed")
+}
+
+// mockErrRecvStream returns an error on the second Recv to verify
+// handleMappingStream returns without completing sync.
+type mockErrRecvStream struct {
+	mockMappingStream
+	calls int
+}
+
+func (m *mockErrRecvStream) Recv() (*proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse, error) {
+	m.calls++
+	if m.calls == 1 {
+		return &proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{}, nil
+	}
+	return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+}
+
+func TestHandleMappingStream_ErrorMidSync_NoReconciliation(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{
+		Logger:       log.StandardLogger(),
+		routerReady:  closedChan(),
+		lastMappings: make(map[types.ServiceID]*proto.ProxyMapping),
+	}
+
+	s.lastMappings["svc-stale"] = &proto.ProxyMapping{Id: "svc-stale", AccountId: "acct-1"}
+
+	syncDone := false
+	err := s.handleMappingStream(context.Background(), &mockErrRecvStream{}, &syncDone, time.Time{})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, syncDone)
+
+	_, hasStale := s.lastMappings["svc-stale"]
+	assert.True(t, hasStale, "stale mapping should remain when sync was interrupted by error")
+}
diff --git a/proxy/static_cert_test.go b/proxy/static_cert_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54d2b6485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/static_cert_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"crypto/x509/pkix"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"math/big"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/proxy/internal/certwatch"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+)
+
+func generateCertWithSANs(t *testing.T, dnsNames []string) (certPEM, keyPEM []byte) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	template := &x509.Certificate{
+		SerialNumber: big.NewInt(1),
+		Subject:      pkix.Name{CommonName: dnsNames[0]},
+		DNSNames:     dnsNames,
+		NotBefore:    time.Now().Add(-time.Hour),
+		NotAfter:     time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+	}
+
+	certDER, err := x509.CreateCertificate(rand.Reader, template, template, &key.PublicKey, key)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	certPEM = pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: certDER})
+
+	keyDER, err := x509.MarshalECPrivateKey(key)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	keyPEM = pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "EC PRIVATE KEY", Bytes: keyDER})
+
+	return certPEM, keyPEM
+}
+
+func newStaticWatcher(t *testing.T, dnsNames []string) *certwatch.Watcher {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	certPEM, keyPEM := generateCertWithSANs(t, dnsNames)
+	certPath := filepath.Join(dir, "tls.crt")
+	keyPath := filepath.Join(dir, "tls.key")
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(certPath, certPEM, 0o600))
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(keyPath, keyPEM, 0o600))
+
+	w, err := certwatch.NewWatcher(certPath, keyPath, quietLifecycleLogger())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return w
+}
+
+func TestStaticCertCovers(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{
+		Logger:            quietLifecycleLogger(),
+		staticCertWatcher: newStaticWatcher(t, []string{"*.p.example.com", "exact.example.com"}),
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		domain  string
+		covered bool
+	}{
+		{"svc.p.example.com", true},
+		{"exact.example.com", true},
+		{"a.b.p.example.com", false}, // wildcard does not span labels
+		{"p.example.com", false},
+		{"other.example.com", false},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.domain, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.covered, s.staticCertCovers(domain.Domain(tc.domain)))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStaticCertCoversNoWatcher(t *testing.T) {
+	s := &Server{Logger: quietLifecycleLogger()}
+	assert.False(t, s.staticCertCovers(domain.Domain("svc.p.example.com")))
+}
diff --git a/proxy/sync_mappings_test.go b/proxy/sync_mappings_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9c0dad03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/proxy/sync_mappings_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+package proxy
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
+	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/reverseproxy/service"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_HappyPath(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Send init.
+	err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "sync-proxy-1",
+				Version: "test-v1",
+				Address: "test.proxy.io",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	mappingsByID := make(map[string]*proto.ProxyMapping)
+	for {
+		msg, err := stream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		for _, m := range msg.GetMapping() {
+			mappingsByID[m.GetId()] = m
+		}
+
+		// Ack every batch.
+		err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	assert.Len(t, mappingsByID, 2, "Should receive 2 mappings")
+
+	rp1 := mappingsByID["rp-1"]
+	require.NotNil(t, rp1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "app1.test.proxy.io", rp1.GetDomain())
+	assert.Equal(t, "test-account-1", rp1.GetAccountId())
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_CREATED, rp1.GetType())
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, rp1.GetAuthToken(), "Should have auth token")
+
+	rp2 := mappingsByID["rp-2"]
+	require.NotNil(t, rp2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "app2.test.proxy.io", rp2.GetDomain())
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_CustomTCPMappingDeliveredWithCapabilities(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	tcpSvc := &service.Service{
+		ID:           "tcp-custom",
+		AccountID:    "test-account-1",
+		Name:         "Custom TCP",
+		Domain:       "ssh.test.proxy.io",
+		ProxyCluster: "test.proxy.io",
+		Mode:         "tcp",
+		ListenPort:   10001,
+		Enabled:      true,
+		Targets: []*service.Target{{
+			Host:       "10.0.0.5",
+			Port:       22,
+			Protocol:   "tcp",
+			TargetId:   "peer-ssh",
+			TargetType: "peer",
+			Enabled:    true,
+		}},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, setup.store.CreateService(ctx, tcpSvc))
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+	receiveSnapshot := func(proxyID string, caps *proto.ProxyCapabilities) map[string]*proto.ProxyMapping {
+		t.Helper()
+
+		streamCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		stream, err := client.SyncMappings(streamCtx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+				Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+					ProxyId:      proxyID,
+					Version:      "test-v1",
+					Address:      "test.proxy.io",
+					Capabilities: caps,
+				},
+			},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		mappingsByID := make(map[string]*proto.ProxyMapping)
+		for {
+			msg, err := stream.Recv()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			for _, m := range msg.GetMapping() {
+				mappingsByID[m.GetId()] = m
+			}
+
+			err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+				Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		return mappingsByID
+	}
+
+	legacyMappings := receiveSnapshot("sync-proxy-no-capabilities", nil)
+	assert.NotContains(t, legacyMappings, "tcp-custom",
+		"legacy proxies that do not report capabilities must not receive TCP custom-port mappings")
+
+	supportsCustomPorts := true
+	modernMappings := receiveSnapshot("sync-proxy-custom-ports", &proto.ProxyCapabilities{
+		SupportsCustomPorts: &supportsCustomPorts,
+	})
+
+	tcpMapping := modernMappings["tcp-custom"]
+	require.NotNil(t, tcpMapping, "capability-aware proxy must receive TCP custom-port mapping")
+	assert.Equal(t, "tcp", tcpMapping.GetMode())
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(10001), tcpMapping.GetListenPort())
+	require.Len(t, tcpMapping.GetPath(), 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.5:22", tcpMapping.GetPath()[0].GetTarget())
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, tcpMapping.GetAuthToken(), "snapshot mapping must include per-proxy auth token")
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_BackPressure(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	// Add enough services to guarantee multiple batches (default batch size 500).
+	addServicesToStore(t, setup, 600, "test.proxy.io")
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "sync-proxy-backpressure",
+				Version: "test-v1",
+				Address: "test.proxy.io",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Strategy: receive batch 1, then hold for a significant delay before
+	// acking. If back-pressure works, batch 2 cannot arrive until after
+	// the ack is sent — so its receive timestamp must be >= the ack
+	// timestamp. If management were fire-and-forget, all batches would
+	// already be buffered in the gRPC transport and batch 2 would arrive
+	// well before the ack time.
+	const ackDelay = 300 * time.Millisecond
+
+	type batchEvent struct {
+		recvAt time.Time
+		ackAt  time.Time
+		count  int
+	}
+	var batches []batchEvent
+	var totalMappings int
+
+	for {
+		msg, err := stream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		recvAt := time.Now()
+		totalMappings += len(msg.GetMapping())
+
+		// Delay the ack on non-final batches to create a measurable gap.
+		if !msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			time.Sleep(ackDelay)
+		}
+
+		ackAt := time.Now()
+		batches = append(batches, batchEvent{
+			recvAt: recvAt,
+			ackAt:  ackAt,
+			count:  len(msg.GetMapping()),
+		})
+
+		err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2 original + 600 added = 602 services total.
+	assert.Equal(t, 602, totalMappings, "should receive all 602 mappings")
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(batches), 2, "need at least 2 batches to verify back-pressure")
+
+	// For every batch after the first, its receive time must be after the
+	// previous batch's ack time. This proves management waited for the ack
+	// before sending the next batch.
+	for i := 1; i < len(batches); i++ {
+		prevAckAt := batches[i-1].ackAt
+		thisRecvAt := batches[i].recvAt
+		assert.True(t, !thisRecvAt.Before(prevAckAt),
+			"batch %d received at %v, but batch %d was acked at %v — "+
+				"management sent the next batch before receiving the ack",
+			i, thisRecvAt, i-1, prevAckAt)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_IncrementalUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "sync-proxy-incremental",
+				Version: "test-v1",
+				Address: "test.proxy.io",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Drain initial snapshot.
+	for {
+		msg, err := stream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Now send an incremental update via the management server.
+	setup.proxyService.SendServiceUpdate(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{{
+			Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED,
+			Id:        "rp-1",
+			AccountId: "test-account-1",
+			Domain:    "app1.test.proxy.io",
+		}},
+	})
+
+	// Receive the incremental update on the sync stream.
+	msg, err := stream.Recv()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, msg.GetMapping())
+	assert.Equal(t, "rp-1", msg.GetMapping()[0].GetId())
+	assert.Equal(t, proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED, msg.GetMapping()[0].GetType())
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_MixedProxyVersions(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Old proxy uses GetMappingUpdate.
+	legacyStream, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "legacy-proxy",
+		Version: "old-v1",
+		Address: "test.proxy.io",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var legacyMappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
+	for {
+		msg, err := legacyStream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		legacyMappings = append(legacyMappings, msg.GetMapping()...)
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// New proxy uses SyncMappings.
+	syncStream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = syncStream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "new-proxy",
+				Version: "new-v2",
+				Address: "test.proxy.io",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var syncMappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
+	for {
+		msg, err := syncStream.Recv()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		syncMappings = append(syncMappings, msg.GetMapping()...)
+
+		err = syncStream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Both should receive the same set of mappings.
+	assert.Equal(t, len(legacyMappings), len(syncMappings),
+		"legacy and sync proxies should receive the same number of mappings")
+
+	legacyIDs := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, m := range legacyMappings {
+		legacyIDs[m.GetId()] = true
+	}
+	for _, m := range syncMappings {
+		assert.True(t, legacyIDs[m.GetId()],
+			"mapping %s should be present in both streams", m.GetId())
+	}
+
+	// Both proxies should be connected.
+	proxies := setup.proxyService.GetConnectedProxies()
+	assert.Contains(t, proxies, "legacy-proxy")
+	assert.Contains(t, proxies, "new-proxy")
+
+	// Both should receive incremental updates.
+	setup.proxyService.SendServiceUpdate(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping: []*proto.ProxyMapping{{
+			Type:      proto.ProxyMappingUpdateType_UPDATE_TYPE_REMOVED,
+			Id:        "rp-1",
+			AccountId: "test-account-1",
+			Domain:    "app1.test.proxy.io",
+		}},
+	})
+
+	// Legacy proxy receives via GetMappingUpdateResponse.
+	legacyMsg, err := legacyStream.Recv()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "rp-1", legacyMsg.GetMapping()[0].GetId())
+
+	// Sync proxy receives via SyncMappingsResponse.
+	syncMsg, err := syncStream.Recv()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "rp-1", syncMsg.GetMapping()[0].GetId())
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_SyncMappings_Reconnect(t *testing.T) {
+	setup := setupIntegrationTest(t)
+	defer setup.cleanup()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(setup.grpcAddr, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+	proxyID := "sync-proxy-reconnect"
+
+	receiveMappings := func() []*proto.ProxyMapping {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+
+		stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+			Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+				Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+					ProxyId: proxyID,
+					Version: "test-v1",
+					Address: "test.proxy.io",
+				},
+			},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var mappings []*proto.ProxyMapping
+		for {
+			msg, err := stream.Recv()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			mappings = append(mappings, msg.GetMapping()...)
+
+			err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+				Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Ack{Ack: &proto.SyncMappingsAck{}},
+			})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			if msg.GetInitialSyncComplete() {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		return mappings
+	}
+
+	first := receiveMappings()
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	second := receiveMappings()
+
+	assert.Equal(t, len(first), len(second),
+		"should receive same mappings on reconnect")
+
+	firstIDs := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, m := range first {
+		firstIDs[m.GetId()] = true
+	}
+	for _, m := range second {
+		assert.True(t, firstIDs[m.GetId()],
+			"mapping %s should be present in both connections", m.GetId())
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Fallback tests: old management returns Unimplemented ---
+
+// unimplementedProxyServer embeds UnimplementedProxyServiceServer so
+// SyncMappings returns codes.Unimplemented while GetMappingUpdate works.
+type unimplementedSyncServer struct {
+	proto.UnimplementedProxyServiceServer
+	getMappingCalls atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (s *unimplementedSyncServer) GetMappingUpdate(_ *proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest, stream proto.ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer) error {
+	s.getMappingCalls.Add(1)
+	return stream.Send(&proto.GetMappingUpdateResponse{
+		Mapping:             []*proto.ProxyMapping{{Id: "svc-1", AccountId: "acct-1", Domain: "example.com"}},
+		InitialSyncComplete: true,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestIntegration_FallbackToGetMappingUpdate(t *testing.T) {
+	// Start a gRPC server that does NOT implement SyncMappings.
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	srv := &unimplementedSyncServer{}
+	grpcServer := grpc.NewServer()
+	proto.RegisterProxyServiceServer(grpcServer, srv)
+	go func() { _ = grpcServer.Serve(lis) }()
+	defer grpcServer.GracefulStop()
+
+	conn, err := grpc.NewClient(lis.Addr().String(), grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	client := proto.NewProxyServiceClient(conn)
+
+	// Try SyncMappings — should get Unimplemented.
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	stream, err := client.SyncMappings(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = stream.Send(&proto.SyncMappingsRequest{
+		Msg: &proto.SyncMappingsRequest_Init{
+			Init: &proto.SyncMappingsInit{
+				ProxyId: "test-proxy",
+				Address: "test.example.com",
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = stream.Recv()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	st, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, codes.Unimplemented, st.Code(),
+		"unimplemented SyncMappings should return Unimplemented code")
+
+	// isSyncUnimplemented should detect this.
+	assert.True(t, isSyncUnimplemented(err))
+
+	// The actual fallback: GetMappingUpdate should work.
+	legacyStream, err := client.GetMappingUpdate(ctx, &proto.GetMappingUpdateRequest{
+		ProxyId: "test-proxy",
+		Address: "test.example.com",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	msg, err := legacyStream.Recv()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, msg.GetInitialSyncComplete())
+	assert.Len(t, msg.GetMapping(), 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, int32(1), srv.getMappingCalls.Load())
+}
+
+func TestIsSyncUnimplemented(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"nil error", nil, false},
+		{"non-grpc error", errors.New("random"), false},
+		{"grpc internal", grpcstatus.Error(codes.Internal, "fail"), false},
+		{"grpc unavailable", grpcstatus.Error(codes.Unavailable, "fail"), false},
+		{"grpc unimplemented", grpcstatus.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "method not found"), true},
+		{
+			"wrapped unimplemented",
+			fmt.Errorf("create sync stream: %w", grpcstatus.Error(codes.Unimplemented, "nope")),
+			// grpc/status.FromError unwraps in recent versions of grpc-go.
+			true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, isSyncUnimplemented(tt.err))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// addServicesToStore adds n extra services to the test store for the given cluster.
+func addServicesToStore(t *testing.T, setup *integrationTestSetup, n int, cluster string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		svc := &service.Service{
+			ID:           fmt.Sprintf("extra-svc-%d", i),
+			AccountID:    "test-account-1",
+			Name:         fmt.Sprintf("Extra Service %d", i),
+			Domain:       fmt.Sprintf("extra-%d.test.proxy.io", i),
+			ProxyCluster: cluster,
+			Enabled:      true,
+			Targets: []*service.Target{{
+				Path:       strPtr("/"),
+				Host:       fmt.Sprintf("10.0.1.%d", i%256),
+				Port:       8080,
+				Protocol:   "http",
+				TargetId:   fmt.Sprintf("peer-extra-%d", i),
+				TargetType: "peer",
+				Enabled:    true,
+			}},
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, setup.store.CreateService(ctx, svc))
+	}
+}
diff --git a/proxy/trustedproxy.go b/proxy/trustedproxy.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a1f0ad37..000000000
--- a/proxy/trustedproxy.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-package proxy
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net/netip"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-// ParseTrustedProxies parses a comma-separated list of CIDR prefixes or bare IPs
-// into a slice of netip.Prefix values suitable for trusted proxy configuration.
-// Bare IPs are converted to single-host prefixes (/32 or /128).
-func ParseTrustedProxies(raw string) ([]netip.Prefix, error) {
-	if raw == "" {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	parts := strings.Split(raw, ",")
-	prefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(parts))
-	for _, part := range parts {
-		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
-		if part == "" {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(part)
-		if err == nil {
-			prefixes = append(prefixes, prefix)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		addr, addrErr := netip.ParseAddr(part)
-		if addrErr != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse trusted proxy %q: not a valid CIDR or IP: %w", part, addrErr)
-		}
-
-		bits := 32
-		if addr.Is6() {
-			bits = 128
-		}
-		prefixes = append(prefixes, netip.PrefixFrom(addr, bits))
-	}
-	return prefixes, nil
-}
diff --git a/proxy/trustedproxy_test.go b/proxy/trustedproxy_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 974e56863..000000000
--- a/proxy/trustedproxy_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-package proxy
-
-import (
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestParseTrustedProxies(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		raw     string
-		want    []netip.Prefix
-		wantErr bool
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "empty string returns nil",
-			raw:  "",
-			want: nil,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "single CIDR",
-			raw:  "10.0.0.0/8",
-			want: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "single bare IPv4",
-			raw:  "1.2.3.4",
-			want: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32")},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "single bare IPv6",
-			raw:  "::1",
-			want: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("::1/128")},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "comma-separated CIDRs",
-			raw:  "10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24",
-			want: []netip.Prefix{
-				netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
-				netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "mixed CIDRs and bare IPs",
-			raw:  "10.0.0.0/8, 1.2.3.4, fd00::/8",
-			want: []netip.Prefix{
-				netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
-				netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32"),
-				netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/8"),
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "whitespace around entries",
-			raw:  "  10.0.0.0/8 , 192.168.0.0/16  ",
-			want: []netip.Prefix{
-				netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
-				netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "trailing comma produces no extra entry",
-			raw:  "10.0.0.0/8,",
-			want: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "invalid entry",
-			raw:     "not-an-ip",
-			wantErr: true,
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "partially invalid",
-			raw:     "10.0.0.0/8, garbage",
-			wantErr: true,
-		},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, err := ParseTrustedProxies(tt.raw)
-			if tt.wantErr {
-				require.Error(t, err)
-				return
-			}
-			require.NoError(t, err)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
-		})
-	}
-}
diff --git a/relay/Dockerfile b/relay/Dockerfile
index f750027c3..757ee7b59 100644
--- a/relay/Dockerfile
+++ b/relay/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 FROM gcr.io/distroless/base:debug
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/go/bin/netbird-relay" ]
 ENV NB_LOG_FILE=console
-COPY netbird-relay /go/bin/netbird-relay
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+COPY ${TARGETPLATFORM}/netbird-relay /go/bin/netbird-relay
diff --git a/relay/cmd/root.go b/relay/cmd/root.go
index b1949ca11..a64812d4d 100644
--- a/relay/cmd/root.go
+++ b/relay/cmd/root.go
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/metrics"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/auth"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/stun"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
@@ -45,6 +46,9 @@ type Config struct {
 	LogLevel                 string
 	LogFile                  string
 	HealthcheckListenAddress string
+	// TrustedProxies is a comma-separated list of upstream proxy CIDRs/IPs whose
+	// X-Real-Ip/X-Real-Port headers are trusted. Empty means never trust these headers.
+	TrustedProxies string
 	// STUN server configuration
 	EnableSTUN   bool
 	STUNPorts    []int
@@ -116,6 +120,7 @@ func init() {
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&cobraConfig.LogLevel, "log-level", "info", "log level")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&cobraConfig.LogFile, "log-file", "console", "log file")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&cobraConfig.HealthcheckListenAddress, "health-listen-address", "H", ":9000", "listen address of healthcheck server")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&cobraConfig.TrustedProxies, "trusted-proxies", "", "comma-separated list of upstream proxy CIDRs or IPs whose X-Real-Ip/X-Real-Port headers are trusted; leave empty to always use the direct connection address")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVar(&cobraConfig.EnableSTUN, "enable-stun", false, "enable embedded STUN server")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().IntSliceVar(&cobraConfig.STUNPorts, "stun-ports", []int{3478}, "ports for the embedded STUN server (can be specified multiple times or comma-separated)")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&cobraConfig.STUNLogLevel, "stun-log-level", "info", "log level for STUN server (panic, fatal, error, warn, info, debug, trace)")
@@ -155,8 +160,15 @@ func execute(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("setup metrics: %v", err)
 	}
 
+	trustedProxies, err := trustedproxy.Parse(cobraConfig.TrustedProxies)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("failed to parse trusted proxies: %s", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse trusted proxies: %s", err)
+	}
+
 	srvListenerCfg := server.ListenerConfig{
-		Address: cobraConfig.ListenAddress,
+		Address:        cobraConfig.ListenAddress,
+		TrustedProxies: trustedProxies,
 	}
 
 	tlsConfig, tlsSupport, err := handleTLSConfig(cobraConfig)
@@ -173,7 +185,7 @@ func execute(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	}
 
 	hashedSecret := sha256.Sum256([]byte(cobraConfig.AuthSecret))
-	authenticator := auth.NewTimedHMACValidator(hashedSecret[:], 24*time.Hour)
+	authenticator := auth.NewTimedHMACValidator(hashedSecret[:])
 
 	cfg := server.Config{
 		Meter:          metricsServer.Meter,
diff --git a/relay/metrics/realy.go b/relay/metrics/realy.go
index efb597ff5..49a357557 100644
--- a/relay/metrics/realy.go
+++ b/relay/metrics/realy.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 )
 
@@ -119,8 +120,8 @@ func NewMetrics(ctx context.Context, meter metric.Meter) (*Metrics, error) {
 }
 
 // PeerConnected increments the number of connected peers and increments number of idle connections
-func (m *Metrics) PeerConnected(id string) {
-	m.peers.Add(m.ctx, 1)
+func (m *Metrics) PeerConnected(id, transport string) {
+	m.peers.Add(m.ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("transport", transport)))
 	m.mutexActivity.Lock()
 	defer m.mutexActivity.Unlock()
 
@@ -138,8 +139,8 @@ func (m *Metrics) RecordPeerStoreTime(duration time.Duration) {
 }
 
 // PeerDisconnected decrements the number of connected peers and decrements number of idle or active connections
-func (m *Metrics) PeerDisconnected(id string) {
-	m.peers.Add(m.ctx, -1)
+func (m *Metrics) PeerDisconnected(id, transport string) {
+	m.peers.Add(m.ctx, -1, metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("transport", transport)))
 	m.mutexActivity.Lock()
 	defer m.mutexActivity.Unlock()
 
diff --git a/relay/server/handshake.go b/relay/server/handshake.go
index 067888406..f064b3501 100644
--- a/relay/server/handshake.go
+++ b/relay/server/handshake.go
@@ -5,14 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"time"
 
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/server/listener"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/messages"
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/messages/address"
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	authmsg "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/messages/auth"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -23,55 +17,30 @@ const (
 
 type Validator interface {
 	Validate(any) error
-	// Deprecated: Use Validate instead.
-	ValidateHelloMsgType(any) error
 }
 
-// preparedMsg contains the marshalled success response messages
+// preparedMsg contains the marshalled success response message
 type preparedMsg struct {
-	responseHelloMsg []byte
-	responseAuthMsg  []byte
+	responseAuthMsg []byte
 }
 
 func newPreparedMsg(instanceURL string) (*preparedMsg, error) {
-	rhm, err := marshalResponseHelloMsg(instanceURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	ram, err := messages.MarshalAuthResponse(instanceURL)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal auth response msg: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return &preparedMsg{
-		responseHelloMsg: rhm,
-		responseAuthMsg:  ram,
+		responseAuthMsg: ram,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func marshalResponseHelloMsg(instanceURL string) ([]byte, error) {
-	addr := &address.Address{URL: instanceURL}
-	addrData, err := addr.Marshal()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal response address: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	responseMsg, err := messages.MarshalHelloResponse(addrData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal hello response: %w", err)
-	}
-	return responseMsg, nil
-}
-
 type handshake struct {
 	conn        listener.Conn
 	validator   Validator
 	preparedMsg *preparedMsg
 
-	handshakeMethodAuth bool
-	peerID              *messages.PeerID
+	peerID *messages.PeerID
 }
 
 func (h *handshake) handshakeReceive(ctx context.Context) (*messages.PeerID, error) {
@@ -93,17 +62,11 @@ func (h *handshake) handshakeReceive(ctx context.Context) (*messages.PeerID, err
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("determine message type from %s: %w", h.conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
 	}
 
-	var peerID *messages.PeerID
-	switch msgType {
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	case messages.MsgTypeHello:
-		peerID, err = h.handleHelloMsg(buf)
-	case messages.MsgTypeAuth:
-		h.handshakeMethodAuth = true
-		peerID, err = h.handleAuthMsg(buf)
-	default:
+	if msgType != messages.MsgTypeAuth {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid message type %d from %s", msgType, h.conn.RemoteAddr())
 	}
+
+	peerID, err := h.handleAuthMsg(buf)
 	if err != nil {
 		return peerID, err
 	}
@@ -112,46 +75,17 @@ func (h *handshake) handshakeReceive(ctx context.Context) (*messages.PeerID, err
 }
 
 func (h *handshake) handshakeResponse(ctx context.Context) error {
-	var responseMsg []byte
-	if h.handshakeMethodAuth {
-		responseMsg = h.preparedMsg.responseAuthMsg
-	} else {
-		responseMsg = h.preparedMsg.responseHelloMsg
-	}
-
-	if _, err := h.conn.Write(ctx, responseMsg); err != nil {
+	if _, err := h.conn.Write(ctx, h.preparedMsg.responseAuthMsg); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("handshake response write to %s (%s): %w", h.peerID, h.conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (h *handshake) handleHelloMsg(buf []byte) (*messages.PeerID, error) {
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	peerID, authData, err := messages.UnmarshalHelloMsg(buf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal hello message: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	log.Warnf("peer %s (%s) is using deprecated initial message type", peerID, h.conn.RemoteAddr())
-
-	authMsg, err := authmsg.UnmarshalMsg(authData)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal auth message: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	if err := h.validator.ValidateHelloMsgType(authMsg.AdditionalData); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("validate %s (%s): %w", peerID, h.conn.RemoteAddr(), err)
-	}
-
-	return peerID, nil
-}
-
 func (h *handshake) handleAuthMsg(buf []byte) (*messages.PeerID, error) {
 	rawPeerID, authPayload, err := messages.UnmarshalAuthMsg(buf)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal hello message: %w", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unmarshal auth message: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if err := h.validator.Validate(authPayload); err != nil {
diff --git a/relay/server/listener/conn.go b/relay/server/listener/conn.go
index ef0869594..d86f7f58b 100644
--- a/relay/server/listener/conn.go
+++ b/relay/server/listener/conn.go
@@ -11,4 +11,6 @@ type Conn interface {
 	Write(ctx context.Context, b []byte) (n int, err error)
 	RemoteAddr() net.Addr
 	Close() error
+	// Protocol returns the transport name.
+	Protocol() string
 }
diff --git a/relay/server/listener/quic/conn.go b/relay/server/listener/quic/conn.go
index d8dafcd1f..da5e12d36 100644
--- a/relay/server/listener/quic/conn.go
+++ b/relay/server/listener/quic/conn.go
@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ func (c *Conn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
 	return c.session.RemoteAddr()
 }
 
+// Protocol returns the transport name for this connection.
+func (c *Conn) Protocol() string {
+	return "quic"
+}
+
 func (c *Conn) Close() error {
 	c.closedMu.Lock()
 	if c.closed {
diff --git a/relay/server/listener/quic/listener.go b/relay/server/listener/quic/listener.go
index 68f0e03c0..4c3b07571 100644
--- a/relay/server/listener/quic/listener.go
+++ b/relay/server/listener/quic/listener.go
@@ -51,7 +51,10 @@ func (l *Listener) Listen(acceptFn func(conn relaylistener.Conn)) error {
 
 		log.Infof("QUIC client connected from: %s", session.RemoteAddr())
 		conn := NewConn(session)
-		acceptFn(conn)
+		// Run the accept handler (which performs the pre-auth handshake) in its
+		// own goroutine so a slow or stalled handshake cannot block accepting
+		// further connections.
+		go acceptFn(conn)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/relay/server/listener/ws/conn.go b/relay/server/listener/ws/conn.go
index c22b5719d..b1b64fe8e 100644
--- a/relay/server/listener/ws/conn.go
+++ b/relay/server/listener/ws/conn.go
@@ -64,6 +64,11 @@ func (c *Conn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
 	return c.rAddr
 }
 
+// Protocol returns the transport name for this connection.
+func (c *Conn) Protocol() string {
+	return "ws"
+}
+
 func (c *Conn) Close() error {
 	c.closedMu.Lock()
 	c.closed = true
diff --git a/relay/server/listener/ws/listener.go b/relay/server/listener/ws/listener.go
index ba175f901..208b9186e 100644
--- a/relay/server/listener/ws/listener.go
+++ b/relay/server/listener/ws/listener.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/protocol"
 	relaylistener "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/server/listener"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -27,6 +28,9 @@ type Listener struct {
 	Address string
 	// TLSConfig is the TLS configuration for the server.
 	TLSConfig *tls.Config
+	// TrustedProxies is the set of upstream proxies whose X-Real-Ip/X-Real-Port
+	// headers are trusted. Headers from any other immediate peer are ignored.
+	TrustedProxies *trustedproxy.List
 
 	server   *http.Server
 	acceptFn func(conn relaylistener.Conn)
@@ -75,7 +79,7 @@ func (l *Listener) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func (l *Listener) onAccept(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	connRemoteAddr := remoteAddr(r)
+	connRemoteAddr := remoteAddr(r, l.TrustedProxies)
 
 	acceptOptions := &websocket.AcceptOptions{
 		OriginPatterns: []string{"*"},
@@ -102,9 +106,17 @@ func (l *Listener) onAccept(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	l.acceptFn(conn)
 }
 
-func remoteAddr(r *http.Request) string {
-	if r.Header.Get("X-Real-Ip") == "" || r.Header.Get("X-Real-Port") == "" {
+func remoteAddr(r *http.Request, trustedProxies *trustedproxy.List) string {
+	realIP := r.Header.Get("X-Real-Ip")
+	realPort := r.Header.Get("X-Real-Port")
+	if realIP == "" || realPort == "" {
 		return r.RemoteAddr
 	}
-	return net.JoinHostPort(r.Header.Get("X-Real-Ip"), r.Header.Get("X-Real-Port"))
+
+	if !trustedProxies.IsTrusted(r.RemoteAddr) {
+		log.Debugf("ignoring X-Real-Ip header from untrusted peer %s", r.RemoteAddr)
+		return r.RemoteAddr
+	}
+
+	return net.JoinHostPort(realIP, realPort)
 }
diff --git a/relay/server/relay.go b/relay/server/relay.go
index 56add8bea..84c424b8e 100644
--- a/relay/server/relay.go
+++ b/relay/server/relay.go
@@ -154,15 +154,16 @@ func (r *Relay) Accept(conn listener.Conn) {
 	}
 	r.notifier.PeerCameOnline(peer.ID())
 
+	transport := conn.Protocol()
 	r.metrics.RecordPeerStoreTime(time.Since(storeTime))
-	r.metrics.PeerConnected(peer.String())
+	r.metrics.PeerConnected(peer.String(), transport)
 	go func() {
 		peer.Work()
 		if deleted := r.store.DeletePeer(peer); deleted {
 			r.notifier.PeerWentOffline(peer.ID())
 		}
 		peer.log.Debugf("relay connection closed")
-		r.metrics.PeerDisconnected(peer.String())
+		r.metrics.PeerDisconnected(peer.String(), transport)
 	}()
 
 	if err := h.handshakeResponse(hsCtx); err != nil {
diff --git a/relay/server/server.go b/relay/server/server.go
index 340da55b8..8d303e9e4 100644
--- a/relay/server/server.go
+++ b/relay/server/server.go
@@ -15,14 +15,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/server/listener/quic"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/server/listener/ws"
 	quictls "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/tls"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/trustedproxy"
 )
 
 // ListenerConfig is the configuration for the listener.
 // Address: the address to bind the listener to. It could be an address behind a reverse proxy.
 // TLSConfig: the TLS configuration for the listener.
+// TrustedProxies: upstream proxy prefixes whose forwarding headers (X-Real-Ip/X-Real-Port) are trusted.
 type ListenerConfig struct {
-	Address   string
-	TLSConfig *tls.Config
+	Address        string
+	TLSConfig      *tls.Config
+	TrustedProxies *trustedproxy.List
 }
 
 // Server is the main entry point for the relay server.
@@ -62,8 +65,9 @@ func NewServer(config Config) (*Server, error) {
 // Listen starts the relay server.
 func (r *Server) Listen(cfg ListenerConfig) error {
 	wSListener := &ws.Listener{
-		Address:   cfg.Address,
-		TLSConfig: cfg.TLSConfig,
+		Address:        cfg.Address,
+		TLSConfig:      cfg.TLSConfig,
+		TrustedProxies: cfg.TrustedProxies,
 	}
 
 	r.listenerMux.Lock()
diff --git a/relay/test/benchmark_test.go b/relay/test/benchmark_test.go
index 4dfea6da1..6b1131f1e 100644
--- a/relay/test/benchmark_test.go
+++ b/relay/test/benchmark_test.go
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ func runTurnDataTransfer(t *testing.T, testData []byte) time.Duration {
 func getTurnClient(t *testing.T, address string, conn net.Conn) (*turn.Client, error) {
 	t.Helper()
 	// Dial TURN Server
-	addrStr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", address, 443)
+	addrStr := net.JoinHostPort(address, "443")
 
 	fac := logging.NewDefaultLoggerFactory()
 	//fac.DefaultLogLevel = logging.LogLevelTrace
diff --git a/relay/testec2/turn_allocator.go b/relay/testec2/turn_allocator.go
index fd86208df..440f6222a 100644
--- a/relay/testec2/turn_allocator.go
+++ b/relay/testec2/turn_allocator.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func AllocateTurnClient(serverAddr string) *TurnConn {
 
 func getTurnClient(address string, conn net.Conn) (*turn.Client, error) {
 	// Dial TURN Server
-	addrStr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", address, 443)
+	addrStr := net.JoinHostPort(address, "443")
 
 	fac := logging.NewDefaultLoggerFactory()
 	//fac.DefaultLogLevel = logging.LogLevelTrace
diff --git a/release_files/darwin_pkg/postinstall b/release_files/darwin_pkg/postinstall
index 33fa4bfee..2c96a80cd 100755
--- a/release_files/darwin_pkg/postinstall
+++ b/release_files/darwin_pkg/postinstall
@@ -30,7 +30,23 @@ mkdir -p /usr/local/bin/
     $AGENT service install || true
     $AGENT service start || true
 
-    open $APP
+    console_user=$(stat -f%Su /dev/console 2>/dev/null)
+    case "$console_user" in
+        ""|root|loginwindow|_mbsetupuser)
+            echo "No active GUI user session (console user: '${console_user:-none}'); skipping UI launch."
+            ;;
+        *)
+            uid=$(id -u "$console_user" 2>/dev/null)
+            if [ -z "$uid" ]; then
+                echo "Could not resolve uid for console user '$console_user'; skipping UI launch."
+            else
+                echo "Launching NetBird UI as console user $console_user (uid $uid)."
+                if ! launchctl asuser "$uid" sudo -u "$console_user" -H open "$APP"; then
+                    echo "Failed to launch NetBird UI; if autostart is enabled it will start at next login."
+                fi
+            fi
+            ;;
+    esac
 
     echo "Finished Netbird installation successfully"
     exit 0 # all good
diff --git a/release_files/darwin_pkg/preinstall b/release_files/darwin_pkg/preinstall
index 5965e82eb..231bcae4e 100755
--- a/release_files/darwin_pkg/preinstall
+++ b/release_files/darwin_pkg/preinstall
@@ -4,9 +4,67 @@ set -x
 
 LOG_FILE=/var/log/netbird/client_pre_install.log
 AGENT=/usr/local/bin/netbird
+UI_PROCESS=netbird-ui
 
 mkdir -p /var/log/netbird/
 
+# wait_for_ui_exit polls for up to $1 seconds, returning 0 as soon as no UI
+# process is left and 1 if one is still running when the time is up.
+wait_for_ui_exit() {
+    waited=0
+    while [ "$waited" -lt "$1" ]; do
+        pgrep -x "$UI_PROCESS" > /dev/null 2>&1 || return 0
+        sleep 1
+        waited=$((waited + 1))
+    done
+    return 1
+}
+
+# request_ui_quit asks the UI to quit from inside the console user's session and
+# reports whether the request could be sent at all. The installer runs as root
+# outside that session, so a quit Apple event sent straight from here always
+# fails with -600.
+request_ui_quit() {
+    console_user=$(stat -f%Su /dev/console 2>/dev/null)
+    case "$console_user" in
+        ""|root|loginwindow|_mbsetupuser)
+            echo "No active GUI user session (console user: '${console_user:-none}'); skipping the quit request."
+            return 1
+            ;;
+    esac
+
+    uid=$(id -u "$console_user" 2>/dev/null)
+    if [ -z "$uid" ]; then
+        echo "Could not resolve uid for console user '$console_user'; skipping the quit request."
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    echo "Asking the NetBird UI to quit as console user $console_user (uid $uid)."
+    launchctl asuser "$uid" sudo -u "$console_user" -H osascript -e 'quit app "NetBird"' || true
+}
+
+# quit_ui stops a running UI so the app bundle can be replaced underneath it. A
+# UI process that survives the install keeps serving the old binary until it is
+# quit by hand, so anything still running once the quit request is out of the
+# way is signalled. Waiting for a graceful exit only makes sense when a quit
+# request was actually sent.
+quit_ui() {
+    if request_ui_quit && wait_for_ui_exit 10; then
+        return 0
+    fi
+
+    pgrep -x "$UI_PROCESS" > /dev/null 2>&1 || return 0
+
+    echo "NetBird UI still running; terminating it."
+    pkill -x "$UI_PROCESS" || true
+    if wait_for_ui_exit 3; then
+        return 0
+    fi
+
+    echo "NetBird UI ignored SIGTERM; killing it."
+    pkill -KILL -x "$UI_PROCESS" || true
+}
+
 {
     # check if it was installed with brew
     brew list --formula | grep netbird
@@ -15,10 +73,9 @@ mkdir -p /var/log/netbird/
         echo "NetBird has been installed with Brew. Please use Brew to update the package."
         exit 1
     fi
-    osascript -e 'quit app "Netbird"' || true
+    quit_ui
     $AGENT service stop || true
 
     echo "Preinstall complete"
     exit 0 # all good
 } &> $LOG_FILE
-
diff --git a/release_files/freebsd-port-diff.sh b/release_files/freebsd-port-diff.sh
index b030b9164..77ea55520 100755
--- a/release_files/freebsd-port-diff.sh
+++ b/release_files/freebsd-port-diff.sh
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 # FreeBSD Port Diff Generator for NetBird
 #
 # This script generates the diff file required for submitting a FreeBSD port update.
-# It works on macOS, Linux, and FreeBSD by fetching files from FreeBSD cgit and
-# computing checksums from the Go module proxy.
+# It works on macOS, Linux, and FreeBSD by fetching files from the FreeBSD ports
+# GitHub mirror and computing checksums from the Go module proxy.
 #
 # Usage: ./freebsd-port-diff.sh [new_version]
 # Example: ./freebsd-port-diff.sh 0.60.7
@@ -14,14 +14,15 @@
 set -e
 
 GITHUB_REPO="netbirdio/netbird"
-PORTS_CGIT_BASE="https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/plain/security/netbird"
+PORTS_MIRROR_BASE="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/freebsd/freebsd-ports/main/security/netbird"
 GO_PROXY="https://proxy.golang.org/github.com/netbirdio/netbird/@v"
 OUTPUT_DIR="${OUTPUT_DIR:-.}"
 AWK_FIRST_FIELD='{print $1}'
 
 fetch_all_tags() {
     curl -sL "https://github.com/${GITHUB_REPO}/tags" 2>/dev/null | \
-        grep -oE '/releases/tag/v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' | \
+        grep -oE '/releases/tag/v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+([^"]+)?' | \
+        grep -iv 'rc' | \
         sed 's/.*\/v//' | \
         sort -u -V
     return 0
@@ -29,10 +30,17 @@ fetch_all_tags() {
 
 fetch_current_ports_version() {
     echo "Fetching current version from FreeBSD ports..." >&2
-    curl -sL "${PORTS_CGIT_BASE}/Makefile" 2>/dev/null | \
+    local makefile version
+    makefile=$(fetch_ports_file "Makefile") || return 1
+    version=$(echo "$makefile" | \
         grep -E "^DISTVERSION=" | \
         sed 's/DISTVERSION=[[:space:]]*//' | \
-        tr -d '\t '
+        tr -d '\t ')
+    if [[ -z "$version" ]]; then
+        echo "Error: Could not extract DISTVERSION from ports Makefile" >&2
+        return 1
+    fi
+    echo "$version"
     return 0
 }
 
@@ -44,7 +52,16 @@ fetch_latest_github_release() {
 
 fetch_ports_file() {
     local filename="$1"
-    curl -sL "${PORTS_CGIT_BASE}/${filename}" 2>/dev/null
+    local content
+    if ! content=$(curl -fsL --proto '=https' --proto-redir '=https' --retry 3 "${PORTS_MIRROR_BASE}/${filename}" 2>/dev/null); then
+        echo "Error: Could not fetch ${filename} from ${PORTS_MIRROR_BASE}" >&2
+        return 1
+    fi
+    if [[ "$content" == \<* ]]; then
+        echo "Error: Received HTML instead of ${filename} from ${PORTS_MIRROR_BASE}" >&2
+        return 1
+    fi
+    printf '%s' "$content"
     return 0
 }
 
diff --git a/release_files/freebsd-port-issue-body.sh b/release_files/freebsd-port-issue-body.sh
index b7ad0f5b1..1f0c8a567 100755
--- a/release_files/freebsd-port-issue-body.sh
+++ b/release_files/freebsd-port-issue-body.sh
@@ -9,18 +9,22 @@
 # Example: ./freebsd-port-issue-body.sh 0.56.0 0.59.1
 #
 # If no versions are provided, the script will:
-#   - Fetch OLD version from FreeBSD ports cgit (current version in ports tree)
+#   - Fetch OLD version from the FreeBSD ports GitHub mirror (current version in ports tree)
 #   - Fetch NEW version from latest NetBird GitHub release tag
 
 set -e
 
 GITHUB_REPO="netbirdio/netbird"
-PORTS_CGIT_URL="https://cgit.freebsd.org/ports/plain/security/netbird/Makefile"
+PORTS_MAKEFILE_URL="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/freebsd/freebsd-ports/main/security/netbird/Makefile"
 
 fetch_current_ports_version() {
     echo "Fetching current version from FreeBSD ports..." >&2
     local makefile_content
-    makefile_content=$(curl -sL "$PORTS_CGIT_URL" 2>/dev/null)
+    makefile_content=$(curl -fsL --proto '=https' --proto-redir '=https' --retry 3 "$PORTS_MAKEFILE_URL" 2>/dev/null) || makefile_content=""
+    if [[ "$makefile_content" == \<* ]]; then
+        echo "Error: Received HTML instead of Makefile from ${PORTS_MAKEFILE_URL}" >&2
+        return 1
+    fi
     if [[ -z "$makefile_content" ]]; then
         echo "Error: Could not fetch Makefile from FreeBSD ports" >&2
         return 1
@@ -32,7 +36,8 @@ fetch_current_ports_version() {
 fetch_all_tags() {
     # Fetch tags from GitHub tags page (no rate limiting, no auth needed)
     curl -sL "https://github.com/${GITHUB_REPO}/tags" 2>/dev/null | \
-        grep -oE '/releases/tag/v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' | \
+        grep -oE '/releases/tag/v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+([^"]+)?' | \
+        grep -iv 'rc' | \
         sed 's/.*\/v//' | \
         sort -u -V
     return 0
diff --git a/release_files/install.sh b/release_files/install.sh
index 1e71936f3..a002de472 100755
--- a/release_files/install.sh
+++ b/release_files/install.sh
@@ -417,15 +417,30 @@ if type uname >/dev/null 2>&1; then
               # Check the availability of a compatible package manager
               if check_use_bin_variable; then
                   PACKAGE_MANAGER="bin"
+              elif [ -e /run/ostree-booted ]; then
+                  if [ -x "$(command -v rpm-ostree)" ]; then
+                      PACKAGE_MANAGER="rpm-ostree"
+                      echo "The installation will be performed using rpm-ostree package manager"
+                  elif [ -x "$(command -v bootc)" ]; then
+                      echo "Detected bootc system without rpm-ostree." >&2
+                      echo "NetBird cannot be installed via package manager on this system." >&2
+                      echo "Options:" >&2
+                      echo "  1. Install via Distrobox (instructions in the installation docs)" >&2
+                      echo "  2. Rebuild your base image with rpm-ostree included" >&2
+                      echo "  3. Bake NetBird into your Containerfile" >&2
+                      exit 1
+                  else
+                      echo "Detected ostree-booted system without rpm-ostree or bootc." >&2
+                      echo "NetBird cannot be installed automatically on this atomic system." >&2
+                      echo "Please install NetBird by rebuilding your base image or use a supported package manager." >&2
+                      exit 1
+                  fi
               elif [ -x "$(command -v apt-get)" ]; then
                   PACKAGE_MANAGER="apt"
                   echo "The installation will be performed using apt package manager"
               elif [ -x "$(command -v dnf)" ]; then
                   PACKAGE_MANAGER="dnf"
                   echo "The installation will be performed using dnf package manager"
-              elif [ -x "$(command -v rpm-ostree)" ]; then
-                  PACKAGE_MANAGER="rpm-ostree"
-                  echo "The installation will be performed using rpm-ostree package manager"
               elif [ -x "$(command -v yum)" ]; then
                   PACKAGE_MANAGER="yum"
                   echo "The installation will be performed using yum package manager"
diff --git a/route/route.go b/route/route.go
index c724e7c7d..3bdb0a3a1 100644
--- a/route/route.go
+++ b/route/route.go
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ const (
 	MaxMetric = 9999
 	// MaxNetIDChar Max Network Identifier
 	MaxNetIDChar = 40
+
+	// V6ExitSuffix is appended to a v4 exit node NetID to form its v6 counterpart.
+	V6ExitSuffix = "-v6"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -92,6 +95,7 @@ type Route struct {
 	ID ID `gorm:"primaryKey"`
 	// AccountID is a reference to Account that this object belongs
 	AccountID string `gorm:"index"`
+	PublicID  string `json:"-"`
 	// Network and Domains are mutually exclusive
 	Network             netip.Prefix `gorm:"serializer:json"`
 	Domains             domain.List  `gorm:"serializer:json"`
@@ -125,6 +129,7 @@ func (r *Route) Copy() *Route {
 	route := &Route{
 		ID:                  r.ID,
 		AccountID:           r.AccountID,
+		PublicID:            r.PublicID,
 		Description:         r.Description,
 		NetID:               r.NetID,
 		Network:             r.Network,
@@ -215,3 +220,61 @@ func ParseNetwork(networkString string) (NetworkType, netip.Prefix, error) {
 
 	return IPv4Network, masked, nil
 }
+
+var (
+	v4Default = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0)
+	v6Default = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0)
+)
+
+// IsV4DefaultRoute reports whether p is the IPv4 default route (0.0.0.0/0).
+func IsV4DefaultRoute(p netip.Prefix) bool { return p == v4Default }
+
+// IsV6DefaultRoute reports whether p is the IPv6 default route (::/0).
+func IsV6DefaultRoute(p netip.Prefix) bool { return p == v6Default }
+
+// ExpandV6ExitPairs appends the paired "-v6" exit node NetID for any v4 exit
+// node (0.0.0.0/0) in ids that has a matching v6 counterpart (::/0) in routesMap.
+// It modifies and returns the input slice.
+func ExpandV6ExitPairs(ids []NetID, routesMap map[NetID][]*Route) []NetID {
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		rt, ok := routesMap[id]
+		if !ok || len(rt) == 0 || !IsV4DefaultRoute(rt[0].Network) {
+			continue
+		}
+		v6ID := NetID(string(id) + V6ExitSuffix)
+		if v6Rt, ok := routesMap[v6ID]; ok && len(v6Rt) > 0 && IsV6DefaultRoute(v6Rt[0].Network) {
+			if !slices.Contains(ids, v6ID) {
+				ids = append(ids, v6ID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+// V6ExitMergeSet scans routesMap and returns the set of v6 exit node NetIDs
+// that should be hidden from the UI because they are paired with a v4 exit node.
+// A v6 ID is paired when it has suffix "-v6", its route is ::/0, and the base
+// name (without "-v6") exists with route 0.0.0.0/0.
+func V6ExitMergeSet(routesMap map[NetID][]*Route) map[NetID]struct{} {
+	merged := make(map[NetID]struct{})
+	for id, rt := range routesMap {
+		if len(rt) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		name := string(id)
+		if !IsV6DefaultRoute(rt[0].Network) || !strings.HasSuffix(name, V6ExitSuffix) {
+			continue
+		}
+		baseName := NetID(strings.TrimSuffix(name, V6ExitSuffix))
+		if baseRt, ok := routesMap[baseName]; ok && len(baseRt) > 0 && IsV4DefaultRoute(baseRt[0].Network) {
+			merged[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return merged
+}
+
+// HasV6ExitPair reports whether id has a paired v6 exit node in the merge set.
+func HasV6ExitPair(id NetID, v6Merged map[NetID]struct{}) bool {
+	_, ok := v6Merged[NetID(string(id)+"-v6")]
+	return ok
+}
diff --git a/route/route_test.go b/route/route_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dab707ed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/route/route_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package route
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestExpandV6ExitPairs(t *testing.T) {
+	v4ExitRoute := &Route{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")}
+	v6ExitRoute := &Route{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")}
+	regularRoute := &Route{Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		ids       []NetID
+		routesMap map[NetID][]*Route
+		expected  []NetID
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "v4 exit node with matching v6 pair",
+			ids:  []NetID{"exit-node"},
+			routesMap: map[NetID][]*Route{
+				"exit-node":    {v4ExitRoute},
+				"exit-node-v6": {v6ExitRoute},
+			},
+			expected: []NetID{"exit-node", "exit-node-v6"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "v4 exit node without v6 pair",
+			ids:  []NetID{"exit-node"},
+			routesMap: map[NetID][]*Route{
+				"exit-node": {v4ExitRoute},
+			},
+			expected: []NetID{"exit-node"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "regular route is not expanded",
+			ids:  []NetID{"office"},
+			routesMap: map[NetID][]*Route{
+				"office":    {regularRoute},
+				"office-v6": {v6ExitRoute},
+			},
+			expected: []NetID{"office"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "v6 already included is not duplicated",
+			ids:  []NetID{"exit-node", "exit-node-v6"},
+			routesMap: map[NetID][]*Route{
+				"exit-node":    {v4ExitRoute},
+				"exit-node-v6": {v6ExitRoute},
+			},
+			expected: []NetID{"exit-node", "exit-node-v6"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple exit nodes expanded independently",
+			ids:  []NetID{"exit-a", "exit-b"},
+			routesMap: map[NetID][]*Route{
+				"exit-a":    {v4ExitRoute},
+				"exit-a-v6": {v6ExitRoute},
+				"exit-b":    {v4ExitRoute},
+				"exit-b-v6": {v6ExitRoute},
+			},
+			expected: []NetID{"exit-a", "exit-b", "exit-a-v6", "exit-b-v6"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "v6 suffix but not exit node network",
+			ids:  []NetID{"office"},
+			routesMap: map[NetID][]*Route{
+				"office":    {regularRoute},
+				"office-v6": {regularRoute},
+			},
+			expected: []NetID{"office"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "user-chosen name for exit node with v6 pair",
+			ids:  []NetID{"my-exit"},
+			routesMap: map[NetID][]*Route{
+				"my-exit":    {v4ExitRoute},
+				"my-exit-v6": {v6ExitRoute},
+			},
+			expected: []NetID{"my-exit", "my-exit-v6"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "real-world management-generated IDs",
+			ids:  []NetID{"0.0.0.0/0"},
+			routesMap: map[NetID][]*Route{
+				"0.0.0.0/0":    {v4ExitRoute},
+				"0.0.0.0/0-v6": {v6ExitRoute},
+			},
+			expected: []NetID{"0.0.0.0/0", "0.0.0.0/0-v6"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "empty input",
+			ids:       []NetID{},
+			routesMap: map[NetID][]*Route{},
+			expected:  []NetID{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := ExpandV6ExitPairs(tt.ids, tt.routesMap)
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/auth/jwt/extractor.go b/shared/auth/jwt/extractor.go
index 5806d1f4d..d113f53d5 100644
--- a/shared/auth/jwt/extractor.go
+++ b/shared/auth/jwt/extractor.go
@@ -146,7 +146,11 @@ func (c *ClaimsExtractor) ToGroups(token *jwt.Token, claimName string) []string
 	userJWTGroups := make([]string, 0)
 
 	if claim, ok := claims[claimName]; ok {
-		if claimGroups, ok := claim.([]interface{}); ok {
+		switch claimGroups := claim.(type) {
+		case string:
+			// Some IdPs emit a single group claim as a string instead of an array.
+			userJWTGroups = append(userJWTGroups, claimGroups)
+		case []any:
 			for _, g := range claimGroups {
 				if group, ok := g.(string); ok {
 					userJWTGroups = append(userJWTGroups, group)
@@ -154,9 +158,11 @@ func (c *ClaimsExtractor) ToGroups(token *jwt.Token, claimName string) []string
 					log.Debugf("JWT claim %q contains a non-string group (type: %T): %v", claimName, g, g)
 				}
 			}
+		default:
+			log.Debugf("JWT claim %q is not a string or string array (type: %T): %v", claimName, claim, claim)
 		}
 	} else {
-		log.Debugf("JWT claim %q is not a string array", claimName)
+		log.Debugf("JWT claim %q is missing", claimName)
 	}
 
 	return userJWTGroups
diff --git a/shared/auth/jwt/extractor_test.go b/shared/auth/jwt/extractor_test.go
index 45529770d..4f8fe0007 100644
--- a/shared/auth/jwt/extractor_test.go
+++ b/shared/auth/jwt/extractor_test.go
@@ -249,6 +249,15 @@ func TestClaimsExtractor_ToGroups(t *testing.T) {
 			groupClaimName: "groups",
 			expectedGroups: []string{},
 		},
+		{
+			name: "extracts single group string from claim",
+			claims: jwt.MapClaims{
+				"sub":    "user-123",
+				"groups": "admin",
+			},
+			groupClaimName: "groups",
+			expectedGroups: []string{"admin"},
+		},
 		{
 			name: "handles custom claim name",
 			claims: jwt.MapClaims{
diff --git a/shared/auth/jwt/validator.go b/shared/auth/jwt/validator.go
index cf18b2cf6..62e127751 100644
--- a/shared/auth/jwt/validator.go
+++ b/shared/auth/jwt/validator.go
@@ -289,36 +289,64 @@ func getPublicKey(token *jwt.Token, jwks *Jwks) (interface{}, error) {
 	return nil, errKeyNotFound
 }
 
-func getPublicKeyFromECDSA(jwk JSONWebKey) (publicKey *ecdsa.PublicKey, err error) {
+func curveFromName(crv string) (elliptic.Curve, error) {
+	switch crv {
+	case p256:
+		return elliptic.P256(), nil
+	case p384:
+		return elliptic.P384(), nil
+	case p521:
+		return elliptic.P521(), nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported elliptic curve %q", crv)
+	}
+}
+
+func getPublicKeyFromECDSA(jwk JSONWebKey) (*ecdsa.PublicKey, error) {
 	if jwk.X == "" || jwk.Y == "" || jwk.Crv == "" {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ecdsa key incomplete")
 	}
 
-	var xCoordinate []byte
-	if xCoordinate, err = base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(jwk.X); err != nil {
+	curve, err := curveFromName(jwk.Crv)
+	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	var yCoordinate []byte
-	if yCoordinate, err = base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(jwk.Y); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	xCoordinate, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(jwk.X)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode ecdsa x coordinate: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	publicKey = &ecdsa.PublicKey{}
-
-	var curve elliptic.Curve
-	switch jwk.Crv {
-	case p256:
-		curve = elliptic.P256()
-	case p384:
-		curve = elliptic.P384()
-	case p521:
-		curve = elliptic.P521()
+	yCoordinate, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(jwk.Y)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode ecdsa y coordinate: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	publicKey.Curve = curve
-	publicKey.X = big.NewInt(0).SetBytes(xCoordinate)
-	publicKey.Y = big.NewInt(0).SetBytes(yCoordinate)
+	var x, y big.Int
+	x.SetBytes(xCoordinate)
+	y.SetBytes(yCoordinate)
+
+	bits := curve.Params().BitSize
+	if x.BitLen() > bits {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ecdsa x coordinate is %d bits, exceeds curve %s field size of %d bits", x.BitLen(), jwk.Crv, bits)
+	}
+	if y.BitLen() > bits {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ecdsa y coordinate is %d bits, exceeds curve %s field size of %d bits", y.BitLen(), jwk.Crv, bits)
+	}
+
+	// Round up: P-521's field is 521 bits, so a coordinate needs 66 bytes, not 65.
+	size := (bits + 7) / 8
+
+	// Assemble the SEC 1 uncompressed point (0x04 || X || Y)
+	point := make([]byte, 1+2*size)
+	point[0] = 4
+	x.FillBytes(point[1 : 1+size])
+	y.FillBytes(point[1+size:])
+
+	publicKey, err := ecdsa.ParseUncompressedPublicKey(curve, point)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse ecdsa public key: %w", err)
+	}
 
 	return publicKey, nil
 }
diff --git a/shared/auth/jwt/validator_test.go b/shared/auth/jwt/validator_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5b3f4a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/auth/jwt/validator_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+package jwt
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// ecdsaJWK builds a JWK for pub using uncompressed-point encoding
+func ecdsaJWK(t *testing.T, kid string, pub *ecdsa.PublicKey, crv string, size int) JSONWebKey {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	point, err := pub.Bytes()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, point, 1+2*size)
+	require.Equal(t, byte(4), point[0], "expected uncompressed point")
+
+	return JSONWebKey{
+		Kty: "EC",
+		Kid: kid,
+		Use: "sig",
+		Crv: crv,
+		X:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(point[1 : 1+size]),
+		Y:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(point[1+size:]),
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetPublicKeyFromECDSA_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		crv   string
+		curve elliptic.Curve
+		size  int
+	}{
+		{p256, elliptic.P256(), 32},
+		{p384, elliptic.P384(), 48},
+		{p521, elliptic.P521(), 66},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.crv, func(t *testing.T) {
+			priv, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(tc.curve, rand.Reader)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			got, err := getPublicKeyFromECDSA(ecdsaJWK(t, "kid", &priv.PublicKey, tc.crv, tc.size))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.True(t, priv.PublicKey.Equal(got), "parsed key differs from the original")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGetPublicKeyFromECDSA_ShortCoordinate covers IdPs that strip leading zero
+// bytes from a coordinate instead of padding to the curve's field size.
+func TestGetPublicKeyFromECDSA_ShortCoordinate(t *testing.T) {
+	var (
+		priv  *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+		point []byte
+	)
+	for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
+		key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		p, err := key.PublicKey.Bytes()
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		if p[1] == 0 || p[33] == 0 {
+			priv, point = key, p
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	require.NotNil(t, priv, "no key with a leading zero coordinate byte was generated")
+
+	jwk := JSONWebKey{
+		Kty: "EC",
+		Kid: "kid",
+		Crv: p256,
+		X:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(bytes.TrimLeft(point[1:33], "\x00")),
+		Y:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(bytes.TrimLeft(point[33:], "\x00")),
+	}
+
+	got, err := getPublicKeyFromECDSA(jwk)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, priv.PublicKey.Equal(got))
+}
+
+func TestGetPublicKeyFromECDSA_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	priv, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	valid := ecdsaJWK(t, "kid", &priv.PublicKey, p256, 32)
+
+	offCurve := valid
+	x, err := base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(valid.X)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	x[31] ^= 0xff
+	offCurve.X = base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(x)
+
+	// 33 non-zero bytes is 264 bits, past P-256's 256-bit field.
+	oversized := valid
+	oversized.X = base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xff}, 33))
+
+	// P-521 coordinates occupy 66 bytes but only 521 bits, so a full 66-byte
+	// 0xff value (528 bits) is over the field size without being over the byte
+	// length. Only a bit-length bound catches this.
+	overP521 := JSONWebKey{
+		Kty: "EC",
+		Crv: p521,
+		X:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xff}, 66)),
+		Y:   base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(bytes.Repeat([]byte{0xff}, 66)),
+	}
+
+	zeroPoint := valid
+	zeroPoint.X = base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, 32))
+	zeroPoint.Y = base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(make([]byte, 32))
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		jwk         JSONWebKey
+		errContains string
+	}{
+		{name: "missing crv", jwk: JSONWebKey{Kty: "EC", X: valid.X, Y: valid.Y}},
+		{name: "missing x", jwk: JSONWebKey{Kty: "EC", Crv: p256, Y: valid.Y}},
+		{name: "unsupported curve", jwk: JSONWebKey{Kty: "EC", Crv: "P-224", X: valid.X, Y: valid.Y}, errContains: "unsupported elliptic curve"},
+		{name: "undecodable x", jwk: JSONWebKey{Kty: "EC", Crv: p256, X: "!!not base64!!!", Y: valid.Y}, errContains: "decode ecdsa x coordinate"},
+		{name: "coordinate over field size", jwk: oversized, errContains: "exceeds curve P-256 field size of 256 bits"},
+		{name: "p521 coordinate over field size", jwk: overP521, errContains: "exceeds curve P-521 field size of 521 bits"},
+		{name: "off-curve point", jwk: offCurve, errContains: "parse ecdsa public key"},
+		{name: "point at infinity", jwk: zeroPoint, errContains: "parse ecdsa public key"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			key, err := getPublicKeyFromECDSA(tc.jwk)
+			require.Error(t, err)
+			assert.Nil(t, key)
+			if tc.errContains != "" {
+				assert.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.errContains)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestValidateAndParse_ECDSA verifies an ES256-signed token end to end, proving
+// the parsed key actually validates signatures.
+func TestValidateAndParse_ECDSA(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		kid      = "es256-kid"
+		issuer   = "https://issuer.example.com/"
+		audience = "netbird"
+	)
+
+	priv, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	jwks, err := json.Marshal(Jwks{Keys: []JSONWebKey{ecdsaJWK(t, kid, &priv.PublicKey, p256, 32)}})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write(jwks)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodES256, jwt.MapClaims{
+		"iss": issuer,
+		"aud": audience,
+		"sub": "user-1",
+		"iat": time.Now().Add(-time.Minute).Unix(),
+		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),
+	})
+	token.Header["kid"] = kid
+
+	signed, err := token.SignedString(priv)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	v := NewValidator(issuer, []string{audience}, srv.URL, false)
+
+	parsed, err := v.ValidateAndParse(context.Background(), signed)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.True(t, parsed.Valid)
+
+	claims, ok := parsed.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "user-1", claims["sub"])
+
+	// A token signed by a different key of the same curve must be rejected.
+	other, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	forged := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodES256, jwt.MapClaims{
+		"iss": issuer,
+		"aud": audience,
+		"sub": "user-1",
+		"iat": time.Now().Add(-time.Minute).Unix(),
+		"exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour).Unix(),
+	})
+	forged.Header["kid"] = kid
+
+	forgedSigned, err := forged.SignedString(other)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = v.ValidateAndParse(context.Background(), forgedSigned)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
diff --git a/shared/context/keys.go b/shared/context/keys.go
index c5b5da044..3287a6366 100644
--- a/shared/context/keys.go
+++ b/shared/context/keys.go
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package context
 const (
 	RequestIDKey = "requestID"
 	AccountIDKey = "accountID"
+	RoleKey      = "role"
 	UserIDKey    = "userID"
 	PeerIDKey    = "peerID"
+	UserAgentKey = "userAgent"
 )
diff --git a/shared/llm/model.go b/shared/llm/model.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..881097bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/llm/model.go
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Package llm holds LLM model-identifier helpers shared by the proxy and
+// the management server. The proxy normalizes model ids parsed off inbound
+// requests; management normalizes the operator's registered model ids at
+// synthesis time so both sides of the pricing / routing contract compare
+// equal.
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// bedrockVendorNamespaces are the vendor segments a Bedrock model id is
+// published under. They identify the geography in front of a cross-region
+// inference profile without knowing the geography: in
+// "eu.anthropic.claude-...", what makes "eu" a geography is that "anthropic"
+// follows it.
+//
+// A vendor missing from here is not fatal — bedrockGeographies covers the
+// same id from the other side — but it is one of the two ways an id can go
+// unrecognised, and the list needs a new entry whenever AWS onboards a
+// vendor. A live listing found "global.xai.grok-4.6" days after this was
+// first written.
+var bedrockVendorNamespaces = map[string]struct{}{
+	"ai21":       {},
+	"amazon":     {},
+	"anthropic":  {},
+	"cohere":     {},
+	"deepseek":   {},
+	"luma":       {},
+	"meta":       {},
+	"mistral":    {},
+	"openai":     {},
+	"qwen":       {},
+	"stability":  {},
+	"twelvelabs": {},
+	"writer":     {},
+	"xai":        {},
+}
+
+// bedrockGeographies are the geography segments AWS issues cross-region
+// inference profiles under. They recognise a profile whose vendor we have
+// never seen, which is the case bedrockVendorNamespaces alone gets wrong:
+// "global.xai.grok-4.6" is a geography and a model whether or not "xai" is
+// a name we know.
+//
+// Neither list is sufficient alone. A geography list on its own is what this
+// file started with, and it aged badly — it held us, eu, apac and global, so
+// every profile issued under jp, au, ca, sa or us-gov carried its prefix into
+// the pricing key, matched no catalog entry, and reported the model unpriced.
+// A vendor list on its own misses a new vendor under a known geography.
+// Together, an id has to be new on both axes at once to go unrecognised.
+var bedrockGeographies = map[string]struct{}{
+	"apac":   {},
+	"au":     {},
+	"ca":     {},
+	"eu":     {},
+	"global": {},
+	"jp":     {},
+	"sa":     {},
+	"us":     {},
+	"us-gov": {},
+}
+
+// stripBedrockGeography removes the cross-region inference-profile geography
+// from a Bedrock model id, leaving the "<vendor>.<model>" form the catalog and
+// the pricing table key on.
+//
+// A leading segment counts as a geography when it is one we know, or when a
+// known vendor follows it. Either alone is enough: the id has to be new on
+// both axes before its geography survives.
+//
+// The segment has to be followed by two more, so "amazon.nova-pro" stays a
+// vendor and a model rather than becoming a geography and a model — cutting
+// its first segment would strip the vendor away. Over-stripping is the
+// dangerous direction, because the result also decides which route may claim
+// a model.
+func stripBedrockGeography(modelID string) string {
+	geo, rest, found := strings.Cut(modelID, ".")
+	if !found || geo == "" {
+		return modelID
+	}
+	vendor, _, found := strings.Cut(rest, ".")
+	if !found {
+		return modelID
+	}
+	if _, ok := bedrockGeographies[geo]; ok {
+		return rest
+	}
+	if _, ok := bedrockVendorNamespaces[vendor]; ok {
+		return rest
+	}
+	return modelID
+}
+
+// bedrockVersionSuffix matches the trailing "-vN[:N]" or "-YYYYMMDD-vN[:N]"
+// version/throughput suffix of a Bedrock model id.
+var bedrockVersionSuffix = regexp.MustCompile(`-(\d{8}-)?v\d+(:\d+)?$`)
+
+// NormalizeBedrockModel strips an ARN wrapper, a cross-region inference-profile
+// prefix, and the version/throughput suffix from a Bedrock model id so it
+// matches the catalog/pricing key, e.g.
+// "eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0" -> "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"
+// and the inference-profile ARN's last segment likewise. It is the single
+// source of truth shared by the proxy's request parser (which normalizes the
+// request model from the URL path), the proxy's router (which normalizes the
+// operator's registered Bedrock model ids so both sides compare equal), and
+// the management synthesizer (which keys per-provider pricing entries by the
+// normalized id the parser will emit at billing time).
+func NormalizeBedrockModel(modelID string) string {
+	m := modelID
+	// A full ARN (inference-profile / provisioned-throughput / foundation-model)
+	// carries the model id in its last path segment.
+	if strings.HasPrefix(m, "arn:") {
+		if i := strings.LastIndex(m, "/"); i >= 0 {
+			m = m[i+1:]
+		}
+	}
+	m = stripBedrockGeography(m)
+	return bedrockVersionSuffix.ReplaceAllString(m, "")
+}
+
+// anthropicDatedModel matches a Claude model id carrying the trailing
+// "-YYYYMMDD" release-date suffix Anthropic appends to a pinned release,
+// capturing the id without it. The "claude" anchor is load-bearing: pricing
+// looks every model up through this helper regardless of surface, and an
+// operator may register a custom id with any shape at all, so an unanchored
+// "-\d{8}$" would let "internal-llm-20250101" silently inherit the rate
+// registered for "internal-llm". The anchor also covers the vendor-prefixed
+// forms ("anthropic.claude-...", "us.anthropic.claude-...").
+var anthropicDatedModel = regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)^(.*claude.*)-\d{8}$`)
+
+// NormalizeAnthropicModel strips the trailing release-date suffix from a
+// Claude model id, e.g. "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929" -> "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+// so a dated id a client pins matches the undated one the operator
+// registered. Ids that are not Claude-family are returned untouched.
+// Callers try the verbatim id first and fall back to this, so two dated
+// releases of the same family stay distinct wherever both are registered
+// explicitly.
+func NormalizeAnthropicModel(modelID string) string {
+	return anthropicDatedModel.ReplaceAllString(modelID, "$1")
+}
+
+// NormalizeVertexModel strips the "@version" suffix from a Vertex AI model id
+// (e.g. "claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929" -> "claude-sonnet-4-5") so it matches
+// the catalog/pricing key. Vertex publisher models are priced under their
+// vendor surface with the bare, unversioned id.
+func NormalizeVertexModel(modelID string) string {
+	if at := strings.Index(modelID, "@"); at >= 0 {
+		return modelID[:at]
+	}
+	return modelID
+}
diff --git a/shared/llm/model_test.go b/shared/llm/model_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..077a650fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/llm/model_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+package llm
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestNormalizeBedrockModel(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0": "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		"us.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5":                "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5",
+		"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-8-20250101-v1:0":   "anthropic.claude-opus-4-8",
+		"apac.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-v1:0":         "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5",
+		"amazon.nova-2-lite-v1:0":                      "amazon.nova-2-lite",
+		"anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0":    "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		"meta.llama3-3-70b-instruct-v1:0":              "meta.llama3-3-70b-instruct",
+		"amazon.nova-pro-v1:0":                         "amazon.nova-pro",
+		// Inference-profile ARN — model id lives in the last path segment.
+		"arn:aws:bedrock:eu-central-1:123456789012:inference-profile/eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0": "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		require.Equal(t, want, NormalizeBedrockModel(in), "normalize %q", in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeVertexModel(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"claude-sonnet-4-5@20250929": "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		"claude-haiku-4-5":           "claude-haiku-4-5",
+		"gpt-4o@2024-08-06":          "gpt-4o",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		require.Equal(t, want, NormalizeVertexModel(in), "normalize %q", in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeAnthropicModel(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929":            "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		"claude-3-5-haiku-20241022":             "claude-3-5-haiku",
+		"claude-sonnet-5":                       "claude-sonnet-5",
+		"claude-opus-4-8":                       "claude-opus-4-8",
+		"anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5":            "anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5",
+		"anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929":  "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		"us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-8-20250101": "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-8",
+		// Non-Claude ids must survive untouched even when they end in eight
+		// consecutive digits: an operator can register a custom model under
+		// any id, and pricing looks every one of them up through this helper.
+		"gpt-4o":                  "gpt-4o",
+		"gpt-4o-2024-08-06":       "gpt-4o-2024-08-06",
+		"gpt-4o-20240806":         "gpt-4o-20240806",
+		"internal-llm-20250101":   "internal-llm-20250101",
+		"deepseek-r1-20250120":    "deepseek-r1-20250120",
+		"Qwen/Qwen2.5-20250101":   "Qwen/Qwen2.5-20250101",
+		"gemini-2-5-pro-20250101": "gemini-2-5-pro-20250101",
+		"":                        "",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		require.Equal(t, want, NormalizeAnthropicModel(in), "normalize %q", in)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNormalizeBedrockModel_GeographiesBeyondTheOriginalFour covers the bug
+// that made this vendor-anchored: the geography used to be matched against a
+// list of four, so a profile issued anywhere else kept its prefix, missed the
+// catalog key it was supposed to match, and reported the model unpriced.
+func TestNormalizeBedrockModel_GeographiesBeyondTheOriginalFour(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, geo := range []string{"us", "eu", "apac", "global", "jp", "au", "ca", "sa", "us-gov", "il", "mx"} {
+		t.Run(geo, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := NormalizeBedrockModel(geo + ".anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-20260514-v1:0")
+			require.Equal(t, "anthropic.claude-sonnet-5", got,
+				"a cross-region profile must reduce to the catalog key whatever geography issued it")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNormalizeBedrockModel_KeepsAVendorItCannotMistakeForAGeography pins the
+// direction that must never break: a plain "<vendor>.<model>" id has no
+// geography, and cutting its first segment would strip the vendor away and
+// hand the id to whichever route claims the bare model name.
+func TestNormalizeBedrockModel_KeepsAVendorItCannotMistakeForAGeography(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		"amazon.nova-pro-v1:0":            "amazon.nova-pro",
+		"anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-v1:0":  "anthropic.claude-sonnet-5",
+		"meta.llama3-3-70b-instruct-v1:0": "meta.llama3-3-70b-instruct",
+		"cohere.command-r-plus-v1:0":      "cohere.command-r-plus",
+		// Unknown on both axes: neither the leading segment nor the one
+		// after it is a name we hold, so the id is left exactly as it came.
+		"xx.unknownvendor.some-model-v1:0": "xx.unknownvendor.some-model",
+		"Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct":       "Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		t.Run(in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, want, NormalizeBedrockModel(in))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestNormalizeBedrockModel_RecognisesAnIdNewOnOneAxis covers what a live
+// eu-central-1 listing returned days after the vendor list was written:
+// "global.xai.grok-4.6", a vendor the list did not hold. Anchoring only on the
+// vendor left the geography in the key, so the id matched no catalog entry and
+// the model metered at zero. Each id below is unfamiliar on one axis and
+// recognised through the other.
+func TestNormalizeBedrockModel_RecognisesAnIdNewOnOneAxis(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]string{
+		// Known geography, vendor we had never seen (the live case).
+		"global.xai.grok-4.6": "xai.grok-4.6",
+		"eu.xai.grok-4.6":     "xai.grok-4.6",
+		// Known vendor, geography outside the list.
+		"il.anthropic.claude-sonnet-5-20260514-v1:0": "anthropic.claude-sonnet-5",
+		"mx.amazon.nova-2-lite-v1:0":                 "amazon.nova-2-lite",
+	}
+	for in, want := range cases {
+		t.Run(in, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, want, NormalizeBedrockModel(in))
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/client.go b/shared/management/client/client.go
index 18efba87b..13beabee6 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/client.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/client.go
@@ -12,13 +12,16 @@ import (
 // Client is the interface for the management service client.
 type Client interface {
 	io.Closer
-	Sync(ctx context.Context, sysInfo *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error
+	Sync(ctx context.Context, getInfo func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error
 	Job(ctx context.Context, msgHandler func(msg *proto.JobRequest) *proto.JobResponse) error
 	Register(setupKey string, jwtToken string, sysInfo *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.List) (*proto.LoginResponse, error)
 	Login(sysInfo *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.List) (*proto.LoginResponse, error)
+	// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's SSO session deadline using a fresh JWT.
+	// Returns the new absolute deadline; zero time when the server reports the peer
+	// is not eligible for session extension.
+	ExtendAuthSession(sysInfo *system.Info, jwtToken string) (*proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse, error)
 	GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow() (*proto.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, error)
 	GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow() (*proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow, error)
-	GetNetworkMap(sysInfo *system.Info) (*proto.NetworkMap, error)
 	GetServerURL() string
 	// IsHealthy returns the current connection status without blocking.
 	// Used by the engine to monitor connectivity in the background.
diff --git a/shared/management/client/client_test.go b/shared/management/client/client_test.go
index 84363e658..f29004a22 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/client_test.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/client_test.go
@@ -2,24 +2,26 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/golang/mock/gomock"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
-	"github.com/netbirdio/management-integrations/integrations"
-
 	ephemeral_manager "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/peers/ephemeral/manager"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/integrations/integrated_validator/validator"
+
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/modules/permissions"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/controllers/network_map/controller"
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, net.Listener) {
 			gomock.Any(),
 			gomock.Any(),
 		).
-		Return(true, nil).
+		Return(true, context.Background(), nil).
 		AnyTimes()
 
 	peersManger := peers.NewManager(store)
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, net.Listener) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 
-	ia, _ := integrations.NewIntegratedValidator(ctx, peersManger, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
+	ia, _ := validator.NewIntegratedValidator(ctx, peersManger, settingsManagerMock, eventStore, cacheStore)
 
 	metrics, err := telemetry.NewDefaultAppMetrics(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, net.Listener) {
 
 	updateManager := update_channel.NewPeersUpdateManager(metrics)
 	requestBuffer := mgmt.NewAccountRequestBuffer(ctx, store)
-	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManger), config)
+	networkMapController := controller.NewController(ctx, store, metrics, updateManager, requestBuffer, mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, settingsMockManager, "netbird.selfhosted", port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), ephemeral_manager.NewEphemeralManager(store, peersManger), config, nil)
 	accountManager, err := mgmt.BuildManager(context.Background(), config, store, networkMapController, jobManager, nil, "", eventStore, nil, false, ia, metrics, port_forwarding.NewControllerMock(), settingsMockManager, permissionsManagerMock, false, cacheStore)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ func startManagement(t *testing.T) (*grpc.Server, net.Listener) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil)
+	mgmtServer, err := nbgrpc.NewServer(config, accountManager, settingsMockManager, jobManager, secretsManager, nil, nil, mgmt.MockIntegratedValidator{}, networkMapController, nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -306,7 +308,7 @@ func TestClient_Sync(t *testing.T) {
 	defer cancel()
 
 	go func() {
-		err = client.Sync(ctx, info, func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error {
+		err = client.Sync(ctx, func(context.Context) *system.Info { return info }, func(msg *mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error {
 			ch <- msg
 			return nil
 		})
@@ -317,27 +319,156 @@ func TestClient_Sync(t *testing.T) {
 
 	select {
 	case resp := <-ch:
-		if resp.GetPeerConfig() == nil {
+		if resp.GetPeerConfig() == nil && resp.GetNetworkMap().GetPeerConfig() == nil {
 			t.Error("expecting non nil PeerConfig got nil")
 		}
 		if resp.GetNetbirdConfig() == nil {
 			t.Error("expecting non nil NetbirdConfig got nil")
 		}
-		if len(resp.GetRemotePeers()) != 1 {
-			t.Errorf("expecting RemotePeers size %d got %d", 1, len(resp.GetRemotePeers()))
+		// Top-level RemotePeers is deprecated and must stay empty for
+		// v0.29.3+ (and dev) clients — the field rides inside NetworkMap
+		// (legacy) or the NetworkMapEnvelope (components) instead.
+		if len(resp.GetRemotePeers()) != 0 {
+			t.Error("expecting top-level RemotePeers to be empty for v0.29.3+ clients")
+		}
+		// Component-capable clients receive a NetworkMapEnvelope; the
+		// remote-peers list is encoded inside it. Decode it and check the
+		// envelope's peers slice. Legacy peers populate NetworkMap.RemotePeers;
+		// both shapes must surface exactly one remote peer.
+		remotePeerKeys := remotePeerKeysFromSync(resp, testKey.PublicKey().String())
+		if len(remotePeerKeys) != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("expecting RemotePeers size %d got %d", 1, len(remotePeerKeys))
 			return
 		}
-		if resp.GetRemotePeersIsEmpty() == true {
+		if resp.GetNetworkMap() != nil && resp.GetNetworkMap().GetRemotePeersIsEmpty() {
 			t.Error("expecting RemotePeers property to be false, got true")
 		}
-		if resp.GetRemotePeers()[0].GetWgPubKey() != remoteKey.PublicKey().String() {
-			t.Errorf("expecting RemotePeer public key %s got %s", remoteKey.PublicKey().String(), resp.GetRemotePeers()[0].GetWgPubKey())
+		if remotePeerKeys[0] != remoteKey.PublicKey().String() {
+			t.Errorf("expecting RemotePeer public key %s got %s", remoteKey.PublicKey().String(), remotePeerKeys[0])
 		}
 	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
 		t.Error("timeout waiting for test to finish")
 	}
 }
 
+// remotePeerKeysFromSync extracts the remote-peer WG keys from either the
+// legacy NetworkMap.RemotePeers list or the components NetworkMapEnvelope's
+// inner peers slice (filtering out the local receiving peer identified by
+// localKey, since the envelope's peers list is index-addressed and includes
+// the local peer alongside remotes).
+func remotePeerKeysFromSync(resp *mgmtProto.SyncResponse, localKey string) []string {
+	if rp := resp.GetRemotePeers(); len(rp) > 0 {
+		out := make([]string, 0, len(rp))
+		for _, p := range rp {
+			out = append(out, p.GetWgPubKey())
+		}
+		return out
+	}
+	if rp := resp.GetNetworkMap().GetRemotePeers(); len(rp) > 0 {
+		out := make([]string, 0, len(rp))
+		for _, p := range rp {
+			out = append(out, p.GetWgPubKey())
+		}
+		return out
+	}
+	env := resp.GetNetworkMapEnvelope().GetFull()
+	if env == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(env.GetPeers()))
+	for _, p := range env.GetPeers() {
+		key := wgKeyFromBytes(p.GetWgPubKey())
+		if key == "" || key == localKey {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, key)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// wgKeyFromBytes mirrors the client-side decoder: the envelope ships raw 32
+// bytes; reconstruct the standard base64 key the test compares against.
+func wgKeyFromBytes(raw []byte) string {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var k wgtypes.Key
+	if len(raw) != len(k) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	copy(k[:], raw)
+	return k.String()
+}
+
+func TestClient_SyncGathersInfoOnEveryConnect(t *testing.T) {
+	s, lis, mgmtMockServer, serverKey := startMockManagement(t)
+	defer s.GracefulStop()
+
+	testKey, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	hostnames := make(chan string, 2)
+	mgmtMockServer.SyncFunc = func(msg *mgmtProto.EncryptedMessage, _ mgmtProto.ManagementService_SyncServer) error {
+		peerKey, err := wgtypes.ParseKey(msg.GetWgPubKey())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("invalid peer key: %v", err)
+			return status.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
+		}
+		syncReq := &mgmtProto.SyncRequest{}
+		if err := encryption.DecryptMessage(peerKey, serverKey, msg.Body, syncReq); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("decrypt sync request: %v", err)
+			return status.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
+		}
+		select {
+		case hostnames <- syncReq.GetMeta().GetHostname():
+		default:
+		}
+		// Returning closes the stream, so the client reconnects and gathers again.
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	client, err := NewClient(ctx, lis.Addr().String(), testKey, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var gathers atomic.Int32
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		_ = client.Sync(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info {
+			info := system.GetInfo(ctx)
+			info.Hostname = fmt.Sprintf("host-%d", gathers.Add(1))
+			return info
+		}, func(*mgmtProto.SyncResponse) error { return nil })
+	}()
+
+	// A connect attempt can fail before it reaches the server, so the sequence
+	// numbers seen here may skip. What matters is that the reconnect carries a
+	// newly gathered info instead of the one sent on the previous stream.
+	var seen []int
+	for len(seen) < 2 {
+		select {
+		case got := <-hostnames:
+			var n int
+			_, err := fmt.Sscanf(got, "host-%d", &n)
+			require.NoError(t, err, "hostname should carry the gather sequence number")
+			seen = append(seen, n)
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("timeout waiting for the second sync request, got %v", seen)
+		}
+	}
+	assert.Greater(t, seen[1], seen[0], "the reconnect should carry a newly gathered info")
+
+	cancel()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timeout waiting for Sync to return after cancel")
+	}
+}
+
 func Test_SystemMetaDataFromClient(t *testing.T) {
 	s, lis, mgmtMockServer, serverKey := startMockManagement(t)
 	defer s.GracefulStop()
@@ -532,7 +663,7 @@ func Test_GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow(t *testing.T) {
 	expectedFlowInfo := &mgmtProto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow{
 		ProviderConfig: &mgmtProto.ProviderConfig{
 			ClientID:     "client",
-			ClientSecret: "secret",
+			ClientSecret: "secret", //nolint:staticcheck
 		},
 	}
 
diff --git a/shared/management/client/grpc.go b/shared/management/client/grpc.go
index e9bea7ffb..ce2d07429 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/grpc.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/grpc.go
@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/connectivity"
 
 	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/system"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/encryption"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	nbmgmtgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/grpc"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/wsproxy"
 )
@@ -33,10 +35,15 @@ const ConnectTimeout = 10 * time.Second
 const healthCheckTimeout = 5 * time.Second
 
 const (
-	// EnvMaxRecvMsgSize overrides the default gRPC max receive message size (4 MB)
+	// EnvMaxRecvMsgSize overrides the default gRPC max receive message size
 	// for the management client connection. Value is in bytes.
 	EnvMaxRecvMsgSize = "NB_MANAGEMENT_GRPC_MAX_MSG_SIZE"
 
+	// defaultMaxRecvMsgSize is the max gRPC receive message size used for the
+	// management client connection when EnvMaxRecvMsgSize is unset or invalid.
+	// It overrides the gRPC library default of 4 MB.
+	defaultMaxRecvMsgSize = 1024 * 1024 * 16
+
 	errMsgMgmtPublicKey    = "failed getting Management Service public key: %s"
 	errMsgNoMgmtConnection = "no connection to management"
 )
@@ -55,6 +62,18 @@ type GrpcClient struct {
 	connStateCallback     ConnStateNotifier
 	connStateCallbackLock sync.RWMutex
 	serverURL             string
+
+	// netMgr gates the stream retry loop on OS-reported network
+	// availability and sweeps the transport on network change.
+	netMgr *netevents.Manager
+
+	// syncStreamErr holds the last Sync stream error, or nil while the stream
+	// is established and healthy. GetServerKey succeeds even when the peer
+	// cannot sync (e.g. the server returns "settings not found"), so the
+	// health probe must consult this to avoid reporting a healthy management
+	// connection while the Sync stream keeps failing.
+	syncStreamMu  sync.RWMutex
+	syncStreamErr error
 }
 
 type ExposeRequest struct {
@@ -76,37 +95,58 @@ type ExposeResponse struct {
 }
 
 // MaxRecvMsgSize returns the configured max gRPC receive message size from
-// the environment, or 0 if unset (which uses the gRPC default of 4 MB).
+// the environment, or defaultMaxRecvMsgSize (16 MB) if unset or invalid.
 func MaxRecvMsgSize() int {
 	val := os.Getenv(EnvMaxRecvMsgSize)
 	if val == "" {
-		return 0
+		return defaultMaxRecvMsgSize
 	}
 
 	size, err := strconv.Atoi(val)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("invalid %s value %q, using default: %v", EnvMaxRecvMsgSize, val, err)
-		return 0
+		return defaultMaxRecvMsgSize
 	}
 
 	if size <= 0 {
 		log.Warnf("invalid %s value %d, must be positive, using default", EnvMaxRecvMsgSize, size)
-		return 0
+		return defaultMaxRecvMsgSize
 	}
 
 	return size
 }
 
+// Option configures optional GrpcClient behavior.
+type Option func(*GrpcClient)
+
+// WithNetEvents injects the OS network event handling.
+func WithNetEvents(events *netevents.Manager) Option {
+	return func(c *GrpcClient) { c.netMgr = events }
+}
+
 // NewClient creates a new client to Management service
-func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string, ourPrivateKey wgtypes.Key, tlsEnabled bool) (*GrpcClient, error) {
-	var conn *grpc.ClientConn
+func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string, ourPrivateKey wgtypes.Key, tlsEnabled bool, opts ...Option) (*GrpcClient, error) {
+	// Options apply before dialing: the sweeper must wrap the first connection too.
+	c := &GrpcClient{
+		key:                   ourPrivateKey,
+		ctx:                   ctx,
+		connStateCallbackLock: sync.RWMutex{},
+		serverURL:             addr,
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(c)
+	}
 
 	var extraOpts []grpc.DialOption
 	if maxSize := MaxRecvMsgSize(); maxSize > 0 {
 		extraOpts = append(extraOpts, grpc.WithDefaultCallOptions(grpc.MaxCallRecvMsgSize(maxSize)))
 		log.Infof("management gRPC max receive message size set to %d bytes", maxSize)
 	}
+	if c.netMgr != nil {
+		extraOpts = append(extraOpts, nbgrpc.WithSweeper(c.netMgr))
+	}
 
+	var conn *grpc.ClientConn
 	operation := func() error {
 		var err error
 		conn, err = nbgrpc.CreateConnection(ctx, addr, tlsEnabled, wsproxy.ManagementComponent, extraOpts...)
@@ -122,16 +162,9 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string, ourPrivateKey wgtypes.Key, tlsE
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	realClient := proto.NewManagementServiceClient(conn)
-
-	return &GrpcClient{
-		key:                   ourPrivateKey,
-		realClient:            realClient,
-		ctx:                   ctx,
-		conn:                  conn,
-		connStateCallbackLock: sync.RWMutex{},
-		serverURL:             addr,
-	}, nil
+	c.conn = conn
+	c.realClient = proto.NewManagementServiceClient(conn)
+	return c, nil
 }
 
 // GetServerURL returns the management server URL
@@ -172,17 +205,17 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) ready() bool {
 
 // Sync wraps the real client's Sync endpoint call and takes care of retries and encryption/decryption of messages
 // Blocking request. The result will be sent via msgHandler callback function
-func (c *GrpcClient) Sync(ctx context.Context, sysInfo *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error {
-	return c.withMgmtStream(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.Key) error {
-		return c.handleSyncStream(ctx, serverPubKey, sysInfo, msgHandler)
+func (c *GrpcClient) Sync(ctx context.Context, getInfo func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error {
+	return c.withMgmtStream(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.Key, backOff backoff.BackOff) error {
+		return c.handleSyncStream(ctx, serverPubKey, getInfo, msgHandler, backOff)
 	})
 }
 
 // Job wraps the real client's Job endpoint call and takes care of retries and encryption/decryption of messages
 // Blocking request. The result will be sent via msgHandler callback function
 func (c *GrpcClient) Job(ctx context.Context, msgHandler func(msg *proto.JobRequest) *proto.JobResponse) error {
-	return c.withMgmtStream(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.Key) error {
-		return c.handleJobStream(ctx, serverPubKey, msgHandler)
+	return c.withMgmtStream(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.Key, backOff backoff.BackOff) error {
+		return c.handleJobStream(ctx, serverPubKey, msgHandler, backOff)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -190,18 +223,38 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) Job(ctx context.Context, msgHandler func(msg *proto.JobRequ
 // It takes care of retries, connection readiness, and fetching server public key.
 func (c *GrpcClient) withMgmtStream(
 	ctx context.Context,
-	handler func(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.Key) error,
+	handler func(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.Key, backOff backoff.BackOff) error,
 ) error {
-	backOff := defaultBackoff(ctx)
+	backOff := c.netMgr.QuickRetryBackoff(ctx, defaultBackoff(ctx))
 	operation := func() error {
-		log.Debugf("management connection state %v", c.conn.GetState())
-		connState := c.conn.GetState()
+		// suspend reconnect attempts while the OS reports no usable network.
+		// Wait only errors on a cancelled context, which means shutdown, so
+		// stop the loop without reporting a failure.
+		if waited, err := c.netMgr.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("management connection context has been canceled while offline, this usually indicates shutdown")
+			return nil //nolint:nilerr // a cancelled context means shutdown, not a retryable failure
+		} else if waited {
+			backOff.Reset()
+			// dials attempted while offline grew the channel's internal backoff;
+			// reset it too, or the reconnect waits out that timer first
+			c.conn.ResetConnectBackoff()
+		}
 
+		connState := c.conn.GetState()
+		log.Debugf("management connection state %v", connState)
 		if connState == connectivity.Shutdown {
 			return backoff.Permanent(fmt.Errorf("connection to management has been shut down"))
-		} else if !(connState == connectivity.Ready || connState == connectivity.Idle) {
+		}
+		if !(connState == connectivity.Ready || connState == connectivity.Idle) {
+			// A dial may already be in flight (e.g. the other stream triggered
+			// it after a network change); wait for it to settle and proceed if
+			// the channel became usable, instead of burning a backoff round on
+			// a successful dial. A failed dial errors out as before.
 			c.conn.WaitForStateChange(ctx, connState)
-			return fmt.Errorf("connection to management is not ready and in %s state", connState)
+			connState = c.conn.GetState()
+			if !(connState == connectivity.Ready || connState == connectivity.Idle) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("connection to management is not ready and in %s state", connState)
+			}
 		}
 
 		serverPubKey, err := c.getServerPublicKey()
@@ -210,10 +263,10 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) withMgmtStream(
 			return err
 		}
 
-		return handler(ctx, *serverPubKey)
+		return handler(ctx, *serverPubKey, backOff)
 	}
 
-	err := backoff.Retry(operation, backOff)
+	err := nbgrpc.Retry(ctx, operation, backOff, c.netMgr)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("exiting the Management service connection retry loop due to the unrecoverable error: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -225,6 +278,7 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) handleJobStream(
 	ctx context.Context,
 	serverPubKey wgtypes.Key,
 	msgHandler func(msg *proto.JobRequest) *proto.JobResponse,
+	backOff backoff.BackOff,
 ) error {
 	ctx, cancelStream := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer cancelStream()
@@ -242,33 +296,40 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) handleJobStream(
 
 	log.Debug("job stream handshake sent successfully")
 
+	// The stream is up, so reset the backoff. This matters for two reasons,
+	// both caused by the backoff lib not resetting its state on a successful
+	// connection:
+	//  1. Without a reset, after a connect followed by an error the next retry
+	//     starts from the accumulated (large) interval instead of retrying
+	//     promptly, delaying reconnection.
+	//  2. Worse, once the accumulated elapsed time exceeds MaxElapsedTime, the
+	//     next stream error makes NextBackOff() return Stop, so the retry loop
+	//     exits immediately. That error is then mislabeled unrecoverable and
+	//     bubbles up to trigger a full engine restart / data-plane teardown
+	//     instead of a silent reconnection.
+	backOff.Reset()
+
 	// Main loop: receive, process, respond
 	for {
 		jobReq, err := c.receiveJobRequest(ctx, stream, serverPubKey)
 		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				log.Debugf("job stream context has been canceled, this usually indicates shutdown")
+				return nil
+			}
 			if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok {
 				switch s.Code() {
 				case codes.PermissionDenied:
 					c.notifyDisconnected(err)
 					return backoff.Permanent(err) // unrecoverable error, propagate to the upper layer
-				case codes.Canceled:
-					log.Debugf("management connection context has been canceled, this usually indicates shutdown")
-					return err
 				case codes.Unimplemented:
 					log.Warn("Job feature is not supported by the current management server version. " +
 						"Please update the management service to use this feature.")
 					return nil
-				default:
-					c.notifyDisconnected(err)
-					log.Warnf("disconnected from the Management service but will retry silently. Reason: %v", err)
-					return err
 				}
-			} else {
-				// non-gRPC error
-				c.notifyDisconnected(err)
-				log.Warnf("disconnected from the Management service but will retry silently. Reason: %v", err)
-				return err
 			}
+			log.Warnf("job stream disconnected, will retry silently. Reason: %v", err)
+			return err
 		}
 
 		if jobReq == nil || len(jobReq.ID) == 0 {
@@ -363,13 +424,15 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) sendJobResponse(
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (c *GrpcClient) handleSyncStream(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.Key, sysInfo *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error {
+func (c *GrpcClient) handleSyncStream(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.Key, getInfo func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error, backOff backoff.BackOff) error {
 	ctx, cancelStream := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer cancelStream()
 
-	stream, err := c.connectToSyncStream(ctx, serverPubKey, sysInfo)
+	stream, err := c.connectToSyncStream(ctx, serverPubKey, getInfo(ctx))
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("failed to open Management Service stream: %s", err)
+		c.notifyDisconnected(err)
+		c.setSyncStreamDisconnected(err)
 		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied {
 			return backoff.Permanent(err) // unrecoverable error, propagate to the upper layer
 		}
@@ -378,75 +441,40 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) handleSyncStream(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.
 
 	log.Infof("connected to the Management Service stream")
 	c.notifyConnected()
+	c.setSyncStreamConnected()
+
+	// The stream is up, so reset the backoff. This matters for two reasons,
+	// both caused by the backoff lib not resetting its state on a successful
+	// connection:
+	//  1. Without a reset, after a connect followed by an error the next retry
+	//     starts from the accumulated (large) interval instead of retrying
+	//     promptly, delaying reconnection.
+	//  2. Worse, once the accumulated elapsed time exceeds MaxElapsedTime, the
+	//     next stream error makes NextBackOff() return Stop, so the retry loop
+	//     exits immediately. That error is then mislabeled unrecoverable and
+	//     bubbles up to trigger a full engine restart / data-plane teardown
+	//     instead of a silent reconnection.
+	backOff.Reset()
 
 	// blocking until error
 	err = c.receiveUpdatesEvents(stream, serverPubKey, msgHandler)
 	if err != nil {
 		c.notifyDisconnected(err)
-		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok {
-			switch s.Code() {
-			case codes.PermissionDenied:
-				return backoff.Permanent(err) // unrecoverable error, propagate to the upper layer
-			case codes.Canceled:
-				log.Debugf("management connection context has been canceled, this usually indicates shutdown")
-				return nil
-			default:
-				log.Warnf("disconnected from the Management service but will retry silently. Reason: %v", err)
-				return err
-			}
-		} else {
-			// non-gRPC error
-			log.Warnf("disconnected from the Management service but will retry silently. Reason: %v", err)
-			return err
+		c.setSyncStreamDisconnected(err)
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			log.Debugf("management connection context has been canceled, this usually indicates shutdown")
+			return nil
 		}
+		if s, ok := gstatus.FromError(err); ok && s.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied {
+			return backoff.Permanent(err) // unrecoverable error, propagate to the upper layer
+		}
+		log.Warnf("disconnected from the Management service but will retry silently. Reason: %v", err)
+		return err
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// GetNetworkMap return with the network map
-func (c *GrpcClient) GetNetworkMap(sysInfo *system.Info) (*proto.NetworkMap, error) {
-	serverPubKey, err := c.getServerPublicKey()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed getting Management Service public key: %s", err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancelStream := context.WithCancel(c.ctx)
-	defer cancelStream()
-	stream, err := c.connectToSyncStream(ctx, *serverPubKey, sysInfo)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to open Management Service stream: %s", err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		_ = stream.CloseSend()
-	}()
-
-	update, err := stream.Recv()
-	if err == io.EOF {
-		log.Debugf("Management stream has been closed by server: %s", err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("disconnected from Management Service sync stream: %v", err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	decryptedResp := &proto.SyncResponse{}
-	err = encryption.DecryptMessage(*serverPubKey, c.key, update.Body, decryptedResp)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed decrypting update message from Management Service: %s", err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if decryptedResp.GetNetworkMap() == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid msg, required network map")
-	}
-
-	return decryptedResp.GetNetworkMap(), nil
-}
-
 func (c *GrpcClient) connectToSyncStream(ctx context.Context, serverPubKey wgtypes.Key, sysInfo *system.Info) (proto.ManagementService_SyncClient, error) {
 	req := &proto.SyncRequest{Meta: infoToMetaData(sysInfo)}
 
@@ -537,12 +565,19 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) IsHealthy() bool {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.ctx, healthCheckTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
-	_, err := c.realClient.GetServerKey(ctx, &proto.Empty{})
+	_, err := c.realClient.IsHealthy(ctx, &proto.Empty{})
 	if err != nil {
 		c.notifyDisconnected(err)
 		log.Warnf("health check returned: %s", err)
 		return false
 	}
+
+	if syncErr := c.syncStreamError(); syncErr != nil {
+		c.notifyDisconnected(syncErr)
+		log.Warnf("management transport is up but the Sync stream is unhealthy: %s", syncErr)
+		return false
+	}
+
 	c.notifyConnected()
 	return true
 }
@@ -620,6 +655,49 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) Login(sysInfo *system.Info, pubSSHKey []byte, dnsLabels dom
 	return c.login(&proto.LoginRequest{Meta: infoToMetaData(sysInfo), PeerKeys: keys, DnsLabels: dnsLabels.ToPunycodeList()})
 }
 
+// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's SSO session deadline on the management
+// server using a freshly issued JWT. The tunnel is untouched: no network map
+// sync, no peer reconnect. Returns the new absolute UTC deadline (zero time
+// when the server reports the field empty).
+func (c *GrpcClient) ExtendAuthSession(sysInfo *system.Info, jwtToken string) (*proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	if !c.ready() {
+		return nil, errors.New(errMsgNoMgmtConnection)
+	}
+
+	serverKey, err := c.getServerPublicKey()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	reqBody, err := encryption.EncryptMessage(*serverKey, c.key, &proto.ExtendAuthSessionRequest{
+		JwtToken: jwtToken,
+		Meta:     infoToMetaData(sysInfo),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to encrypt extend auth session message: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	mgmCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.ctx, ConnectTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	resp, err := c.realClient.ExtendAuthSession(mgmCtx, &proto.EncryptedMessage{
+		WgPubKey: c.key.PublicKey().String(),
+		Body:     reqBody,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to extend auth session on Management Service: %v", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	out := &proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse{}
+	if err := encryption.DecryptMessage(*serverKey, c.key, resp.Body, out); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to decrypt extend auth session response: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 // GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow returns a device authorization flow information.
 // It also takes care of encrypting and decrypting messages.
 func (c *GrpcClient) GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow() (*proto.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, error) {
@@ -729,6 +807,24 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) SyncMeta(sysInfo *system.Info) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+func (c *GrpcClient) setSyncStreamConnected() {
+	c.syncStreamMu.Lock()
+	defer c.syncStreamMu.Unlock()
+	c.syncStreamErr = nil
+}
+
+func (c *GrpcClient) setSyncStreamDisconnected(err error) {
+	c.syncStreamMu.Lock()
+	defer c.syncStreamMu.Unlock()
+	c.syncStreamErr = err
+}
+
+func (c *GrpcClient) syncStreamError() error {
+	c.syncStreamMu.RLock()
+	defer c.syncStreamMu.RUnlock()
+	return c.syncStreamErr
+}
+
 func (c *GrpcClient) notifyDisconnected(err error) {
 	c.connStateCallbackLock.RLock()
 	defer c.connStateCallbackLock.RUnlock()
@@ -943,6 +1039,7 @@ func infoToMetaData(info *system.Info) *proto.PeerSystemMeta {
 			RosenpassEnabled:    info.RosenpassEnabled,
 			RosenpassPermissive: info.RosenpassPermissive,
 			ServerSSHAllowed:    info.ServerSSHAllowed,
+			RemoteJobsAllowed:   info.RemoteJobsAllowed,
 
 			DisableClientRoutes: info.DisableClientRoutes,
 			DisableServerRoutes: info.DisableServerRoutes,
@@ -950,8 +1047,29 @@ func infoToMetaData(info *system.Info) *proto.PeerSystemMeta {
 			DisableFirewall:     info.DisableFirewall,
 			BlockLANAccess:      info.BlockLANAccess,
 			BlockInbound:        info.BlockInbound,
-
-			LazyConnectionEnabled: info.LazyConnectionEnabled,
+			DisableIPv6:         info.DisableIPv6,
 		},
+
+		Capabilities: peerCapabilities(*info),
+
+		SyncMessageVersion: syncMessageVersion(*info),
 	}
 }
+
+// peerCapabilities returns the capabilities this client supports.
+func peerCapabilities(info system.Info) []proto.PeerCapability {
+	caps := []proto.PeerCapability{
+		proto.PeerCapability_PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes,
+	}
+	if !info.DisableIPv6 {
+		caps = append(caps, proto.PeerCapability_PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay)
+	}
+	return caps
+}
+
+func syncMessageVersion(info system.Info) int32 {
+	if info.SyncMessageVersion != nil {
+		return int32(*info.SyncMessageVersion)
+	}
+	return int32(nbmgmtgrpc.HighestSyncMessageVersion)
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/grpc_test.go b/shared/management/client/grpc_test.go
index 462cc43af..c947130fd 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/grpc_test.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/grpc_test.go
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ func TestMaxRecvMsgSize(t *testing.T) {
 		envValue string
 		expected int
 	}{
-		{name: "unset returns 0", envValue: "", expected: 0},
+		{name: "unset returns default", envValue: "", expected: defaultMaxRecvMsgSize},
 		{name: "valid value", envValue: "10485760", expected: 10485760},
-		{name: "non-numeric returns 0", envValue: "abc", expected: 0},
-		{name: "negative returns 0", envValue: "-1", expected: 0},
-		{name: "zero returns 0", envValue: "0", expected: 0},
+		{name: "non-numeric returns default", envValue: "abc", expected: defaultMaxRecvMsgSize},
+		{name: "negative returns default", envValue: "-1", expected: defaultMaxRecvMsgSize},
+		{name: "zero returns default", envValue: "0", expected: defaultMaxRecvMsgSize},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
diff --git a/shared/management/client/mock.go b/shared/management/client/mock.go
index 361e8ffad..28278dcab 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/mock.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/mock.go
@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ import (
 // MockClient is a mock implementation of the Client interface for testing.
 type MockClient struct {
 	CloseFunc                      func() error
-	SyncFunc                       func(ctx context.Context, sysInfo *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error
+	SyncFunc                       func(ctx context.Context, getInfo func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error
 	RegisterFunc                   func(setupKey string, jwtToken string, info *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.List) (*proto.LoginResponse, error)
 	LoginFunc                      func(info *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.List) (*proto.LoginResponse, error)
+	ExtendAuthSessionFunc          func(info *system.Info, jwtToken string) (*proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse, error)
 	GetDeviceAuthorizationFlowFunc func() (*proto.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, error)
 	GetPKCEAuthorizationFlowFunc   func() (*proto.PKCEAuthorizationFlow, error)
 	GetServerURLFunc               func() string
@@ -37,11 +38,11 @@ func (m *MockClient) Close() error {
 	return m.CloseFunc()
 }
 
-func (m *MockClient) Sync(ctx context.Context, sysInfo *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error {
+func (m *MockClient) Sync(ctx context.Context, getInfo func(ctx context.Context) *system.Info, msgHandler func(msg *proto.SyncResponse) error) error {
 	if m.SyncFunc == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return m.SyncFunc(ctx, sysInfo, msgHandler)
+	return m.SyncFunc(ctx, getInfo, msgHandler)
 }
 
 func (m *MockClient) Job(ctx context.Context, msgHandler func(msg *proto.JobRequest) *proto.JobResponse) error {
@@ -65,6 +66,13 @@ func (m *MockClient) Login(info *system.Info, sshKey []byte, dnsLabels domain.Li
 	return m.LoginFunc(info, sshKey, dnsLabels)
 }
 
+func (m *MockClient) ExtendAuthSession(info *system.Info, jwtToken string) (*proto.ExtendAuthSessionResponse, error) {
+	if m.ExtendAuthSessionFunc == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return m.ExtendAuthSessionFunc(info, jwtToken)
+}
+
 func (m *MockClient) GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow() (*proto.DeviceAuthorizationFlow, error) {
 	if m.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlowFunc == nil {
 		return nil, nil
@@ -86,11 +94,6 @@ func (m *MockClient) HealthCheck() error {
 	return m.HealthCheckFunc()
 }
 
-// GetNetworkMap mock implementation of GetNetworkMap from Client interface.
-func (m *MockClient) GetNetworkMap(_ *system.Info) (*proto.NetworkMap, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
 // GetServerURL mock implementation of GetServerURL from mgm.Client interface
 func (m *MockClient) GetServerURL() string {
 	if m.GetServerURLFunc == nil {
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/agentnetwork.go b/shared/management/client/rest/agentnetwork.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13328aab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/agentnetwork.go
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+package rest
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// AgentNetworkAPI APIs for the Agent Network (AI/LLM gateway), do not use directly
+// see more: https://docs.netbird.io/api/resources/agent-network
+type AgentNetworkAPI struct {
+	c *Client
+}
+
+// ListCatalogProviders lists the catalog of supported upstream AI providers
+// (openai_api, anthropic_api, bedrock_api, ...) with their default models and
+// pricing, used to prefill provider create forms.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) ListCatalogProviders(ctx context.Context) ([]api.AgentNetworkCatalogProvider, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/catalog/providers", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[[]api.AgentNetworkCatalogProvider](resp)
+	return ret, err
+}
+
+// ListProviders lists all Agent Network providers
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) ListProviders(ctx context.Context) ([]api.AgentNetworkProvider, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/providers", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[[]api.AgentNetworkProvider](resp)
+	return ret, err
+}
+
+// GetProvider gets Agent Network provider info
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) GetProvider(ctx context.Context, providerID string) (*api.AgentNetworkProvider, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/providers/"+providerID, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkProvider](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// CreateProvider creates a new Agent Network provider. Providers have no
+// settings side effects — bootstrap the account's gateway endpoint separately
+// via CreateSettings.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) CreateProvider(ctx context.Context, request api.PostApiAgentNetworkProvidersJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkProvider, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "POST", "/api/agent-network/providers", bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkProvider](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// UpdateProvider updates an Agent Network provider. The request replaces the
+// provider's mutable state; only an omitted api_key keeps the stored key
+// (secrets are never required to round-trip).
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) UpdateProvider(ctx context.Context, providerID string, request api.PutApiAgentNetworkProvidersProviderIdJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkProvider, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "PUT", "/api/agent-network/providers/"+providerID, bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkProvider](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// DeleteProvider deletes an Agent Network provider. Fails while any policy
+// still references the provider — detach it first.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) DeleteProvider(ctx context.Context, providerID string) error {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "DELETE", "/api/agent-network/providers/"+providerID, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ListPolicies lists all Agent Network policies
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) ListPolicies(ctx context.Context) ([]api.AgentNetworkPolicy, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/policies", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[[]api.AgentNetworkPolicy](resp)
+	return ret, err
+}
+
+// GetPolicy gets Agent Network policy info
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) GetPolicy(ctx context.Context, policyID string) (*api.AgentNetworkPolicy, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/policies/"+policyID, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkPolicy](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// CreatePolicy creates a new Agent Network policy
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) CreatePolicy(ctx context.Context, request api.PostApiAgentNetworkPoliciesJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkPolicy, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "POST", "/api/agent-network/policies", bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkPolicy](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// UpdatePolicy updates an Agent Network policy
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) UpdatePolicy(ctx context.Context, policyID string, request api.PutApiAgentNetworkPoliciesPolicyIdJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkPolicy, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "PUT", "/api/agent-network/policies/"+policyID, bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkPolicy](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// DeletePolicy deletes an Agent Network policy
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) DeletePolicy(ctx context.Context, policyID string) error {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "DELETE", "/api/agent-network/policies/"+policyID, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ListGuardrails lists all Agent Network guardrails
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) ListGuardrails(ctx context.Context) ([]api.AgentNetworkGuardrail, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/guardrails", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[[]api.AgentNetworkGuardrail](resp)
+	return ret, err
+}
+
+// GetGuardrail gets Agent Network guardrail info
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) GetGuardrail(ctx context.Context, guardrailID string) (*api.AgentNetworkGuardrail, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/guardrails/"+guardrailID, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkGuardrail](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// CreateGuardrail creates a new Agent Network guardrail
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) CreateGuardrail(ctx context.Context, request api.PostApiAgentNetworkGuardrailsJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkGuardrail, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "POST", "/api/agent-network/guardrails", bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkGuardrail](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// UpdateGuardrail updates an Agent Network guardrail
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) UpdateGuardrail(ctx context.Context, guardrailID string, request api.PutApiAgentNetworkGuardrailsGuardrailIdJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkGuardrail, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "PUT", "/api/agent-network/guardrails/"+guardrailID, bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkGuardrail](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// DeleteGuardrail deletes an Agent Network guardrail
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) DeleteGuardrail(ctx context.Context, guardrailID string) error {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "DELETE", "/api/agent-network/guardrails/"+guardrailID, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ListBudgetRules lists all account-level Agent Network budget rules
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) ListBudgetRules(ctx context.Context) ([]api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/budget-rules", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[[]api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule](resp)
+	return ret, err
+}
+
+// GetBudgetRule gets Agent Network budget rule info
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) GetBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, ruleID string) (*api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/budget-rules/"+ruleID, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// CreateBudgetRule creates a new Agent Network budget rule
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) CreateBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, request api.PostApiAgentNetworkBudgetRulesJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "POST", "/api/agent-network/budget-rules", bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// UpdateBudgetRule updates an Agent Network budget rule
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) UpdateBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, ruleID string, request api.PutApiAgentNetworkBudgetRulesRuleIdJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "PUT", "/api/agent-network/budget-rules/"+ruleID, bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// DeleteBudgetRule deletes an Agent Network budget rule
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) DeleteBudgetRule(ctx context.Context, ruleID string) error {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "DELETE", "/api/agent-network/budget-rules/"+ruleID, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetSettings gets the account's Agent Network gateway settings (endpoint,
+// proxy address, collection toggles). An account that has not been
+// bootstrapped yet — via CreateSettings — reads as the defaults with an empty
+// Endpoint and ProxyAddress. Management servers prior to that contract
+// answered 200 with a JSON null body instead; that legacy shape is translated
+// to an APIError matchable via IsNotFound rather than fabricating defaults
+// the server never stated.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) GetSettings(ctx context.Context) (*api.AgentNetworkSettings, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/agent-network/settings", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if trimmed := bytes.TrimSpace(body); len(trimmed) == 0 || bytes.Equal(trimmed, []byte("null")) {
+		return nil, &APIError{StatusCode: http.StatusNotFound, Message: "agent network settings not found"}
+	}
+	var ret api.AgentNetworkSettings
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &ret); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &ret, nil
+}
+
+// CreateSettings bootstraps the account's Agent Network settings row,
+// assigning the immutable endpoint. Exactly one of request.ProxyAddress
+// (labeled endpoint beneath that cluster; the server allocates the label) and
+// request.Endpoint (self-addressed dedicated endpoint, claimed verbatim) must
+// be set. Returns a conflict when the account already has a settings row.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) CreateSettings(ctx context.Context, request api.PostApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkSettings, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "POST", "/api/agent-network/settings", bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkSettings](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// UpdateSettings updates the account's Agent Network settings; the request
+// carries every field, replacing the mutable ones (collection toggles and
+// retention). The endpoint and proxy address are assigned at bootstrap
+// (CreateSettings) and immutable — the request must echo them unchanged, and
+// a request carrying different values is rejected. Returns not-found until
+// the account is bootstrapped.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) UpdateSettings(ctx context.Context, request api.PutApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody) (*api.AgentNetworkSettings, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "PUT", "/api/agent-network/settings", bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.AgentNetworkSettings](resp)
+	return &ret, err
+}
+
+// DeleteSettings deletes the account's Agent Network settings row, releasing
+// the endpoint. The server refuses (precondition failed) while any provider
+// exists for the account or while a proxy is actively serving the endpoint.
+// Bootstrapping again afterwards allocates a new endpoint.
+func (a *AgentNetworkAPI) DeleteSettings(ctx context.Context) error {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "DELETE", "/api/agent-network/settings", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/agentnetwork_test.go b/shared/management/client/rest/agentnetwork_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..049aa6cfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/agentnetwork_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package rest_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/rest"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+)
+
+var (
+	testAgentNetworkProvider = api.AgentNetworkProvider{
+		Id:          "ainp_test",
+		ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+		Name:        "OpenAI",
+		UpstreamUrl: "https://api.openai.com",
+		Models:      []api.AgentNetworkProviderModel{},
+		Enabled:     true,
+	}
+
+	testAgentNetworkPolicy = api.AgentNetworkPolicy{
+		Id:                     "ainpol_test",
+		Name:                   "Engineering → OpenAI",
+		Enabled:                true,
+		SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-eng"},
+		DestinationProviderIds: []string{"ainp_test"},
+	}
+
+	testAgentNetworkGuardrail = api.AgentNetworkGuardrail{
+		Id:   "aingr_test",
+		Name: "No secrets",
+	}
+
+	testAgentNetworkBudgetRule = api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule{
+		Id:      "ainbud_test",
+		Name:    "Org monthly ceiling",
+		Enabled: true,
+	}
+
+	testAgentNetworkSettings = api.AgentNetworkSettings{
+		Endpoint:               "violet.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		ProxyAddress:           "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+		Dedicated:              false,
+		EnableLogCollection:    true,
+		AccessLogRetentionDays: ptr(30),
+	}
+)
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_ListCatalogProviders_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/catalog/providers", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal([]api.AgentNetworkCatalogProvider{{Id: "openai_api", Name: "OpenAI"}})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.ListCatalogProviders(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, ret, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai_api", ret[0].Id)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_ListProviders_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/providers", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal([]api.AgentNetworkProvider{testAgentNetworkProvider})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.ListProviders(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, ret, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkProvider, ret[0])
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_GetProvider_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/providers/ainp_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "GET", r.Method)
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkProvider)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.GetProvider(context.Background(), "ainp_test")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkProvider, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_GetProvider_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/providers/ainp_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "not found", Code: 404})
+			w.WriteHeader(404)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		_, err := c.AgentNetwork.GetProvider(context.Background(), "ainp_test")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, rest.IsNotFound(err), "a 404 must be matchable via IsNotFound")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_CreateProvider_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/providers", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "POST", r.Method)
+			reqBytes, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			var req api.PostApiAgentNetworkProvidersJSONRequestBody
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(reqBytes, &req))
+			assert.Equal(t, "OpenAI", req.Name)
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkProvider)
+			_, err = w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.CreateProvider(context.Background(), api.PostApiAgentNetworkProvidersJSONRequestBody{
+			ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+			Name:        "OpenAI",
+			UpstreamUrl: "https://api.openai.com",
+			ApiKey:      ptr("sk-test"),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkProvider, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_UpdateProvider_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/providers/ainp_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "PUT", r.Method)
+			reqBytes, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			// Omitted optional fields must be absent from the wire (not
+			// zero-valued) so the server-side merge preserves them.
+			assert.NotContains(t, string(reqBytes), "api_key")
+			assert.NotContains(t, string(reqBytes), "models")
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkProvider)
+			_, err = w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.UpdateProvider(context.Background(), "ainp_test", api.PutApiAgentNetworkProvidersProviderIdJSONRequestBody{
+			ProviderId:  "openai_api",
+			Name:        "OpenAI",
+			UpstreamUrl: "https://api.openai.com",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkProvider, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_DeleteProvider_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/providers/ainp_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "DELETE", r.Method)
+			_, err := w.Write([]byte("{}"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		err := c.AgentNetwork.DeleteProvider(context.Background(), "ainp_test")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_ListPolicies_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/policies", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal([]api.AgentNetworkPolicy{testAgentNetworkPolicy})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.ListPolicies(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, ret, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkPolicy, ret[0])
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_GetPolicy_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/policies/ainpol_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkPolicy)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.GetPolicy(context.Background(), "ainpol_test")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkPolicy, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_CreatePolicy_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/policies", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "POST", r.Method)
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkPolicy)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.CreatePolicy(context.Background(), api.PostApiAgentNetworkPoliciesJSONRequestBody{
+			Name:                   "Engineering → OpenAI",
+			SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-eng"},
+			DestinationProviderIds: []string{"ainp_test"},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkPolicy, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_UpdatePolicy_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/policies/ainpol_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "PUT", r.Method)
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkPolicy)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.UpdatePolicy(context.Background(), "ainpol_test", api.PutApiAgentNetworkPoliciesPolicyIdJSONRequestBody{
+			Name:                   "Engineering → OpenAI",
+			SourceGroups:           []string{"grp-eng"},
+			DestinationProviderIds: []string{"ainp_test"},
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkPolicy, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_DeletePolicy_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/policies/ainpol_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "DELETE", r.Method)
+			_, err := w.Write([]byte("{}"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		err := c.AgentNetwork.DeletePolicy(context.Background(), "ainpol_test")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_ListGuardrails_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/guardrails", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal([]api.AgentNetworkGuardrail{testAgentNetworkGuardrail})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.ListGuardrails(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, ret, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkGuardrail, ret[0])
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_GetGuardrail_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/guardrails/aingr_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkGuardrail)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.GetGuardrail(context.Background(), "aingr_test")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkGuardrail, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_CreateGuardrail_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/guardrails", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "POST", r.Method)
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkGuardrail)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.CreateGuardrail(context.Background(), api.PostApiAgentNetworkGuardrailsJSONRequestBody{
+			Name: "No secrets",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkGuardrail, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_UpdateGuardrail_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/guardrails/aingr_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "PUT", r.Method)
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkGuardrail)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.UpdateGuardrail(context.Background(), "aingr_test", api.PutApiAgentNetworkGuardrailsGuardrailIdJSONRequestBody{
+			Name: "No secrets",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkGuardrail, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_DeleteGuardrail_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/guardrails/aingr_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "DELETE", r.Method)
+			_, err := w.Write([]byte("{}"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		err := c.AgentNetwork.DeleteGuardrail(context.Background(), "aingr_test")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_ListBudgetRules_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/budget-rules", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal([]api.AgentNetworkBudgetRule{testAgentNetworkBudgetRule})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.ListBudgetRules(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Len(t, ret, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkBudgetRule, ret[0])
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_GetBudgetRule_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/budget-rules/ainbud_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkBudgetRule)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.GetBudgetRule(context.Background(), "ainbud_test")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkBudgetRule, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_CreateBudgetRule_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/budget-rules", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "POST", r.Method)
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkBudgetRule)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.CreateBudgetRule(context.Background(), api.PostApiAgentNetworkBudgetRulesJSONRequestBody{
+			Name: "Org monthly ceiling",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkBudgetRule, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_UpdateBudgetRule_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/budget-rules/ainbud_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "PUT", r.Method)
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkBudgetRule)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.UpdateBudgetRule(context.Background(), "ainbud_test", api.PutApiAgentNetworkBudgetRulesRuleIdJSONRequestBody{
+			Name: "Org monthly ceiling",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkBudgetRule, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_DeleteBudgetRule_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/budget-rules/ainbud_test", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "DELETE", r.Method)
+			_, err := w.Write([]byte("{}"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		err := c.AgentNetwork.DeleteBudgetRule(context.Background(), "ainbud_test")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_GetSettings_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkSettings)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.GetSettings(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkSettings, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAgentNetwork_GetSettings_UnbootstrappedDefaults pins the settings-read
+// contract: an unbootstrapped account answers 200 with the defaults and empty
+// cluster/subdomain/endpoint, which the client passes through untouched.
+func TestAgentNetwork_GetSettings_UnbootstrappedDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(api.AgentNetworkSettings{
+				EnableLogCollection:    true,
+				AccessLogRetentionDays: ptr(30),
+			})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.GetSettings(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, ret.Endpoint, "empty endpoint is the not-bootstrapped signal")
+		assert.True(t, ret.EnableLogCollection, "defaults must pass through")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_GetSettings_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "no", Code: 403})
+			w.WriteHeader(403)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		_, err := c.AgentNetwork.GetSettings(context.Background())
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "no", err.Error())
+	})
+}
+
+// TestAgentNetwork_GetSettings_LegacyNullBody pins the compatibility shim for
+// management servers that answered 200 with a JSON null body before the
+// defaults contract: the client translates that shape into an IsNotFound
+// error instead of returning a bogus zero-valued settings object or
+// fabricating defaults the server never stated.
+func TestAgentNetwork_GetSettings_LegacyNullBody(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			_, err := w.Write([]byte("null"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.GetSettings(context.Background())
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, ret)
+		assert.True(t, rest.IsNotFound(err), "the legacy 200+null shape must surface as IsNotFound")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_CreateSettings_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "POST", r.Method)
+			reqBytes, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			var req api.PostApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(reqBytes, &req))
+			require.NotNil(t, req.ProxyAddress, "proxy address must be on the wire")
+			assert.Equal(t, "eu.proxy.netbird.io", *req.ProxyAddress)
+			assert.Nil(t, req.Endpoint, "endpoint must stay off the wire for a labeled bootstrap")
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkSettings)
+			_, err = w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.CreateSettings(context.Background(), api.PostApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody{
+			ProxyAddress: ptr("eu.proxy.netbird.io"),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkSettings, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_CreateSettings_Conflict(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "agent network settings already bootstrapped for account acct1", Code: 409})
+			w.WriteHeader(409)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		_, err := c.AgentNetwork.CreateSettings(context.Background(), api.PostApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody{
+			Endpoint: ptr("gw.example.com"),
+		})
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "already bootstrapped")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_UpdateSettings_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "PUT", r.Method)
+			reqBytes, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			var req api.PutApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(reqBytes, &req))
+			assert.True(t, req.EnableLogCollection)
+			assert.Equal(t, "brave-otter.eu.proxy.netbird.io", req.Endpoint,
+				"the identity echo must be on the wire")
+			assert.Equal(t, "eu.proxy.netbird.io", req.ProxyAddress,
+				"the identity echo must be on the wire")
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testAgentNetworkSettings)
+			_, err = w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.AgentNetwork.UpdateSettings(context.Background(), api.PutApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody{
+			Endpoint:            "brave-otter.eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+			ProxyAddress:        "eu.proxy.netbird.io",
+			EnableLogCollection: true,
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testAgentNetworkSettings, *ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_UpdateSettings_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "agent network settings have not been bootstrapped yet; POST /api/agent-network/settings to bootstrap them", Code: 404})
+			w.WriteHeader(404)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		_, err := c.AgentNetwork.UpdateSettings(context.Background(), api.PutApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody{
+			EnableLogCollection: true,
+		})
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.True(t, rest.IsNotFound(err), "an unbootstrapped account must surface as IsNotFound")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_DeleteSettings_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "DELETE", r.Method)
+			_, err := w.Write([]byte("{}"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, c.AgentNetwork.DeleteSettings(context.Background()))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestAgentNetwork_DeleteSettings_Guarded(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/agent-network/settings", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "agent network settings cannot be deleted while 2 provider(s) exist; delete the providers first", Code: 412})
+			w.WriteHeader(412)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		err := c.AgentNetwork.DeleteSettings(context.Background())
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "cannot be deleted")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/client.go b/shared/management/client/rest/client.go
index f0cb4d2d1..6154a6637 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/rest/client.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/client.go
@@ -143,6 +143,14 @@ type Client struct {
 
 	// ReverseProxyDomains NetBird reverse proxy domains APIs
 	ReverseProxyDomains *ReverseProxyDomainsAPI
+
+	// ReverseProxyTokens account-scoped proxy access tokens used to register
+	// self-hosted (bring-your-own-proxy) `netbird proxy` instances.
+	ReverseProxyTokens *ReverseProxyTokensAPI
+
+	// AgentNetwork NetBird Agent Network (AI/LLM gateway) APIs: catalog,
+	// providers, policies, guardrails, budget rules and account settings.
+	AgentNetwork *AgentNetworkAPI
 }
 
 // New initialize new Client instance using PAT token
@@ -204,6 +212,8 @@ func (c *Client) initialize() {
 	c.ReverseProxyServices = &ReverseProxyServicesAPI{c}
 	c.ReverseProxyClusters = &ReverseProxyClustersAPI{c}
 	c.ReverseProxyDomains = &ReverseProxyDomainsAPI{c}
+	c.ReverseProxyTokens = &ReverseProxyTokensAPI{c}
+	c.AgentNetwork = &AgentNetworkAPI{c}
 }
 
 // NewRequest creates and executes new management API request
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters.go
index b55cd35a3..ca9714dc0 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters.go
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package rest
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net/url"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
 )
@@ -11,7 +13,10 @@ type ReverseProxyClustersAPI struct {
 	c *Client
 }
 
-// List lists all available proxy clusters
+// List lists all available proxy clusters. Each cluster is enriched with the
+// capability flags reported by its connected proxies (supports_custom_ports,
+// supports_crowdsec, private, etc.), so callers can render UX gates without
+// a follow-up round-trip.
 func (a *ReverseProxyClustersAPI) List(ctx context.Context) ([]api.ProxyCluster, error) {
 	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/reverse-proxies/clusters", nil, nil)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -23,3 +28,24 @@ func (a *ReverseProxyClustersAPI) List(ctx context.Context) ([]api.ProxyCluster,
 	ret, err := parseResponse[[]api.ProxyCluster](resp)
 	return ret, err
 }
+
+// Delete removes every self-hosted (BYOP) proxy registration for the given
+// cluster address owned by the calling account. Shared clusters operated by
+// NetBird cannot be deleted via this endpoint; the server returns 404 / 400
+// for cluster addresses the account does not own.
+func (a *ReverseProxyClustersAPI) Delete(ctx context.Context, clusterAddress string) error {
+	// Guard against the empty input: url.PathEscape("") returns "" which
+	// would collapse the request URL onto the collection endpoint and
+	// silently delete nothing (or 405 depending on routing).
+	if clusterAddress == "" {
+		return errors.New("clusterAddress is required")
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "DELETE", "/api/reverse-proxies/clusters/"+url.PathEscape(clusterAddress), nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters_test.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16f955d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_clusters_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package rest_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/rest"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+)
+
+func boolPtr(b bool) *bool { return &b }
+
+var testCluster = api.ProxyCluster{
+	Id:                  "cluster-1",
+	Address:             "proxy.netbird.local",
+	Type:                "shared",
+	Online:              true,
+	ConnectedProxies:    2,
+	SupportsCustomPorts: boolPtr(true),
+	RequireSubdomain:    boolPtr(false),
+	SupportsCrowdsec:    boolPtr(false),
+	Private:             boolPtr(true),
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_List_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "GET", r.Method, "List must use GET")
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal([]api.ProxyCluster{testCluster})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.List(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, ret, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, testCluster.Id, ret[0].Id)
+		assert.Equal(t, testCluster.Address, ret[0].Address)
+		require.NotNil(t, ret[0].Private, "private capability must round-trip through the client")
+		assert.True(t, *ret[0].Private, "private capability must reflect the server value")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_List_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "No", Code: 500})
+			w.WriteHeader(500)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.List(context.Background())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_Delete_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		// PathEscape on "proxy.netbird.local" leaves it intact; the route mux
+		// matches the unescaped form. Sanity-check both the method and that
+		// path-escaping doesn't double-encode the dotted address.
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters/proxy.netbird.local", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "DELETE", r.Method, "Delete must use DELETE")
+			w.WriteHeader(200)
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.Delete(context.Background(), "proxy.netbird.local")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_Delete_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters/proxy.netbird.local", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "Not found", Code: 404})
+			w.WriteHeader(404)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.Delete(context.Background(), "proxy.netbird.local")
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestReverseProxyClusters_Delete_EmptyAddress guards against an empty
+// clusterAddress reaching the wire — that would collapse the URL onto
+// the collection endpoint instead of a specific cluster. The client
+// must short-circuit with a typed error before any request is issued.
+func TestReverseProxyClusters_Delete_EmptyAddress(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/clusters/", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {
+			t.Fatal("empty clusterAddress must be rejected client-side; no request should reach the server")
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyClusters.Delete(context.Background(), "")
+		assert.Error(t, err, "empty clusterAddress must surface as an error")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_services_test.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_services_test.go
index 164563e97..1a93472db 100644
--- a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_services_test.go
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_services_test.go
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Create_200(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "test-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, testService.Id, ret.Id)
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Create_Err(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "test-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
 		})
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "No", err.Error())
@@ -154,8 +154,9 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Create_WithPerTargetOptions(t *testing.T) {
 			var req api.ServiceRequest
 			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(reqBytes, &req))
 
-			require.Len(t, req.Targets, 1)
-			target := req.Targets[0]
+			require.NotNil(t, req.Targets, "targets must be set on the request")
+			require.Len(t, *req.Targets, 1)
+			target := (*req.Targets)[0]
 			require.NotNil(t, target.Options, "options should be present")
 			opts := target.Options
 			require.NotNil(t, opts.SkipTlsVerify, "skip_tls_verify should be present")
@@ -177,8 +178,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Create_WithPerTargetOptions(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "test-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{
 				{
 					TargetId:   "peer-123",
 					TargetType: "peer",
@@ -216,8 +217,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Update_200(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "updated-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
 		})
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, testService.Id, ret.Id)
@@ -236,8 +237,8 @@ func TestReverseProxyServices_Update_Err(t *testing.T) {
 			Name:    "updated-service",
 			Domain:  "test.example.com",
 			Enabled: true,
-			Auth:    api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
-			Targets: []api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
+			Auth:    &api.ServiceAuthConfig{},
+			Targets: &[]api.ServiceTarget{testServiceTarget},
 		})
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "No", err.Error())
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..caa240395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens.go
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package rest
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/url"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+)
+
+// ReverseProxyTokensAPI exposes the account-scoped proxy access tokens that
+// self-hosted (bring-your-own-proxy) deployments use to register a
+// `netbird proxy` instance with management. Tokens are bound to the
+// calling account; revoking a token disconnects every proxy that
+// authenticated with it.
+type ReverseProxyTokensAPI struct {
+	c *Client
+}
+
+// List returns every proxy token the calling account has minted, including
+// already-revoked entries. The plain token is never returned — only the
+// metadata (id, name, created_at, last_used, revoked).
+func (a *ReverseProxyTokensAPI) List(ctx context.Context) ([]api.ProxyToken, error) {
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "GET", "/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[[]api.ProxyToken](resp)
+	return ret, err
+}
+
+// Create mints a fresh account-scoped proxy token. The returned
+// ProxyTokenCreated.PlainToken is shown only once — callers must persist
+// it immediately. Subsequent reads will only expose the token metadata,
+// not the secret material.
+func (a *ReverseProxyTokensAPI) Create(ctx context.Context, request api.ProxyTokenRequest) (*api.ProxyTokenCreated, error) {
+	requestBytes, err := json.Marshal(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "POST", "/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", bytes.NewReader(requestBytes), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	ret, err := parseResponse[api.ProxyTokenCreated](resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &ret, nil
+}
+
+// Delete revokes a previously-issued proxy token by ID. Revoked tokens
+// remain in List output (with revoked=true) so operators can audit which
+// credentials existed; the plain secret can no longer authenticate any
+// new proxy registration.
+func (a *ReverseProxyTokensAPI) Delete(ctx context.Context, tokenID string) error {
+	// Guard against the empty input: url.PathEscape("") returns "" which
+	// would collapse the request URL onto the collection endpoint and
+	// silently delete nothing (or 405 depending on routing).
+	if tokenID == "" {
+		return errors.New("tokenID is required")
+	}
+	resp, err := a.c.NewRequest(ctx, "DELETE", "/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/"+url.PathEscape(tokenID), nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if resp.Body != nil {
+		defer resp.Body.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens_test.go b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ecd80bd1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/client/rest/reverse_proxy_tokens_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+//go:build integration
+
+package rest_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client/rest"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/api"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/http/util"
+)
+
+func intPtr(v int) *int { return &v }
+
+var testProxyToken = api.ProxyToken{
+	Id:        "tok-1",
+	Name:      "ci-runner",
+	CreatedAt: time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	Revoked:   false,
+}
+
+var testProxyTokenCreated = api.ProxyTokenCreated{
+	Id:         "tok-1",
+	Name:       "ci-runner",
+	CreatedAt:  time.Date(2026, 5, 21, 9, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+	PlainToken: "nbproxy_abcdef0123456789",
+	Revoked:    false,
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_List_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "GET", r.Method, "List must use GET")
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal([]api.ProxyToken{testProxyToken})
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.List(context.Background())
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Len(t, ret, 1)
+		assert.Equal(t, testProxyToken.Id, ret[0].Id)
+		assert.Equal(t, testProxyToken.Name, ret[0].Name)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_List_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "No", Code: 500})
+			w.WriteHeader(500)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.List(context.Background())
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Empty(t, ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Create_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "POST", r.Method, "Create must use POST")
+			body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			var req api.ProxyTokenRequest
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &req), "server must receive a valid ProxyTokenRequest body")
+			assert.Equal(t, "ci-runner", req.Name, "name must round-trip through the client")
+			require.NotNil(t, req.ExpiresIn, "expires_in must be sent when provided")
+			assert.Equal(t, 3600, *req.ExpiresIn, "expires_in value must round-trip unchanged")
+
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(testProxyTokenCreated)
+			_, err = w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Create(context.Background(), api.ProxyTokenRequest{
+			Name:      "ci-runner",
+			ExpiresIn: intPtr(3600),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, testProxyTokenCreated.Id, ret.Id)
+		assert.Equal(t, testProxyTokenCreated.PlainToken, ret.PlainToken,
+			"PlainToken must be returned to the caller — it's the one-shot secret")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Create_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "Bad", Code: 400})
+			w.WriteHeader(400)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		ret, err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Create(context.Background(), api.ProxyTokenRequest{Name: ""})
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Nil(t, ret)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Delete_200(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/tok-1", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "DELETE", r.Method, "Delete must use DELETE")
+			w.WriteHeader(200)
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Delete(context.Background(), "tok-1")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Delete_Err(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/tok-1", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			retBytes, _ := json.Marshal(util.ErrorResponse{Message: "Not found", Code: 404})
+			w.WriteHeader(404)
+			_, err := w.Write(retBytes)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Delete(context.Background(), "tok-1")
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// TestReverseProxyTokens_Delete_EmptyID guards against an empty tokenID
+// reaching the wire — url.PathEscape("") would collapse the URL onto
+// the collection endpoint.
+func TestReverseProxyTokens_Delete_EmptyID(t *testing.T) {
+	withMockClient(func(c *rest.Client, mux *http.ServeMux) {
+		mux.HandleFunc("/api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/", func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) {
+			t.Fatal("empty tokenID must be rejected client-side; no request should reach the server")
+		})
+		err := c.ReverseProxyTokens.Delete(context.Background(), "")
+		assert.Error(t, err, "empty tokenID must surface as an error")
+	})
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/grpc/sync_message_versions.go b/shared/management/grpc/sync_message_versions.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4852408f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/grpc/sync_message_versions.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+type SyncMessageVersion uint16
+
+const (
+	Base SyncMessageVersion = iota
+	ComponentNetworkMap
+)
+
+const DefaultSyncMessageVersion = Base
+const HighestSyncMessageVersion = ComponentNetworkMap
+
+var ErrorUnrecognizedSyncMessageVersion = errors.New("unrecognized SyncMessageVersion")
+
+func ValidateSyncMessageVersion(v *int) error {
+	// empty list == we support all available versions
+	if v == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if *v < 0 || *v > int(HighestSyncMessageVersion) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sync message version must between 0 and %d, %w", HighestSyncMessageVersion, ErrorUnrecognizedSyncMessageVersion)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// returns SyncMessage version from config, or highest available version if the config is missing or
+// base if it is invalid
+// the assumption is ValidateSyncMessageVersion() has been called before using SyncMessageVersionFromConfig()
+func SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(v *int) SyncMessageVersion {
+	if v == nil {
+		return DefaultSyncMessageVersion
+	}
+	if *v < 0 || *v > int(HighestSyncMessageVersion) {
+		return Base
+	}
+
+	return SyncMessageVersion(*v)
+}
+
+// convert per-account supported versions to SyncMessageVersion
+// the assumption is ValidateSyncMessageVersion() has been called before using SyncMessageVersionsFromMap()
+func SyncMessageVersionsFromMap(toconvert map[string]int) map[string]SyncMessageVersion {
+	// no per-account overrides
+	if len(toconvert) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	toret := make(map[string]SyncMessageVersion)
+
+	for account, version := range toconvert {
+		toret[account] = SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(&version)
+	}
+	return toret
+}
+
+// return highest common sync message version, or Default (which is always available)
+func HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(a SyncMessageVersion, b SyncMessageVersion) SyncMessageVersion {
+	if a > b {
+		return b
+	}
+	return a
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/grpc/sync_message_versions_test.go b/shared/management/grpc/sync_message_versions_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..300274059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/grpc/sync_message_versions_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.NoError(t, ValidateSyncMessageVersion(nil))
+	assert.NoError(t, ValidateSyncMessageVersion(toIntPtr(0)))
+	assert.NoError(t, ValidateSyncMessageVersion(toIntPtr(1)))
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, ValidateSyncMessageVersion(toIntPtr(int(^uint(0)>>1))), ErrorUnrecognizedSyncMessageVersion)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, ValidateSyncMessageVersion(toIntPtr(-1)), ErrorUnrecognizedSyncMessageVersion)
+}
+
+func TestVersionFromConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultSyncMessageVersion, SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(nil))
+	assert.Equal(t, Base, SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(toIntPtr(0)))
+	assert.Equal(t, ComponentNetworkMap, SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(toIntPtr(1)))
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultSyncMessageVersion, SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(toIntPtr(-1)))
+	assert.Equal(t, DefaultSyncMessageVersion, SyncMessageVersionFromConfig(toIntPtr(int(^uint(0)>>1))))
+}
+
+func TestPerAccountConversionStringToEnum(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]SyncMessageVersion{"1": HighestSyncMessageVersion}, SyncMessageVersionsFromMap(map[string]int{"1": 1}))
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]SyncMessageVersion{"2": DefaultSyncMessageVersion}, SyncMessageVersionsFromMap(map[string]int{"2": -1}))
+}
+
+func TestCommonVersions(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, Base, HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(Base, HighestSyncMessageVersion))
+	assert.Equal(t, Base, HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(HighestSyncMessageVersion, Base))
+	assert.Equal(t, Base, HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(Base, Base))
+	assert.Equal(t, HighestSyncMessageVersion, HighestCommonSyncMessageVersion(HighestSyncMessageVersion, HighestSyncMessageVersion))
+}
+
+func toIntPtr(v int) *int {
+	return &v
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/http/api/generate.sh b/shared/management/http/api/generate.sh
index 3770ea90f..8f563e99a 100755
--- a/shared/management/http/api/generate.sh
+++ b/shared/management/http/api/generate.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
 if ! which realpath > /dev/null 2>&1
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ fi
 old_pwd=$(pwd)
 script_path=$(dirname $(realpath "$0"))
 cd "$script_path"
-go install github.com/oapi-codegen/oapi-codegen/v2/cmd/oapi-codegen@latest
+go install github.com/oapi-codegen/oapi-codegen/v2/cmd/oapi-codegen@v2.7.1
 oapi-codegen --config cfg.yaml openapi.yml
 cd "$old_pwd"
diff --git a/shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml b/shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml
index 0b855db67..5ad682c6b 100644
--- a/shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml
+++ b/shared/management/http/api/openapi.yml
@@ -154,6 +154,14 @@ components:
           type: boolean
           description: Whether sensitive data should be anonymized in the bundle.
           example: false
+        anonymize_level:
+          type: string
+          description: How much the anonymizer redacts. "default" (or empty) keeps internal IP ranges, "strict" also anonymizes them.
+          example: strict
+        upload_url:
+          type: string
+          description: Service URL the client requests an upload URL from before uploading the bundle. Empty selects the default upload server.
+          example: https://upload.debug.netbird.io
       required:
         - bundle_for
         - bundle_for_time
@@ -341,7 +349,11 @@ components:
           description: Allows to define a custom network range for the account in CIDR format
           type: string
           format: cidr
-          example: 100.64.0.0/16
+        network_range_v6:
+          description: Allows to define a custom IPv6 network range for the account in CIDR format.
+          type: string
+          format: cidr
+          example: fd00:1234:5678::/64
         peer_expose_enabled:
           description: Enables or disables peer expose. If enabled, peers can expose local services through the reverse proxy using the CLI.
           type: boolean
@@ -367,6 +379,16 @@ components:
           description: When true, updates are installed automatically in the background. When false, updates require user interaction from the UI.
           type: boolean
           example: false
+        metrics_push_enabled:
+          description: Enables or disables client metrics push for all peers in the account
+          type: boolean
+          example: false
+        agent_network_only:
+          description: Limits the dashboard to the Agent Network surface for this account. Set for accounts created via netbird.ai signups and can be disabled later. Enabling this requires dashboard_features.agent_network to be true in the same request.
+          type: boolean
+          example: false
+        dashboard_features:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AccountDashboardFeatures'
         embedded_idp_enabled:
           description: Indicates whether the embedded identity provider (Dex) is enabled for this account. This is a read-only field.
           type: boolean
@@ -377,6 +399,16 @@ components:
           type: boolean
           readOnly: true
           example: false
+        local_mfa_enabled:
+          description: Enables or disables TOTP multi-factor authentication for local users. Only applicable when the embedded identity provider is enabled.
+          type: boolean
+          example: false
+        ipv6_enabled_groups:
+          description: List of group IDs whose peers receive IPv6 overlay addresses. Peers not in any of these groups will not be allocated an IPv6 address. New accounts default to the All group.
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: ["ch8i4ug6lnn4g9hqv7m0"]
       required:
         - peer_login_expiration_enabled
         - peer_login_expiration
@@ -385,6 +417,14 @@ components:
         - regular_users_view_blocked
         - peer_expose_enabled
         - peer_expose_groups
+    AccountDashboardFeatures:
+      description: Per-account dashboard section visibility overrides. Omitted keys follow the default dashboard behavior.
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        agent_network:
+          description: Controls the Agent Network menu for the account regardless of the deployment feature flag. When true the menu is shown, when false it is hidden, and when omitted the default behavior applies. Must be true when agent_network_only is enabled.
+          type: boolean
+          example: true
     AccountExtraSettings:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -776,6 +816,11 @@ components:
           type: string
           format: ipv4
           example: 100.64.0.15
+        ipv6:
+          description: Peer's IPv6 overlay address. Omitted if IPv6 is not enabled for the account.
+          type: string
+          format: ipv6
+          example: "fd00:4e42:ab12::1"
       required:
         - name
         - ssh_enabled
@@ -795,6 +840,11 @@ components:
               description: Peer's IP address
               type: string
               example: 10.64.0.1
+            ipv6:
+              description: Peer's IPv6 overlay address
+              type: string
+              format: ipv6
+              example: "fd00:4e42:ab12::1"
             connection_ip:
               description: Peer's public connection IP address
               type: string
@@ -934,6 +984,10 @@ components:
           description: Indicates whether SSH access this peer is allowed or not
           type: boolean
           example: true
+        remote_jobs_allowed:
+          description: Indicates whether the peer has opted into management-requested remote jobs (e.g. debug bundles)
+          type: boolean
+          example: true
         disable_client_routes:
           description: Indicates whether client routes are disabled on this peer or not
           type: boolean
@@ -1013,6 +1067,10 @@ components:
               description: Peer's IP address
               type: string
               example: 10.64.0.1
+            ipv6:
+              description: Peer's IPv6 overlay address
+              type: string
+              example: "fd00:4e42:ab12::1"
             dns_label:
               description: Peer's DNS label is the parsed peer name for domain resolution. It is used to form an FQDN by appending the account's domain to the peer label. e.g. peer-dns-label.netbird.cloud
               type: string
@@ -1387,13 +1445,14 @@ components:
           enum: [ "all", "tcp", "udp", "icmp", "netbird-ssh" ]
           example: "tcp"
         ports:
-          description: Policy rule affected ports
+          description: Policy rule affected ports. Mutually exclusive with `port_ranges`. A rule accepts either individual ports or port ranges, not both.
+          x-omit-from-example: true
           type: array
           items:
             type: string
             example: "80"
         port_ranges:
-          description: Policy rule affected ports ranges list
+          description: Policy rule affected ports ranges list. Mutually exclusive with `ports`. To mix individual ports with ranges in one rule, express each single port as a range with identical start and end values (for example, start 443, end 443).
           type: array
           items:
             $ref: '#/components/schemas/RulePortRange'
@@ -1413,7 +1472,7 @@ components:
         - action
 
     RulePortRange:
-      description: Policy rule affected ports range
+      description: Policy rule affected ports range. A range with identical start and end values represents a single port.
       type: object
       properties:
         start:
@@ -1687,15 +1746,18 @@ components:
         - locations
         - action
     PeerNetworkRangeCheck:
-      description: Posture check for allow or deny access based on peer local network addresses
+      description: |
+        Posture check for allow or deny access based on the peer's IP addresses. A range matches when it
+        contains any of the peer's local network interface IPs or its public connection (NAT egress) IP,
+        so ranges may target private subnets, public CIDRs, or single hosts via a /32 or /128.
       type: object
       properties:
         ranges:
-          description: List of peer network ranges in CIDR notation
+          description: List of network ranges in CIDR notation, matched against the peer's local interface IPs and its public connection IP
           type: array
           items:
             type: string
-          example: [ "192.168.1.0/24", "10.0.0.0/8", "2001:db8:1234:1a00::/56" ]
+          example: [ "192.168.1.0/24", "10.0.0.0/8", "1.0.0.0/24", "2.2.2.2/32", "2001:db8:1234:1a00::/56" ]
         action:
           description: Action to take upon policy match
           type: string
@@ -2734,6 +2796,28 @@ components:
           type: integer
           description: "Number of packets transmitted."
           example: 5
+        num_of_starts:
+          type: integer
+          description: "Number of start events."
+          example: 3
+        num_of_ends:
+          type: integer
+          description: "Number of end events."
+          example: 4
+        num_of_drops:
+          type: integer
+          description: "Number of drop events."
+          example: 5
+        window_start:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp of the start of the aggregation window.
+          example: 2025-03-20T16:23:58.125397Z
+        window_end:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp of the end of the aggregation window.
+          example: 2025-03-20T16:23:58.125397Z
         events:
           type: array
           description: "List of events that are correlated to this flow (e.g., start, end)."
@@ -2755,6 +2839,11 @@ components:
         - rx_packets
         - tx_bytes
         - tx_packets
+        - num_of_starts
+        - num_of_ends
+        - num_of_drops
+        - window_start
+        - window_end
         - events
     NetworkTrafficEventsResponse:
       type: object
@@ -2917,6 +3006,7 @@ components:
         - okta
         - pocketid
         - microsoft
+        - adfs
       example: oidc
     IdentityProvider:
       type: object
@@ -3035,6 +3125,17 @@ components:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/AccessRestrictions'
         meta:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/ServiceMeta'
+        private:
+          type: boolean
+          description: When true, the service is NetBird-only — its target points at a proxy cluster, inbound peers authenticate via their WireGuard tunnel identity (no OIDC), and an ACL policy is auto-generated from access_groups to the cluster's proxy-peer group. Requires mode=http.
+          default: false
+          example: false
+        access_groups:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+          description: NetBird group IDs whose peers may reach this private service over the tunnel. Required when private=true; ignored otherwise. Mutually exclusive with bearer auth (SSO).
+          example: ["group-engineering"]
       required:
         - id
         - name
@@ -3115,6 +3216,17 @@ components:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/ServiceAuthConfig'
         access_restrictions:
           $ref: '#/components/schemas/AccessRestrictions'
+        private:
+          type: boolean
+          description: When true, the service is NetBird-only — its target points at a proxy cluster, inbound peers authenticate via their WireGuard tunnel identity (no OIDC), and an ACL policy is auto-generated from access_groups to the cluster's proxy-peer group. Requires mode=http.
+          default: false
+          example: false
+        access_groups:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+          description: NetBird group IDs whose peers may reach this private service over the tunnel. Required when private=true; ignored otherwise. Mutually exclusive with bearer auth (SSO).
+          example: ["group-engineering"]
       required:
         - name
         - domain
@@ -3153,6 +3265,15 @@ components:
           type: string
           description: Idle timeout before a UDP session is reaped, as a Go duration string (e.g. "30s", "2m").
           example: "2m"
+        direct_upstream:
+          type: boolean
+          description: |
+            When true, the proxy dials this target via the host's network stack
+            instead of through its embedded NetBird client. Use for upstreams
+            reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+            sidecars).
+          default: false
+          example: false
     ServiceTarget:
       type: object
       properties:
@@ -3163,7 +3284,7 @@ components:
         target_type:
           type: string
           description: Target type
-          enum: [peer, host, domain, subnet]
+          enum: [peer, host, domain, subnet, cluster]
           example: "subnet"
         path:
           type: string
@@ -3323,21 +3444,109 @@ components:
           example: false
       required:
         - enabled
+    ProxyTokenRequest:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Human-readable token name
+          example: "my-proxy-token"
+        expires_in:
+          type: integer
+          minimum: 0
+          description: Token expiration in seconds (0 = never expires)
+          example: 0
+      required:
+        - name
+    ProxyToken:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+        name:
+          type: string
+        expires_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+        created_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+        last_used:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+        revoked:
+          type: boolean
+      required:
+        - id
+        - name
+        - created_at
+        - revoked
+    ProxyTokenCreated:
+      type: object
+      description: Returned on creation — plain_token is shown only once
+      allOf:
+        - $ref: '#/components/schemas/ProxyToken'
+        - type: object
+          properties:
+            plain_token:
+              type: string
+              description: The plain text token (shown only once)
+              example: "nbx_abc123..."
+          required:
+            - plain_token
     ProxyCluster:
       type: object
       description: A proxy cluster represents a group of proxy nodes serving the same address
       properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Unique identifier of a proxy in this cluster
+          example: "chlfq4q5r8kc73b0qjpg"
         address:
           type: string
           description: Cluster address used for CNAME targets
           example: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+        type:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/ProxyClusterType'
+        online:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether at least one proxy in the cluster has heartbeated within the active window
+          example: true
         connected_proxies:
           type: integer
-          description: Number of proxy nodes connected in this cluster
+          description: Number of proxy nodes currently connected (heartbeat within the active window)
           example: 3
+        supports_custom_ports:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the cluster supports binding arbitrary TCP/UDP ports
+          example: true
+        require_subdomain:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether services on this cluster must include a subdomain label
+          example: false
+        supports_crowdsec:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether all active proxies in the cluster have CrowdSec configured
+          example: false
+        private:
+          type: boolean
+          description: True when at least one connected proxy in this cluster is running embedded in a netbird client (`netbird proxy`) and serving over a WireGuard tunnel. Lets the dashboard distinguish per-peer / private clusters from centralised ones.
+          example: false
       required:
+        - id
         - address
+        - type
+        - online
         - connected_proxies
+    ProxyClusterType:
+      type: string
+      description: |
+        Source of the proxy cluster. `account` clusters are owned and operated by the account (BYOP);
+        `shared` clusters are operated by NetBird and shared across accounts.
+      enum:
+        - account
+        - shared
+      example: shared
     ReverseProxyDomainType:
       type: string
       description: Type of Reverse Proxy Domain
@@ -3378,6 +3587,10 @@ components:
           type: boolean
           description: Whether the proxy cluster has CrowdSec configured
           example: false
+        supports_private:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the proxy cluster supports private (NetBird-only) services. True when at least one connected proxy in the cluster runs embedded in a netbird client.
+          example: false
       required:
         - id
         - domain
@@ -3425,6 +3638,17 @@ components:
           description: Display name for the admin user (defaults to email if not provided)
           type: string
           example: Admin User
+        create_pat:
+          description: If true and the server has setup-time PAT issuance enabled (NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED=true), create a Personal Access Token for the new owner user and return it in the response. Ignored when the server feature is disabled.
+          type: boolean
+          example: true
+        pat_expire_in:
+          description: Expiration of the Personal Access Token in days. Applies only when create_pat is true and the server feature is enabled. Defaults to 1 day when omitted.
+          type: integer
+          minimum: 1
+          maximum: 365
+          default: 1
+          example: 30
       required:
         - email
         - password
@@ -3441,6 +3665,12 @@ components:
           description: Email address of the created user
           type: string
           example: admin@example.com
+        personal_access_token:
+          description: Plain text Personal Access Token created during setup. Present only when create_pat was requested and the NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED feature was enabled on the server.
+          type: string
+          format: password
+          readOnly: true
+          example: nbp_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
       required:
         - user_id
         - email
@@ -4390,7 +4620,7 @@ components:
 
     FleetDMMatchAttributes:
       type: object
-      description: Attribute conditions to match when approving FleetDM hosts. Most attributes work with FleetDM's free/open-source version. Premium-only attributes are marked accordingly
+      description: Attribute conditions to match when approving FleetDM hosts. Most attributes work with FleetDM's free/open source version. Premium-only attributes are marked accordingly
       additionalProperties: false
       properties:
         disk_encryption_enabled:
@@ -4897,34 +5127,1497 @@ components:
           type: string
           description: A human-readable error message.
           example: "couldn't parse JSON request"
+    AgentNetworkProvider:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Provider ID
+          example: "ainp_d1m3kebd9pcs0c1pnu7g"
+        provider_id:
+          type: string
+          description: Catalog identifier for the upstream AI provider (e.g. openai_api, anthropic_api, azure_openai_api, bedrock_api, vertex_ai_api, mistral_api, custom).
+          example: "openai_api"
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Display name shown in the dashboard.
+          example: "OpenAI API"
+        upstream_url:
+          type: string
+          description: Full upstream URL (with scheme) that NetBird forwards traffic to.
+          example: "https://api.openai.com"
+        models:
+          type: array
+          description: Models exposed through this endpoint, with the operator's per-1k input/output prices. Empty means all catalog models are allowed at catalog prices.
+          items:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkProviderModel'
+        extra_values:
+          type: object
+          description: |
+            Operator-typed values for catalog-declared extra headers. Keys are wire header names (e.g. `x-portkey-config`); values are the strings the proxy stamps on every upstream request to this provider. Catalog (AgentNetworkCatalogProvider.extra_headers) declares which keys are accepted; values not declared by the catalog are ignored at synth time. Empty / missing values mean no header stamped.
+          additionalProperties:
+            type: string
+          example:
+            x-portkey-config: "pc-prod-3f2a"
+        identity_header_user_id:
+          type: string
+          description: |
+            Wire header name the proxy stamps with the caller's display identity (user email or peer name) when the catalog entry's HeaderPair is `customizable`. Always present in responses; empty disables stamping for this dimension. Ignored when the catalog entry has a fixed HeaderPair (e.g. LiteLLM, Portkey). Used today by Bifrost: typical values are `x-bf-lh-netbird_user_id` (always-on log metadata) or `x-bf-dim-netbird_user_id` (Prometheus / OTEL — requires the label to be pre-declared in the gateway's `client.prometheus_labels` config).
+          example: "x-bf-dim-netbird_user_id"
+        identity_header_groups:
+          type: string
+          description: |
+            Wire header name the proxy stamps with the caller's NetBird groups as a comma-separated list (sorted) when the catalog entry's HeaderPair is `customizable`. Always present in responses; empty disables stamping for this dimension. Same per-catalog semantics as `identity_header_user_id`.
+          example: "x-bf-dim-netbird_groups"
+        enabled:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the provider is enabled.
+          example: true
+        skip_tls_verification:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether upstream TLS certificate verification is skipped when the proxy dials this provider's URL. Intended for self-hosted / internal gateways behind a private or self-signed certificate.
+          example: false
+        metadata_disabled:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether identity metadata injection is disabled for this provider. When enabled (the default), the proxy stamps the caller's user and authorizing group onto upstream requests as provider-specific metadata (e.g. AWS Bedrock's X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata header). Set true to suppress it.
+          example: false
+        created_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp when the provider was created.
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+        updated_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp when the provider was last updated.
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+      required:
+        - id
+        - provider_id
+        - name
+        - upstream_url
+        - models
+        - identity_header_user_id
+        - identity_header_groups
+        - enabled
+        - skip_tls_verification
+        - metadata_disabled
+        - created_at
+        - updated_at
+    AgentNetworkProviderRequest:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        provider_id:
+          type: string
+          description: Catalog identifier for the upstream AI provider (e.g. openai_api, anthropic_api, azure_openai_api, bedrock_api, vertex_ai_api, mistral_api, custom).
+          example: "openai_api"
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Display name for the provider.
+          example: "OpenAI API"
+        upstream_url:
+          type: string
+          description: Full upstream URL (with scheme) that NetBird forwards traffic to.
+          example: "https://api.openai.com"
+        api_key:
+          type: string
+          description: Upstream provider API key. Sealed at rest on the management server and never returned in responses. Required on create; optional on update (omit to keep the existing key).
+          example: "sk-..."
+        models:
+          type: array
+          description: Models exposed through this endpoint, with the operator's per-1k input/output prices. Empty means all catalog models are allowed at catalog prices.
+          items:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkProviderModel'
+        extra_values:
+          type: object
+          description: |
+            Operator-typed values for catalog-declared extra headers (see AgentNetworkProvider.extra_values). The request's map replaces the stored values; empty strings drop the corresponding key.
+          additionalProperties:
+            type: string
+          example:
+            x-portkey-config: "pc-prod-3f2a"
+        identity_header_user_id:
+          type: string
+          description: |
+            Wire header name for the caller's display identity. See AgentNetworkProvider.identity_header_user_id. Empty or omitted disables stamping for this dimension.
+          example: "x-bf-dim-netbird_user_id"
+        identity_header_groups:
+          type: string
+          description: |
+            Wire header name for the caller's groups CSV. See AgentNetworkProvider.identity_header_groups. Same semantics as `identity_header_user_id`.
+          example: "x-bf-dim-netbird_groups"
+        enabled:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the provider is enabled. Defaults to true on create.
+          example: true
+        skip_tls_verification:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Skip upstream TLS certificate verification when the proxy dials this provider's URL. For self-hosted / internal gateways behind a private or self-signed certificate. Defaults to false.
+          example: false
+        metadata_disabled:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Disable identity metadata injection (the caller's user + authorizing group) for this provider. Defaults to false (metadata is injected).
+          example: false
+      required:
+        - provider_id
+        - name
+        - upstream_url
+    AgentNetworkProviderModel:
+      type: object
+      description: A model exposed by the provider, with the operator's per-1k input/output prices in USD.
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Model identifier (e.g. "gpt-4o-mini").
+          example: "gpt-4o-mini"
+        input_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Cost per 1k input tokens, in USD.
+          example: 0.00015
+        output_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Cost per 1k output tokens, in USD.
+          example: 0.0006
+        cached_input_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: OpenAI-shape cache rate — cost per 1k cached prompt tokens (a subset of input tokens), in USD. Omitted means inherit NetBird's default rate for this model when one exists; 0 means no discount (cached tokens bill at input_per_1k).
+          example: 0.000075
+        cache_read_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Anthropic-shape cache rate — cost per 1k cache-read tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Omitted means inherit NetBird's default rate for this model when one exists; 0 means cache reads bill at input_per_1k.
+          example: 0.0003
+        cache_creation_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Anthropic-shape cache rate — cost per 1k cache-creation tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Omitted means inherit NetBird's default rate for this model when one exists; 0 means cache writes bill at input_per_1k.
+          example: 0.00375
+      required:
+        - id
+        - input_per_1k
+        - output_per_1k
+    AgentNetworkCatalogModel:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Catalog model identifier as exposed by the upstream provider.
+          example: "gpt-4o"
+        label:
+          type: string
+          description: Human-friendly model name for the dashboard.
+          example: "GPT-4o"
+        input_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Input token price per 1k tokens, in USD.
+          example: 0.005
+        output_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Output token price per 1k tokens, in USD.
+          example: 0.015
+        cached_input_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: OpenAI-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cached prompt tokens (a subset of input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cached-input discount.
+          example: 0.000075
+        cache_read_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Anthropic-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cache-read tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cache-read rate.
+          example: 0.0003
+        cache_creation_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Anthropic-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cache-creation tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cache-creation rate.
+          example: 0.00375
+        context_window:
+          type: integer
+          description: Maximum context window in tokens.
+          example: 128000
+      required:
+        - id
+        - label
+        - input_per_1k
+        - output_per_1k
+        - context_window
+    AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryRequest:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        catalog_provider_id:
+          type: string
+          description: Catalog provider to query (AgentNetworkCatalogProvider.id). Determines the listing endpoint, the auth header and the response shape.
+          example: "bedrock_api"
+        upstream_url:
+          type: string
+          description: |
+            The upstream being configured. Used to reach vendors that serve their listing from the same host as inference, and to read back the region for those whose host embeds one. Sent alongside provider_id, it overrides the stored upstream, so an edit can be listed against the URL on the form before it is saved.
+          example: "https://bedrock-runtime.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com"
+        api_key:
+          type: string
+          description: Credential to query the vendor with, for a provider that has not been saved yet. Mutually exclusive with provider_id.
+          example: "sk-..."
+        provider_id:
+          type: string
+          description: Existing Agent Network provider record to query with. Its stored credential is used, and its upstream unless upstream_url overrides it, so the form can refresh the list without the client holding the key.
+          example: "ch8i4ug6lnn4g9hqv7m0"
+      required:
+        - catalog_provider_id
+    AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryResponse:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        models:
+          type: array
+          description: Models the credential can reach, in the order the vendor returned them.
+          items:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkDiscoveredModel'
+      required:
+        - models
+    AgentNetworkDiscoveredModel:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: |
+            Identifier to register on the provider record, in the form the vendor issues it. For Bedrock this is the region-prefixed inference-profile id, which is the only form AWS accepts at invoke time.
+          example: "eu.anthropic.claude-haiku-4-5-20251001-v1:0"
+        label:
+          type: string
+          description: Vendor-supplied display name, where the vendor supplies one.
+          example: "EU Anthropic Claude Haiku 4.5"
+        pricing_known:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether NetBird's shipped pricing table can price this model. When false the rates below are all zero and the operator must set them, or requests to this model would record a cost of zero.
+          example: true
+        input_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Default input token price per 1k tokens, in USD, from the same table the proxy bills with. Zero when pricing_known is false.
+          example: 0.005
+        output_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Default output token price per 1k tokens, in USD. Zero when pricing_known is false.
+          example: 0.015
+        cached_input_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: OpenAI-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cached prompt tokens (a subset of input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cached-input discount.
+          example: 0.000075
+        cache_read_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Anthropic-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cache-read tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cache-read rate.
+          example: 0.0003
+        cache_creation_per_1k:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Anthropic-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cache-creation tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cache-creation rate.
+          example: 0.00375
+      required:
+        - id
+        - pricing_known
+        - input_per_1k
+        - output_per_1k
+    AgentNetworkCatalogProvider:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Catalog provider identifier (referenced by AgentNetworkProvider.provider_id).
+          example: "openai_api"
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Display name for the provider.
+          example: "OpenAI API"
+        description:
+          type: string
+          description: Short description shown in the provider picker.
+          example: "GPT, Responses API, and Embeddings"
+        default_host:
+          type: string
+          description: Default upstream host suggested when adding a provider of this type.
+          example: "api.openai.com"
+        auth_header_template:
+          type: string
+          description: Template the proxy uses to inject the API key (the literal string ${API_KEY} is replaced at request time).
+          example: "Bearer ${API_KEY}"
+        default_content_type:
+          type: string
+          description: Default Content-Type for upstream requests.
+          example: "application/json"
+        brand_color:
+          type: string
+          description: Hex brand color used to render the provider badge in the dashboard.
+          example: "#10A37F"
+        kind:
+          type: string
+          description: |
+            Presentation grouping for the provider Select on the dashboard.
+            "provider" — first-party vendor API (OpenAI, Anthropic, …); the upstream is the model itself.
+            "gateway" — routing/aggregation layer in front of multiple providers (LiteLLM, Portkey, …); typically pairs with NetBird identity stamping.
+            "custom" — generic OpenAI-compatible self-hosted endpoint catch-all.
+          enum: [provider, gateway, custom]
+          example: "provider"
+        extra_headers:
+          type: array
+          description: |
+            Catalog-declared list of optional per-provider routing/config headers the proxy stamps on every upstream request. Each entry surfaces an input on the dashboard's provider modal (one per item, labeled with `label`). Operators fill any subset; values land on the provider record's `extra_values` map keyed by `name`. Used by gateways like Portkey for `x-portkey-config: pc-...` (saved-config id resolving upstream provider + virtual key).
+          items:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkCatalogExtraHeader'
+        identity_injection:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkCatalogIdentityInjection'
+        pricing_surfaces:
+          type: array
+          description: |
+            Cost-meter pricing surfaces this provider's traffic is metered under ("openai", "anthropic", "bedrock"). Tells the dashboard which cache-rate fields apply to this provider's models: "openai" → cached_input_per_1k (cached prompt tokens are a subset of input); "anthropic"/"bedrock" → cache_read_per_1k + cache_creation_per_1k (additive buckets). Absent/empty for gateway and custom entries, whose upstream shape NetBird cannot know ahead of time — surface all cache fields for those.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: ["openai"]
+        models:
+          type: array
+          description: Catalog models available for this provider.
+          items:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkCatalogModel'
+      required:
+        - id
+        - name
+        - description
+        - default_host
+        - auth_header_template
+        - default_content_type
+        - brand_color
+        - kind
+        - models
+    AgentNetworkCatalogIdentityInjection:
+      type: object
+      description: |
+        Catalog-declared identity-injection shape. Present when this provider supports stamping the caller's NetBird identity onto upstream requests. Exactly one of `header_pair` or `json_metadata` is set per provider entry. The dashboard reads the `customizable` flag on whichever shape is present to decide whether to surface the labels as editable inputs (true → editable with the catalog values shown as placeholders; false → fixed and read-only).
+      properties:
+        header_pair:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkCatalogHeaderPairInjection'
+        json_metadata:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkCatalogJSONMetadataInjection'
+    AgentNetworkCatalogHeaderPairInjection:
+      type: object
+      description: HeaderPair identity-injection shape — separate per-dimension headers (LiteLLM-style, Bifrost).
+      properties:
+        customizable:
+          type: boolean
+          description: When true, the wire header names are operator-overridable per provider record (Bifrost). When false, the catalog values are authoritative (LiteLLM and similar gateways with a fixed wire protocol).
+          example: true
+        end_user_id_header:
+          type: string
+          description: Wire header name for the caller's display identity. Default placeholder when `customizable` is true.
+          example: "x-bf-dim-netbird_user_id"
+        tags_header:
+          type: string
+          description: Wire header name for the caller's groups CSV. Default placeholder when `customizable` is true.
+          example: "x-bf-dim-netbird_groups"
+      required:
+        - customizable
+        - end_user_id_header
+        - tags_header
+    AgentNetworkCatalogJSONMetadataInjection:
+      type: object
+      description: JSONMetadata identity-injection shape — one wire header carrying a JSON object whose keys label each dimension (Portkey-style, Cloudflare AI Gateway).
+      properties:
+        customizable:
+          type: boolean
+          description: When true, the JSON keys are operator-overridable per provider record (Cloudflare). The wire header itself stays catalog-owned. When false, the catalog values are authoritative (Portkey and similar gateways with a fixed JSON schema).
+          example: true
+        header:
+          type: string
+          description: Wire header name carrying the JSON metadata payload. Catalog-owned (not customizable per provider record).
+          example: "cf-aig-metadata"
+        user_key:
+          type: string
+          description: JSON key for the caller's display identity. Default placeholder when `customizable` is true.
+          example: "netbird_user_id"
+        groups_key:
+          type: string
+          description: JSON key for the caller's groups CSV. Default placeholder when `customizable` is true.
+          example: "netbird_groups"
+      required:
+        - customizable
+        - header
+        - user_key
+        - groups_key
+    AgentNetworkCatalogExtraHeader:
+      type: object
+      description: One optional per-provider routing/config header surfaced on the dashboard. Operator-typed value lives on the provider record's `extra_values` map keyed by `name`. UI copy (input label, helper line, tooltip) is owned by the dashboard, keyed by `name`.
+      properties:
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Wire header name the proxy stamps with the operator-typed value.
+          example: "x-portkey-config"
+      required:
+        - name
+    AgentNetworkPolicy:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Policy ID
+          example: "ainpol_d1m3kebd9pcs0c1pnu7g"
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Display name for the policy.
+          example: "Engineering → OpenAI"
+        description:
+          type: string
+          description: Optional human-readable description.
+          example: "Engineers can call OpenAI under production guardrails."
+        enabled:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the policy is enabled.
+          example: true
+        source_groups:
+          type: array
+          description: NetBird group ids whose members are allowed to call the destination providers.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: ["ch8vp3o6lnna9hg0sd8g"]
+        destination_provider_ids:
+          type: array
+          description: Agent Network provider ids (returned by the providers API) the source groups can reach.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: ["ainp_d1m3kebd9pcs0c1pnu7g"]
+        guardrail_ids:
+          type: array
+          description: Agent Network guardrail ids attached to this policy.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: []
+        limits:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicyLimits'
+        created_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp when the policy was created.
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+        updated_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp when the policy was last updated.
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+      required:
+        - id
+        - name
+        - description
+        - enabled
+        - source_groups
+        - destination_provider_ids
+        - guardrail_ids
+        - limits
+        - created_at
+        - updated_at
+    AgentNetworkPolicyRequest:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Display name for the policy.
+          example: "Engineering → OpenAI"
+        description:
+          type: string
+          description: Optional human-readable description.
+          example: "Engineers can call OpenAI under production guardrails."
+        enabled:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the policy is enabled. Defaults to true on create.
+          example: true
+        source_groups:
+          type: array
+          description: NetBird group ids whose members are allowed to call the destination providers.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          minItems: 1
+          example: ["ch8vp3o6lnna9hg0sd8g"]
+        destination_provider_ids:
+          type: array
+          description: Agent Network provider ids the source groups can reach.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          minItems: 1
+          example: ["ainp_d1m3kebd9pcs0c1pnu7g"]
+        guardrail_ids:
+          type: array
+          description: Agent Network guardrail ids to attach to this policy.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: []
+        limits:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicyLimits'
+      required:
+        - name
+        - source_groups
+        - destination_provider_ids
+    AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit:
+      type: object
+      description: Per-policy token cap. `group_cap` is applied to each source group independently — every group in the policy's `source_groups` gets its own bucket of this size. `user_cap` is applied independently to each individual user. Caps reset to zero at the start of each window.
+      properties:
+        enabled:
+          type: boolean
+          example: true
+        group_cap:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          minimum: 0
+          description: Tokens allowed per source group within the window (each group has its own bucket of this size). 0 means uncapped.
+          example: 10000000
+        user_cap:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          minimum: 0
+          description: Tokens allowed per individual user within the window. 0 means uncapped.
+          example: 1000000
+        window_seconds:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          minimum: 60
+          description: Reset frequency in seconds. The cap counter resets to zero at the start of each window. Minimum 60 (one minute) when the limit is enabled.
+          example: 2592000
+      required:
+        - enabled
+        - group_cap
+        - user_cap
+        - window_seconds
+    AgentNetworkPolicyBudgetLimit:
+      type: object
+      description: Per-policy USD spend cap. `group_cap_usd` is applied to each source group independently — every group in the policy's `source_groups` gets its own bucket of this size. `user_cap_usd` is applied independently to each individual user. Caps reset to zero at the start of each window.
+      properties:
+        enabled:
+          type: boolean
+          example: true
+        group_cap_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          minimum: 0
+          description: USD allowed per source group within the window (each group has its own bucket of this size). 0 means uncapped.
+          example: 1000
+        user_cap_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          minimum: 0
+          description: USD allowed per individual user within the window. 0 means uncapped.
+          example: 100
+        window_seconds:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          minimum: 60
+          description: Reset frequency in seconds. Caps reset at the start of each window. Minimum 60 (one minute) when the limit is enabled.
+          example: 2592000
+      required:
+        - enabled
+        - group_cap_usd
+        - user_cap_usd
+        - window_seconds
+    AgentNetworkPolicyLimits:
+      type: object
+      description: Token and budget caps attached directly to the policy. These compose with any guardrail-level checks.
+      properties:
+        token_limit:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit'
+        budget_limit:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicyBudgetLimit'
+      required:
+        - token_limit
+        - budget_limit
+    AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks:
+      type: object
+      description: Guardrail check parameters. Each entry has an `enabled` flag plus per-check configuration; disabled entries are inert.
+      properties:
+        model_allowlist:
+          type: object
+          properties:
+            enabled:
+              type: boolean
+              example: true
+            models:
+              type: array
+              description: Allowed catalog model ids. Requests for any other model are denied.
+              items:
+                type: string
+              example: ["gpt-4o-mini", "claude-haiku-4-5"]
+          required:
+            - enabled
+            - models
+        prompt_capture:
+          type: object
+          properties:
+            enabled:
+              type: boolean
+              example: true
+            redact_pii:
+              type: boolean
+              example: true
+          required:
+            - enabled
+            - redact_pii
+      required:
+        - model_allowlist
+        - prompt_capture
+    AgentNetworkGuardrail:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Guardrail ID
+          example: "ainguard_d1m3kebd9pcs0c1pnu7g"
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Display name for the guardrail.
+          example: "Strict — Production"
+        description:
+          type: string
+          description: Optional human-readable description.
+          example: "Tight model allowlist, PII redaction, hard monthly budget."
+        checks:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks'
+        created_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp when the guardrail was created.
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+        updated_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp when the guardrail was last updated.
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+      required:
+        - id
+        - name
+        - description
+        - checks
+        - created_at
+        - updated_at
+    AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Display name for the guardrail.
+          example: "Strict — Production"
+        description:
+          type: string
+          description: Optional human-readable description.
+          example: "Tight model allowlist, PII redaction, hard monthly budget."
+        checks:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks'
+      required:
+        - name
+        - checks
+    AgentNetworkAgentConfig:
+      type: object
+      description: The caller-scoped Agent Network connection config backing the self-service "Connect your agent" view. Available to every authenticated user; the providers are computed from the caller's own groups and the answer carries display metadata only.
+      properties:
+        configured:
+          type: boolean
+          description: False only when the account has no Agent Network set up. A caller that no policy covers yet still reads as configured, with an empty providers list.
+        endpoint:
+          type: string
+          description: The account's Agent Network base URL, reachable over the NetBird tunnel only. Returned to every member of a configured account - it authorizes nothing on its own, since the gateway still refuses every request no policy permits. Empty when configured is false.
+          example: https://calm-otter.proxy.example.com
+        providers:
+          type: array
+          description: The providers at least one of the caller's policies authorizes, in creation order. Empty when no policy covers the caller.
+          items:
+            $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkAgentConfigProvider'
+      required:
+        - configured
+        - endpoint
+        - providers
+    AgentNetworkAgentConfigProvider:
+      type: object
+      description: One provider the caller may use, reduced to what a local tool needs for configuration.
+      properties:
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Operator-assigned provider label.
+          example: Bedrock prod
+        catalog_id:
+          type: string
+          description: Catalog entry id naming the provider type.
+          example: bedrock_api
+        api_flavor:
+          type: string
+          description: Request-body shape the provider speaks ("anthropic", "openai"). Empty when the gateway dispatches it by URL path instead.
+          example: anthropic
+        all_models_allowed:
+          type: boolean
+          description: True when no model allowlist restricts this provider for the caller; models then lists the declared or catalog models as a courtesy.
+        models:
+          type: array
+          description: The effective model allowlist for the caller (or the declared/catalog models when all_models_allowed is true).
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: [ "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5" ]
+      required:
+        - name
+        - catalog_id
+        - api_flavor
+        - all_models_allowed
+        - models
+    AgentNetworkConsumption:
+      type: object
+      description: One per-(dimension, window) consumption counter row. The proxy ticks one row per dimension on every served LLM request; the dashboard reads this listing to surface live counter growth.
+      properties:
+        dimension_kind:
+          type: string
+          enum: [user, group]
+          description: Whether this row counts a single end user or a single source group across every member.
+        dimension_id:
+          type: string
+          description: NetBird user id (when `dimension_kind=user`) or NetBird group id (when `dimension_kind=group`).
+          example: "grp-engineers"
+        window_seconds:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Length of the aligned window this counter covers, in seconds. Distinct window lengths produce independent counters even on the same dimension.
+          example: 86400
+        window_start_utc:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: UTC start of the aligned window this counter covers. Aligned to the unix epoch so every node computes the same boundary.
+          example: "2026-05-05T12:00:00Z"
+        tokens_input:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total input tokens consumed within the window.
+          example: 12000
+        tokens_output:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total output tokens consumed within the window.
+          example: 6500
+        cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total USD spend booked against this dimension for the window.
+          example: 0.4231
+        updated_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp of the last increment recorded for this row.
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-05-05T12:34:56Z"
+      required:
+        - dimension_kind
+        - dimension_id
+        - window_seconds
+        - window_start_utc
+        - tokens_input
+        - tokens_output
+        - cost_usd
+    AgentNetworkAccessLog:
+      type: object
+      description: One per-request agent-network (LLM) access log entry with flattened, queryable LLM dimensions.
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Unique identifier for the access log entry.
+          example: "ch8i4ug6lnn4g9hqv7m0"
+        service_id:
+          type: string
+          description: ID of the synthesised agent-network service that handled the request.
+        timestamp:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp when the request was made.
+          example: "2026-05-05T12:34:56Z"
+        status_code:
+          type: integer
+          description: HTTP status code returned upstream.
+          example: 200
+        duration_ms:
+          type: integer
+          description: Duration of the request in milliseconds.
+          example: 850
+        user_id:
+          type: string
+          description: NetBird user id of the authenticated caller, if applicable.
+        source_ip:
+          type: string
+          description: Source IP of the request. Empty when log collection is disabled.
+        method:
+          type: string
+          description: HTTP method of the request.
+          example: "POST"
+        host:
+          type: string
+          description: Upstream host the request was routed to. Empty when log collection is disabled.
+        path:
+          type: string
+          description: Request path. Empty when log collection is disabled.
+        provider:
+          type: string
+          description: LLM provider vendor (e.g. openai, anthropic).
+          example: "openai"
+        model:
+          type: string
+          description: Requested LLM model.
+          example: "gpt-4o"
+        session_id:
+          type: string
+          description: Conversation / coding-session identifier that groups related requests. Sourced from the client's session marker (e.g. OpenAI Codex client_metadata.session_id, Claude Code metadata.user_id). Empty for clients that send none.
+          example: "019eeb72-ab7c-7cd2-aa05-6e8eb834afcb"
+        resolved_provider_id:
+          type: string
+          description: NetBird agent-network provider id that served the request.
+        selected_policy_id:
+          type: string
+          description: Agent-network policy id that authorised (or denied) the request.
+        decision:
+          type: string
+          description: Policy decision for the request (e.g. allow, deny).
+          example: "allow"
+        deny_reason:
+          type: string
+          description: Raw deny reason code when the request was blocked (e.g. llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded).
+        input_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Input (prompt) tokens consumed.
+          example: 1200
+        output_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Output (completion) tokens produced.
+          example: 640
+        total_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total tokens consumed, including prompt-cache tokens.
+          example: 1840
+        cached_input_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Input tokens read from the provider's prompt cache. Additive to input_tokens for Anthropic-shape providers; a subset of input_tokens for OpenAI.
+          example: 0
+        cache_creation_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Input tokens written to the provider's prompt cache. Zero for providers without a cache-write bucket.
+          example: 30528
+        cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Estimated USD cost of the request.
+          example: 0.0231
+        input_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Cost of the non-cached input tokens. Base component of cost_usd.
+          example: 0.0048
+        cached_input_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Cost of the prompt-cache read tokens. Base component of cost_usd, and part of cache_cost_usd.
+          example: 0.0015
+        cache_creation_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Cost of the prompt-cache write tokens. Base component of cost_usd, and part of cache_cost_usd.
+          example: 0.1130
+        output_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Cost of the output tokens. Base component of cost_usd.
+          example: 0.0038
+        cache_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Portion of cost_usd billed for prompt-cache usage.
+          example: 0.1145
+        stream:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the request was a streaming completion.
+        group_ids:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+          description: NetBird group ids that authorised the request (the caller's groups intersected with the policy's source groups).
+        request_prompt:
+          type: string
+          description: Captured request prompt. Present only when prompt collection is enabled.
+        response_completion:
+          type: string
+          description: Captured response completion. Present only when prompt collection is enabled.
+      required:
+        - id
+        - service_id
+        - timestamp
+        - status_code
+        - duration_ms
+        - input_tokens
+        - output_tokens
+        - total_tokens
+        - cached_input_tokens
+        - cache_creation_tokens
+        - input_cost_usd
+        - cached_input_cost_usd
+        - cache_creation_cost_usd
+        - output_cost_usd
+        - cost_usd
+        - cache_cost_usd
+    AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        data:
+          type: array
+          description: List of agent-network access log entries.
+          items:
+            $ref: "#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkAccessLog"
+        page:
+          type: integer
+          description: Current page number.
+          example: 1
+        page_size:
+          type: integer
+          description: Number of items per page.
+          example: 50
+        total_records:
+          type: integer
+          description: Total number of log records matching the filter.
+          example: 523
+        total_pages:
+          type: integer
+          description: Total number of pages available.
+          example: 11
+      required:
+        - data
+        - page
+        - page_size
+        - total_records
+        - total_pages
+    AgentNetworkAccessLogSession:
+      type: object
+      description: A session-grouped view of agent-network access logs — all requests sharing a session id (or a single session-less request) folded into one summary plus its ordered entries.
+      properties:
+        session_id:
+          type: string
+          description: Conversation / coding-session identifier shared by the entries. Empty for a session-less (singleton) request grouped on its own id.
+          example: "019eeb72-ab7c-7cd2-aa05-6e8eb834afcb"
+        user_id:
+          type: string
+          description: NetBird user id of the session's caller.
+        group_ids:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+          description: Union of the authorising group ids across the session's entries.
+        started_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp of the session's earliest request.
+          example: "2026-05-05T12:30:00Z"
+        ended_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp of the session's latest request.
+          example: "2026-05-05T12:34:56Z"
+        request_count:
+          type: integer
+          description: Number of requests in the session.
+          example: 7
+        input_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total input (prompt) tokens across the session.
+          example: 8400
+        output_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total output (completion) tokens across the session.
+          example: 4480
+        total_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total tokens across the session, including prompt-cache tokens.
+          example: 12880
+        cached_input_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total prompt-cache read tokens across the session.
+          example: 0
+        cache_creation_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total prompt-cache write tokens across the session.
+          example: 30528
+        cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total estimated USD cost across the session.
+          example: 0.1617
+        input_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total cost of non-cached input tokens across the session.
+          example: 0.0210
+        cached_input_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total cost of prompt-cache read tokens across the session.
+          example: 0.0015
+        cache_creation_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total cost of prompt-cache write tokens across the session.
+          example: 0.1130
+        output_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total cost of output tokens across the session.
+          example: 0.0262
+        cache_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Portion of cost_usd billed for prompt-cache usage across the session.
+          example: 0.1145
+        providers:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+          description: Distinct LLM provider vendors seen in the session.
+        models:
+          type: array
+          items:
+            type: string
+          description: Distinct models seen in the session.
+        decision:
+          type: string
+          description: Session decision — "deny" if any request was denied, otherwise "allow".
+          example: "allow"
+        entries:
+          type: array
+          description: The session's access-log entries, oldest first.
+          items:
+            $ref: "#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkAccessLog"
+      required:
+        - started_at
+        - ended_at
+        - request_count
+        - input_tokens
+        - output_tokens
+        - total_tokens
+        - cached_input_tokens
+        - cache_creation_tokens
+        - input_cost_usd
+        - cached_input_cost_usd
+        - cache_creation_cost_usd
+        - output_cost_usd
+        - cost_usd
+        - cache_cost_usd
+        - decision
+        - entries
+    AgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsResponse:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        data:
+          type: array
+          description: List of session-grouped agent-network access logs.
+          items:
+            $ref: "#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkAccessLogSession"
+        page:
+          type: integer
+          description: Current page number.
+          example: 1
+        page_size:
+          type: integer
+          description: Number of sessions per page.
+          example: 50
+        total_records:
+          type: integer
+          description: Total number of sessions matching the filter.
+          example: 124
+        total_pages:
+          type: integer
+          description: Total number of pages available.
+          example: 3
+      required:
+        - data
+        - page
+        - page_size
+        - total_records
+        - total_pages
+    AgentNetworkUsageBucket:
+      type: object
+      description: One aggregated agent-network usage time bucket (UTC). The bucket width is set by the request's granularity.
+      properties:
+        period_start:
+          type: string
+          description: Start of the bucket in YYYY-MM-DD (UTC) — the day, the week start (Monday), or the month start, depending on granularity.
+          example: "2026-05-05"
+        input_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total input (prompt) tokens in the bucket.
+          example: 120000
+        output_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total output (completion) tokens in the bucket.
+          example: 64000
+        total_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total tokens in the bucket, including prompt-cache tokens.
+          example: 184000
+        cached_input_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total prompt-cache read tokens in the bucket.
+          example: 20000
+        cache_creation_tokens:
+          type: integer
+          format: int64
+          description: Total prompt-cache write tokens in the bucket.
+          example: 45000
+        input_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total cost of non-cached input tokens in the bucket.
+          example: 1.12
+        cached_input_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total cost of prompt-cache read tokens in the bucket.
+          example: 0.06
+        cache_creation_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total cost of prompt-cache write tokens in the bucket.
+          example: 0.36
+        output_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total cost of output tokens in the bucket.
+          example: 0.77
+        cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Total estimated USD spend in the bucket.
+          example: 2.31
+        cache_cost_usd:
+          type: number
+          format: double
+          description: Portion of cost_usd billed for prompt-cache usage in the bucket.
+          example: 0.42
+      required:
+        - period_start
+        - input_tokens
+        - output_tokens
+        - total_tokens
+        - cached_input_tokens
+        - cache_creation_tokens
+        - input_cost_usd
+        - cached_input_cost_usd
+        - cache_creation_cost_usd
+        - output_cost_usd
+        - cost_usd
+        - cache_cost_usd
+    AgentNetworkSettings:
+      type: object
+      description: Per-account Agent Network gateway settings. One row per account; endpoint and proxy_address are assigned at bootstrap (POST) and immutable thereafter. Before bootstrap the account reads as the default values with empty endpoint and proxy_address.
+      properties:
+        endpoint:
+          type: string
+          description: Bare hostname agents call for this account. Empty until the account is bootstrapped.
+          example: "brave-otter.eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+        proxy_address:
+          type: string
+          description: Declared cluster address of the proxy serving this account's gateway. Equal to `endpoint` when a dedicated proxy serves the account; otherwise the endpoint's immediate parent (a shared cluster the endpoint hangs one label beneath). Empty until the account is bootstrapped.
+          example: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+        dedicated:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the account's gateway is served by a proxy dedicated to it (endpoint equals proxy_address).
+          example: false
+        enable_log_collection:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether per-request access-log entries are collected for this account's agent-network traffic.
+          example: false
+        enable_prompt_collection:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Master switch for request/response prompt capture. Capture runs only when this is on AND a policy guardrail also enables it.
+          example: false
+        redact_pii:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether captured prompts have PII redacted. Effective redaction is the OR of this and any policy guardrail's redact setting.
+          example: false
+        access_log_retention_days:
+          type: integer
+          description: Days to retain full access-log rows; older rows are swept. 0 or less means keep indefinitely. Usage records are retained independently.
+          example: 30
+        created_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp when the settings row was created. Absent until the account is bootstrapped.
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+        updated_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          description: Timestamp when the settings row was last updated. Absent until the account is bootstrapped.
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+      required:
+        - endpoint
+        - proxy_address
+        - dedicated
+        - enable_log_collection
+        - enable_prompt_collection
+        - redact_pii
+    AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest:
+      type: object
+      description: Bootstraps the per-account Agent Network settings row, assigning the account's immutable endpoint. Exactly one of `proxy_address` and `endpoint` must be provided. `proxy_address` requests a labeled endpoint — the server allocates a label and the endpoint becomes `<label>.<proxy_address>`, served by whichever proxy declares that parent address. `endpoint` claims the given hostname itself as a self-addressed (dedicated) endpoint, served only by a proxy declaring exactly that address — the claim is legitimate before the proxy exists (address-first). Collection toggles may ride along; omitted toggles take their defaults.
+      properties:
+        proxy_address:
+          type: string
+          description: Cluster address to allocate a labeled endpoint beneath. Mutually exclusive with `endpoint`.
+          example: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+        endpoint:
+          type: string
+          description: Hostname to claim as the account's self-addressed (dedicated) endpoint. Mutually exclusive with `proxy_address`. Rejected when another account already holds it.
+          example: "brave-otter.gateway.example.com"
+        enable_log_collection:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether per-request access-log entries are collected for this account's agent-network traffic. Defaults to true.
+          example: true
+        enable_prompt_collection:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Master switch for request/response prompt capture. Defaults to false.
+          example: false
+        redact_pii:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether captured prompts have PII redacted. Defaults to false.
+          example: false
+        access_log_retention_days:
+          type: integer
+          description: Days to retain full access-log rows; older rows are swept. 0 or less means keep indefinitely. Defaults to 30.
+          example: 30
+    AgentNetworkSettingsRequest:
+      type: object
+      description: Account-level Agent Network settings update. Every field is required, matching the PUT convention of the other endpoints. The endpoint and proxy address are assigned at bootstrap (POST) and are immutable — the request must carry them unchanged, and a request carrying different values is rejected. To change them, delete the settings (DELETE, guarded) and bootstrap again; re-creating allocates a new endpoint.
+      properties:
+        endpoint:
+          type: string
+          description: The account's gateway endpoint hostname. Immutable — must match the assigned value; a different value is rejected.
+          example: "brave-otter.eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+        proxy_address:
+          type: string
+          description: Declared cluster address of the proxy serving this account's gateway. Immutable — must match the assigned value; a different value is rejected.
+          example: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"
+        enable_log_collection:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether per-request access-log entries are collected for this account's agent-network traffic.
+          example: true
+        enable_prompt_collection:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Master switch for request/response prompt capture.
+          example: true
+        redact_pii:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether captured prompts have PII redacted.
+          example: true
+        access_log_retention_days:
+          type: integer
+          description: Days to retain full access-log rows; older rows are swept. 0 or less means keep indefinitely.
+          example: 30
+      required:
+        - endpoint
+        - proxy_address
+        - enable_log_collection
+        - enable_prompt_collection
+        - redact_pii
+        - access_log_retention_days
+    AgentNetworkManagedProxy:
+      type: object
+      description: A NetBird-managed Agent Network gateway deployment.
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Managed proxy deployment ID.
+          example: "d1m3kebd9pcs0c1pnu7g"
+        state:
+          type: string
+          description: Derived deployment state. `provisioning` until the gateway is rolled out and connected, `ready` while the gateway actively serves the endpoint, `failed` when the rollout reported a failure.
+          enum: [ "provisioning", "ready", "failed" ]
+          example: "ready"
+        endpoint:
+          type: string
+          description: The account's gateway hostname.
+          example: "brave-otter.gateway.netbird.io"
+        region:
+          type: string
+          description: Region of the cluster hosting the deployment.
+          example: "us-east"
+        message:
+          type: string
+          description: Failure detail reported by the rollout. Only set when state is `failed`.
+      required:
+        - id
+        - state
+        - endpoint
+    AgentNetworkManagedProxyConflict:
+      type: object
+      description: Conflict body returned when the account already has an Agent Network endpoint that managed provisioning does not own, naming that endpoint.
+      properties:
+        endpoint:
+          type: string
+          description: The Agent Network endpoint already assigned to the account.
+          example: "llm.example.com"
+      required:
+        - endpoint
+    AgentNetworkBudgetRule:
+      type: object
+      description: Account-level budget rule. A limit-only rule bound to groups and/or users that applies across all policies as a min-wins ceiling. Empty targets means it applies to every caller.
+      properties:
+        id:
+          type: string
+          description: Budget rule ID.
+          example: "ainbud_d1m3kebd9pcs0c1pnu7g"
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Display name for the budget rule.
+          example: "Org monthly ceiling"
+        enabled:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the rule is enforced.
+          example: true
+        target_groups:
+          type: array
+          description: NetBird group ids the rule binds. Empty plus empty target_users means account-wide.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: ["ch8vp3o6lnna9hg0sd8g"]
+        target_users:
+          type: array
+          description: NetBird user ids the rule binds directly.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: []
+        limits:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicyLimits'
+        created_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+        updated_at:
+          type: string
+          format: date-time
+          readOnly: true
+          example: "2026-04-26T10:30:00Z"
+      required:
+        - id
+        - name
+        - enabled
+        - target_groups
+        - target_users
+        - limits
+        - created_at
+        - updated_at
+    AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest:
+      type: object
+      properties:
+        name:
+          type: string
+          description: Display name for the budget rule.
+          example: "Org monthly ceiling"
+        enabled:
+          type: boolean
+          description: Whether the rule is enforced. Defaults to true on create.
+          example: true
+        target_groups:
+          type: array
+          description: NetBird group ids the rule binds. Empty plus empty target_users means account-wide.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: ["ch8vp3o6lnna9hg0sd8g"]
+        target_users:
+          type: array
+          description: NetBird user ids the rule binds directly.
+          items:
+            type: string
+          example: []
+        limits:
+          $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicyLimits'
+      required:
+        - name
+        - limits
   responses:
     not_found:
       description: Resource not found
+      headers:
+        X-Request-Id:
+          $ref: '#/components/headers/X-Request-Id'
       content: { }
     validation_failed_simple:
       description: Validation failed
+      headers:
+        X-Request-Id:
+          $ref: '#/components/headers/X-Request-Id'
       content: { }
     bad_request:
       description: Bad Request
+      headers:
+        X-Request-Id:
+          $ref: '#/components/headers/X-Request-Id'
       content: { }
     internal_error:
       description: Internal Server Error
+      headers:
+        X-Request-Id:
+          $ref: '#/components/headers/X-Request-Id'
       content: { }
     validation_failed:
       description: Validation failed
+      headers:
+        X-Request-Id:
+          $ref: '#/components/headers/X-Request-Id'
       content: { }
     forbidden:
       description: Forbidden
+      headers:
+        X-Request-Id:
+          $ref: '#/components/headers/X-Request-Id'
       content: { }
     requires_authentication:
       description: Requires authentication
+      headers:
+        X-Request-Id:
+          $ref: '#/components/headers/X-Request-Id'
       content: { }
     conflict:
       description: Conflict
+      headers:
+        X-Request-Id:
+          $ref: '#/components/headers/X-Request-Id'
       content:
         application/json:
           schema:
             $ref: '#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse'
+  headers:
+    X-Request-Id:
+      description: |
+        Unique identifier assigned to the request by the server and set on every
+        response. Useful for correlating client requests with server-side logs.
+      schema:
+        type: string
+        example: cot7r4n3l3vh3qj4qveg
   securitySchemes:
     BearerAuth:
       type: http
@@ -4979,7 +6672,10 @@ paths:
   /api/setup:
     post:
       summary: Setup Instance
-      description: Creates the initial admin user for the instance. This endpoint does not require authentication but only works when setup is required (no accounts exist and embedded IDP is enabled).
+      description: |
+        Creates the initial admin user for the instance. This endpoint does not require authentication but only works when setup is required (no accounts exist and embedded IDP is enabled).
+
+        When the management server is started with `NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED=true` and the request includes `create_pat: true`, the endpoint also provisions the NetBird account for the new owner user and returns the plain text Personal Access Token in `personal_access_token`. The optional `pat_expire_in` value applies only when `create_pat` is true and defaults to 1 day when omitted. If a post-user step fails, setup-created resources are rolled back when safe; if account cleanup fails, the owner user is left in place to avoid leaving an account without its admin user.
       tags: [ Instance ]
       security: [ ]
       requestBody:
@@ -4992,6 +6688,12 @@ paths:
       responses:
         '200':
           description: Setup completed successfully
+          headers:
+            Cache-Control:
+              description: Always set to no-store because the response may contain a one-time plain text Personal Access Token.
+              schema:
+                type: string
+                example: no-store
           content:
             application/json:
               schema:
@@ -8026,6 +9728,18 @@ paths:
           required: false
           schema:
             type: string
+        - name: source_id
+          in: query
+          description: Filter by source endpoint ID
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: string
+        - name: destination_id
+          in: query
+          description: Filter by destination endpoint ID
+          required: false
+          schema:
+            type: string
         - name: protocol
           in: query
           description: Filter by protocol
@@ -9177,7 +10891,7 @@ paths:
         - EDR Intune Integrations
       summary: Delete EDR Intune Integration
       description: Deletes an EDR Intune Integration by its ID.
-      operationId: deleteIntegration
+      operationId: deleteEDRIntuneIntegration
       responses:
         '200':
           description: Integration deleted successfully. Returns an empty object.
@@ -11261,7 +12975,7 @@ paths:
         - Event Streaming Integrations
       summary: Delete Event Streaming Integration
       description: Deletes an event streaming integration by its ID.
-      operationId: deleteIntegration
+      operationId: deleteEventStreamingIntegration
       responses:
         '200':
           description: Integration deleted successfully. Returns an empty object.
@@ -11317,6 +13031,111 @@ paths:
           "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
         '500':
           "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/reverse-proxies/clusters/{clusterAddress}:
+    delete:
+      summary: Delete a self-hosted proxy cluster
+      description: Removes all self-hosted (BYOP) proxy registrations for the given cluster address owned by the account.
+      tags: [ Services ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: clusterAddress
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The address of the proxy cluster
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Proxy cluster deleted successfully
+          content: { }
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens:
+    get:
+      summary: List Proxy Tokens
+      description: Returns all proxy access tokens for the account
+      tags: [ Self-Hosted Proxies ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: A JSON Array of proxy tokens
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/ProxyToken'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    post:
+      summary: Create a Proxy Token
+      description: Generate an account-scoped proxy access token for self-hosted proxy registration
+      tags: [ Self-Hosted Proxies ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      requestBody:
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/ProxyTokenRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Proxy token created (plain token shown once)
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/ProxyTokenCreated'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/reverse-proxies/proxy-tokens/{tokenId}:
+    delete:
+      summary: Revoke a Proxy Token
+      description: Revoke an account-scoped proxy access token
+      tags: [ Self-Hosted Proxies ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: tokenId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of the proxy token
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Token revoked
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
   /api/reverse-proxies/services:
     get:
       summary: List all Services
@@ -11750,3 +13569,1200 @@ paths:
           "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
         '500':
           "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/integrations/agent-network/managed-proxy:
+    post:
+      summary: Provision a managed Agent Network gateway
+      description: Starts provisioning of a NetBird-managed Agent Network gateway for the account, allocating its endpoint under the managed zone on the first call. Idempotent — answers 202 when this call started (or, after a failure, restarted) provisioning and 200 when a deployment already exists, reporting current state either way. Returns 409 when the account already has an Agent Network endpoint that managed provisioning does not own, and 503 when endpoint allocation is temporarily exhausted.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: A managed gateway deployment already exists; reports its current state.
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkManagedProxy'
+        '202':
+          description: Provisioning started, or restarted after a reported failure
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkManagedProxy'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '409':
+          description: The account already has an Agent Network endpoint not owned by managed provisioning
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkManagedProxyConflict'
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+        '503':
+          description: Endpoint allocation is temporarily exhausted; retry later
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/ErrorResponse'
+    get:
+      summary: Retrieve managed Agent Network gateway status
+      description: Reports the account's managed gateway deployment and its derived state. Returns 404 when the account has no managed deployment.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: The account's managed gateway deployment
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkManagedProxy'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/access-logs:
+    get:
+      summary: List Agent Network access logs
+      description: Returns a paginated, server-side-filtered list of agent-network (LLM) access log entries. Available only when the account has log collection enabled; otherwise entries are not retained. Callers without the account-wide grant are not denied - the response is scoped to their own requests (any user_id or group_id filter is overridden).
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: query
+          name: page
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+            default: 1
+            minimum: 1
+          description: Page number for pagination (1-indexed).
+        - in: query
+          name: page_size
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+            default: 50
+            minimum: 1
+            maximum: 100
+          description: Number of items per page (max 100).
+        - in: query
+          name: sort_by
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            enum: [timestamp, model, provider, status_code, duration, cost_usd, total_tokens, user_id, decision]
+            default: timestamp
+          description: Field to sort by.
+        - in: query
+          name: sort_order
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            enum: [asc, desc]
+            default: desc
+          description: Sort order (ascending or descending).
+        - in: query
+          name: search
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: General search across log ID, host, path, model, and user email/name.
+        - in: query
+          name: user_id
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter by authenticated user ID.
+        - in: query
+          name: session_id
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter to a single conversation / coding session id (groups all requests of one session).
+        - in: query
+          name: group_id
+          schema:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          style: form
+          explode: true
+          description: Filter by authorising group id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+        - in: query
+          name: provider_id
+          schema:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          style: form
+          explode: true
+          description: Filter by resolved provider id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+        - in: query
+          name: model
+          schema:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          style: form
+          explode: true
+          description: Filter by model. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+        - in: query
+          name: decision
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter by policy decision (e.g. allow, deny).
+        - in: query
+          name: path
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter by request path prefix (matches entries whose path starts with this value).
+        - in: query
+          name: start_date
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            format: date-time
+          description: Filter by timestamp >= start_date (RFC3339 format).
+        - in: query
+          name: end_date
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            format: date-time
+          description: Filter by timestamp <= end_date (RFC3339 format).
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Paginated list of agent-network access logs
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: "#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/access-log-sessions:
+    get:
+      summary: List Agent Network access logs grouped by session
+      description: Returns a paginated, server-side-filtered list of agent-network (LLM) access logs grouped by session. The page unit is a session (total_records counts sessions); each session carries an aggregate summary and its ordered entries. Requests the client sent no session id for each form their own singleton group. Accepts the same filters as the flat access-logs endpoint. Available only when the account has log collection enabled. Callers without the account-wide grant are not denied - the response is scoped to their own requests (any user_id or group_id filter is overridden).
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: query
+          name: page
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+            default: 1
+            minimum: 1
+          description: Page number for pagination (1-indexed).
+        - in: query
+          name: page_size
+          schema:
+            type: integer
+            default: 50
+            minimum: 1
+            maximum: 100
+          description: Number of sessions per page (max 100).
+        - in: query
+          name: sort_by
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            enum: [timestamp, started_at, cost_usd, total_tokens, duration, request_count, status_code, user_id, decision]
+            default: timestamp
+          description: Session-level field to sort by. "timestamp" is the session's last activity, "started_at" its first.
+        - in: query
+          name: sort_order
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            enum: [asc, desc]
+            default: desc
+          description: Sort order (ascending or descending).
+        - in: query
+          name: search
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: General search across log ID, host, path, model, and user email/name.
+        - in: query
+          name: user_id
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter by authenticated user ID.
+        - in: query
+          name: session_id
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter to a single conversation / coding session id.
+        - in: query
+          name: group_id
+          schema:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          style: form
+          explode: true
+          description: Filter by authorising group id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+        - in: query
+          name: provider_id
+          schema:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          style: form
+          explode: true
+          description: Filter by resolved provider id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+        - in: query
+          name: model
+          schema:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          style: form
+          explode: true
+          description: Filter by model. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+        - in: query
+          name: decision
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter by policy decision (e.g. allow, deny).
+        - in: query
+          name: path
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter by request path prefix (matches entries whose path starts with this value).
+        - in: query
+          name: start_date
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            format: date-time
+          description: Filter by timestamp >= start_date (RFC3339 format).
+        - in: query
+          name: end_date
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            format: date-time
+          description: Filter by timestamp <= end_date (RFC3339 format).
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Paginated list of session-grouped agent-network access logs
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: "#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsResponse"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/usage/overview:
+    get:
+      summary: Agent Network usage overview
+      description: Returns agent-network token and cost usage aggregated into time buckets, server-side filtered. Usage is always collected (independent of log collection). Callers without the account-wide grant are not denied - the response is scoped to their own usage (any user_id or group_id filter is overridden).
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: query
+          name: granularity
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            enum: [day, week, month]
+            default: day
+          description: Time bucket width. Defaults to day.
+        - in: query
+          name: start_date
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            format: date-time
+          description: Filter by timestamp >= start_date (RFC3339 format).
+        - in: query
+          name: end_date
+          schema:
+            type: string
+            format: date-time
+          description: Filter by timestamp <= end_date (RFC3339 format).
+        - in: query
+          name: user_id
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter by user ID.
+        - in: query
+          name: session_id
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: Filter to a single conversation / coding session id.
+        - in: query
+          name: group_id
+          schema:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          style: form
+          explode: true
+          description: Filter by authorising group id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+        - in: query
+          name: provider_id
+          schema:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          style: form
+          explode: true
+          description: Filter by resolved provider id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+        - in: query
+          name: model
+          schema:
+            type: array
+            items:
+              type: string
+          style: form
+          explode: true
+          description: Filter by model. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: A JSON array of aggregated usage buckets, ordered oldest-first.
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkUsageBucket'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/consumption:
+    get:
+      summary: List Agent Network consumption counters
+      description: Returns every per-(dimension, window) consumption counter recorded for the account, ordered window-newest-first. Empty list when nothing has been consumed yet.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: A JSON Array of consumption counter rows
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkConsumption'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/agent-config:
+    get:
+      summary: Retrieve the caller's Agent Network agent config
+      description: Returns everything the caller needs to configure a local AI tool and nothing more - the account's Agent Network endpoint plus the providers and models the caller's own policies allow. Available to every authenticated user regardless of role; the response never contains provider credentials, policy or guardrail configuration, or providers the caller cannot reach.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: The caller-scoped Agent Network agent config
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkAgentConfig'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/settings:
+    get:
+      summary: Retrieve Agent Network settings
+      description: Returns the per-account Agent Network gateway settings (endpoint, proxy address, collection toggles). Before the account is bootstrapped via POST, the response carries the default values with an empty endpoint and proxy address.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Agent Network settings for the account
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkSettings'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    post:
+      summary: Bootstrap Agent Network settings
+      description: Creates the per-account Agent Network settings row and allocates the account's endpoint. Exactly one of `proxy_address` (labeled endpoint under that cluster; the server allocates the label) and `endpoint` (self-addressed dedicated endpoint, claimed verbatim) must be provided. The endpoint and proxy address are immutable once assigned. Returns 409 when the account already has a settings row.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      requestBody:
+        required: true
+        description: Settings bootstrap request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: The freshly bootstrapped Agent Network settings
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkSettings'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '409':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/conflict"
+        '422':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/validation_failed"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    put:
+      summary: Update Agent Network settings
+      description: Updates the account-level Agent Network settings; the request carries every field, replacing the mutable ones (collection toggles and retention). Returns 404 when the account has no settings row yet — bootstrap it with POST first. The endpoint and proxy address are assigned at bootstrap and immutable; the request must carry them unchanged, and a request carrying different values is rejected.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      requestBody:
+        description: Settings update request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkSettingsRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Updated Agent Network settings
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkSettings'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '422':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/validation_failed"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    delete:
+      summary: Delete Agent Network settings
+      description: Deletes the account's Agent Network settings row, releasing the endpoint. Guarded — the delete is refused with 412 while any Agent Network provider exists for the account or while a proxy is actively serving the endpoint. Bootstrapping again after a delete allocates a new endpoint; the released hostname is not reserved.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Settings deleted
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '412':
+          description: Delete refused — Agent Network providers still exist for the account, or a proxy is actively serving the endpoint
+          content: { }
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/budget-rules:
+    get:
+      summary: List all Agent Network budget rules
+      description: Returns all account-level budget rules.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: A JSON Array of Agent Network budget rules
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkBudgetRule'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    post:
+      summary: Create an Agent Network budget rule
+      description: Creates a new account-level budget rule.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      requestBody:
+        description: New budget rule request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Budget rule created
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkBudgetRule'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/budget-rules/{ruleId}:
+    get:
+      summary: Retrieve an Agent Network budget rule
+      description: Get a specific account-level budget rule.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: ruleId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of a budget rule
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: An Agent Network budget rule object
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkBudgetRule'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    put:
+      summary: Update an Agent Network budget rule
+      description: Updates an existing account-level budget rule.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: ruleId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of a budget rule
+      requestBody:
+        description: Budget rule update request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Budget rule updated
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkBudgetRule'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    delete:
+      summary: Delete an Agent Network budget rule
+      description: Deletes an account-level budget rule.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: ruleId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of a budget rule
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Budget rule deleted
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: object
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/catalog/providers:
+    get:
+      summary: List Agent Network catalog providers
+      description: Returns the static catalog of supported Agent Network providers (OpenAI, Anthropic, …) along with their default upstream host, auth header template, brand color, and known models.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: A JSON Array of catalog providers
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkCatalogProvider'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/catalog/providers/models:
+    post:
+      summary: Discover the models a provider credential can reach
+      description: |
+        Asks the vendor which models the supplied credential can actually use, so the provider form can offer a live list instead of only the static catalog. The endpoint, auth header and response shape are taken from the catalog entry, never from the request.
+
+        Supply either an api_key together with the upstream_url being configured (before the provider is saved), or a provider_id of an existing record to reuse its stored credential.
+
+        Returns 422 for a catalog provider that has no listing endpoint (most gateways); the caller should fall back to the catalog's own model list. A model whose price the shipped table does not know is returned with pricing_known false, and the operator must set rates for it.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      requestBody:
+        required: true
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: The models the credential can reach
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryResponse'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '422':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/validation_failed_simple"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/providers:
+    get:
+      summary: List all Agent Network Providers
+      description: Returns a list of all Agent Network AI providers configured for the account.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: A JSON Array of Agent Network providers
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkProvider'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    post:
+      summary: Create an Agent Network Provider
+      description: |
+        Connects a new Agent Network AI provider for the account.
+
+        The credential is checked against the vendor's model listing before the provider is stored, so a record the vendor will not accept is refused rather than saved. A rejected credential, a listing endpoint that does not resolve or answer, a vendor outage, and a timeout all block the write and return 422.
+
+        What that proves about the upstream URL is narrower than the URL itself. Only its host is used: the listing is requested over HTTPS at the path the catalog entry declares, so a configured scheme or path is neither used nor validated here. Where the catalog entry has a listing host of its own — Bedrock, whose listing comes from the control plane — even the host is only resolved, never contacted, so a public host that does not answer is still stored.
+
+        Only what cannot be checked at all is exempt and stored unverified: a catalog provider with no listing endpoint, one with no host to derive a listing from, an upstream resolving to a private address the management service will not dial, and a provider configured to skip TLS verification.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      requestBody:
+        description: New provider request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkProviderRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Provider created
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkProvider'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '409':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/conflict"
+        '422':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/validation_failed_simple"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/providers/{providerId}:
+    get:
+      summary: Retrieve an Agent Network Provider
+      description: Get information about a specific Agent Network AI provider.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: providerId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of an Agent Network provider
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: An Agent Network provider object
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkProvider'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    put:
+      summary: Update an Agent Network Provider
+      description: |
+        Update an existing Agent Network AI provider.
+
+        When the upstream URL, the API key or the catalog provider changes, the record is checked against the vendor before the change is stored, and a refusal returns 422 without replacing what was there. Switching TLS verification back on is the fourth trigger: a provider exempt from the check was stored unverified, so the edit that ends the exemption is the first opportunity to check it. Where one of the four does fire, an update that omits the API key is checked against the stored one. Edits touching none of them — a rename, model rows, price edits — are stored without a check, as are the cases the create description lists as unverifiable.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: providerId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of an Agent Network provider
+      requestBody:
+        description: Provider update request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkProviderRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Provider updated
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkProvider'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '409':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/conflict"
+        '422':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/validation_failed_simple"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    delete:
+      summary: Delete an Agent Network Provider
+      description: Delete an existing Agent Network AI provider.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: providerId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of an Agent Network provider
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Provider deleted
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/policies:
+    get:
+      summary: List all Agent Network Policies
+      description: Returns a list of all Agent Network policies for the account.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: A JSON Array of Agent Network policies
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicy'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    post:
+      summary: Create an Agent Network Policy
+      description: Creates a new Agent Network policy binding source groups to destination providers, optionally enforced by guardrails.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      requestBody:
+        description: New policy request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicyRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Policy created
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicy'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '409':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/conflict"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/policies/{policyId}:
+    get:
+      summary: Retrieve an Agent Network Policy
+      description: Get information about a specific Agent Network policy.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: policyId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of an Agent Network policy
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: An Agent Network policy object
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicy'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    put:
+      summary: Update an Agent Network Policy
+      description: Update an existing Agent Network policy.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: policyId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of an Agent Network policy
+      requestBody:
+        description: Policy update request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicyRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Policy updated
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkPolicy'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '409':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/conflict"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    delete:
+      summary: Delete an Agent Network Policy
+      description: Delete an existing Agent Network policy.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: policyId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of an Agent Network policy
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Policy deleted
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/guardrails:
+    get:
+      summary: List all Agent Network Guardrails
+      description: Returns a list of all Agent Network guardrails for the account.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: A JSON Array of Agent Network guardrails
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                type: array
+                items:
+                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkGuardrail'
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    post:
+      summary: Create an Agent Network Guardrail
+      description: Creates a new Agent Network guardrail that can be attached to one or more policies.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      requestBody:
+        description: New guardrail request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Guardrail created
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkGuardrail'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '409':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/conflict"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+  /api/agent-network/guardrails/{guardrailId}:
+    get:
+      summary: Retrieve an Agent Network Guardrail
+      description: Get information about a specific Agent Network guardrail.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: guardrailId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of an Agent Network guardrail
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: An Agent Network guardrail object
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkGuardrail'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    put:
+      summary: Update an Agent Network Guardrail
+      description: Update an existing Agent Network guardrail.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: guardrailId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of an Agent Network guardrail
+      requestBody:
+        description: Guardrail update request
+        content:
+          application/json:
+            schema:
+              $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest'
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Guardrail updated
+          content:
+            application/json:
+              schema:
+                $ref: '#/components/schemas/AgentNetworkGuardrail'
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '409':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/conflict"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
+    delete:
+      summary: Delete an Agent Network Guardrail
+      description: Delete an existing Agent Network guardrail.
+      tags: [ Agent Network ]
+      security:
+        - BearerAuth: [ ]
+        - TokenAuth: [ ]
+      parameters:
+        - in: path
+          name: guardrailId
+          required: true
+          schema:
+            type: string
+          description: The unique identifier of an Agent Network guardrail
+      responses:
+        '200':
+          description: Guardrail deleted
+        '400':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/bad_request"
+        '401':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/requires_authentication"
+        '403':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/forbidden"
+        '404':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/not_found"
+        '500':
+          "$ref": "#/components/responses/internal_error"
diff --git a/shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go b/shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go
index 0317b8183..b5a7a80ac 100644
--- a/shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go
+++ b/shared/management/http/api/types.gen.go
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // Package api provides primitives to interact with the openapi HTTP API.
 //
-// Code generated by github.com/oapi-codegen/oapi-codegen/v2 version v2.6.0 DO NOT EDIT.
+// Code generated by github.com/oapi-codegen/oapi-codegen/v2 version v2.7.1 DO NOT EDIT.
 package api
 
 import (
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	BearerAuthScopes = "BearerAuth.Scopes"
-	TokenAuthScopes  = "TokenAuth.Scopes"
+	BearerAuthScopes bearerAuthContextKey = "BearerAuth.Scopes"
+	TokenAuthScopes  tokenAuthContextKey  = "TokenAuth.Scopes"
 )
 
 // Defines values for AccessRestrictionsCrowdsecMode.
@@ -38,6 +38,66 @@ func (e AccessRestrictionsCrowdsecMode) Valid() bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// Defines values for AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKind.
+const (
+	AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindCustom   AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKind = "custom"
+	AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindGateway  AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKind = "gateway"
+	AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindProvider AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKind = "provider"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKind enum.
+func (e AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKind) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindCustom:
+		return true
+	case AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindGateway:
+		return true
+	case AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKindProvider:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Defines values for AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKind.
+const (
+	AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKindGroup AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKind = "group"
+	AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKindUser  AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKind = "user"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKind enum.
+func (e AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKind) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKindGroup:
+		return true
+	case AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKindUser:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Defines values for AgentNetworkManagedProxyState.
+const (
+	AgentNetworkManagedProxyStateFailed       AgentNetworkManagedProxyState = "failed"
+	AgentNetworkManagedProxyStateProvisioning AgentNetworkManagedProxyState = "provisioning"
+	AgentNetworkManagedProxyStateReady        AgentNetworkManagedProxyState = "ready"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the AgentNetworkManagedProxyState enum.
+func (e AgentNetworkManagedProxyState) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case AgentNetworkManagedProxyStateFailed:
+		return true
+	case AgentNetworkManagedProxyStateProvisioning:
+		return true
+	case AgentNetworkManagedProxyStateReady:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 // Defines values for CreateAzureIntegrationRequestHost.
 const (
 	CreateAzureIntegrationRequestHostMicrosoftCom CreateAzureIntegrationRequestHost = "microsoft.com"
@@ -511,6 +571,7 @@ func (e GroupMinimumIssued) Valid() bool {
 
 // Defines values for IdentityProviderType.
 const (
+	IdentityProviderTypeAdfs      IdentityProviderType = "adfs"
 	IdentityProviderTypeEntra     IdentityProviderType = "entra"
 	IdentityProviderTypeGoogle    IdentityProviderType = "google"
 	IdentityProviderTypeMicrosoft IdentityProviderType = "microsoft"
@@ -523,6 +584,8 @@ const (
 // Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the IdentityProviderType enum.
 func (e IdentityProviderType) Valid() bool {
 	switch e {
+	case IdentityProviderTypeAdfs:
+		return true
 	case IdentityProviderTypeEntra:
 		return true
 	case IdentityProviderTypeGoogle:
@@ -875,6 +938,24 @@ func (e PolicyRuleUpdateProtocol) Valid() bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// Defines values for ProxyClusterType.
+const (
+	ProxyClusterTypeAccount ProxyClusterType = "account"
+	ProxyClusterTypeShared  ProxyClusterType = "shared"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the ProxyClusterType enum.
+func (e ProxyClusterType) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case ProxyClusterTypeAccount:
+		return true
+	case ProxyClusterTypeShared:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 // Defines values for ResourceType.
 const (
 	ResourceTypeDomain ResourceType = "domain"
@@ -1042,15 +1123,18 @@ func (e ServiceTargetProtocol) Valid() bool {
 
 // Defines values for ServiceTargetTargetType.
 const (
-	ServiceTargetTargetTypeDomain ServiceTargetTargetType = "domain"
-	ServiceTargetTargetTypeHost   ServiceTargetTargetType = "host"
-	ServiceTargetTargetTypePeer   ServiceTargetTargetType = "peer"
-	ServiceTargetTargetTypeSubnet ServiceTargetTargetType = "subnet"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypeCluster ServiceTargetTargetType = "cluster"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypeDomain  ServiceTargetTargetType = "domain"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypeHost    ServiceTargetTargetType = "host"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypePeer    ServiceTargetTargetType = "peer"
+	ServiceTargetTargetTypeSubnet  ServiceTargetTargetType = "subnet"
 )
 
 // Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the ServiceTargetTargetType enum.
 func (e ServiceTargetTargetType) Valid() bool {
 	switch e {
+	case ServiceTargetTargetTypeCluster:
+		return true
 	case ServiceTargetTargetTypeDomain:
 		return true
 	case ServiceTargetTargetTypeHost:
@@ -1139,6 +1223,141 @@ func (e WorkloadType) Valid() bool {
 	}
 }
 
+// Defines values for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy.
+const (
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByCostUsd      GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy = "cost_usd"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByDecision     GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy = "decision"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByDuration     GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy = "duration"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByRequestCount GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy = "request_count"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByStartedAt    GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy = "started_at"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByStatusCode   GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy = "status_code"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByTimestamp    GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy = "timestamp"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByTotalTokens  GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy = "total_tokens"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByUserId       GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy = "user_id"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy enum.
+func (e GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByCostUsd:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByDecision:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByDuration:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByRequestCount:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByStartedAt:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByStatusCode:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByTimestamp:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByTotalTokens:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortByUserId:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Defines values for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrder.
+const (
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrderAsc  GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrder = "asc"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrderDesc GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrder = "desc"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrder enum.
+func (e GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrder) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrderAsc:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrderDesc:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Defines values for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy.
+const (
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByCostUsd     GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy = "cost_usd"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByDecision    GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy = "decision"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByDuration    GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy = "duration"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByModel       GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy = "model"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByProvider    GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy = "provider"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByStatusCode  GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy = "status_code"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByTimestamp   GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy = "timestamp"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByTotalTokens GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy = "total_tokens"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByUserId      GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy = "user_id"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy enum.
+func (e GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByCostUsd:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByDecision:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByDuration:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByModel:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByProvider:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByStatusCode:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByTimestamp:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByTotalTokens:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortByUserId:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Defines values for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrder.
+const (
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrderAsc  GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrder = "asc"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrderDesc GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrder = "desc"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrder enum.
+func (e GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrder) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrderAsc:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrderDesc:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Defines values for GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularity.
+const (
+	GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularityDay   GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularity = "day"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularityMonth GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularity = "month"
+	GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularityWeek  GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularity = "week"
+)
+
+// Valid indicates whether the value is a known member of the GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularity enum.
+func (e GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularity) Valid() bool {
+	switch e {
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularityDay:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularityMonth:
+		return true
+	case GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularityWeek:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
 // Defines values for GetApiEventsNetworkTrafficParamsType.
 const (
 	GetApiEventsNetworkTrafficParamsTypeTYPEDROP    GetApiEventsNetworkTrafficParamsType = "TYPE_DROP"
@@ -1378,6 +1597,9 @@ type AccessiblePeer struct {
 	// Ip Peer's IP address
 	Ip string `json:"ip"`
 
+	// Ipv6 Peer's IPv6 overlay address
+	Ipv6 *string `json:"ipv6,omitempty"`
+
 	// LastSeen Last time peer connected to Netbird's management service
 	LastSeen time.Time `json:"last_seen"`
 
@@ -1411,6 +1633,12 @@ type Account struct {
 	Settings   AccountSettings   `json:"settings"`
 }
 
+// AccountDashboardFeatures Per-account dashboard section visibility overrides. Omitted keys follow the default dashboard behavior.
+type AccountDashboardFeatures struct {
+	// AgentNetwork Controls the Agent Network menu for the account regardless of the deployment feature flag. When true the menu is shown, when false it is hidden, and when omitted the default behavior applies. Must be true when agent_network_only is enabled.
+	AgentNetwork *bool `json:"agent_network,omitempty"`
+}
+
 // AccountExtraSettings defines model for AccountExtraSettings.
 type AccountExtraSettings struct {
 	// NetworkTrafficLogsEnabled Enables or disables network traffic logging. If enabled, all network traffic events from peers will be stored.
@@ -1446,12 +1674,18 @@ type AccountRequest struct {
 
 // AccountSettings defines model for AccountSettings.
 type AccountSettings struct {
+	// AgentNetworkOnly Limits the dashboard to the Agent Network surface for this account. Set for accounts created via netbird.ai signups and can be disabled later. Enabling this requires dashboard_features.agent_network to be true in the same request.
+	AgentNetworkOnly *bool `json:"agent_network_only,omitempty"`
+
 	// AutoUpdateAlways When true, updates are installed automatically in the background. When false, updates require user interaction from the UI.
 	AutoUpdateAlways *bool `json:"auto_update_always,omitempty"`
 
 	// AutoUpdateVersion Set Clients auto-update version. "latest", "disabled", or a specific version (e.g "0.50.1")
 	AutoUpdateVersion *string `json:"auto_update_version,omitempty"`
 
+	// DashboardFeatures Per-account dashboard section visibility overrides. Omitted keys follow the default dashboard behavior.
+	DashboardFeatures *AccountDashboardFeatures `json:"dashboard_features,omitempty"`
+
 	// DnsDomain Allows to define a custom dns domain for the account
 	DnsDomain *string `json:"dns_domain,omitempty"`
 
@@ -1462,6 +1696,9 @@ type AccountSettings struct {
 	// GroupsPropagationEnabled Allows propagate the new user auto groups to peers that belongs to the user
 	GroupsPropagationEnabled *bool `json:"groups_propagation_enabled,omitempty"`
 
+	// Ipv6EnabledGroups List of group IDs whose peers receive IPv6 overlay addresses. Peers not in any of these groups will not be allocated an IPv6 address. New accounts default to the All group.
+	Ipv6EnabledGroups *[]string `json:"ipv6_enabled_groups,omitempty"`
+
 	// JwtAllowGroups List of groups to which users are allowed access
 	JwtAllowGroups *[]string `json:"jwt_allow_groups,omitempty"`
 
@@ -1477,9 +1714,18 @@ type AccountSettings struct {
 	// LocalAuthDisabled Indicates whether local (email/password) authentication is disabled. When true, users can only authenticate via external identity providers. This is a read-only field.
 	LocalAuthDisabled *bool `json:"local_auth_disabled,omitempty"`
 
+	// LocalMfaEnabled Enables or disables TOTP multi-factor authentication for local users. Only applicable when the embedded identity provider is enabled.
+	LocalMfaEnabled *bool `json:"local_mfa_enabled,omitempty"`
+
+	// MetricsPushEnabled Enables or disables client metrics push for all peers in the account
+	MetricsPushEnabled *bool `json:"metrics_push_enabled,omitempty"`
+
 	// NetworkRange Allows to define a custom network range for the account in CIDR format
 	NetworkRange *string `json:"network_range,omitempty"`
 
+	// NetworkRangeV6 Allows to define a custom IPv6 network range for the account in CIDR format.
+	NetworkRangeV6 *string `json:"network_range_v6,omitempty"`
+
 	// PeerExposeEnabled Enables or disables peer expose. If enabled, peers can expose local services through the reverse proxy using the CLI.
 	PeerExposeEnabled bool `json:"peer_expose_enabled"`
 
@@ -1505,6 +1751,852 @@ type AccountSettings struct {
 	RoutingPeerDnsResolutionEnabled *bool `json:"routing_peer_dns_resolution_enabled,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// AgentNetworkAccessLog One per-request agent-network (LLM) access log entry with flattened, queryable LLM dimensions.
+type AgentNetworkAccessLog struct {
+	// CacheCostUsd Portion of cost_usd billed for prompt-cache usage.
+	CacheCostUsd float64 `json:"cache_cost_usd"`
+
+	// CacheCreationCostUsd Cost of the prompt-cache write tokens. Base component of cost_usd, and part of cache_cost_usd.
+	CacheCreationCostUsd float64 `json:"cache_creation_cost_usd"`
+
+	// CacheCreationTokens Input tokens written to the provider's prompt cache. Zero for providers without a cache-write bucket.
+	CacheCreationTokens int64 `json:"cache_creation_tokens"`
+
+	// CachedInputCostUsd Cost of the prompt-cache read tokens. Base component of cost_usd, and part of cache_cost_usd.
+	CachedInputCostUsd float64 `json:"cached_input_cost_usd"`
+
+	// CachedInputTokens Input tokens read from the provider's prompt cache. Additive to input_tokens for Anthropic-shape providers; a subset of input_tokens for OpenAI.
+	CachedInputTokens int64 `json:"cached_input_tokens"`
+
+	// CostUsd Estimated USD cost of the request.
+	CostUsd float64 `json:"cost_usd"`
+
+	// Decision Policy decision for the request (e.g. allow, deny).
+	Decision *string `json:"decision,omitempty"`
+
+	// DenyReason Raw deny reason code when the request was blocked (e.g. llm_policy.token_cap_exceeded).
+	DenyReason *string `json:"deny_reason,omitempty"`
+
+	// DurationMs Duration of the request in milliseconds.
+	DurationMs int `json:"duration_ms"`
+
+	// GroupIds NetBird group ids that authorised the request (the caller's groups intersected with the policy's source groups).
+	GroupIds *[]string `json:"group_ids,omitempty"`
+
+	// Host Upstream host the request was routed to. Empty when log collection is disabled.
+	Host *string `json:"host,omitempty"`
+
+	// Id Unique identifier for the access log entry.
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// InputCostUsd Cost of the non-cached input tokens. Base component of cost_usd.
+	InputCostUsd float64 `json:"input_cost_usd"`
+
+	// InputTokens Input (prompt) tokens consumed.
+	InputTokens int64 `json:"input_tokens"`
+
+	// Method HTTP method of the request.
+	Method *string `json:"method,omitempty"`
+
+	// Model Requested LLM model.
+	Model *string `json:"model,omitempty"`
+
+	// OutputCostUsd Cost of the output tokens. Base component of cost_usd.
+	OutputCostUsd float64 `json:"output_cost_usd"`
+
+	// OutputTokens Output (completion) tokens produced.
+	OutputTokens int64 `json:"output_tokens"`
+
+	// Path Request path. Empty when log collection is disabled.
+	Path *string `json:"path,omitempty"`
+
+	// Provider LLM provider vendor (e.g. openai, anthropic).
+	Provider *string `json:"provider,omitempty"`
+
+	// RequestPrompt Captured request prompt. Present only when prompt collection is enabled.
+	RequestPrompt *string `json:"request_prompt,omitempty"`
+
+	// ResolvedProviderId NetBird agent-network provider id that served the request.
+	ResolvedProviderId *string `json:"resolved_provider_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// ResponseCompletion Captured response completion. Present only when prompt collection is enabled.
+	ResponseCompletion *string `json:"response_completion,omitempty"`
+
+	// SelectedPolicyId Agent-network policy id that authorised (or denied) the request.
+	SelectedPolicyId *string `json:"selected_policy_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// ServiceId ID of the synthesised agent-network service that handled the request.
+	ServiceId string `json:"service_id"`
+
+	// SessionId Conversation / coding-session identifier that groups related requests. Sourced from the client's session marker (e.g. OpenAI Codex client_metadata.session_id, Claude Code metadata.user_id). Empty for clients that send none.
+	SessionId *string `json:"session_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// SourceIp Source IP of the request. Empty when log collection is disabled.
+	SourceIp *string `json:"source_ip,omitempty"`
+
+	// StatusCode HTTP status code returned upstream.
+	StatusCode int `json:"status_code"`
+
+	// Stream Whether the request was a streaming completion.
+	Stream *bool `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+
+	// Timestamp Timestamp when the request was made.
+	Timestamp time.Time `json:"timestamp"`
+
+	// TotalTokens Total tokens consumed, including prompt-cache tokens.
+	TotalTokens int64 `json:"total_tokens"`
+
+	// UserId NetBird user id of the authenticated caller, if applicable.
+	UserId *string `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkAccessLogSession A session-grouped view of agent-network access logs — all requests sharing a session id (or a single session-less request) folded into one summary plus its ordered entries.
+type AgentNetworkAccessLogSession struct {
+	// CacheCostUsd Portion of cost_usd billed for prompt-cache usage across the session.
+	CacheCostUsd float64 `json:"cache_cost_usd"`
+
+	// CacheCreationCostUsd Total cost of prompt-cache write tokens across the session.
+	CacheCreationCostUsd float64 `json:"cache_creation_cost_usd"`
+
+	// CacheCreationTokens Total prompt-cache write tokens across the session.
+	CacheCreationTokens int64 `json:"cache_creation_tokens"`
+
+	// CachedInputCostUsd Total cost of prompt-cache read tokens across the session.
+	CachedInputCostUsd float64 `json:"cached_input_cost_usd"`
+
+	// CachedInputTokens Total prompt-cache read tokens across the session.
+	CachedInputTokens int64 `json:"cached_input_tokens"`
+
+	// CostUsd Total estimated USD cost across the session.
+	CostUsd float64 `json:"cost_usd"`
+
+	// Decision Session decision — "deny" if any request was denied, otherwise "allow".
+	Decision string `json:"decision"`
+
+	// EndedAt Timestamp of the session's latest request.
+	EndedAt time.Time `json:"ended_at"`
+
+	// Entries The session's access-log entries, oldest first.
+	Entries []AgentNetworkAccessLog `json:"entries"`
+
+	// GroupIds Union of the authorising group ids across the session's entries.
+	GroupIds *[]string `json:"group_ids,omitempty"`
+
+	// InputCostUsd Total cost of non-cached input tokens across the session.
+	InputCostUsd float64 `json:"input_cost_usd"`
+
+	// InputTokens Total input (prompt) tokens across the session.
+	InputTokens int64 `json:"input_tokens"`
+
+	// Models Distinct models seen in the session.
+	Models *[]string `json:"models,omitempty"`
+
+	// OutputCostUsd Total cost of output tokens across the session.
+	OutputCostUsd float64 `json:"output_cost_usd"`
+
+	// OutputTokens Total output (completion) tokens across the session.
+	OutputTokens int64 `json:"output_tokens"`
+
+	// Providers Distinct LLM provider vendors seen in the session.
+	Providers *[]string `json:"providers,omitempty"`
+
+	// RequestCount Number of requests in the session.
+	RequestCount int `json:"request_count"`
+
+	// SessionId Conversation / coding-session identifier shared by the entries. Empty for a session-less (singleton) request grouped on its own id.
+	SessionId *string `json:"session_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// StartedAt Timestamp of the session's earliest request.
+	StartedAt time.Time `json:"started_at"`
+
+	// TotalTokens Total tokens across the session, including prompt-cache tokens.
+	TotalTokens int64 `json:"total_tokens"`
+
+	// UserId NetBird user id of the session's caller.
+	UserId *string `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsResponse defines model for AgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsResponse.
+type AgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsResponse struct {
+	// Data List of session-grouped agent-network access logs.
+	Data []AgentNetworkAccessLogSession `json:"data"`
+
+	// Page Current page number.
+	Page int `json:"page"`
+
+	// PageSize Number of sessions per page.
+	PageSize int `json:"page_size"`
+
+	// TotalPages Total number of pages available.
+	TotalPages int `json:"total_pages"`
+
+	// TotalRecords Total number of sessions matching the filter.
+	TotalRecords int `json:"total_records"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse defines model for AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse.
+type AgentNetworkAccessLogsResponse struct {
+	// Data List of agent-network access log entries.
+	Data []AgentNetworkAccessLog `json:"data"`
+
+	// Page Current page number.
+	Page int `json:"page"`
+
+	// PageSize Number of items per page.
+	PageSize int `json:"page_size"`
+
+	// TotalPages Total number of pages available.
+	TotalPages int `json:"total_pages"`
+
+	// TotalRecords Total number of log records matching the filter.
+	TotalRecords int `json:"total_records"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkAgentConfig The caller-scoped Agent Network connection config backing the self-service "Connect your agent" view. Available to every authenticated user; the providers are computed from the caller's own groups and the answer carries display metadata only.
+type AgentNetworkAgentConfig struct {
+	// Configured False only when the account has no Agent Network set up. A caller that no policy covers yet still reads as configured, with an empty providers list.
+	Configured bool `json:"configured"`
+
+	// Endpoint The account's Agent Network base URL, reachable over the NetBird tunnel only. Returned to every member of a configured account - it authorizes nothing on its own, since the gateway still refuses every request no policy permits. Empty when configured is false.
+	Endpoint string `json:"endpoint"`
+
+	// Providers The providers at least one of the caller's policies authorizes, in creation order. Empty when no policy covers the caller.
+	Providers []AgentNetworkAgentConfigProvider `json:"providers"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkAgentConfigProvider One provider the caller may use, reduced to what a local tool needs for configuration.
+type AgentNetworkAgentConfigProvider struct {
+	// AllModelsAllowed True when no model allowlist restricts this provider for the caller; models then lists the declared or catalog models as a courtesy.
+	AllModelsAllowed bool `json:"all_models_allowed"`
+
+	// ApiFlavor Request-body shape the provider speaks ("anthropic", "openai"). Empty when the gateway dispatches it by URL path instead.
+	ApiFlavor string `json:"api_flavor"`
+
+	// CatalogId Catalog entry id naming the provider type.
+	CatalogId string `json:"catalog_id"`
+
+	// Models The effective model allowlist for the caller (or the declared/catalog models when all_models_allowed is true).
+	Models []string `json:"models"`
+
+	// Name Operator-assigned provider label.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkBudgetRule Account-level budget rule. A limit-only rule bound to groups and/or users that applies across all policies as a min-wins ceiling. Empty targets means it applies to every caller.
+type AgentNetworkBudgetRule struct {
+	CreatedAt *time.Time `json:"created_at,omitempty"`
+
+	// Enabled Whether the rule is enforced.
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled"`
+
+	// Id Budget rule ID.
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// Limits Token and budget caps attached directly to the policy. These compose with any guardrail-level checks.
+	Limits AgentNetworkPolicyLimits `json:"limits"`
+
+	// Name Display name for the budget rule.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+
+	// TargetGroups NetBird group ids the rule binds. Empty plus empty target_users means account-wide.
+	TargetGroups []string `json:"target_groups"`
+
+	// TargetUsers NetBird user ids the rule binds directly.
+	TargetUsers []string   `json:"target_users"`
+	UpdatedAt   *time.Time `json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest defines model for AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest.
+type AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest struct {
+	// Enabled Whether the rule is enforced. Defaults to true on create.
+	Enabled *bool `json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+
+	// Limits Token and budget caps attached directly to the policy. These compose with any guardrail-level checks.
+	Limits AgentNetworkPolicyLimits `json:"limits"`
+
+	// Name Display name for the budget rule.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+
+	// TargetGroups NetBird group ids the rule binds. Empty plus empty target_users means account-wide.
+	TargetGroups *[]string `json:"target_groups,omitempty"`
+
+	// TargetUsers NetBird user ids the rule binds directly.
+	TargetUsers *[]string `json:"target_users,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkCatalogExtraHeader One optional per-provider routing/config header surfaced on the dashboard. Operator-typed value lives on the provider record's `extra_values` map keyed by `name`. UI copy (input label, helper line, tooltip) is owned by the dashboard, keyed by `name`.
+type AgentNetworkCatalogExtraHeader struct {
+	// Name Wire header name the proxy stamps with the operator-typed value.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkCatalogHeaderPairInjection HeaderPair identity-injection shape — separate per-dimension headers (LiteLLM-style, Bifrost).
+type AgentNetworkCatalogHeaderPairInjection struct {
+	// Customizable When true, the wire header names are operator-overridable per provider record (Bifrost). When false, the catalog values are authoritative (LiteLLM and similar gateways with a fixed wire protocol).
+	Customizable bool `json:"customizable"`
+
+	// EndUserIdHeader Wire header name for the caller's display identity. Default placeholder when `customizable` is true.
+	EndUserIdHeader string `json:"end_user_id_header"`
+
+	// TagsHeader Wire header name for the caller's groups CSV. Default placeholder when `customizable` is true.
+	TagsHeader string `json:"tags_header"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkCatalogIdentityInjection Catalog-declared identity-injection shape. Present when this provider supports stamping the caller's NetBird identity onto upstream requests. Exactly one of `header_pair` or `json_metadata` is set per provider entry. The dashboard reads the `customizable` flag on whichever shape is present to decide whether to surface the labels as editable inputs (true → editable with the catalog values shown as placeholders; false → fixed and read-only).
+type AgentNetworkCatalogIdentityInjection struct {
+	// HeaderPair HeaderPair identity-injection shape — separate per-dimension headers (LiteLLM-style, Bifrost).
+	HeaderPair *AgentNetworkCatalogHeaderPairInjection `json:"header_pair,omitempty"`
+
+	// JsonMetadata JSONMetadata identity-injection shape — one wire header carrying a JSON object whose keys label each dimension (Portkey-style, Cloudflare AI Gateway).
+	JsonMetadata *AgentNetworkCatalogJSONMetadataInjection `json:"json_metadata,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkCatalogJSONMetadataInjection JSONMetadata identity-injection shape — one wire header carrying a JSON object whose keys label each dimension (Portkey-style, Cloudflare AI Gateway).
+type AgentNetworkCatalogJSONMetadataInjection struct {
+	// Customizable When true, the JSON keys are operator-overridable per provider record (Cloudflare). The wire header itself stays catalog-owned. When false, the catalog values are authoritative (Portkey and similar gateways with a fixed JSON schema).
+	Customizable bool `json:"customizable"`
+
+	// GroupsKey JSON key for the caller's groups CSV. Default placeholder when `customizable` is true.
+	GroupsKey string `json:"groups_key"`
+
+	// Header Wire header name carrying the JSON metadata payload. Catalog-owned (not customizable per provider record).
+	Header string `json:"header"`
+
+	// UserKey JSON key for the caller's display identity. Default placeholder when `customizable` is true.
+	UserKey string `json:"user_key"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkCatalogModel defines model for AgentNetworkCatalogModel.
+type AgentNetworkCatalogModel struct {
+	// CacheCreationPer1k Anthropic-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cache-creation tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cache-creation rate.
+	CacheCreationPer1k *float64 `json:"cache_creation_per_1k,omitempty"`
+
+	// CacheReadPer1k Anthropic-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cache-read tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cache-read rate.
+	CacheReadPer1k *float64 `json:"cache_read_per_1k,omitempty"`
+
+	// CachedInputPer1k OpenAI-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cached prompt tokens (a subset of input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cached-input discount.
+	CachedInputPer1k *float64 `json:"cached_input_per_1k,omitempty"`
+
+	// ContextWindow Maximum context window in tokens.
+	ContextWindow int `json:"context_window"`
+
+	// Id Catalog model identifier as exposed by the upstream provider.
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// InputPer1k Input token price per 1k tokens, in USD.
+	InputPer1k float64 `json:"input_per_1k"`
+
+	// Label Human-friendly model name for the dashboard.
+	Label string `json:"label"`
+
+	// OutputPer1k Output token price per 1k tokens, in USD.
+	OutputPer1k float64 `json:"output_per_1k"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkCatalogProvider defines model for AgentNetworkCatalogProvider.
+type AgentNetworkCatalogProvider struct {
+	// AuthHeaderTemplate Template the proxy uses to inject the API key (the literal string ${API_KEY} is replaced at request time).
+	AuthHeaderTemplate string `json:"auth_header_template"`
+
+	// BrandColor Hex brand color used to render the provider badge in the dashboard.
+	BrandColor string `json:"brand_color"`
+
+	// DefaultContentType Default Content-Type for upstream requests.
+	DefaultContentType string `json:"default_content_type"`
+
+	// DefaultHost Default upstream host suggested when adding a provider of this type.
+	DefaultHost string `json:"default_host"`
+
+	// Description Short description shown in the provider picker.
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+
+	// ExtraHeaders Catalog-declared list of optional per-provider routing/config headers the proxy stamps on every upstream request. Each entry surfaces an input on the dashboard's provider modal (one per item, labeled with `label`). Operators fill any subset; values land on the provider record's `extra_values` map keyed by `name`. Used by gateways like Portkey for `x-portkey-config: pc-...` (saved-config id resolving upstream provider + virtual key).
+	ExtraHeaders *[]AgentNetworkCatalogExtraHeader `json:"extra_headers,omitempty"`
+
+	// Id Catalog provider identifier (referenced by AgentNetworkProvider.provider_id).
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// IdentityInjection Catalog-declared identity-injection shape. Present when this provider supports stamping the caller's NetBird identity onto upstream requests. Exactly one of `header_pair` or `json_metadata` is set per provider entry. The dashboard reads the `customizable` flag on whichever shape is present to decide whether to surface the labels as editable inputs (true → editable with the catalog values shown as placeholders; false → fixed and read-only).
+	IdentityInjection *AgentNetworkCatalogIdentityInjection `json:"identity_injection,omitempty"`
+
+	// Kind Presentation grouping for the provider Select on the dashboard.
+	// "provider" — first-party vendor API (OpenAI, Anthropic, …); the upstream is the model itself.
+	// "gateway" — routing/aggregation layer in front of multiple providers (LiteLLM, Portkey, …); typically pairs with NetBird identity stamping.
+	// "custom" — generic OpenAI-compatible self-hosted endpoint catch-all.
+	Kind AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKind `json:"kind"`
+
+	// Models Catalog models available for this provider.
+	Models []AgentNetworkCatalogModel `json:"models"`
+
+	// Name Display name for the provider.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+
+	// PricingSurfaces Cost-meter pricing surfaces this provider's traffic is metered under ("openai", "anthropic", "bedrock"). Tells the dashboard which cache-rate fields apply to this provider's models: "openai" → cached_input_per_1k (cached prompt tokens are a subset of input); "anthropic"/"bedrock" → cache_read_per_1k + cache_creation_per_1k (additive buckets). Absent/empty for gateway and custom entries, whose upstream shape NetBird cannot know ahead of time — surface all cache fields for those.
+	PricingSurfaces *[]string `json:"pricing_surfaces,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKind Presentation grouping for the provider Select on the dashboard.
+// "provider" — first-party vendor API (OpenAI, Anthropic, …); the upstream is the model itself.
+// "gateway" — routing/aggregation layer in front of multiple providers (LiteLLM, Portkey, …); typically pairs with NetBird identity stamping.
+// "custom" — generic OpenAI-compatible self-hosted endpoint catch-all.
+type AgentNetworkCatalogProviderKind string
+
+// AgentNetworkConsumption One per-(dimension, window) consumption counter row. The proxy ticks one row per dimension on every served LLM request; the dashboard reads this listing to surface live counter growth.
+type AgentNetworkConsumption struct {
+	// CostUsd Total USD spend booked against this dimension for the window.
+	CostUsd float64 `json:"cost_usd"`
+
+	// DimensionId NetBird user id (when `dimension_kind=user`) or NetBird group id (when `dimension_kind=group`).
+	DimensionId string `json:"dimension_id"`
+
+	// DimensionKind Whether this row counts a single end user or a single source group across every member.
+	DimensionKind AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKind `json:"dimension_kind"`
+
+	// TokensInput Total input tokens consumed within the window.
+	TokensInput int64 `json:"tokens_input"`
+
+	// TokensOutput Total output tokens consumed within the window.
+	TokensOutput int64 `json:"tokens_output"`
+
+	// UpdatedAt Timestamp of the last increment recorded for this row.
+	UpdatedAt *time.Time `json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
+
+	// WindowSeconds Length of the aligned window this counter covers, in seconds. Distinct window lengths produce independent counters even on the same dimension.
+	WindowSeconds int64 `json:"window_seconds"`
+
+	// WindowStartUtc UTC start of the aligned window this counter covers. Aligned to the unix epoch so every node computes the same boundary.
+	WindowStartUtc time.Time `json:"window_start_utc"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKind Whether this row counts a single end user or a single source group across every member.
+type AgentNetworkConsumptionDimensionKind string
+
+// AgentNetworkDiscoveredModel defines model for AgentNetworkDiscoveredModel.
+type AgentNetworkDiscoveredModel struct {
+	// CacheCreationPer1k Anthropic-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cache-creation tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cache-creation rate.
+	CacheCreationPer1k *float64 `json:"cache_creation_per_1k,omitempty"`
+
+	// CacheReadPer1k Anthropic-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cache-read tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cache-read rate.
+	CacheReadPer1k *float64 `json:"cache_read_per_1k,omitempty"`
+
+	// CachedInputPer1k OpenAI-shape cache rate — default cost per 1k cached prompt tokens (a subset of input tokens), in USD. Absent when the model has no cached-input discount.
+	CachedInputPer1k *float64 `json:"cached_input_per_1k,omitempty"`
+
+	// Id Identifier to register on the provider record, in the form the vendor issues it. For Bedrock this is the region-prefixed inference-profile id, which is the only form AWS accepts at invoke time.
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// InputPer1k Default input token price per 1k tokens, in USD, from the same table the proxy bills with. Zero when pricing_known is false.
+	InputPer1k float64 `json:"input_per_1k"`
+
+	// Label Vendor-supplied display name, where the vendor supplies one.
+	Label *string `json:"label,omitempty"`
+
+	// OutputPer1k Default output token price per 1k tokens, in USD. Zero when pricing_known is false.
+	OutputPer1k float64 `json:"output_per_1k"`
+
+	// PricingKnown Whether NetBird's shipped pricing table can price this model. When false the rates below are all zero and the operator must set them, or requests to this model would record a cost of zero.
+	PricingKnown bool `json:"pricing_known"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkGuardrail defines model for AgentNetworkGuardrail.
+type AgentNetworkGuardrail struct {
+	// Checks Guardrail check parameters. Each entry has an `enabled` flag plus per-check configuration; disabled entries are inert.
+	Checks AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks `json:"checks"`
+
+	// CreatedAt Timestamp when the guardrail was created.
+	CreatedAt *time.Time `json:"created_at,omitempty"`
+
+	// Description Optional human-readable description.
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+
+	// Id Guardrail ID
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// Name Display name for the guardrail.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+
+	// UpdatedAt Timestamp when the guardrail was last updated.
+	UpdatedAt *time.Time `json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks Guardrail check parameters. Each entry has an `enabled` flag plus per-check configuration; disabled entries are inert.
+type AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks struct {
+	ModelAllowlist struct {
+		Enabled bool `json:"enabled"`
+
+		// Models Allowed catalog model ids. Requests for any other model are denied.
+		Models []string `json:"models"`
+	} `json:"model_allowlist"`
+	PromptCapture struct {
+		Enabled   bool `json:"enabled"`
+		RedactPii bool `json:"redact_pii"`
+	} `json:"prompt_capture"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest defines model for AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest.
+type AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest struct {
+	// Checks Guardrail check parameters. Each entry has an `enabled` flag plus per-check configuration; disabled entries are inert.
+	Checks AgentNetworkGuardrailChecks `json:"checks"`
+
+	// Description Optional human-readable description.
+	Description *string `json:"description,omitempty"`
+
+	// Name Display name for the guardrail.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkManagedProxy A NetBird-managed Agent Network gateway deployment.
+type AgentNetworkManagedProxy struct {
+	// Endpoint The account's gateway hostname.
+	Endpoint string `json:"endpoint"`
+
+	// Id Managed proxy deployment ID.
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// Message Failure detail reported by the rollout. Only set when state is `failed`.
+	Message *string `json:"message,omitempty"`
+
+	// Region Region of the cluster hosting the deployment.
+	Region *string `json:"region,omitempty"`
+
+	// State Derived deployment state. `provisioning` until the gateway is rolled out and connected, `ready` while the gateway actively serves the endpoint, `failed` when the rollout reported a failure.
+	State AgentNetworkManagedProxyState `json:"state"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkManagedProxyState Derived deployment state. `provisioning` until the gateway is rolled out and connected, `ready` while the gateway actively serves the endpoint, `failed` when the rollout reported a failure.
+type AgentNetworkManagedProxyState string
+
+// AgentNetworkManagedProxyConflict Conflict body returned when the account already has an Agent Network endpoint that managed provisioning does not own, naming that endpoint.
+type AgentNetworkManagedProxyConflict struct {
+	// Endpoint The Agent Network endpoint already assigned to the account.
+	Endpoint string `json:"endpoint"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryRequest defines model for AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryRequest.
+type AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryRequest struct {
+	// ApiKey Credential to query the vendor with, for a provider that has not been saved yet. Mutually exclusive with provider_id.
+	ApiKey *string `json:"api_key,omitempty"`
+
+	// CatalogProviderId Catalog provider to query (AgentNetworkCatalogProvider.id). Determines the listing endpoint, the auth header and the response shape.
+	CatalogProviderId string `json:"catalog_provider_id"`
+
+	// ProviderId Existing Agent Network provider record to query with. Its stored credential is used, and its upstream unless upstream_url overrides it, so the form can refresh the list without the client holding the key.
+	ProviderId *string `json:"provider_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// UpstreamUrl The upstream being configured. Used to reach vendors that serve their listing from the same host as inference, and to read back the region for those whose host embeds one. Sent alongside provider_id, it overrides the stored upstream, so an edit can be listed against the URL on the form before it is saved.
+	UpstreamUrl *string `json:"upstream_url,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryResponse defines model for AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryResponse.
+type AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryResponse struct {
+	// Models Models the credential can reach, in the order the vendor returned them.
+	Models []AgentNetworkDiscoveredModel `json:"models"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkPolicy defines model for AgentNetworkPolicy.
+type AgentNetworkPolicy struct {
+	// CreatedAt Timestamp when the policy was created.
+	CreatedAt *time.Time `json:"created_at,omitempty"`
+
+	// Description Optional human-readable description.
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+
+	// DestinationProviderIds Agent Network provider ids (returned by the providers API) the source groups can reach.
+	DestinationProviderIds []string `json:"destination_provider_ids"`
+
+	// Enabled Whether the policy is enabled.
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled"`
+
+	// GuardrailIds Agent Network guardrail ids attached to this policy.
+	GuardrailIds []string `json:"guardrail_ids"`
+
+	// Id Policy ID
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// Limits Token and budget caps attached directly to the policy. These compose with any guardrail-level checks.
+	Limits AgentNetworkPolicyLimits `json:"limits"`
+
+	// Name Display name for the policy.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+
+	// SourceGroups NetBird group ids whose members are allowed to call the destination providers.
+	SourceGroups []string `json:"source_groups"`
+
+	// UpdatedAt Timestamp when the policy was last updated.
+	UpdatedAt *time.Time `json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkPolicyBudgetLimit Per-policy USD spend cap. `group_cap_usd` is applied to each source group independently — every group in the policy's `source_groups` gets its own bucket of this size. `user_cap_usd` is applied independently to each individual user. Caps reset to zero at the start of each window.
+type AgentNetworkPolicyBudgetLimit struct {
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled"`
+
+	// GroupCapUsd USD allowed per source group within the window (each group has its own bucket of this size). 0 means uncapped.
+	GroupCapUsd float64 `json:"group_cap_usd"`
+
+	// UserCapUsd USD allowed per individual user within the window. 0 means uncapped.
+	UserCapUsd float64 `json:"user_cap_usd"`
+
+	// WindowSeconds Reset frequency in seconds. Caps reset at the start of each window. Minimum 60 (one minute) when the limit is enabled.
+	WindowSeconds int64 `json:"window_seconds"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkPolicyLimits Token and budget caps attached directly to the policy. These compose with any guardrail-level checks.
+type AgentNetworkPolicyLimits struct {
+	// BudgetLimit Per-policy USD spend cap. `group_cap_usd` is applied to each source group independently — every group in the policy's `source_groups` gets its own bucket of this size. `user_cap_usd` is applied independently to each individual user. Caps reset to zero at the start of each window.
+	BudgetLimit AgentNetworkPolicyBudgetLimit `json:"budget_limit"`
+
+	// TokenLimit Per-policy token cap. `group_cap` is applied to each source group independently — every group in the policy's `source_groups` gets its own bucket of this size. `user_cap` is applied independently to each individual user. Caps reset to zero at the start of each window.
+	TokenLimit AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit `json:"token_limit"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkPolicyRequest defines model for AgentNetworkPolicyRequest.
+type AgentNetworkPolicyRequest struct {
+	// Description Optional human-readable description.
+	Description *string `json:"description,omitempty"`
+
+	// DestinationProviderIds Agent Network provider ids the source groups can reach.
+	DestinationProviderIds []string `json:"destination_provider_ids"`
+
+	// Enabled Whether the policy is enabled. Defaults to true on create.
+	Enabled *bool `json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+
+	// GuardrailIds Agent Network guardrail ids to attach to this policy.
+	GuardrailIds *[]string `json:"guardrail_ids,omitempty"`
+
+	// Limits Token and budget caps attached directly to the policy. These compose with any guardrail-level checks.
+	Limits *AgentNetworkPolicyLimits `json:"limits,omitempty"`
+
+	// Name Display name for the policy.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+
+	// SourceGroups NetBird group ids whose members are allowed to call the destination providers.
+	SourceGroups []string `json:"source_groups"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit Per-policy token cap. `group_cap` is applied to each source group independently — every group in the policy's `source_groups` gets its own bucket of this size. `user_cap` is applied independently to each individual user. Caps reset to zero at the start of each window.
+type AgentNetworkPolicyTokenLimit struct {
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled"`
+
+	// GroupCap Tokens allowed per source group within the window (each group has its own bucket of this size). 0 means uncapped.
+	GroupCap int64 `json:"group_cap"`
+
+	// UserCap Tokens allowed per individual user within the window. 0 means uncapped.
+	UserCap int64 `json:"user_cap"`
+
+	// WindowSeconds Reset frequency in seconds. The cap counter resets to zero at the start of each window. Minimum 60 (one minute) when the limit is enabled.
+	WindowSeconds int64 `json:"window_seconds"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkProvider defines model for AgentNetworkProvider.
+type AgentNetworkProvider struct {
+	// CreatedAt Timestamp when the provider was created.
+	CreatedAt *time.Time `json:"created_at,omitempty"`
+
+	// Enabled Whether the provider is enabled.
+	Enabled bool `json:"enabled"`
+
+	// ExtraValues Operator-typed values for catalog-declared extra headers. Keys are wire header names (e.g. `x-portkey-config`); values are the strings the proxy stamps on every upstream request to this provider. Catalog (AgentNetworkCatalogProvider.extra_headers) declares which keys are accepted; values not declared by the catalog are ignored at synth time. Empty / missing values mean no header stamped.
+	ExtraValues *map[string]string `json:"extra_values,omitempty"`
+
+	// Id Provider ID
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// IdentityHeaderGroups Wire header name the proxy stamps with the caller's NetBird groups as a comma-separated list (sorted) when the catalog entry's HeaderPair is `customizable`. Always present in responses; empty disables stamping for this dimension. Same per-catalog semantics as `identity_header_user_id`.
+	IdentityHeaderGroups string `json:"identity_header_groups"`
+
+	// IdentityHeaderUserId Wire header name the proxy stamps with the caller's display identity (user email or peer name) when the catalog entry's HeaderPair is `customizable`. Always present in responses; empty disables stamping for this dimension. Ignored when the catalog entry has a fixed HeaderPair (e.g. LiteLLM, Portkey). Used today by Bifrost: typical values are `x-bf-lh-netbird_user_id` (always-on log metadata) or `x-bf-dim-netbird_user_id` (Prometheus / OTEL — requires the label to be pre-declared in the gateway's `client.prometheus_labels` config).
+	IdentityHeaderUserId string `json:"identity_header_user_id"`
+
+	// MetadataDisabled Whether identity metadata injection is disabled for this provider. When enabled (the default), the proxy stamps the caller's user and authorizing group onto upstream requests as provider-specific metadata (e.g. AWS Bedrock's X-Amzn-Bedrock-Request-Metadata header). Set true to suppress it.
+	MetadataDisabled bool `json:"metadata_disabled"`
+
+	// Models Models exposed through this endpoint, with the operator's per-1k input/output prices. Empty means all catalog models are allowed at catalog prices.
+	Models []AgentNetworkProviderModel `json:"models"`
+
+	// Name Display name shown in the dashboard.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+
+	// ProviderId Catalog identifier for the upstream AI provider (e.g. openai_api, anthropic_api, azure_openai_api, bedrock_api, vertex_ai_api, mistral_api, custom).
+	ProviderId string `json:"provider_id"`
+
+	// SkipTlsVerification Whether upstream TLS certificate verification is skipped when the proxy dials this provider's URL. Intended for self-hosted / internal gateways behind a private or self-signed certificate.
+	SkipTlsVerification bool `json:"skip_tls_verification"`
+
+	// UpdatedAt Timestamp when the provider was last updated.
+	UpdatedAt *time.Time `json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
+
+	// UpstreamUrl Full upstream URL (with scheme) that NetBird forwards traffic to.
+	UpstreamUrl string `json:"upstream_url"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkProviderModel A model exposed by the provider, with the operator's per-1k input/output prices in USD.
+type AgentNetworkProviderModel struct {
+	// CacheCreationPer1k Anthropic-shape cache rate — cost per 1k cache-creation tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Omitted means inherit NetBird's default rate for this model when one exists; 0 means cache writes bill at input_per_1k.
+	CacheCreationPer1k *float64 `json:"cache_creation_per_1k,omitempty"`
+
+	// CacheReadPer1k Anthropic-shape cache rate — cost per 1k cache-read tokens (additive to input tokens), in USD. Omitted means inherit NetBird's default rate for this model when one exists; 0 means cache reads bill at input_per_1k.
+	CacheReadPer1k *float64 `json:"cache_read_per_1k,omitempty"`
+
+	// CachedInputPer1k OpenAI-shape cache rate — cost per 1k cached prompt tokens (a subset of input tokens), in USD. Omitted means inherit NetBird's default rate for this model when one exists; 0 means no discount (cached tokens bill at input_per_1k).
+	CachedInputPer1k *float64 `json:"cached_input_per_1k,omitempty"`
+
+	// Id Model identifier (e.g. "gpt-4o-mini").
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// InputPer1k Cost per 1k input tokens, in USD.
+	InputPer1k float64 `json:"input_per_1k"`
+
+	// OutputPer1k Cost per 1k output tokens, in USD.
+	OutputPer1k float64 `json:"output_per_1k"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkProviderRequest defines model for AgentNetworkProviderRequest.
+type AgentNetworkProviderRequest struct {
+	// ApiKey Upstream provider API key. Sealed at rest on the management server and never returned in responses. Required on create; optional on update (omit to keep the existing key).
+	ApiKey *string `json:"api_key,omitempty"`
+
+	// Enabled Whether the provider is enabled. Defaults to true on create.
+	Enabled *bool `json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+
+	// ExtraValues Operator-typed values for catalog-declared extra headers (see AgentNetworkProvider.extra_values). The request's map replaces the stored values; empty strings drop the corresponding key.
+	ExtraValues *map[string]string `json:"extra_values,omitempty"`
+
+	// IdentityHeaderGroups Wire header name for the caller's groups CSV. See AgentNetworkProvider.identity_header_groups. Same semantics as `identity_header_user_id`.
+	IdentityHeaderGroups *string `json:"identity_header_groups,omitempty"`
+
+	// IdentityHeaderUserId Wire header name for the caller's display identity. See AgentNetworkProvider.identity_header_user_id. Empty or omitted disables stamping for this dimension.
+	IdentityHeaderUserId *string `json:"identity_header_user_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// MetadataDisabled Disable identity metadata injection (the caller's user + authorizing group) for this provider. Defaults to false (metadata is injected).
+	MetadataDisabled *bool `json:"metadata_disabled,omitempty"`
+
+	// Models Models exposed through this endpoint, with the operator's per-1k input/output prices. Empty means all catalog models are allowed at catalog prices.
+	Models *[]AgentNetworkProviderModel `json:"models,omitempty"`
+
+	// Name Display name for the provider.
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+
+	// ProviderId Catalog identifier for the upstream AI provider (e.g. openai_api, anthropic_api, azure_openai_api, bedrock_api, vertex_ai_api, mistral_api, custom).
+	ProviderId string `json:"provider_id"`
+
+	// SkipTlsVerification Skip upstream TLS certificate verification when the proxy dials this provider's URL. For self-hosted / internal gateways behind a private or self-signed certificate. Defaults to false.
+	SkipTlsVerification *bool `json:"skip_tls_verification,omitempty"`
+
+	// UpstreamUrl Full upstream URL (with scheme) that NetBird forwards traffic to.
+	UpstreamUrl string `json:"upstream_url"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkSettings Per-account Agent Network gateway settings. One row per account; endpoint and proxy_address are assigned at bootstrap (POST) and immutable thereafter. Before bootstrap the account reads as the default values with empty endpoint and proxy_address.
+type AgentNetworkSettings struct {
+	// AccessLogRetentionDays Days to retain full access-log rows; older rows are swept. 0 or less means keep indefinitely. Usage records are retained independently.
+	AccessLogRetentionDays *int `json:"access_log_retention_days,omitempty"`
+
+	// CreatedAt Timestamp when the settings row was created. Absent until the account is bootstrapped.
+	CreatedAt *time.Time `json:"created_at,omitempty"`
+
+	// Dedicated Whether the account's gateway is served by a proxy dedicated to it (endpoint equals proxy_address).
+	Dedicated bool `json:"dedicated"`
+
+	// EnableLogCollection Whether per-request access-log entries are collected for this account's agent-network traffic.
+	EnableLogCollection bool `json:"enable_log_collection"`
+
+	// EnablePromptCollection Master switch for request/response prompt capture. Capture runs only when this is on AND a policy guardrail also enables it.
+	EnablePromptCollection bool `json:"enable_prompt_collection"`
+
+	// Endpoint Bare hostname agents call for this account. Empty until the account is bootstrapped.
+	Endpoint string `json:"endpoint"`
+
+	// ProxyAddress Declared cluster address of the proxy serving this account's gateway. Equal to `endpoint` when a dedicated proxy serves the account; otherwise the endpoint's immediate parent (a shared cluster the endpoint hangs one label beneath). Empty until the account is bootstrapped.
+	ProxyAddress string `json:"proxy_address"`
+
+	// RedactPii Whether captured prompts have PII redacted. Effective redaction is the OR of this and any policy guardrail's redact setting.
+	RedactPii bool `json:"redact_pii"`
+
+	// UpdatedAt Timestamp when the settings row was last updated. Absent until the account is bootstrapped.
+	UpdatedAt *time.Time `json:"updated_at,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest Bootstraps the per-account Agent Network settings row, assigning the account's immutable endpoint. Exactly one of `proxy_address` and `endpoint` must be provided. `proxy_address` requests a labeled endpoint — the server allocates a label and the endpoint becomes `<label>.<proxy_address>`, served by whichever proxy declares that parent address. `endpoint` claims the given hostname itself as a self-addressed (dedicated) endpoint, served only by a proxy declaring exactly that address — the claim is legitimate before the proxy exists (address-first). Collection toggles may ride along; omitted toggles take their defaults.
+type AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest struct {
+	// AccessLogRetentionDays Days to retain full access-log rows; older rows are swept. 0 or less means keep indefinitely. Defaults to 30.
+	AccessLogRetentionDays *int `json:"access_log_retention_days,omitempty"`
+
+	// EnableLogCollection Whether per-request access-log entries are collected for this account's agent-network traffic. Defaults to true.
+	EnableLogCollection *bool `json:"enable_log_collection,omitempty"`
+
+	// EnablePromptCollection Master switch for request/response prompt capture. Defaults to false.
+	EnablePromptCollection *bool `json:"enable_prompt_collection,omitempty"`
+
+	// Endpoint Hostname to claim as the account's self-addressed (dedicated) endpoint. Mutually exclusive with `proxy_address`. Rejected when another account already holds it.
+	Endpoint *string `json:"endpoint,omitempty"`
+
+	// ProxyAddress Cluster address to allocate a labeled endpoint beneath. Mutually exclusive with `endpoint`.
+	ProxyAddress *string `json:"proxy_address,omitempty"`
+
+	// RedactPii Whether captured prompts have PII redacted. Defaults to false.
+	RedactPii *bool `json:"redact_pii,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkSettingsRequest Account-level Agent Network settings update. Every field is required, matching the PUT convention of the other endpoints. The endpoint and proxy address are assigned at bootstrap (POST) and are immutable — the request must carry them unchanged, and a request carrying different values is rejected. To change them, delete the settings (DELETE, guarded) and bootstrap again; re-creating allocates a new endpoint.
+type AgentNetworkSettingsRequest struct {
+	// AccessLogRetentionDays Days to retain full access-log rows; older rows are swept. 0 or less means keep indefinitely.
+	AccessLogRetentionDays int `json:"access_log_retention_days"`
+
+	// EnableLogCollection Whether per-request access-log entries are collected for this account's agent-network traffic.
+	EnableLogCollection bool `json:"enable_log_collection"`
+
+	// EnablePromptCollection Master switch for request/response prompt capture.
+	EnablePromptCollection bool `json:"enable_prompt_collection"`
+
+	// Endpoint The account's gateway endpoint hostname. Immutable — must match the assigned value; a different value is rejected.
+	Endpoint string `json:"endpoint"`
+
+	// ProxyAddress Declared cluster address of the proxy serving this account's gateway. Immutable — must match the assigned value; a different value is rejected.
+	ProxyAddress string `json:"proxy_address"`
+
+	// RedactPii Whether captured prompts have PII redacted.
+	RedactPii bool `json:"redact_pii"`
+}
+
+// AgentNetworkUsageBucket One aggregated agent-network usage time bucket (UTC). The bucket width is set by the request's granularity.
+type AgentNetworkUsageBucket struct {
+	// CacheCostUsd Portion of cost_usd billed for prompt-cache usage in the bucket.
+	CacheCostUsd float64 `json:"cache_cost_usd"`
+
+	// CacheCreationCostUsd Total cost of prompt-cache write tokens in the bucket.
+	CacheCreationCostUsd float64 `json:"cache_creation_cost_usd"`
+
+	// CacheCreationTokens Total prompt-cache write tokens in the bucket.
+	CacheCreationTokens int64 `json:"cache_creation_tokens"`
+
+	// CachedInputCostUsd Total cost of prompt-cache read tokens in the bucket.
+	CachedInputCostUsd float64 `json:"cached_input_cost_usd"`
+
+	// CachedInputTokens Total prompt-cache read tokens in the bucket.
+	CachedInputTokens int64 `json:"cached_input_tokens"`
+
+	// CostUsd Total estimated USD spend in the bucket.
+	CostUsd float64 `json:"cost_usd"`
+
+	// InputCostUsd Total cost of non-cached input tokens in the bucket.
+	InputCostUsd float64 `json:"input_cost_usd"`
+
+	// InputTokens Total input (prompt) tokens in the bucket.
+	InputTokens int64 `json:"input_tokens"`
+
+	// OutputCostUsd Total cost of output tokens in the bucket.
+	OutputCostUsd float64 `json:"output_cost_usd"`
+
+	// OutputTokens Total output (completion) tokens in the bucket.
+	OutputTokens int64 `json:"output_tokens"`
+
+	// PeriodStart Start of the bucket in YYYY-MM-DD (UTC) — the day, the week start (Monday), or the month start, depending on granularity.
+	PeriodStart string `json:"period_start"`
+
+	// TotalTokens Total tokens in the bucket, including prompt-cache tokens.
+	TotalTokens int64 `json:"total_tokens"`
+}
+
 // AvailablePorts defines model for AvailablePorts.
 type AvailablePorts struct {
 	// Tcp Number of available TCP  ports left on the ingress peer
@@ -1561,6 +2653,9 @@ type BundleParameters struct {
 	// Anonymize Whether sensitive data should be anonymized in the bundle.
 	Anonymize bool `json:"anonymize"`
 
+	// AnonymizeLevel How much the anonymizer redacts. "default" (or empty) keeps internal IP ranges, "strict" also anonymizes them.
+	AnonymizeLevel *string `json:"anonymize_level,omitempty"`
+
 	// BundleFor Whether to generate a bundle for the given timeframe.
 	BundleFor bool `json:"bundle_for"`
 
@@ -1569,6 +2664,9 @@ type BundleParameters struct {
 
 	// LogFileCount Maximum number of log files to include in the bundle.
 	LogFileCount int `json:"log_file_count"`
+
+	// UploadUrl Service URL the client requests an upload URL from before uploading the bundle. Empty selects the default upload server.
+	UploadUrl *string `json:"upload_url,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // BundleResult defines model for BundleResult.
@@ -1623,7 +2721,9 @@ type Checks struct {
 	// OsVersionCheck Posture check for the version of operating system
 	OsVersionCheck *OSVersionCheck `json:"os_version_check,omitempty"`
 
-	// PeerNetworkRangeCheck Posture check for allow or deny access based on peer local network addresses
+	// PeerNetworkRangeCheck Posture check for allow or deny access based on the peer's IP addresses. A range matches when it
+	// contains any of the peer's local network interface IPs or its public connection (NAT egress) IP,
+	// so ranges may target private subnets, public CIDRs, or single hosts via a /32 or /128.
 	PeerNetworkRangeCheck *PeerNetworkRangeCheck `json:"peer_network_range_check,omitempty"`
 
 	// ProcessCheck Posture Check for binaries exist and are running in the peer’s system
@@ -1908,7 +3008,7 @@ type EDRFleetDMRequest struct {
 	// LastSyncedInterval The devices last sync requirement interval in hours. Minimum value is 24 hours
 	LastSyncedInterval int `json:"last_synced_interval"`
 
-	// MatchAttributes Attribute conditions to match when approving FleetDM hosts. Most attributes work with FleetDM's free/open-source version. Premium-only attributes are marked accordingly
+	// MatchAttributes Attribute conditions to match when approving FleetDM hosts. Most attributes work with FleetDM's free/open source version. Premium-only attributes are marked accordingly
 	MatchAttributes FleetDMMatchAttributes `json:"match_attributes"`
 }
 
@@ -1941,7 +3041,7 @@ type EDRFleetDMResponse struct {
 	// LastSyncedInterval The devices last sync requirement interval in hours.
 	LastSyncedInterval int `json:"last_synced_interval"`
 
-	// MatchAttributes Attribute conditions to match when approving FleetDM hosts. Most attributes work with FleetDM's free/open-source version. Premium-only attributes are marked accordingly
+	// MatchAttributes Attribute conditions to match when approving FleetDM hosts. Most attributes work with FleetDM's free/open source version. Premium-only attributes are marked accordingly
 	MatchAttributes FleetDMMatchAttributes `json:"match_attributes"`
 
 	// UpdatedAt Timestamp of when the integration was last updated.
@@ -2161,7 +3261,7 @@ type Event struct {
 // EventActivityCode The string code of the activity that occurred during the event
 type EventActivityCode string
 
-// FleetDMMatchAttributes Attribute conditions to match when approving FleetDM hosts. Most attributes work with FleetDM's free/open-source version. Premium-only attributes are marked accordingly
+// FleetDMMatchAttributes Attribute conditions to match when approving FleetDM hosts. Most attributes work with FleetDM's free/open source version. Premium-only attributes are marked accordingly
 type FleetDMMatchAttributes struct {
 	// DiskEncryptionEnabled Whether disk encryption (FileVault/BitLocker) must be enabled on the host
 	DiskEncryptionEnabled *bool `json:"disk_encryption_enabled,omitempty"`
@@ -2867,9 +3967,18 @@ type NetworkTrafficEvent struct {
 	Events []NetworkTrafficSubEvent `json:"events"`
 
 	// FlowId FlowID is the ID of the connection flow. Not unique because it can be the same for multiple events (e.g., start and end of the connection).
-	FlowId string               `json:"flow_id"`
-	Icmp   NetworkTrafficICMP   `json:"icmp"`
-	Policy NetworkTrafficPolicy `json:"policy"`
+	FlowId string             `json:"flow_id"`
+	Icmp   NetworkTrafficICMP `json:"icmp"`
+
+	// NumOfDrops Number of drop events.
+	NumOfDrops int `json:"num_of_drops"`
+
+	// NumOfEnds Number of end events.
+	NumOfEnds int `json:"num_of_ends"`
+
+	// NumOfStarts Number of start events.
+	NumOfStarts int                  `json:"num_of_starts"`
+	Policy      NetworkTrafficPolicy `json:"policy"`
 
 	// Protocol Protocol is the protocol of the traffic (e.g. 1 = ICMP, 6 = TCP, 17 = UDP, etc.).
 	Protocol int `json:"protocol"`
@@ -2890,6 +3999,12 @@ type NetworkTrafficEvent struct {
 	// TxPackets Number of packets transmitted.
 	TxPackets int                `json:"tx_packets"`
 	User      NetworkTrafficUser `json:"user"`
+
+	// WindowEnd Timestamp of the end of the aggregation window.
+	WindowEnd time.Time `json:"window_end"`
+
+	// WindowStart Timestamp of the start of the aggregation window.
+	WindowStart time.Time `json:"window_start"`
 }
 
 // NetworkTrafficEventsResponse defines model for NetworkTrafficEventsResponse.
@@ -3138,6 +4253,9 @@ type Peer struct {
 	// Ip Peer's IP address
 	Ip string `json:"ip"`
 
+	// Ipv6 Peer's IPv6 overlay address
+	Ipv6 *string `json:"ipv6,omitempty"`
+
 	// KernelVersion Peer's operating system kernel version
 	KernelVersion string `json:"kernel_version"`
 
@@ -3229,6 +4347,9 @@ type PeerBatch struct {
 	// Ip Peer's IP address
 	Ip string `json:"ip"`
 
+	// Ipv6 Peer's IPv6 overlay address
+	Ipv6 *string `json:"ipv6,omitempty"`
+
 	// KernelVersion Peer's operating system kernel version
 	KernelVersion string `json:"kernel_version"`
 
@@ -3290,6 +4411,9 @@ type PeerLocalFlags struct {
 	// LazyConnectionEnabled Indicates whether lazy connection is enabled on this peer
 	LazyConnectionEnabled *bool `json:"lazy_connection_enabled,omitempty"`
 
+	// RemoteJobsAllowed Indicates whether the peer has opted into management-requested remote jobs (e.g. debug bundles)
+	RemoteJobsAllowed *bool `json:"remote_jobs_allowed,omitempty"`
+
 	// RosenpassEnabled Indicates whether Rosenpass is enabled on this peer
 	RosenpassEnabled *bool `json:"rosenpass_enabled,omitempty"`
 
@@ -3309,12 +4433,14 @@ type PeerMinimum struct {
 	Name string `json:"name"`
 }
 
-// PeerNetworkRangeCheck Posture check for allow or deny access based on peer local network addresses
+// PeerNetworkRangeCheck Posture check for allow or deny access based on the peer's IP addresses. A range matches when it
+// contains any of the peer's local network interface IPs or its public connection (NAT egress) IP,
+// so ranges may target private subnets, public CIDRs, or single hosts via a /32 or /128.
 type PeerNetworkRangeCheck struct {
 	// Action Action to take upon policy match
 	Action PeerNetworkRangeCheckAction `json:"action"`
 
-	// Ranges List of peer network ranges in CIDR notation
+	// Ranges List of network ranges in CIDR notation, matched against the peer's local interface IPs and its public connection IP
 	Ranges []string `json:"ranges"`
 }
 
@@ -3328,7 +4454,10 @@ type PeerRequest struct {
 	InactivityExpirationEnabled bool  `json:"inactivity_expiration_enabled"`
 
 	// Ip Peer's IP address
-	Ip                     *string `json:"ip,omitempty"`
+	Ip *string `json:"ip,omitempty"`
+
+	// Ipv6 Peer's IPv6 overlay address. Omitted if IPv6 is not enabled for the account.
+	Ipv6                   *string `json:"ipv6,omitempty"`
 	LoginExpirationEnabled bool    `json:"login_expiration_enabled"`
 	Name                   string  `json:"name"`
 	SshEnabled             bool    `json:"ssh_enabled"`
@@ -3474,10 +4603,10 @@ type PolicyRule struct {
 	// Name Policy rule name identifier
 	Name string `json:"name"`
 
-	// PortRanges Policy rule affected ports ranges list
+	// PortRanges Policy rule affected ports ranges list. Mutually exclusive with `ports`. To mix individual ports with ranges in one rule, express each single port as a range with identical start and end values (for example, start 443, end 443).
 	PortRanges *[]RulePortRange `json:"port_ranges,omitempty"`
 
-	// Ports Policy rule affected ports
+	// Ports Policy rule affected ports. Mutually exclusive with `port_ranges`. A rule accepts either individual ports or port ranges, not both.
 	Ports *[]string `json:"ports,omitempty"`
 
 	// Protocol Policy rule type of the traffic
@@ -3514,10 +4643,10 @@ type PolicyRuleMinimum struct {
 	// Name Policy rule name identifier
 	Name string `json:"name"`
 
-	// PortRanges Policy rule affected ports ranges list
+	// PortRanges Policy rule affected ports ranges list. Mutually exclusive with `ports`. To mix individual ports with ranges in one rule, express each single port as a range with identical start and end values (for example, start 443, end 443).
 	PortRanges *[]RulePortRange `json:"port_ranges,omitempty"`
 
-	// Ports Policy rule affected ports
+	// Ports Policy rule affected ports. Mutually exclusive with `port_ranges`. A rule accepts either individual ports or port ranges, not both.
 	Ports *[]string `json:"ports,omitempty"`
 
 	// Protocol Policy rule type of the traffic
@@ -3557,10 +4686,10 @@ type PolicyRuleUpdate struct {
 	// Name Policy rule name identifier
 	Name string `json:"name"`
 
-	// PortRanges Policy rule affected ports ranges list
+	// PortRanges Policy rule affected ports ranges list. Mutually exclusive with `ports`. To mix individual ports with ranges in one rule, express each single port as a range with identical start and end values (for example, start 443, end 443).
 	PortRanges *[]RulePortRange `json:"port_ranges,omitempty"`
 
-	// Ports Policy rule affected ports
+	// Ports Policy rule affected ports. Mutually exclusive with `port_ranges`. A rule accepts either individual ports or port ranges, not both.
 	Ports *[]string `json:"ports,omitempty"`
 
 	// Protocol Policy rule type of the traffic
@@ -3764,8 +4893,66 @@ type ProxyCluster struct {
 	// Address Cluster address used for CNAME targets
 	Address string `json:"address"`
 
-	// ConnectedProxies Number of proxy nodes connected in this cluster
+	// ConnectedProxies Number of proxy nodes currently connected (heartbeat within the active window)
 	ConnectedProxies int `json:"connected_proxies"`
+
+	// Id Unique identifier of a proxy in this cluster
+	Id string `json:"id"`
+
+	// Online Whether at least one proxy in the cluster has heartbeated within the active window
+	Online bool `json:"online"`
+
+	// Private True when at least one connected proxy in this cluster is running embedded in a netbird client (`netbird proxy`) and serving over a WireGuard tunnel. Lets the dashboard distinguish per-peer / private clusters from centralised ones.
+	Private *bool `json:"private,omitempty"`
+
+	// RequireSubdomain Whether services on this cluster must include a subdomain label
+	RequireSubdomain *bool `json:"require_subdomain,omitempty"`
+
+	// SupportsCrowdsec Whether all active proxies in the cluster have CrowdSec configured
+	SupportsCrowdsec *bool `json:"supports_crowdsec,omitempty"`
+
+	// SupportsCustomPorts Whether the cluster supports binding arbitrary TCP/UDP ports
+	SupportsCustomPorts *bool `json:"supports_custom_ports,omitempty"`
+
+	// Type Source of the proxy cluster. `account` clusters are owned and operated by the account (BYOP);
+	// `shared` clusters are operated by NetBird and shared across accounts.
+	Type ProxyClusterType `json:"type"`
+}
+
+// ProxyClusterType Source of the proxy cluster. `account` clusters are owned and operated by the account (BYOP);
+// `shared` clusters are operated by NetBird and shared across accounts.
+type ProxyClusterType string
+
+// ProxyToken defines model for ProxyToken.
+type ProxyToken struct {
+	CreatedAt time.Time  `json:"created_at"`
+	ExpiresAt *time.Time `json:"expires_at,omitempty"`
+	Id        string     `json:"id"`
+	LastUsed  *time.Time `json:"last_used,omitempty"`
+	Name      string     `json:"name"`
+	Revoked   bool       `json:"revoked"`
+}
+
+// ProxyTokenCreated defines model for ProxyTokenCreated.
+type ProxyTokenCreated struct {
+	CreatedAt time.Time  `json:"created_at"`
+	ExpiresAt *time.Time `json:"expires_at,omitempty"`
+	Id        string     `json:"id"`
+	LastUsed  *time.Time `json:"last_used,omitempty"`
+	Name      string     `json:"name"`
+
+	// PlainToken The plain text token (shown only once)
+	PlainToken string `json:"plain_token"`
+	Revoked    bool   `json:"revoked"`
+}
+
+// ProxyTokenRequest defines model for ProxyTokenRequest.
+type ProxyTokenRequest struct {
+	// ExpiresIn Token expiration in seconds (0 = never expires)
+	ExpiresIn *int `json:"expires_in,omitempty"`
+
+	// Name Human-readable token name
+	Name string `json:"name"`
 }
 
 // Resource defines model for Resource.
@@ -3795,6 +4982,9 @@ type ReverseProxyDomain struct {
 	// SupportsCustomPorts Whether the cluster supports binding arbitrary TCP/UDP ports
 	SupportsCustomPorts *bool `json:"supports_custom_ports,omitempty"`
 
+	// SupportsPrivate Whether the proxy cluster supports private (NetBird-only) services. True when at least one connected proxy in the cluster runs embedded in a netbird client.
+	SupportsPrivate *bool `json:"supports_private,omitempty"`
+
 	// TargetCluster The proxy cluster this domain is validated against (only for custom domains)
 	TargetCluster *string `json:"target_cluster,omitempty"`
 
@@ -3907,7 +5097,7 @@ type RouteRequest struct {
 	SkipAutoApply *bool `json:"skip_auto_apply,omitempty"`
 }
 
-// RulePortRange Policy rule affected ports range
+// RulePortRange Policy rule affected ports range. A range with identical start and end values represents a single port.
 type RulePortRange struct {
 	// End The ending port of the range
 	End int `json:"end"`
@@ -3984,6 +5174,9 @@ type SentinelOneMatchAttributesNetworkStatus string
 
 // Service defines model for Service.
 type Service struct {
+	// AccessGroups NetBird group IDs whose peers may reach this private service over the tunnel. Required when private=true; ignored otherwise. Mutually exclusive with bearer auth (SSO).
+	AccessGroups *[]string `json:"access_groups,omitempty"`
+
 	// AccessRestrictions Connection-level access restrictions based on IP address or geography. Applies to both HTTP and L4 services.
 	AccessRestrictions *AccessRestrictions `json:"access_restrictions,omitempty"`
 	Auth               ServiceAuthConfig   `json:"auth"`
@@ -4013,6 +5206,9 @@ type Service struct {
 	// PortAutoAssigned Whether the listen port was auto-assigned
 	PortAutoAssigned *bool `json:"port_auto_assigned,omitempty"`
 
+	// Private When true, the service is NetBird-only — its target points at a proxy cluster, inbound peers authenticate via their WireGuard tunnel identity (no OIDC), and an ACL policy is auto-generated from access_groups to the cluster's proxy-peer group. Requires mode=http.
+	Private *bool `json:"private,omitempty"`
+
 	// ProxyCluster The proxy cluster handling this service (derived from domain)
 	ProxyCluster *string `json:"proxy_cluster,omitempty"`
 
@@ -4055,6 +5251,9 @@ type ServiceMetaStatus string
 
 // ServiceRequest defines model for ServiceRequest.
 type ServiceRequest struct {
+	// AccessGroups NetBird group IDs whose peers may reach this private service over the tunnel. Required when private=true; ignored otherwise. Mutually exclusive with bearer auth (SSO).
+	AccessGroups *[]string `json:"access_groups,omitempty"`
+
 	// AccessRestrictions Connection-level access restrictions based on IP address or geography. Applies to both HTTP and L4 services.
 	AccessRestrictions *AccessRestrictions `json:"access_restrictions,omitempty"`
 	Auth               *ServiceAuthConfig  `json:"auth,omitempty"`
@@ -4077,6 +5276,9 @@ type ServiceRequest struct {
 	// PassHostHeader When true, the original client Host header is passed through to the backend instead of being rewritten to the backend's address
 	PassHostHeader *bool `json:"pass_host_header,omitempty"`
 
+	// Private When true, the service is NetBird-only — its target points at a proxy cluster, inbound peers authenticate via their WireGuard tunnel identity (no OIDC), and an ACL policy is auto-generated from access_groups to the cluster's proxy-peer group. Requires mode=http.
+	Private *bool `json:"private,omitempty"`
+
 	// RewriteRedirects When true, Location headers in backend responses are rewritten to replace the backend address with the public-facing domain
 	RewriteRedirects *bool `json:"rewrite_redirects,omitempty"`
 
@@ -4123,6 +5325,12 @@ type ServiceTargetOptions struct {
 	// CustomHeaders Extra headers sent to the backend. Hop-by-hop and proxy-managed headers (Host, Connection, Transfer-Encoding, etc.) are rejected.
 	CustomHeaders *map[string]string `json:"custom_headers,omitempty"`
 
+	// DirectUpstream When true, the proxy dials this target via the host's network stack
+	// instead of through its embedded NetBird client. Use for upstreams
+	// reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+	// sidecars).
+	DirectUpstream *bool `json:"direct_upstream,omitempty"`
+
 	// PathRewrite Controls how the request path is rewritten before forwarding to the backend. Default strips the matched prefix. "preserve" keeps the full original request path.
 	PathRewrite *ServiceTargetOptionsPathRewrite `json:"path_rewrite,omitempty"`
 
@@ -4294,6 +5502,9 @@ type SetupKeyRequest struct {
 
 // SetupRequest Request to set up the initial admin user
 type SetupRequest struct {
+	// CreatePat If true and the server has setup-time PAT issuance enabled (NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED=true), create a Personal Access Token for the new owner user and return it in the response. Ignored when the server feature is disabled.
+	CreatePat *bool `json:"create_pat,omitempty"`
+
 	// Email Email address for the admin user
 	Email string `json:"email"`
 
@@ -4302,6 +5513,9 @@ type SetupRequest struct {
 
 	// Password Password for the admin user (minimum 8 characters)
 	Password string `json:"password"`
+
+	// PatExpireIn Expiration of the Personal Access Token in days. Applies only when create_pat is true and the server feature is enabled. Defaults to 1 day when omitted.
+	PatExpireIn *int `json:"pat_expire_in,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // SetupResponse Response after successful instance setup
@@ -4309,6 +5523,9 @@ type SetupResponse struct {
 	// Email Email address of the created user
 	Email string `json:"email"`
 
+	// PersonalAccessToken Plain text Personal Access Token created during setup. Present only when create_pat was requested and the NB_SETUP_PAT_ENABLED feature was enabled on the server.
+	PersonalAccessToken *string `json:"personal_access_token,omitempty"`
+
 	// UserId The ID of the created user
 	UserId string `json:"user_id"`
 }
@@ -4749,6 +5966,144 @@ type ZoneRequest struct {
 // Conflict Standard error response. Note: The exact structure of this error response is inferred from `util.WriteErrorResponse` and `util.WriteError` usage in the provided Go code, as a specific Go struct for errors was not provided.
 type Conflict = ErrorResponse
 
+// bearerAuthContextKey is the context key for BearerAuth security scheme
+type bearerAuthContextKey string
+
+// tokenAuthContextKey is the context key for TokenAuth security scheme
+type tokenAuthContextKey string
+
+// GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParams defines parameters for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions.
+type GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParams struct {
+	// Page Page number for pagination (1-indexed).
+	Page *int `form:"page,omitempty" json:"page,omitempty"`
+
+	// PageSize Number of sessions per page (max 100).
+	PageSize *int `form:"page_size,omitempty" json:"page_size,omitempty"`
+
+	// SortBy Session-level field to sort by. "timestamp" is the session's last activity, "started_at" its first.
+	SortBy *GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy `form:"sort_by,omitempty" json:"sort_by,omitempty"`
+
+	// SortOrder Sort order (ascending or descending).
+	SortOrder *GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrder `form:"sort_order,omitempty" json:"sort_order,omitempty"`
+
+	// Search General search across log ID, host, path, model, and user email/name.
+	Search *string `form:"search,omitempty" json:"search,omitempty"`
+
+	// UserId Filter by authenticated user ID.
+	UserId *string `form:"user_id,omitempty" json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// SessionId Filter to a single conversation / coding session id.
+	SessionId *string `form:"session_id,omitempty" json:"session_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// GroupId Filter by authorising group id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+	GroupId *[]string `form:"group_id,omitempty" json:"group_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// ProviderId Filter by resolved provider id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+	ProviderId *[]string `form:"provider_id,omitempty" json:"provider_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// Model Filter by model. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+	Model *[]string `form:"model,omitempty" json:"model,omitempty"`
+
+	// Decision Filter by policy decision (e.g. allow, deny).
+	Decision *string `form:"decision,omitempty" json:"decision,omitempty"`
+
+	// Path Filter by request path prefix (matches entries whose path starts with this value).
+	Path *string `form:"path,omitempty" json:"path,omitempty"`
+
+	// StartDate Filter by timestamp >= start_date (RFC3339 format).
+	StartDate *time.Time `form:"start_date,omitempty" json:"start_date,omitempty"`
+
+	// EndDate Filter by timestamp <= end_date (RFC3339 format).
+	EndDate *time.Time `form:"end_date,omitempty" json:"end_date,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy defines parameters for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions.
+type GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortBy string
+
+// GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrder defines parameters for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessions.
+type GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogSessionsParamsSortOrder string
+
+// GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParams defines parameters for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogs.
+type GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParams struct {
+	// Page Page number for pagination (1-indexed).
+	Page *int `form:"page,omitempty" json:"page,omitempty"`
+
+	// PageSize Number of items per page (max 100).
+	PageSize *int `form:"page_size,omitempty" json:"page_size,omitempty"`
+
+	// SortBy Field to sort by.
+	SortBy *GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy `form:"sort_by,omitempty" json:"sort_by,omitempty"`
+
+	// SortOrder Sort order (ascending or descending).
+	SortOrder *GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrder `form:"sort_order,omitempty" json:"sort_order,omitempty"`
+
+	// Search General search across log ID, host, path, model, and user email/name.
+	Search *string `form:"search,omitempty" json:"search,omitempty"`
+
+	// UserId Filter by authenticated user ID.
+	UserId *string `form:"user_id,omitempty" json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// SessionId Filter to a single conversation / coding session id (groups all requests of one session).
+	SessionId *string `form:"session_id,omitempty" json:"session_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// GroupId Filter by authorising group id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+	GroupId *[]string `form:"group_id,omitempty" json:"group_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// ProviderId Filter by resolved provider id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+	ProviderId *[]string `form:"provider_id,omitempty" json:"provider_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// Model Filter by model. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+	Model *[]string `form:"model,omitempty" json:"model,omitempty"`
+
+	// Decision Filter by policy decision (e.g. allow, deny).
+	Decision *string `form:"decision,omitempty" json:"decision,omitempty"`
+
+	// Path Filter by request path prefix (matches entries whose path starts with this value).
+	Path *string `form:"path,omitempty" json:"path,omitempty"`
+
+	// StartDate Filter by timestamp >= start_date (RFC3339 format).
+	StartDate *time.Time `form:"start_date,omitempty" json:"start_date,omitempty"`
+
+	// EndDate Filter by timestamp <= end_date (RFC3339 format).
+	EndDate *time.Time `form:"end_date,omitempty" json:"end_date,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy defines parameters for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogs.
+type GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortBy string
+
+// GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrder defines parameters for GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogs.
+type GetApiAgentNetworkAccessLogsParamsSortOrder string
+
+// GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParams defines parameters for GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverview.
+type GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParams struct {
+	// Granularity Time bucket width. Defaults to day.
+	Granularity *GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularity `form:"granularity,omitempty" json:"granularity,omitempty"`
+
+	// StartDate Filter by timestamp >= start_date (RFC3339 format).
+	StartDate *time.Time `form:"start_date,omitempty" json:"start_date,omitempty"`
+
+	// EndDate Filter by timestamp <= end_date (RFC3339 format).
+	EndDate *time.Time `form:"end_date,omitempty" json:"end_date,omitempty"`
+
+	// UserId Filter by user ID.
+	UserId *string `form:"user_id,omitempty" json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// SessionId Filter to a single conversation / coding session id.
+	SessionId *string `form:"session_id,omitempty" json:"session_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// GroupId Filter by authorising group id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+	GroupId *[]string `form:"group_id,omitempty" json:"group_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// ProviderId Filter by resolved provider id. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+	ProviderId *[]string `form:"provider_id,omitempty" json:"provider_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// Model Filter by model. Repeat for multiple (matches any).
+	Model *[]string `form:"model,omitempty" json:"model,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularity defines parameters for GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverview.
+type GetApiAgentNetworkUsageOverviewParamsGranularity string
+
 // GetApiEventsNetworkTrafficParams defines parameters for GetApiEventsNetworkTraffic.
 type GetApiEventsNetworkTrafficParams struct {
 	// Page Page number
@@ -4763,6 +6118,12 @@ type GetApiEventsNetworkTrafficParams struct {
 	// ReporterId Filter by reporter ID
 	ReporterId *string `form:"reporter_id,omitempty" json:"reporter_id,omitempty"`
 
+	// SourceId Filter by source endpoint ID
+	SourceId *string `form:"source_id,omitempty" json:"source_id,omitempty"`
+
+	// DestinationId Filter by destination endpoint ID
+	DestinationId *string `form:"destination_id,omitempty" json:"destination_id,omitempty"`
+
 	// Protocol Filter by protocol
 	Protocol *int `form:"protocol,omitempty" json:"protocol,omitempty"`
 
@@ -4947,6 +6308,39 @@ type GetApiUsersParams struct {
 // PutApiAccountsAccountIdJSONRequestBody defines body for PutApiAccountsAccountId for application/json ContentType.
 type PutApiAccountsAccountIdJSONRequestBody = AccountRequest
 
+// PostApiAgentNetworkBudgetRulesJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiAgentNetworkBudgetRules for application/json ContentType.
+type PostApiAgentNetworkBudgetRulesJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest
+
+// PutApiAgentNetworkBudgetRulesRuleIdJSONRequestBody defines body for PutApiAgentNetworkBudgetRulesRuleId for application/json ContentType.
+type PutApiAgentNetworkBudgetRulesRuleIdJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkBudgetRuleRequest
+
+// PostApiAgentNetworkCatalogProvidersModelsJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiAgentNetworkCatalogProvidersModels for application/json ContentType.
+type PostApiAgentNetworkCatalogProvidersModelsJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkModelDiscoveryRequest
+
+// PostApiAgentNetworkGuardrailsJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiAgentNetworkGuardrails for application/json ContentType.
+type PostApiAgentNetworkGuardrailsJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+
+// PutApiAgentNetworkGuardrailsGuardrailIdJSONRequestBody defines body for PutApiAgentNetworkGuardrailsGuardrailId for application/json ContentType.
+type PutApiAgentNetworkGuardrailsGuardrailIdJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkGuardrailRequest
+
+// PostApiAgentNetworkPoliciesJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiAgentNetworkPolicies for application/json ContentType.
+type PostApiAgentNetworkPoliciesJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkPolicyRequest
+
+// PutApiAgentNetworkPoliciesPolicyIdJSONRequestBody defines body for PutApiAgentNetworkPoliciesPolicyId for application/json ContentType.
+type PutApiAgentNetworkPoliciesPolicyIdJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkPolicyRequest
+
+// PostApiAgentNetworkProvidersJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiAgentNetworkProviders for application/json ContentType.
+type PostApiAgentNetworkProvidersJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkProviderRequest
+
+// PutApiAgentNetworkProvidersProviderIdJSONRequestBody defines body for PutApiAgentNetworkProvidersProviderId for application/json ContentType.
+type PutApiAgentNetworkProvidersProviderIdJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkProviderRequest
+
+// PostApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiAgentNetworkSettings for application/json ContentType.
+type PostApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkSettingsCreateRequest
+
+// PutApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody defines body for PutApiAgentNetworkSettings for application/json ContentType.
+type PutApiAgentNetworkSettingsJSONRequestBody = AgentNetworkSettingsRequest
+
 // PostApiDnsNameserversJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiDnsNameservers for application/json ContentType.
 type PostApiDnsNameserversJSONRequestBody = NameserverGroupRequest
 
@@ -5127,6 +6521,9 @@ type PutApiPostureChecksPostureCheckIdJSONRequestBody = PostureCheckUpdate
 // PostApiReverseProxiesDomainsJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiReverseProxiesDomains for application/json ContentType.
 type PostApiReverseProxiesDomainsJSONRequestBody = ReverseProxyDomainRequest
 
+// PostApiReverseProxiesProxyTokensJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiReverseProxiesProxyTokens for application/json ContentType.
+type PostApiReverseProxiesProxyTokensJSONRequestBody = ProxyTokenRequest
+
 // PostApiReverseProxiesServicesJSONRequestBody defines body for PostApiReverseProxiesServices for application/json ContentType.
 type PostApiReverseProxiesServicesJSONRequestBody = ServiceRequest
 
diff --git a/management/server/integration_reference/integration_reference.go b/shared/management/integration_reference/integration_reference.go
similarity index 100%
rename from management/server/integration_reference/integration_reference.go
rename to shared/management/integration_reference/integration_reference.go
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/decode.go b/shared/management/networkmap/decode.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cd45e417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/decode.go
@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+// DecodeEnvelope converts a NetworkMapEnvelope into a NetworkMapComponents
+// the client can run Calculate() over. Every ID-reference on the wire is a
+// xid from corresponding public_id field.
+//
+// ID scheme on the client side:
+//
+//	Peers              base64(wg_pub_key)          // stable across snapshots
+func DecodeEnvelope(ctx context.Context, env *proto.NetworkMapEnvelope) (*types.NetworkMapComponents, error) {
+	full := env.GetFull()
+	if full == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("envelope has no Full payload")
+	}
+
+	c := &types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		PeerID:              "", // engine fills its own peer id from PeerConfig
+		Network:             decodeAccountNetwork(full.Network),
+		AccountSettings:     decodeAccountSettings(full.AccountSettings),
+		CustomZoneDomain:    full.CustomZoneDomain,
+		Peers:               make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer, len(full.Peers)),
+		Groups:              make(map[string]*nmdata.Group, len(full.Groups)),
+		Policies:            make([]*nmdata.Policy, 0, len(full.Policies)),
+		Routes:              make([]*nmdata.Route, 0, len(full.Routes)),
+		NameServerGroups:    make([]*nmdata.NameServerGroup, 0, len(full.NameserverGroups)),
+		AllDNSRecords:       decodeSimpleRecords(full.AllDnsRecords),
+		AccountZones:        decodeCustomZones(full.AccountZones),
+		ResourcePoliciesMap: make(map[string][]*nmdata.Policy),
+		RoutersMap:          make(map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter),
+		NetworkResources:    make([]*nmdata.NetworkResource, 0, len(full.NetworkResources)),
+		RouterPeers:         make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer),
+		AllowedUserIDs:      stringSliceToSet(full.AllowedUserIds),
+		PostureFailedPeers:  make(map[string]map[string]struct{}, len(full.PostureFailedPeers)),
+		GroupIDToUserIDs:    make(map[string][]string, len(full.GroupIdToUserIds)),
+	}
+
+	if full.DnsSettings != nil {
+		c.DNSSettings = &nmdata.DNSSettings{
+			DisabledManagementGroups: full.DnsSettings.DisabledManagementGroupIds,
+		}
+	} else {
+		c.DNSSettings = &nmdata.DNSSettings{}
+	}
+
+	// Phase 1: peers. The envelope's peers slice is index-addressed on the
+	// wire; we re-key by the peer's WireGuard public key (base64) so the
+	// in-memory components struct uses a stable identifier across
+	// snapshots. peerIDByIndex lets downstream phases resolve wire indexes
+	// back to that key. A peer with a missing or malformed wg_pub_key is
+	// skipped (and its index keeps "" so any cross-reference falls into the
+	// same missing-peer branch downstream) — matches legacy behaviour, which
+	// degrades gracefully rather than aborting the whole sync on a single
+	// bad row.
+	peerIDByIndex := make([]string, len(full.Peers))
+	for idx, pc := range full.Peers {
+		if pc == nil {
+			log.Warnf("envelope: peers[%d] is nil, skipping", idx)
+			continue
+		}
+		if len(pc.WgPubKey) != 32 {
+			log.Warnf("envelope: peers[%d] wg_pub_key length %d (want 32), skipping", idx, len(pc.WgPubKey))
+			continue
+		}
+		peerID := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(pc.WgPubKey)
+		peer := decodePeerCompact(pc, peerID)
+		c.Peers[peerID] = peer
+		peerIDByIndex[idx] = peerID
+	}
+
+	// Phase 2: groups.
+	for i, gc := range full.Groups {
+		if gc == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid envelope: groups[%d] is nil", i)
+		}
+		groupID := gc.Id
+		peerIDs := make([]string, 0, len(gc.PeerIndexes))
+		for _, idx := range gc.PeerIndexes {
+			if int(idx) < len(peerIDByIndex) {
+				peerIDs = append(peerIDs, peerIDByIndex[idx])
+			} else {
+				log.WithField("peer idx", idx).Error("unrecognized peer idx during decoding")
+			}
+		}
+
+		fromCompactResources := func() []nmdata.Resource {
+			var toret []nmdata.Resource
+
+			for _, r := range gc.Resources {
+				res := resourceFromProto(r, peerIDByIndex)
+				if res == (nmdata.Resource{}) {
+					log.WithContext(ctx).Warnf("skipping invalid resource in group compact: %s", r.String())
+					continue
+				}
+				toret = append(toret, res)
+			}
+
+			return toret
+		}
+
+		group := &nmdata.Group{
+			PublicID:  gc.Id,
+			Peers:     peerIDs,
+			Resources: fromCompactResources(),
+		}
+		if gc.IsAll {
+			group.Name = nmdata.GroupAllName
+		}
+		c.Groups[groupID] = group
+	}
+
+	// Phase 3: policies (PolicyCompact = one rule per entry; current data
+	// model is 1 rule per policy).
+	policyByID := make(map[string]*nmdata.Policy, len(full.Policies))
+	for i, pc := range full.Policies {
+		if pc == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid envelope: policies[%d] is nil", i)
+		}
+		policy := decodePolicyCompact(pc, pc.Id, peerIDByIndex)
+		c.Policies = append(c.Policies, policy)
+		policyByID[pc.Id] = policy
+	}
+
+	// Phase 4: routes.
+	for i, rr := range full.Routes {
+		if rr == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid envelope: routes[%d] is nil", i)
+		}
+		c.Routes = append(c.Routes, decodeRouteRaw(rr, peerIDByIndex))
+	}
+
+	// Phase 5: NSGs.
+	for i, nsg := range full.NameserverGroups {
+		if nsg == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid envelope: nameserver_groups[%d] is nil", i)
+		}
+		c.NameServerGroups = append(c.NameServerGroups, decodeNameServerGroupRaw(nsg))
+	}
+
+	// Phase 6: network resources.
+	for i, nr := range full.NetworkResources {
+		if nr == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid envelope: network_resources[%d] is nil", i)
+		}
+		c.NetworkResources = append(c.NetworkResources, decodeNetworkResource(nr))
+	}
+
+	// Phase 7: routers_map (outer key = network seq id, inner key = peer-id
+	// reconstructed from peer_index). Synthesized network id is "net_<seq>".
+	for networkID, list := range full.RoutersMap {
+		inner := make(map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter, len(list.Entries))
+		for _, entry := range list.Entries {
+			if !entry.PeerIndexSet {
+				continue
+			}
+			if int(entry.PeerIndex) >= len(peerIDByIndex) {
+				log.WithField("peer idx", entry.PeerIndex).Error("unrecognized peer id when decoding router map")
+				continue
+			}
+			peerID := peerIDByIndex[entry.PeerIndex]
+			inner[peerID] = &nmdata.NetworkRouter{
+				PublicID:   entry.Id,
+				PeerGroups: entry.PeerGroupIds,
+				Masquerade: entry.Masquerade,
+				Metric:     int(entry.Metric),
+				Enabled:    entry.Enabled,
+			}
+		}
+		if len(inner) > 0 {
+			c.RoutersMap[networkID] = inner
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Phase 8: resource_policies_map (resource seq id → list of *types.Policy
+	// pointers from the decoded policies slice). Resource ID is synthesized
+	// the same way as in decodeNetworkResource.
+	for resourceID, ids := range full.ResourcePoliciesMap {
+		if len(ids.Ids) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		policies := make([]*nmdata.Policy, 0, len(ids.Ids))
+		for _, id := range ids.Ids {
+			if p, ok := policyByID[id]; ok {
+				policies = append(policies, p)
+			} else {
+				log.WithField("policy id", id).Error("unrecognized policy when decoding resource policies")
+			}
+		}
+		if len(policies) > 0 {
+			c.ResourcePoliciesMap[resourceID] = policies
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Phase 8: rebuild resource_policies_map
+	for _, r := range c.NetworkResources {
+		policies := policiesForNetworkResource(r.ID, c.Policies, c.Groups)
+		if len(policies) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		c.ResourcePoliciesMap[r.ID] = policies
+	}
+
+	// Phase 9: group_id_to_user_ids — wire keys are seq ids, synth to strings.
+	for groupId, list := range full.GroupIdToUserIds {
+		c.GroupIDToUserIDs[groupId] = append([]string(nil), list.UserIds...)
+	}
+
+	// Phase 10: posture_failed_peers — wire keys are posture-check seq ids,
+	// values are peer indexes that need to be turned into peer ids. PolicyRule
+	// SourcePostureChecks (also synth ids) reference the same key space.
+	for checkID, set := range full.PostureFailedPeers {
+		failed := make(map[string]struct{}, len(set.PeerIndexes))
+		for _, idx := range set.PeerIndexes {
+			if int(idx) < len(peerIDByIndex) {
+				failed[peerIDByIndex[idx]] = struct{}{}
+			} else {
+				log.WithField("peer idx", idx).Error("unrecognized peer when decoding posture failed peers")
+			}
+		}
+		if len(failed) > 0 {
+			c.PostureFailedPeers[checkID] = failed
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Phase 11: router_peer_indexes — peers that act as routers. They're
+	// already in c.Peers (router peers are appended to the global peers
+	// list by the encoder); RouterPeers is the subset.
+	for _, idx := range full.RouterPeerIndexes {
+		if int(idx) < len(peerIDByIndex) {
+			peerID := peerIDByIndex[idx]
+			c.RouterPeers[peerID] = c.Peers[peerID]
+		}
+	}
+
+	return c, nil
+}
+
+func networkResourceGroups(resourceId string, groups map[string]*nmdata.Group) []string {
+	var toret []string
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		for _, resource := range group.Resources {
+			if resource.ID == resourceId {
+				toret = append(toret, group.PublicID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return toret
+}
+
+func policiesForNetworkResource(resourceId string, allPolicies []*nmdata.Policy, groups map[string]*nmdata.Group) []*nmdata.Policy {
+	var toret []*nmdata.Policy
+
+	networkResourceGroups := networkResourceGroups(resourceId, groups)
+	for _, p := range allPolicies {
+		if p == nil || !p.Enabled || len(p.Rules) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// there's always only one rule in each policy
+		if p.Rules[0].DestinationResource.ID == resourceId {
+			toret = append(toret, p)
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, groupId := range networkResourceGroups {
+			if slices.Contains(p.Rules[0].Destinations, groupId) {
+				toret = append(toret, p)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return toret
+}
+
+// decodeAccountNetwork never returns nil — Calculate() dereferences
+// c.Network unconditionally, and servers that predate the fix omit the field
+// entirely from the empty-components envelope.
+func decodeAccountNetwork(an *proto.AccountNetwork) *nmdata.Network {
+	n := &nmdata.Network{}
+	if an == nil {
+		return n
+	}
+	n.Identifier = an.Identifier
+	n.Dns = an.Dns
+	n.Serial = int64(an.Serial)
+	if an.NetCidr != "" {
+		if _, ipnet, err := net.ParseCIDR(an.NetCidr); err == nil && ipnet != nil {
+			n.Net = *ipnet
+		}
+	}
+	if an.NetV6Cidr != "" {
+		if _, ipnet, err := net.ParseCIDR(an.NetV6Cidr); err == nil && ipnet != nil {
+			n.NetV6 = *ipnet
+		}
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
+func decodeAccountSettings(as *proto.AccountSettingsCompact) *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo {
+	if as == nil {
+		return &nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{}
+	}
+	return &nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{
+		PeerLoginExpirationEnabled: as.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled,
+		PeerLoginExpiration:        time.Duration(as.PeerLoginExpirationNs),
+	}
+}
+
+func decodePeerCompact(pc *proto.PeerCompact, peerID string) *nmdata.Peer {
+	var caps []int32
+	if pc.SupportsSourcePrefixes {
+		caps = append(caps, nmdata.PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes)
+	}
+	if pc.SupportsIpv6 {
+		caps = append(caps, nmdata.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay)
+	}
+	peer := &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:                     peerID,
+		Key:                    peerID,
+		SSHKey:                 string(pc.SshPubKey),
+		SSHEnabled:             pc.SshEnabled,
+		DNSLabel:               pc.DnsLabel,
+		LoginExpirationEnabled: pc.LoginExpirationEnabled,
+		ProxyMeta:              nmdata.ProxyMeta{Embedded: pc.ProxyEmbedded},
+		Meta: nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{
+			WtVersion:    pc.AgentVersion,
+			Capabilities: caps,
+			Flags: nmdata.Flags{
+				ServerSSHAllowed: pc.ServerSshAllowed,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	if pc.AddedWithSsoLogin {
+		// Set a non-empty UserID so (*Peer).AddedWithSSOLogin() returns true.
+		// The original UserID isn't on the wire; the value is intentionally
+		// visibly synthetic so any future consumer that mistakes UserID for a
+		// real account user xid won't silently match (or worse, write the
+		// sentinel into a downstream record).
+		peer.UserID = "<env-sso>"
+	}
+	if pc.LastLoginUnixNano != 0 {
+		t := time.Unix(0, pc.LastLoginUnixNano)
+		peer.LastLogin = &t
+	}
+	switch len(pc.Ip) {
+	case 4:
+		peer.IP = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{pc.Ip[0], pc.Ip[1], pc.Ip[2], pc.Ip[3]})
+	case 16:
+		var a [16]byte
+		copy(a[:], pc.Ip)
+		peer.IP = netip.AddrFrom16(a)
+	}
+	if len(pc.Ipv6) == 16 {
+		var a [16]byte
+		copy(a[:], pc.Ipv6)
+		peer.IPv6 = netip.AddrFrom16(a)
+	}
+	return peer
+}
+
+func decodePolicyCompact(pc *proto.PolicyCompact, policyID string, peerIDByIndex []string) *nmdata.Policy {
+	rule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{
+		ID:                  policyID, // 1 rule per policy → reuse synthesized id
+		PolicyID:            policyID,
+		Enabled:             true,
+		Action:              string(actionFromProto(pc.Action)),
+		Protocol:            string(protocolFromProto(pc.Protocol)),
+		Bidirectional:       pc.Bidirectional,
+		Ports:               uint32SliceToStrings(pc.Ports),
+		PortRanges:          portRangesFromProto(pc.PortRanges),
+		Sources:             pc.SourceGroupIds,
+		Destinations:        pc.DestinationGroupIds,
+		AuthorizedUser:      pc.AuthorizedUser,
+		AuthorizedGroups:    authorizedGroupsFromProto(pc.AuthorizedGroups),
+		SourceResource:      resourceFromProto(pc.SourceResource, peerIDByIndex),
+		DestinationResource: resourceFromProto(pc.DestinationResource, peerIDByIndex),
+	}
+	return &nmdata.Policy{
+		ID:                  policyID,
+		PublicID:            pc.Id,
+		Enabled:             true,
+		Rules:               []*nmdata.PolicyRule{rule},
+		SourcePostureChecks: pc.SourcePostureCheckIds,
+	}
+}
+
+// resourceFromProto rebuilds types.Resource. For peer-typed resources the
+// peer reference is reconstructed from the envelope's peer index — wire
+// format ships no xid for peers, so we use the synthesized peer id.
+func resourceFromProto(r *proto.ResourceCompact, peerIDByIndex []string) nmdata.Resource {
+	if r == nil || !types.ResourceType(r.Type).Valid() {
+		return nmdata.Resource{}
+	}
+
+	if r.Type == string(types.ResourceTypePeer) {
+		if !r.PeerIndexSet || int(r.PeerIndex) >= len(peerIDByIndex) {
+			return nmdata.Resource{}
+		}
+		return nmdata.Resource{Type: r.Type, ID: peerIDByIndex[int(r.PeerIndex)]}
+	}
+
+	return nmdata.Resource{Type: r.Type, ID: r.Id}
+}
+
+// authorizedGroupsFromProto inverts encodeAuthorizedGroups: the wire form
+// keys by group account_seq_id, the typed PolicyRule field keys by group
+// xid string. We rebuild using the same synthetic scheme the rest of the
+// decoder uses ("g<seq>").
+func authorizedGroupsFromProto(m map[string]*proto.UserNameList) map[string][]string {
+	if len(m) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string][]string, len(m))
+	for id, list := range m {
+		if list == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[id] = append([]string(nil), list.Names...)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func decodeRouteRaw(rr *proto.RouteRaw, peerIDByIndex []string) *nmdata.Route {
+	r := &nmdata.Route{
+		ID:                  rr.Id,
+		PublicID:            rr.Id,
+		NetID:               rr.NetId,
+		Description:         rr.Description,
+		Domains:             domainsFromPunycode(rr.Domains),
+		KeepRoute:           rr.KeepRoute,
+		NetworkType:         int(rr.NetworkType),
+		Masquerade:          rr.Masquerade,
+		Metric:              int(rr.Metric),
+		Enabled:             rr.Enabled,
+		Groups:              rr.GroupIds,
+		AccessControlGroups: rr.AccessControlGroupIds,
+		PeerGroups:          rr.PeerGroupIds,
+		SkipAutoApply:       rr.SkipAutoApply,
+	}
+	if rr.NetworkCidr != "" {
+		if p, err := netip.ParsePrefix(rr.NetworkCidr); err == nil {
+			r.Network = p
+		}
+	}
+	if rr.PeerIndexSet && int(rr.PeerIndex) < len(peerIDByIndex) {
+		r.Peer = peerIDByIndex[rr.PeerIndex]
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+func decodeNameServerGroupRaw(nsg *proto.NameServerGroupRaw) *nmdata.NameServerGroup {
+	out := &nmdata.NameServerGroup{
+		ID:                   nsg.Id,
+		PublicID:             nsg.Id,
+		Groups:               nsg.GroupIds,
+		Primary:              nsg.Primary,
+		Domains:              nsg.Domains,
+		Enabled:              nsg.Enabled,
+		SearchDomainsEnabled: nsg.SearchDomainsEnabled,
+		NameServers:          make([]nmdata.NameServer, 0, len(nsg.Nameservers)),
+	}
+	for _, ns := range nsg.Nameservers {
+		if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ns.IP); err == nil {
+			out.NameServers = append(out.NameServers, nmdata.NameServer{
+				IP:     addr,
+				NSType: int(ns.NSType),
+				Port:   int(ns.Port),
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func decodeNetworkResource(nr *proto.NetworkResourceRaw) *nmdata.NetworkResource {
+	out := &nmdata.NetworkResource{
+		ID:          nr.Id,
+		PublicID:    nr.Id,
+		NetworkID:   nr.NetworkSeq,
+		Name:        nr.Name,
+		Description: nr.Description,
+		Type:        nr.Type,
+		Address:     nr.Address,
+		Domain:      nr.DomainValue,
+		Enabled:     nr.Enabled,
+	}
+	if nr.PrefixCidr != "" {
+		if p, err := netip.ParsePrefix(nr.PrefixCidr); err == nil {
+			out.Prefix = p
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func decodeSimpleRecords(records []*proto.SimpleRecord) []nmdata.SimpleRecord {
+	out := make([]nmdata.SimpleRecord, 0, len(records))
+	for _, r := range records {
+		out = append(out, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+			Name:  r.Name,
+			Type:  int(r.Type),
+			Class: r.Class,
+			TTL:   int(r.TTL),
+			RData: r.RData,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func decodeCustomZones(zones []*proto.CustomZone) []nmdata.CustomZone {
+	out := make([]nmdata.CustomZone, 0, len(zones))
+	for _, z := range zones {
+		out = append(out, nmdata.CustomZone{
+			Domain:               z.Domain,
+			Records:              decodeSimpleRecords(z.Records),
+			SearchDomainDisabled: z.SearchDomainDisabled,
+			NonAuthoritative:     z.NonAuthoritative,
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func uint32SliceToStrings(ports []uint32) []string {
+	if len(ports) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]string, len(ports))
+	for i, p := range ports {
+		out[i] = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(p), 10)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func portRangesFromProto(ranges []*proto.PortInfo_Range) []nmdata.RulePortRange {
+	if len(ranges) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]nmdata.RulePortRange, 0, len(ranges))
+	for _, r := range ranges {
+		if r == nil || r.Start > 65535 || r.End > 65535 {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, nmdata.RulePortRange{
+			Start: uint16(r.Start),
+			End:   uint16(r.End),
+		})
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func actionFromProto(a proto.RuleAction) types.PolicyTrafficActionType {
+	if a == proto.RuleAction_DROP {
+		return types.PolicyTrafficActionDrop
+	}
+	return types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept
+}
+
+func protocolFromProto(p proto.RuleProtocol) types.PolicyRuleProtocolType {
+	switch p {
+	case proto.RuleProtocol_TCP:
+		return types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
+	case proto.RuleProtocol_UDP:
+		return types.PolicyRuleProtocolUDP
+	case proto.RuleProtocol_ICMP:
+		return types.PolicyRuleProtocolICMP
+	case proto.RuleProtocol_ALL:
+		return types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL
+	case proto.RuleProtocol_NETBIRD_SSH:
+		return types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH
+	default:
+		return types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL
+	}
+}
+
+func stringSliceToSet(s []string) map[string]struct{} {
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]struct{}, len(s))
+	for _, v := range s {
+		out[v] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// domainsFromPunycode is a thin wrapper that converts a punycode list back to
+// the domain.List type the route.Route struct expects. It accepts the
+// punycode strings as-is (no extra decoding) — symmetric with
+// route.Domains.ToPunycodeList() used in the encoder.
+func domainsFromPunycode(punycoded []string) domain.List {
+	if len(punycoded) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(domain.List, 0, len(punycoded))
+	for _, d := range punycoded {
+		out = append(out, domain.Domain(d))
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/decode_test.go b/shared/management/networkmap/decode_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e2f17c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/decode_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	protobuf "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+func TestDecodePolicy(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		nmdata.Resource{Type: "peer", ID: "valid-id"},
+		resourceFromProto(
+			&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "peer", PeerIndexSet: true, PeerIndex: uint32(1)},
+			[]string{"invalid-id-0", "valid-id", "invalid-id-2"}))
+	// check invalid peer index returns an empty resource
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		nmdata.Resource{},
+		resourceFromProto(
+			&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "peer", PeerIndexSet: true, PeerIndex: uint32(100)},
+			[]string{"invalid-id-0", "valid-id", "invalid-id-2"}))
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		nmdata.Resource{Type: "domain", ID: "domain"},
+		resourceFromProto(
+			&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "domain", Id: "domain"}, []string{}))
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		nmdata.Resource{Type: "host", ID: "host"},
+		resourceFromProto(
+			&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "host", Id: "host"}, []string{}))
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		nmdata.Resource{Type: "subnet", ID: "subnet"},
+		resourceFromProto(
+			&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "subnet", Id: "subnet"}, []string{}))
+	// an unknown resource type return an empty resource
+	assert.Equal(t,
+		nmdata.Resource{},
+		resourceFromProto(
+			&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "boom", Id: "boom"}, []string{}))
+}
+
+// ResourceCompact fields 1-3 are the v0.77 wire contract. Retyping any of them
+// makes peers on either side of the change silently drop policy resources, so
+// the encoding is pinned here as raw bytes: field 1 "peer" (bytes), field 2
+// true (varint), field 3 7 (varint).
+func TestResourceCompactLegacyWireFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	legacy := []byte{0x0a, 0x04, 'p', 'e', 'e', 'r', 0x10, 0x01, 0x18, 0x07}
+
+	var decoded proto.ResourceCompact
+	require.NoError(t, protobuf.Unmarshal(legacy, &decoded))
+	assert.Equal(t, "peer", decoded.Type)
+	assert.True(t, decoded.PeerIndexSet)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(7), decoded.PeerIndex)
+
+	encoded, err := protobuf.Marshal(&proto.ResourceCompact{Type: "peer", PeerIndexSet: true, PeerIndex: 7})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, legacy, encoded)
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/encode.go b/shared/management/networkmap/encode.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dfacabe18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/encode.go
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+// Package networkmap contains the shared NetworkMap helpers that both the
+// management server and the client agent need.
+//
+// The proto-conversion helpers (types.NetworkMap → proto.NetworkMap) live
+// here so the client can run the same conversion locally after deriving its
+// NetworkMap from a NetworkMapEnvelope, without taking a dependency on the
+// server-side conversion package (which pulls in cloud integrations and is
+// otherwise an unwanted internal import on the client).
+//
+// The helpers are pure functions over inputs — no caches, no IO, no logging
+// beyond a context-aware error log when an individual user-id hash fails.
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	goproto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	"net/netip"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/netiputil"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/sshauth"
+)
+
+// ToProtocolRoutes converts a slice of typed routes to their proto form.
+func ToProtocolRoutes(routes []*nmdata.Route) []*proto.Route {
+	protoRoutes := make([]*proto.Route, 0, len(routes))
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		protoRoutes = append(protoRoutes, ToProtocolRoute(r))
+	}
+	return protoRoutes
+}
+
+// ToProtocolRoute converts one typed route to its proto form.
+func ToProtocolRoute(route *nmdata.Route) *proto.Route {
+	return &proto.Route{
+		ID:            string(route.ID),
+		NetID:         string(route.NetID),
+		Network:       route.Network.String(),
+		Domains:       route.Domains.ToPunycodeList(),
+		NetworkType:   int64(route.NetworkType),
+		Peer:          route.Peer,
+		Metric:        int64(route.Metric),
+		Masquerade:    route.Masquerade,
+		KeepRoute:     route.KeepRoute,
+		SkipAutoApply: route.SkipAutoApply,
+	}
+}
+
+// ToProtocolFirewallRules converts the firewall rules to the protocol form.
+// When useSourcePrefixes is true, the compact SourcePrefixes field is
+// populated alongside the deprecated PeerIP for forward compatibility.
+// Wildcard rules ("0.0.0.0") are expanded into separate v4/v6 SourcePrefixes
+// when includeIPv6 is true.
+func ToProtocolFirewallRules(rules []*types.FirewallRule, includeIPv6, useSourcePrefixes bool) []*proto.FirewallRule {
+	result := make([]*proto.FirewallRule, 0, len(rules))
+	for i := range rules {
+		rule := rules[i]
+
+		fwRule := &proto.FirewallRule{
+			PolicyID:  []byte(rule.PolicyID),
+			PeerIP:    rule.PeerIP, //nolint:staticcheck // populated for backward compatibility
+			Direction: GetProtoDirection(rule.Direction),
+			Action:    GetProtoAction(rule.Action),
+			Protocol:  GetProtoProtocol(rule.Protocol),
+			Port:      rule.Port,
+		}
+
+		if useSourcePrefixes && rule.PeerIP != "" {
+			result = append(result, populateSourcePrefixes(fwRule, rule, includeIPv6)...)
+		}
+
+		if ShouldUsePortRange(fwRule) {
+			fwRule.PortInfo = rule.PortRange.ToProto()
+		}
+
+		result = append(result, fwRule)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// populateSourcePrefixes sets SourcePrefixes on fwRule and returns any
+// additional rules needed (e.g. a v6 wildcard clone when the peer IP is
+// unspecified).
+func populateSourcePrefixes(fwRule *proto.FirewallRule, rule *types.FirewallRule, includeIPv6 bool) []*proto.FirewallRule {
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(rule.PeerIP)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if !addr.IsUnspecified() {
+		fwRule.SourcePrefixes = [][]byte{netiputil.EncodeAddr(addr.Unmap())}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	v4Wildcard, _ := netiputil.EncodePrefix(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv4Unspecified(), 0))
+	fwRule.SourcePrefixes = [][]byte{v4Wildcard}
+
+	if !includeIPv6 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	v6Rule := goproto.Clone(fwRule).(*proto.FirewallRule)
+	v6Rule.PeerIP = "::" //nolint:staticcheck // populated for backward compatibility
+	v6Wildcard, _ := netiputil.EncodePrefix(netip.PrefixFrom(netip.IPv6Unspecified(), 0))
+	v6Rule.SourcePrefixes = [][]byte{v6Wildcard}
+	if ShouldUsePortRange(v6Rule) {
+		v6Rule.PortInfo = rule.PortRange.ToProto()
+	}
+	return []*proto.FirewallRule{v6Rule}
+}
+
+// GetProtoDirection converts the direction to proto.RuleDirection.
+func GetProtoDirection(direction int) proto.RuleDirection {
+	if direction == types.FirewallRuleDirectionOUT {
+		return proto.RuleDirection_OUT
+	}
+	return proto.RuleDirection_IN
+}
+
+// GetProtoAction converts the action to proto.RuleAction.
+func GetProtoAction(action string) proto.RuleAction {
+	if action == string(types.PolicyTrafficActionDrop) {
+		return proto.RuleAction_DROP
+	}
+	return proto.RuleAction_ACCEPT
+}
+
+// GetProtoProtocol converts the protocol to proto.RuleProtocol.
+func GetProtoProtocol(protocol string) proto.RuleProtocol {
+	switch types.PolicyRuleProtocolType(protocol) {
+	case types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL:
+		return proto.RuleProtocol_ALL
+	case types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP:
+		return proto.RuleProtocol_TCP
+	case types.PolicyRuleProtocolUDP:
+		return proto.RuleProtocol_UDP
+	case types.PolicyRuleProtocolICMP:
+		return proto.RuleProtocol_ICMP
+	case types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH:
+		return proto.RuleProtocol_NETBIRD_SSH
+	default:
+		return proto.RuleProtocol_UNKNOWN
+	}
+}
+
+// GetProtoPortInfo converts route-firewall-rule port info to proto.PortInfo.
+func GetProtoPortInfo(rule *types.RouteFirewallRule) *proto.PortInfo {
+	var portInfo proto.PortInfo
+	if rule.Port != 0 {
+		portInfo.PortSelection = &proto.PortInfo_Port{Port: uint32(rule.Port)}
+	} else if portRange := rule.PortRange; portRange.Start != 0 && portRange.End != 0 {
+		portInfo.PortSelection = &proto.PortInfo_Range_{
+			Range: &proto.PortInfo_Range{
+				Start: uint32(portRange.Start),
+				End:   uint32(portRange.End),
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	return &portInfo
+}
+
+// ShouldUsePortRange reports whether the firewall rule should use a port
+// range rather than a single port (TCP/UDP without a single port).
+func ShouldUsePortRange(rule *proto.FirewallRule) bool {
+	return rule.Port == "" && (rule.Protocol == proto.RuleProtocol_UDP || rule.Protocol == proto.RuleProtocol_TCP)
+}
+
+// ToProtocolRoutesFirewallRules converts a slice of typed route-firewall
+// rules to proto.
+func ToProtocolRoutesFirewallRules(rules []*types.RouteFirewallRule) []*proto.RouteFirewallRule {
+	result := make([]*proto.RouteFirewallRule, len(rules))
+	for i := range rules {
+		rule := rules[i]
+		result[i] = &proto.RouteFirewallRule{
+			SourceRanges: rule.SourceRanges,
+			Action:       GetProtoAction(rule.Action),
+			Destination:  rule.Destination,
+			Protocol:     GetProtoProtocol(rule.Protocol),
+			PortInfo:     GetProtoPortInfo(rule),
+			IsDynamic:    rule.IsDynamic,
+			Domains:      rule.Domains.ToPunycodeList(),
+			PolicyID:     []byte(rule.PolicyID),
+			RouteID:      string(rule.RouteID),
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// ConvertToProtoCustomZone converts an nbdns.CustomZone to its proto form.
+func ConvertToProtoCustomZone(zone nbdns.CustomZone) *proto.CustomZone {
+	protoZone := &proto.CustomZone{
+		Domain:               zone.Domain,
+		Records:              make([]*proto.SimpleRecord, 0, len(zone.Records)),
+		SearchDomainDisabled: zone.SearchDomainDisabled,
+		NonAuthoritative:     zone.NonAuthoritative,
+	}
+	for _, record := range zone.Records {
+		protoZone.Records = append(protoZone.Records, &proto.SimpleRecord{
+			Name:  record.Name,
+			Type:  int64(record.Type),
+			Class: record.Class,
+			TTL:   int64(record.TTL),
+			RData: record.RData,
+		})
+	}
+	return protoZone
+}
+
+// ConvertToProtoNameServerGroup converts a NameServerGroup to its proto form.
+func ConvertToProtoNameServerGroup(nsGroup *nbdns.NameServerGroup) *proto.NameServerGroup {
+	protoGroup := &proto.NameServerGroup{
+		Primary:              nsGroup.Primary,
+		Domains:              nsGroup.Domains,
+		SearchDomainsEnabled: nsGroup.SearchDomainsEnabled,
+		NameServers:          make([]*proto.NameServer, 0, len(nsGroup.NameServers)),
+	}
+	for _, ns := range nsGroup.NameServers {
+		protoGroup.NameServers = append(protoGroup.NameServers, &proto.NameServer{
+			IP:     ns.IP.String(),
+			Port:   int64(ns.Port),
+			NSType: int64(ns.NSType),
+		})
+	}
+	return protoGroup
+}
+
+// DNSConfigCache is the cache contract for amortising NameServerGroup
+// proto-conversion across peers in the same account. Server uses a concrete
+// implementation; client passes nil (no cross-peer caching needed when
+// rebuilding a single NetworkMap from an envelope).
+type DNSConfigCache interface {
+	GetNameServerGroup(key string) (*proto.NameServerGroup, bool)
+	SetNameServerGroup(key string, value *proto.NameServerGroup)
+}
+
+// ToProtocolDNSConfig converts nbdns.Config to proto.DNSConfig. If cache is
+// non-nil, NameServerGroup proto values are cached by NSG.ID across calls —
+// the server amortises this across peers, the client passes nil.
+func ToProtocolDNSConfig(update nbdns.Config, cache DNSConfigCache, forwardPort int64) *proto.DNSConfig {
+	protoUpdate := &proto.DNSConfig{
+		ServiceEnable:    update.ServiceEnable,
+		CustomZones:      make([]*proto.CustomZone, 0, len(update.CustomZones)),
+		NameServerGroups: make([]*proto.NameServerGroup, 0, len(update.NameServerGroups)),
+		ForwarderPort:    forwardPort, //nolint:staticcheck
+	}
+
+	for _, zone := range update.CustomZones {
+		protoUpdate.CustomZones = append(protoUpdate.CustomZones, ConvertToProtoCustomZone(zone))
+	}
+
+	for _, nsGroup := range update.NameServerGroups {
+		if cache != nil {
+			if cachedGroup, exists := cache.GetNameServerGroup(nsGroup.ID); exists {
+				protoUpdate.NameServerGroups = append(protoUpdate.NameServerGroups, cachedGroup)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		protoGroup := ConvertToProtoNameServerGroup(nsGroup)
+		if cache != nil {
+			cache.SetNameServerGroup(nsGroup.ID, protoGroup)
+		}
+		protoUpdate.NameServerGroups = append(protoUpdate.NameServerGroups, protoGroup)
+	}
+
+	return protoUpdate
+}
+
+// AppendRemotePeerConfig appends typed peers as proto.RemotePeerConfig
+// entries to dst and returns the result. localIsProxy reports whether the peer
+// receiving this config is itself an embedded proxy.
+func AppendRemotePeerConfig(dst []*proto.RemotePeerConfig, peers []*nmdata.Peer, dnsName string, includeIPv6 bool, localIsProxy bool) []*proto.RemotePeerConfig {
+	for _, rPeer := range peers {
+		allowedIPs := []string{rPeer.IP.String() + "/32"}
+		if includeIPv6 && rPeer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+			allowedIPs = append(allowedIPs, rPeer.IPv6.String()+"/128")
+		}
+		dst = append(dst, &proto.RemotePeerConfig{
+			WgPubKey:     rPeer.Key,
+			AllowedIps:   allowedIPs,
+			SshConfig:    &proto.SSHConfig{SshPubKey: []byte(rPeer.SSHKey)},
+			Fqdn:         rPeer.FQDN(dnsName),
+			AgentVersion: rPeer.Meta.WtVersion,
+			LazyState:    lazyStateFor(localIsProxy, rPeer),
+		})
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+// lazyStateFor returns the per-peer lazy override for a remote peer. Connections
+// involving an ephemeral proxy peer on either endpoint default to lazy so shared
+// proxy infrastructure is not kept permanently connected to every peer. All
+// other peers follow the account-wide flag. A future admin-facing per-peer
+// setting can return LazyStateEager here to force a peer always-active.
+func lazyStateFor(localIsProxy bool, rPeer *nmdata.Peer) proto.LazyState {
+	if localIsProxy || rPeer.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
+		return proto.LazyState_LazyStateLazy
+	}
+	return proto.LazyState_LazyStateDefault
+}
+
+// BuildAuthorizedUsersProto deduplicates user-IDs into a hashed list and
+// builds per-machine-user index maps. Returns (hashedUsers, machineUsers).
+// Errors from individual hash failures are logged via the provided context;
+// they leave the offending user out of the result but don't abort the build.
+func BuildAuthorizedUsersProto(ctx context.Context, authorizedUsers map[string]map[string]struct{}) ([][]byte, map[string]*proto.MachineUserIndexes) {
+	userIDToIndex := make(map[string]uint32)
+	var hashedUsers [][]byte
+	machineUsers := make(map[string]*proto.MachineUserIndexes, len(authorizedUsers))
+
+	for machineUser, users := range authorizedUsers {
+		indexes := make([]uint32, 0, len(users))
+		for userID := range users {
+			idx, exists := userIDToIndex[userID]
+			if !exists {
+				hash, err := sshauth.HashUserID(userID)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.WithContext(ctx).WithError(err).Error("failed to hash user id")
+					continue
+				}
+				idx = uint32(len(hashedUsers))
+				userIDToIndex[userID] = idx
+				hashedUsers = append(hashedUsers, hash[:])
+			}
+			indexes = append(indexes, idx)
+		}
+		machineUsers[machineUser] = &proto.MachineUserIndexes{Indexes: indexes}
+	}
+
+	return hashedUsers, machineUsers
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/envelope.go b/shared/management/networkmap/envelope.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7961fd7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/envelope.go
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+// EnvelopeResult is what the client engine consumes after receiving a
+// component-format NetworkMap. Both fields are populated:
+//
+//   - NetworkMap is the *proto.NetworkMap shape the engine reads today via
+//     update.GetNetworkMap() — built from the envelope's components by
+//     running Calculate() locally + converting back through the shared
+//     proto helpers + merging the optional ProxyPatch.
+//   - Components is the *types.NetworkMapComponents the engine retains so
+//     future incremental delta updates have a base to apply changes
+//     against. The client keeps it under its sync lock.
+type EnvelopeResult struct {
+	NetworkMap *proto.NetworkMap
+	Components *types.NetworkMapComponents
+}
+
+// EnvelopeToNetworkMap is the full client-side pipeline: decode the
+// component envelope back to a typed NetworkMapComponents, run Calculate()
+// locally to produce the typed NetworkMap, convert it to the wire form the
+// engine consumes, and fold in any ProxyPatch the server attached.
+//
+// localPeerKey is the receiving peer's WG pub key (used to derive
+// includeIPv6 / useSourcePrefixes from the receiving peer's own record in
+// the components struct, mirroring legacy ToSyncResponse behaviour).
+//
+// dnsName is the account's DNS domain ("netbird.cloud" etc.); used when
+// rebuilding the per-peer FQDNs that proto.RemotePeerConfig carries.
+func EnvelopeToNetworkMap(ctx context.Context, env *proto.NetworkMapEnvelope, localPeerKey, dnsName string) (*EnvelopeResult, error) {
+	components, err := DecodeEnvelope(ctx, env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode envelope: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Find the receiving peer in the decoded components by WG key.
+	// c.Peers is keyed by canonical base64 of the raw 32-byte pub key
+	// (decoder re-encodes the bytes off the wire). The caller may pass a
+	// non-canonical encoding (some persisted production keys carry
+	// non-zero trailing padding bits that survived a legacy import), so
+	// round-trip through raw bytes once to canonicalize before lookup.
+	canonicalKey := canonicalizeWgKey(localPeerKey)
+	localPeer := components.Peers[canonicalKey]
+	if localPeer == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("receiving peer (wg_key prefix %q) not found among %d decoded peers — components have no PeerID, Calculate would return empty", trimKey(localPeerKey), len(components.Peers))
+	}
+	components.PeerID = canonicalKey
+
+	includeIPv6 := localPeer.SupportsIPv6() && localPeer.IPv6.IsValid()
+	useSourcePrefixes := localPeer.SupportsSourcePrefixes()
+
+	typedNM := components.Calculate(ctx)
+
+	full := env.GetFull()
+	dnsFwdPort := int64(0)
+	if full != nil {
+		dnsFwdPort = full.DnsForwarderPort
+	}
+
+	protoNM := &proto.NetworkMap{
+		Serial: typedNM.Network.CurrentSerial(),
+	}
+	if full != nil {
+		protoNM.PeerConfig = full.PeerConfig
+	}
+	protoNM.Routes = ToProtocolRoutes(typedNM.Routes)
+	protoNM.DNSConfig = ToProtocolDNSConfig(typedNM.DNSConfig, nil, dnsFwdPort)
+
+	remotePeers := AppendRemotePeerConfig(nil, typedNM.Peers, dnsName, includeIPv6, localPeer.ProxyMeta.Embedded)
+	protoNM.RemotePeers = remotePeers
+	protoNM.RemotePeersIsEmpty = len(remotePeers) == 0
+
+	protoNM.OfflinePeers = AppendRemotePeerConfig(nil, typedNM.OfflinePeers, dnsName, includeIPv6, localPeer.ProxyMeta.Embedded)
+
+	firewallRules := ToProtocolFirewallRules(typedNM.FirewallRules, includeIPv6, useSourcePrefixes)
+	protoNM.FirewallRules = firewallRules
+	protoNM.FirewallRulesIsEmpty = len(firewallRules) == 0
+
+	routesFirewallRules := ToProtocolRoutesFirewallRules(typedNM.RoutesFirewallRules)
+	protoNM.RoutesFirewallRules = routesFirewallRules
+	protoNM.RoutesFirewallRulesIsEmpty = len(routesFirewallRules) == 0
+
+	if typedNM.AuthorizedUsers != nil {
+		hashedUsers, machineUsers := BuildAuthorizedUsersProto(ctx, typedNM.AuthorizedUsers)
+		userIDClaim := ""
+		if full != nil {
+			userIDClaim = full.UserIdClaim
+		}
+		protoNM.SshAuth = &proto.SSHAuth{
+			AuthorizedUsers: hashedUsers,
+			MachineUsers:    machineUsers,
+			UserIDClaim:     userIDClaim,
+		}
+	}
+
+	if typedNM.ForwardingRules != nil {
+		forwardingRules := make([]*proto.ForwardingRule, 0, len(typedNM.ForwardingRules))
+		for _, rule := range typedNM.ForwardingRules {
+			forwardingRules = append(forwardingRules, rule.ToProto())
+		}
+		protoNM.ForwardingRules = forwardingRules
+	}
+
+	// Merge the proxy patch the server attached. Mirrors the legacy
+	// NetworkMap.Merge step that the server runs after Calculate().
+	if full != nil && full.ProxyPatch != nil {
+		mergeProxyPatch(protoNM, full.ProxyPatch)
+	}
+
+	return &EnvelopeResult{
+		NetworkMap: protoNM,
+		Components: components,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// mergeProxyPatch folds a ProxyPatch's pre-expanded fragments into the
+// proto.NetworkMap that Calculate() produced. Mirrors types.NetworkMap.Merge
+// — same six collections, deduplicated where the legacy merge dedupes.
+func mergeProxyPatch(nm *proto.NetworkMap, patch *proto.ProxyPatch) {
+	nm.RemotePeers = appendUniquePeers(nm.RemotePeers, patch.Peers)
+	nm.OfflinePeers = appendUniquePeers(nm.OfflinePeers, patch.OfflinePeers)
+	nm.FirewallRules = append(nm.FirewallRules, patch.FirewallRules...)
+	nm.Routes = append(nm.Routes, patch.Routes...)
+	nm.RoutesFirewallRules = append(nm.RoutesFirewallRules, patch.RouteFirewallRules...)
+	nm.ForwardingRules = append(nm.ForwardingRules, patch.ForwardingRules...)
+	if len(nm.RemotePeers) > 0 {
+		nm.RemotePeersIsEmpty = false
+	}
+	if len(nm.FirewallRules) > 0 {
+		nm.FirewallRulesIsEmpty = false
+	}
+	if len(nm.RoutesFirewallRules) > 0 {
+		nm.RoutesFirewallRulesIsEmpty = false
+	}
+}
+
+// appendUniquePeers dedupes by WgPubKey — mirrors legacy
+// mergeUniquePeersByID's intent (legacy keyed off Peer.ID; in proto form the
+// closest stable identifier is WgPubKey).
+func appendUniquePeers(dst, extra []*proto.RemotePeerConfig) []*proto.RemotePeerConfig {
+	if len(extra) == 0 {
+		return dst
+	}
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(dst))
+	for _, p := range dst {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[p.WgPubKey] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, p := range extra {
+		if p == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := seen[p.WgPubKey]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[p.WgPubKey] = struct{}{}
+		dst = append(dst, p)
+	}
+	return dst
+}
+
+func trimKey(s string) string {
+	if len(s) > 12 {
+		return s[:12]
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+// canonicalizeWgKey normalises a base64-encoded WireGuard public key so it
+// matches the canonical encoding emitted by the envelope decoder. Returns
+// the input unchanged when it does not decode to 32 raw bytes (caller will
+// hit a miss in the peer map and surface the error).
+func canonicalizeWgKey(s string) string {
+	raw, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(s)
+	if err != nil || len(raw) != 32 {
+		return s
+	}
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(raw)
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/envelope_test.go b/shared/management/networkmap/envelope_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7fe2a5277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/envelope_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+package networkmap_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	goproto "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
+
+	mgmtgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/internals/shared/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/types"
+	nbnetworkmap "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// TestEnvelopeToNetworkMap_RoundTrip exercises the full client-side pipeline:
+// build a small components struct, encode an envelope, marshal/unmarshal the
+// wire bytes, decode back via EnvelopeToNetworkMap, and verify the result is
+// non-empty and consistent.
+func TestEnvelopeToNetworkMap_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	c, localPeerKey := buildSmokeComponents(t)
+
+	envelope := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(mgmtgrpc.ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components: c,
+		DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+	})
+
+	wire, err := goproto.Marshal(envelope)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshal envelope")
+
+	var decoded proto.NetworkMapEnvelope
+	require.NoError(t, goproto.Unmarshal(wire, &decoded), "unmarshal envelope")
+
+	result, err := nbnetworkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(context.Background(), &decoded, localPeerKey, "netbird.cloud")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "EnvelopeToNetworkMap")
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	require.NotNil(t, result.NetworkMap, "decoded NetworkMap must be non-nil")
+	require.NotNil(t, result.Components, "Components must be retained for future delta updates")
+	require.NotNil(t, result.Components.AccountSettings)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, result.NetworkMap.RemotePeers, "two-peer allow policy should produce one remote peer")
+	require.NotEmpty(t, result.NetworkMap.FirewallRules, "two-peer allow policy should produce firewall rules")
+}
+
+// TestCalculate_FirewallRuleProtocol_NeverNetbirdSSH guards against the
+// scenario where a rule with Protocol=NetbirdSSH leaks the enum value into
+// proto.FirewallRule.Protocol. Calculate() must rewrite NetbirdSSH → TCP
+// before forming firewall rules. Without that rewrite, agents fall into
+// UNKNOWN-protocol handling, which on some platforms downgrades to
+// allow-all — a real security regression.
+func TestCalculate_FirewallRuleProtocol_NeverNetbirdSSH(t *testing.T) {
+	c, localPeerKey := buildSmokeComponents(t)
+	// Replace the smoke policy with a NetbirdSSH-protocol allow.
+	c.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{{
+		ID: "pol-ssh", PublicID: "2", Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{{
+			ID:            "rule-ssh",
+			Enabled:       true,
+			Action:        string(types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+			Protocol:      string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH),
+			Bidirectional: true,
+			Sources:       []string{"group-all"},
+			Destinations:  []string{"group-all"},
+		}},
+	}}
+
+	envelope := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(mgmtgrpc.ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components: c,
+		DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+	})
+	wire, err := goproto.Marshal(envelope)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var decoded proto.NetworkMapEnvelope
+	require.NoError(t, goproto.Unmarshal(wire, &decoded))
+
+	result, err := nbnetworkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(context.Background(), &decoded, localPeerKey, "netbird.cloud")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, result.NetworkMap.FirewallRules, "ssh policy should produce firewall rules")
+	for i, fr := range result.NetworkMap.FirewallRules {
+		require.NotEqualf(t, proto.RuleProtocol_NETBIRD_SSH, fr.Protocol,
+			"FirewallRules[%d].Protocol must be the rewritten TCP, not NETBIRD_SSH", i)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnvelopeToNetworkMap_NilEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := nbnetworkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(context.Background(), nil, "key", "netbird.cloud")
+	require.Error(t, err, "nil envelope must produce an error rather than panic")
+}
+
+func TestEnvelopeToNetworkMap_FullPayloadMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	env := &proto.NetworkMapEnvelope{}
+	_, err := nbnetworkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(context.Background(), env, "key", "netbird.cloud")
+	require.Error(t, err, "envelope with no Full payload must produce an error")
+}
+
+// TestDecodeEnvelope_MalformedWgKeyPeerSkipped feeds an envelope where one
+// peer has a wg_pub_key that is not 32 bytes long. The decoder must skip
+// that peer (keeping the rest of the snapshot usable) instead of aborting
+// the whole sync — mirrors legacy behaviour that tolerates an occasional
+// bad row.
+func TestDecodeEnvelope_MalformedWgKeyPeerSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	c, localPeerKey := buildSmokeComponents(t)
+	envelope := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(mgmtgrpc.ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components: c,
+		DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+	})
+	require.NotNil(t, envelope.GetFull())
+
+	full := envelope.GetFull()
+	require.Len(t, full.Peers, 2, "smoke fixture should have two peers")
+
+	// Truncate the second peer's wg_pub_key so it fails the length gate.
+	for _, p := range full.Peers {
+		if base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(p.WgPubKey) != localPeerKey {
+			p.WgPubKey = p.WgPubKey[:31]
+		}
+	}
+
+	wire, err := goproto.Marshal(envelope)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshal envelope")
+	var decoded proto.NetworkMapEnvelope
+	require.NoError(t, goproto.Unmarshal(wire, &decoded), "unmarshal envelope")
+
+	result, err := nbnetworkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(context.Background(), &decoded, localPeerKey, "netbird.cloud")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "EnvelopeToNetworkMap must tolerate one bad peer key")
+	require.NotNil(t, result)
+	require.NotNil(t, result.Components)
+	require.Len(t, result.Components.Peers, 1, "the well-formed peer survives, the malformed one is dropped")
+}
+
+// TestEnvelopeRoundTrip_AllGroupShortCircuitParity reproduces prod accounts
+// with several groups literally named "All" where the "All"-named group does
+// not contain every peer. Server-side Calculate short-circuits destination
+// expansion at the first group named "All" (getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs),
+// ignoring the remaining destination groups. The wire must preserve enough
+// group identity for the decoded components to short-circuit identically —
+// otherwise the client unions all destination groups and emits extra
+// firewall rules the server never produced.
+func TestEnvelopeRoundTrip_AllGroupShortCircuitParity(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	peers := map[string]*nmdata.Peer{}
+	for i, id := range []string{"peer-T", "peer-S", "peer-ALL", "peer-O"} {
+		peers[id] = &nmdata.Peer{
+			ID:       id,
+			Key:      randomWgKey(t),
+			IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, byte(i + 1)}),
+			DNSLabel: id,
+			Meta:     nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.40.0"},
+		}
+	}
+
+	c := &types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		PeerID: "peer-T",
+		Network: &nmdata.Network{
+			Identifier: "net-all-groups",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+			Serial:     1,
+		},
+		AccountSettings: &nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{},
+		DNSSettings:     &nmdata.DNSSettings{},
+		Peers:           peers,
+		Groups: map[string]*nmdata.Group{
+			"g-src": {PublicID: "1", Name: "staff", Peers: []string{"peer-T", "peer-S"}},
+			"g-all": {PublicID: "2", Name: "All", Peers: []string{"peer-ALL"}},
+			"g-two": {PublicID: "3", Name: "second", Peers: []string{"peer-T", "peer-O"}},
+		},
+		Policies: []*nmdata.Policy{{
+			ID: "pol-multi-dest", PublicID: "10", Enabled: true,
+			Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{{
+				ID:           "rule-multi-dest",
+				Enabled:      true,
+				Action:       string(types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+				Protocol:     string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+				Sources:      []string{"g-src"},
+				Destinations: []string{"g-all", "g-two"},
+			}},
+		}},
+	}
+
+	serverNM := c.Calculate(ctx)
+	require.NotNil(t, serverNM)
+
+	envelope := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(mgmtgrpc.ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components: c,
+		DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+	})
+	wire, err := goproto.Marshal(envelope)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshal envelope")
+	var decodedEnv proto.NetworkMapEnvelope
+	require.NoError(t, goproto.Unmarshal(wire, &decodedEnv), "unmarshal envelope")
+
+	result, err := nbnetworkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(ctx, &decodedEnv, peers["peer-T"].Key, "netbird.cloud")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "EnvelopeToNetworkMap")
+	clientNM := result.NetworkMap
+
+	serverRules := make([]string, 0, len(serverNM.FirewallRules))
+	for _, r := range serverNM.FirewallRules {
+		serverRules = append(serverRules, fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", r.PeerIP, r.Direction))
+	}
+	clientRules := make([]string, 0, len(clientNM.FirewallRules))
+	for _, r := range clientNM.FirewallRules {
+		clientRules = append(clientRules, fmt.Sprintf("%s/%d", r.PeerIP, r.Direction)) // nolint:staticcheck
+	}
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, serverRules, clientRules,
+		"client-side Calculate must expand destination groups exactly like the server")
+
+	serverPeers := make([]string, 0, len(serverNM.Peers))
+	for _, p := range serverNM.Peers {
+		serverPeers = append(serverPeers, p.Key)
+	}
+	clientPeers := make([]string, 0, len(clientNM.RemotePeers))
+	for _, p := range clientNM.RemotePeers {
+		clientPeers = append(clientPeers, p.WgPubKey)
+	}
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, serverPeers, clientPeers,
+		"client-side Calculate must connect the same remote peers as the server")
+}
+
+// TestEnvelopeToNetworkMap_EmptyComponents covers the graceful-degrade path
+// the server takes for a peer that is missing from the account or absent from
+// the validated-peers map. The legacy server short-circuited before
+// Calculate() and shipped a NetworkMap carrying only the account Network; the
+// components path runs Calculate() on the client instead, so the envelope must
+// carry Network or the client panics dereferencing a nil *types.Network.
+func TestEnvelopeToNetworkMap_EmptyComponents(t *testing.T) {
+	localPeerKey := randomWgKey(t)
+	c := types.EmptyNetworkMapComponents(&types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		PeerID: "peer-A",
+		Network: &nmdata.Network{
+			Identifier: "net-empty",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+			Serial:     7,
+		},
+		Peers: map[string]*nmdata.Peer{
+			"peer-A": {ID: "peer-A", Key: localPeerKey, IP: netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1})},
+		},
+	})
+
+	envelope := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(mgmtgrpc.ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components: c,
+		DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+	})
+	require.NotNil(t, envelope.GetFull().Network, "empty envelope must carry the account Network")
+
+	wire, err := goproto.Marshal(envelope)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshal envelope")
+	var decoded proto.NetworkMapEnvelope
+	require.NoError(t, goproto.Unmarshal(wire, &decoded), "unmarshal envelope")
+
+	result, err := nbnetworkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(context.Background(), &decoded, localPeerKey, "netbird.cloud")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "EnvelopeToNetworkMap must degrade gracefully on empty components")
+	require.Equal(t, uint64(7), result.NetworkMap.Serial)
+	require.Empty(t, result.NetworkMap.RemotePeers, "unvalidated peer connects to nobody")
+}
+
+// TestEnvelopeToNetworkMap_MissingNetwork simulates a server that omits
+// AccountNetwork from the envelope. Clients must degrade rather than panic, so
+// they survive talking to a management server that predates the encoder fix.
+func TestEnvelopeToNetworkMap_MissingNetwork(t *testing.T) {
+	c, localPeerKey := buildSmokeComponents(t)
+
+	envelope := mgmtgrpc.EncodeNetworkMapEnvelope(mgmtgrpc.ComponentsEnvelopeInput{
+		Components: c,
+		DNSDomain:  "netbird.cloud",
+	})
+	envelope.GetFull().Network = nil
+
+	wire, err := goproto.Marshal(envelope)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "marshal envelope")
+	var decoded proto.NetworkMapEnvelope
+	require.NoError(t, goproto.Unmarshal(wire, &decoded), "unmarshal envelope")
+
+	result, err := nbnetworkmap.EnvelopeToNetworkMap(context.Background(), &decoded, localPeerKey, "netbird.cloud")
+	require.NoError(t, err, "a missing AccountNetwork must not panic the client")
+	require.NotNil(t, result.Components.Network)
+	require.NotEmpty(t, result.NetworkMap.RemotePeers, "the rest of the snapshot stays usable")
+}
+
+// buildSmokeComponents returns a minimal NetworkMapComponents (2 peers, 1
+// group, 1 allow policy) plus the receiving peer's WG public key. Sufficient
+// to validate the encode → marshal → decode → Calculate pipeline produces
+// non-empty output.
+func buildSmokeComponents(t *testing.T) (*types.NetworkMapComponents, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	peerAKey := randomWgKey(t)
+	peerBKey := randomWgKey(t)
+
+	peerA := &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:       "peer-A",
+		Key:      peerAKey,
+		IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 1}),
+		DNSLabel: "peerA",
+		Meta:     nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.40.0"},
+	}
+	peerB := &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:       "peer-B",
+		Key:      peerBKey,
+		IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, 2}),
+		DNSLabel: "peerB",
+		Meta:     nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.40.0"},
+	}
+
+	group := &nmdata.Group{
+		PublicID: "1", Name: "All",
+		Peers: []string{"peer-A", "peer-B"},
+	}
+
+	policy := &nmdata.Policy{
+		ID: "pol-allow", PublicID: "1", Enabled: true,
+		Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{{
+			ID:            "rule-allow",
+			Enabled:       true,
+			Action:        string(types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+			Protocol:      string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+			Bidirectional: true,
+			Sources:       []string{"group-all"},
+			Destinations:  []string{"group-all"},
+		}},
+	}
+
+	c := &types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		PeerID: "peer-A",
+		Network: &nmdata.Network{
+			Identifier: "net-smoke",
+			Net:        net.IPNet{IP: net.IP{100, 64, 0, 0}, Mask: net.CIDRMask(10, 32)},
+			Serial:     1,
+		},
+		AccountSettings: &nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{},
+		DNSSettings:     &nmdata.DNSSettings{},
+		Peers: map[string]*nmdata.Peer{
+			"peer-A": peerA,
+			"peer-B": peerB,
+		},
+		Groups: map[string]*nmdata.Group{
+			"group-all": group,
+		},
+		Policies: []*nmdata.Policy{policy},
+	}
+	return c, peerAKey
+}
+
+func randomWgKey(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	var raw [32]byte
+	_, err := rand.Read(raw[:])
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(raw[:])
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/networkmapcompute.go b/shared/management/networkmap/networkmapcompute.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65e76d097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/networkmapcompute.go
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+type sshRequirements struct {
+	neededGroupIDs     map[string]struct{}
+	needAllowedUserIDs bool
+}
+
+// GetPeerNetworkMapComponents computes the peer's NetworkMapComponents from the
+// slim twin store. It mirrors the former Account.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents
+// exactly, operating on nmdata twins throughout — no Account reference and no
+// twin↔real conversion, since the produced components hold twins.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(peerID string, peersCustomZone nmdata.CustomZone) *types.NetworkMapComponents {
+	nmd.InjectProxyPolicies()
+
+	forceRoutingPeerDNS := nmd.forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution(peerID)
+
+	peer := nmd.Peers[peerID]
+	if peer == nil {
+		return types.EmptyNetworkMapComponents(&types.NetworkMapComponents{
+			PeerID:                        peerID,
+			Network:                       nmd.Network,
+			Peers:                         map[string]*nmdata.Peer{peerID: peer},
+			ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution: forceRoutingPeerDNS,
+		})
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := nmd.ValidatedPeers[peerID]; !ok {
+		return types.EmptyNetworkMapComponents(&types.NetworkMapComponents{
+			PeerID:                        peerID,
+			Network:                       nmd.Network,
+			Peers:                         map[string]*nmdata.Peer{peerID: peer},
+			ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution: forceRoutingPeerDNS,
+		})
+	}
+
+	components := &types.NetworkMapComponents{
+		PeerID:                        peerID,
+		Network:                       nmd.Network,
+		AccountSettings:               nmd.AccountSettings,
+		DNSSettings:                   nmd.DNSSettings,
+		CustomZoneDomain:              peersCustomZone.Domain,
+		NameServerGroups:              make([]*nmdata.NameServerGroup, 0),
+		ResourcePoliciesMap:           make(map[string][]*nmdata.Policy),
+		RoutersMap:                    make(map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter),
+		NetworkResources:              make([]*nmdata.NetworkResource, 0),
+		PostureFailedPeers:            make(map[string]map[string]struct{}, len(nmd.PostureChecks)),
+		RouterPeers:                   make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer),
+		NetworkXIDToPublicID:          nmd.NetworkXIDToPublicID,
+		PostureCheckXIDToPublicID:     nmd.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID,
+		ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution: forceRoutingPeerDNS,
+	}
+
+	relevantPeers, relevantGroups, relevantPolicies, relevantRoutes, sshReqs := nmd.getPeersGroupsPoliciesRoutes(peerID, peer.SSHEnabled, &components.PostureFailedPeers)
+
+	if len(sshReqs.neededGroupIDs) > 0 {
+		components.GroupIDToUserIDs = filterGroupIDToUserIDs(nmd.GroupIDToUserIDs, sshReqs.neededGroupIDs)
+	}
+	if sshReqs.needAllowedUserIDs {
+		components.AllowedUserIDs = nmd.getAllowedUserIDs()
+	}
+
+	components.Peers = relevantPeers
+	components.Groups = relevantGroups
+	components.Policies = relevantPolicies
+	components.Routes = relevantRoutes
+	components.AllDNSRecords = filterDNSRecordsByPeers(peersCustomZone.Records, relevantPeers, peer.SupportsIPv6() && peer.IPv6.IsValid())
+
+	peerGroups := nmd.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
+	components.AccountZones = nmd.appliedZones(peerGroups)
+	components.AccountZones = append(components.AccountZones, nmd.privateServiceZones(peerGroups)...)
+
+	for _, nsGroup := range nmd.NameServerGroups {
+		if nsGroup != nil && nsGroup.Enabled {
+			for _, gID := range nsGroup.Groups {
+				if _, found := relevantGroups[gID]; found {
+					components.NameServerGroups = append(components.NameServerGroups, nsGroup)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, resource := range nmd.NetworkResources {
+		if resource == nil || !resource.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		policies, exists := nmd.ResourcePolicies[resource.ID]
+		if !exists {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		addSourcePeers := false
+
+		networkRoutingPeers, routerExists := nmd.Routers[resource.NetworkID]
+		if routerExists {
+			if _, ok := networkRoutingPeers[peerID]; ok {
+				addSourcePeers = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		for _, policy := range policies {
+			if policy == nil || !policy.Enabled || len(policy.Rules) == 0 || policy.Rules[0] == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if addSourcePeers {
+				var peers []string
+				if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == string(types.ResourceTypePeer) && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
+					peers = []string{policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID}
+				} else {
+					peers = nmd.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(policy.SourceGroups())
+				}
+				for _, pID := range nmd.getPostureValidPeersSaveFailed(peers, policy.SourcePostureChecks, &components.PostureFailedPeers) {
+					if _, exists := components.Peers[pID]; !exists {
+						components.Peers[pID] = nmd.Peers[pID]
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				peerInSources := false
+				if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == string(types.ResourceTypePeer) && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
+					peerInSources = policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID == peerID
+				} else {
+					for _, groupID := range policy.SourceGroups() {
+						if group := nmd.Groups[groupID]; group != nil && slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID) {
+							peerInSources = true
+							break
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				if !peerInSources {
+					continue
+				}
+				isValid, pname := nmd.validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID)
+				if !isValid && len(pname) > 0 {
+					if _, ok := components.PostureFailedPeers[pname]; !ok {
+						components.PostureFailedPeers[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
+					}
+					components.PostureFailedPeers[pname][peer.ID] = struct{}{}
+					continue
+				}
+				addSourcePeers = true
+			}
+
+			for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+				if rule == nil || !rule.Enabled {
+					continue
+				}
+				for _, srcGroupID := range rule.Sources {
+					if g := nmd.Groups[srcGroupID]; g != nil {
+						if _, exists := components.Groups[srcGroupID]; !exists {
+							components.Groups[srcGroupID] = g
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				for _, dstGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
+					if g := nmd.Groups[dstGroupID]; g != nil {
+						if _, exists := components.Groups[dstGroupID]; !exists {
+							components.Groups[dstGroupID] = g
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			components.ResourcePoliciesMap[resource.ID] = policies
+		}
+
+		if addSourcePeers {
+			components.RoutersMap[resource.NetworkID] = networkRoutingPeers
+			for peerIDKey := range networkRoutingPeers {
+				p := nmd.Peers[peerIDKey]
+				if p == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				// An unapproved peer must not carry traffic, so it is kept out of
+				// RouterPeers as well: the envelope encoder indexes that map into
+				// the wire peer table, from which the client restores every entry.
+				if _, validated := nmd.ValidatedPeers[peerIDKey]; !validated {
+					continue
+				}
+				if _, exists := components.RouterPeers[peerIDKey]; !exists {
+					components.RouterPeers[peerIDKey] = p
+				}
+				if _, exists := components.Peers[peerIDKey]; !exists {
+					components.Peers[peerIDKey] = p
+				}
+			}
+			components.NetworkResources = append(components.NetworkResources, resource)
+		}
+	}
+
+	filterGroupPeers(&components.Groups, components.Peers)
+	filterPostureFailedPeers(&components.PostureFailedPeers, components.Policies, components.ResourcePoliciesMap, components.Peers)
+
+	return components
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) getPeersGroupsPoliciesRoutes(
+	peerID string,
+	peerSSHEnabled bool,
+	postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{},
+) (map[string]*nmdata.Peer, map[string]*nmdata.Group, []*nmdata.Policy, []*nmdata.Route, sshRequirements) {
+	relevantPeerIDs := make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer, len(nmd.Peers)/4)
+	relevantGroupIDs := make(map[string]*nmdata.Group, len(nmd.Groups)/4)
+	relevantPolicies := make([]*nmdata.Policy, 0, len(nmd.Policies))
+	relevantRoutes := make([]*nmdata.Route, 0, len(nmd.Routes))
+	sshReqs := sshRequirements{neededGroupIDs: make(map[string]struct{})}
+
+	relevantPeerIDs[peerID] = nmd.Peers[peerID]
+
+	peerGroupSet := nmd.GetPeerGroups(peerID)
+	for groupID := range peerGroupSet {
+		relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = nmd.Groups[groupID]
+	}
+
+	routeAccessControlGroups := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, r := range nmd.Routes {
+		if r == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		relevant := r.Peer == peerID
+		if !relevant {
+			for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
+				if _, ok := peerGroupSet[groupID]; ok {
+					relevant = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !relevant && r.Enabled {
+			for _, groupID := range r.Groups {
+				if _, ok := peerGroupSet[groupID]; ok {
+					relevant = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !relevant {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
+			if g := nmd.Groups[groupID]; g != nil {
+				relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = g
+			}
+		}
+		for _, groupID := range r.Groups {
+			if g := nmd.Groups[groupID]; g != nil {
+				relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = g
+			}
+		}
+		if r.Enabled {
+			for _, groupID := range r.AccessControlGroups {
+				if g := nmd.Groups[groupID]; g != nil {
+					relevantGroupIDs[groupID] = g
+				}
+				routeAccessControlGroups[groupID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if r.Peer != "" {
+			if _, ok := nmd.ValidatedPeers[r.Peer]; ok {
+				if p := nmd.Peers[r.Peer]; p != nil {
+					relevantPeerIDs[r.Peer] = p
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
+			g := nmd.Groups[groupID]
+			if g == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, pid := range g.Peers {
+				if _, exists := relevantPeerIDs[pid]; exists {
+					continue
+				}
+				if _, ok := nmd.ValidatedPeers[pid]; !ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				if p := nmd.Peers[pid]; p != nil {
+					relevantPeerIDs[pid] = p
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		relevantRoutes = append(relevantRoutes, r)
+	}
+
+	for _, policy := range nmd.Policies {
+		if policy == nil || !policy.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		policyRelevant := false
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if rule == nil || !rule.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if len(routeAccessControlGroups) > 0 {
+				for _, destGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
+					if _, needed := routeAccessControlGroups[destGroupID]; needed {
+						policyRelevant = true
+						for _, srcGroupID := range rule.Sources {
+							if g := nmd.Groups[srcGroupID]; g != nil {
+								relevantGroupIDs[srcGroupID] = g
+							}
+						}
+						for _, dstGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
+							if g := nmd.Groups[dstGroupID]; g != nil {
+								relevantGroupIDs[dstGroupID] = g
+							}
+						}
+						break
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			var sourcePeers, destinationPeers []string
+			var peerInSources, peerInDestinations bool
+
+			if rule.SourceResource.Type == string(types.ResourceTypePeer) && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
+				sourcePeers, peerInSources = nmd.getPeerFromResource(rule.SourceResource, peerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks, postureFailedPeers)
+			} else {
+				sourcePeers, peerInSources = nmd.getPeersFromGroups(rule.Sources, peerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks, postureFailedPeers)
+			}
+
+			if rule.DestinationResource.Type == string(types.ResourceTypePeer) && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
+				destinationPeers, peerInDestinations = nmd.getPeerFromResource(rule.DestinationResource, peerID, nil, postureFailedPeers)
+			} else {
+				destinationPeers, peerInDestinations = nmd.getPeersFromGroups(rule.Destinations, peerID, nil, postureFailedPeers)
+			}
+
+			if peerInSources {
+				policyRelevant = true
+				for _, pid := range destinationPeers {
+					relevantPeerIDs[pid] = nmd.Peers[pid]
+				}
+				for _, dstGroupID := range rule.Destinations {
+					if g := nmd.Groups[dstGroupID]; g != nil {
+						relevantGroupIDs[dstGroupID] = g
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if peerInDestinations {
+				policyRelevant = true
+				for _, pid := range sourcePeers {
+					relevantPeerIDs[pid] = nmd.Peers[pid]
+				}
+				for _, srcGroupID := range rule.Sources {
+					if g := nmd.Groups[srcGroupID]; g != nil {
+						relevantGroupIDs[srcGroupID] = g
+					}
+				}
+
+				if rule.Protocol == string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH) {
+					switch {
+					case len(rule.AuthorizedGroups) > 0:
+						for groupID := range rule.AuthorizedGroups {
+							sshReqs.neededGroupIDs[groupID] = struct{}{}
+						}
+					case rule.AuthorizedUser != "":
+					default:
+						sshReqs.needAllowedUserIDs = true
+					}
+				} else if nmdata.PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && peerSSHEnabled {
+					sshReqs.needAllowedUserIDs = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if policyRelevant {
+			relevantPolicies = append(relevantPolicies, policy)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return relevantPeerIDs, relevantGroupIDs, relevantPolicies, relevantRoutes, sshReqs
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) getPeersFromGroups(groups []string, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string,
+	postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}) ([]string, bool) {
+	peerInGroups := false
+	filteredPeerIDs := make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	seenPeerIds := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groups))
+
+	for _, gid := range groups {
+		group := nmd.Groups[gid]
+		if group == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if group.IsGroupAll() || len(groups) == 1 {
+			filteredPeerIDs = make([]string, 0, len(group.Peers))
+			peerInGroups = false
+			for _, pid := range group.Peers {
+				if !nmd.admitPolicyPeer(pid, sourcePostureChecksIDs, postureFailedPeers) {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if pid == peerID {
+					peerInGroups = true
+					continue
+				}
+
+				filteredPeerIDs = append(filteredPeerIDs, pid)
+			}
+			return filteredPeerIDs, peerInGroups
+		}
+
+		for _, pid := range group.Peers {
+			if _, seen := seenPeerIds[pid]; seen {
+				continue
+			}
+			seenPeerIds[pid] = struct{}{}
+			if !nmd.admitPolicyPeer(pid, sourcePostureChecksIDs, postureFailedPeers) {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if pid == peerID {
+				peerInGroups = true
+				continue
+			}
+
+			filteredPeerIDs = append(filteredPeerIDs, pid)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return filteredPeerIDs, peerInGroups
+}
+
+// getPeerFromResource resolves a rule side that names a peer directly, admitting it
+// like a member of a group holding only that peer.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) getPeerFromResource(resource nmdata.Resource, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string,
+	postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}) ([]string, bool) {
+	if !nmd.admitPolicyPeer(resource.ID, sourcePostureChecksIDs, postureFailedPeers) {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if resource.ID == peerID {
+		return nil, true
+	}
+	return []string{resource.ID}, false
+}
+
+// admitPolicyPeer applies the per-peer admission of a rule side: the peer must exist,
+// be validated and pass the rule's posture checks. A failed check is recorded in
+// postureFailedPeers.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) admitPolicyPeer(pid string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string, postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	peer, ok := nmd.Peers[pid]
+	if !ok || peer == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := nmd.ValidatedPeers[pid]; !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	isValid, pname := nmd.validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(sourcePostureChecksIDs, pid)
+	if !isValid && len(pname) > 0 {
+		if _, ok := (*postureFailedPeers)[pname]; !ok {
+			(*postureFailedPeers)[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
+		}
+		(*postureFailedPeers)[pname][pid] = struct{}{}
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(sourcePostureChecksID []string, peerID string) (bool, string) {
+	peer, ok := nmd.Peers[peerID]
+	if !ok || peer == nil {
+		return false, ""
+	}
+
+	for _, postureChecksID := range sourcePostureChecksID {
+		if valid, cached := nmd.cachedPostureCheckResult(postureChecksID, peerID); cached {
+			if !valid {
+				return false, postureChecksID
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		postureChecks := nmd.PostureChecks[postureChecksID]
+		if postureChecks == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !postureChecks.Passes(peer) {
+			return false, postureChecksID
+		}
+	}
+	return true, ""
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) PrecomputePostureValidation() {
+	if len(nmd.PostureChecks) == 0 {
+		nmd.PostureValidation = nil
+		return
+	}
+
+	checkPeerIDs := make(map[string]map[string]struct{})
+	for _, policy := range nmd.Policies {
+		if policy == nil || !policy.Enabled || len(policy.SourcePostureChecks) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		groupPeerIDs := nmd.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(policy.SourceGroups())
+		for _, postureChecksID := range policy.SourcePostureChecks {
+			set := checkPeerIDs[postureChecksID]
+			if set == nil {
+				set = make(map[string]struct{}, len(groupPeerIDs))
+				checkPeerIDs[postureChecksID] = set
+			}
+			for _, pid := range groupPeerIDs {
+				set[pid] = struct{}{}
+			}
+			for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+				if rule == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				if rule.SourceResource.Type == string(types.ResourceTypePeer) && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
+					set[rule.SourceResource.ID] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	results := make(map[string]map[string]bool, len(checkPeerIDs))
+	for postureChecksID, peerIDs := range checkPeerIDs {
+		results[postureChecksID] = nmd.evaluatePostureChecksForPeers(postureChecksID, peerIDs)
+	}
+	nmd.PostureValidation = results
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) evaluatePostureChecksForPeers(postureChecksID string, peerIDs map[string]struct{}) map[string]bool {
+	postureChecks := nmd.PostureChecks[postureChecksID]
+	if postureChecks == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	checks := postureChecks.GetChecks()
+	results := make(map[string]bool, len(peerIDs))
+	for peerID := range peerIDs {
+		peer := nmd.Peers[peerID]
+		if peer == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		results[peerID] = nmdata.PassesChecks(checks, peer)
+	}
+	return results
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) cachedPostureCheckResult(postureChecksID, peerID string) (bool, bool) {
+	results, ok := nmd.PostureValidation[postureChecksID]
+	if !ok {
+		return false, false
+	}
+	if results == nil {
+		return true, true
+	}
+	valid, found := results[peerID]
+	return valid, found
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) getPostureValidPeersSaveFailed(inputPeers []string, postureChecksIDs []string, postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}) []string {
+	var dest []string
+	for _, peerID := range inputPeers {
+		if _, validated := nmd.ValidatedPeers[peerID]; !validated {
+			continue
+		}
+		valid, pname := nmd.validatePostureChecksOnPeerGetFailed(postureChecksIDs, peerID)
+		if valid {
+			dest = append(dest, peerID)
+			continue
+		}
+		if pname == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := (*postureFailedPeers)[pname]; !ok {
+			(*postureFailedPeers)[pname] = make(map[string]struct{})
+		}
+		(*postureFailedPeers)[pname][peerID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return dest
+}
+
+// forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution reports whether the given peer must run
+// routing-peer DNS resolution regardless of the account-global
+// RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled setting: true when the peer routes a domain
+// network resource targeted by an enabled reverse-proxy service, so the peer's
+// DNS forwarder starts and can resolve the target for the embedded proxy peers.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution(peerID string) bool {
+	if len(nmd.ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for _, resource := range nmd.NetworkResources {
+		if resource == nil || !resource.Enabled || resource.Type != string(types.ResourceTypeDomain) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := nmd.ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs[resource.ID]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, isRouter := nmd.Routers[resource.NetworkID][peerID]; isRouter {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// GetPeerGroups returns the set of group IDs the peer belongs to. The
+// underlying peer→groups index is built once per NetworkMapData and the
+// returned set is shared — callers must not mutate it.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) GetPeerGroups(peerID string) map[string]struct{} {
+	nmd.peerGroupsOnce.Do(func() {
+		idx := make(map[string]map[string]struct{}, len(nmd.Peers))
+		for groupID, group := range nmd.Groups {
+			if group == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, pid := range group.Peers {
+				set, ok := idx[pid]
+				if !ok {
+					set = make(map[string]struct{})
+					idx[pid] = set
+				}
+				set[groupID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+		nmd.peerGroupsIdx = idx
+	})
+
+	if set, ok := nmd.peerGroupsIdx[peerID]; ok {
+		return set
+	}
+	return map[string]struct{}{}
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(groups []string) []string {
+	peerIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groups))
+	for _, groupID := range groups {
+		group := nmd.Groups[groupID]
+		if group == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if group.IsGroupAll() || len(groups) == 1 {
+			return group.Peers
+		}
+
+		for _, peerID := range group.Peers {
+			peerIDs[peerID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(peerIDs))
+	for peerID := range peerIDs {
+		ids = append(ids, peerID)
+	}
+
+	return ids
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) getAllowedUserIDs() map[string]struct{} {
+	return nmd.AllowedUserIDs
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) appliedZones(peerGroups map[string]struct{}) []nmdata.CustomZone {
+	if len(peerGroups) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var out []nmdata.CustomZone
+	for _, cand := range nmd.AppliedZoneCandidates {
+		if peerInDistributionGroups(peerGroups, cand.DistributionGroups) {
+			out = append(out, cand.Zone)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) privateServiceZones(peerGroups map[string]struct{}) []nmdata.CustomZone {
+	byApex := make(map[string]*nmdata.CustomZone)
+	var order []string
+	for _, cand := range nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates {
+		if !peerInDistributionGroups(peerGroups, cand.AccessGroups) {
+			continue
+		}
+		zone, exists := byApex[cand.Zone.Domain]
+		if !exists {
+			nz := nmdata.CustomZone{
+				Domain:               cand.Zone.Domain,
+				SearchDomainDisabled: cand.Zone.SearchDomainDisabled,
+				NonAuthoritative:     cand.Zone.NonAuthoritative,
+			}
+			byApex[cand.Zone.Domain] = &nz
+			zone = &nz
+			order = append(order, cand.Zone.Domain)
+		}
+		zone.Records = append(zone.Records, cand.Zone.Records...)
+	}
+
+	var out []nmdata.CustomZone
+	for _, apex := range order {
+		zone := byApex[apex]
+		if len(zone.Records) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, *zone)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func peerInDistributionGroups(peerGroups map[string]struct{}, groups []string) bool {
+	for _, g := range groups {
+		if _, ok := peerGroups[g]; ok {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func filterGroupPeers(groups *map[string]*nmdata.Group, peers map[string]*nmdata.Peer) {
+	for groupID, groupInfo := range *groups {
+		filteredPeers := make([]string, 0, len(groupInfo.Peers))
+		for _, pid := range groupInfo.Peers {
+			if _, exists := peers[pid]; exists {
+				filteredPeers = append(filteredPeers, pid)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(filteredPeers) != len(groupInfo.Peers) {
+			ng := groupInfo.Copy()
+			ng.Peers = filteredPeers
+			(*groups)[groupID] = ng
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func filterPostureFailedPeers(postureFailedPeers *map[string]map[string]struct{}, policies []*nmdata.Policy, resourcePoliciesMap map[string][]*nmdata.Policy, peers map[string]*nmdata.Peer) {
+	if len(*postureFailedPeers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	referencedPostureChecks := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		for _, checkID := range policy.SourcePostureChecks {
+			referencedPostureChecks[checkID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, resPolicies := range resourcePoliciesMap {
+		for _, policy := range resPolicies {
+			for _, checkID := range policy.SourcePostureChecks {
+				referencedPostureChecks[checkID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for checkID, failedPeers := range *postureFailedPeers {
+		if _, referenced := referencedPostureChecks[checkID]; !referenced {
+			delete(*postureFailedPeers, checkID)
+			continue
+		}
+		for peerID := range failedPeers {
+			if _, exists := peers[peerID]; !exists {
+				delete(failedPeers, peerID)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(failedPeers) == 0 {
+			delete(*postureFailedPeers, checkID)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func filterDNSRecordsByPeers(records []nmdata.SimpleRecord, peers map[string]*nmdata.Peer, includeIPv6 bool) []nmdata.SimpleRecord {
+	if len(records) == 0 || len(peers) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	peerIPs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(peers)*2)
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		if peer == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		peerIPs[peer.IP.String()] = struct{}{}
+		if includeIPv6 && peer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+			peerIPs[peer.IPv6.String()] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	filteredRecords := make([]nmdata.SimpleRecord, 0, len(records))
+	for _, record := range records {
+		if _, exists := peerIPs[record.RData]; exists {
+			filteredRecords = append(filteredRecords, record)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return filteredRecords
+}
+
+func filterGroupIDToUserIDs(fullMap map[string][]string, neededGroupIDs map[string]struct{}) map[string][]string {
+	if len(neededGroupIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	filtered := make(map[string][]string, len(neededGroupIDs))
+	for groupID := range neededGroupIDs {
+		if users, ok := fullMap[groupID]; ok {
+			filtered[groupID] = users
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/networkmapcompute_test.go b/shared/management/networkmap/networkmapcompute_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad21fd70f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/networkmapcompute_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1664 @@
+package networkmap_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	nbtypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+const (
+	targetID          = "peer-target"
+	postureMinVersion = "0.30.0"
+	passingVersion    = "1.0.0"
+	failingVersion    = "0.1.0"
+)
+
+func newPeer(id string, hostNum byte) *nmdata.Peer {
+	return &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID:       id,
+		Key:      "key-" + id,
+		IP:       netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{100, 64, 0, hostNum}),
+		DNSLabel: id,
+		Meta:     nmdata.PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: passingVersion},
+	}
+}
+
+func newNMD(peers ...*nmdata.Peer) *networkmap.NetworkMapData {
+	nmd := &networkmap.NetworkMapData{
+		Peers:           make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer),
+		Groups:          make(map[string]*nmdata.Group),
+		ValidatedPeers:  make(map[string]struct{}),
+		Network:         &nmdata.Network{Identifier: "network-1", Serial: 7},
+		AccountSettings: &nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo{},
+		DNSSettings:     &nmdata.DNSSettings{},
+	}
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		nmd.Peers[p.ID] = p
+		nmd.ValidatedPeers[p.ID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return nmd
+}
+
+func addGroup(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData, id string, peerIDs ...string) *nmdata.Group {
+	g := &nmdata.Group{ID: id, Name: id, Peers: peerIDs}
+	nmd.Groups[id] = g
+	return g
+}
+
+func newRule(sources, destinations []string) *nmdata.PolicyRule {
+	return &nmdata.PolicyRule{
+		Enabled:       true,
+		Action:        string(nbtypes.PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+		Protocol:      string(nbtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP),
+		Bidirectional: true,
+		Sources:       sources,
+		Destinations:  destinations,
+	}
+}
+
+func newPolicy(id string, rules ...*nmdata.PolicyRule) *nmdata.Policy {
+	for i, r := range rules {
+		if r.ID == "" {
+			r.ID = fmt.Sprintf("%s-rule-%d", id, i)
+		}
+		r.PolicyID = id
+	}
+	return &nmdata.Policy{ID: id, Enabled: true, Rules: rules}
+}
+
+func addVersionCheck(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData, id, minVersion string) {
+	if nmd.PostureChecks == nil {
+		nmd.PostureChecks = make(map[string]*nmdata.PostureChecks)
+	}
+	nmd.PostureChecks[id] = &nmdata.PostureChecks{
+		ID:     id,
+		Checks: nmdata.ChecksDefinition{NBVersionCheck: &nmdata.NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: minVersion}},
+	}
+}
+
+func compute(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData, peerID string) *nbtypes.NetworkMapComponents {
+	return nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(peerID, nmdata.CustomZone{})
+}
+
+func peerIDSet(peers map[string]*nmdata.Peer) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(peers))
+	for id := range peers {
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func policyIDs(policies []*nmdata.Policy) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(policies))
+	for _, p := range policies {
+		ids = append(ids, p.ID)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func groupIDSet(groups map[string]*nmdata.Group) []string {
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	for id := range groups {
+		ids = append(ids, id)
+	}
+	return ids
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_UnknownPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	nmd := newNMD(newPeer("peer-a", 2))
+
+	c := compute(nmd, "missing")
+
+	require.True(t, c.IsEmpty())
+	assert.Equal(t, "missing", c.PeerID)
+	assert.Same(t, nmd.Network, c.Network)
+	require.Contains(t, c.Peers, "missing")
+	assert.Nil(t, c.Peers["missing"])
+	assert.Len(t, c.Peers, 1)
+	assert.Nil(t, c.AccountSettings)
+	assert.Nil(t, c.Policies)
+	assert.False(t, c.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution)
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_UnvalidatedPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	nmd := newNMD(target)
+	delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, targetID)
+
+	c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+	require.True(t, c.IsEmpty())
+	assert.Equal(t, targetID, c.PeerID)
+	assert.Same(t, target, c.Peers[targetID])
+	assert.Len(t, c.Peers, 1)
+	assert.Nil(t, c.AccountSettings)
+	assert.Nil(t, c.Groups)
+}
+
+// The forced-DNS flag must be computed even on the empty-components early
+// exits, so an unknown or unvalidated proxy routing peer still starts its DNS
+// forwarder.
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_EmptyComponentsKeepForcedDNSResolution(t *testing.T) {
+	build := func() *networkmap.NetworkMapData {
+		nmd := newNMD(newPeer("unval-router", 1))
+		delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, "unval-router")
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{
+			{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Type: string(nbtypes.ResourceTypeDomain), Enabled: true},
+		}
+		nmd.ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs = map[string]struct{}{"res-1": {}}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {"ghost-router": {}, "unval-router": {}}}
+		return nmd
+	}
+
+	t.Run("unknown peer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := compute(build(), "ghost-router")
+		require.True(t, c.IsEmpty())
+		assert.True(t, c.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unvalidated peer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := compute(build(), "unval-router")
+		require.True(t, c.IsEmpty())
+		assert.True(t, c.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution(t *testing.T) {
+	forced := func(mutate func(*networkmap.NetworkMapData)) bool {
+		nmd := newNMD(newPeer(targetID, 1))
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{
+			{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Type: string(nbtypes.ResourceTypeDomain), Enabled: true},
+		}
+		nmd.ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs = map[string]struct{}{"res-1": {}}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {targetID: {}}}
+		if mutate != nil {
+			mutate(nmd)
+		}
+		return compute(nmd, targetID).ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution
+	}
+
+	t.Run("router of targeted domain resource is forced", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, forced(nil))
+	})
+	t.Run("no proxy-targeted resources", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.False(t, forced(func(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData) {
+			nmd.ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs = nil
+		}))
+	})
+	t.Run("resource disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.False(t, forced(func(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData) {
+			nmd.NetworkResources[0].Enabled = false
+		}))
+	})
+	t.Run("resource not a domain", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.False(t, forced(func(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData) {
+			nmd.NetworkResources[0].Type = string(nbtypes.ResourceTypeHost)
+		}))
+	})
+	t.Run("resource not targeted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.False(t, forced(func(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData) {
+			nmd.ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs = map[string]struct{}{"res-other": {}}
+		}))
+	})
+	t.Run("peer not a router of the resource network", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.False(t, forced(func(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData) {
+			nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {"someone-else": {}}}
+		}))
+	})
+	t.Run("nil resource entry tolerated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assert.True(t, forced(func(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData) {
+			nmd.NetworkResources = append([]*nmdata.NetworkResource{nil}, nmd.NetworkResources...)
+		}))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_CoreFieldsPassThrough(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	nmd := newNMD(target)
+	nmd.NetworkXIDToPublicID = map[string]string{"net-xid": "net-pub"}
+	nmd.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID = map[string]string{"pc-xid": "pc-pub"}
+
+	c := nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(targetID, nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "acme.netbird.cloud."})
+
+	require.False(t, c.IsEmpty())
+	assert.Equal(t, targetID, c.PeerID)
+	assert.Same(t, nmd.Network, c.Network)
+	assert.Same(t, nmd.AccountSettings, c.AccountSettings)
+	assert.Same(t, nmd.DNSSettings, c.DNSSettings)
+	assert.Equal(t, "acme.netbird.cloud.", c.CustomZoneDomain)
+	assert.Equal(t, nmd.NetworkXIDToPublicID, c.NetworkXIDToPublicID)
+	assert.Equal(t, nmd.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID, c.PostureCheckXIDToPublicID)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]*nmdata.Peer{targetID: target}, c.Peers)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.Groups)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.Policies)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.Routes)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.NameServerGroups)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.NetworkResources)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.ResourcePoliciesMap)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.RoutersMap)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.RouterPeers)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	assert.Nil(t, c.AllDNSRecords)
+	assert.Empty(t, c.AccountZones)
+	assert.Nil(t, c.GroupIDToUserIDs)
+	assert.Nil(t, c.AllowedUserIDs)
+	assert.False(t, c.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution)
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_OwnGroupsTrimmedWithoutMutatingStore(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	bystander := newPeer("peer-bystander", 2)
+	nmd := newNMD(target, bystander)
+	stored := addGroup(nmd, "g-mixed", targetID, bystander.ID)
+
+	c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+	require.Contains(t, c.Groups, "g-mixed")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{targetID}, c.Groups["g-mixed"].Peers)
+	assert.NotSame(t, stored, c.Groups["g-mixed"])
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{targetID, bystander.ID}, stored.Peers)
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_PolicyRelevance(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("peer in sources pulls destination peers and groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		srcSibling := newPeer("peer-src-sibling", 2)
+		dst := newPeer("peer-dst", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, srcSibling, dst)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", targetID, srcSibling.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", dst.ID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, dst.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+			"source-side siblings must not be connected")
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g-src", "g-dst"}, groupIDSet(c.Groups))
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{targetID}, c.Groups["g-src"].Peers)
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{dst.ID}, c.Groups["g-dst"].Peers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer in destinations pulls source peers and groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		src := newPeer("peer-src", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, src)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", src.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, src.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g-src", "g-dst"}, groupIDSet(c.Groups))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unrelated policy contributes nothing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		a := newPeer("peer-a", 2)
+		b := newPeer("peer-b", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, a, b)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-own", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-a", a.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-b", b.ID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-a"}, []string{"g-b"}))}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.Policies)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g-own"}, groupIDSet(c.Groups))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disabled policy ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		src := newPeer("peer-src", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, src)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", src.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		p.Enabled = false
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.Policies)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disabled rule ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		src := newPeer("peer-src", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, src)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", src.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		rule := newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"})
+		rule.Enabled = false
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", rule)}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.Policies)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer on both sides pulls peers from both directions", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		x := newPeer("peer-x", 2)
+		y := newPeer("peer-y", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, x, y)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", targetID, x.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID, y.ID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, x.ID, y.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+			"both the source-side and destination-side counterparts must connect")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rule referencing missing group tolerated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		nmd := newNMD(target)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-ghost"}, []string{"g-dst"}))}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil policy and rule entries tolerated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		dst := newPeer("peer-dst", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, dst)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", dst.ID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		p.Rules = append([]*nmdata.PolicyRule{nil}, p.Rules...)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{nil, p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, dst.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_PeerResourceRules(t *testing.T) {
+	peerResource := func(id string) nmdata.Resource {
+		return nmdata.Resource{ID: id, Type: string(nbtypes.ResourceTypePeer)}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("target as source resource", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		dst := newPeer("peer-dst", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, dst)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", dst.ID)
+		rule := newRule(nil, []string{"g-dst"})
+		rule.SourceResource = peerResource(targetID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", rule)}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, dst.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("target as destination resource", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		src := newPeer("peer-src", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, src)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", src.ID)
+		rule := newRule([]string{"g-src"}, nil)
+		rule.DestinationResource = peerResource(targetID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", rule)}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, src.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("remote peer as destination resource", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		remote := newPeer("peer-remote", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, remote)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", targetID)
+		rule := newRule([]string{"g-src"}, nil)
+		rule.DestinationResource = peerResource(remote.ID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", rule)}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, remote.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	// A directly referenced peer is admitted like a member of a group holding only
+	// that peer: the ValidatedPeers gate and the posture checks apply equally.
+	t.Run("unvalidated source resource peer is excluded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		unval := newPeer("peer-unval", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, unval)
+		delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, unval.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		rule := newRule(nil, []string{"g-dst"})
+		rule.SourceResource = peerResource(unval.ID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", rule)}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("source resource peer failing posture checks is excluded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		failing := newPeer("peer-failing", 2)
+		failing.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		nmd := newNMD(target, failing)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		rule := newRule(nil, []string{"g-dst"})
+		rule.SourceResource = peerResource(failing.ID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1", rule)
+		p.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.Empty(t, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("direct source peer failure recorded when connected via another policy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		failing := newPeer("peer-failing", 2)
+		failing.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		nmd := newNMD(target, failing)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		checkedRule := newRule(nil, []string{"g-dst"})
+		checkedRule.SourceResource = peerResource(failing.ID)
+		checked := newPolicy("p-checked", checkedRule)
+		checked.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		openRule := newRule(nil, []string{"g-dst"})
+		openRule.SourceResource = peerResource(failing.ID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{checked, newPolicy("p-open", openRule)}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, failing.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]map[string]struct{}{"pc-1": {failing.ID: {}}}, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("target as source resource failing posture checks gets no policy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		target.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		dst := newPeer("peer-dst", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, dst)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", dst.ID)
+		rule := newRule(nil, []string{"g-dst"})
+		rule.SourceResource = peerResource(targetID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1", rule)
+		p.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unvalidated destination resource peer is excluded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		unval := newPeer("peer-unval", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, unval)
+		delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, unval.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", targetID)
+		rule := newRule([]string{"g-src"}, nil)
+		rule.DestinationResource = peerResource(unval.ID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", rule)}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unrelated peer resource rule ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		a := newPeer("peer-a", 2)
+		b := newPeer("peer-b", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, a, b)
+		rule := newRule(nil, nil)
+		rule.SourceResource = peerResource(a.ID)
+		rule.DestinationResource = peerResource(b.ID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", rule)}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.Policies)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+}
+
+// A destination list containing a group named "All" short-circuits peer
+// expansion to that group alone, dropping peers accumulated from earlier
+// groups. Groups themselves are still all shipped. Mirrors legacy behavior
+// that the wire encoding depends on (see
+// TestEnvelopeRoundTrip_AllGroupShortCircuitParity).
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_AllGroupShortCircuit(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	first := newPeer("peer-first", 2)
+	allMember := newPeer("peer-all-member", 3)
+	nmd := newNMD(target, first, allMember)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-src", targetID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-first", first.ID)
+	nmd.Groups["g-all"] = &nmdata.Group{ID: "g-all", Name: nmdata.GroupAllName, Peers: []string{targetID, allMember.ID}}
+	nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-first", "g-all"}))}
+
+	c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, allMember.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+		"peers from groups before the All group must be dropped by the short-circuit")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g-src", "g-first", "g-all"}, groupIDSet(c.Groups))
+	assert.Empty(t, c.Groups["g-first"].Peers)
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_UnvalidatedPolicyPeersExcluded(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	srcOK := newPeer("peer-src-ok", 2)
+	srcUnval := newPeer("peer-src-unval", 3)
+	nmd := newNMD(target, srcOK, srcUnval)
+	delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, srcUnval.ID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-src", srcOK.ID, srcUnval.ID, "peer-deleted")
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+	nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))}
+
+	c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, srcOK.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+		"unvalidated and dangling group members must not connect")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{srcOK.ID}, c.Groups["g-src"].Peers)
+}
+
+// Multi-group rules take the union path of getPeersFromGroups (no All-group
+// short-circuit); validation and source posture checks apply per member.
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_MultiGroupSources(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	dup := newPeer("peer-dup", 2)
+	unval := newPeer("peer-unval", 3)
+	failing := newPeer("peer-failing", 4)
+	failing.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+	solo := newPeer("peer-solo", 5)
+	nmd := newNMD(target, dup, unval, failing, solo)
+	delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, unval.ID)
+	addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-1", targetID, dup.ID, unval.ID, "peer-deleted")
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-2", dup.ID, failing.ID, solo.ID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-tgt", targetID)
+	p := newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-1", "g-2"}, []string{"g-tgt"}))
+	p.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+	nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+	c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, dup.ID, solo.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	assert.Empty(t, c.PostureFailedPeers,
+		"failing is not otherwise connected, so its failure record is pruned")
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_PostureChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("failing source peer excluded without orphan failure record", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		failing := newPeer("peer-failing", 2)
+		failing.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		nmd := newNMD(target, failing)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", failing.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		p.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.Empty(t, c.PostureFailedPeers,
+			"failure records for peers absent from the map must be pruned")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("failure recorded when peer is connected via another policy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		failing := newPeer("peer-failing", 2)
+		failing.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		nmd := newNMD(target, failing)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", failing.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		checked := newPolicy("p-checked", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		checked.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		open := newPolicy("p-open", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{checked, open}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, failing.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]map[string]struct{}{"pc-1": {failing.ID: {}}}, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("destination peers bypass source posture checks", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		failing := newPeer("peer-failing", 2)
+		failing.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		nmd := newNMD(target, failing)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", failing.ID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		p.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, failing.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.Empty(t, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("target failing its own source check drops the policy", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		target.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		dst := newPeer("peer-dst", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, dst)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", dst.ID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		p.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.Policies)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.Empty(t, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("failure keyed by the first failing check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		failing := newPeer("peer-failing", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, failing)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-pass", postureMinVersion)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-fail", "2.0.0")
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", failing.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		checked := newPolicy("p-checked", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		checked.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-pass", "pc-fail"}
+		open := newPolicy("p-open", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{checked, open}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]map[string]struct{}{"pc-fail": {failing.ID: {}}}, c.PostureFailedPeers,
+			"the record must be keyed by the failing check, not the first listed")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unknown posture check id passes everyone", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		src := newPeer("peer-src", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, src)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", src.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		p.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-ghost"}
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, src.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.Empty(t, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_Routes(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("owned route relevant even when disabled", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		dist := newPeer("peer-dist", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, dist)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dist", dist.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-acl")
+		r := &nmdata.Route{ID: "r-1", Peer: targetID, Enabled: false, Groups: []string{"g-dist"}, AccessControlGroups: []string{"g-acl"}}
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{r}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		require.Len(t, c.Routes, 1)
+		assert.Same(t, r, c.Routes[0])
+		assert.Contains(t, c.Groups, "g-dist")
+		assert.NotContains(t, c.Groups, "g-acl",
+			"access control groups of a disabled route must not be collected")
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+			"distribution group members are not connected by the route itself")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer-group route disabled still ships and connects HA members", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		ha := newPeer("peer-ha", 2)
+		haUnval := newPeer("peer-ha-unval", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, ha, haUnval)
+		delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, haUnval.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-ha", targetID, ha.ID, haUnval.ID)
+		r := &nmdata.Route{ID: "r-1", PeerGroups: []string{"g-ha", "g-ghost"}, Enabled: false}
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{r}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		require.Len(t, c.Routes, 1)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, ha.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{targetID, ha.ID}, c.Groups["g-ha"].Peers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("route consumer connects HA routing peers from peer groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		router1 := newPeer("peer-router-1", 2)
+		router2 := newPeer("peer-router-2", 3)
+		routerUnval := newPeer("peer-router-unval", 4)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, router1, router2, routerUnval)
+		delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, routerUnval.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-ha", router1.ID, router2.ID, routerUnval.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dist", targetID)
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{{ID: "r-1", PeerGroups: []string{"g-ha"}, Groups: []string{"g-dist"}, Enabled: true}}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		require.Len(t, c.Routes, 1)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, router1.ID, router2.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+			"the consumer must connect to every validated HA router")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{router1.ID, router2.ID}, c.Groups["g-ha"].Peers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("distribution route connects routing peer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		router := newPeer("peer-router", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, router)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dist", targetID)
+		r := &nmdata.Route{ID: "r-1", Peer: router.ID, Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-dist"}}
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{r}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		require.Len(t, c.Routes, 1)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, router.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disabled distribution route not relevant", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		router := newPeer("peer-router", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, router)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dist", targetID)
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{{ID: "r-1", Peer: router.ID, Enabled: false, Groups: []string{"g-dist"}}}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.Routes)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unvalidated routing peer excluded but route ships", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		router := newPeer("peer-router", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, router)
+		delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, router.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dist", targetID)
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{{ID: "r-1", Peer: router.ID, Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-dist"}}}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		require.Len(t, c.Routes, 1)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil and unrelated routes skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		other := newPeer("peer-other", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, other)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dist", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-foreign", other.ID)
+		owned := &nmdata.Route{ID: "r-owned", Peer: targetID, Enabled: true}
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{nil, {ID: "r-foreign", Peer: other.ID, Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-foreign"}}, owned}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		require.Len(t, c.Routes, 1)
+		assert.Same(t, owned, c.Routes[0])
+	})
+}
+
+// A policy whose destinations hit an enabled route's access control groups is
+// shipped so the routing peer can build route firewall rules, but its peers
+// are not connected through this bridge.
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_RouteAccessControlBridging(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("policy targeting route ACG becomes relevant", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		router := newPeer("peer-router", 2)
+		remote := newPeer("peer-remote", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, router, remote)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dist", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-acl")
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-remote", remote.ID)
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{{ID: "r-1", Peer: router.ID, Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-dist"}, AccessControlGroups: []string{"g-acl"}}}
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-acl", newRule([]string{"g-remote"}, []string{"g-acl"}))}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-acl"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g-dist", "g-acl", "g-remote"}, groupIDSet(c.Groups))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, router.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+			"the bridged policy's source peers must not be connected")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disabled route does not bridge its ACG policies", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		remote := newPeer("peer-remote", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, remote)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-acl")
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-remote", remote.ID)
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{{ID: "r-1", Peer: targetID, Enabled: false, AccessControlGroups: []string{"g-acl"}}}
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-acl", newRule([]string{"g-remote"}, []string{"g-acl"}))}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.Policies)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_SSHRequirements(t *testing.T) {
+	allowedUsers := map[string]struct{}{"user-1": {}, "user-2": {}}
+	groupUsers := map[string][]string{"g-auth": {"user-a"}, "g-other": {"user-b"}}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		mutateRule    func(*nmdata.PolicyRule)
+		sshEnabled    bool
+		targetInSrc   bool
+		wantAllowed   bool
+		wantGroupsMap map[string][]string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "netbird-ssh with authorized groups",
+			mutateRule: func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) {
+				r.Protocol = string(nbtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH)
+				r.AuthorizedGroups = map[string][]string{"g-auth": nil}
+			},
+			wantGroupsMap: map[string][]string{"g-auth": {"user-a"}},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "netbird-ssh with authorized user",
+			mutateRule: func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) {
+				r.Protocol = string(nbtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH)
+				r.AuthorizedUser = "root"
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "netbird-ssh default needs allowed users",
+			mutateRule: func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) {
+				r.Protocol = string(nbtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH)
+			},
+			wantAllowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "legacy all-protocol with SSH enabled",
+			mutateRule:  func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) { r.Protocol = string(nbtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolALL) },
+			sshEnabled:  true,
+			wantAllowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "legacy all-protocol with SSH disabled",
+			mutateRule: func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) { r.Protocol = string(nbtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolALL) },
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "tcp port 22 with SSH enabled",
+			mutateRule:  func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) { r.Ports = []string{"22"} },
+			sshEnabled:  true,
+			wantAllowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "tcp port range covering 22",
+			mutateRule:  func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) { r.PortRanges = []nmdata.RulePortRange{{Start: 20, End: 30}} },
+			sshEnabled:  true,
+			wantAllowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "tcp native ssh port 22022",
+			mutateRule:  func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) { r.Ports = []string{"22022"} },
+			sshEnabled:  true,
+			wantAllowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "tcp port range covering only native ssh port",
+			mutateRule:  func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) { r.PortRanges = []nmdata.RulePortRange{{Start: 22000, End: 23000}} },
+			sshEnabled:  true,
+			wantAllowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "tcp unrelated port",
+			mutateRule: func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) { r.Ports = []string{"443"} },
+			sshEnabled: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "netbird-ssh only counts on the destination side",
+			mutateRule: func(r *nmdata.PolicyRule) {
+				r.Protocol = string(nbtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH)
+			},
+			targetInSrc: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+			target.SSHEnabled = tc.sshEnabled
+			admin := newPeer("peer-admin", 2)
+			nmd := newNMD(target, admin)
+			nmd.AllowedUserIDs = allowedUsers
+			nmd.GroupIDToUserIDs = groupUsers
+			addGroup(nmd, "g-adm", admin.ID)
+			addGroup(nmd, "g-tgt", targetID)
+			rule := newRule([]string{"g-adm"}, []string{"g-tgt"})
+			if tc.targetInSrc {
+				rule = newRule([]string{"g-tgt"}, []string{"g-adm"})
+			}
+			tc.mutateRule(rule)
+			nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", rule)}
+
+			c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+			if tc.wantAllowed {
+				assert.Equal(t, allowedUsers, c.AllowedUserIDs)
+			} else {
+				assert.Nil(t, c.AllowedUserIDs)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.wantGroupsMap, c.GroupIDToUserIDs)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_DNSRecordFiltering(t *testing.T) {
+	record := func(name, rdata string) nmdata.SimpleRecord {
+		return nmdata.SimpleRecord{Name: name, Type: 1, Class: "IN", TTL: 300, RData: rdata}
+	}
+
+	build := func(ipv6Target bool) (*networkmap.NetworkMapData, nmdata.CustomZone) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		if ipv6Target {
+			target.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+			target.Meta.Capabilities = []int32{nmdata.PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay}
+		}
+		buddy := newPeer("peer-buddy", 2)
+		buddy.IPv6 = netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2")
+		stranger := newPeer("peer-stranger", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, buddy, stranger)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", buddy.ID)
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))}
+		zone := nmdata.CustomZone{
+			Domain: "acme.netbird.cloud.",
+			Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+				record(targetID, "100.64.0.1"),
+				record("peer-buddy", "100.64.0.2"),
+				record("peer-stranger", "100.64.0.3"),
+				record("outsider", "9.9.9.9"),
+				record("peer-buddy-v6", "fd00::2"),
+			},
+		}
+		return nmd, zone
+	}
+
+	t.Run("records limited to relevant peers, IPv6 dropped without capability", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, zone := build(false)
+
+		c := nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(targetID, zone)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "acme.netbird.cloud.", c.CustomZoneDomain)
+		assert.Equal(t, []nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+			record(targetID, "100.64.0.1"),
+			record("peer-buddy", "100.64.0.2"),
+		}, c.AllDNSRecords)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("IPv6 records of relevant peers kept for capable target", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, zone := build(true)
+
+		c := nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(targetID, zone)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+			record(targetID, "100.64.0.1"),
+			record("peer-buddy", "100.64.0.2"),
+			record("peer-buddy-v6", "fd00::2"),
+		}, c.AllDNSRecords)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no records yields nil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, _ := build(false)
+
+		c := nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(targetID, nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "acme.netbird.cloud."})
+
+		assert.Nil(t, c.AllDNSRecords)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_AccountZones(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := func(name string) nmdata.SimpleRecord {
+		return nmdata.SimpleRecord{Name: name, Type: 1, Class: "IN", RData: "100.64.0.9"}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("applied and private service zones for peer groups", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		nmd := newNMD(target)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-a", targetID)
+		appliedZone := nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "zone-one.example.com.", Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{rec("z1")}}
+		nmd.AppliedZoneCandidates = []networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate{
+			{DistributionGroups: []string{"g-a"}, Zone: appliedZone},
+			{DistributionGroups: []string{"g-x"}, Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "zone-two.example.com."}},
+		}
+		nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates = []networkmap.PrivateServiceCandidate{
+			{AccessGroups: []string{"g-a"}, Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "svc.example.com", SearchDomainDisabled: true, NonAuthoritative: true, Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{rec("svc-1")}}},
+			{AccessGroups: []string{"g-a"}, Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "svc.example.com", Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{rec("svc-2")}}},
+			{AccessGroups: []string{"g-x"}, Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "other.example.com", Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{rec("other")}}},
+			{AccessGroups: []string{"g-a"}, Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "empty.example.com"}},
+		}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		require.Len(t, c.AccountZones, 2)
+		assert.Equal(t, appliedZone, c.AccountZones[0])
+		assert.Equal(t, nmdata.CustomZone{
+			Domain:               "svc.example.com",
+			SearchDomainDisabled: true,
+			NonAuthoritative:     true,
+			Records:              []nmdata.SimpleRecord{rec("svc-1"), rec("svc-2")},
+		}, c.AccountZones[1], "same-apex private service candidates must merge, flags from the first")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("groupless peer receives no zones", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		nmd := newNMD(target)
+		nmd.AppliedZoneCandidates = []networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate{
+			{DistributionGroups: []string{"g-a"}, Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "zone-one.example.com."}},
+		}
+		nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates = []networkmap.PrivateServiceCandidate{
+			{AccessGroups: []string{"g-a"}, Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "svc.example.com", Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{rec("svc")}}},
+		}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.AccountZones)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_NameServerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	other := newPeer("peer-other", 2)
+	nmd := newNMD(target, other)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-own", targetID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", other.ID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-foreign")
+	nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{newPolicy("p-1", newRule([]string{"g-own"}, []string{"g-dst"}))}
+	nsOwn := &nmdata.NameServerGroup{ID: "ns-own", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-own"}}
+	nsDst := &nmdata.NameServerGroup{ID: "ns-dst", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-dst"}}
+	nsDisabled := &nmdata.NameServerGroup{ID: "ns-disabled", Enabled: false, Groups: []string{"g-own"}}
+	nsForeign := &nmdata.NameServerGroup{ID: "ns-foreign", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-foreign"}}
+	nsBoth := &nmdata.NameServerGroup{ID: "ns-both", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-own", "g-dst"}}
+	nmd.NameServerGroups = []*nmdata.NameServerGroup{nsOwn, nil, nsDst, nsDisabled, nsForeign, nsBoth}
+
+	c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []*nmdata.NameServerGroup{nsOwn, nsDst, nsBoth}, c.NameServerGroups,
+		"nameserver groups attach to any relevant group and ship once even when several groups match")
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResources_SourceSide(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	routerOK := newPeer("peer-router-ok", 2)
+	routerUnval := newPeer("peer-router-unval", 3)
+	nmd := newNMD(target, routerOK, routerUnval)
+	delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, routerUnval.ID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-clients", targetID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-resource")
+	res := &nmdata.NetworkResource{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}
+	nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}
+	rp := newPolicy("rp-1", newRule([]string{"g-clients"}, []string{"g-resource"}))
+	nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{rp}
+	nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {rp}}
+	routers := map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{
+		routerOK.ID:    {Metric: 100},
+		routerUnval.ID: {Metric: 200},
+	}
+	nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": routers}
+
+	c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}, c.NetworkResources)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {rp}}, c.ResourcePoliciesMap)
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": routers}, c.RoutersMap)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{routerOK.ID}, peerIDSet(c.RouterPeers),
+		"an unvalidated routing peer is withheld from RouterPeers too, since the envelope encoder "+
+			"indexes that map into the wire peer table and the client restores every entry from it")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, routerOK.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+		"only validated routing peers are connected")
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"g-clients", "g-resource"}, groupIDSet(c.Groups))
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResources_RouterSide(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("posture-valid validated source peers connected, failures recorded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		clientOK := newPeer("peer-client-ok", 2)
+		clientUnval := newPeer("peer-client-unval", 3)
+		clientFail := newPeer("peer-client-fail", 4)
+		clientFail.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		nmd := newNMD(target, clientOK, clientUnval, clientFail)
+		delete(nmd.ValidatedPeers, clientUnval.ID)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-clients", clientOK.ID, clientUnval.ID, clientFail.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-resource")
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-tgt", targetID)
+		res := &nmdata.NetworkResource{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}
+		rp := newPolicy("rp-1", newRule([]string{"g-clients"}, []string{"g-resource"}))
+		rp.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		acl := newPolicy("p-acl", newRule([]string{"g-clients"}, []string{"g-tgt"}))
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{acl}
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {rp}}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {targetID: {Metric: 100}}}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}, c.NetworkResources)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.RouterPeers))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, clientOK.ID, clientFail.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+			"clientFail connects via the open ACL policy, clientUnval never connects")
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]map[string]struct{}{"pc-1": {clientFail.ID: {}}}, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer source resource collects exactly that peer", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		client := newPeer("peer-client", 2)
+		other := newPeer("peer-other", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, client, other)
+		res := &nmdata.NetworkResource{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}
+		rule := newRule(nil, nil)
+		rule.SourceResource = nmdata.Resource{ID: client.ID, Type: string(nbtypes.ResourceTypePeer)}
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {newPolicy("rp-1", rule)}}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {targetID: {}}}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}, c.NetworkResources)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, client.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multiple source groups unioned, missing group tolerated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		c1 := newPeer("peer-c1", 2)
+		c2 := newPeer("peer-c2", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, c1, c2)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-c1", c1.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-c2", c2.ID)
+		res := &nmdata.NetworkResource{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{
+			"res-1": {newPolicy("rp-1", newRule([]string{"g-c1", "g-c2", "g-ghost"}, nil))},
+		}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {targetID: {}}}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, c1.ID, c2.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResources_PeerResourceSource(t *testing.T) {
+	build := func(sourcePeerID string) *networkmap.NetworkMapData {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		router := newPeer("peer-router", 2)
+		other := newPeer("peer-other", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, router, other)
+		res := &nmdata.NetworkResource{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}
+		rule := newRule(nil, nil)
+		rule.SourceResource = nmdata.Resource{ID: sourcePeerID, Type: string(nbtypes.ResourceTypePeer)}
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {newPolicy("rp-1", rule)}}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {"peer-router": {}}}
+		return nmd
+	}
+
+	t.Run("target named as source resource gains access", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := compute(build(targetID), targetID)
+
+		assert.Len(t, c.NetworkResources, 1)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, "peer-router"}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("other peer named as source resource denies target", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := compute(build("peer-other"), targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.NetworkResources)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResources_Gating(t *testing.T) {
+	build := func() (*networkmap.NetworkMapData, *nmdata.NetworkResource, *nmdata.Policy) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		router := newPeer("peer-router", 2)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, router)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-clients", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-resource")
+		res := &nmdata.NetworkResource{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}
+		rp := newPolicy("rp-1", newRule([]string{"g-clients"}, []string{"g-resource"}))
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{rp}
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {rp}}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {router.ID: {}}}
+		return nmd, res, rp
+	}
+
+	assertResourceSkipped := func(t *testing.T, c *nbtypes.NetworkMapComponents) {
+		t.Helper()
+		assert.Empty(t, c.NetworkResources)
+		assert.Empty(t, c.RoutersMap)
+		assert.Empty(t, c.RouterPeers)
+		assert.Empty(t, c.ResourcePoliciesMap)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("baseline grants access", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, res, _ := build()
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+		assert.Equal(t, []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}, c.NetworkResources)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("disabled resource skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, res, _ := build()
+		res.Enabled = false
+		assertResourceSkipped(t, compute(nmd, targetID))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("resource without policies skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, _, _ := build()
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies = nil
+		assertResourceSkipped(t, compute(nmd, targetID))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer neither router nor in sources skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, _, _ := build()
+		nmd.Groups["g-clients"].Peers = []string{"peer-router"}
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+		assertResourceSkipped(t, c)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("nil and rule-less resource policy entries tolerated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, res, rp := build()
+		nmd.NetworkResources = append([]*nmdata.NetworkResource{nil}, nmd.NetworkResources...)
+		rp.Rules = append(rp.Rules, nil)
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies["res-1"] = append([]*nmdata.Policy{nil, {ID: "rp-empty", Enabled: true}}, nmd.ResourcePolicies["res-1"]...)
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}, c.NetworkResources,
+			"poisoned sibling entries must not prevent the valid policy from granting access")
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() { c.Calculate(context.Background()) },
+			"the downstream network map calculation must survive the poisoned components")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("granting policy without routers still ships the resource", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, res, rp := build()
+		nmd.Routers = nil
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+		assert.Equal(t, []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}, c.NetworkResources)
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {rp}}, c.ResourcePoliciesMap)
+		assert.Contains(t, c.RoutersMap, "net-1")
+		assert.Empty(t, c.RoutersMap["net-1"])
+		assert.Empty(t, c.RouterPeers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("target failing resource policy posture check skipped", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd, _, rp := build()
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		rp.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		nmd.Policies = nil
+		nmd.Peers[targetID].Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+		assertResourceSkipped(t, c)
+		assert.Empty(t, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+}
+
+// Legacy parity: resource-policy access consults only Rules[0] for peer-type
+// sources, while group sources union across all rules via SourceGroups.
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_MultiRulePolicies(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("policy matching via multiple rules ships once", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		a := newPeer("peer-a", 2)
+		b := newPeer("peer-b", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, a, b)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-tgt", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-a", a.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-b", b.ID)
+		p := newPolicy("p-1",
+			newRule([]string{"g-tgt"}, []string{"g-a"}),
+			newRule([]string{"g-tgt"}, []string{"g-b"}))
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{p}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"p-1"}, policyIDs(c.Policies))
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, a.ID, b.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("resource access consults only the first rule's peer source", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		other := newPeer("peer-other", 2)
+		router := newPeer("peer-router", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, other, router)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-other", other.ID)
+		res := &nmdata.NetworkResource{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}
+		second := newRule(nil, nil)
+		second.SourceResource = nmdata.Resource{ID: targetID, Type: string(nbtypes.ResourceTypePeer)}
+		rp := newPolicy("rp-1", newRule([]string{"g-other"}, nil), second)
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {rp}}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {router.ID: {}}}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Empty(t, c.NetworkResources,
+			"a second rule naming the target as peer source must not grant resource access")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("router-side source collection consults only the first rule's peer source", func(t *testing.T) {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		x := newPeer("peer-x", 2)
+		y := newPeer("peer-y", 3)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, x, y)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-y", y.ID)
+		res := &nmdata.NetworkResource{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}
+		first := newRule(nil, nil)
+		first.SourceResource = nmdata.Resource{ID: x.ID, Type: string(nbtypes.ResourceTypePeer)}
+		rp := newPolicy("rp-1", first, newRule([]string{"g-y"}, nil))
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {rp}}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {targetID: {}}}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, x.ID}, peerIDSet(c.Peers),
+			"second-rule group sources are not collected when the first rule names a peer")
+	})
+}
+
+// Characterization of legacy parity: once one resource policy grants the peer
+// access, the source peers of the resource's subsequent policies are collected
+// as if the peer were a router.
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_NetworkResources_LaterPoliciesContributeSourcePeers(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	otherSrc := newPeer("peer-other-src", 2)
+	router := newPeer("peer-router", 3)
+	nmd := newNMD(target, otherSrc, router)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-a", targetID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-b", otherSrc.ID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-resource")
+	res := &nmdata.NetworkResource{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}
+	nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{res}
+	rpA := newPolicy("rp-a", newRule([]string{"g-a"}, []string{"g-resource"}))
+	rpB := newPolicy("rp-b", newRule([]string{"g-b"}, []string{"g-resource"}))
+	nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {rpA, rpB}}
+	nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {router.ID: {}}}
+
+	c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+	assert.Contains(t, c.Peers, otherSrc.ID)
+}
+
+func TestGetPeerNetworkMapComponents_StoreImmutableAndDeterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	zone := nmdata.CustomZone{
+		Domain:  "acme.netbird.cloud.",
+		Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{{Name: "peer-src", Type: 1, Class: "IN", TTL: 300, RData: "100.64.0.2"}},
+	}
+	build := func() *networkmap.NetworkMapData {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		src := newPeer("peer-src", 2)
+		failing := newPeer("peer-failing", 3)
+		failing.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		router := newPeer("peer-router", 4)
+		resRouter := newPeer("peer-res-router", 5)
+		nmd := newNMD(target, src, failing, router, resRouter)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", src.ID, failing.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID, src.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dist", targetID, src.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-auth", src.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-clients", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-resource")
+		nmd.AllowedUserIDs = map[string]struct{}{"user-1": {}}
+		nmd.GroupIDToUserIDs = map[string][]string{"g-auth": {"user-a"}}
+		checked := newPolicy("p-checked", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		checked.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		open := newPolicy("p-open", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		sshAuth := newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"})
+		sshAuth.Protocol = string(nbtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH)
+		sshAuth.AuthorizedGroups = map[string][]string{"g-auth": nil}
+		sshPlain := newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"})
+		sshPlain.Protocol = string(nbtypes.PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH)
+		rp := newPolicy("rp-1", newRule([]string{"g-clients"}, []string{"g-resource"}))
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{checked, open, newPolicy("p-ssh", sshAuth, sshPlain), rp}
+		nmd.Routes = []*nmdata.Route{{ID: "r-1", Peer: router.ID, Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-dist"}}}
+		nmd.NetworkResources = []*nmdata.NetworkResource{{ID: "res-1", NetworkID: "net-1", Enabled: true}}
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies = map[string][]*nmdata.Policy{"res-1": {rp}}
+		nmd.Routers = map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter{"net-1": {resRouter.ID: {Metric: 100}}}
+		nmd.NameServerGroups = []*nmdata.NameServerGroup{{ID: "ns-1", Enabled: true, Groups: []string{"g-dst"}}}
+		nmd.AppliedZoneCandidates = []networkmap.AppliedZoneCandidate{
+			{DistributionGroups: []string{"g-dst"}, Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "zone.example.com.", Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{{Name: "z", Type: 1, RData: "100.64.0.9"}}}},
+		}
+		nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates = []networkmap.PrivateServiceCandidate{
+			{AccessGroups: []string{"g-dst"}, Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{Domain: "svc.example.com", Records: []nmdata.SimpleRecord{{Name: "s", Type: 1, RData: "100.64.0.8"}}}},
+		}
+		return nmd
+	}
+
+	nmd := build()
+	groupSnapshots := make(map[string][]string, len(nmd.Groups))
+	for id, g := range nmd.Groups {
+		groupSnapshots[id] = append([]string(nil), g.Peers...)
+	}
+
+	first := nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(targetID, zone)
+	_ = nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents("peer-src", zone)
+	second := nmd.GetPeerNetworkMapComponents(targetID, zone)
+
+	for id, g := range nmd.Groups {
+		assert.Equal(t, groupSnapshots[id], g.Peers, "group %s mutated in the store", id)
+	}
+
+	for name, field := range map[string]any{
+		"Peers":               first.Peers,
+		"PostureFailedPeers":  first.PostureFailedPeers,
+		"RoutersMap":          first.RoutersMap,
+		"RouterPeers":         first.RouterPeers,
+		"NetworkResources":    first.NetworkResources,
+		"NameServerGroups":    first.NameServerGroups,
+		"AccountZones":        first.AccountZones,
+		"AllDNSRecords":       first.AllDNSRecords,
+		"AllowedUserIDs":      first.AllowedUserIDs,
+		"GroupIDToUserIDs":    first.GroupIDToUserIDs,
+		"ResourcePoliciesMap": first.ResourcePoliciesMap,
+	} {
+		require.NotEmpty(t, field, "fixture must populate %s or the determinism check is vacuous", name)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, first.Peers, second.Peers)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.Groups, second.Groups)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.Policies, second.Policies)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.Routes, second.Routes)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.PostureFailedPeers, second.PostureFailedPeers)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.ResourcePoliciesMap, second.ResourcePoliciesMap)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.RoutersMap, second.RoutersMap)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.RouterPeers, second.RouterPeers)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.NetworkResources, second.NetworkResources)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.NameServerGroups, second.NameServerGroups)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.AccountZones, second.AccountZones)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.AllDNSRecords, second.AllDNSRecords)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.AllowedUserIDs, second.AllowedUserIDs)
+	assert.Equal(t, first.GroupIDToUserIDs, second.GroupIDToUserIDs)
+}
+
+func TestPrecomputePostureValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	newFixture := func() *networkmap.NetworkMapData {
+		target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+		srcPass := newPeer("peer-src-pass", 2)
+		srcFail := newPeer("peer-src-fail", 3)
+		srcFail.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+		other := newPeer("peer-other", 4)
+		other.Meta.WtVersion = failingVersion
+
+		nmd := newNMD(target, srcPass, srcFail, other)
+		addVersionCheck(nmd, "pc-1", postureMinVersion)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-src", srcPass.ID, srcFail.ID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-dst", targetID)
+		addGroup(nmd, "g-open", srcPass.ID, srcFail.ID, other.ID)
+
+		checked := newPolicy("p-checked", newRule([]string{"g-src"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		checked.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		open := newPolicy("p-open", newRule([]string{"g-open"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		disabled := newPolicy("p-disabled", newRule([]string{"g-open"}, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		disabled.Enabled = false
+		disabled.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		nmd.Policies = []*nmdata.Policy{checked, open, disabled}
+
+		return nmd
+	}
+
+	type snapshot struct {
+		peers              []string
+		postureFailedPeers map[string]map[string]struct{}
+	}
+	snapshotAll := func(nmd *networkmap.NetworkMapData) map[string]snapshot {
+		out := make(map[string]snapshot, len(nmd.Peers))
+		for peerID := range nmd.Peers {
+			c := compute(nmd, peerID)
+			out[peerID] = snapshot{peers: peerIDSet(c.Peers), postureFailedPeers: c.PostureFailedPeers}
+		}
+		return out
+	}
+
+	t.Run("memoized results match direct evaluation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd := newFixture()
+		direct := snapshotAll(nmd)
+
+		nmd.PrecomputePostureValidation()
+		memoized := snapshotAll(nmd)
+
+		require.Len(t, memoized, len(direct))
+		for peerID, want := range direct {
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, want.peers, memoized[peerID].peers, "visible peers changed for %s", peerID)
+			assert.Equal(t, want.postureFailedPeers, memoized[peerID].postureFailedPeers, "posture failures changed for %s", peerID)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("only source peers of enabled checked policies are evaluated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd := newFixture()
+		nmd.PrecomputePostureValidation()
+
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]map[string]bool{
+			"pc-1": {"peer-src-pass": true, "peer-src-fail": false},
+		}, nmd.PostureValidation)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peer source resources are evaluated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd := newFixture()
+		resourcePolicy := newPolicy("p-resource", newRule(nil, []string{"g-dst"}))
+		resourcePolicy.Rules[0].SourceResource = nmdata.Resource{ID: "peer-other", Type: string(nbtypes.ResourceTypePeer)}
+		resourcePolicy.SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-1"}
+		nmd.Policies = append(nmd.Policies, resourcePolicy)
+
+		nmd.PrecomputePostureValidation()
+
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]bool{"peer-src-pass": true, "peer-src-fail": false, "peer-other": false},
+			nmd.PostureValidation["pc-1"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("memoized result wins over direct evaluation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd := newFixture()
+		nmd.PostureValidation = map[string]map[string]bool{
+			"pc-1": {"peer-src-pass": false, "peer-src-fail": true},
+		}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]map[string]struct{}{"pc-1": {"peer-src-pass": {}}}, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no posture checks clears the memo", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd := newFixture()
+		nmd.PrecomputePostureValidation()
+		require.NotEmpty(t, nmd.PostureValidation)
+
+		nmd.PostureChecks = nil
+		nmd.PrecomputePostureValidation()
+
+		assert.Nil(t, nmd.PostureValidation)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unresolvable check id memoized as passing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd := newFixture()
+		nmd.Policies[0].SourcePostureChecks = []string{"pc-ghost"}
+		nmd.PrecomputePostureValidation()
+
+		require.Contains(t, nmd.PostureValidation, "pc-ghost")
+		assert.Nil(t, nmd.PostureValidation["pc-ghost"])
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{targetID, "peer-src-pass", "peer-src-fail", "peer-other"}, peerIDSet(c.Peers))
+		assert.Empty(t, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("peers missing from the memo fall back to direct evaluation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		nmd := newFixture()
+		nmd.PostureValidation = map[string]map[string]bool{"pc-1": {"peer-src-pass": true}}
+
+		c := compute(nmd, targetID)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, map[string]map[string]struct{}{"pc-1": {"peer-src-fail": {}}}, c.PostureFailedPeers)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNetworkMapData_GetPeerGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	target := newPeer(targetID, 1)
+	other := newPeer("peer-other", 2)
+	nmd := newNMD(target, other)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-1", targetID, other.ID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-2", targetID)
+	addGroup(nmd, "g-3", other.ID)
+	nmd.Groups["g-nil"] = nil
+
+	assert.Equal(t, map[string]struct{}{"g-1": {}, "g-2": {}}, nmd.GetPeerGroups(targetID))
+	assert.Empty(t, nmd.GetPeerGroups("missing"))
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/networkmapdata.go b/shared/management/networkmap/networkmapdata.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e0e1c420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/networkmapdata.go
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+// NetworkMapData is a dependency-light, slim twin of the server Account. It
+// carries only the state GetPeerNetworkMapComponents needs, expressed in the
+// fresh nmdata twin types. A builder converts an Account into a NetworkMapData
+// once per account; the per-peer components calculation then runs on this twin
+// with no reference back to the Account.
+type NetworkMapData struct { //nolint:revive // established name across the codebase
+	Peers            map[string]*nmdata.Peer
+	Groups           map[string]*nmdata.Group
+	Policies         []*nmdata.Policy
+	Routes           []*nmdata.Route
+	NameServerGroups []*nmdata.NameServerGroup
+	NetworkResources []*nmdata.NetworkResource
+
+	Network         *nmdata.Network
+	DNSSettings     *nmdata.DNSSettings
+	AccountSettings *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo
+
+	PostureChecks map[string]*nmdata.PostureChecks
+
+	// PostureValidation holds the precomputed posture-check results, keyed by
+	// posture check ID then peer ID. Filled by PrecomputePostureValidation; a
+	// present but nil inner map marks a check ID that resolves to no posture
+	// check, which the calc treats as passing.
+	PostureValidation map[string]map[string]bool
+
+	AllowedUserIDs            map[string]struct{}
+	NetworkXIDToPublicID      map[string]string
+	PostureCheckXIDToPublicID map[string]string
+	ValidatedPeers            map[string]struct{}
+	ResourcePolicies          map[string][]*nmdata.Policy
+	Routers                   map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter
+	GroupIDToUserIDs          map[string][]string
+	DNSDomain                 string
+
+	// ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs is the account-level half of
+	// forcesRoutingPeerDNSResolution: domain network resources targeted by an
+	// enabled reverse-proxy service.
+	ProxyTargetedDomainResourceIDs map[string]struct{}
+
+	AppliedZoneCandidates    []AppliedZoneCandidate
+	PrivateServiceCandidates []PrivateServiceCandidate
+
+	// Services are the account's reverse-proxy services, persisted ones and
+	// the in-memory ones synthesised from agent-network state. They are the
+	// source of the proxy ACLs injectProxyPolicies synthesises, which no
+	// builder can load because they are never written to the database.
+	Services []*nmdata.Service
+
+	// Domains are the account's registered reverse-proxy domains, used to
+	// resolve the zone apex a private service's records hang under.
+	Domains []nmdata.ProxyDomain
+
+	peerGroupsOnce sync.Once
+	peerGroupsIdx  map[string]map[string]struct{}
+
+	proxyPoliciesOnce sync.Once
+}
+
+// AppliedZoneCandidate is an account-level custom DNS zone reduced to the
+// per-peer decision the components calc still makes: include the zone only when
+// the peer belongs to one of its distribution groups. Record conversion is done
+// once at build time.
+type AppliedZoneCandidate struct {
+	DistributionGroups []string
+	Zone               nmdata.CustomZone
+}
+
+// PrivateServiceCandidate is a single private service's synthesized records,
+// carried per apex zone. The builder resolves proxy-cluster connectivity and
+// domain-suffix matching once; the calc merges the candidates whose AccessGroups
+// the peer belongs to, grouped by Zone.Domain.
+type PrivateServiceCandidate struct {
+	AccessGroups []string
+	Zone         nmdata.CustomZone
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/account_settings.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/account_settings.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57e29e838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/account_settings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import "time"
+
+// AccountSettingsInfo is the slim twin of types.AccountSettingsInfo.
+type AccountSettingsInfo struct {
+	PeerLoginExpirationEnabled      bool
+	PeerLoginExpiration             time.Duration
+	PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled bool
+	PeerInactivityExpiration        time.Duration
+	DNSDomain                       string
+	IPv6EnabledGroups               []string
+	RoutingPeerDNSResolutionEnabled bool
+	LazyConnectionEnabled           bool
+	AutoUpdateVersion               string
+	AutoUpdateAlways                bool
+	MetricsPushEnabled              bool
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/dns.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/dns.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe681af1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/dns.go
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package nmdata
+
+// SimpleRecord is the slim twin of dns.SimpleRecord.
+type SimpleRecord struct {
+	Name  string
+	Type  int
+	Class string
+	TTL   int
+	RData string
+}
+
+// CustomZone is the slim twin of dns.CustomZone.
+type CustomZone struct {
+	Domain               string
+	Records              []SimpleRecord
+	SearchDomainDisabled bool
+	NonAuthoritative     bool
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/dns_settings.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/dns_settings.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..69fd5f517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/dns_settings.go
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package nmdata
+
+// DNSSettings is the slim twin of types.DNSSettings.
+type DNSSettings struct {
+	DisabledManagementGroups []string
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/group.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/group.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cd2cd15e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/group.go
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import "slices"
+
+// GroupAllName is the reserved name of the default group that contains every
+// peer in an account.
+const GroupAllName = "All"
+
+// Group is the slim twin of types.Group.
+type Group struct {
+	ID        string
+	Name      string
+	PublicID  string
+	Peers     []string
+	Resources []Resource
+}
+
+func (g *Group) IsGroupAll() bool {
+	return g.Name == GroupAllName
+}
+
+func (g *Group) Copy() *Group {
+	return &Group{
+		ID:        g.ID,
+		Name:      g.Name,
+		PublicID:  g.PublicID,
+		Peers:     slices.Clone(g.Peers),
+		Resources: slices.Clone(g.Resources),
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/group_test.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/group_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..20aaa240f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/group_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestGroupCopy_AllFieldsCopied fills every Group field with a unique non-zero
+// value derived from its field path, so a field added to Group but forgotten
+// in Copy fails here by name without the test needing an update. The unique
+// per-path values also catch fields swapped inside Copy.
+func TestGroupCopy_AllFieldsCopied(t *testing.T) {
+	src := &Group{}
+	seed := 0
+	fillValue(t, reflect.ValueOf(src).Elem(), "Group", &seed)
+
+	copied := src.Copy()
+
+	srcV := reflect.ValueOf(src).Elem()
+	copiedV := reflect.ValueOf(copied).Elem()
+	for i := 0; i < srcV.NumField(); i++ {
+		name := srcV.Type().Field(i).Name
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(srcV.Field(i).Interface(), copiedV.Field(i).Interface()) {
+			t.Errorf("field %s not copied: src=%#v copy=%#v",
+				name, srcV.Field(i).Interface(), copiedV.Field(i).Interface())
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < srcV.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := srcV.Field(i)
+		if f.Kind() != reflect.Slice || f.Len() == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		name := srcV.Type().Field(i).Name
+		fillValue(t, f.Index(0), name+"-mutated", &seed)
+		if reflect.DeepEqual(f.Interface(), copiedV.Field(i).Interface()) {
+			t.Errorf("field %s shares memory with the copy", name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// fillValue sets v to a deterministic non-zero value derived from its field
+// path. Kinds it does not handle fail the test loudly, so the filler is
+// extended together with the struct instead of silently under-testing new
+// fields.
+func fillValue(t *testing.T, v reflect.Value, path string, seed *int) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		v.SetString(path)
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		v.SetBool(true)
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		*seed++
+		v.SetInt(int64(*seed))
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		*seed++
+		v.SetUint(uint64(*seed))
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		*seed++
+		v.SetFloat(float64(*seed))
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		s := reflect.MakeSlice(v.Type(), 2, 2)
+		fillValue(t, s.Index(0), path+"[0]", seed)
+		fillValue(t, s.Index(1), path+"[1]", seed)
+		v.Set(s)
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		settable := 0
+		for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
+			f := v.Field(i)
+			if !f.CanSet() {
+				continue
+			}
+			settable++
+			fillValue(t, f, path+"."+v.Type().Field(i).Name, seed)
+		}
+		if settable == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("struct %s at %s has no settable fields — extend fillValue to construct it", v.Type(), path)
+		}
+	default:
+		t.Fatalf("unsupported kind %s at %s — extend fillValue", v.Kind(), path)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/nameserver.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/nameserver.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2698dd8d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/nameserver.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import "net/netip"
+
+// NameServerGroup is the slim twin of dns.NameServerGroup.
+type NameServerGroup struct {
+	ID                   string
+	PublicID             string
+	Name                 string
+	Description          string
+	NameServers          []NameServer
+	Groups               []string
+	Primary              bool
+	Domains              []string
+	Enabled              bool
+	SearchDomainsEnabled bool
+}
+
+// NameServer is the slim twin of dns.NameServer.
+type NameServer struct {
+	IP     netip.Addr
+	NSType int
+	Port   int
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/network.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/network.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..72b6502ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/network.go
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import "net"
+
+// Network is the slim twin of types.Network.
+type Network struct {
+	Identifier string
+	Net        net.IPNet
+	NetV6      net.IPNet
+	Dns        string
+	Serial     int64
+}
+
+func (n *Network) CurrentSerial() uint64 {
+	return uint64(n.Serial)
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/network_resource.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/network_resource.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44f3c477b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/network_resource.go
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import "net/netip"
+
+// NetworkResource is the slim twin of resources/types.NetworkResource.
+type NetworkResource struct {
+	ID          string
+	NetworkID   string
+	AccountID   string
+	PublicID    string
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	Type        string
+	Address     string // TODO: isn't persisted in the DB
+	Domain      string
+	Prefix      netip.Prefix
+	Enabled     bool
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/network_router.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/network_router.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fd5df37c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/network_router.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package nmdata
+
+// NetworkRouter is the slim twin of routers/types.NetworkRouter.
+type NetworkRouter struct {
+	PublicID   string
+	PeerGroups []string
+	Masquerade bool
+	Metric     int
+	Enabled    bool
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/peer.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/peer.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78df77b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/peer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Peer capability constants mirror the proto enum values.
+const (
+	PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes      int32 = 1
+	PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay         int32 = 2
+	PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap int32 = 3
+)
+
+// Peer is the slim twin of peer.Peer.
+type Peer struct {
+	ID                     string
+	Key                    string
+	SSHKey                 string
+	DNSLabel               string
+	UserID                 string
+	SSHEnabled             bool
+	LoginExpirationEnabled bool
+	LastLogin              *time.Time
+	IP                     netip.Addr
+	IPv6                   netip.Addr
+	RequiresApproval       bool
+	Connected              bool
+	ExtraDNSLabels         []string
+	Meta                   PeerSystemMeta
+	ProxyMeta              ProxyMeta
+	Location               PeerLocation
+}
+
+// ProxyMeta is the slim twin of peer.ProxyMeta.
+type ProxyMeta struct {
+	Embedded bool
+	Cluster  string
+}
+
+// ProxyDomain is the slim twin of a registered reverse-proxy domain, carrying
+// what private-service zone resolution needs: the apex a service domain can sit
+// under, and the cluster it is registered against.
+type ProxyDomain struct {
+	Domain        string
+	TargetCluster string
+}
+
+// PeerSystemMeta is the slim twin of peer.PeerSystemMeta.
+type PeerSystemMeta struct {
+	WtVersion          string
+	GoOS               string
+	OSVersion          string
+	KernelVersion      string
+	NetworkAddresses   []NetworkAddress
+	Files              []File
+	Capabilities       []int32
+	Flags              Flags
+	SyncMessageVersion int
+}
+
+// Flags is the slim twin of peer.Flags.
+type Flags struct {
+	ServerSSHAllowed bool
+	DisableIPv6      bool
+}
+
+// NetworkAddress is the slim twin of peer.NetworkAddress.
+type NetworkAddress struct {
+	NetIP netip.Prefix
+}
+
+// File is the slim twin of peer.File.
+type File struct {
+	Path             string
+	ProcessIsRunning bool
+}
+
+// PeerLocation is the slim twin of peer.Location.
+type PeerLocation struct {
+	CountryCode  string
+	CityName     string
+	ConnectionIP net.IP
+}
+
+func (p *Peer) HasCapability(capability int32) bool {
+	return slices.Contains(p.Meta.Capabilities, capability)
+}
+
+func (p *Peer) SupportsIPv6() bool {
+	return !p.Meta.Flags.DisableIPv6 && p.HasCapability(PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay)
+}
+
+func (p *Peer) SupportsSourcePrefixes() bool {
+	return p.HasCapability(PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes)
+}
+
+func (p *Peer) AddedWithSSOLogin() bool {
+	return p.UserID != ""
+}
+
+func (p *Peer) FQDN(dnsDomain string) string {
+	if dnsDomain == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return p.DNSLabel + "." + dnsDomain
+}
+
+func (p *Peer) GetLastLogin() time.Time {
+	if p.LastLogin != nil {
+		return *p.LastLogin
+	}
+	return time.Time{}
+}
+
+// SessionExpiresAt mirrors peer.Peer.SessionExpiresAt.
+func (p *Peer) SessionExpiresAt(accountExpirationEnabled bool, expiresIn time.Duration) time.Time {
+	if !accountExpirationEnabled || !p.AddedWithSSOLogin() || !p.LoginExpirationEnabled {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	last := p.GetLastLogin()
+	if last.IsZero() {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	return last.Add(expiresIn).UTC()
+}
+
+func (p *Peer) LoginExpired(expiresIn time.Duration) (bool, time.Duration) {
+	if !p.AddedWithSSOLogin() || !p.LoginExpirationEnabled {
+		return false, 0
+	}
+	expiresAt := p.GetLastLogin().Add(expiresIn)
+	now := time.Now()
+	timeLeft := expiresAt.Sub(now)
+	return timeLeft <= 0, timeLeft
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/policy.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/policy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..df0c77518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/policy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package nmdata
+
+const (
+	policyRuleProtocolALL = "all"
+	policyRuleProtocolTCP = "tcp"
+
+	defaultSSHPortString        = "22"
+	nativeSSHPortString         = "22022"
+	defaultSSHPortNumber uint16 = 22
+	nativeSSHPortNumber  uint16 = 22022
+)
+
+// Policy is the slim twin of types.Policy.
+type Policy struct {
+	ID                  string
+	PublicID            string
+	Enabled             bool
+	SourcePostureChecks []string
+	Rules               []*PolicyRule
+}
+
+// PolicyRule is the slim twin of types.PolicyRule.
+type PolicyRule struct {
+	ID                  string
+	PolicyID            string
+	Enabled             bool
+	Action              string
+	Protocol            string
+	Bidirectional       bool
+	Sources             []string
+	Destinations        []string
+	SourceResource      Resource
+	DestinationResource Resource
+	Ports               []string
+	PortRanges          []RulePortRange
+	AuthorizedGroups    map[string][]string
+	AuthorizedUser      string
+}
+
+// RulePortRange is the slim twin of types.RulePortRange.
+type RulePortRange struct {
+	Start uint16
+	End   uint16
+}
+
+// Resource is the slim twin of types.Resource.
+type Resource struct {
+	ID   string
+	Type string
+}
+
+func (p *Policy) SourceGroups() []string {
+	if len(p.Rules) == 1 && p.Rules[0] != nil {
+		return p.Rules[0].Sources
+	}
+	groups := make(map[string]struct{}, len(p.Rules))
+	for _, rule := range p.Rules {
+		if rule == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, source := range rule.Sources {
+			groups[source] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	groupIDs := make([]string, 0, len(groups))
+	for groupID := range groups {
+		groupIDs = append(groupIDs, groupID)
+	}
+
+	return groupIDs
+}
+
+// PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH is the twin-typed sibling of types.PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH.
+func PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule *PolicyRule) bool {
+	return rule.Protocol == policyRuleProtocolALL ||
+		(rule.Protocol == policyRuleProtocolTCP && (portsIncludesSSH(rule.Ports) || portRangeIncludesSSH(rule.PortRanges)))
+}
+
+func portRangeIncludesSSH(portRanges []RulePortRange) bool {
+	for _, pr := range portRanges {
+		if (pr.Start <= defaultSSHPortNumber && pr.End >= defaultSSHPortNumber) || (pr.Start <= nativeSSHPortNumber && pr.End >= nativeSSHPortNumber) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func portsIncludesSSH(ports []string) bool {
+	for _, port := range ports {
+		if port == defaultSSHPortString || port == nativeSSHPortString {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a6b028c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture.go
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package nmdata
+
+const (
+	checkActionAllow = "allow"
+	checkActionDeny  = "deny"
+)
+
+// PostureChecks is the slim twin of posture.Checks.
+type PostureChecks struct {
+	ID     string
+	Checks ChecksDefinition
+}
+
+// ChecksDefinition is the slim twin of posture.ChecksDefinition.
+type ChecksDefinition struct {
+	NBVersionCheck        *NBVersionCheck
+	OSVersionCheck        *OSVersionCheck
+	GeoLocationCheck      *GeoLocationCheck
+	PeerNetworkRangeCheck *PeerNetworkRangeCheck
+	ProcessCheck          *ProcessCheck
+}
+
+// Check is the slim twin of posture.Check. It is sealed: only the check types
+// in this package implement it.
+type Check interface {
+	check(peer *Peer) (bool, error)
+}
+
+// Passes reports whether the peer satisfies every check in this bundle. It
+// mirrors the server posture path: a check returning (false, _) — including on
+// an evaluation error — fails the bundle.
+func (pc *PostureChecks) Passes(peer *Peer) bool {
+	return PassesChecks(pc.GetChecks(), peer)
+}
+
+// PassesChecks is Passes over an already built check set, for callers that
+// evaluate many peers against the same bundle.
+func PassesChecks(checks []Check, peer *Peer) bool {
+	for _, c := range checks {
+		valid, _ := c.check(peer)
+		if !valid {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// PostureVerdictChanged reports whether any check in the bundles gives a different
+// verdict for newPeer than for oldPeer. Checks are replayed one by one, so a change
+// that moves a field but stays on the same side of a threshold does not count. An
+// evaluation error is a deny, like in PassesChecks.
+func PostureVerdictChanged(checks []*PostureChecks, oldPeer, newPeer *Peer) bool {
+	for _, pc := range checks {
+		for _, c := range pc.GetChecks() {
+			single := []Check{c}
+			if PassesChecks(single, oldPeer) != PassesChecks(single, newPeer) {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// GetChecks returns the initialized checks in the same order as posture.Checks.GetChecks.
+func (pc *PostureChecks) GetChecks() []Check {
+	var checks []Check
+	if pc.Checks.NBVersionCheck != nil {
+		checks = append(checks, pc.Checks.NBVersionCheck)
+	}
+	if pc.Checks.OSVersionCheck != nil {
+		checks = append(checks, pc.Checks.OSVersionCheck)
+	}
+	if pc.Checks.GeoLocationCheck != nil {
+		checks = append(checks, pc.Checks.GeoLocationCheck)
+	}
+	if pc.Checks.PeerNetworkRangeCheck != nil {
+		checks = append(checks, pc.Checks.PeerNetworkRangeCheck)
+	}
+	if pc.Checks.ProcessCheck != nil {
+		checks = append(checks, pc.Checks.ProcessCheck)
+	}
+	return checks
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_geo_location.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_geo_location.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18b0919b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_geo_location.go
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// GeoLocation is the slim twin of posture.Location.
+type GeoLocation struct {
+	CountryCode string
+	CityName    string
+}
+
+// GeoLocationCheck is the slim twin of posture.GeoLocationCheck.
+type GeoLocationCheck struct {
+	Locations []GeoLocation
+	Action    string
+}
+
+func (g *GeoLocationCheck) check(peer *Peer) (bool, error) {
+	if peer.Location.CountryCode == "" && peer.Location.CityName == "" {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("peer's location is not set")
+	}
+
+	for _, loc := range g.Locations {
+		if loc.CountryCode == peer.Location.CountryCode {
+			if loc.CityName == "" || loc.CityName == peer.Location.CityName {
+				switch g.Action {
+				case checkActionDeny:
+					return false, nil
+				case checkActionAllow:
+					return true, nil
+				default:
+					return false, fmt.Errorf("invalid geo location action: %s", g.Action)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if g.Action == checkActionDeny {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	if g.Action == checkActionAllow {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	return false, fmt.Errorf("invalid geo location action: %s", g.Action)
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_nb_version.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_nb_version.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d82a4c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_nb_version.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+)
+
+// NBVersionCheck is the slim twin of posture.NBVersionCheck.
+type NBVersionCheck struct {
+	MinVersion string
+}
+
+func (n *NBVersionCheck) check(peer *Peer) (bool, error) {
+	return meetsMinVersion(n.MinVersion, peer.Meta.WtVersion)
+}
+
+func meetsMinVersion(minVer, peerVer string) (bool, error) {
+	peerVer = sanitizeVersion(peerVer)
+	minVer = sanitizeVersion(minVer)
+
+	peerNBVer, err := version.NewVersion(peerVer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	constraints, err := version.NewConstraint(">= " + minVer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return constraints.Check(peerNBVer), nil
+}
+
+func sanitizeVersion(v string) string {
+	parts := strings.Split(v, "-")
+	return parts[0]
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_network.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_network.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8dd2cf00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_network.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+)
+
+// PeerNetworkRangeCheck is the slim twin of posture.PeerNetworkRangeCheck.
+type PeerNetworkRangeCheck struct {
+	Action string
+	Ranges []netip.Prefix
+}
+
+func (p *PeerNetworkRangeCheck) check(peer *Peer) (bool, error) {
+	peerPrefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(peer.Meta.NetworkAddresses)+1)
+	for _, peerNetAddr := range peer.Meta.NetworkAddresses {
+		peerPrefixes = append(peerPrefixes, peerNetAddr.NetIP)
+	}
+	if connIP := peer.Location.ConnectionIP; len(connIP) > 0 {
+		if addr, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(connIP); ok {
+			addr = addr.Unmap()
+			peerPrefixes = append(peerPrefixes, netip.PrefixFrom(addr, addr.BitLen()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(peerPrefixes) == 0 {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("peer's does not contain peer network range addresses")
+	}
+
+	for _, peerPrefix := range peerPrefixes {
+		for _, rangePrefix := range p.Ranges {
+			if !prefixContains(rangePrefix, peerPrefix) {
+				continue
+			}
+			switch p.Action {
+			case checkActionDeny:
+				return false, nil
+			case checkActionAllow:
+				return true, nil
+			default:
+				return false, fmt.Errorf("invalid peer network range check action: %s", p.Action)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if p.Action == checkActionDeny {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+	if p.Action == checkActionAllow {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	return false, fmt.Errorf("invalid peer network range check action: %s", p.Action)
+}
+
+func prefixContains(outer, inner netip.Prefix) bool {
+	outer = outer.Masked()
+	inner = inner.Masked()
+	return outer.Bits() <= inner.Bits() &&
+		outer.Addr().BitLen() == inner.Addr().BitLen() &&
+		outer.Contains(inner.Addr())
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_os_version.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_os_version.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..779bd2ac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_os_version.go
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+)
+
+// MinVersionCheck is the slim twin of posture.MinVersionCheck.
+type MinVersionCheck struct {
+	MinVersion string
+}
+
+// MinKernelVersionCheck is the slim twin of posture.MinKernelVersionCheck.
+type MinKernelVersionCheck struct {
+	MinKernelVersion string
+}
+
+// OSVersionCheck is the slim twin of posture.OSVersionCheck.
+type OSVersionCheck struct {
+	Android *MinVersionCheck
+	Darwin  *MinVersionCheck
+	Ios     *MinVersionCheck
+	Linux   *MinKernelVersionCheck
+	Windows *MinKernelVersionCheck
+}
+
+func (c *OSVersionCheck) check(peer *Peer) (bool, error) {
+	switch peer.Meta.GoOS {
+	case "android":
+		return checkMinVersion(peer.Meta.OSVersion, c.Android)
+	case "darwin":
+		return checkMinVersion(peer.Meta.OSVersion, c.Darwin)
+	case "ios":
+		return checkMinVersion(peer.Meta.OSVersion, c.Ios)
+	case "linux":
+		kernelVersion := strings.Split(peer.Meta.KernelVersion, "-")[0]
+		return checkMinKernelVersion(kernelVersion, c.Linux)
+	case "windows":
+		return checkMinKernelVersion(peer.Meta.KernelVersion, c.Windows)
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func checkMinVersion(peerVersion string, check *MinVersionCheck) (bool, error) {
+	if check == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	peerNBVersion, err := version.NewVersion(peerVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	constraints, err := version.NewConstraint(">= " + check.MinVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return constraints.Check(peerNBVersion), nil
+}
+
+func checkMinKernelVersion(peerVersion string, check *MinKernelVersionCheck) (bool, error) {
+	if check == nil {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	peerNBVersion, err := version.NewVersion(peerVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	constraints, err := version.NewConstraint(">= " + check.MinKernelVersion)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return constraints.Check(peerNBVersion), nil
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_process.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_process.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d35613b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_process.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+)
+
+// Process is the slim twin of posture.Process.
+type Process struct {
+	LinuxPath   string
+	MacPath     string
+	WindowsPath string
+}
+
+// ProcessCheck is the slim twin of posture.ProcessCheck.
+type ProcessCheck struct {
+	Processes []Process
+}
+
+func (p *ProcessCheck) check(peer *Peer) (bool, error) {
+	peerActiveProcesses := extractPeerActiveProcesses(peer.Meta.Files)
+
+	var pathSelector func(Process) string
+	switch peer.Meta.GoOS {
+	case "linux":
+		pathSelector = func(process Process) string { return process.LinuxPath }
+	case "darwin":
+		pathSelector = func(process Process) string { return process.MacPath }
+	case "windows":
+		pathSelector = func(process Process) string { return process.WindowsPath }
+	default:
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("unsupported peer's operating system: %s", peer.Meta.GoOS)
+	}
+
+	return p.areAllProcessesRunning(peerActiveProcesses, pathSelector), nil
+}
+
+func (p *ProcessCheck) areAllProcessesRunning(activeProcesses []string, pathSelector func(Process) string) bool {
+	for _, process := range p.Processes {
+		path := pathSelector(process)
+		if path == "" || !slices.Contains(activeProcesses, path) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func extractPeerActiveProcesses(files []File) []string {
+	activeProcesses := make([]string, 0, len(files))
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if file.ProcessIsRunning {
+			activeProcesses = append(activeProcesses, file.Path)
+		}
+	}
+	return activeProcesses
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_test.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..13e5f268e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/posture_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func bundle(def ChecksDefinition) []*PostureChecks {
+	return []*PostureChecks{{Checks: def}}
+}
+
+func TestPostureVerdictChanged_ErrorCountsAsDeny(t *testing.T) {
+	c := bundle(ChecksDefinition{NBVersionCheck: &NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "1.2.0"}})
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		oldVer, newVer string
+		want           bool
+	}{
+		{"both above min, no flip", "1.3.0", "1.4.0", false},
+		{"crosses up below->above", "1.1.0", "1.3.0", true},
+		{"unparsable old only -> flip", "garbage", "1.3.0", true},
+		{"unparsable both -> no flip", "garbage", "junk", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			oldPeer := &Peer{Meta: PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: tt.oldVer}}
+			newPeer := &Peer{Meta: PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: tt.newVer}}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, PostureVerdictChanged(c, oldPeer, newPeer))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPostureVerdictChanged_ReplaysEachCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	// Old fails the version check, new fails the kernel check: the bundle denies on
+	// both sides, yet every single check flipped, so the posture must be re-evaluated.
+	c := bundle(ChecksDefinition{
+		NBVersionCheck: &NBVersionCheck{MinVersion: "1.0.0"},
+		OSVersionCheck: &OSVersionCheck{Linux: &MinKernelVersionCheck{MinKernelVersion: "5.0.0"}},
+	})
+	oldPeer := &Peer{Meta: PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "0.9.0", GoOS: "linux", KernelVersion: "6.0.0"}}
+	newPeer := &Peer{Meta: PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "1.1.0", GoOS: "linux", KernelVersion: "4.0.0"}}
+
+	assert.False(t, c[0].Passes(oldPeer))
+	assert.False(t, c[0].Passes(newPeer))
+	assert.True(t, PostureVerdictChanged(c, oldPeer, newPeer))
+}
+
+func TestPostureVerdictChanged_NoChecks(t *testing.T) {
+	oldPeer := &Peer{Meta: PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "1.0.0"}}
+	newPeer := &Peer{Meta: PeerSystemMeta{WtVersion: "2.0.0"}}
+	assert.False(t, PostureVerdictChanged(nil, oldPeer, newPeer))
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/route.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/route.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2301f094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/route.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package nmdata
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+)
+
+// NetworkType mirrors route.NetworkType iota values.
+const (
+	NetworkTypeInvalid = 0
+	NetworkTypeIPv4    = 1
+	NetworkTypeIPv6    = 2
+	NetworkTypeDomain  = 3
+
+	haSeparator = "|"
+)
+
+// Route is the slim twin of route.Route.
+type Route struct {
+	ID                  string
+	AccountID           string
+	PublicID            string
+	Network             netip.Prefix
+	Domains             domain.List
+	KeepRoute           bool
+	NetID               string
+	Description         string
+	Peer                string
+	PeerID              string
+	PeerGroups          []string
+	NetworkType         int
+	Masquerade          bool
+	Metric              int
+	Enabled             bool
+	Groups              []string
+	AccessControlGroups []string
+	SkipAutoApply       bool
+}
+
+func (r *Route) Equal(other *Route) bool {
+	if r == nil && other == nil {
+		return true
+	} else if r == nil || other == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return other.ID == r.ID &&
+		other.Description == r.Description &&
+		other.NetID == r.NetID &&
+		other.Network == r.Network &&
+		slices.Equal(r.Domains, other.Domains) &&
+		other.KeepRoute == r.KeepRoute &&
+		other.NetworkType == r.NetworkType &&
+		other.Peer == r.Peer &&
+		other.PeerID == r.PeerID &&
+		other.Metric == r.Metric &&
+		other.Masquerade == r.Masquerade &&
+		other.Enabled == r.Enabled &&
+		slices.Equal(r.Groups, other.Groups) &&
+		slices.Equal(r.PeerGroups, other.PeerGroups) &&
+		slices.Equal(r.AccessControlGroups, other.AccessControlGroups) &&
+		other.SkipAutoApply == r.SkipAutoApply
+}
+
+func (r *Route) IsDynamic() bool {
+	return r.NetworkType == NetworkTypeDomain
+}
+
+func (r *Route) NetString() string {
+	if r.IsDynamic() && r.Domains != nil {
+		return r.Domains.SafeString()
+	}
+	return r.Network.String()
+}
+
+func (r *Route) GetHAUniqueID() string {
+	return r.NetID + haSeparator + r.NetString()
+}
+
+func (r *Route) GetResourceID() string {
+	return strings.Split(r.ID, ":")[0]
+}
+
+func (r *Route) Copy() *Route {
+	return &Route{
+		ID:                  r.ID,
+		AccountID:           r.AccountID,
+		PublicID:            r.PublicID,
+		Network:             r.Network,
+		Domains:             slices.Clone(r.Domains),
+		KeepRoute:           r.KeepRoute,
+		NetID:               r.NetID,
+		Description:         r.Description,
+		Peer:                r.Peer,
+		PeerID:              r.PeerID,
+		PeerGroups:          slices.Clone(r.PeerGroups),
+		NetworkType:         r.NetworkType,
+		Masquerade:          r.Masquerade,
+		Metric:              r.Metric,
+		Enabled:             r.Enabled,
+		Groups:              slices.Clone(r.Groups),
+		AccessControlGroups: slices.Clone(r.AccessControlGroups),
+		SkipAutoApply:       r.SkipAutoApply,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/service.go b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/service.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a28e7a954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata/service.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package nmdata
+
+// Service is the slim twin of the reverse-proxy service.Service. It carries
+// only the state proxy-policy injection reads: the persisted reverse-proxy
+// services and the in-memory ones synthesised from agent-network state, which
+// are never written to the database.
+type Service struct {
+	ID           string
+	Enabled      bool
+	Private      bool
+	Mode         string
+	Domain       string
+	ProxyCluster string
+	AccessGroups []string
+	Targets      []*ServiceTarget
+}
+
+// ServiceTarget is the slim twin of service.Target.
+type ServiceTarget struct {
+	Enabled    bool
+	Path       string
+	Port       uint16
+	Protocol   string
+	TargetID   string
+	TargetType string
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/peers_custom_zone.go b/shared/management/networkmap/peers_custom_zone.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..063844358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/peers_custom_zone.go
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+const peersZoneRecordTTL = 300
+
+// PeersCustomZone builds the peers DNS zone from twin peer rows. It is the
+// single source of the zone-record logic; Account.GetPeersCustomZone delegates
+// here via twins.
+func PeersCustomZone(ctx context.Context, accountID string, dnsDomain string, peers map[string]*nmdata.Peer, ipv6AllowedPeers map[string]struct{}) nmdata.CustomZone {
+	var merr *multierror.Error
+
+	if dnsDomain == "" {
+		log.WithContext(ctx).Error("no dns domain is set, returning empty zone")
+		return nmdata.CustomZone{}
+	}
+
+	customZone := nmdata.CustomZone{
+		Domain:  dns.Fqdn(dnsDomain),
+		Records: make([]nmdata.SimpleRecord, 0, len(peers)),
+	}
+
+	domainSuffix := "." + dnsDomain
+
+	var sb strings.Builder
+	for _, peer := range peers {
+		if peer == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if peer.DNSLabel == "" {
+			merr = multierror.Append(merr, fmt.Errorf("peer %s has an empty DNS label", peer.ID))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		sb.Grow(len(peer.DNSLabel) + len(domainSuffix))
+		sb.WriteString(peer.DNSLabel)
+		sb.WriteString(domainSuffix)
+
+		fqdn := sb.String()
+		customZone.Records = append(customZone.Records, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+			Name:  fqdn,
+			Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+			Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+			TTL:   peersZoneRecordTTL,
+			RData: peer.IP.String(),
+		})
+		// Only advertise AAAA for peers that have a valid IPv6, whose client supports it,
+		// and that belong to an IPv6-enabled group. Old clients don't configure v6 on their
+		// WireGuard interface, so resolving their AAAA causes connections to hang.
+		// Capability changes (client upgrade/downgrade, --disable-ipv6 toggle) propagate
+		// to other peers via SyncPeer/LoginPeer regardless of version change, so AAAA
+		// records refresh when a peer first reports the IPv6 overlay capability.
+		_, peerAllowed := ipv6AllowedPeers[peer.ID]
+		hasIPv6 := peer.IPv6.IsValid() && peer.SupportsIPv6() && peerAllowed
+		if hasIPv6 {
+			customZone.Records = append(customZone.Records, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+				Name:  fqdn,
+				Type:  int(dns.TypeAAAA),
+				Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+				TTL:   peersZoneRecordTTL,
+				RData: peer.IPv6.String(),
+			})
+		}
+		sb.Reset()
+
+		for _, extraLabel := range peer.ExtraDNSLabels {
+			sb.Grow(len(extraLabel) + len(domainSuffix))
+			sb.WriteString(extraLabel)
+			sb.WriteString(domainSuffix)
+
+			extraFqdn := sb.String()
+			customZone.Records = append(customZone.Records, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+				Name:  extraFqdn,
+				Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+				Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+				TTL:   peersZoneRecordTTL,
+				RData: peer.IP.String(),
+			})
+			if hasIPv6 {
+				customZone.Records = append(customZone.Records, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+					Name:  extraFqdn,
+					Type:  int(dns.TypeAAAA),
+					Class: nbdns.DefaultClass,
+					TTL:   peersZoneRecordTTL,
+					RData: peer.IPv6.String(),
+				})
+			}
+			sb.Reset()
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		if merr != nil {
+			log.WithContext(ctx).Errorf("error generating custom zone for account %s: %v", accountID, merr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return customZone
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/privatezones.go b/shared/management/networkmap/privatezones.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07643c7af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/privatezones.go
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+// privateServiceDNSRecordTTL is short so proxy-peer changes propagate quickly.
+const privateServiceDNSRecordTTL = 5
+
+// BuildPrivateServiceCandidates derives the per-service DNS records a private
+// service publishes, from the twin's own services. It is the counterpart of
+// InjectProxyPolicies: that one synthesises the ACL half of a private service,
+// this one the DNS half, and both read nmd.Services so a service added to the
+// twin after it was loaded — an agent-network service is synthesised in memory
+// and never persisted — reaches the peer with both halves rather than one.
+//
+// The per-peer access-group gate and the merge by apex stay in the components
+// calculation; this only precomputes what is account-wide.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) BuildPrivateServiceCandidates() {
+	if len(nmd.Services) == 0 {
+		nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates = nil
+		return
+	}
+
+	proxyPeersByCluster := nmd.connectedProxyPeersByCluster()
+	if len(proxyPeersByCluster) == 0 {
+		nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates = nil
+		return
+	}
+
+	var out []PrivateServiceCandidate
+	for _, svc := range nmd.Services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled || !svc.Private || len(svc.AccessGroups) == 0 || svc.Domain == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		proxyPeers := proxyPeersByCluster[svc.ProxyCluster]
+		if len(proxyPeers) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		apex := nmd.privateServiceApex(svc)
+		if apex == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		records := make([]nmdata.SimpleRecord, 0, len(proxyPeers))
+		for _, p := range proxyPeers {
+			records = append(records, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+				Name:  dns.Fqdn(svc.Domain),
+				Type:  int(dns.TypeA),
+				Class: "IN",
+				TTL:   privateServiceDNSRecordTTL,
+				RData: p.IP.String(),
+			})
+		}
+
+		out = append(out, PrivateServiceCandidate{
+			AccessGroups: svc.AccessGroups,
+			Zone: nmdata.CustomZone{
+				// NonAuthoritative keeps the zone match-only, so names without
+				// an explicit record fall through to the upstream resolver
+				// instead of returning NXDOMAIN for the whole apex.
+				Domain:               dns.Fqdn(apex),
+				Records:              records,
+				NonAuthoritative:     true,
+				SearchDomainDisabled: true,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+
+	nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates = out
+}
+
+// privateServiceApex resolves the zone a service's record hangs under: the
+// cluster when the service sits directly beneath it, otherwise the longest
+// registered custom domain pointing at that same cluster. A service whose
+// domain matches no registered apex publishes nothing, since a zone the client
+// never intercepts cannot answer the query.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) privateServiceApex(svc *nmdata.Service) string {
+	if domainUnderSuffix(svc.Domain, svc.ProxyCluster) {
+		return svc.ProxyCluster
+	}
+
+	apex := ""
+	for _, d := range nmd.Domains {
+		if d.TargetCluster != svc.ProxyCluster {
+			continue
+		}
+		if domainUnderSuffix(svc.Domain, d.Domain) && len(d.Domain) > len(apex) {
+			apex = d.Domain
+		}
+	}
+	return apex
+}
+
+func domainUnderSuffix(domain, suffix string) bool {
+	if suffix == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return domain == suffix || strings.HasSuffix(domain, "."+suffix)
+}
+
+// connectedProxyPeersByCluster groups the account's embedded proxy peers by the
+// cluster they serve, keeping only connected ones.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) connectedProxyPeersByCluster() map[string][]*nmdata.Peer {
+	var out map[string][]*nmdata.Peer
+	for _, peer := range nmd.Peers {
+		if peer == nil || !peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded || !peer.Connected || !peer.IP.IsValid() {
+			continue
+		}
+		if out == nil {
+			out = make(map[string][]*nmdata.Peer)
+		}
+		out[peer.ProxyMeta.Cluster] = append(out[peer.ProxyMeta.Cluster], peer)
+	}
+	for _, peers := range out {
+		slices.SortFunc(peers, func(a, b *nmdata.Peer) int { return strings.Compare(a.ID, b.ID) })
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/privatezones_test.go b/shared/management/networkmap/privatezones_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5700fcf79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/privatezones_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+func proxyPeer(id, ip, cluster string, connected bool) *nmdata.Peer {
+	return &nmdata.Peer{
+		ID: id, Key: id + "-key", IP: netip.MustParseAddr(ip), Connected: connected,
+		ProxyMeta: nmdata.ProxyMeta{Embedded: true, Cluster: cluster},
+	}
+}
+
+func privateService(id, domain, cluster string, groups ...string) *nmdata.Service {
+	return &nmdata.Service{
+		ID: id, Enabled: true, Private: true, Mode: "http",
+		Domain: domain, ProxyCluster: cluster, AccessGroups: groups,
+	}
+}
+
+func twinWithProxy(services ...*nmdata.Service) *NetworkMapData {
+	return &NetworkMapData{
+		Peers: map[string]*nmdata.Peer{
+			"proxy-1": proxyPeer("proxy-1", "100.64.0.99", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", true),
+		},
+		Services: services,
+	}
+}
+
+// An agent-network service is synthesised in memory and never persisted, so it
+// only ever reaches the twin through nmd.Services. Deriving the zone from that
+// same field is what stops it from arriving with an ACL and no name.
+func TestBuildPrivateServiceCandidates_SynthesisedServiceGetsAZone(t *testing.T) {
+	nmd := twinWithProxy(privateService(
+		"agent-network-acct-1", "acct-1.agent.netbird.io", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "grp-admins"))
+
+	nmd.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+
+	require.Len(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates, 0,
+		"a service whose domain sits under no registered apex publishes nothing")
+
+	nmd.Domains = []nmdata.ProxyDomain{
+		{Domain: "agent.netbird.io", TargetCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"},
+	}
+	nmd.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+
+	require.Len(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates, 1)
+	got := nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates[0]
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"grp-admins"}, got.AccessGroups)
+	assert.Equal(t, "agent.netbird.io.", got.Zone.Domain, "apex is the registered domain, not the service FQDN")
+	assert.True(t, got.Zone.NonAuthoritative, "zone stays match-only")
+	assert.True(t, got.Zone.SearchDomainDisabled)
+	require.Len(t, got.Zone.Records, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, nmdata.SimpleRecord{
+		Name: "acct-1.agent.netbird.io.", Type: 1, Class: "IN", TTL: 5, RData: "100.64.0.99",
+	}, got.Zone.Records[0])
+}
+
+func TestBuildPrivateServiceCandidates_ClusterApexNeedsNoRegisteredDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	nmd := twinWithProxy(privateService("svc-1", "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "grp-admins"))
+
+	nmd.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+
+	require.Len(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "eu.proxy.netbird.io.", nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates[0].Zone.Domain)
+}
+
+func TestBuildPrivateServiceCandidates_LongestRegisteredApexWins(t *testing.T) {
+	nmd := twinWithProxy(privateService("svc-1", "app.sub.example.com", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "grp-admins"))
+	nmd.Domains = []nmdata.ProxyDomain{
+		{Domain: "example.com", TargetCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"},
+		{Domain: "sub.example.com", TargetCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"},
+		{Domain: "other.com", TargetCluster: "eu.proxy.netbird.io"},
+	}
+
+	nmd.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+
+	require.Len(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "sub.example.com.", nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates[0].Zone.Domain)
+}
+
+func TestBuildPrivateServiceCandidates_RegisteredApexOfAnotherClusterIsIgnored(t *testing.T) {
+	nmd := twinWithProxy(privateService("svc-1", "app.example.com", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "grp-admins"))
+	nmd.Domains = []nmdata.ProxyDomain{
+		{Domain: "example.com", TargetCluster: "us.proxy.netbird.io"},
+	}
+
+	nmd.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+
+	assert.Empty(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates)
+}
+
+// A disconnected proxy peer's tunnel IP does not answer, so publishing it
+// black-holes the name for as long as a client caches the record.
+func TestBuildPrivateServiceCandidates_OnlyConnectedProxyPeersSurface(t *testing.T) {
+	nmd := twinWithProxy(privateService("svc-1", "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "grp-admins"))
+	nmd.Peers["proxy-2"] = proxyPeer("proxy-2", "100.64.0.100", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", false)
+
+	nmd.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+
+	require.Len(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates, 1)
+	require.Len(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates[0].Zone.Records, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates[0].Zone.Records[0].RData)
+
+	nmd.Peers["proxy-1"].Connected = false
+	nmd.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+	assert.Empty(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates, "no connected proxy peer means no zone at all")
+}
+
+func TestBuildPrivateServiceCandidates_SkipsServicesThatGrantNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := map[string]func(*nmdata.Service){
+		"disabled":         func(s *nmdata.Service) { s.Enabled = false },
+		"not private":      func(s *nmdata.Service) { s.Private = false },
+		"no access groups": func(s *nmdata.Service) { s.AccessGroups = nil },
+		"no domain":        func(s *nmdata.Service) { s.Domain = "" },
+		"other cluster":    func(s *nmdata.Service) { s.ProxyCluster = "us.proxy.netbird.io" },
+	}
+	for name, mutate := range cases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			svc := privateService("svc-1", "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "grp-admins")
+			mutate(svc)
+			nmd := twinWithProxy(svc)
+
+			nmd.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+
+			assert.Empty(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildPrivateServiceCandidates_MultipleConnectedProxyPeersEachGetARecord(t *testing.T) {
+	nmd := twinWithProxy(privateService("svc-1", "myapp.eu.proxy.netbird.io", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", "grp-admins"))
+	nmd.Peers["proxy-2"] = proxyPeer("proxy-2", "100.64.0.100", "eu.proxy.netbird.io", true)
+
+	nmd.BuildPrivateServiceCandidates()
+
+	require.Len(t, nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates, 1)
+	records := nmd.PrivateServiceCandidates[0].Zone.Records
+	require.Len(t, records, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.99", records[0].RData, "records are ordered by proxy peer id")
+	assert.Equal(t, "100.64.0.100", records[1].RData)
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/networkmap/proxypolicies.go b/shared/management/networkmap/proxypolicies.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a7c805a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/networkmap/proxypolicies.go
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+package networkmap
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/types"
+)
+
+const (
+	serviceModeUDP = "udp"
+
+	privateServicePortHTTP  = 80
+	privateServicePortHTTPS = 443
+)
+
+// InjectProxyPolicies synthesises the in-memory ACLs that carry reverse-proxy
+// traffic and appends them to the twin's policies. They are never persisted,
+// so no builder can load them: a proxy-access policy lets a cluster's proxy
+// peers reach each enabled target of a service, and a private-access policy
+// lets a private service's AccessGroups reach those proxy peers on HTTP(S).
+//
+// GetPeerNetworkMapComponents calls it, so every caller of the twin gets the
+// same policy set no matter which builder produced it. It runs at most once
+// per twin, and is safe to call again to force the synthesis early.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) InjectProxyPolicies() {
+	nmd.proxyPoliciesOnce.Do(nmd.injectProxyPolicies)
+}
+
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) injectProxyPolicies() {
+	if len(nmd.Services) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	proxyPeersByCluster := nmd.proxyPeersByCluster()
+	if len(proxyPeersByCluster) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, svc := range nmd.Services {
+		if svc == nil || !svc.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		proxyPeers := proxyPeersByCluster[svc.ProxyCluster]
+		for _, target := range svc.Targets {
+			if target == nil || !target.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+			port, ok := resolveTargetPort(target)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, proxyPeer := range proxyPeers {
+				nmd.addInjectedPolicy(proxyAccessPolicy(svc, target, proxyPeer, port))
+			}
+		}
+
+		nmd.injectPrivateServicePolicies(svc, proxyPeers)
+	}
+}
+
+// injectPrivateServicePolicies synthesises AccessGroups → cluster proxy peers on TCP 80/443.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) injectPrivateServicePolicies(svc *nmdata.Service, proxyPeers []*nmdata.Peer) {
+	if !svc.Private || len(svc.AccessGroups) == 0 || len(proxyPeers) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// A service's AccessGroups can name groups that no longer exist — persisted
+	// services and the agent-network synthesiser both carry the ids verbatim from
+	// their own state. An unresolvable source authorises nothing, so drop it here
+	// rather than let the network-map assembly resolve it to a nil group.
+	sources := nmd.existingGroupIDs(svc.AccessGroups)
+	if len(sources) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, proxyPeer := range proxyPeers {
+		nmd.addInjectedPolicy(privateAccessPolicy(svc, proxyPeer, sources))
+	}
+}
+
+// addInjectedPolicy appends the policy to the twin's policy set, and to the
+// policies of the network resource it targets — mirroring the account path,
+// where the resource-policy map was built after injection.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) addInjectedPolicy(policy *nmdata.Policy) {
+	nmd.Policies = append(nmd.Policies, policy)
+
+	resourceID := policy.Rules[0].DestinationResource.ID
+	if resourceID == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, resource := range nmd.NetworkResources {
+		if resource == nil || !resource.Enabled || resource.ID != resourceID {
+			continue
+		}
+		if nmd.ResourcePolicies == nil {
+			nmd.ResourcePolicies = make(map[string][]*nmdata.Policy)
+		}
+		nmd.ResourcePolicies[resourceID] = append(nmd.ResourcePolicies[resourceID], policy)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func proxyAccessPolicy(svc *nmdata.Service, target *nmdata.ServiceTarget, proxyPeer *nmdata.Peer, port uint16) *nmdata.Policy {
+	policyID := fmt.Sprintf("proxy-access-%s-%s-%s", svc.ID, proxyPeer.ID, target.Path)
+
+	protocol := types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
+	if svc.Mode == serviceModeUDP {
+		protocol = types.PolicyRuleProtocolUDP
+	}
+
+	return &nmdata.Policy{
+		ID: policyID,
+		// The envelope encoder puts public ids on the wire and degrades to an
+		// empty one when a policy has none. A synthesised policy has no
+		// persisted row to take a public id from, and its own id is already
+		// stable and unique, so it serves as both.
+		PublicID: policyID,
+		Enabled:  true,
+		Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				ID:                  policyID,
+				PolicyID:            policyID,
+				Enabled:             true,
+				SourceResource:      nmdata.Resource{ID: proxyPeer.ID, Type: string(types.ResourceTypePeer)},
+				DestinationResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: target.TargetID, Type: target.TargetType},
+				Bidirectional:       false,
+				Protocol:            string(protocol),
+				Action:              string(types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+				PortRanges:          []nmdata.RulePortRange{{Start: port, End: port}},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func privateAccessPolicy(svc *nmdata.Service, proxyPeer *nmdata.Peer, accessGroups []string) *nmdata.Policy {
+	policyID := fmt.Sprintf("private-access-%s-%s", svc.ID, proxyPeer.ID)
+
+	return &nmdata.Policy{
+		ID:       policyID,
+		PublicID: policyID,
+		Enabled:  true,
+		Rules: []*nmdata.PolicyRule{
+			{
+				ID:                  policyID,
+				PolicyID:            policyID,
+				Enabled:             true,
+				Sources:             slices.Clone(accessGroups),
+				DestinationResource: nmdata.Resource{ID: proxyPeer.ID, Type: string(types.ResourceTypePeer)},
+				Bidirectional:       false,
+				Protocol:            string(types.PolicyRuleProtocolTCP),
+				Action:              string(types.PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+				PortRanges: []nmdata.RulePortRange{
+					{Start: privateServicePortHTTP, End: privateServicePortHTTP},
+					{Start: privateServicePortHTTPS, End: privateServicePortHTTPS},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func resolveTargetPort(target *nmdata.ServiceTarget) (uint16, bool) {
+	if target.Port != 0 {
+		return target.Port, true
+	}
+
+	switch target.Protocol {
+	case "https", "tls":
+		return privateServicePortHTTPS, true
+	case "http":
+		return privateServicePortHTTP, true
+	default:
+		return 0, false
+	}
+}
+
+// proxyPeersByCluster groups the account's embedded proxy peers by the cluster
+// they serve. Sorted by peer ID so the synthesised policy order is stable.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) proxyPeersByCluster() map[string][]*nmdata.Peer {
+	var proxyPeers map[string][]*nmdata.Peer
+	for _, peer := range nmd.Peers {
+		if peer == nil || !peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded {
+			continue
+		}
+		if proxyPeers == nil {
+			proxyPeers = make(map[string][]*nmdata.Peer)
+		}
+		proxyPeers[peer.ProxyMeta.Cluster] = append(proxyPeers[peer.ProxyMeta.Cluster], peer)
+	}
+	for _, peers := range proxyPeers {
+		slices.SortFunc(peers, func(a, b *nmdata.Peer) int { return strings.Compare(a.ID, b.ID) })
+	}
+	return proxyPeers
+}
+
+// existingGroupIDs returns the subset of groupIDs that resolve to a group,
+// preserving the input order.
+func (nmd *NetworkMapData) existingGroupIDs(groupIDs []string) []string {
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(groupIDs))
+	for _, groupID := range groupIDs {
+		if _, ok := nmd.Groups[groupID]; ok {
+			out = append(out, groupID)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/generate.sh b/shared/management/proto/generate.sh
index 7cb0f75a5..2915b7f0c 100755
--- a/shared/management/proto/generate.sh
+++ b/shared/management/proto/generate.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
 if ! which realpath > /dev/null 2>&1
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/management.pb.go b/shared/management/proto/management.pb.go
index 604f9c793..60cfc71fe 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/management.pb.go
+++ b/shared/management/proto/management.pb.go
@@ -71,6 +71,116 @@ func (JobStatus) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
 }
 
+// PeerCapability represents a feature the client binary supports.
+// Reported in PeerSystemMeta.capabilities on every login/sync.
+type PeerCapability int32
+
+const (
+	PeerCapability_PeerCapabilityUnknown PeerCapability = 0
+	// Client reads SourcePrefixes instead of the deprecated PeerIP string.
+	PeerCapability_PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes PeerCapability = 1
+	// Client handles IPv6 overlay addresses and firewall rules.
+	PeerCapability_PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay PeerCapability = 2
+	// Client receives NetworkMap as components and assembles it locally.
+	PeerCapability_PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap PeerCapability = 3
+)
+
+// Enum value maps for PeerCapability.
+var (
+	PeerCapability_name = map[int32]string{
+		0: "PeerCapabilityUnknown",
+		1: "PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes",
+		2: "PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay",
+		3: "PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap",
+	}
+	PeerCapability_value = map[string]int32{
+		"PeerCapabilityUnknown":             0,
+		"PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes":      1,
+		"PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay":         2,
+		"PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap": 3,
+	}
+)
+
+func (x PeerCapability) Enum() *PeerCapability {
+	p := new(PeerCapability)
+	*p = x
+	return p
+}
+
+func (x PeerCapability) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.EnumStringOf(x.Descriptor(), protoreflect.EnumNumber(x))
+}
+
+func (PeerCapability) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
+	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[1].Descriptor()
+}
+
+func (PeerCapability) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
+	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[1]
+}
+
+func (x PeerCapability) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
+	return protoreflect.EnumNumber(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use PeerCapability.Descriptor instead.
+func (PeerCapability) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
+}
+
+// LazyState is the management per-peer override for lazy connections.
+type LazyState int32
+
+const (
+	// Follow the account-wide lazy connection flag.
+	LazyState_LazyStateDefault LazyState = 0
+	// Force a lazy (on-demand) connection regardless of the account flag.
+	LazyState_LazyStateLazy LazyState = 1
+	// Force an always-active connection regardless of the account flag.
+	LazyState_LazyStateEager LazyState = 2
+)
+
+// Enum value maps for LazyState.
+var (
+	LazyState_name = map[int32]string{
+		0: "LazyStateDefault",
+		1: "LazyStateLazy",
+		2: "LazyStateEager",
+	}
+	LazyState_value = map[string]int32{
+		"LazyStateDefault": 0,
+		"LazyStateLazy":    1,
+		"LazyStateEager":   2,
+	}
+)
+
+func (x LazyState) Enum() *LazyState {
+	p := new(LazyState)
+	*p = x
+	return p
+}
+
+func (x LazyState) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.EnumStringOf(x.Descriptor(), protoreflect.EnumNumber(x))
+}
+
+func (LazyState) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
+	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[2].Descriptor()
+}
+
+func (LazyState) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
+	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[2]
+}
+
+func (x LazyState) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
+	return protoreflect.EnumNumber(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use LazyState.Descriptor instead.
+func (LazyState) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+}
+
 type RuleProtocol int32
 
 const (
@@ -80,6 +190,13 @@ const (
 	RuleProtocol_UDP     RuleProtocol = 3
 	RuleProtocol_ICMP    RuleProtocol = 4
 	RuleProtocol_CUSTOM  RuleProtocol = 5
+	// NETBIRD_SSH (types.PolicyRuleProtocolType "netbird-ssh") is the marker
+	// policy rule that drives SSH-server activation in Calculate(). The legacy
+	// proto.FirewallRule path doesn't ship this value (Calculate already
+	// expands SSH rules into TCP/22 before encoding), but the components path
+	// ships RAW policies — the client must see this protocol to derive
+	// AuthorizedUsers locally.
+	RuleProtocol_NETBIRD_SSH RuleProtocol = 6
 )
 
 // Enum value maps for RuleProtocol.
@@ -91,14 +208,16 @@ var (
 		3: "UDP",
 		4: "ICMP",
 		5: "CUSTOM",
+		6: "NETBIRD_SSH",
 	}
 	RuleProtocol_value = map[string]int32{
-		"UNKNOWN": 0,
-		"ALL":     1,
-		"TCP":     2,
-		"UDP":     3,
-		"ICMP":    4,
-		"CUSTOM":  5,
+		"UNKNOWN":     0,
+		"ALL":         1,
+		"TCP":         2,
+		"UDP":         3,
+		"ICMP":        4,
+		"CUSTOM":      5,
+		"NETBIRD_SSH": 6,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -113,11 +232,11 @@ func (x RuleProtocol) String() string {
 }
 
 func (RuleProtocol) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[1].Descriptor()
+	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[3].Descriptor()
 }
 
 func (RuleProtocol) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[1]
+	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[3]
 }
 
 func (x RuleProtocol) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
@@ -126,7 +245,7 @@ func (x RuleProtocol) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RuleProtocol.Descriptor instead.
 func (RuleProtocol) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
 }
 
 type RuleDirection int32
@@ -159,11 +278,11 @@ func (x RuleDirection) String() string {
 }
 
 func (RuleDirection) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[2].Descriptor()
+	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[4].Descriptor()
 }
 
 func (RuleDirection) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[2]
+	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[4]
 }
 
 func (x RuleDirection) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
@@ -172,7 +291,7 @@ func (x RuleDirection) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RuleDirection.Descriptor instead.
 func (RuleDirection) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
 }
 
 type RuleAction int32
@@ -205,11 +324,11 @@ func (x RuleAction) String() string {
 }
 
 func (RuleAction) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[3].Descriptor()
+	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[5].Descriptor()
 }
 
 func (RuleAction) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[3]
+	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[5]
 }
 
 func (x RuleAction) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
@@ -218,7 +337,7 @@ func (x RuleAction) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RuleAction.Descriptor instead.
 func (RuleAction) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
 }
 
 type ExposeProtocol int32
@@ -260,11 +379,11 @@ func (x ExposeProtocol) String() string {
 }
 
 func (ExposeProtocol) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[4].Descriptor()
+	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[6].Descriptor()
 }
 
 func (ExposeProtocol) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[4]
+	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[6]
 }
 
 func (x ExposeProtocol) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
@@ -273,7 +392,7 @@ func (x ExposeProtocol) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeProtocol.Descriptor instead.
 func (ExposeProtocol) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
 }
 
 type HostConfig_Protocol int32
@@ -315,11 +434,11 @@ func (x HostConfig_Protocol) String() string {
 }
 
 func (HostConfig_Protocol) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[5].Descriptor()
+	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[7].Descriptor()
 }
 
 func (HostConfig_Protocol) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[5]
+	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[7]
 }
 
 func (x HostConfig_Protocol) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
@@ -328,7 +447,7 @@ func (x HostConfig_Protocol) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use HostConfig_Protocol.Descriptor instead.
 func (HostConfig_Protocol) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18, 0}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20, 0}
 }
 
 type DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider int32
@@ -358,11 +477,11 @@ func (x DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider) String() string {
 }
 
 func (DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[6].Descriptor()
+	return file_management_proto_enumTypes[8].Descriptor()
 }
 
 func (DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[6]
+	return &file_management_proto_enumTypes[8]
 }
 
 func (x DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
@@ -371,7 +490,7 @@ func (x DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider.Descriptor instead.
 func (DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31, 0}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{34, 0}
 }
 
 type EncryptedMessage struct {
@@ -615,6 +734,13 @@ type BundleParameters struct {
 	BundleForTime int64 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=bundle_for_time,json=bundleForTime,proto3" json:"bundle_for_time,omitempty"`
 	LogFileCount  int32 `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=log_file_count,json=logFileCount,proto3" json:"log_file_count,omitempty"`
 	Anonymize     bool  `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=anonymize,proto3" json:"anonymize,omitempty"`
+	// anonymize_level selects how much the anonymizer redacts: "default"
+	// (or empty) keeps internal IP ranges, "strict" also anonymizes them.
+	// Unknown values are treated as "strict".
+	AnonymizeLevel string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=anonymize_level,json=anonymizeLevel,proto3" json:"anonymize_level,omitempty"`
+	// upload_url is the service URL the client requests an upload URL from
+	// before uploading the bundle. Empty selects the default upload server.
+	UploadUrl string `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=upload_url,json=uploadUrl,proto3" json:"upload_url,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *BundleParameters) Reset() {
@@ -677,6 +803,20 @@ func (x *BundleParameters) GetAnonymize() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (x *BundleParameters) GetAnonymizeLevel() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AnonymizeLevel
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *BundleParameters) GetUploadUrl() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UploadUrl
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 type BundleResult struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -790,6 +930,21 @@ type SyncResponse struct {
 	NetworkMap         *NetworkMap `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=NetworkMap,proto3" json:"NetworkMap,omitempty"`
 	// Posture checks to be evaluated by client
 	Checks []*Checks `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=Checks,proto3" json:"Checks,omitempty"`
+	// 3-state session deadline. Carried on every Sync snapshot so admin-side
+	// changes propagate live without a client reconnect.
+	//
+	//	field unset (nil)        → snapshot carries no info; client keeps the
+	//	                           deadline it already had
+	//	set, seconds=0 nanos=0   → explicit "expiry disabled" or peer is not
+	//	                           SSO-registered; client clears its anchor
+	//	set, valid timestamp     → new absolute UTC deadline
+	SessionExpiresAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=sessionExpiresAt,proto3" json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
+	// NetworkMapEnvelope carries the component-based wire format for peers that
+	// advertise PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap. When set, NetworkMap (field 5)
+	// is left empty: management ships components and the client runs Calculate()
+	// locally instead of receiving an expanded NetworkMap.
+	NetworkMapEnvelope *NetworkMapEnvelope `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=NetworkMapEnvelope,proto3" json:"NetworkMapEnvelope,omitempty"`
+	Version            int32               `protobuf:"varint,9,opt,name=Version,proto3" json:"Version,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *SyncResponse) Reset() {
@@ -866,6 +1021,27 @@ func (x *SyncResponse) GetChecks() []*Checks {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *SyncResponse) GetSessionExpiresAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionExpiresAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncResponse) GetNetworkMapEnvelope() *NetworkMapEnvelope {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NetworkMapEnvelope
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncResponse) GetVersion() int32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Version
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 type SyncMetaRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -1201,6 +1377,11 @@ type Flags struct {
 	EnableSSHLocalPortForwarding  bool `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=enableSSHLocalPortForwarding,proto3" json:"enableSSHLocalPortForwarding,omitempty"`
 	EnableSSHRemotePortForwarding bool `protobuf:"varint,14,opt,name=enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,proto3" json:"enableSSHRemotePortForwarding,omitempty"`
 	DisableSSHAuth                bool `protobuf:"varint,15,opt,name=disableSSHAuth,proto3" json:"disableSSHAuth,omitempty"`
+	DisableIPv6                   bool `protobuf:"varint,16,opt,name=disableIPv6,proto3" json:"disableIPv6,omitempty"`
+	// remoteJobsAllowed mirrors the peer's local opt-in for management-requested
+	// remote jobs (e.g. debug bundles). Reported so the dashboard can surface
+	// peers that have opted out.
+	RemoteJobsAllowed bool `protobuf:"varint,17,opt,name=remoteJobsAllowed,proto3" json:"remoteJobsAllowed,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *Flags) Reset() {
@@ -1340,29 +1521,45 @@ func (x *Flags) GetDisableSSHAuth() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (x *Flags) GetDisableIPv6() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DisableIPv6
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *Flags) GetRemoteJobsAllowed() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.RemoteJobsAllowed
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // PeerSystemMeta is machine meta data like OS and version.
 type PeerSystemMeta struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 
-	Hostname         string            `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=hostname,proto3" json:"hostname,omitempty"`
-	GoOS             string            `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=goOS,proto3" json:"goOS,omitempty"`
-	Kernel           string            `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=kernel,proto3" json:"kernel,omitempty"`
-	Core             string            `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=core,proto3" json:"core,omitempty"`
-	Platform         string            `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=platform,proto3" json:"platform,omitempty"`
-	OS               string            `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=OS,proto3" json:"OS,omitempty"`
-	NetbirdVersion   string            `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=netbirdVersion,proto3" json:"netbirdVersion,omitempty"`
-	UiVersion        string            `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=uiVersion,proto3" json:"uiVersion,omitempty"`
-	KernelVersion    string            `protobuf:"bytes,9,opt,name=kernelVersion,proto3" json:"kernelVersion,omitempty"`
-	OSVersion        string            `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=OSVersion,proto3" json:"OSVersion,omitempty"`
-	NetworkAddresses []*NetworkAddress `protobuf:"bytes,11,rep,name=networkAddresses,proto3" json:"networkAddresses,omitempty"`
-	SysSerialNumber  string            `protobuf:"bytes,12,opt,name=sysSerialNumber,proto3" json:"sysSerialNumber,omitempty"`
-	SysProductName   string            `protobuf:"bytes,13,opt,name=sysProductName,proto3" json:"sysProductName,omitempty"`
-	SysManufacturer  string            `protobuf:"bytes,14,opt,name=sysManufacturer,proto3" json:"sysManufacturer,omitempty"`
-	Environment      *Environment      `protobuf:"bytes,15,opt,name=environment,proto3" json:"environment,omitempty"`
-	Files            []*File           `protobuf:"bytes,16,rep,name=files,proto3" json:"files,omitempty"`
-	Flags            *Flags            `protobuf:"bytes,17,opt,name=flags,proto3" json:"flags,omitempty"`
+	Hostname           string            `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=hostname,proto3" json:"hostname,omitempty"`
+	GoOS               string            `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=goOS,proto3" json:"goOS,omitempty"`
+	Kernel             string            `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=kernel,proto3" json:"kernel,omitempty"`
+	Core               string            `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=core,proto3" json:"core,omitempty"`
+	Platform           string            `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=platform,proto3" json:"platform,omitempty"`
+	OS                 string            `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=OS,proto3" json:"OS,omitempty"`
+	NetbirdVersion     string            `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=netbirdVersion,proto3" json:"netbirdVersion,omitempty"`
+	UiVersion          string            `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=uiVersion,proto3" json:"uiVersion,omitempty"`
+	KernelVersion      string            `protobuf:"bytes,9,opt,name=kernelVersion,proto3" json:"kernelVersion,omitempty"`
+	OSVersion          string            `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=OSVersion,proto3" json:"OSVersion,omitempty"`
+	NetworkAddresses   []*NetworkAddress `protobuf:"bytes,11,rep,name=networkAddresses,proto3" json:"networkAddresses,omitempty"`
+	SysSerialNumber    string            `protobuf:"bytes,12,opt,name=sysSerialNumber,proto3" json:"sysSerialNumber,omitempty"`
+	SysProductName     string            `protobuf:"bytes,13,opt,name=sysProductName,proto3" json:"sysProductName,omitempty"`
+	SysManufacturer    string            `protobuf:"bytes,14,opt,name=sysManufacturer,proto3" json:"sysManufacturer,omitempty"`
+	Environment        *Environment      `protobuf:"bytes,15,opt,name=environment,proto3" json:"environment,omitempty"`
+	Files              []*File           `protobuf:"bytes,16,rep,name=files,proto3" json:"files,omitempty"`
+	Flags              *Flags            `protobuf:"bytes,17,opt,name=flags,proto3" json:"flags,omitempty"`
+	Capabilities       []PeerCapability  `protobuf:"varint,18,rep,packed,name=capabilities,proto3,enum=management.PeerCapability" json:"capabilities,omitempty"`
+	SyncMessageVersion int32             `protobuf:"varint,19,opt,name=syncMessageVersion,proto3" json:"syncMessageVersion,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *PeerSystemMeta) Reset() {
@@ -1516,6 +1713,20 @@ func (x *PeerSystemMeta) GetFlags() *Flags {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *PeerSystemMeta) GetCapabilities() []PeerCapability {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Capabilities
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PeerSystemMeta) GetSyncMessageVersion() int32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SyncMessageVersion
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 type LoginResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -1527,6 +1738,12 @@ type LoginResponse struct {
 	PeerConfig *PeerConfig `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=peerConfig,proto3" json:"peerConfig,omitempty"`
 	// Posture checks to be evaluated by client
 	Checks []*Checks `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=Checks,proto3" json:"Checks,omitempty"`
+	// 3-state session deadline; same encoding as SyncResponse.sessionExpiresAt.
+	//
+	//	field unset (nil)        → no info; client keeps any deadline it had
+	//	set, seconds=0 nanos=0   → explicit "expiry disabled" / non-SSO peer
+	//	set, valid timestamp     → new absolute UTC deadline
+	SessionExpiresAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=sessionExpiresAt,proto3" json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *LoginResponse) Reset() {
@@ -1582,6 +1799,125 @@ func (x *LoginResponse) GetChecks() []*Checks {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *LoginResponse) GetSessionExpiresAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionExpiresAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSessionRequest carries a fresh JWT to refresh the peer's session deadline.
+// The encrypted body of an EncryptedMessage with this payload is sent to the
+// ExtendAuthSession RPC.
+type ExtendAuthSessionRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// SSO token (must be a fresh, valid JWT for the peer's owning user)
+	JwtToken string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=jwtToken,proto3" json:"jwtToken,omitempty"`
+	// Meta data of the peer (used for IdP user info refresh consistent with Login)
+	Meta *PeerSystemMeta `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=meta,proto3" json:"meta,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = ExtendAuthSessionRequest{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[15]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ExtendAuthSessionRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ExtendAuthSessionRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ExtendAuthSessionRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) GetJwtToken() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.JwtToken
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionRequest) GetMeta() *PeerSystemMeta {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Meta
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSessionResponse contains the refreshed session deadline.
+type ExtendAuthSessionResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// 3-state session deadline; same encoding as SyncResponse.sessionExpiresAt.
+	// In practice ExtendAuthSession only succeeds for SSO peers with expiry
+	// enabled, so this carries a valid timestamp on the success path. The
+	// 3-state encoding is documented here for symmetry with Login/Sync.
+	SessionExpiresAt *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=sessionExpiresAt,proto3" json:"sessionExpiresAt,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = ExtendAuthSessionResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[16]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ExtendAuthSessionResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[16]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ExtendAuthSessionResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ExtendAuthSessionResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
+}
+
+func (x *ExtendAuthSessionResponse) GetSessionExpiresAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionExpiresAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type ServerKeyResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -1598,7 +1934,7 @@ type ServerKeyResponse struct {
 func (x *ServerKeyResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ServerKeyResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[15]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[17]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1611,7 +1947,7 @@ func (x *ServerKeyResponse) String() string {
 func (*ServerKeyResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ServerKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[17]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1624,7 +1960,7 @@ func (x *ServerKeyResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ServerKeyResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ServerKeyResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
 }
 
 func (x *ServerKeyResponse) GetKey() string {
@@ -1657,7 +1993,7 @@ type Empty struct {
 func (x *Empty) Reset() {
 	*x = Empty{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[16]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[18]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1670,7 +2006,7 @@ func (x *Empty) String() string {
 func (*Empty) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Empty) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[16]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[18]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1683,7 +2019,7 @@ func (x *Empty) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Empty.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Empty) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
 }
 
 // NetbirdConfig is a common configuration of any Netbird peer. It contains STUN, TURN, Signal and Management servers configurations
@@ -1697,15 +2033,16 @@ type NetbirdConfig struct {
 	// a list of TURN servers
 	Turns []*ProtectedHostConfig `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=turns,proto3" json:"turns,omitempty"`
 	// a Signal server config
-	Signal *HostConfig  `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=signal,proto3" json:"signal,omitempty"`
-	Relay  *RelayConfig `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=relay,proto3" json:"relay,omitempty"`
-	Flow   *FlowConfig  `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=flow,proto3" json:"flow,omitempty"`
+	Signal  *HostConfig    `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=signal,proto3" json:"signal,omitempty"`
+	Relay   *RelayConfig   `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=relay,proto3" json:"relay,omitempty"`
+	Flow    *FlowConfig    `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=flow,proto3" json:"flow,omitempty"`
+	Metrics *MetricsConfig `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=metrics,proto3" json:"metrics,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *NetbirdConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = NetbirdConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[17]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[19]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1718,7 +2055,7 @@ func (x *NetbirdConfig) String() string {
 func (*NetbirdConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NetbirdConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[17]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[19]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1731,7 +2068,7 @@ func (x *NetbirdConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NetbirdConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NetbirdConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
 }
 
 func (x *NetbirdConfig) GetStuns() []*HostConfig {
@@ -1769,6 +2106,13 @@ func (x *NetbirdConfig) GetFlow() *FlowConfig {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *NetbirdConfig) GetMetrics() *MetricsConfig {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Metrics
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // HostConfig describes connection properties of some server (e.g. STUN, Signal, Management)
 type HostConfig struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -1783,7 +2127,7 @@ type HostConfig struct {
 func (x *HostConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = HostConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[18]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[20]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1796,7 +2140,7 @@ func (x *HostConfig) String() string {
 func (*HostConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *HostConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[18]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1809,7 +2153,7 @@ func (x *HostConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use HostConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*HostConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
 }
 
 func (x *HostConfig) GetUri() string {
@@ -1839,7 +2183,7 @@ type RelayConfig struct {
 func (x *RelayConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = RelayConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[19]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[21]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1852,7 +2196,7 @@ func (x *RelayConfig) String() string {
 func (*RelayConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RelayConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[21]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1865,7 +2209,7 @@ func (x *RelayConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RelayConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RelayConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
 }
 
 func (x *RelayConfig) GetUrls() []string {
@@ -1910,7 +2254,7 @@ type FlowConfig struct {
 func (x *FlowConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = FlowConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[20]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[22]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1923,7 +2267,7 @@ func (x *FlowConfig) String() string {
 func (*FlowConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *FlowConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[22]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1936,7 +2280,7 @@ func (x *FlowConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use FlowConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*FlowConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
 }
 
 func (x *FlowConfig) GetUrl() string {
@@ -1995,6 +2339,53 @@ func (x *FlowConfig) GetDnsCollection() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+type MetricsConfig struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Enabled bool `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=enabled,proto3" json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *MetricsConfig) Reset() {
+	*x = MetricsConfig{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[23]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *MetricsConfig) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*MetricsConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *MetricsConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[23]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use MetricsConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*MetricsConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
+}
+
+func (x *MetricsConfig) GetEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Enabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // JWTConfig represents JWT authentication configuration for validating tokens.
 type JWTConfig struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -2014,7 +2405,7 @@ type JWTConfig struct {
 func (x *JWTConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = JWTConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[21]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[24]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2027,7 +2418,7 @@ func (x *JWTConfig) String() string {
 func (*JWTConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *JWTConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[24]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2040,7 +2431,7 @@ func (x *JWTConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use JWTConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*JWTConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
 }
 
 func (x *JWTConfig) GetIssuer() string {
@@ -2093,7 +2484,7 @@ type ProtectedHostConfig struct {
 func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = ProtectedHostConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[22]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[25]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2106,7 +2497,7 @@ func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) String() string {
 func (*ProtectedHostConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[25]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2119,7 +2510,7 @@ func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ProtectedHostConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ProtectedHostConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
 }
 
 func (x *ProtectedHostConfig) GetHostConfig() *HostConfig {
@@ -2163,12 +2554,14 @@ type PeerConfig struct {
 	Mtu                             int32  `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=mtu,proto3" json:"mtu,omitempty"`
 	// Auto-update config
 	AutoUpdate *AutoUpdateSettings `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=autoUpdate,proto3" json:"autoUpdate,omitempty"`
+	// IPv6 overlay address as compact bytes: 16 bytes IP + 1 byte prefix length.
+	AddressV6 []byte `protobuf:"bytes,9,opt,name=address_v6,json=addressV6,proto3" json:"address_v6,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *PeerConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = PeerConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[23]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[26]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2181,7 +2574,7 @@ func (x *PeerConfig) String() string {
 func (*PeerConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PeerConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[23]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[26]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2194,7 +2587,7 @@ func (x *PeerConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PeerConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PeerConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
 }
 
 func (x *PeerConfig) GetAddress() string {
@@ -2253,6 +2646,13 @@ func (x *PeerConfig) GetAutoUpdate() *AutoUpdateSettings {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *PeerConfig) GetAddressV6() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AddressV6
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type AutoUpdateSettings struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -2267,7 +2667,7 @@ type AutoUpdateSettings struct {
 func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) Reset() {
 	*x = AutoUpdateSettings{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[24]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[27]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2280,7 +2680,7 @@ func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) String() string {
 func (*AutoUpdateSettings) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[24]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[27]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2293,7 +2693,7 @@ func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use AutoUpdateSettings.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*AutoUpdateSettings) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
 }
 
 func (x *AutoUpdateSettings) GetVersion() string {
@@ -2348,7 +2748,7 @@ type NetworkMap struct {
 func (x *NetworkMap) Reset() {
 	*x = NetworkMap{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[25]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[28]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2361,7 +2761,7 @@ func (x *NetworkMap) String() string {
 func (*NetworkMap) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NetworkMap) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[25]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[28]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2374,7 +2774,7 @@ func (x *NetworkMap) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NetworkMap.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NetworkMap) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
 }
 
 func (x *NetworkMap) GetSerial() uint64 {
@@ -2484,7 +2884,7 @@ type SSHAuth struct {
 func (x *SSHAuth) Reset() {
 	*x = SSHAuth{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[26]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[29]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2497,7 +2897,7 @@ func (x *SSHAuth) String() string {
 func (*SSHAuth) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SSHAuth) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[26]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[29]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2510,7 +2910,7 @@ func (x *SSHAuth) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SSHAuth.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SSHAuth) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{29}
 }
 
 func (x *SSHAuth) GetUserIDClaim() string {
@@ -2545,7 +2945,7 @@ type MachineUserIndexes struct {
 func (x *MachineUserIndexes) Reset() {
 	*x = MachineUserIndexes{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[27]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[30]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2558,7 +2958,7 @@ func (x *MachineUserIndexes) String() string {
 func (*MachineUserIndexes) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *MachineUserIndexes) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[30]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2571,7 +2971,7 @@ func (x *MachineUserIndexes) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use MachineUserIndexes.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*MachineUserIndexes) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{30}
 }
 
 func (x *MachineUserIndexes) GetIndexes() []uint32 {
@@ -2597,12 +2997,17 @@ type RemotePeerConfig struct {
 	// Peer fully qualified domain name
 	Fqdn         string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=fqdn,proto3" json:"fqdn,omitempty"`
 	AgentVersion string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=agentVersion,proto3" json:"agentVersion,omitempty"`
+	// lazyState is the management per-peer override for lazy (on-demand)
+	// connections to this remote peer. LazyStateDefault follows the account-wide
+	// flag; LazyStateLazy forces lazy; LazyStateEager forces an always-active
+	// connection. A local NB_LAZY_CONN/MDM override still wins over this.
+	LazyState LazyState `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=lazyState,proto3,enum=management.LazyState" json:"lazyState,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *RemotePeerConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = RemotePeerConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[28]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[31]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2615,7 +3020,7 @@ func (x *RemotePeerConfig) String() string {
 func (*RemotePeerConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RemotePeerConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[28]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[31]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2628,7 +3033,7 @@ func (x *RemotePeerConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RemotePeerConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RemotePeerConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31}
 }
 
 func (x *RemotePeerConfig) GetWgPubKey() string {
@@ -2666,6 +3071,13 @@ func (x *RemotePeerConfig) GetAgentVersion() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *RemotePeerConfig) GetLazyState() LazyState {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.LazyState
+	}
+	return LazyState_LazyStateDefault
+}
+
 // SSHConfig represents SSH configurations of a peer.
 type SSHConfig struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -2683,7 +3095,7 @@ type SSHConfig struct {
 func (x *SSHConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = SSHConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[29]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[32]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2696,7 +3108,7 @@ func (x *SSHConfig) String() string {
 func (*SSHConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SSHConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[29]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[32]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2709,7 +3121,7 @@ func (x *SSHConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SSHConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SSHConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{29}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{32}
 }
 
 func (x *SSHConfig) GetSshEnabled() bool {
@@ -2743,7 +3155,7 @@ type DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest struct {
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[30]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[33]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2756,7 +3168,7 @@ func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) String() string {
 func (*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[30]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[33]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2769,7 +3181,7 @@ func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{30}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{33}
 }
 
 // DeviceAuthorizationFlow represents Device Authorization Flow information
@@ -2788,7 +3200,7 @@ type DeviceAuthorizationFlow struct {
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) Reset() {
 	*x = DeviceAuthorizationFlow{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[31]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[34]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2801,7 +3213,7 @@ func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) String() string {
 func (*DeviceAuthorizationFlow) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[31]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[34]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2814,7 +3226,7 @@ func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DeviceAuthorizationFlow) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{34}
 }
 
 func (x *DeviceAuthorizationFlow) GetProvider() DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider {
@@ -2841,7 +3253,7 @@ type PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest struct {
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[32]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[35]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2854,7 +3266,7 @@ func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) String() string {
 func (*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[32]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[35]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2867,7 +3279,7 @@ func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{32}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{35}
 }
 
 // PKCEAuthorizationFlow represents Authorization Code Flow information
@@ -2884,7 +3296,7 @@ type PKCEAuthorizationFlow struct {
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) Reset() {
 	*x = PKCEAuthorizationFlow{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[33]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[36]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2897,7 +3309,7 @@ func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) String() string {
 func (*PKCEAuthorizationFlow) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[33]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[36]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2910,7 +3322,7 @@ func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PKCEAuthorizationFlow) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{33}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{36}
 }
 
 func (x *PKCEAuthorizationFlow) GetProviderConfig() *ProviderConfig {
@@ -2958,7 +3370,7 @@ type ProviderConfig struct {
 func (x *ProviderConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = ProviderConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[34]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[37]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -2971,7 +3383,7 @@ func (x *ProviderConfig) String() string {
 func (*ProviderConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ProviderConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[34]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[37]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -2984,7 +3396,7 @@ func (x *ProviderConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ProviderConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ProviderConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{34}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{37}
 }
 
 func (x *ProviderConfig) GetClientID() string {
@@ -3093,7 +3505,7 @@ type Route struct {
 func (x *Route) Reset() {
 	*x = Route{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[35]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[38]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3106,7 +3518,7 @@ func (x *Route) String() string {
 func (*Route) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Route) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[35]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[38]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3119,7 +3531,7 @@ func (x *Route) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Route.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Route) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{35}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{38}
 }
 
 func (x *Route) GetID() string {
@@ -3208,7 +3620,7 @@ type DNSConfig struct {
 func (x *DNSConfig) Reset() {
 	*x = DNSConfig{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[36]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[39]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3221,7 +3633,7 @@ func (x *DNSConfig) String() string {
 func (*DNSConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *DNSConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[36]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[39]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3234,7 +3646,7 @@ func (x *DNSConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use DNSConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*DNSConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{36}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{39}
 }
 
 func (x *DNSConfig) GetServiceEnable() bool {
@@ -3283,7 +3695,7 @@ type CustomZone struct {
 func (x *CustomZone) Reset() {
 	*x = CustomZone{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[37]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[40]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3296,7 +3708,7 @@ func (x *CustomZone) String() string {
 func (*CustomZone) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *CustomZone) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[37]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[40]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3309,7 +3721,7 @@ func (x *CustomZone) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use CustomZone.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*CustomZone) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{37}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{40}
 }
 
 func (x *CustomZone) GetDomain() string {
@@ -3356,7 +3768,7 @@ type SimpleRecord struct {
 func (x *SimpleRecord) Reset() {
 	*x = SimpleRecord{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[38]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[41]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3369,7 +3781,7 @@ func (x *SimpleRecord) String() string {
 func (*SimpleRecord) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SimpleRecord) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[38]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[41]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3382,7 +3794,7 @@ func (x *SimpleRecord) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SimpleRecord.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SimpleRecord) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{38}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{41}
 }
 
 func (x *SimpleRecord) GetName() string {
@@ -3435,7 +3847,7 @@ type NameServerGroup struct {
 func (x *NameServerGroup) Reset() {
 	*x = NameServerGroup{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[39]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[42]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3448,7 +3860,7 @@ func (x *NameServerGroup) String() string {
 func (*NameServerGroup) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NameServerGroup) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[39]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[42]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3461,7 +3873,7 @@ func (x *NameServerGroup) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NameServerGroup.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NameServerGroup) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{39}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{42}
 }
 
 func (x *NameServerGroup) GetNameServers() []*NameServer {
@@ -3506,7 +3918,7 @@ type NameServer struct {
 func (x *NameServer) Reset() {
 	*x = NameServer{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[40]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[43]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3519,7 +3931,7 @@ func (x *NameServer) String() string {
 func (*NameServer) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NameServer) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[40]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[43]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3532,7 +3944,7 @@ func (x *NameServer) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NameServer.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NameServer) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{40}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{43}
 }
 
 func (x *NameServer) GetIP() string {
@@ -3562,6 +3974,9 @@ type FirewallRule struct {
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 
+	// Use sourcePrefixes instead.
+	//
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
 	PeerIP    string        `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=PeerIP,proto3" json:"PeerIP,omitempty"`
 	Direction RuleDirection `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=Direction,proto3,enum=management.RuleDirection" json:"Direction,omitempty"`
 	Action    RuleAction    `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=Action,proto3,enum=management.RuleAction" json:"Action,omitempty"`
@@ -3570,12 +3985,17 @@ type FirewallRule struct {
 	PortInfo  *PortInfo     `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=PortInfo,proto3" json:"PortInfo,omitempty"`
 	// PolicyID is the ID of the policy that this rule belongs to
 	PolicyID []byte `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=PolicyID,proto3" json:"PolicyID,omitempty"`
+	// CustomProtocol is a custom protocol ID when Protocol is CUSTOM.
+	CustomProtocol uint32 `protobuf:"varint,8,opt,name=customProtocol,proto3" json:"customProtocol,omitempty"`
+	// Compact source IP prefixes for this rule, supersedes PeerIP.
+	// Each entry is 5 bytes (v4) or 17 bytes (v6): [IP bytes][1 byte prefix_len].
+	SourcePrefixes [][]byte `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=sourcePrefixes,proto3" json:"sourcePrefixes,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *FirewallRule) Reset() {
 	*x = FirewallRule{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[41]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[44]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3588,7 +4008,7 @@ func (x *FirewallRule) String() string {
 func (*FirewallRule) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *FirewallRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[41]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[44]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3601,9 +4021,10 @@ func (x *FirewallRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use FirewallRule.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*FirewallRule) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{41}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{44}
 }
 
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *FirewallRule) GetPeerIP() string {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.PeerIP
@@ -3653,6 +4074,20 @@ func (x *FirewallRule) GetPolicyID() []byte {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *FirewallRule) GetCustomProtocol() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.CustomProtocol
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *FirewallRule) GetSourcePrefixes() [][]byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SourcePrefixes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type NetworkAddress struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -3665,7 +4100,7 @@ type NetworkAddress struct {
 func (x *NetworkAddress) Reset() {
 	*x = NetworkAddress{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[42]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[45]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3678,7 +4113,7 @@ func (x *NetworkAddress) String() string {
 func (*NetworkAddress) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *NetworkAddress) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[42]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[45]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3691,7 +4126,7 @@ func (x *NetworkAddress) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use NetworkAddress.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*NetworkAddress) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{42}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{45}
 }
 
 func (x *NetworkAddress) GetNetIP() string {
@@ -3719,7 +4154,7 @@ type Checks struct {
 func (x *Checks) Reset() {
 	*x = Checks{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[43]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[46]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3732,7 +4167,7 @@ func (x *Checks) String() string {
 func (*Checks) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Checks) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[43]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[46]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3745,7 +4180,7 @@ func (x *Checks) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Checks.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Checks) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{43}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{46}
 }
 
 func (x *Checks) GetFiles() []string {
@@ -3770,7 +4205,7 @@ type PortInfo struct {
 func (x *PortInfo) Reset() {
 	*x = PortInfo{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[44]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[47]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3783,7 +4218,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo) String() string {
 func (*PortInfo) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PortInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[44]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[47]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3796,7 +4231,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PortInfo.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PortInfo) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{44}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{47}
 }
 
 func (m *PortInfo) GetPortSelection() isPortInfo_PortSelection {
@@ -3867,7 +4302,7 @@ type RouteFirewallRule struct {
 func (x *RouteFirewallRule) Reset() {
 	*x = RouteFirewallRule{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[45]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[48]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3880,7 +4315,7 @@ func (x *RouteFirewallRule) String() string {
 func (*RouteFirewallRule) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RouteFirewallRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[45]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[48]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -3893,7 +4328,7 @@ func (x *RouteFirewallRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RouteFirewallRule.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RouteFirewallRule) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{45}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{48}
 }
 
 func (x *RouteFirewallRule) GetSourceRanges() []string {
@@ -3984,7 +4419,7 @@ type ForwardingRule struct {
 func (x *ForwardingRule) Reset() {
 	*x = ForwardingRule{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[46]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[49]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -3997,7 +4432,7 @@ func (x *ForwardingRule) String() string {
 func (*ForwardingRule) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ForwardingRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[46]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[49]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4010,7 +4445,7 @@ func (x *ForwardingRule) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ForwardingRule.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ForwardingRule) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{46}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{49}
 }
 
 func (x *ForwardingRule) GetProtocol() RuleProtocol {
@@ -4059,7 +4494,7 @@ type ExposeServiceRequest struct {
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[47]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[50]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4072,7 +4507,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[47]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[50]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4085,7 +4520,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{47}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{50}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceRequest) GetPort() uint32 {
@@ -4158,7 +4593,7 @@ type ExposeServiceResponse struct {
 func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ExposeServiceResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[48]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[51]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4171,7 +4606,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) String() string {
 func (*ExposeServiceResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[48]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[51]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4184,7 +4619,7 @@ func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ExposeServiceResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ExposeServiceResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{48}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{51}
 }
 
 func (x *ExposeServiceResponse) GetServiceName() string {
@@ -4226,7 +4661,7 @@ type RenewExposeRequest struct {
 func (x *RenewExposeRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = RenewExposeRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[49]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[52]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4239,7 +4674,7 @@ func (x *RenewExposeRequest) String() string {
 func (*RenewExposeRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RenewExposeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[49]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[52]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4252,7 +4687,7 @@ func (x *RenewExposeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RenewExposeRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RenewExposeRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{49}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{52}
 }
 
 func (x *RenewExposeRequest) GetDomain() string {
@@ -4271,7 +4706,7 @@ type RenewExposeResponse struct {
 func (x *RenewExposeResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = RenewExposeResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[50]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[53]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4284,7 +4719,7 @@ func (x *RenewExposeResponse) String() string {
 func (*RenewExposeResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *RenewExposeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[50]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[53]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4297,7 +4732,7 @@ func (x *RenewExposeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use RenewExposeResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*RenewExposeResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{50}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{53}
 }
 
 type StopExposeRequest struct {
@@ -4311,7 +4746,7 @@ type StopExposeRequest struct {
 func (x *StopExposeRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = StopExposeRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[51]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[54]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4324,7 +4759,7 @@ func (x *StopExposeRequest) String() string {
 func (*StopExposeRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopExposeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[51]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[54]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4337,7 +4772,7 @@ func (x *StopExposeRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopExposeRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopExposeRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{51}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{54}
 }
 
 func (x *StopExposeRequest) GetDomain() string {
@@ -4356,7 +4791,7 @@ type StopExposeResponse struct {
 func (x *StopExposeResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = StopExposeResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[52]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[55]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4369,7 +4804,7 @@ func (x *StopExposeResponse) String() string {
 func (*StopExposeResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *StopExposeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[52]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[55]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4382,7 +4817,1962 @@ func (x *StopExposeResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use StopExposeResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*StopExposeResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{52}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{55}
+}
+
+// NetworkMapEnvelope wraps either a full snapshot or a delta. Only Full is
+// emitted today; Delta is reserved for the incremental-update work.
+type NetworkMapEnvelope struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Types that are assignable to Payload:
+	//
+	//	*NetworkMapEnvelope_Full
+	//	*NetworkMapEnvelope_Delta
+	Payload isNetworkMapEnvelope_Payload `protobuf_oneof:"payload"`
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapEnvelope) Reset() {
+	*x = NetworkMapEnvelope{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[56]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapEnvelope) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*NetworkMapEnvelope) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapEnvelope) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[56]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use NetworkMapEnvelope.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*NetworkMapEnvelope) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{56}
+}
+
+func (m *NetworkMapEnvelope) GetPayload() isNetworkMapEnvelope_Payload {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Payload
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapEnvelope) GetFull() *NetworkMapComponentsFull {
+	if x, ok := x.GetPayload().(*NetworkMapEnvelope_Full); ok {
+		return x.Full
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapEnvelope) GetDelta() *NetworkMapComponentsDelta {
+	if x, ok := x.GetPayload().(*NetworkMapEnvelope_Delta); ok {
+		return x.Delta
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type isNetworkMapEnvelope_Payload interface {
+	isNetworkMapEnvelope_Payload()
+}
+
+type NetworkMapEnvelope_Full struct {
+	Full *NetworkMapComponentsFull `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=full,proto3,oneof"`
+}
+
+type NetworkMapEnvelope_Delta struct {
+	Delta *NetworkMapComponentsDelta `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=delta,proto3,oneof"`
+}
+
+func (*NetworkMapEnvelope_Full) isNetworkMapEnvelope_Payload() {}
+
+func (*NetworkMapEnvelope_Delta) isNetworkMapEnvelope_Payload() {}
+
+// NetworkMapComponentsFull is the full per-peer component snapshot. The
+// client decodes it into a types.NetworkMapComponents and runs Calculate()
+// locally to produce the same NetworkMap the legacy server path would have
+// produced. Every field carries RAW component data — no server-side
+// expansion (firewall rules, DNS config, SSH auth, route firewall rules,
+// forwarding rules) is shipped; the client computes those itself.
+type NetworkMapComponentsFull struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Serial uint64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=serial,proto3" json:"serial,omitempty"`
+	// Peer config for the receiving peer (legacy proto.PeerConfig kept as-is —
+	// it carries the receiving peer's own overlay address, FQDN, SSH config).
+	PeerConfig *PeerConfig `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=peer_config,json=peerConfig,proto3" json:"peer_config,omitempty"`
+	// Account-level network metadata (id, IPv4/IPv6 overlay subnets, DNS,
+	// serial). Mirrors types.Network.
+	Network *AccountNetwork `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=network,proto3" json:"network,omitempty"`
+	// Account-level settings the client needs for its local Calculate().
+	AccountSettings *AccountSettingsCompact `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=account_settings,json=accountSettings,proto3" json:"account_settings,omitempty"`
+	// Account DNS settings (mirrors types.DNSSettings).
+	DnsSettings *DNSSettingsCompact `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=dns_settings,json=dnsSettings,proto3" json:"dns_settings,omitempty"`
+	// Domain shared across all peers in this account, e.g. "netbird.cloud".
+	// Each peer's FQDN is dns_label + "." + dns_domain.
+	DnsDomain string `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=dns_domain,json=dnsDomain,proto3" json:"dns_domain,omitempty"`
+	// Custom-zone domain for this peer's view (c.CustomZoneDomain). Empty when
+	// the peer has no custom zone records.
+	CustomZoneDomain string `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=custom_zone_domain,json=customZoneDomain,proto3" json:"custom_zone_domain,omitempty"`
+	// Deduplicated agent versions; PeerCompact.agent_version_idx indexes here.
+	// Empty string at index 0 if any peer has no version.
+	AgentVersions []string `protobuf:"bytes,8,rep,name=agent_versions,json=agentVersions,proto3" json:"agent_versions,omitempty"`
+	// All peers (deduplicated). The client splits peers into online / offline
+	// locally using account_settings.peer_login_expiration on receive.
+	Peers []*PeerCompact `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=peers,proto3" json:"peers,omitempty"`
+	// Indexes into peers for the subset that may act as routers.
+	RouterPeerIndexes []uint32 `protobuf:"varint,10,rep,packed,name=router_peer_indexes,json=routerPeerIndexes,proto3" json:"router_peer_indexes,omitempty"`
+	// Policies that affect the receiving peer.
+	Policies []*PolicyCompact `protobuf:"bytes,11,rep,name=policies,proto3" json:"policies,omitempty"`
+	// Groups in unspecified order — clients key off id (public_id).
+	Groups []*GroupCompact `protobuf:"bytes,12,rep,name=groups,proto3" json:"groups,omitempty"`
+	// Routes relevant to this peer, raw shape (mirrors []*route.Route).
+	Routes []*RouteRaw `protobuf:"bytes,13,rep,name=routes,proto3" json:"routes,omitempty"`
+	// Nameserver groups (mirrors []*nbdns.NameServerGroup).
+	NameserverGroups []*NameServerGroupRaw `protobuf:"bytes,14,rep,name=nameserver_groups,json=nameserverGroups,proto3" json:"nameserver_groups,omitempty"`
+	// All DNS records the client needs to assemble its custom zone. Reuses
+	// the existing SimpleRecord wire shape.
+	AllDnsRecords []*SimpleRecord `protobuf:"bytes,15,rep,name=all_dns_records,json=allDnsRecords,proto3" json:"all_dns_records,omitempty"`
+	// Custom zones (typically the peer's own zone). Reuses the existing
+	// CustomZone wire shape.
+	AccountZones []*CustomZone `protobuf:"bytes,16,rep,name=account_zones,json=accountZones,proto3" json:"account_zones,omitempty"`
+	// Network resources (mirrors []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource).
+	NetworkResources []*NetworkResourceRaw `protobuf:"bytes,17,rep,name=network_resources,json=networkResources,proto3" json:"network_resources,omitempty"`
+	// Routers per network. Outer key: network public_id. Each entry is
+	// the set of routers backing that network for this peer's view.
+	RoutersMap map[string]*NetworkRouterList `protobuf:"bytes,18,rep,name=routers_map,json=routersMap,proto3" json:"routers_map,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	// For each NetworkResource public_id, the indexes into policies[]
+	// that apply to it.
+	ResourcePoliciesMap map[string]*PolicyIds `protobuf:"bytes,19,rep,name=resource_policies_map,json=resourcePoliciesMap,proto3" json:"resource_policies_map,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	// Group-id (public_id) → user ids authorized for SSH on members.
+	GroupIdToUserIds map[string]*UserIDList `protobuf:"bytes,20,rep,name=group_id_to_user_ids,json=groupIdToUserIds,proto3" json:"group_id_to_user_ids,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	// Account-level allowed user ids (used by Calculate() when assembling SSH
+	// authorized users for the receiving peer).
+	AllowedUserIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,21,rep,name=allowed_user_ids,json=allowedUserIds,proto3" json:"allowed_user_ids,omitempty"`
+	// Per posture-check public_id, the set of peer indexes that failed
+	// the check. Server-side evaluation result; clients do not re-evaluate.
+	PostureFailedPeers map[string]*PeerIndexSet `protobuf:"bytes,22,rep,name=posture_failed_peers,json=postureFailedPeers,proto3" json:"posture_failed_peers,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	// Account-level DNS forwarder port (mirrors the legacy
+	// proto.DNSConfig.ForwarderPort). Computed by the controller from peer
+	// versions; clients fold it into their Calculate() DNS output.
+	DnsForwarderPort int64 `protobuf:"varint,23,opt,name=dns_forwarder_port,json=dnsForwarderPort,proto3" json:"dns_forwarder_port,omitempty"`
+	// Pre-expanded NetworkMap fragments injected post-Calculate by external
+	// controllers (BYOP / port-forwarding proxies). The receiving client
+	// merges these into its locally-computed NetworkMap the same way the
+	// legacy server does via NetworkMap.Merge — so downstream consumers see
+	// a unified merged result regardless of source.
+	ProxyPatch *ProxyPatch `protobuf:"bytes,24,opt,name=proxy_patch,json=proxyPatch,proto3" json:"proxy_patch,omitempty"`
+	// SSH UserIDClaim — server-side HttpServerConfig.AuthUserIDClaim, or
+	// "sub" by default. Populated in proto.SSHAuth.UserIDClaim when the
+	// client rebuilds the NetworkMap from this envelope. Empty when the
+	// account has no AuthorizedUsers (and thus no SshAuth to populate).
+	UserIdClaim string `protobuf:"bytes,25,opt,name=user_id_claim,json=userIdClaim,proto3" json:"user_id_claim,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) Reset() {
+	*x = NetworkMapComponentsFull{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[57]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*NetworkMapComponentsFull) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[57]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use NetworkMapComponentsFull.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*NetworkMapComponentsFull) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{57}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetSerial() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Serial
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetPeerConfig() *PeerConfig {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerConfig
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetNetwork() *AccountNetwork {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Network
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetAccountSettings() *AccountSettingsCompact {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AccountSettings
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetDnsSettings() *DNSSettingsCompact {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DnsSettings
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetDnsDomain() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DnsDomain
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetCustomZoneDomain() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.CustomZoneDomain
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetAgentVersions() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AgentVersions
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetPeers() []*PeerCompact {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Peers
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetRouterPeerIndexes() []uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.RouterPeerIndexes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetPolicies() []*PolicyCompact {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Policies
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetGroups() []*GroupCompact {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Groups
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetRoutes() []*RouteRaw {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Routes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetNameserverGroups() []*NameServerGroupRaw {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NameserverGroups
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetAllDnsRecords() []*SimpleRecord {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AllDnsRecords
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetAccountZones() []*CustomZone {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AccountZones
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetNetworkResources() []*NetworkResourceRaw {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NetworkResources
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetRoutersMap() map[string]*NetworkRouterList {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.RoutersMap
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetResourcePoliciesMap() map[string]*PolicyIds {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ResourcePoliciesMap
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetGroupIdToUserIds() map[string]*UserIDList {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.GroupIdToUserIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetAllowedUserIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AllowedUserIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetPostureFailedPeers() map[string]*PeerIndexSet {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PostureFailedPeers
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetDnsForwarderPort() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DnsForwarderPort
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetProxyPatch() *ProxyPatch {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ProxyPatch
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsFull) GetUserIdClaim() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserIdClaim
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// ProxyPatch carries NetworkMap fragments that don't fit the component-graph
+// model — they're pre-expanded by external controllers (BYOP /
+// port-forwarding proxies) and injected post-Calculate. Fields use the
+// legacy wire types because the proxy delivers them pre-formed; there is
+// no raw component shape to convert from. Empty when no proxy is active.
+type ProxyPatch struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Peers              []*RemotePeerConfig  `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=peers,proto3" json:"peers,omitempty"`
+	OfflinePeers       []*RemotePeerConfig  `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=offline_peers,json=offlinePeers,proto3" json:"offline_peers,omitempty"`
+	FirewallRules      []*FirewallRule      `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=firewall_rules,json=firewallRules,proto3" json:"firewall_rules,omitempty"`
+	Routes             []*Route             `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=routes,proto3" json:"routes,omitempty"`
+	RouteFirewallRules []*RouteFirewallRule `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=route_firewall_rules,json=routeFirewallRules,proto3" json:"route_firewall_rules,omitempty"`
+	ForwardingRules    []*ForwardingRule    `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=forwarding_rules,json=forwardingRules,proto3" json:"forwarding_rules,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyPatch) Reset() {
+	*x = ProxyPatch{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[58]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyPatch) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ProxyPatch) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ProxyPatch) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[58]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ProxyPatch.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ProxyPatch) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{58}
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyPatch) GetPeers() []*RemotePeerConfig {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Peers
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyPatch) GetOfflinePeers() []*RemotePeerConfig {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.OfflinePeers
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyPatch) GetFirewallRules() []*FirewallRule {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.FirewallRules
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyPatch) GetRoutes() []*Route {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Routes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyPatch) GetRouteFirewallRules() []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.RouteFirewallRules
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyPatch) GetForwardingRules() []*ForwardingRule {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ForwardingRules
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AccountSettingsCompact carries the account-level settings the client needs
+// to evaluate locally. Mirrors the subset of types.AccountSettingsInfo that
+// Calculate() actually reads — login-expiration (used to filter expired
+// peers). Inactivity expiration is purely server-side bookkeeping and is not
+// shipped.
+type AccountSettingsCompact struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	PeerLoginExpirationEnabled bool `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=peer_login_expiration_enabled,json=peerLoginExpirationEnabled,proto3" json:"peer_login_expiration_enabled,omitempty"`
+	// Login expiration window. Unit is nanoseconds (matches time.Duration).
+	PeerLoginExpirationNs int64 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=peer_login_expiration_ns,json=peerLoginExpirationNs,proto3" json:"peer_login_expiration_ns,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *AccountSettingsCompact) Reset() {
+	*x = AccountSettingsCompact{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[59]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *AccountSettingsCompact) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*AccountSettingsCompact) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *AccountSettingsCompact) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[59]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use AccountSettingsCompact.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*AccountSettingsCompact) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{59}
+}
+
+func (x *AccountSettingsCompact) GetPeerLoginExpirationEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *AccountSettingsCompact) GetPeerLoginExpirationNs() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerLoginExpirationNs
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// AccountNetwork is the account-level overlay metadata. Mirrors types.Network
+// so the client can populate NetworkMap.Network without a server round-trip.
+type AccountNetwork struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Identifier string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=identifier,proto3" json:"identifier,omitempty"`
+	// IPv4 overlay subnet in CIDR form (e.g. "100.64.0.0/16").
+	NetCidr string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=net_cidr,json=netCidr,proto3" json:"net_cidr,omitempty"`
+	// IPv6 ULA overlay subnet in CIDR form (e.g. "fd00:4e42::/64"). Empty when
+	// the account has no IPv6 overlay yet.
+	NetV6Cidr string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=net_v6_cidr,json=netV6Cidr,proto3" json:"net_v6_cidr,omitempty"`
+	Dns       string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=dns,proto3" json:"dns,omitempty"`
+	Serial    uint64 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=serial,proto3" json:"serial,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *AccountNetwork) Reset() {
+	*x = AccountNetwork{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[60]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *AccountNetwork) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*AccountNetwork) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *AccountNetwork) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[60]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use AccountNetwork.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*AccountNetwork) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{60}
+}
+
+func (x *AccountNetwork) GetIdentifier() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Identifier
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *AccountNetwork) GetNetCidr() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NetCidr
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *AccountNetwork) GetNetV6Cidr() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NetV6Cidr
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *AccountNetwork) GetDns() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Dns
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *AccountNetwork) GetSerial() uint64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Serial
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// NetworkMapComponentsDelta is reserved for the incremental update
+// protocol. Field numbers 1–100 are pre-allocated to keep room for the
+// planned event types without needing a renumber.
+type NetworkMapComponentsDelta struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsDelta) Reset() {
+	*x = NetworkMapComponentsDelta{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[61]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsDelta) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*NetworkMapComponentsDelta) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *NetworkMapComponentsDelta) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[61]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use NetworkMapComponentsDelta.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*NetworkMapComponentsDelta) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{61}
+}
+
+// PeerCompact is the wire-shape of a remote peer used by the component
+// format. It carries every field of types.Peer that the client's local
+// Calculate() reads — including the trio needed to evaluate
+// LoginExpired() (added_with_sso_login + login_expiration_enabled +
+// last_login_unix_nano). Fields the client does not consume (Status,
+// CreatedAt, etc.) are not shipped.
+type PeerCompact struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Raw 32-byte WireGuard public key (no base64 wrapping).
+	WgPubKey []byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=wg_pub_key,json=wgPubKey,proto3" json:"wg_pub_key,omitempty"`
+	// Raw 4-byte IPv4 overlay address. Always a /32 host route, so no prefix
+	// byte is needed.
+	Ip []byte `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=ip,proto3" json:"ip,omitempty"`
+	// Raw 16-byte IPv6 overlay address; always a /128 host route. Empty when
+	// the peer has no IPv6 overlay address.
+	Ipv6 []byte `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=ipv6,proto3" json:"ipv6,omitempty"`
+	// Raw SSH public key bytes (or empty).
+	SshPubKey []byte `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=ssh_pub_key,json=sshPubKey,proto3" json:"ssh_pub_key,omitempty"`
+	// DNS label without the account's domain suffix. Full FQDN is
+	// dns_label + "." + NetworkMapComponentsFull.dns_domain.
+	DnsLabel     string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=dns_label,json=dnsLabel,proto3" json:"dns_label,omitempty"`
+	AgentVersion string `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=agent_version,json=agentVersion,proto3" json:"agent_version,omitempty"`
+	// True iff the peer was added via SSO login (i.e., types.Peer.UserID is
+	// non-empty). Combined with login_expiration_enabled and
+	// last_login_unix_nano this lets the client reproduce
+	// (*Peer).LoginExpired() locally.
+	AddedWithSsoLogin bool `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=added_with_sso_login,json=addedWithSsoLogin,proto3" json:"added_with_sso_login,omitempty"`
+	// True when the peer's login can expire — mirrors
+	// types.Peer.LoginExpirationEnabled.
+	LoginExpirationEnabled bool `protobuf:"varint,8,opt,name=login_expiration_enabled,json=loginExpirationEnabled,proto3" json:"login_expiration_enabled,omitempty"`
+	// Unix-nanosecond timestamp of the peer's last login. 0 when the peer has
+	// never logged in (server stores nil; client treats 0 as "epoch", which
+	// makes a fresh peer immediately expired iff login_expiration_enabled is
+	// true — the same semantics as types.Peer.GetLastLogin).
+	LastLoginUnixNano int64 `protobuf:"varint,9,opt,name=last_login_unix_nano,json=lastLoginUnixNano,proto3" json:"last_login_unix_nano,omitempty"`
+	// True when the peer has an SSH server enabled locally. Used by the
+	// legacy SSH path in Calculate() (`policyRuleImpliesLegacySSH`): a rule
+	// with protocol ALL/TCP-with-SSH-ports activates SSH for the receiving
+	// peer when this bit is set, even without an explicit NetbirdSSH rule.
+	SshEnabled bool `protobuf:"varint,10,opt,name=ssh_enabled,json=sshEnabled,proto3" json:"ssh_enabled,omitempty"`
+	// Mirror of types.Peer.SupportsIPv6() — !Meta.Flags.DisableIPv6 &&
+	// HasCapability(PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay). Used by the local peer's
+	// Calculate() when deciding whether to emit IPv6 firewall rules
+	// (appendIPv6FirewallRule) against this peer's IPv6 address.
+	SupportsIpv6 bool `protobuf:"varint,11,opt,name=supports_ipv6,json=supportsIpv6,proto3" json:"supports_ipv6,omitempty"`
+	// Mirror of types.Peer.SupportsSourcePrefixes() —
+	// HasCapability(PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes). Determines whether the
+	// local peer's Calculate() emits SourcePrefixes alongside legacy PeerIP
+	// fields in proto.FirewallRule.
+	SupportsSourcePrefixes bool `protobuf:"varint,12,opt,name=supports_source_prefixes,json=supportsSourcePrefixes,proto3" json:"supports_source_prefixes,omitempty"`
+	// Mirror of types.Peer.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed. Read by Calculate()
+	// when expanding TCP port-22 firewall rules — the native SSH companion
+	// (port 22022) is only added when this flag is set and the peer agent
+	// version supports it.
+	ServerSshAllowed bool `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=server_ssh_allowed,json=serverSshAllowed,proto3" json:"server_ssh_allowed,omitempty"`
+	// Mirror of types.Peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded. Connections involving an
+	// ephemeral proxy peer on either endpoint default to lazy, so this bit
+	// feeds the per-peer lazyState emitted in RemotePeerConfig.
+	ProxyEmbedded bool `protobuf:"varint,14,opt,name=proxy_embedded,json=proxyEmbedded,proto3" json:"proxy_embedded,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) Reset() {
+	*x = PeerCompact{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[62]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*PeerCompact) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[62]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use PeerCompact.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*PeerCompact) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{62}
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetWgPubKey() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.WgPubKey
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetIp() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Ip
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetIpv6() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Ipv6
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetSshPubKey() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SshPubKey
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetDnsLabel() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DnsLabel
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetAgentVersion() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AgentVersion
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetAddedWithSsoLogin() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AddedWithSsoLogin
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetLoginExpirationEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.LoginExpirationEnabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetLastLoginUnixNano() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.LastLoginUnixNano
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetSshEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SshEnabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetSupportsIpv6() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SupportsIpv6
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetSupportsSourcePrefixes() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SupportsSourcePrefixes
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetServerSshAllowed() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ServerSshAllowed
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *PeerCompact) GetProxyEmbedded() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ProxyEmbedded
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// PolicyCompact is the compact form of a policy rule. Group references use
+// the public_ids; the client resolves
+// them against NetworkMapComponentsFull.groups. Direction is derived per-peer
+// on the client (ingress when the peer is in destination_group_ids, egress
+// when in source_group_ids; both when bidirectional).
+type PolicyCompact struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// public_id. Used as a stable reference for
+	// ResourcePoliciesMap.indexes and future delta updates.
+	Id            string       `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Action        RuleAction   `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=action,proto3,enum=management.RuleAction" json:"action,omitempty"`
+	Protocol      RuleProtocol `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=protocol,proto3,enum=management.RuleProtocol" json:"protocol,omitempty"`
+	Bidirectional bool         `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=bidirectional,proto3" json:"bidirectional,omitempty"`
+	// Single ports referenced by the rule.
+	Ports []uint32 `protobuf:"varint,5,rep,packed,name=ports,proto3" json:"ports,omitempty"`
+	// Port ranges (start..end) referenced by the rule.
+	PortRanges []*PortInfo_Range `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=port_ranges,json=portRanges,proto3" json:"port_ranges,omitempty"`
+	// Group ids (public_ids) of source / destination groups.
+	SourceGroupIds      []string `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=source_group_ids,json=sourceGroupIds,proto3" json:"source_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	DestinationGroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,8,rep,name=destination_group_ids,json=destinationGroupIds,proto3" json:"destination_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	// SSH authorization fields. PolicyRule.AuthorizedGroups maps the rule's
+	// applicable group ids (public_ids) to a list of local-user names —
+	// when a peer in one of those groups is the SSH destination, the named
+	// local users gain access. AuthorizedUser is the single-user form
+	// (legacy: rule scopes SSH to one specific user id).
+	//
+	// Both fields are only consumed by Calculate() when the rule's protocol
+	// is NetbirdSSH (or the legacy implicit-SSH heuristic).
+	AuthorizedGroups map[string]*UserNameList `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=authorized_groups,json=authorizedGroups,proto3" json:"authorized_groups,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	AuthorizedUser   string                   `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=authorized_user,json=authorizedUser,proto3" json:"authorized_user,omitempty"`
+	// Resource-typed rule sources/destinations. When a rule targets a specific
+	// peer (rather than groups), Calculate() reads SourceResource /
+	// DestinationResource — without these the rule's connection resources
+	// can't be produced on the client. ResourceCompact's peer_index refers to
+	// NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers; type is the raw ResourceType string
+	// ("peer", "host", "subnet", "domain"). Only "peer" is meaningful for
+	// Calculate's resource-typed rule path today.
+	SourceResource      *ResourceCompact `protobuf:"bytes,11,opt,name=source_resource,json=sourceResource,proto3" json:"source_resource,omitempty"`
+	DestinationResource *ResourceCompact `protobuf:"bytes,12,opt,name=destination_resource,json=destinationResource,proto3" json:"destination_resource,omitempty"`
+	// Posture-check ids gating this policy's source peers. Calculate()
+	// reads them when filtering rule peers (peers that fail any listed check
+	// are dropped from sourcePeers). Match keys in
+	// NetworkMapComponentsFull.posture_failed_peers.
+	SourcePostureCheckIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,13,rep,name=source_posture_check_ids,json=sourcePostureCheckIds,proto3" json:"source_posture_check_ids,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) Reset() {
+	*x = PolicyCompact{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[63]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*PolicyCompact) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[63]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use PolicyCompact.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*PolicyCompact) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{63}
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetAction() RuleAction {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Action
+	}
+	return RuleAction_ACCEPT
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetProtocol() RuleProtocol {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Protocol
+	}
+	return RuleProtocol_UNKNOWN
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetBidirectional() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Bidirectional
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetPorts() []uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Ports
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetPortRanges() []*PortInfo_Range {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PortRanges
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetSourceGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SourceGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetDestinationGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DestinationGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetAuthorizedGroups() map[string]*UserNameList {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AuthorizedGroups
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetAuthorizedUser() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AuthorizedUser
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetSourceResource() *ResourceCompact {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SourceResource
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetDestinationResource() *ResourceCompact {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DestinationResource
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyCompact) GetSourcePostureCheckIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SourcePostureCheckIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ResourceCompact mirrors types.Resource. Used by PolicyCompact to carry
+// rule.SourceResource / rule.DestinationResource when the rule targets a
+// specific resource (typically a peer) rather than groups.
+type ResourceCompact struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Type         string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=type,proto3" json:"type,omitempty"`
+	PeerIndexSet bool   `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=peer_index_set,json=peerIndexSet,proto3" json:"peer_index_set,omitempty"`
+	PeerIndex    uint32 `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=peer_index,json=peerIndex,proto3" json:"peer_index,omitempty"`
+	Id           string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"` // public id for domain/host/subnet resources
+}
+
+func (x *ResourceCompact) Reset() {
+	*x = ResourceCompact{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[64]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ResourceCompact) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ResourceCompact) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ResourceCompact) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[64]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ResourceCompact.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ResourceCompact) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{64}
+}
+
+func (x *ResourceCompact) GetType() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Type
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ResourceCompact) GetPeerIndexSet() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerIndexSet
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ResourceCompact) GetPeerIndex() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerIndex
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *ResourceCompact) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// UserNameList is a list of local-user names — used as the value type in
+// PolicyCompact.authorized_groups.
+type UserNameList struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Names []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=names,proto3" json:"names,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *UserNameList) Reset() {
+	*x = UserNameList{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[65]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *UserNameList) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*UserNameList) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *UserNameList) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[65]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use UserNameList.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*UserNameList) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{65}
+}
+
+func (x *UserNameList) GetNames() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Names
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GroupCompact is the wire-shape of a group: public id, optional
+// name, and indexes into NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers identifying members.
+type GroupCompact struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// id comes from PublicID. Used by PolicyCompact.source_group_ids / destination_group_ids.
+	Id string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	// Indexes into NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers.
+	PeerIndexes []uint32 `protobuf:"varint,2,rep,packed,name=peer_indexes,json=peerIndexes,proto3" json:"peer_indexes,omitempty"`
+	// True when the group is named "All" (types.Group.IsGroupAll). The
+	// client-side Calculate short-circuits group→peer expansion on such
+	// groups exactly like the server does; without this bit the decoded
+	// groups lose that property and the two sides expand policy
+	// destinations differently.
+	IsAll     bool               `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=is_all,json=isAll,proto3" json:"is_all,omitempty"`
+	Resources []*ResourceCompact `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=resources,proto3" json:"resources,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *GroupCompact) Reset() {
+	*x = GroupCompact{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[66]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *GroupCompact) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GroupCompact) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GroupCompact) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[66]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GroupCompact.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GroupCompact) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{66}
+}
+
+func (x *GroupCompact) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *GroupCompact) GetPeerIndexes() []uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerIndexes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *GroupCompact) GetIsAll() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.IsAll
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *GroupCompact) GetResources() []*ResourceCompact {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Resources
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DNSSettingsCompact mirrors types.DNSSettings.
+type DNSSettingsCompact struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Group ids (public_id) whose DNS management is disabled.
+	DisabledManagementGroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=disabled_management_group_ids,json=disabledManagementGroupIds,proto3" json:"disabled_management_group_ids,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *DNSSettingsCompact) Reset() {
+	*x = DNSSettingsCompact{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[67]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *DNSSettingsCompact) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*DNSSettingsCompact) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *DNSSettingsCompact) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[67]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use DNSSettingsCompact.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*DNSSettingsCompact) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{67}
+}
+
+func (x *DNSSettingsCompact) GetDisabledManagementGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DisabledManagementGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RouteRaw mirrors *route.Route (the domain type), trimmed to fields that
+// types.NetworkMapComponents.Calculate() reads. Group references are
+// public_ids; the routing peer (when set) is referenced by index into
+// NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers.
+type RouteRaw struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Id          string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"` // public_id
+	NetId       string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=net_id,json=netId,proto3" json:"net_id,omitempty"`
+	Description string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=description,proto3" json:"description,omitempty"`
+	// Either network_cidr (e.g. "10.0.0.0/16") or domains is set, not both.
+	NetworkCidr string   `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=network_cidr,json=networkCidr,proto3" json:"network_cidr,omitempty"`
+	Domains     []string `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=domains,proto3" json:"domains,omitempty"`
+	KeepRoute   bool     `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=keep_route,json=keepRoute,proto3" json:"keep_route,omitempty"`
+	// Routing peer reference: peer_index_set tells whether peer_index is valid
+	// (proto3 uint32 cannot disambiguate "0" from "unset"). Mutually exclusive
+	// with peer_group_ids.
+	//
+	// peer_index decodes back to types.Peer.ID (the peer's xid string), NOT
+	// to its WireGuard public key. This matches the server-side data flow:
+	// c.Routes carry route.Peer = peer.ID, and getRoutingPeerRoutes mutates
+	// it to peer.Key only after the route has been admitted to the network
+	// map. Decoders MUST set Route.Peer = peer.ID; the legacy Calculate()
+	// path will substitute the WG key downstream.
+	PeerIndexSet          bool     `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=peer_index_set,json=peerIndexSet,proto3" json:"peer_index_set,omitempty"`
+	PeerIndex             uint32   `protobuf:"varint,8,opt,name=peer_index,json=peerIndex,proto3" json:"peer_index,omitempty"`
+	PeerGroupIds          []string `protobuf:"bytes,9,rep,name=peer_group_ids,json=peerGroupIds,proto3" json:"peer_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	NetworkType           int32    `protobuf:"varint,10,opt,name=network_type,json=networkType,proto3" json:"network_type,omitempty"`
+	Masquerade            bool     `protobuf:"varint,11,opt,name=masquerade,proto3" json:"masquerade,omitempty"`
+	Metric                int32    `protobuf:"varint,12,opt,name=metric,proto3" json:"metric,omitempty"`
+	Enabled               bool     `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=enabled,proto3" json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+	GroupIds              []string `protobuf:"bytes,14,rep,name=group_ids,json=groupIds,proto3" json:"group_ids,omitempty"`
+	AccessControlGroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,15,rep,name=access_control_group_ids,json=accessControlGroupIds,proto3" json:"access_control_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	SkipAutoApply         bool     `protobuf:"varint,16,opt,name=skip_auto_apply,json=skipAutoApply,proto3" json:"skip_auto_apply,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) Reset() {
+	*x = RouteRaw{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[68]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*RouteRaw) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[68]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use RouteRaw.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*RouteRaw) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{68}
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetNetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NetId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetDescription() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Description
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetNetworkCidr() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NetworkCidr
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetDomains() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Domains
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetKeepRoute() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.KeepRoute
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetPeerIndexSet() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerIndexSet
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetPeerIndex() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerIndex
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetPeerGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetNetworkType() int32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NetworkType
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetMasquerade() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Masquerade
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetMetric() int32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Metric
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Enabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.GroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetAccessControlGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AccessControlGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *RouteRaw) GetSkipAutoApply() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SkipAutoApply
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// NameServerGroupRaw mirrors *nbdns.NameServerGroup. Distinct from the
+// legacy NameServerGroup (which is the wire-trimmed shape consumed by
+// proto.DNSConfig and lacks the Name/Description/Groups/Enabled fields).
+type NameServerGroupRaw struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Id string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	// Reuses the legacy NameServer wire shape (IP as string).
+	Nameservers []*NameServer `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=nameservers,proto3" json:"nameservers,omitempty"`
+	// Group ids the NSG distributes nameservers to.
+	GroupIds             []string `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=group_ids,json=groupIds,proto3" json:"group_ids,omitempty"`
+	Primary              bool     `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=primary,proto3" json:"primary,omitempty"`
+	Domains              []string `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=domains,proto3" json:"domains,omitempty"`
+	Enabled              bool     `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=enabled,proto3" json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+	SearchDomainsEnabled bool     `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=search_domains_enabled,json=searchDomainsEnabled,proto3" json:"search_domains_enabled,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) Reset() {
+	*x = NameServerGroupRaw{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[69]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*NameServerGroupRaw) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[69]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use NameServerGroupRaw.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*NameServerGroupRaw) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{69}
+}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) GetNameservers() []*NameServer {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Nameservers
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) GetGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.GroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) GetPrimary() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Primary
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) GetDomains() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Domains
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) GetEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Enabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *NameServerGroupRaw) GetSearchDomainsEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SearchDomainsEnabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// NetworkResourceRaw mirrors *resourceTypes.NetworkResource.
+type NetworkResourceRaw struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Id          string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	NetworkSeq  string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=network_seq,json=networkSeq,proto3" json:"network_seq,omitempty"`
+	Name        string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Description string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=description,proto3" json:"description,omitempty"`
+	// Resource type: "host" / "subnet" / "domain".
+	Type        string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=type,proto3" json:"type,omitempty"`
+	Address     string `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=address,proto3" json:"address,omitempty"`
+	DomainValue string `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=domain_value,json=domainValue,proto3" json:"domain_value,omitempty"` // resource.Domain
+	PrefixCidr  string `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=prefix_cidr,json=prefixCidr,proto3" json:"prefix_cidr,omitempty"`
+	Enabled     bool   `protobuf:"varint,9,opt,name=enabled,proto3" json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) Reset() {
+	*x = NetworkResourceRaw{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[70]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*NetworkResourceRaw) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[70]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use NetworkResourceRaw.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*NetworkResourceRaw) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{70}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) GetNetworkSeq() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.NetworkSeq
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) GetName() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Name
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) GetDescription() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Description
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) GetType() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Type
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) GetAddress() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Address
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) GetDomainValue() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DomainValue
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) GetPrefixCidr() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PrefixCidr
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkResourceRaw) GetEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Enabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// NetworkRouterList carries the routers backing one network.
+type NetworkRouterList struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Routers in this network, keyed by peer_index (the routing peer).
+	Entries []*NetworkRouterEntry `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=entries,proto3" json:"entries,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterList) Reset() {
+	*x = NetworkRouterList{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[71]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterList) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*NetworkRouterList) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterList) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[71]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use NetworkRouterList.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*NetworkRouterList) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{71}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterList) GetEntries() []*NetworkRouterEntry {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Entries
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// NetworkRouterEntry mirrors a single *routerTypes.NetworkRouter; the routing
+// peer is referenced by index into NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers.
+type NetworkRouterEntry struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Id           string   `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	PeerIndex    uint32   `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=peer_index,json=peerIndex,proto3" json:"peer_index,omitempty"`
+	PeerIndexSet bool     `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=peer_index_set,json=peerIndexSet,proto3" json:"peer_index_set,omitempty"`
+	PeerGroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,4,rep,name=peer_group_ids,json=peerGroupIds,proto3" json:"peer_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	Masquerade   bool     `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=masquerade,proto3" json:"masquerade,omitempty"`
+	Metric       int32    `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=metric,proto3" json:"metric,omitempty"`
+	Enabled      bool     `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=enabled,proto3" json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) Reset() {
+	*x = NetworkRouterEntry{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[72]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*NetworkRouterEntry) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[72]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use NetworkRouterEntry.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*NetworkRouterEntry) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{72}
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) GetPeerIndex() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerIndex
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) GetPeerIndexSet() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerIndexSet
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) GetPeerGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) GetMasquerade() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Masquerade
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) GetMetric() int32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Metric
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *NetworkRouterEntry) GetEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Enabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type PolicyIds struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Ids []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=ids,proto3" json:"ids,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyIds) Reset() {
+	*x = PolicyIds{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[73]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyIds) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*PolicyIds) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *PolicyIds) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[73]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use PolicyIds.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*PolicyIds) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{73}
+}
+
+func (x *PolicyIds) GetIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Ids
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// UserIDList is a list of user ids — used as the value type in
+// NetworkMapComponentsFull.group_id_to_user_ids.
+type UserIDList struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	UserIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=user_ids,json=userIds,proto3" json:"user_ids,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *UserIDList) Reset() {
+	*x = UserIDList{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[74]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *UserIDList) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*UserIDList) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *UserIDList) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[74]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use UserIDList.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*UserIDList) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{74}
+}
+
+func (x *UserIDList) GetUserIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// PeerIndexSet is a set of peer indexes — used as the value type in
+// NetworkMapComponentsFull.posture_failed_peers.
+type PeerIndexSet struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	PeerIndexes []uint32 `protobuf:"varint,1,rep,packed,name=peer_indexes,json=peerIndexes,proto3" json:"peer_indexes,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *PeerIndexSet) Reset() {
+	*x = PeerIndexSet{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[75]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *PeerIndexSet) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*PeerIndexSet) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *PeerIndexSet) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[75]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use PeerIndexSet.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*PeerIndexSet) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{75}
+}
+
+func (x *PeerIndexSet) GetPeerIndexes() []uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerIndexes
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 type PortInfo_Range struct {
@@ -4397,7 +6787,7 @@ type PortInfo_Range struct {
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) Reset() {
 	*x = PortInfo_Range{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[54]
+		mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[77]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -4410,7 +6800,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo_Range) String() string {
 func (*PortInfo_Range) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[54]
+	mi := &file_management_proto_msgTypes[77]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -4423,7 +6813,7 @@ func (x *PortInfo_Range) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PortInfo_Range.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PortInfo_Range) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{44, 0}
+	return file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{47, 0}
 }
 
 func (x *PortInfo_Range) GetStart() uint32 {
@@ -4472,7 +6862,7 @@ var file_management_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x0b, 0x32, 0x18, 0x2e, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x2e, 0x42,
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@@ -4482,655 +6872,1115 @@ var file_management_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
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-	0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x1a, 0x1c, 0x2e, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x6e,
-	0x74, 0x2e, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x72, 0x79, 0x70, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61,
-	0x67, 0x65, 0x22, 0x00, 0x42, 0x08, 0x5a, 0x06, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x06,
-	0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
+	0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x22, 0x00, 0x42, 0x08, 0x5a, 0x06, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f,
+	0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }
 
 var (
@@ -5145,166 +7995,245 @@ func file_management_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	return file_management_proto_rawDescData
 }
 
-var file_management_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 7)
-var file_management_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 55)
+var file_management_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 9)
+var file_management_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 83)
 var file_management_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
 	(JobStatus)(0),                         // 0: management.JobStatus
-	(RuleProtocol)(0),                      // 1: management.RuleProtocol
-	(RuleDirection)(0),                     // 2: management.RuleDirection
-	(RuleAction)(0),                        // 3: management.RuleAction
-	(ExposeProtocol)(0),                    // 4: management.ExposeProtocol
-	(HostConfig_Protocol)(0),               // 5: management.HostConfig.Protocol
-	(DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider)(0),   // 6: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.provider
-	(*EncryptedMessage)(nil),               // 7: management.EncryptedMessage
-	(*JobRequest)(nil),                     // 8: management.JobRequest
-	(*JobResponse)(nil),                    // 9: management.JobResponse
-	(*BundleParameters)(nil),               // 10: management.BundleParameters
-	(*BundleResult)(nil),                   // 11: management.BundleResult
-	(*SyncRequest)(nil),                    // 12: management.SyncRequest
-	(*SyncResponse)(nil),                   // 13: management.SyncResponse
-	(*SyncMetaRequest)(nil),                // 14: management.SyncMetaRequest
-	(*LoginRequest)(nil),                   // 15: management.LoginRequest
-	(*PeerKeys)(nil),                       // 16: management.PeerKeys
-	(*Environment)(nil),                    // 17: management.Environment
-	(*File)(nil),                           // 18: management.File
-	(*Flags)(nil),                          // 19: management.Flags
-	(*PeerSystemMeta)(nil),                 // 20: management.PeerSystemMeta
-	(*LoginResponse)(nil),                  // 21: management.LoginResponse
-	(*ServerKeyResponse)(nil),              // 22: management.ServerKeyResponse
-	(*Empty)(nil),                          // 23: management.Empty
-	(*NetbirdConfig)(nil),                  // 24: management.NetbirdConfig
-	(*HostConfig)(nil),                     // 25: management.HostConfig
-	(*RelayConfig)(nil),                    // 26: management.RelayConfig
-	(*FlowConfig)(nil),                     // 27: management.FlowConfig
-	(*JWTConfig)(nil),                      // 28: management.JWTConfig
-	(*ProtectedHostConfig)(nil),            // 29: management.ProtectedHostConfig
-	(*PeerConfig)(nil),                     // 30: management.PeerConfig
-	(*AutoUpdateSettings)(nil),             // 31: management.AutoUpdateSettings
-	(*NetworkMap)(nil),                     // 32: management.NetworkMap
-	(*SSHAuth)(nil),                        // 33: management.SSHAuth
-	(*MachineUserIndexes)(nil),             // 34: management.MachineUserIndexes
-	(*RemotePeerConfig)(nil),               // 35: management.RemotePeerConfig
-	(*SSHConfig)(nil),                      // 36: management.SSHConfig
-	(*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest)(nil), // 37: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest
-	(*DeviceAuthorizationFlow)(nil),        // 38: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow
-	(*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest)(nil),   // 39: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest
-	(*PKCEAuthorizationFlow)(nil),          // 40: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlow
-	(*ProviderConfig)(nil),                 // 41: management.ProviderConfig
-	(*Route)(nil),                          // 42: management.Route
-	(*DNSConfig)(nil),                      // 43: management.DNSConfig
-	(*CustomZone)(nil),                     // 44: management.CustomZone
-	(*SimpleRecord)(nil),                   // 45: management.SimpleRecord
-	(*NameServerGroup)(nil),                // 46: management.NameServerGroup
-	(*NameServer)(nil),                     // 47: management.NameServer
-	(*FirewallRule)(nil),                   // 48: management.FirewallRule
-	(*NetworkAddress)(nil),                 // 49: management.NetworkAddress
-	(*Checks)(nil),                         // 50: management.Checks
-	(*PortInfo)(nil),                       // 51: management.PortInfo
-	(*RouteFirewallRule)(nil),              // 52: management.RouteFirewallRule
-	(*ForwardingRule)(nil),                 // 53: management.ForwardingRule
-	(*ExposeServiceRequest)(nil),           // 54: management.ExposeServiceRequest
-	(*ExposeServiceResponse)(nil),          // 55: management.ExposeServiceResponse
-	(*RenewExposeRequest)(nil),             // 56: management.RenewExposeRequest
-	(*RenewExposeResponse)(nil),            // 57: management.RenewExposeResponse
-	(*StopExposeRequest)(nil),              // 58: management.StopExposeRequest
-	(*StopExposeResponse)(nil),             // 59: management.StopExposeResponse
-	nil,                                    // 60: management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry
-	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                 // 61: management.PortInfo.Range
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),          // 62: google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),            // 63: google.protobuf.Duration
+	(PeerCapability)(0),                    // 1: management.PeerCapability
+	(LazyState)(0),                         // 2: management.LazyState
+	(RuleProtocol)(0),                      // 3: management.RuleProtocol
+	(RuleDirection)(0),                     // 4: management.RuleDirection
+	(RuleAction)(0),                        // 5: management.RuleAction
+	(ExposeProtocol)(0),                    // 6: management.ExposeProtocol
+	(HostConfig_Protocol)(0),               // 7: management.HostConfig.Protocol
+	(DeviceAuthorizationFlowProvider)(0),   // 8: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.provider
+	(*EncryptedMessage)(nil),               // 9: management.EncryptedMessage
+	(*JobRequest)(nil),                     // 10: management.JobRequest
+	(*JobResponse)(nil),                    // 11: management.JobResponse
+	(*BundleParameters)(nil),               // 12: management.BundleParameters
+	(*BundleResult)(nil),                   // 13: management.BundleResult
+	(*SyncRequest)(nil),                    // 14: management.SyncRequest
+	(*SyncResponse)(nil),                   // 15: management.SyncResponse
+	(*SyncMetaRequest)(nil),                // 16: management.SyncMetaRequest
+	(*LoginRequest)(nil),                   // 17: management.LoginRequest
+	(*PeerKeys)(nil),                       // 18: management.PeerKeys
+	(*Environment)(nil),                    // 19: management.Environment
+	(*File)(nil),                           // 20: management.File
+	(*Flags)(nil),                          // 21: management.Flags
+	(*PeerSystemMeta)(nil),                 // 22: management.PeerSystemMeta
+	(*LoginResponse)(nil),                  // 23: management.LoginResponse
+	(*ExtendAuthSessionRequest)(nil),       // 24: management.ExtendAuthSessionRequest
+	(*ExtendAuthSessionResponse)(nil),      // 25: management.ExtendAuthSessionResponse
+	(*ServerKeyResponse)(nil),              // 26: management.ServerKeyResponse
+	(*Empty)(nil),                          // 27: management.Empty
+	(*NetbirdConfig)(nil),                  // 28: management.NetbirdConfig
+	(*HostConfig)(nil),                     // 29: management.HostConfig
+	(*RelayConfig)(nil),                    // 30: management.RelayConfig
+	(*FlowConfig)(nil),                     // 31: management.FlowConfig
+	(*MetricsConfig)(nil),                  // 32: management.MetricsConfig
+	(*JWTConfig)(nil),                      // 33: management.JWTConfig
+	(*ProtectedHostConfig)(nil),            // 34: management.ProtectedHostConfig
+	(*PeerConfig)(nil),                     // 35: management.PeerConfig
+	(*AutoUpdateSettings)(nil),             // 36: management.AutoUpdateSettings
+	(*NetworkMap)(nil),                     // 37: management.NetworkMap
+	(*SSHAuth)(nil),                        // 38: management.SSHAuth
+	(*MachineUserIndexes)(nil),             // 39: management.MachineUserIndexes
+	(*RemotePeerConfig)(nil),               // 40: management.RemotePeerConfig
+	(*SSHConfig)(nil),                      // 41: management.SSHConfig
+	(*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest)(nil), // 42: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest
+	(*DeviceAuthorizationFlow)(nil),        // 43: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow
+	(*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest)(nil),   // 44: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest
+	(*PKCEAuthorizationFlow)(nil),          // 45: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlow
+	(*ProviderConfig)(nil),                 // 46: management.ProviderConfig
+	(*Route)(nil),                          // 47: management.Route
+	(*DNSConfig)(nil),                      // 48: management.DNSConfig
+	(*CustomZone)(nil),                     // 49: management.CustomZone
+	(*SimpleRecord)(nil),                   // 50: management.SimpleRecord
+	(*NameServerGroup)(nil),                // 51: management.NameServerGroup
+	(*NameServer)(nil),                     // 52: management.NameServer
+	(*FirewallRule)(nil),                   // 53: management.FirewallRule
+	(*NetworkAddress)(nil),                 // 54: management.NetworkAddress
+	(*Checks)(nil),                         // 55: management.Checks
+	(*PortInfo)(nil),                       // 56: management.PortInfo
+	(*RouteFirewallRule)(nil),              // 57: management.RouteFirewallRule
+	(*ForwardingRule)(nil),                 // 58: management.ForwardingRule
+	(*ExposeServiceRequest)(nil),           // 59: management.ExposeServiceRequest
+	(*ExposeServiceResponse)(nil),          // 60: management.ExposeServiceResponse
+	(*RenewExposeRequest)(nil),             // 61: management.RenewExposeRequest
+	(*RenewExposeResponse)(nil),            // 62: management.RenewExposeResponse
+	(*StopExposeRequest)(nil),              // 63: management.StopExposeRequest
+	(*StopExposeResponse)(nil),             // 64: management.StopExposeResponse
+	(*NetworkMapEnvelope)(nil),             // 65: management.NetworkMapEnvelope
+	(*NetworkMapComponentsFull)(nil),       // 66: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull
+	(*ProxyPatch)(nil),                     // 67: management.ProxyPatch
+	(*AccountSettingsCompact)(nil),         // 68: management.AccountSettingsCompact
+	(*AccountNetwork)(nil),                 // 69: management.AccountNetwork
+	(*NetworkMapComponentsDelta)(nil),      // 70: management.NetworkMapComponentsDelta
+	(*PeerCompact)(nil),                    // 71: management.PeerCompact
+	(*PolicyCompact)(nil),                  // 72: management.PolicyCompact
+	(*ResourceCompact)(nil),                // 73: management.ResourceCompact
+	(*UserNameList)(nil),                   // 74: management.UserNameList
+	(*GroupCompact)(nil),                   // 75: management.GroupCompact
+	(*DNSSettingsCompact)(nil),             // 76: management.DNSSettingsCompact
+	(*RouteRaw)(nil),                       // 77: management.RouteRaw
+	(*NameServerGroupRaw)(nil),             // 78: management.NameServerGroupRaw
+	(*NetworkResourceRaw)(nil),             // 79: management.NetworkResourceRaw
+	(*NetworkRouterList)(nil),              // 80: management.NetworkRouterList
+	(*NetworkRouterEntry)(nil),             // 81: management.NetworkRouterEntry
+	(*PolicyIds)(nil),                      // 82: management.PolicyIds
+	(*UserIDList)(nil),                     // 83: management.UserIDList
+	(*PeerIndexSet)(nil),                   // 84: management.PeerIndexSet
+	nil,                                    // 85: management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry
+	(*PortInfo_Range)(nil),                 // 86: management.PortInfo.Range
+	nil,                                    // 87: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.RoutersMapEntry
+	nil,                                    // 88: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.ResourcePoliciesMapEntry
+	nil,                                    // 89: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.GroupIdToUserIdsEntry
+	nil,                                    // 90: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.PostureFailedPeersEntry
+	nil,                                    // 91: management.PolicyCompact.AuthorizedGroupsEntry
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),          // 92: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),            // 93: google.protobuf.Duration
 }
 var file_management_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	10, // 0: management.JobRequest.bundle:type_name -> management.BundleParameters
-	0,  // 1: management.JobResponse.status:type_name -> management.JobStatus
-	11, // 2: management.JobResponse.bundle:type_name -> management.BundleResult
-	20, // 3: management.SyncRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
-	24, // 4: management.SyncResponse.netbirdConfig:type_name -> management.NetbirdConfig
-	30, // 5: management.SyncResponse.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
-	35, // 6: management.SyncResponse.remotePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
-	32, // 7: management.SyncResponse.NetworkMap:type_name -> management.NetworkMap
-	50, // 8: management.SyncResponse.Checks:type_name -> management.Checks
-	20, // 9: management.SyncMetaRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
-	20, // 10: management.LoginRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
-	16, // 11: management.LoginRequest.peerKeys:type_name -> management.PeerKeys
-	49, // 12: management.PeerSystemMeta.networkAddresses:type_name -> management.NetworkAddress
-	17, // 13: management.PeerSystemMeta.environment:type_name -> management.Environment
-	18, // 14: management.PeerSystemMeta.files:type_name -> management.File
-	19, // 15: management.PeerSystemMeta.flags:type_name -> management.Flags
-	24, // 16: management.LoginResponse.netbirdConfig:type_name -> management.NetbirdConfig
-	30, // 17: management.LoginResponse.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
-	50, // 18: management.LoginResponse.Checks:type_name -> management.Checks
-	62, // 19: management.ServerKeyResponse.expiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	25, // 20: management.NetbirdConfig.stuns:type_name -> management.HostConfig
-	29, // 21: management.NetbirdConfig.turns:type_name -> management.ProtectedHostConfig
-	25, // 22: management.NetbirdConfig.signal:type_name -> management.HostConfig
-	26, // 23: management.NetbirdConfig.relay:type_name -> management.RelayConfig
-	27, // 24: management.NetbirdConfig.flow:type_name -> management.FlowConfig
-	5,  // 25: management.HostConfig.protocol:type_name -> management.HostConfig.Protocol
-	63, // 26: management.FlowConfig.interval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
-	25, // 27: management.ProtectedHostConfig.hostConfig:type_name -> management.HostConfig
-	36, // 28: management.PeerConfig.sshConfig:type_name -> management.SSHConfig
-	31, // 29: management.PeerConfig.autoUpdate:type_name -> management.AutoUpdateSettings
-	30, // 30: management.NetworkMap.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
-	35, // 31: management.NetworkMap.remotePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
-	42, // 32: management.NetworkMap.Routes:type_name -> management.Route
-	43, // 33: management.NetworkMap.DNSConfig:type_name -> management.DNSConfig
-	35, // 34: management.NetworkMap.offlinePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
-	48, // 35: management.NetworkMap.FirewallRules:type_name -> management.FirewallRule
-	52, // 36: management.NetworkMap.routesFirewallRules:type_name -> management.RouteFirewallRule
-	53, // 37: management.NetworkMap.forwardingRules:type_name -> management.ForwardingRule
-	33, // 38: management.NetworkMap.sshAuth:type_name -> management.SSHAuth
-	60, // 39: management.SSHAuth.machine_users:type_name -> management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry
-	36, // 40: management.RemotePeerConfig.sshConfig:type_name -> management.SSHConfig
-	28, // 41: management.SSHConfig.jwtConfig:type_name -> management.JWTConfig
-	6,  // 42: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.Provider:type_name -> management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.provider
-	41, // 43: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig:type_name -> management.ProviderConfig
-	41, // 44: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig:type_name -> management.ProviderConfig
-	46, // 45: management.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups:type_name -> management.NameServerGroup
-	44, // 46: management.DNSConfig.CustomZones:type_name -> management.CustomZone
-	45, // 47: management.CustomZone.Records:type_name -> management.SimpleRecord
-	47, // 48: management.NameServerGroup.NameServers:type_name -> management.NameServer
-	2,  // 49: management.FirewallRule.Direction:type_name -> management.RuleDirection
-	3,  // 50: management.FirewallRule.Action:type_name -> management.RuleAction
-	1,  // 51: management.FirewallRule.Protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
-	51, // 52: management.FirewallRule.PortInfo:type_name -> management.PortInfo
-	61, // 53: management.PortInfo.range:type_name -> management.PortInfo.Range
-	3,  // 54: management.RouteFirewallRule.action:type_name -> management.RuleAction
-	1,  // 55: management.RouteFirewallRule.protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
-	51, // 56: management.RouteFirewallRule.portInfo:type_name -> management.PortInfo
-	1,  // 57: management.ForwardingRule.protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
-	51, // 58: management.ForwardingRule.destinationPort:type_name -> management.PortInfo
-	51, // 59: management.ForwardingRule.translatedPort:type_name -> management.PortInfo
-	4,  // 60: management.ExposeServiceRequest.protocol:type_name -> management.ExposeProtocol
-	34, // 61: management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry.value:type_name -> management.MachineUserIndexes
-	7,  // 62: management.ManagementService.Login:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 63: management.ManagementService.Sync:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	23, // 64: management.ManagementService.GetServerKey:input_type -> management.Empty
-	23, // 65: management.ManagementService.isHealthy:input_type -> management.Empty
-	7,  // 66: management.ManagementService.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 67: management.ManagementService.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 68: management.ManagementService.SyncMeta:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 69: management.ManagementService.Logout:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 70: management.ManagementService.Job:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 71: management.ManagementService.CreateExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 72: management.ManagementService.RenewExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 73: management.ManagementService.StopExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 74: management.ManagementService.Login:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 75: management.ManagementService.Sync:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	22, // 76: management.ManagementService.GetServerKey:output_type -> management.ServerKeyResponse
-	23, // 77: management.ManagementService.isHealthy:output_type -> management.Empty
-	7,  // 78: management.ManagementService.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 79: management.ManagementService.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	23, // 80: management.ManagementService.SyncMeta:output_type -> management.Empty
-	23, // 81: management.ManagementService.Logout:output_type -> management.Empty
-	7,  // 82: management.ManagementService.Job:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 83: management.ManagementService.CreateExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 84: management.ManagementService.RenewExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	7,  // 85: management.ManagementService.StopExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
-	74, // [74:86] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	62, // [62:74] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	62, // [62:62] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	62, // [62:62] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:62] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	12,  // 0: management.JobRequest.bundle:type_name -> management.BundleParameters
+	0,   // 1: management.JobResponse.status:type_name -> management.JobStatus
+	13,  // 2: management.JobResponse.bundle:type_name -> management.BundleResult
+	22,  // 3: management.SyncRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
+	28,  // 4: management.SyncResponse.netbirdConfig:type_name -> management.NetbirdConfig
+	35,  // 5: management.SyncResponse.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
+	40,  // 6: management.SyncResponse.remotePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
+	37,  // 7: management.SyncResponse.NetworkMap:type_name -> management.NetworkMap
+	55,  // 8: management.SyncResponse.Checks:type_name -> management.Checks
+	92,  // 9: management.SyncResponse.sessionExpiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	65,  // 10: management.SyncResponse.NetworkMapEnvelope:type_name -> management.NetworkMapEnvelope
+	22,  // 11: management.SyncMetaRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
+	22,  // 12: management.LoginRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
+	18,  // 13: management.LoginRequest.peerKeys:type_name -> management.PeerKeys
+	54,  // 14: management.PeerSystemMeta.networkAddresses:type_name -> management.NetworkAddress
+	19,  // 15: management.PeerSystemMeta.environment:type_name -> management.Environment
+	20,  // 16: management.PeerSystemMeta.files:type_name -> management.File
+	21,  // 17: management.PeerSystemMeta.flags:type_name -> management.Flags
+	1,   // 18: management.PeerSystemMeta.capabilities:type_name -> management.PeerCapability
+	28,  // 19: management.LoginResponse.netbirdConfig:type_name -> management.NetbirdConfig
+	35,  // 20: management.LoginResponse.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
+	55,  // 21: management.LoginResponse.Checks:type_name -> management.Checks
+	92,  // 22: management.LoginResponse.sessionExpiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	22,  // 23: management.ExtendAuthSessionRequest.meta:type_name -> management.PeerSystemMeta
+	92,  // 24: management.ExtendAuthSessionResponse.sessionExpiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	92,  // 25: management.ServerKeyResponse.expiresAt:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	29,  // 26: management.NetbirdConfig.stuns:type_name -> management.HostConfig
+	34,  // 27: management.NetbirdConfig.turns:type_name -> management.ProtectedHostConfig
+	29,  // 28: management.NetbirdConfig.signal:type_name -> management.HostConfig
+	30,  // 29: management.NetbirdConfig.relay:type_name -> management.RelayConfig
+	31,  // 30: management.NetbirdConfig.flow:type_name -> management.FlowConfig
+	32,  // 31: management.NetbirdConfig.metrics:type_name -> management.MetricsConfig
+	7,   // 32: management.HostConfig.protocol:type_name -> management.HostConfig.Protocol
+	93,  // 33: management.FlowConfig.interval:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	29,  // 34: management.ProtectedHostConfig.hostConfig:type_name -> management.HostConfig
+	41,  // 35: management.PeerConfig.sshConfig:type_name -> management.SSHConfig
+	36,  // 36: management.PeerConfig.autoUpdate:type_name -> management.AutoUpdateSettings
+	35,  // 37: management.NetworkMap.peerConfig:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
+	40,  // 38: management.NetworkMap.remotePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
+	47,  // 39: management.NetworkMap.Routes:type_name -> management.Route
+	48,  // 40: management.NetworkMap.DNSConfig:type_name -> management.DNSConfig
+	40,  // 41: management.NetworkMap.offlinePeers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
+	53,  // 42: management.NetworkMap.FirewallRules:type_name -> management.FirewallRule
+	57,  // 43: management.NetworkMap.routesFirewallRules:type_name -> management.RouteFirewallRule
+	58,  // 44: management.NetworkMap.forwardingRules:type_name -> management.ForwardingRule
+	38,  // 45: management.NetworkMap.sshAuth:type_name -> management.SSHAuth
+	85,  // 46: management.SSHAuth.machine_users:type_name -> management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry
+	41,  // 47: management.RemotePeerConfig.sshConfig:type_name -> management.SSHConfig
+	2,   // 48: management.RemotePeerConfig.lazyState:type_name -> management.LazyState
+	33,  // 49: management.SSHConfig.jwtConfig:type_name -> management.JWTConfig
+	8,   // 50: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.Provider:type_name -> management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.provider
+	46,  // 51: management.DeviceAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig:type_name -> management.ProviderConfig
+	46,  // 52: management.PKCEAuthorizationFlow.ProviderConfig:type_name -> management.ProviderConfig
+	51,  // 53: management.DNSConfig.NameServerGroups:type_name -> management.NameServerGroup
+	49,  // 54: management.DNSConfig.CustomZones:type_name -> management.CustomZone
+	50,  // 55: management.CustomZone.Records:type_name -> management.SimpleRecord
+	52,  // 56: management.NameServerGroup.NameServers:type_name -> management.NameServer
+	4,   // 57: management.FirewallRule.Direction:type_name -> management.RuleDirection
+	5,   // 58: management.FirewallRule.Action:type_name -> management.RuleAction
+	3,   // 59: management.FirewallRule.Protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
+	56,  // 60: management.FirewallRule.PortInfo:type_name -> management.PortInfo
+	86,  // 61: management.PortInfo.range:type_name -> management.PortInfo.Range
+	5,   // 62: management.RouteFirewallRule.action:type_name -> management.RuleAction
+	3,   // 63: management.RouteFirewallRule.protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
+	56,  // 64: management.RouteFirewallRule.portInfo:type_name -> management.PortInfo
+	3,   // 65: management.ForwardingRule.protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
+	56,  // 66: management.ForwardingRule.destinationPort:type_name -> management.PortInfo
+	56,  // 67: management.ForwardingRule.translatedPort:type_name -> management.PortInfo
+	6,   // 68: management.ExposeServiceRequest.protocol:type_name -> management.ExposeProtocol
+	66,  // 69: management.NetworkMapEnvelope.full:type_name -> management.NetworkMapComponentsFull
+	70,  // 70: management.NetworkMapEnvelope.delta:type_name -> management.NetworkMapComponentsDelta
+	35,  // 71: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.peer_config:type_name -> management.PeerConfig
+	69,  // 72: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.network:type_name -> management.AccountNetwork
+	68,  // 73: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.account_settings:type_name -> management.AccountSettingsCompact
+	76,  // 74: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.dns_settings:type_name -> management.DNSSettingsCompact
+	71,  // 75: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers:type_name -> management.PeerCompact
+	72,  // 76: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.policies:type_name -> management.PolicyCompact
+	75,  // 77: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.groups:type_name -> management.GroupCompact
+	77,  // 78: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.routes:type_name -> management.RouteRaw
+	78,  // 79: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.nameserver_groups:type_name -> management.NameServerGroupRaw
+	50,  // 80: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.all_dns_records:type_name -> management.SimpleRecord
+	49,  // 81: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.account_zones:type_name -> management.CustomZone
+	79,  // 82: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.network_resources:type_name -> management.NetworkResourceRaw
+	87,  // 83: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.routers_map:type_name -> management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.RoutersMapEntry
+	88,  // 84: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.resource_policies_map:type_name -> management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.ResourcePoliciesMapEntry
+	89,  // 85: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.group_id_to_user_ids:type_name -> management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.GroupIdToUserIdsEntry
+	90,  // 86: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.posture_failed_peers:type_name -> management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.PostureFailedPeersEntry
+	67,  // 87: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.proxy_patch:type_name -> management.ProxyPatch
+	40,  // 88: management.ProxyPatch.peers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
+	40,  // 89: management.ProxyPatch.offline_peers:type_name -> management.RemotePeerConfig
+	53,  // 90: management.ProxyPatch.firewall_rules:type_name -> management.FirewallRule
+	47,  // 91: management.ProxyPatch.routes:type_name -> management.Route
+	57,  // 92: management.ProxyPatch.route_firewall_rules:type_name -> management.RouteFirewallRule
+	58,  // 93: management.ProxyPatch.forwarding_rules:type_name -> management.ForwardingRule
+	5,   // 94: management.PolicyCompact.action:type_name -> management.RuleAction
+	3,   // 95: management.PolicyCompact.protocol:type_name -> management.RuleProtocol
+	86,  // 96: management.PolicyCompact.port_ranges:type_name -> management.PortInfo.Range
+	91,  // 97: management.PolicyCompact.authorized_groups:type_name -> management.PolicyCompact.AuthorizedGroupsEntry
+	73,  // 98: management.PolicyCompact.source_resource:type_name -> management.ResourceCompact
+	73,  // 99: management.PolicyCompact.destination_resource:type_name -> management.ResourceCompact
+	73,  // 100: management.GroupCompact.resources:type_name -> management.ResourceCompact
+	52,  // 101: management.NameServerGroupRaw.nameservers:type_name -> management.NameServer
+	81,  // 102: management.NetworkRouterList.entries:type_name -> management.NetworkRouterEntry
+	39,  // 103: management.SSHAuth.MachineUsersEntry.value:type_name -> management.MachineUserIndexes
+	80,  // 104: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.RoutersMapEntry.value:type_name -> management.NetworkRouterList
+	82,  // 105: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.ResourcePoliciesMapEntry.value:type_name -> management.PolicyIds
+	83,  // 106: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.GroupIdToUserIdsEntry.value:type_name -> management.UserIDList
+	84,  // 107: management.NetworkMapComponentsFull.PostureFailedPeersEntry.value:type_name -> management.PeerIndexSet
+	74,  // 108: management.PolicyCompact.AuthorizedGroupsEntry.value:type_name -> management.UserNameList
+	9,   // 109: management.ManagementService.Login:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 110: management.ManagementService.Sync:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	27,  // 111: management.ManagementService.GetServerKey:input_type -> management.Empty
+	27,  // 112: management.ManagementService.isHealthy:input_type -> management.Empty
+	9,   // 113: management.ManagementService.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 114: management.ManagementService.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 115: management.ManagementService.SyncMeta:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 116: management.ManagementService.Logout:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 117: management.ManagementService.Job:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 118: management.ManagementService.ExtendAuthSession:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 119: management.ManagementService.CreateExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 120: management.ManagementService.RenewExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 121: management.ManagementService.StopExpose:input_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 122: management.ManagementService.Login:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 123: management.ManagementService.Sync:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	26,  // 124: management.ManagementService.GetServerKey:output_type -> management.ServerKeyResponse
+	27,  // 125: management.ManagementService.isHealthy:output_type -> management.Empty
+	9,   // 126: management.ManagementService.GetDeviceAuthorizationFlow:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 127: management.ManagementService.GetPKCEAuthorizationFlow:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	27,  // 128: management.ManagementService.SyncMeta:output_type -> management.Empty
+	27,  // 129: management.ManagementService.Logout:output_type -> management.Empty
+	9,   // 130: management.ManagementService.Job:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 131: management.ManagementService.ExtendAuthSession:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 132: management.ManagementService.CreateExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 133: management.ManagementService.RenewExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	9,   // 134: management.ManagementService.StopExpose:output_type -> management.EncryptedMessage
+	122, // [122:135] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	109, // [109:122] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	109, // [109:109] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	109, // [109:109] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,   // [0:109] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_management_proto_init() }
@@ -5494,7 +8423,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[15].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ServerKeyResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ExtendAuthSessionRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5506,7 +8435,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[16].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*Empty); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ExtendAuthSessionResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5518,7 +8447,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[17].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NetbirdConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ServerKeyResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5530,7 +8459,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[18].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*HostConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*Empty); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5542,7 +8471,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[19].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RelayConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NetbirdConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5554,7 +8483,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[20].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*FlowConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*HostConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5566,7 +8495,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[21].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*JWTConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*RelayConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5578,7 +8507,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[22].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ProtectedHostConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*FlowConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5590,7 +8519,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[23].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PeerConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*MetricsConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5602,7 +8531,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[24].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*AutoUpdateSettings); i {
+			switch v := v.(*JWTConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5614,7 +8543,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[25].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NetworkMap); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ProtectedHostConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5626,7 +8555,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[26].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SSHAuth); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PeerConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5638,7 +8567,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[27].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*MachineUserIndexes); i {
+			switch v := v.(*AutoUpdateSettings); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5650,7 +8579,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[28].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RemotePeerConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkMap); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5662,7 +8591,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[29].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SSHConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SSHAuth); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5674,7 +8603,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[30].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*MachineUserIndexes); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5686,7 +8615,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[31].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*DeviceAuthorizationFlow); i {
+			switch v := v.(*RemotePeerConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5698,7 +8627,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[32].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SSHConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5710,7 +8639,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[33].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PKCEAuthorizationFlow); i {
+			switch v := v.(*DeviceAuthorizationFlowRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5722,7 +8651,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[34].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ProviderConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*DeviceAuthorizationFlow); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5734,7 +8663,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[35].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*Route); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PKCEAuthorizationFlowRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5746,7 +8675,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[36].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*DNSConfig); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PKCEAuthorizationFlow); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5758,7 +8687,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[37].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*CustomZone); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ProviderConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5770,7 +8699,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[38].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SimpleRecord); i {
+			switch v := v.(*Route); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5782,7 +8711,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[39].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NameServerGroup); i {
+			switch v := v.(*DNSConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5794,7 +8723,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[40].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NameServer); i {
+			switch v := v.(*CustomZone); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5806,7 +8735,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[41].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*FirewallRule); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SimpleRecord); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5818,7 +8747,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[42].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*NetworkAddress); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NameServerGroup); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5830,7 +8759,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[43].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*Checks); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NameServer); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5842,7 +8771,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[44].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PortInfo); i {
+			switch v := v.(*FirewallRule); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5854,7 +8783,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[45].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RouteFirewallRule); i {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkAddress); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5866,7 +8795,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[46].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ForwardingRule); i {
+			switch v := v.(*Checks); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5878,7 +8807,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[47].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ExposeServiceRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PortInfo); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5890,7 +8819,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[48].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ExposeServiceResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*RouteFirewallRule); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5902,7 +8831,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[49].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RenewExposeRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ForwardingRule); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5914,7 +8843,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[50].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*RenewExposeResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ExposeServiceRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5926,7 +8855,7 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[51].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*StopExposeRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ExposeServiceResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5938,7 +8867,19 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[52].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*StopExposeResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*RenewExposeRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[53].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*RenewExposeResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -5950,6 +8891,270 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_management_proto_msgTypes[54].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*StopExposeRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[55].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*StopExposeResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[56].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkMapEnvelope); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[57].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkMapComponentsFull); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[58].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*ProxyPatch); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[59].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*AccountSettingsCompact); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[60].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*AccountNetwork); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[61].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkMapComponentsDelta); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[62].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*PeerCompact); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[63].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*PolicyCompact); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[64].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*ResourceCompact); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[65].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*UserNameList); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[66].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*GroupCompact); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[67].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*DNSSettingsCompact); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[68].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*RouteRaw); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[69].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*NameServerGroupRaw); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[70].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkResourceRaw); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[71].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkRouterList); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[72].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*NetworkRouterEntry); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[73].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*PolicyIds); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[74].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*UserIDList); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[75].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*PeerIndexSet); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_management_proto_msgTypes[77].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*PortInfo_Range); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -5968,17 +9173,21 @@ func file_management_proto_init() {
 	file_management_proto_msgTypes[2].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
 		(*JobResponse_Bundle)(nil),
 	}
-	file_management_proto_msgTypes[44].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
+	file_management_proto_msgTypes[47].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
 		(*PortInfo_Port)(nil),
 		(*PortInfo_Range_)(nil),
 	}
+	file_management_proto_msgTypes[56].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
+		(*NetworkMapEnvelope_Full)(nil),
+		(*NetworkMapEnvelope_Delta)(nil),
+	}
 	type x struct{}
 	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
 		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_management_proto_rawDesc,
-			NumEnums:      7,
-			NumMessages:   55,
+			NumEnums:      9,
+			NumMessages:   83,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/management.proto b/shared/management/proto/management.proto
index 70a530679..c3d75af11 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/management.proto
+++ b/shared/management/proto/management.proto
@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ service ManagementService {
   // Executes a job on a target peer (e.g., debug bundle)
   rpc Job(stream EncryptedMessage) returns (stream EncryptedMessage) {}
 
+  // ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's session expiry deadline using a fresh JWT.
+  // Same JWT validation pipeline as Login (including jwt.UserID == peer.UserID check),
+  // but does not redo the network-map sync. Only valid for SSO-registered peers where
+  // login expiration is enabled. The tunnel remains up.
+  // EncryptedMessage of the request has a body of ExtendAuthSessionRequest.
+  // EncryptedMessage of the response has a body of ExtendAuthSessionResponse.
+  rpc ExtendAuthSession(EncryptedMessage) returns (EncryptedMessage) {}
+
   // CreateExpose creates a temporary reverse proxy service for a peer
   rpc CreateExpose(EncryptedMessage) returns (EncryptedMessage) {}
 
@@ -102,6 +110,13 @@ message BundleParameters {
   int64  bundle_for_time  = 2;
   int32  log_file_count   = 3;
   bool   anonymize        = 4;
+  // anonymize_level selects how much the anonymizer redacts: "default"
+  // (or empty) keeps internal IP ranges, "strict" also anonymizes them.
+  // Unknown values are treated as "strict".
+  string anonymize_level  = 5;
+  // upload_url is the service URL the client requests an upload URL from
+  // before uploading the bundle. Empty selects the default upload server.
+  string upload_url       = 6;
 }
 
 message BundleResult {
@@ -133,6 +148,23 @@ message SyncResponse {
 
   // Posture checks to be evaluated by client
   repeated Checks Checks = 6;
+
+  // 3-state session deadline. Carried on every Sync snapshot so admin-side
+  // changes propagate live without a client reconnect.
+  //   field unset (nil)        → snapshot carries no info; client keeps the
+  //                              deadline it already had
+  //   set, seconds=0 nanos=0   → explicit "expiry disabled" or peer is not
+  //                              SSO-registered; client clears its anchor
+  //   set, valid timestamp     → new absolute UTC deadline
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp sessionExpiresAt = 7;
+
+  // NetworkMapEnvelope carries the component-based wire format for peers that
+  // advertise PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap. When set, NetworkMap (field 5)
+  // is left empty: management ships components and the client runs Calculate()
+  // locally instead of receiving an expanded NetworkMap.
+  NetworkMapEnvelope NetworkMapEnvelope = 8;
+
+  int32 Version = 9;
 }
 
 message  SyncMetaRequest {
@@ -200,6 +232,25 @@ message Flags {
   bool enableSSHLocalPortForwarding = 13;
   bool enableSSHRemotePortForwarding = 14;
   bool disableSSHAuth = 15;
+
+  bool disableIPv6 = 16;
+
+  // remoteJobsAllowed mirrors the peer's local opt-in for management-requested
+  // remote jobs (e.g. debug bundles). Reported so the dashboard can surface
+  // peers that have opted out.
+  bool remoteJobsAllowed = 17;
+}
+
+// PeerCapability represents a feature the client binary supports.
+// Reported in PeerSystemMeta.capabilities on every login/sync.
+enum PeerCapability {
+  PeerCapabilityUnknown = 0;
+  // Client reads SourcePrefixes instead of the deprecated PeerIP string.
+  PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes = 1;
+  // Client handles IPv6 overlay addresses and firewall rules.
+  PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay = 2;
+  // Client receives NetworkMap as components and assembles it locally.
+  PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap = 3;
 }
 
 // PeerSystemMeta is machine meta data like OS and version.
@@ -221,6 +272,9 @@ message PeerSystemMeta {
   Environment environment = 15;
   repeated File files = 16;
   Flags flags = 17;
+
+  repeated PeerCapability capabilities = 18;
+  int32 syncMessageVersion = 19;
 }
 
 message LoginResponse {
@@ -230,6 +284,31 @@ message LoginResponse {
   PeerConfig peerConfig = 2;
   // Posture checks to be evaluated by client
   repeated Checks Checks = 3;
+
+  // 3-state session deadline; same encoding as SyncResponse.sessionExpiresAt.
+  //   field unset (nil)        → no info; client keeps any deadline it had
+  //   set, seconds=0 nanos=0   → explicit "expiry disabled" / non-SSO peer
+  //   set, valid timestamp     → new absolute UTC deadline
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp sessionExpiresAt = 4;
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSessionRequest carries a fresh JWT to refresh the peer's session deadline.
+// The encrypted body of an EncryptedMessage with this payload is sent to the
+// ExtendAuthSession RPC.
+message ExtendAuthSessionRequest {
+  // SSO token (must be a fresh, valid JWT for the peer's owning user)
+  string jwtToken = 1;
+  // Meta data of the peer (used for IdP user info refresh consistent with Login)
+  PeerSystemMeta meta = 2;
+}
+
+// ExtendAuthSessionResponse contains the refreshed session deadline.
+message ExtendAuthSessionResponse {
+  // 3-state session deadline; same encoding as SyncResponse.sessionExpiresAt.
+  // In practice ExtendAuthSession only succeeds for SSO peers with expiry
+  // enabled, so this carries a valid timestamp on the success path. The
+  // 3-state encoding is documented here for symmetry with Login/Sync.
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp sessionExpiresAt = 1;
 }
 
 message ServerKeyResponse {
@@ -256,6 +335,8 @@ message NetbirdConfig {
   RelayConfig relay = 4;
 
   FlowConfig flow = 5;
+
+  MetricsConfig metrics = 6;
 }
 
 // HostConfig describes connection properties of some server (e.g. STUN, Signal, Management)
@@ -294,6 +375,10 @@ message FlowConfig {
   bool dnsCollection = 8;
 }
 
+message MetricsConfig {
+  bool enabled = 1;
+}
+
 // JWTConfig represents JWT authentication configuration for validating tokens.
 message JWTConfig {
   string issuer = 1;
@@ -335,6 +420,9 @@ message PeerConfig {
 
   // Auto-update config
   AutoUpdateSettings autoUpdate = 8;
+
+  // IPv6 overlay address as compact bytes: 16 bytes IP + 1 byte prefix length.
+  bytes address_v6 = 9;
 }
 
 message AutoUpdateSettings {
@@ -421,6 +509,22 @@ message RemotePeerConfig {
   string fqdn = 4;
 
   string agentVersion = 5;
+
+  // lazyState is the management per-peer override for lazy (on-demand)
+  // connections to this remote peer. LazyStateDefault follows the account-wide
+  // flag; LazyStateLazy forces lazy; LazyStateEager forces an always-active
+  // connection. A local NB_LAZY_CONN/MDM override still wins over this.
+  LazyState lazyState = 6;
+}
+
+// LazyState is the management per-peer override for lazy connections.
+enum LazyState {
+  // Follow the account-wide lazy connection flag.
+  LazyStateDefault = 0;
+  // Force a lazy (on-demand) connection regardless of the account flag.
+  LazyStateLazy = 1;
+  // Force an always-active connection regardless of the account flag.
+  LazyStateEager = 2;
 }
 
 // SSHConfig represents SSH configurations of a peer.
@@ -552,6 +656,13 @@ enum RuleProtocol {
   UDP = 3;
   ICMP = 4;
   CUSTOM = 5;
+  // NETBIRD_SSH (types.PolicyRuleProtocolType "netbird-ssh") is the marker
+  // policy rule that drives SSH-server activation in Calculate(). The legacy
+  // proto.FirewallRule path doesn't ship this value (Calculate already
+  // expands SSH rules into TCP/22 before encoding), but the components path
+  // ships RAW policies — the client must see this protocol to derive
+  // AuthorizedUsers locally.
+  NETBIRD_SSH = 6;
 }
 
 enum RuleDirection {
@@ -567,7 +678,8 @@ enum RuleAction {
 
 // FirewallRule represents a firewall rule
 message FirewallRule {
-  string PeerIP = 1;
+  // Use sourcePrefixes instead.
+  string PeerIP = 1 [deprecated = true];
   RuleDirection Direction = 2;
   RuleAction Action = 3;
   RuleProtocol Protocol = 4;
@@ -576,6 +688,13 @@ message FirewallRule {
 
   // PolicyID is the ID of the policy that this rule belongs to
   bytes PolicyID = 7;
+
+  // CustomProtocol is a custom protocol ID when Protocol is CUSTOM.
+  uint32 customProtocol = 8;
+
+  // Compact source IP prefixes for this rule, supersedes PeerIP.
+  // Each entry is 5 bytes (v4) or 17 bytes (v6): [IP bytes][1 byte prefix_len].
+  repeated bytes sourcePrefixes = 9;
 }
 
 message NetworkAddress {
@@ -684,3 +803,441 @@ message StopExposeRequest {
 }
 
 message StopExposeResponse {}
+
+// =====================================================================
+// Component-based NetworkMap wire format (PeerCapabilityComponentNetworkMap).
+//
+// Peers that advertise this capability receive NetworkMap building blocks
+// (peers + groups + policies + routes + dns + ssh + forwarding) and run the
+// expansion (Calculate) locally instead of receiving a fully-expanded
+// NetworkMap from the server.
+// =====================================================================
+
+// NetworkMapEnvelope wraps either a full snapshot or a delta. Only Full is
+// emitted today; Delta is reserved for the incremental-update work.
+message NetworkMapEnvelope {
+  oneof payload {
+    NetworkMapComponentsFull full = 1;
+    NetworkMapComponentsDelta delta = 2;
+  }
+}
+
+// NetworkMapComponentsFull is the full per-peer component snapshot. The
+// client decodes it into a types.NetworkMapComponents and runs Calculate()
+// locally to produce the same NetworkMap the legacy server path would have
+// produced. Every field carries RAW component data — no server-side
+// expansion (firewall rules, DNS config, SSH auth, route firewall rules,
+// forwarding rules) is shipped; the client computes those itself.
+message NetworkMapComponentsFull {
+  uint64 serial = 1;
+
+  // Peer config for the receiving peer (legacy proto.PeerConfig kept as-is —
+  // it carries the receiving peer's own overlay address, FQDN, SSH config).
+  PeerConfig peer_config = 2;
+
+  // Account-level network metadata (id, IPv4/IPv6 overlay subnets, DNS,
+  // serial). Mirrors types.Network.
+  AccountNetwork network = 3;
+
+  // Account-level settings the client needs for its local Calculate().
+  AccountSettingsCompact account_settings = 4;
+
+  // Account DNS settings (mirrors types.DNSSettings).
+  DNSSettingsCompact dns_settings = 5;
+
+  // Domain shared across all peers in this account, e.g. "netbird.cloud".
+  // Each peer's FQDN is dns_label + "." + dns_domain.
+  string dns_domain = 6;
+
+  // Custom-zone domain for this peer's view (c.CustomZoneDomain). Empty when
+  // the peer has no custom zone records.
+  string custom_zone_domain = 7;
+
+  // Deduplicated agent versions; PeerCompact.agent_version_idx indexes here.
+  // Empty string at index 0 if any peer has no version.
+  repeated string agent_versions = 8;
+
+  // All peers (deduplicated). The client splits peers into online / offline
+  // locally using account_settings.peer_login_expiration on receive.
+  repeated PeerCompact peers = 9;
+
+  // Indexes into peers for the subset that may act as routers.
+  repeated uint32 router_peer_indexes = 10;
+
+  // Policies that affect the receiving peer.
+  repeated PolicyCompact policies = 11;
+
+  // Groups in unspecified order — clients key off id (public_id).
+  repeated GroupCompact groups = 12;
+
+  // Routes relevant to this peer, raw shape (mirrors []*route.Route).
+  repeated RouteRaw routes = 13;
+
+  // Nameserver groups (mirrors []*nbdns.NameServerGroup).
+  repeated NameServerGroupRaw nameserver_groups = 14;
+
+  // All DNS records the client needs to assemble its custom zone. Reuses
+  // the existing SimpleRecord wire shape.
+  repeated SimpleRecord all_dns_records = 15;
+
+  // Custom zones (typically the peer's own zone). Reuses the existing
+  // CustomZone wire shape.
+  repeated CustomZone account_zones = 16;
+
+  // Network resources (mirrors []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource).
+  repeated NetworkResourceRaw network_resources = 17;
+
+  // Routers per network. Outer key: network public_id. Each entry is
+  // the set of routers backing that network for this peer's view.
+  map<string, NetworkRouterList> routers_map = 18;
+
+  // For each NetworkResource public_id, the indexes into policies[]
+  // that apply to it.
+  map<string, PolicyIds> resource_policies_map = 19;
+
+  // Group-id (public_id) → user ids authorized for SSH on members.
+  map<string, UserIDList> group_id_to_user_ids = 20;
+
+  // Account-level allowed user ids (used by Calculate() when assembling SSH
+  // authorized users for the receiving peer).
+  repeated string allowed_user_ids = 21;
+
+  // Per posture-check public_id, the set of peer indexes that failed
+  // the check. Server-side evaluation result; clients do not re-evaluate.
+  map<string, PeerIndexSet> posture_failed_peers = 22;
+
+  // Account-level DNS forwarder port (mirrors the legacy
+  // proto.DNSConfig.ForwarderPort). Computed by the controller from peer
+  // versions; clients fold it into their Calculate() DNS output.
+  int64 dns_forwarder_port = 23;
+
+  // Pre-expanded NetworkMap fragments injected post-Calculate by external
+  // controllers (BYOP / port-forwarding proxies). The receiving client
+  // merges these into its locally-computed NetworkMap the same way the
+  // legacy server does via NetworkMap.Merge — so downstream consumers see
+  // a unified merged result regardless of source.
+  ProxyPatch proxy_patch = 24;
+
+  // SSH UserIDClaim — server-side HttpServerConfig.AuthUserIDClaim, or
+  // "sub" by default. Populated in proto.SSHAuth.UserIDClaim when the
+  // client rebuilds the NetworkMap from this envelope. Empty when the
+  // account has no AuthorizedUsers (and thus no SshAuth to populate).
+  string user_id_claim = 25;
+
+  // Reserved for future component additions (incremental_serial, parent_seq,
+  // etc.) without forcing a renumber.
+  reserved 26 to 50;
+}
+
+// ProxyPatch carries NetworkMap fragments that don't fit the component-graph
+// model — they're pre-expanded by external controllers (BYOP /
+// port-forwarding proxies) and injected post-Calculate. Fields use the
+// legacy wire types because the proxy delivers them pre-formed; there is
+// no raw component shape to convert from. Empty when no proxy is active.
+message ProxyPatch {
+  repeated RemotePeerConfig peers = 1;
+  repeated RemotePeerConfig offline_peers = 2;
+  repeated FirewallRule firewall_rules = 3;
+  repeated Route routes = 4;
+  repeated RouteFirewallRule route_firewall_rules = 5;
+  repeated ForwardingRule forwarding_rules = 6;
+}
+
+// AccountSettingsCompact carries the account-level settings the client needs
+// to evaluate locally. Mirrors the subset of types.AccountSettingsInfo that
+// Calculate() actually reads — login-expiration (used to filter expired
+// peers). Inactivity expiration is purely server-side bookkeeping and is not
+// shipped.
+message AccountSettingsCompact {
+  bool peer_login_expiration_enabled = 1;
+  // Login expiration window. Unit is nanoseconds (matches time.Duration).
+  int64 peer_login_expiration_ns = 2;
+}
+
+// AccountNetwork is the account-level overlay metadata. Mirrors types.Network
+// so the client can populate NetworkMap.Network without a server round-trip.
+message AccountNetwork {
+  string identifier = 1;
+  // IPv4 overlay subnet in CIDR form (e.g. "100.64.0.0/16").
+  string net_cidr = 2;
+  // IPv6 ULA overlay subnet in CIDR form (e.g. "fd00:4e42::/64"). Empty when
+  // the account has no IPv6 overlay yet.
+  string net_v6_cidr = 3;
+  string dns = 4;
+  uint64 serial = 5;
+}
+
+// NetworkMapComponentsDelta is reserved for the incremental update
+// protocol. Field numbers 1–100 are pre-allocated to keep room for the
+// planned event types without needing a renumber.
+message NetworkMapComponentsDelta {
+  reserved 1 to 100;
+}
+
+// PeerCompact is the wire-shape of a remote peer used by the component
+// format. It carries every field of types.Peer that the client's local
+// Calculate() reads — including the trio needed to evaluate
+// LoginExpired() (added_with_sso_login + login_expiration_enabled +
+// last_login_unix_nano). Fields the client does not consume (Status,
+// CreatedAt, etc.) are not shipped.
+message PeerCompact {
+  // Raw 32-byte WireGuard public key (no base64 wrapping).
+  bytes wg_pub_key = 1;
+
+  // Raw 4-byte IPv4 overlay address. Always a /32 host route, so no prefix
+  // byte is needed.
+  bytes ip = 2;
+
+  // Raw 16-byte IPv6 overlay address; always a /128 host route. Empty when
+  // the peer has no IPv6 overlay address.
+  bytes ipv6 = 3;
+
+  // Raw SSH public key bytes (or empty).
+  bytes ssh_pub_key = 4;
+
+  // DNS label without the account's domain suffix. Full FQDN is
+  // dns_label + "." + NetworkMapComponentsFull.dns_domain.
+  string dns_label = 5;
+
+  string agent_version = 6;
+
+  // True iff the peer was added via SSO login (i.e., types.Peer.UserID is
+  // non-empty). Combined with login_expiration_enabled and
+  // last_login_unix_nano this lets the client reproduce
+  // (*Peer).LoginExpired() locally.
+  bool added_with_sso_login = 7;
+
+  // True when the peer's login can expire — mirrors
+  // types.Peer.LoginExpirationEnabled.
+  bool login_expiration_enabled = 8;
+
+  // Unix-nanosecond timestamp of the peer's last login. 0 when the peer has
+  // never logged in (server stores nil; client treats 0 as "epoch", which
+  // makes a fresh peer immediately expired iff login_expiration_enabled is
+  // true — the same semantics as types.Peer.GetLastLogin).
+  int64 last_login_unix_nano = 9;
+
+  // True when the peer has an SSH server enabled locally. Used by the
+  // legacy SSH path in Calculate() (`policyRuleImpliesLegacySSH`): a rule
+  // with protocol ALL/TCP-with-SSH-ports activates SSH for the receiving
+  // peer when this bit is set, even without an explicit NetbirdSSH rule.
+  bool ssh_enabled = 10;
+
+  // Mirror of types.Peer.SupportsIPv6() — !Meta.Flags.DisableIPv6 &&
+  // HasCapability(PeerCapabilityIPv6Overlay). Used by the local peer's
+  // Calculate() when deciding whether to emit IPv6 firewall rules
+  // (appendIPv6FirewallRule) against this peer's IPv6 address.
+  bool supports_ipv6 = 11;
+
+  // Mirror of types.Peer.SupportsSourcePrefixes() —
+  // HasCapability(PeerCapabilitySourcePrefixes). Determines whether the
+  // local peer's Calculate() emits SourcePrefixes alongside legacy PeerIP
+  // fields in proto.FirewallRule.
+  bool supports_source_prefixes = 12;
+
+  // Mirror of types.Peer.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed. Read by Calculate()
+  // when expanding TCP port-22 firewall rules — the native SSH companion
+  // (port 22022) is only added when this flag is set and the peer agent
+  // version supports it.
+  bool server_ssh_allowed = 13;
+
+  // Mirror of types.Peer.ProxyMeta.Embedded. Connections involving an
+  // ephemeral proxy peer on either endpoint default to lazy, so this bit
+  // feeds the per-peer lazyState emitted in RemotePeerConfig.
+  bool proxy_embedded = 14;
+}
+
+// PolicyCompact is the compact form of a policy rule. Group references use
+// the public_ids; the client resolves
+// them against NetworkMapComponentsFull.groups. Direction is derived per-peer
+// on the client (ingress when the peer is in destination_group_ids, egress
+// when in source_group_ids; both when bidirectional).
+message PolicyCompact {
+  // public_id. Used as a stable reference for
+  // ResourcePoliciesMap.indexes and future delta updates.
+  string id = 1;
+
+  RuleAction action = 2;
+  RuleProtocol protocol = 3;
+  bool bidirectional = 4;
+
+  // Single ports referenced by the rule.
+  repeated uint32 ports = 5;
+
+  // Port ranges (start..end) referenced by the rule.
+  repeated PortInfo.Range port_ranges = 6;
+
+  // Group ids (public_ids) of source / destination groups.
+  repeated string source_group_ids = 7;
+  repeated string destination_group_ids = 8;
+
+  // SSH authorization fields. PolicyRule.AuthorizedGroups maps the rule's
+  // applicable group ids (public_ids) to a list of local-user names —
+  // when a peer in one of those groups is the SSH destination, the named
+  // local users gain access. AuthorizedUser is the single-user form
+  // (legacy: rule scopes SSH to one specific user id).
+  //
+  // Both fields are only consumed by Calculate() when the rule's protocol
+  // is NetbirdSSH (or the legacy implicit-SSH heuristic).
+  map<string, UserNameList> authorized_groups = 9;
+  string authorized_user = 10;
+
+  // Resource-typed rule sources/destinations. When a rule targets a specific
+  // peer (rather than groups), Calculate() reads SourceResource /
+  // DestinationResource — without these the rule's connection resources
+  // can't be produced on the client. ResourceCompact's peer_index refers to
+  // NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers; type is the raw ResourceType string
+  // ("peer", "host", "subnet", "domain"). Only "peer" is meaningful for
+  // Calculate's resource-typed rule path today.
+  ResourceCompact source_resource = 11;
+  ResourceCompact destination_resource = 12;
+
+  // Posture-check ids gating this policy's source peers. Calculate()
+  // reads them when filtering rule peers (peers that fail any listed check
+  // are dropped from sourcePeers). Match keys in
+  // NetworkMapComponentsFull.posture_failed_peers.
+  repeated string source_posture_check_ids = 13;
+}
+
+// ResourceCompact mirrors types.Resource. Used by PolicyCompact to carry
+// rule.SourceResource / rule.DestinationResource when the rule targets a
+// specific resource (typically a peer) rather than groups.
+message ResourceCompact {
+  string type = 1;
+  bool peer_index_set = 2;
+  uint32 peer_index = 3;
+  reserved 4;
+  string id = 5; // public id for domain/host/subnet resources
+}
+
+// UserNameList is a list of local-user names — used as the value type in
+// PolicyCompact.authorized_groups.
+message UserNameList {
+  repeated string names = 1;
+}
+
+// GroupCompact is the wire-shape of a group: public id, optional
+// name, and indexes into NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers identifying members.
+message GroupCompact {
+  // id comes from PublicID. Used by PolicyCompact.source_group_ids / destination_group_ids.
+  string id = 1;
+
+  // Indexes into NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers.
+  repeated uint32 peer_indexes = 2;
+
+  // True when the group is named "All" (types.Group.IsGroupAll). The
+  // client-side Calculate short-circuits group→peer expansion on such
+  // groups exactly like the server does; without this bit the decoded
+  // groups lose that property and the two sides expand policy
+  // destinations differently.
+  bool is_all = 3;
+
+  repeated ResourceCompact resources = 4;
+}
+
+// DNSSettingsCompact mirrors types.DNSSettings.
+message DNSSettingsCompact {
+  // Group ids (public_id) whose DNS management is disabled.
+  repeated string disabled_management_group_ids = 1;
+}
+
+// RouteRaw mirrors *route.Route (the domain type), trimmed to fields that
+// types.NetworkMapComponents.Calculate() reads. Group references are
+// public_ids; the routing peer (when set) is referenced by index into
+// NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers.
+message RouteRaw {
+  string id = 1; // public_id
+  string net_id = 2;
+  string description = 3;
+
+  // Either network_cidr (e.g. "10.0.0.0/16") or domains is set, not both.
+  string network_cidr = 4;
+  repeated string domains = 5;
+  bool keep_route = 6;
+
+  // Routing peer reference: peer_index_set tells whether peer_index is valid
+  // (proto3 uint32 cannot disambiguate "0" from "unset"). Mutually exclusive
+  // with peer_group_ids.
+  //
+  // peer_index decodes back to types.Peer.ID (the peer's xid string), NOT
+  // to its WireGuard public key. This matches the server-side data flow:
+  // c.Routes carry route.Peer = peer.ID, and getRoutingPeerRoutes mutates
+  // it to peer.Key only after the route has been admitted to the network
+  // map. Decoders MUST set Route.Peer = peer.ID; the legacy Calculate()
+  // path will substitute the WG key downstream.
+  bool peer_index_set = 7;
+  uint32 peer_index = 8;
+  repeated string peer_group_ids = 9;
+
+  int32 network_type = 10;
+  bool masquerade = 11;
+  int32 metric = 12;
+  bool enabled = 13;
+  repeated string group_ids = 14;
+  repeated string access_control_group_ids = 15;
+  bool skip_auto_apply = 16;
+}
+
+// NameServerGroupRaw mirrors *nbdns.NameServerGroup. Distinct from the
+// legacy NameServerGroup (which is the wire-trimmed shape consumed by
+// proto.DNSConfig and lacks the Name/Description/Groups/Enabled fields).
+message NameServerGroupRaw {
+  string id = 1;
+  // Reuses the legacy NameServer wire shape (IP as string).
+  repeated NameServer nameservers = 2;
+  // Group ids the NSG distributes nameservers to.
+  repeated string group_ids = 3;
+  bool primary = 4;
+  repeated string domains = 5;
+  bool enabled = 6;
+  bool search_domains_enabled = 7;
+}
+
+// NetworkResourceRaw mirrors *resourceTypes.NetworkResource.
+//
+message NetworkResourceRaw {
+  string id = 1;
+  string network_seq = 2;
+  string name = 3;
+  string description = 4;
+  // Resource type: "host" / "subnet" / "domain".
+  string type = 5;
+  string address = 6;
+  string domain_value = 7;  // resource.Domain
+  string prefix_cidr = 8;
+  bool enabled = 9;
+}
+
+// NetworkRouterList carries the routers backing one network.
+message NetworkRouterList {
+  // Routers in this network, keyed by peer_index (the routing peer).
+  repeated NetworkRouterEntry entries = 1;
+}
+
+// NetworkRouterEntry mirrors a single *routerTypes.NetworkRouter; the routing
+// peer is referenced by index into NetworkMapComponentsFull.peers.
+message NetworkRouterEntry {
+  string id = 1;
+  uint32 peer_index = 2;
+  bool peer_index_set = 3;
+  repeated string peer_group_ids = 4;
+  bool masquerade = 5;
+  int32 metric = 6;
+  bool enabled = 7;
+}
+
+message PolicyIds {
+  repeated string ids = 1;
+}
+
+// UserIDList is a list of user ids — used as the value type in
+// NetworkMapComponentsFull.group_id_to_user_ids.
+message UserIDList {
+  repeated string user_ids = 1;
+}
+
+// PeerIndexSet is a set of peer indexes — used as the value type in
+// NetworkMapComponentsFull.posture_failed_peers.
+message PeerIndexSet {
+  repeated uint32 peer_indexes = 1;
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/management_grpc.pb.go b/shared/management/proto/management_grpc.pb.go
index 39a342041..ce98e4019 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/management_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/shared/management/proto/management_grpc.pb.go
@@ -52,6 +52,13 @@ type ManagementServiceClient interface {
 	Logout(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*Empty, error)
 	// Executes a job on a target peer (e.g., debug bundle)
 	Job(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (ManagementService_JobClient, error)
+	// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's session expiry deadline using a fresh JWT.
+	// Same JWT validation pipeline as Login (including jwt.UserID == peer.UserID check),
+	// but does not redo the network-map sync. Only valid for SSO-registered peers where
+	// login expiration is enabled. The tunnel remains up.
+	// EncryptedMessage of the request has a body of ExtendAuthSessionRequest.
+	// EncryptedMessage of the response has a body of ExtendAuthSessionResponse.
+	ExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*EncryptedMessage, error)
 	// CreateExpose creates a temporary reverse proxy service for a peer
 	CreateExpose(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*EncryptedMessage, error)
 	// RenewExpose extends the TTL of an active expose session
@@ -194,6 +201,15 @@ func (x *managementServiceJobClient) Recv() (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
 	return m, nil
 }
 
+func (c *managementServiceClient) ExtendAuthSession(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
+	out := new(EncryptedMessage)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ManagementService/ExtendAuthSession", in, out, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 func (c *managementServiceClient) CreateExpose(ctx context.Context, in *EncryptedMessage, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
 	out := new(EncryptedMessage)
 	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ManagementService/CreateExpose", in, out, opts...)
@@ -259,6 +275,13 @@ type ManagementServiceServer interface {
 	Logout(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*Empty, error)
 	// Executes a job on a target peer (e.g., debug bundle)
 	Job(ManagementService_JobServer) error
+	// ExtendAuthSession refreshes the peer's session expiry deadline using a fresh JWT.
+	// Same JWT validation pipeline as Login (including jwt.UserID == peer.UserID check),
+	// but does not redo the network-map sync. Only valid for SSO-registered peers where
+	// login expiration is enabled. The tunnel remains up.
+	// EncryptedMessage of the request has a body of ExtendAuthSessionRequest.
+	// EncryptedMessage of the response has a body of ExtendAuthSessionResponse.
+	ExtendAuthSession(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*EncryptedMessage, error)
 	// CreateExpose creates a temporary reverse proxy service for a peer
 	CreateExpose(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*EncryptedMessage, error)
 	// RenewExpose extends the TTL of an active expose session
@@ -299,6 +322,9 @@ func (UnimplementedManagementServiceServer) Logout(context.Context, *EncryptedMe
 func (UnimplementedManagementServiceServer) Job(ManagementService_JobServer) error {
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method Job not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedManagementServiceServer) ExtendAuthSession(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ExtendAuthSession not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedManagementServiceServer) CreateExpose(context.Context, *EncryptedMessage) (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CreateExpose not implemented")
 }
@@ -494,6 +520,24 @@ func (x *managementServiceJobServer) Recv() (*EncryptedMessage, error) {
 	return m, nil
 }
 
+func _ManagementService_ExtendAuthSession_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(EncryptedMessage)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(ManagementServiceServer).ExtendAuthSession(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: "/management.ManagementService/ExtendAuthSession",
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(ManagementServiceServer).ExtendAuthSession(ctx, req.(*EncryptedMessage))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 func _ManagementService_CreateExpose_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(EncryptedMessage)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -583,6 +627,10 @@ var ManagementService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "Logout",
 			Handler:    _ManagementService_Logout_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "ExtendAuthSession",
+			Handler:    _ManagementService_ExtendAuthSession_Handler,
+		},
 		{
 			MethodName: "CreateExpose",
 			Handler:    _ManagementService_CreateExpose_Handler,
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go
index 1095b6411..496774a4b 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go
+++ b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.pb.go
@@ -117,6 +117,60 @@ func (PathRewriteMode) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
 }
 
+// MiddlewareSlot identifies where in the request lifecycle a middleware
+// runs. Mirrors proxy/internal/middleware.Slot.
+type MiddlewareSlot int32
+
+const (
+	MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_UNSPECIFIED MiddlewareSlot = 0
+	MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST  MiddlewareSlot = 1
+	MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE MiddlewareSlot = 2
+	MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_TERMINAL    MiddlewareSlot = 3
+)
+
+// Enum value maps for MiddlewareSlot.
+var (
+	MiddlewareSlot_name = map[int32]string{
+		0: "MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_UNSPECIFIED",
+		1: "MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST",
+		2: "MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE",
+		3: "MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_TERMINAL",
+	}
+	MiddlewareSlot_value = map[string]int32{
+		"MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_UNSPECIFIED": 0,
+		"MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST":  1,
+		"MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE": 2,
+		"MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_TERMINAL":    3,
+	}
+)
+
+func (x MiddlewareSlot) Enum() *MiddlewareSlot {
+	p := new(MiddlewareSlot)
+	*p = x
+	return p
+}
+
+func (x MiddlewareSlot) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.EnumStringOf(x.Descriptor(), protoreflect.EnumNumber(x))
+}
+
+func (MiddlewareSlot) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes[2].Descriptor()
+}
+
+func (MiddlewareSlot) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
+	return &file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes[2]
+}
+
+func (x MiddlewareSlot) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
+	return protoreflect.EnumNumber(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use MiddlewareSlot.Descriptor instead.
+func (MiddlewareSlot) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+}
+
 type ProxyStatus int32
 
 const (
@@ -159,11 +213,11 @@ func (x ProxyStatus) String() string {
 }
 
 func (ProxyStatus) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes[2].Descriptor()
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes[3].Descriptor()
 }
 
 func (ProxyStatus) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
-	return &file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes[2]
+	return &file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes[3]
 }
 
 func (x ProxyStatus) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
@@ -172,7 +226,53 @@ func (x ProxyStatus) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ProxyStatus.Descriptor instead.
 func (ProxyStatus) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
+}
+
+type MiddlewareConfig_FailMode int32
+
+const (
+	MiddlewareConfig_FAIL_OPEN   MiddlewareConfig_FailMode = 0
+	MiddlewareConfig_FAIL_CLOSED MiddlewareConfig_FailMode = 1
+)
+
+// Enum value maps for MiddlewareConfig_FailMode.
+var (
+	MiddlewareConfig_FailMode_name = map[int32]string{
+		0: "FAIL_OPEN",
+		1: "FAIL_CLOSED",
+	}
+	MiddlewareConfig_FailMode_value = map[string]int32{
+		"FAIL_OPEN":   0,
+		"FAIL_CLOSED": 1,
+	}
+)
+
+func (x MiddlewareConfig_FailMode) Enum() *MiddlewareConfig_FailMode {
+	p := new(MiddlewareConfig_FailMode)
+	*p = x
+	return p
+}
+
+func (x MiddlewareConfig_FailMode) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.EnumStringOf(x.Descriptor(), protoreflect.EnumNumber(x))
+}
+
+func (MiddlewareConfig_FailMode) Descriptor() protoreflect.EnumDescriptor {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes[4].Descriptor()
+}
+
+func (MiddlewareConfig_FailMode) Type() protoreflect.EnumType {
+	return &file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes[4]
+}
+
+func (x MiddlewareConfig_FailMode) Number() protoreflect.EnumNumber {
+	return protoreflect.EnumNumber(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use MiddlewareConfig_FailMode.Descriptor instead.
+func (MiddlewareConfig_FailMode) EnumDescriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4, 0}
 }
 
 // ProxyCapabilities describes what a proxy can handle.
@@ -188,6 +288,13 @@ type ProxyCapabilities struct {
 	RequireSubdomain *bool `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=require_subdomain,json=requireSubdomain,proto3,oneof" json:"require_subdomain,omitempty"`
 	// Whether the proxy has CrowdSec configured and can enforce IP reputation checks.
 	SupportsCrowdsec *bool `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=supports_crowdsec,json=supportsCrowdsec,proto3,oneof" json:"supports_crowdsec,omitempty"`
+	// Whether the proxy is running embedded in the netbird client and serving
+	// exclusively over the WireGuard tunnel (i.e. `netbird proxy` rather than
+	// the standalone netbird-proxy binary). Surfaces upstream so dashboards can
+	// distinguish per-peer / private clusters from centralised ones.
+	Private *bool `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=private,proto3,oneof" json:"private,omitempty"`
+	// Whether the proxy enforces ProxyMapping.private (fails closed on ValidateTunnelPeer failure). Management MUST NOT stream private mappings to proxies that don't claim this.
+	SupportsPrivateService *bool `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=supports_private_service,json=supportsPrivateService,proto3,oneof" json:"supports_private_service,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *ProxyCapabilities) Reset() {
@@ -243,6 +350,20 @@ func (x *ProxyCapabilities) GetSupportsCrowdsec() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func (x *ProxyCapabilities) GetPrivate() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.Private != nil {
+		return *x.Private
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyCapabilities) GetSupportsPrivateService() bool {
+	if x != nil && x.SupportsPrivateService != nil {
+		return *x.SupportsPrivateService
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // GetMappingUpdateRequest is sent to initialise a mapping stream.
 type GetMappingUpdateRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -396,6 +517,30 @@ type PathTargetOptions struct {
 	ProxyProtocol bool `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=proxy_protocol,json=proxyProtocol,proto3" json:"proxy_protocol,omitempty"`
 	// Idle timeout before a UDP session is reaped.
 	SessionIdleTimeout *durationpb.Duration `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=session_idle_timeout,json=sessionIdleTimeout,proto3" json:"session_idle_timeout,omitempty"`
+	// When true, the proxy dials this target via the host's network stack
+	// instead of through the embedded NetBird client. Useful for upstreams
+	// reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+	// sidecars). Defaults to false — embedded client is the standard path.
+	DirectUpstream bool `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=direct_upstream,json=directUpstream,proto3" json:"direct_upstream,omitempty"`
+	// Proxy clamps to [0, proxy-wide max (1 MiB)] at apply time. Agent-network
+	// synthesized targets only; private services leave these zero.
+	CaptureMaxRequestBytes int64 `protobuf:"varint,8,opt,name=capture_max_request_bytes,json=captureMaxRequestBytes,proto3" json:"capture_max_request_bytes,omitempty"`
+	// Proxy clamps to [0, proxy-wide max (1 MiB)] at apply time.
+	CaptureMaxResponseBytes int64 `protobuf:"varint,9,opt,name=capture_max_response_bytes,json=captureMaxResponseBytes,proto3" json:"capture_max_response_bytes,omitempty"`
+	// Content types eligible for body capture (e.g. "application/json").
+	CaptureContentTypes []string `protobuf:"bytes,10,rep,name=capture_content_types,json=captureContentTypes,proto3" json:"capture_content_types,omitempty"`
+	// Per-target middleware configurations populated by the agent-network
+	// synthesizer. Validated and clamped by the proxy at apply time.
+	Middlewares []*MiddlewareConfig `protobuf:"bytes,11,rep,name=middlewares,proto3" json:"middlewares,omitempty"`
+	// When true, the proxy stamps agent_network=true on access-log entries
+	// for this target so management routes them to the agent-network log
+	// surface.
+	AgentNetwork bool `protobuf:"varint,12,opt,name=agent_network,json=agentNetwork,proto3" json:"agent_network,omitempty"`
+	// When true, the proxy suppresses the per-request access-log emission for
+	// this target. Defaults false to preserve existing access-log behavior for
+	// every non-agent-network target. The agent-network synth target sets this
+	// true only when the account's EnableLogCollection toggle is off.
+	DisableAccessLog bool `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=disable_access_log,json=disableAccessLog,proto3" json:"disable_access_log,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *PathTargetOptions) Reset() {
@@ -472,6 +617,161 @@ func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetSessionIdleTimeout() *durationpb.Duration {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetDirectUpstream() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DirectUpstream
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetCaptureMaxRequestBytes() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.CaptureMaxRequestBytes
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetCaptureMaxResponseBytes() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.CaptureMaxResponseBytes
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetCaptureContentTypes() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.CaptureContentTypes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetMiddlewares() []*MiddlewareConfig {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Middlewares
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetAgentNetwork() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AgentNetwork
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *PathTargetOptions) GetDisableAccessLog() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DisableAccessLog
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// MiddlewareConfig is the per-target configuration for a single middleware.
+// The proxy validates every incoming MiddlewareConfig at apply time:
+// unknown ids are rejected, timeout is clamped to [10ms, 5s], and the
+// declared slot must match the registered middleware's slot.
+type MiddlewareConfig struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Middleware id; must match the proxy-local compiled-in registry.
+	Id      string         `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Enabled bool           `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=enabled,proto3" json:"enabled,omitempty"`
+	Slot    MiddlewareSlot `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=slot,proto3,enum=management.MiddlewareSlot" json:"slot,omitempty"`
+	// Free-form JSON unmarshalled by the middleware factory into its own typed
+	// config struct. Empty / null / {} are valid (zero-value config).
+	ConfigJson []byte                    `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=config_json,json=configJson,proto3" json:"config_json,omitempty"`
+	FailMode   MiddlewareConfig_FailMode `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=fail_mode,json=failMode,proto3,enum=management.MiddlewareConfig_FailMode" json:"fail_mode,omitempty"`
+	// Clamped to [10ms, 5s] at apply time; zero → 500ms default.
+	Timeout *durationpb.Duration `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=timeout,proto3" json:"timeout,omitempty"`
+	// When true, the middleware may mutate request headers or body (subject to
+	// policy). Honoured only when the implementation also declares
+	// MutationsSupported.
+	CanMutate bool `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=can_mutate,json=canMutate,proto3" json:"can_mutate,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) Reset() {
+	*x = MiddlewareConfig{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[4]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*MiddlewareConfig) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use MiddlewareConfig.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*MiddlewareConfig) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
+}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) GetId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Id
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) GetEnabled() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Enabled
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) GetSlot() MiddlewareSlot {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Slot
+	}
+	return MiddlewareSlot_MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_UNSPECIFIED
+}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) GetConfigJson() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ConfigJson
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) GetFailMode() MiddlewareConfig_FailMode {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.FailMode
+	}
+	return MiddlewareConfig_FAIL_OPEN
+}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) GetTimeout() *durationpb.Duration {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Timeout
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *MiddlewareConfig) GetCanMutate() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.CanMutate
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type PathMapping struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -485,7 +785,7 @@ type PathMapping struct {
 func (x *PathMapping) Reset() {
 	*x = PathMapping{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[4]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[5]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -498,7 +798,7 @@ func (x *PathMapping) String() string {
 func (*PathMapping) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PathMapping) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[5]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -511,7 +811,7 @@ func (x *PathMapping) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PathMapping.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PathMapping) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
 }
 
 func (x *PathMapping) GetPath() string {
@@ -549,7 +849,7 @@ type HeaderAuth struct {
 func (x *HeaderAuth) Reset() {
 	*x = HeaderAuth{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[5]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[6]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -562,7 +862,7 @@ func (x *HeaderAuth) String() string {
 func (*HeaderAuth) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *HeaderAuth) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[5]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[6]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -575,7 +875,7 @@ func (x *HeaderAuth) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use HeaderAuth.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*HeaderAuth) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
 }
 
 func (x *HeaderAuth) GetHeader() string {
@@ -603,12 +903,18 @@ type Authentication struct {
 	Pin                  bool          `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=pin,proto3" json:"pin,omitempty"`
 	Oidc                 bool          `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=oidc,proto3" json:"oidc,omitempty"`
 	HeaderAuths          []*HeaderAuth `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=header_auths,json=headerAuths,proto3" json:"header_auths,omitempty"`
+	// Group ids allowed to reach the service through an OIDC identity. When
+	// non-empty the proxy requires the session token's groups claim to
+	// intersect this list before honouring the cookie, so a token minted for
+	// an identity outside these groups is not a bearer credential for the
+	// service. Empty means group membership does not restrict access.
+	AllowedGroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=allowed_group_ids,json=allowedGroupIds,proto3" json:"allowed_group_ids,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *Authentication) Reset() {
 	*x = Authentication{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[6]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[7]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -621,7 +927,7 @@ func (x *Authentication) String() string {
 func (*Authentication) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *Authentication) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[6]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[7]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -634,7 +940,7 @@ func (x *Authentication) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use Authentication.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*Authentication) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
 }
 
 func (x *Authentication) GetSessionKey() string {
@@ -679,6 +985,13 @@ func (x *Authentication) GetHeaderAuths() []*HeaderAuth {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *Authentication) GetAllowedGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AllowedGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type AccessRestrictions struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -695,7 +1008,7 @@ type AccessRestrictions struct {
 func (x *AccessRestrictions) Reset() {
 	*x = AccessRestrictions{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[7]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[8]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -708,7 +1021,7 @@ func (x *AccessRestrictions) String() string {
 func (*AccessRestrictions) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *AccessRestrictions) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[7]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[8]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -721,7 +1034,7 @@ func (x *AccessRestrictions) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use AccessRestrictions.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*AccessRestrictions) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{7}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
 }
 
 func (x *AccessRestrictions) GetAllowedCidrs() []string {
@@ -782,12 +1095,14 @@ type ProxyMapping struct {
 	// For L4/TLS: the port the proxy listens on.
 	ListenPort         int32               `protobuf:"varint,11,opt,name=listen_port,json=listenPort,proto3" json:"listen_port,omitempty"`
 	AccessRestrictions *AccessRestrictions `protobuf:"bytes,12,opt,name=access_restrictions,json=accessRestrictions,proto3" json:"access_restrictions,omitempty"`
+	// NetBird-only: the proxy MUST call ValidateTunnelPeer and fail closed; operator auth schemes are bypassed.
+	Private bool `protobuf:"varint,13,opt,name=private,proto3" json:"private,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *ProxyMapping) Reset() {
 	*x = ProxyMapping{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[8]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[9]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -800,7 +1115,7 @@ func (x *ProxyMapping) String() string {
 func (*ProxyMapping) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ProxyMapping) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[8]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[9]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -813,7 +1128,7 @@ func (x *ProxyMapping) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ProxyMapping.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ProxyMapping) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{8}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
 }
 
 func (x *ProxyMapping) GetType() ProxyMappingUpdateType {
@@ -900,6 +1215,13 @@ func (x *ProxyMapping) GetAccessRestrictions() *AccessRestrictions {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *ProxyMapping) GetPrivate() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Private
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // SendAccessLogRequest consists of one or more AccessLogs from a Proxy.
 type SendAccessLogRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -912,7 +1234,7 @@ type SendAccessLogRequest struct {
 func (x *SendAccessLogRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = SendAccessLogRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[9]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[10]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -925,7 +1247,7 @@ func (x *SendAccessLogRequest) String() string {
 func (*SendAccessLogRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SendAccessLogRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[9]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[10]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -938,7 +1260,7 @@ func (x *SendAccessLogRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SendAccessLogRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SendAccessLogRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{9}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10}
 }
 
 func (x *SendAccessLogRequest) GetLog() *AccessLog {
@@ -958,7 +1280,7 @@ type SendAccessLogResponse struct {
 func (x *SendAccessLogResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = SendAccessLogResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[10]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[11]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -971,7 +1293,7 @@ func (x *SendAccessLogResponse) String() string {
 func (*SendAccessLogResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SendAccessLogResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[10]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[11]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -984,7 +1306,7 @@ func (x *SendAccessLogResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SendAccessLogResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SendAccessLogResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{10}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{11}
 }
 
 type AccessLog struct {
@@ -1010,12 +1332,16 @@ type AccessLog struct {
 	Protocol      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,16,opt,name=protocol,proto3" json:"protocol,omitempty"`
 	// Extra key-value metadata for the access log entry (e.g. crowdsec_verdict, scenario).
 	Metadata map[string]string `protobuf:"bytes,17,rep,name=metadata,proto3" json:"metadata,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+	// When true, the entry was emitted by an agent-network synth service.
+	// Management routes these to the agent-network access-log surface instead
+	// of the standard service log.
+	AgentNetwork bool `protobuf:"varint,18,opt,name=agent_network,json=agentNetwork,proto3" json:"agent_network,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *AccessLog) Reset() {
 	*x = AccessLog{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[11]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[12]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1028,7 +1354,7 @@ func (x *AccessLog) String() string {
 func (*AccessLog) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *AccessLog) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[11]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[12]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1041,7 +1367,7 @@ func (x *AccessLog) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use AccessLog.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*AccessLog) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{11}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{12}
 }
 
 func (x *AccessLog) GetTimestamp() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
@@ -1163,6 +1489,13 @@ func (x *AccessLog) GetMetadata() map[string]string {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *AccessLog) GetAgentNetwork() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AgentNetwork
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 type AuthenticateRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -1181,7 +1514,7 @@ type AuthenticateRequest struct {
 func (x *AuthenticateRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = AuthenticateRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[12]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[13]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1194,7 +1527,7 @@ func (x *AuthenticateRequest) String() string {
 func (*AuthenticateRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *AuthenticateRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[12]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[13]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1207,7 +1540,7 @@ func (x *AuthenticateRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use AuthenticateRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*AuthenticateRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{12}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{13}
 }
 
 func (x *AuthenticateRequest) GetId() string {
@@ -1286,7 +1619,7 @@ type HeaderAuthRequest struct {
 func (x *HeaderAuthRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = HeaderAuthRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[13]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[14]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1299,7 +1632,7 @@ func (x *HeaderAuthRequest) String() string {
 func (*HeaderAuthRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *HeaderAuthRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[13]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[14]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1312,7 +1645,7 @@ func (x *HeaderAuthRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use HeaderAuthRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*HeaderAuthRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{13}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{14}
 }
 
 func (x *HeaderAuthRequest) GetHeaderValue() string {
@@ -1340,7 +1673,7 @@ type PasswordRequest struct {
 func (x *PasswordRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = PasswordRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[14]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[15]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1353,7 +1686,7 @@ func (x *PasswordRequest) String() string {
 func (*PasswordRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PasswordRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[14]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[15]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1366,7 +1699,7 @@ func (x *PasswordRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PasswordRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PasswordRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{14}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
 }
 
 func (x *PasswordRequest) GetPassword() string {
@@ -1387,7 +1720,7 @@ type PinRequest struct {
 func (x *PinRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = PinRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[15]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[16]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1400,7 +1733,7 @@ func (x *PinRequest) String() string {
 func (*PinRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *PinRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[15]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[16]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1413,7 +1746,7 @@ func (x *PinRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use PinRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*PinRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{15}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
 }
 
 func (x *PinRequest) GetPin() string {
@@ -1435,7 +1768,7 @@ type AuthenticateResponse struct {
 func (x *AuthenticateResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = AuthenticateResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[16]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[17]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1448,7 +1781,7 @@ func (x *AuthenticateResponse) String() string {
 func (*AuthenticateResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *AuthenticateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[16]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[17]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1461,7 +1794,7 @@ func (x *AuthenticateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use AuthenticateResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*AuthenticateResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{16}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
 }
 
 func (x *AuthenticateResponse) GetSuccess() bool {
@@ -1489,12 +1822,17 @@ type SendStatusUpdateRequest struct {
 	Status            ProxyStatus `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=status,proto3,enum=management.ProxyStatus" json:"status,omitempty"`
 	CertificateIssued bool        `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=certificate_issued,json=certificateIssued,proto3" json:"certificate_issued,omitempty"`
 	ErrorMessage      *string     `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=error_message,json=errorMessage,proto3,oneof" json:"error_message,omitempty"`
+	// Per-account inbound listener state for the account that owns
+	// service_id. Populated only when --private is enabled and the
+	// embedded client for the account is up. Field numbers >=50 reserved
+	// for observability extensions.
+	InboundListener *ProxyInboundListener `protobuf:"bytes,50,opt,name=inbound_listener,json=inboundListener,proto3,oneof" json:"inbound_listener,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = SendStatusUpdateRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[17]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1507,7 +1845,7 @@ func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) String() string {
 func (*SendStatusUpdateRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[17]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1520,7 +1858,7 @@ func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SendStatusUpdateRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SendStatusUpdateRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{17}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
 }
 
 func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) GetServiceId() string {
@@ -1558,6 +1896,84 @@ func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) GetErrorMessage() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *SendStatusUpdateRequest) GetInboundListener() *ProxyInboundListener {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.InboundListener
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ProxyInboundListener describes a per-account inbound listener that the
+// proxy has bound on the embedded netstack of the account's WireGuard
+// client. Surfaced so dashboards can render "this account is reachable
+// at <tunnel_ip>:<https_port> on this proxy".
+type ProxyInboundListener struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Tunnel IP the embedded netstack listens on. Same address other peers
+	// in the account see for the proxy peer.
+	TunnelIp string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=tunnel_ip,json=tunnelIp,proto3" json:"tunnel_ip,omitempty"`
+	// TLS port served on tunnel_ip (auto-detected, default 443).
+	HttpsPort uint32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=https_port,json=httpsPort,proto3" json:"https_port,omitempty"`
+	// Plain-HTTP port served on tunnel_ip (auto-detected, default 80).
+	HttpPort uint32 `protobuf:"varint,3,opt,name=http_port,json=httpPort,proto3" json:"http_port,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) Reset() {
+	*x = ProxyInboundListener{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ProxyInboundListener) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ProxyInboundListener.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ProxyInboundListener) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) GetTunnelIp() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.TunnelIp
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) GetHttpsPort() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.HttpsPort
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *ProxyInboundListener) GetHttpPort() uint32 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.HttpPort
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 // SendStatusUpdateResponse is intentionally empty to allow for future expansion
 type SendStatusUpdateResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -1568,7 +1984,7 @@ type SendStatusUpdateResponse struct {
 func (x *SendStatusUpdateResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = SendStatusUpdateResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1581,7 +1997,7 @@ func (x *SendStatusUpdateResponse) String() string {
 func (*SendStatusUpdateResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *SendStatusUpdateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1594,7 +2010,7 @@ func (x *SendStatusUpdateResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use SendStatusUpdateResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*SendStatusUpdateResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{18}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
 }
 
 // CreateProxyPeerRequest is sent by the proxy to create a peer connection
@@ -1614,7 +2030,7 @@ type CreateProxyPeerRequest struct {
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = CreateProxyPeerRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1627,7 +2043,7 @@ func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) String() string {
 func (*CreateProxyPeerRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1640,7 +2056,7 @@ func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use CreateProxyPeerRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*CreateProxyPeerRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{19}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
 }
 
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerRequest) GetServiceId() string {
@@ -1691,7 +2107,7 @@ type CreateProxyPeerResponse struct {
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = CreateProxyPeerResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1704,7 +2120,7 @@ func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) String() string {
 func (*CreateProxyPeerResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1717,7 +2133,7 @@ func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use CreateProxyPeerResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*CreateProxyPeerResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{20}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
 }
 
 func (x *CreateProxyPeerResponse) GetSuccess() bool {
@@ -1747,7 +2163,7 @@ type GetOIDCURLRequest struct {
 func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = GetOIDCURLRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1760,7 +2176,7 @@ func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) String() string {
 func (*GetOIDCURLRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1773,7 +2189,7 @@ func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetOIDCURLRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetOIDCURLRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{21}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
 }
 
 func (x *GetOIDCURLRequest) GetId() string {
@@ -1808,7 +2224,7 @@ type GetOIDCURLResponse struct {
 func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = GetOIDCURLResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1821,7 +2237,7 @@ func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) String() string {
 func (*GetOIDCURLResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1834,7 +2250,7 @@ func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use GetOIDCURLResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*GetOIDCURLResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{22}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
 }
 
 func (x *GetOIDCURLResponse) GetUrl() string {
@@ -1856,7 +2272,7 @@ type ValidateSessionRequest struct {
 func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) Reset() {
 	*x = ValidateSessionRequest{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1869,7 +2285,7 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) String() string {
 func (*ValidateSessionRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1882,7 +2298,7 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ValidateSessionRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ValidateSessionRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{23}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{25}
 }
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionRequest) GetDomain() string {
@@ -1908,12 +2324,21 @@ type ValidateSessionResponse struct {
 	UserId       string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=user_id,json=userId,proto3" json:"user_id,omitempty"`
 	UserEmail    string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=user_email,json=userEmail,proto3" json:"user_email,omitempty"`
 	DeniedReason string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=denied_reason,json=deniedReason,proto3" json:"denied_reason,omitempty"`
+	// peer_group_ids carries the calling user's group memberships so the
+	// proxy can authorise policy-aware middlewares without an additional
+	// management round-trip.
+	PeerGroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,5,rep,name=peer_group_ids,json=peerGroupIds,proto3" json:"peer_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	// peer_group_names carries the human-readable display names for the
+	// ids in peer_group_ids, ordered identically (positional pairing).
+	// Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so downstream
+	// services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+	PeerGroupNames []string `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=peer_group_names,json=peerGroupNames,proto3" json:"peer_group_names,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) Reset() {
 	*x = ValidateSessionResponse{}
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
-		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24]
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26]
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 	}
@@ -1926,7 +2351,7 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) String() string {
 func (*ValidateSessionResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24]
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26]
 	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -1939,7 +2364,7 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ValidateSessionResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ValidateSessionResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{24}
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{26}
 }
 
 func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) GetValid() bool {
@@ -1970,6 +2395,788 @@ func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) GetDeniedReason() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) GetPeerGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateSessionResponse) GetPeerGroupNames() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupNames
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeerRequest carries the inbound peer's tunnel IP and the
+// service domain whose group requirements should gate access. The calling
+// account is inferred from the proxy's gRPC metadata (ProxyToken).
+type ValidateTunnelPeerRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	TunnelIp string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=tunnel_ip,json=tunnelIp,proto3" json:"tunnel_ip,omitempty"`
+	Domain   string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=domain,proto3" json:"domain,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = ValidateTunnelPeerRequest{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ValidateTunnelPeerRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{27}
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) GetTunnelIp() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.TunnelIp
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) GetDomain() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Domain
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeerResponse mirrors ValidateSessionResponse plus a freshly
+// minted session_token: when valid is true, the proxy installs the token as
+// a session cookie so subsequent requests skip the management round-trip,
+// matching the OIDC flow's UX. denied_reason values:
+//
+//	"peer_not_found" — no peer with that tunnel IP in the calling account
+//	"no_user"        — peer exists but is not bound to a user
+//	"service_not_found"
+//	"account_mismatch"
+//	"not_in_group"   — peer resolved but not in service.access_groups
+type ValidateTunnelPeerResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Valid        bool   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=valid,proto3" json:"valid,omitempty"`
+	UserId       string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=user_id,json=userId,proto3" json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+	UserEmail    string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=user_email,json=userEmail,proto3" json:"user_email,omitempty"`
+	DeniedReason string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=denied_reason,json=deniedReason,proto3" json:"denied_reason,omitempty"`
+	// session_token is set only when valid is true. Same shape as the JWT
+	// the OIDC flow produces — proxy installs it via setSessionCookie so the
+	// tunnel fast-path is indistinguishable from OIDC for subsequent requests.
+	SessionToken string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=session_token,json=sessionToken,proto3" json:"session_token,omitempty"`
+	// peer_group_ids carries the resolved peer's user group memberships so
+	// the proxy can authorise policy-aware middlewares without an additional
+	// management round-trip.
+	PeerGroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,6,rep,name=peer_group_ids,json=peerGroupIds,proto3" json:"peer_group_ids,omitempty"`
+	// peer_group_names carries the human-readable display names for the
+	// ids in peer_group_ids, ordered identically (positional pairing).
+	// Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so downstream
+	// services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+	PeerGroupNames []string `protobuf:"bytes,7,rep,name=peer_group_names,json=peerGroupNames,proto3" json:"peer_group_names,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = ValidateTunnelPeerResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use ValidateTunnelPeerResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{28}
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetValid() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Valid
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetUserId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetUserEmail() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserEmail
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetDeniedReason() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DeniedReason
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetSessionToken() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SessionToken
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetPeerGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *ValidateTunnelPeerResponse) GetPeerGroupNames() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.PeerGroupNames
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsRequest is sent by the proxy on the bidirectional SyncMappings
+// stream. The first message MUST be an init; all subsequent messages MUST be
+// acks.
+type SyncMappingsRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// Types that are assignable to Msg:
+	//
+	//	*SyncMappingsRequest_Init
+	//	*SyncMappingsRequest_Ack
+	Msg isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg `protobuf_oneof:"msg"`
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = SyncMappingsRequest{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[29]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[29]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SyncMappingsRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{29}
+}
+
+func (m *SyncMappingsRequest) GetMsg() isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Msg
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) GetInit() *SyncMappingsInit {
+	if x, ok := x.GetMsg().(*SyncMappingsRequest_Init); ok {
+		return x.Init
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsRequest) GetAck() *SyncMappingsAck {
+	if x, ok := x.GetMsg().(*SyncMappingsRequest_Ack); ok {
+		return x.Ack
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg interface {
+	isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg()
+}
+
+type SyncMappingsRequest_Init struct {
+	Init *SyncMappingsInit `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=init,proto3,oneof"`
+}
+
+type SyncMappingsRequest_Ack struct {
+	Ack *SyncMappingsAck `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=ack,proto3,oneof"`
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsRequest_Init) isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg() {}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsRequest_Ack) isSyncMappingsRequest_Msg() {}
+
+// SyncMappingsInit is the first message on the stream, carrying the same
+// identification fields as GetMappingUpdateRequest.
+type SyncMappingsInit struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	ProxyId      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=proxy_id,json=proxyId,proto3" json:"proxy_id,omitempty"`
+	Version      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=version,proto3" json:"version,omitempty"`
+	StartedAt    *timestamppb.Timestamp `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=started_at,json=startedAt,proto3" json:"started_at,omitempty"`
+	Address      string                 `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=address,proto3" json:"address,omitempty"`
+	Capabilities *ProxyCapabilities     `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=capabilities,proto3" json:"capabilities,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) Reset() {
+	*x = SyncMappingsInit{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[30]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsInit) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[30]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsInit.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SyncMappingsInit) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{30}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetProxyId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ProxyId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetVersion() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Version
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetStartedAt() *timestamppb.Timestamp {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.StartedAt
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetAddress() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Address
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsInit) GetCapabilities() *ProxyCapabilities {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Capabilities
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsAck is sent by the proxy after it has fully processed a batch.
+// Management waits for this before sending the next batch.
+type SyncMappingsAck struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsAck) Reset() {
+	*x = SyncMappingsAck{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[31]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsAck) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsAck) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsAck) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[31]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsAck.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SyncMappingsAck) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{31}
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsResponse is a batch of mappings sent by management.
+// Identical semantics to GetMappingUpdateResponse.
+type SyncMappingsResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Mapping []*ProxyMapping `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=mapping,proto3" json:"mapping,omitempty"`
+	// initial_sync_complete is set on the last message of the initial snapshot.
+	InitialSyncComplete bool `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=initial_sync_complete,json=initialSyncComplete,proto3" json:"initial_sync_complete,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = SyncMappingsResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[32]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*SyncMappingsResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[32]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use SyncMappingsResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*SyncMappingsResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{32}
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) GetMapping() []*ProxyMapping {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Mapping
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *SyncMappingsResponse) GetInitialSyncComplete() bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.InitialSyncComplete
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest carries the resolved caller identity and the
+// upstream provider already chosen by llm_router. Management computes which
+// policies authorise the request, picks the one with the most remaining
+// headroom, and returns the attribution decision.
+type CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// account_id is the netbird account the request belongs to.
+	AccountId string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=account_id,json=accountId,proto3" json:"account_id,omitempty"`
+	// user_id is the netbird user id of the caller. May be empty when the
+	// principal is a tunnel-peer that isn't bound to a user; group membership
+	// still gates the request in that case.
+	UserId string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=user_id,json=userId,proto3" json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+	// group_ids is the caller's full group membership at request time.
+	GroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=group_ids,json=groupIds,proto3" json:"group_ids,omitempty"`
+	// provider_id is the agent-network provider record id chosen by llm_router.
+	ProviderId string `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=provider_id,json=providerId,proto3" json:"provider_id,omitempty"`
+	// model is the upstream model identifier extracted from the request body.
+	Model string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=model,proto3" json:"model,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[33]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[33]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{33}
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) GetAccountId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AccountId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) GetUserId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) GetGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.GroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) GetProviderId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.ProviderId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) GetModel() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Model
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse is management's allow-or-deny decision for a
+// pre-flight check.
+type CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	// decision is "allow" or "deny".
+	Decision string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=decision,proto3" json:"decision,omitempty"`
+	// selected_policy_id names the policy that paid for this request.
+	SelectedPolicyId string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=selected_policy_id,json=selectedPolicyId,proto3" json:"selected_policy_id,omitempty"`
+	// attribution_group_id is the source group the request booked against.
+	AttributionGroupId string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=attribution_group_id,json=attributionGroupId,proto3" json:"attribution_group_id,omitempty"`
+	// window_seconds is the cap window length the selected policy uses.
+	WindowSeconds int64 `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=window_seconds,json=windowSeconds,proto3" json:"window_seconds,omitempty"`
+	// deny_code is set on decision="deny" with a stable label.
+	DenyCode string `protobuf:"bytes,5,opt,name=deny_code,json=denyCode,proto3" json:"deny_code,omitempty"`
+	// deny_reason is a short human-readable explanation paired with deny_code.
+	DenyReason string `protobuf:"bytes,6,opt,name=deny_reason,json=denyReason,proto3" json:"deny_reason,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[34]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[34]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{34}
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) GetDecision() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Decision
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) GetSelectedPolicyId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.SelectedPolicyId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) GetAttributionGroupId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AttributionGroupId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) GetWindowSeconds() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.WindowSeconds
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) GetDenyCode() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DenyCode
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse) GetDenyReason() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.DenyReason
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// RecordLLMUsageRequest is the post-flight increment the proxy posts after
+// the upstream call. Counters are keyed on (account, dimension, window).
+type RecordLLMUsageRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	AccountId string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=account_id,json=accountId,proto3" json:"account_id,omitempty"`
+	UserId    string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=user_id,json=userId,proto3" json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+	// group_id is the selected policy's attribution group, recorded against the
+	// policy window (window_seconds).
+	GroupId       string  `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=group_id,json=groupId,proto3" json:"group_id,omitempty"`
+	WindowSeconds int64   `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=window_seconds,json=windowSeconds,proto3" json:"window_seconds,omitempty"`
+	TokensInput   int64   `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=tokens_input,json=tokensInput,proto3" json:"tokens_input,omitempty"`
+	TokensOutput  int64   `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=tokens_output,json=tokensOutput,proto3" json:"tokens_output,omitempty"`
+	CostUsd       float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,7,opt,name=cost_usd,json=costUsd,proto3" json:"cost_usd,omitempty"`
+	// group_ids is the caller's full group membership, used to fan the same
+	// usage out to every applicable account-level budget rule's own window.
+	GroupIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,8,rep,name=group_ids,json=groupIds,proto3" json:"group_ids,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = RecordLLMUsageRequest{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[35]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*RecordLLMUsageRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[35]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use RecordLLMUsageRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*RecordLLMUsageRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{35}
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) GetAccountId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.AccountId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) GetUserId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.UserId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) GetGroupId() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.GroupId
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) GetWindowSeconds() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.WindowSeconds
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) GetTokensInput() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.TokensInput
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) GetTokensOutput() int64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.TokensOutput
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) GetCostUsd() float64 {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.CostUsd
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageRequest) GetGroupIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.GroupIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type RecordLLMUsageResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = RecordLLMUsageResponse{}
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
+		mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[36]
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+	}
+}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*RecordLLMUsageResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *RecordLLMUsageResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[36]
+	if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use RecordLLMUsageResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*RecordLLMUsageResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{36}
+}
+
 var File_proxy_service_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 
 var file_proxy_service_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
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 }
 
 var (
@@ -2333,82 +3750,114 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	return file_proxy_service_proto_rawDescData
 }
 
-var file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 3)
-var file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 27)
+var file_proxy_service_proto_enumTypes = make([]protoimpl.EnumInfo, 5)
+var file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 39)
 var file_proxy_service_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
-	(ProxyMappingUpdateType)(0),      // 0: management.ProxyMappingUpdateType
-	(PathRewriteMode)(0),             // 1: management.PathRewriteMode
-	(ProxyStatus)(0),                 // 2: management.ProxyStatus
-	(*ProxyCapabilities)(nil),        // 3: management.ProxyCapabilities
-	(*GetMappingUpdateRequest)(nil),  // 4: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
-	(*GetMappingUpdateResponse)(nil), // 5: management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
-	(*PathTargetOptions)(nil),        // 6: management.PathTargetOptions
-	(*PathMapping)(nil),              // 7: management.PathMapping
-	(*HeaderAuth)(nil),               // 8: management.HeaderAuth
-	(*Authentication)(nil),           // 9: management.Authentication
-	(*AccessRestrictions)(nil),       // 10: management.AccessRestrictions
-	(*ProxyMapping)(nil),             // 11: management.ProxyMapping
-	(*SendAccessLogRequest)(nil),     // 12: management.SendAccessLogRequest
-	(*SendAccessLogResponse)(nil),    // 13: management.SendAccessLogResponse
-	(*AccessLog)(nil),                // 14: management.AccessLog
-	(*AuthenticateRequest)(nil),      // 15: management.AuthenticateRequest
-	(*HeaderAuthRequest)(nil),        // 16: management.HeaderAuthRequest
-	(*PasswordRequest)(nil),          // 17: management.PasswordRequest
-	(*PinRequest)(nil),               // 18: management.PinRequest
-	(*AuthenticateResponse)(nil),     // 19: management.AuthenticateResponse
-	(*SendStatusUpdateRequest)(nil),  // 20: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
-	(*SendStatusUpdateResponse)(nil), // 21: management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
-	(*CreateProxyPeerRequest)(nil),   // 22: management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
-	(*CreateProxyPeerResponse)(nil),  // 23: management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
-	(*GetOIDCURLRequest)(nil),        // 24: management.GetOIDCURLRequest
-	(*GetOIDCURLResponse)(nil),       // 25: management.GetOIDCURLResponse
-	(*ValidateSessionRequest)(nil),   // 26: management.ValidateSessionRequest
-	(*ValidateSessionResponse)(nil),  // 27: management.ValidateSessionResponse
-	nil,                              // 28: management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
-	nil,                              // 29: management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
-	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),    // 30: google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),      // 31: google.protobuf.Duration
+	(ProxyMappingUpdateType)(0),          // 0: management.ProxyMappingUpdateType
+	(PathRewriteMode)(0),                 // 1: management.PathRewriteMode
+	(MiddlewareSlot)(0),                  // 2: management.MiddlewareSlot
+	(ProxyStatus)(0),                     // 3: management.ProxyStatus
+	(MiddlewareConfig_FailMode)(0),       // 4: management.MiddlewareConfig.FailMode
+	(*ProxyCapabilities)(nil),            // 5: management.ProxyCapabilities
+	(*GetMappingUpdateRequest)(nil),      // 6: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
+	(*GetMappingUpdateResponse)(nil),     // 7: management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
+	(*PathTargetOptions)(nil),            // 8: management.PathTargetOptions
+	(*MiddlewareConfig)(nil),             // 9: management.MiddlewareConfig
+	(*PathMapping)(nil),                  // 10: management.PathMapping
+	(*HeaderAuth)(nil),                   // 11: management.HeaderAuth
+	(*Authentication)(nil),               // 12: management.Authentication
+	(*AccessRestrictions)(nil),           // 13: management.AccessRestrictions
+	(*ProxyMapping)(nil),                 // 14: management.ProxyMapping
+	(*SendAccessLogRequest)(nil),         // 15: management.SendAccessLogRequest
+	(*SendAccessLogResponse)(nil),        // 16: management.SendAccessLogResponse
+	(*AccessLog)(nil),                    // 17: management.AccessLog
+	(*AuthenticateRequest)(nil),          // 18: management.AuthenticateRequest
+	(*HeaderAuthRequest)(nil),            // 19: management.HeaderAuthRequest
+	(*PasswordRequest)(nil),              // 20: management.PasswordRequest
+	(*PinRequest)(nil),                   // 21: management.PinRequest
+	(*AuthenticateResponse)(nil),         // 22: management.AuthenticateResponse
+	(*SendStatusUpdateRequest)(nil),      // 23: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
+	(*ProxyInboundListener)(nil),         // 24: management.ProxyInboundListener
+	(*SendStatusUpdateResponse)(nil),     // 25: management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
+	(*CreateProxyPeerRequest)(nil),       // 26: management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
+	(*CreateProxyPeerResponse)(nil),      // 27: management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
+	(*GetOIDCURLRequest)(nil),            // 28: management.GetOIDCURLRequest
+	(*GetOIDCURLResponse)(nil),           // 29: management.GetOIDCURLResponse
+	(*ValidateSessionRequest)(nil),       // 30: management.ValidateSessionRequest
+	(*ValidateSessionResponse)(nil),      // 31: management.ValidateSessionResponse
+	(*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest)(nil),    // 32: management.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest
+	(*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse)(nil),   // 33: management.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+	(*SyncMappingsRequest)(nil),          // 34: management.SyncMappingsRequest
+	(*SyncMappingsInit)(nil),             // 35: management.SyncMappingsInit
+	(*SyncMappingsAck)(nil),              // 36: management.SyncMappingsAck
+	(*SyncMappingsResponse)(nil),         // 37: management.SyncMappingsResponse
+	(*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest)(nil),  // 38: management.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest
+	(*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse)(nil), // 39: management.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse
+	(*RecordLLMUsageRequest)(nil),        // 40: management.RecordLLMUsageRequest
+	(*RecordLLMUsageResponse)(nil),       // 41: management.RecordLLMUsageResponse
+	nil,                                  // 42: management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
+	nil,                                  // 43: management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
+	(*timestamppb.Timestamp)(nil),        // 44: google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	(*durationpb.Duration)(nil),          // 45: google.protobuf.Duration
 }
 var file_proxy_service_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	30, // 0: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	3,  // 1: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.capabilities:type_name -> management.ProxyCapabilities
-	11, // 2: management.GetMappingUpdateResponse.mapping:type_name -> management.ProxyMapping
-	31, // 3: management.PathTargetOptions.request_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	44, // 0: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	5,  // 1: management.GetMappingUpdateRequest.capabilities:type_name -> management.ProxyCapabilities
+	14, // 2: management.GetMappingUpdateResponse.mapping:type_name -> management.ProxyMapping
+	45, // 3: management.PathTargetOptions.request_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
 	1,  // 4: management.PathTargetOptions.path_rewrite:type_name -> management.PathRewriteMode
-	28, // 5: management.PathTargetOptions.custom_headers:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
-	31, // 6: management.PathTargetOptions.session_idle_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
-	6,  // 7: management.PathMapping.options:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions
-	8,  // 8: management.Authentication.header_auths:type_name -> management.HeaderAuth
-	0,  // 9: management.ProxyMapping.type:type_name -> management.ProxyMappingUpdateType
-	7,  // 10: management.ProxyMapping.path:type_name -> management.PathMapping
-	9,  // 11: management.ProxyMapping.auth:type_name -> management.Authentication
-	10, // 12: management.ProxyMapping.access_restrictions:type_name -> management.AccessRestrictions
-	14, // 13: management.SendAccessLogRequest.log:type_name -> management.AccessLog
-	30, // 14: management.AccessLog.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
-	29, // 15: management.AccessLog.metadata:type_name -> management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
-	17, // 16: management.AuthenticateRequest.password:type_name -> management.PasswordRequest
-	18, // 17: management.AuthenticateRequest.pin:type_name -> management.PinRequest
-	16, // 18: management.AuthenticateRequest.header_auth:type_name -> management.HeaderAuthRequest
-	2,  // 19: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest.status:type_name -> management.ProxyStatus
-	4,  // 20: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:input_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
-	12, // 21: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:input_type -> management.SendAccessLogRequest
-	15, // 22: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:input_type -> management.AuthenticateRequest
-	20, // 23: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:input_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
-	22, // 24: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:input_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
-	24, // 25: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:input_type -> management.GetOIDCURLRequest
-	26, // 26: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:input_type -> management.ValidateSessionRequest
-	5,  // 27: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:output_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
-	13, // 28: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:output_type -> management.SendAccessLogResponse
-	19, // 29: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:output_type -> management.AuthenticateResponse
-	21, // 30: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:output_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
-	23, // 31: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:output_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
-	25, // 32: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:output_type -> management.GetOIDCURLResponse
-	27, // 33: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:output_type -> management.ValidateSessionResponse
-	27, // [27:34] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	20, // [20:27] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	20, // [20:20] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	20, // [20:20] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:20] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	42, // 5: management.PathTargetOptions.custom_headers:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions.CustomHeadersEntry
+	45, // 6: management.PathTargetOptions.session_idle_timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	9,  // 7: management.PathTargetOptions.middlewares:type_name -> management.MiddlewareConfig
+	2,  // 8: management.MiddlewareConfig.slot:type_name -> management.MiddlewareSlot
+	4,  // 9: management.MiddlewareConfig.fail_mode:type_name -> management.MiddlewareConfig.FailMode
+	45, // 10: management.MiddlewareConfig.timeout:type_name -> google.protobuf.Duration
+	8,  // 11: management.PathMapping.options:type_name -> management.PathTargetOptions
+	11, // 12: management.Authentication.header_auths:type_name -> management.HeaderAuth
+	0,  // 13: management.ProxyMapping.type:type_name -> management.ProxyMappingUpdateType
+	10, // 14: management.ProxyMapping.path:type_name -> management.PathMapping
+	12, // 15: management.ProxyMapping.auth:type_name -> management.Authentication
+	13, // 16: management.ProxyMapping.access_restrictions:type_name -> management.AccessRestrictions
+	17, // 17: management.SendAccessLogRequest.log:type_name -> management.AccessLog
+	44, // 18: management.AccessLog.timestamp:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	43, // 19: management.AccessLog.metadata:type_name -> management.AccessLog.MetadataEntry
+	20, // 20: management.AuthenticateRequest.password:type_name -> management.PasswordRequest
+	21, // 21: management.AuthenticateRequest.pin:type_name -> management.PinRequest
+	19, // 22: management.AuthenticateRequest.header_auth:type_name -> management.HeaderAuthRequest
+	3,  // 23: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest.status:type_name -> management.ProxyStatus
+	24, // 24: management.SendStatusUpdateRequest.inbound_listener:type_name -> management.ProxyInboundListener
+	35, // 25: management.SyncMappingsRequest.init:type_name -> management.SyncMappingsInit
+	36, // 26: management.SyncMappingsRequest.ack:type_name -> management.SyncMappingsAck
+	44, // 27: management.SyncMappingsInit.started_at:type_name -> google.protobuf.Timestamp
+	5,  // 28: management.SyncMappingsInit.capabilities:type_name -> management.ProxyCapabilities
+	14, // 29: management.SyncMappingsResponse.mapping:type_name -> management.ProxyMapping
+	6,  // 30: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:input_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateRequest
+	34, // 31: management.ProxyService.SyncMappings:input_type -> management.SyncMappingsRequest
+	15, // 32: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:input_type -> management.SendAccessLogRequest
+	18, // 33: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:input_type -> management.AuthenticateRequest
+	23, // 34: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:input_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateRequest
+	26, // 35: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:input_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerRequest
+	28, // 36: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:input_type -> management.GetOIDCURLRequest
+	30, // 37: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:input_type -> management.ValidateSessionRequest
+	32, // 38: management.ProxyService.ValidateTunnelPeer:input_type -> management.ValidateTunnelPeerRequest
+	38, // 39: management.ProxyService.CheckLLMPolicyLimits:input_type -> management.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest
+	40, // 40: management.ProxyService.RecordLLMUsage:input_type -> management.RecordLLMUsageRequest
+	7,  // 41: management.ProxyService.GetMappingUpdate:output_type -> management.GetMappingUpdateResponse
+	37, // 42: management.ProxyService.SyncMappings:output_type -> management.SyncMappingsResponse
+	16, // 43: management.ProxyService.SendAccessLog:output_type -> management.SendAccessLogResponse
+	22, // 44: management.ProxyService.Authenticate:output_type -> management.AuthenticateResponse
+	25, // 45: management.ProxyService.SendStatusUpdate:output_type -> management.SendStatusUpdateResponse
+	27, // 46: management.ProxyService.CreateProxyPeer:output_type -> management.CreateProxyPeerResponse
+	29, // 47: management.ProxyService.GetOIDCURL:output_type -> management.GetOIDCURLResponse
+	31, // 48: management.ProxyService.ValidateSession:output_type -> management.ValidateSessionResponse
+	33, // 49: management.ProxyService.ValidateTunnelPeer:output_type -> management.ValidateTunnelPeerResponse
+	39, // 50: management.ProxyService.CheckLLMPolicyLimits:output_type -> management.CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse
+	41, // 51: management.ProxyService.RecordLLMUsage:output_type -> management.RecordLLMUsageResponse
+	41, // [41:52] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	30, // [30:41] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	30, // [30:30] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	30, // [30:30] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:30] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_proxy_service_proto_init() }
@@ -2466,7 +3915,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[4].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PathMapping); i {
+			switch v := v.(*MiddlewareConfig); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2478,7 +3927,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[5].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*HeaderAuth); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PathMapping); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2490,7 +3939,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[6].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*Authentication); i {
+			switch v := v.(*HeaderAuth); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2502,7 +3951,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[7].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*AccessRestrictions); i {
+			switch v := v.(*Authentication); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2514,7 +3963,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[8].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ProxyMapping); i {
+			switch v := v.(*AccessRestrictions); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2526,7 +3975,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[9].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SendAccessLogRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ProxyMapping); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2538,7 +3987,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[10].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SendAccessLogResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SendAccessLogRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2550,7 +3999,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[11].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*AccessLog); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SendAccessLogResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2562,7 +4011,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[12].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*AuthenticateRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*AccessLog); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2574,7 +4023,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[13].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*HeaderAuthRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*AuthenticateRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2586,7 +4035,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[14].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PasswordRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*HeaderAuthRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2598,7 +4047,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[15].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*PinRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PasswordRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2610,7 +4059,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[16].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*AuthenticateResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*PinRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2622,7 +4071,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[17].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SendStatusUpdateRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*AuthenticateResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2634,7 +4083,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*SendStatusUpdateResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SendStatusUpdateRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2646,7 +4095,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[19].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*CreateProxyPeerRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*ProxyInboundListener); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2658,7 +4107,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*CreateProxyPeerResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*SendStatusUpdateResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2670,7 +4119,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[21].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*GetOIDCURLRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*CreateProxyPeerRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2682,7 +4131,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*GetOIDCURLResponse); i {
+			switch v := v.(*CreateProxyPeerResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2694,7 +4143,7 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[23].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
-			switch v := v.(*ValidateSessionRequest); i {
+			switch v := v.(*GetOIDCURLRequest); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
 			case 1:
@@ -2706,6 +4155,30 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 			}
 		}
 		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[24].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*GetOIDCURLResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[25].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*ValidateSessionRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[26].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
 			switch v := v.(*ValidateSessionResponse); i {
 			case 0:
 				return &v.state
@@ -2717,22 +4190,146 @@ func file_proxy_service_proto_init() {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[27].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[28].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[29].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[30].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsInit); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[31].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsAck); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[32].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*SyncMappingsResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[33].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[34].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[35].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*RecordLLMUsageRequest); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[36].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
+			switch v := v.(*RecordLLMUsageResponse); i {
+			case 0:
+				return &v.state
+			case 1:
+				return &v.sizeCache
+			case 2:
+				return &v.unknownFields
+			default:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[0].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
-	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[12].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
+	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[13].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
 		(*AuthenticateRequest_Password)(nil),
 		(*AuthenticateRequest_Pin)(nil),
 		(*AuthenticateRequest_HeaderAuth)(nil),
 	}
-	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[17].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
-	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[20].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
+	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[18].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
+	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[22].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{}
+	file_proxy_service_proto_msgTypes[29].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
+		(*SyncMappingsRequest_Init)(nil),
+		(*SyncMappingsRequest_Ack)(nil),
+	}
 	type x struct{}
 	out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
 		File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_proxy_service_proto_rawDesc,
-			NumEnums:      3,
-			NumMessages:   27,
+			NumEnums:      5,
+			NumMessages:   39,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto
index e359f0cbd..facadc4d5 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto
+++ b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service.proto
@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@ import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
 service ProxyService {
   rpc GetMappingUpdate(GetMappingUpdateRequest) returns (stream GetMappingUpdateResponse);
 
+  // SyncMappings is a bidirectional stream that replaces GetMappingUpdate for
+  // new proxies. The proxy sends an initial SyncMappingsRequest to start the
+  // stream and then sends an ack after each batch is fully processed.
+  // Management waits for the ack before sending the next batch, providing
+  // application-level back-pressure during large initial syncs.
+  // Old proxies continue using GetMappingUpdate; old management servers
+  // return Unimplemented for this RPC and proxies fall back.
+  rpc SyncMappings(stream SyncMappingsRequest) returns (stream SyncMappingsResponse);
+
   rpc SendAccessLog(SendAccessLogRequest) returns (SendAccessLogResponse);
 
   rpc Authenticate(AuthenticateRequest) returns (AuthenticateResponse);
@@ -25,6 +34,27 @@ service ProxyService {
   // ValidateSession validates a session token and checks user access permissions.
   // Called by the proxy after receiving a session token from OIDC callback.
   rpc ValidateSession(ValidateSessionRequest) returns (ValidateSessionResponse);
+
+  // ValidateTunnelPeer resolves an inbound peer by its WireGuard tunnel IP and
+  // checks the resolved user's access against the service's access_groups.
+  // Acts as a fast-path equivalent of OIDC for requests originating on the
+  // netbird mesh: when the source IP maps to a known peer in the calling
+  // account and that peer is in the service's access_groups, the proxy can
+  // issue a session cookie without redirecting through the OIDC flow.
+  // Mirrors ValidateSession's response shape.
+  rpc ValidateTunnelPeer(ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) returns (ValidateTunnelPeerResponse);
+
+  // CheckLLMPolicyLimits is the pre-flight RPC the proxy calls before each
+  // LLM request. Management runs the per-policy headroom selection across
+  // every policy authorising the caller's user / groups for the resolved
+  // provider and returns the chosen attribution policy + group, or a deny
+  // when no applicable policy has headroom > 0.
+  rpc CheckLLMPolicyLimits(CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) returns (CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse);
+
+  // RecordLLMUsage is the post-flight RPC the proxy calls after the upstream
+  // returns. Increments the per-(dimension, window) counters for the
+  // attribution policy chosen by CheckLLMPolicyLimits.
+  rpc RecordLLMUsage(RecordLLMUsageRequest) returns (RecordLLMUsageResponse);
 }
 
 // ProxyCapabilities describes what a proxy can handle.
@@ -36,6 +66,13 @@ message ProxyCapabilities {
   optional bool require_subdomain = 2;
   // Whether the proxy has CrowdSec configured and can enforce IP reputation checks.
   optional bool supports_crowdsec = 3;
+  // Whether the proxy is running embedded in the netbird client and serving
+  // exclusively over the WireGuard tunnel (i.e. `netbird proxy` rather than
+  // the standalone netbird-proxy binary). Surfaces upstream so dashboards can
+  // distinguish per-peer / private clusters from centralised ones.
+  optional bool private = 4;
+  // Whether the proxy enforces ProxyMapping.private (fails closed on ValidateTunnelPeer failure). Management MUST NOT stream private mappings to proxies that don't claim this.
+  optional bool supports_private_service = 5;
 }
 
 // GetMappingUpdateRequest is sent to initialise a mapping stream.
@@ -77,6 +114,64 @@ message PathTargetOptions {
   bool proxy_protocol = 5;
   // Idle timeout before a UDP session is reaped.
   google.protobuf.Duration session_idle_timeout = 6;
+  // When true, the proxy dials this target via the host's network stack
+  // instead of through the embedded NetBird client. Useful for upstreams
+  // reachable without WireGuard (public APIs, LAN services, localhost
+  // sidecars). Defaults to false — embedded client is the standard path.
+  bool direct_upstream = 7;
+  // Proxy clamps to [0, proxy-wide max (1 MiB)] at apply time. Agent-network
+  // synthesized targets only; private services leave these zero.
+  int64 capture_max_request_bytes = 8;
+  // Proxy clamps to [0, proxy-wide max (1 MiB)] at apply time.
+  int64 capture_max_response_bytes = 9;
+  // Content types eligible for body capture (e.g. "application/json").
+  repeated string capture_content_types = 10;
+  // Per-target middleware configurations populated by the agent-network
+  // synthesizer. Validated and clamped by the proxy at apply time.
+  repeated MiddlewareConfig middlewares = 11;
+  // When true, the proxy stamps agent_network=true on access-log entries
+  // for this target so management routes them to the agent-network log
+  // surface.
+  bool agent_network = 12;
+  // When true, the proxy suppresses the per-request access-log emission for
+  // this target. Defaults false to preserve existing access-log behavior for
+  // every non-agent-network target. The agent-network synth target sets this
+  // true only when the account's EnableLogCollection toggle is off.
+  bool disable_access_log = 13;
+}
+
+// MiddlewareSlot identifies where in the request lifecycle a middleware
+// runs. Mirrors proxy/internal/middleware.Slot.
+enum MiddlewareSlot {
+  MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_UNSPECIFIED = 0;
+  MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_REQUEST = 1;
+  MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_ON_RESPONSE = 2;
+  MIDDLEWARE_SLOT_TERMINAL = 3;
+}
+
+// MiddlewareConfig is the per-target configuration for a single middleware.
+// The proxy validates every incoming MiddlewareConfig at apply time:
+// unknown ids are rejected, timeout is clamped to [10ms, 5s], and the
+// declared slot must match the registered middleware's slot.
+message MiddlewareConfig {
+  // Middleware id; must match the proxy-local compiled-in registry.
+  string id = 1;
+  bool enabled = 2;
+  MiddlewareSlot slot = 3;
+  // Free-form JSON unmarshalled by the middleware factory into its own typed
+  // config struct. Empty / null / {} are valid (zero-value config).
+  bytes config_json = 4;
+  enum FailMode {
+    FAIL_OPEN = 0;
+    FAIL_CLOSED = 1;
+  }
+  FailMode fail_mode = 5;
+  // Clamped to [10ms, 5s] at apply time; zero → 500ms default.
+  google.protobuf.Duration timeout = 6;
+  // When true, the middleware may mutate request headers or body (subject to
+  // policy). Honoured only when the implementation also declares
+  // MutationsSupported.
+  bool can_mutate = 7;
 }
 
 message PathMapping {
@@ -99,6 +194,12 @@ message Authentication {
   bool pin = 4;
   bool oidc = 5;
   repeated HeaderAuth header_auths = 6;
+  // Group ids allowed to reach the service through an OIDC identity. When
+  // non-empty the proxy requires the session token's groups claim to
+  // intersect this list before honouring the cookie, so a token minted for
+  // an identity outside these groups is not a bearer credential for the
+  // service. Empty means group membership does not restrict access.
+  repeated string allowed_group_ids = 7;
 }
 
 message AccessRestrictions {
@@ -129,6 +230,8 @@ message ProxyMapping {
   // For L4/TLS: the port the proxy listens on.
   int32 listen_port = 11;
   AccessRestrictions access_restrictions = 12;
+  // NetBird-only: the proxy MUST call ValidateTunnelPeer and fail closed; operator auth schemes are bypassed.
+  bool private = 13;
 }
 
 // SendAccessLogRequest consists of one or more AccessLogs from a Proxy.
@@ -158,6 +261,10 @@ message AccessLog {
   string protocol = 16;
   // Extra key-value metadata for the access log entry (e.g. crowdsec_verdict, scenario).
   map<string, string> metadata = 17;
+  // When true, the entry was emitted by an agent-network synth service.
+  // Management routes these to the agent-network access-log surface instead
+  // of the standard service log.
+  bool agent_network = 18;
 }
 
 message AuthenticateRequest {
@@ -204,6 +311,25 @@ message SendStatusUpdateRequest {
   ProxyStatus status = 3;
   bool certificate_issued = 4;
   optional string error_message = 5;
+  // Per-account inbound listener state for the account that owns
+  // service_id. Populated only when --private is enabled and the
+  // embedded client for the account is up. Field numbers >=50 reserved
+  // for observability extensions.
+  optional ProxyInboundListener inbound_listener = 50;
+}
+
+// ProxyInboundListener describes a per-account inbound listener that the
+// proxy has bound on the embedded netstack of the account's WireGuard
+// client. Surfaced so dashboards can render "this account is reachable
+// at <tunnel_ip>:<https_port> on this proxy".
+message ProxyInboundListener {
+  // Tunnel IP the embedded netstack listens on. Same address other peers
+  // in the account see for the proxy peer.
+  string tunnel_ip = 1;
+  // TLS port served on tunnel_ip (auto-detected, default 443).
+  uint32 https_port = 2;
+  // Plain-HTTP port served on tunnel_ip (auto-detected, default 80).
+  uint32 http_port = 3;
 }
 
 // SendStatusUpdateResponse is intentionally empty to allow for future expansion
@@ -245,4 +371,139 @@ message ValidateSessionResponse {
   string user_id = 2;
   string user_email = 3;
   string denied_reason = 4;
+  // peer_group_ids carries the calling user's group memberships so the
+  // proxy can authorise policy-aware middlewares without an additional
+  // management round-trip.
+  repeated string peer_group_ids = 5;
+  // peer_group_names carries the human-readable display names for the
+  // ids in peer_group_ids, ordered identically (positional pairing).
+  // Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so downstream
+  // services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+  repeated string peer_group_names = 6;
 }
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeerRequest carries the inbound peer's tunnel IP and the
+// service domain whose group requirements should gate access. The calling
+// account is inferred from the proxy's gRPC metadata (ProxyToken).
+message ValidateTunnelPeerRequest {
+  string tunnel_ip = 1;
+  string domain = 2;
+}
+
+// ValidateTunnelPeerResponse mirrors ValidateSessionResponse plus a freshly
+// minted session_token: when valid is true, the proxy installs the token as
+// a session cookie so subsequent requests skip the management round-trip,
+// matching the OIDC flow's UX. denied_reason values:
+//   "peer_not_found" — no peer with that tunnel IP in the calling account
+//   "no_user"        — peer exists but is not bound to a user
+//   "service_not_found"
+//   "account_mismatch"
+//   "not_in_group"   — peer resolved but not in service.access_groups
+message ValidateTunnelPeerResponse {
+  bool valid = 1;
+  string user_id = 2;
+  string user_email = 3;
+  string denied_reason = 4;
+  // session_token is set only when valid is true. Same shape as the JWT
+  // the OIDC flow produces — proxy installs it via setSessionCookie so the
+  // tunnel fast-path is indistinguishable from OIDC for subsequent requests.
+  string session_token = 5;
+  // peer_group_ids carries the resolved peer's user group memberships so
+  // the proxy can authorise policy-aware middlewares without an additional
+  // management round-trip.
+  repeated string peer_group_ids = 6;
+  // peer_group_names carries the human-readable display names for the
+  // ids in peer_group_ids, ordered identically (positional pairing).
+  // Stamped onto upstream requests as X-NetBird-Groups so downstream
+  // services can read names rather than opaque ids.
+  repeated string peer_group_names = 7;
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsRequest is sent by the proxy on the bidirectional SyncMappings
+// stream. The first message MUST be an init; all subsequent messages MUST be
+// acks.
+message SyncMappingsRequest {
+  oneof msg {
+    SyncMappingsInit init = 1;
+    SyncMappingsAck ack = 2;
+  }
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsInit is the first message on the stream, carrying the same
+// identification fields as GetMappingUpdateRequest.
+message SyncMappingsInit {
+  string proxy_id = 1;
+  string version = 2;
+  google.protobuf.Timestamp started_at = 3;
+  string address = 4;
+  ProxyCapabilities capabilities = 5;
+}
+
+// SyncMappingsAck is sent by the proxy after it has fully processed a batch.
+// Management waits for this before sending the next batch.
+message SyncMappingsAck {}
+
+// SyncMappingsResponse is a batch of mappings sent by management.
+// Identical semantics to GetMappingUpdateResponse.
+message SyncMappingsResponse {
+  repeated ProxyMapping mapping = 1;
+  // initial_sync_complete is set on the last message of the initial snapshot.
+  bool initial_sync_complete = 2;
+}
+
+// CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest carries the resolved caller identity and the
+// upstream provider already chosen by llm_router. Management computes which
+// policies authorise the request, picks the one with the most remaining
+// headroom, and returns the attribution decision.
+message CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest {
+  // account_id is the netbird account the request belongs to.
+  string account_id = 1;
+  // user_id is the netbird user id of the caller. May be empty when the
+  // principal is a tunnel-peer that isn't bound to a user; group membership
+  // still gates the request in that case.
+  string user_id = 2;
+  // group_ids is the caller's full group membership at request time.
+  repeated string group_ids = 3;
+  // provider_id is the agent-network provider record id chosen by llm_router.
+  string provider_id = 4;
+  // model is the upstream model identifier extracted from the request body.
+  string model = 5;
+}
+
+// CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse is management's allow-or-deny decision for a
+// pre-flight check.
+message CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse {
+  // decision is "allow" or "deny".
+  string decision = 1;
+  // selected_policy_id names the policy that paid for this request.
+  string selected_policy_id = 2;
+  // attribution_group_id is the source group the request booked against.
+  string attribution_group_id = 3;
+  // window_seconds is the cap window length the selected policy uses.
+  int64 window_seconds = 4;
+  // deny_code is set on decision="deny" with a stable label.
+  string deny_code = 5;
+  // deny_reason is a short human-readable explanation paired with deny_code.
+  string deny_reason = 6;
+}
+
+// RecordLLMUsageRequest is the post-flight increment the proxy posts after
+// the upstream call. Counters are keyed on (account, dimension, window).
+message RecordLLMUsageRequest {
+  string account_id = 1;
+  string user_id = 2;
+  // group_id is the selected policy's attribution group, recorded against the
+  // policy window (window_seconds).
+  string group_id = 3;
+  int64 window_seconds = 4;
+  int64 tokens_input = 5;
+  int64 tokens_output = 6;
+  double cost_usd = 7;
+  // group_ids is the caller's full group membership, used to fan the same
+  // usage out to every applicable account-level budget rule's own window.
+  repeated string group_ids = 8;
+}
+
+message RecordLLMUsageResponse {
+}
+
diff --git a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go
index 627b217d8..76c1f005f 100644
--- a/shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/shared/management/proto/proxy_service_grpc.pb.go
@@ -19,6 +19,14 @@ const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion7
 // For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
 type ProxyServiceClient interface {
 	GetMappingUpdate(ctx context.Context, in *GetMappingUpdateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateClient, error)
+	// SyncMappings is a bidirectional stream that replaces GetMappingUpdate for
+	// new proxies. The proxy sends an initial SyncMappingsRequest to start the
+	// stream and then sends an ack after each batch is fully processed.
+	// Management waits for the ack before sending the next batch, providing
+	// application-level back-pressure during large initial syncs.
+	// Old proxies continue using GetMappingUpdate; old management servers
+	// return Unimplemented for this RPC and proxies fall back.
+	SyncMappings(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (ProxyService_SyncMappingsClient, error)
 	SendAccessLog(ctx context.Context, in *SendAccessLogRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SendAccessLogResponse, error)
 	Authenticate(ctx context.Context, in *AuthenticateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*AuthenticateResponse, error)
 	SendStatusUpdate(ctx context.Context, in *SendStatusUpdateRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SendStatusUpdateResponse, error)
@@ -27,6 +35,24 @@ type ProxyServiceClient interface {
 	// ValidateSession validates a session token and checks user access permissions.
 	// Called by the proxy after receiving a session token from OIDC callback.
 	ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, in *ValidateSessionRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ValidateSessionResponse, error)
+	// ValidateTunnelPeer resolves an inbound peer by its WireGuard tunnel IP and
+	// checks the resolved user's access against the service's access_groups.
+	// Acts as a fast-path equivalent of OIDC for requests originating on the
+	// netbird mesh: when the source IP maps to a known peer in the calling
+	// account and that peer is in the service's access_groups, the proxy can
+	// issue a session cookie without redirecting through the OIDC flow.
+	// Mirrors ValidateSession's response shape.
+	ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, in *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error)
+	// CheckLLMPolicyLimits is the pre-flight RPC the proxy calls before each
+	// LLM request. Management runs the per-policy headroom selection across
+	// every policy authorising the caller's user / groups for the resolved
+	// provider and returns the chosen attribution policy + group, or a deny
+	// when no applicable policy has headroom > 0.
+	CheckLLMPolicyLimits(ctx context.Context, in *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse, error)
+	// RecordLLMUsage is the post-flight RPC the proxy calls after the upstream
+	// returns. Increments the per-(dimension, window) counters for the
+	// attribution policy chosen by CheckLLMPolicyLimits.
+	RecordLLMUsage(ctx context.Context, in *RecordLLMUsageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RecordLLMUsageResponse, error)
 }
 
 type proxyServiceClient struct {
@@ -69,6 +95,37 @@ func (x *proxyServiceGetMappingUpdateClient) Recv() (*GetMappingUpdateResponse,
 	return m, nil
 }
 
+func (c *proxyServiceClient) SyncMappings(ctx context.Context, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (ProxyService_SyncMappingsClient, error) {
+	stream, err := c.cc.NewStream(ctx, &ProxyService_ServiceDesc.Streams[1], "/management.ProxyService/SyncMappings", opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	x := &proxyServiceSyncMappingsClient{stream}
+	return x, nil
+}
+
+type ProxyService_SyncMappingsClient interface {
+	Send(*SyncMappingsRequest) error
+	Recv() (*SyncMappingsResponse, error)
+	grpc.ClientStream
+}
+
+type proxyServiceSyncMappingsClient struct {
+	grpc.ClientStream
+}
+
+func (x *proxyServiceSyncMappingsClient) Send(m *SyncMappingsRequest) error {
+	return x.ClientStream.SendMsg(m)
+}
+
+func (x *proxyServiceSyncMappingsClient) Recv() (*SyncMappingsResponse, error) {
+	m := new(SyncMappingsResponse)
+	if err := x.ClientStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
 func (c *proxyServiceClient) SendAccessLog(ctx context.Context, in *SendAccessLogRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*SendAccessLogResponse, error) {
 	out := new(SendAccessLogResponse)
 	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ProxyService/SendAccessLog", in, out, opts...)
@@ -123,11 +180,46 @@ func (c *proxyServiceClient) ValidateSession(ctx context.Context, in *ValidateSe
 	return out, nil
 }
 
+func (c *proxyServiceClient) ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx context.Context, in *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	out := new(ValidateTunnelPeerResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ProxyService/ValidateTunnelPeer", in, out, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *proxyServiceClient) CheckLLMPolicyLimits(ctx context.Context, in *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse, error) {
+	out := new(CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ProxyService/CheckLLMPolicyLimits", in, out, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *proxyServiceClient) RecordLLMUsage(ctx context.Context, in *RecordLLMUsageRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*RecordLLMUsageResponse, error) {
+	out := new(RecordLLMUsageResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/management.ProxyService/RecordLLMUsage", in, out, opts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
 // ProxyServiceServer is the server API for ProxyService service.
 // All implementations must embed UnimplementedProxyServiceServer
 // for forward compatibility
 type ProxyServiceServer interface {
 	GetMappingUpdate(*GetMappingUpdateRequest, ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer) error
+	// SyncMappings is a bidirectional stream that replaces GetMappingUpdate for
+	// new proxies. The proxy sends an initial SyncMappingsRequest to start the
+	// stream and then sends an ack after each batch is fully processed.
+	// Management waits for the ack before sending the next batch, providing
+	// application-level back-pressure during large initial syncs.
+	// Old proxies continue using GetMappingUpdate; old management servers
+	// return Unimplemented for this RPC and proxies fall back.
+	SyncMappings(ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error
 	SendAccessLog(context.Context, *SendAccessLogRequest) (*SendAccessLogResponse, error)
 	Authenticate(context.Context, *AuthenticateRequest) (*AuthenticateResponse, error)
 	SendStatusUpdate(context.Context, *SendStatusUpdateRequest) (*SendStatusUpdateResponse, error)
@@ -136,6 +228,24 @@ type ProxyServiceServer interface {
 	// ValidateSession validates a session token and checks user access permissions.
 	// Called by the proxy after receiving a session token from OIDC callback.
 	ValidateSession(context.Context, *ValidateSessionRequest) (*ValidateSessionResponse, error)
+	// ValidateTunnelPeer resolves an inbound peer by its WireGuard tunnel IP and
+	// checks the resolved user's access against the service's access_groups.
+	// Acts as a fast-path equivalent of OIDC for requests originating on the
+	// netbird mesh: when the source IP maps to a known peer in the calling
+	// account and that peer is in the service's access_groups, the proxy can
+	// issue a session cookie without redirecting through the OIDC flow.
+	// Mirrors ValidateSession's response shape.
+	ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Context, *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error)
+	// CheckLLMPolicyLimits is the pre-flight RPC the proxy calls before each
+	// LLM request. Management runs the per-policy headroom selection across
+	// every policy authorising the caller's user / groups for the resolved
+	// provider and returns the chosen attribution policy + group, or a deny
+	// when no applicable policy has headroom > 0.
+	CheckLLMPolicyLimits(context.Context, *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) (*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse, error)
+	// RecordLLMUsage is the post-flight RPC the proxy calls after the upstream
+	// returns. Increments the per-(dimension, window) counters for the
+	// attribution policy chosen by CheckLLMPolicyLimits.
+	RecordLLMUsage(context.Context, *RecordLLMUsageRequest) (*RecordLLMUsageResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedProxyServiceServer()
 }
 
@@ -146,6 +256,9 @@ type UnimplementedProxyServiceServer struct {
 func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) GetMappingUpdate(*GetMappingUpdateRequest, ProxyService_GetMappingUpdateServer) error {
 	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetMappingUpdate not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) SyncMappings(ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer) error {
+	return status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SyncMappings not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) SendAccessLog(context.Context, *SendAccessLogRequest) (*SendAccessLogResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SendAccessLog not implemented")
 }
@@ -164,6 +277,15 @@ func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) GetOIDCURL(context.Context, *GetOIDCURLRe
 func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) ValidateSession(context.Context, *ValidateSessionRequest) (*ValidateSessionResponse, error) {
 	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ValidateSession not implemented")
 }
+func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) ValidateTunnelPeer(context.Context, *ValidateTunnelPeerRequest) (*ValidateTunnelPeerResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method ValidateTunnelPeer not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) CheckLLMPolicyLimits(context.Context, *CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest) (*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method CheckLLMPolicyLimits not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) RecordLLMUsage(context.Context, *RecordLLMUsageRequest) (*RecordLLMUsageResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method RecordLLMUsage not implemented")
+}
 func (UnimplementedProxyServiceServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedProxyServiceServer() {}
 
 // UnsafeProxyServiceServer may be embedded to opt out of forward compatibility for this service.
@@ -198,6 +320,32 @@ func (x *proxyServiceGetMappingUpdateServer) Send(m *GetMappingUpdateResponse) e
 	return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)
 }
 
+func _ProxyService_SyncMappings_Handler(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream) error {
+	return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).SyncMappings(&proxyServiceSyncMappingsServer{stream})
+}
+
+type ProxyService_SyncMappingsServer interface {
+	Send(*SyncMappingsResponse) error
+	Recv() (*SyncMappingsRequest, error)
+	grpc.ServerStream
+}
+
+type proxyServiceSyncMappingsServer struct {
+	grpc.ServerStream
+}
+
+func (x *proxyServiceSyncMappingsServer) Send(m *SyncMappingsResponse) error {
+	return x.ServerStream.SendMsg(m)
+}
+
+func (x *proxyServiceSyncMappingsServer) Recv() (*SyncMappingsRequest, error) {
+	m := new(SyncMappingsRequest)
+	if err := x.ServerStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
 func _ProxyService_SendAccessLog_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
 	in := new(SendAccessLogRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
@@ -306,6 +454,60 @@ func _ProxyService_ValidateSession_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context,
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
 
+func _ProxyService_ValidateTunnelPeer_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(ValidateTunnelPeerRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: "/management.ProxyService/ValidateTunnelPeer",
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).ValidateTunnelPeer(ctx, req.(*ValidateTunnelPeerRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+func _ProxyService_CheckLLMPolicyLimits_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).CheckLLMPolicyLimits(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: "/management.ProxyService/CheckLLMPolicyLimits",
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).CheckLLMPolicyLimits(ctx, req.(*CheckLLMPolicyLimitsRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+func _ProxyService_RecordLLMUsage_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(RecordLLMUsageRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).RecordLLMUsage(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: "/management.ProxyService/RecordLLMUsage",
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(ProxyServiceServer).RecordLLMUsage(ctx, req.(*RecordLLMUsageRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
 // ProxyService_ServiceDesc is the grpc.ServiceDesc for ProxyService service.
 // It's only intended for direct use with grpc.RegisterService,
 // and not to be introspected or modified (even as a copy)
@@ -337,6 +539,18 @@ var ProxyService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			MethodName: "ValidateSession",
 			Handler:    _ProxyService_ValidateSession_Handler,
 		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "ValidateTunnelPeer",
+			Handler:    _ProxyService_ValidateTunnelPeer_Handler,
+		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "CheckLLMPolicyLimits",
+			Handler:    _ProxyService_CheckLLMPolicyLimits_Handler,
+		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "RecordLLMUsage",
+			Handler:    _ProxyService_RecordLLMUsage_Handler,
+		},
 	},
 	Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{
 		{
@@ -344,6 +558,12 @@ var ProxyService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 			Handler:       _ProxyService_GetMappingUpdate_Handler,
 			ServerStreams: true,
 		},
+		{
+			StreamName:    "SyncMappings",
+			Handler:       _ProxyService_SyncMappings_Handler,
+			ServerStreams: true,
+			ClientStreams: true,
+		},
 	},
 	Metadata: "proxy_service.proto",
 }
diff --git a/shared/management/status/error.go b/shared/management/status/error.go
index 78288aef3..e31663450 100644
--- a/shared/management/status/error.go
+++ b/shared/management/status/error.go
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@ type Type int32
 var (
 	ErrExtraSettingsNotFound = errors.New("extra settings not found")
 	ErrPeerAlreadyLoggedIn   = errors.New("peer with the same public key is already logged in")
+
+	// ErrNoAuthMethodProvided is returned when a peer login attempt carries neither a
+	// setup key nor an SSO token. Match it with errors.Is.
+	ErrNoAuthMethodProvided = Errorf(Unauthenticated, "no peer auth method provided, please use a setup key or interactive SSO login")
 )
 
 // Error is an internal error
@@ -66,6 +70,16 @@ func (e *Error) Error() string {
 	return e.Message
 }
 
+// Is reports whether target is an *Error with the same type and message,
+// enabling matching with errors.Is against sentinel errors.
+func (e *Error) Is(target error) bool {
+	var t *Error
+	if !errors.As(target, &t) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return e.ErrorType == t.ErrorType && e.Message == t.Message
+}
+
 // Errorf returns Error(ErrorType, fmt.Sprintf(format, a...)).
 func Errorf(errorType Type, format string, a ...interface{}) error {
 	return &Error{
@@ -205,6 +219,26 @@ func NewNetworkResourceNotFoundError(resourceID string) error {
 	return Errorf(NotFound, "network resource: %s not found", resourceID)
 }
 
+// NewAgentNetworkProviderNotFoundError creates a new Error with NotFound type for a missing Agent Network provider.
+func NewAgentNetworkProviderNotFoundError(providerID string) error {
+	return Errorf(NotFound, "agent network provider: %s not found", providerID)
+}
+
+// NewAgentNetworkPolicyNotFoundError creates a new Error with NotFound type for a missing Agent Network policy.
+func NewAgentNetworkPolicyNotFoundError(policyID string) error {
+	return Errorf(NotFound, "agent network policy: %s not found", policyID)
+}
+
+// NewAgentNetworkGuardrailNotFoundError creates a new Error with NotFound type for a missing Agent Network guardrail.
+func NewAgentNetworkGuardrailNotFoundError(guardrailID string) error {
+	return Errorf(NotFound, "agent network guardrail: %s not found", guardrailID)
+}
+
+// NewAgentNetworkBudgetRuleNotFoundError creates a new Error with NotFound type for a missing Agent Network budget rule.
+func NewAgentNetworkBudgetRuleNotFoundError(ruleID string) error {
+	return Errorf(NotFound, "agent network budget rule: %s not found", ruleID)
+}
+
 // NewPermissionDeniedError creates a new Error with PermissionDenied type for a permission denied error.
 func NewPermissionDeniedError() error {
 	return Errorf(PermissionDenied, "permission denied")
diff --git a/shared/management/types/firewall_helpers.go b/shared/management/types/firewall_helpers.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9357d24a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/types/firewall_helpers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/version"
+)
+
+const (
+	firewallRuleMinPortRangesVer = "0.48.0"
+	firewallRuleMinNativeSSHVer  = "0.60.0"
+
+	nativeSSHPortString  = "22022"
+	nativeSSHPortNumber  = 22022
+	defaultSSHPortString = "22"
+	defaultSSHPortNumber = 22
+)
+
+type supportedFeatures struct {
+	nativeSSH  bool
+	portRanges bool
+}
+
+type LookupMap map[string]struct{}
+
+// ExpandPortsAndRanges expands Ports and PortRanges of a rule into individual firewall rules.
+func ExpandPortsAndRanges(base FirewallRule, rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, peer *nmdata.Peer) []*FirewallRule {
+	features := peerSupportedFirewallFeatures(peer.Meta.WtVersion)
+
+	var expanded []*FirewallRule
+
+	for _, port := range rule.Ports {
+		fr := base
+		fr.Port = port
+		expanded = append(expanded, &fr)
+	}
+
+	for _, portRange := range rule.PortRanges {
+		if len(rule.Ports) > 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		fr := base
+
+		if features.portRanges {
+			fr.PortRange = RulePortRange{Start: portRange.Start, End: portRange.End}
+		} else {
+			if portRange.Start != portRange.End {
+				continue
+			}
+			fr.Port = strconv.FormatUint(uint64(portRange.Start), 10)
+		}
+		expanded = append(expanded, &fr)
+	}
+
+	if shouldCheckRulesForNativeSSH(features.nativeSSH, rule, peer) || rule.Protocol == string(PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH) {
+		expanded = addNativeSSHRule(base, expanded)
+	}
+
+	return expanded
+}
+
+func addNativeSSHRule(base FirewallRule, expanded []*FirewallRule) []*FirewallRule {
+	shouldAdd := false
+	for _, fr := range expanded {
+		if isPortInRule(nativeSSHPortString, 22022, fr) {
+			return expanded
+		}
+		if isPortInRule(defaultSSHPortString, 22, fr) {
+			shouldAdd = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !shouldAdd {
+		return expanded
+	}
+
+	fr := base
+	fr.Port = nativeSSHPortString
+	return append(expanded, &fr)
+}
+
+func isPortInRule(portString string, portInt uint16, rule *FirewallRule) bool {
+	return rule.Port == portString || (rule.PortRange.Start <= portInt && portInt <= rule.PortRange.End)
+}
+
+func shouldCheckRulesForNativeSSH(supportsNative bool, rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, peer *nmdata.Peer) bool {
+	return supportsNative && peer.SSHEnabled && peer.Meta.Flags.ServerSSHAllowed && rule.Protocol == string(PolicyRuleProtocolTCP)
+}
+
+func peerSupportedFirewallFeatures(peerVer string) supportedFeatures {
+	if version.IsDevelopmentVersion(peerVer) {
+		return supportedFeatures{true, true}
+	}
+
+	var features supportedFeatures
+
+	meetMinVer, err := version.MeetsMinVersion(firewallRuleMinNativeSSHVer, peerVer)
+	features.nativeSSH = err == nil && meetMinVer
+
+	if features.nativeSSH {
+		features.portRanges = true
+	} else {
+		meetMinVer, err = version.MeetsMinVersion(firewallRuleMinPortRangesVer, peerVer)
+		features.portRanges = err == nil && meetMinVer
+	}
+
+	return features
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/firewall_rule.go b/shared/management/types/firewall_rule.go
similarity index 56%
rename from management/server/types/firewall_rule.go
rename to shared/management/types/firewall_rule.go
index 19222a607..2efedf625 100644
--- a/management/server/types/firewall_rule.go
+++ b/shared/management/types/firewall_rule.go
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
 	nbroute "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -47,44 +47,83 @@ func (r *FirewallRule) Equal(other *FirewallRule) bool {
 	return reflect.DeepEqual(r, other)
 }
 
-// generateRouteFirewallRules generates a list of firewall rules for a given route.
-func generateRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, route *nbroute.Route, rule *PolicyRule, groupPeers []*nbpeer.Peer, direction int) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+// GenerateRouteFirewallRules generates a list of firewall rules for a given route.
+// For static routes, source ranges match the destination family (v4 or v6).
+// For dynamic routes (domain-based), separate v4 and v6 rules are generated
+// so the routing peer's forwarding chain allows both address families.
+func GenerateRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, route *nmdata.Route, rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, groupPeers []*nmdata.Peer, direction int, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
 	rulesExists := make(map[string]struct{})
 	rules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
 
-	sourceRanges := make([]string, 0, len(groupPeers))
-	for _, peer := range groupPeers {
-		if peer == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		sourceRanges = append(sourceRanges, fmt.Sprintf(AllowedIPsFormat, peer.IP))
+	v4Sources, v6Sources := splitPeerSourcesByFamily(groupPeers)
+
+	isV6Route := route.Network.Addr().Is6()
+
+	// Skip v6 destination routes entirely for peers without IPv6 support
+	if isV6Route && !includeIPv6 {
+		return rules
+	}
+
+	// Pick sources matching the destination family
+	sourceRanges := v4Sources
+	if isV6Route {
+		sourceRanges = v6Sources
 	}
 
 	baseRule := RouteFirewallRule{
 		PolicyID:     rule.PolicyID,
-		RouteID:      route.ID,
+		RouteID:      nbroute.ID(route.ID),
 		SourceRanges: sourceRanges,
-		Action:       string(rule.Action),
+		Action:       rule.Action,
 		Destination:  route.Network.String(),
-		Protocol:     string(rule.Protocol),
+		Protocol:     rule.Protocol,
 		Domains:      route.Domains,
 		IsDynamic:    route.IsDynamic(),
 	}
 
-	// generate rule for port range
 	if len(rule.Ports) == 0 {
 		rules = append(rules, generateRulesWithPortRanges(baseRule, rule, rulesExists)...)
 	} else {
 		rules = append(rules, generateRulesWithPorts(ctx, baseRule, rule, rulesExists)...)
 	}
 
-	// TODO: generate IPv6 rules for dynamic routes
+	// Generate v6 counterpart for dynamic routes and 0.0.0.0/0 exit node routes.
+	isDefaultV4 := !isV6Route && route.Network.Bits() == 0
+	if includeIPv6 && (route.IsDynamic() || isDefaultV4) && len(v6Sources) > 0 {
+		v6Rule := baseRule
+		v6Rule.SourceRanges = v6Sources
+		if isDefaultV4 {
+			v6Rule.Destination = "::/0"
+			v6Rule.RouteID = nbroute.ID(route.ID + "-v6-default")
+		}
+		if len(rule.Ports) == 0 {
+			rules = append(rules, generateRulesWithPortRanges(v6Rule, rule, rulesExists)...)
+		} else {
+			rules = append(rules, generateRulesWithPorts(ctx, v6Rule, rule, rulesExists)...)
+		}
+	}
 
 	return rules
 }
 
+// splitPeerSourcesByFamily separates peer IPs into v4 (/32) and v6 (/128) source ranges.
+func splitPeerSourcesByFamily(groupPeers []*nmdata.Peer) (v4, v6 []string) {
+	v4 = make([]string, 0, len(groupPeers))
+	v6 = make([]string, 0, len(groupPeers))
+	for _, peer := range groupPeers {
+		if peer == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		v4 = append(v4, fmt.Sprintf(AllowedIPsFormat, peer.IP))
+		if peer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+			v6 = append(v6, fmt.Sprintf(AllowedIPsV6Format, peer.IPv6))
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
 // generateRulesForPeer generates rules for a given peer based on ports and port ranges.
-func generateRulesWithPortRanges(baseRule RouteFirewallRule, rule *PolicyRule, rulesExists map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+func generateRulesWithPortRanges(baseRule RouteFirewallRule, rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, rulesExists map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
 	rules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
 
 	ruleIDBase := generateRuleIDBase(rule, baseRule)
@@ -100,7 +139,7 @@ func generateRulesWithPortRanges(baseRule RouteFirewallRule, rule *PolicyRule, r
 				if _, ok := rulesExists[ruleID]; !ok {
 					rulesExists[ruleID] = struct{}{}
 					pr := baseRule
-					pr.PortRange = portRange
+					pr.PortRange = RulePortRange{Start: portRange.Start, End: portRange.End}
 					rules = append(rules, &pr)
 				}
 			}
@@ -112,7 +151,7 @@ func generateRulesWithPortRanges(baseRule RouteFirewallRule, rule *PolicyRule, r
 }
 
 // generateRulesWithPorts generates rules when specific ports are provided.
-func generateRulesWithPorts(ctx context.Context, baseRule RouteFirewallRule, rule *PolicyRule, rulesExists map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+func generateRulesWithPorts(ctx context.Context, baseRule RouteFirewallRule, rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, rulesExists map[string]struct{}) []*RouteFirewallRule {
 	rules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
 	ruleIDBase := generateRuleIDBase(rule, baseRule)
 
@@ -138,6 +177,6 @@ func generateRulesWithPorts(ctx context.Context, baseRule RouteFirewallRule, rul
 }
 
 // generateRuleIDBase generates the base rule ID for checking duplicates.
-func generateRuleIDBase(rule *PolicyRule, baseRule RouteFirewallRule) string {
+func generateRuleIDBase(rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, baseRule RouteFirewallRule) string {
 	return rule.ID + strings.Join(baseRule.SourceRanges, ",") + strconv.Itoa(FirewallRuleDirectionIN) + baseRule.Protocol + baseRule.Action
 }
diff --git a/shared/management/types/firewall_rule_test.go b/shared/management/types/firewall_rule_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96fef3bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/types/firewall_rule_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+func TestSplitPeerSourcesByFamily(t *testing.T) {
+	peers := []*nmdata.Peer{
+		{
+			IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+			IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+		},
+		{
+			IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2"),
+		},
+		{
+			IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.3"),
+			IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::3"),
+		},
+		nil,
+	}
+
+	v4, v6 := splitPeerSourcesByFamily(peers)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "100.64.0.2/32", "100.64.0.3/32"}, v4)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"fd00::1/128", "fd00::3/128"}, v6)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRouteFirewallRules_V4Route(t *testing.T) {
+	peers := []*nmdata.Peer{
+		{
+			IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+			IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+		},
+		{
+			IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	r := &nmdata.Route{
+		ID:      "route1",
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24"),
+	}
+	rule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{
+		PolicyID: "policy1",
+		ID:       "rule1",
+		Action:   string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+		Protocol: string(PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+	}
+
+	rules := GenerateRouteFirewallRules(context.Background(), r, rule, peers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, true)
+
+	require.Len(t, rules, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "100.64.0.2/32"}, rules[0].SourceRanges, "v4 route should only have v4 sources")
+	assert.Equal(t, "10.0.0.0/24", rules[0].Destination)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRouteFirewallRules_V6Route(t *testing.T) {
+	peers := []*nmdata.Peer{
+		{
+			IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+			IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+		},
+		{
+			IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	r := &nmdata.Route{
+		ID:      "route1",
+		Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/32"),
+	}
+	rule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{
+		PolicyID: "policy1",
+		ID:       "rule1",
+		Action:   string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+		Protocol: string(PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+	}
+
+	rules := GenerateRouteFirewallRules(context.Background(), r, rule, peers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, true)
+
+	require.Len(t, rules, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"fd00::1/128"}, rules[0].SourceRanges, "v6 route should only have v6 sources")
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRouteFirewallRules_DynamicRoute_DualStack(t *testing.T) {
+	peers := []*nmdata.Peer{
+		{
+			IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+			IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+		},
+		{
+			IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	r := &nmdata.Route{
+		ID:          "route1",
+		NetworkType: nmdata.NetworkTypeDomain,
+		Domains:     domain.List{"example.com"},
+	}
+	rule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{
+		PolicyID: "policy1",
+		ID:       "rule1",
+		Action:   string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+		Protocol: string(PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+	}
+
+	rules := GenerateRouteFirewallRules(context.Background(), r, rule, peers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, true)
+
+	require.Len(t, rules, 2, "dynamic route should produce both v4 and v6 rules")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "100.64.0.2/32"}, rules[0].SourceRanges)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"fd00::1/128"}, rules[1].SourceRanges)
+	assert.Equal(t, rules[0].Domains, rules[1].Domains)
+	assert.True(t, rules[0].IsDynamic)
+	assert.True(t, rules[1].IsDynamic)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRouteFirewallRules_DynamicRoute_NoV6Peers(t *testing.T) {
+	peers := []*nmdata.Peer{
+		{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1")},
+		{IP: netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2")},
+	}
+
+	r := &nmdata.Route{
+		ID:          "route1",
+		NetworkType: nmdata.NetworkTypeDomain,
+		Domains:     domain.List{"example.com"},
+	}
+	rule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{
+		PolicyID: "policy1",
+		ID:       "rule1",
+		Action:   string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+		Protocol: string(PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+	}
+
+	rules := GenerateRouteFirewallRules(context.Background(), r, rule, peers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, true)
+
+	require.Len(t, rules, 1, "no v6 peers means only v4 rule")
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "100.64.0.2/32"}, rules[0].SourceRanges)
+}
+
+func TestGenerateRouteFirewallRules_IncludeIPv6False(t *testing.T) {
+	peers := []*nmdata.Peer{
+		{
+			IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.1"),
+			IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"),
+		},
+		{
+			IP:   netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.2"),
+			IPv6: netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"),
+		},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("v6 route excluded", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &nmdata.Route{
+			ID:      "route1",
+			Network: netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/32"),
+		}
+		rule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{
+			PolicyID: "policy1",
+			ID:       "rule1",
+			Action:   string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+			Protocol: string(PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+		}
+
+		rules := GenerateRouteFirewallRules(context.Background(), r, rule, peers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, false)
+		assert.Empty(t, rules, "v6 route should produce no rules when includeIPv6 is false")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("dynamic route only v4", func(t *testing.T) {
+		r := &nmdata.Route{
+			ID:          "route1",
+			NetworkType: nmdata.NetworkTypeDomain,
+			Domains:     domain.List{"example.com"},
+		}
+		rule := &nmdata.PolicyRule{
+			PolicyID: "policy1",
+			ID:       "rule1",
+			Action:   string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+			Protocol: string(PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+		}
+
+		rules := GenerateRouteFirewallRules(context.Background(), r, rule, peers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, false)
+		require.Len(t, rules, 1, "dynamic route with includeIPv6=false should produce only v4 rule")
+		assert.Equal(t, []string{"100.64.0.1/32", "100.64.0.2/32"}, rules[0].SourceRanges)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/types/network.go b/shared/management/types/network.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1269bac4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/types/network.go
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+const (
+	// AllowedIPsFormat generates Wireguard AllowedIPs format (e.g. 100.64.30.1/32)
+	AllowedIPsFormat = "%s/32"
+	// AllowedIPsV6Format generates AllowedIPs format for v6 (e.g. fd12:3456:7890::1/128)
+	AllowedIPsV6Format = "%s/128"
+)
+
+type NetworkMap struct {
+	Peers               []*nmdata.Peer
+	Network             *nmdata.Network
+	Routes              []*nmdata.Route
+	DNSConfig           nbdns.Config
+	OfflinePeers        []*nmdata.Peer
+	FirewallRules       []*FirewallRule
+	RoutesFirewallRules []*RouteFirewallRule
+	ForwardingRules     []*ForwardingRule
+	AuthorizedUsers     map[string]map[string]struct{}
+	EnableSSH           bool
+	// ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution forces the peer to run/use routing-peer DNS
+	// resolution regardless of the account-global setting, for reverse-proxy
+	// domain targets.
+	ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution bool
+}
+
+func (nm *NetworkMap) Merge(other *NetworkMap) {
+	nm.Peers = mergeUniquePeersByID(nm.Peers, other.Peers)
+	nm.Routes = mergeUnique(nm.Routes, other.Routes)
+	nm.OfflinePeers = mergeUniquePeersByID(nm.OfflinePeers, other.OfflinePeers)
+	nm.FirewallRules = mergeUnique(nm.FirewallRules, other.FirewallRules)
+	nm.RoutesFirewallRules = mergeUnique(nm.RoutesFirewallRules, other.RoutesFirewallRules)
+	nm.ForwardingRules = mergeUnique(nm.ForwardingRules, other.ForwardingRules)
+	nm.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution = nm.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution || other.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution
+}
+
+func mergeUniquePeersByID(peers1, peers2 []*nmdata.Peer) []*nmdata.Peer {
+	result := make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer)
+	for _, peer := range peers1 {
+		result[peer.ID] = peer
+	}
+	for _, peer := range peers2 {
+		if _, ok := result[peer.ID]; !ok {
+			result[peer.ID] = peer
+		}
+	}
+
+	return maps.Values(result)
+}
+
+type ForwardingRule struct {
+	RuleProtocol      string
+	DestinationPorts  RulePortRange
+	TranslatedAddress net.IP
+	TranslatedPorts   RulePortRange
+}
+
+func (f *ForwardingRule) ToProto() *proto.ForwardingRule {
+	var protocol proto.RuleProtocol
+	switch f.RuleProtocol {
+	case "icmp":
+		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_ICMP
+	case "tcp":
+		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_TCP
+	case "udp":
+		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_UDP
+	case "all":
+		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_ALL
+	default:
+		protocol = proto.RuleProtocol_UNKNOWN
+	}
+	return &proto.ForwardingRule{
+		Protocol:          protocol,
+		DestinationPort:   f.DestinationPorts.ToProto(),
+		TranslatedAddress: ipToBytes(f.TranslatedAddress),
+		TranslatedPort:    f.TranslatedPorts.ToProto(),
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *ForwardingRule) Equal(other *ForwardingRule) bool {
+	return f.RuleProtocol == other.RuleProtocol &&
+		f.DestinationPorts.Equal(&other.DestinationPorts) &&
+		f.TranslatedAddress.Equal(other.TranslatedAddress) &&
+		f.TranslatedPorts.Equal(&other.TranslatedPorts)
+}
+
+func ipToBytes(ip net.IP) []byte {
+	if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
+		return ip4
+	}
+	return ip.To16()
+}
+
+type comparableObject[T any] interface {
+	Equal(other T) bool
+}
+
+func mergeUnique[T comparableObject[T]](arr1, arr2 []T) []T {
+	var result []T
+
+	for _, item := range arr1 {
+		if !containsEqual(result, item) {
+			result = append(result, item)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, item := range arr2 {
+		if !containsEqual(result, item) {
+			result = append(result, item)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+func containsEqual[T comparableObject[T]](slice []T, element T) bool {
+	for _, item := range slice {
+		if item.Equal(element) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/types/network_test.go b/shared/management/types/network_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..631f38836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/types/network_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+type mergeTestObject struct {
+	value int
+}
+
+func (t mergeTestObject) Equal(other mergeTestObject) bool {
+	return t.value == other.value
+}
+
+func Test_MergeUniqueArraysWithoutDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	arr1 := []mergeTestObject{{value: 1}, {value: 2}}
+	arr2 := []mergeTestObject{{value: 2}, {value: 3}}
+	result := mergeUnique(arr1, arr2)
+	assert.Len(t, result, 3)
+	assert.Contains(t, result, mergeTestObject{value: 1})
+	assert.Contains(t, result, mergeTestObject{value: 2})
+	assert.Contains(t, result, mergeTestObject{value: 3})
+}
+
+func Test_MergeUniqueHandlesEmptyArrays(t *testing.T) {
+	arr1 := []mergeTestObject{}
+	arr2 := []mergeTestObject{}
+	result := mergeUnique(arr1, arr2)
+	assert.Empty(t, result)
+}
+
+func Test_MergeUniqueHandlesOneEmptyArray(t *testing.T) {
+	arr1 := []mergeTestObject{{value: 1}, {value: 2}}
+	arr2 := []mergeTestObject{}
+	result := mergeUnique(arr1, arr2)
+	assert.Len(t, result, 2)
+	assert.Contains(t, result, mergeTestObject{value: 1})
+	assert.Contains(t, result, mergeTestObject{value: 2})
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/types/networkmap_components.go b/shared/management/types/networkmap_components.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e18db4ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/types/networkmap_components.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1049 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"maps"
+	"net/netip"
+	"slices"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/ssh/auth"
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/domain"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+type NetworkMapComponents struct {
+	PeerID string
+
+	Network          *nmdata.Network
+	AccountSettings  *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo
+	DNSSettings      *nmdata.DNSSettings
+	CustomZoneDomain string
+
+	Peers               map[string]*nmdata.Peer
+	Groups              map[string]*nmdata.Group
+	Policies            []*nmdata.Policy
+	Routes              []*nmdata.Route
+	NameServerGroups    []*nmdata.NameServerGroup
+	AllDNSRecords       []nmdata.SimpleRecord
+	AccountZones        []nmdata.CustomZone
+	ResourcePoliciesMap map[string][]*nmdata.Policy
+	RoutersMap          map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter
+	NetworkResources    []*nmdata.NetworkResource
+
+	GroupIDToUserIDs   map[string][]string
+	AllowedUserIDs     map[string]struct{}
+	PostureFailedPeers map[string]map[string]struct{}
+
+	RouterPeers map[string]*nmdata.Peer
+
+	// NetworkXIDToPublicID maps Network.ID (xid) → PublicID.
+	// Consumed by the envelope encoder to
+	// translate RoutersMap keys and NetworkResource.NetworkID references
+	// to compact uint32 ids. Legacy Calculate() doesn't consult it.
+	NetworkXIDToPublicID map[string]string
+
+	// PostureCheckXIDToPublicID maps posture.Checks.ID (xid) → PublicID.
+	// Same role as NetworkXIDToPublicID, used for PostureFailedPeers keys and
+	// policy SourcePostureChecks references.
+	PostureCheckXIDToPublicID map[string]string
+
+	// ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution forces the peer to run/use routing-peer DNS
+	// resolution regardless of the account-global setting, for reverse-proxy
+	// domain targets.
+	ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution bool
+
+	routesByPeerOnce sync.Once
+	routesByPeerIdx  map[string][]routeIndexEntry
+
+	// true when returning an empty-like map (returned instead of nil)
+	empty bool
+}
+
+type routeIndexEntry struct {
+	route    *nmdata.Route
+	viaGroup bool
+}
+
+type AccountSettingsInfo struct {
+	PeerLoginExpirationEnabled      bool
+	PeerLoginExpiration             time.Duration
+	PeerInactivityExpirationEnabled bool
+	PeerInactivityExpiration        time.Duration
+}
+
+func EmptyNetworkMapComponents(nm *NetworkMapComponents) *NetworkMapComponents {
+	nm.empty = true
+	return nm
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetPeerInfo(peerID string) *nmdata.Peer {
+	return c.Peers[peerID]
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetRouterPeerInfo(peerID string) *nmdata.Peer {
+	return c.RouterPeers[peerID]
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetGroupInfo(groupID string) *nmdata.Group {
+	return c.Groups[groupID]
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) IsPeerInGroup(peerID, groupID string) bool {
+	group := c.GetGroupInfo(groupID)
+	if group == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID)
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) GetPeerGroups(peerID string) map[string]struct{} {
+	groups := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for groupID, group := range c.Groups {
+		if slices.Contains(group.Peers, peerID) {
+			groups[groupID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return groups
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) ValidatePostureChecksOnPeer(peerID string, postureCheckIDs []string) bool {
+	_, exists := c.Peers[peerID]
+	if !exists {
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(postureCheckIDs) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	for _, checkID := range postureCheckIDs {
+		if failedPeers, exists := c.PostureFailedPeers[checkID]; exists {
+			if _, failed := failedPeers[peerID]; failed {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func CalculateNetworkMapFromComponents(ctx context.Context, components *NetworkMapComponents) *NetworkMap {
+	return components.Calculate(ctx)
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) Calculate(ctx context.Context) *NetworkMap {
+	targetPeerID := c.PeerID
+
+	peerGroups := c.GetPeerGroups(targetPeerID)
+
+	aclPeers, firewallRules, authorizedUsers, sshEnabled := c.getPeerConnectionResources(targetPeerID)
+
+	peersToConnect, expiredPeers := c.filterPeersByLoginExpiration(aclPeers)
+
+	includeIPv6 := false
+	if p := c.GetPeerInfo(targetPeerID); p != nil {
+		includeIPv6 = p.SupportsIPv6() && p.IPv6.IsValid()
+	}
+	routesUpdate := filterAndExpandRoutes(c.getRoutesToSync(targetPeerID, peersToConnect, peerGroups), includeIPv6)
+	routesFirewallRules := c.getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx, targetPeerID, includeIPv6)
+
+	isRouter, networkResourcesRoutes, sourcePeers := c.getNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(targetPeerID)
+	var networkResourcesFirewallRules []*RouteFirewallRule
+	if isRouter {
+		networkResourcesFirewallRules = c.getPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx, targetPeerID, networkResourcesRoutes, includeIPv6)
+	}
+
+	peersToConnectIncludingRouters := c.addNetworksRoutingPeers(
+		networkResourcesRoutes,
+		targetPeerID,
+		peersToConnect,
+		expiredPeers,
+		isRouter,
+		sourcePeers,
+	)
+
+	dnsManagementStatus := c.getPeerDNSManagementStatusFromGroups(peerGroups)
+	dnsUpdate := nbdns.Config{
+		ServiceEnable: dnsManagementStatus,
+	}
+
+	if dnsManagementStatus {
+		var customZones []nbdns.CustomZone
+
+		if c.CustomZoneDomain != "" && len(c.AllDNSRecords) > 0 {
+			customZones = append(customZones, nbdns.CustomZone{
+				Domain:  c.CustomZoneDomain,
+				Records: toRealRecords(c.AllDNSRecords),
+			})
+		}
+
+		customZones = append(customZones, toRealZones(c.AccountZones)...)
+
+		dnsUpdate.CustomZones = customZones
+		dnsUpdate.NameServerGroups = c.getPeerNSGroupsFromGroups(targetPeerID, peerGroups)
+	}
+
+	return &NetworkMap{
+		Peers:               peersToConnectIncludingRouters,
+		Network:             c.Network,
+		Routes:              append(filterAndExpandRoutes(networkResourcesRoutes, includeIPv6), routesUpdate...),
+		DNSConfig:           dnsUpdate,
+		OfflinePeers:        expiredPeers,
+		FirewallRules:       firewallRules,
+		RoutesFirewallRules: append(networkResourcesFirewallRules, routesFirewallRules...),
+		AuthorizedUsers:     authorizedUsers,
+		EnableSSH:           sshEnabled,
+
+		ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution: c.ForceRoutingPeerDNSResolution,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) IsEmpty() bool {
+	return c.empty
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerConnectionResources(targetPeerID string) ([]*nmdata.Peer, []*FirewallRule, map[string]map[string]struct{}, bool) {
+	targetPeer := c.GetPeerInfo(targetPeerID)
+	if targetPeer == nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, false
+	}
+
+	generateResources, getAccumulatedResources := c.connResourcesGenerator(targetPeer)
+	authorizedUsers := make(map[string]map[string]struct{})
+	sshEnabled := false
+
+	for _, policy := range c.Policies {
+		if policy == nil || !policy.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if rule == nil || !rule.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			var sourcePeers, destinationPeers []*nmdata.Peer
+			var peerInSources, peerInDestinations bool
+
+			if rule.SourceResource.Type == string(ResourceTypePeer) && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
+				sourcePeers, peerInSources = c.getPeerFromResource(rule.SourceResource, targetPeerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks)
+			} else {
+				sourcePeers, peerInSources = c.getAllPeersFromGroups(rule.Sources, targetPeerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks)
+			}
+
+			if rule.DestinationResource.Type == string(ResourceTypePeer) && rule.DestinationResource.ID != "" {
+				destinationPeers, peerInDestinations = c.getPeerFromResource(rule.DestinationResource, targetPeerID, nil)
+			} else {
+				destinationPeers, peerInDestinations = c.getAllPeersFromGroups(rule.Destinations, targetPeerID, nil)
+			}
+
+			if rule.Bidirectional {
+				if peerInSources {
+					generateResources(rule, destinationPeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN)
+				}
+				if peerInDestinations {
+					generateResources(rule, sourcePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionOUT)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if peerInSources {
+				generateResources(rule, destinationPeers, FirewallRuleDirectionOUT)
+			}
+
+			if peerInDestinations {
+				generateResources(rule, sourcePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN)
+			}
+
+			if peerInDestinations && rule.Protocol == string(PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH) {
+				sshEnabled = true
+				switch {
+				case len(rule.AuthorizedGroups) > 0:
+					for groupID, localUsers := range rule.AuthorizedGroups {
+						userIDs, ok := c.GroupIDToUserIDs[groupID]
+						if !ok {
+							continue
+						}
+
+						if len(localUsers) == 0 {
+							localUsers = []string{auth.Wildcard}
+						}
+
+						for _, localUser := range localUsers {
+							if authorizedUsers[localUser] == nil {
+								authorizedUsers[localUser] = make(map[string]struct{})
+							}
+							for _, userID := range userIDs {
+								authorizedUsers[localUser][userID] = struct{}{}
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				case rule.AuthorizedUser != "":
+					if authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] == nil {
+						authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = make(map[string]struct{})
+					}
+					authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard][rule.AuthorizedUser] = struct{}{}
+				default:
+					authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = c.getAllowedUserIDs()
+				}
+			} else if peerInDestinations && nmdata.PolicyRuleImpliesLegacySSH(rule) && targetPeer.SSHEnabled {
+				sshEnabled = true
+				authorizedUsers[auth.Wildcard] = c.getAllowedUserIDs()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	peers, fwRules := getAccumulatedResources()
+	return peers, fwRules, authorizedUsers, sshEnabled
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getAllowedUserIDs() map[string]struct{} {
+	if c.AllowedUserIDs != nil {
+		result := make(map[string]struct{}, len(c.AllowedUserIDs))
+		maps.Copy(result, c.AllowedUserIDs)
+		return result
+	}
+	return make(map[string]struct{})
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) connResourcesGenerator(targetPeer *nmdata.Peer) (func(*nmdata.PolicyRule, []*nmdata.Peer, int), func() ([]*nmdata.Peer, []*FirewallRule)) {
+	rulesExists := make(map[string]struct{})
+	peersExists := make(map[string]struct{})
+	rules := make([]*FirewallRule, 0)
+	peers := make([]*nmdata.Peer, 0)
+
+	return func(rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, groupPeers []*nmdata.Peer, direction int) {
+			protocol := rule.Protocol
+			if protocol == string(PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH) {
+				protocol = string(PolicyRuleProtocolTCP)
+			}
+
+			protocolStr := protocol
+			actionStr := string(rule.Action)
+			dirStr := strconv.Itoa(direction)
+			portsJoined := strings.Join(rule.Ports, ",")
+
+			for _, peer := range groupPeers {
+				if peer == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if _, ok := peersExists[peer.ID]; !ok {
+					peers = append(peers, peer)
+					peersExists[peer.ID] = struct{}{}
+				}
+
+				peerIP := peer.IP.String()
+
+				fr := FirewallRule{
+					PolicyID:  rule.ID,
+					PeerIP:    peerIP,
+					Direction: direction,
+					Action:    actionStr,
+					Protocol:  protocolStr,
+				}
+
+				ruleID := rule.ID + peerIP + dirStr +
+					protocolStr + actionStr + portsJoined
+				if _, ok := rulesExists[ruleID]; ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				rulesExists[ruleID] = struct{}{}
+
+				if len(rule.Ports) == 0 && len(rule.PortRanges) == 0 {
+					rules = append(rules, &fr)
+				} else {
+					rules = append(rules, ExpandPortsAndRanges(fr, rule, targetPeer)...)
+				}
+
+				rules = AppendIPv6FirewallRule(rules, rulesExists, peer, targetPeer, rule, FirewallRuleContext{
+					Direction:   direction,
+					DirStr:      dirStr,
+					ProtocolStr: protocolStr,
+					ActionStr:   actionStr,
+					PortsJoined: portsJoined,
+				})
+			}
+		}, func() ([]*nmdata.Peer, []*FirewallRule) {
+			return peers, rules
+		}
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getAllPeersFromGroups(groups []string, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string) ([]*nmdata.Peer, bool) {
+	return c.filterPolicyPeers(c.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(groups), peerID, sourcePostureChecksIDs)
+}
+
+// getPeerFromResource resolves a rule side that names a peer directly. The peer is
+// subject to the same admission as a group member, so a direct peer behaves exactly
+// like a group holding only that peer.
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerFromResource(resource nmdata.Resource, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string) ([]*nmdata.Peer, bool) {
+	return c.filterPolicyPeers([]string{resource.ID}, peerID, sourcePostureChecksIDs)
+}
+
+// filterPolicyPeers admits the peers of one rule side: known to the components and
+// passing the rule's posture checks. It reports the admitted peers other than peerID
+// and whether peerID itself is admitted on that side.
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) filterPolicyPeers(uniquePeerIDs []string, peerID string, sourcePostureChecksIDs []string) ([]*nmdata.Peer, bool) {
+	peerInGroups := false
+	filteredPeers := make([]*nmdata.Peer, 0, len(uniquePeerIDs))
+
+	for _, p := range uniquePeerIDs {
+		peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(p)
+		if peerInfo == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if _, ok := c.Peers[p]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !c.ValidatePostureChecksOnPeer(p, sourcePostureChecksIDs) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if p == peerID {
+			peerInGroups = true
+			continue
+		}
+
+		filteredPeers = append(filteredPeers, peerInfo)
+	}
+
+	return filteredPeers, peerInGroups
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(groups []string) []string {
+	peerIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(groups))
+	for _, groupID := range groups {
+		group := c.GetGroupInfo(groupID)
+		if group == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if group.IsGroupAll() || len(groups) == 1 {
+			return group.Peers
+		}
+
+		for _, peerID := range group.Peers {
+			peerIDs[peerID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(peerIDs))
+	for peerID := range peerIDs {
+		ids = append(ids, peerID)
+	}
+
+	return ids
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) filterPeersByLoginExpiration(aclPeers []*nmdata.Peer) ([]*nmdata.Peer, []*nmdata.Peer) {
+	peersToConnect := make([]*nmdata.Peer, 0, len(aclPeers))
+	var expiredPeers []*nmdata.Peer
+
+	for _, p := range aclPeers {
+		expired, _ := p.LoginExpired(c.AccountSettings.PeerLoginExpiration)
+		if c.AccountSettings.PeerLoginExpirationEnabled && expired {
+			expiredPeers = append(expiredPeers, p)
+			continue
+		}
+		peersToConnect = append(peersToConnect, p)
+	}
+
+	return peersToConnect, expiredPeers
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerDNSManagementStatusFromGroups(peerGroups map[string]struct{}) bool {
+	for _, groupID := range c.DNSSettings.DisabledManagementGroups {
+		if _, found := peerGroups[groupID]; found {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerNSGroupsFromGroups(peerID string, groupList map[string]struct{}) []*nbdns.NameServerGroup {
+	var peerNSGroups []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
+
+	targetPeerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(peerID)
+	if targetPeerInfo == nil {
+		return peerNSGroups
+	}
+
+	peerIPStr := targetPeerInfo.IP.String()
+
+	for _, nsGroup := range c.NameServerGroups {
+		if !nsGroup.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, gID := range nsGroup.Groups {
+			if _, found := groupList[gID]; found {
+				if !c.peerIsNameserver(peerIPStr, nsGroup) {
+					peerNSGroups = append(peerNSGroups, toRealNSGroup(nsGroup))
+				}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return peerNSGroups
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) peerIsNameserver(peerIPStr string, nsGroup *nmdata.NameServerGroup) bool {
+	for _, ns := range nsGroup.NameServers {
+		if peerIPStr == ns.IP.String() {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// filterAndExpandRoutes drops v6 routes for non-capable peers and duplicates
+// the default v4 route (0.0.0.0/0) as ::/0 for v6-capable peers.
+// TODO: the "-v6" suffix on IDs could collide with user-supplied route IDs.
+func filterAndExpandRoutes(routes []*nmdata.Route, includeIPv6 bool) []*nmdata.Route {
+	filtered := make([]*nmdata.Route, 0, len(routes))
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if !includeIPv6 && r.Network.Addr().Is6() {
+			continue
+		}
+		filtered = append(filtered, r)
+
+		if includeIPv6 && r.Network.Bits() == 0 && r.Network.Addr().Is4() {
+			v6 := r.Copy()
+			v6.ID = r.ID + "-v6-default"
+			v6.NetID = r.NetID + "-v6"
+			v6.Network = netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")
+			v6.NetworkType = nmdata.NetworkTypeIPv6
+			filtered = append(filtered, v6)
+		}
+	}
+	return filtered
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRoutesToSync(peerID string, aclPeers []*nmdata.Peer, peerGroups LookupMap) []*nmdata.Route {
+	routes, peerDisabledRoutes := c.getRoutingPeerRoutes(peerID)
+	peerRoutesMembership := make(LookupMap)
+	for _, r := range append(routes, peerDisabledRoutes...) {
+		peerRoutesMembership[string(r.GetHAUniqueID())] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	for _, peer := range aclPeers {
+		activeRoutes, _ := c.getRoutingPeerRoutes(peer.ID)
+		groupFilteredRoutes := c.filterRoutesByGroups(activeRoutes, peerGroups)
+		filteredRoutes := c.filterRoutesFromPeersOfSameHAGroup(groupFilteredRoutes, peerRoutesMembership)
+		routes = append(routes, filteredRoutes...)
+	}
+
+	return routes
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRoutingPeerRoutes(peerID string) (enabledRoutes []*nmdata.Route, disabledRoutes []*nmdata.Route) {
+	peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(peerID)
+	if peerInfo == nil {
+		peerInfo = c.GetRouterPeerInfo(peerID)
+	}
+	if peerInfo == nil {
+		return enabledRoutes, disabledRoutes
+	}
+
+	seenRoute := make(map[string]struct{})
+
+	takeRoute := func(r *nmdata.Route) {
+		if _, ok := seenRoute[r.ID]; ok {
+			return
+		}
+		seenRoute[r.ID] = struct{}{}
+
+		r.Peer = peerInfo.Key
+
+		if r.Enabled {
+			enabledRoutes = append(enabledRoutes, r)
+			return
+		}
+		disabledRoutes = append(disabledRoutes, r)
+	}
+
+	for _, entry := range c.routesByPeer()[peerID] {
+		if entry.viaGroup {
+			newPeerRoute := entry.route.Copy()
+			newPeerRoute.PeerGroups = nil
+			newPeerRoute.ID = entry.route.ID + ":" + peerID
+			takeRoute(newPeerRoute)
+			continue
+		}
+		takeRoute(entry.route.Copy())
+	}
+
+	return enabledRoutes, disabledRoutes
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) routesByPeer() map[string][]routeIndexEntry {
+	c.routesByPeerOnce.Do(func() {
+		idx := make(map[string][]routeIndexEntry)
+		for _, r := range c.Routes {
+			for _, groupID := range r.PeerGroups {
+				group := c.GetGroupInfo(groupID)
+				if group == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				for _, id := range group.Peers {
+					idx[id] = append(idx[id], routeIndexEntry{route: r, viaGroup: true})
+				}
+			}
+			if r.Peer != "" {
+				idx[r.Peer] = append(idx[r.Peer], routeIndexEntry{route: r})
+			}
+		}
+		c.routesByPeerIdx = idx
+	})
+
+	return c.routesByPeerIdx
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) filterRoutesByGroups(routes []*nmdata.Route, groupListMap LookupMap) []*nmdata.Route {
+	var filteredRoutes []*nmdata.Route
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		for _, groupID := range r.Groups {
+			_, found := groupListMap[groupID]
+			if found {
+				filteredRoutes = append(filteredRoutes, r)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return filteredRoutes
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) filterRoutesFromPeersOfSameHAGroup(routes []*nmdata.Route, peerMemberships LookupMap) []*nmdata.Route {
+	var filteredRoutes []*nmdata.Route
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		_, found := peerMemberships[string(r.GetHAUniqueID())]
+		if !found {
+			filteredRoutes = append(filteredRoutes, r)
+		}
+	}
+	return filteredRoutes
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerRoutesFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	routesFirewallRules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
+
+	enabledRoutes, _ := c.getRoutingPeerRoutes(peerID)
+	for _, r := range enabledRoutes {
+		if len(r.AccessControlGroups) == 0 {
+			defaultPermit := c.getDefaultPermit(r, includeIPv6)
+			routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, defaultPermit...)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		distributionPeers := c.getDistributionGroupsPeers(r)
+
+		for _, accessGroup := range r.AccessControlGroups {
+			policies := c.getAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups([]string{accessGroup})
+			rules := c.getRouteFirewallRules(ctx, peerID, policies, r, distributionPeers, includeIPv6)
+			routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, rules...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return routesFirewallRules
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getDefaultPermit(r *nmdata.Route, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	if r.Network.Addr().Is6() && !includeIPv6 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	sources := []string{"0.0.0.0/0"}
+	if r.Network.Addr().Is6() {
+		sources = []string{"::/0"}
+	}
+
+	rule := RouteFirewallRule{
+		SourceRanges: sources,
+		Action:       string(PolicyTrafficActionAccept),
+		Destination:  r.Network.String(),
+		Protocol:     string(PolicyRuleProtocolALL),
+		Domains:      r.Domains,
+		IsDynamic:    r.IsDynamic(),
+		RouteID:      route.ID(r.ID),
+	}
+
+	rules := []*RouteFirewallRule{&rule}
+
+	isDefaultV4 := r.Network.Addr().Is4() && r.Network.Bits() == 0
+	if includeIPv6 && (r.IsDynamic() || isDefaultV4) {
+		ruleV6 := rule
+		ruleV6.SourceRanges = []string{"::/0"}
+		if isDefaultV4 {
+			ruleV6.Destination = "::/0"
+			ruleV6.RouteID = route.ID(r.ID + "-v6-default")
+		}
+		rules = append(rules, &ruleV6)
+	}
+
+	return rules
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getDistributionGroupsPeers(r *nmdata.Route) map[string]struct{} {
+	distPeers := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, id := range r.Groups {
+		group := c.GetGroupInfo(id)
+		if group == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, pID := range group.Peers {
+			distPeers[pID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return distPeers
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getAllRoutePoliciesFromGroups(accessControlGroups []string) []*nmdata.Policy {
+	routePolicies := make([]*nmdata.Policy, 0)
+	for _, groupID := range accessControlGroups {
+		for _, policy := range c.Policies {
+			if policy == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+				if rule == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				if slices.Contains(rule.Destinations, groupID) {
+					routePolicies = append(routePolicies, policy)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return routePolicies
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRouteFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, policies []*nmdata.Policy, route *nmdata.Route, distributionPeers map[string]struct{}, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	var fwRules []*RouteFirewallRule
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		if policy == nil || !policy.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if rule == nil || !rule.Enabled {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			rulePeers := c.getRulePeers(rule, policy.SourcePostureChecks, peerID, distributionPeers)
+			rules := GenerateRouteFirewallRules(ctx, route, rule, rulePeers, FirewallRuleDirectionIN, includeIPv6)
+			fwRules = append(fwRules, rules...)
+		}
+	}
+	return fwRules
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getRulePeers(rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, postureChecks []string, peerID string, distributionPeers map[string]struct{}) []*nmdata.Peer {
+	distPeersWithPolicy := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, id := range rule.Sources {
+		group := c.GetGroupInfo(id)
+		if group == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, pID := range group.Peers {
+			if pID == peerID {
+				continue
+			}
+			_, distPeer := distributionPeers[pID]
+			_, valid := c.Peers[pID]
+			if distPeer && valid && c.ValidatePostureChecksOnPeer(pID, postureChecks) {
+				distPeersWithPolicy[pID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if rule.SourceResource.Type == string(ResourceTypePeer) && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
+		_, distPeer := distributionPeers[rule.SourceResource.ID]
+		_, valid := c.Peers[rule.SourceResource.ID]
+		if distPeer && valid && c.ValidatePostureChecksOnPeer(rule.SourceResource.ID, postureChecks) {
+			distPeersWithPolicy[rule.SourceResource.ID] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	distributionGroupPeers := make([]*nmdata.Peer, 0, len(distPeersWithPolicy))
+	for pID := range distPeersWithPolicy {
+		peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(pID)
+		if peerInfo == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		distributionGroupPeers = append(distributionGroupPeers, peerInfo)
+	}
+	return distributionGroupPeers
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getNetworkResourcesRoutesToSync(peerID string) (bool, []*nmdata.Route, map[string]struct{}) {
+	var isRoutingPeer bool
+	var routes []*nmdata.Route
+	allSourcePeers := make(map[string]struct{})
+
+	for _, resource := range c.NetworkResources {
+		if !resource.Enabled {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var addSourcePeers bool
+
+		networkRoutingPeers, exists := c.RoutersMap[resource.NetworkID]
+		if exists {
+			if router, ok := networkRoutingPeers[peerID]; ok {
+				isRoutingPeer, addSourcePeers = true, true
+				routes = append(routes, c.getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource, peerID, router)...)
+			}
+		}
+
+		newRoutes := c.processResourcePolicies(peerID, resource, networkRoutingPeers, addSourcePeers, allSourcePeers)
+		routes = append(routes, newRoutes...)
+	}
+
+	return isRoutingPeer, routes, allSourcePeers
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) processResourcePolicies(
+	peerID string,
+	resource *nmdata.NetworkResource,
+	networkRoutingPeers map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter,
+	addSourcePeers bool,
+	allSourcePeers map[string]struct{},
+) []*nmdata.Route {
+	var routes []*nmdata.Route
+
+	for _, policy := range c.ResourcePoliciesMap[resource.ID] {
+		if policy == nil || !policy.Enabled || len(policy.Rules) == 0 || policy.Rules[0] == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		peers := c.getResourcePolicyPeers(policy)
+		if addSourcePeers {
+			for _, pID := range c.getPostureValidPeers(peers, policy.SourcePostureChecks) {
+				allSourcePeers[pID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if slices.Contains(peers, peerID) && c.ValidatePostureChecksOnPeer(peerID, policy.SourcePostureChecks) {
+			for peerId, router := range networkRoutingPeers {
+				routes = append(routes, c.getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource, peerId, router)...)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return routes
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getResourcePolicyPeers(policy *nmdata.Policy) []string {
+	if policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.Type == string(ResourceTypePeer) && policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID != "" {
+		return []string{policy.Rules[0].SourceResource.ID}
+	}
+	return c.getUniquePeerIDsFromGroupsIDs(policy.SourceGroups())
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getNetworkResourcesRoutes(resource *nmdata.NetworkResource, peerID string, router *nmdata.NetworkRouter) []*nmdata.Route {
+	resourceAppliedPolicies := c.ResourcePoliciesMap[resource.ID]
+
+	var routes []*nmdata.Route
+	if len(resourceAppliedPolicies) > 0 {
+		peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(peerID)
+		if peerInfo != nil {
+			routes = append(routes, c.networkResourceToRoute(resource, peerInfo, router))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return routes
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) networkResourceToRoute(resource *nmdata.NetworkResource, peer *nmdata.Peer, router *nmdata.NetworkRouter) *nmdata.Route {
+	r := &nmdata.Route{
+		ID:          resource.ID + ":" + peer.ID,
+		AccountID:   resource.AccountID,
+		Peer:        peer.Key,
+		PeerID:      peer.ID,
+		Metric:      router.Metric,
+		Masquerade:  router.Masquerade,
+		Enabled:     resource.Enabled,
+		KeepRoute:   true,
+		NetID:       resource.Name,
+		Description: resource.Description,
+	}
+
+	if resource.Type == string(ResourceTypeHost) || resource.Type == string(ResourceTypeSubnet) {
+		r.Network = resource.Prefix
+
+		r.NetworkType = nmdata.NetworkTypeIPv4
+		if resource.Prefix.Addr().Is6() {
+			r.NetworkType = nmdata.NetworkTypeIPv6
+		}
+	}
+
+	if resource.Type == string(ResourceTypeDomain) {
+		domainList, err := domain.FromStringList([]string{resource.Domain})
+		if err == nil {
+			r.Domains = domainList
+			r.NetworkType = nmdata.NetworkTypeDomain
+			r.Network = netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{192, 0, 2, 0}), 32)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPostureValidPeers(inputPeers []string, postureChecksIDs []string) []string {
+	var dest []string
+	for _, peerID := range inputPeers {
+		if c.ValidatePostureChecksOnPeer(peerID, postureChecksIDs) {
+			dest = append(dest, peerID)
+		}
+	}
+	return dest
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPeerNetworkResourceFirewallRules(ctx context.Context, peerID string, routes []*nmdata.Route, includeIPv6 bool) []*RouteFirewallRule {
+	routesFirewallRules := make([]*RouteFirewallRule, 0)
+
+	peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(peerID)
+	if peerInfo == nil {
+		return routesFirewallRules
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if r.Peer != peerInfo.Key {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		resourceID := string(r.GetResourceID())
+		resourcePolicies := c.ResourcePoliciesMap[resourceID]
+		distributionPeers := c.getPoliciesSourcePeers(resourcePolicies)
+
+		rules := c.getRouteFirewallRules(ctx, peerID, resourcePolicies, r, distributionPeers, includeIPv6)
+		for _, rule := range rules {
+			if len(rule.SourceRanges) > 0 {
+				routesFirewallRules = append(routesFirewallRules, rule)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return routesFirewallRules
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) getPoliciesSourcePeers(policies []*nmdata.Policy) map[string]struct{} {
+	sourcePeers := make(map[string]struct{})
+
+	for _, policy := range policies {
+		if policy == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, rule := range policy.Rules {
+			if rule == nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, sourceGroup := range rule.Sources {
+				group := c.GetGroupInfo(sourceGroup)
+				if group == nil {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				for _, peer := range group.Peers {
+					sourcePeers[peer] = struct{}{}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if rule.SourceResource.Type == string(ResourceTypePeer) && rule.SourceResource.ID != "" {
+				sourcePeers[rule.SourceResource.ID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sourcePeers
+}
+
+func (c *NetworkMapComponents) addNetworksRoutingPeers(
+	networkResourcesRoutes []*nmdata.Route,
+	peerID string,
+	peersToConnect []*nmdata.Peer,
+	expiredPeers []*nmdata.Peer,
+	isRouter bool,
+	sourcePeers map[string]struct{},
+) []*nmdata.Peer {
+
+	networkRoutesPeers := make(map[string]struct{}, len(networkResourcesRoutes))
+	for _, r := range networkResourcesRoutes {
+		networkRoutesPeers[r.PeerID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	delete(sourcePeers, peerID)
+	delete(networkRoutesPeers, peerID)
+
+	for _, existingPeer := range peersToConnect {
+		delete(sourcePeers, existingPeer.ID)
+		delete(networkRoutesPeers, existingPeer.ID)
+	}
+	for _, expPeer := range expiredPeers {
+		delete(sourcePeers, expPeer.ID)
+		delete(networkRoutesPeers, expPeer.ID)
+	}
+
+	missingPeers := make(map[string]struct{}, len(sourcePeers)+len(networkRoutesPeers))
+	if isRouter {
+		for p := range sourcePeers {
+			missingPeers[p] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	for p := range networkRoutesPeers {
+		missingPeers[p] = struct{}{}
+	}
+
+	for p := range missingPeers {
+		peerInfo := c.GetPeerInfo(p)
+		if peerInfo == nil {
+			peerInfo = c.GetRouterPeerInfo(p)
+		}
+		if peerInfo != nil {
+			peersToConnect = append(peersToConnect, peerInfo)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return peersToConnect
+}
+
+type FirewallRuleContext struct {
+	Direction   int
+	DirStr      string
+	ProtocolStr string
+	ActionStr   string
+	PortsJoined string
+}
+
+func AppendIPv6FirewallRule(rules []*FirewallRule, rulesExists map[string]struct{}, peer, targetPeer *nmdata.Peer, rule *nmdata.PolicyRule, rc FirewallRuleContext) []*FirewallRule {
+	if !peer.IPv6.IsValid() || !targetPeer.SupportsIPv6() || !targetPeer.IPv6.IsValid() {
+		return rules
+	}
+
+	v6IP := peer.IPv6.String()
+	v6RuleID := rule.ID + v6IP + rc.DirStr + rc.ProtocolStr + rc.ActionStr + rc.PortsJoined
+	if _, ok := rulesExists[v6RuleID]; ok {
+		return rules
+	}
+	rulesExists[v6RuleID] = struct{}{}
+
+	v6fr := FirewallRule{
+		PolicyID:  rule.ID,
+		PeerIP:    v6IP,
+		Direction: rc.Direction,
+		Action:    rc.ActionStr,
+		Protocol:  rc.ProtocolStr,
+	}
+	if len(rule.Ports) == 0 && len(rule.PortRanges) == 0 {
+		return append(rules, &v6fr)
+	}
+	return append(rules, ExpandPortsAndRanges(v6fr, rule, targetPeer)...)
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/networkmap_components_compact.go b/shared/management/types/networkmap_components_compact.go
similarity index 79%
rename from management/server/types/networkmap_components_compact.go
rename to shared/management/types/networkmap_components_compact.go
index b60f8bdb1..b45bc3e40 100644
--- a/management/server/types/networkmap_components_compact.go
+++ b/shared/management/types/networkmap_components_compact.go
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 package types
 
 import (
-	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
-	resourceTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/resources/types"
-	routerTypes "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/networks/routers/types"
-	nbpeer "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/peer"
-	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/route"
+	nmdata "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
 )
 
 type GroupCompact struct {
@@ -16,26 +12,26 @@ type GroupCompact struct {
 type NetworkMapComponentsCompact struct {
 	PeerID string
 
-	Network          *Network
-	AccountSettings  *AccountSettingsInfo
-	DNSSettings      *DNSSettings
+	Network          *nmdata.Network
+	AccountSettings  *nmdata.AccountSettingsInfo
+	DNSSettings      *nmdata.DNSSettings
 	CustomZoneDomain string
 
-	AllPeers          []*nbpeer.Peer
+	AllPeers          []*nmdata.Peer
 	PeerIndexes       []int
 	RouterPeerIndexes []int
 
 	Groups              map[string]*GroupCompact
-	AllPolicies         []*Policy
+	AllPolicies         []*nmdata.Policy
 	PolicyIndexes       []int
 	ResourcePoliciesMap map[string][]int
-	Routes              []*route.Route
-	NameServerGroups    []*nbdns.NameServerGroup
-	AllDNSRecords       []nbdns.SimpleRecord
-	AccountZones        []nbdns.CustomZone
+	Routes              []*nmdata.Route
+	NameServerGroups    []*nmdata.NameServerGroup
+	AllDNSRecords       []nmdata.SimpleRecord
+	AccountZones        []nmdata.CustomZone
 
-	RoutersMap       map[string]map[string]*routerTypes.NetworkRouter
-	NetworkResources []*resourceTypes.NetworkResource
+	RoutersMap       map[string]map[string]*nmdata.NetworkRouter
+	NetworkResources []*nmdata.NetworkResource
 
 	GroupIDToUserIDs   map[string][]string
 	AllowedUserIDs     map[string]struct{}
@@ -44,7 +40,7 @@ type NetworkMapComponentsCompact struct {
 
 func (c *NetworkMapComponents) ToCompact() *NetworkMapComponentsCompact {
 	peerToIndex := make(map[string]int)
-	var allPeers []*nbpeer.Peer
+	var allPeers []*nmdata.Peer
 
 	for id, peer := range c.Peers {
 		if _, exists := peerToIndex[id]; !exists {
@@ -84,8 +80,8 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) ToCompact() *NetworkMapComponentsCompact {
 		}
 	}
 
-	policyToIndex := make(map[*Policy]int)
-	var allPolicies []*Policy
+	policyToIndex := make(map[*nmdata.Policy]int)
+	var allPolicies []*nmdata.Policy
 
 	for _, policy := range c.Policies {
 		if _, exists := policyToIndex[policy]; !exists {
@@ -150,7 +146,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponents) ToCompact() *NetworkMapComponentsCompact {
 }
 
 func (c *NetworkMapComponentsCompact) ToFull() *NetworkMapComponents {
-	peers := make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, len(c.PeerIndexes))
+	peers := make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer, len(c.PeerIndexes))
 	for _, idx := range c.PeerIndexes {
 		if idx >= 0 && idx < len(c.AllPeers) {
 			peer := c.AllPeers[idx]
@@ -158,7 +154,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponentsCompact) ToFull() *NetworkMapComponents {
 		}
 	}
 
-	routerPeers := make(map[string]*nbpeer.Peer, len(c.RouterPeerIndexes))
+	routerPeers := make(map[string]*nmdata.Peer, len(c.RouterPeerIndexes))
 	for _, idx := range c.RouterPeerIndexes {
 		if idx >= 0 && idx < len(c.AllPeers) {
 			peer := c.AllPeers[idx]
@@ -166,7 +162,7 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponentsCompact) ToFull() *NetworkMapComponents {
 		}
 	}
 
-	groups := make(map[string]*Group, len(c.Groups))
+	groups := make(map[string]*nmdata.Group, len(c.Groups))
 	for id, gc := range c.Groups {
 		peerIDs := make([]string, 0, len(gc.PeerIndexes))
 		for _, idx := range gc.PeerIndexes {
@@ -174,25 +170,24 @@ func (c *NetworkMapComponentsCompact) ToFull() *NetworkMapComponents {
 				peerIDs = append(peerIDs, c.AllPeers[idx].ID)
 			}
 		}
-		groups[id] = &Group{
-			ID:    id,
+		groups[id] = &nmdata.Group{
 			Name:  gc.Name,
 			Peers: peerIDs,
 		}
 	}
 
-	policies := make([]*Policy, len(c.PolicyIndexes))
+	policies := make([]*nmdata.Policy, len(c.PolicyIndexes))
 	for i, idx := range c.PolicyIndexes {
 		if idx >= 0 && idx < len(c.AllPolicies) {
 			policies[i] = c.AllPolicies[idx]
 		}
 	}
 
-	var resourcePoliciesMap map[string][]*Policy
+	var resourcePoliciesMap map[string][]*nmdata.Policy
 	if len(c.ResourcePoliciesMap) > 0 {
-		resourcePoliciesMap = make(map[string][]*Policy, len(c.ResourcePoliciesMap))
+		resourcePoliciesMap = make(map[string][]*nmdata.Policy, len(c.ResourcePoliciesMap))
 		for resID, indexes := range c.ResourcePoliciesMap {
-			pols := make([]*Policy, 0, len(indexes))
+			pols := make([]*nmdata.Policy, 0, len(indexes))
 			for _, idx := range indexes {
 				if idx >= 0 && idx < len(c.AllPolicies) {
 					pols = append(pols, c.AllPolicies[idx])
diff --git a/shared/management/types/nmdata_convert.go b/shared/management/types/nmdata_convert.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a7998773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/types/nmdata_convert.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/networkmap/nmdata"
+)
+
+// This file holds the twin→real converters that survive the twin-NetworkMap
+// refactor: only the DNS materialization. NetworkMap.DNSConfig stays a real
+// nbdns.Config (the client DNS type), so Calculate converts the twin DNS
+// components to nbdns at the output boundary. Peers/Routes/Network flow as
+// twins all the way through and need no conversion.
+
+func toRealNSGroup(n *nmdata.NameServerGroup) *nbdns.NameServerGroup {
+	if n == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	nameServers := make([]nbdns.NameServer, 0, len(n.NameServers))
+	for _, ns := range n.NameServers {
+		nameServers = append(nameServers, nbdns.NameServer{
+			IP:     ns.IP,
+			NSType: nbdns.NameServerType(ns.NSType),
+			Port:   ns.Port,
+		})
+	}
+	return &nbdns.NameServerGroup{
+		ID:                   n.ID,
+		Name:                 n.Name,
+		Description:          n.Description,
+		NameServers:          nameServers,
+		Groups:               n.Groups,
+		Primary:              n.Primary,
+		Domains:              n.Domains,
+		Enabled:              n.Enabled,
+		SearchDomainsEnabled: n.SearchDomainsEnabled,
+	}
+}
+
+func toRealRecords(recs []nmdata.SimpleRecord) []nbdns.SimpleRecord {
+	if recs == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]nbdns.SimpleRecord, len(recs))
+	for i, r := range recs {
+		out[i] = nbdns.SimpleRecord{
+			Name:  r.Name,
+			Type:  r.Type,
+			Class: r.Class,
+			TTL:   r.TTL,
+			RData: r.RData,
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func toRealZones(zones []nmdata.CustomZone) []nbdns.CustomZone {
+	if zones == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]nbdns.CustomZone, len(zones))
+	for i, z := range zones {
+		out[i] = nbdns.CustomZone{
+			Domain:               z.Domain,
+			Records:              toRealRecords(z.Records),
+			SearchDomainDisabled: z.SearchDomainDisabled,
+			NonAuthoritative:     z.NonAuthoritative,
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/types/policyrule.go b/shared/management/types/policyrule.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c951b1487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/types/policyrule.go
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+package types
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/proto"
+)
+
+// PolicyTrafficActionType action type for the firewall
+type PolicyTrafficActionType string
+
+// PolicyRuleProtocolType type of traffic
+type PolicyRuleProtocolType string
+
+const (
+	// PolicyTrafficActionAccept indicates that the traffic is accepted
+	PolicyTrafficActionAccept = PolicyTrafficActionType("accept")
+	// PolicyTrafficActionDrop indicates that the traffic is dropped
+	PolicyTrafficActionDrop = PolicyTrafficActionType("drop")
+)
+
+const (
+	// PolicyRuleProtocolALL type of traffic
+	PolicyRuleProtocolALL = PolicyRuleProtocolType("all")
+	// PolicyRuleProtocolTCP type of traffic
+	PolicyRuleProtocolTCP = PolicyRuleProtocolType("tcp")
+	// PolicyRuleProtocolUDP type of traffic
+	PolicyRuleProtocolUDP = PolicyRuleProtocolType("udp")
+	// PolicyRuleProtocolICMP type of traffic
+	PolicyRuleProtocolICMP = PolicyRuleProtocolType("icmp")
+	// PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH type of traffic
+	PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH = PolicyRuleProtocolType("netbird-ssh")
+)
+
+// RulePortRange represents a range of ports for a firewall rule.
+type RulePortRange struct {
+	Start uint16
+	End   uint16
+}
+
+func (r *RulePortRange) ToProto() *proto.PortInfo {
+	return &proto.PortInfo{
+		PortSelection: &proto.PortInfo_Range_{
+			Range: &proto.PortInfo_Range{
+				Start: uint32(r.Start),
+				End:   uint32(r.End),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *RulePortRange) Equal(other *RulePortRange) bool {
+	return r.Start == other.Start && r.End == other.End
+}
+
+func ParseRuleString(rule string) (PolicyRuleProtocolType, RulePortRange, error) {
+	rule = strings.TrimSpace(strings.ToLower(rule))
+	if rule == "all" {
+		return PolicyRuleProtocolALL, RulePortRange{}, nil
+	}
+	if rule == "icmp" {
+		return PolicyRuleProtocolICMP, RulePortRange{}, nil
+	}
+
+	split := strings.Split(rule, "/")
+	if len(split) != 2 {
+		return "", RulePortRange{}, errors.New("invalid rule format: expected protocol/port or protocol/port-range")
+	}
+
+	protoStr := strings.TrimSpace(split[0])
+	portStr := strings.TrimSpace(split[1])
+
+	var protocol PolicyRuleProtocolType
+	switch protoStr {
+	case "tcp":
+		protocol = PolicyRuleProtocolTCP
+	case "udp":
+		protocol = PolicyRuleProtocolUDP
+	case "icmp":
+		return "", RulePortRange{}, errors.New("icmp does not accept ports; use 'icmp' without '/…'")
+	case "netbird-ssh":
+		return PolicyRuleProtocolNetbirdSSH, RulePortRange{Start: nativeSSHPortNumber, End: nativeSSHPortNumber}, nil
+	default:
+		return "", RulePortRange{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid protocol: %q", protoStr)
+	}
+
+	portRange, err := parsePortRange(portStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", RulePortRange{}, err
+	}
+
+	return protocol, portRange, nil
+}
+
+func parsePortRange(portStr string) (RulePortRange, error) {
+	if strings.Contains(portStr, "-") {
+		rangeParts := strings.Split(portStr, "-")
+		if len(rangeParts) != 2 {
+			return RulePortRange{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid port range %q", portStr)
+		}
+		start, err := parsePort(strings.TrimSpace(rangeParts[0]))
+		if err != nil {
+			return RulePortRange{}, err
+		}
+		end, err := parsePort(strings.TrimSpace(rangeParts[1]))
+		if err != nil {
+			return RulePortRange{}, err
+		}
+		if start > end {
+			return RulePortRange{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid port range: start %d > end %d", start, end)
+		}
+		return RulePortRange{Start: uint16(start), End: uint16(end)}, nil
+	}
+
+	p, err := parsePort(portStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return RulePortRange{}, err
+	}
+
+	return RulePortRange{Start: uint16(p), End: uint16(p)}, nil
+}
+
+func parsePort(portStr string) (int, error) {
+
+	if portStr == "" {
+		return 0, errors.New("empty port")
+	}
+	p, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid port %q: %w", portStr, err)
+	}
+	if p < 1 || p > 65535 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("port out of range (1–65535): %d", p)
+	}
+	return p, nil
+}
diff --git a/shared/management/types/resource.go b/shared/management/types/resource.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87f27db49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/management/types/resource.go
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package types
+
+type ResourceType string
+
+const (
+	ResourceTypePeer   ResourceType = "peer"
+	ResourceTypeDomain ResourceType = "domain"
+	ResourceTypeHost   ResourceType = "host"
+	ResourceTypeSubnet ResourceType = "subnet"
+)
+
+func (t ResourceType) Valid() bool {
+	switch t {
+	case ResourceTypePeer, ResourceTypeDomain, ResourceTypeHost, ResourceTypeSubnet:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
diff --git a/management/server/types/route_firewall_rule.go b/shared/management/types/route_firewall_rule.go
similarity index 100%
rename from management/server/types/route_firewall_rule.go
rename to shared/management/types/route_firewall_rule.go
diff --git a/shared/netiputil/compact.go b/shared/netiputil/compact.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cd2b8a20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/netiputil/compact.go
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Package netiputil provides compact binary encoding for IP prefixes used in
+// the management proto wire format.
+//
+// Format: [IP bytes][1 byte prefix_len]
+//   - IPv4: 5 bytes total (4 IP + 1 prefix_len, 0-32)
+//   - IPv6: 17 bytes total (16 IP + 1 prefix_len, 0-128)
+//
+// Address family is determined by length: 5 = v4, 17 = v6.
+package netiputil
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+)
+
+// EncodePrefix encodes a netip.Prefix into compact bytes.
+// The address is always unmapped before encoding.
+func EncodePrefix(p netip.Prefix) ([]byte, error) {
+	addr := p.Addr().Unmap()
+	bits := p.Bits()
+	if addr.Is4() && bits > 32 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid prefix length %d for IPv4 address %s (max 32)", bits, addr)
+	}
+	return append(addr.AsSlice(), byte(bits)), nil
+}
+
+// DecodePrefix decodes compact bytes into a netip.Prefix.
+func DecodePrefix(b []byte) (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	switch len(b) {
+	case 5:
+		var ip4 [4]byte
+		copy(ip4[:], b)
+		bits := int(b[len(b)-1])
+		if bits > 32 {
+			return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv4 prefix length %d (max 32)", bits)
+		}
+		return netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4(ip4), bits), nil
+	case 17:
+		var ip6 [16]byte
+		copy(ip6[:], b)
+		addr := netip.AddrFrom16(ip6).Unmap()
+		bits := int(b[len(b)-1])
+		if addr.Is4() {
+			if bits > 32 {
+				return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid prefix length %d for v4-mapped address (max 32)", bits)
+			}
+		} else if bits > 128 {
+			return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 prefix length %d (max 128)", bits)
+		}
+		return netip.PrefixFrom(addr, bits), nil
+	default:
+		return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid compact prefix length %d (expected 5 or 17)", len(b))
+	}
+}
+
+// EncodeAddr encodes a netip.Addr into compact prefix bytes with a host prefix
+// length (/32 for v4, /128 for v6). The address is always unmapped before encoding.
+func EncodeAddr(a netip.Addr) []byte {
+	a = a.Unmap()
+	bits := 128
+	if a.Is4() {
+		bits = 32
+	}
+	// Host prefix lengths are always valid for the address family, so error is impossible.
+	b, _ := EncodePrefix(netip.PrefixFrom(a, bits))
+	return b
+}
+
+// DecodeAddr decodes compact prefix bytes and returns only the address,
+// discarding the prefix length. Useful when the prefix length is implied
+// (e.g. peer overlay IPs are always /32 or /128).
+func DecodeAddr(b []byte) (netip.Addr, error) {
+	p, err := DecodePrefix(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
+	return p.Addr(), nil
+}
diff --git a/shared/netiputil/compact_test.go b/shared/netiputil/compact_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e7c7ed82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/netiputil/compact_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package netiputil
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestEncodeDecodePrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		prefix string
+		size   int
+	}{
+		{
+			name:   "v4 host",
+			prefix: "100.64.0.1/32",
+			size:   5,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "v4 network",
+			prefix: "10.0.0.0/8",
+			size:   5,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "v4 default",
+			prefix: "0.0.0.0/0",
+			size:   5,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "v6 host",
+			prefix: "fd00::1/128",
+			size:   17,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "v6 network",
+			prefix: "fd00:1234:5678::/48",
+			size:   17,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "v6 default",
+			prefix: "::/0",
+			size:   17,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "v4 /16 overlay",
+			prefix: "100.64.0.1/16",
+			size:   5,
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "v6 /64 overlay",
+			prefix: "fd00::abcd:1/64",
+			size:   17,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			p := netip.MustParsePrefix(tt.prefix)
+			b, err := EncodePrefix(p)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.size, len(b), "encoded size")
+
+			decoded, err := DecodePrefix(b)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, p, decoded)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodePrefixUnmaps(t *testing.T) {
+	// v4-mapped v6 address should encode as v4
+	mapped := netip.MustParsePrefix("::ffff:10.1.2.3/32")
+	b, err := EncodePrefix(mapped)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, len(b), "v4-mapped should encode as 5 bytes")
+
+	decoded, err := DecodePrefix(b)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.2.3/32"), decoded)
+}
+
+func TestEncodePrefixUnmapsRejectsInvalidBits(t *testing.T) {
+	// v4-mapped v6 with bits > 32 should return an error
+	mapped128 := netip.MustParsePrefix("::ffff:10.1.2.3/128")
+	_, err := EncodePrefix(mapped128)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	// v4-mapped v6 with bits=96 should also return an error
+	mapped96 := netip.MustParsePrefix("::ffff:10.0.0.0/96")
+	_, err = EncodePrefix(mapped96)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+
+	// v4-mapped v6 with bits=32 should succeed
+	mapped32 := netip.MustParsePrefix("::ffff:10.1.2.3/32")
+	b, err := EncodePrefix(mapped32)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, len(b), "v4-mapped should encode as 5 bytes")
+
+	decoded, err := DecodePrefix(b)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("10.1.2.3/32"), decoded)
+}
+
+func TestDecodeAddr(t *testing.T) {
+	v4 := netip.MustParseAddr("100.64.0.5")
+	b := EncodeAddr(v4)
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, len(b))
+
+	got, err := DecodeAddr(b)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, v4, got)
+
+	v6 := netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1")
+	b = EncodeAddr(v6)
+	assert.Equal(t, 17, len(b))
+
+	got, err = DecodeAddr(b)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, v6, got)
+}
+
+func TestDecodePrefixInvalidLength(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := DecodePrefix([]byte{1, 2, 3})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid compact prefix length 3")
+
+	_, err = DecodePrefix(nil)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	_, err = DecodePrefix([]byte{})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestDecodePrefixInvalidBits(t *testing.T) {
+	// v4 with bits > 32
+	b := []byte{10, 0, 0, 1, 33}
+	_, err := DecodePrefix(b)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid IPv4 prefix length 33")
+
+	// v6 with bits > 128
+	b = make([]byte, 17)
+	b[0] = 0xfd
+	b[16] = 129
+	_, err = DecodePrefix(b)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid IPv6 prefix length 129")
+}
+
+func TestDecodePrefixUnmapsV6Input(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := netip.MustParseAddr("::ffff:192.168.1.1")
+
+	// v4-mapped v6 with bits > 32 should return an error
+	raw := addr.As16()
+	bInvalid := make([]byte, 17)
+	copy(bInvalid, raw[:])
+	bInvalid[16] = 128
+
+	_, err := DecodePrefix(bInvalid)
+	require.Error(t, err, "v4-mapped address with /128 prefix should be rejected")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid prefix length")
+
+	// v4-mapped v6 with valid /32 should decode and unmap correctly
+	bValid := make([]byte, 17)
+	copy(bValid, raw[:])
+	bValid[16] = 32
+
+	decoded, err := DecodePrefix(bValid)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, decoded.Addr().Is4(), "should be unmapped to v4")
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.1/32"), decoded)
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/auth/allow/allow_all.go b/shared/relay/auth/allow/allow_all.go
index 2d30c59c9..3074b8b1d 100644
--- a/shared/relay/auth/allow/allow_all.go
+++ b/shared/relay/auth/allow/allow_all.go
@@ -8,7 +8,3 @@ type Auth struct {
 func (a *Auth) Validate(any) error {
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (a *Auth) ValidateHelloMsgType(any) error {
-	return nil
-}
diff --git a/shared/relay/auth/hmac/token.go b/shared/relay/auth/hmac/token.go
index 581b1d6fd..c908efbff 100644
--- a/shared/relay/auth/hmac/token.go
+++ b/shared/relay/auth/hmac/token.go
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package hmac
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"crypto/hmac"
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/gob"
 	"fmt"
 	"hash"
 	"strconv"
@@ -18,14 +16,6 @@ type Token struct {
 	Signature string
 }
 
-func unmarshalToken(payload []byte) (Token, error) {
-	var creds Token
-	buffer := bytes.NewBuffer(payload)
-	decoder := gob.NewDecoder(buffer)
-	err := decoder.Decode(&creds)
-	return creds, err
-}
-
 // TimedHMAC generates a token with TTL and uses a pre-shared secret known to the relay server
 type TimedHMAC struct {
 	secret     string
diff --git a/shared/relay/auth/hmac/validator.go b/shared/relay/auth/hmac/validator.go
deleted file mode 100644
index b0b7542be..000000000
--- a/shared/relay/auth/hmac/validator.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-package hmac
-
-import (
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-type TimedHMACValidator struct {
-	*TimedHMAC
-}
-
-func NewTimedHMACValidator(secret string, duration time.Duration) *TimedHMACValidator {
-	ta := NewTimedHMAC(secret, duration)
-	return &TimedHMACValidator{
-		ta,
-	}
-}
-
-func (a *TimedHMACValidator) Validate(credentials any) error {
-	b, ok := credentials.([]byte)
-	if !ok {
-		return fmt.Errorf("invalid credentials type")
-	}
-	c, err := unmarshalToken(b)
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Debugf("failed to unmarshal token: %s", err)
-		return err
-	}
-	return a.TimedHMAC.Validate(sha256.New, c)
-}
diff --git a/shared/relay/auth/validator.go b/shared/relay/auth/validator.go
index 8e339bb2e..158b32e1b 100644
--- a/shared/relay/auth/validator.go
+++ b/shared/relay/auth/validator.go
@@ -1,28 +1,19 @@
 package auth
 
 import (
-	"time"
-
-	auth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/auth/hmac"
 	authv2 "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/auth/hmac/v2"
 )
 
 type TimedHMACValidator struct {
 	authenticatorV2 *authv2.Validator
-	authenticator   *auth.TimedHMACValidator
 }
 
-func NewTimedHMACValidator(secret []byte, duration time.Duration) *TimedHMACValidator {
+func NewTimedHMACValidator(secret []byte) *TimedHMACValidator {
 	return &TimedHMACValidator{
 		authenticatorV2: authv2.NewValidator(secret),
-		authenticator:   auth.NewTimedHMACValidator(string(secret), duration),
 	}
 }
 
 func (a *TimedHMACValidator) Validate(credentials any) error {
 	return a.authenticatorV2.Validate(credentials)
 }
-
-func (a *TimedHMACValidator) ValidateHelloMsgType(credentials any) error {
-	return a.authenticator.Validate(credentials)
-}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/client.go b/shared/relay/client/client.go
index b10b05617..38c9c7375 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/client.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/client.go
@@ -2,15 +2,22 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents/sweep"
 	auth "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/auth/hmac"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer"
+	netErr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer/net"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/healthcheck"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/messages"
 )
@@ -139,6 +146,19 @@ func (cc *connContainer) close() {
 	}
 }
 
+// transportConn is implemented by relay connections that know their transport.
+type transportConn interface {
+	Protocol() string
+}
+
+// NetEvents is the OS network event view the relay consumes: availability
+// gating for the reconnect guard and dial registration for the network change
+// sweep.
+type NetEvents interface {
+	NetworkWatcher
+	StartDial(ctx context.Context) *sweep.Dial
+}
+
 // Client is a client for the relay server. It is responsible for establishing a connection to the relay server and
 // managing connections to other peers. All exported functions are safe to call concurrently. After close the connection,
 // the client can be reused by calling Connect again. When the client is closed, all connections are closed too.
@@ -146,6 +166,7 @@ func (cc *connContainer) close() {
 type Client struct {
 	log            *log.Entry
 	connectionURL  string
+	serverIP       netip.Addr
 	authTokenStore *auth.TokenStore
 	hashedID       messages.PeerID
 
@@ -167,16 +188,55 @@ type Client struct {
 	stateSubscription *PeersStateSubscription
 
 	mtu uint16
+
+	// transportFallback, when set, records datagram-too-large failures so a
+	// datagram-sized transport is avoided on subsequent connects. Shared via
+	// the manager.
+	transportFallback *transportFallback
+
+	// netEvents registers the relay dial for the network change sweep; the
+	// read loop reports the disconnect and the guard reconnects. Shared via
+	// the manager.
+	netEvents NetEvents
+	// datagramFallbackTriggered guards a single fallback per connection so a
+	// burst of oversized datagrams triggers one reconnect, not many.
+	datagramFallbackTriggered atomic.Bool
+
+	// transport is the negotiated relay transport of the
+	// current connection, guarded by mu.
+	transport string
+}
+
+// Transport returns the negotiated relay transport of the current connection,
+// or an empty string when not connected.
+func (c *Client) Transport() string {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.transport
+}
+
+// SetTransportFallback wires the shared datagram-transport fallback tracker.
+func (c *Client) SetTransportFallback(tf *transportFallback) {
+	c.transportFallback = tf
 }
 
 // NewClient creates a new client for the relay server. The client is not connected to the server until the Connect
+// is called.
 func NewClient(serverURL string, authTokenStore *auth.TokenStore, peerID string, mtu uint16) *Client {
+	return NewClientWithServerIP(serverURL, netip.Addr{}, authTokenStore, peerID, mtu)
+}
+
+// NewClientWithServerIP creates a new client for the relay server with a known server IP. serverIP, when valid, is
+// dialed directly first; the FQDN is only attempted if the IP-based dial fails. TLS verification still uses the
+// FQDN from serverURL via SNI.
+func NewClientWithServerIP(serverURL string, serverIP netip.Addr, authTokenStore *auth.TokenStore, peerID string, mtu uint16) *Client {
 	hashedID := messages.HashID(peerID)
 	relayLog := log.WithFields(log.Fields{"relay": serverURL})
 
 	c := &Client{
 		log:            relayLog,
 		connectionURL:  serverURL,
+		serverIP:       serverIP,
 		authTokenStore: authTokenStore,
 		hashedID:       hashedID,
 		mtu:            mtu,
@@ -304,6 +364,23 @@ func (c *Client) ServerInstanceURL() (string, error) {
 	return c.instanceURL.String(), nil
 }
 
+// ConnectedIP returns the IP address of the live relay-server connection,
+// extracted from the underlying socket's RemoteAddr. Zero value if not
+// connected or if the address is not an IP literal.
+func (c *Client) ConnectedIP() netip.Addr {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	conn := c.relayConn
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+	if conn == nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+	addr := conn.RemoteAddr()
+	if addr == nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+	return extractIPLiteral(addr.String())
+}
+
 // SetOnDisconnectListener sets a function that will be called when the connection to the relay server is closed.
 func (c *Client) SetOnDisconnectListener(fn func(string)) {
 	c.listenerMutex.Lock()
@@ -330,14 +407,53 @@ func (c *Client) Close() error {
 }
 
 func (c *Client) connect(ctx context.Context) (*RelayAddr, error) {
-	dialers := c.getDialers()
+	// A sweep cancels this context, so a dial started on the old network
+	// aborts instead of waiting out its handshake timeout.
+	var dial *sweep.Dial
+	if c.netEvents != nil {
+		dial = c.netEvents.StartDial(ctx)
+	} else {
+		dial = (*sweep.Sweeper)(nil).StartDial(ctx)
+	}
+	defer dial.Release()
+	ctx = dial.Ctx()
 
-	rd := dialer.NewRaceDial(c.log, dialer.DefaultConnectionTimeout, c.connectionURL, dialers...)
-	conn, err := rd.Dial(ctx)
+	mode := transportModeFromEnv()
+	dialers := c.getDialers(mode)
+
+	var conn net.Conn
+	if c.serverIP.IsValid() {
+		var err error
+		conn, err = c.dialRaceDirect(ctx, mode, dialers)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.log.Infof("dial via server IP %s failed, falling back to FQDN: %v", c.serverIP, err)
+			conn = nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if conn == nil {
+		rd := dialer.NewRaceDial(c.log, dialer.DefaultConnectionTimeout, c.connectionURL, dialers...)
+		if mode.sequential() {
+			rd.WithSequential()
+		}
+		var err error
+		conn, err = rd.Dial(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial via FQDN: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Read the transport off the concrete connection: the sweeper's wrapper
+	// embeds net.Conn only, so it does not promote Protocol().
+	if tc, ok := conn.(transportConn); ok {
+		c.transport = tc.Protocol()
+	}
+
+	conn, err := dial.WrapConn(conn)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("register connection: %w", err)
 	}
 	c.relayConn = conn
+	c.datagramFallbackTriggered.Store(false)
 
 	instanceURL, err := c.handShake(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -351,6 +467,55 @@ func (c *Client) connect(ctx context.Context) (*RelayAddr, error) {
 	return instanceURL, nil
 }
 
+// dialRaceDirect dials c.serverIP, preserving the original FQDN as the TLS ServerName for SNI.
+func (c *Client) dialRaceDirect(ctx context.Context, mode TransportMode, dialers []dialer.DialeFn) (net.Conn, error) {
+	directURL, serverName, err := substituteHost(c.connectionURL, c.serverIP)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("substitute host: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	c.log.Debugf("dialing via server IP %s (SNI=%s)", c.serverIP, serverName)
+
+	rd := dialer.NewRaceDial(c.log, dialer.DefaultConnectionTimeout, directURL, dialers...).
+		WithServerName(serverName)
+	if mode.sequential() {
+		rd.WithSequential()
+	}
+	return rd.Dial(ctx)
+}
+
+// substituteHost replaces the host portion of a rel/rels URL with ip,
+// preserving the scheme and port. Returns the rewritten URL and the
+// original host to use as the TLS ServerName, or empty if the original
+// host is itself an IP literal (SNI requires a DNS name).
+func substituteHost(serverURL string, ip netip.Addr) (string, string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(serverURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("parse %q: %w", serverURL, err)
+	}
+	if u.Scheme == "" || u.Host == "" {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("invalid relay URL %q", serverURL)
+	}
+	if !ip.IsValid() {
+		return "", "", errors.New("invalid server IP")
+	}
+	origHost := u.Hostname()
+	if _, err := netip.ParseAddr(origHost); err == nil {
+		origHost = ""
+	}
+	ip = ip.Unmap()
+	newHost := ip.String()
+	if ip.Is6() {
+		newHost = "[" + newHost + "]"
+	}
+	if port := u.Port(); port != "" {
+		u.Host = newHost + ":" + port
+	} else {
+		u.Host = newHost
+	}
+	return u.String(), origHost, nil
+}
+
 func (c *Client) handShake(ctx context.Context) (*RelayAddr, error) {
 	msg, err := messages.MarshalAuthMsg(c.hashedID, c.authTokenStore.TokenBinary())
 	if err != nil {
@@ -541,13 +706,53 @@ func (c *Client) writeTo(containerRef *connContainer, dstID messages.PeerID, pay
 	}
 
 	// the write always return with 0 length because the underling does not support the size feedback.
-	_, err = c.relayConn.Write(msg)
+	conn := c.relayConn
+	_, err = conn.Write(msg)
 	if err != nil {
-		c.log.Errorf("failed to write transport message: %s", err)
+		if errors.Is(err, netErr.ErrDatagramTooLarge) {
+			c.onDatagramTooLarge(conn, err)
+		} else {
+			c.log.Errorf("failed to write transport message: %s", err)
+		}
 	}
 	return len(payload), err
 }
 
+// onDatagramTooLarge reacts to a datagram rejected as too large for the path.
+// When a non-datagram transport is available, it records a fallback for this
+// server and closes the connection so the reconnect avoids datagram-sized
+// transports. A single fallback is triggered per connection regardless of how
+// many oversized datagrams arrive. cause carries the datagram size and budget.
+func (c *Client) onDatagramTooLarge(conn net.Conn, cause error) {
+	// Handle one oversized datagram per connection; a burst triggers a single
+	// fallback (and a single log line), not many.
+	if !c.datagramFallbackTriggered.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// If the selected mode offers no non-datagram transport (e.g. pinned to a
+	// datagram-sized transport), reconnecting would just re-fail, so leave the
+	// connection up rather than loop.
+	if len(nonDatagramSized(c.baseDialers(transportModeFromEnv()))) == 0 {
+		c.log.Warnf("%s, but no non-datagram transport is available, not falling back", cause)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Without the shared tracker a reconnect would just select the same
+	// transport again and re-fail, so leave the connection up rather than loop.
+	if c.transportFallback == nil {
+		c.log.Debugf("%s, but no transport fallback configured, leaving connection up", cause)
+		return
+	}
+
+	window := c.transportFallback.recordFailure(c.connectionURL)
+	c.log.Warnf("%s, avoiding datagram-sized transport for %s", cause, window)
+
+	if err := conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		c.log.Debugf("close relay connection for transport fallback: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
 func (c *Client) listenForStopEvents(ctx context.Context, hc *healthcheck.Receiver, conn net.Conn, internalStopFlag *internalStopFlag) {
 	for {
 		select {
@@ -639,6 +844,7 @@ func (c *Client) close(gracefullyExit bool) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 	c.serviceIsRunning = false
+	c.transport = ""
 
 	c.muInstanceURL.Lock()
 	c.instanceURL = nil
@@ -716,3 +922,21 @@ func (c *Client) handlePeersWentOfflineMsg(buf []byte) {
 	}
 	c.stateSubscription.OnPeersWentOffline(peersID)
 }
+
+// extractIPLiteral returns the IP from address forms produced by the relay
+// dialers (URL or host:port). Zero value if the host is not an IP.
+func extractIPLiteral(s string) netip.Addr {
+	if u, err := url.Parse(s); err == nil && u.Host != "" {
+		s = u.Host
+	}
+	host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(s)
+	if err != nil {
+		host = s
+	}
+	host = strings.Trim(host, "[]")
+	ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(host)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}
+	}
+	return ip.Unmap()
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/client_serverip_test.go b/shared/relay/client/client_serverip_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e699e37d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/client_serverip_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/server"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/auth/allow"
+)
+
+// TestClient_ServerIPRecoversFromUnresolvableFQDN verifies that when the
+// primary FQDN-based dial fails (unresolvable .invalid host), Connect
+// recovers via the server IP and SNI still uses the FQDN.
+func TestClient_ServerIPRecoversFromUnresolvableFQDN(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	listenAddr, port := freeAddr(t)
+	srvCfg := server.Config{
+		Meter:          otel.Meter(""),
+		ExposedAddress: fmt.Sprintf("rel://test-unresolvable-host.invalid:%d", port),
+		TLSSupport:     false,
+		AuthValidator:  &allow.Auth{},
+	}
+	srv, err := server.NewServer(srvCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create server: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		if err := srv.Listen(server.ListenerConfig{Address: listenAddr}); err != nil {
+			errChan <- err
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if err := srv.Shutdown(context.Background()); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("shutdown server: %s", err)
+		}
+	})
+	if err := waitForServerToStart(errChan); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("server failed to start: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("no server IP, primary fails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := NewClient(srvCfg.ExposedAddress, hmacTokenStore, "alice-noip", iface.DefaultMTU)
+		err := c.Connect(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			_ = c.Close()
+			t.Fatalf("expected connect to fail without server IP, got nil")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("server IP recovers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		c := NewClientWithServerIP(srvCfg.ExposedAddress, netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1"), hmacTokenStore, "alice-with-ip", iface.DefaultMTU)
+		if err := c.Connect(ctx); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("connect with server IP: %s", err)
+		}
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = c.Close() })
+
+		if !c.Ready() {
+			t.Fatalf("client not ready after connect")
+		}
+		if got := c.ConnectedIP(); got.String() != "127.0.0.1" {
+			t.Fatalf("ConnectedIP = %q, want 127.0.0.1", got)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestClient_ConnectedIPAfterFQDNDial verifies ConnectedIP returns the
+// resolved IP after a successful FQDN-based dial. The underlying socket's
+// RemoteAddr must be exposed through the dialer wrappers; if it returns
+// the dial-time URL instead, ConnectedIP returns empty and the dial
+// IP we advertise to peers is empty too.
+func TestClient_ConnectedIPAfterFQDNDial(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	listenAddr, port := freeAddr(t)
+	srvCfg := server.Config{
+		Meter:          otel.Meter(""),
+		ExposedAddress: fmt.Sprintf("rel://localhost:%d", port),
+		TLSSupport:     false,
+		AuthValidator:  &allow.Auth{},
+	}
+	srv, err := server.NewServer(srvCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create server: %s", err)
+	}
+	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		if err := srv.Listen(server.ListenerConfig{Address: listenAddr}); err != nil {
+			errChan <- err
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = srv.Shutdown(context.Background()) })
+	if err := waitForServerToStart(errChan); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("server failed to start: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	c := NewClient(srvCfg.ExposedAddress, hmacTokenStore, "alice-fqdn", iface.DefaultMTU)
+	if err := c.Connect(ctx); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("connect: %s", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = c.Close() })
+
+	got := c.ConnectedIP().String()
+	if got != "127.0.0.1" && got != "::1" {
+		t.Fatalf("ConnectedIP after FQDN dial = %q, want 127.0.0.1 or ::1", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSubstituteHost(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		serverURL      string
+		ip             string
+		wantURL        string
+		wantServerName string
+		wantErr        bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "rels with port",
+			serverURL:      "rels://relay.netbird.io:443",
+			ip:             "10.0.0.5",
+			wantURL:        "rels://10.0.0.5:443",
+			wantServerName: "relay.netbird.io",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "rel with port",
+			serverURL:      "rel://relay.example.com:80",
+			ip:             "192.0.2.1",
+			wantURL:        "rel://192.0.2.1:80",
+			wantServerName: "relay.example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "ipv6 server IP bracketed",
+			serverURL:      "rels://relay.example.com:443",
+			ip:             "2001:db8::1",
+			wantURL:        "rels://[2001:db8::1]:443",
+			wantServerName: "relay.example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "no port",
+			serverURL:      "rels://relay.example.com",
+			ip:             "10.0.0.5",
+			wantURL:        "rels://10.0.0.5",
+			wantServerName: "relay.example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "ipv6 server with port returns empty SNI",
+			serverURL:      "rels://[2001:db8::5]:443",
+			ip:             "10.0.0.5",
+			wantURL:        "rels://10.0.0.5:443",
+			wantServerName: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "ipv4 server with port returns empty SNI",
+			serverURL:      "rels://10.0.0.5:443",
+			ip:             "10.0.0.6",
+			wantURL:        "rels://10.0.0.6:443",
+			wantServerName: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "ipv6 server IP no port",
+			serverURL:      "rels://relay.example.com",
+			ip:             "2001:db8::1",
+			wantURL:        "rels://[2001:db8::1]",
+			wantServerName: "relay.example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "missing scheme",
+			serverURL: "relay.example.com:443",
+			ip:        "10.0.0.5",
+			wantErr:   true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "empty",
+			serverURL: "",
+			ip:        "10.0.0.5",
+			wantErr:   true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var ip netip.Addr
+			if tt.ip != "" {
+				ip = netip.MustParseAddr(tt.ip)
+			}
+			gotURL, gotName, err := substituteHost(tt.serverURL, ip)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("expected error, got nil")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+			}
+			if gotURL != tt.wantURL {
+				t.Errorf("URL = %q, want %q", gotURL, tt.wantURL)
+			}
+			if gotName != tt.wantServerName {
+				t.Errorf("ServerName = %q, want %q", gotName, tt.wantServerName)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClient_ConnectedIPEmptyWhenNotConnected(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewClient("rel://example.invalid:80", hmacTokenStore, "x", iface.DefaultMTU)
+	if got := c.ConnectedIP(); got.IsValid() {
+		t.Fatalf("ConnectedIP on disconnected client = %q, want zero", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// staticAddr is a net.Addr that returns a fixed string. Used to verify
+// ConnectedIP parses RemoteAddr correctly.
+type staticAddr struct{ s string }
+
+func (a staticAddr) Network() string { return "tcp" }
+func (a staticAddr) String() string  { return a.s }
+
+type stubConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	remote net.Addr
+}
+
+func (s stubConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr { return s.remote }
+
+func TestClient_ConnectedIPParsesRemoteAddr(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		s    string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"hostport ipv4", "127.0.0.1:50301", "127.0.0.1"},
+		{"hostport ipv6 bracketed", "[::1]:50301", "::1"},
+		{"url with ipv4", "rel://127.0.0.1:50301", "127.0.0.1"},
+		{"url with ipv6", "rels://[2001:db8::1]:443", "2001:db8::1"},
+		{"fqdn url returns empty", "rel://relay.example.com:50301", ""},
+		{"fqdn hostport returns empty", "relay.example.com:50301", ""},
+		{"plain ipv4 no port", "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.1"},
+		{"empty", "", ""},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := &Client{relayConn: stubConn{remote: staticAddr{s: tt.s}}}
+			got := c.ConnectedIP()
+			var gotStr string
+			if got.IsValid() {
+				gotStr = got.String()
+			}
+			if gotStr != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("ConnectedIP(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.s, gotStr, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// freeAddr returns a 127.0.0.1 address with an OS-assigned port. The
+// listener is closed before returning, so the port is briefly free for
+// the caller to bind. Avoids hardcoded ports that can collide.
+func freeAddr(t *testing.T) (string, int) {
+	t.Helper()
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("get free port: %s", err)
+	}
+	addr := l.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr)
+	_ = l.Close()
+	return addr.String(), addr.Port
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/capability.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/capability.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..511cb2ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/capability.go
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package dialer
+
+// DatagramSized is implemented by dialers whose connections carry each write in
+// a single datagram, so a write can be rejected when it exceeds the path's
+// datagram budget (e.g. QUIC). Transports without this capability (e.g.
+// WebSocket over TCP) impose no per-write size limit, so the relay client can
+// fall back to them when a datagram-sized transport rejects a write as too
+// large. The capability is advertised per dialer rather than hardcoded, so a
+// new transport only needs to declare whether it is datagram-sized.
+type DatagramSized interface {
+	DatagramSized()
+}
+
+// IsDatagramSized reports whether d produces datagram-sized connections.
+func IsDatagramSized(d DialeFn) bool {
+	_, ok := d.(DatagramSized)
+	return ok
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/net/err.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/net/err.go
index fee844963..c622420dc 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialer/net/err.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/net/err.go
@@ -4,4 +4,9 @@ import "errors"
 
 var (
 	ErrClosedByServer = errors.New("closed by server")
+
+	// ErrDatagramTooLarge is returned when a transport message exceeds the
+	// QUIC datagram size the path to the relay can carry. The relay client
+	// treats it as a signal to fall back to a non-datagram transport.
+	ErrDatagramTooLarge = errors.New("datagram frame too large")
 )
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/conn.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/conn.go
index 1d90d7139..e5ad77b29 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/conn.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/conn.go
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 
 	netErr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer/net"
 )
@@ -52,15 +51,17 @@ func (c *Conn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 }
 
 func (c *Conn) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	err := c.session.SendDatagram(b)
-	if err != nil {
-		err = c.remoteCloseErrHandling(err)
-		log.Errorf("failed to write to QUIC stream: %v", err)
-		return 0, err
+	if err := c.session.SendDatagram(b); err != nil {
+		return 0, c.writeErrHandling(err, len(b))
 	}
 	return len(b), nil
 }
 
+// Protocol returns the transport name for this connection.
+func (c *Conn) Protocol() string {
+	return Network
+}
+
 func (c *Conn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
 	return c.session.RemoteAddr()
 }
@@ -95,3 +96,15 @@ func (c *Conn) remoteCloseErrHandling(err error) error {
 	}
 	return err
 }
+
+// writeErrHandling normalizes SendDatagram errors. A datagram that exceeds the
+// path's QUIC packet budget is mapped to ErrDatagramTooLarge (annotated with the
+// datagram size and path budget) so the relay client can fall back to a
+// non-datagram transport.
+func (c *Conn) writeErrHandling(err error, size int) error {
+	var tooLarge *quic.DatagramTooLargeError
+	if errors.As(err, &tooLarge) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%w: %d byte datagram over path budget %d", netErr.ErrDatagramTooLarge, size, tooLarge.MaxDatagramPayloadSize)
+	}
+	return c.remoteCloseErrHandling(err)
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/quic.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/quic.go
index 2d7b00a80..cbf6ea30f 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/quic.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/quic.go
@@ -23,7 +23,13 @@ func (d Dialer) Protocol() string {
 	return Network
 }
 
-func (d Dialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+// DatagramSized marks QUIC as a datagram-sized transport: relay traffic is
+// carried in QUIC DATAGRAM frames, which must fit a single packet.
+func (d Dialer) DatagramSized() {
+	// Intentional marker method; presence is the capability signal.
+}
+
+func (d Dialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, address, serverName string) (net.Conn, error) {
 	quicURL, err := prepareURL(address)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -32,11 +38,14 @@ func (d Dialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
 	// Get the base TLS config
 	tlsClientConfig := quictls.ClientQUICTLSConfig()
 
-	// Set ServerName to hostname if not an IP address
-	host, _, splitErr := net.SplitHostPort(quicURL)
-	if splitErr == nil && net.ParseIP(host) == nil {
-		// It's a hostname, not an IP - modify directly
-		tlsClientConfig.ServerName = host
+	switch {
+	case serverName != "" && net.ParseIP(serverName) == nil:
+		tlsClientConfig.ServerName = serverName
+	default:
+		host, _, splitErr := net.SplitHostPort(quicURL)
+		if splitErr == nil && net.ParseIP(host) == nil {
+			tlsClientConfig.ServerName = host
+		}
 	}
 
 	quicConfig := &quic.Config{
@@ -44,18 +53,17 @@ func (d Dialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
 		MaxIdleTimeout:    4 * time.Minute,
 		EnableDatagrams:   true,
 		InitialPacketSize: nbRelay.QUICInitialPacketSize,
+		Tracer:            connectionTracer(quicURL),
 	}
 
-	udpConn, err := nbnet.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4zero, Port: 0})
+	udpConn, err := nbnet.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{Port: 0})
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to listen on UDP: %s", err)
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("listen udp: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	udpAddr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", quicURL)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Errorf("failed to resolve UDP address: %s", err)
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("resolve %s: %w", quicURL, err)
 	}
 
 	session, err := quic.Dial(ctx, udpConn, udpAddr, tlsClientConfig, quicConfig)
@@ -63,7 +71,7 @@ func (d Dialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
 		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		log.Errorf("failed to dial to Relay server via QUIC '%s': %s", quicURL, err)
+		log.Debugf("failed to dial to Relay server via QUIC '%s': %s", quicURL, err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/quic_test.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/quic_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af210eba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/quic_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+package quic
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/qlog"
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/qlogwriter"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus/hooks/test"
+)
+
+func TestCloseReason(t *testing.T) {
+	transportErr := qlog.TransportErrorCode(0x2) // CONNECTION_REFUSED
+	appErr := qlog.ApplicationErrorCode(42)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		event qlog.ConnectionClosed
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{
+			// A close carrying nothing but an initiator still reads sensibly.
+			name:  "initiator only",
+			event: qlog.ConnectionClosed{Initiator: qlog.InitiatorLocal},
+			want:  "closed by local",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "transport error with trigger",
+			event: qlog.ConnectionClosed{
+				Initiator:       qlog.InitiatorRemote,
+				ConnectionError: &transportErr,
+				Trigger:         qlog.ConnectionCloseTriggerIdleTimeout,
+			},
+			want: "closed by remote, transport error: CONNECTION_REFUSED, trigger: idle_timeout",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "application error with reason",
+			event: qlog.ConnectionClosed{
+				Initiator:        qlog.InitiatorLocal,
+				ApplicationError: &appErr,
+				Reason:           "bye",
+			},
+			want: "closed by local, application error: 42, reason: bye",
+		},
+		{
+			// Transport and application errors are mutually exclusive in
+			// practice; if both are set the transport code wins.
+			name: "transport error takes precedence over application error",
+			event: qlog.ConnectionClosed{
+				Initiator:        qlog.InitiatorLocal,
+				ConnectionError:  &transportErr,
+				ApplicationError: &appErr,
+			},
+			want: "closed by local, transport error: CONNECTION_REFUSED",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := closeReason(tt.event); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("closeReason() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLogSinkRecordEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		event     qlogwriter.Event
+		wantLevel log.Level
+		wantMsg   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "settled MTU is logged at info",
+			event:     qlog.MTUUpdated{Value: 1400, Done: true},
+			wantLevel: log.InfoLevel,
+			wantMsg:   "QUIC path MTU settled at 1400",
+		},
+		{
+			// Probing fires repeatedly during discovery, so it stays at debug.
+			name:      "MTU probe is logged at debug",
+			event:     qlog.MTUUpdated{Value: 1300, Done: false},
+			wantLevel: log.DebugLevel,
+			wantMsg:   "QUIC path MTU probing at 1300",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "connection closed is logged at debug",
+			event:     qlog.ConnectionClosed{Initiator: qlog.InitiatorRemote},
+			wantLevel: log.DebugLevel,
+			wantMsg:   "QUIC connection closed: closed by remote",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			logger, hook := test.NewNullLogger()
+			logger.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+			recorder := logSink{log: logger.WithField("relay", "relay.example.com:443")}
+
+			recorder.RecordEvent(tt.event)
+
+			entries := hook.AllEntries()
+			if len(entries) != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("got %d log entries, want 1", len(entries))
+			}
+			if entries[0].Level != tt.wantLevel {
+				t.Errorf("level = %v, want %v", entries[0].Level, tt.wantLevel)
+			}
+			if entries[0].Message != tt.wantMsg {
+				t.Errorf("message = %q, want %q", entries[0].Message, tt.wantMsg)
+			}
+			if relay := entries[0].Data["relay"]; relay != "relay.example.com:443" {
+				t.Errorf("relay field = %v, want relay.example.com:443", relay)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Events the relay client does not care about must not produce log lines.
+func TestLogSinkIgnoresUnhandledEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	logger, hook := test.NewNullLogger()
+	logger.SetLevel(log.DebugLevel)
+	recorder := logSink{log: logger.WithField("relay", "relay.example.com:443")}
+
+	recorder.RecordEvent(qlog.PacketLost{})
+
+	if entries := hook.AllEntries(); len(entries) != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("got %d log entries, want 0", len(entries))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLogSinkSupportsSchemas(t *testing.T) {
+	trace := logSink{log: log.WithField("relay", "relay.example.com:443")}
+
+	if !trace.SupportsSchemas(qlog.EventSchema) {
+		t.Errorf("SupportsSchemas(%q) = false, want true", qlog.EventSchema)
+	}
+	if trace.SupportsSchemas("urn:ietf:params:qlog:events:http3-12") {
+		t.Error("SupportsSchemas() = true for an unrelated schema, want false")
+	}
+	if trace.AddProducer() == nil {
+		t.Error("AddProducer() = nil, want a recorder")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/tracer.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/tracer.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63be09f0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic/tracer.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package quic
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go"
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/qlog"
+	"github.com/quic-go/quic-go/qlogwriter"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// logSink implements both qlogwriter.Trace and qlogwriter.Recorder, forwarding
+// the few qlog events the relay client cares about to logrus instead of
+// writing a qlog file. It holds no mutable state and logrus entries are safe
+// to share, so one value can serve every producer on the connection.
+type logSink struct {
+	log *log.Entry
+}
+
+func (s logSink) AddProducer() qlogwriter.Recorder { return s }
+
+func (s logSink) SupportsSchemas(schema string) bool { return schema == qlog.EventSchema }
+
+func (s logSink) RecordEvent(event qlogwriter.Event) {
+	switch e := event.(type) {
+	case qlog.MTUUpdated:
+		if e.Done {
+			s.log.Infof("QUIC path MTU settled at %d", e.Value)
+			return
+		}
+		s.log.Debugf("QUIC path MTU probing at %d", e.Value)
+	case qlog.ConnectionClosed:
+		s.log.Debugf("QUIC connection closed: %s", closeReason(e))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s logSink) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// connectionTracer returns a QUIC tracer that logs the DPLPMTUD result and the
+// reason a relay connection closed, so the path MTU settled on and teardown
+// cause are visible in logs. Lines carry the relay address as a structured
+// field, matching the rest of the relay client logging.
+func connectionTracer(addr string) func(context.Context, bool, quic.ConnectionID) qlogwriter.Trace {
+	relayLog := log.WithField("relay", addr)
+	return func(context.Context, bool, quic.ConnectionID) qlogwriter.Trace {
+		return logSink{log: relayLog}
+	}
+}
+
+// closeReason renders a ConnectionClosed event as a single line. The event
+// carries the error as separate initiator, code, trigger and reason fields,
+// any of which may be unset.
+func closeReason(e qlog.ConnectionClosed) string {
+	parts := []string{fmt.Sprintf("closed by %s", e.Initiator)}
+	switch {
+	case e.ConnectionError != nil:
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("transport error: %s", *e.ConnectionError))
+	case e.ApplicationError != nil:
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("application error: %d", *e.ApplicationError))
+	}
+	if e.Trigger != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("trigger: %s", e.Trigger))
+	}
+	if e.Reason != "" {
+		parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("reason: %s", e.Reason))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, ", ")
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/race_dialer.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/race_dialer.go
index 34359d17e..d183802d0 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialer/race_dialer.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/race_dialer.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package dialer
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net"
 	"time"
 
@@ -14,7 +15,9 @@ const (
 )
 
 type DialeFn interface {
-	Dial(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error)
+	// Dial connects to address. serverName, when non-empty, overrides the TLS
+	// ServerName used for SNI/cert validation. Empty means derive from address.
+	Dial(ctx context.Context, address, serverName string) (net.Conn, error)
 	Protocol() string
 }
 
@@ -27,8 +30,10 @@ type dialResult struct {
 type RaceDial struct {
 	log               *log.Entry
 	serverURL         string
+	serverName        string
 	dialerFns         []DialeFn
 	connectionTimeout time.Duration
+	sequential        bool
 }
 
 func NewRaceDial(log *log.Entry, connectionTimeout time.Duration, serverURL string, dialerFns ...DialeFn) *RaceDial {
@@ -40,9 +45,34 @@ func NewRaceDial(log *log.Entry, connectionTimeout time.Duration, serverURL stri
 	}
 }
 
+// WithServerName sets a TLS SNI/cert validation override. Used when serverURL
+// contains an IP literal but the cert is issued for a different hostname.
+//
+// Mutates the receiver and is not safe for concurrent reconfiguration; a
+// RaceDial is intended to be constructed per dial and discarded.
+func (r *RaceDial) WithServerName(serverName string) *RaceDial {
+	r.serverName = serverName
+	return r
+}
+
+// WithSequential makes Dial try the dialers in order, falling back to the next
+// only when one fails to connect, instead of racing them concurrently.
+//
+// Mutates the receiver and is not safe for concurrent reconfiguration; a
+// RaceDial is intended to be constructed per dial and discarded.
+func (r *RaceDial) WithSequential() *RaceDial {
+	r.sequential = true
+	return r
+}
+
 func (r *RaceDial) Dial(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if r.sequential {
+		return r.dialSequential(ctx)
+	}
+
 	connChan := make(chan dialResult, len(r.dialerFns))
 	winnerConn := make(chan net.Conn, 1)
+	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
 	abortCtx, abort := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	defer abort()
 
@@ -50,26 +80,53 @@ func (r *RaceDial) Dial(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
 		go r.dial(dfn, abortCtx, connChan)
 	}
 
-	go r.processResults(connChan, winnerConn, abort)
+	go r.processResults(connChan, winnerConn, errChan, abort)
 
 	conn, ok := <-winnerConn
 	if !ok {
-		return nil, errors.New("failed to dial to Relay server on any protocol")
+		return nil, <-errChan
 	}
 	return conn, nil
 }
 
+// dialSequential tries each dialer in order, returning the first connection and
+// falling back to the next on failure.
+func (r *RaceDial) dialSequential(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
+	var errs []error
+	for _, dfn := range r.dialerFns {
+		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		attemptCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, r.connectionTimeout)
+		r.log.Infof("dialing Relay server via %s", dfn.Protocol())
+		conn, err := dfn.Dial(attemptCtx, r.serverURL, r.serverName)
+		cancel()
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			r.log.Errorf("failed to dial via %s: %s", dfn.Protocol(), err)
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", dfn.Protocol(), err))
+			continue
+		}
+		r.log.Infof("successfully dialed via: %s", dfn.Protocol())
+		return conn, nil
+	}
+	return nil, dialErr(errs)
+}
+
 func (r *RaceDial) dial(dfn DialeFn, abortCtx context.Context, connChan chan dialResult) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(abortCtx, r.connectionTimeout)
 	defer cancel()
 
 	r.log.Infof("dialing Relay server via %s", dfn.Protocol())
-	conn, err := dfn.Dial(ctx, r.serverURL)
+	conn, err := dfn.Dial(ctx, r.serverURL, r.serverName)
 	connChan <- dialResult{Conn: conn, Protocol: dfn.Protocol(), Err: err}
 }
 
-func (r *RaceDial) processResults(connChan chan dialResult, winnerConn chan net.Conn, abort context.CancelFunc) {
+func (r *RaceDial) processResults(connChan chan dialResult, winnerConn chan net.Conn, errChan chan error, abort context.CancelFunc) {
 	var hasWinner bool
+	errsByProtocol := make(map[string]error)
 	for i := 0; i < len(r.dialerFns); i++ {
 		dr := <-connChan
 		if dr.Err != nil {
@@ -77,6 +134,7 @@ func (r *RaceDial) processResults(connChan chan dialResult, winnerConn chan net.
 				r.log.Infof("connection attempt aborted via: %s", dr.Protocol)
 			} else {
 				r.log.Errorf("failed to dial via %s: %s", dr.Protocol, dr.Err)
+				errsByProtocol[dr.Protocol] = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", dr.Protocol, dr.Err)
 			}
 			continue
 		}
@@ -94,5 +152,29 @@ func (r *RaceDial) processResults(connChan chan dialResult, winnerConn chan net.
 		hasWinner = true
 		winnerConn <- dr.Conn
 	}
+	if !hasWinner {
+		errChan <- dialErr(r.orderedErrs(errsByProtocol))
+	}
 	close(winnerConn)
 }
+
+// orderedErrs returns the per-protocol errors in dialer order, so the combined
+// error is stable regardless of which attempt failed first.
+func (r *RaceDial) orderedErrs(byProtocol map[string]error) []error {
+	errs := make([]error, 0, len(byProtocol))
+	for _, dfn := range r.dialerFns {
+		if err, ok := byProtocol[dfn.Protocol()]; ok {
+			errs = append(errs, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return errs
+}
+
+// dialErr combines per-dialer failures, preserving the underlying reasons
+// (e.g. "connection refused") rather than a generic message.
+func dialErr(errs []error) error {
+	if len(errs) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("no relay transport available")
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/race_dialer_test.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/race_dialer_test.go
index aa18df578..bd2f4bb85 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialer/race_dialer_test.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/race_dialer_test.go
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ type MockDialer struct {
 	protocolStr string
 }
 
-func (m *MockDialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+func (m *MockDialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, address, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
 	return m.dialFunc(ctx, address)
 }
 
@@ -250,3 +250,66 @@ func TestRaceDialFirstSuccessfulDialerWins(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRaceDialSequentialFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := logrus.NewEntry(logrus.New())
+	serverURL := "test.server.com"
+
+	var firstDialed, secondDialed bool
+	preferred := &MockDialer{
+		protocolStr: "quic",
+		dialFunc: func(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			firstDialed = true
+			return nil, errors.New("quic unreachable")
+		},
+	}
+	fallbackConn := &MockConn{remoteAddr: &MockAddr{network: "ws"}}
+	fallback := &MockDialer{
+		protocolStr: "ws",
+		dialFunc: func(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			secondDialed = true
+			return fallbackConn, nil
+		},
+	}
+
+	rd := NewRaceDial(logger, DefaultConnectionTimeout, serverURL, preferred, fallback).WithSequential()
+	conn, err := rd.Dial(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected fallback to succeed, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if conn != fallbackConn {
+		t.Errorf("expected fallback connection, got %v", conn)
+	}
+	if !firstDialed || !secondDialed {
+		t.Errorf("expected both dialers attempted in order, first=%v second=%v", firstDialed, secondDialed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRaceDialSequentialPreferredWins(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := logrus.NewEntry(logrus.New())
+	serverURL := "test.server.com"
+
+	preferredConn := &MockConn{remoteAddr: &MockAddr{network: "quic"}}
+	preferred := &MockDialer{
+		protocolStr: "quic",
+		dialFunc: func(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return preferredConn, nil
+		},
+	}
+	fallback := &MockDialer{
+		protocolStr: "ws",
+		dialFunc: func(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			t.Errorf("fallback dialer must not be tried when preferred succeeds")
+			return nil, errors.New("should not happen")
+		},
+	}
+
+	rd := NewRaceDial(logger, DefaultConnectionTimeout, serverURL, preferred, fallback).WithSequential()
+	conn, err := rd.Dial(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected preferred to succeed, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if conn != preferredConn {
+		t.Errorf("expected preferred connection, got %v", conn)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/close_generic.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/close_generic.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35cd29bcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/close_generic.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//go:build !js
+
+package ws
+
+// closeConn closes the underlying WebSocket immediately, skipping the close
+// handshake.
+func (c *Conn) closeConn() error {
+	return c.Conn.CloseNow()
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/close_js.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/close_js.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab51531a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/close_js.go
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build js
+
+package ws
+
+import (
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// closeConn closes the browser WebSocket without blocking the caller.
+//
+// The browser close API only accepts codes 1000 and 3000-4999, so CloseNow's
+// 1001 (going away) throws an InvalidAccessError. Close with a valid code
+// waits for the browser close event before returning, which can park the
+// calling goroutine (the relay teardown path holds its mutexes while closing)
+// until the close handshake finishes. Run the close in the background and
+// report success; a teardown close error is not actionable.
+func (c *Conn) closeConn() error {
+	go func() {
+		if err := c.Conn.Close(websocket.StatusNormalClosure, ""); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("failed to close relay websocket: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/conn.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/conn.go
index d5b719f51..5dc147fb0 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/conn.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/conn.go
@@ -12,17 +12,32 @@ import (
 type Conn struct {
 	ctx context.Context
 	*websocket.Conn
-	remoteAddr WebsocketAddr
+	remoteAddr net.Addr
 }
 
-func NewConn(wsConn *websocket.Conn, serverAddress string) net.Conn {
+// NewConn builds a relay ws.Conn. underlying is the raw TCP/TLS conn captured
+// from the http transport's DialContext; when set, RemoteAddr returns its
+// peer address (an IP literal). When nil (e.g. wasm), RemoteAddr falls back
+// to the dial-time URL.
+func NewConn(wsConn *websocket.Conn, serverAddress string, underlying net.Conn) net.Conn {
+	var addr net.Addr = WebsocketAddr{serverAddress}
+	if underlying != nil {
+		if ra := underlying.RemoteAddr(); ra != nil {
+			addr = ra
+		}
+	}
 	return &Conn{
 		ctx:        context.Background(),
 		Conn:       wsConn,
-		remoteAddr: WebsocketAddr{serverAddress},
+		remoteAddr: addr,
 	}
 }
 
+// Protocol returns the transport name for this connection.
+func (c *Conn) Protocol() string {
+	return Network
+}
+
 func (c *Conn) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	t, ioReader, err := c.Conn.Reader(c.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -62,5 +77,5 @@ func (c *Conn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
 }
 
 func (c *Conn) Close() error {
-	return c.Conn.CloseNow()
+	return c.closeConn()
 }
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/dialopts_generic.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/dialopts_generic.go
index 9dfe698d0..8008d89d3 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/dialopts_generic.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/dialopts_generic.go
@@ -2,10 +2,14 @@
 
 package ws
 
-import "github.com/coder/websocket"
+import (
+	"net"
 
-func createDialOptions() *websocket.DialOptions {
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+)
+
+func createDialOptions(serverName string, underlyingOut *net.Conn) *websocket.DialOptions {
 	return &websocket.DialOptions{
-		HTTPClient: httpClientNbDialer(),
+		HTTPClient: httpClientNbDialer(serverName, underlyingOut),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/dialopts_js.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/dialopts_js.go
index 7eac27531..5b11fe765 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/dialopts_js.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/dialopts_js.go
@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 
 package ws
 
-import "github.com/coder/websocket"
+import (
+	"net"
 
-func createDialOptions() *websocket.DialOptions {
-	// WASM version doesn't support HTTPClient
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+)
+
+func createDialOptions(_ string, _ *net.Conn) *websocket.DialOptions {
+	// WASM version doesn't support HTTPClient or custom TLS config.
 	return &websocket.DialOptions{}
 }
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/ws.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/ws.go
index 37b189e05..6b310b73d 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/ws.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/ws.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
-	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/coder/websocket"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -23,48 +22,66 @@ type Dialer struct {
 }
 
 func (d Dialer) Protocol() string {
-	return "WS"
+	return Network
 }
 
-func (d Dialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
+func (d Dialer) Dial(ctx context.Context, address, serverName string) (net.Conn, error) {
 	wsURL, err := prepareURL(address)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	opts := createDialOptions()
+	var underlying net.Conn
+	opts := createDialOptions(serverName, &underlying)
 
-	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(wsURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	parsedURL.Path = relay.WebSocketURLPath
-
-	wsConn, resp, err := websocket.Dial(ctx, parsedURL.String(), opts)
+	wsConn, resp, err := websocket.Dial(ctx, wsURL, opts)
 	if err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		log.Errorf("failed to dial to Relay server '%s': %s", wsURL, err)
+		// websocket.Dial wraps the cause in verbose layers; surface the
+		// underlying network error when present.
+		var opErr *net.OpError
+		if errors.As(err, &opErr) {
+			return nil, opErr
+		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if resp.Body != nil {
 		_ = resp.Body.Close()
 	}
 
-	conn := NewConn(wsConn, address)
+	conn := NewConn(wsConn, address, underlying)
 	return conn, nil
 }
 
+// prepareURL rewrites a rel://host[:port] or rels://host[:port] address into a
+// ws://host[:port]/relay or wss://host[:port]/relay URL, preserving any
+// non-standard port from the input.
 func prepareURL(address string) (string, error) {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(address, "rel:") && !strings.HasPrefix(address, "rels:") {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported scheme: %s", address)
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(address)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("parse relay address %q: %w", address, err)
 	}
-
-	return strings.Replace(address, "rel", "ws", 1), nil
+	switch parsed.Scheme {
+	case "rel":
+		parsed.Scheme = "ws"
+	case "rels":
+		parsed.Scheme = "wss"
+	default:
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported scheme: %s", parsed.Scheme)
+	}
+	if parsed.Host == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("missing host in relay address %q", address)
+	}
+	parsed.Path = relay.WebSocketURLPath
+	return parsed.String(), nil
 }
 
-func httpClientNbDialer() *http.Client {
+// httpClientNbDialer builds the http client used by the websocket library.
+// underlyingOut, when non-nil, is populated with the raw conn from the
+// transport's DialContext so the caller can read its RemoteAddr.
+func httpClientNbDialer(serverName string, underlyingOut *net.Conn) *http.Client {
 	customDialer := nbnet.NewDialer()
 
 	certPool, err := x509.SystemCertPool()
@@ -75,10 +92,15 @@ func httpClientNbDialer() *http.Client {
 
 	customTransport := &http.Transport{
 		DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			return customDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
+			c, err := customDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
+			if err == nil && underlyingOut != nil {
+				*underlyingOut = c
+			}
+			return c, err
 		},
 		TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
-			RootCAs: certPool,
+			RootCAs:    certPool,
+			ServerName: serverName,
 		},
 	}
 
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/ws_test.go b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/ws_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7357adbc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws/ws_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package ws
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPrepareURL(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		input   string
+		want    string
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "rel scheme with non-standard port",
+			input: "rel://test-domain-2:45678",
+			want:  "ws://test-domain-2:45678/relay",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "rels scheme with non-standard port",
+			input: "rels://test-domain-2:45678",
+			want:  "wss://test-domain-2:45678/relay",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "rel scheme without port",
+			input: "rel://test-domain-2",
+			want:  "ws://test-domain-2/relay",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "rels scheme without port",
+			input: "rels://test-domain-2",
+			want:  "wss://test-domain-2/relay",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "rel scheme with IP and port",
+			input: "rel://1.2.3.4:45678",
+			want:  "ws://1.2.3.4:45678/relay",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "rel scheme with hostname starting with rel",
+			input: "rel://relay.example.com:45678",
+			want:  "ws://relay.example.com:45678/relay",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "rel scheme with IPv6 and port",
+			input: "rel://[2001:db8::1]:45678",
+			want:  "ws://[2001:db8::1]:45678/relay",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "rels scheme with IPv6 loopback and port",
+			input: "rels://[::1]:45678",
+			want:  "wss://[::1]:45678/relay",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "unsupported scheme",
+			input:   "http://test-domain-2:45678",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "no scheme",
+			input:   "test-domain-2:45678",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := prepareURL(tt.input)
+			if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
+				t.Fatalf("prepareURL(%q) err = %v, wantErr %v", tt.input, err, tt.wantErr)
+			}
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("prepareURL(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.input, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialers_generic.go b/shared/relay/client/dialers_generic.go
index a8ed79961..95e319338 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialers_generic.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialers_generic.go
@@ -9,11 +9,42 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws"
 )
 
-// getDialers returns the list of dialers to use for connecting to the relay server.
-func (c *Client) getDialers() []dialer.DialeFn {
-	if c.mtu > 0 && c.mtu > iface.DefaultMTU {
-		c.log.Infof("MTU %d exceeds default (%d), forcing WebSocket transport to avoid DATAGRAM frame size issues", c.mtu, iface.DefaultMTU)
-		return []dialer.DialeFn{ws.Dialer{}}
+// getDialers returns the ordered dialers for connecting to the relay server. It
+// applies the datagram fallback generically: if this server recently rejected a
+// datagram-sized transport, those dialers are dropped, leaving the rest.
+func (c *Client) getDialers(mode TransportMode) []dialer.DialeFn {
+	dialers := c.baseDialers(mode)
+
+	if c.transportFallback != nil && c.transportFallback.avoidDatagramSized(c.connectionURL) {
+		if filtered := nonDatagramSized(dialers); len(filtered) > 0 {
+			c.log.Infof("relay recently rejected a datagram-sized transport, avoiding it")
+			return filtered
+		}
 	}
-	return []dialer.DialeFn{quic.Dialer{}, ws.Dialer{}}
+	return dialers
+}
+
+// baseDialers returns the ordered dialers for the mode, before any datagram
+// fallback filtering. For racing modes (auto) the order is irrelevant; for
+// prefer modes the first entry is tried before falling back to the second.
+func (c *Client) baseDialers(mode TransportMode) []dialer.DialeFn {
+	switch mode {
+	case TransportModeWS:
+		c.log.Infof("%s=ws, using WebSocket transport", EnvRelayTransport)
+		return []dialer.DialeFn{ws.Dialer{}}
+	case TransportModeQUIC:
+		c.log.Infof("%s=quic, using QUIC transport", EnvRelayTransport)
+		return []dialer.DialeFn{quic.Dialer{}}
+	}
+
+	all := []dialer.DialeFn{quic.Dialer{}, ws.Dialer{}}
+	if mode == TransportModePreferWS {
+		all = []dialer.DialeFn{ws.Dialer{}, quic.Dialer{}}
+	}
+
+	if c.mtu > 0 && c.mtu > iface.DefaultMTU {
+		c.log.Infof("MTU %d exceeds default (%d), avoiding datagram-sized transports", c.mtu, iface.DefaultMTU)
+		return nonDatagramSized(all)
+	}
+	return all
 }
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialers_generic_test.go b/shared/relay/client/dialers_generic_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f6c885108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialers_generic_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+//go:build !js
+
+package client
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer"
+	netErr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer/net"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer/quic"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws"
+)
+
+// TestDatagramSizedCapability locks the capability the generic fallback relies
+// on: QUIC is datagram-sized, WebSocket is not.
+func TestDatagramSizedCapability(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.True(t, dialer.IsDatagramSized(quic.Dialer{}), "QUIC must advertise datagram-sized")
+	assert.False(t, dialer.IsDatagramSized(ws.Dialer{}), "WebSocket must not advertise datagram-sized")
+}
+
+func protocols(dialers []dialer.DialeFn) []string {
+	out := make([]string, len(dialers))
+	for i, d := range dialers {
+		out[i] = d.Protocol()
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func TestGetDialers(t *testing.T) {
+	const url = "rels://relay.example:443"
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		mode     string
+		mtu      uint16
+		preferWS bool
+		want     []string
+	}{
+		{name: "auto races quic and ws", mode: "auto", mtu: iface.DefaultMTU, want: []string{"quic", "ws"}},
+		{name: "ws pinned", mode: "ws", mtu: iface.DefaultMTU, want: []string{"ws"}},
+		{name: "quic pinned", mode: "quic", mtu: iface.DefaultMTU, want: []string{"quic"}},
+		{name: "prefer-quic orders quic first", mode: "prefer-quic", mtu: iface.DefaultMTU, want: []string{"quic", "ws"}},
+		{name: "prefer-ws orders ws first", mode: "prefer-ws", mtu: iface.DefaultMTU, want: []string{"ws", "quic"}},
+		{name: "mtu above default forces ws", mode: "auto", mtu: iface.DefaultMTU + 100, want: []string{"ws"}},
+		{name: "sticky fallback forces ws in auto", mode: "auto", mtu: iface.DefaultMTU, preferWS: true, want: []string{"ws"}},
+		{name: "sticky fallback forces ws in prefer-quic", mode: "prefer-quic", mtu: iface.DefaultMTU, preferWS: true, want: []string{"ws"}},
+		{name: "quic pin overrides sticky fallback", mode: "quic", mtu: iface.DefaultMTU, preferWS: true, want: []string{"quic"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(EnvRelayTransport, tc.mode)
+			if tc.mode == "" {
+				os.Unsetenv(EnvRelayTransport)
+			}
+
+			tf := newTransportFallback()
+			if tc.preferWS {
+				tf.recordFailure(url)
+			}
+
+			c := &Client{
+				log:               log.WithField("test", t.Name()),
+				connectionURL:     url,
+				mtu:               tc.mtu,
+				transportFallback: tf,
+			}
+
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, protocols(c.getDialers(transportModeFromEnv())))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStickyFallbackAfterDatagramTooLarge verifies the full chain: an oversized
+// datagram records a fallback that makes the next dial pick WebSocket, the way a
+// reconnect would after the connection is closed.
+func TestStickyFallbackAfterDatagramTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+	const url = "rels://relay.example:443"
+	t.Setenv(EnvRelayTransport, string(TransportModeAuto))
+
+	c := &Client{
+		log:               log.WithField("test", t.Name()),
+		connectionURL:     url,
+		mtu:               iface.DefaultMTU,
+		transportFallback: newTransportFallback(),
+	}
+
+	// First dial races both transports.
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"quic", "ws"}, protocols(c.getDialers(transportModeFromEnv())))
+
+	// An oversized datagram records the fallback for this server.
+	c.onDatagramTooLarge(&closeTrackingConn{}, netErr.ErrDatagramTooLarge)
+
+	// The reconnect now sticks to WebSocket.
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"ws"}, protocols(c.getDialers(transportModeFromEnv())))
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/dialers_js.go b/shared/relay/client/dialers_js.go
index 6bd0e6696..c93787729 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/dialers_js.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/dialers_js.go
@@ -7,7 +7,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer/ws"
 )
 
-func (c *Client) getDialers() []dialer.DialeFn {
+func (c *Client) getDialers(_ TransportMode) []dialer.DialeFn {
 	// JS/WASM build only uses WebSocket transport
 	return []dialer.DialeFn{ws.Dialer{}}
 }
+
+func (c *Client) baseDialers(_ TransportMode) []dialer.DialeFn {
+	return []dialer.DialeFn{ws.Dialer{}}
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/early_msg_buffer.go b/shared/relay/client/early_msg_buffer.go
index 52ff4d42e..d74009d10 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/early_msg_buffer.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/early_msg_buffer.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	earlyMsgTTL      = 5 * time.Second
-	earlyMsgCapacity = 1000
+	earlyMsgCapacity = 10000
 )
 
 // earlyMsgBuffer buffers transport messages that arrive before the corresponding
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/guard.go b/shared/relay/client/guard.go
index f4d3a8cce..c0294b82d 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/guard.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/guard.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
@@ -9,28 +10,69 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	// TODO: make it configurable, the manager should validate all configurable parameters
-	reconnectingTimeout = 60 * time.Second
+	defaultMaxBackoffInterval = 60 * time.Second
+
+	// quickReconnectBudget bounds how long a quick reconnect waits for the
+	// network before handing the retry over to the ticker.
+	quickReconnectBudget = 1500 * time.Millisecond
+
+	// verdictSettleWindow is how long an online verdict must hold before it
+	// is trusted: the disconnect often precedes the OS offline flag by a few
+	// milliseconds.
+	verdictSettleWindow = 200 * time.Millisecond
 )
 
+// NetworkWatcher is the availability view the guard gates reconnects on.
+type NetworkWatcher interface {
+	Wait(ctx context.Context) (bool, error)
+	IsOnline() bool
+	WaitSettled(ctx context.Context, budget, settleWindow time.Duration) bool
+}
+
 // Guard manage the reconnection tries to the Relay server in case of disconnection event.
 type Guard struct {
 	// OnNewRelayClient is a channel that is used to notify the relay manager about a new relay client instance.
 	OnNewRelayClient chan *Client
 	OnReconnected    chan struct{}
 	serverPicker     *ServerPicker
+
+	// maxBackoffInterval caps the exponential backoff between reconnect
+	// attempts.
+	maxBackoffInterval time.Duration
+
+	// netWatcher gates reconnect attempts on OS-reported network availability.
+	netWatcher NetworkWatcher
+
+	// lastErr is the error from the most recent failed reconnect attempt,
+	// surfaced as the home relay status while disconnected.
+	lastErr atomic.Pointer[error]
 }
 
-// NewGuard creates a new guard for the relay client.
-func NewGuard(sp *ServerPicker) *Guard {
+// NewGuard creates a new guard for the relay client. A non-positive
+// maxBackoffInterval falls back to defaultMaxBackoffInterval.
+func NewGuard(sp *ServerPicker, maxBackoffInterval time.Duration, netWatcher NetworkWatcher) *Guard {
+	if maxBackoffInterval <= 0 {
+		maxBackoffInterval = defaultMaxBackoffInterval
+	}
 	g := &Guard{
-		OnNewRelayClient: make(chan *Client, 1),
-		OnReconnected:    make(chan struct{}, 1),
-		serverPicker:     sp,
+		OnNewRelayClient:   make(chan *Client, 1),
+		OnReconnected:      make(chan struct{}, 1),
+		serverPicker:       sp,
+		maxBackoffInterval: maxBackoffInterval,
+		netWatcher:         netWatcher,
 	}
 	return g
 }
 
+// LastError returns the error from the most recent failed reconnect attempt, or
+// nil if reconnection last succeeded.
+func (g *Guard) LastError() error {
+	if p := g.lastErr.Load(); p != nil {
+		return *p
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // StartReconnectTrys is called when the relay client is disconnected from the relay server.
 // It attempts to reconnect to the relay server. The function first tries a quick reconnect
 // to the same server that was used before, if the server URL is still valid. If the quick
@@ -49,14 +91,27 @@ func (g *Guard) StartReconnectTrys(ctx context.Context, relayClient *Client) {
 	}
 
 	// start a ticker to pick a new server
-	ticker := exponentTicker(ctx)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
+	ticker := g.exponentTicker(ctx)
+	defer func() {
+		ticker.Stop()
+	}()
 
 	for {
 		select {
 		case <-ticker.C:
+			// suspend reconnect attempts while the OS reports no usable network
+			if g.netWatcher != nil {
+				if waited, err := g.netWatcher.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
+					return
+				} else if waited {
+					ticker.Stop()
+					ticker = g.exponentTicker(ctx)
+					continue
+				}
+			}
 			if err := g.retry(ctx); err != nil {
 				log.Errorf("failed to pick new Relay server: %s", err)
+				g.setLastError(err)
 				continue
 			}
 			return
@@ -66,6 +121,10 @@ func (g *Guard) StartReconnectTrys(ctx context.Context, relayClient *Client) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (g *Guard) setLastError(err error) {
+	g.lastErr.Store(&err)
+}
+
 func (g *Guard) tryToQuickReconnect(parentCtx context.Context, rc *Client) bool {
 	if rc == nil {
 		return false
@@ -75,14 +134,25 @@ func (g *Guard) tryToQuickReconnect(parentCtx context.Context, rc *Client) bool
 		return false
 	}
 
-	if cancelled := waiteBeforeRetry(parentCtx); !cancelled {
-		return false
+	if g.netWatcher != nil {
+		if ok := g.netWatcher.WaitSettled(parentCtx, quickReconnectBudget, verdictSettleWindow); !ok {
+			return false
+		}
+		// Still offline after the budget: leave the retry to the ticker.
+		if !g.netWatcher.IsOnline() {
+			return false
+		}
+	} else {
+		if cancelled := waitBeforeRetry(parentCtx); !cancelled {
+			return false
+		}
 	}
 
 	log.Infof("try to reconnect to Relay server: %s", rc.connectionURL)
 
 	if err := rc.Connect(parentCtx); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("failed to reconnect to relay server: %s", err)
+		g.setLastError(err)
 		return false
 	}
 	return true
@@ -94,6 +164,7 @@ func (g *Guard) retry(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	g.setLastError(nil)
 
 	// prevent to work with a deprecated Relay client instance
 	g.drainRelayClientChan()
@@ -119,25 +190,28 @@ func (g *Guard) isServerURLStillValid(rc *Client) bool {
 }
 
 func (g *Guard) notifyReconnected() {
+	g.setLastError(nil)
 	select {
 	case g.OnReconnected <- struct{}{}:
 	default:
 	}
 }
 
-func exponentTicker(ctx context.Context) *backoff.Ticker {
+func (g *Guard) exponentTicker(ctx context.Context) *backoff.Ticker {
 	bo := backoff.WithContext(&backoff.ExponentialBackOff{
 		InitialInterval: 2 * time.Second,
-		Multiplier:      2,
-		MaxInterval:     reconnectingTimeout,
-		Clock:           backoff.SystemClock,
+		// Spreads the reconnects of every client that lost the same relay server.
+		RandomizationFactor: backoff.DefaultRandomizationFactor,
+		Multiplier:          2,
+		MaxInterval:         g.maxBackoffInterval,
+		Clock:               backoff.SystemClock,
 	}, ctx)
 
 	return backoff.NewTicker(bo)
 }
 
-func waiteBeforeRetry(ctx context.Context) bool {
-	timer := time.NewTimer(1500 * time.Millisecond)
+func waitBeforeRetry(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(quickReconnectBudget)
 	defer timer.Stop()
 
 	select {
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/manager.go b/shared/relay/client/manager.go
index 6220e7f6b..50fcc0b8f 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/manager.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/manager.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"net/netip"
 	"reflect"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
@@ -29,16 +30,46 @@ type RelayTrack struct {
 	relayClient *Client
 	err         error
 	created     time.Time
+	// ready is closed once the dial started by openConnVia finishes (relayClient
+	// or err is set). Callers reusing a track wait on this instead of the track
+	// lock, so the dial never runs under rt.Lock.
+	ready chan struct{}
 }
 
 func NewRelayTrack() *RelayTrack {
 	return &RelayTrack{
 		created: time.Now(),
+		ready:   make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 }
 
 type OnServerCloseListener func()
 
+// ManagerOption configures a Manager at construction time.
+type ManagerOption func(*Manager)
+
+// RelayConnState is the connection state of a single relay server.
+type RelayConnState struct {
+	// URL is the server's instance address when connected, otherwise the
+	// configured server URL.
+	URL string
+	// Transport is the negotiated transport, empty if not connected.
+	Transport string
+	// Err is set when the relay is not connected.
+	Err error
+}
+
+// WithMaxBackoffInterval caps the exponential backoff between reconnect
+// attempts to the home relay. A non-positive value keeps the default.
+func WithMaxBackoffInterval(d time.Duration) ManagerOption {
+	return func(m *Manager) { m.maxBackoffInterval = d }
+}
+
+// WithNetEvents injects the OS network event handling.
+func WithNetEvents(events NetEvents) ManagerOption {
+	return func(m *Manager) { m.netEvents = events }
+}
+
 // Manager is a manager for the relay client instances. It establishes one persistent connection to the given relay URL
 // and automatically reconnect to them in case disconnection.
 // The manager also manage temporary relay connection. If a client wants to communicate with a client on a
@@ -64,30 +95,48 @@ type Manager struct {
 	onReconnectedListenerFn func()
 	listenerLock            sync.Mutex
 
-	mtu uint16
+	mtu                uint16
+	maxBackoffInterval time.Duration
+	netEvents          NetEvents
+
+	cleanupInterval      time.Duration
+	keepUnusedServerTime time.Duration
+
+	// transportFallback is shared across home and foreign relay clients so a
+	// datagram-too-large failure makes that server avoid datagram-sized transports across reconnects.
+	transportFallback *transportFallback
 }
 
 // NewManager creates a new manager instance.
 // The serverURL address can be empty. In this case, the manager will not serve.
-func NewManager(ctx context.Context, serverURLs []string, peerID string, mtu uint16) *Manager {
+func NewManager(ctx context.Context, serverURLs []string, peerID string, mtu uint16, opts ...ManagerOption) *Manager {
 	tokenStore := &relayAuth.TokenStore{}
+	tf := newTransportFallback()
 
 	m := &Manager{
-		ctx:        ctx,
-		peerID:     peerID,
-		tokenStore: tokenStore,
-		mtu:        mtu,
+		ctx:               ctx,
+		peerID:            peerID,
+		tokenStore:        tokenStore,
+		mtu:               mtu,
+		transportFallback: tf,
 		serverPicker: &ServerPicker{
 			TokenStore:        tokenStore,
 			PeerID:            peerID,
 			MTU:               mtu,
 			ConnectionTimeout: defaultConnectionTimeout,
+			TransportFallback: tf,
 		},
 		relayClients:            make(map[string]*RelayTrack),
 		onDisconnectedListeners: make(map[string]*list.List),
+		cleanupInterval:         relayCleanupInterval,
+		keepUnusedServerTime:    keepUnusedServerTime,
 	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(m)
+	}
+	m.serverPicker.NetEvents = m.netEvents
 	m.serverPicker.ServerURLs.Store(serverURLs)
-	m.reconnectGuard = NewGuard(m.serverPicker)
+	m.reconnectGuard = NewGuard(m.serverPicker, m.maxBackoffInterval, m.netEvents)
 	return m
 }
 
@@ -104,6 +153,9 @@ func (m *Manager) Serve() error {
 
 	client, err := m.serverPicker.PickServer(m.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
+		// record the initial failure so status shows the real reason before
+		// the guard's first retry tick
+		m.reconnectGuard.setLastError(err)
 		go m.reconnectGuard.StartReconnectTrys(m.ctx, nil)
 	} else {
 		m.storeClient(client)
@@ -117,7 +169,10 @@ func (m *Manager) Serve() error {
 // OpenConn opens a connection to the given peer key. If the peer is on the same relay server, the connection will be
 // established via the relay server. If the peer is on a different relay server, the manager will establish a new
 // connection to the relay server. It returns back with a net.Conn what represent the remote peer connection.
-func (m *Manager) OpenConn(ctx context.Context, serverAddress, peerKey string) (net.Conn, error) {
+//
+// serverIP, when valid and serverAddress is foreign, is used as a dial target if the FQDN-based dial fails.
+// Ignored for the local home-server path. TLS verification still uses the FQDN via SNI.
+func (m *Manager) OpenConn(ctx context.Context, serverAddress, peerKey string, serverIP netip.Addr) (net.Conn, error) {
 	m.relayClientMu.RLock()
 	defer m.relayClientMu.RUnlock()
 
@@ -138,7 +193,7 @@ func (m *Manager) OpenConn(ctx context.Context, serverAddress, peerKey string) (
 		netConn, err = m.relayClient.OpenConn(ctx, peerKey)
 	} else {
 		log.Debugf("open peer connection via foreign server: %s", serverAddress)
-		netConn, err = m.openConnVia(ctx, serverAddress, peerKey)
+		netConn, err = m.openConnVia(ctx, serverAddress, peerKey, serverIP)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -190,16 +245,22 @@ func (m *Manager) AddCloseListener(serverAddress string, onClosedListener OnServ
 	return nil
 }
 
-// RelayInstanceAddress returns the address of the permanent relay server. It could change if the network connection is
-// lost. This address will be sent to the target peer to choose the common relay server for the communication.
-func (m *Manager) RelayInstanceAddress() (string, error) {
+// RelayInstanceAddress returns the address and resolved IP of the permanent relay server. It could change if the
+// network connection is lost. The address is sent to the target peer to choose the common relay server for the
+// communication; the IP is sent alongside so remote peers can dial directly without their own DNS lookup. Both
+// values are read under the same lock so they cannot diverge across a reconnection.
+func (m *Manager) RelayInstanceAddress() (string, netip.Addr, error) {
 	m.relayClientMu.RLock()
 	defer m.relayClientMu.RUnlock()
 
 	if m.relayClient == nil {
-		return "", ErrRelayClientNotConnected
+		return "", netip.Addr{}, ErrRelayClientNotConnected
 	}
-	return m.relayClient.ServerInstanceURL()
+	addr, err := m.relayClient.ServerInstanceURL()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
+	return addr, m.relayClient.ConnectedIP(), nil
 }
 
 // ServerURLs returns the addresses of the relay servers.
@@ -207,6 +268,56 @@ func (m *Manager) ServerURLs() []string {
 	return m.serverPicker.ServerURLs.Load().([]string)
 }
 
+// RelayConnectError returns the error from the most recent failed home relay
+// reconnect attempt, or nil if the relay last connected successfully.
+func (m *Manager) RelayConnectError() error {
+	return m.reconnectGuard.LastError()
+}
+
+// RelayStates returns the connection state of the home relay and every foreign
+// relay the manager currently tracks.
+func (m *Manager) RelayStates() []RelayConnState {
+	var states []RelayConnState
+
+	m.relayClientMu.RLock()
+	home := m.relayClient
+	m.relayClientMu.RUnlock()
+	if home != nil {
+		st := relayConnState(home)
+		// The home relay reconnects through the guard, so the real failure
+		// reason lives there rather than on the (stale) client.
+		if st.Err != nil {
+			if gErr := m.reconnectGuard.LastError(); gErr != nil {
+				st.Err = gErr
+			}
+		}
+		states = append(states, st)
+	}
+
+	// Snapshot the tracks, then query each outside the map lock: a track can be
+	// held by an in-progress Connect, and blocking on it must not stall other
+	// relay operations.
+	m.relayClientsMutex.RLock()
+	tracks := make([]*RelayTrack, 0, len(m.relayClients))
+	for _, rt := range m.relayClients {
+		tracks = append(tracks, rt)
+	}
+	m.relayClientsMutex.RUnlock()
+
+	// Only connected foreign relays carry state; a failed connect is evicted
+	// immediately (openConnVia), so there is no error state to surface.
+	for _, rt := range tracks {
+		rt.RLock()
+		rc := rt.relayClient
+		rt.RUnlock()
+		if rc != nil {
+			states = append(states, relayConnState(rc))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return states
+}
+
 // HasRelayAddress returns true if the manager is serving. With this method can check if the peer can communicate with
 // Relay service.
 func (m *Manager) HasRelayAddress() bool {
@@ -223,46 +334,40 @@ func (m *Manager) UpdateToken(token *relayAuth.Token) error {
 	return m.tokenStore.UpdateToken(token)
 }
 
-func (m *Manager) openConnVia(ctx context.Context, serverAddress, peerKey string) (net.Conn, error) {
+func (m *Manager) openConnVia(ctx context.Context, serverAddress, peerKey string, serverIP netip.Addr) (net.Conn, error) {
 	// check if already has a connection to the desired relay server
 	m.relayClientsMutex.RLock()
 	rt, ok := m.relayClients[serverAddress]
-	if ok {
-		rt.RLock()
-		m.relayClientsMutex.RUnlock()
-		defer rt.RUnlock()
-		if rt.err != nil {
-			return nil, rt.err
-		}
-		return rt.relayClient.OpenConn(ctx, peerKey)
-	}
 	m.relayClientsMutex.RUnlock()
+	if ok {
+		return m.openConnOnTrack(ctx, rt, peerKey)
+	}
 
 	// if not, establish a new connection but check it again (because changed the lock type) before starting the
 	// connection
 	m.relayClientsMutex.Lock()
 	rt, ok = m.relayClients[serverAddress]
 	if ok {
-		rt.RLock()
 		m.relayClientsMutex.Unlock()
-		defer rt.RUnlock()
-		if rt.err != nil {
-			return nil, rt.err
-		}
-		return rt.relayClient.OpenConn(ctx, peerKey)
+		return m.openConnOnTrack(ctx, rt, peerKey)
 	}
 
-	// create a new relay client and store it in the relayClients map
+	// Publish the track and release the map lock BEFORE dialing, so the dial does
+	// not run under rt.Lock (which would block RelayStates and the cleanup loop
+	// for the full dial). Concurrent callers find this track and wait on rt.ready.
 	rt = NewRelayTrack()
-	rt.Lock()
 	m.relayClients[serverAddress] = rt
 	m.relayClientsMutex.Unlock()
 
-	relayClient := NewClient(serverAddress, m.tokenStore, m.peerID, m.mtu)
+	relayClient := NewClientWithServerIP(serverAddress, serverIP, m.tokenStore, m.peerID, m.mtu)
+	relayClient.SetTransportFallback(m.transportFallback)
+	relayClient.netEvents = m.netEvents
 	err := relayClient.Connect(m.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
+		rt.Lock()
 		rt.err = err
 		rt.Unlock()
+		close(rt.ready)
 		m.relayClientsMutex.Lock()
 		delete(m.relayClients, serverAddress)
 		m.relayClientsMutex.Unlock()
@@ -270,14 +375,34 @@ func (m *Manager) openConnVia(ctx context.Context, serverAddress, peerKey string
 	}
 	// if connection closed then delete the relay client from the list
 	relayClient.SetOnDisconnectListener(m.onServerDisconnected)
+	rt.Lock()
 	rt.relayClient = relayClient
 	rt.Unlock()
+	close(rt.ready)
 
-	conn, err := relayClient.OpenConn(ctx, peerKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	return relayClient.OpenConn(ctx, peerKey)
+}
+
+// openConnOnTrack opens a peer connection through an existing relay track,
+// waiting for the dial started by another openConnVia call to finish. It waits
+// on rt.ready rather than the track lock, so it neither holds nor contends the
+// track lock across the dial.
+func (m *Manager) openConnOnTrack(ctx context.Context, rt *RelayTrack, peerKey string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	select {
+	case <-rt.ready:
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
 	}
-	return conn, nil
+
+	rt.RLock()
+	defer rt.RUnlock()
+	if rt.err != nil {
+		return nil, rt.err
+	}
+	if rt.relayClient == nil {
+		return nil, ErrRelayClientNotConnected
+	}
+	return rt.relayClient.OpenConn(ctx, peerKey)
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) onServerConnected() {
@@ -290,19 +415,36 @@ func (m *Manager) onServerConnected() {
 	go m.onReconnectedListenerFn()
 }
 
-// onServerDisconnected start to reconnection for home server only
+// onServerDisconnected handles relay disconnect events. For the home server it
+// starts the reconnect guard. For foreign servers it evicts the now-dead client
+// from the cache so the next OpenConn builds a fresh one instead of reusing a
+// closed client.
 func (m *Manager) onServerDisconnected(serverAddress string) {
 	m.relayClientMu.Lock()
-	if serverAddress == m.relayClient.connectionURL {
+	isHome := m.relayClient != nil && serverAddress == m.relayClient.connectionURL
+	if isHome {
 		go func(client *Client) {
 			m.reconnectGuard.StartReconnectTrys(m.ctx, client)
 		}(m.relayClient)
 	}
 	m.relayClientMu.Unlock()
 
+	if !isHome {
+		m.evictForeignRelay(serverAddress)
+	}
+
 	m.notifyOnDisconnectListeners(serverAddress)
 }
 
+func (m *Manager) evictForeignRelay(serverAddress string) {
+	m.relayClientsMutex.Lock()
+	defer m.relayClientsMutex.Unlock()
+	if _, ok := m.relayClients[serverAddress]; ok {
+		delete(m.relayClients, serverAddress)
+		log.Debugf("evicted disconnected foreign relay client: %s", serverAddress)
+	}
+}
+
 func (m *Manager) listenGuardEvent(ctx context.Context) {
 	for {
 		select {
@@ -334,7 +476,7 @@ func (m *Manager) isForeignServer(address string) (bool, error) {
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) startCleanupLoop() {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(relayCleanupInterval)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(m.cleanupInterval)
 	defer ticker.Stop()
 	for {
 		select {
@@ -359,7 +501,14 @@ func (m *Manager) cleanUpUnusedRelays() {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if time.Since(rt.created) <= keepUnusedServerTime {
+		// dial still in progress (openConnVia publishes the track before Connect
+		// completes and no longer holds rt.Lock during it), nothing to clean up.
+		if rt.relayClient == nil {
+			rt.Unlock()
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if time.Since(rt.created) <= m.keepUnusedServerTime {
 			rt.Unlock()
 			continue
 		}
@@ -407,3 +556,11 @@ func (m *Manager) notifyOnDisconnectListeners(serverAddress string) {
 	}
 	delete(m.onDisconnectedListeners, serverAddress)
 }
+
+func relayConnState(c *Client) RelayConnState {
+	addr, err := c.ServerInstanceURL()
+	if err != nil {
+		return RelayConnState{URL: c.connectionURL, Err: err}
+	}
+	return RelayConnState{URL: addr, Transport: c.Transport()}
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/manager_cleanup_test.go b/shared/relay/client/manager_cleanup_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ac5daeac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/manager_cleanup_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestCleanUpUnusedRelays_DoesNotBlockOnRealHangingDial drives a real, hanging foreign
+// relay dial and asserts cleanUpUnusedRelays does not stall behind it.
+func TestCleanUpUnusedRelays_DoesNotBlockOnRealHangingDial(t *testing.T) {
+	serverAddr := stallingRelayListener(t)
+
+	mCtx, mCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(mCancel)
+
+	m := NewManager(mCtx, nil, "alice", 1280)
+
+	dialDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(dialDone)
+		_, _ = m.openConnVia(mCtx, serverAddr, "peerKey", netip.Addr{})
+	}()
+
+	// The track appears in the map once the dial is in flight.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		m.relayClientsMutex.RLock()
+		defer m.relayClientsMutex.RUnlock()
+		_, ok := m.relayClients[serverAddr]
+		return ok
+	}, 5*time.Second, 5*time.Millisecond, "relay dial did not start")
+
+	cleanupDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(cleanupDone)
+		m.cleanUpUnusedRelays()
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-cleanupDone:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("cleanUpUnusedRelays blocked on an in-progress relay dial while holding the relay map lock")
+	}
+
+	m.relayClientsMutex.RLock()
+	_, stillTracked := m.relayClients[serverAddr]
+	m.relayClientsMutex.RUnlock()
+	require.True(t, stillTracked, "an in-progress relay dial must not be evicted by cleanup")
+
+	// Release the hanging dial so the goroutine can exit cleanly.
+	mCancel()
+	select {
+	case <-dialDone:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("openConnVia did not return after context cancellation")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/manager_relaystates_test.go b/shared/relay/client/manager_relaystates_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f26323323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/manager_relaystates_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// stallingRelayListener accepts TCP connections and holds them open without ever
+// responding, so a relay handshake dialed against it blocks until its context is
+// cancelled. It returns the "rel://host:port" URL to dial.
+func stallingRelayListener(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	var conns []net.Conn
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			c, err := ln.Accept()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			mu.Lock()
+			conns = append(conns, c)
+			mu.Unlock()
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = ln.Close()
+		mu.Lock()
+		for _, c := range conns {
+			_ = c.Close()
+		}
+		mu.Unlock()
+	})
+
+	return "rel://" + ln.Addr().String()
+}
+
+// TestRelayStates_DoesNotBlockOnRealHangingDial is a regression test for
+// RelayStates() called by a "status -d command" hanging behind an in-progress
+// relay dial.
+func TestRelayStates_DoesNotBlockOnRealHangingDial(t *testing.T) {
+	serverAddr := stallingRelayListener(t)
+
+	mCtx, mCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(mCancel)
+
+	m := NewManager(mCtx, nil, "alice", 1280)
+
+	dialDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(dialDone)
+		_, _ = m.openConnVia(mCtx, serverAddr, "peerKey", netip.Addr{})
+	}()
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		m.relayClientsMutex.RLock()
+		defer m.relayClientsMutex.RUnlock()
+		_, ok := m.relayClients[serverAddr]
+		return ok
+	}, 5*time.Second, 5*time.Millisecond, "relay dial did not start")
+
+	done := make(chan []RelayConnState, 1)
+	go func() {
+		done <- m.RelayStates()
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case states := <-done:
+		require.Empty(t, states, "a relay still being dialed carries no state and must be omitted")
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("RelayStates blocked on a foreign relay whose Connect() is in progress")
+	}
+
+	// Release the hanging dial so the goroutine can exit cleanly.
+	mCancel()
+	select {
+	case <-dialDone:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("openConnVia did not return after context cancellation")
+	}
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/manager_serverip_test.go b/shared/relay/client/manager_serverip_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a354beade
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/manager_serverip_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/iface"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/relay/server"
+)
+
+// TestManager_ForeignRelayServerIP exercises the foreign-relay path
+// end-to-end through Manager.OpenConn. Alice and Bob register on different
+// relay servers; Alice dials Bob's foreign relay using an unresolvable
+// FQDN. Without a server IP the dial fails; with Bob's advertised IP it
+// recovers and a payload round-trips between the peers.
+func TestManager_ForeignRelayServerIP(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 20*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Alice's home relay
+	homeCfg := server.ListenerConfig{Address: "127.0.0.1:52401"}
+	homeSrv, err := server.NewServer(newManagerTestServerConfig(homeCfg.Address))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create home server: %s", err)
+	}
+	homeErr := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		if err := homeSrv.Listen(homeCfg); err != nil {
+			homeErr <- err
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = homeSrv.Shutdown(context.Background()) })
+	if err := waitForServerToStart(homeErr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("home server: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Bob's foreign relay
+	foreignCfg := server.ListenerConfig{Address: "127.0.0.1:52402"}
+	foreignSrv, err := server.NewServer(newManagerTestServerConfig(foreignCfg.Address))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create foreign server: %s", err)
+	}
+	foreignErr := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		if err := foreignSrv.Listen(foreignCfg); err != nil {
+			foreignErr <- err
+		}
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = foreignSrv.Shutdown(context.Background()) })
+	if err := waitForServerToStart(foreignErr); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("foreign server: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	mCtx, mCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	t.Cleanup(mCancel)
+
+	mgrAlice := NewManager(mCtx, toURL(homeCfg), "alice", iface.DefaultMTU)
+	if err := mgrAlice.Serve(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("alice manager serve: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	mgrBob := NewManager(mCtx, toURL(foreignCfg), "bob", iface.DefaultMTU)
+	if err := mgrBob.Serve(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bob manager serve: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Bob's real relay URL and the IP that would ride along in signal as relayServerIP.
+	bobRealAddr, bobAdvertisedIP, err := mgrBob.RelayInstanceAddress()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("bob relay address: %s", err)
+	}
+	if !bobAdvertisedIP.IsValid() {
+		t.Fatalf("expected valid RelayInstanceIP for bob, got zero")
+	}
+
+	// .invalid is reserved (RFC 2606), so DNS resolution always fails.
+	const brokenFQDN = "rel://relay-bob-instance.invalid:52402"
+	if brokenFQDN == bobRealAddr {
+		t.Fatalf("broken FQDN must differ from bob's real address (%s)", bobRealAddr)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("no server IP, dial fails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dialCtx, dialCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
+		defer dialCancel()
+		_, err := mgrAlice.OpenConn(dialCtx, brokenFQDN, "bob", netip.Addr{})
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("expected OpenConn to fail without server IP, got success")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("server IP recovers", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Bob waits for Alice's incoming peer connection on his side.
+		bobSideCh := make(chan error, 1)
+		go func() {
+			conn, err := mgrBob.OpenConn(ctx, bobRealAddr, "alice", netip.Addr{})
+			if err != nil {
+				bobSideCh <- err
+				return
+			}
+			buf := make([]byte, 1024)
+			n, err := conn.Read(buf)
+			if err != nil {
+				bobSideCh <- err
+				return
+			}
+			if _, err := conn.Write(buf[:n]); err != nil {
+				bobSideCh <- err
+				return
+			}
+			bobSideCh <- nil
+		}()
+
+		aliceConn, err := mgrAlice.OpenConn(ctx, brokenFQDN, "bob", bobAdvertisedIP)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("alice OpenConn with server IP: %s", err)
+		}
+		t.Cleanup(func() { _ = aliceConn.Close() })
+
+		payload := []byte("alice-to-bob")
+		if _, err := aliceConn.Write(payload); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("alice write: %s", err)
+		}
+
+		buf := make([]byte, len(payload))
+		if _, err := io.ReadFull(aliceConn, buf); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("alice read echo: %s", err)
+		}
+		if string(buf) != string(payload) {
+			t.Fatalf("echo mismatch: got %q want %q", buf, payload)
+		}
+
+		select {
+		case err := <-bobSideCh:
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("bob side: %s", err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for bob side")
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/manager_test.go b/shared/relay/client/manager_test.go
index fb91f7682..9e964f688 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/manager_test.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/manager_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -100,15 +102,15 @@ func TestForeignConn(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := clientBob.Serve(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to serve manager: %s", err)
 	}
-	bobsSrvAddr, err := clientBob.RelayInstanceAddress()
+	bobsSrvAddr, _, err := clientBob.RelayInstanceAddress()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to get relay address: %s", err)
 	}
-	connAliceToBob, err := clientAlice.OpenConn(ctx, bobsSrvAddr, "bob")
+	connAliceToBob, err := clientAlice.OpenConn(ctx, bobsSrvAddr, "bob", netip.Addr{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to bind channel: %s", err)
 	}
-	connBobToAlice, err := clientBob.OpenConn(ctx, bobsSrvAddr, "alice")
+	connBobToAlice, err := clientBob.OpenConn(ctx, bobsSrvAddr, "alice", netip.Addr{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to bind channel: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@ func TestForeginConnClose(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to serve manager: %s", err)
 	}
-	conn, err := mgr.OpenConn(ctx, toURL(srvCfg2)[0], "bob")
+	conn, err := mgr.OpenConn(ctx, toURL(srvCfg2)[0], "bob", netip.Addr{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to bind channel: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -300,7 +302,7 @@ func TestForeignAutoClose(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	t.Log("open connection to another peer")
-	if _, err = mgr.OpenConn(ctx, foreignServerURL, "anotherpeer"); err == nil {
+	if _, err = mgr.OpenConn(ctx, foreignServerURL, "anotherpeer", netip.Addr{}); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("should have failed to open connection to another peer")
 	}
 
@@ -360,16 +362,17 @@ func TestAutoReconnect(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to serve manager: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	clientAlice := NewManager(mCtx, toURL(srvCfg), "alice", iface.DefaultMTU)
+	clientAlice := NewManager(mCtx, toURL(srvCfg), "alice", iface.DefaultMTU,
+		WithMaxBackoffInterval(2*time.Second))
 	err = clientAlice.Serve()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to serve manager: %s", err)
 	}
-	ra, err := clientAlice.RelayInstanceAddress()
+	ra, _, err := clientAlice.RelayInstanceAddress()
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to get relay address: %s", err)
 	}
-	conn, err := clientAlice.OpenConn(ctx, ra, "bob")
+	conn, err := clientAlice.OpenConn(ctx, ra, "bob", netip.Addr{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to bind channel: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -384,15 +387,32 @@ func TestAutoReconnect(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	log.Infof("waiting for reconnection")
-	time.Sleep(reconnectingTimeout + 1*time.Second)
+	if err := waitForReady(ctx, clientAlice, 15*time.Second); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("manager did not reconnect: %s", err)
+	}
 
 	log.Infof("reopent the connection")
-	_, err = clientAlice.OpenConn(ctx, ra, "bob")
+	_, err = clientAlice.OpenConn(ctx, ra, "bob", netip.Addr{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("failed to open channel: %s", err)
 	}
 }
 
+func waitForReady(ctx context.Context, m *Manager, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if m.Ready() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("manager not ready within %s", timeout)
+}
+
 func TestNotifierDoubleAdd(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
 
@@ -434,7 +454,7 @@ func TestNotifierDoubleAdd(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to serve manager: %s", err)
 	}
 
-	conn1, err := clientAlice.OpenConn(ctx, clientAlice.ServerURLs()[0], "bob")
+	conn1, err := clientAlice.OpenConn(ctx, clientAlice.ServerURLs()[0], "bob", netip.Addr{})
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to bind channel: %s", err)
 	}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/picker.go b/shared/relay/client/picker.go
index 39d0ba072..17b1390b1 100644
--- a/shared/relay/client/picker.go
+++ b/shared/relay/client/picker.go
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ type ServerPicker struct {
 	PeerID            string
 	MTU               uint16
 	ConnectionTimeout time.Duration
+	TransportFallback *transportFallback
+	NetEvents         NetEvents
 }
 
 func (sp *ServerPicker) PickServer(parentCtx context.Context) (*Client, error) {
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ func (sp *ServerPicker) PickServer(parentCtx context.Context) (*Client, error) {
 
 	connResultChan := make(chan connResult, totalServers)
 	successChan := make(chan connResult, 1)
+	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
 	concurrentLimiter := make(chan struct{}, maxConcurrentServers)
 
 	log.Debugf("pick server from list: %v", sp.ServerURLs.Load().([]string))
@@ -53,23 +56,25 @@ func (sp *ServerPicker) PickServer(parentCtx context.Context) (*Client, error) {
 		}(url)
 	}
 
-	go sp.processConnResults(connResultChan, successChan)
+	go sp.processConnResults(connResultChan, successChan, errChan)
 
 	select {
 	case cr, ok := <-successChan:
 		if !ok {
-			return nil, errors.New("failed to connect to any relay server: all attempts failed")
+			return nil, <-errChan
 		}
 		log.Infof("chosen home Relay server: %s", cr.Url)
 		return cr.RelayClient, nil
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to any relay server: %w", ctx.Err())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("connect to relay server: %w", ctx.Err())
 	}
 }
 
 func (sp *ServerPicker) startConnection(ctx context.Context, resultChan chan connResult, url string) {
 	log.Infof("try to connecting to relay server: %s", url)
 	relayClient := NewClient(url, sp.TokenStore, sp.PeerID, sp.MTU)
+	relayClient.SetTransportFallback(sp.TransportFallback)
+	relayClient.netEvents = sp.NetEvents
 	err := relayClient.Connect(ctx)
 	resultChan <- connResult{
 		RelayClient: relayClient,
@@ -78,12 +83,14 @@ func (sp *ServerPicker) startConnection(ctx context.Context, resultChan chan con
 	}
 }
 
-func (sp *ServerPicker) processConnResults(resultChan chan connResult, successChan chan connResult) {
+func (sp *ServerPicker) processConnResults(resultChan chan connResult, successChan chan connResult, errChan chan error) {
 	var hasSuccess bool
+	var errs []error
 	for numOfResults := 0; numOfResults < cap(resultChan); numOfResults++ {
 		cr := <-resultChan
 		if cr.Err != nil {
 			log.Tracef("failed to connect to Relay server: %s: %v", cr.Url, cr.Err)
+			errs = append(errs, cr.Err)
 			continue
 		}
 		log.Infof("connected to Relay server: %s", cr.Url)
@@ -99,5 +106,16 @@ func (sp *ServerPicker) processConnResults(resultChan chan connResult, successCh
 		hasSuccess = true
 		successChan <- cr
 	}
+	if !hasSuccess {
+		errChan <- pickErr(errs)
+	}
 	close(successChan)
 }
+
+// pickErr combines per-server connection failures into a single error.
+func pickErr(errs []error) error {
+	if len(errs) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("no relay server available")
+	}
+	return errors.Join(errs...)
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/transport.go b/shared/relay/client/transport.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..002707401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/transport.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer"
+)
+
+// EnvRelayTransport pins the relay transport. Valid values: "auto" (default,
+// race QUIC and WebSocket), "quic" (QUIC only), "ws" (WebSocket only),
+// "prefer-quic" / "prefer-ws" (try the preferred transport first, fall back to
+// the other only if it fails to connect; no race). The prefer modes trade a
+// slower connect when the preferred transport is blackholed for deterministic
+// transport selection.
+const EnvRelayTransport = "NB_RELAY_TRANSPORT"
+
+const (
+	// transportFallbackBase is the initial window a relay server avoids
+	// datagram-sized transports after a datagram is rejected as too large.
+	transportFallbackBase = 10 * time.Minute
+	// transportFallbackMax caps the pinned window when failures repeat.
+	transportFallbackMax = 60 * time.Minute
+)
+
+// TransportMode selects which relay dialers are used.
+type TransportMode string
+
+const (
+	TransportModeAuto       TransportMode = "auto"
+	TransportModeQUIC       TransportMode = "quic"
+	TransportModeWS         TransportMode = "ws"
+	TransportModePreferQUIC TransportMode = "prefer-quic"
+	TransportModePreferWS   TransportMode = "prefer-ws"
+)
+
+// transportModeFromEnv reads EnvRelayTransport, defaulting to auto for an empty
+// or unrecognized value.
+func transportModeFromEnv() TransportMode {
+	switch TransportMode(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(EnvRelayTransport)))) {
+	case "", TransportModeAuto:
+		return TransportModeAuto
+	case TransportModeQUIC:
+		return TransportModeQUIC
+	case TransportModeWS:
+		return TransportModeWS
+	case TransportModePreferQUIC:
+		return TransportModePreferQUIC
+	case TransportModePreferWS:
+		return TransportModePreferWS
+	default:
+		log.Warnf("invalid %s value %q, using %q", EnvRelayTransport, os.Getenv(EnvRelayTransport), TransportModeAuto)
+		return TransportModeAuto
+	}
+}
+
+// sequential reports whether the mode tries dialers in order with fallback
+// instead of racing them concurrently.
+func (m TransportMode) sequential() bool {
+	return m == TransportModePreferQUIC || m == TransportModePreferWS
+}
+
+// transportFallback tracks relay servers that have rejected a datagram-sized
+// transport (a write too large for the path) and should temporarily avoid such
+// transports. It is shared across the relay manager so the preference survives
+// client recreation (foreign relay clients are evicted and rebuilt on
+// disconnect). Entries are keyed by server URL and expire after a window that
+// grows on repeated failures.
+type transportFallback struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	entries map[string]*fallbackEntry
+}
+
+type fallbackEntry struct {
+	until    time.Time
+	duration time.Duration
+}
+
+func newTransportFallback() *transportFallback {
+	return &transportFallback{entries: make(map[string]*fallbackEntry)}
+}
+
+// avoidDatagramSized reports whether serverURL is currently within a window
+// where datagram-sized transports should be avoided.
+func (f *transportFallback) avoidDatagramSized(serverURL string) bool {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	e := f.entries[serverURL]
+	return e != nil && time.Now().Before(e.until)
+}
+
+// recordFailure makes serverURL avoid datagram-sized transports for a window:
+// transportFallbackBase on the first failure, doubling up to transportFallbackMax
+// when a datagram transport fails again after a previous window expired. It
+// returns the active window duration.
+func (f *transportFallback) recordFailure(serverURL string) time.Duration {
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	e := f.entries[serverURL]
+	switch {
+	case e == nil:
+		e = &fallbackEntry{duration: transportFallbackBase}
+		f.entries[serverURL] = e
+	case now.Before(e.until):
+		return time.Until(e.until)
+	default:
+		e.duration = min(e.duration*2, transportFallbackMax)
+	}
+	e.until = now.Add(e.duration)
+	return e.duration
+}
+
+// nonDatagramSized returns the dialers from in that are not datagram-sized,
+// preserving order.
+func nonDatagramSized(in []dialer.DialeFn) []dialer.DialeFn {
+	out := make([]dialer.DialeFn, 0, len(in))
+	for _, d := range in {
+		if !dialer.IsDatagramSized(d) {
+			out = append(out, d)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/client/transport_test.go b/shared/relay/client/transport_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e10c8d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/relay/client/transport_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+
+	netErr "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/relay/client/dialer/net"
+)
+
+// closeTrackingConn records whether Close was called; only Close is exercised.
+type closeTrackingConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	closed bool
+}
+
+func (c *closeTrackingConn) Close() error {
+	c.closed = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestTransportModeFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		value string
+		want  TransportMode
+	}{
+		{"", TransportModeAuto},
+		{"auto", TransportModeAuto},
+		{"quic", TransportModeQUIC},
+		{"QUIC", TransportModeQUIC},
+		{"ws", TransportModeWS},
+		{" Ws ", TransportModeWS},
+		{"prefer-quic", TransportModePreferQUIC},
+		{"prefer-ws", TransportModePreferWS},
+		{"garbage", TransportModeAuto},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.value, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(EnvRelayTransport, tc.value)
+			if tc.value == "" {
+				os.Unsetenv(EnvRelayTransport)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tc.want, transportModeFromEnv())
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTransportFallbackRecordAndExpiry(t *testing.T) {
+	const url = "rels://relay.example:443"
+	f := newTransportFallback()
+
+	assert.False(t, f.avoidDatagramSized(url), "no fallback recorded yet")
+
+	d := f.recordFailure(url)
+	assert.Equal(t, transportFallbackBase, d, "first failure pins for the base window")
+	assert.True(t, f.avoidDatagramSized(url), "datagram-sized transport avoided within the window")
+
+	// A second failure while still inside the window must not grow the window.
+	d = f.recordFailure(url)
+	assert.LessOrEqual(t, d, transportFallbackBase, "still within the active window")
+	require.NotNil(t, f.entries[url])
+	assert.Equal(t, transportFallbackBase, f.entries[url].duration, "duration unchanged inside window")
+
+	// Expire the window: datagram-sized transport allowed again.
+	f.entries[url].until = time.Now().Add(-time.Second)
+	assert.False(t, f.avoidDatagramSized(url), "window expired, datagram-sized transport allowed")
+}
+
+func TestTransportFallbackGrowsOnRepeat(t *testing.T) {
+	const url = "rels://relay.example:443"
+	f := newTransportFallback()
+
+	want := transportFallbackBase
+	for i := range 6 {
+		d := f.recordFailure(url)
+		assert.Equal(t, want, d, "window after %d expiries", i)
+
+		// expire the window so the next failure is treated as a repeat
+		f.entries[url].until = time.Now().Add(-time.Second)
+
+		want = min(want*2, transportFallbackMax)
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, transportFallbackMax, f.entries[url].duration, "window caps at the max")
+}
+
+func TestOnDatagramTooLargeAuto(t *testing.T) {
+	const url = "rels://relay.example:443"
+	t.Setenv(EnvRelayTransport, string(TransportModeAuto))
+
+	tf := newTransportFallback()
+	c := &Client{
+		log:               log.WithField("test", t.Name()),
+		connectionURL:     url,
+		transportFallback: tf,
+	}
+	conn := &closeTrackingConn{}
+
+	c.onDatagramTooLarge(conn, netErr.ErrDatagramTooLarge)
+
+	assert.True(t, conn.closed, "connection closed to force reconnect")
+	assert.True(t, tf.avoidDatagramSized(url), "fallback recorded for the server")
+
+	// A second oversized datagram on the same connection must not re-close.
+	conn.closed = false
+	c.onDatagramTooLarge(conn, netErr.ErrDatagramTooLarge)
+	assert.False(t, conn.closed, "single fallback per connection")
+}
+
+func TestOnDatagramTooLargeQUICPinned(t *testing.T) {
+	const url = "rels://relay.example:443"
+	t.Setenv(EnvRelayTransport, string(TransportModeQUIC))
+
+	tf := newTransportFallback()
+	c := &Client{
+		log:               log.WithField("test", t.Name()),
+		connectionURL:     url,
+		transportFallback: tf,
+	}
+	conn := &closeTrackingConn{}
+
+	c.onDatagramTooLarge(conn, netErr.ErrDatagramTooLarge)
+
+	assert.False(t, conn.closed, "QUIC pin keeps the connection, no fallback redial")
+	assert.False(t, tf.avoidDatagramSized(url), "QUIC pin records no fallback")
+}
+
+func TestTransportFallbackPerServer(t *testing.T) {
+	f := newTransportFallback()
+	f.recordFailure("rels://a.example:443")
+
+	assert.True(t, f.avoidDatagramSized("rels://a.example:443"))
+	assert.False(t, f.avoidDatagramSized("rels://b.example:443"), "fallback is scoped to one server")
+}
diff --git a/shared/relay/messages/address/address.go b/shared/relay/messages/address/address.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 707e73e55..000000000
--- a/shared/relay/messages/address/address.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-// Deprecated: This package is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
-package address
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/gob"
-	"fmt"
-)
-
-type Address struct {
-	URL string
-}
-
-func (addr *Address) Marshal() ([]byte, error) {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	enc := gob.NewEncoder(&buf)
-	if err := enc.Encode(addr); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("encode Address: %w", err)
-	}
-	return buf.Bytes(), nil
-}
diff --git a/shared/relay/messages/auth/auth.go b/shared/relay/messages/auth/auth.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 9c2511f2f..000000000
--- a/shared/relay/messages/auth/auth.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-// Deprecated: This package is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
-package auth
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/gob"
-	"fmt"
-)
-
-type Algorithm int
-
-const (
-	AlgoUnknown Algorithm = iota
-	AlgoHMACSHA256
-	AlgoHMACSHA512
-)
-
-func (a Algorithm) String() string {
-	switch a {
-	case AlgoHMACSHA256:
-		return "HMAC-SHA256"
-	case AlgoHMACSHA512:
-		return "HMAC-SHA512"
-	default:
-		return "Unknown"
-	}
-}
-
-type Msg struct {
-	AuthAlgorithm  Algorithm
-	AdditionalData []byte
-}
-
-func UnmarshalMsg(data []byte) (*Msg, error) {
-	var msg *Msg
-
-	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(data)
-	dec := gob.NewDecoder(buf)
-	if err := dec.Decode(&msg); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decode Msg: %w", err)
-	}
-	return msg, nil
-}
diff --git a/shared/relay/messages/message.go b/shared/relay/messages/message.go
index 54671f5df..fdbf2a6e7 100644
--- a/shared/relay/messages/message.go
+++ b/shared/relay/messages/message.go
@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@ const (
 	CurrentProtocolVersion = 1
 
 	MsgTypeUnknown MsgType = 0
-	// Deprecated: Use MsgTypeAuth instead.
-	MsgTypeHello = 1
-	// Deprecated: Use MsgTypeAuthResponse instead.
+	// MsgTypeHello and MsgTypeHelloResponse are the removed legacy handshake
+	// message types. They are retained only to reserve wire values 1 and 2 so
+	// the values are never reused; the server rejects both.
+	MsgTypeHello         = 1
 	MsgTypeHelloResponse = 2
 	MsgTypeTransport     = 3
 	MsgTypeClose         = 4
@@ -42,10 +43,6 @@ const (
 	offsetAuthPeerID    = sizeOfProtoHeader + sizeOfMagicByte
 	headerTotalSizeAuth = sizeOfProtoHeader + headerSizeAuth
 
-	// hello message
-	headerSizeHello     = sizeOfMagicByte + peerIDSize
-	headerSizeHelloResp = 0
-
 	// transport
 	headerSizeTransport      = peerIDSize
 	offsetTransportID        = sizeOfProtoHeader
@@ -113,7 +110,6 @@ func DetermineClientMessageType(msg []byte) (MsgType, error) {
 	msgType := MsgType(msg[1])
 	switch msgType {
 	case
-		MsgTypeHello,
 		MsgTypeAuth,
 		MsgTypeTransport,
 		MsgTypeClose,
@@ -135,7 +131,6 @@ func DetermineServerMessageType(msg []byte) (MsgType, error) {
 	msgType := MsgType(msg[1])
 	switch msgType {
 	case
-		MsgTypeHelloResponse,
 		MsgTypeAuthResponse,
 		MsgTypeTransport,
 		MsgTypeClose,
@@ -148,67 +143,6 @@ func DetermineServerMessageType(msg []byte) (MsgType, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-// Deprecated: Use MarshalAuthMsg instead.
-// MarshalHelloMsg initial hello message
-// The Hello message is the first message sent by a client after establishing a connection with the Relay server. This
-// message is used to authenticate the client with the server. The authentication is done using an HMAC method.
-// The protocol does not limit to use HMAC, it can be any other method. If the authentication failed the server will
-// close the network connection without any response.
-func MarshalHelloMsg(peerID PeerID, additions []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	msg := make([]byte, sizeOfProtoHeader+sizeOfMagicByte, sizeOfProtoHeader+headerSizeHello+len(additions))
-
-	msg[0] = byte(CurrentProtocolVersion)
-	msg[1] = byte(MsgTypeHello)
-
-	copy(msg[sizeOfProtoHeader:sizeOfProtoHeader+sizeOfMagicByte], magicHeader)
-
-	msg = append(msg, peerID[:]...)
-	msg = append(msg, additions...)
-
-	return msg, nil
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use UnmarshalAuthMsg instead.
-// UnmarshalHelloMsg extracts peerID and the additional data from the hello message. The Additional data is used to
-// authenticate the client with the server.
-func UnmarshalHelloMsg(msg []byte) (*PeerID, []byte, error) {
-	if len(msg) < sizeOfProtoHeader+headerSizeHello {
-		return nil, nil, ErrInvalidMessageLength
-	}
-	if !bytes.Equal(msg[sizeOfProtoHeader:sizeOfProtoHeader+sizeOfMagicByte], magicHeader) {
-		return nil, nil, errors.New("invalid magic header")
-	}
-
-	peerID := PeerID(msg[sizeOfProtoHeader+sizeOfMagicByte : sizeOfProtoHeader+headerSizeHello])
-
-	return &peerID, msg[headerSizeHello:], nil
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use MarshalAuthResponse instead.
-// MarshalHelloResponse creates a response message to the hello message.
-// In case of success connection the server response with a Hello Response message. This message contains the server's
-// instance URL. This URL will be used by choose the common Relay server in case if the peers are in different Relay
-// servers.
-func MarshalHelloResponse(additionalData []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	msg := make([]byte, sizeOfProtoHeader, sizeOfProtoHeader+headerSizeHelloResp+len(additionalData))
-
-	msg[0] = byte(CurrentProtocolVersion)
-	msg[1] = byte(MsgTypeHelloResponse)
-
-	msg = append(msg, additionalData...)
-
-	return msg, nil
-}
-
-// Deprecated: Use UnmarshalAuthResponse instead.
-// UnmarshalHelloResponse extracts the additional data from the hello response message.
-func UnmarshalHelloResponse(msg []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	if len(msg) < sizeOfProtoHeader+headerSizeHelloResp {
-		return nil, ErrInvalidMessageLength
-	}
-	return msg, nil
-}
-
 // MarshalAuthMsg initial authentication message
 // The Auth message is the first message sent by a client after establishing a connection with the Relay server. This
 // message is used to authenticate the client with the server. The authentication is done using an HMAC method.
diff --git a/shared/relay/messages/message_test.go b/shared/relay/messages/message_test.go
index 59a89cad1..26a504063 100644
--- a/shared/relay/messages/message_test.go
+++ b/shared/relay/messages/message_test.go
@@ -4,28 +4,11 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 )
 
-func TestMarshalHelloMsg(t *testing.T) {
-	peerID := HashID("abdFAaBcawquEiCMzAabYosuUaGLtSNhKxz+")
-	msg, err := MarshalHelloMsg(peerID, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	msgType, err := DetermineClientMessageType(msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if msgType != MsgTypeHello {
-		t.Errorf("expected %d, got %d", MsgTypeHello, msgType)
-	}
-
-	receivedPeerID, _, err := UnmarshalHelloMsg(msg)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if receivedPeerID.String() != peerID.String() {
-		t.Errorf("expected %s, got %s", peerID, receivedPeerID)
+func TestDetermineClientMessageTypeRejectsHello(t *testing.T) {
+	// The reserved legacy Hello message (type 1) must be rejected by the server.
+	msg := []byte{byte(CurrentProtocolVersion), byte(MsgTypeHello)}
+	if _, err := DetermineClientMessageType(msg); err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected hello message type to be rejected")
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/shared/signal/client/client.go b/shared/signal/client/client.go
index 5347c80e9..fb77cb90f 100644
--- a/shared/signal/client/client.go
+++ b/shared/signal/client/client.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"net/netip"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
@@ -14,17 +15,17 @@ import (
 
 // A set of tools to exchange connection details (Wireguard endpoints) with the remote peer.
 
-// Status is the status of the client
-type Status string
-
-const StreamConnected Status = "Connected"
-const StreamDisconnected Status = "Disconnected"
-
 const (
+	StreamConnected    Status = "Connected"
+	StreamDisconnected Status = "Disconnected"
+
 	// DirectCheck indicates support to direct mode checks
 	DirectCheck uint32 = 1
 )
 
+// Status is the status of the client
+type Status string
+
 type Client interface {
 	io.Closer
 	StreamConnected() bool
@@ -32,12 +33,30 @@ type Client interface {
 	Receive(ctx context.Context, msgHandler func(msg *proto.Message) error) error
 	Ready() bool
 	IsHealthy() bool
-	WaitStreamConnected()
+	WaitStreamConnected(context.Context)
 	SendToStream(msg *proto.EncryptedMessage) error
 	Send(msg *proto.Message) error
 	SetOnReconnectedListener(func())
 }
 
+// Credential is an instance of a GrpcClient's Credential
+type Credential struct {
+	UFrag string
+	Pwd   string
+}
+
+// CredentialPayload bundles the fields of a signal Body for MarshalCredential.
+type CredentialPayload struct {
+	Type            proto.Body_Type
+	WgListenPort    int
+	Credential      *Credential
+	RosenpassPubKey []byte
+	RosenpassAddr   string
+	RelaySrvAddress string
+	RelaySrvIP      netip.Addr
+	SessionID       []byte
+}
+
 // UnMarshalCredential parses the credentials from the message and returns a Credential instance
 func UnMarshalCredential(msg *proto.Message) (*Credential, error) {
 
@@ -52,27 +71,27 @@ func UnMarshalCredential(msg *proto.Message) (*Credential, error) {
 }
 
 // MarshalCredential marshal a Credential instance and returns a Message object
-func MarshalCredential(myKey wgtypes.Key, myPort int, remoteKey string, credential *Credential, t proto.Body_Type, rosenpassPubKey []byte, rosenpassAddr string, relaySrvAddress string, sessionID []byte) (*proto.Message, error) {
+func MarshalCredential(myKey wgtypes.Key, remoteKey string, p CredentialPayload) (*proto.Message, error) {
+	body := &proto.Body{
+		Type:           p.Type,
+		Payload:        fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", p.Credential.UFrag, p.Credential.Pwd),
+		WgListenPort:   uint32(p.WgListenPort),
+		NetBirdVersion: version.NetbirdVersion(),
+		RosenpassConfig: &proto.RosenpassConfig{
+			RosenpassPubKey:     p.RosenpassPubKey,
+			RosenpassServerAddr: p.RosenpassAddr,
+		},
+		SessionId: p.SessionID,
+	}
+	if p.RelaySrvAddress != "" {
+		body.RelayServerAddress = &p.RelaySrvAddress
+	}
+	if p.RelaySrvIP.IsValid() {
+		body.RelayServerIP = p.RelaySrvIP.Unmap().AsSlice()
+	}
 	return &proto.Message{
 		Key:       myKey.PublicKey().String(),
 		RemoteKey: remoteKey,
-		Body: &proto.Body{
-			Type:           t,
-			Payload:        fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", credential.UFrag, credential.Pwd),
-			WgListenPort:   uint32(myPort),
-			NetBirdVersion: version.NetbirdVersion(),
-			RosenpassConfig: &proto.RosenpassConfig{
-				RosenpassPubKey:     rosenpassPubKey,
-				RosenpassServerAddr: rosenpassAddr,
-			},
-			RelayServerAddress: relaySrvAddress,
-			SessionId:          sessionID,
-		},
+		Body:      body,
 	}, nil
 }
-
-// Credential is an instance of a GrpcClient's Credential
-type Credential struct {
-	UFrag string
-	Pwd   string
-}
diff --git a/shared/signal/client/client_test.go b/shared/signal/client/client_test.go
index 1af34e37a..41def08a1 100644
--- a/shared/signal/client/client_test.go
+++ b/shared/signal/client/client_test.go
@@ -65,7 +65,10 @@ var _ = Describe("GrpcClient", func() {
 						return
 					}
 				}()
-				clientA.WaitStreamConnected()
+				ctxA, cancelA := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+				defer cancelA()
+				clientA.WaitStreamConnected(ctxA)
+				Expect(clientA.StreamConnected()).To(BeTrue())
 
 				// connect PeerB to Signal
 				keyB, _ := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
@@ -91,7 +94,10 @@ var _ = Describe("GrpcClient", func() {
 					}
 				}()
 
-				clientB.WaitStreamConnected()
+				ctxB, cancelB := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+				defer cancelB()
+				clientB.WaitStreamConnected(ctxB)
+				Expect(clientB.StreamConnected()).To(BeTrue())
 
 				// PeerA initiates ping-pong
 				err := clientA.Send(&sigProto.Message{
@@ -129,8 +135,10 @@ var _ = Describe("GrpcClient", func() {
 						return
 					}
 				}()
-				client.WaitStreamConnected()
-				Expect(client).NotTo(BeNil())
+				ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+				defer cancel()
+				client.WaitStreamConnected(ctx)
+				Expect(client.StreamConnected()).To(BeTrue())
 			})
 		})
 
diff --git a/shared/signal/client/grpc.go b/shared/signal/client/grpc.go
index d0f598dd7..a0bb2f080 100644
--- a/shared/signal/client/grpc.go
+++ b/shared/signal/client/grpc.go
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ package client
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4"
@@ -17,13 +19,30 @@ import (
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
 	nbgrpc "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/grpc"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/client/netevents"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/encryption"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/management/client"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/wsproxy"
 )
 
-const healthCheckTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+const (
+	// receiveInactivityThreshold is how long the receive stream may be silent
+	// before the watchdog actively probes it. The gRPC transport can stay
+	// healthy (keepalive satisfied) while the server stops delivering messages,
+	// which the transport layer cannot detect.
+	receiveInactivityThreshold = 30 * time.Second
+	// receiveProbeTimeout is how long the watchdog waits for its self-addressed
+	// probe to round-trip back on the stream before declaring the receive
+	// direction dead.
+	receiveProbeTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+	// receiveWatchdogInterval is how often the watchdog evaluates the stream.
+	receiveWatchdogInterval = 10 * time.Second
+)
+
+// errReceiveStreamStalled is reported when the receive stream is transport-alive
+// but no longer delivering messages, so the stream is torn down to reconnect.
+var errReceiveStreamStalled = errors.New("signal receive stream stalled")
 
 // ConnStateNotifier is a wrapper interface of the status recorder
 type ConnStateNotifier interface {
@@ -47,20 +66,64 @@ type GrpcClient struct {
 	connStateCallback     ConnStateNotifier
 	connStateCallbackLock sync.RWMutex
 
+	// netMgr gates the Receive retry loop on OS-reported network
+	// availability and sweeps the transport on network change.
+	netMgr *netevents.Manager
+
 	onReconnectedListenerFn func()
 
 	decryptionWorker       *Worker
 	decryptionWorkerCancel context.CancelFunc
 	decryptionWg           sync.WaitGroup
+
+	// lastReceived holds the Unix-nano timestamp of the last message read from
+	// the receive stream, used by the receive watchdog.
+	lastReceived atomic.Int64
+	// receiveStalled is set by the receive watchdog when the stream is
+	// transport-alive but no longer delivering messages. It is the source of
+	// truth IsHealthy reads, and is cleared once any frame is received again.
+	receiveStalled atomic.Bool
+	// receiveHandoffBlocked is set while the receive loop is parked handing a
+	// message to a busy decryption worker. The loop stops calling Recv (and
+	// markReceived) in that window, so the stream looks silent though it is
+	// healthy. The watchdog reads this to avoid misreading self-inflicted
+	// receive backpressure as a dead stream: reconnecting cannot help, since the
+	// new stream feeds the same worker, and only triggers a reconnect storm.
+	receiveHandoffBlocked atomic.Bool
+	watchdogWg            sync.WaitGroup
+}
+
+// Option configures optional GrpcClient behavior.
+type Option func(*GrpcClient)
+
+// WithNetEvents injects the OS network event handling.
+func WithNetEvents(events *netevents.Manager) Option {
+	return func(c *GrpcClient) { c.netMgr = events }
 }
 
 // NewClient creates a new Signal client
-func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string, key wgtypes.Key, tlsEnabled bool) (*GrpcClient, error) {
-	var conn *grpc.ClientConn
+func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string, key wgtypes.Key, tlsEnabled bool, opts ...Option) (*GrpcClient, error) {
+	// Options apply before dialing: the sweeper must wrap the first connection too.
+	c := &GrpcClient{
+		ctx:                   ctx,
+		key:                   key,
+		mux:                   sync.Mutex{},
+		status:                StreamDisconnected,
+		connStateCallbackLock: sync.RWMutex{},
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(c)
+	}
 
+	var extraOpts []grpc.DialOption
+	if c.netMgr != nil {
+		extraOpts = append(extraOpts, nbgrpc.WithSweeper(c.netMgr))
+	}
+
+	var conn *grpc.ClientConn
 	operation := func() error {
 		var err error
-		conn, err = nbgrpc.CreateConnection(ctx, addr, tlsEnabled, wsproxy.SignalComponent)
+		conn, err = nbgrpc.CreateConnection(ctx, addr, tlsEnabled, wsproxy.SignalComponent, extraOpts...)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("create connection: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -75,15 +138,9 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, addr string, key wgtypes.Key, tlsEnabled boo
 
 	log.Debugf("connected to Signal Service: %v", conn.Target())
 
-	return &GrpcClient{
-		realClient:            proto.NewSignalExchangeClient(conn),
-		ctx:                   ctx,
-		signalConn:            conn,
-		key:                   key,
-		mux:                   sync.Mutex{},
-		status:                StreamDisconnected,
-		connStateCallbackLock: sync.RWMutex{},
-	}, nil
+	c.signalConn = conn
+	c.realClient = proto.NewSignalExchangeClient(conn)
+	return c, nil
 }
 
 func (c *GrpcClient) StreamConnected() bool {
@@ -131,26 +188,46 @@ func defaultBackoff(ctx context.Context) backoff.BackOff {
 // The connection retry logic will try to reconnect for 30 min and if wasn't successful will propagate the error to the function caller.
 func (c *GrpcClient) Receive(ctx context.Context, msgHandler func(msg *proto.Message) error) error {
 
-	var backOff = defaultBackoff(ctx)
+	backOff := c.netMgr.QuickRetryBackoff(ctx, defaultBackoff(ctx))
 
 	operation := func() error {
+		// suspend reconnect attempts while the OS reports no usable network.
+		// Wait only errors on a cancelled context, which means shutdown, so
+		// stop the loop without reporting a failure.
+		if waited, err := c.netMgr.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("signal connection context has been canceled while offline, this usually indicates shutdown")
+			return nil
+		} else if waited {
+			backOff.Reset()
+			// dials attempted while offline grew the channel's internal backoff;
+			// reset it too, or the reconnect waits out that timer first
+			c.signalConn.ResetConnectBackoff()
+		}
 
 		c.notifyStreamDisconnected()
 
-		log.Debugf("signal connection state %v", c.signalConn.GetState())
 		connState := c.signalConn.GetState()
+		log.Debugf("signal connection state %v", connState)
 		if connState == connectivity.Shutdown {
 			return backoff.Permanent(fmt.Errorf("connection to signal has been shut down"))
-		} else if !(connState == connectivity.Ready || connState == connectivity.Idle) {
+		}
+		if !(connState == connectivity.Ready || connState == connectivity.Idle) {
+			// A dial may already be in flight (e.g. triggered by another RPC
+			// after a network change); wait for it to settle and proceed if
+			// the channel became usable, instead of burning a backoff round on
+			// a successful dial. A failed dial errors out as before.
 			c.signalConn.WaitForStateChange(ctx, connState)
-			return fmt.Errorf("connection to signal is not ready and in %s state", connState)
+			connState = c.signalConn.GetState()
+			if !(connState == connectivity.Ready || connState == connectivity.Idle) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("connection to signal is not ready and in %s state", connState)
+			}
 		}
 
 		// connect to Signal stream identifying ourselves with a public WireGuard key
 		// todo once the key rotation logic has been implemented, consider changing to some other identifier (received from management)
-		ctx, cancelStream := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		streamCtx, cancelStream := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 		defer cancelStream()
-		stream, err := c.connect(ctx, c.key.PublicKey().String())
+		stream, err := c.connect(streamCtx, c.key.PublicKey().String())
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Warnf("disconnected from the Signal Exchange due to an error: %v", err)
 			return err
@@ -164,10 +241,25 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) Receive(ctx context.Context, msgHandler func(msg *proto.Mes
 		// Start worker pool if not already started
 		c.startEncryptionWorker(msgHandler)
 
+		// Guard the receive direction: the transport can stay healthy while the
+		// server stops delivering messages. The watchdog reconnects via cancelStream.
+		c.markReceived()
+		c.watchdogWg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer c.watchdogWg.Done()
+			c.watchReceiveStream(streamCtx, cancelStream)
+		}()
+
 		// start receiving messages from the Signal stream (from other peers through signal)
 		err = c.receive(stream)
+
+		cancelStream()
+		c.watchdogWg.Wait()
+
 		if err != nil {
-			if s, ok := status.FromError(err); ok && s.Code() == codes.Canceled {
+			// Check the parent context, not streamCtx: a watchdog-triggered
+			// cancelStream must reconnect, only a parent cancel is shutdown.
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
 				log.Debugf("signal connection context has been canceled, this usually indicates shutdown")
 				return nil
 			}
@@ -182,7 +274,7 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) Receive(ctx context.Context, msgHandler func(msg *proto.Mes
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	err := backoff.Retry(operation, backOff)
+	err := nbgrpc.Retry(ctx, operation, backOff, c.netMgr)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("exiting the Signal service connection retry loop due to the unrecoverable error: %v", err)
 		return err
@@ -213,15 +305,6 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) notifyStreamConnected() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (c *GrpcClient) getStreamStatusChan() <-chan struct{} {
-	c.mux.Lock()
-	defer c.mux.Unlock()
-	if c.connectedCh == nil {
-		c.connectedCh = make(chan struct{})
-	}
-	return c.connectedCh
-}
-
 func (c *GrpcClient) connect(ctx context.Context, key string) (proto.SignalExchange_ConnectStreamClient, error) {
 	c.stream = nil
 
@@ -252,7 +335,10 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) Ready() bool {
 	return c.signalConn.GetState() == connectivity.Ready || c.signalConn.GetState() == connectivity.Idle
 }
 
-// IsHealthy probes the gRPC connection and returns false on errors
+// IsHealthy reports whether the Signal connection is usable, based on the
+// transport state plus the receive watchdog's verdict, and updates the status
+// recorder accordingly. It does not actively probe: the watchdog
+// (watchReceiveStream) owns probing the receive path and reconnecting.
 func (c *GrpcClient) IsHealthy() bool {
 	switch c.signalConn.GetState() {
 	case connectivity.TransientFailure:
@@ -265,16 +351,8 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) IsHealthy() bool {
 	case connectivity.Ready:
 	}
 
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.ctx, healthCheckTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
-	_, err := c.realClient.Send(ctx, &proto.EncryptedMessage{
-		Key:       c.key.PublicKey().String(),
-		RemoteKey: "dummy",
-		Body:      nil,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		c.notifyDisconnected(err)
-		log.Warnf("health check returned: %s", err)
+	if c.receiveStalled.Load() {
+		c.notifyDisconnected(errReceiveStreamStalled)
 		return false
 	}
 	c.notifyConnected()
@@ -282,14 +360,24 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) IsHealthy() bool {
 }
 
 // WaitStreamConnected waits until the client is connected to the Signal stream
-func (c *GrpcClient) WaitStreamConnected() {
-
+func (c *GrpcClient) WaitStreamConnected(ctx context.Context) {
+	// Check the status and obtain the wait channel atomically: otherwise
+	// notifyStreamConnected could flip the status and close/clear the channel
+	// between the check and the channel creation, leaving us waiting forever on
+	// a stale channel.
+	c.mux.Lock()
 	if c.status == StreamConnected {
+		c.mux.Unlock()
 		return
 	}
+	if c.connectedCh == nil {
+		c.connectedCh = make(chan struct{})
+	}
+	ch := c.connectedCh
+	c.mux.Unlock()
 
-	ch := c.getStreamStatusChan()
 	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
 	case <-c.ctx.Done():
 	case <-ch:
 	}
@@ -364,7 +452,12 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) encryptMessage(msg *proto.Message) (*proto.EncryptedMessage
 
 // Send sends a message to the remote Peer through the Signal Exchange.
 func (c *GrpcClient) Send(msg *proto.Message) error {
+	return c.send(c.ctx, msg)
+}
 
+// send delivers a message deriving per-attempt timeouts from parentCtx, so a
+// caller can abort an in-flight send by cancelling that context.
+func (c *GrpcClient) send(parentCtx context.Context, msg *proto.Message) error {
 	if !c.Ready() {
 		return fmt.Errorf("no connection to signal")
 	}
@@ -380,7 +473,7 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) Send(msg *proto.Message) error {
 		if attempt > 1 {
 			attemptTimeout = time.Duration(attempt) * 5 * time.Second
 		}
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(c.ctx, attemptTimeout)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, attemptTimeout)
 
 		_, err = c.realClient.Send(ctx, encryptedMessage)
 
@@ -398,6 +491,80 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) Send(msg *proto.Message) error {
 	return err
 }
 
+// markReceived records that a frame was just read from the receive stream and
+// clears the stalled flag.
+func (c *GrpcClient) markReceived() {
+	c.lastReceived.Store(time.Now().UnixNano())
+	c.receiveStalled.Store(false)
+}
+
+// idleSinceReceive returns how long the receive stream has been silent.
+func (c *GrpcClient) idleSinceReceive() time.Duration {
+	return time.Since(time.Unix(0, c.lastReceived.Load()))
+}
+
+// receiveAlive reports whether the receive stream shows liveness: it delivered a
+// frame within the inactivity threshold, or the receive loop is currently parked
+// handing a message to a busy decryption worker. In the latter case the loop has
+// stopped calling Recv, so the stream looks silent while being healthy, and
+// reconnecting would not help, so the watchdog must treat it as alive.
+func (c *GrpcClient) receiveAlive() bool {
+	return c.idleSinceReceive() < receiveInactivityThreshold ||
+		c.receiveHandoffBlocked.Load()
+}
+
+// watchReceiveStream guards against a receive stream that is transport-alive but
+// no longer delivering messages. While the stream is idle past
+// receiveInactivityThreshold it sends a self-addressed probe that the Signal
+// server routes back to this client. If the probe does not round-trip within
+// receiveProbeTimeout the receive direction is considered dead and cancelStream
+// is called so the retry loop reconnects.
+func (c *GrpcClient) watchReceiveStream(ctx context.Context, cancelStream context.CancelFunc) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(receiveWatchdogInterval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	var probeSentAt time.Time
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			if c.receiveAlive() {
+				probeSentAt = time.Time{}
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if !probeSentAt.IsZero() && time.Since(probeSentAt) >= receiveProbeTimeout {
+				log.Warnf("signal receive stream stalled: no messages for %s and probe did not return, reconnecting", c.idleSinceReceive().Round(time.Second))
+				c.receiveStalled.Store(true)
+				c.notifyDisconnected(errReceiveStreamStalled)
+				cancelStream()
+				return
+			}
+
+			if probeSentAt.IsZero() {
+				if err := c.sendReceiveProbe(ctx); err != nil {
+					log.Debugf("failed to send signal receive probe: %v", err)
+				}
+				probeSentAt = time.Now()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// sendReceiveProbe sends a self-addressed heartbeat bound to ctx, so cancelStream
+// aborts an in-flight probe instead of leaving the watchdog blocked on send timeouts.
+// The Signal server routes it back to this client, exercising the exact receive
+// path the watchdog guards.
+func (c *GrpcClient) sendReceiveProbe(ctx context.Context) error {
+	self := c.key.PublicKey().String()
+	return c.send(ctx, &proto.Message{
+		Key:       self,
+		RemoteKey: self,
+		Body:      &proto.Body{Type: proto.Body_HEARTBEAT},
+	})
+}
+
 // receive receives messages from other peers coming through the Signal Exchange
 // and distributes them to worker threads for processing
 func (c *GrpcClient) receive(stream proto.SignalExchange_ConnectStreamClient) error {
@@ -419,13 +586,24 @@ func (c *GrpcClient) receive(stream proto.SignalExchange_ConnectStreamClient) er
 			return err
 		}
 
+		// Any frame from the server proves the receive direction is alive.
+		c.markReceived()
+
 		if msg == nil {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		// The handoff blocks while the worker is busy, which parks this loop and
+		// stops Recv. Flag it so the watchdog does not read the resulting silence
+		// as a dead stream.
+		c.receiveHandoffBlocked.Store(true)
 		if err := c.decryptionWorker.AddMsg(c.ctx, msg); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("failed to add message to decryption worker: %v", err)
 		}
+		// Refresh liveness before clearing the flag so the window between here and
+		// the next Recv does not read a stale timestamp as a dead stream.
+		c.markReceived()
+		c.receiveHandoffBlocked.Store(false)
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/shared/signal/client/mock.go b/shared/signal/client/mock.go
index 95381a5b0..0c8a083c5 100644
--- a/shared/signal/client/mock.go
+++ b/shared/signal/client/mock.go
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ func (sm *MockClient) Ready() bool {
 	return sm.ReadyFunc()
 }
 
-func (sm *MockClient) WaitStreamConnected() {
+func (sm *MockClient) WaitStreamConnected(context.Context) {
 	if sm.WaitStreamConnectedFunc == nil {
 		return
 	}
diff --git a/shared/signal/client/watchdog_test.go b/shared/signal/client/watchdog_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8bbafa29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/signal/client/watchdog_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package client
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/wgctrl/wgtypes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc"
+
+	sigProto "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/server"
+)
+
+func startTestSignalServer(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	s := grpc.NewServer()
+	srv, err := server.NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	sigProto.RegisterSignalExchangeServer(s, srv)
+
+	go func() {
+		_ = s.Serve(lis)
+	}()
+	t.Cleanup(s.Stop)
+
+	return lis.Addr().String()
+}
+
+// TestReceiveProbeRoundTrips verifies that the watchdog's self-addressed heartbeat
+// is routed back to the same client through the signal server. This round-trip is
+// what lets the watchdog confirm the receive direction is still delivering.
+func TestReceiveProbeRoundTrips(t *testing.T) {
+	addr := startTestSignalServer(t)
+
+	key, err := wgtypes.GenerateKey()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	client, err := NewClient(ctx, addr, key, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = client.Close() })
+
+	received := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_ = client.Receive(ctx, func(msg *sigProto.Message) error {
+			if msg.GetBody().GetType() == sigProto.Body_HEARTBEAT && msg.GetKey() == key.PublicKey().String() {
+				select {
+				case received <- struct{}{}:
+				default:
+				}
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+	}()
+
+	streamReady := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		client.WaitStreamConnected(ctx)
+		close(streamReady)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-streamReady:
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("signal stream did not connect within timeout")
+	}
+
+	require.NoError(t, client.sendReceiveProbe(ctx))
+
+	select {
+	case <-received:
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("self-addressed heartbeat did not round-trip back through the signal server")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestReceiveAliveTreatsHandoffBlockAsLiveness reproduces the false positive
+// where a busy decryption worker parks the receive loop on the worker handoff,
+// so Recv (and markReceived) stops firing even though the stream is healthy.
+// With the receive stream silent past the inactivity threshold but the loop
+// blocked on handoff, the watchdog must consider the stream alive rather than
+// tear it down (reconnecting feeds the same worker and would not help).
+func TestReceiveAliveTreatsHandoffBlockAsLiveness(t *testing.T) {
+	c := &GrpcClient{}
+
+	// Receive stream silent and the loop not blocked on handoff: genuinely stalled.
+	c.lastReceived.Store(time.Now().Add(-2 * receiveInactivityThreshold).UnixNano())
+	require.False(t, c.receiveAlive(), "silent stream with the receive loop idle must be treated as stalled")
+
+	// Receive stream silent but the loop is parked handing a message to a busy
+	// worker: self-inflicted backpressure, not a dead stream, must not tear down.
+	c.receiveHandoffBlocked.Store(true)
+	require.True(t, c.receiveAlive(), "a receive loop blocked on worker handoff must keep the stream alive")
+
+	// Handoff drained, loop back to reading, a frame just arrived: alive via the receive path.
+	c.receiveHandoffBlocked.Store(false)
+	c.markReceived()
+	require.True(t, c.receiveAlive(), "a freshly received frame must keep the stream alive")
+}
+
+// fakeRecvStream feeds the receive loop frames from a channel and reports EOF
+// once the channel is closed. Only Recv is exercised by the loop.
+type fakeRecvStream struct {
+	sigProto.SignalExchange_ConnectStreamClient
+	frames chan *sigProto.EncryptedMessage
+}
+
+func (s *fakeRecvStream) Recv() (*sigProto.EncryptedMessage, error) {
+	msg, ok := <-s.frames
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, io.EOF
+	}
+	return msg, nil
+}
+
+// TestReceiveLoopRefreshesLivenessAfterBlockedHandoff drives the real receive
+// loop into a handoff that blocks past the inactivity threshold, then checks the
+// window after the handoff drains but before the next Recv. The loop must have
+// refreshed the timestamp on unblocking, otherwise that window reads the stale
+// pre-handoff timestamp as a dead stream and the watchdog tears down a healthy
+// connection.
+func TestReceiveLoopRefreshesLivenessAfterBlockedHandoff(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+	c := &GrpcClient{ctx: ctx}
+
+	handling := make(chan struct{}, 8)
+	gate := make(chan struct{})
+	decrypt := func(*sigProto.EncryptedMessage) (*sigProto.Message, error) { return &sigProto.Message{}, nil }
+	handler := func(*sigProto.Message) error {
+		handling <- struct{}{}
+		<-gate
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.decryptionWorker = NewWorker(decrypt, handler)
+	workerCtx, workerCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	go c.decryptionWorker.Work(workerCtx)
+	t.Cleanup(workerCancel)
+
+	frames := make(chan *sigProto.EncryptedMessage)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { close(frames) })
+	go func() { _ = c.receive(&fakeRecvStream{frames: frames}) }()
+
+	// First frame: the worker drains it and parks in the blocking handler.
+	frames <- &sigProto.EncryptedMessage{}
+	<-handling
+	// Second frame fills the worker's single-slot pool.
+	frames <- &sigProto.EncryptedMessage{}
+	// Third frame: the pool is full, so the loop parks on the handoff.
+	frames <- &sigProto.EncryptedMessage{}
+
+	require.Eventually(t, c.receiveHandoffBlocked.Load, time.Second, time.Millisecond,
+		"receive loop should park on the worker handoff")
+
+	// Simulate the handoff having blocked past the inactivity threshold.
+	c.lastReceived.Store(time.Now().Add(-2 * receiveInactivityThreshold).UnixNano())
+	require.True(t, c.receiveAlive(), "a loop parked on the handoff must stay alive")
+
+	// Drain the worker so the handoff returns and the loop resumes reading.
+	close(gate)
+
+	// Once the handoff clears, the loop is parked on the next Recv with no frame
+	// pending. The stream must still read as alive in that window.
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool { return !c.receiveHandoffBlocked.Load() }, time.Second, time.Millisecond,
+		"handoff should drain once the worker is released")
+	require.True(t, c.receiveAlive(),
+		"the loop must refresh liveness when the handoff drains, before the next Recv")
+}
diff --git a/shared/signal/proto/generate.sh b/shared/signal/proto/generate.sh
index 720a5ff66..718eae152 100755
--- a/shared/signal/proto/generate.sh
+++ b/shared/signal/proto/generate.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -e
 
 if ! which realpath > /dev/null 2>&1
diff --git a/shared/signal/proto/signalexchange.pb.go b/shared/signal/proto/signalexchange.pb.go
index d9c61a846..8e07977f0 100644
--- a/shared/signal/proto/signalexchange.pb.go
+++ b/shared/signal/proto/signalexchange.pb.go
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ const (
 	Body_CANDIDATE Body_Type = 2
 	Body_MODE      Body_Type = 4
 	Body_GO_IDLE   Body_Type = 5
+	Body_HEARTBEAT Body_Type = 6
 )
 
 // Enum value maps for Body_Type.
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ var (
 		2: "CANDIDATE",
 		4: "MODE",
 		5: "GO_IDLE",
+		6: "HEARTBEAT",
 	}
 	Body_Type_value = map[string]int32{
 		"OFFER":     0,
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ var (
 		"CANDIDATE": 2,
 		"MODE":      4,
 		"GO_IDLE":   5,
+		"HEARTBEAT": 6,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -229,8 +232,13 @@ type Body struct {
 	// RosenpassConfig is a Rosenpass config of the remote peer our peer tries to connect to
 	RosenpassConfig *RosenpassConfig `protobuf:"bytes,7,opt,name=rosenpassConfig,proto3" json:"rosenpassConfig,omitempty"`
 	// relayServerAddress is url of the relay server
-	RelayServerAddress string `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=relayServerAddress,proto3" json:"relayServerAddress,omitempty"`
-	SessionId          []byte `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=sessionId,proto3,oneof" json:"sessionId,omitempty"`
+	RelayServerAddress *string `protobuf:"bytes,8,opt,name=relayServerAddress,proto3,oneof" json:"relayServerAddress,omitempty"`
+	SessionId          []byte  `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=sessionId,proto3,oneof" json:"sessionId,omitempty"`
+	// relayServerIP is the IP the sender is connected to on its relay server,
+	// encoded as 4 bytes (IPv4) or 16 bytes (IPv6). Receivers may use it as a
+	// fallback dial target when DNS resolution of relayServerAddress fails.
+	// SNI/TLS verification still uses relayServerAddress.
+	RelayServerIP []byte `protobuf:"bytes,11,opt,name=relayServerIP,proto3,oneof" json:"relayServerIP,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *Body) Reset() {
@@ -315,8 +323,8 @@ func (x *Body) GetRosenpassConfig() *RosenpassConfig {
 }
 
 func (x *Body) GetRelayServerAddress() string {
-	if x != nil {
-		return x.RelayServerAddress
+	if x != nil && x.RelayServerAddress != nil {
+		return *x.RelayServerAddress
 	}
 	return ""
 }
@@ -328,6 +336,13 @@ func (x *Body) GetSessionId() []byte {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *Body) GetRelayServerIP() []byte {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.RelayServerIP
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Mode indicates a connection mode
 type Mode struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
@@ -451,7 +466,7 @@ var file_signalexchange_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x52, 0x09, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x65, 0x4b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x12, 0x28, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x62,
 	0x6f, 0x64, 0x79, 0x18, 0x04, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x14, 0x2e, 0x73, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e,
 	0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x63, 0x68, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x42, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x79, 0x52,
-	0x04, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x79, 0x22, 0xe4, 0x03, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x42, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x79, 0x12, 0x2d,
+	0x04, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x79, 0x22, 0xd2, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x42, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x79, 0x12, 0x2d,
 	0x0a, 0x04, 0x74, 0x79, 0x70, 0x65, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0e, 0x32, 0x19, 0x2e, 0x73,
 	0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x63, 0x68, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x42, 0x6f,
 	0x64, 0x79, 0x2e, 0x54, 0x79, 0x70, 0x65, 0x52, 0x04, 0x74, 0x79, 0x70, 0x65, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0a,
@@ -471,40 +486,47 @@ var file_signalexchange_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x1f, 0x2e, 0x73, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x63,
 	0x68, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x70, 0x61, 0x73, 0x73, 0x43,
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+	0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x12, 0x33, 0x0a, 0x12, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x79, 0x53,
 	0x65, 0x72, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x41, 0x64, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x18, 0x08, 0x20, 0x01,
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 	0x78, 0x63, 0x68, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x72, 0x79, 0x70, 0x74, 0x65,
-	0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x1a, 0x20, 0x2e, 0x73, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61,
-	0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x63, 0x68, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x72, 0x79, 0x70,
-	0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x22, 0x00, 0x12, 0x59, 0x0a, 0x0d,
-	0x43, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x53, 0x74, 0x72, 0x65, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x12, 0x20, 0x2e,
+	0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x22, 0x00, 0x12, 0x59, 0x0a, 0x0d, 0x43, 0x6f,
+	0x6e, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x53, 0x74, 0x72, 0x65, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x12, 0x20, 0x2e, 0x73, 0x69,
+	0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x63, 0x68, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x63,
+	0x72, 0x79, 0x70, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x1a, 0x20, 0x2e,
 	0x73, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x63, 0x68, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x45,
-	0x6e, 0x63, 0x72, 0x79, 0x70, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x1a,
-	0x20, 0x2e, 0x73, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x78, 0x63, 0x68, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65,
-	0x2e, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x72, 0x79, 0x70, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67,
-	0x65, 0x22, 0x00, 0x28, 0x01, 0x30, 0x01, 0x42, 0x08, 0x5a, 0x06, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74,
-	0x6f, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
+	0x6e, 0x63, 0x72, 0x79, 0x70, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64, 0x4d, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x22,
+	0x00, 0x28, 0x01, 0x30, 0x01, 0x42, 0x08, 0x5a, 0x06, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62,
+	0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }
 
 var (
diff --git a/shared/signal/proto/signalexchange.proto b/shared/signal/proto/signalexchange.proto
index 0a33ad78b..8c304e37c 100644
--- a/shared/signal/proto/signalexchange.proto
+++ b/shared/signal/proto/signalexchange.proto
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ message Body {
     CANDIDATE = 2;
     MODE = 4;
     GO_IDLE = 5;
+    HEARTBEAT = 6;
   }
   Type type = 1;
   string payload = 2;
@@ -63,9 +64,17 @@ message Body {
   RosenpassConfig rosenpassConfig = 7;
 
   // relayServerAddress is url of the relay server
-  string relayServerAddress = 8;
+  optional string relayServerAddress = 8;
+
+  reserved 9;
 
   optional bytes sessionId = 10;
+
+  // relayServerIP is the IP the sender is connected to on its relay server,
+  // encoded as 4 bytes (IPv4) or 16 bytes (IPv6). Receivers may use it as a
+  // fallback dial target when DNS resolution of relayServerAddress fails.
+  // SNI/TLS verification still uses relayServerAddress.
+  optional bytes relayServerIP = 11;
 }
 
 // Mode indicates a connection mode
diff --git a/shared/testing_helpers/populate_fields.go b/shared/testing_helpers/populate_fields.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c93d62b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shared/testing_helpers/populate_fields.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package testing_helpers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+type PopulateFields struct {
+	CustomFieldSetters map[reflect.Type]func(this *PopulateFields, field reflect.Value) (int, error)
+	TagsToSkip         map[string]string
+}
+
+func NewPopulateFields() *PopulateFields {
+	return &PopulateFields{CustomFieldSetters: defaultCustomFieldSetters(), TagsToSkip: make(map[string]string)}
+}
+
+func (p *PopulateFields) WithCustomFieldSetter(t reflect.Type, f func(this *PopulateFields, field reflect.Value) (int, error)) *PopulateFields {
+	p.CustomFieldSetters[t] = f
+	return p
+}
+
+func (p *PopulateFields) WithSkippedTag(tag, value string) *PopulateFields {
+	p.TagsToSkip[tag] = value
+	return p
+}
+
+func (p *PopulateFields) PopulateAll(v reflect.Value) (int, error) {
+	typ := v.Type()
+	totalExportedFields := 0
+	for i := 0; i < typ.NumField(); i++ {
+		f := typ.Field(i)
+		if f.PkgPath != "" { // unexported
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if p.skippedTagPresent(f.Tag) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		numOfExportedFields, err := p.setNonZero(v.Field(i))
+		totalExportedFields += numOfExportedFields
+		if err != nil {
+			return totalExportedFields, err
+		}
+	}
+	return totalExportedFields, nil
+}
+
+// setNonZero assigns a deterministic non-zero value to a field based on its kind,
+// recursing into nested structs and populating one element of slice fields.
+func (p *PopulateFields) setNonZero(field reflect.Value) (int, error) {
+	if f, ok := p.CustomFieldSetters[field.Type()]; ok {
+		return f(p, field)
+	}
+
+	switch field.Kind() {
+	case reflect.String:
+		field.SetString("non-zero")
+	case reflect.Bool:
+		field.SetBool(true)
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		field.SetInt(7)
+	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64:
+		field.SetUint(7)
+	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+		field.SetFloat(7)
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		n, err := p.PopulateAll(field)
+		return n + 1, err
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		s := reflect.MakeSlice(field.Type(), 1, 1)
+		_, err := p.setNonZero(s.Index(0))
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		field.Set(s)
+	default:
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("unhandled field kind %s; extend setNonZero", field.Kind())
+	}
+
+	return 1, nil
+}
+
+func defaultCustomFieldSetters() map[reflect.Type]func(this *PopulateFields, field reflect.Value) (int, error) {
+	return map[reflect.Type]func(this *PopulateFields, field reflect.Value) (int, error){
+		reflect.TypeOf(netip.Prefix{}): func(_ *PopulateFields, field reflect.Value) (int, error) {
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/24")))
+			return 1, nil
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *PopulateFields) skippedTagPresent(t reflect.StructTag) bool {
+	for tag, value := range p.TagsToSkip {
+		if v := t.Get(tag); v == value {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/sharedsock/example/main.go b/sharedsock/example/main.go
index da62b276e..4fa1766b6 100644
--- a/sharedsock/example/main.go
+++ b/sharedsock/example/main.go
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import (
 func main() {
 
 	port := 51820
-	rawSock, err := sharedsock.Listen(port, sharedsock.NewIncomingSTUNFilter(), iface.DefaultMTU)
-	if err != nil {
+	rawSock, err := sharedsock.Listen(port, sharedsock.NewIncomingSTUNFilter(), iface.DefaultMTU) //nolint:staticcheck
+	if err != nil {                                                                               //nolint:staticcheck // always errors on non-Linux builds
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
diff --git a/sharedsock/sock_linux.go b/sharedsock/sock_linux.go
index 523beb32b..150e8a722 100644
--- a/sharedsock/sock_linux.go
+++ b/sharedsock/sock_linux.go
@@ -10,15 +10,13 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/gopacket"
 	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
-	"github.com/google/gopacket/routing"
-	"github.com/libp2p/go-netroute"
 	"github.com/mdlayher/socket"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 )
 
 // ErrSharedSockStopped indicates that shared socket has been stopped
-var ErrSharedSockStopped = fmt.Errorf("shared socked stopped")
+var ErrSharedSockStopped = fmt.Errorf("shared socket stopped")
 
 // SharedSocket is a net.PacketConn that initiates two raw sockets (ipv4 and ipv6) and listens to UDP packets filtered
 // by BPF instructions (e.g., IncomingSTUNFilter that checks and sends only STUN packets to the listeners (ReadFrom)).
@@ -37,8 +35,6 @@ type SharedSocket struct {
 	conn6       *socket.Conn
 	port        int
 	mtu         uint16
-	routerMux   sync.RWMutex
-	router      routing.Router
 	packetDemux chan rcvdPacket
 	cancel      context.CancelFunc
 }
@@ -82,11 +78,6 @@ func Listen(port int, filter BPFFilter, mtu uint16) (_ net.PacketConn, err error
 		}
 	}()
 
-	rawSock.router, err = netroute.New()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create raw socket router: %w", err)
-	}
-
 	rawSock.conn4, err = socket.Socket(unix.AF_INET, unix.SOCK_RAW, unix.IPPROTO_UDP, "raw_udp4", nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create ipv4 raw socket: %w", err)
@@ -127,31 +118,26 @@ func Listen(port int, filter BPFFilter, mtu uint16) (_ net.PacketConn, err error
 		go rawSock.read(rawSock.conn6.Recvfrom)
 	}
 
-	go rawSock.updateRouter()
-
 	return rawSock, nil
 }
 
-// updateRouter updates the listener routing table client
-// this is needed to avoid outdated information across different client networks
-func (s *SharedSocket) updateRouter() {
-	ticker := time.NewTicker(15 * time.Second)
-	defer ticker.Stop()
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-s.ctx.Done():
-			return
-		case <-ticker.C:
-			router, err := netroute.New()
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("Failed to create and update packet router for stunListener: %s", err)
-				continue
-			}
-			s.routerMux.Lock()
-			s.router = router
-			s.routerMux.Unlock()
+// resolveSrc returns the source IP the kernel will pick for a packet sent to
+// dst by these raw sockets, mirroring the fwmark the kernel will see on send.
+func (s *SharedSocket) resolveSrc(dst net.IP) (net.IP, error) {
+	opts := &netlink.RouteGetOptions{}
+	if nbnet.AdvancedRouting() {
+		opts.Mark = nbnet.ControlPlaneMark
+	}
+	routes, err := netlink.RouteGetWithOptions(dst, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("route get %s: %w", dst, err)
+	}
+	for _, r := range routes {
+		if r.Src != nil {
+			return r.Src, nil
 		}
 	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no source IP for %s", dst)
 }
 
 // LocalAddr returns the local address, preferring IPv4 for backward compatibility.
@@ -310,15 +296,15 @@ func (s *SharedSocket) WriteTo(buf []byte, rAddr net.Addr) (n int, err error) {
 		DstPort: layers.UDPPort(rUDPAddr.Port),
 	}
 
-	s.routerMux.RLock()
-	defer s.routerMux.RUnlock()
-
-	_, _, src, err := s.router.Route(rUDPAddr.IP)
+	src, err := s.resolveSrc(rUDPAddr.IP)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("got an error while checking route, err: %w", err)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("resolve source for %s: %w", rUDPAddr.IP, err)
 	}
 
 	rSockAddr, conn, nwLayer := s.getWriterObjects(src, rUDPAddr.IP)
+	if conn == nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("no raw socket for %s", rUDPAddr.IP)
+	}
 
 	if err := udp.SetNetworkLayerForChecksum(nwLayer); err != nil {
 		return -1, fmt.Errorf("failed to set network layer for checksum: %w", err)
diff --git a/sharedsock/sock_linux_test.go b/sharedsock/sock_linux_test.go
index a22af461a..0ed15e282 100644
--- a/sharedsock/sock_linux_test.go
+++ b/sharedsock/sock_linux_test.go
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+//go:build privileged
+
 package sharedsock
 
 import (
diff --git a/signal/Dockerfile b/signal/Dockerfile
index 4fd5fe4a3..f6504dc74 100644
--- a/signal/Dockerfile
+++ b/signal/Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 FROM gcr.io/distroless/base:debug
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/go/bin/netbird-signal","run" ]
 CMD ["--log-file", "console"]
-COPY netbird-signal /go/bin/netbird-signal
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+COPY ${TARGETPLATFORM}/netbird-signal /go/bin/netbird-signal
diff --git a/signal/cmd/run.go b/signal/cmd/run.go
index 681222403..a36623c6b 100644
--- a/signal/cmd/run.go
+++ b/signal/cmd/run.go
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	// nolint:gosec
 	_ "net/http/pprof"
+	"os"
 	"time"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/google.golang.org/grpc/otelgrpc"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
 	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c" //nolint:staticcheck
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/metrics"
 
@@ -195,12 +196,14 @@ var (
 )
 
 func startPprof() {
-	go func() {
-		log.Debugf("Starting pprof server on 127.0.0.1:6060")
-		if err := http.ListenAndServe("127.0.0.1:6060", nil); err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("pprof server failed: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
+	if pprofAddr := os.Getenv("NB_PPROF_ADDR"); pprofAddr != "" {
+		log.Infof("pprof enabled, listening on: %s", pprofAddr)
+		go func() {
+			if err := http.ListenAndServe(pprofAddr, nil); err != nil {
+				log.Fatalf("pprof server failed: %v", err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
 }
 
 func getTLSConfigurations() ([]grpc.ServerOption, *autocert.Manager, *tls.Config, error) {
@@ -281,6 +284,7 @@ func serveHTTP(httpListener net.Listener, handler http.Handler) {
 	go func() {
 		// Use h2c to support HTTP/2 without TLS (needed for gRPC)
 		h1s := &http.Server{
+			//nolint:staticcheck // h2c also handles the HTTP/1 Upgrade mechanism, which http.Server's UnencryptedHTTP2 does not
 			Handler: h2c.NewHandler(handler, &http2.Server{}),
 		}
 		err := h1s.Serve(httpListener)
diff --git a/signal/peer/peer.go b/signal/peer/peer.go
index c9dd60fc0..c04654b8b 100644
--- a/signal/peer/peer.go
+++ b/signal/peer/peer.go
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ type Peer struct {
 
 	// a gRpc connection stream to the Peer
 	Stream proto.SignalExchange_ConnectStreamServer
+	// sendMu serializes writes to Stream. gRPC forbids concurrent SendMsg on
+	// the same ServerStream, and a peer can be the target of many senders at
+	// once.
+	sendMu sync.Mutex
 
 	// registration time
 	RegisteredAt time.Time
@@ -33,6 +37,13 @@ type Peer struct {
 	Cancel context.CancelFunc
 }
 
+// Send writes a message to the peer's stream, serializing concurrent senders.
+func (p *Peer) Send(msg *proto.EncryptedMessage) error {
+	p.sendMu.Lock()
+	defer p.sendMu.Unlock()
+	return p.Stream.Send(msg)
+}
+
 // NewPeer creates a new instance of a connected Peer
 func NewPeer(id string, stream proto.SignalExchange_ConnectStreamServer, cancel context.CancelFunc) *Peer {
 	return &Peer{
diff --git a/signal/server/concurrent_send_test.go b/signal/server/concurrent_send_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3830482d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/signal/server/concurrent_send_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/shared/signal/proto"
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/signal/peer"
+)
+
+// concurrencyCheckStream records the maximum number of Send calls in flight at
+// once. gRPC forbids concurrent SendMsg on the same ServerStream, so a correct
+// server must never have more than one in flight per peer.
+type concurrencyCheckStream struct {
+	proto.SignalExchange_ConnectStreamServer
+	ctx      context.Context
+	inflight atomic.Int32
+	maxSeen  atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (s *concurrencyCheckStream) Send(*proto.EncryptedMessage) error {
+	n := s.inflight.Add(1)
+	for {
+		old := s.maxSeen.Load()
+		if n <= old || s.maxSeen.CompareAndSwap(old, n) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	// Widen the window so overlapping callers are reliably observed.
+	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+	s.inflight.Add(-1)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *concurrencyCheckStream) Context() context.Context { return s.ctx }
+
+// TestForwardMessageToPeerSerializesSend verifies that concurrent forwards to the
+// same peer never call Stream.Send concurrently, which would violate the gRPC
+// ServerStream contract.
+func TestForwardMessageToPeerSerializesSend(t *testing.T) {
+	s, err := NewServer(context.Background(), otel.Meter(""))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	const peerID = "peerX"
+	stream := &concurrencyCheckStream{ctx: context.Background()}
+	_, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+	require.NoError(t, s.registry.Register(peer.NewPeer(peerID, stream, cancel)))
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			s.forwardMessageToPeer(context.Background(), &proto.EncryptedMessage{Key: "sender", RemoteKey: peerID})
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	require.Equal(t, int32(1), stream.maxSeen.Load(), "Stream.Send must never run concurrently on the same peer stream")
+}
diff --git a/signal/server/signal.go b/signal/server/signal.go
index c46df56d2..7edbb4d34 100644
--- a/signal/server/signal.go
+++ b/signal/server/signal.go
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ func (s *Server) forwardMessageToPeer(ctx context.Context, msg *proto.EncryptedM
 	sendResultChan := make(chan error, 1)
 	go func() {
 		select {
-		case sendResultChan <- dstPeer.Stream.Send(msg):
+		case sendResultChan <- dstPeer.Send(msg):
 			return
 		case <-dstPeer.Stream.Context().Done():
 			return
diff --git a/sonar-project.properties b/sonar-project.properties
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5dede20d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sonar-project.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+sonar.projectKey=netbirdio_netbird
+sonar.organization=netbirdio
diff --git a/tools/idp-migrate/DEVELOPMENT.md b/tools/idp-migrate/DEVELOPMENT.md
index 5697ead40..41b5bc992 100644
--- a/tools/idp-migrate/DEVELOPMENT.md
+++ b/tools/idp-migrate/DEVELOPMENT.md
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ The build requires `CGO_ENABLED=1` because it links the SQLite driver used by `S
 | `--domain` | string | `""` | Sets both dashboard and API domain (convenience shorthand) |
 | `--dashboard-domain` | string | *(required)* | Dashboard domain (for redirect URIs) |
 | `--api-domain` | string | *(required)* | API domain (for Dex issuer and callback URLs) |
+| `--single-account-mode-domain` | string | `netbird.selfhosted` | Domain single account mode groups users under. Used only when the account has no domain of its own; passing one that conflicts with the account's existing domain is an error |
 | `--dry-run` | bool | `false` | Preview changes without writing |
 | `--force` | bool | `false` | Skip interactive confirmation prompt |
 | `--skip-config` | bool | `false` | Skip config generation (DB-only migration) |
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ All flags can be overridden via environment variables. Env vars take precedence
 | `NETBIRD_CONFIG_PATH` | `--config` |
 | `NETBIRD_DATA_DIR` | `--datadir` |
 | `NETBIRD_IDP_SEED_INFO` | `--idp-seed-info` |
+| `NETBIRD_SINGLE_ACCOUNT_MODE_DOMAIN` | `--single-account-mode-domain` |
 | `NETBIRD_DRY_RUN` | `--dry-run` (set to `"true"`) |
 | `NETBIRD_FORCE` | `--force` (set to `"true"`) |
 | `NETBIRD_SKIP_CONFIG` | `--skip-config` (set to `"true"`) |
diff --git a/tools/idp-migrate/config.go b/tools/idp-migrate/config.go
index f4d6b9ea2..6510fd940 100644
--- a/tools/idp-migrate/config.go
+++ b/tools/idp-migrate/config.go
@@ -6,16 +6,18 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/management/server/idp/migration"
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util"
 )
 
 type migrationConfig struct {
 	// Data
-	dashboardURL string
-	apiURL       string
-	configPath   string
-	dataDir      string
-	idpSeedInfo  string
+	dashboardURL        string
+	apiURL              string
+	configPath          string
+	dataDir             string
+	idpSeedInfo         string
+	singleAccountDomain string
 
 	// Options
 	dryRun               bool
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ func configFromArgs(args []string) (*migrationConfig, error) {
 	fs.StringVar(&cfg.configPath, "config", "", "path to management.json (required)")
 	fs.StringVar(&cfg.dataDir, "datadir", "", "override data directory from config")
 	fs.StringVar(&cfg.idpSeedInfo, "idp-seed-info", "", "base64-encoded connector JSON (overrides auto-detection)")
+	fs.StringVar(&cfg.singleAccountDomain, "single-account-mode-domain", "", "domain single account mode groups users under, used only when the account has no domain of its own (default "+migration.DefaultSingleAccountDomain+")")
 	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.dryRun, "dry-run", false, "preview changes without writing")
 	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.force, "force", false, "skip confirmation prompt")
 	fs.BoolVar(&cfg.skipConfig, "skip-config", false, "skip config generation (DB migration only)")
@@ -118,6 +121,10 @@ func applyOverrides(cfg *migrationConfig, domain string) {
 		cfg.idpSeedInfo = val
 	}
 
+	if val, ok := os.LookupEnv("NETBIRD_SINGLE_ACCOUNT_MODE_DOMAIN"); ok {
+		cfg.singleAccountDomain = val
+	}
+
 	// Enforce dry run if any value is provided
 	if sval, ok := os.LookupEnv("NETBIRD_DRY_RUN"); ok {
 		if val, err := strconv.ParseBool(sval); err == nil {
@@ -170,5 +177,9 @@ func validateConfig(cfg *migrationConfig) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("--dashboard-domain is required")
 	}
 
+	if _, err := migration.NormalizeSingleAccountDomain(cfg.singleAccountDomain); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/tools/idp-migrate/main.go b/tools/idp-migrate/main.go
index a8cba0750..652bf3393 100644
--- a/tools/idp-migrate/main.go
+++ b/tools/idp-migrate/main.go
@@ -71,6 +71,10 @@ func run(cfg *migrationConfig) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if err := preflightAccounts(cfg, mgmtConfig); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	if !cfg.skipPopulateUserInfo {
 		err := populateUserInfoFromIDP(cfg, mgmtConfig)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -102,6 +106,22 @@ func run(cfg *migrationConfig) error {
 	return generateConfig(cfg, connectorConfig)
 }
 
+func preflightAccounts(cfg *migrationConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config) error {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	migStore, migEventStore, cleanup, err := openStores(ctx, mgmtConfig, cfg.dataDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer cleanup()
+
+	srv := &migrationServer{store: migStore, eventStore: migEventStore}
+	if err := migration.RequireSingleAccount(srv); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return migration.CheckSingleAccountDomain(srv, cfg.singleAccountDomain)
+}
+
 // validateSchema opens the store and checks that all required tables and columns
 // exist. If anything is missing, it returns a descriptive error telling the user
 // to upgrade their management server.
@@ -224,6 +244,8 @@ func migrateDB(cfg *migrationConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config, connectorConfi
 	}
 	defer cleanup()
 
+	srv := &migrationServer{store: migStore, eventStore: migEventStore}
+
 	pending, err := previewUsers(ctx, migStore)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -243,11 +265,14 @@ func migrateDB(cfg *migrationConfig, mgmtConfig *nbconfig.Config, connectorConfi
 		}
 	}
 
-	srv := &migrationServer{store: migStore, eventStore: migEventStore}
 	if err := migration.MigrateUsersToStaticConnectors(srv, connectorConfig); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("migrate users: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	if err := migration.EnsureSingleAccountDomain(srv, cfg.singleAccountDomain); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("prepare single account mode: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	if !cfg.dryRun {
 		log.Info("DB migration completed successfully")
 	}
diff --git a/tools/idp-migrate/main_test.go b/tools/idp-migrate/main_test.go
index 75d0bd7eb..286e15b88 100644
--- a/tools/idp-migrate/main_test.go
+++ b/tools/idp-migrate/main_test.go
@@ -485,3 +485,77 @@ func TestGenerateConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.True(t, os.IsNotExist(err))
 	})
 }
+
+func TestValidateConfigRejectsUnusableSingleAccountDomain(t *testing.T) {
+	base := func() migrationConfig {
+		return migrationConfig{
+			configPath:          "/tmp/management.json",
+			dataDir:             "/tmp/datadir",
+			idpSeedInfo:         "seed",
+			apiURL:              "https://api.example.com",
+			dashboardURL:        "https://app.example.com",
+			singleAccountDomain: migration.DefaultSingleAccountDomain,
+		}
+	}
+
+	t.Run("usable domain is accepted", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := base()
+		require.NoError(t, validateConfig(&cfg))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty falls back to the default", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := base()
+		cfg.singleAccountDomain = ""
+		require.NoError(t, validateConfig(&cfg))
+	})
+
+	// Rejected up front so the migration cannot fail after it has rewritten user IDs.
+	t.Run("single label domain is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := base()
+		cfg.singleAccountDomain = "corp"
+		err := validateConfig(&cfg)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, migration.ErrUnusableDomain)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestApplyOverrides_SingleAccountDomainFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("env var overrides the flag", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv("NETBIRD_SINGLE_ACCOUNT_MODE_DOMAIN", "corp.example.com")
+
+		cfg, err := configFromArgs([]string{
+			"--config", "/tmp/management.json",
+			"--datadir", "/tmp/datadir",
+			"--idp-seed-info", "seed",
+			"--domain", "example.com",
+			"--single-account-mode-domain", "flag.example.com",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "corp.example.com", cfg.singleAccountDomain)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unset leaves the flag value", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg, err := configFromArgs([]string{
+			"--config", "/tmp/management.json",
+			"--datadir", "/tmp/datadir",
+			"--idp-seed-info", "seed",
+			"--domain", "example.com",
+			"--single-account-mode-domain", "flag.example.com",
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "flag.example.com", cfg.singleAccountDomain)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unusable env value is rejected", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv("NETBIRD_SINGLE_ACCOUNT_MODE_DOMAIN", "corp")
+
+		_, err := configFromArgs([]string{
+			"--config", "/tmp/management.json",
+			"--datadir", "/tmp/datadir",
+			"--idp-seed-info", "seed",
+			"--domain", "example.com",
+		})
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, migration.ErrUnusableDomain)
+	})
+}
diff --git a/trustedproxy/trustedproxy.go b/trustedproxy/trustedproxy.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..70df01d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trustedproxy/trustedproxy.go
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package trustedproxy
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// List holds a parsed set of trusted upstream proxy prefixes and answers trust
+// questions against it. The zero value (and a nil *List) is a valid, empty list
+// that never trusts any address, so callers can use it without a nil check.
+type List struct {
+	prefixes []netip.Prefix
+}
+
+// Parse parses a comma-separated list of CIDR prefixes or bare IPs into a List.
+// Bare IPs are converted to single-host prefixes (/32 or /128). An empty input
+// yields an empty List that trusts nothing.
+func Parse(raw string) (*List, error) {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return &List{}, nil
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Split(raw, ",")
+	prefixes := make([]netip.Prefix, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, part := range parts {
+		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if part == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(part)
+		if err == nil {
+			prefixes = append(prefixes, prefix)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		addr, addrErr := netip.ParseAddr(part)
+		if addrErr != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse trusted proxy %q: not a valid CIDR or IP: %w", part, addrErr)
+		}
+
+		bits := 32
+		if addr.Is6() {
+			bits = 128
+		}
+		prefixes = append(prefixes, netip.PrefixFrom(addr, bits))
+	}
+	return &List{prefixes: prefixes}, nil
+}
+
+// FromPrefixes wraps an already-parsed set of prefixes in a List.
+func FromPrefixes(prefixes []netip.Prefix) *List {
+	return &List{prefixes: prefixes}
+}
+
+// Empty reports whether the list contains no prefixes.
+func (l *List) Empty() bool {
+	return l == nil || len(l.prefixes) == 0
+}
+
+// IsTrusted reports whether the given host:port or bare IP falls within the list.
+func (l *List) IsTrusted(remoteAddr string) bool {
+	if l.Empty() {
+		return false
+	}
+	return l.Contains(ExtractHostIP(remoteAddr))
+}
+
+// Contains reports whether the given address falls within any trusted prefix.
+func (l *List) Contains(addr netip.Addr) bool {
+	if l.Empty() || !addr.IsValid() {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, prefix := range l.prefixes {
+		if prefix.Contains(addr) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// ResolveClientIP extracts the real client IP from X-Forwarded-For using the
+// list. It walks the XFF chain right-to-left, skipping IPs that match trusted
+// prefixes; the first untrusted IP is the real client. If the list is empty or
+// remoteAddr is not trusted, it returns the remoteAddr IP directly, ignoring any
+// forwarding headers.
+func (l *List) ResolveClientIP(remoteAddr, xff string) netip.Addr {
+	remoteIP := ExtractHostIP(remoteAddr)
+
+	if l.Empty() || !l.Contains(remoteIP) {
+		return remoteIP
+	}
+
+	if xff == "" {
+		return remoteIP
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.Split(xff, ",")
+	for i := len(parts) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		ip := strings.TrimSpace(parts[i])
+		if ip == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(ip)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		addr = addr.Unmap()
+		if !l.Contains(addr) {
+			return addr
+		}
+	}
+
+	if first := strings.TrimSpace(parts[0]); first != "" {
+		if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(first); err == nil {
+			return addr.Unmap()
+		}
+	}
+	return remoteIP
+}
+
+// ExtractHostIP parses the IP from a host:port string and returns it unmapped.
+func ExtractHostIP(hostPort string) netip.Addr {
+	if ap, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(hostPort); err == nil {
+		return ap.Addr().Unmap()
+	}
+	if addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(hostPort); err == nil {
+		return addr.Unmap()
+	}
+	return netip.Addr{}
+}
diff --git a/trustedproxy/trustedproxy_test.go b/trustedproxy/trustedproxy_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e702a49c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trustedproxy/trustedproxy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+package trustedproxy
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		raw     string
+		want    []netip.Prefix
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "empty string returns empty list",
+			raw:  "",
+			want: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single CIDR",
+			raw:  "10.0.0.0/8",
+			want: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single bare IPv4",
+			raw:  "1.2.3.4",
+			want: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32")},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single bare IPv6",
+			raw:  "::1",
+			want: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("::1/128")},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "comma-separated CIDRs",
+			raw:  "10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24",
+			want: []netip.Prefix{
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "mixed CIDRs and bare IPs",
+			raw:  "10.0.0.0/8, 1.2.3.4, fd00::/8",
+			want: []netip.Prefix{
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("fd00::/8"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "whitespace around entries",
+			raw:  "  10.0.0.0/8 , 192.168.0.0/16  ",
+			want: []netip.Prefix{
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8"),
+				netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16"),
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "trailing comma produces no extra entry",
+			raw:  "10.0.0.0/8,",
+			want: []netip.Prefix{netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "invalid entry",
+			raw:     "not-an-ip",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "partially invalid",
+			raw:     "10.0.0.0/8, garbage",
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := Parse(tt.raw)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				return
+			}
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got.prefixes)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListIsTrusted(t *testing.T) {
+	list, err := Parse("10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.1.0/24, fd00::/8")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		addr string
+		list *List
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{"nil list", "10.0.0.1", nil, false},
+		{"empty list", "10.0.0.1", &List{}, false},
+		{"IP within /8 prefix", "10.1.2.3", list, true},
+		{"IP within /24 prefix", "192.168.1.100", list, true},
+		{"IP outside all prefixes", "203.0.113.50", list, false},
+		{"boundary IP just outside prefix", "192.168.2.1", list, false},
+		{"unparsable IP", "not-an-ip", list, false},
+		{"IPv6 in trusted range", "fd00::1", list, true},
+		{"IPv6 outside range", "2001:db8::1", list, false},
+		{"empty string", "", list, false},
+		{"host:port within prefix", "10.1.2.3:9999", list, true},
+		{"host:port outside prefix", "203.0.113.50:9999", list, false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, tt.list.IsTrusted(tt.addr))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestListResolveClientIP(t *testing.T) {
+	trusted, err := Parse("10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		remoteAddr string
+		xff        string
+		list       *List
+		want       netip.Addr
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "empty list returns RemoteAddr",
+			remoteAddr: "203.0.113.50:9999",
+			xff:        "1.2.3.4",
+			list:       &List{},
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "nil list returns RemoteAddr",
+			remoteAddr: "203.0.113.50:9999",
+			xff:        "1.2.3.4",
+			list:       nil,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "untrusted RemoteAddr ignores XFF",
+			remoteAddr: "203.0.113.50:9999",
+			xff:        "1.2.3.4, 10.0.0.1",
+			list:       trusted,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "trusted RemoteAddr with single client in XFF",
+			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
+			xff:        "203.0.113.50",
+			list:       trusted,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "trusted RemoteAddr walks past trusted entries in XFF",
+			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
+			xff:        "203.0.113.50, 10.0.0.2, 172.16.0.5",
+			list:       trusted,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "trusted RemoteAddr with empty XFF falls back to RemoteAddr",
+			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
+			xff:        "",
+			list:       trusted,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "all XFF IPs trusted returns leftmost",
+			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
+			xff:        "10.0.0.2, 172.16.0.1, 10.0.0.3",
+			list:       trusted,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "XFF with whitespace",
+			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
+			xff:        " 203.0.113.50 , 10.0.0.2 ",
+			list:       trusted,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "XFF with empty segments",
+			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
+			xff:        "203.0.113.50,,10.0.0.2",
+			list:       trusted,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "multi-hop with mixed trust",
+			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1:5000",
+			xff:        "8.8.8.8, 203.0.113.50, 172.16.0.1",
+			list:       trusted,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "RemoteAddr without port",
+			remoteAddr: "10.0.0.1",
+			xff:        "203.0.113.50",
+			list:       trusted,
+			want:       netip.MustParseAddr("203.0.113.50"),
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, tt.list.ResolveClientIP(tt.remoteAddr, tt.xff))
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/upload-server/Dockerfile b/upload-server/Dockerfile
index a38c6fbb8..3713d6f2a 100644
--- a/upload-server/Dockerfile
+++ b/upload-server/Dockerfile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 FROM gcr.io/distroless/base:debug
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/go/bin/netbird-upload" ]
-COPY netbird-upload /go/bin/netbird-upload
+ARG TARGETPLATFORM
+COPY ${TARGETPLATFORM}/netbird-upload /go/bin/netbird-upload
diff --git a/upload-server/server/s3_test.go b/upload-server/server/s3_test.go
index 7ab1bb379..a72356409 100644
--- a/upload-server/server/s3_test.go
+++ b/upload-server/server/s3_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package server
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"runtime"
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ func Test_S3HandlerGetUploadURL(t *testing.T) {
 	hostIP, err := c.Host(ctx)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	awsEndpoint := "http://" + hostIP + ":" + mappedPort.Port()
+	awsEndpoint := "http://" + net.JoinHostPort(hostIP, mappedPort.Port())
 
 	t.Setenv("AWS_REGION", awsRegion)
 	t.Setenv("AWS_ENDPOINT_URL", awsEndpoint)
diff --git a/util/capture/afpacket_linux.go b/util/capture/afpacket_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf59e806a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/afpacket_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package capture
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// htons converts a uint16 from host to network (big-endian) byte order.
+func htons(v uint16) uint16 {
+	var buf [2]byte
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[:], v)
+	return binary.NativeEndian.Uint16(buf[:])
+}
+
+// AFPacketCapture reads raw packets from a network interface using an
+// AF_PACKET socket. This is the kernel-mode fallback when FilteredDevice is
+// not available (kernel WireGuard). Linux only.
+//
+// It implements device.PacketCapture so it can be set on a Session, but it
+// drives its own read loop rather than being called from FilteredDevice.
+// Call Start to begin and Stop to end.
+type AFPacketCapture struct {
+	ifaceName string
+	sess      *Session
+	fd        int
+	mu        sync.Mutex
+	stopped   chan struct{}
+	started   atomic.Bool
+	closed    atomic.Bool
+}
+
+// NewAFPacketCapture creates a capture bound to the given interface.
+// The session receives packets via Offer.
+func NewAFPacketCapture(ifaceName string, sess *Session) *AFPacketCapture {
+	return &AFPacketCapture{
+		ifaceName: ifaceName,
+		sess:      sess,
+		fd:        -1,
+		stopped:   make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+// Start opens the AF_PACKET socket and begins reading packets.
+// Packets are fed to the session via Offer. Returns immediately;
+// the read loop runs in a goroutine.
+func (c *AFPacketCapture) Start() error {
+	if c.sess == nil {
+		return errors.New("nil capture session")
+	}
+	if !c.started.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		return errors.New("capture already started")
+	}
+	if c.closed.Load() {
+		c.started.Store(false)
+		return errors.New("cannot restart stopped capture")
+	}
+
+	iface, err := net.InterfaceByName(c.ifaceName)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.started.Store(false)
+		return fmt.Errorf("interface %s: %w", c.ifaceName, err)
+	}
+
+	fd, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_PACKET, unix.SOCK_DGRAM|unix.SOCK_NONBLOCK|unix.SOCK_CLOEXEC, int(htons(unix.ETH_P_ALL)))
+	if err != nil {
+		c.started.Store(false)
+		return fmt.Errorf("create AF_PACKET socket: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	addr := &unix.SockaddrLinklayer{
+		Protocol: htons(unix.ETH_P_ALL),
+		Ifindex:  iface.Index,
+	}
+	if err := unix.Bind(fd, addr); err != nil {
+		unix.Close(fd)
+		c.started.Store(false)
+		return fmt.Errorf("bind to %s: %w", c.ifaceName, err)
+	}
+
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.fd = fd
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	go c.readLoop(fd)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Stop closes the socket and waits for the read loop to exit. Idempotent.
+func (c *AFPacketCapture) Stop() {
+	if !c.closed.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		if c.started.Load() {
+			<-c.stopped
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	fd := c.fd
+	c.fd = -1
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if fd >= 0 {
+		unix.Close(fd)
+	}
+
+	if c.started.Load() {
+		<-c.stopped
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *AFPacketCapture) readLoop(fd int) {
+	defer close(c.stopped)
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 65536)
+	pollFds := []unix.PollFd{{Fd: int32(fd), Events: unix.POLLIN}}
+
+	for {
+		if c.closed.Load() {
+			return
+		}
+
+		ok, err := c.pollOnce(pollFds)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		c.recvAndOffer(fd, buf)
+	}
+}
+
+// pollOnce waits for data on the fd. Returns true if data is ready, false for timeout/retry.
+// Returns an error to signal the loop should exit.
+func (c *AFPacketCapture) pollOnce(pollFds []unix.PollFd) (bool, error) {
+	n, err := unix.Poll(pollFds, 200)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, unix.EINTR) {
+			return false, nil
+		}
+		if c.closed.Load() {
+			return false, errors.New("closed")
+		}
+		log.Debugf("af_packet poll: %v", err)
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if n == 0 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if pollFds[0].Revents&(unix.POLLERR|unix.POLLHUP|unix.POLLNVAL) != 0 {
+		return false, errors.New("fd error")
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func (c *AFPacketCapture) recvAndOffer(fd int, buf []byte) {
+	nr, from, err := unix.Recvfrom(fd, buf, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, unix.EAGAIN) || errors.Is(err, unix.EINTR) {
+			return
+		}
+		if !c.closed.Load() {
+			log.Debugf("af_packet recvfrom: %v", err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	if nr < 1 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	ver := buf[0] >> 4
+	if ver != 4 && ver != 6 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// The kernel sets Pkttype on AF_PACKET sockets:
+	//   PACKET_HOST(0)     = addressed to us (inbound)
+	//   PACKET_OUTGOING(4) = sent by us (outbound)
+	outbound := false
+	if sa, ok := from.(*unix.SockaddrLinklayer); ok {
+		outbound = sa.Pkttype == unix.PACKET_OUTGOING
+	}
+	c.sess.Offer(buf[:nr], outbound)
+}
+
+// Offer satisfies device.PacketCapture but is unused: the AFPacketCapture
+// drives its own read loop. This exists only so the type signature is
+// compatible if someone tries to set it as a PacketCapture.
+func (c *AFPacketCapture) Offer([]byte, bool) {
+	// unused: AFPacketCapture drives its own read loop
+}
diff --git a/util/capture/afpacket_stub.go b/util/capture/afpacket_stub.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bde368e88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/afpacket_stub.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package capture
+
+import "errors"
+
+// AFPacketCapture is not available on this platform.
+type AFPacketCapture struct{}
+
+// NewAFPacketCapture returns nil on non-Linux platforms.
+func NewAFPacketCapture(string, *Session) *AFPacketCapture { return nil }
+
+// Start returns an error on non-Linux platforms.
+func (c *AFPacketCapture) Start() error {
+	return errors.New("AF_PACKET capture is only supported on Linux")
+}
+
+// Stop is a no-op on non-Linux platforms.
+func (c *AFPacketCapture) Stop() {
+	// no-op on non-Linux platforms
+}
+
+// Offer is a no-op on non-Linux platforms.
+func (c *AFPacketCapture) Offer([]byte, bool) {
+	// no-op on non-Linux platforms
+}
diff --git a/util/capture/capture.go b/util/capture/capture.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d92a4311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/capture.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Package capture provides userspace packet capture in pcap format.
+//
+// It taps decrypted WireGuard packets flowing through the FilteredDevice and
+// writes them as pcap (readable by tcpdump, tshark, Wireshark) or as
+// human-readable one-line-per-packet text.
+package capture
+
+import "io"
+
+// Direction indicates whether a packet is entering or leaving the host.
+type Direction uint8
+
+const (
+	// Inbound is a packet arriving from the network (FilteredDevice.Write path).
+	Inbound Direction = iota
+	// Outbound is a packet leaving the host (FilteredDevice.Read path).
+	Outbound
+)
+
+// String returns "IN" or "OUT".
+func (d Direction) String() string {
+	if d == Outbound {
+		return "OUT"
+	}
+	return "IN"
+}
+
+const (
+	protoICMP   = 1
+	protoTCP    = 6
+	protoUDP    = 17
+	protoICMPv6 = 58
+)
+
+// Options configures a capture session.
+type Options struct {
+	// Output receives pcap-formatted data. Nil disables pcap output.
+	Output io.Writer
+	// TextOutput receives human-readable packet summaries. Nil disables text output.
+	TextOutput io.Writer
+	// Matcher selects which packets to capture. Nil captures all.
+	// Use ParseFilter("host 10.0.0.1 and tcp") or &Filter{...}.
+	Matcher Matcher
+	// Verbose adds seq/ack, TTL, window, total length to text output.
+	Verbose bool
+	// ASCII dumps transport payload as printable ASCII after each packet line.
+	ASCII bool
+	// SnapLen is the maximum bytes captured per packet. 0 means 65535.
+	SnapLen uint32
+	// BufSize is the internal channel buffer size. 0 means 256.
+	BufSize int
+}
+
+// Stats reports capture session counters.
+type Stats struct {
+	Packets int64
+	Bytes   int64
+	Dropped int64
+}
diff --git a/util/capture/filter.go b/util/capture/filter.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d463450b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/filter.go
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+package capture
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Matcher tests whether a raw packet should be captured.
+type Matcher interface {
+	Match(data []byte) bool
+}
+
+// Filter selects packets by flat AND'd criteria. Useful for structured APIs
+// (query params, proto fields). Implements Matcher.
+type Filter struct {
+	SrcIP   netip.Addr
+	DstIP   netip.Addr
+	Host    netip.Addr
+	SrcPort uint16
+	DstPort uint16
+	Port    uint16
+	Proto   uint8
+}
+
+// IsEmpty returns true if the filter has no criteria set.
+func (f *Filter) IsEmpty() bool {
+	return !f.SrcIP.IsValid() && !f.DstIP.IsValid() && !f.Host.IsValid() &&
+		f.SrcPort == 0 && f.DstPort == 0 && f.Port == 0 && f.Proto == 0
+}
+
+// Match implements Matcher. All non-zero fields must match (AND).
+func (f *Filter) Match(data []byte) bool {
+	if f.IsEmpty() {
+		return true
+	}
+	info, ok := parsePacketInfo(data)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	if f.Host.IsValid() && info.srcIP != f.Host && info.dstIP != f.Host {
+		return false
+	}
+	if f.SrcIP.IsValid() && info.srcIP != f.SrcIP {
+		return false
+	}
+	if f.DstIP.IsValid() && info.dstIP != f.DstIP {
+		return false
+	}
+	if f.Proto != 0 && info.proto != f.Proto {
+		return false
+	}
+	if f.Port != 0 && info.srcPort != f.Port && info.dstPort != f.Port {
+		return false
+	}
+	if f.SrcPort != 0 && info.srcPort != f.SrcPort {
+		return false
+	}
+	if f.DstPort != 0 && info.dstPort != f.DstPort {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// exprNode evaluates a filter condition against pre-parsed packet info.
+type exprNode func(info *packetInfo) bool
+
+// exprMatcher wraps an expression tree. Parses the packet once, then walks the tree.
+type exprMatcher struct {
+	root exprNode
+}
+
+func (m *exprMatcher) Match(data []byte) bool {
+	info, ok := parsePacketInfo(data)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	return m.root(&info)
+}
+
+func nodeAnd(a, b exprNode) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return a(info) && b(info) }
+}
+
+func nodeOr(a, b exprNode) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return a(info) || b(info) }
+}
+
+func nodeNot(n exprNode) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return !n(info) }
+}
+
+func nodeHost(addr netip.Addr) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return info.srcIP == addr || info.dstIP == addr }
+}
+
+func nodeSrcHost(addr netip.Addr) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return info.srcIP == addr }
+}
+
+func nodeDstHost(addr netip.Addr) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return info.dstIP == addr }
+}
+
+func nodePort(port uint16) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return info.srcPort == port || info.dstPort == port }
+}
+
+func nodeSrcPort(port uint16) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return info.srcPort == port }
+}
+
+func nodeDstPort(port uint16) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return info.dstPort == port }
+}
+
+func nodeProto(proto uint8) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return info.proto == proto }
+}
+
+func nodeFamily(family uint8) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return info.family == family }
+}
+
+func nodeNet(prefix netip.Prefix) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return prefix.Contains(info.srcIP) || prefix.Contains(info.dstIP) }
+}
+
+func nodeSrcNet(prefix netip.Prefix) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return prefix.Contains(info.srcIP) }
+}
+
+func nodeDstNet(prefix netip.Prefix) exprNode {
+	return func(info *packetInfo) bool { return prefix.Contains(info.dstIP) }
+}
+
+// packetInfo holds parsed header fields for filtering and display.
+type packetInfo struct {
+	family  uint8
+	srcIP   netip.Addr
+	dstIP   netip.Addr
+	proto   uint8
+	srcPort uint16
+	dstPort uint16
+	hdrLen  int
+}
+
+func parsePacketInfo(data []byte) (packetInfo, bool) {
+	if len(data) < 1 {
+		return packetInfo{}, false
+	}
+	switch data[0] >> 4 {
+	case 4:
+		return parseIPv4Info(data)
+	case 6:
+		return parseIPv6Info(data)
+	default:
+		return packetInfo{}, false
+	}
+}
+
+func parseIPv4Info(data []byte) (packetInfo, bool) {
+	if len(data) < 20 {
+		return packetInfo{}, false
+	}
+	ihl := int(data[0]&0x0f) * 4
+	if ihl < 20 || len(data) < ihl {
+		return packetInfo{}, false
+	}
+	info := packetInfo{
+		family: 4,
+		srcIP:  netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{data[12], data[13], data[14], data[15]}),
+		dstIP:  netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{data[16], data[17], data[18], data[19]}),
+		proto:  data[9],
+		hdrLen: ihl,
+	}
+	if (info.proto == protoTCP || info.proto == protoUDP) && len(data) >= ihl+4 {
+		info.srcPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[ihl:])
+		info.dstPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[ihl+2:])
+	}
+	return info, true
+}
+
+// parseIPv6Info parses the fixed IPv6 header. It reads the Next Header field
+// directly, so packets with extension headers (hop-by-hop, routing, fragment,
+// etc.) will report the extension type as the protocol rather than the final
+// transport protocol. This is acceptable for a debug capture tool.
+func parseIPv6Info(data []byte) (packetInfo, bool) {
+	if len(data) < 40 {
+		return packetInfo{}, false
+	}
+	var src, dst [16]byte
+	copy(src[:], data[8:24])
+	copy(dst[:], data[24:40])
+	info := packetInfo{
+		family: 6,
+		srcIP:  netip.AddrFrom16(src),
+		dstIP:  netip.AddrFrom16(dst),
+		proto:  data[6],
+		hdrLen: 40,
+	}
+	if (info.proto == protoTCP || info.proto == protoUDP) && len(data) >= 44 {
+		info.srcPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[40:])
+		info.dstPort = binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[42:])
+	}
+	return info, true
+}
+
+// ParseFilter parses a BPF-like filter expression and returns a Matcher.
+// Returns nil Matcher for an empty expression (match all).
+//
+// Grammar (mirrors common tcpdump BPF syntax):
+//
+//	orExpr   = andExpr ("or" andExpr)*
+//	andExpr  = unary ("and" unary)*
+//	unary    = "not" unary | "(" orExpr ")" | term
+//
+//	term     = "host" IP | "src" target | "dst" target
+//	         | "port" NUM | "net" PREFIX
+//	         | "tcp" | "udp" | "icmp" | "icmp6"
+//	         | "ip" | "ip6" | "proto" NUM
+//	target   = "host" IP | "port" NUM | "net" PREFIX | IP
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//	host 10.0.0.1 and tcp port 443
+//	not port 22
+//	(host 10.0.0.1 or host 10.0.0.2) and tcp
+//	ip6 and icmp6
+//	net 10.0.0.0/24
+//	src host 10.0.0.1 or dst port 80
+func ParseFilter(expr string) (Matcher, error) {
+	tokens := tokenize(expr)
+	if len(tokens) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // nil Matcher means "match all"
+	}
+
+	p := &parser{tokens: tokens}
+	node, err := p.parseOr()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if p.pos < len(p.tokens) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected token %q at position %d", p.tokens[p.pos], p.pos)
+	}
+	return &exprMatcher{root: node}, nil
+}
+
+func tokenize(expr string) []string {
+	expr = strings.TrimSpace(expr)
+	if expr == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Split on whitespace but keep parens as separate tokens.
+	var tokens []string
+	for _, field := range strings.Fields(expr) {
+		tokens = append(tokens, splitParens(field)...)
+	}
+	return tokens
+}
+
+// splitParens splits "(foo)" into "(", "foo", ")".
+func splitParens(s string) []string {
+	var out []string
+	for strings.HasPrefix(s, "(") {
+		out = append(out, "(")
+		s = s[1:]
+	}
+	var trail []string
+	for strings.HasSuffix(s, ")") {
+		trail = append(trail, ")")
+		s = s[:len(s)-1]
+	}
+	if s != "" {
+		out = append(out, s)
+	}
+	out = append(out, trail...)
+	return out
+}
+
+type parser struct {
+	tokens []string
+	pos    int
+}
+
+func (p *parser) peek() string {
+	if p.pos >= len(p.tokens) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(p.tokens[p.pos])
+}
+
+func (p *parser) next() string {
+	tok := p.peek()
+	if tok != "" {
+		p.pos++
+	}
+	return tok
+}
+
+func (p *parser) expect(tok string) error {
+	got := p.next()
+	if got != tok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", tok, got)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *parser) parseOr() (exprNode, error) {
+	left, err := p.parseAnd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for p.peek() == "or" {
+		p.next()
+		right, err := p.parseAnd()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		left = nodeOr(left, right)
+	}
+	return left, nil
+}
+
+func (p *parser) parseAnd() (exprNode, error) {
+	left, err := p.parseUnary()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for {
+		tok := p.peek()
+		if tok == "and" {
+			p.next()
+			right, err := p.parseUnary()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			left = nodeAnd(left, right)
+			continue
+		}
+		// Implicit AND: two atoms without "and" between them.
+		// Only if the next token starts an atom (not "or", ")", or EOF).
+		if tok != "" && tok != "or" && tok != ")" {
+			right, err := p.parseUnary()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			left = nodeAnd(left, right)
+			continue
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	return left, nil
+}
+
+func (p *parser) parseUnary() (exprNode, error) {
+	switch p.peek() {
+	case "not":
+		p.next()
+		inner, err := p.parseUnary()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return nodeNot(inner), nil
+	case "(":
+		p.next()
+		inner, err := p.parseOr()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if err := p.expect(")"); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unclosed parenthesis")
+		}
+		return inner, nil
+	default:
+		return p.parseAtom()
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *parser) parseAtom() (exprNode, error) {
+	tok := p.next()
+	if tok == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected end of expression")
+	}
+
+	switch tok {
+	case "host":
+		addr, err := p.parseAddr()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("host: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nodeHost(addr), nil
+
+	case "port":
+		port, err := p.parsePort()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("port: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nodePort(port), nil
+
+	case "net":
+		prefix, err := p.parsePrefix()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("net: %w", err)
+		}
+		return nodeNet(prefix), nil
+
+	case "src":
+		return p.parseDirTarget(true)
+
+	case "dst":
+		return p.parseDirTarget(false)
+
+	case "tcp":
+		return nodeProto(protoTCP), nil
+	case "udp":
+		return nodeProto(protoUDP), nil
+	case "icmp":
+		return nodeProto(protoICMP), nil
+	case "icmp6":
+		return nodeProto(protoICMPv6), nil
+	case "ip":
+		return nodeFamily(4), nil
+	case "ip6":
+		return nodeFamily(6), nil
+
+	case "proto":
+		raw := p.next()
+		if raw == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("proto: missing number")
+		}
+		n, err := strconv.Atoi(raw)
+		if err != nil || n < 0 || n > 255 {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("proto: invalid number %q", raw)
+		}
+		return nodeProto(uint8(n)), nil
+
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown filter keyword %q", tok)
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *parser) parseDirTarget(isSrc bool) (exprNode, error) {
+	tok := p.peek()
+	switch tok {
+	case "host":
+		p.next()
+		addr, err := p.parseAddr()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if isSrc {
+			return nodeSrcHost(addr), nil
+		}
+		return nodeDstHost(addr), nil
+
+	case "port":
+		p.next()
+		port, err := p.parsePort()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if isSrc {
+			return nodeSrcPort(port), nil
+		}
+		return nodeDstPort(port), nil
+
+	case "net":
+		p.next()
+		prefix, err := p.parsePrefix()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if isSrc {
+			return nodeSrcNet(prefix), nil
+		}
+		return nodeDstNet(prefix), nil
+
+	default:
+		// Try as bare IP: "src 10.0.0.1"
+		addr, err := p.parseAddr()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected host, port, net, or IP after src/dst, got %q", tok)
+		}
+		if isSrc {
+			return nodeSrcHost(addr), nil
+		}
+		return nodeDstHost(addr), nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (p *parser) parseAddr() (netip.Addr, error) {
+	raw := p.next()
+	if raw == "" {
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("missing IP address")
+	}
+	addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Addr{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid IP %q", raw)
+	}
+	return addr.Unmap(), nil
+}
+
+func (p *parser) parsePort() (uint16, error) {
+	raw := p.next()
+	if raw == "" {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("missing port number")
+	}
+	n, err := strconv.Atoi(raw)
+	if err != nil || n < 1 || n > 65535 {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid port %q", raw)
+	}
+	return uint16(n), nil
+}
+
+func (p *parser) parsePrefix() (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	raw := p.next()
+	if raw == "" {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("missing network prefix")
+	}
+	prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid prefix %q", raw)
+	}
+	return prefix, nil
+}
diff --git a/util/capture/filter_test.go b/util/capture/filter_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5fd17566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/filter_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+package capture
+
+import (
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// buildIPv4Packet creates a minimal IPv4+TCP/UDP packet for filter testing.
+func buildIPv4Packet(t *testing.T, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, proto uint8, srcPort, dstPort uint16) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	hdrLen := 20
+	pkt := make([]byte, hdrLen+20)
+	pkt[0] = 0x45
+	pkt[9] = proto
+
+	src := srcIP.As4()
+	dst := dstIP.As4()
+	copy(pkt[12:16], src[:])
+	copy(pkt[16:20], dst[:])
+
+	pkt[20] = byte(srcPort >> 8)
+	pkt[21] = byte(srcPort)
+	pkt[22] = byte(dstPort >> 8)
+	pkt[23] = byte(dstPort)
+
+	return pkt
+}
+
+// buildIPv6Packet creates a minimal IPv6+TCP/UDP packet for filter testing.
+func buildIPv6Packet(t *testing.T, srcIP, dstIP netip.Addr, proto uint8, srcPort, dstPort uint16) []byte {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	pkt := make([]byte, 44) // 40 header + 4 ports
+	pkt[0] = 0x60           // version 6
+	pkt[6] = proto          // next header
+
+	src := srcIP.As16()
+	dst := dstIP.As16()
+	copy(pkt[8:24], src[:])
+	copy(pkt[24:40], dst[:])
+
+	pkt[40] = byte(srcPort >> 8)
+	pkt[41] = byte(srcPort)
+	pkt[42] = byte(dstPort >> 8)
+	pkt[43] = byte(dstPort)
+
+	return pkt
+}
+
+// ---- Filter struct tests ----
+
+func TestFilter_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	f := Filter{}
+	assert.True(t, f.IsEmpty())
+	assert.True(t, f.Match(buildIPv4Packet(t,
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"),
+		protoTCP, 12345, 443)))
+}
+
+func TestFilter_Host(t *testing.T) {
+	f := Filter{Host: netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")}
+	assert.True(t, f.Match(buildIPv4Packet(t, netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"), protoTCP, 1234, 80)))
+	assert.True(t, f.Match(buildIPv4Packet(t, netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"), netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"), protoTCP, 1234, 80)))
+	assert.False(t, f.Match(buildIPv4Packet(t, netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"), netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.3"), protoTCP, 1234, 80)))
+}
+
+func TestFilter_InvalidPacket(t *testing.T) {
+	f := Filter{Host: netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1")}
+	assert.False(t, f.Match(nil))
+	assert.False(t, f.Match([]byte{}))
+	assert.False(t, f.Match([]byte{0x00}))
+}
+
+func TestParsePacketInfo_IPv4(t *testing.T) {
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(t, netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"), protoTCP, 54321, 80)
+	info, ok := parsePacketInfo(pkt)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint8(4), info.family)
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("192.168.1.1"), info.srcIP)
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"), info.dstIP)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint8(protoTCP), info.proto)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(54321), info.srcPort)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(80), info.dstPort)
+}
+
+func TestParsePacketInfo_IPv6(t *testing.T) {
+	pkt := buildIPv6Packet(t, netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"), netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"), protoUDP, 1234, 53)
+	info, ok := parsePacketInfo(pkt)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint8(6), info.family)
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::1"), info.srcIP)
+	assert.Equal(t, netip.MustParseAddr("fd00::2"), info.dstIP)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint8(protoUDP), info.proto)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(1234), info.srcPort)
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(53), info.dstPort)
+}
+
+// ---- ParseFilter expression tests ----
+
+func matchV4(t *testing.T, m Matcher, srcIP, dstIP string, proto uint8, srcPort, dstPort uint16) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+	return m.Match(buildIPv4Packet(t, netip.MustParseAddr(srcIP), netip.MustParseAddr(dstIP), proto, srcPort, dstPort))
+}
+
+func matchV6(t *testing.T, m Matcher, srcIP, dstIP string, proto uint8, srcPort, dstPort uint16) bool {
+	t.Helper()
+	return m.Match(buildIPv6Packet(t, netip.MustParseAddr(srcIP), netip.MustParseAddr(dstIP), proto, srcPort, dstPort))
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := ParseFilter("")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, m, "empty expression should return nil matcher")
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_Atoms(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		expr  string
+		match bool
+	}{
+		{"tcp", true},
+		{"udp", false},
+		{"host 10.0.0.1", true},
+		{"host 10.0.0.99", false},
+		{"port 443", true},
+		{"port 80", false},
+		{"src host 10.0.0.1", true},
+		{"dst host 10.0.0.2", true},
+		{"dst host 10.0.0.1", false},
+		{"src port 12345", true},
+		{"dst port 443", true},
+		{"dst port 80", false},
+		{"proto 6", true},
+		{"proto 17", false},
+	}
+
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(t, netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"), netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"), protoTCP, 12345, 443)
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.expr, func(t *testing.T) {
+			m, err := ParseFilter(tt.expr)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.match, m.Match(pkt))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_And(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := ParseFilter("host 10.0.0.1 and tcp port 443")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 55555, 443))
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoUDP, 55555, 443), "wrong proto")
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.3", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 55555, 443), "wrong host")
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 55555, 80), "wrong port")
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_ImplicitAnd(t *testing.T) {
+	// "tcp port 443" = implicit AND between tcp and port 443
+	m, err := ParseFilter("tcp port 443")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 1, 443))
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoUDP, 1, 443))
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_Or(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := ParseFilter("port 80 or port 443")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8", protoTCP, 1, 80))
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8", protoTCP, 1, 443))
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8", protoTCP, 1, 8080))
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_Not(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := ParseFilter("not port 22")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 1, 443))
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 1, 22))
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 22, 80))
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_Parens(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := ParseFilter("(port 80 or port 443) and tcp")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8", protoTCP, 1, 443))
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8", protoUDP, 1, 443), "wrong proto")
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "1.2.3.4", "5.6.7.8", protoTCP, 1, 8080), "wrong port")
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_Family(t *testing.T) {
+	mV4, err := ParseFilter("ip")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, mV4, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 1, 80))
+	assert.False(t, matchV6(t, mV4, "fd00::1", "fd00::2", protoTCP, 1, 80))
+
+	mV6, err := ParseFilter("ip6")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, mV6, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 1, 80))
+	assert.True(t, matchV6(t, mV6, "fd00::1", "fd00::2", protoTCP, 1, 80))
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_Net(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := ParseFilter("net 10.0.0.0/24")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "192.168.1.1", protoTCP, 1, 80), "src in net")
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "192.168.1.1", "10.0.0.200", protoTCP, 1, 80), "dst in net")
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.1.1", "192.168.1.1", protoTCP, 1, 80), "neither in net")
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_SrcDstNet(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := ParseFilter("src net 10.0.0.0/8 and dst net 192.168.0.0/16")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.1.2.3", "192.168.1.1", protoTCP, 1, 80))
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "192.168.1.1", "10.1.2.3", protoTCP, 1, 80), "reversed")
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_Complex(t *testing.T) {
+	// Real-world: capture HTTP(S) traffic to/from specific host, excluding SSH
+	m, err := ParseFilter("host 10.0.0.1 and (port 80 or port 443) and not port 22")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 55555, 443))
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.2", "10.0.0.1", protoTCP, 55555, 80))
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 22, 443), "port 22 excluded")
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.3", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 55555, 443), "wrong host")
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_IPv6Combined(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := ParseFilter("ip6 and icmp6")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV6(t, m, "fd00::1", "fd00::2", protoICMPv6, 0, 0))
+	assert.False(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoICMP, 0, 0), "wrong family")
+	assert.False(t, matchV6(t, m, "fd00::1", "fd00::2", protoTCP, 1, 80), "wrong proto")
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_CaseInsensitive(t *testing.T) {
+	m, err := ParseFilter("HOST 10.0.0.1 AND TCP PORT 443")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, matchV4(t, m, "10.0.0.1", "10.0.0.2", protoTCP, 1, 443))
+}
+
+func TestParseFilter_Errors(t *testing.T) {
+	bad := []string{
+		"badkeyword",
+		"host",
+		"port abc",
+		"port 99999",
+		"net invalid",
+		"(",
+		"(port 80",
+		"not",
+		"src",
+	}
+	for _, expr := range bad {
+		t.Run(expr, func(t *testing.T) {
+			_, err := ParseFilter(expr)
+			assert.Error(t, err, "should fail for %q", expr)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/util/capture/pcap.go b/util/capture/pcap.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a9057045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/pcap.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package capture
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	pcapMagic      = 0xa1b2c3d4
+	pcapVersionMaj = 2
+	pcapVersionMin = 4
+	// linkTypeRaw is LINKTYPE_RAW: raw IPv4/IPv6 packets without link-layer header.
+	linkTypeRaw    = 101
+	defaultSnapLen = 65535
+)
+
+// PcapWriter writes packets in pcap format to an underlying writer.
+// The global header is written lazily on the first WritePacket call so that
+// the writer can be used with unbuffered io.Pipes without deadlocking.
+// It is not safe for concurrent use; callers must serialize access.
+type PcapWriter struct {
+	w             io.Writer
+	snapLen       uint32
+	headerWritten bool
+}
+
+// NewPcapWriter creates a pcap writer. The global header is deferred until the
+// first WritePacket call.
+func NewPcapWriter(w io.Writer, snapLen uint32) *PcapWriter {
+	if snapLen == 0 {
+		snapLen = defaultSnapLen
+	}
+	return &PcapWriter{w: w, snapLen: snapLen}
+}
+
+// writeGlobalHeader writes the 24-byte pcap file header.
+func (pw *PcapWriter) writeGlobalHeader() error {
+	var hdr [24]byte
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(hdr[0:4], pcapMagic)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(hdr[4:6], pcapVersionMaj)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(hdr[6:8], pcapVersionMin)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(hdr[16:20], pw.snapLen)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(hdr[20:24], linkTypeRaw)
+
+	_, err := pw.w.Write(hdr[:])
+	return err
+}
+
+// WriteHeader writes the pcap global header. Safe to call multiple times.
+func (pw *PcapWriter) WriteHeader() error {
+	if pw.headerWritten {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := pw.writeGlobalHeader(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	pw.headerWritten = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WritePacket writes a single packet record, preceded by the global header
+// on the first call.
+func (pw *PcapWriter) WritePacket(ts time.Time, data []byte) error {
+	if err := pw.WriteHeader(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	origLen := uint32(len(data))
+	if origLen > pw.snapLen {
+		data = data[:pw.snapLen]
+	}
+
+	var hdr [16]byte
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(hdr[0:4], uint32(ts.Unix()))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(hdr[4:8], uint32(ts.Nanosecond()/1000))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(hdr[8:12], uint32(len(data)))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(hdr[12:16], origLen)
+
+	if _, err := pw.w.Write(hdr[:]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err := pw.w.Write(data)
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/util/capture/pcap_test.go b/util/capture/pcap_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3d21ef4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/pcap_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package capture
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestPcapWriter_GlobalHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	pw := NewPcapWriter(&buf, 0)
+
+	// Header is lazy, so write a dummy packet to trigger it.
+	err := pw.WritePacket(time.Now(), []byte{0x45, 0, 0, 20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 64, 1, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 1, 10, 0, 0, 2})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data := buf.Bytes()
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(data), 24, "should contain global header")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(pcapMagic), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[0:4]), "magic number")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(pcapVersionMaj), binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(data[4:6]), "version major")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint16(pcapVersionMin), binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(data[6:8]), "version minor")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(defaultSnapLen), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[16:20]), "snap length")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(linkTypeRaw), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[20:24]), "link type")
+}
+
+func TestPcapWriter_WritePacket(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	pw := NewPcapWriter(&buf, 100)
+
+	ts := time.Date(2025, 6, 15, 12, 30, 45, 123456000, time.UTC)
+	payload := make([]byte, 50)
+	for i := range payload {
+		payload[i] = byte(i)
+	}
+
+	err := pw.WritePacket(ts, payload)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data := buf.Bytes()[24:] // skip global header
+	require.Len(t, data, 16+50, "packet header + payload")
+
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(ts.Unix()), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[0:4]), "timestamp seconds")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(123456), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[4:8]), "timestamp microseconds")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(50), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[8:12]), "included length")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(50), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[12:16]), "original length")
+	assert.Equal(t, payload, data[16:], "packet data")
+}
+
+func TestPcapWriter_SnapLen(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	pw := NewPcapWriter(&buf, 10)
+
+	ts := time.Now()
+	payload := make([]byte, 50)
+
+	err := pw.WritePacket(ts, payload)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data := buf.Bytes()[24:]
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(10), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[8:12]), "included length should be truncated")
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(50), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[12:16]), "original length preserved")
+	assert.Len(t, data[16:], 10, "only snap_len bytes written")
+}
diff --git a/util/capture/session.go b/util/capture/session.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09806e10c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/session.go
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package capture
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const defaultBufSize = 256
+
+type packetEntry struct {
+	ts   time.Time
+	data []byte
+	dir  Direction
+}
+
+// Session manages an active packet capture. Packets are offered via Offer,
+// buffered in a channel, and written to configured sinks by a background
+// goroutine. This keeps the hot path (FilteredDevice.Read/Write) non-blocking.
+//
+// The caller must call Stop when done to flush remaining packets and release
+// resources.
+type Session struct {
+	pcapW   *PcapWriter
+	textW   *TextWriter
+	matcher Matcher
+	snapLen uint32
+	flushFn func()
+
+	ch      chan packetEntry
+	done    chan struct{}
+	stopped chan struct{}
+
+	closeOnce sync.Once
+	closed    atomic.Bool
+	packets   atomic.Int64
+	bytes     atomic.Int64
+	dropped   atomic.Int64
+	started   time.Time
+}
+
+// NewSession creates and starts a capture session. At least one of
+// Options.Output or Options.TextOutput must be non-nil.
+func NewSession(opts Options) (*Session, error) {
+	if opts.Output == nil && opts.TextOutput == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("at least one output sink required")
+	}
+
+	snapLen := opts.SnapLen
+	if snapLen == 0 {
+		snapLen = defaultSnapLen
+	}
+
+	bufSize := opts.BufSize
+	if bufSize <= 0 {
+		bufSize = defaultBufSize
+	}
+
+	s := &Session{
+		matcher: opts.Matcher,
+		snapLen: snapLen,
+		ch:      make(chan packetEntry, bufSize),
+		done:    make(chan struct{}),
+		stopped: make(chan struct{}),
+		started: time.Now(),
+	}
+
+	if opts.Output != nil {
+		s.pcapW = NewPcapWriter(opts.Output, snapLen)
+	}
+	if opts.TextOutput != nil {
+		s.textW = NewTextWriter(opts.TextOutput, opts.Verbose, opts.ASCII)
+	}
+
+	s.flushFn = buildFlushFn(opts.Output, opts.TextOutput)
+
+	go s.run()
+	return s, nil
+}
+
+// Offer submits a packet for capture. It returns immediately and never blocks
+// the caller. If the internal buffer is full the packet is dropped silently.
+//
+// outbound should be true for packets leaving the host (FilteredDevice.Read
+// path) and false for packets arriving (FilteredDevice.Write path).
+//
+// Offer satisfies the device.PacketCapture interface.
+func (s *Session) Offer(data []byte, outbound bool) {
+	if s.closed.Load() {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if s.matcher != nil && !s.matcher.Match(data) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	captureLen := len(data)
+	if s.snapLen > 0 && uint32(captureLen) > s.snapLen {
+		captureLen = int(s.snapLen)
+	}
+
+	copied := make([]byte, captureLen)
+	copy(copied, data)
+
+	dir := Inbound
+	if outbound {
+		dir = Outbound
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case s.ch <- packetEntry{ts: time.Now(), data: copied, dir: dir}:
+		s.packets.Add(1)
+		s.bytes.Add(int64(len(data)))
+	default:
+		s.dropped.Add(1)
+	}
+}
+
+// Stop signals the session to stop accepting packets, drains any buffered
+// packets to the sinks, and waits for the writer goroutine to exit.
+// It is safe to call multiple times.
+func (s *Session) Stop() {
+	s.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		s.closed.Store(true)
+		close(s.done)
+	})
+	<-s.stopped
+}
+
+// Done returns a channel that is closed when the session's writer goroutine
+// has fully exited and all buffered packets have been flushed.
+func (s *Session) Done() <-chan struct{} {
+	return s.stopped
+}
+
+// Stats returns current capture counters.
+func (s *Session) Stats() Stats {
+	return Stats{
+		Packets: s.packets.Load(),
+		Bytes:   s.bytes.Load(),
+		Dropped: s.dropped.Load(),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Session) run() {
+	defer close(s.stopped)
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case pkt := <-s.ch:
+			s.write(pkt)
+		case <-s.done:
+			s.drain()
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Session) drain() {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case pkt := <-s.ch:
+			s.write(pkt)
+		default:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *Session) write(pkt packetEntry) {
+	if s.pcapW != nil {
+		// Best-effort: if the writer fails (broken pipe etc.), discard silently.
+		_ = s.pcapW.WritePacket(pkt.ts, pkt.data)
+	}
+	if s.textW != nil {
+		_ = s.textW.WritePacket(pkt.ts, pkt.data, pkt.dir)
+	}
+	s.flushFn()
+}
+
+// buildFlushFn returns a function that flushes all writers that support it.
+// This covers http.Flusher and similar streaming writers.
+func buildFlushFn(writers ...any) func() {
+	type flusher interface {
+		Flush()
+	}
+
+	var fns []func()
+	for _, w := range writers {
+		if w == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if f, ok := w.(flusher); ok {
+			fns = append(fns, f.Flush)
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch len(fns) {
+	case 0:
+		return func() {
+			// no writers to flush
+		}
+	case 1:
+		return fns[0]
+	default:
+		return func() {
+			for _, fn := range fns {
+				fn()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/util/capture/session_test.go b/util/capture/session_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab27686c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/session_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package capture
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSession_PcapOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	sess, err := NewSession(Options{
+		Output:  &buf,
+		BufSize: 16,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(t,
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"),
+		protoTCP, 12345, 443)
+
+	sess.Offer(pkt, true)
+	sess.Stop()
+
+	data := buf.Bytes()
+	require.Greater(t, len(data), 24, "should have global header + at least one packet")
+
+	// Verify global header
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(pcapMagic), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[0:4]))
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(linkTypeRaw), binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(data[20:24]))
+
+	// Verify packet record
+	pktData := data[24:]
+	inclLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(pktData[8:12])
+	assert.Equal(t, uint32(len(pkt)), inclLen)
+
+	stats := sess.Stats()
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), stats.Packets)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(len(pkt)), stats.Bytes)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), stats.Dropped)
+}
+
+func TestSession_TextOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	sess, err := NewSession(Options{
+		TextOutput: &buf,
+		BufSize:    16,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(t,
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"),
+		protoTCP, 12345, 443)
+
+	sess.Offer(pkt, false)
+	sess.Stop()
+
+	output := buf.String()
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "TCP")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "10.0.0.1")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "10.0.0.2")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "443")
+	assert.Contains(t, output, "[IN   TCP]")
+}
+
+func TestSession_Filter(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	sess, err := NewSession(Options{
+		Output:  &buf,
+		Matcher: &Filter{Port: 443},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	pktMatch := buildIPv4Packet(t,
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"),
+		protoTCP, 12345, 443)
+	pktNoMatch := buildIPv4Packet(t,
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"),
+		protoTCP, 12345, 80)
+
+	sess.Offer(pktMatch, true)
+	sess.Offer(pktNoMatch, true)
+	sess.Stop()
+
+	stats := sess.Stats()
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), stats.Packets, "only matching packet should be captured")
+}
+
+func TestSession_StopIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	sess, err := NewSession(Options{Output: &buf})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sess.Stop()
+	sess.Stop() // should not panic or deadlock
+}
+
+func TestSession_OfferAfterStop(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	sess, err := NewSession(Options{Output: &buf})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	sess.Stop()
+
+	pkt := buildIPv4Packet(t,
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.1"),
+		netip.MustParseAddr("10.0.0.2"),
+		protoTCP, 12345, 443)
+	sess.Offer(pkt, true) // should not panic
+
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), sess.Stats().Packets)
+}
+
+func TestSession_Done(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	sess, err := NewSession(Options{Output: &buf})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	select {
+	case <-sess.Done():
+		t.Fatal("Done should not be closed before Stop")
+	default:
+	}
+
+	sess.Stop()
+
+	select {
+	case <-sess.Done():
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Done should be closed after Stop")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSession_RequiresOutput(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := NewSession(Options{})
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
diff --git a/util/capture/text.go b/util/capture/text.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32229894e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/capture/text.go
@@ -0,0 +1,673 @@
+package capture
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/gopacket"
+	"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+
+	nbdns "github.com/netbirdio/netbird/dns"
+)
+
+// TextWriter writes human-readable one-line-per-packet summaries.
+// It is not safe for concurrent use; callers must serialize access.
+type TextWriter struct {
+	w       io.Writer
+	verbose bool
+	ascii   bool
+	flows   map[dirKey]uint32
+}
+
+type dirKey struct {
+	src netip.AddrPort
+	dst netip.AddrPort
+}
+
+// NewTextWriter creates a text formatter that writes to w.
+func NewTextWriter(w io.Writer, verbose, ascii bool) *TextWriter {
+	return &TextWriter{
+		w:       w,
+		verbose: verbose,
+		ascii:   ascii,
+		flows:   make(map[dirKey]uint32),
+	}
+}
+
+// tag formats the fixed-width "[DIR PROTO]" prefix with right-aligned protocol.
+func tag(dir Direction, proto string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("[%-3s %4s]", dir, proto)
+}
+
+// WritePacket formats and writes a single packet line.
+func (tw *TextWriter) WritePacket(ts time.Time, data []byte, dir Direction) error {
+	ts = ts.Local()
+	info, ok := parsePacketInfo(data)
+	if !ok {
+		_, err := fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s [%-3s    ?] ??? len=%d\n",
+			ts.Format("15:04:05.000000"), dir, len(data))
+		return err
+	}
+
+	timeStr := ts.Format("15:04:05.000000")
+
+	var err error
+	switch info.proto {
+	case protoTCP:
+		err = tw.writeTCP(timeStr, dir, &info, data)
+	case protoUDP:
+		err = tw.writeUDP(timeStr, dir, &info, data)
+	case protoICMP:
+		err = tw.writeICMPv4(timeStr, dir, &info, data)
+	case protoICMPv6:
+		err = tw.writeICMPv6(timeStr, dir, &info, data)
+	default:
+		var verbose string
+		if tw.verbose {
+			verbose = tw.verboseIP(data, info.family)
+		}
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s %s %s > %s length %d%s\n",
+			timeStr, tag(dir, fmt.Sprintf("P%d", info.proto)),
+			info.srcIP, info.dstIP, len(data)-info.hdrLen, verbose)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (tw *TextWriter) writeTCP(timeStr string, dir Direction, info *packetInfo, data []byte) error {
+	tcp := &layers.TCP{}
+	if err := tcp.DecodeFromBytes(data[info.hdrLen:], gopacket.NilDecodeFeedback); err != nil {
+		return tw.writeFallback(timeStr, dir, "TCP", info, data)
+	}
+
+	flags := tcpFlagsStr(tcp)
+	plen := len(tcp.Payload)
+
+	// Protocol annotation
+	var annotation string
+	if plen > 0 {
+		annotation = annotatePayload(tcp.Payload)
+	}
+
+	if !tw.verbose {
+		_, err := fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s %s %s > %s [%s] length %d%s\n",
+			timeStr, tag(dir, "TCP"),
+			net.JoinHostPort(info.srcIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.srcPort))), net.JoinHostPort(info.dstIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.dstPort))),
+			flags, plen, annotation)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if tw.ascii && plen > 0 {
+			return tw.writeASCII(tcp.Payload)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	relSeq, relAck := tw.relativeSeqAck(info, tcp.Seq, tcp.Ack)
+
+	var seqStr string
+	if plen > 0 {
+		seqStr = fmt.Sprintf(", seq %d:%d", relSeq, relSeq+uint32(plen))
+	} else {
+		seqStr = fmt.Sprintf(", seq %d", relSeq)
+	}
+
+	var ackStr string
+	if tcp.ACK {
+		ackStr = fmt.Sprintf(", ack %d", relAck)
+	}
+
+	var opts string
+	if s := formatTCPOptions(tcp.Options); s != "" {
+		opts = ", options [" + s + "]"
+	}
+
+	verbose := tw.verboseIP(data, info.family)
+
+	_, err := fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s %s %s > %s [%s]%s%s, win %d%s, length %d%s%s\n",
+		timeStr, tag(dir, "TCP"),
+		net.JoinHostPort(info.srcIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.srcPort))), net.JoinHostPort(info.dstIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.dstPort))),
+		flags, seqStr, ackStr, tcp.Window, opts, plen, annotation, verbose)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if tw.ascii && plen > 0 {
+		return tw.writeASCII(tcp.Payload)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (tw *TextWriter) writeUDP(timeStr string, dir Direction, info *packetInfo, data []byte) error {
+	udp := &layers.UDP{}
+	if err := udp.DecodeFromBytes(data[info.hdrLen:], gopacket.NilDecodeFeedback); err != nil {
+		return tw.writeFallback(timeStr, dir, "UDP", info, data)
+	}
+
+	plen := len(udp.Payload)
+
+	// DNS replaces the entire line format
+	if plen > 0 && (isDNSPort(info.srcPort) || isDNSPort(info.dstPort)) {
+		if s := formatDNSPayload(udp.Payload); s != "" {
+			var verbose string
+			if tw.verbose {
+				verbose = tw.verboseIP(data, info.family)
+			}
+			_, err := fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s %s %s > %s %s%s\n",
+				timeStr, tag(dir, "UDP"),
+				net.JoinHostPort(info.srcIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.srcPort))), net.JoinHostPort(info.dstIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.dstPort))),
+				s, verbose)
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	var verbose string
+	if tw.verbose {
+		verbose = tw.verboseIP(data, info.family)
+	}
+	_, err := fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s %s %s > %s length %d%s\n",
+		timeStr, tag(dir, "UDP"),
+		net.JoinHostPort(info.srcIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.srcPort))), net.JoinHostPort(info.dstIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.dstPort))),
+		plen, verbose)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if tw.ascii && plen > 0 {
+		return tw.writeASCII(udp.Payload)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (tw *TextWriter) writeICMPv4(timeStr string, dir Direction, info *packetInfo, data []byte) error {
+	icmp := &layers.ICMPv4{}
+	if err := icmp.DecodeFromBytes(data[info.hdrLen:], gopacket.NilDecodeFeedback); err != nil {
+		return tw.writeFallback(timeStr, dir, "ICMP", info, data)
+	}
+
+	var detail string
+	if icmp.TypeCode.Type() == layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoRequest || icmp.TypeCode.Type() == layers.ICMPv4TypeEchoReply {
+		detail = fmt.Sprintf("%s, id %d, seq %d", icmp.TypeCode.String(), icmp.Id, icmp.Seq)
+	} else {
+		detail = icmp.TypeCode.String()
+	}
+
+	var verbose string
+	if tw.verbose {
+		verbose = tw.verboseIP(data, info.family)
+	}
+	_, err := fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s %s %s > %s %s, length %d%s\n",
+		timeStr, tag(dir, "ICMP"), info.srcIP, info.dstIP, detail, len(data)-info.hdrLen, verbose)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (tw *TextWriter) writeICMPv6(timeStr string, dir Direction, info *packetInfo, data []byte) error {
+	icmp := &layers.ICMPv6{}
+	if err := icmp.DecodeFromBytes(data[info.hdrLen:], gopacket.NilDecodeFeedback); err != nil {
+		return tw.writeFallback(timeStr, dir, "ICMP", info, data)
+	}
+
+	var verbose string
+	if tw.verbose {
+		verbose = tw.verboseIP(data, info.family)
+	}
+	_, err := fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s %s %s > %s %s, length %d%s\n",
+		timeStr, tag(dir, "ICMP"), info.srcIP, info.dstIP, icmp.TypeCode.String(), len(data)-info.hdrLen, verbose)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (tw *TextWriter) writeFallback(timeStr string, dir Direction, proto string, info *packetInfo, data []byte) error {
+	_, err := fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s %s %s > %s length %d\n",
+		timeStr, tag(dir, proto),
+		net.JoinHostPort(info.srcIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.srcPort))), net.JoinHostPort(info.dstIP.String(), strconv.Itoa(int(info.dstPort))),
+		len(data)-info.hdrLen)
+	return err
+}
+
+func (tw *TextWriter) verboseIP(data []byte, family uint8) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(", ttl %d, id %d, iplen %d",
+		ipTTL(data, family), ipID(data, family), len(data))
+}
+
+// relativeSeqAck returns seq/ack relative to the first seen value per direction.
+func (tw *TextWriter) relativeSeqAck(info *packetInfo, seq, ack uint32) (relSeq, relAck uint32) {
+	fwd := dirKey{
+		src: netip.AddrPortFrom(info.srcIP, info.srcPort),
+		dst: netip.AddrPortFrom(info.dstIP, info.dstPort),
+	}
+	rev := dirKey{
+		src: netip.AddrPortFrom(info.dstIP, info.dstPort),
+		dst: netip.AddrPortFrom(info.srcIP, info.srcPort),
+	}
+
+	if isn, ok := tw.flows[fwd]; ok {
+		relSeq = seq - isn
+	} else {
+		tw.flows[fwd] = seq
+	}
+
+	if isn, ok := tw.flows[rev]; ok {
+		relAck = ack - isn
+	} else {
+		relAck = ack
+	}
+
+	return relSeq, relAck
+}
+
+// writeASCII prints payload bytes as printable ASCII.
+func (tw *TextWriter) writeASCII(payload []byte) error {
+	if len(payload) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, len(payload))
+	for i, b := range payload {
+		switch {
+		case b >= 0x20 && b < 0x7f:
+			buf[i] = b
+		case b == '\n' || b == '\r' || b == '\t':
+			buf[i] = b
+		default:
+			buf[i] = '.'
+		}
+	}
+	_, err := fmt.Fprintf(tw.w, "%s\n", buf)
+	return err
+}
+
+// --- TCP helpers ---
+
+func ipTTL(data []byte, family uint8) uint8 {
+	if family == 4 && len(data) > 8 {
+		return data[8]
+	}
+	if family == 6 && len(data) > 7 {
+		return data[7]
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func ipID(data []byte, family uint8) uint16 {
+	if family == 4 && len(data) >= 6 {
+		return binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[4:6])
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func tcpFlagsStr(tcp *layers.TCP) string {
+	var buf [6]byte
+	n := 0
+	if tcp.SYN {
+		buf[n] = 'S'
+		n++
+	}
+	if tcp.FIN {
+		buf[n] = 'F'
+		n++
+	}
+	if tcp.RST {
+		buf[n] = 'R'
+		n++
+	}
+	if tcp.PSH {
+		buf[n] = 'P'
+		n++
+	}
+	if tcp.ACK {
+		buf[n] = '.'
+		n++
+	}
+	if tcp.URG {
+		buf[n] = 'U'
+		n++
+	}
+	if n == 0 {
+		return "none"
+	}
+	return string(buf[:n])
+}
+
+func formatTCPOptions(opts []layers.TCPOption) string {
+	var parts []string
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		switch opt.OptionType {
+		case layers.TCPOptionKindEndList:
+			return strings.Join(parts, ",")
+		case layers.TCPOptionKindNop:
+			parts = append(parts, "nop")
+		case layers.TCPOptionKindMSS:
+			if len(opt.OptionData) == 2 {
+				parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("mss %d", binary.BigEndian.Uint16(opt.OptionData)))
+			}
+		case layers.TCPOptionKindWindowScale:
+			if len(opt.OptionData) == 1 {
+				parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("wscale %d", opt.OptionData[0]))
+			}
+		case layers.TCPOptionKindSACKPermitted:
+			parts = append(parts, "sackOK")
+		case layers.TCPOptionKindSACK:
+			blocks := len(opt.OptionData) / 8
+			parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("sack %d", blocks))
+		case layers.TCPOptionKindTimestamps:
+			if len(opt.OptionData) == 8 {
+				tsval := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(opt.OptionData[0:4])
+				tsecr := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(opt.OptionData[4:8])
+				parts = append(parts, fmt.Sprintf("TS val %d ecr %d", tsval, tsecr))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.Join(parts, ",")
+}
+
+// --- Protocol annotation ---
+
+// annotatePayload returns a protocol annotation string for known application protocols.
+func annotatePayload(payload []byte) string {
+	if len(payload) < 4 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	s := string(payload)
+
+	// SSH banner: "SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_9.6\r\n"
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s, "SSH-") {
+		if end := strings.IndexByte(s, '\r'); end > 0 && end < 256 {
+			return ": " + s[:end]
+		}
+	}
+
+	// TLS records
+	if ann := annotateTLS(payload); ann != "" {
+		return ": " + ann
+	}
+
+	// HTTP request or response
+	for _, method := range [...]string{"GET ", "POST ", "PUT ", "DELETE ", "HEAD ", "PATCH ", "OPTIONS ", "CONNECT "} {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(s, method) {
+			if end := strings.IndexByte(s, '\r'); end > 0 && end < 200 {
+				return ": " + s[:end]
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(s, "HTTP/") {
+		if end := strings.IndexByte(s, '\r'); end > 0 && end < 200 {
+			return ": " + s[:end]
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+// annotateTLS returns a description for TLS handshake and alert records.
+func annotateTLS(data []byte) string {
+	if len(data) < 6 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	switch data[0] {
+	case 0x16:
+		return annotateTLSHandshake(data)
+	case 0x15:
+		return annotateTLSAlert(data)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func annotateTLSHandshake(data []byte) string {
+	if len(data) < 10 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	switch data[5] {
+	case 0x01:
+		if sni := extractSNI(data); sni != "" {
+			return "TLS ClientHello SNI=" + sni
+		}
+		return "TLS ClientHello"
+	case 0x02:
+		return "TLS ServerHello"
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func annotateTLSAlert(data []byte) string {
+	if len(data) < 7 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	severity := "warning"
+	if data[5] == 2 {
+		severity = "fatal"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("TLS Alert %s %s", severity, tlsAlertDesc(data[6]))
+}
+
+func tlsAlertDesc(code byte) string {
+	switch code {
+	case 0:
+		return "close_notify"
+	case 10:
+		return "unexpected_message"
+	case 40:
+		return "handshake_failure"
+	case 42:
+		return "bad_certificate"
+	case 43:
+		return "unsupported_certificate"
+	case 44:
+		return "certificate_revoked"
+	case 45:
+		return "certificate_expired"
+	case 48:
+		return "unknown_ca"
+	case 49:
+		return "access_denied"
+	case 50:
+		return "decode_error"
+	case 70:
+		return "protocol_version"
+	case 80:
+		return "internal_error"
+	case 86:
+		return "inappropriate_fallback"
+	case 90:
+		return "user_canceled"
+	case 112:
+		return "unrecognized_name"
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("alert(%d)", code)
+	}
+}
+
+// extractSNI parses a TLS ClientHello and returns the SNI server name.
+func extractSNI(data []byte) string {
+	if len(data) < 6 || data[0] != 0x16 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	recordLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[3:5]))
+	handshake := data[5:]
+	if len(handshake) > recordLen {
+		handshake = handshake[:recordLen]
+	}
+
+	if len(handshake) < 4 || handshake[0] != 0x01 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	hsLen := int(handshake[1])<<16 | int(handshake[2])<<8 | int(handshake[3])
+	body := handshake[4:]
+	if len(body) > hsLen {
+		body = body[:hsLen]
+	}
+
+	extPos := clientHelloExtensionsOffset(body)
+	if extPos < 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return findSNIExtension(body, extPos)
+}
+
+// clientHelloExtensionsOffset returns the byte offset where extensions begin
+// within the ClientHello body, or -1 if the body is too short.
+func clientHelloExtensionsOffset(body []byte) int {
+	if len(body) < 38 {
+		return -1
+	}
+	pos := 34
+
+	if pos >= len(body) {
+		return -1
+	}
+	pos += 1 + int(body[pos]) // session ID
+
+	if pos+2 > len(body) {
+		return -1
+	}
+	pos += 2 + int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[pos:pos+2])) // cipher suites
+
+	if pos >= len(body) {
+		return -1
+	}
+	pos += 1 + int(body[pos]) // compression methods
+
+	if pos+2 > len(body) {
+		return -1
+	}
+	return pos
+}
+
+func findSNIExtension(body []byte, pos int) string {
+	extLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[pos : pos+2]))
+	pos += 2
+	extEnd := pos + extLen
+	if extEnd > len(body) {
+		extEnd = len(body)
+	}
+
+	for pos+4 <= extEnd {
+		extType := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[pos : pos+2])
+		eLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[pos+2 : pos+4]))
+		pos += 4
+		if pos+eLen > extEnd {
+			break
+		}
+		if extType == 0 && eLen >= 5 {
+			nameLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(body[pos+3 : pos+5]))
+			if pos+5+nameLen <= extEnd {
+				return string(body[pos+5 : pos+5+nameLen])
+			}
+		}
+		pos += eLen
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func isDNSPort(p uint16) bool {
+	switch p {
+	case nbdns.DefaultDNSPort, nbdns.ForwarderClientPort, nbdns.ForwarderServerPort:
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// formatDNSPayload parses DNS and returns a tcpdump-style summary.
+func formatDNSPayload(payload []byte) string {
+	d := &layers.DNS{}
+	if err := d.DecodeFromBytes(payload, gopacket.NilDecodeFeedback); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	rd := ""
+	if d.RD {
+		rd = "+"
+	}
+
+	if !d.QR {
+		return formatDNSQuery(d, rd, len(payload))
+	}
+	return formatDNSResponse(d, rd, len(payload))
+}
+
+func formatDNSQuery(d *layers.DNS, rd string, plen int) string {
+	if len(d.Questions) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%04x%s (%d)", d.ID, rd, plen)
+	}
+	q := d.Questions[0]
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%04x%s %s? %s. (%d)", d.ID, rd, q.Type, q.Name, plen)
+}
+
+func formatDNSResponse(d *layers.DNS, rd string, plen int) string {
+	anCount := d.ANCount
+	nsCount := d.NSCount
+	arCount := d.ARCount
+	ede := formatEDE(d)
+
+	if d.ResponseCode != layers.DNSResponseCodeNoErr {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%04x %d/%d/%d %s%s (%d)", d.ID, anCount, nsCount, arCount, d.ResponseCode, ede, plen)
+	}
+
+	if anCount > 0 && len(d.Answers) > 0 {
+		rr := d.Answers[0]
+		if rdata := shortRData(&rr); rdata != "" {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%04x %d/%d/%d %s %s%s (%d)", d.ID, anCount, nsCount, arCount, rr.Type, rdata, ede, plen)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%04x %d/%d/%d%s (%d)", d.ID, anCount, nsCount, arCount, ede, plen)
+}
+
+// dnsOPTCodeEDE is the EDNS0 option code for Extended DNS Errors (RFC 8914).
+const dnsOPTCodeEDE layers.DNSOptionCode = layers.DNSOptionCode(dns.EDNS0EDE)
+
+// formatEDE returns " EDE=Name" for the first Extended DNS Error option
+// found in the response, or empty string if none is present.
+func formatEDE(d *layers.DNS) string {
+	for _, rr := range d.Additionals {
+		if rr.Type != layers.DNSTypeOPT {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, opt := range rr.OPT {
+			if opt.Code != dnsOPTCodeEDE || len(opt.Data) < 2 {
+				continue
+			}
+			info := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(opt.Data[:2])
+			name, ok := dns.ExtendedErrorCodeToString[info]
+			if !ok {
+				name = fmt.Sprintf("%d", info)
+			}
+			return " EDE=" + name
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func shortRData(rr *layers.DNSResourceRecord) string {
+	switch rr.Type {
+	case layers.DNSTypeA, layers.DNSTypeAAAA:
+		if rr.IP != nil {
+			return rr.IP.String()
+		}
+	case layers.DNSTypeCNAME:
+		if len(rr.CNAME) > 0 {
+			return string(rr.CNAME) + "."
+		}
+	case layers.DNSTypePTR:
+		if len(rr.PTR) > 0 {
+			return string(rr.PTR) + "."
+		}
+	case layers.DNSTypeNS:
+		if len(rr.NS) > 0 {
+			return string(rr.NS) + "."
+		}
+	case layers.DNSTypeMX:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d %s.", rr.MX.Preference, rr.MX.Name)
+	case layers.DNSTypeTXT:
+		if len(rr.TXTs) > 0 {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%q", string(rr.TXTs[0]))
+		}
+	case layers.DNSTypeSRV:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d %d %d %s.", rr.SRV.Priority, rr.SRV.Weight, rr.SRV.Port, rr.SRV.Name)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/util/common.go b/util/common.go
index 89903b609..c08be3617 100644
--- a/util/common.go
+++ b/util/common.go
@@ -3,18 +3,69 @@ package util
 import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"slices"
 
 	"github.com/skratchdot/open-golang/open"
 )
 
+const (
+	// envBrowser overrides the browser OpenBrowser launches
+	envBrowser = "BROWSER"
+	// envDesktopSession and envXDGCurrentDesktop are what xdg-open uses to pick a handler
+	envDesktopSession    = "DESKTOP_SESSION"
+	envXDGCurrentDesktop = "XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP"
+	// envDisplay and envWaylandDisplay are what a graphical browser needs to reach a display
+	envDisplay        = "DISPLAY"
+	envWaylandDisplay = "WAYLAND_DISPLAY"
+	// envXDGSessionType names the session kind, e.g. tty, x11 or wayland
+	envXDGSessionType = "XDG_SESSION_TYPE"
+)
+
 // OpenBrowser opens the URL in a browser, respecting the BROWSER environment variable.
 func OpenBrowser(url string) error {
-	if browser := os.Getenv("BROWSER"); browser != "" {
+	if browser := os.Getenv(envBrowser); browser != "" {
 		return exec.Command(browser, url).Start()
 	}
 	return open.Run(url)
 }
 
+// browserSessionEnvVars returns the variables that decide whether OpenBrowser can open a URL.
+// DISPLAY and WAYLAND_DISPLAY are exactly what xdg-open's own has_display() checks, and without
+// them it degrades to terminal browsers. BROWSER is the explicit override both xdg-open and
+// OpenBrowser honor first. DESKTOP_SESSION and XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP only tell xdg-open which
+// desktop-specific opener to prefer, so they are weaker evidence, kept because the previous
+// detection relied on them alone and dropping them would demote sessions that work today.
+func browserSessionEnvVars() []string {
+	return []string{envDisplay, envWaylandDisplay, envBrowser, envDesktopSession, envXDGCurrentDesktop}
+}
+
+// graphicalXDGSessionTypes are the systemd-logind session types that come with a display. The
+// other documented values are "tty" and "unspecified"; anything unrecognized is treated as no
+// display, so an unknown value picks the device code flow, which works without a browser.
+func graphicalXDGSessionTypes() []string {
+	return []string{"x11", "wayland", "mir"}
+}
+
+// HasGraphicalSession reports whether this process can open a browser and serve a loopback
+// redirect back to it. Windows and macOS always can. On Linux and FreeBSD the answer is env
+// based, so it only holds for a process started from the graphical session itself: a service
+// does not inherit those variables and always reports false, which is why callers running in
+// the user's session pass their own answer to the daemon.
+func HasGraphicalSession() bool {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	for _, env := range browserSessionEnvVars() {
+		if os.Getenv(env) != "" {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return slices.Contains(graphicalXDGSessionTypes(), os.Getenv(envXDGSessionType))
+}
+
 // SliceDiff returns the elements in slice `x` that are not in slice `y`
 func SliceDiff(x, y []string) []string {
 	mapY := make(map[string]struct{}, len(y))
diff --git a/util/file.go b/util/file.go
index 73ad05b18..52eb91c0f 100644
--- a/util/file.go
+++ b/util/file.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func WriteBytesWithRestrictedPermission(ctx context.Context, file string, bs []b
 		return fmt.Errorf("enforce permission: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return writeBytes(ctx, file, err, configDir, configFileName, bs)
+	return writeBytes(ctx, file, configDir, configFileName, bs)
 }
 
 // WriteJsonWithRestrictedPermission writes JSON config object to a file. Enforces permission on the parent directory
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ func WriteJson(ctx context.Context, file string, obj interface{}) error {
 }
 
 // DirectWriteJson writes JSON config object to a file creating parent directories if required without creating a temporary file
-func DirectWriteJson(ctx context.Context, file string, obj interface{}) error {
+func DirectWriteJson(ctx context.Context, file string, obj interface{}) (err error) {
 
-	_, _, err := prepareConfigFileDir(file)
+	_, _, err = prepareConfigFileDir(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -68,11 +68,24 @@ func DirectWriteJson(ctx context.Context, file string, obj interface{}) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	// Named return so a failed Close is reported rather than logged and
+	// swallowed: the write is only durable once the file closes cleanly, and a
+	// caller told "written" would carry on with data that never landed.
 	defer func() {
-		err = targetFile.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("failed to close file %s: %v", file, err)
+		cerr := targetFile.Close()
+		if cerr == nil {
+			return
 		}
+		if err == nil {
+			// Returned, not logged: the caller reports it once.
+			err = cerr
+			return
+		}
+		// The body already failed and that error is the one the caller gets, so
+		// it is the one that explains the failure. This is then the only place
+		// the close failure can surface — at debug, per the logging rules for
+		// close errors on writes.
+		log.Debugf("failed to close file %s after %v: %v", file, err, cerr)
 	}()
 
 	// make it pretty
@@ -106,10 +119,10 @@ func writeJson(ctx context.Context, file string, obj interface{}, configDir stri
 		return fmt.Errorf("marshal: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	return writeBytes(ctx, file, err, configDir, configFileName, bs)
+	return writeBytes(ctx, file, configDir, configFileName, bs)
 }
 
-func writeBytes(ctx context.Context, file string, err error, configDir string, configFileName string, bs []byte) error {
+func writeBytes(ctx context.Context, file string, configDir string, configFileName string, bs []byte) error {
 	if ctx.Err() != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write bytes start: %w", ctx.Err())
 	}
diff --git a/util/log.go b/util/log.go
index b1de2d999..623b11e0f 100644
--- a/util/log.go
+++ b/util/log.go
@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 package util
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 
+	"github.com/DeRuina/timberjack"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/grpclog"
-	"gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2"
 
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/formatter"
 )
@@ -37,9 +38,47 @@ func InitLog(logLevel string, logs ...string) error {
 func InitLogger(logger *log.Logger, logLevel string, logs ...string) error {
 	level, err := log.ParseLevel(logLevel)
 	if err != nil {
-		logger.Errorf("Failed parsing log-level %s: %s", logLevel, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed parsing log-level %s: %w", logLevel, err)
+	}
+
+	logFmt, err := buildWriters(logger, logs...)
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
+	switch logFmt {
+	case "json":
+		formatter.SetJSONFormatter(logger)
+	case "syslog":
+		formatter.SetSyslogFormatter(logger)
+	default:
+		formatter.SetTextFormatter(logger)
+	}
+	logger.SetLevel(level)
+
+	setGRPCLibLogger(logger)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetLogOutputs re-points an already-initialized logger to the given targets
+// (console/syslog/file), with the same target semantics as InitLogger, but
+// without re-parsing the level or resetting the formatter. The desktop GUI uses
+// it to attach the rotated gui-client.log alongside the console when the daemon
+// enters debug, and drop back to console-only when it leaves.
+func SetLogOutputs(logger *log.Logger, logs ...string) error {
+	if _, err := buildWriters(logger, logs...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	setGRPCLibLogger(logger)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// buildWriters resolves the given log targets to writers and points the logger
+// at them (single writer or MultiWriter). It returns the log format implied by
+// the targets (syslog forces "syslog"; otherwise the NB_LOG_FORMAT env value).
+// Shared by InitLogger and SetLogOutputs.
+func buildWriters(logger *log.Logger, logs ...string) (string, error) {
 	var writers []io.Writer
 	logFmt := os.Getenv("NB_LOG_FORMAT")
 
@@ -59,7 +98,11 @@ func InitLogger(logger *log.Logger, logLevel string, logs ...string) error {
 		case "":
 			logger.Warnf("empty log path received: %#v", logPath)
 		default:
-			writers = append(writers, newRotatedOutput(logPath))
+			writer, err := setupLogFile(logPath, isRotationDisabled(logger))
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("failed setting up log file: %s, %w", logPath, err)
+			}
+			writers = append(writers, writer)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -69,19 +112,7 @@ func InitLogger(logger *log.Logger, logLevel string, logs ...string) error {
 		logger.SetOutput(writers[0])
 	}
 
-	switch logFmt {
-	case "json":
-		formatter.SetJSONFormatter(logger)
-	case "syslog":
-		formatter.SetSyslogFormatter(logger)
-	default:
-		formatter.SetTextFormatter(logger)
-	}
-	logger.SetLevel(level)
-
-	setGRPCLibLogger(logger)
-
-	return nil
+	return logFmt, nil
 }
 
 // FindFirstLogPath returns the first logs entry that could be a log path, that is neither empty, nor a special value
@@ -94,17 +125,43 @@ func FindFirstLogPath(logs []string) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func isRotationDisabled(logger *log.Logger) bool {
+	v, _ := os.LookupEnv("NB_LOG_DISABLE_ROTATION")
+	disabled, _ := strconv.ParseBool(v)
+	if disabled {
+		logger.Warnf("log rotation is disabled by env flag")
+		return true
+	}
+	conflict, configPath := FindFirstLogrotateConflict()
+	if conflict {
+		logger.Warnf("log rotation conflict detected in: %#v, rotation is disabled", configPath)
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func setupLogFile(logPath string, disableRotation bool) (io.Writer, error) {
+	if disableRotation {
+		file, err := os.OpenFile(logPath, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE, 0600)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return file, nil
+	}
+	return newRotatedOutput(logPath), nil
+}
+
 func newRotatedOutput(logPath string) io.Writer {
 	maxLogSize := getLogMaxSize()
-	lumberjackLogger := &lumberjack.Logger{
+	timberjackLogger := &timberjack.Logger{
 		// Log file absolute path, os agnostic
-		Filename:   filepath.ToSlash(logPath),
-		MaxSize:    maxLogSize, // MB
-		MaxBackups: 10,
-		MaxAge:     30, // days
-		Compress:   true,
+		Filename:    filepath.ToSlash(logPath),
+		MaxSize:     maxLogSize, // MB
+		MaxBackups:  10,
+		MaxAge:      30, // days
+		Compression: "gzip",
 	}
-	return lumberjackLogger
+	return timberjackLogger
 }
 
 func setGRPCLibLogger(logger *log.Logger) {
@@ -127,7 +184,7 @@ func getLogMaxSize() int {
 	if sizeVar, ok := os.LookupEnv("NB_LOG_MAX_SIZE_MB"); ok {
 		size, err := strconv.ParseInt(sizeVar, 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Errorf("Failed parsing log-size %s: %s. Should be just an integer", sizeVar, err)
+			log.Errorf("failed parsing log-size %s: %s. Should be just an integer", sizeVar, err)
 			return defaultLogSize
 		}
 
diff --git a/util/log_test.go b/util/log_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9933e479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/log_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// TestSetupLogFile_RotatesOnSize drives >MaxSize bytes through the writer
+// returned by setupLogFile and asserts a backup file appears.
+func TestSetupLogFile_RotatesOnSize(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("NB_LOG_MAX_SIZE_MB", "1")
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	logPath := filepath.Join(dir, "netbird.log")
+
+	w, err := setupLogFile(logPath, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if c, ok := w.(io.Closer); ok {
+			_ = c.Close()
+		}
+	})
+
+	chunk := []byte(strings.Repeat("x", 64*1024) + "\n")
+	for range 20 {
+		_, err := w.Write(chunk)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	info, err := os.Stat(logPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Less(t, info.Size(), int64(1<<20),
+		"active log should be < 1 MB after rotation, got %d", info.Size())
+
+	require.Eventually(t, func() bool {
+		entries, _ := os.ReadDir(dir)
+		for _, e := range entries {
+			name := e.Name()
+			if name == filepath.Base(logPath) {
+				continue
+			}
+			if strings.HasPrefix(name, "netbird-") && strings.HasSuffix(name, ".log.gz") {
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		return false
+	}, 5*time.Second, 50*time.Millisecond, "expected a rotated backup file in %s", dir)
+}
+
+// TestSetupLogFile_RotationDisabled verifies that with rotation off, the file
+// grows past MaxSize and no backups are created.
+func TestSetupLogFile_RotationDisabled(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("NB_LOG_MAX_SIZE_MB", "1")
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	logPath := filepath.Join(dir, "netbird.log")
+
+	w, err := setupLogFile(logPath, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	f, ok := w.(*os.File)
+	require.True(t, ok, "expected plain *os.File when rotation is disabled, got %T", w)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = f.Close() })
+
+	chunk := []byte(strings.Repeat("y", 64*1024) + "\n")
+	for range 20 {
+		_, err := w.Write(chunk)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}
+
+	info, err := os.Stat(logPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, info.Size(), int64(1<<20),
+		"file should exceed MaxSize when rotation is disabled, got %d", info.Size())
+
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, entries, 1, "no backup files should exist when rotation is disabled, got %v", entries)
+}
+
+// TestIsRotationDisabled_EnvFlag covers the NB_LOG_DISABLE_ROTATION env path.
+// The logrotate-conflict branch is exercised separately on linux.
+func TestIsRotationDisabled_EnvFlag(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := log.New()
+	logger.SetOutput(io.Discard)
+
+	t.Setenv("NB_LOG_DISABLE_ROTATION", "true")
+	require.True(t, isRotationDisabled(logger))
+}
diff --git a/util/logrotate_linux.go b/util/logrotate_linux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d2173ea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/logrotate_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package util
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"errors"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultLogrotateConfPath = "/etc/logrotate.conf"
+	defaultLogrotateConfDir  = "/etc/logrotate.d"
+	netbirdString            = "netbird"
+)
+
+// FindLogrotateConflicts scans the standard logrotate locations for
+// indications of conflict with netbird. It returns true and the config file
+// path if a conflict was found.
+func FindFirstLogrotateConflict() (bool, string) {
+	return findFirstLogrotateConflictIn(defaultLogrotateConfPath, defaultLogrotateConfDir)
+}
+
+func findFirstLogrotateConflictIn(confPath, confDir string) (bool, string) {
+	for _, f := range listLogrotateConfigs(confPath, confDir) {
+		present, err := scanLogrotateFile(f, netbirdString)
+		if err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, fs.ErrNotExist) {
+				log.Debugf("scan %s: %v", f, err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if present {
+			return present, f
+		}
+	}
+	return false, ""
+}
+
+// listLogrotateConfigs returns all config files for logrotate.
+func listLogrotateConfigs(confPath, confDir string) []string {
+	files := []string{confPath}
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(confDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return files
+	}
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if e.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		files = append(files, filepath.Join(confDir, e.Name()))
+	}
+	return files
+}
+
+// scanLogrotateFile reads a config and reports if a non-comment line
+// contains the given substring.
+func scanLogrotateFile(path string, substring string) (bool, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("close %s: %v", path, err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(stripLogrotateComment(scanner.Text()))
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(line, substring) {
+			return true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+func stripLogrotateComment(line string) string {
+	before, _, _ := strings.Cut(line, "#")
+	return before
+}
diff --git a/util/logrotate_linux_test.go b/util/logrotate_linux_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92d7e410b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/logrotate_linux_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package util
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestFindFirstLogrotateConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("conflict in confDir", func(t *testing.T) {
+		confPath, confDir := newLogrotateLayout(t)
+		conflictPath := filepath.Join(confDir, "netbird")
+		writeLogrotateConfig(t, conflictPath, `/var/log/netbird/*.log {
+    daily
+    rotate 7
+}`)
+		writeLogrotateConfig(t, filepath.Join(confDir, "nginx"), `/var/log/nginx/*.log { daily }`)
+
+		got, path := findFirstLogrotateConflictIn(confPath, confDir)
+		require.True(t, got)
+		require.Equal(t, conflictPath, path)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("conflict in main conf file", func(t *testing.T) {
+		confPath, confDir := newLogrotateLayout(t)
+		writeLogrotateConfig(t, confPath, `weekly
+rotate 4
+include /etc/logrotate.d
+/var/log/netbird/client.log { rotate 5 }`)
+
+		got, path := findFirstLogrotateConflictIn(confPath, confDir)
+		require.True(t, got)
+		require.Equal(t, confPath, path)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no conflict when netbird is absent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		confPath, confDir := newLogrotateLayout(t)
+		writeLogrotateConfig(t, filepath.Join(confDir, "nginx"), `/var/log/nginx/*.log { daily }`)
+		writeLogrotateConfig(t, filepath.Join(confDir, "syslog"), `/var/log/syslog { weekly }`)
+
+		got, path := findFirstLogrotateConflictIn(confPath, confDir)
+		require.False(t, got)
+		require.Empty(t, path)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("commented-out netbird line is ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
+		confPath, confDir := newLogrotateLayout(t)
+		writeLogrotateConfig(t, filepath.Join(confDir, "misc"), `# /var/log/netbird/*.log { daily }
+/var/log/other.log { weekly }`)
+
+		got, path := findFirstLogrotateConflictIn(confPath, confDir)
+		require.False(t, got)
+		require.Empty(t, path)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("subdirectories in confDir are ignored", func(t *testing.T) {
+		confPath, confDir := newLogrotateLayout(t)
+		sub := filepath.Join(confDir, "nested")
+		require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(sub, 0o755))
+		writeLogrotateConfig(t, filepath.Join(sub, "netbird"), `/var/log/netbird/*.log { daily }`)
+
+		got, path := findFirstLogrotateConflictIn(confPath, confDir)
+		require.False(t, got)
+		require.Empty(t, path)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("missing paths return no conflict", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		got, path := findFirstLogrotateConflictIn(
+			filepath.Join(dir, "does-not-exist.conf"),
+			filepath.Join(dir, "does-not-exist.d"),
+		)
+		require.False(t, got)
+		require.Empty(t, path)
+	})
+}
+
+// newLogrotateLayout creates a temp logrotate.conf path and logrotate.d dir,
+// returning their paths. The conf file itself is not created.
+func newLogrotateLayout(t *testing.T) (confPath, confDir string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	confDir = filepath.Join(root, "logrotate.d")
+	require.NoError(t, os.MkdirAll(confDir, 0o755))
+	return filepath.Join(root, "logrotate.conf"), confDir
+}
+
+func writeLogrotateConfig(t *testing.T, path, body string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(path, []byte(body), 0o644))
+}
diff --git a/util/logrotate_nonlinux.go b/util/logrotate_nonlinux.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a188b864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/logrotate_nonlinux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package util
+
+// FindLogrotateConflicts scans the standard logrotate locations for
+// indications of conflict with netbird. It will always return false for
+// non-linux devices.
+func FindFirstLogrotateConflict() (bool, string) {
+	return false, ""
+}
diff --git a/util/netrelay/relay.go b/util/netrelay/relay.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de44d5bcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/netrelay/relay.go
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Package netrelay provides a bidirectional byte-copy helper for TCP-like
+// connections with correct half-close propagation.
+//
+// When one direction reads EOF, the write side of the opposite connection is
+// half-closed (CloseWrite) so the peer sees FIN, then the second direction is
+// allowed to drain to its own EOF before both connections are fully closed.
+// This preserves TCP half-close semantics (e.g. shutdown(SHUT_WR)) that the
+// naive "cancel-both-on-first-EOF" pattern breaks.
+package netrelay
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// DebugLogger is the minimal interface netrelay uses to surface teardown
+// errors. Both *logrus.Entry and *nblog.Logger (via its Debugf method)
+// satisfy it, so callers can pass whichever they already use without an
+// adapter. Debugf is the only required method; callers with richer
+// loggers just expose this one shape here.
+type DebugLogger interface {
+	Debugf(format string, args ...any)
+}
+
+// DefaultIdleTimeout is a reasonable default for Options.IdleTimeout. Callers
+// that want an idle timeout but have no specific preference can use this.
+const DefaultIdleTimeout = 5 * time.Minute
+
+// halfCloser is implemented by connections that support half-close
+// (e.g. *net.TCPConn, *gonet.TCPConn).
+type halfCloser interface {
+	CloseWrite() error
+}
+
+var copyBufPool = sync.Pool{
+	New: func() any {
+		buf := make([]byte, 32*1024)
+		return &buf
+	},
+}
+
+// Options configures Relay behavior. The zero value is valid: no idle timeout,
+// no logging.
+type Options struct {
+	// IdleTimeout tears down the session if no bytes flow in either
+	// direction within this window. It is a connection-wide watchdog, so a
+	// long unidirectional transfer on one side keeps the other side alive.
+	// Zero disables idle tracking.
+	IdleTimeout time.Duration
+	// Logger receives debug-level copy/idle errors. Nil suppresses logging.
+	// Any logger with Debug/Debugf methods is accepted (logrus.Entry,
+	// uspfilter's nblog.Logger, etc.).
+	Logger DebugLogger
+}
+
+// Relay copies bytes in both directions between a and b until both directions
+// EOF or ctx is canceled. On each direction's EOF it half-closes the
+// opposite conn's write side (best effort) so the peer sees FIN while the
+// other direction drains. Both conns are fully closed when Relay returns.
+//
+// a and b only need to implement io.ReadWriteCloser; connections that also
+// implement CloseWrite (e.g. *net.TCPConn, ssh.Channel) get proper half-close
+// propagation. Options.IdleTimeout, when set, is enforced by a connection-wide
+// watchdog that tracks reads in either direction.
+//
+// Return values are byte counts: aToB (a.Read → b.Write) and bToA (b.Read →
+// a.Write). Errors are logged via Options.Logger when set; they are not
+// returned because a relay always terminates on some kind of EOF/cancel.
+func Relay(ctx context.Context, a, b io.ReadWriteCloser, opts Options) (aToB, bToA int64) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	closeDone := make(chan struct{})
+	defer func() {
+		cancel()
+		<-closeDone
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		_ = a.Close()
+		_ = b.Close()
+		close(closeDone)
+	}()
+
+	// Both sides must support CloseWrite to propagate half-close. If either
+	// doesn't, a direction's EOF can't be signaled to the peer and the other
+	// direction would block forever waiting for data; in that case we fall
+	// back to the cancel-both-on-first-EOF behavior.
+	_, aHC := a.(halfCloser)
+	_, bHC := b.(halfCloser)
+	halfCloseSupported := aHC && bHC
+
+	var (
+		lastActivity atomic.Int64
+		idleHit      atomic.Bool
+	)
+	lastActivity.Store(time.Now().UnixNano())
+
+	if opts.IdleTimeout > 0 {
+		go watchdog(ctx, cancel, &lastActivity, &idleHit, opts.IdleTimeout)
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+
+	var errAToB, errBToA error
+
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		aToB, errAToB = copyTracked(b, a, &lastActivity)
+		if halfCloseSupported && isCleanEOF(errAToB) {
+			halfClose(b)
+		} else {
+			cancel()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		bToA, errBToA = copyTracked(a, b, &lastActivity)
+		if halfCloseSupported && isCleanEOF(errBToA) {
+			halfClose(a)
+		} else {
+			cancel()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if opts.Logger != nil {
+		if idleHit.Load() {
+			opts.Logger.Debugf("relay closed due to idle timeout")
+		}
+		if errAToB != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(errAToB) {
+			opts.Logger.Debugf("relay copy error (a→b): %v", errAToB)
+		}
+		if errBToA != nil && !isExpectedCopyError(errBToA) {
+			opts.Logger.Debugf("relay copy error (b→a): %v", errBToA)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return aToB, bToA
+}
+
+// watchdog enforces a connection-wide idle timeout. It cancels ctx when no
+// activity has been seen on either direction for idle. It exits as soon as
+// ctx is canceled so it doesn't outlive the relay.
+func watchdog(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, lastActivity *atomic.Int64, idleHit *atomic.Bool, idle time.Duration) {
+	// Cap the tick at 50ms so detection latency stays bounded regardless of
+	// how large idle is, and fall back to idle/2 when that is smaller so
+	// very short timeouts (mainly in tests) are still caught promptly.
+	tick := min(idle/2, 50*time.Millisecond)
+	if tick <= 0 {
+		tick = time.Millisecond
+	}
+	t := time.NewTicker(tick)
+	defer t.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-t.C:
+			last := time.Unix(0, lastActivity.Load())
+			if time.Since(last) >= idle {
+				idleHit.Store(true)
+				cancel()
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// copyTracked copies from src to dst using a pooled buffer, updating
+// lastActivity on every successful read so a shared watchdog can enforce a
+// connection-wide idle timeout.
+func copyTracked(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader, lastActivity *atomic.Int64) (int64, error) {
+	bufp := copyBufPool.Get().(*[]byte)
+	defer copyBufPool.Put(bufp)
+
+	buf := *bufp
+	var total int64
+	for {
+		nr, readErr := src.Read(buf)
+		if nr > 0 {
+			lastActivity.Store(time.Now().UnixNano())
+			n, werr := checkedWrite(dst, buf[:nr])
+			total += n
+			if werr != nil {
+				return total, werr
+			}
+		}
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return total, readErr
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func checkedWrite(dst io.Writer, buf []byte) (int64, error) {
+	nw, err := dst.Write(buf)
+	if nw < 0 || nw > len(buf) {
+		nw = 0
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return int64(nw), err
+	}
+	if nw != len(buf) {
+		return int64(nw), io.ErrShortWrite
+	}
+	return int64(nw), nil
+}
+
+func halfClose(conn io.ReadWriteCloser) {
+	if hc, ok := conn.(halfCloser); ok {
+		_ = hc.CloseWrite()
+	}
+}
+
+// isCleanEOF reports whether a copy terminated on a graceful end-of-stream.
+// Only in that case is it correct to propagate the EOF via CloseWrite on the
+// peer; any other error means the flow is broken and both directions should
+// tear down.
+func isCleanEOF(err error) bool {
+	return err == nil || errors.Is(err, io.EOF)
+}
+
+func isExpectedCopyError(err error) bool {
+	return errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) ||
+		errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) ||
+		errors.Is(err, io.EOF) ||
+		errors.Is(err, syscall.ECONNRESET) ||
+		errors.Is(err, syscall.EPIPE) ||
+		errors.Is(err, syscall.ECONNABORTED)
+}
diff --git a/util/netrelay/relay_test.go b/util/netrelay/relay_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cb86eb0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/netrelay/relay_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+package netrelay
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// tcpPair returns two connected loopback TCP conns.
+func tcpPair(t *testing.T) (*net.TCPConn, *net.TCPConn) {
+	t.Helper()
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	type result struct {
+		c   *net.TCPConn
+		err error
+	}
+	ch := make(chan result, 1)
+	go func() {
+		c, err := ln.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			ch <- result{nil, err}
+			return
+		}
+		ch <- result{c.(*net.TCPConn), nil}
+	}()
+
+	dial, err := net.Dial("tcp", ln.Addr().String())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	r := <-ch
+	require.NoError(t, r.err)
+	return dial.(*net.TCPConn), r.c
+}
+
+// TestRelayHalfClose exercises the shutdown(SHUT_WR) scenario that the naive
+// cancel-both-on-first-EOF pattern breaks. Client A shuts down its write
+// side; B must still be able to write a full response and A must receive
+// all of it before its read returns EOF.
+func TestRelayHalfClose(t *testing.T) {
+	// Real peer pairs for each side of the relay. We relay between relayA
+	// and relayB. Peer A talks through relayA; peer B talks through relayB.
+	peerA, relayA := tcpPair(t)
+	relayB, peerB := tcpPair(t)
+
+	defer peerA.Close()
+	defer peerB.Close()
+
+	// Bound blocking reads/writes so a broken relay fails the test instead of
+	// hanging the test process.
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, peerA.SetDeadline(deadline))
+	require.NoError(t, peerB.SetDeadline(deadline))
+
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		Relay(ctx, relayA, relayB, Options{})
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	// Peer A sends a request, then half-closes its write side.
+	req := []byte("request-payload")
+	_, err := peerA.Write(req)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, peerA.CloseWrite())
+
+	// Peer B reads the request to EOF (FIN must have propagated).
+	got, err := io.ReadAll(peerB)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, req, got)
+
+	// Peer B writes its response; peer A must receive all of it even though
+	// peer A's write side is already closed.
+	resp := make([]byte, 64*1024)
+	for i := range resp {
+		resp[i] = byte(i)
+	}
+	_, err = peerB.Write(resp)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, peerB.Close())
+
+	gotResp, err := io.ReadAll(peerA)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, resp, gotResp)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("relay did not return")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRelayFullDuplex verifies bidirectional copy in the simple case.
+func TestRelayFullDuplex(t *testing.T) {
+	peerA, relayA := tcpPair(t)
+	relayB, peerB := tcpPair(t)
+	defer peerA.Close()
+	defer peerB.Close()
+
+	// Bound blocking reads/writes so a broken relay fails the test instead of
+	// hanging the test process.
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second)
+	require.NoError(t, peerA.SetDeadline(deadline))
+	require.NoError(t, peerB.SetDeadline(deadline))
+
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		Relay(ctx, relayA, relayB, Options{})
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	type result struct {
+		got []byte
+		err error
+	}
+	resA := make(chan result, 1)
+	resB := make(chan result, 1)
+
+	msgAB := []byte("hello-from-a")
+	msgBA := []byte("hello-from-b")
+
+	go func() {
+		if _, err := peerA.Write(msgAB); err != nil {
+			resA <- result{err: err}
+			return
+		}
+		buf := make([]byte, len(msgBA))
+		_, err := io.ReadFull(peerA, buf)
+		resA <- result{got: buf, err: err}
+		_ = peerA.Close()
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		if _, err := peerB.Write(msgBA); err != nil {
+			resB <- result{err: err}
+			return
+		}
+		buf := make([]byte, len(msgAB))
+		_, err := io.ReadFull(peerB, buf)
+		resB <- result{got: buf, err: err}
+		_ = peerB.Close()
+	}()
+
+	a, b := <-resA, <-resB
+	require.NoError(t, a.err)
+	require.Equal(t, msgBA, a.got)
+	require.NoError(t, b.err)
+	require.Equal(t, msgAB, b.got)
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("relay did not return")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRelayNoHalfCloseFallback ensures Relay terminates when the underlying
+// conns don't support CloseWrite (e.g. net.Pipe). Without the fallback to
+// cancel-both-on-first-EOF, the second direction would block forever.
+func TestRelayNoHalfCloseFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	a1, a2 := net.Pipe()
+	b1, b2 := net.Pipe()
+	defer a1.Close()
+	defer b1.Close()
+
+	ctx := t.Context()
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		Relay(ctx, a2, b2, Options{})
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	// Close peer A's side; a2's Read will return EOF.
+	require.NoError(t, a1.Close())
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("relay did not terminate when half-close is unsupported")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRelayIdleTimeout ensures the idle watchdog tears down a silent flow.
+func TestRelayIdleTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	peerA, relayA := tcpPair(t)
+	relayB, peerB := tcpPair(t)
+	defer peerA.Close()
+	defer peerB.Close()
+
+	ctx := t.Context()
+
+	const idle = 150 * time.Millisecond
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		Relay(ctx, relayA, relayB, Options{IdleTimeout: idle})
+		close(done)
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("relay did not close on idle")
+	}
+
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	require.GreaterOrEqual(t, elapsed, idle,
+		"relay must not close before the idle timeout elapses")
+	require.Less(t, elapsed, idle+500*time.Millisecond,
+		"relay should close shortly after the idle timeout")
+}
diff --git a/util/serviceurl.go b/util/serviceurl.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ffd287df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/serviceurl.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// SameServiceURL reports whether two service URLs address the same endpoint.
+// One endpoint can be written several ways, and every spelling below reaches
+// the same server, so none of them is a divergence from another:
+//
+//	an implicit default port    https://mgmt.example.com   :443
+//	a zero-padded port          https://mgmt.example.com:0443
+//	a different host case       https://MGMT.example.com
+//	a trailing slash            https://mgmt.example.com/
+//
+// A path is otherwise part of the identity: https://mgmt.example.com and
+// https://mgmt.example.com/other are two endpoints.
+//
+// It lives here rather than next to any one caller because several of them
+// compare the same kind of URL — an MDM-enforced management URL against a
+// requested one, a stored profile URL against a command-line one — and every
+// copy of these rules that drifts turns an equivalent URL into a refused
+// request.
+func SameServiceURL(a, b *url.URL) bool {
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		return a == b
+	}
+
+	return strings.EqualFold(a.Hostname(), b.Hostname()) &&
+		strings.EqualFold(a.Scheme, b.Scheme) &&
+		ServiceURLPort(a) == ServiceURLPort(b) &&
+		strings.TrimSuffix(a.Path, "/") == strings.TrimSuffix(b.Path, "/")
+}
+
+// SameServiceURLStrings is SameServiceURL for unparsed input. Input that does
+// not parse falls back to string equality, which is the strictest thing left
+// to do with it.
+func SameServiceURLStrings(a, b string) bool {
+	ua, errA := url.ParseRequestURI(a)
+	ub, errB := url.ParseRequestURI(b)
+	if errA != nil || errB != nil {
+		return a == b
+	}
+
+	return SameServiceURL(ua, ub)
+}
+
+// ServiceURLPort is the port a URL addresses: the one it carries, normalized
+// numerically so ":0443" and ":443" are one port, or the scheme's default.
+func ServiceURLPort(u *url.URL) string {
+	port := u.Port()
+	if port == "" {
+		switch strings.ToLower(u.Scheme) {
+		case "https":
+			return "443"
+		case "http":
+			return "80"
+		default:
+			return ""
+		}
+	}
+
+	if n, err := strconv.Atoi(port); err == nil {
+		return strconv.Itoa(n)
+	}
+	return port
+}
diff --git a/util/serviceurl_test.go b/util/serviceurl_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af32a7c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/serviceurl_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSameServiceURLSpellings(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		a, b string
+		want bool
+	}{
+		// One endpoint, written several ways.
+		{a: "https://mgmt.example.com", b: "https://mgmt.example.com:443", want: true},
+		{a: "https://mgmt.example.com", b: "https://mgmt.example.com/", want: true},
+		{a: "https://mgmt.example.com/", b: "https://mgmt.example.com:443/", want: true},
+		{a: "https://MGMT.example.com", b: "https://mgmt.example.com", want: true},
+		{a: "https://mgmt.example.com:0443", b: "https://mgmt.example.com:443", want: true},
+		{a: "http://mgmt.example.com", b: "http://mgmt.example.com:80", want: true},
+		{a: "HTTPS://mgmt.example.com", b: "https://mgmt.example.com", want: true},
+
+		// Different endpoints.
+		{a: "https://mgmt.example.com", b: "http://mgmt.example.com", want: false},
+		{a: "https://mgmt.example.com", b: "https://mgmt.example.com:8443", want: false},
+		{a: "https://mgmt.example.com", b: "https://other.example.com", want: false},
+		{a: "https://mgmt.example.com", b: "https://mgmt.example.com/other", want: false},
+
+		// Unparseable input falls back to string equality.
+		{a: "mgmt.example.com", b: "mgmt.example.com", want: true},
+		{a: "mgmt.example.com", b: "https://mgmt.example.com", want: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.a+" vs "+tt.b, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, SameServiceURLStrings(tt.a, tt.b))
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, SameServiceURLStrings(tt.b, tt.a), "the comparison must be symmetric")
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// The parsed form is the primitive the string form delegates to, so it must
+// answer the same for a spelling that only the parser can tell apart.
+func TestSameServiceURLParsed(t *testing.T) {
+	parse := func(raw string) *url.URL {
+		t.Helper()
+		u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(raw)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return u
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, SameServiceURL(parse("https://mgmt.example.com:0443/"), parse("https://MGMT.example.com")))
+	assert.False(t, SameServiceURL(parse("https://mgmt.example.com"), parse("https://mgmt.example.com:8443")))
+
+	assert.True(t, SameServiceURL(nil, nil), "two absent URLs are the same absence")
+	assert.False(t, SameServiceURL(nil, parse("https://mgmt.example.com")))
+}
+
+func TestServiceURLPort(t *testing.T) {
+	parse := func(raw string) *url.URL {
+		t.Helper()
+		u, err := url.ParseRequestURI(raw)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		return u
+	}
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "443", ServiceURLPort(parse("https://mgmt.example.com")))
+	assert.Equal(t, "80", ServiceURLPort(parse("http://mgmt.example.com")))
+	assert.Equal(t, "443", ServiceURLPort(parse("https://mgmt.example.com:0443")))
+	assert.Equal(t, "8443", ServiceURLPort(parse("https://mgmt.example.com:8443")))
+}
diff --git a/util/session_test.go b/util/session_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f301ff8f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/session_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package util
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestHasGraphicalSession(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" && runtime.GOOS != "freebsd" {
+		assert.True(t, HasGraphicalSession(), "%s always has a graphical session", runtime.GOOS)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// clear anything inherited from the session running the test, restored on cleanup
+	for _, env := range append(browserSessionEnvVars(), envXDGSessionType) {
+		t.Setenv(env, "")
+		os.Unsetenv(env)
+	}
+
+	assert.False(t, HasGraphicalSession(), "no session variables means no graphical session")
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		env      string
+		value    string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{env: envDisplay, value: ":0", expected: true},
+		{env: envWaylandDisplay, value: "wayland-0", expected: true},
+		{env: envDesktopSession, value: "gnome", expected: true},
+		{env: envXDGCurrentDesktop, value: "KDE", expected: true},
+		{env: envBrowser, value: "firefox", expected: true},
+		{env: envXDGSessionType, value: "wayland", expected: true},
+		{env: envXDGSessionType, value: "x11", expected: true},
+		{env: envXDGSessionType, value: "mir", expected: true},
+		{env: envXDGSessionType, value: "tty", expected: false},
+		{env: envXDGSessionType, value: "unspecified", expected: false},
+		// an unrecognized type must not be read as a display: the device code flow works anyway
+		{env: envXDGSessionType, value: "something-new", expected: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.env+"="+tt.value, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv(tt.env, tt.value)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, HasGraphicalSession(), "%s=%s", tt.env, tt.value)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/util/wsproxy/server/proxy.go b/util/wsproxy/server/proxy.go
index ffb622200..0618beb91 100644
--- a/util/wsproxy/server/proxy.go
+++ b/util/wsproxy/server/proxy.go
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"context"
-	"io"
-	"net"
 	"net/http"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
+	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/coder/websocket"
 	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -15,11 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/netbirdio/netbird/util/wsproxy"
 )
 
-const (
-	bufferSize = 32 * 1024
-	ioTimeout  = 5 * time.Second
-)
-
 // Config contains the configuration for the WebSocket proxy.
 type Config struct {
 	Handler         http.Handler
@@ -53,14 +44,23 @@ func New(handler http.Handler, opts ...Option) *Proxy {
 
 // Handler returns an http.Handler that proxies WebSocket connections to the local gRPC server.
 func (p *Proxy) Handler() http.Handler {
-	return http.HandlerFunc(p.handleWebSocket)
+	return &proxyHandler{
+		metrics: p.config.MetricsRecorder,
+		handler: p.config.Handler,
+	}
 }
 
-func (p *Proxy) handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+type proxyHandler struct {
+	metrics MetricsRecorder
+	handler http.Handler
+	conn    atomic.Pointer[wsConnAdapter]
+}
+
+func (ph *proxyHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx := r.Context()
 
-	p.metrics.RecordConnection(ctx)
-	defer p.metrics.RecordDisconnection(ctx)
+	ph.metrics.RecordConnection(ctx)
+	defer ph.metrics.RecordDisconnection(ctx)
 
 	log.Debugf("WebSocket proxy handling connection from %s, forwarding to internal gRPC handler", r.RemoteAddr)
 	acceptOptions := &websocket.AcceptOptions{
@@ -69,121 +69,44 @@ func (p *Proxy) handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	wsConn, err := websocket.Accept(w, r, acceptOptions)
 	if err != nil {
-		p.metrics.RecordError(ctx, "websocket_accept_failed")
+		ph.metrics.RecordError(ctx, "websocket_accept_failed")
 		log.Errorf("WebSocket upgrade failed from %s: %v", r.RemoteAddr, err)
 		return
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		_ = wsConn.Close(websocket.StatusNormalClosure, "")
-	}()
+	serverConn := (&wsConnAdapter{
+		ctx:        ctx,
+		conn:       wsConn,
+		metrics:    ph.metrics,
+		clientAddr: r.RemoteAddr,
+	})
 
-	clientConn, serverConn := net.Pipe()
 	defer func() {
-		_ = clientConn.Close()
 		_ = serverConn.Close()
 	}()
 
+	ph.conn.Store(serverConn) // used in tests only
+
 	log.Debugf("WebSocket proxy established: %s -> gRPC handler", r.RemoteAddr)
 
-	go func() {
-		(&http2.Server{}).ServeConn(serverConn, &http2.ServeConnOpts{
-			Context: ctx,
-			Handler: p.config.Handler,
-		})
-	}()
+	(&http2.Server{
+		// TODO (dmitri) we should limit the number of concurrent streams per connection (peer)
+		// and idle timeouts
+		// MaxConcurrentStreams: 20,
+		// IdleTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+	}).ServeConn(serverConn, &http2.ServeConnOpts{
+		Context:    ctx,
+		Handler:    ph.handler,
+		BaseConfig: &http.Server{
+			// b/c we are wrapping a ws connection, read and write connection deadlines normally set
+			// via ReadTimeout and WriteTimeout http.Server fields aren't available to us. The ws
+			// library doesn't expose connection deadline timer config, and we ignore these calls in "wsConnAdapter".
+			//
+			// Another issue is that Server.ServeConn() call bypasses setting of connection deadlines altogether,
+			// ReadTimeout and Writetimeout set here would only apply to h2 streams, i.e. after a HEADERS frame
+			// arrival and processing, turning ReadTimeout into a request body read deadline, and WriteTimeout into
+			// a response deadline (the latter not useful for streaming requests).
+		},
+	})
 
-	p.proxyData(ctx, wsConn, clientConn, r.RemoteAddr)
-}
-
-func (p *Proxy) proxyData(ctx context.Context, wsConn *websocket.Conn, pipeConn net.Conn, clientAddr string) {
-	proxyCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-	wg.Add(2)
-
-	go p.wsToPipe(proxyCtx, cancel, &wg, wsConn, pipeConn, clientAddr)
-	go p.pipeToWS(proxyCtx, cancel, &wg, wsConn, pipeConn, clientAddr)
-
-	wg.Wait()
-}
-
-func (p *Proxy) wsToPipe(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, wg *sync.WaitGroup, wsConn *websocket.Conn, pipeConn net.Conn, clientAddr string) {
-	defer wg.Done()
-	defer cancel()
-
-	for {
-		msgType, data, err := wsConn.Read(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			switch {
-			case ctx.Err() != nil:
-				log.Debugf("WebSocket from %s terminating due to context cancellation", clientAddr)
-			case websocket.CloseStatus(err) != -1:
-				log.Debugf("WebSocket from %s disconnected", clientAddr)
-			default:
-				p.metrics.RecordError(ctx, "websocket_read_error")
-				log.Debugf("WebSocket read error from %s: %v", clientAddr, err)
-			}
-			return
-		}
-
-		if msgType != websocket.MessageBinary {
-			log.Warnf("Unexpected WebSocket message type from %s: %v", clientAddr, msgType)
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			log.Tracef("wsToPipe goroutine terminating due to context cancellation before pipe write")
-			return
-		}
-
-		if err := pipeConn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(ioTimeout)); err != nil {
-			log.Debugf("Failed to set pipe write deadline: %v", err)
-		}
-
-		n, err := pipeConn.Write(data)
-		if err != nil {
-			p.metrics.RecordError(ctx, "pipe_write_error")
-			log.Warnf("Pipe write error for %s: %v", clientAddr, err)
-			return
-		}
-
-		p.metrics.RecordBytesTransferred(ctx, "ws_to_grpc", int64(n))
-	}
-}
-
-func (p *Proxy) pipeToWS(ctx context.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc, wg *sync.WaitGroup, wsConn *websocket.Conn, pipeConn net.Conn, clientAddr string) {
-	defer wg.Done()
-	defer cancel()
-
-	buf := make([]byte, bufferSize)
-	for {
-		n, err := pipeConn.Read(buf)
-		if err != nil {
-			if ctx.Err() != nil {
-				log.Tracef("pipeToWS goroutine terminating due to context cancellation")
-				return
-			}
-
-			if err != io.EOF {
-				log.Debugf("Pipe read error for %s: %v", clientAddr, err)
-			}
-			return
-		}
-
-		if ctx.Err() != nil {
-			log.Tracef("pipeToWS goroutine terminating due to context cancellation before WebSocket write")
-			return
-		}
-
-		if n > 0 {
-			if err := wsConn.Write(ctx, websocket.MessageBinary, buf[:n]); err != nil {
-				p.metrics.RecordError(ctx, "websocket_write_error")
-				log.Warnf("WebSocket write error for %s: %v", clientAddr, err)
-				return
-			}
-
-			p.metrics.RecordBytesTransferred(ctx, "grpc_to_ws", int64(n))
-		}
-	}
+	log.Debugf("WebSocket proxy closing: %s -> gRPC handler", r.RemoteAddr)
 }
diff --git a/util/wsproxy/server/ws_conn_adapter.go b/util/wsproxy/server/ws_conn_adapter.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb29ab0cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/wsproxy/server/ws_conn_adapter.go
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+type wsConnAdapter struct {
+	prefix       string
+	ctx          context.Context
+	conn         *websocket.Conn
+	metrics      MetricsRecorder
+	clientAddr   string
+	closed       atomic.Bool
+	bufferedRead []byte
+}
+
+var _ net.Conn = &wsConnAdapter{}
+
+type wsAddr struct{ prefix string }
+
+func (wa wsAddr) Network() string { return wa.prefix + "ws-proxy" }
+func (wa wsAddr) String() string  { return wa.prefix + "ws-proxy" }
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	if len(ws.bufferedRead) > 0 {
+		return ws.readFromBuffer(b)
+	}
+
+	msgType, data, err := ws.conn.Read(ws.ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		switch {
+		case ws.ctx.Err() != nil:
+			log.Debugf("WebSocket from %s terminating due to context cancellation", ws.clientAddr)
+		case websocket.CloseStatus(err) != -1:
+			log.Debugf("WebSocket from %s disconnected", ws.clientAddr)
+		default:
+			ws.recordError(ws.ctx, "websocket_read_error")
+			log.Debugf("WebSocket read error from %s: %v", ws.clientAddr, err)
+		}
+		return copy(b, data), err
+	}
+	if msgType != websocket.MessageBinary {
+		log.Warnf("Unexpected WebSocket message type from %s: %v", ws.clientAddr, msgType)
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	ws.bufferedRead = data
+	return ws.readFromBuffer(b)
+}
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) readFromBuffer(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	n := copy(b, ws.bufferedRead)
+
+	ws.recordBytesTransferred(ws.ctx, "ws_to_grpc", n)
+	if n == len(ws.bufferedRead) {
+		ws.bufferedRead = nil
+		return n, nil
+	} else {
+		ws.bufferedRead = ws.bufferedRead[n:]
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	maybeErr := ws.ctx.Err()
+
+	n := len(b)
+	if n == 0 {
+		return n, maybeErr
+	}
+	if maybeErr != nil {
+		return 0, maybeErr
+	}
+	if err := ws.conn.Write(ws.ctx, websocket.MessageBinary, b[:n]); err != nil {
+		ws.recordError(ws.ctx, "websocket_write_error")
+		log.Warnf("WebSocket write error for %s: %v", ws.clientAddr, err)
+		return 0, err // we don't know how many bytes have been written
+	}
+
+	ws.recordBytesTransferred(ws.ctx, "grpc_to_ws", n)
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) Close() error {
+	ws.closed.Store(true)
+	return ws.conn.Close(websocket.StatusNormalClosure, "")
+}
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) LocalAddr() net.Addr  { return wsAddr{ws.prefix} }
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) RemoteAddr() net.Addr { return wsAddr{ws.prefix} }
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) recordError(ctx context.Context, errorType string) {
+	if ws.metrics == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	ws.metrics.RecordError(ctx, errorType)
+}
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) recordBytesTransferred(ctx context.Context, direction string, bytes int) {
+	if ws.metrics == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	ws.metrics.RecordBytesTransferred(ctx, direction, int64(bytes))
+}
+
+func (ws *wsConnAdapter) IsClosed() bool {
+	return ws.closed.Load()
+}
diff --git a/util/wsproxy/server/ws_conn_adapter_test.go b/util/wsproxy/server/ws_conn_adapter_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5369b2362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/wsproxy/server/ws_conn_adapter_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"io"
+	"math/rand/v2"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/coder/websocket"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack"
+)
+
+func TestAdapterHandlingConnectionClosures(t *testing.T) {
+	var cases = []struct {
+		description string
+		casenum     int
+	}{
+		{"client-side ws connection is closed", 0},
+		{"server-side ws connection is closed", 1},
+		{"client-side context is cancelled", 2},
+		{"server-side context is cancelled", 3},
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		t.Run(c.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			serversock := filepath.Join("/tmp", "http-server-"+strconv.FormatInt(rand.Int64(), 10)+".sock")
+			t.Cleanup(func() { os.Remove(serversock) })
+
+			l, err := net.Listen("unix", serversock)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+			proxy := New(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+				buf, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+				defer r.Body.Close()
+				w.Write([]byte("echo: " + string(buf))) //nolint:errcheck
+			}))
+
+			handler, ok := proxy.Handler().(*proxyHandler)
+			assert.True(t, ok)
+
+			protocols := new(http.Protocols)
+			protocols.SetHTTP1(true)
+			protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+			httpServer := http.Server{
+				Handler: handler,
+			}
+			go httpServer.Serve(l) //nolint:errcheck
+			t.Cleanup(func() { httpServer.Close() })
+
+			clientconn, _, err := websocket.Dial(context.Background(), "http://whatever", //nolint:bodyclose
+				&websocket.DialOptions{HTTPClient: &http.Client{
+					Transport: &http.Transport{
+						DialContext: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+							return net.Dial("unix", serversock)
+						},
+					}}})
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+			clientCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background()) //nolint:govet
+			h2client := &http.Client{
+				Transport: &http2.Transport{
+					AllowHTTP: true,
+					DialTLSContext: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string, _ *tls.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
+						return &wsConnAdapter{
+							prefix: "test-client",
+							ctx:    clientCtx,
+							conn:   clientconn,
+						}, nil
+					},
+				}}
+
+			resp, err := h2client.Post("http://whatever", "text/html", strings.NewReader("g'day"))
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+			body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, "echo: g'day", string(body))
+
+			switch c.casenum {
+			case 0:
+				clientconn.Close(websocket.StatusNormalClosure, "")
+			case 1:
+				handler.conn.Load().Close()
+			case 2:
+				cancel()
+			case 3:
+				resp.Body.Close()
+				h2client.CloseIdleConnections()
+			}
+
+			assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+				assert.True(c, handler.conn.Load().IsClosed())
+			}, 3*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
+		}) //nolint:govet
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAdapterHandlingHttpConnection_NoHeadersSent(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Skip("currently disabled as it requires idle timeout to be set")
+
+	serversock := filepath.Join("/tmp", "http-server-"+strconv.FormatInt(rand.Int64(), 10)+".sock")
+	defer os.Remove(serversock)
+
+	l, err := net.Listen("unix", serversock)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	proxy := New(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		buf, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		defer r.Body.Close()                    //nolint:errcheck
+		w.Write([]byte("echo: " + string(buf))) //nolint:errcheck
+	}))
+
+	handler, ok := proxy.Handler().(*proxyHandler)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+
+	protocols := new(http.Protocols)
+	protocols.SetHTTP1(true)
+	protocols.SetUnencryptedHTTP2(true)
+	httpServer := http.Server{
+		Handler: handler,
+	}
+	go httpServer.Serve(l) //nolint:errcheck
+
+	clientconn, _, err := websocket.Dial(context.Background(), "http://whatever", //nolint:bodyclose
+		&websocket.DialOptions{HTTPClient: &http.Client{
+			Transport: &http.Transport{
+				DialContext: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+					return net.Dial("unix", serversock)
+				},
+			}}})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	h2client := &http.Client{
+		Transport: &http2.Transport{
+			AllowHTTP: true,
+			DialTLSContext: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string, _ *tls.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
+				return &h2ConnectionSnooper{wrappedConn: &wsConnAdapter{
+					prefix: "test-client",
+					ctx:    context.Background(),
+					conn:   clientconn,
+				}, shouldDropFrame: func(f http2.FrameType) bool { return f == http2.FrameHeaders || f == http2.FrameData }}, nil
+			},
+		}}
+
+	_, err = h2client.Post("http://whatever", "text/html", strings.NewReader("g'day"))
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+
+	assert.EventuallyWithT(t, func(c *assert.CollectT) {
+		assert.True(c, handler.conn.Load().IsClosed())
+	}, 3*time.Second, 100*time.Millisecond)
+}
+
+type h2ConnectionSnooper struct {
+	wrappedConn     net.Conn
+	shouldDropFrame func(f http2.FrameType) bool
+}
+
+func (hs *h2ConnectionSnooper) Read(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	return hs.wrappedConn.Read(b)
+}
+
+func (hs *h2ConnectionSnooper) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	fr := http2.NewFramer(nil, bytes.NewReader(b))
+	fr.ReadMetaHeaders = hpack.NewDecoder(0, nil)
+	f, err := fr.ReadFrame()
+	if err != nil {
+		return hs.wrappedConn.Write(b)
+	}
+
+	if hs.shouldDropFrame != nil && hs.shouldDropFrame(f.Header().Type) {
+		return len(b), nil
+	}
+
+	return hs.wrappedConn.Write(b)
+}
+
+func (hs *h2ConnectionSnooper) Close() error { return hs.wrappedConn.Close() }
+
+func (hs *h2ConnectionSnooper) LocalAddr() net.Addr { return hs.wrappedConn.LocalAddr() }
+
+func (hs *h2ConnectionSnooper) RemoteAddr() net.Addr { return hs.wrappedConn.RemoteAddr() }
+
+func (hs *h2ConnectionSnooper) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error { return hs.wrappedConn.SetDeadline(t) }
+
+func (hs *h2ConnectionSnooper) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	return hs.wrappedConn.SetReadDeadline(t)
+}
+
+func (hs *h2ConnectionSnooper) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error {
+	return hs.wrappedConn.SetWriteDeadline(t)
+}
diff --git a/version/compare.go b/version/compare.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7868f35a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version/compare.go
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package version
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	v "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
+)
+
+// sanitizeVersion removes anything after the pre-release tag (e.g., "-dev", "-alpha", etc.)
+func sanitizeVersion(version string) string {
+	parts := strings.Split(version, "-")
+	return parts[0]
+}
+
+// MeetsMinVersion checks if the peer's version meets or exceeds the minimum required version
+func MeetsMinVersion(minVer, peerVer string) (bool, error) {
+	peerVer = sanitizeVersion(peerVer)
+	minVer = sanitizeVersion(minVer)
+
+	peerNBVer, err := v.NewVersion(peerVer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	constraints, err := v.NewConstraint(">= " + minVer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return constraints.Check(peerNBVer), nil
+}
diff --git a/version/compare_test.go b/version/compare_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9f3c7f323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version/compare_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package version
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestMeetsMinVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		minVer  string
+		peerVer string
+		want    bool
+		wantErr bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "Peer version greater than min version",
+			minVer:  "0.26.0",
+			peerVer: "0.60.1",
+			want:    true,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Peer version equals min version",
+			minVer:  "1.0.0",
+			peerVer: "1.0.0",
+			want:    true,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Peer version less than min version",
+			minVer:  "1.0.0",
+			peerVer: "0.9.9",
+			want:    false,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Peer version with pre-release tag greater than min version",
+			minVer:  "1.0.0",
+			peerVer: "1.0.1-alpha",
+			want:    true,
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Invalid peer version format",
+			minVer:  "1.0.0",
+			peerVer: "dev",
+			want:    false,
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "Invalid min version format",
+			minVer:  "invalid.version",
+			peerVer: "1.0.0",
+			want:    false,
+			wantErr: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, err := MeetsMinVersion(tt.minVer, tt.peerVer)
+			if tt.wantErr {
+				assert.Error(t, err)
+			} else {
+				assert.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, got)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/version/version.go b/version/version.go
index d70a5effa..074305bd6 100644
--- a/version/version.go
+++ b/version/version.go
@@ -2,19 +2,86 @@ package version
 
 import (
 	"regexp"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"strings"
 
 	v "github.com/hashicorp/go-version"
 )
 
+// DevelopmentVersion is the value of NetbirdVersion() for non-release builds.
+// Wire-format consumers (management server, dashboard) match against this
+// string, so it must not change without coordinating those consumers.
+const DevelopmentVersion = "development"
+
+// CIVersionPrefix marks CI snapshot builds (e.g. "ci-7470fbdd"). Such builds
+// are treated as development versions by IsDevelopmentVersion.
+const CIVersionPrefix = "ci-"
+
+// DevVersionPrefix marks dev snapshot builds (e.g. "dev-7470fbdd"). Such builds
+// are treated as development versions by IsDevelopmentVersion.
+const DevVersionPrefix = "dev-"
+
 // will be replaced with the release version when using goreleaser
-var version = "development"
+var version = DevelopmentVersion
 
 var (
 	VersionRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("^" + v.VersionRegexpRaw + "$")
 	SemverRegexp  = regexp.MustCompile("^" + v.SemverRegexpRaw + "$")
 )
 
-// NetbirdVersion returns the Netbird version
+// NetbirdVersion returns the Netbird version. For non-release builds the
+// value is the literal DevelopmentVersion constant; the VCS revision is
+// exposed separately via NetbirdCommit so the wire format stays stable.
 func NetbirdVersion() string {
 	return version
 }
+
+// NetbirdCommit returns the VCS revision (truncated to 12 chars) of the
+// build, with a "-dirty" suffix when the working tree was modified.
+// Returns an empty string when no build info is embedded (e.g. release
+// builds compiled by goreleaser without -buildvcs).
+func NetbirdCommit() string {
+	info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo()
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var revision string
+	var modified bool
+	for _, s := range info.Settings {
+		switch s.Key {
+		case "vcs.revision":
+			revision = s.Value
+		case "vcs.modified":
+			modified = s.Value == "true"
+		}
+	}
+
+	if revision == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if len(revision) > 12 {
+		revision = revision[:12]
+	}
+
+	if modified {
+		revision += "-dirty"
+	}
+	return revision
+}
+
+// IsDevelopmentVersion reports whether the given version string identifies
+// a non-release / development build. It is the single source of truth for
+// "is this a dev build" checks across the codebase; use it instead of
+// comparing against the "development" literal or ad-hoc substring checks.
+//
+// Matches the bare DevelopmentVersion constant as well as any future
+// extension such as "development-<sha>" or "development-<sha>-dirty", and
+// CI/dev snapshot builds prefixed with "ci-" or "dev-", while excluding
+// tagged prereleases like "v0.31.1-dev".
+func IsDevelopmentVersion(v string) bool {
+	return strings.HasPrefix(v, DevelopmentVersion) ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(v, CIVersionPrefix) ||
+		strings.HasPrefix(v, DevVersionPrefix)
+}
diff --git a/version/version_test.go b/version/version_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cdba6b804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/version/version_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package version
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestIsDevelopmentVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		version string
+		want    bool
+	}{
+		{"development", true},
+		{"development-0823f3ff9ab1", true},
+		{"development-0823f3ff9ab1-dirty", true},
+		{"ci-7470fbdd", true},
+		{"dev-7470fbdd", true},
+		{"0.50.0", false},
+		{"v0.31.1-dev", false},
+		{"1.0.0-dev", false},
+		{"dev", false},
+		{"", false},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.version, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := IsDevelopmentVersion(tt.version); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("IsDevelopmentVersion(%q) = %v, want %v", tt.version, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}